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A

NATURAL HISTORY

O F

R D S,

The moft of which have not hitherto been figured or
defcribed, and the reft, by Reafon of obfcure, or too
brief Defcriptions, without Figures, or of Figures very
ill defign’d, are hitherto but little known.

THIS PART EXHIBITS

The Reprefentations of Fifty-Nine Birds, engraven on Fifty- Two
Copper Plates, and coloured in their natural and proper Colours,
after curious Original Paintings, defign’d from the Life : With a
full and accurate Defcription of each Bird.

PART III.

George Edwards, Library-Keeper to the
Royal College of Phyjicians.

L 0 N D 0 IV:

Printed for the Author, at the College of Phyfciam in IV arizick-Lane.

M.DCC.L

T O T H E

PRESIDENT*

COUNCIL,

AND

F E L L O W S

OF THE

R O TA L S O C I E T T,

7

THIS

Part of my Natural HisTORYof Birds, & c .

Is Humbly Dedicated and Prefented by ,

'Their mojl Iiumhle Servant ,

George Edwards.

ADVERTISEMENT.

I Acquainted the Publick at the Conclufion of my fecond part of this Work, that I had
no Thoughts at that Time of continuing my Hiftory of Birds ; (lor then indeed I had not
Matter fufficient to proceed upon 0 but fince then I have been fo fortunate, by the Af-
fiftance of my Friends, as to collect a proper Number of new Subjects, fo as to add a third
and fourth Part to this Work : which two Parts will contain the fame Number of Plates
that are given in the firft and fecond Parts compofing the firft Volume. Thofe Gentle-
men who take the two laft Parts, may very conveniently bind them up together, as the two
Parts will. make up a Volume only of a moderate Thicknefs. This third Part confifts
wholly of Birds, excepting a little Addition in fome of the Plates by way of Decoration.
The fourth Part will be publifh’d in twelve Months at moft from the Delivery of the third
Part, the Plates being all finifhed, and fome few of them already Printed off and Colour’d
as Specimens, which may be feen at my Houfe by any one that defires it. The Manufcript
Copy, defcribing the Figures of the laft Parr, is alfo prepared and now ready for the PrefL
The laft Part will contain thirty-feven Plates of Birds, and fixteen Plates containing fome other
curious and undefcribed Animals, fuch as Quadrupeds, (both Land and Amphibious) Serpents,
Reptiles, Fifhes and Infefts.

I fhall defer giving the Names of my additional Subfcribers till the Publication offthe fourth
and laft Part of this Natural Hiftory : In the mean Time I hope fuch Gentlemen and La-
dies, as have encouraged this Work, through the Hands of fome of my Friends that are
Bookfellers, as well as fuch of my good Friends who have taken the Books direiftly of
me, will be pleafed to honour me with their Names, by fending them either to their Book-
fellers or to me, and they fhall be infer ted.

As the fourth Part will complete two Volumes, containing in all two hundred and ten
Plates of the Natural Hiftory, befides two other Plates •, and I finding myfelf deftitute of Ma-
terials to proceed any confiderable Length farther in this Work, 1 fhall abfolutely flop and
jfinifh here. Declining Age, its neceffary Confequences, and growing Incapacities, are alfo
good Reafons for me to difcontinue proceeding in a Work, that by lying too heavy on the
Brain, may only ferve to ftupify myfelf, without being of any Benefit or Advantage to the
World. As I have now finifhed this Work, it is my Intention to devote the Remainder of
my Days to Quietnefs and Repofe, much Attention not well agreeing with People in their
later Years.

In Perufing thefe Defcriptlons, without having the Figures prefent, I muft confefs fome
Parts of them feemed to me a little obfcure •, but on a fecond Reading, with the colour’d
Figures before me, the Defcriptions and Figures ferved to explain each other fo well, that I
truft moft of my Readers will readily comprehend the Senfe and Meaning of them, agreeable to
my Conceptions or Ideas when I wrote thefe Sheets. I have marked the firft Plate of the firft
Part with N° i. and have gone on numerically from thence to the End of the laft Part,,
which I think wilt breed lei's Confufion than if I had made the firft Plate of each Part to
begin with N° i. A Catalogue of the Names of the Animals contained in the third and fourth
Parts will be given at the End of the fourth Part when it is publifhed.

The

.

-•

.

( i°6 )

*Jhe Bearded Vulture.

T HIS Bird is of the Bignefs of an Eagle : broad-ways it meafures feven Feet
and a half, the Wings being extended ; from Bill -point to Tail-end it meafures
three Feet four Inches ; from Bill-point to the End of the Claws but two Feet eight
Inches. The Wing when clofed meafures two Feet four Inches ; the prime Quills
are more than twenty-three Inches long.

The Bill is of a Purple Flefh Colour, darker towards the Point than at the Bafe :
From its Point to the Angle of the Mouth, it Meafures four Inches: It extends itfelf
in Length a little before it bends into a Hook, which is one of the principal Diftin&i-
ons between the Eagle and the Vulture Kind ; the Eagle’s Bill always begins t be
arched at its Bafe, and continues fo to its Point. From the Root of the lower Manda-
ble of the Bill it hath a remarkable Tuft of Black Feathers, for which Reafon I have
called it bearded. The Mouth is Blue within Side ; the Eyes are placed juft above the
Slits of the Mouth ; the Circle round the Eye is of a bright Yellow, and without
that is another Circle, being a fine deep-red Skin, that is firmly fixed on the Bali of
the Eye. The Sides and Fore-part of the Plead is Black ; which Blacknefs encompafies
the Eyes, and fhows them to Advantage ; the Noftrils are cover’d with ftiff black
Feathers ; from behind each Eye extends a black Line, which bends upwards, and
meets in the hinder Part of the Head. It hath alfo a Dafh of Black from each Corner
of the Mouth, which tends a little downward in the Form of Whifkers ; the reft of
the Head and the whole Neck are covered with white Feathers, fhort on the Head,
but long, loofe and pointed on the Neck, like thofe on a Cock’s Neck. The upper Side,
Back, Wings and Tail are of a dark Colour between Brown and Black ; the lefter Covert
Feathers of the Wings have Dafhes of bright Reddifh-brown down their Shafts, very
narrow j the Edges of the Feathers on the whole Upper-fide are fomething lighter
than the other Parts of the Feathers ; the greater Feathers of the Wings and Tail
have their Shafts White ; the middle Feathers of the Tail are fomething longer than
the Side Feathers ; the Infides of the Wings are coloured as they are without, except
that the Dafhes down the Shafts of the Covert Feathers are larger and whiter. It hath
a Space under each Wing, cover’d only with white Down, of the Bignefs of a Man’s
whole Hand* the Bottoms or Roots of the Feathers all over the Bird are White ; it
hath alfo a very thick, foft, white Down all over the Body under its Feathers. The
underSide, Breaft, Belly, Thighs and Coverts under the Tail are White, a little tinc-
tured with a Reddifh-brown ; the Legs are cover’d with fhort white downy Feathers,
which are, when it perches, cover’d by the longer Feathers of the Thighs; the Feet are
of a Lead-colour, the Claws dufky, the middle and outer Toes on each Foot are joined
by a ftrong Skin.

It was brought from Santa Cruz on the Coaft of Barbary , by Captain John Dob -
fon. I had not the good Luck to fee it living, but my Friend the Captain fent it to me .
from a Merchant’s, to whom he had prefented it, as foon as it was dead ; it yet retaining
the bright Colour of the Eyes and Feet, in which State I laid it before the Royal
Society, Feb . 1 8, 1747.

I can meet with no Defcription of this Bird, but find a Print by N. Robet , Cabinet-
Painter to Lewis XIV, in a Set of Prints of Birds, publifhed by him at Paris ; the
Plates are about feven Inches wide and nine high, the Set contains thirty-one. The
Bird in the Second Plate call’d Vulture, is not the Common Vulture, but fomething
refembling the above deferib’d.

B The

( 107 )

The R i n g-t ail’d Hawk.

T HIS Bird feemed to me to be of the Size of a Common Crow, The Wing
when clofed is fourteen Inches long ; the Leg from the Foot to the Knee is
three Inches long. It differs from other Hawks of its Size, in having a fmaller Bill,
and longer and flenderer Legs, in Proportion, than I have obferved in any of the greater
Kinds of Hawks. It refembles our Sparrow-Hawk in the Slendernefs of its Legs, and
fmall Bill, and is fomething like it in Colour, tho’ at leaf! four Times its Magnitude.

Its Bill is of a dark Horn-Colour, or blackifb, the Noftrils cover’d with a yellow
Skin, which encompaffes the upper and lower Chaps, and extends from the Angles
of the Mouth as far back as the Eyes ; this Skin is befet thinly with black ftiff Fea-
thers ; the Bill is hooked, as in all of this Kind, but hath no Angle on the Edges of
the upper Chap, as is common, but only a little Bend or Wave; the Head is of a
dufky or blackifh Colour, having a little White on the Forehead joining to the Bill,
and a light Mark palling above each Eye ; the Feathers beneath the Bill are alfo light
colour’d for a little Space ; the Fore-part of the Neck and Hinder-part of the Head are
of a Clay-colour, intermixed with a dulky Brown ; the upper Part of the Neck, the
Back and Wings, are of a dark dulky Brown ; the Edges of fome of the Middle
Quills are Alh- colour; the Infide of the Wing is White, except the Ends of the
Quills, which are dulky ; the inner Coverts are fprinkled with fmall brown Spots, and
the inner Webs of the Quills are faintly barred a-crofs with narrow dulky Lines ; the
Rump and Covert Feathers of the Tail are white *, which Whitenefs joining with the
white Feathers beneath the Tail, forms a white Ring round the Tail ; the middle
Feathers of the Tail are dulky, the next on each Side of a blueilh Alh-colour, the
outermofl White, all tranfverlly marked with feven or eight dulky Lines; the Tail
beneath is almolt White, the Bars hardly appearing through the Feathers ; the Bread:,
Belly, Thighs, and Covert Feathers under the Tail are White, intermixed with fome
Reddifh-brown Spots tranfverlly waved on the Bread and Thighs, in the Form of
Hearts on the Belly, and in half-moon-like Spots on the lower Belly and the Covert3
under the Tail ; the Legs and Feet are of a bright Yellow or Gold-colour, the outer.
Toe joined the middlemod by a Membrane, the Claws are Black.

Hudfon 9 s-Bay in North America is the native Place of this Bird, from whence it was brought,
with many others, by Mr. ljham , who has obliged me extremely by furniihing me with more
than thirty different Species of Birds, of which we have hitherto had little or no Knowledge*
the far greateft Part of them being Non-defcripts. As I fhall in the Courfe of this Work have
Occafion frequently to mention the above curious Gentleman’s Name, it will be here neceffary
to let the Reader know, that Mr. IJkam has been employ’d for many Years in the Service of the
Hudfon 9 s-Bay Company, and has, for fome Years pad, been Governor under them at different
Times, of feveral of their Forts and Settlements in the mod Northern habitable Parts of America
where at his leifure Times, his commendable Curiofity led him to make a Colledtion of all the
Beads, Birds, and Fifhes of thofe Countries, as well as the Habits, Toys, and Utenfils of the native
Americans. The Furs of the Beads, and the Skins of the Birds were duffed, and preferved very:
clean and perfect, and brought to London in the Year 1745. Mr .ljham is now in London r,
[1749] where he will day for a fhort Time, and has favour’d me with the Pleafure of his
Converfation.

Nothing exabbly agreeing with the above defcribM Bird, can be met with in our natural His-
torians. What comes neared its Defcription, is the Ring-Tail deferibed by Willughby^ P. 72.

TJk

( io8 )

'The little Black and Orange-colour* d Indian Hawk.

T H E Figure reprefents the Bird of its natural Bignefs, which is by much the
fmalleft of the perfedt Hawk-kind I have met with. The fmall Hawks in
Europe are generally formed in a very delicate Manner, having long and {lender Legs*
and fmall Bills in Proportion ; on the contrary, this Bird’s Parts are perfectly Aquiline $
its Bill being drong, its Thighs brawny, its Legs thick and fhort, and its Toes armed
with very fharp and drong Talons j fo that it might with Propriety claim the Name
of the little Eagle.

It hath an Afh-colour’d Bill, a little inclining to Flefh-colour, covered at the Bafe
with a yellow Skin, in which the Nodrilsare placed : It hath Hooks or Angles on
the Sides of the upper Mandable, better expreded by the Figure, than it can be by Def-
eription. The Eye hath a yellow Skin for a little Space round it j this Skin is encom-
pafled with black Feathers, which Blacknefs ends in Lines drawn down each Side of
the Neck. Thefe black Lines are again encompafled with White, which White
pafles over the Forehead at the Bafe of the Bill ; the Top of the Head, upper Side of
the Neck, Back, upper Sides of the Wings and Tail are Black , {Lining with a
blue and purplifti Glofs 5 the Sides of the Wings are alfo Black ; the Covert Fea-
thers within Side of the Wings are White ; the inner Webs of the greater Wing
Feathers, and thofe of the Tail are barred a-crofs with White and Black ; there ap-
pears no White on the upper Sides of the Wings or Tail when the Feathers are
clofed. The under Side of the Bird from the Bill to the Tail is of a bright Orange-
colour, lighter on the Bread than in the other Parts ; the Legs and Feet are of a bright
Gold-colour, the Claws are Black ; it is feather’d a little below the Knees. A Mem •
brane connects the middle and outer Toe a little Way down, as in other Birds of this-
Kind..

This Bird is a Native of Bengali in the Eajl-lndies> and was fent from thence in a
large Cargo of natural Rarities to Dr. Mead y Phyfician in Ordinary to the King,
about two Years before the Publication of this Part of my Hidory; and the Dodtor,
who is poffeded of a remarkable Zeal for promoting every Art, and every Branch of
Knowledge, was pleafed to lend me this Bird, together with fome others, that I
might make exadt Drawings of them, in order to embellifh this Natural Hidory.
Thefe Birds were brought over put up in Spirits, out of which I had the Liberty to*
take them, and after wafhing them in fair Water,, and then drying them, they appear-
ed very fair in their Feathers. This Hawk had, I believe, been train’d for dying at
Game, for it had on each of its Legs a fmall piece of Leather, fuch as we faden Bells
with to Hawk’s Legs. I believe this Bird may be pronounced abfolutely a Non-defcript,
for I can dnd no Mention of it in any Hidory or Voyage,.

( l0 9 )

The Roller

*~ H ^ HIS Bird is of the Bignefs of a Magpye, but longer Winged, and Ihorter
Legged and Tailed in Proportion,]

The Bill is ftrong, pretty ftrait, a little hooked at the Point, Black of Colour, and
befet on each Side at its Safes with black ftifF Hairs ; the Eye is encompafied for a
fmall Space with a brown Skin bare of Feathers ; it hath alfo a fmall Knob or Ex-
crefcence a little behind each Eye, void of Feathers ; the whole Head, Neck, Breaft,
Belly, Thighs and Coverts beneath the Tail, are of a light blueifli Green, tho* fome-
what darker on the Crown of the Head, and upper Part of the Neck, than on the
under Side ; the Neck before hath light or whitifh Dafhes down the Shafts of the
Feathers; the Back is of a reddifh Brown,, with a fmall Mixture of Green on the
Edges of the Feathers; the Quills of the Wings are Black at their Tips, and of a
very fine Blue toward their Roots, except thofe next the Back, on each Side, which
are of the Colour of the Back ; the firfi: and fecond Row of Wing Coverts, next
above the Quills, are of a greenifh blue Colour; the lefifer Coverts of the Wings are
of a fine deep Blue ; the inner Covert Feathers of the Wings are of the Colour of
thofe on the outfide, but fomething paler ; the Rump and Covert Feathers of the
Tail are of the fame fine Blue, or Ultramarine-Colour, that is feen on the Wings;
the middle Feathers of the Tail are of a dirty Green, the outer on each Side are of a
light Blue, the outermofi: of all are each of them extended about half an Inch lon-
ger than the Reft, and have their Tips Black. Wherever the Tail or the Quills of the
Wings are Black on their upper Sides, they are of a fine deep Blue beneath. It hath
fhort Legs, in Proportion, of a yellowifh Colour, its Toes Band after the ufual Man-
ner, cloven to their Bottoms ; the Claws dark Brown, or Black.

The Bird from which my Defign was taken, I fuppofe from its Beauty to be a
•Cock ; it was fhot on the Rocks of Gibraltar , and fent to Mr. Catejby , in London ,
who obliged me with the Ufe of it. Mr* Albin hath not met with this Bird; Mr.
Willughby has deferibed it, but, as I think, I have made fome Amendment in the
Figure ; and it being a Bird of fingular Beauty, which hath never yet appear’d in Co-
lours, I have ventured to Re-publifh it, Mr. Willughby fays, they are found in Ger-
many , Sicily , and Malta , where they are fold in the Poulterer’s Shops ; and Dr.
Shaw in his Hiflory of Barbary , &c. P. 251. fays, tc the Shaga-rag is of the Big-
“ nefs and Shape of a Jay, tho’ with a fmaller Bill and fhorter Legs; the Back is
<e brownifh, the Head, Neck and Belly of a light Green; and upon the Wings and
<£ Tail there are leveral Spots or Rings of a deep Blue. It makes a fqualing
tc Noife, and builds in the Banks of the Shelliff^ Booberak , and other Rivers.”

I think this can be no other than the Bird above deferibed, fo that we are obliged to
Dr. Shaw for letting us into the Knowledge of the Manner of its Building, and that
it inhabits Africa as well as Europe . This Bird is found as far North as Sweden ,

Linneus having placed it among the Animals of that Kingdom, in his Hiflory of
Swedijlo Animals, P. 25. §.73. the Latin Name given to it by natural Hiftorians, is
Gar ruins Argentoratenfs , and Cor nix car idea .

The

2

( 11 ° )

The greater . Bird o/Paradise.

T HIS Bird feemed to me to Be about the Size of a Black-Bird ; the Bill mea-
fur’d an Inch and three Quarters, the Wing when clofed feven Inches, the long
Shafts fpringing from the Rump twenty-feven Inches, the longed of the loft loofe
Feathers fpringing from under the Wings twenty-one Inches ; from Bill-point to the
End of the common or fhorter Feathers of the Tail twelve Inches.

The Bill is pretty ftraight, bending but little toward the Point, of a dirty, yellowifh,
green Colour ; the Nodrils are very near the Head ; the Fore-part of the Head is cover’d
with black Feathers like Plufh or Velvet, with a finning Glofs, which encompafs the
Bill above and beneath $ the Throat or under Side of the Head is cover’d with green
Feathers of the fame plufhy Stru&ure, fhining with a golden Glofs j the upper Part
of the Head is cover’d with other pi ufh-like Feathers of a fine, golden, yellow Colour,
which extend on the Sides of the Neck, and almod encompafs the Green on the
Throat ; the Eyes are fmall and placed very near the Bill ; the Bread is cover’d with
Feathers of the common Structure, and of a fine dark-blueifh Purple ; all the red
of the Body, Back, Belly, Wings and Tail is of a bright-red difh Chefnut-Golour ;
the Infide of the Wings and the under Side of the Tail are of a darker and duller
Brown than the Upper; from the Rump fpring what may be call’d the two middle
Feathers of the Tail twenty-feven Inches long, being only meer Stems of Feathers with-
out any Webs, like Horfe-hairs, but differ and dronger, of a black Colour ; yet near their
Bottoms or Roots, if examin’d, they will be found to have narrow Webs on both Sides
of their Stems or Shafts, for about four Inches of their Length. This Bird is mod: re-
markable for the Plats of Feathers that fpring from under the Wings on each Side, and
extend themfelves a great Way backward, beyond the common. Feathers of the Tail.
Thefe Feathers are of a very fine Structure, exceeding light, and the Webs fo very open,
that they may be feen through like Gaufe. The longer Feathers are of a light-reddifh
Brown, the fhorter (that fall over them) of a very bright Yellow, with a Dafh of Red
at each of their Tips. They fall either above or beneath the Tail, but are fo loofe
as to fhow the Tail through them either Way. It hath Legs and Feet of a mode-
rate Proportion and Strength for its Bignefs, fhaped much like thofe of Pyes or Jays,
of a dark-brown Colour, armed with Claws of middling Strength.

This Bird is preferved at Salter's Cofifee-houfe in Chelfea , and is one of the mod perfed I have
met with. They are brought from the Eaft-Indies , and are generally impeded, which has
caufed them to be varioufly figur’d, and defcribed as different Species. I have feen other Birds
of this Species, which differ from the above defcribed, in that their upper Sides of the Neck and
Back were Yellow ; in having fome yellow Spots on the Covert-Feathers of their Wings ; in
having the longed Feathers of the Sides that form their Train of a light-yellow or whitifh Co-
lour, and their Bills dufky or black, tho’ all fhaped like the above defcribed, and apparently of
the fame Species, I believe there may be found a dozen Defcriptions of this Bird, and there are
four Figures in PVUlughby , given as fo many diftind Species : But as none of thefe were fatis-
fadory to me, I have given this Figure and Defcription of a perfect Bird, which may more
than anfwer the Purpofeof fo many. Mr. Albin^ Vol. III. pag. 9. of his Hidory of Birds, has
given ns the lad and word Figure of this Bird, which, he fays, is from the Colledion of Sir
Thomas Lowther ; he has given no Defcription of it in Particular, but only extraded from
IVillughby fomething that is faid in general of this Genus. The Inhabitants of the Molucca
Ifiands call them Manucodiat# , that is God's Birds , as Aldrovandus reports. I have not been able
by all my Searches into the Colledions of Naturalids (where l have found many perfed and im-
perfed) to difcover more than one Species of this Bird, with the flame-like Feathers extending
to a great Length from under their Wings.

C The

C

( III )

1 The fuppofed King of the greater Birds of Paradise.

T HIS Bird is figured as near its natural Bignefs as I could draw it. I believe, com-
paratively, it may be about the Size of a Ghafinch, its Bill longer, and its Legs
ftronger in Proportion ; it hath a very fhort Tail, the Wings when doled reaching a
good Way beyond it.

The Bill is pretty ftraight and fomething {lender, of a yellow Colour, about an Inch
long, if meafur’d to the Slits or Angles of the Mouth. The Eyes are fmall, placed on
each Side the Head, juft over the Angles of the Mouth. The upper Mandible ofthe
Bill is half Way cover’d with Feathers, like Velvet, of an Orange-Colour. The
Head is cover’d with plufh-like Feathers, (which is a Charaderiftick of this Genus) the
Neck, Back, upper Sides of the Wings and Tail have Feathers of the common Make,
allfrom Head to Tail of a full red Colour, a little inclining to Chefnut, beautifully
glofly ; the under or forward Part . of the Neck has a Mixture of Black blended with the
Red, like the black Throat of a Cock-Sparrow ; the Infides of the greater Feathers of
the Wings are of a reddifh Yellow, lighter than they are 'above ; the inner Covert-
Feathers of ^the Wings are white; the under Side of the Tail is dufky : Under each
Wing is a remarkable Tuft of Feathers, each confifting of feven or eight in IN umber,
of a dark, blackifh, brown Colour, with very fine, glofiy, green Tips, each Feather
having a tranfverfe Bar, or Line of a whitifti Colour, parting the green Tip from the
duiky Part of the Feather. I have extended the Wings in this Figure the better to
fliew thefe Feathers. It hath on the Breaft a half Moon-like Mark, the Points or
Horns pointing upwards, of a dark green Colour, {Lining with' a bright Giofs like the
Necks of Mallards; this Spot is divided from the Neck by a yellowifh light Line,
which paftes tranfverfiy immediately above it. The Belly, Thighs, and Coverts un-
der the Tail are White, tho’ the lower Parts of the Thighs about the Knees aie a little
brownifh. From the upper Side of the middle of the Tail there fprang two ftift, naked
Stems cf Feathers, about fix Inches long, of a dark-brown Colour, tho toward their
Points they were befet on one Side with Webs, and curled round, fo as to form circular
Terminations, flat, and fhining with a changeable Colour partaking of Red and Green,
The Legs are pretty long and ftrong ; it hath four Toes, {landing after the ufual Manner,
all of a dark-brown Colour ; the Claws are ftrong, and of a light Horn-Colour.

All thefe Birds are brought to us from fotne Part or other of the Eafl- Indies, but chiefly, (by
Report) from the Spice-Ifands, poflefled by the Hollanders . That from which this Draught was
taken was a very perfed dried Bird, prefer ved in the Mufeum ot the Royal Society, London , ( Anno
1742). This Bird, I believe, is defcribed by our Countryman Mr. Willughby , P . 96, of his
Hiftory of Birds ; but finding my Subjed differ a good Deal from his Defcription, I imagine
this to be more Perfed, and as the Figure in Willughby is very fmall, and meanly defign d, I
hope this will be more acceptable. I find alfo a Figure of this Bird in a Natural Hiftory, pub-
lifted at Amjlerdam by Albert Seba, Vol. I. Tab. 37. which varies a little from this ; but as that
is a great and very expenfive Work, and not like to fall into the Hands of many oi nry Coun-
trymen, it has not deterr’d me from giving the Publick this Figure and Defcription. I follow
Willughby in giving a Royal Title to this Bird, tho’ I think the before defcrib’d merits that Ho-
nour betLer.

• wuriH

/

( *12 )

*The Golden Bird 0/ Paradise.

T H E Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs ; it hath a pretty long and ftrong
Bill in Proportion to its Size.

The Bill is of a brownifh Colour toward the Head, and black at the Point, which
bends downward a very little. The Eyes feemed in the dried Bird very fmall, (fo as
to be but juft perceptible) placed on the Sides of the Head, pretty near, and juft over
the Angles of the Mouth. Between the Eyes and Bill, and almoft round the Bill, it
has black Feathers like Plufh or Velvet, narrow at the Bafeof the upper Mandible;
from the lower Mandible of the Bill it extends itfelf about an Inch down the Throat.
The Head, upper Side of the Neck, and the Back are cover’d with Feathers of an
exceeding fine, bright, reddifti Orange, or gold Colour, long and loofe on the Neck,
like thofe of a domeftick Cock, and falling a little over the Breaft. The Breaft, Belly,
and greater Feathers of the Wings are of a very beautiful Yellow, or pale Orange ; the
Covert-Feathers of the Wings are Black, with a fmall Mixture of Yellow. The
golden or yellow Colour of this Bird is fo very bright, that it is far beyond my Art to
imitate : The Tail is compofed of twelve Feathers, (it being, I believe, perfect,) of a
deep Black above, and a rufty or fainter Black beneath ; the Shafts of the Feathers be-
neath appearing yellowifh. All the Tail-Feathers have a very narrow Fringe or Border
of Yellow juft at their Tips. The Bird being brought from the Indies without Legs,

I can fay nothing about them, but for the better Grace of the Figure, I have added
Legs and Feet, of inch a Form and Proportion, as I judged moft proper, from my
Obfervation of the other Species of Birds of Paradife , which I have feen with their
Legs perfedr.

This Bird was brought from the Eaft-Indies by my good Friend, Capt. Ifaac Worthy
a Commander in our Eaft-India Company’s Service, who prefented it to me. I take it
to be abfolutely a Non-defcript, and I much regret that it was imperfect in wanting
Legs. I am alfo doubtful, whether fome of the greater Quills have not been taken
away, (for it had only fix or feven in a Wing,) which it is very likely were Black, for
moft Birds have the outer or Pinion-Quills of the Colour of their Tails; but I have
feen more than once in Voyagers, which I cannot recoiled, an Account of the Indians
drying and preparing thefe Birds for Merchandife amongft the military Men in the
Oriental Countries, who ufe them as Plumes for their Caps, which may be the Rea-
fon why moft of thefe Birds are maimed, and deprived of fuch Parts as have no par-
ticular Beauty in them, that they may not cover or obfcure the more beautiful Feathers.

I have given it juft as it appear’d to me, with only the Addition of Legs. This Tribe
feems to me to be rather a-kin to Pyes and Jays, than to the Hawk-Kind, as fome Au-
thors have imagin’d.

The Fly is in the Colledion of Robert Nejbit, M. D. Fellow of the College of Phy-
ficians, and of the Royal Society, London . The Body and under Wings are of a fine
ihinmg Green, having the Luftre of polifhe'd Metal ; the Tips of the Wings and their
under Sides duiky or black; the uppu* Winrs re of a light-brown Colour, very thin
and tun fb are at It was brought fr r

- 94 *

*

( ”3 )

The Pyed Bird u/ Paradise.

T HIS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs, but as the Plate would not
take in the Length of the two extraordinary long Feathers of the Tail, I have
added a Draught in fmall, to fhow the Proportion of the Tail to the Body. Thefe
long Feathers of the Tail are each of them fifteen Inches long.,

The Bill is dufky or Black, compreffed like a Duck’s Bill, fo that the Angles of
the Mouth are at a good Diftance, which inlarges the Swallow. At the Bafe of the
upper Mandible are placed ftiff, black Hairs, Sanding out forward like the Smellers
in Quadrupeds ; the Eyes are placed over the Angles of the Mouth ; the Head and
Neck are wholly Black, having a Creft of loofe (lender Feathers bending backward,
which I fuppofe it can either ere<d or let fall on the Neck at Pleafure. The Body (ex-
clufive of the Wings) is wholly White. The prime Quills are black, except a little
Whitenefs at their Roots or Bottoms, as is what is called the Baftard-Wing, which
covers their Bottoms} the Quills that are next the Back are Black in their middle Parts,
border’d all round their Edges with White, as is the Row of Covert-Feathers im-
mediately above them 5 the lefTer Covert-Feathers of the Wing are white, with a very
fine Dafh of Black drawn down the Middle of each Feather } the Covert-Feathers
within Side of the Wings are purely White. The Tail is long like that of aMagpye,
the Feathers gradually increafing in Length from the Sides to the Middle; the two
middle Feathers (hooting out to a great Excefs, being about ten Inches longer than the
other Feathers. The Tail-Feathers are White, the (hotter, tipped and bordered with a
Fringe of Black; the long ones have each a fmall Da(h of Black at their Tips. The Shafts
of the Tail-Feathers are Black, except fo much of the long Feathers as (hoot beyond
the Shorter. The Legs and Feet are of a Lead-Colour, the Nails or Claws of the
fame; the Legs are rather (lender than ftrong in Proportion ; the Feet are like thofe of
the King’s-Fifher, the middle and outer Toe on each Foot being join’d together al-
moft to the Claws, and the middle and inner Toe to the firft Joint.

I have feen three of thefe Birds preferved dry in London , and they being all in the Hands
of my Friends, I have been favoured with the Ufe of thetn to complete this Draught and
Defcription. One of them is in the Cabinet of Sir Hans Sloane , Baronet ; the other in that of
Dr. Mead , and the third in the Hands of the Family of the late curious Mr. Dandridge. I
muff acknowledge that this Bird has been defcribed by Mr. Pefcver, (fee his Defcription in Ray’s
Sinopjis Methodica Avium , P. 193. Tab. 2. N°. 13.) but as his Figure is fmall, and not cor-
red, and his Defcription too brief, I hope the curious will not think my Labour loft. In Albert
Seba’s Natural Hiftory, Vol. I. P. 48. the crefied moft rare Bird of Para dife, and P. 85. the black
and white Oriental Bird of Paradife , both feem to be the above defcribed, differing, as I take it,
only in Age or Sex. Tho’ the above Authors have placed this Bird with the Manucodiata , I
can by no Means agree with them ; it being generally different, in having no Velvet-like Fea-
thers about the Head, no gay or fhining Colouring, and the Feet weaker and of a quite dif-
ferent Strudure, as well as in having ftiff long Briftles or Hairs above the Angles of the Mouth.
I have not much examin’d into the Merits of Sebal s Figures and Defcriptions ; they may be
very well *, but as his Hiftory is an expenfive Work, and not publifhed in our Country or Lan-
guage, his having publifhed any Subjed can be no good Reafon why I fhould not give an ori-
ginal Figure with a Defcription immediately from Nature, in our own Language.

The

( ”4 )

The three Toed Woo d-P ecker.

T HIS Figure reprefents the Bird juft of the Bignefs of Life ; it agrees In Mag-
nitude with our greateff fpotted Wood-Pecker, or Fire-tail, as it is in feme
Places call’d.

Its Bill is fhaped as in all others of this Genus, (being as it were cut off at the Point,
where it has fomething like the Edge of a Chifel in a perpendicular Direction) of a
dirty Flefli-Colour, Black at the Point; the NoHrils are cover’d with fluff black Fea-
thers growing forwards over them ; the Crown of the Head is of a Gold Colour.
The Sides of the Head, the upper Part of the Neck, the Back, and upper Side of
the Tail and Wings are Black ; from behind the Eyes proceed faintifh white Lines tend-
ing downward ; from the Angles of the Mouth there proceed alfo white Lines palling
beneath the Eyes. On the hinder Part of the Head, in the Middle of the Back, and
on the Rump, fome of the black Feathers have white Tips ; the outer or greater Quills
are fpotted on their Webs with white Spots, the Spots fmall on the outer Webs, and lar-
ger on the Inner; the middle Quills are Black, but thofe next the Back are variegated
Black and White, as are the three outermoft Feathers on each Side of the Tail ; the
under Side from Bill to Tail is White ; the inner Coverts of the Wings, and the
Sides of the Body are variegated with tranfverfe waved Lines of Black and
White. The Legs, Feet and Claws are of a brown Colour. What is moil ex-
traordinary in this Bird is, its having only three Toes, two Handing forward and one
backward ; all others of this Tribe I have met with having two forward and two
backward. The back Toe on this Bird, in Confideration of its being Angle, is ffronger
than either of thofe forward, and is armed with a longer Claw. This Bird may be
known from all others, the Feet being Angular, and the only one I have met with,
with Feet fo formed : There are indeed many Birds with only three Toes on a Foot,
but they have them all Handing forwards.

Two of thefe Birds were brought from Hudfon's-Bay by Mr. IJham , and another
I have feen in the Hands of Mr. Henry Baker , F. R. S. which all agreed in the
Stru&ure of their Feet, as well as in other Refpe&s. I had imagin’d this Bird to be
a Non-defcript, but believe I am miffaken ; for happening to fee a Natural Hiffory of
the Animals of Sweden , by Carol, Linneus , publifhed at Leyden , Ann, 1746, I find a
Wood-Pecker deferib’d, P. 30. which very nearly anfwers my Defcription. He
gives its Name and Place thus : Pi cm pedibus tridadlylis , Habitat in alpibus Dalekar-
licis . This he extracts from Acad. Stockholm> 1740, P.222. So that it is an Inha-
bitant of the very Northern Parts both of Europe and America, As the above-men-
tioned Author has given no Figure of this Bird, this Draught is, I believe, the firff
that has been e> hibited.

The

D

( Ir 5 )

The American King ’s-F isher.

H IS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs, In its general Make, and the
Shape of the Bill and Feet it agrees with the European King’s-Fifher, but it
hath a Tail longer in Proportion.

It hath a firong Bill of a black, or dufky Colour, except that Part of the lower Man-
dible which joins to the Head, where it is of a reddifh Flefh-Colour ; the Noftrils
are placed pretty near the Head ; the Eyes are juft over the Angles of the Mouth : The
Head is of a blueifh Lead-Colour ; on the Crown are loofe, long pointed Feathers that
form a Sort of Creft. It hath two white Spots on each Side of the Head, one be-
tween the Noflril and the Eye, and the other a little under, or behind the Eye. The
Throat and under Side of the Neck is White; which Whitenefs forms a Sort of Col-
lar that almoft meets on the Neck behind ; below this White the Bread: is Lead-Colour,
as is the whole upper Side, Neck, Back, Wing, and Tail. Six or feven of the prime
Quills are blaekifh, having fmall white Spots on their outer Webs, which all toge-
ther form tranfverfe Lines of White. The Remainder of the Quills outwardly have
white Tips, as hath the Baftard-Wing, and the Row of Covert-Feathers immediately
above the Quills ; the outer Quills have their inner Webs White toward their Bottoms ;
thofe fucceeding them are indented with Dufky and White on their inner Webs. The
inner Covert-Feathers of the Wings are White, with a little Mixture of Orange-Co-
lour. The Tail is of a lighter Lead-Colour beneath than it is above, all the Feathers
are tipped and tranfverlly marked with narrow Bars of White; the Belly, Thighs, and
Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White. The Sides under the Wings are of a reddifh.
Orange-Colour, which is intermixed with the White on the Sides of the Belly. The
Legs are very fhort, and bare of Feathers a little above the Knees ; the middle and
outer Toes are joined as in others of this Tribe; the Legs and Feet are of a reddifh
Brown, the Claws dufky.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon' s-Bay by Mr. IJham (where it appears in the
Spring and Summer) Mr. Catefby , in his Natural Hiftory of Carolina , &c. has deferr-
ed this Bird as an Inhabitant of that Country. Marcgrave , in his Hiftory of Brafil y
P. 194, has deferibed and figured a Bird, which I take to be this, tho’ his Defcrip-
tion is too brief, and his Figure bad. It feems by what has been faid, to be an Inha-
bitant of the greater Part of America , and may perhaps extend itfelf to the utmoft
Southern Bound of that Continent ; fince it is not colder in Terra del Jus?o y beyond
the Magalenick Strait, than it is in Hudfon’s-Bay y where this Bird was taken. On
examining Mr. Gatejbf s Figure and Defcription, and comparing it with mine, I have
Reafon to think he drew his Figure from a Female, or a young Bird not arrived at its
Beauty ; for I^find many Marks in mine not difcoverable in his, which is the Reafon
I have given this Figure, Defcription, and farther Account. Marcgrave' s BraJUian
Name is Jaguacati-guacu

The

( "6 )

! The Horned Indian Pheasant.

HpHIS Bird is about the Bignefs of fome of our largefl Poultry, or of a middle

JL Size, between a Hen and Turkey ; for Shape of Body and Proportion of Parts
pretty much like a Turkey, and may be ranged with Fowls of the Poultry-kind.

The Bill is fhaped like a Hen's, of a brown Colour, more dufky towards the Point,
The Noflrils, Fore-part of the Head, and Space all round the Eyes are cover'd with
{lender black Feathers, refembling fhort Hairs; the Top of the Head is Red ; from
above each Eye tending backward (as fhewn in the Figure) fprings a Horn, of a callous,
fiefhy Subftance, round in Shape, of a fine blue Colour, and ending with a bluntifh Point 3
from the lower Mandible of the Bill hangs a Flap of loofe Skin down the Fore-part of
the Neck, of an exceeding fine blue Colour, with Spots and Marks of Orange-Co-
lour on it ; bare of Feathers on the upper Side, but the under Side, which is detach-
ed from the Neck, is cover’d with fmall black Feathers, as is that Part of the Neck
that is cover’d by it; without Side of this Flap, down its Middle, is another loofe
black Skin, joined to it, as it were, by its Edge only, and thinly befet with black Hairs.
This Skin is of a wrinkled and foft Texture, and I believe the Bird may be capable of
dilating or contra&ing it at Pleafure, after the Manner of the Turkey-Cock. The Fi-
gure mufl: help my Defcription, the Head of this Bird being different from any Thing
I have met with ; the Neck and Bread: is of a full Red, inclining to Orange ; a little
Black is intermixed on the Neck behind ; the Bread: and lower Part of the Neck be-
hind is thick fet with fmall white Spots, each Spot encompaffed with a Ring of Black.
The Back, Wings, Tail and under Side, are of a pretty bright, yellowifh, brown Colour ;
which, round the Bottom of the Neck, gradually foftens and intermixes with the R.ed,
The Back and Wings have fmall tranfverfe waved Lines of a darker Brown ; the
white Spots on the Back, Wings, Tail and Belly, from being round, become gra-
dually of the Shape of Drops of Pearl, with their fbarp Ends towards the Bird’s
Head, and the blunt Ends backwards. Thefe Spots are all encompaffed with Black;
the Thighs are Brown, with tranfverfe dufky Lines ; the Legs and Feet are like thofe
of a Cock, of a whitifh Colour. It had Spurs, by which I judge it to be a Cock
Bird.

This Bird’s Plead was fent ia Spirits from Bengal in the Eaft- Indies, to Dr. Mead , together
with a Draught of the whole Bird ; and as the Head, which had the whole Neck to it, agreed
with the Drawing, I fuppofe the whole was pretty well performed ; for which Reafon I have
ventur’d to pubiifh this Draught, tho’ the principal Part only be drawn by me from Nature, the
reft be : ng Gopied from that Drawing. The Tail appear’d, in the Original Draught, a little
brufhy at the End, as if broken off by being kept in a Cage or Coop : It was in Length, of the
Proportion I have here given it ; but 1 imagine this moft rare and curious Bird, in its Per-
fection, has the Tail- fomething, if not a great Peal longer; fo that I have left it doubtful by
calling it behind a Tree. I believe this Capital Bird has not been defcribed by any Author.
The Learned and Curious Dr. Mead received with the above, other Drawings, in their natural
Colours, of a great many rare Indian Birds, which I am fatisfied are all from Nature; but as I
have profeffed to give Draughts and Defcriptions of Things only fiom Nature, I could not
indu’ge the Inclination I had to make them publick, The Original Drawing is under-writ the
Napaul Pheafant ,

fbc

( Ir 7 )

The Lon g-t ailed Grous from Hudfon’s-Bay.

T HIS Bird is of the Bignefs of a Pheafant, or rather of the black Game,
(called the Heathcock or Grous with us) of which Genus it is a Species.
This I was informed was a Hen ; the Cock, my Author tells me, is of a blacker
Colour, and glofly on the Neck. There is the fame Difference between the Cocks
and Hens in our Heath Game.

It hath the Bill like that of a domeftick Hen, of ’ a black or dufky Colour $ the
Head and Neck are of a bright reddifh Brown, variegated with tranfverfe waved
dufky Lines. Above and beneath each Eye, and on the under Side of the Head the
Feathers are of a light-brown, or whitifh : The Feathers on the Back, Wings and
Tail are Black in their middle Parts, indented with a bright Brown on their Sides,
and tranfverfly marked Black and Brown at their Tips, which forms a confufed broken
Appearance of Black and Brown tranfverfly mixed all over the upper Side of the Bird.
The Covert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are dufky and white, mixed in tranf-
verfe Lines ; the outward Coverts, of the Wings, and the Quill- Feathers next the Back,
have white Tips 5 the prime Quills have Spots of White along their outer Webs;
the inner Webs of the Quills are Afh- Colour, and without Spots. The Tail hath
the two middle Feathers longer by near two Inches than thofe next them j they all
gradually fhorten toward the Side-Feathers. The three outermoft Feathers on each
Side are White. The Bread: from Brown gradually becomes Whiter as does the Belly,
Sides under the Wing, and Covert-Feathers under the Tail. The Bread is fpotted
with half- Moon-like black Spots, but on the Belly the black Spots are fhaped like
Hearts, and extend to the Coverts under the Tail. The Legs are cover’d with fine
Feathers, that look like Hairs, of a whitifh-brown Colour, tranfverfly variegated with
dufky Lines : The Toes and Claws are of a dufky blackifh Colour : Each Toe is pecti-
nated on both Sides, as are the Toes in all this Tribe of Birds.

l his Bird was brought by Mr. IJham from Hudfon' s-Bay> where it is called a Phea-
fant 5 its long Tail and Colour agreeing very well with our Hen Pheafant, and the
Male of this Bird may perhaps refemble the Cock Pheafant as nearly. I fuppofe,
when living, it had a red Space above its Eyes in Form of Eye-brows, as all of this
Genus have j but as I could not make them plain in the dried Bird, I have omitted
thern in my Figure and pefcription. I believe I may pronounce this Bird a Non-
defcript. Dr. Michel, aPhyficianof Virginia , now in England , on feeing my Ori-
ginal Draughts of this Bird, fays, they have the fame in the Woods and unfrequented
Parts of Virginia , and that the Cock is a ftately Bird, walking very ereCt.

The

jj8

( ”8 )

The Black and Spotted Heath-cock.

\

'"T^HIS Bird is of a middle Size, between our Pheafant and Partridge, feemingly
X of a longer-made Body, and having fomething a longer Tail, in Proportion,
than the common Partridge.

The Bill is like that of a Hen, or Pheafant, of a dark Lead-Colour, Black toward
the Point; the Nodriis are cover’d with black Feathers. The Eye-brows appeared
of a red Colour, tho’ the Skin was dry. The Fore-part and under Side of the Head
is Black ; it hath between the Angles of the Mouth and the Eyes, on each Side, a
white Spot, and another behind each Eye; from the Corners of the Mouth there
pafs white Lines under the Eyes, which beyond the Eyes tend downward, and meet
below the Throat, fo as to encompafs all the black Feathers that cover the under
Side of the Head and Throat. The Feathers on the Top of the Head, along the
Neck, Back, and Coverts of the Tail, are variegated with black and dufky Brown,
or Afh-Colour, in Semi-Circles, following each other within the Verges of the Fea-
thers, and thereby forming a broken tranfverfe Mixture on the upper Side. The
outer Covert-Feathers of the Wings are variegated like thofe on the Back, but the
light Mixture is rather Brown than Afh-Colour; the Quills of the Wings are Black,
or Dufky, edged with Brown ; the inner Coverts of the Wings are Dufky, with white
Tips. All the Feathers of the Tail are Black, with Orange-colour’d Tips. The
Bread: and Belly are Black ; the lower Belly and Thighs are Black, Brown and White
intermixed. The Coverts under the Tail are White, with half-Moon-like Spots of
Black : The Sides under the Wings, Dufky and Brown tranfverfly mixed. On each
Side, round the Joints of the Wings when clofed, are- fome white Feathers very
agreeably broken into the black Feathers on the Bread and Belly. The Legs are co-
ver’d down to the Feet with flender Feathers of a brown Colour, tranfverfly mixed
with fine waved Lines of Black; the Toes and Claws are dark Brown, the Toes
toothed on their Borders; the hinder Toe is fo obfeured by the Feathers on the Leg
as not to be vidble.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon\-Bay by Mr. IJham , where it is called the
Wood-Partridge . It is plainly of the Heathcock, or Grous Kind, and is, I am confi-
dent, the Male of one I have publifhed in my fird Volume of Birds, P. 71, by the
Name of the Brown and Spotted Heathcock ; that differing from this judas the Hen
in our black Game differs from the Cock : So that I have not the lead Doubt in myfelf,
but that the Bird here deferibed, and that at P. 71, are Cock and Hen. This Bird;
I believe, has never been figured or deferibed.

E

2te

( ri 9 )

*Ihe Mountain Partridge.

T HIS Bird is properly a Pigeon or Dove, tho’ it has gained the above Name in
Jamaica. It was drawn from a Bird brought alive from Jamaica to London ,
and is, figured in the Plate, of its natural Bignefs.

The Bill is fhaped like thofe in other Doves, blackifh from the Point half its
Length, the Remainder toward the Head, with the Knob over the Noftrils, of a fine
Red. The Eyes have their Irides of a fine bright Yellow, and are encompaffed
with a Skin, bare of Feathers, of a fine Scarlet-Colour ; which Skin reaches from
the Eyes on each Side to the Corners of the Bill. The Feathers joining to the upper
Part of the Bill, on the Forehead, are of a Clay-Colour ; the Remainder of the Head,
the back Part and Sides of the Neck, are of a fine, dark, reddifh Purple-Colour, fhin-
ing with a changeable Glofs; the Fore-part of the Neck is of a reddifh Clay-Colour.
From the Angles of the Mouth there pafies a white Line under each Eye ; it is alio
White on the Throat, or under Side of the Head. At the Bottom of the Neck, juft
at the Joint of the Wing, on each Side, is a fmall Plat of White tranfverlly placed.
The Back, Wings and Tail, are of a reddifh Copper-Colour ; the Covert-Feathers
of the Wings are edged with a lighter Copper-Colour ; the Breaft, Belly, Thighs,
and Covert-Feathers under the Tail, are of a lightifli Yellow, or Clay-Colour. The
Legs and Feet are made like thofe of other Doves, having Toes on each Foot, placed
after the ufual Manner : Both Legs and Feet of a red or Role-Colour ; the Claws are
brownifh.

This Bird was the Property of my good Friend Mr. John Warner , Merchant, at
Rotherhith , near London , who permitted me to make a Drawing from it. Tho’ it hath
already been well defcribed by my worthy Patron Sir Hans Sloane , Baronet, in his
Hiftory of Jamaica , VoL II. L*. 304. Yet, as it has never appeared in its Native Co-
lours, I have ventured here to publifti it, and to complete my Defcription fhall bor-
row the following Account from Sir Hans Sloane. “ The Stomach was pretty large,
“ and filled with a Sort of Bay-Berries, call’d Sweet-w'ood Berries ; it was not very
4t mufcular, neither was there any Thing extraordinary in the Entrails of this Bird;

they are found in the woody Mountains near the Angels, where they feed on Ber-
4< ries. They are accounted very good Food : They build their Nefts in low-bough’d
ct Trees, and make them with Sticks laid crofs one another, on which is placed
“ Hair and Cotton; they are made fo little, that the Young when feather’d fall out
" of them on the Ground, and are there fed by them.” See the Figure, Natural
Hiftory of Jamaica , Tab. 261* Fig. 1.

The

i%o

The Cw/ American Martin.

HIS Bird is figured of its natural Bignefs. On comparing it with our Black

Martin or Swift, it feem’d to be fomething bigger bodied, but not altogether
fo long winged. The Bill and Legs are bigger and flronger in Proportion than I have
obferved them to be in other Birds of this Genus.

The Bill is flronger than what is obfervable in the Swallow-kind, having a fmall
Angle on each Side of the upper Mandible toward its Point ; both the upper and
lower Mandible are of a dufky or black Colour, and very broad toward the
Head, whereby the Throat is enlarged 5 the Noftrils are round, and placed near the
Forehead : The Eyes are almofl over the Angles of the Mouth, which are cleft

pretty deep ; at the Bafe of the Bill both above and beneath are whitifh Feathers. The
Head, upper Part of the Neck, Back, Rump, and Covert-Feathers of the Wings
are Black, with a (Lining Purple Glofs. The Throat and Bread are cover'd with dark
grey Feathers ; the Quills of the Wings and the Feathers of the Tail are of a dufky
Black with brownifh Edges \ both Quills and Tail are fomething lighter beneath ;
the Covert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are dufky, with whitifh Edges 5 the
Ridge of the Wing is whitifh ; the Sides under the Wings are dufky. The Belly,
Thighs, and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White, a little clouded with a dufky
Colour. The Legs, Feet and Claws of a dark or blackifh Colour. The Legs and
Toes longer than in our Black Martin or Swift , the Legs are not feather'd, nor the
Toes flan ding all forward as in the Swift ; but three are forward and one backward;
the middle and outer Toe being join’d as far as the firfl Joint.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon's-Bay by Mr, IJham, and I believe it differs from any
Thing yet defcribed, tho’ on a fuperficial View it may very eafily be taken for our Black Martin
or Swift : Yet in the Bill and Feet 1 find a very material Difference. Poffibly it may be the Ta -
pera of Marcgrave\ See his Hiftory of Brafd , P. 205. Mr. Catesby , in his Natural Hiftory
of Carolina , hath figured and defcribed two American Swallows altogether different from this,
the one figur’d, Vol . I. P. 51. call’d the Purple Marlin , the other Vol. II. in the Appendix,
P. 8. call’d the American Swallow. Sir Hans Sloane has alfo mentioned a Swallow in his Na-
tural Hiftory of famaica , which he imagines may be the fame with our Black Martin or Swift .
I think it muff appear very plain to Naturalifls, that the above defcribed differs fpecifkally
from our Swift. The Name the Northern Americans give it is Sajhaun Pajhu.

The Fly, I take to be a Kind of Fire-Fly, and that Part on his Head, the Lanthorn. The
Wings are all flat, and the upper ones hard and fnooth like thofe of the Beetle or Scarabeei
Kind, of which it is a Species, The Body and lower Wings are Orange- Colour, except the
Tips of the Wings, which have a broad Border of Black •, the upper Wings are Green, varie-
gated and fpotted with Yellow ; the yellow Spots and Marks having fmaller Spots within them
of an Orange-Colour. The under Side is colour’d and fpotted as the above, but not fo bright.
This Fly was brought from China , by Captain lfaac Worth.

( 121 )

! The American Nightingale.

T H E lower Bird figur’d in this Plate is the American Nightingale , whole na^
total Bignefs is the fame as in the Picture.

As I have been very preeife in figuring the Bill, I need only fay, that the upper
Mandible is of a dufky or blackifh Colour, and the under one of a Flefh-Colour;
the Nodrils are placed clofe to the Feathers of the Forehead; the Top of the Head,
upper Side of the Neck, the Back, and upper Sides of the Wings and Tail are of a
dark, greenifh-brown Colour; tho’ the Rump and Borders of the Wing-Feathers are
more of a yeilowifh Green. The under Side from Bill to Tail is of a dirty Orange-
Colour; the inner Covert-Feathers of the Wings, and the inner Webs of the Quill
and Tail-Feathers are of the fame Orange-Colour. From above the Angles of the
Mouth there pafles a dufky Line through each Eye, and from beneath the Angles of
the Mouth there paffes under each Eye another dufky Line. From the Noflrils there
pafs Lines of Orange above the Eyes. The Legs, Feet and Claws are of a dirty
Brown or blackifh Colour, formed as in mofl other fmall Birds.

This Bird was brought from Jamaica by Mr. Harper , Surgeon, late of Plaflow in EJfex. It
differs from any Defcription I can find, but comes neareft to the Spanijh Nightingale in Sir
Hans Shane' s Hiftory of Jamaica , Vol. II. P. 299. to which he gives the Latin Name Icterus
Minor Nidum fuf pendens.

*The Green Sparrow, or Green Humming Bird.

T H E upper Figure in the Plate reprefents this Bird of its natural Size. The
Bill is long in Proportion like that of a King’s-Fifher ; much broader, then
deep like a Duck’s Bill. It is ridged along the Top of the upper Mandible; the Nof-
trils are plac’d on each Side of the Ridge near the Head ; the upper Mandible is of a
dufky Brown, the Lower of a yellow or Orange-Golour. At the Bafe of the Bill
are placed fliff black Hairs or Bridles flanding forwards. The whole upper Side of
the Bird from Bill to Tail-end, is of a very fine Parrot-Green. The inner Coverts
of the Wings are White: The infide of the Quills, and the under Side of the Tail are
of a brownifh Afh-Colour. Five or Six of the prime Quills are Dufky or Black at
their Tips. The Throat is of a very fine Red: The Bread, Belly, Thighs and Co-
vert-Feathers under the Tail are White, a little diaded with a pale Green. The Legs
and Feet are of a dufky Colour, the Toes joined as they are in. the King’s-Fifher.

This Bird was brought from Jamaica by Mr. Harper , and is what Sir Hans Shane has def-
erred by the above Name, Vol. II. P. 306. of his Hiftory of Jamaica . There was brought
another of the fame Species with this, which I fuppofe was the Hen, its Colours being not fo bright.
This Bird belongs to the fame Genus with that deferibed, P. 113. of this Book, call’d the
Pyed Bird of Paradife , tho’ they appear fo unlike, and came from fucli diftant Parts of the
World. The Compreflion of the Bills, the Briltles at their Bafes, and the Strudure of the Feet
.are fufticient Arguments to prove their Kindred. Its Latin Name in Sir Hans Shane's Hiftory,
is, Rubecula viridis elegant ijfima.

2

#

( 122 )

The Black and Tellow Creeper.

T he upper Figure in the Plate reprefen ts this Bird of its natural Size. The
Shape of the Bill, Size of the Bird, and its Make in General agreeing with our
Creeper [Cert hi a ]- 1 thought proper to give it the above Name.

The Bill is flender, fharp-pointed, and a little bowed downward like a Scythe,
Black of Colour, and the Noftrils fmall. The Head, Neck, Throat, Back, Wings
and Tail are of a full black Colour. Over each Eye pafles a Line of White. The
Bottoms of the greater Quills next the Belly and the inner Coverts of the Wings are
White. All the Tail-Feathers, except the two Middle ones, are tipped with White.
The under Side of the greater Feathers of the Wings and Tail are dufky. The
Breaft, Rump, and Border of the Wing where it falls on the Bread: is of a fine bright
Yellow, a little inclining to Gold-Colour. The Thighs, lower Belly, and Covert-
Feathers under the Tail are of a pale Yellow, or white Colour. The Legs and Feet
are Dufky or Black. The Toes, (four in Number) handing after the ufual Manner.

This Bird was brought in Spirits with others from Jamaica , by Mr. Harpur , I take

it to be a Cock Bird, and believe the Hen of it hath been defcribed by Sir Hans Sloane , and is
what he calls a black and yellow Bird, ( Lufcinia feu Philomela e fufco et luteo Varia.) Sloane's
Natural Hiftory of Jamaica , Vol. II. P. 307. Tab. 259.

The American Hedge-Sparrow.

N OT readily knowing what Tribe to refer this Bird to, I have given it the
above Name, tho’ its Bill is thicker and ftronger than in the Curruca eliotce, It
is drawn of its natural Size in the lower Figure of the Plate.

The Bill is pretty ftrong, (tho’ not like thofe of the granivorous Kind) fharp at
the Point, and bowed a little downward, of a black Colour. The Head and Neck
are of an Afh-Colour, a little inclining to Green : The Back, Wings and Tail are
of a brown Colour ; the Xnfides of the Quill and under Side of the Tail more cineri-
tious, or Alh-Colour. The Breafi, Belly, Thighs, Covert-Feathers within the
Wings, and under the Tail, are White, clouded with a dufky Colour. The Legs,
Feet and Claws are form'd after the ufual Manner, of a brown Colour.

This Bird was brought from Jamaica by Mr, Harpur , and is one of the plained: Birds I
have met with, having hardly any Mark by which it may be characterized. I cannot find
that it has been before defcribed.

The fmall white Moth is EngUJh ; it is White above and beneath, except a Dafh of Brown
down the upper Side of the lower SeChon of the Body, and Orange-Colour at the Tip of the

The

%

( *23 )

The Greatejl Bulfinc h-C ock.

HIS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs. The Shape of the Bill and
the Colour of the Bread agreeing with our Bulfinch, I fuppofe them both to

belong to the fame Genus.

It hath a pretty ftrong Bill ; the upper Mandible arched and over-hanging the
Lower a little, (but not fo remarkably as in Parrots) is of a black or dulky Colour.
The lower Mandible is of a reddifh Flefli-Colour next the Throat, the Point is Black.
The whole Head, Throat, Bread and Rump, are of a very fine Red, or Scarlet-Co-
lour.There paffes from the Nodrils (which are covered with dulky Feathers) to the Eyes,
on each Side, a blackifh Line. The Hinder-part of the Neck and Back is covered with
black Feathers tipped with Scarlet, which makes a beautiful Mixture. The Wings
are Black ; the greater Quills next the Back are tipped and bordered with White :
Thofe next the Belly have narrow Borders of Red : The fird and fecond Rows of
Covert-Feathers are tipped with White, which form two oblique Bars of White acrofs
each Wing. The lefler Covert of the Wings are a little fringed with Red. The In-
fides of the Wings, Sides under the Wings, Belly and Thighs are of a light Afh-
Colour ; the Covert-Feathers under the Tail are whitifh. The Tail is Black above,
and inclining to Adi-Colour beneath ; the Legs, Feet and Claws are formed and dand
after the ufual Manner, all of a blackifh, brown Colour.

Two of thefe Birds, which I take to be Male and Female, were brought from
Hud/on’s-Bay by Mr. JJham who told me, they continue all the Winter there ; which
is an Argument of their being very hardy Birds. Nature feems to have given them
drong and hooked Bills, the better to enable them to provide for themfelves, by
pecking out the Buds of Trees and Shrubs that are hardly vifible in the rigid Win-
ters of North America. It is not common to meet with Birds of fo gay a Colour in
Climates fo far North, for it is obfervable, that in very Northern Countries, Birds have
no Colours but White, Black, or Brown, and that they are all Water Birds j few or
no Land Birds being found by the Whale-fifliers in Greenland.

a

The

-I

( 12 + )

The Greateft Bulfin ch-Hen.

T his Bird is here reprefented of its natural Bignefs.

The Bill is drong and hooked as in Parrots, tho’ not fo fuddenlyj the
upper Mandible i's Dufky, the Nether Flelh-coloured, but ending Black at the Point.
The Nodrils are cover’d with whitifh Feathers ; at the Root of the lower Chap of
the Bill, and under the Eye, are alfo fome whitidi Feathers j the Top of the Head,
Rump, and Covert-Feathers of the Tail are of a reddifh Orange-Colour j the Sides
and under Part of the Head is of a light-brownifh Yellow. The Hinder-part of the
Neck, the Back, Wings and Tail are of a dark Brown inclining to Black. Some
of the greater Quills next the Back are border’d with White. The firft and fecond
Rows of Covert-Feathers on the upper Sides of the Wings are tipped with White,
and form two white Bars acrofs the Wings obliquely ; there is alio a little White
on the Ridge of the Wing where it falls on the Bread. The Infides of the Wings,
and the Sides under the Wings are of a light Afh-Colour the Fore-part of the Neck,
the Bread, Belly, Thighs, and Coverts under the Tail are Alh-Colour, a little inclin-
ing to light Rofe or Blodom-Colour ; the Legs, Feet, and Claws are formed as in
others of this Kind, all of a dirty, brown Colour.

This Bird was brought with the foregoing from Hudfon’s-Bay , by Mr. IJham.
By its Likenefs to the former, I take it to be its Hen, tho’ pofhbly it may be a
younger Bird not arrived to Perfection.

Since I drew thefe Birds, I happened to fee at Mr. Collet's (N^erchant in Well-
Clofe-Square, London) two of thefe Birds alive in Cages: He told hie they were fen t
to him from Norway 5 they had moulted their Feathers with him, and were not after-
ward fo beautiful as they were at fird. One of them was feemingly colour’d like
our Green -Finch [Cbloris]. A S' wedijh Gentleman, lately in London^ on feeing thefe
Drawings, told me, they were Birds of his Country, and gave me their Names,
which I have lod : So that they prove to be Birds common to the northern Parts
both of America and Europe . I believe they have never been deferibed.

<rhe

( 125 )

The Blue Gros-Beak from Angola.

HIS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs, which agrees with the Size

£ of the common Gr os-beak or Hawfinch, \Coccothraufies vulgaris ] of which Ge-
nus it is a diftincft Species.

The Bill is very flrong, thick at its Bafe, and (harp-pointed, tho’ ending in an
Angle not very acute ; of a Lead-Colour, with the lower Mandible lighter than the
Upper. The Eyes are of a dark Hafel-Colour, the Pupil Black. The Bill is encom-
paned above and beneath with black Feathers $ narrow on the Forehead, on the Sides
reaching back to the Eyes, and beneath the Bill reaching about an Inch down the
Throat. The Head, Neck, Back, Rump, lefier Covert-Feathers of the Wings, and all
the under Side of the Bird are of a very fine deep blue Colour. On the Top of the
Head the Feathers are longer than ordinary, and form a little CreA on the Hinder-
part of the Head. The greater Feathers, or Quills in the Wings, and the Row of
Covert-Feathers next above them are Black ; yet thofe Quills that fall next the Back
of the Bird, and the firfl Row of Coverts above them have blue Edges. The Tail
is wholly Black on the upper Side, and of a fainter or duiky Black beneath, as are
the greater Feathers of the Wings. Its Legs and Feet are rather little and weak than
flrong in Proportion to the Bignefs of the Bird. The Legs, Feet and Claws are all
of a Black, or dark Lead-Colour.

This Bird was brought with feveral others alive from Lijhon , by Mr. Paul Mar-
tyn, a Gentleman who had been in the Portuguefe Settlements abroad. While he
was in London , he lodged at the Houfe of Mr. G-oodchild , a Dealer in Hard- Wares,
in Cannon-Street , where he obliged me with the Sight of all his curious Birds, from
which I made Daughts : And he was fo good as to write Notes under each of
them for my better Information of their Natures. Under the above he wrote as fol-
lows. tc The P or tuguefe call it Azulam-, this Bird is only to be got on the Coafl
“ of Angola , in Africa , a Settlement belonging to the P or tuguefe - 3 it is chiefly
** efleemed for its Docility and Colour”. I believe, I may venture to pronounce this
Bird a Non-defcript, as I have been at fome Pains to examine our Natural Hiftorians,
andean find nothing like it. I have placed it on a Branch of a Cherry-Tree (which I
-copied from Nature) by the Way of contrafling the Colours.

The Butterfly in this Plate is KngHJ}j y and of the natural Size. Its Body is brown j
the lower Wings are of a yellowifh White, dotted with Black round their Borders ; the
upper Wings are half White next the Body, the other Half is of an Orange-Colour,
and bordered with Black at the End. there is alfo a fmall Spot of Black in the
/Orange-colour’d Part of each Wing. ,

The

( 126 )

The Snow-Bird from HudfonVBay.

T HIS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs, and agrees exa&ly in Size
and Shape with our great Pyed Mountain-Finch, or Brambling, \Montifrin-
gitla Major J of which Genus it is certainly another Species, if it be not that very
individual Species itfelf, changed to this white Colour by the Coldnefs of the Northern
Climate.

The Bill is of a brown Colour next the Head, and blackifh at the Point : The
lower Mandible has on each Side an Angle, which is received into Cavities or Dents
on the Side of the upper Mandible 3 . in the Roof of the Mouth is a Knob or Rifing
as in the Bunting and Yellow-Hammer : (I have alfo obferved the fame in our greater
Pyed Mountain-Finch, tho’ it be not taken Notice of by Authors,) which is fuppofed
to help them to bruife or break hard Grain. The Head, Neck, and whole under
Side of the Bird is White, except a fmall black Spot on the Hinder-part of the Head.
The Back and the Feathers immediately covering the Tail are Black, the Rump be^
tween them is White. The Quills for the firft three or four next the Back are Black,
the next to them (or the Middle ones) are White, the longed or outermoft Quills
are Black at their Tips and White at their Bottoms. All the Covert-Feathers of the
Wings are White, except a few that fall over the black Quills next the Back ; the Co-
vert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are alfo White. The Tail is compofed of
twelve Feathers, the fix middlemoft are Black, and three on each Side are White,
with a fmall Dafli of Black down their Shafts at the Tips. The Legs, Feet and Claws
are of the common Stru&ure in fmall Birds, all of a black Colour.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon’s-Bay by Mr. IJham . He fays, it is one of the
firft fmall Birds that appear in the Spring, while the Earth is yet cover’d with Snow,
which has given it the Name of Snow-Bird. In Linnaeus' s Hiftory of Swedijh Animals
this fame Bird is defcribed and figured, fee P. 73, Avis nivalis. Tab. 1. Fig. 194,
Co that this Bird proves to be equally an Inhabitant of Europe and America . Some
Time fince being inform’d that there were fome Snow-Birds brought alive from Hud -
fon'$-Bay\ I went on board a Ship to fee them, and found them to be no other than our
Great Pyed Mountain-Finch. This was about the latter End of September ^ when the
perfedt Whitenefs and Blacknefs was changed into a brown and yellawifh Colour, with
fome White ; fo that I believe this and ours do not fpecifically differ, but that they
are changed White in the extreme Cold and Northern Parts of the World, as moft other
Animals are during the Winter Seafon. Mr. Catejby in his Hiftory of Carolina , Vol. I.
P. 36. has figured and defcribed a much fmaller Bird than this by the fame Name : Flis
Defcription is, ts the Snow-Bird. The Bill of this Bird is White, the Breaft and
“ Belly White, all the reft of the Body Black, but in fome Places dufky, inclining to
Lead-Colour. In Virginia and Carolina , they appear only in Winter, and in Snow
“ they appear moft”. The common Magpye was brought from HudfGn’s-Bay with
this Bird.

G

The

( I2 7 )

The Dominica n-C ardinal.’

T H I S Figure is of the natural Bignefs of the Bird. It hath
Legs and Feet rather ftrong than weak in Proportion to its

Size.

The Bill is of a moderate Size, the upper Mandible dusky or Horn-
Colour, the Lower whitifh. The Eyes are Black with dark Hafel-co-
lour’d Irides. The whole Head is of a very beautiful Red, or Scarlet-
Colour, which Colour reaches down the Fore-part of the Neck or
Throat, as far as the Breaft, and ends in a Point. The upper Side of
the Neck, the Back, Wings and Tail are all of a black Colour. The
Quills that fall next to the Back are border’d round with White, as
are the Covert-Feathers next above them ; the lefler Covert-Feathers
of the Wings and the Back have a fmall Mixture of Grey, the Feathers
being as it were finely fringed with Grey. The Tail-Feathers are edged
with White. The Sides of the Neck, Breaft, and whole under Side
as far as the Tail are purely White. It hath four Poes, three ftanding
forward and one backward, after the ufual Manner, ail of a brown
Colour. In brief it may be defcrib’d thus, the Head is Red, the up-
per Side Black, and the Nether White.

This Bird was brought alive from Lisbon by Mr. Paul Martyn ,
who put the following Note under my Drawing. u Called tne Do-
minican Cardinal. This Bird is found only in the Brafils , at a great
Diftance from any Habitation”. I believe this Bird hath never been yet
figur'd, tho’ I find a Defcription of a Bird in Marcgrave' s Hiftory of
Brafily under the Name of Guiratirica, P. 21 1, that can be no
other than the above defcribed, and any one that will compare his
Defcription with mine, will, I dare fay, be of my Opinion. Our
Countryman Mr. Willughby has tranflated Marcgrave s Defcription of
this Bird, which he calls the American Bullfinch : See his Defcription
in his Ornithology, P. 14 7- §• n- As I had an Opportunity to draw
this Figure from the living Bird, and the fore-mention’d Authors not
having given us any Draught of it, I thought it worthy of Publica-
tion, and truft that the Publick will be of my Opinion. I have heard
of feveral of them being brought to London fince I finifhed my
Draught. rhe

5 , . ; .

ft vm

( 128 )

The Green Gold-Finch.

T HIS Bird is reprefented as near its natural Bignefs as I could draw it, and I
believe, that on Comparifon, it will be found to be about the Bignefs of the
common Gold-Finch.

The Bill is pretty thick at its Bafe, and ends in a fharp Point, a very little bending
downward, of a white or light-yellow Colour. The Fore-part of the Head all
round the Bill, as far as the Eyes, and a little deeper on the Throat, is cover’d with
Feathers of a fine Scarlet-Colour. The Top of the Head, and Hinder-part of the
Neck are Afh-colour’d. The Back, Rump and Wings on their upper Sides are of a
yellowifh green Colour ; the greater Quills fomething darker than the other Feathers,
as is common in moft Birds. The Tail is partly of a dufky Colour when fpreadj
the Edges or Borders of the Feathers being of a Red-Wine-Colour, fo that when the
Tail is clofed it appears Red. Below, and on the Sides of the Red on the Throat, the
Feathers are of a light-yellow Green, which gradually becomes White on the Bread:
and Belly. The Green on the Forefide of the Neck, and the white Bread and Belly
are variegated with tranfverfe Lines of a dufky Colour 3 the Covert-Feathers under
the Tail are wholly White. The Legs and Feet are made like thofe of other fmall
Birds, and of a Flefh- Colour.

This Bird I take to be an undoubted Non-defcript, but I cannot trace its native
Country. It was when living the Property of Her Royal Highnefs the Princefs of
Wales , and I underftand it was a finging Bird. After its Death it was duffed, and
fet on a Pearch, by the Princefs’s Order, and fent to the curious and obliging Mrs.
Cannon, (Midwife to her Royal Highnefs) whofe Goodnefs favour’d me with the Ufe
of it, in order to draw it, and has promis’d to procure from the Princefs an Account of
its native Place.

This great, white, black, and red Butterfly is from China , and is in the Collection
of Robert Nesbity M. D. Fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians, Londony and of the
Royal Society, who favour’d me with the Ufe of it. The Head, Body, Horns and
Legs are of a blackifh Colour : The upper Sides of the Wings are of a yellowifli
White, except the Tips, and outer Ridges of the longer Wings, which are Black, having
fome oblong Spots of Red or deep Orange inclofed in the Black, and fome black Spots
and Streaks inclofed again by the red Spots. The under Side of the longer Wing is
half White next the Body, the Remainder toward the Tip of a brownifh Colour,
mixed or clouded a little with Dufky 5 the under Side of the fhorter Wing is of a dirty
White, or brownifh Colour, with a broken confufed tranfverfe fmall Mixture of a darker
Brown, or dufky Colour.

Pie

( 129 )

Two Sorts of Linnets from Angola.

T HESE Birds are here reprefented of their natural Size : For Shape, Action,
Similitude of Parts, and Note, they feem to agree with our Linnets.

The upper Bird hath the Bill Brown, or of a dirty FI efh- Colour, the lower Man-
dible is lighter colour’d than the Upper ; the Bill hath a Border of black Feathers
quite round its Bafe, which is narrow on the Forehead, reaching to the Eyes on the
Sides, and under each Eye, and a little Way down the Throat. Above and beneath
the Eyes joining the black Feathers are fome white Spots. The Eyes in both thefe
Birds are like thofe of Linnets. The Head, Neck, Back, and leffer Covert-Feathers
of the Wings are of a brownifh A£h-Colour, with Spots intermixed of a dark or
dufky Colour. The Quills of the Wings, and firft Row of Coverts above them are
of a dark Brown or dufky Colour, with narrow yellow Edges or Borders; the Tail is
of the fame dark Colour : The Feathers tipped with light Grey or White: The

Breafl, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are of a dull Orange-
Colour without Spots, lighter on the Breafl, and darkening gradually to the Hinder-
part : The Rump, and Covert-Feathers of the Tail are of a bright-yellow Colour.
The Legs, Feet and Claws in both thefe Birds are of a Flefh-Colour.

The lower Bird hath the Bill fhaped and colour’d much like that above. The
Sides of the Head are of a light Clay-Colour, with a dark Line paffing from the Bill
through the Eyes : The Top of the Head, the Neck all round juft below the Head,
the Back, Wing and Tail are of a redder-brown Colour than the Bird above; the
Head, Back, and leffer Coverts of the Wings are fpotted with darker Brown; the
Breafl, Belly, and all the under Side are of a lighter Brown, fpotted with a brown
Colour, fomething darker. The Rump and Coverts of the Tail are of a fine Yellow.
The Quills, fir ft and fecond Rows of Coverts of the Wings, and the Tail-Feathers
are all tipped with White.

Thefe Birds were brought alive from Lijbon by Mr. Paul Marty n. He wrote under
the Drawing of the lower Bird. te It is called Benguelinha , and is a Bird very much
« efleem’d for its agreeable Note, and reckoned amongfl the Portuguefe one of the beft
“ finging Birds that comes from their Settlements on the Coaft of Angola in Africa ”
Under the upper Bird he wrote. (C It is call’d Negral or Tobaque , and comes likewife from
<c the Coaft of Angola , and is much efteemed for its Note, mimicking much the Singing
«* of the j Benguelinba” . According to the great Likenefs of thefe two Birds I fhould have
taken them for Cock and Hen, but the above-named Gentleman was not of that
Opinion, becaufe they both fung in their Cages in London . I believe, I may pro-
nounce them Non-defcripts.

The

( * 3 ° )

The Painted Finch.

T HESE Birds are both the fame ; the one not arrived at its perfedt Colour,
and the other perfedt ; they are figur’d of the Size of Nature 5 their firfl Ap-
pearance of Colours when they are young is very plain, being of a dark-brownifh
Colour on their upper Sides, and lighter on their under Sides, with a Tindiure of
green ifh Yellow.

The upper Bird in the Plate is in its perfedt State of Colour. The Bill is Black,
except a little Flefh-Colour at the Bafe of the lower Mandible : The Eyes are of a
dark Hazel-Colour, the Eye-lids all round of a fine Scarlet-Colour ; the Head and
upper Part of the Neck is of a very fine deep-blue Colour. The Back is of a fine
yellowifh Green on the upper Part ; the lower Part of the Back and Rump is Red :
The Wings have their leffer Covert-Feathers in the upper Parts Blue ; beneath them a
few Orange-colour’d ; the Row of Coverts immediately above the Quill-Feathers, and
moft of the Quills that fall next the Back are Green to outward Appearance, thofe
Parts of the Feathers that are cover’d being Dufky 5 fome of the longer Quills that fall
next the Belly are wholly Dufky. The Tail-Feathers are of a dufky Colour edged
with Green. The whole under Side from the Bill to the Covert-Feathers under the
Tail is of a very fine red Colour 3 the Legs, Feet and Claws (like thofe of other
fmall Birds) are of a brown Colour in all their States and Changes.

The lower Bird in the Plate is of the felf-fame Species as the Upper, but not arrived
at its perfedt Colours : The Bill and Eyes are as in the above, but without red Eye-
lids: The Bird appears to be wholly Blue, but on a near View the Head is of a finer
Blue than the Body and Coverts of the Wings, which are not fo deep, and a little
tindtured with Green. The greater Feathers of the Wings, and the Tail-Feathers
are dufky edged with Blue without Side, and Afh-colour’d within : So that this Bird
in its firfl State refembles a Hen Sparrow, its fecond is Blue, and its laft as the above
defcribed, with many intermixed Stages between each of thefe.

The Right Honourable Lady Anfon obliged me with the Sight of a Cage of thefe
Birds, having a great Variety of Changes of Colour, which in Shape, Adtion, and
Note, appear’d all to be the fame. They were brought from la Vera Cruz y in New
Spai?? y by the Honourable Admiral, Knowles . Dr. Monro has confirmed to me the
• Truth of thefe Birds changing from Blue to their perfedt Colour. Mr. Catefby has figu-
red thefe two Birds as different Species difiindt from each other, not having tl*en dis-
cover’d their Identity: See his Painted Finch , and his Blue Linnet , Vol. I. P. 44 and
45 of his Natural Hijlory ^/Carolina, &c. Albinhas alfo figured this Bird in his Hijlory
of Birds , Vol. I. P.64, but is widely miftaken in its native Place: He calls it the
China Bull-Finch. Mr. Catejby fays, they breed in Carolina^ and generally build in
Orange-Trees, but they leave that Country in Winter. The Spaniards call this Bird
(in its perfedt State) Maripofa-Pintada y or Painted Butterfly .

The

H

( I3i )

The Blue-Belly* d Finch.

I T is here figur’d of its natural Bignefs. It hath the Bill fhaped like that of a'Gold-
finch. The Tail has the middle Feathers a little longer than the Side-Feathers by
a gradual Increafe. Its Adkion is like that of moll: fmall Birds.

The Bill is of a dirty Flelh-Colour : The Eyes are Black, with dark Hazel-co-
lour’d Irides : The Top of the Head, upper Side of the Neck, the Back and Wings
are all of an Alh-colour’d Brown, a little inclining to Purple, unmixed with any
Change or Shade, except that the Ends of the greater Quills are fomething darker :
The Sides of the Head quite round the Eyes, the Throat, Breaft, Belly, Rump, Tail,
and its Covert-Feathers both above and beneath, are all of a fine light Blue or Sky-
Colour ; but on the Sides under the Wings there is a little Brown or Alh-Colour,
which Colour is blended with the Blue on the Sides of the Belly. The Legs, Feet
and Claws have nothing uncommon in their Form, and are all of a brown Colour.

This Bird was brought from Lijbon by Mr. Paul Martyn , who has by his good
Nature contributed much to this Natural Hiftory. He wrote under my Draught
when finilhed, as follows. “ It is call’d by the Porfuguefe, Azulinha, and is brought
“ from their Settlements on the Coaft of Angola , in Africa, and is chiefly efteem d
" for its Beauty”. This Bird was brought over alive, as were all thofe Mr. Martyn
obliged me with the Sight of. It is a very brifk lively Bird, but I did notobferve it to
fing. I believe it hath never been defcribed. By Way of Contraft in Colouring I have
placed it with the under defcrib’d Flower, graved in the Plate with it.

The Narciflus J a c o b e a.

A S the Print exprefles the Shape of the Flower beyond Defcription, I lhall be
filent in that Point. This is about the Size of Nature, but fome Flowers are
fomething larger, and their Stalks longer. The fix Leaves of the Flower are, within
and without Side, all of a moll fine deep Red, or fanguine Colour; the Bottoms of the
Leaves are Green, gradually foftening into the Red ; from the Infide of the Flower
fprings a Stem which parts at Top into a triple Head ; round this are fix lefler Stamina,
with fmall yellow oblong Parts, flicking to their Points ; the Stamina are all Red ; Be-
fore the Flower blows it is inclofed in a dirty red Sheath, which hangs below it, and
withers when the Flower blows; the green Leaves of the Plant grow much in the
Manner as exprefled in the Figure. I drew this Flower from Nature in the Garden
of my Friend Mr. John Warner, Merchant at Rotherhith. This Flower has been
f 2 ured by my late good Friend Dr. DiHeneus, Profefior of Botany in the Univerfity of
Oxford. See his Hortus Elthamerfis, P. 196.

The

( 132 )

The Hooping-Crane from Hudfon’s-Bay.

T HIS Figure is reduced from the natural Bignefs, as may be feen by the follow-
ing Measures : The Length of the Bird from its Bill-point to the Ends of the
Claws is five Feet feven Inches : The Wing when clofed was twenty-five Inches

long; the lower Bone of the Leg, beneath the Knee and Foot, is eleven Inches long.
The Leg is bare of Feathers above the Knee more than five Inches 3 the middle Toe
without the Claw is four Inches long. See the natural Size of the Head at the Bot-
tom of the Figure. The Bill is toothed at the Point.

The Bill is fix Inches long from its Point to the Angles of the Mouth ; the Nof-
trils are placed in Channels on each Side, at about a third Part of the Length of the
Bill from the Head : Both the upper and lower Mandibles are of a yellow-brown
Colour at each of their Ends, and a little Dufky in the Middle: The Top of the
Head and a Line from the Angle of the Mouth palling on each Side, under the
Eyes, are cover’d with a reddifh Skin thinly fet with black Hairs in the Hinder-
part ; but forward next the Bill, and between the Bill and Eye, it is cover’d thicker
with fuch Hairs, fo as to appear Black. Immediately behind the red bald Skin on
the Crown, there is a triangular black Spot on the Hinder-part of the Head, one of
its Points falling on the Beginning of the Neck. The Sides of the Head, the Throat,
Neck, whole Body and Tail are W'hite. The Wings have their outermofr nine Quills
Black, the Tenth hath the outer Web Black, and the inner White; the Remainder about
twenty-fix in Number are wholly White, and thofe next the Back (which almofr
cover the black Quilis when the Wings are clofed) are of a remarkable loofe Texture,
as they are in fome Sort expreffed in the Figure. The firfr Row of Covert- Feathers, fo
far as they cover the black Quills, are Black ; all the remaining Covert-Feathers both
without and within Side the Wings are White; there are fome black Feathers in
the Bafrard Wing. The fmall Feathers on the Membrane that connects the Joints
of the Wing are a little tindhired with Red or Bioffom-Colour, very faint. The Legs
are bare above the Knees ; the outer and middle Toes are joined by a Skin or Web
as far as the firfr Joint : The middle Claw is not pedlinated as in Herons : The Legs
and Feet are cover’d with Scales, all of a black Colour.

This Bird was brought from HudfoAs-Bay , very well preferved dry, by Mr. Iftjam , who in-
form’d me they come into thofe Northern Parts in the Summer Seafon, where they breed, and
return Southward at the Approach of Winter. Mr. Catesby has figur’d the Head of this Bird,
VoL l . P. 75. of his Natural Hijlory of Carolina, &V. He was inform’d, that great Numbers
of them are feen early in the Spring, about the Mouths of .Rivers, near St. Auguftlne in Florida ,
and that they retire to the Mountains in Summer. Our late Difcovery of this Bird in Hudfon’s-
Bay during the Summer, is, I think, a fufiicient Proof that thefe are Birds of PaiTage, and
change their Situation juft as the Stork doth in Europe ; going Northward to breed in the
Summer, and returning to the South at the Approach of Winter. As Mr. Catefl,y has figured
only the Head of this Bird, and I have difcovered fomething more of its Nature, and given
the whole Figure in Miniature, 1 hope it will be acceptable. It is a Crane of the firft Magni-
tude, and altogether different from the European Crane.

The

( *33 )

Ihe Brown and AJh-coloudd Crane.

qn HIS Bird, tho* large, I take to be not a third Part of the Bignefs of the laft
JL defcribed Crane : The Bill is about four Inches long; the Wing when clofed
eighteen Inches; the Bone of the Leg from the Knee to the Foot feven Inches long;
the middle Toe better than three Inches long. I find the Meafures in this Bird do not
' exactly bear the fame Proportions with thofe of the foregoing, tho’ they have each of
them all the Marks that belong to Birds of the fame Genus.

The Bill of this Bird is made like that of the laft defcribed, having a Channel on
each Side, with the Noftrils placed therein ; of a black or dufky Colour, except the
Point of the lower Mandible, which is light Flefh-colour’d. The Top of the Head
from the Bill to the Ear-holes is cover’d with a bare Skin of a reddifli Colour, thinly
befet with black Hairs ; the Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes, and the under Side or
Throat is White ; the Hinder-part of the Head and the Neck all round are Afli-co-
lour’d ; the Bottom of the Neck or Beginning of the Bread:, from Afh-colour gradually
becomes Brown ; the Beginning of the Back and Covert-Feathers of the Wings are
alfo of a light-reddifh Brown, their Tips being fomething darker, which forms an
agreeable Variety; the greater Quills are of a blackifh Brown with white Shafts, thofe
that fall next the Back are Brown, and of a loofe, foft Texture, whofe Points extend
beyond the Prime Quills when the Wings are clofed. In the lower Part of the
Wing there paffes obliquely above the black Quills a whitifh Afh-colour’d Plat of Fea-
thers ; the inner Coverts of the Wings are Afh-Colour. The Tail-Feathers are of a
brownifh Afh-Colour. The Breaft from Brown becomes of an Alh-Colour, which
reaches to the Covert- Feathers of the Tail inclufive, growing lighter in its Advance
backward ; fo that the under Coverts of the Tail are whitifh ; the lower Part of the
Back, the Rump, and upper Coverts of the Tail are of a light Afh-Colour ; the Legs
are bare of Feathers above the Knees, the outer Toe is joined a little Way to the Mid-
dle one ; the Legs, Feet and Nails, or Claws, are all of a black Colour.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon &-Bay by Mr. Ifham y who fays, it is found there only
in the Summer Seafon. Cranes differ from Herons in the following Particulars v in having
the Bill Ihorter in Proportion, and not fo {harp-pointed ; in having fomething of a Baldneis
on the Head ; in having firmer and fhorter Feathers on the Neck and Back ; in having Legs
longer, and Toes fhorter in Proportion, and in not having the middle Claw toothed. ThisYs
to be underflood of the Crane-kind, more ftrictly fo call’d, for fome other Birds have got
the Name of Cranes, which I fhould chuie to make a diftindfc Genus, to which belongs two
forts of crefted Cranes, viz. That call’d the Balearic Crane , and the Numidian Crane , or De-
moifel of Numidia. The laft of fhefe is defcribed in the following Page, and the other in
Page 192 of this Work. I cannot difcover that any Defcription or Figure of this Bird hath
been yet publifhed, fo that I believe I may pronounce it a Non-defcript. The Greater Indian
Crane defcribed, P. 45. of this Work, belongs ftridly to the Genus of the above defcribed, as
well as the foregoing.

The

2

.

I

■

S t f P e S si jfam i ti i a. i Of:

Ihe Demoiselle o/Numidia.

T H E Drawing of this Bird being taken from the Life, as it walked in a Garden,
I could get no Meafures of it ; and (hall therefore give them from the Memoirs
of the Royal Academy at Paris , where a DUTe&ion of it may be feen. “ From the
Point of the Bill to the Ends of the Feet extended, it was three Feet and an half ;
the Beak meafur’d two Inches. (I fuppofe it does not mean to the Angles of the
Mouth, for that, I believe, would meafure more.) From the Thigh-Bone to the Ex-
tremity of the greatefl Toe was ten Inches*'. (I fuppofe this lad Article means from
what we call the Knee to the End of the greater Toe.) The above Meafures
mud be according to the Standard-Foot of Paris . The Bird appear’d to me t bq

fomething lefs than a Heron. It has its Name from its particular Adion in walk-
ing, which refembks Dancing, by its frequent Leaping and turning round, varying
the Motion of its Head at the fame Time.

The Bill of this Bird, tho’ fhort for the Craner-kind, appear’d to me to be longer
than the above Meafure : It is draight and ends in a Point ; the thicker Part next
the Head is. greenifh; in the middle Part it gradually becomes Yellow ; the Point is
Red; the Irides of the Eyes are of a fhining red Colour; the Head and upper Part
of the Neck are Black, except the Crown, which is Grey. Immediately from behind
each Eye fprings forth a Tuft of long, foft, white Feathers, which tend backward, and
hang down behind in a very graceful Manner, and wave with the lead Air
when the Bird is in Motion. The Fore-part of the Neck is cover’d with foft,
long and (lender black Feathers, which fall on the Bread in a very pretty Man-
ner, fometimes clofe, at other Times detached like the Ends of a Lady’s Tippet.
The Hinder-part of the Neck, the whole Body, Wings and Tail are of a blueifh
Adi-Colour, except the greater Quills, which are of a duiky or black Colour ; the
Tips of the Tail-Feathers are alfo blackifh. It hath pretty long Legs, the Feet not
very long, all cover’d with dark or blackifh Scales ; the Claws Black ; the Legs are
bare of Feathers a good Space above the Knees.

Three of thefe Birds were the Property of his Grace the late Duke of Montagu : They were
kept at his Houfe on Black-Heath , where the Duke obliged me with a Sight of them, in order
to take Draughts. We have a Figure of this Bird in the Memoir es de /’ Academie Royale des
Sciences , depufs 1666, jufqu’d 1699, Tome III, Seconds Par tie, P. 1. where an Anatomical
Defcription may be feen of it, as well as a Colledion of all that the Ancients have laid con-
cerning it. Mr. Albin has given a Figure and Defcription of this Bird : See his Numidian -

Crane in his Hiftory of Birds, Vol III. P. 79. which is no more than a very lame and imper-
fed Figure from that of the Academy, with fome Fragments of its Defcription from the
fame Work, as may eafily be feen, if any one thinks proper to compare them. It being a
beautiful Bird, and rate with ns, I thought an original Figure of it, with an immediate Def-
cription in our own Language, would be acceptable to the Curious. I believe the Cock and
Hen differ little or not at all outwardly in this Species, for the above^ mention’d three, and two
more which I faw at Sir Charles Wager’s were all alike. Mr. N. Robert has publifhed a Copper
Plate, with feveral of thefe Birds, in all their dancing Addons, from the Birds kept in the
Royal Managery in the Park of VerfoMes. See his Book of Prints from Nature of the Birds
in the Managery, &c. publifhed at Paris , Anno 1676.

I _ The

The Jjh-coIouP d Heron from North- America.

HIS Bird differs from our common Heron in being fomething bigger, and of

a browner Afh-Colour on its Back, in having no white Feathers on its Fore-

head, or black Spots on its Sides below the Bottom of the Neck. Some of its Mea-
fures are as follows ; from the Point of the Bill to the Angle of the Mouth full fix
Inches; the Wing when clofed is eighteen Inches long; the Leg Bone from the Knee
to the Foot fix Inches and a half ; the middle Toe to the End of the Nail or Claw
five Inches and a Quarter : The Legs bare of Feathers above Knee three Inches.

The Bill is ftraight, fharp-pointed, and toothed both above and beneath toward
the Point. The upper Mandible is channelled and Black of Colour, the Noftrils
are placed in the Channels and pretty near the Head; between the Noftrit and
the Eye the Skin is void of Feathers, and of a greenifh, yellow Colour ; the lower
Mandible is Yellow, or Orange-colour’d > the Eyes are placed over the Angles of the
Mouth ; the Top of the Head is wholly cover’d with long black Feathers, which
form a Crefi: of feven or eight Inches long, if meafur’d from the Bafe of the Bill
backward ; the Sides and under Part of the Head is White. The Neck is cover’d
with long flender Feathers, of a brownifh Colour, barred tranfverfly with Dufky on
the Hinder-part : The Feathers on the Fore-part of the Neck have broad white
Dafhes down their Middles, being Black on each Side, with reddifh-brown Edges,
which makes an agreeable Variation ; the Back, upper Side of the Wings, and Tail,
are of a brownifh Afh-Colour ; the Covert-Feathers of the Wings are lighter, the
Quill and the Tail-Feathers darker. The Skin that conne&s the Joints of the Wing
in its upper Part is cover’d without and within Side with fmall dufky Feathers with
reddifh Tips. The Sides under the Wings, and the inner Coverts of the Wings are
of a blueifh Afh-Colour ; the Breaft is White, fpotted with longifh black Spots, with
a little reddifh Brown intermixed ;. the Thighs are of a reddifh Brown ; the lower
Belly and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White ; the Back is cover’d with Afli-
colour’d Down, which is hid by the long Feathers fpringing from the Shoulders ; the
Knees and the bare Spaces above them are cover’d with yellow Scales; the Legs,
from the Knees downwards, and the Feet are cover’d with black or dufky Scales ; the
Claws are Black, the middle ones pe&inated ; the outer Toe is joined to the.middle
one by a Web a little Way ; the Toes, efpeciaily the back Toe, are much longer in
Proportion to the Legs than in the Crane-kind.

This Bird was brought well preferv’d from Hudfon’s-Bay by Mr, IJham. I cannot difcover
any Defcription agreeing with the above, fo fhail pronounce it a Non-defcript. This is one of
the biggeft of the Her on-kind But Mr. Catejby has defcribed one of North- America, feemingly
to me, much larger ; he has given a Figure of the Plead only as b'g as the Life *, he makes the
Bill meafure from the Point to the Angles of the Mouth feven Inches and three Quarters ; and
if the other Parts bear Proportion with the Meafures of the above defcribed, it muft be much
bigger than mine. See his iargeft creiled Pleron, P. io. of the Appendix to his Natural IPJlory

Carolina, &c.

2

the

( * 3 6 )

The Bittern from Hudfon’s-Bay.

O N comparing this Bird with a Bittern taken near London , I found it fomething
lefs : The Wing when clofed in this was under twelve Inches ; in the Engli/h
Bird it was full fourteen. In the American Bird, the Bill from the Point to the
Angles of the Mouth was a little under four Inches ; the Leg from the Knee to the
Foot three Inches and a half 5 the Length of the middle Toe to the End of the Claw
was equal to the Length of the Leg. In the European Bird thefe Meafures were all
fomething more. It is very much of the Colour and Make of our Bittern, and hardly
to be known from it but by Comparifon.

The Bill is ftraight, pretty thick toward the Head, leflening gradually to a Point ;
the Top of the upper Mandible, and the Point of the Bill are Black; the Edges of
the Upper, and two Parts in three of the lower Mandible, next the Head, are Yel-
low; the Noflrils are placed in Channels on the Sides of the upper Mandible of the
Bill, which is jagged or pe&inated on its Edges near the Point ; the Eye is placed
above the Angle of the Mouth, which extends backward beyond it. Between the
Noftril and Eye is a naked yellow Skin ; the Top of the Head is cover'd with longifh,
foft, black Feathers; the Sides of the Head with Reddifh ; the under Part or Throat
with white Feathers ; the Neck is cover'd with long flender Feathers, the Hinder-
part Brown, the Fore-part White, fpotted with reddifh-brown Spots, edged with
Black on their Sides, tending downward ; the Back, Rump, Tail, and Coverts of
the Wings are of a bright-reddifh Brown, confufedly variegated with a Mixture of
tranfverfe black Lines. The firft five or fix of the prime Quills are wholly Black ;
thofe next them are Black with reddifh Tips ; the Remainder of the Quills next
the Back are Reddifir and Black like the Feathers on the Back ; the Infides of the
Quills are Afii-Colour ; the Coverts within Side of the Wings are of a whitifh Yel-
low, with faint tranfverfe Lines of Black. The Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers,
under the Tail are whitifh ; the Belly and Thighs are fpotted with longifh Spots,
tending downward, of a red Brown, border’d round and fpotted in their inner Parts
with Black; the Legs are bare a little Way above the Knees; the Toes pretty long
in Proportion to the Legs; the middle Claw is toothed, the hinder Claw very
long, the middle and outer Toe are joined a little Way by a Skin. Both Legs and
Feet are cover’d with Scales of a yellow Colour.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon’s-Bay by Mr. Ifljaniy and I take it to be a
Non-defcript Species. I have ftridtly compar’dit with the common Bittern ; and the.
Curious who would compare this Defcription with that of our common Bittern mav
fee it in Willughbfs Ornithology, P. 283, .

Tie

( *37 )

The Greater American Godwit.

HIS Bird feem’d to be a good Deal bigger than a Woodcock. Some of its prin-

cipal Meafures are as follows ; the Bill is full four Inches long, the Wing when
doled eight Inches and a half, the Leg from the Knee to the Foot near three Inches,
the middle Toe one Inch three Quarters ; the Legs are bare of Feathers one Inch and
a half above the Knee.

The Bill is long, ftraight, and pretty flender 5 the upper Mandible a little longer
than the Nether ; that Llalf of its Length next the Head is of a bright Yellow,
which changes gradually to Dufky, until it becomes Black at the Point. The Nof-
triis are placed pretty near the Head, and the Eyes more diftant from the Bill than in
other Birds. It hath a dufky fpotted Line pafling from the Bill through the Eye ;
above the Eye is a white Line ; the Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes, and the
under Part of the Head are White. The Top of the Head, Hinder-part of the
Neck, Back, and Covert-Feathers of the Wings are of a dark-brown Colour, with
tranfverfe black Lines, mixed in a broken and confufed Manner ; the Rump and
upper Side of the Tail are lighter and of a brighter Brown, barred acrofs with
Black; the greater Quills of the Wings are dark Brown or Black; thofe next
them, and their particular Coverts, are Orange-Colour, powder'd with fmall black
Spots; the Remainder of the Quills that fall next the Rump are Brown and Black
like the Back of the Bird. The Covert'Feathers on the Ridge of the Wing, that
fall over the prime Quills, are Dufky with white Tips : The inner Coverts of the
Wings are Orange-Colour. The Fore-part of the Neck is light Brown, with fmall
black Spots tending downwards; the Bread: is alfo light Brown, with fine dufky
tranfverfe Lines ; the Belly, Thighs, and Coverts under the Tail are of a brownifh
White ; the Sides under the Wings whitifh, with fine tranfverfe dufky Lines ; the
Coverts beneath the Tail have alfo fine tranfverfe dufky Lines. The Legs are bare
of Feathers a good Way above the Knees, the outer Toe is joined to the middle one
by a Membrane; the Legs and Feet are all cover'd with Scales of a dufky or black
Colour.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon'$~Bay by Mr. IJham . It is bigger than any
Bird deferibed under this Name by Mr. Willughby , and differs much in Defcrip-
tion, fo that it may be deemed a Non-defcript. It is called by the Englijh at
Hudfon’$-Bay , a Curlew . See WlUtighbf s Defcriptions of this Tribe of Birds, in his
Ornithology , P. 292, 293.

The

t

f( *3 8 )

c lhe Red-breajled God w 1 T.

T HIS Bird is fomething lefs than the laft defcribed. The Bill
Meafures a little more than three Inches ; the Wing when clofed
is feven Inches and an half long; the Leg from the Knee to the Foot
two Inches and a quarter ; the middle Toe one Inch and half. It feems
to be full as big or rather bigger than a Woodcock*

The Bill is long and ftraight, the Noftrils are placed pretty near the
Head ; the Point of the Bill is Black, then becoming Dusky, the bet-
ter half next the Head is Yellow ; from the Bill on each Side pafles a
dusky mixed Line through each Eye, and a whitifh Line above each
Eye ; the Sides of the Head and Throat are White, with fome faint
dusky Spots ; the Top of the Head, the Neck all round in its upper
Part, (but in its lower only behind,) and the Back are cover’d with
dark Brown Feathers variegated with black dusky Lines ; the Rump
is White, the Tail of a blackifh Brown, the Feathers being tipped with
whitifh Afh-Colour; the prime Quills of the Wings are blackifh-brown
with white Shafts ; there is alfb a little Whitenels on the Edges of their
Webs near their Bottoms ; the other Quills that fall toward the Back
are of a reddifh- Brown and Black, interchangeably pe&inated into each
other on their Webs; the Covert- Feathers immediately above the Quills
are Brown, having White Tips ; the lefler Coverts on the out-fides of
the Wing are light Brown ; the inner Coverts are dark Alh or blackifh ;
the fmalier ones near the Ridge are tipped with White ; the lower
Part of the Neck, the Bread:, and Belly are of a reddi£h Orange-Co-
lour, with fmall tranverfe Lines of Black. On the Sides, Thighs and
Coverts under the Tail, fome light Afh-Colour is intermixed with the
Orange and Black. The Legs are bare of Feathers above the Knees ;
the outer and middle Toe are conne&ed by a Membrane a little Way.
This Tribe of Birds has its Toes pretty broad and flat at their Bottoms,
the better to Support them from finking in Sand and wet Grounds, Inch
<as they frequent. The Legs, Feet and Claws are Black.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon\*-Bay by Mr. Ijham , and differs very greatly
,in Colour from any of this Genus yet defcribed, they all of them having white or
light-colour’d under Sides j fo that I think, it may juffly be counted a Non-defcript.

K The

( *39 )

The White-Godwit from Hudfon’s-Bay.

^l^HIS Bird is of the Size of the Red-breafted Godwit laft defcrib'd, and its
JL Meafures agree pretty nearly therewith, except the Bill which is rather longer,
and turns upward toward its Point, like that of the Avofetta \Recurvirofta.\ See the
Hindermoft of the two Birds figured in the Plate.

The Bill is of an Orange-Colour, but Black at the Point; it bends gradually up-
wards like a Scythe, and isjuftly reprefented in the Figure. The Plumage of this
Bird is White all over, excepting the Tail, the greater Quills, and the fmall Feathers
on the Ridge of the Wing, which are of a dirty or yellowifh White ; the Covert-
Feathers within Side of the Wings are light- brown; the Legs are bare above the
Knees; the outer Toe is joined to the middle one; the Legs, Feet and Claws are all
of a dark Brown Colour.

This Bird was brought from Hudforis-Bay by Mr. TJham . We have in England a
Bird of this Genus, (perhaps the very fame) with a turn-up Bill ; of a brown and black
Mixture above, and light-colour’d beneath. I take the White Godwit to be changed
by the Coldnefs of the American Winter, and that it returns again in Summer to its
Brown Colour.

The White Red-shank or Pool-Snipe.

I H I S is the Bird /landing foremoll in the Plate, and is reduced in Size to the
JL fame Proportion with that behind it. The Bill is above two Inches long ; the
Wing when clofed near leven Inches.

The Bill is Black at the Point, all the reft of it being Orange-colour’d. The Plu-
mage is all White, except a little tranfverfe Mixture of pale Brown or dirty White
on the Back, Wings and Tail; the greater Quills are of a darker Shade of White
than the other IVing Heathers ; the inner Coverts of the Wings have fome faint Spots
on the White; the Legs and Feet are of a bright reddi/h Orange-Colour ; the Legs
are bare above the Knees; the three forward Toes feem to be all webbed together as
far as the flrft Joint..

This Bird was brought from Uud/on's-Bay by Mr. Ijham. I am confident from its
Shape, Size, Proportions, and its faint Marks, that it can be no other than the Pool -
Snipe, or Red-Jhank, frequently found in our Country, and only changed White by
the exceffive Cold of the Hudjon’ s-Bay Winter.

I

'

/

Hi.*, spotfrtb Ttovw jj-rorn noyth.

) ■

140

lhvctrr®~5 fy^S

( 14 ° )

7 he Spotted-Plover.

T HIS Bird in Size, Make, and Proportion of Parts agrees with our Green
Plover, having like that only three Toes on a Foot, and all /landing forward.
Its Bill is an Inch long, the Wing when clofed feven Inches and a half; the

Leg from the Knee to the Bottom of the Heel near two Inches; the middle Toe and
Claw near an Inch long.

The Bill is Black, and almoft ftraight, bending a very little downward toward
the Point. The upper Mandible has Channels on its Sides, in which the Noftrils
are placed ; the Forehead is White almoft to the Bill, and only parted from it by a
Line of black Feathers ; from the white on the Forehead proceed white Lines, which
pafs above each Eye, and then tend downward on each Side of the Neck ; then turn-
ing forward, join, and form a white Collar, which parts the Neck and Breaft. The
under Side of the Head and Throat, which is encompafled by the white Line, is
Black ; the Top of the Head, Hinder-Side of the Neck, the Back, Rump, and
Covert-Feathers of the Wings are of a dark Brown or blacki/h Colour, very beauti-
fully fpotted with a brighti/h Yellow inclining to Orange. If a Angle Feather be ob-
served, it is blacki/li with yellow Spots indented all round the Border of its
Web ; the greater Quills of the Wings are of a du/ky Black, the Edges of their
Webs lighter; the Quills next the Back, and the Tail-Feathers are black and brown
tran fverlly, fucceeding each other in Bars ; the Ridge of the Wing that falls on the
Breaft has a mixture of white Feathers with the Du/ky ; the Infides of the Wings are
of a lighti (li- brown A/h-Colour: The whole under Side, from the Collar of White to
the Coverts under the Tail, is of a deep Black, except a few white Spots on the Co-
vert-Feathers under the Tail. The Legs are bare of Feathers a little above the
Knees; the outer Toe on each Foot is joined to the middle one as far as the firft
Joinn It hath only three Toes all /landing forward; the Legs and Feet are Black-

the Toes have a fort of Edges on their Sides, which make them broad at their
J5ottoms.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon's-Bay by Mr. JJham. I fuppofe when it is
living it has a bright /hining Eye, becaufe I find by my Friend Mr. Mam’s Account
that the Engli/h fettled in Hud/on’s-Bay call it the Hawk’s-Eye. It is undoubtedly
a Species of Plover, altogether different and diftindt from any thing which has been,
hitherto defcribed ? and I believe may juftly be received as a Non-defcript*

( 141 )

The Turn-Stone from Hudfon’s-Bay.

T H E Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs. Its Bill is ftraight and fharp
pointed, arched rather on the under Side than the upper, the better to enable it
to turn Stones and Clods from it, in order to feed on Worms and Infe&s that lie un-
der them on the Sea-Shores.

The Bill is Black, except the Bafe of the lower Mandible which is Flefivco-
lour’d ; the Head is White pyed with Black, in the following manner ; a black Line
or Bar pafies over the Forehead from Eye to Eye, and proceeding to the Fore-parts
of the Eyes forms a pretty large black Spot under each Eye, which Spots are joined
by Lines to the Angles of the Mouth. Other black Lines proceed from thefe Spots
down the Sides of the Throat, and join there to a black Collar which encompafifes
the Neck behind, and covers the Breaft pretty deep before, and pafies on the Sides
under the Shoulders or joints of the Wings ; there are alfo fome longifh black Spots
on the Crown and Hinder-part of the Head, tending downwards ; the lower Part of
the Neck beneath the Black Collar is White ; the Back is cover’d with Orange-co-
lour’d Feathers, which are Black or Dufky in their Middles, fo as to make an agreea-
ble Mixture of Black and Orange. The lower Part of the Back is White, below
which is a Half-Moon-like Plat of Black Feathers ; beyond thefe the Covert-Fea-
thers on the upper Side of the Tail are White ; the Tail is Black, but all the Fea-
thers of it are tipped with White. The firft or outermofi: of the Prime Quills are
Black with White Shafts ; the next following are Black with White Tips : the fuc-
ceeding almoft White : Thole that fall over the Back or Rump are Orange and Black,
like the Back, tranfverfiy marked with the Black 5 the firfl Row of Covert-Feathers
change their Colours, according to the Quills they cover, being of the fame Colours
with the Quills ; the lefier Covert-Feathers of the Wings are of a light browmifh
Afh-Colour, with fome White intermixed on the Verge that falls on the black Part
of the Breafi:. Between the Back and Wing is placed a longifh Plat of White Fea-
thers; the Covert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are White; the Belly, Sides,
Thighs and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White ; the Legs and Feet are of a
bright Orange-Colour ; the Claws are Black; the Legs are bare of Feathers a little
above the Knees.

This Bird was brought from Hudfons-Bay by Mr. IJham. Mr. Catejby has def~
cribed one of this Species from the Coaft of Florida : See his Hiftory of Carolina ,
Vol. I. P.72. The Turn-Stone is alfo found on the Weffern Coafl§ of England. See
its Defcription in Willughby, P. 3 1 1. but as Wilhighbys and Catejbf s differ from each
other, and mine widely from them both, I believe them to be three diflindt Species;
the above defcrib’d, at leafl from its great difference, I muff pronounce a Non-
defcript. It agrees very nearly in Size, Shape of Body and Parts with the Turn-
Stone found with us, but differs very greatly in Colour.

The

2

24 ^

( 142 )

'The Red Coot-footed T R I n g a.

T HIS Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs. It is another
Species of an intirely new difcover’d Genus of Birds, firft def-
cribed in the Figure of the Coot-footed Tringa y P. 46 of the firft
Part of this Work.

It hath a longi/h, ftraight, /lender Bill, of an Orange-Colour, with a
black Point ; it is broader than deep, in the Manner of a Duck’s Bill ;
and is channelled on the upper Side from the Noftrils toward the Point.
It hath a light Clay- colour’d Line paffing above the Eye ; the Head,
Hinder-part of the Neck, and the Back are of a reddifh Brown, or O-
range-Colour ; the middle Parts of the Feathers being Dusky, and there-
by forming biackifh Spots all over the upper Side of the Bird. The greater
Quills of the Wings are Black ; the next following Black, with deep
Tips and narrow Edges of White ; the Inner moft that fall next the
Back are Dusky, with broad Orange-colour’d Borders like thofe on the
Back. The firft Row of Coverts next above the Quills are blackifti,
with white Tips, but not fo deep as the greater Quills ; the leffer Coverts
of the Wings are lighter, or of an AflvColour, fome of the Feathers
being a little fringed with White. The inner Covert-Feathers of the
Wings are White with a few faint tranfverfe Lines of a dusky Colour ;
the Rump is White with fome dusky Spots ; the Tail and its Covert-Fea-
thers above are of an Orange-colour’d Brown, the Middles of the Fea-
thers being dusky \ the under Side, Neck, Breaft, Belly, Thighs and
Coverts under the Tail are all of an even dull Red, or Brick-Coloun
The Legs are bare of Feathers above the Knees ; the Toes are
Icalloped on their Sides with a Sort of Web or Skin, that is pretty
ftiflf and bears itfelf out: The hinder Toe has only a fmall Scallop
at its Bottom \ the Scallops on the Toes are according to the Number
of Joints, fo as to indent at every Joint, as they are obferved to do
in the Feet of Coots. They have fmall Claws ; both Legs and Feet
are of a dusky Colour, a little inclining to Green.

This Bird was brought from TIudfoti's-Bay by Mr. IJham, and is plainly a diftinft
Species from that deferihed, T. 46 of this Work, and I believe, may be with Juftice
pronounced a Non-defcript.

The

L

( *43 )

The Cock Coot-footed Tringa,

T H E Bird here figured is of its natural Bignefs. I take it to be the Male of
the Bird deferibed, P. 46. of this Work, by the Name of Coot-footed Tringa ,
it agreeing with that, according to the general Agreements feen between Cock and
Hen. They both differ from the laft defer! bed, in that their Bills are not broader
than deep 5 which Breadth of Bill is manifeft in that, it being compreffed like a Duck’s
Bill.

The Bill is Black of Colour, flender, and ending in a Point. The upper Mandi-
ble is longer than the Nether, and a little bent downward. It hath a blackifh Line
pafiing from the Noftril through the Eye ; the under Side of the Head and Throat
is White; from behind each Eye a Line of Orange-Colour paffes down on each
Side of the Neck, and joins on the Fore-part of the Middle of the Neck beneath
the white Throat. The Top of the Head, Hinder-part of the Neck above, all
round the lower Part of the Neck, Back, and Covert-Feathers of the Wings are of
an Afh-Colour ; the greater Quills are Black, the next to them or middle Quills,
Black with White Tips ; the Remainder next the Back are of a dufky Brown. The
firft Row of Covert-Feathers above the Quills are dark Afh-colouPd with white
Tips; the inner Coverts of the Wings are White with dufky tranfvcrfe Lines; be-
tween the Back and Wing a few of the long Feathers are edged with Orange-Co-
lour ; the Rump is Dufky and White, mixed in tranfverfe Lines ; the Tail is dufky ;,
the Breaft, Belly, Thighs and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White; the Legs
are bare of Feathers above the Knees ; the Legs, Feet and Claws are of a Lead-
Colour ; the Toes are all fcalloped with Webs juft in the Manner of the laft
deferibed.

This Bird was brought with the foregoing by Mr. IJham from HudfoTs-Bay ; and
if it be not the Male of that deferibed in P. 46. (as I fuppofe it to be) it muft be
an older Bird, arrived at its full Perfection of Plumage. This Bird, I believe,
hath never been deferibed. I find Mr. John Ray , in a fmall Treatife fet forth by
him, intitled Englijh Words , with a Catalogue of Englijh Birds and F'ifhes, &c.
when he fpeaks of the Coot, adds as follows, “ Mr. Johnfon of Brigna, near Grota-
“ Bridge , Yorkfljire y fhew’d me a Bird of the Coot-kind, Scallop-toed, and not
“ much bigger than a Black-Bird”. As Mr. Ray has faid fo little of his Bird, it
cannot be determined whether his had any Agreement or not with what I have
detcribcd.

The

MS

144 -

( 14 + )

The Little American W a T E r Hen.

T HIS Bird is here figured cf its natural Size. It is in Shape

and Colour fomething like our Water-Rail, but a little lels,
and differs from it principally in having its Bill but half the Length of
the Rail's Bill.

The Bill is ftraight, pretty thick at its Bafe, ending in a Point ;
the Noftrils are placed in Grooves near the Edges of the upper Mandi-
ble ; it has a little Baldnefs at the Bafe of the upper Mandible, run-
ning into the Forehead, as in the Coot. The whole Bill is of a fine
yellow Colour ; the Bafe of the Bill is encompaffed round with black
Feathers, narrow above, but on the Throat extending downward near
two Inches ; the Sides of the Head all round the Eyes, the Sides of
the Neck, and the Breaft are of a light, pleafant, blue Afh-Colour ;
the Top of the Head, Hinder-part of the Neck, the Back, Wings
and Tail are all of a brown Colour ; the middle Parts of the Feathers
being Dusky, fo that they appear Brown with blackiffi Spots ; the leffer
Coverts of the Wings are wholly Brown ; fome of the middle Quills
and their Coverts have whitifh Edges ; the Edge or Border of the Wing
is White; the Covert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are White,
with faint tranfverfe dusky Lines. The Belly, Thighs, and Coverts
beneath the Tail are White, with a faint Cloud or Shade of Brown ;
the Sides, from the Bottom of the Neck to the Tail are White, with
broken tranfverfe lanes of Black, with a little Brown intermixed ; the
Legs and Feet are large in Proportion to the Bird, and of a dull green
Colour; the Toes are long, the middle Toe being of an equal
Length with the Leg below the Knee ; it is bare of Feathers above the
Knees.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon' s-Bay by Mr. ljham> and I believe, hath ne-
ver been defcribed. I find in Mr. Catejby' s Hift. of CaroHna y &c. Vol. I. P. 70. a
Bird of this Species, which I imagine may be the Hen of the above defcribed. He
calls it the Soree . I have alfo received a {mail Water-Hen from 'Sweden, which comes
very near Mr. Catejby' s, on Comparifon with it: Mine differs principally from Mr.
Catejby' s, in having a blueifh Neck and Breaft, a black Throat, and Ring round its*
Bill, and a whiter Belly.

• • ' The

( «45 )

The Eared or Horned Dob-chick.

T HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of a Teal; it hath fmall Wings, and large
Legs and Feet in Proportion to its Body. I take it to be a Cock Bird, and be-
lieve I have already defcribed its Hen, in P. 96. of this Work, the fecond defcribed
Bird ; the under defcribed differs from that in being a little Bigger, in being more
Buffle-headed, and in having its Colours a little brighter. The Bill from its Point to
the Angles of the Mouth is an Inch and a Quarter long ; the Wing when clofed fix
Inches long ; the Leg an Inch and three Quarters ; the middle Toe two Inches long.
The Bill is ftxaight and fharp-pointed ; the Tip of it White ; the Bafe of the
lower Mandible Flefh-colour’d, the Remainder Black, or Dufky ; the Noftrils are
placed in Furrows ; it hath alfo fome oblique Indentures on the Sides of the lower
Mandible ; from the Corner of the Mouth to the Eye there paffes a Line of Skin,
bare of Feathers, of a red Colour ; the Head is cover’d with long black Feathers,
with a filming green Giofs, and appears much bigger than it is. From behind the
Eyes, immediately on each Side, paffes a Line of long, loofe, yellowifh, Grange-
colour’d Feathers, which aimofl join on the Hinder-part of the Head, and hang a
little downward, and form a Kind of Creft ; the Hinder-part of the Neck and the
Back is o.f a blackifh Brown *, the Coverts of the Wings are Afh-colour’d ; it hath
about thirty Quills in each Wing, fome of the firfb of which are Dufky or Blackifh,
then follow about a dozen White ones; the Remainder of the Quills next the Back
are (like the Back) of a dirty Brown ; the inner Coverts of the Wings are White ;
the inner Web of the Quills within Side, appears alfo Whitlfh ; the Neck fuddenly
appears fmall below the Buffle-Head; the Fore-part of the Neck, and Beginning of
the Breaft is of a reddifli Orange-Colour, a little broken into the White cn the
Bread: ; the whole Belly is White, with a Silver-like Giofs. On the Sides, for the
whole Length of the Body, where the dark Brown of the Back joins with the
White on the Belly, there is a Mixture of dirty Orange-Colour, blended equally into
the Brown of the upper Side, and the White on the Nether. It hath no Appearance
of a Tail. The Legs are placed at the End of the Body, and the Thighs are fo
bound within the Skin that they cannot be moved backward or forward as
in other Birds; fo that, when on Land, the^ muft of Neceffity walk upright. The
Legs are flat and broad, the better to cut the Water; the three Toes that Hand for-
ward have flifF Webs or Fins on each Side of every Toe, and are divided from
each other aimofl to their Bottoms; the hinder Toe has only one little Web; the
Nails on the Toes are broad and Hat, like thofe on human Fingers ; the Legs are bare
knee’d (but not above the Knees) and toothed or jagged cn their Hinder-parts, of a
blueifh Aft-Colour on their outer Sides, and inclining to Fleft-Colour on their Infides.

This Bird was brought from Flttdfon’s-Bay by Mr. FJham y and I believe it to be
a Non-defcript Species, but not confined to America only ; for that defcribed, i P.
96, which I fuppofe to be the Hen of this, was taken near London , but was there
fo rare as not to be known.

2 r%e

( 146 )

The fpeckled Diver, or Loon.

r T 1 HI S Bird appeared to me to be of the Bignefs of a Tame Duck. Its Bill
from the Point to the Angles of the Mouth was three Inches ; the Wing when
clofed was eleven Inches 5 the Leg near three Inches 5 the middle and outer Toes
near four Inches long. I am inform'd that this Bird is the Cock of the Red-Throat -
Ducker , defcribed P. 97 of this Work.

The Bill is ftrait, ending in a {harp Point, and Black of Colour 5 the Feathers
from the Forehead cover the Bill almoft to the Noftrils; the Fore-part of the Head
is Black ; the Hinder-part of the Head and Neck is of a light Alh-Colour ; on the
Fore-part of the Neck, from the lower Part of the Head to the Bread, is a long black
Spot having a changeable Glofs of Purple and Green ; this Spot, or Mark of Black,
is divided from the Afh-Cclour on the Hinder-part of the Neck, by Lines of White,
fpotted with Black, that pafs down the Sides of the Neck, and cover the Sides of the
Bread at the Bottom of the black Throat; the Back, upper Sides of the Wing, and
Tail are cover’d with black Feathers, fpotted with White in fome Parts, viz. on the
long Feathers that fall from the Shoulders, and partly cover the Back, with large
fquare white Spots, which form a Sort of Checkers on the Back; the Covert Feathers
of the Wings are marked with fmall round white Spots ; the greater Quills, Rump,
and Tail are fpotlefs ; it hath fome White on the Ridge of the Wing ; the inner
Covert-Feathers of the Wings are White ; the Sides under the Wings, and the
Outfides of the Thighs are Black ; the Belly is White ; the Coverts beneath the
Tail White, with fome tranfverfe Marks of Black; the Legs and Feet are
Black, but the Infides of the Legs incline a little to Flefli-Colour ; the outer Toe is
equal in Length to the middle Toe ; the three Toes forward are webbed together as
in Ducks; it hath a fmall Web within Side of the inner Toe, and a very
fmall Back-Toe : Its Nails are fiat like thofe of a Man’s Hand 3 the Legs are
broad and fiat.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon's-Bay by Mr. IJham , together with one of
thofe I have defcribed, P. 97. He lays, they are Male and Female. Thefe Birds, are
common to the Northern Parts both of Europe and America ; the above defcribed
being no other than the Lumme of Wormiu r, a farther Account of it may be fee n in
Wilhigkbys Ornithology, P.343. They are fometimes taken by the Greenland Whale-
F fibers, and they are known to breed in Norway . Mr. TJham fays, the Natives of
Mudfon %~Bay call this Bird Moquo*

Tht

M

( *47 )

The Northern Penguin.

T HIS Bird is about the Bigneis of a Tarfre Goofe. The Head and Bill are re-
presented of their natural Bignefs, by which one may the better judge of the
Size of the Bird.

The Bill is comprefifed Sideways, and of a dufky or black Colour : It hath a Knob
or Angle on the under Side, and is furrowed or grooved obliquely on the Sides of
both the upper and lower Mandibles, as the Figure expreffes. The Head and Neck,
(about half-way before, and its whole Length behind,) as alio the Back, Tail and
upper Sides of the Wings, are of a deep Black ; the Feathers are very foft and even,
having a Glofs like Sattin. The Eyes are placed pretty near, above the Angles of the
Mouth, which are deep. Between the Bill and the Eyes, on each Side of the Head,
is a large oval white Spot : The Crown of the Head is very flat, the white Spots
riling on the Sides rather higher than the Middle of the Crown of the Head. The
Prime Quills are Black, the longed: not three Inches and a half long, (See its natural
Size in the Figure.) The inner Qujlls, or thofe next the Body are tipped with White *
The inner Covert-Feathers of the Wing are whitifh; the Bread:, Belly and Covert-
Feathers under the Tail are White; the Feathers on the under Side are of the com-
mon Structure, being more firm than thofe on the Upper. The Legs and Feet are
cover’d with black Scales; it hath only three Toes, all landing forward, and webbed
together. It hath pretty lfrong black Claws.

This Bird I procured of the Mailer of a Newfoundland Fifhing-Veffel, who told me,
it was taken with their Fidi-baits, on the Fifhing-banks of Newfoundland near an hun-
dred Leagues from Shore. This Bird hath already been figur’d and defcribed ; but
the Figure has a Ring round the Neck in Willughby , which is not found in the natu-
ral Bird and the Defcriptions are not clear; it is alfo confounded with the Southern
Penguins , and Mr. Willughby feems to think them and the Northern the lame Birds;,
but I, who have feen feveral both from the South and North, am fo far from being
of . his Opinion, that I fhould rather make them of two d blind: Tribes of Birds.
X he Southern has four Toes on a Foot, tho’ Mr. JVillughby fays Clufus’s Figure is
falfe in having four Toes, whereas it is confirmed to me to be true. The Southern
lias alfo different Wings, and nothing on them to be called Feathers : See one of the
Prime Quills figur’d in the Plate, together with a Quill of the Northern, both being
of their natural Size. See the Penguins from the South, Plate 49 and 94 of this
Work. I have figur’d this Bird principally to fhow, that the above defcribed Bird
i; a diflind Species, if not of a different Genus, from thofe called Penguins , about
the St r eights of Magellan , and the Cape of Good Hope . The above defcrib’d is a
Bird common to the Northern Parts both of Europe and America y it being found
in the Mands of Ferro , belonging to Norway : See what Mr. W Ulugh by has faid and
collected of Penguins in his Ornithology y P.322, 323. All the Penguins have efcaped
Mr. Aib in’s Notice.

The

.

.

I

-

( 148 )

The Arctick Bird, fuppofed to be the Cock..

T HIS Bird in Bignefs Teems to exceed a common Tame Pigeon. Some of its
principal Meafures are as follow : The Bill from the Point to the Angles of the
Mouth is one Inch and an half; to the Feathers on the Forehead only an Inch; the
Wing (when clofed) is twelve Inches long ; the middle Feathers of the Tail are thirteen
Inches long ; the Leg from the Kneedownward is near two Inches ; , the middle Toe
an Inch and a Quarter. This Bird differs from the Gull [Leras] in having a different-
made Bill, and weaker Legs, and fhorter Toes in Proportion to the Legs ; for the
middle Toe in the Gull generally exceeds the Length of the Leg.This being found in
the Northern Parts of America, near the Ar Click Circle , I have for Diftinftion impofed
on iuhe above Name, in Oppoiition to that Sort of Gull with a long Tail, found about
or between the Troptcks , commonly call’d the ‘Tropick Bird ; which is near the Size
of our ArSlick Bird.

The Bill is compreffed Sideways, hooked at the Point, and hath two Grooves on
each Side of the upper Mandible, in the Loweft of which are placed the Npftrils,
which are very dole ; the Point or Hook of the Bill is feparated from the other Part
by a crofs Furrow ; it hath an Angle under the lower Mandible; the Point of the
Bill is Blackilh, the Remainder of a dirty Flelh-Colour ; the Top of the Head is of
a dulky or black Colour ; the Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes, the Throat, Neck .
allround, the Breaft and Belly, are White ; the Thighs, lower Belly, and Coverts
under the Tail are of a llghtr Afli-Colpur ; the' lower" Part of the Neck behind, the
whole Back, the Wings (Both above and within Side) and the Tail are of a darkifh
Affi-Colour ; the greater Quilts and the Tail-heathers being darkifh, approaching to ■
Black. The Shafts of a few of the outermoft of the Prime Quills are White ; the
Wings are very long and narrow when fpread; the Tail-Feathers are fhorteft on the
Sides, and gradually increafe in Length, to the two .middlemoff, which fuddenly
fhoot out beyond the reft to a great Excefs ; the Legs are bare of Feathers above the
Knees; . where they are of a black Colour ; from the Knees to the Feet they are of a
bright-yellow Colour ; the Feet are Black, and the three Toes forward webbed as in
Ducks; the hinder Toe is very final 1 ; the Hinder-parts of the Legs and Bottoms of
the Feet are rough, like a File or Filh-lkin, in a very remarkable Manner ; .it hath but
fmall Claws.

This Bird was brought from Hudfcn’s-Bay by Mr. Ifbam , with one like it; which'
I fuppofe to be its Hen ; tho’ ifhad not the long Feathers in the Tail. They are un-
doubtedly Non-defcripts, and of a Genus, I think, of which I have not met with
another Species. They are fomething like the Peteril Kind in the Bill, .but want the
Pipe-like Noftriis on its upper Part. They have alfo a Back-Toe, whereas the Peterils
have only a Nail or Claw : See the Peterils, P. 89, 90 of this Work. The Englijh

at Hudpon's-Bay call the above defcrib’d a Man oj War Bird. By the Weaknefs of
the Legs and Length of the Wings I fuppofe it to be much on the Wing ; . and I
believe it is provided with rough Feet and Legs, in order to its fi m Handing on the .
flimy Sides of dead floating Fillies, on which it is. likely they feed. .

Ta-

( i49 )

The Arctick Bird, fuppofed to he the Hen.

T H E Bird here figur’d agrees with the laft defcribed (to which I fuppofe it is the Hen)
in the Shape and Make of the Bill, Legs, Feet and other Parts, but in Size it exceeds it
a little *, the principal Difference is, its wanting thofe two long Feathers found in the Tail of the
fuppofed Cock.

The Bill is fhaped and colour’d as in the laft; defcribed y the Head and whole upper Side is
of a dark Afh-colour’d Brown ; the greater Quills and Tail are fomething darker y the Shafts
of fome of the Prime Quills are White, as alfo the inner Webs next their Bottoms, the Tips
being blackifh • the inner Coverts of the Wings are variegated tranfverfiy and confufedly,
with Black, White, and dufky Brown y the Rump is of a reddifh Brown, with tranfverfe
Lines of Black y the Tail hath the middle Feathers a little longer than thofe on the Sides y the
Fore-part of the Neck, Breaft, and Belly is of a light Brown or dirty W hite y the Thighs,
lower Belly, and Covert- Feathers under the Tail have tranfverfe lines of Whitifh, Brown,
and Black y the Legs are bare of Feathers a little above the Knee ; the Legs and Toes are all
Yellow, the Webs Black, being rough on the Hinder-part of the Legs and Bottoms of the
Feet, as in the foregoing.

This Bird, together with the laft, were brought from Hudfon\~Bay by Mr. IJham. At the
Bottom of the Copper Plate you may fee the Head and Bill figured of their natural Rignefs y
this Bird, I believe, has never been defcribed.

The Tropick Bird.

T HIS Bird appears to be of the Bignefs of a Pigeon ; the Wing when clofed is above
ten Inches long y the flying Figure on the Top of the Plate reprefents the whole Bird, the
Head and Foot are (hewn at the Bottom of the Plate of their natural Size y the longeft Feather
in the Tail was full twenty-three Inches and a half long, which is many Inches more than any
other natural Hiftorian has defcribed it to be : In another Bird I found the longeft Feather only
fixteen Inches long.

The Bill is Red, and bigger in Proportion than in the Ar Rick Bird y the Head, Body, Wings
and Tail, both above and beneath are White, excepting the following Spots, viz. a very re-
markable Spot round each Eye ((hewn in the Head of the Bignefs of Life at the Bottom of
the Plate y) the fix outermoft Quills on each Side are Black with white Tips, a large black
Spot beginning in the lefier Coverts of each Wing, and taking in two or three of the Quills
•next the Body y a lefler black Spot on each Shoulder, befide fome fmall Spots or Mixture in
.the white Feathers on the lower Belly y the Tail hath twelve Feathers, fhort on the Outfides,
and increafing gradually to the two Middle ones, which are very narrow, and fhoot out near
twenty Inches beyond the reft y the Shafts of the Tail-Feathers are Black, as are thofe of the
.Covert-Feathers of the Wings, which fall over the black Prime Quills. It hath fmall and weak
Legs and Feet in Proportion to its Size, with four Toes on a Foot, all webbed together, with
a lateral Fin on the Outfide of the outermoft Toe (fee the Foot as big as Life.) The Legs
and Beginning of the Toes are Red, the WYbs and Ends of the Toes Black, as are the Claws.
I have feen another of thefe Birds, fpotted with a Number of fmall black Spots, in the Place of
the larger Beds of Black defcribed in the above. The Legs and Bill appear yellowifli in the
dried Bird, but I am inform’d they are Red in the living Birds.

This Bird h the Property of my good Friend John Vothergill , M. D. who lent it me finely
preferved, Tho’ the Tropick Bird hath often been defcribed, I believe I have made fome
Amendments 4 but my principal Purpofe in figuring it was, to bring the Tropick and Arftick
JdirAs together into one View. Vide Willugbkf s Ornithology , P. 331.

4 * The

■

( * 5 ° )

The W i ld Swan.

T HIS Bird is fuppofed to be fomething lefs than the Tame Swan. Seme of
its Meafures by me taken are as follow; the Bill from its Point to the
Angles of the Mouth is four Inches, from Bill-point to the Eye five Inches, the Leg
below Knee, and the middle Toe, are of equal Length, being each four Inches and a
Half. Th is Bird is reprefented by the whole Figure in the Plate,

The Bill for about Half its Length from the Point is Black ; its*Bafe is covered
with a yellow Skin, which reaches (in Angles on the Sides of the Head) quite to the
Eyes ; the Eyes are alfo encompaffed with Eye-lids of a bare yellow Skin ; the Bill
is hooked at the End of the upper Mandible, and toothed on its Edges, both above
and below, its whole Length ; the Tongue is of a Flefh -Colour, jagged on its Sides
like a bearded Arrow. I found the Plumage of the whole Bird perfedly White and
fpotlefs, th.o\ Willughby fays, the wild Swan hath fome Clouds and Spots of a dufky
Colour. I fuppofe his might be a young Bird not perfectly moulted. When Iliad
taken off the upper Feathers, I found the Skin cover’d with an exceeding fine, foft
Down, of a fnowy Whitenefs. The Legs and Feet are cover’d with fmall Scales of a
blackifli-brown Colour ; it hath three Toes {landing forward, conneded together by
black Membranes, with a lateral Membrane on the Infide of the inner Toe; the
Back-Toe is fmall, the Claws are Black.

Some of thefe Birds were found in our London Markets, in the hard Winter
1739-4°, where I bought the above deferibed. They who would fee its Anatomy
may confult Willughby' s Ornithology , T. 356. My own Experience in this Bird has con-
firm’d to me the wonderful Structure of the Wind-pipe, which enters a Cavity in the
Breail-Bone, and returns from thence again before it is inferted into the Lungs. We
having no Figure of this Bird, I thought it would not be improper to figure and
deferibe it. Willughby has only given a Draught of its Plead. Thefe Birds are
Natives of the Northern Parts, both of America and Europe , there being great Num-
bers of them found in Hudfon' s-Bay, fome of which, brought over, I have com-
par’d with this, and find them to be the fame. I believe the Tame Swan is not found
in America. I have here inferted the Head of the Tame Swan, to fliew how it
differs from the Wild, and to fliew that they afe not the fame Bird, as fome People
fuppofe. There is no Mark of. outward Diflin£lion between the two Species but in
their Bills, which appear plainly in the Figures. The Tame Swan’s Bill is Red or
Orange-colour’d, the Hook at the Point Black, and blackifh on its Edges, and about
the Nofirils ; the under Mandible hath only a little Red on each Side ; it is toothed on
the Edges as in the Wild Swan; the upper Mandible is hollow or finking in on its
upper Ridge, (tho’ Albin in his Figure, Vol. III. P. 91, has made it arched or rifing,
contrary to its Nature ;) it hath large triangular Spots of black Skin between the Bill
and Eyes on each Side; the upper Points of thefe Triangles join to a Knob, or Ex-
crefcence, of a hard, black, flefiiy Subfiance, which runs forward, and over-hangs the
upper Mandible of the Bill. The Legs and Feet of the Tame Swan cannot be diflin-
guifhed from thofe of the Wild, fo that in one View I have here fhown all that is
different in the two Species of Swans.

The

N

( * 5 * )

The Canada Goose

T HIS Bird- in Size exceeds the common Tame Goofe a little.’ Being drawn
as it walked in a Gentleman’s Yard, I could procure no Meafures of it. Its
Make is fomething llenderer, or longer in the Body and Neck, than the common
Tame Goofe.

The Bill is giade pretty much like that of a Tame Goofe, rough on its Edges, and
of a Black, or deep Lead-Colour ; the Eyes are of a dark Colour ; the under Eye-lids
White 5 the Head and Neck are Black, except a white Mark paffing on the under
Side of the Head, which becomes narrower on the Sides, and Ends in Points about
the Place of the Ears \ the Back, Wings, and Part of the Bread: and Belly are of a
dark-brown Colour ; the Edges of the Feathers are fomething lighter, inclining to Afh-
Colour. The Prime Quills are almoft Black. The lower Part of the Back and
Rump is Black; the Feathers that cover the Tail on the upper Side are White ; the
Tail itfelf is Black. The Feathers at the Bottom of the Neck before are White, but
gradually loofe their Whitenefs in the Brown of the Breaft; the Lower Belly,
and the Covert-Feathers beneath the Tail are White. The Legs and Feet feem
to be made like thofe of a Tame Goofe, all of a dark Lead-Colour. It hath four
Toes, three forward and one backward.

This Bird I drew fome Years fince, at the Houfe of my honoured Patron Sir
Hans Sloane , in Bloomjbury. They are found in Canada , and are brought alfo to us
from New England and Hndfoii s- Bay \ I have been inform’d that fome Gentlemen
have lately propagated this Species in England . This Bird is defcribed in Willughbf s
Ornithology , P. 361. and is ill-figur’d in Tab. LXX, but in Tab. LXXI there is a
better Figure of it, which by fome Miflake is call’d the Swan Goofe . Albin in his

Hijlory of Birds , Vol. I. Plate 92, has figur’d a Goofe call’d the Barnacle , and
through Ignorance, or Miftake, has defcribed it, P. 88, under the Name of the Ca-
nada Goofe . Wherefore, in order to re&ify the above Errors, I prefent the Publick
with a new Draught and Defcription immediately from Life. In my Defcription I
have been fomething more particular than Mr. WiUughby ; he calls the Bird Grey,
where I call it dark Brown : It is indeed of a dirty Brown, fomething inclining to
Grey. In the Figure I have endeavour’d to be more corredl, and nearer Nature,
than any former Draught, and hope I have fucceeded. My Friend, Mr. Tfham , has
inform’d me, that great Flocks of thefe Birds appear in the Spring of the Year, in
Hudfon* §-Baf> and pafs a great Way Northward of the Englifh Settlements, where
they are fuppofed to breed ; they return again in Flocks to the Southern Parts before
the Winter comes on. Mr. Catefby has figured the Head of this Bird near to the Size
of Life,

The

( 152 )

The Blue-Winged Goose.

T HIS Bird feemed to me to be rather lefs than the common Tame Goofe,
Some of its Meafures are as follow : The Bill from its Point to the Angles of the
Mouth is two Inches • and two and a Quarter from the Point to the Angles of the up-
per Mandible, that fhoot into the Forehead above the Eyes; the Wing when clofed is
lixteen Inches long ; the lower Part of the Leg, and the middle Toe, are of equal
Length, viz. near three Inches each.

The Bill is made as in other Geefe, and all over of a red Colour; the Feathers of
the Forehead point a little Way down into the upper Part of the Bill, as they do
more or lefs in moil: of the Goofe-kind. The Head, and the greateft Part of the
Neck is White ; the Crown or Top of the Head appears yellowifh, as if finged; the
Hinder-part of the Neck is fpotted with dark Brown or Blackifh. The lower Part
of the Neck all round, the Breaft, Sides under the Wings, and Back, are of a dark-
brown Colour, but it is fomething lighter and brighter colour’d on the Breaft. The
greater Quills of the Wings are of a dufky or blackifh Colour, the inner ones that
fall next the Back are of the fame Colour, but edged with Afh-Colour; the Co-
vert-Feathers without Side of the Wings are of a light-blueifh Afh-Colour, as are
thofe of the lower Part of the Back and Rump. The Tail is of a dark-brownifh
Afh-Colour ; the Infides of the Wings and under Side of the Tail are Afh-colour’d.
The Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White, a little clouded
or fhaded with a dufky Colour. The Legs are bare of Feathers juft above the
Knees; the three forward Toes are webbed together: It hath alfo a lateral Mem-
brane within Side of the inner Toes, as I believe, all Geefe have; the Back-Toe is
fmall, the Legs and Feet are all of a red Colour, the Claws Black.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon\-Bay by Mr. IJham, and I believe, hath ne-
ver been defcribed. It is there a Bird of PafTage, continuing in that Country fo long as
the Waters are unfrozen, and returning into Southern Countries when the Froft fhuts
up its Subfiftance. My Friend, Mr. Light, has told me, there is a Goofe which
comes in Summer to Hudfon’s-Bay, having its Forehead as it were fcorched with
Heat, and that the Natives firmly believe, that thefe Geefe to avoid the Winter’s
Cold, fiy toward the Sun, and approach fo near that it finges its Forehead againft
his Orb. It is hard to convince thefe Savages that there are Climates on this Earth
warmer than their own, to which Birds may fly for Food and Shelter during their
rigid Winters. The above defcribed, I think, muft be the Bird of which the Na-
tives hold this Opinion.

tte

( *53 )

The Laughing-Goose.

T HIS Bird is of the Size of our common Wild Goole : All its
Meafures agree very nearly with the Blue-winged Goofe def-
cribed in the foregoing Page.

The Bill is of a red Colour all over, made as in other Geefe, and
toothed on its Edges both above and beneath ; the Tongue is alfo
jagged on its Sides. The Feathers all round the Safe of the upper
Mandible of the Bill are White ; the reft of the Head and all the Neck
is Brown ; the Crown is darkeft, and approaching to Black. The Sides
of the Head under the Eyes, and the Fore-part of the Neck lighter
Brown. The Back, Wings and Tail are of a greyifh, brown Colour,
the Edges of the Feathers fomething lighter than their middle Parts j
the greater Quills approach to Black ; the firft Row of Covert-Fea-
thers above the Quills are Afh-colour’d, with white Tips ; the lower
Edge of the Wing, that falls on the Breaft and Belly, is alfo Afh-co-
lour’d for fome Breadth the Infides of the Wings and the Sides under
the Wings are of a dusky Brown. The Covert-Feathers on the upper
Side of the Tail are White. The Breaft, Belly, Thighs and Covert-
Feathers beneath the Tail are White, except fome Plats of black Spots
on the Breaft and Belly, beft underftood by the Figure. The Legs,
and Feet are like thofe in the laft defcribed, of a red Colour ; the
Toes in each Foot are four, three forward webbed together, and a fmall
Toe behind that is loofe.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon\-Bay by Mr. I (ham, and I be-
lieve, hath never been defcribed. Tho’ I think I have feen the fame Bird,
in fome hard Winters, to be fold at fome Poulterer’s Shops in the Lon-
don Markets ; fo that I believe this is one of thofe Water- Fowl which
are common to the Northern Parts both of Europe and America. It has
been obferved by many, that there are more Water-Fowls Natives both
of America and Europe , than of Land-Fowls, which cannot fo eafily
pafs over Streights or open Seas from one Country to another.

The

*53

>

( *54 )

The Grey-Headed Duck.

T HIS Bird is of a large Size for the Duck-kind, and feems much to exceed
the common Tame Duck. Some of its principal Meafures are as follow : The
Bill from the Point to the Angles of the Mouth is two Inches ; from the Point to the
Extremity of thofe broad Parts of the Ball of the upper Mandible that fall on each
Side of the Forehead, two Inches and a Quarter ; the Wing when it is clofed, eleven
Inches j the Leg below Knee, hardly two Inches * the middle Toe is two Inches
and three Quarters long.

The Bill is of a red Colour, black or dufky at its Point ; the Bafe of the upper
Mandible, (in its upper Part) extends itfelf into the Forehead, on each Side, in the
Form of a broad, flatthh Bean. At the Root of the upper Mandible the Feathers are
Black, and run into the Bafe of the Bill with three Angles, one in the Middle of the
Forehead, and one on each Side. The Eye is alfo encompaifed with black Feathers,
which end in a Point backward. The Top and Hinder-part of the Head is of a
light-blueifh Afh-colour ; the Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes are of a light
Green ; there are fome black Spots that run in a Line from the Eye down the Sides
of the Head, and part the Adi-Colour from the Green. Immediately joining to the
Bafe of the lower Mandible underneath, the Feathers are Black 5 which Blacknefs di-
vides like a Fork, and paffes on each Side of the Throat ; the Throat between them
being White; the Neck all round, and the Bread: are White; the Back is of a dark
Brown, or black Colour, with a purplifh Glofs ; the greater Quills of the Wing, and
the Feathers of the Tail, are of a dark-brown Colour; the Quills in the Middle, . or
thofe next to the Prime Quills are of a Rlack-fhining Purple, with white Tips,
which form a white Line acrofs the Wing ; the Remainder of the Quills next the
Back, and the fird Row of Covert-Feathers above the Quills are alfo of a dark or
black Colour with a Purple Glofs ; the Idler Covert- Feathers of the Wing are Brown
all round the Border, which falls on the Bread; but in the Middle of the Covert-
Feathers in each Wing is a Plat of White. The Covert-Feathers within Side of the
Wing are White, except a few light-brown Feathers round the Joint or Ridge of the
Wing. The Bread gradually lofes its Whitenefs in the Belly, which is wholly
Black ; the Covert-Feathers of the Tail, both above and beneath, are of a bright-
ening Black ; on each Side of the Tail it hath a remarkable Lrge round white Spot.
The Legs and Feet are of a dirty red Colour: It hath four Toes on a Foot, three

danding forwards and webbed together, and a narrow Web on the Infide of the
inner Toe; the Back-Toe is fmall, with a Fin on its under Side.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon’s-Bay by Mr. IJham> and mud be accounted
amongd the hitherto unknown, unfigur’d, and undefcribed Birds. Its greated
Particularity is the uncommon Stru&ure of its Bill.

The

O

( *SS )

The Great Black Duck from Hudfon’s-Bay.

T HIS Bird is large for the Duck-kind, appearing to me to be bigger than the
common Wild Duck or Mallard . I have taken fome of its principal Mea-

fures, which are as follow : The Bill from its Point to the Angles of the Mouth is
two Inches and an Half long, and fomething deeper from its Point to the Bafe of the
upper Mandible, where it projects farthed into the Plead $ the Wing when clofed is
nine Inches long $ the Leg below Knee, is near two Inches long, the middle Toe
two and a Half.

The Bill is compreffed horizontally toward its Point ; its Bafe is as deep as wide ;
it is indented on its Edges, of a pale Orange-Colour, except in its Middle about the
.Noftrils, where it is Red, or of a deep Orange. In the broad Part of the upper Mandi-
ble, next the Head, there is on each Side a large fquarifh black Spot, which rifes a
little from the Bill, and feems as if it was fomething duck on. The Bill itfelf in thefe
Parts alfo is protuberant. From Eye to Eye on the Crown of the Head extends a
white Spot in the Form of a Triangle, its two bluntifh Points falling on the upper
Part of the Eyes, and the fharper point toward the Bill, but not quite to it, there
being black Feathers between them. On the Hinder -part of the Neck, juft below
the Head, is another longhh triangular Spot, having its narrowed Side next the
Head, and its acuteft Angle pointing downward toward the Back. Except thele
two white Spots the whole Plumage of the Bird is Black, without any Glofs re-
flecting other Colours ; the Infides of the Wing and the under Side of the Tail are
not fo Black as they are above, being of a dark Afh-Colour ; the Legs and Toes are
of a bright-red Colour ; the three forward Toes are webbed together, and the inner

Toe hath a Web or Fin on its Infide ; the hinder Toe hath alfo a fmall Fin the

Webs of the Toes and the Claws are of a dulky Colour.

The Native Place of this Bird is above declared ; it was brought over by Mr.
Ifljatn. It, as well as the lad deferibed, is very remarkable for the Structure of its
Bill. My Friend, Mr. Henry Baker y F. R, S. hath a Bill of this Bird in his Col-
lection, which agrees exactly with the above. I believe this Bird hath never been des-
cribed, but I cannot fay fo in refpeCt to its Figuring ; becaufe I think I have difeovered
a Draught of it, in a fmall Set of Dutch Prints of Birds, (publifhed at Amfterdam
by Nicola Vi j}cher y Anno 1659, where it is called Turma Anfer) whofe Marks and
Make of the Bill agree with mine. I imagine it might be brought to them from

Davis s Streights, to which Place the Holla?ider$ have long traded. Perhaps their

Bignefs, and appearing in fmall Flocks, have procured them the above Name.

The

'55

( *56 )

Lhe Long-tailed Duck from Hudfon’s-Bay.

T HIS Bird appeared to me to be of the Size of a Wdigeon. Here follow
fome of its principal Meafures : From Bill-point to the Angles of the Mouth

is a little above an Inch and Half in Length ; the Wing is when clofed eight Inches
long ; the Leg below Knee not full an Inch and Half ; the longed Toe a little over two
Inches ; the longed Feathers in the Tail are eight Inches long.

The Bill is like that of mod other Ducks, having nothing remarkable in its
Figure, of a black Colour, except towards the Point of the upper Mandible, where
it is Red, the very Point or Hook being Black ; the Sides of the Head, from the Bill
backward, have white broad Spots, ending in Points about the Ears ; In thefe Spots
are placed the Eyes ; the Hinder-part of the Head is Adi-colour’d ; the Remainder
of the Head, Neck and Bread is of a rudy Black, as is the Back, and Covert-
Feathers on the upper Sides of the Wings; the greater Quills of the Wings are
Dulky or Black ; the middle ones which follow them are Brown ; the Remainder
next the Back are of a brighter reddifh Brown ; the Coverts within Side of the
Wings are of a dulky Brown. At the Bottom of the Neck behind, the Feathers
are of a brownilh Colour, as are the Shoulders, or the Feathers that part the Back
from the Wings ; the Rump and Coverts of the Tail have a black Lid running
down through them, with white Feathers on each Side; the two middle Feathers of
the Tail are Black, long, narrow and fharp-pointed, fhooting out four Inches be-
yond the other Feathers ; the next to thefe are Afh-colour’d ; the next out-
ward become White, and are gradually Ihorter to the outermod Feathers, which are
the fhorted of all. The Belly and the Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White ;
the Legs and Toes are of a reddifh Brown ; the Webs that join the three forward
Toes are Dulky or Black. It hath a Fin on the Infide of the inner Toe ; the Back-
Toe is fmail, with an appendant Fin ; the Claws are Dulky.

This Duck was brought from Hudfon'&-Bay by Mr. Ijham> and I believe hath
never been figured ; but I think it hath been defcribed by Wormius , as a Duck of
Iceland. A Tranflation of his Defcription may be feen in Willughby s Ornithology ,
(See the Sharp-tailed Iceland Duck , call’d by the Icelanders Havelda) P. 364. So
that this Duck may be a Native of America only, for If and or Iceland may rather be
deemed a Part of North America than of Europe , fince it is nearer the fuppofed Con-
tinent of Greenland [a Part of America ] than to any Part of Europe .

¥he

»

( *57 )

The Little Brown and White Duck.

T HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of a Teal, and pretty much like it in Shape,
tho’ very different from it in Colour : Some of its principal Meafures are as fol-
low • the Length of the Bill from the Point to the Angles of the Mouth is an Inch
and a Quarter; the Wing when clofed is feven Inches long; the Leg below the Knee
an Inch and a Quarter; the middle Toe near two Inches long.

The Bill is Black, toothed on its Edges, and a little Matter hooked at the Point of
the upper Mandible; the Feathers round the Bafe of the upper T>art of the Bui are
White* and point with an Angle into the Bill in the Middle, the Bill ltfelf having
two Angles pointing to the Forehead on each Side. There is a Line of dufky Fea-
thers between the Bill and Eye, which parts the White into Spots above and beneath
the Line; it hath alfo a white Spot behind each Eye, about the Place of the Ears;
the Remainder of the Head is Brown, as is the Neck and Beginning of the Breaft,
but lighter on the Fore-part of the Neck and Breaft ; the Back Wings and Tail are
of a darkifti-brown Colour; the greater Quills of the Wings darkeft of all, almoft
Black • the Covert-Feathers of the Wings are of a lighter and brighter Brown ; the
Covert-Feathers within Side of the Wings are of a dufky Colour, with a little dirty
White intermixed; the Sides under the Wings are of a dufky Brown fainter than
the Feathers on the Back. The Breaft from Brown gradually becomes White, tranf-
verfly marked with light Brown, as far as the Thighs ; the Thighs, lower Belly, and
Covert-Feathers under the Tail, being of a lighter and darker brown, tranfverfly
mixed in broken Lines ; the Legs and Feet are of a dufky Colour, tho fomething
of a dull Rednefs appears on the Fore-parts of the Legs and the upper Sides of the
Toes ; the Webs that join the Toes are blackeft; the Structure of the Feet is like the

lafl defcribed.

This Bird was brought from Hudfon’s-Bay by Mr. IJham, to whofe Curiofity and good Na-
ture I am beholden for the greateft Part of the Subjeft-Matter of this third Part of my Hiftory
of Birds ■ and I believe the curious Part of the World will not think themfelves lefs obliged
to Mr. IJham than I acknowledge myfelf to be. 1 believe this Bird hath not been hitherto
fio-ured or defcribed. As I have treated of many Brds from Hudfon s -Bay, it will not be amifs
to f a y fomething of that Part of the World, which 1 lhall make bold to extrafl from Mr.
Ellis’s Voyage to Hudfon’s-Bdy, when he is fpeaking of the fartheft Part to which they went
in Water Stnights, he fays. “ I cannot help however taking Notice that in afcendmg thefe
“ Mountains we had at once as great, as gloomy, and as awful a Profped as perhaps ever
“ aftonifhed mortal Eyes. While we walked along the Beach, the ridged Rocks above feem d
« pendant over our Heads ; in feme Places there were Falls of Water dafhirg from Cliff to
« cliff- from others hung prodigious Ificles in Rows one behind another, like the Pipes of a
“ vaft Organ ; but the moll tremendous Part of the Scene was the (hatter’ d Crags which
lav at our Feet, and appear’d plainly to have burft from the Mountain Tops, thro’ tne
“ expanfive Power of the rigorous Frofts, and fo rowled with inexpreffible Fury down the
“ Sides till they reached thofe Places where their Ruins now lay : I call them Ruins, for fuch
“ they properly were ; and if there is fomething that deeply affefts us when we behold either
4 > the Wafte of War, or the Devaftations of Time, it may be eafily conceived that fomething
“ much more terrible muft be felt from the Sight of the amazing Relicks of the Wreck of
“ Nature.”

finis.

A

NATURAL HISTORY

o F

BIRDS.

The moft of which have not hitherto been either figured or defcribed,
and the Reft, by Reafon of Obfcure, or too brief Defcriptions with-
out Figures, or of Figures very ill defigned, are hitherto but little
known.

CONTAINING

The Reprefentations of thirty-mine Birds, engraven on thirty-feven Copper-Plates , 1
after curious Original Drawings from Life j together with a full and accurate
Defcription of each.

To which are added, by way of Appendix,

Sixteen Copper-Plates, representing the Figures of many curious and undefcribed
Animals, fuch as Qua drupedes (both Land and Amphibious)
S e r p e n t s. Fishes and Insects:

/ . «*■ - •

The whole Containing

Fifty-three Copper-Plates, which is the full Number given in each of the foregoing Parts of
this Work. Every Bird, Beast, &c. is colour’d from the Original Painting, ac-
cording to Nature.

PART IV. and Laft.

^/George Edwards,

Library- Keeper to the Royal College ^Physicians.

-r — 11 . ■■" i " 1 .... . . .... . i ■ .. . . .

LONDON:

Printed for the Author, at the College of Phyjlcians , in Warwick- L am*

M.DCG.LI.

T O

The ONE Eternal f the Incomprehenfible ! the
Omniprefent! Omnifcient, and Almighty CREATOR
of all Things that exift ! from Orbs immenfurably great,
to the minuteft Points of Matter, this Atom is Dedi-
cated and Devoted, with all poffible Gratitude, Humili-
ation, Worfhip, and the higheft Adoration both of
Body and Mind,

By

His mojl rejtgnedy

LoWy and humble Creature 9

George Edwards,

■ -

-

T HOUGH I may not think it improper , but rather very reafonable and juft,
to offer or dedicate to G O D any valuable Property or Ble fifing we have received
from him , yet the Uncommonnefs of dedicating a Book to the Great Creator
of the Universe, may require jome Apology amongjl Men. They will perhaps
agree, that People m almojl all Ages and Places of the Worlds in order to Jhew their
Gratitude /<?GOD, have offer 1 d, prefented , or facrificed to him Part of the Increafe of
Juch good Things, as he in his Goodnefs had blefjed them with an Ability of producing
out of the Earth, whether Cattle , Fowl, or the Fruits of the Ground ; j'uch as Bulls,
Sheep, Corn, Wine, Oyl, and a Variety oj other Things, both Animal and Vegetable $
and of thefe they offer d, generally, the Firfi-born of Animals, and the Firfi fruits of
V get able Productions, thofe being always accounted the fair ejl and mo/l proper to prefent
to the Giver of all Good Things \ fo that it may be objected to me, that my offering
to GOD is of a Species differing from what has been nfually facrificed or prefented
to him ; to which 1 anfwer , that in my Opinion the Endowments of the Mind of Man,
and h s inward Ability of penetrating into, and admiring the wonderful Works of the
Great Creator, are Gifts far fuperior to thofe which ferve him only for Food
and Cloathing, for which Reafon, it is more the Duty of a Man to thank God for the
Endowments of his Mind, than for the Support of his Body. If any Jhould objeB that
this is not the Firfi fruits of the thinking Faculty in me, and therefore of Courfe not
jo worthy off being prefented to G O D to fuch I anfwer, that tho' Animal and Ve-
getable Bodies may produce better Fruits at firfi than they do afterwards, it is otherwife
as to the Powers and Perff'eBions off the Mind, which are always better 1 d and much
improved by Age, RefleBion, and long Experience, fo that the Mind or Soul attains not
its great eff PerfeBion and Beauty, till the latter Part of Life ; whereas the Body is
moffl perff'eB in the earliefi Stages thereof' confequently , if a Man would offer any Thing to

a the

PREFACE.

the Supreme Being of the Univerfe, that is the mere ProduBion of his Mind, I think
what ts laft produced by him ought to be accounted the moft perfeB ; for -which Reafon

I have offered and dedicated to GOD the lafi Work of this Kind that I intend
to perform.

I dedicate this Piece to GOD, in humble Gratitude for all the good Things I have
received Jrom him in this World, and not becatife I imagine G O’D exfie&s Sacrifices
or Offerings of any Kind from Men. It feems plain to my Reafon, that GOD
wants no Service from us, though univerfal Cufiom has eflablijhed Forms by -which Men
ffew their Obligation and Gratitude to God . Men that have a Senfe of Gratitude to -
■wards GOD, -will be always defirous to Jhe-w fame outward Signs off that Gratitude,
which can be done by no Sort of Offerings , but of fuch good Things as they have firfi re-
ceived of GOD. If we compare ourfelves, as Atoms of ImperfeBion, -with the A 1 I-
powerful Being, it will be impoffible but that our ABions, with refpeB to him , muff be
full of mconfijtent Abfur dities-, and ’tis certain G O D can -want of us neither Offer-
ing nor any formal Worthip, or verbal Prayer-, but Nature and Reafon teach us,
•whenfoever -we become fenfible of the Obligations -we fiand in towards him, from a Confi-
deration of his Almighty Tower and great Goodnejs to us, in bringing us forth from
the dark Chaos of Obfcurity and Confufion, into Life, Light, and rational Under land-
ing, and making, us the 1' irft, and Lords of all other created Beings -which plentifully cover
the Face of this terrefital Globe, that our Minds Jhould be filled -with Gratitude,
Praife, Thanksgiving , and the lo-weft Humiliation and Adoration-, and the great Good-
ne J s °J G OD towards us all, Jhould, 1 think, naturally teach us, that as a Portion
of his Love is difpenced to each Individual, we ought to be kind, benevolent and affedU-
onate to one another 3 for fur ely it is Man y s Duty to love whom God loves ,

I hope no one will be offended at what I have faid above , for as this is a Natural
Hifl'ory, I defigned ftriBly to dedicate it to the great G O D of Nature, fuch as I
think all Men of difeernment may difeover him to be by the mere Light of l> their own
Minds , for which Reafon I have not called Revelation in to my Aid and Affiance 3
though no one is more ready than myfelf to incorporate natural Religion with Re-
velation, Jo far as they^ may be found to confif with one another 5 and I think
many of our bejl Theologifis have reconciled them fo well together, as to make them
almoft one and the fame Thing, For my own Part , I have always form'd my Practice
after fuch DoBrmes in Revelation, as appear'd to my Underfanding agreeable to Nature y
Reafon, and the common Senfe and Meaning of Mankind 3 and I believe there are but
few that will give an implicit Afjent to any Thing that appears to them contrary to Na-
ture , Reafon, and Common Senfe.

tte

THE

NAMES

OF THE

GENEROUS ENCOURAGERS

OF THIS

WORK, which have been added fince the Publication

of the former PARTS.

A.

g I R John Abdy, Bart. Knight of the Shire for the County of Eller,

B.

J OHN Blackburn, of Orford-Hall, in Lancafhire, Efq,

Mr. Henry Baker, F. R. S.

Mrs. Baker.

Mejfrs. Blofs and Johnfon, Pater-Nofter-Row*

C.

T H E Right Honourable Lady Maria ChurchiL
Charles Churchil, Efq ,

Mr. Cave, of St. JohnV-Gate, Printer .

Mr. Emanuel Mendes de Cofta, F. R. S.

Ralph Crathorn, Efq.

D.

T H E Right Honourable Lord Duncannon.

John Denn, of Ongar, in EBex, Efq.

Mr. Robert Denn, of Brentwood, in Eflex.

Monfieur David ts, of Paris, Bockfeller ,

Francis Douce, M. D.

Capt. John. Dobfon, of Rotherhith.

E,

r Jp H E Eight Reverend Dr . Lavington, Lord Bifhop Exeter,

0 ;

A LIST, Wc.

G.

M Onfieur Geoffroy, of the Academy Royal , Paris,

H.

T HE Honourable Alexander Hume Campbell, Efq.

— Hilliard, of the Temple, London, Eff.

Dr. Hibbin, Phyfician to the London Infirmary.

The Reverend Mr. Griffith Hughes, ^Barbados, M.A, and F. R, S.
Mr. Harpur, Surgeon.

X**

D R . Ingram, Weftminfter-Abbey.

K,

C l Ilbert Kennedy, M. D.

J

M

R. Lambert, ^Hogfdon.

L.

M.

H I S Grace the late Duke of Montague,

George Montgomery, EJi
Cap . John Michel, of Chelfea.

Mr John Daniel Meyer, Painter in Miniature , at Nuremberg.
Mr. J, S. Miiller, Engraver.

N.

H E R Grace the Dut chefs of Norfolk,

The Right Honourable the Countefs ^Northumberland*
Roger North, of Rougham, in Norfolk, Efq . .

P,

H E R Grace the Dut chefs of Portland.

Mr. Edward Penny, Painter , Leicefter-fquare.

R„

T H E Right Honourable Lady Ravenfworth.

David Rofs, M. D .

$*

H E R Grace the Dutcheft of Somerfet.

Sir George Savil, Bart.

Mifs Senex, of St. Dunftan’s in the Weft.

George Shelvocke, of the General Poft-Gffice, Efq .

Dr. George Seidal, 0/ Oxford.

Mr. William Savage, of Weft-Smithfield.

The late Mr. John Savage, of Abchurch-Lane.

T.

T H E Right Honourable the Earl of Tylney,

Robert Taylor, M. D.

Mr. Robert Thyer, of Manchefter,

W.

M R. Thomas Weft, of Deptford.

*58

( r 5 8 )

The Red and Blue M A c c a w.

T H I S Bird is undoubtedly the firft of the Parrot-Kind, if we confider either its Mag-
nitude, or the great Beauty and Variety of the Colours with which its Plumage is
adorned. It is the biggeft of all the Kinds I have met with. When the Tail is pcrfed, I
have found fome of them to meafure more than a Yard [thirty-fix Inches] from Bill-point
to Tail-end. The Arch of the upper Mandible of the Bill from the Forehead to the Point
of the Bill is near three Inches ; the Leg from the Knee downwards, is not an Inch and a half
long •, the longeft Toe, with the Claw, is two Inches and a half long.

The upper Mandible of the Bill is whitifh, except on each Side next the Head, where it
is Dufky •, the lower Mandible is Black or Dufky. It hath not a bare Skin covering the
Bill, as fome Parrots have j the Nofrrils are placed in the upper Part of the Bill, juft within
the Feathers ; the Bill is great and flrongy the Tongue roundifti and foft ; the Sides of the
Head (from the Bill backwards for a good broad Space) are bare of Feathers, and covered
with a whitifh, wrinkled, rough Skin. In the upper Parts of thefe Spaces the Eyes are placed,
whofe Irides are Yellow. The Head, Neck, Bread, Belly, Thighs, upper Part of the
Back, and leffer Covert- Feathers of the Wings are of a very fine bright Red, or Scarlet-
Colour. The Quill- Feathers of the Wings are of a very fine Blue on their Outfides, and
a faint Red on their under Sides y the firft Feathers next above the Quills are of a fine
yellow Colour y fome of the Feathers being tipped with Green ; the blue Quills which fall
next the Back are tinged with Green •, the hinder Part of the Thigh has fome Green,
intermix’d with the Red. The lower Belly, and Covert-Feathers under the Tail,
as alfo the lower Part of the Back, and Coverts on the upper Side of the Tail, are of a very
fine blue Colour. This Bird is of the long, or pointed-Tail-Kind y the Feathers gradu-
ally fhortening towards the Sides y fome of the longeft or Middle-Feathers are wholly Red ;
the fborter, or Side-Feathers, are partly Red, and partly Blue, their Tips being Blue, and
their Bottoms Red. The Legs and Feet are covered with blackilh, or dufky Scales y the
Toes are difpofed two forwards and two backwards, as in other Parrots, all armed with ftrong
Claws.

This Bird is a Native of America, and I believe is found every where between the Tro -
picks, not only on the Continent, but on fome of the American Iflands. I have feen many of
them in London , in the Hands of my Friends and Acquaintance, and have procur’d this
Draught from one of the fineft and moft perfect-feather’ d l could find amongft them. This
is the Araracanga of the Brazilians. See Marcgrave* s Hiftory of Brafil , P . 206. Mr. Aibin
has figur’d and defcribed two Red Maccaws , but neither of them is the real I hing. I fup-
pofe them to be taken from Drawings he had met with. He makes them Cock-Birds, and
of two different Species, yet has blundered fo far as to give to each of them the Blue ana
Yellow Maccaw for his Hen. He lays they are brought from the Eaft and Weft-Indies. I
never heard of any of them brought from the Eaft- Indies. See his two Red Maccaws in his
Hiftory of Birds-, the Mac can or Macao of Brafil , VoL I. P. 1 r. and the Maccaw of Ja-
maica, Vol. II. P. 16. I have by Infpeftion found Hen-Birds in the Red-Sort, nor do I
believe what Albin afferts, that the Hens of this Species are Blue and Yellow. 1 he Blue and
Yellow Maccaw , next to be defcribed, being fomething a fmaller Bird, much fcarter amongft
us, and doubtlefs of a Species altogether diftina from the Red and Blue Maccaw.

'The

Vol. IV.

B

( *59 )

The Blue and Tellow M a c c a w.

T HIS Bird is a little lefs than the laft defcribed, and according to my Judgment is the
fecond in Magnitude of the Parrot-Kind ; it feems to equal a middle-fized Domeftick
Cock, and in Shape agrees with the foregoing.

The Bill is arched, the upper Part hooked and hanging over the Nether, and is all of a
black Colour *, the Noftrils are placed at the Bafe of the upper Mandible, in a white bare Skin,
which extends itfelf on the Sides of the Head, all round the Eyes, and a good Way beneath
them. Thefe white bare Plats of Skin on the Sides of the Head are variegated with fine Lines
of fmall black Feathers, which appear like Needle- Work. The Circle round the Eye is of a
pa 7 e yellow Colour. It hath immediately under the Bill a large black Spot, which turns
round and upwards on its Sides, and encompaffes Part of the bare white Space on the Sides
of the Head, as the Figure will better exprefs. The Feathers on the Top of the Head are
Green, which gradually become Blue on the Neck. The upper Side of the Neck, the Back,
and upper Sides of the Wings and Tail, are of an exceeding fine blue Colour, with fome
little Variation of Shade, viz. the leffer Coverts of the Wings, and the Rump, are a little
tinCtured with Green, and the Tail and Quill-Feathers, on their upper Sides, a little tinCtured
with Purple; all the blue Feathers of the Back, Wing and Tail, are of a reddifh Yellow on
their under Sides. The Fore- part of the Neck, the Breaft, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Fea-
thers under the Tail, are of a fine Yellow-Orange-Colour, except the Hinder-part of the
Thighs, where there is a little Blue intermixed. The Covert-Feathers within Side the Wings
are Yellow, which appears outwardly on the Ridge or Joint, in the upper Part of the Wing.
The Legs and Feet are made as the Figure expreffes them ; all of a blackifii or dufky
Colour.

My Drawing was taken fome Years fince, from the living Bird, at his Grace the Duke
, of Richmond's Houfe, Whitehall. This is more rare than the Red Maccaw. It is the
Araracanga of the BrafiUans. See Marcgrave' s Hiftcry of Brajil , P. 206. Albin has given a
very imperfect Figure of this Bird, and erroneoufly calls it the Hen Maccaw , fuppofing it to
be the Hen of the Scarlet and Blue Maccaw. See his Flifiory, Vol. III. P. 10.

To illuftratC the Hiftory of Maccaws , I cannot help borrowing from Commodore (now
Lord) Anfons Voyage, a beautiful Paffage, which deferibes a Water- fall in the Hand of
'^uibo. “ Near the N. E. Point of the Hand they difeovered a natural Cafcade, which fur-
“ palfed (as they conceived) every Thing of this Kind, which human Art or Induftry, hath
4< hither:o produced. It was a Kiver of tranfparent Water, about forty Yards wide, which
“ ran down a Declivity of near a hundred and fifey Yards in Length. The Channel it ran
“ in was very Irregular, for it was intirely formed of Rock ; both its Sides and Bottom being
14 made up of large detached Blocks, and by thefe the Courfe of the Water was frequently
41 interrupted, for in fome Places it ran Hoping, with a rapid, but uniform Motion, while in
“ other Parts it tumbled over the Ledges of Rocks with a perpendicular Defcent. All the
Neighbourhood of this Stream was a fine Wood, and even the huge Mafifes of Rock, which
44 hung over the Water, and which by their various Projections formed the Inequalities of the
44 Channel, were covered with lofty Forefl-Trees. While the Commodore, and thofe who
<l were with him attentively viewing the Place, were remarking the different Blendings of the
41 Waters, the Rocks, and the Woods, there came in Sight (as it were (till to heighten and
44 animate the ProfpeCt) a prodigious Flight of Maccaws, which hovering over this Spot, and
41 often wheeling and playing on the Wing about it, afforded a moft brilliant Appearance, by
44 the Glittering of the Sun on their variegated Plumage ; fo that fome of the Spectators can-
l “ not refrain from a Kind of Transport when they recount the complicated Beauties which
44 occurr’d in this extraordinary Water-fall.”

<The

[ 160 ]

*The Greater Cockatoo.

T HERE is a greater and a letter Bird of this Kind ; the Greater (here to be deferr-
ed) is of the Bignefs of a Raven ; the Letter not bigger than a common Pigeon.

The Bill is very large and flrong ; it hath a Skin covering the Bafe of the upper
Mandible, wherein are ‘ placed the Noftrils ; the fame Skin goes round the Angles
of the Mouth. The whole Bill, with the Skin at its Bafe, is of a blueiOi Black.
The Head is gryat in Proportion to the Body ; the Eyes are of a dark Colour, encom-
patted with a bare Skin of a light Afh-Colour. The white Feathers that cover the
Head, are v^ry long and loofe, efpecially thofe on the Top of the Head, which the
Bird can either eredt into a Creft, or let fall on the Hinder-part of the Neck. The
Bird when anger’d raifes not only his Creft, but the Feathers on the Sides of his
Head, in which Adi all the under Part of the Feathers of the Crett are difeovered to
be of a fine Scarlet, which oppofed to the white Feathers of the Bird {how very
agreeably. When the Creft is let fall, the Red on the under Sides of the Feathers
refiedl through them, and change the White on the Outfide of the Creft, to a
Bloffom-Colour. The whole Plumage of the Bird may be called White, though it
is tindtured with other Colours in fame Parts ; on the Back it hath a faint Tindture of
Cream-Colour; on the Head and Breaft a little Cloud of Rofe ; the Covert-
Feathers within Side of the Wings, and the under Side of the Tail, are tindtured
with a bright Yellow. The Tail is fhort, having the Feathers of equal Length,
hardly exceeding the Length of the Wings; the Legs and Feet are of a Lead-Colour;,
the Toes are difpofed two forwards and two backwards, as in other Parrots.

This Bird was brought from the Eaft-Indies. I drew it from a Bird fhewn in Bar-
tholomew-Fairy London . — The letter Cockatoo differs very little from the Greater, ex-
cept in Magnitude, and in having the Creft Yellow, and turning up at the End
when it is let fall on the Neck ; the Colour and Shape of its other Parts agree pretty
nearly with the Greater. AJbin has figur’d the Letter in his Hifiory oj Birds, FoL III.
P. ] 2. The Hen of the greater Sort, as I fuppofe, I faw at the late Dr. Plumptre' s ;
it was of a dirtier White, and without the red Colour in the Creft. I faw alfo at

Copt-Hally i n EffeXy the Seat of Conyers, Efq; an exceeding fine Cock-Bird, of

the greater Kind. Both Sorts are Natives of the Eaft-Indies. I fhall here prefent the
Reader with a fhort Extradl from Cburchil’s ColleBion of Vi yages, Vol. I. P.45, from-
JSavaratte's Voyages written in Spanijh, “ At AJacaJJ'ar (in the Eajl-Indies) there are
“ a great many of a Sort of Birds they call Cacatua ; they are all White, fome bigger
“ than Hens; their Beak like a Parrot’s; they are eafily made tame, and talk.
“ When they ftand upon their Guard they are very fightly, for they fpread a Tuft of
“ Feathers that is on their Heads, and look moft lovely. [1 fuppofe he means by
“ fhowing the fine red Colour when the white Feathers are fpread.] The Portia
“ giteze carry them to China,, and thofe People give good Rates for them.” I do not
find that we have yet any Figure, or Defcription of this Bird.

The

( 161 )

*The Brafilian Green Parrot.

T HIS Bird is of a large Size, being equal to the bigger Sort of tame Pi-
geons, fomething exceeding the Size of the well-known Grey Parrot with a
red Tail.

The Bill is made like thofe of other Parrots, all of a Flefh-Colour, except the
Skin at the Bafe of the upper Mandible, wherein the Noftrils are placed, which is
dufky. It hath a Wave on the Edge of the upper Mandible on each Side, but no
direft Angle, as many of the Parrots have. The Fore-part of the Head, quite round
the Bill, is of a fine Red, or Scarlet-Colour ; the Eyes are of a dark Colour, having
a Space of bare Skin quite round them of a light Afh-colour. Partly under, and
partly behind each Eye, on the Sides of the Head, is a roundifh Spot of fine Blue ;
the Top of the Head is of a yellowifh Green ; the Hinder-part of the Neck, and the
Back, is of a darker Green ; the under Side of the Bird, from the Throat to the Co-
vert-Feathers under the Tail, is of a light Green, inclining to Yellow; the Coverts
beneath the Tail are lighted:, and mofl Yellow ; the prime QuJ 11s of the Wing are
Dufky; the Middle-Quills have their outer Webs Blue ; the Remainder of the Quills
next to the Rump are Green, with yellow Borders ; the firft and fecond Rows of
Covert-Feathers, above the Quills, are alfo of a dark Green, With yellow Edges ; the
lefler Coverts of the Wings are of a lighter Green ; the Ridge of the Wing in its
upper Part, about the Joint, is Yellow ; a little lower down, where it falls on the
Breaft, the Ridge has red Feathers on it; the green Feathers on the Hinder-part
of the Neck and Back are edged with a darkifh Purple ; the Rump and Covert-
Feathers on the upper Side of the Tail are Green ; the Middle-Feathers of the Tail
are Green ; next to them fucceed red ones ; the outermofl Feather on each Side has
its outer Web Blue ; the Infide of the Tail appears Red, the inner Webs of all the
Feathers being Red; the Tips of all the Tail-Feathers, both within and without,
are of a fine yellow Colour. It had two Toes forwards, and two backwards
on each Foot ; the Legs and Feet were cover’d with rough Scales of a brownifh
Afh- Colour,

This Draught was taken from the living Bird, at the Sign of the Parrot and
Cage , a Cage-maker’s, in Crooked-Lane , London , who was alfo a Dealer in Foreign
Birds. He informed me, that he bought it of one who brought it over from the
Brafils . I believe we have no Figure or Defcription of this Bird. It differs much
from the large Green Parrots, commonly brought to us from the Wejl-Indiet .

Thi

( 16a )

The Great Green Parrot, from the W eft-indies.

T HIS is a Parrot of the larger Size, being equal, or fuperior in Magnitude,
to our large Sort of tame Pigeons.

The Bill is whitifh, and has a notable Angle on the Edges of the upper Mandible
on each Side ; the Noftrils are placed pretty near together, in a Skin that covers
the Bafe of the upper Mandible of the Bill. The Eyes have Circles of a Gold-
Colour round them, and are encompafied with a Space of bare Skin of a Flefh-
Colour ; the Fore-part of the Head, as far back as the Eyes, is of a blue Colour;
the Remainder of the Head is of a fine Yellow, with fome Mixture of Red where
the Yellow falls in with the Green on the Neck ; the Neck all round, and the Back
is Green ; the greater, or outer Quills of the Wings, are Dufky at their Tips, and
Greenifh at their Bottoms ; the next fucceeding are of a fine Blue at their Tips, and
Scarlet at their Bottoms ; the Innermofl that fall next the Rump are Green, with
yellow Edges ; the Covert-Feathers next above the Quills are wholly Green •, the
lefier Coverts are of a Golden-Yellow, which foftens and mixes a little with the
green Coverts under them ; in the Skin that connects the Joint of the Wing*
there are fome red Feathers intermixed with the yellow Covert-Feathers ; the
Coverts within Side of the Wings are Yellow, with fome Green intermixed ; the
Quills within are of a very blue Green ; the Bread and Belly is of a light- blueifh
Green, the Feathers being fringed with a dufky Colour ; the Thighs, lower
Belly, and Coverts under the Tail are Yellow; the downy Part of the yellow
Feathers in the Head, Wings and Belly, is of a red Colour; the Rump is cover’d
with green Feathers, tipped with Yellow ; the Coverts of the upper Side of the
Tail are Green ; the upper Side of the Tail is alfo Green, the Edges of the Feathers
being a little Yellow ; the outer Webs of the Outfide-Feathers are Blue ; the Infide
of the Tail appears partly Red, the inner Webs of the Feathers being Red towards
their Bottoms ; the Tips within are of a dufky Green; the Legs and Feet are made as
in other Parrots, cover’d with dufky-brown Scales ; the Claws areBlackifh.

This Bird was the Property of my worthy Friend James Theobald , Efq; who
fent it to me immediately after its Death ; by which Means I had an Opportunity
to examine it more particularly than I could have done had it been alive, Thefe
Birds are pretty common in London ; they vary fomething from each other, though
apparently of the fame Species ; in fome the yellow Colour prevails more, in
others lefs. I believe the Yellow prevails moft in the Cock- Birds, The above was
one of the fin eft I have met with. Mr. A! bin has publifhed this Bird in his 3d VoU
P. 1 1. where he fays, though falfiy, that the Legs are cover’d with Feathers down
to the Feet. He calls it the Barbadoes Parrot . I hope where I have re-figur’d any
Birds, already figur’d by Mr. Albin , my Amendment in the Draughts will plead my
Excufe.

Vo L . IV.

The

C

{ * 6 3 )

The Jjh-colour'd and Red Parrot.

T HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of a tame Pigeon, or of the common Afh-co-
lour’d ‘Parrot , with a red Tail, of which it is a Species, if not the very
fame, accidentally variegated in its Plumage.

The Bill is of a blackifh Colour, hooked, having Angles on the Sides of the
upper Mandible ; the Tongue is round at the End, black, andfoft; the Noflrils
are placed pretty near together, in a white Skin that covers Part of the Bill above y
this Skin points with an Angle into the Bill on each Side below the Noflrils,
in a Manner I have not obferved in other Parrots ; the Sides of the Head are
cover’d with a bare Skin of a whitifh Colour, which joins to the Bill forwards.
The Eyes are placed in the Middle of thefe bare Parts, on the Sides of the Head ;
they are fmall in Proportion ; the Irides of a bright Yellow. The Plumage of the
whole Bird (except the Tail) is a Mixture of Afh-colour’d and red Feathers : A few
of each Colour here and there are placed in little Plats all over the Head, Neck,
Body and Wings, which forms a broad Mixture of the Colours. Each of the above
Colours is darker in the greater Feathers of the Wings, than in other Parts. The
Tail is wholly Red, the Feathers being fhort, and of equal Length, not much ex-
ceeding the Length of the Wings when they are clofed. The Legs and Feet are
made as in all other Parrots, and cover’d with a rough fcaly Skin, of a dark Afh-
Colour, or Blackifh.

The common Afb-colour’d Parrot is fo much the fame with this, that the Print
would equally ferve for either of them ; the Defcription of the Bill, Eyes, Tail,
Legs and Feet, is the very fame in both ; all the Difference is, that the common one
has the Plumage all the Body over of an Afh-Colour, lighter on the Rump and Belly,
and darker on the greater Feathers of the Wings.

Thefe Birds are brought from Guinea , on the Coafl of Africa, The common
grey ones are known in London by the Name of Guinea Birds . Sir Hans Sloane , Bart,
has informed me, that the Red and Blue Sort is found in the Ifland of St. ‘Thomas , pof-
feffed by the Portugueze, and lying on the Coaft of Africa y in the Atlantick Ocean y
under the EqulnoBial Line . I drew this Bird from Life, at the Houfeof Sir Charles
Wager , in the Year 1736. It was afterwards prefented to Sir Hans Sloane , who
has it now [1750] living, at his Houfe in Chelfea . Willughby y P. 1 14. has taken
the Defcription of the Afh-colour’d Parrot from Aldrovandus y who fays, they
are brought from Mina , an Indian City; and Afbin Lys of it, in his
Hijlory of Birds , VoL I. P. 12. this Kind comes from Eafl-India y both which I take
to be Miftakes, for I am well allured that what we have are brought from Africa y ge-
nerally by the Way of the Wejl-Indie$ y by our Guinea Traders, that fupply bur Sugar
Elands with Negroes. The mixed Adi-coloured and Red Parrot, hath not been be-
fore defcribed.

The

ru.

( 164 )

The Lejfer Green Parrot.

T H I S is a little fmaller than any of the foregoing: It is of
the Size of a middling Pigeon. For Diftin6tion-fake it may
be call’d the Green Parrot , with a red, blue, and yellow Head*
it being remarkably beautiful on the Head.

The Bill is of a whitifh Colour ; the Point and Side about its
Edges Dusky ; the upper Mandible hath a Wave or Angle on each
Side of its Edges ; it hath a white Skin at the Bafe of the Bill in the
upper Part, wherein the Noftrils are placed. The Circles round the
Eyes are of a bright Gold-Colour ; the Eyes have a narrow Space of
bare white Skin running all round them ; the Forehead (as far as the
Eyes) is covered with Scarlet-Feathers; the Hinder-part of the Crown
of the Plead is cover’d with blue Feathers. From the Bafe of the
lower Mandible of the Bill, on each Side of the Head, is a roundifh
Orange-colour’d Spot extending beneath each Eye ; the Remainder
cf the Head, the Throat, and Neck are Green ; the Hinder-part of the
Neck, the Back, Rump, and upper Side of the Tail are of a dark
Green ; the Fore-part of the Neck, the Breaft, Belly and Thighs, are
of a lighter Green ; the lower Belly and Covert-Feathers under the
Tail, are of a very light Green, inclining to Yellow. The greater
Quills of the Wings are Dusky, with a little Blue on the Edges of the
outer Webs of the Feathers; thole next them are Blue at their Tips,
and Red towards their Bottoms on their outer W^ebs ; the inner Quills
that fall on the Rump are Green ; all the Covert-Feathers of the Wings
are Green, except what is called the Baftard-Wing, that covers the
Prime-Quills, which are Blue ; the Ridge of the Wing that falls on the
Breaft is Yellow ; the Legs are fhort, the Toes ftand two forwards and
two backwards on each Foot, and are all cover’d with a rough fcaly
Skin, of a Lead cr Afh-Colour ; the Claws are Dusky.

This Bird was the Property of the Lady of Sir Charles Wager , wha
obliged me with a Sight of it at Sir Charles s Houfe in the Admiralty -
Office. My Lady told me it was brought from the Wejl-lndies y but
fhe could not tell from what particular Part. I have compared the
Original Draught with all the Defcriptions of Parrots I can meet with,
but can find no Defcription that agrees with it, fo that I believe it to
be a Bird not hitherto defcribed. "The

( 165 )

The Hawk- Headed Parrot.

T H I S Bird is about the Bignefs of a fmall Pigeon, and is re-
markable for having a longer Tail (in Proportion) than is com-
mon to thofe Parrots whofe Tail-Feathers are of an equal Length.

The Bill is of a dark or dusky Colour, pretty much hooked, and
hath pretty fharp Angles on the Sides of the upper Mandible ; the
Noftrils are placed pretty near together in a Skin that covers the Bafe
of the upper Part of the Bill ; the Eyes have their Irides of a Hazel-
Colour, and have round each of them a bare Skin of a dusky, or
black Colour. The Head is wholly covered with brown Feathers,
like what we fee in fome Hawks; the middle Part of the Feathers
being Light, and the Borders Dark, which makes a pleafing Variety.
The Neck all round, the Bread and Belly, are cover’d with finereddifh
Purple-Feathers, tipped or fringed with a bright Blue, which produces
a pleafing Variety of Red and Blue in tranfverfe broken Lines. The
Back, Rump, and upper Side of the Wings are of a pleafant Green ;
the Tips of the greater Quills of the Wings are of a dark-blue Colour ;
the upper Side of the Tail is Green, except the Side-Feathers, which
are dark Blue at their Tips. The Coverts within Side of the Wings
are of a yellowifh Green, as are the Sides of the Body under the
Wings ; the Infides of the Quills of the Wings, and the under Side of
the Tail, are of a blueifh Black. The Thighs and Covert-Feathers
beneath the Tail are of a lightifh Green; the Legs, Feet and Claws
are made as in other Parrots, all of a Black or dark Lead-Colour.
When he is provoked he raifes the gay Feathers on his Neck, fo as to
form a Kind of Ruff or Creft.

This Bird was the Property of the Right Honourable Lord Duncannon y
who gave me Liberty to make a Draught of it at his Houfe in Cavendijh-
Square . I was informed that the Bird was brought from the Eaft-Indies.
Our Countryman, Mr. Willughby , has in his Ornithology, extracted from
Clujius , the Defcription of a Parrot, which I think can be no other
than the above defcribed, Vide P. 119. Line the 4th, of the Work in
Englifh . I know not of any Figure ot this Bud, fo that I hope a
Draught and Defcription immediately from Life will not be difagree-
able to the curious Naturalifl. Clujius s Defcription in Willughby is very
brief, and feems to have been taken only from a Picture.

Tie

■

[ 1 66 ]

The White-Headed Parrot.

'TP HIS Bird equals the fmaller Sort of Pigeons in Bignefs. Parrots of this
JL Species differ from one another in Beauty ; fome of them have the Ridge of
the upper Part of the Wing (where it falls on the Bread:) Red, and others have it
not ; fome are very Red on the Belly ; others have there only a little Red intermixed
with the Green. The Cocks may perhaps excel in Beauty, as is common in moffc
Birds. I have feen a great Number of this Species in London, it being as common
with us as any of the little green Parrots. The under-defcribed was not one of
the mod beautiful of its Species, not having the Ridge of the Wing Red.

The Bill is pretty thick and flrong, of a white or faintifh Fiefh-Colour, with
a hooked Point, and Angles on its Edges, as in mod other Parrots; the Tongue is
round, foft, and of a dufky Colour ; the Nodrils are placed in a white Skin, pretty
near each other, on the upper Part of the Bill ; the Forehead is White, as far as the
Eyes, and the Middle of the Crown of the Head ; the Eyes are of a dark Hazel-
Colour, the Pupil being Black ; they are furrounded with Spaces of a bare very white
Skin. Behind the White on the Head, the Feathers are Blue, intermixed with a
little Red ; the Blue reaching behind the Eyes hath fome dufky Spots mixed with
it about the Ears. The Sides of the Head, beneath the Eyes and the Throat, under
the Bill, are of a fine Scarlet-Colour, breaking into, and mixing with the Green on
the Neck. The Hinder-part of the Neck, the Back, Rump, and Covert-Feathers
of the Wings are Green ; the greater Quills of the Wings are Blue, with dufky
Tips ; fome of the firft Row of Covert-Feathers that fall next above the Quills are
alfo Blue; the Remainder of the Quills next the Back are Green; the Tail is Green
on its upper Side ; the outer Webs of the two outermofl Feathers are Blueifh ; the
under Side of the Tail is Green on the Tips of the Feathers, and Red towards
their Roots or Bottoms; the Bread:, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers be-
neath the Tail are of a green Colour ; the middle Part of the Belly has a Mixture, or
Spot of Red, which gradually foftens into the Green on its Edges. The Legs,, Toes
and Claws, are formed and fituated as in other Parrots, all of a dufky-brown Colour,
The green Feathers on the Back, and the Coverts of the Wings and Bread, are
edged or fringed very narrow, with a dark or dufky Colour.

This Bird was my own Property, The Man (a Dealer in Birds) who fold it me,
faid it was brought from the Eaft-Indies ; but I rather believe it to be a Native
of the Weft-Indies , becaufe I have feen many of them; and Birds from the Eaft -
Indies are more rare. Though WiUughby in his Ornithology , T. 113. has given us
Aldrovandus ' s Defcription of this Bird, and added a Defcription of his own ; yet, as. I
find no Figure of the Bird any where, I hope this Draught from the Life, with a
more particular Defcription than either of the above-mention’d, will not be difagree-
able to the Curious*

V o L. IV. D The

P

( i6 7 )

The Dufay Parrot.

T HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of the common blue Pigeon,
bred in our Dove-houfes. It is remarkable for being of a
very bad Colour for the Parrot-Kind, who are a Tribe of Birds well
known to be of a very gay Plumage.

The Bill is formed like thofe of other Parrots, Black in the Middle
of the upper Mandible ; the Skin that contains in it the Noftrils, is
alfo Black or Dusky ; the Bafe of the Bill is Yellow ; the Remainder
to the Point, of a fine Red ; the Eyes are of a dark Hazel-Colour,
encompaffed with bare Spaces of Skin of a whitifh Afh-Colour ; the
Top of the Head is Dusky or Black ; the Sides of the Head under the
Eyes, and the Hinder-part of the Neck are Greenifh ; the Back is of a
dark, dusky Colour ; the Rump again Greenifh ; the Tail is Green on
its upper Side ; the outer Webs of the two outermoft Feathers are
Blue ; the under Side of the Tail is of a dusky Green ; the Covert-
Feathers beneath the Tail are of a fine Red. The Throat (for an Inch
or more beneath the Bill) is of a fine Blue ; the Bread, Belly and
Thighs, are of a dusky- brownifh Afh-Colour ; the Wings are Green;
the innermoft Quills next the Back have yellow Borders ; the Legs and
Feet (made as in moft other Parrots) are cover’d with a fcaly Skin of
a Lead -Colour ; the Claws are pretty ftrong and Black. Where the
Colours change in this Bird it is not fuddenly, but each Colour mixes
gradually, and lofes itfelf in its Neighbour-Colour, except the Spot of
Red under the Tail, which is pretty diftind.

This Bird was the Property of my much refpeded and curious Friend,
Mr. Peter Colinfat , F. R. S. who kept it alive fame Years, and in-
vited me to take a Draught of it. He informed me that it was brought
from New Spain> on the Continent of America . Though it be not
fo beautiful as many others, yet I take it to be very rare, it being the
only one of this- Species I have chanced to fee, notwithftanding my
diligent Search after curious and unknown Animals. As I can find no-
thing like a Defcription of it, I believe I may fafely pronounce it a
Non-defcript.

The

6 7

-r\'

f *68 )

*The Little Green Parrot

T HIS Bird is about the Size of a fmal! Pigeon. In order to enable any one
to magnify it to its natural Size, the Knowledge of the Length of any par-
ticular Part will be fufficient. The Wing when clofed is fix Inches long, fo that
the Meafures in the Original Draught are, to thofe of the Print, as fix to four and a
Quarter.

The Bill is of a light Afh-Colour, almoft White at its Bafe, and darkefl at the
Point, where it is alio hooked. It hath Angles on the Edges of the upper Mandi-
ble ; the Noflrils are placed pretty near each other, in a whitifh Skin at the Bafe of
the upper Mandible ; the Eyes have their Circles of a dark Hazel-Colour; the
Pupils are Black ; round each Eye is a fmall Space of bare Skin, of a light Afh-
Colour, The whole Head, Neck and Body, both above and beneath, are of a
green Colour, though lighter, and more inclining to Yellow on the Throat,
Bread:, Belly, Thighs, and Coverts beneath the Tail ; the greater Quills of the
Wings are of a dufky or black Colour, their outer Webs being Blue almofl to
their Tips ; the Remainder of the Quills next the Back are Green ; among!! the
hrfl Row of Covert-Feathers, there is one red Feather, which falls over the Bot-
toms of the blue Quills ; all the Remainder of the Covert-Feathers of the Wings, both
above and beneath, are Green. The Middle-Feathers of the Tail are a little longer
than thofe on the Sides, but not fo as to make it one of the long or pointed-
tailed Parrots ; the upper Side of the Tail is Green, except the outer Webs of the
two outermoft Feathers, which are Blueifh ; the inner Webs of the Tail-Feathers
are Red, till within lefs than an Inch of their Tips, which are wholly Green ; the
outer Webs of the two outer Feathers, that are Blue above, are of a light Green be-
neath ; the Legs and Feet agree in Shape, and Situation of the Toes, with other
Parrots, and are cover’d with a rough fcaly Skin of an Afh-Colour. It has pretty
Rrong Claws of a dufky Colour.

I cannot be certain from what Part of the World this Bird was brought, it being
bought out of a Dealer’s Hands, who could not inform me ; though I take it to be
from the Wejl-Indies y from whence molt of the Green Parrots we have in London
are brought. It was my Property; I kept it alive fome Years ; it was a brifk,
lively, nimble Bird, and talkative in a Language unknown to me. I have obferved
that Parrots have more or lefs Brifknefs and Agility in Proportion to their Size,
the greater Kind being very clumfy and flow in their Motions, and the LefTer more
and more nimble, as they decreafe in Bignefs. I don’t know that this is any where
defcribed.

The

( l6 9 )

The W hite-Breafted Parrot.

T HIS Bird feerned to me about the Bignefi of a Turtle-Dove,
or of thofe fmall white Doves we breed in Cages. I made a
Drawing of it, which feemed to be very near the Size of Life ; and mea-
furing the clofed Wing of the Draught I found it to be five Inches, by
which the Size of the Original may be eafiiy attained from the Print.

The Bill is hooked, hath Angles on its Edges, and a narrow Skin
at the Bafe of the upper Mandible, wherein the Noftrils are placed in
the tipper Part pretty near to each other, all of a dusky Fiefh-
Colour, being lighteft at the Bafe, and growing gradually darker to-
wards the Point. The Circles round the Eyes are of a dark Hazel-
Colour ; the Eyes are placed in Spaces of Flefh-colour’d bare Skin, that
furrounds them, of fome little Breadth; the whole Crown of the
Head above the Eyes is cover’d with black Feathers. From the Cor-
ners of the Mouth proceed two longilh Spots of Green, which pafs
beneath the bare Skin that furrounds the Eyes ; the Throat and Sides
of the Head are Yellow ; the Hinder-part of the Neck gradually be-
comes of an Orange- Colour. All the Back, Rump and Tail, both
above and beneath, are of a pleafant green Colour. T he greater Quills
of the Wings have their outer Webs Blue; the Middle ones have their
outer Edges Yellowifh; the Remainder of the Quills next the Back are
wholly Green, as are all the Covert-Feathers of the Wings above them.
The Breaft, from the Neck, as far as the Legs, is cover’d with white
Feathers ; the Sides under the Wings, the Thighs, lower Belly, and
Covert-Feathers under the Tail, are of a yellow, or Orange-Colour ;
the Legs and Feet are made as in other Parrots, and cover’d with
rough Scales of a dusky Aflh-Colour ; the Claws are Blackifih.

I found this Bird in the Hands of a Dealer in Foreign Birds, who
kept a Publick Houfe in White-Hart Yard, near the Strand , London.
He aflur’d me it was brought, from the Carraccos , on the Continent of
America , a Part of the Spaniflj Dominions. I have examined all the
Accounts I can find relating to Parrots in different Authors, but can
find none that agree with the above-delcribed. It is a very beautiful
little Parrot, and being in all Probability a Non-defcript, I hope it
will be thought worth Publication.

The

( 170 )

The firft Black-capped Lory.

T HIS Bird Teemed to me to be fomething bigger than the Turtle-Dove, but
not quite To big as a Dove-Houfe Pigeon. The Length of the Wing, when
doled, was five Inches and three Quarters, by which Note any one may magnify
from the Print a Figure of the natural Bignefs.

The Bill is made as in other Parrots, and of an Orange-Colour; the Tongue
is Black ; it hath adufky Flefh-coloured Skin at the Bale of the upper Mandible, in
which are placed the Noftrils, pretty near together. The Eyes have bright, golden
I rides* and are encompaffed with Spaces of bare Skin, of an obfcure Flefh-Colour.
The whole Crown of the Head is cover’d with black Feathers, that have a little
of a blue Call on the Hinder-part ; the Remainder of the Head, the whole Neck,
Back, Rump, Coverts above the Tail, Breaft, Sides under the Wings, and upper
Part of the Thighs, are of a very fine Red, or Scarlet- C olour ; except a Plat
of Blue behind, (between the Neck and Back) which is a little broken and
intermixed with the Red, and another Plat of blue Feathers on the lower Part
of the Breaft, which likewife mix and break amongft the red Feathers. The
lower Part of the Thighs, the lower Belly, and the Coverts beneath the Tail,
are all of a fine blue Colour. The Tail is Blue on the upper Side, though the
middlemofi: Feathers have fomething of a dufky-green Shade; the inner Webs
of the Tail-Feathers .are Yellowifh, fo that the Tail is Yellow beneath; the
Wings are Green on their upper Sides; fome of the Middle-Quills are Yellow
on the Borders of their Webs. The inner Webs of the Quills are of a fine
Yellow, except at their Tips, which are Dufky ; the Covert-Feathers within
Side the Wings are Red ; the Ridge of the Wing is Yellowifh ; the Legs, Feet
and Claws, which are pretty ftrong, are like thofe of other Parrots, all of a dark-
brown, or blackifh Colour; the Skin is rough and fcaly.

Thefe Birds are brought from the Eaft-lndies . I faw the Bird from which the
Figure was taken, at the Virginia Coffee-Houfe, behind the Royal-Exchange,
London ; and another of them in the Colledfion of my late Friend George Holmes ,
Efq; Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London . Thefe were both fluffed. I
have fince feen another of them brought alive from India , from which I had the
Colour of the Eyes and other Parts that fade a little in dried Birds. I have taken
the Name Lory from Nieuhoff. Our Countryman, Alhin , has exhibited a Bird of
this Kind, which he calls a Laurey, and fays it is from the Bra fils ; but I dare fay
he is miftaken. I take his Bird to be from a Drawing of the Bird done by Guefs,
for common Shop-Sale. What Birds Albin himfelf drew from Nature, are all in the
felf fame Attitude, he never drawing any but in one Poflure : Such as are varied a
little from his general Rule are ail borrowed Draughts, as my Experience has
confirmed to me in many of them. I believe we have never had a Figure of
this Bird.

V o i.. IV. E The

E

( I 7 3C )

The fecond Black-capped Lory.

T HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of the blue Pigeons commonly
bred in our Dove-Houfes : It is a very brisk and nimble Bird
for the Parrot-Kind, and will hop along on a Cane or Stick, letting
go its Hold with both Feet, and lighting again at a Foot Diftance on
the Stick, which is an Action I have obferved in no Parrots but thofe
of the Lory-Kind.

The Bill is of an Orange-Colour, hooked at the Point ; the Edges
of the upper Mandible are waved, but not fuddenly enough to form
Angles \ the Noftrils are placed pretty near each other, in a dusky Skin
at the Bale of the upper Part of the Bill ; the I ongue is foft, round,
fmooth, and of a blackifli Colour ; the Eyes have reddifti-yellow
Irides, and are encompaffed with a dusky^colour d Skin, bare of F ea-
thers. The whole Crown of the Head is cover d with Featheis of a
black Colour, with a Purple Glofs ; the Remainder ox tne Head,
the Neck, Back, Rump, and whole under Side, are all of a very
beautiful Red, or Scarlet-Colour, except a Crefcent of Yellow on the
Bread, and fome blue Feathers on the Thighs, juft above tne Knees*
The Wings on their upper Sides are Green* the greater Quills darkeft
the other Quills, and the firft Row of Covert-Feathers next above the
Quills, have fomething of Yellow on their Edges • the Ridge of the
Wing about the Joint is of a fine Blue ; the inner Covert-Feathers of
the Wings are Blue, but become Dusky or Black where they falcon
the Inf ides of the Quills \ the inner Webs of all the Quills are^ oi a
fine Yellow, except at their Tips, which are Dusky ; the Tail-Fea-
thers are Red both above and beneath, but a little inclining to Puiple
at their Tips ; the Coverts of the Tail, both above and beneath, are alfo
Red i the Legs and Feet are of a dark Afh, or Lead-Colour, ^ formed
as in other Parrots, having the Toes, two backwards and two forwards
on each Foot ; it hath ftrong blackifli Claws.

This Bird was the Property of my good Patron Sir Hans Sloane^ Bart, at vhofe Ploufe^I
made an Original Draught of it. This, and all the other Sorts of the Scarlet-Pai rots, call d
Lories , are brought from the Eafi Indies. I cannot dilcover that the above- defcribed Species
hath yet been mention’d or figur’d by any Natural Hiftorian. I take this to be what Albin s
fhould have been, had his Figure been from Nature. He has made a yellow Ring allround
the Neck, which ihould have been only on the Brea tt. See Min's Hiftory of Birds , Vol I. P. 13.

I have feen a greater Number of this Species than of the lafl defcribed* or of any oiher or tie
Lories, all agreeing very exactly with the above Defcription, r ■

( * 7 2 )

The Scarlet Lory.

H I S Bird is of the Bignefs of thelaft defcribed, or equal to a fmall Pigeon;
and differs principally from the two foregoing Lories , in having the Grown of
the Head Red, where it is Black in them.

The Bill is of an Orange-Colour; the upper Chap hangs over the Nether, and is
pointed as in the reft of this Genus : The Edges of the upper Mandible have a
Wave or Bend on them, which is beft expreffed by the Figure. The Noftrils arc
placed near each other in an A fh- coloured Skin, that covers the middle Part of the
Bafe of the upper Mandible of the Bill. The Irides of the Eyes are of a fine
Orange-Colour, lighter round the Pupils, and darker in the outer Circumference *
the Eyes are placed in Spaces covered with a bare Afh-colour’d Skin. The Head,
Neck, whole Body, both above and beneath, and the upper and under Coverts of
the Tail, are of a very fine Red, or Scarlet-Colour, except the Feathers at the lower
Part of the Neck behind, (or the Beginning of the Back) which are tipped with
Yellow, and -form a broken yellow Spot. The lower Part of the Thighs juft above
the Knees is Green ; the upper Red, like the reft of the Body. The greater Quills
of the Wings are of a dark Green, inclining to Blue ; the Remainder that fall over
them of a lighter Green. The firft Row of Coverts are of a yellow Green; the
Idler Covert-Feathers of a fuller Green ; the fmaller Feathers in the upper Part of
the Wing, about the Joint, are Yellow ; the Ridge of the Wing, a little below the
Joint, is Blue ; the ten Prime, or firft Quills, have their inner Webs Red, almoft to
their Tips, which are Dufky or Blackifh ; the Covert-Feathers within Side of the
Wings are Dufky, and fringed with Yellow. The upper Side of the Tail is of a fine
Blue, the Middle-Feathers being tinctured a little with Green ; the inner W ebs of the
Tail-Feathers are Red at their Bottoms, and Yeilowifh at their Tips, fo that the
under Side of the Tail appears of a yeilowifh Colour. The Legs and Feet are co-~
vered with- a fcaly Skin of a blueifh-black Colour.

This Bird was the Property of the firft Lady of the Right Honourable Sir
Robert Walpole , (afterwards created Earl of Orford ) who told me it was brought
from the Eajl-Indies . I have feen four of this Species, which all agreed in their
Marks and Colours, though one of them was lefs bright than the others, which I
apprehend might be a Hen-Bird. I believe we have no Figure extant of this Bird,
though our Countryman, Mr. Willughby , has given a Defcription of it, which he
calls the Scarlet Parakeeto with green and black Wings. See his Ornithology, P . i 17.
His Defcription is fomewhat brief. I have had Opportunities of giving a fuller
Defcription of it, as I drew the Bird when living, and had it fent to me after it
died to get the Skin fluffed, by winch Means I could more nicely examine every
Part, in order to compleat my Defcription. lam fatisfied that this Bird, as well as
the two laft deferib’d, are all different and diftinft Species of the Parrot , having. feen*
fever A of each Sort, wlfich . exactly agreed in Colour, Size and Marking.

We

( i73 )

The Long-tailed Scarlet Lory.

T H E Bird figur’d in the annex’d Plate is reprefented of its natu-
ral Bignefs : It differs principally from the three laft foregoing
Lories , in being fmaller, and in having a longer and fomewhat point-
ed-Tail, the Middle-Feathers being an Inch and a half longer than the
fhorteft Feathers on the Sides.

It hath a pretty ftrong Bill in Proportion, made like thofe of other
Parrots, of an Orange-Colour ; it hath a little Bend or Wave on the
Edges of the upper Mandible ; the Noftrils are placed near together, in
a dusky Skin at the Bafe of the upper Part of the Bill ; the Colour of
the Eyes unknown ; (the Original being only a fluffed Bird, but well
preferved) round each Eye is a Space of bare Skin, of a dusky Colour;
the whole Head, Neck, Body both above and beneath, Sides under the
Wings, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers above and beneath the Tail, are of a
fine Red, or Scarlet-Colour ; yet the Fore-part of the Neck and Breaft is
lighter, with a little Yellow on the Edges of the Feathers ; the greater
Quills of the Wings are Red, tipped with Green, as are the Middle-
Quills ; the remaining three or four Quills next the Back are wholly
of a very fine blue Colour ; the firft Row of Coverts of the Wings, are
Red tipped with Green, like the Quills they cover ; the leffer Covert-
Feathers of the Wings are wholly Red, except the Top of the Wing a-
bout the Joint, which is Green ; the Infides of the Wings are of a pale
Red, except the Ends of the Quills, which are Dusky ; the Feathers
of the Tail are a little pointed ; thofe in the Middle longer than the Side-
Feathers, and all of a duller Red than thofe of the Body ; the two
outer Feathers, and the Tips of all the others are a little tindured with
Green; the under Side of the Tail is of a dull Red; the Coverts beneath the
Tail (not fhewn in the Figure) are a dull Red, fringed with a fine Blue ;
the Legs and Feet are of a dusky or blackifh Colour, agreeing in Shape
with thofe of other Parrots; the Toes are arm’d with pretty ftrong Claws.

This beautiful and rare little Parrot is the only one of its Species I have yet feen : It was ex-
pofed to Sale (Huffed, and fet on a Perch) in a Toy-Shop Window, in London , from whence I
purchafed it. The Seller could give no Account from whence it was brought. I examined it
Briefly, and found it to be the perfedt natural Skin of a Parrot, before I made a Draught of it.
My Geo '.I Patron, Sir Hans Shane , in Regard to its Rarity, has fince given it a Place in I is
Gallery of Curioficies, where it was feen by a Gentleman, who aTured Sir Hans that he once
had one of the felf fame Species living, and that his Friend who gave it him, faid it was
by ghr from the Ifland of Borneo , in the Eajl-lndies . I can find no Account of this Bird, and
fcekeve it to be a Non defeript* Lbi

( r 74 }

The Lory-Parrakeet.

T H E Figure reprefents this Bird of its natural Size. Though it be Green in the
Body, contrary to the other Lories, the Colour of whofe Bodies are princi-
pally Red, yet it agrees with the firfl: two Sorts, in having a blackifh-biue Cap, and
with all the four la If defcribcd in the Shape and Colour of the Bill, Feet, and bare
Skin round the Eyes, and in having the Throat and Bread: Red. In Beauty of
Colouring and elegant Difpofition of its Varieties of Colours, it gives Place to none.

The Bill is of a bright Orange-Colour, pretty much hooked, and waved on the
Edges of the upper Mandible 5 the Noftrils are placed in a dufky Skin, on the upper
Part of the Bafe of the Bill ; the Irides of the Eyes are of a reddilh Orange- Colour,
encompaffed with Spaces of bare Skin of an Afh-Colour ; the Crown of the Head
is cover’d with dark Feathers, with a fine blue Glofs ; immediately behind thefe
Feathers follows a Crefcent of Scarlet-Feathers, the Horns of which point towards the
Eyes. The Ears are cover’d with Plats of dark-blue Feathers, behind which the
Feathers are Yellow. The Sides of the Head below the Eyes, and the Throat and
Bread:, are cover’d with fine Red, or Scarlet-Feathers ; thofe of the Bread have their
Tips fringed with blackifh Green. The Hinder-part of the Neck, the Back, Wings,
and whole under Side of the Body are Green, except fome little Mixture of Yellow,
vtz. a longifh yellow Spot on each Side, which parts the Red on the Bread - , from
the Green on the Sides. The Middle of the Back, and the Sides of the Belly, have
their Feathers tipped with Yellow, which appears in diftindfc Spots ; the Wings have
fome of the Quills, next the Back, edged with Yellow ; the Feathers of the Baftard-
Wing are alfo edged with Yellow; the Reft of the Wing is wholly Green ; the upper
Side of the Tail, and its Coverts, are Green ; the Feathers are long in the Middle, and
fhortening gradually towards the Sides. The Tail-Feathers, on their under Sides,
are Red at their Bottoms, and yellowifh-Green at their Tips ; the Coverts beneath
the Tail are of a light-yellowidi Green ; the Legs, Feet and Claws, are of a dark Afh-
Colour; the Toes are difpofed, two forwards and two backwards, as in all other
Parrots.

This Bird was the Property of the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wager , for whofe
Lady I made a Draught of it, and, by her Permifiion, made another for myfelf. My
Lady told me it was brought from the Eajl-lndies , , which I believed before I enquired,
it agreeing in fo many Particulars with the Red Indian Lories . This Draught was
from the living Bird. I have fince feen another of this Species, preferved dead, which
differed from this in having a great Mixture of Yellow in the green Part of the Bird,
fo that it was hard to fay whether the Green or Yellow mod prevail’d. I can find no
Defcription of it, fo that it appears to me an undoubted Non-defcript.

The Fly engraved on this Plate has the Head and Body of a dull Green ; the
Wings are of a dirty-purpliih Brown, with fome tranfparent Spots in them. I drew
it from Nature, but forgot to note from whence it was brought ; but I think it was
from the Weft-Indies .

Vol. IV.

The

F

( *75 )

Lhe Long-tailed Green Parrakee t.

T HIS Bird is reprefented fomething lefs than Life : It is about
the Bignefs of the greater Sort of Thrufh, and hath a longer
Tail than ordinary, in Proportion to its Size,

The Bill is fhaped like thofe of other Parrots, of a Flefh-Colour,
lighter at the Bafe, and darker towards the Point ; the Noftrils are
placed in a Skin at the Bafe of the upper Part of the Bill ; the Irides
of the Eyes are of a reddifh Colour outwardly, but inclining to Afh-
Colour next the Pupil, which is Black. A Space of bare Flefh-
colour’d Skin encompaffes each Eye. The Plumage of the whole Bird
may be called Green, though with Variety of Shades and Inclinations
to other Colours. The Top of the Head, the Neck on its upper Side,
the Back and upper Sides of the Wings and Tail, are of a fullpleafant
Green, inclining neither to Blue, nor Yellow, but keeping a juft Me-
dium between them both, (Greens in Colouring being compofed of
Blues and Yellows:) the under Side of the Bird is of a lighter Greets
and more inclining to Yellow than the upper Side ; the Infides of the
Wings are of a palifh dusky Green \ the Points or Tips of all the
Tail-Feathers become gradually of. a very blue Green, and are quite
Blue near their Points, which are pretty fharp ; the under Side of the
Tail inclines to a dusky Green* the Legs and Feet are of a pale-pur*-
plifh Flefh-Colour, agreeing in Make, and theDifpofition of. the. Toes*,,
with other Parrots.

This Bird was {Anno 1736) the Property of the Lady of Sir Charles Wager, who
employ’d me to draw it for her, and gave me Liberty to. take a Draught of it for my
own Ufe. I was inform’d by her Ladyfhip that it was brought from the Weft-Indies,

I have examined Willughhf s Ornithology , and find leveral long-tailed Parrakeets ,
all Green, mention’d by him in P. 116. but they all differ, in fome little Particulars,
from the above defcribed, and there being no Draughts of any of them in Willughb y,
i thought it would not be improper to prefent this Figure to the Publick.

The Fly here figur’d, is a Species of the Butterfly, having the Wings but little
cover’d with Down, and appearing tranfparent in the yellowifh Parts ; the Body is
of a dufky Colour beneath, and browner above the Ground of the upper Wings is
Yellow and Orange fhaded together ; the under Wings are Orange-Colour ; all the
four Wings are variegated, fpotted and border’d with Black j the under Sides of the
Wings have white Spots round their Borders, which do not appear on their upper
Sides. I was inform’d it came from the Weft-Indies .

The

#

[ r 7 6 ]

The Red and Blue-Headed Parrakeet.

T HIS Bird is here reprefented of its natural Bignefs. It is a
beautiful little Green Parrot, of the long-tailed Kind ; the Tail
having its Middle -Feathers longeft, and the Side-Feathers gradually
fhortening.

The Bill hath Angles on the Edges of the upper Mandible, more
fharp and fudden than in fome other Parrots, pretty much hooked at
the Point, of a light Afh-Colour, or whitifh above, and having fome
darker Shades beneath ; the Noftrils are placed in a Skin that parts the
Bill from the Forehead ; the Irides of the Eyes are of a Yellow or
Orange-Colour; the Space of bare Skin that furrounds the Eye, is alfo of
an Orange-Colour (which is not a common Colour in that Part ;) the
Forehead, from the Bill to the Middle of the Crown, is of a Red, or Scar-
let-Colour; the Remainder of the Crown of the Head backwards, is of
a fine Blue, which foftens into the Green on the Hinder-part of the
Head; the Head below the Eyes, the Neck, Back, Wings above,
and upper Side of the Tail, are of a pretty full, darkifh Green ; the
Throat, Breaft, and whole under Side, are of a lighter Green, inclining
to Yellow ; the Quills of the Wings (except a few next the Back) are
tipped pretty deep with Blue on their outer Webs ; the Infides of the
Quills are of a dark Afh-Colour, and the under Side of the Tail is of
a dusky Green; the Legs and Feet are of a whitifh Afh-Colour, in-
clining to a Flefh-Colour; they are made as in other Parrots.

This-Bird was the Property of Lady Wager : ■ It was a very lively, talkative, or ra-
ther chattering Bird, it fpeaking few Words diftindly. Thefe Birds are brought
fromth z Weft-Indies... I can find no Defcription in Natural Hiftory agreeing with
it ; what comes neareft, is Marcgrave' s fecond Parrakeet , call’d Tidaputejuba. See
his Hiji. Avium-, Lib. V. P. 206. though I do not think it the fame . Bird ; but if
it were, it would be very proper to Figure it here, fince Marcgrave has given no
Draughts of any of the Parrots he has defcribed, except the Blue and Yellow Mdccaio.

The above-mention’ d curious Lady being a great Admirer of Birds, had by PrefentS
and Purchafe, procured a greater living Colle&ion of rare Foreign Birds, than any
other Perfon in London, and I owe a good Part ot my Collection of Drawings to her
Goodnefs, in communicating to me the Knowledge .of every thing. New that came to -
Let Hands.

The

( i77 )

The Brown-throated Parrakeet.

T HIS Bird is reprefented of its natural Bignefs : It is of the long
and pointed-Tail-Kind ; the Tail in the Ad ion expreffed, being
fore-fhortened, appears fomething fhorter than it really is in Proportion
to the Bird.

The Bill is of an Afh- Colour, light at the Bafe of the upper Man-
dible, the Point gradually becoming darker ; the lower Mandible is
alfo dark ; the Noftrils are placed in an Afh-colour’d Skin at the Bafe
of the upper Part of the Bill ; the Hook of the Bill is pretty fharp, and
the Edges are angled, or rather waved. The Iris of the Eye is of a
yellowifh Hazel-Colour ; the Eye is placed in a Plat of bare Skin, of
a White, or light Afh-Colour. From Eye to Eye, acrofs the Middle
of the Crown of the Head, is a darkifh-Slue Bar, of half an Inch in
Breadth, The Feathers on the Forehead next the Bill, the Sides of the
Head beneath the Eyes, the Throat and Forefide of the Neck, are all
of a dusky-brown Colour; the Hinder-part of the Head and Neck, the
Back, and upper Side of the Wings and Tail, are cover’d with Feathers of a
pleafant full-green Colour. The Tips of the greater Quills are Blue above,
and Dusky beneath. The Ridges of the Wings about their Joints, and
the inner Coverts of the Wings, are of a yellowifh Green. The under
Side of the Tail is of an obfcure yellow Green. The Bread:, Belly,
Thighs and Covert-Feathers under the Tail, are of a light-yel-
lowifh Green. The Brown at the Bottom of the Neck breaks off gra-
dually, and falls in Spots on the Bread:. The Legs and Feet are of a
pale-brownifh Flefh-Colour ; the Toes ftand as in other Parrots.

I faw this Bird at the Houfe of a Gentleman in York- Buildings, in
the Strand , where I was direded to take a Draught of it by another
Gentleman who employs me. My Friend for whom I made the
Draught, told me, the Bird was brought from the W ejl- Indies. What
is moft remarkable in it is the Fore- part of the Head and Neck, which
is of a brownifh Colour : The Colours in Parrots being generally gay
all over their Body. I can find nothing agreeing with the Defcrip-
tion of this Bird, fo that I believe it to be a Non-defcript.

7, be

v

( I 7 8 )

The Grenadier.

T H I S Bird was brought from Lisbon , and is call’d by the Portuguese, Grenidiero , but
for what Reafon I know not, except for its being a bold Bird, that will fight through
the Wires of its Cage ; or perhaps the Uniform of the Grenadiers of Portugal may be of an
Orange-Colour. It was drawn from the living Bird, and of its natural Bignefs.

The Bill is thick and fhortifh, and of a dufky Black, ending in a Point, like the Bills of fuch
Birds as crack Seed and Grain ; the Fore-part of the Head is Black, which Colour furrounds
the Eyes, (which are alfo dark) and reaches as far as the Ears on the Sides of the Head *, the
Hinder-part of the Head, and the Neck all round, for its whole Length, is of a finebright-
reddifh Orange-Colour ; the lower Part of the Back and Rump, is of the fame bright Orange ,
the Middle of the Back, and the upper Side of the Wings and the Tail, (which is Ihort in Pro-
portion) are all of a dirty brown, inclining to Black *, each Feather being fringed or edged
with a lighter Brown, except the greater Quills, which towards their Tips are wholly Dufky.
The Belly, as far as the Legs, is Black the Thighs, lower Belly, and Covert-Feathers under
the Tail, are Whitifh ; the Legs and Feet are like thole of other fin all Birds j both Legs, Feet
and Claws, are of a Whitifh, or Flefh-Colour.

The above defcribed Bird is now ( Anno 1750) the Property of George Shelvocke , Efq; Se-
cretary to the Right Honourable the Earl of Leicefter , Pott- Matter General. Mr. Shelvocke
having lately received a large living Colle&ion of Birds from Lisbon , the Produdt of the Por-
tuguese Settlements in diftant Parts of the World, he -was fo good as to communicate them
to me, (though a Stranger to his Perfon) with a kind Invitation. to fpend a Day at his Houfe
at Greenwich , in order to take Draughts of them, to furnifh this Natural Hiftory with Matter.
This Bird was brought from Angola , a Portuguese Settlement on the Weftern Coaft of Africa \
his Note is not very agreeable, it refembling the Winding-up of a Clock. I believe this Bird
may fafely be pronounced a Non-defcript.

The little dufky Butterfly, fpotted with Yellow, and the fmall black and yellow Beetle,
were fent to me by Roger North , of Rougham , in Norfolk , Efq-, who fays the Fly is not pub-
lifhed, either by Albin or Wilks, in their Hittories of Moths and Butterflies. The Ground of
die Fly is of a dark-greeniih Brown, the Spots are Yellow, and in fome of the yellow Spots
are round black Spots, with fmall yellow Points in their Middles : The Fly and fmall Beetle are
of their natural Size ; the Beetle is Black, with yellow Spots they are both Natives of the
County of Norfolk.

The lower Figures reprefent three Views of the folid Shells of Scarabm , or Beetles : They
were brought from a Country about two hundred Leagues from the Cape of Good Hope , on
the Eaftern Coaft of Africa, over-againft Part of the Ifland of Madagafcar, and were found
hanging on the Necks of the Natives, who made Ufe of them as Whittles to call their Cattle
together ; the upper Surface has the Appearance of rough Wings, but is fo ftrongly united to
the under that it feems incapable of being feparated, without breaking it to Pieces. It is on both
Sides very ftrong and hard, and impenetrable even to a fharp Needle thruft very hard againft
it : On its upper Side it has a Dozen or more little Rows of round Knobs, running Lengthways,
and the Spaces between the Rows are roughened with very fmall Knobs : It is of a black Co-
lour, but fpotted with Red between each Knob in the Rows on the Back, and it hath alfo fome
red Spots on its underSide. Thele Shells were lent to me by Mr. Child , Printer, near Lud-
gate, who in the Courfe of a Voyage to India , procured them from off the Necks of the People
above-mentioned : He fays, the Beetles when living, fly with great Force againft one's Head
or Face ; tho* to me it is inconceivable how they can fly at all. They are figur’d of their natu-
ral Size, and are, I believe, hitherto undefcribed. This was etched on the Copper dire&ly from
Nature.

Vol. IV, G The

( *79 )

The Grey Finch.

T H E upper Figure in the annexed Plate reprefents this Bird of its natural Size, drawn
from the Life : It is much of the Size and Shape, and hath the. fame Aftion with our
Linnet, and like that, is a fine finging Bird. I fhould have named it the Grey Linnet, but
that we have already a Bird in our Country fo called, though it be of a brown Colour.

The Bill is of a dark Afh-Colour, fhaped like a Linnet’s Bill, but fbmething grofler in
Proportion; the Eyes are of a dark, or black Colour *, it hath a little Whitenefs round the
Bafe of the lower Chap of the Bill, which Whitenefs extends itfelf under the Eyes. The
Bread, Belly, and whole under Side, is of a very light-bluilh Afh-Colour ; the Top of the
Head, upper Side of the Neck, and the Back, are of a dark Afh-Colour ; the Rump, and
Coverts on the upper Side of the Tail, are of a very light Afh-Colour. The upper Sides of
the Wings and Tail are Dufky, inclining to Black, the Edges only of the Feathers being ot a.
light Afh-Colour *, the greater Quills are wholly Dufky at their Tips, and White at their
Bottoms, which forms a white Spot in each Wing. The Legs, Feet and Claws, are formed as-
in other fmall Birds, all of a dark Flefh-Colour.

The Wax Bill.

T HE lower Figure in the Plate reprefents this beautiful little Bird of its natural Size t
It hath the Middle-Feathers of the Tail longer than thofe on the Sides, which Particu-
larity is not, I believe, to be found amongft fmall Birds that eat Seeds, in this Part of the World,*
though it be common to Butcher-Birds. This Draught was takemfrom the living-.Bird..

The Bill is of a moderate Bignefs for a hard-bill’d Bird, and of a fine red Colour,, like Seal-
ing-Wax, which I fuppofe gave the Bird its Name. From the Angle of the Mouth gaffes a
long red Spot, broad in the Middle, and ending in a Point about the Place of the Ear *, in the.
Middle of this Spot is placed the Ey.e, which is Black. The Top of the Head, upper Sioe
of the Neck, the Back, upper Sides of the Wings and Tail, are of a dark, dufkey-brown
Colour -, the Sides of the Head, beneath the red Marks, are Whitifh, and the Bread becomes-*
gradually of a light Afh-Colour ; the Sides of the Belly, Thighs, Coverts of the Tail, both,
above and beneath, are alfo of a light-hrownifii AOi-Colour ; the lower Part. of the Bread,
and Middle of the Belly, is finely dained with a longifh red Spot, which gradually lofes itfell
in the brownifh Afla-Colour that borders it all round. All the brown Feathers in this Bird, om
its upper Side, on the Sides of the Belly, are tranfverfly marked with fine Lines of a darker
Colour, as the Figure fully expreffes. Its Toes ftand, three forwards, and one. backwards, as*
in mod other fmall Birds, all of a dufky Colour.

The curious Birds above defcribed, are the Property of George Shefaocke, Eiq; ^Tney were
fent to him, with many others, from hifbon \ and his Correfpondent there, inform d him that
they were brought to Lijhon from the Eaft-lndies. I believe they, have never been defcribed or

figur’d till now. _ ,

The Caterpillar, added by Way of Decoration, at the Bottom of the Plate, is of a dirty*
ferownifh yellow Colour ; it is drawn of its natural Bignefs its Rings and Shape are bed de-
fcribed by the Figure. What is mod extraordinary in it is, that the four Rows of Knobs which »
rife like the Heads of fmall Brafs Nails, of a yellow Metalline-Colour, are of fuch tranfcendent.
Ludre and Bnghtnefs, as not to be in any Sort imitated by Art; for in my Opinion, they^excei
t olifhed Gold, in the fame Degree that Gold excels^Brafs. It is preferved in Spirits, and is in,
the Mufcm of Richard Mead, M. D. Phyfician in Ordinary to the King, who obliged me
with the Lfe of it. Itwas etch.d on the Copper immediately from Nature,

( 180 )

The Sparrow o/Parad ise.

T HIS Bird is here reprefented of its natural Bignefs : It hath the Bill fomething ftronger
and thicker in Proportion, than is common in the granivorous Kind ; it hath the Mid-
dle-Feathers of the Tail longer than the Side-Feathers, which is not common in Birds that
crack Seeds. It was call’d by the Portugueze at Lifbon y from whence it was laft brought,
P offer o de Paradifo.

The Bill is large in Proportion to the Size of the Bird ; its Shape is very nearly exprefled in
the Figure, and it is of a white, or light Flefh-Colour *, the Noftrils fall fo near its Bafe, as to
be loft in the Feathers of the Forehead ; the Eyes are Black, or of a dark Colour ; the whole
Head is cover’d with Red, or Scarlet-Feathers j the upper Side of the Neck, the Back, Rump,
upper Sides of the. Wings and Tail, are of a darkifh-blue Afh-Colour ; the Tips of the
Quills, the firft and fecond Rows of Coverts of the Wings, the Tail-Feathers, and its Coverts,
are all tipped with a white, or light Afh*Colour *, the Breaft and Belly are variegated with
Black and White, in a Manner fomething refembling the Scales of Fifties, but more broken
and oonfufed. In this Mixture,, on the Sides of the Belly, is interfperfed a Tin&ure of a reddifh
Browm The Thighs, lower Belly, and C overt-Feathers under the Tail, are White *, the
Legs, Feet- and Claws, are of a Flelh-Colour, the Toes ftanding three forwards, and one back-
wards, after the ufual Manner.

This Bird 1 drew from the living Bird, which is in the Poffeffion of George SheIvocke y Efqj
who was informed, from LiJbon y , that its Native Place was Angola , in Africa . I believe it to
be a Non-delcript.

The Great Bat, from Madagafcar.

B Y meafuring the Wing-Bones of this Bai y 1 find, that from the Tip- End of one Wing, to
the Tip-End of the other, they were capahle of being. extended forty-five Inches, or three
Feet and nine Inches of Engti/h Meafure : I was obliged to reduce the whole Figure very much
to bring it into one of my Plates, but I have given the Head of the exadl Bignefs of Life, from
whence an Idea of this Fiend (as' l may call it) may be formed. I have likewife reduced the
Figure of our common little Bat, in the fame Proportion as I have the Great-one, by which
their Difference may be feen.

It differs from our Bats in that it wants a Tail ; which Want leaves the Wings in this dis-
joined, whereas they are joined and webbed to the Tail in ours. The Snout is Black, and it
hath ftrong and fharp Teeth, which are juftly reprefented in the Figure, The Top of the
Head, the Neck all round, and the Breaft, are of a reddifh Tox-Colour ; the under Side of
the Body is of a lighter Brown •, the Back and Winjs, on both Sides, appear Dufky or Black
in the dried Bat, It hath eight fmall FrontrTeeth, four above, and four beneath ; the hinder
I^gs have each five Toes, armed with, ftrong Claws ^ the Legs forward (or rather Wings)
have the firft Toe detached from the Web, with a ftrong Claw on it *, the fecond Toe is not
detached from the Web on its inner Side, yet it hath a Claw at its Extremity ; the three re-
maining Toes are webbed together on both Sides, and feem to ferve for no Ufe but as Ribs to
extend the thin, Membranes, that form the Wings. See three other Sorts of Bats, PL 2Qi. of
this Work.

This Bar was brought (curioufly prefervea) by Mr. May y Chief-Mate of the Houghton , in the India -
Company’s Service, who touched at Madagafcar , Anno 1748. When wounded with a Gun, they are
very fierce, fnapping at, and. biting thofe who offer to take them. All Voyagers who have mentioned them
agree that they are tieftrudtive Animals, that they will dip into the Sea for Fifh, or devour any I hing they
find on Land. The Rev. Mr. Hughes , in his late Hi/iory of Barbadoes, fays, the Bats in that 111 arid:
deftroy the Sugar-Canes, This Bat. was worked-on the Copper- Plate dire&ly from Nature*

( i8i )

The Little Indian P y e .

T H E Bird is reprefented here as big as Life : I take it to be a Cock- Bird ; the
Hen was brought over with it, and differ’d from it only in being of a duller Caft
of Colour in the black Parts ; the Head in the Hen being of an Afh-colour’d Black ;
the upper Side of the Back, Wings and Tail, of a brownifh Black ; the Tail a little
more pointed than in the Cock. Thofe Parts that are White, are the fame in both
Cock and Hen.

The Cock-Bird (here figur’d) hath the Bill of a black or dufky Colour towards the
Point ; the Angles at the Corners of the Mouth are of an Orange-Colour ; the Head
and Neck, as far as the Middle of the Bread, the Back, Rump, and Covert-Feathers
of the Wings, are of a deep-black Colour, having a fhining Glofs, changeable from
Blue to Purple. The Quill-Feathers of the Wings, and thofe on the Ridge of the
Wing next the Bread, are of a black Colour, a little inclining to Brown ; a few of
the Middle-Quills are White ; the firft Row of Coverts, next above the Quills, are alio
White. The Belly, Thighs, and Coverts under the Tail are White ; the Middle-
Feathers of the Tail are Black, andfomething longer than thofe on the Sides, which
are White. The Legs and Feet are of a dark-brown Colour ; the Toes (landing three
forwards, and one backwards, after the ufual Manner ; the Toes have pretty drong
Claws. /

Thefe Birds were fent from Bengal, preferved dry, to the late Mr. Jofeph Dandridge ,
of Moorfields , London. They are the fame with the Cock and Hen Saularies of
Petiver. See Ray’s Synopjis Methodica Avium, P. 197. Lab. 2. N. 19, 20. They
were fent to Mr. Dandridge, by the Name Dyal. Mr. Albin has figur’d and defcrib’d
thefe Birds in his third Volume of Birds, P . 17, where he calls it the Bengal Magpye ,
but as the former Draughts of them are not fo correct as could be wifhed, I have en-
deavoured at an Improvement in my Defigns and Defcriptions ; and as I have begun
to improve on the Birds of Mr. Dandridge’ § Collection, figur’d already by Mr. Albtn ,
I defign to go through with them, they being moflof them New, and very Curious.
This Apology may ferve for all the Reft.

The Ground S q_u ir r e u

T H E lower Figure in the Plate fhews this pretty Animal of its natural Bignefs. It is m
general of a reddifh-brown Colour, with the Variations following : About the Nofe, and
round the Eyes, it is of a light Cream-Colour ; on each Side it hath alfo a Stripe of Cream-
Colour, which Stripe is edged both on its upper and under Side with Black ; down the Ridge
of the Back it hath a black Line altnoft to the Tail ; the Tail is of a more dufky Brown than
the Body •, it hath pretty full black Eyes *, the Belly is of a pure white Colour *, the Tip of the
Nofe, and the Feet, which are thinly cover’d with Hair, appear of a Flefh- Colour ; the Feet
forwards, have four Toes, each with a Rudiment of a Toe ; the hinder Feet have five diftindl
Toes on each.

This Squirrel was the Property of Sir Hans Sloane , Bart. They are brought from Carolina ,
and other Parts of North- America. It has been figur’d and defcrib’d by my late Friend, Mr.
Cates by, in his Hifiory of Carolina , Vol. II. P. 75, but as that expenfive Work will fall into but
few Hands, I hope this Figure will prove acceptable to molt of my Encouragers.

fhe

V

[ l8i ]

The /potted Indian Woodpecker.

T H E Figure reprefents the Bird of its natural Bignefs. Albin in his third
VoL of Birds , T. 21. has figur’d it, and fays, it is of the fame Bignefs
our Englijh Green Woodpecker , which is a great Miftake 5 if he had compar’d it with
our Greater Spotted Woodpecker , he had been Right. When a Bird is drawn of its
natural Size, as Mr. Albin ' s is, there is no need to compare it with any other to fix its
Magnitude.

The Bill is long, ftraight, ridged along the upper Part, and of a dufky or
blackifh Colour 3 the Crown of the Head, from the Bill backwards, to beyond
the Eyes, is Black, fpotted with finall white Spots 3 behind which, the Hinder-
part of the Head is cover’d with long Scarlet-Feathers, which tend backwards, in
Form of a Creft. The Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes are White 3 the Throat,
from the Bill to the Middle of the Breafl, is fpotted in a broken confufed Manner
with large Spots of Black and White 3 the Hinder-part of the Neck is Black 3 on
each Side of the Neck there paffes a white Line down as low as the Wings 3 the
Beginning of the Back is of a yellow Colour 3 the lower Part and Rump are of a
dull Green 3 the Belly, Thighs, and Covert-Feathers beneath the Tail, are White,
fprinkled with Half-moon-like Spots, which are flrongefl next the Breafi, and be-
come much fainter downwards. Some of the outermofl Prime-Quills are Black,
barred acrofs with four narrow Beds of White 3 the Remainder of the Quills next
the Back, are of a dull Green, as is the Row of Covert-Feathers above them 3 the
Baftard-Wing, or Coverts that fall on the Prime-Quills, are Black like them, with a
Bar of White acrofs them 5 the leffer Covert-Feathers on the upper Part of the
Wing, are of a dark Brown, or blackifh Colour, marked with very diflindfc white
Spots, in the Form of the Leaves of fame Trees. The green Co vert- Feathers Be-
tween thefe dark Ones and the Quills, are fpotted with a lighter yellow Green. The
Tail is Blackifh, with a little Cafl of dull Green 3 the Feathers are fliff and pointed,
as in others of the Woodpecker-Kind. The Legs, Feet and Claws, are of a black
or dufky Colour 3 the Bottoms of the Feet have a little of a Sandy-Calf 3 the Toes are
placed, two backwards, and two forwards, on each Foot 3 its Claws or Nails are pretty
Itrong.

This Bird was drawn from the Collection of the late Mr. Dandridge. It came
from Bengaly and has never been defcribed but by Mr. Albin. Mr. Dandridge was
not well fatisfied with the Draughts Albin had made of the Birds in his Collection, fo he
defir’d me to take them all to my Houfe, and make Draughts of them at my Leifure,
that I might publifh them fomething improved. I fhall omit giving the Colour of
their Eyes, Albin having done that already, tho’ the Birds all came over dried to Mr.
Dandridge , and confequently the Eyes of them were obfcured.

The

Vol, IV,

H

( i8 3 J

The Indian B e e-E a t e r.

T HE Bird is here reprefented of its natural Bignefs : It differs from the Merop s f
or Bee-Eater found in Europe, in being not half fo big, and in having the
Middle-Feathers of the Tail much longer. It is certainly a diftineft Species from the
Mercps of Europe, tho’ Mr. Albin would make this fmall one the Male of the other.

The Bill is pretty long, fharp-pointed, and a little bowed downwards ; the upper
Mandible is Black or Dufky, the Nether Whitifh at its Bafe ; from the Corner of
the Mouth there paffes a black Line through the Eye, bending downwards on the
Side of the Head. The Beginning of the Forehead, next the Bill,, is Blue, as are
the Throat and Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes; the Crown and Hinder-parts of '
the Head and Neck, are of a Red, or Grange-Colour. On the upper Part of the
Breaft is a Black tranfverfe Mark, like a New Moon with the Horns turn’d upwards.
The Back and leffer Covert-Feathers of the Wings, are of a Parrots Green ; the Rump,
or Coverts ofthe Tail, are of a bluifh Green ; the Breaft and Belly are of a light Green ;
the Thighs of a reddifh Brown ; the Coverts beneath the Tail of a dirty Green. The
greater Quills ofthe Wings are Black or Dufky at their Tips, having a little Green
on their Edges towards their Roots ; the Middle-Quills are of an Orange-Colour,
border’d with Green, having black Spots a little within their Tips, the very Tips
being Orange- Colour ; the inner Quills next the Back are wholly Green; the firff.
Row of Coverts above the Quills, are Orange in their Middles, and Green on their
Borders; the Tail is Green; the Shafts of the Feathers are dark Brown; the two
Middle-Feathers fhootout more than two Inches beyond the Reft, are Brown at their
Tips, and very narrow, being little more than the bare Shafts. The under Side of
the Tail is of a dufky Green. The Legs arefhort, as in the King-Fifher, of which
it is a Species. The three forward Toes are joined partly together, the outer to the
Middle one more efpecially ; its Claws are pretty ftrong ; the Legs and Feet ofa dufky-
brown Colour.

This Bird is one of the Collection of Mr. Dandridge : It was brought from. Bengal . .
Albin has given a bad Defcription of it, borrowing whole Lines from JVillugbbfs Me—
rops, which is manifeftly quite a different Bird. See IVillughbfs Defcription, in his
Ornithology , P. 147, zndAlbin’s in his Hi/lory of Birds , VoL III. P. 29,

Elichryfum Africanutn , Foliis lanceolati$ y integris , tomentojis , decur-
rentibus , Capitulis congefiis y ex Rubello aureisi

T H I S Plant bears only a fmgle Bunch of Flowers at the Top, as I am inform’d, (which
I did not know when the Plate was Graving;) having a fingle Bunch, I increafed it in my
Drawing to decorate the Plate, but am defirous here to reftify the Miftake. The Flowers are
of their natural Bignefs, in the Fafhion of an Artichoke, of a Red, or Rofe-Colour on their
upper Parrs, and a Golden-Colour beneath ; the Leaves of the Plant are of a dirty-white
Colour, without Foot Stalks ; both Leaves and Stem are cover’d with a cottony Subftance.
Mr. Watfcn , F. R. S. of Alderfgate-ftreet , obliged me with the above Botanical Name of this
Plant. I take it to be a Non-defcript.

This Flower was brought from the Cape of Good Hope , by my good Friend Captain Ifaac
Worth, Commander of the Houghton Indiaman , Anno 1749.

Us

( *8 4 )

*The Brown Indian Thrush.

T H E Bird is here figur’d of its natural Bignefs : It appears plain-
ly to be of the Thrufti-Kind, tho’ it be not fpotted. Mr. Albin
lias figur’d it in his third Volume of Birds , P. 18, He fays, the exterior
Edges of the Covert and Quill-Feathers are White, which Whitenefs I
could not difcover ; the Edges of thefe Feathers are indeed of a lighter
Brown, but far from White.

The Bill is pretty much like that of a Thrufli, of a yellow Colour.
The Head and whole upper Side, Neck, Back, Wings, Rump and
Tail, are of a dusky dark-brown Colour. The Bread:,, Belly, Thighs
and Coverts beneath the Tail, are of a lightifh-brown Colour, gradu-
ally mixing with the darker Brown on the Sides of the Neck, and the
upper Part of the Bread: ; the Feathers of the Wings have their Edges
or Borders a little lighter than their Middles ; the Tail beneath is more
Dusky than it is above ; the middlemoft Feathers are longer by an
Inch than the Outfide-ones, they decreafing gradually from the Middle
to the Sides. The Legs, Toes and Claws, are all of a yellow Colour ;
the Toes ftand three forwards, and one backwards, after the Mariner of
moft Birds*

This Bird was in the Colledlion of the late Mr. Dandridge , It was
brought from Bengal in the Fajl-Indies . Mr. Albin has beftow’d a
beautiful yellow Colour on its Eyes, tho’ I am obliged to omit the men-
tioning them, becaufe it had only Glafs-Beads in the Place of its former
Eyes,.. The Indians of Bengal call it Baniahbow .

The black and white Butterfly from China , figur’d with the Bird, is
in the Collection of Robert Nesbitt , M. D . EleB , and Fellow of the
College of PhyfcianSy London . As the Fly is only Black and White,
the Print uncoloured defcribes itfelf better than Words : It hath brown
Eyes, and a faint TinCture of Brown on the under Wings where they
touch the Body. The black Spots are fomething fainter on the under
Side than they are above.

I have added fome new and curious Subjects to the Plates of Mr.
Dandridge s Birds, that have already been publifhed by Albm ; as I
don’t pretend thofe Birds in thefe Plates of mine are New, I have only
carefully endeavoured to give more perfect Draughts and Defcriptions
of therm The

( x«S )

The Golden Thrush. I&erus.

^ H E Figure reprefents the Bird of its natural Bignefs : It is a

h Bird or Paffage ; they are found in the Southern Parts of Eu-
rope all the Summer Seafon, and I have received of them from Ben-
gal in the Eafl- Indies.

The Bill is fomething ftronger in Proportion than a Thrufh’s Bill,
and of a red Colour. The Irides of its Eyes are red ; [according to Mr.
Willughby s Account, who had fhot fome of them in Germany J from
the Angle of the Mouth to the Eye is drawn a black Line. The Head,
Neck, whole Body, both above and beneath, Thighs, and upper and
under Covert-Feathers of the Tail, are of a very fine Yellow, or Golden-
Colour. The Wings are Black on their upper Sides, except the Quills,
which have narrow Tips of Yellow, and the Coverts immediately
above the Prime-Quills, call'd the Baftard-Wing, which are tipped alfo
with Yellow, fomething deeper, and form a yellow Spot in the Wing ;
the inner Covert-Feathers of the Wing are Yellow \ the Quills within
Side are Dusky ; the firft Quill is very fhort, not exceeding half the
Length of the Second, The Tail-Feathers are pretty equal in Length ;
the Middle-ones are wholly Black ; the Side-Feathers are more than half
Way Black towards their Roots, and of a Gold-Colour at their Tips;
the Legs and Feet are like thofe of Thrufhes, of a black, or dusky
Colour.

I have had one of thefe Birds fentme in Spirits from Bengal , and another from Gi-
braltar , fhot there on the Rock. It is known in Franceby the Name LGriot. It is
the Witwall, Galbula, Galgulus, feu P iciis Nidumfujpejtdens, Aldrov. Oriolus Alberti-,
Chloreus Ariflotelis, & Idler us Plinii. See Willughby* s Ornithology , F. 198. I take
the Tellow Jay , and the Buff Jay, of F ether, to be no other than the Cock and
Hen of this Species. See Ray s Synopfis Methodic a Avi um . P. 194, Fab. 1. Fig. 8, 9.
Mr. Albin is the laft Author that has figur’d this Bird. See his Tellow Bird from Ben-
gal, Vol. III. P. .19. of his Hi/lory oj Birds \ but he owns it was from a Picture
brought from India. I have feen the faid Picture in Mr. Dandridge* s Hands* and
found it to be meanly 'perform’d, and contrary to Nature, for which Reafon I have
given this Draught dire&ly from the Bird, and hope it will be acceptable to the
Curious, becaufe I do not know that any Enghjh Author has given a Draught of it
from Nature. Albin was either ignorant of its being a Bird common in Europe , or
dcfign’d to impofe it on the unknowing for an undefcribed Species.

Me

r 8 5

( i86 )

The Tellow Indian Starling.

T H E Bird is here figur’d of its natural Size. Albin has already
figur’d it, and drawn the Bill a great deal too big.

The Bill is fhaped like that of a Starling, of a redd ifii- brown Colour
at the Bafe, growing more Dusky towards the Point ; [the Colour of
the Eyes fee in Mr. Albith Hijtory of Birds , VoL II. P. 38.] the
Forehead from the Bill to the Eyes, is of a bright Yellow ; round the
Eyes the Feathers are of a dusky Colour ; the Top, Hinder-part and
Sides of the Head under the Eyes are Black, which Blacknefs reaches
lower on the Sides than on the Hinder-part of the Head, and at laft
mixes and lofes itfelf in the Yellow on the Forehead, and the dusky*
Colour round the Eyes* The Throat, juft beneath the Bill, is Whitifh;
the Breaft, light Yellow *, the Belly, Thighs and Coverts beneath the
Tail, are of a deeper Yellow ; the Throat and Breaft are fpotted with
long, black, or dusky Spots, down the Shafts of the Feathers. The
upper Side of the Neck, the Back, Rump and Coverts on the upper
Side of the Tail, are of a full bright-yellow Colour ; the greater Quills-
of the Wings are Dusky, or Black, with narrow Edges of Yellow on
their outer Webs ; (except the firft Quill, which is fhort, and all Black)
the leffer Quills next the Back are Dusky, with broad Edges of Yellow
on their Webs. All the Covert-Feathers on the upper Sides of the Wings
are Yellow, having pretty large dusky Spots in their Middles. The
Middle-Feathers of the Tail are Dusky, with a yellow Caft ; their Tips
are Yellow ; the Side-Feathers are wholly Yellow • the Legs and Feet
are of a black, or dusky Colour ; the Toes ftand after the ufuai
Manner, as the Figure plainly fhews.

This Bird I faw in the Colle&ion of the late Mr. Dandridge : It was
brought with others from Bengal in the Baft-Indies , and I believe has
been defcribed by no Body but Mr. Albin . I fhould have called it the
Spotted I&erus , but thought it not proper to multiply Names, feeing
Mr. Albin has called it the Yellow Starling, . This Bird poffibly may-
be the Mottled fay of Petiver : See Ray s Synopfs . Methodica Avium, Q
P. 195. Tab, II. N.. 7.

I The

Vol. IV.

( 187 )

*The Black and White Indian Starling.

T H E Figure here reprefen ted is of the natural Size of the Bird.

Albin has figur’d it, but has confounded the two whitifh Lines
together, that fhould be diftinguifhed feparately, the one on the Hinder-
part of the Head, and the other at the Bottom of the Neck, behind
which he has made them meet in one, contrary to their Pofition in the
Bird, as well as to his own Defcription. He has alfo forgot to mention
the Whitenefs of the outer Webs of the outermoft Tail-Feathers, as well
as fome other Particulars.

The Bill is pretty fharp at the Point, moderately thick at its Bafe, a very little
bowed downward, and of a Yellow, inclining to Orange-Colour. The Fore-
head adjoining to the Bafe of the Bill above is White, which Colour extends from
the Bafe of the upper Chap, all round the Eyes, forming a Plat of White behind
the Eye as big as the Nail of one's Finger, from which a narrow whitifh Line paffes,
from Eye to Eye round the Hinder-part of the Head. The Top of the Head above
the white Line is Black, as are the Throat and Neck all round ; the Black on the
Throat reaches lower than it doth behind on the Neck. The black Colour on the
Head and Neck fhines with a green ifh Glofs. The Back, Rump, Wings above,
and the Tail, are of a blackifh or dufky-brown Colour, without any fhining Glofs.
The Ridge of the Wing is whitifh next the Bread : ; the outer Edges of the greater
Quills are of a lighter- brownifh Colour than the other Parts * the Row of Covert-
Feathers next above the Quills, have their Tips White, and form a fome what
broken Line of White acrofs the Wing. The Edge of the outer Web of each
of the outermofl Feathers of the Tail is White. The Breaft, Belly, Thighs, and
Covert-Feathers beneath the Tail, are White ; a Line of brownifh White pafles
alfo from the Sides of the upper Part cf the Breaft, and forms a Ring round
the lower Part of the Neck behind. The Legs and Feet are formed like thofe
of other Birds of the fame Tribe, and are of a reddifh Brown, or dark Flefli-
Colour.

This Bird was preferved in the Collection of the late Mr. Dandridge , and
has been already figured by ML Albin in his Hiftory of Birds , Vol. III. B. 20.
As I have already given my Reafons for re-publifhing the Birds in Mr. Dandridge' s
Collection, I fhall be filent here. It was brought from Bengal , where it is called
Centra \ but it being apparently of the Starling- Kind, I thought proper to give it the
above Name.

The

I

( >88 )

The Gros-Beak, or Haw-Finch.

^ H E Bird is here figur’d as big as Life : They are not Natives of England^

1 though fome of them are found with us in hard Winters,. What is moil ex-
traordinary in it is, the Shape of the Tips of fome ot the Middle-Quills of the Wings,
which turn out with Points like fome Antique Battle-Axes, better underdood by their
Form exprefled in the Figure, than by Words : This Particular no one has yet taken
Notice of.

The Bill is very large in Proportion, and fhort for its Thicknefs, of a light Flefh-
Colour, but Dufky at the Point, which is pretty fharp ; the Noftrils are partly co-
ver’d by the Feathers at the Bafe of the Bill ; the Bill is encompafled all round with
a Border of black Feathers, narrow above, and near an Inch deep on the Throat; a
black Line alfo paffes from the Sides of the Bill to the Eyes. The Irides of the Eyes
are of a whitifh Afh-Colour ; the Head, and Rump, or Feathers that cover the Tail,
are of a pleafant, light-brownifh, red Colour ; the Hinder-part of the Neck is of a
bluilh Afh-Colour ; the Back is of a dark, dufky Brown. The Fore-part of the
Neck, the Bread:, Belly and Thighs, are of a pale, pleafant Brown, inclining to a
Blofifom-Colour ; the lower Belly and Covert-Feathers under the Tail are White.
The outer or Prime-Quills are Black ; (the inner Webs have fome White in them,
which juft appears when the Wing is let down a little, as in the Pofition I have drawn
it in) the Middle-Quills are of a dark, or black Colour, with a fine fhiningGlofs of bluifh
Purple, and are very remarkable for the Form of their Tips ; the inner Quills next
the Back are of a reddifh-brown Colour; the firft Row of Covert-Feathers is White
on the upper Part, and becomes gradually more Brown, and forms together with the
laft defcribed brown Quills, an oblique Line acrofs the Wing ; the. Ridge of the
Wing, next the Bread:, is White ; the leffer Covert-Feathers of the Wings are Black ;
the Coverts within Side of the Wings are White, with a little Mixture of Black
about the Ridge of the Wing. The Middle-Feathers of the Tail are Brown, the outer
Feathers have their outer Webs Brown, and their inner Webs Black towards their
Bottoms, and are White at their Tips,' fo that the Tail when clofed is Brown above, but
appears beautifully mixed with Brown, Black and White, when fpread. The Legs
and Feet are of a pleafant, ruddy Flefli-Colour, formed as the Figure exprefles.

I have figur’d this Bird at the Defire of his Grace the late Duke of Richmond, (my
mod noble Patron, whofe Lofs I fincerely lament,) who fent it me from his Seat at
Goodwood , in Sufj'ex , where it was Ihot on a Pine-Tree; for which Reafon I have
placed it on the Cedar of Libanus 3 taken from Nature in the Phyfick- Garden of
Chelfea , but reduced to half its Magnitude to bring it into the Plate. See Mr. Wil-
lughbf s Account of this Bird in his Ornithology , T. 244. Albin has. given a Figure of
it alfo, and a Defcription modly extracted from Wilhighby. See his Hijloryoj Birds ,
VoL I. T. 54. The Germans call it Kern-beifler. Mr. N. Robert lias made a Print
of it, and calls it Pardalus , Gros-bec , or B info-royal, Willughby gives it the Latin
Name, Coccothraufles Vulgaris .

5 The

( * s 9 )

The Tellovo-headed Indian Sparrow.

HP H E Bird is here figured of its natural Size, There were two
of them brought over, which Mr. Albin has figured as Cock
and Hen ; and he makes a Difference in his Defcription of them, thcf
I could (on viewing them narrowly) find no material Difference either
in their Colours or Marks, they appearing fo much the fame to me,
that I think they may be expreffed by one Figure as well as by two.

The Bill is of a light, or whitifli Colour, thick and ftrong like a
Sparrow’s; the Top of the Head is of a yellow, or Golden-Colour ;
the Neck, Back, Wings and Tail, are of a dark Brown, or dusky Co-
lour, the Feathers being edged or bordered with a lighter Brown,
which makes the Bird feem to be on its upper Side of a light Brown,
/potted with Dusky. From the Sides of the Neck acrofs the Breaft,
it hath a Bar of the fame brownifh Colour as on its upper Side; the
Sides of the Head beneath the Eyes and the Throat, are White, or
Cream-Colour, as far as the Collar of dusky Feathers ; under the Col-
lar, the Belly, Thighs and Coverts under the Tail, are again of a yel-
lowifh White ; the Sides of the Belly are marked with longifh Spots of
a faint dusky Colour ; the Legs and Feet are like thofe of other fmall
Birds, of a Flefh-Colour.

The Draught of this Bird was taken from Mr. Dandridge s Colle&ion :
It came from Bengal \ See Mr. Albin % Figures in his Hifiory of Birds,

Vol II. P. 48.

The Butterfly, figured with this Bird, has the Body and Eyes Black, fpotted with
White j the lower Part of the Body is Brown, or Orange- Colour. The longer Wings
on their upper Sides are Orange-colouPd, with their outer Edges and their Tips
Black, for almofl half the Length of the Wings ; thefe black Ends have feveral
large and fmall white Spots on them $ the fhorter Wings are Orange-colour’d alfo,
but lighter, with three or four black Spots on each of them, and black Borders, with
white Spots on them. The under Side of the Fly is like the upper, but fainter ; the
longer Wings have large yellow Spots at their Ends, where the Wings are Black on
their upper Sides. This curious Fly was brought from China , and is in the Colledion
cf Dr. JSeJbit , Fellow of the Royal College of \ Thyficians , London , who obliged me
with it.

The,

( 1 9 o )

The Indian Redstart.

T HIS Bird is figur’d of its natural Bignefs. I am at a Lofs to know what .

Genus to range it with ; it hath fliff Hairs about the Angles of the Mouth, as
the Butcher-Birds and Goat-fuckers have, but agrees with neither of them in the
Shape of the Bill, which is dronger made than in the latter, and weaker than in the
former. I have called it a Redjlart in Conformity to Mr. Albin , See his Hijl. Vol.
III. P. 52.

The Bill is Dufky at the Bafe, and Black at the Point. The Top of the Head is
cover’d with long, foft, black Feathers, hanging over behind, in form of a Cred, which
I fuppofe, the living Bird can eredt : Under each Eye it has a Scarlet Spot, encom-
paffed with White on the lower Side. The Throat, Bread:, Belly and Thighs, are
alfo White : The Sides of the Neck and Bread are cover’d with black Feathers,
which break confufedly into the White on the Bread, and the brown Colour on the
Neck behind. The Hinder-part of the Neck, the Back, Wings and Tail, are all of a
dark-brown or dufky Colour j the Edges of the greater Quills are a little lighter, and
the Ridge of the Wing next the Bread is whitilh. The Feathers about the Vent,
and the Coverts beneath the Tail, are of a very fine red Colour. The Legs and Feet
are of a dufky-black Colour.

This Bird was one of thofe in the Colle&ion of Mr. Dandridge : It was brought
from Bengal. I have now republifhed all the Birds which Albin had taken out of
Mr. Dandridge' $ Collection, except the Jay from Bengal, Vol.\. P. 1 7, the Bengal
<%uail, P. 27, fmall King* s-Fi/her from Bengal, VoL III. P. 28, and Bengal Water
Rail, P. 85. Thefe Mr. Albin copied from Drawings done in 1 ndia, the Birds them-
felves not being brought to England ; I have therefore omitted them, having always
profefTed to give Draughts of nothing but what is taken diredtly from Nature.

The Thorn-tailed Indian Lizard. .

T H E Figure you fee here is drawn of the Size of Nature. The Plead, and all the
Legs, are of a dufky green Colour ; the upper Side of the Body is alfo of a dufky Co-
lour, fpotted and clouded with light Afh- Colour ; it hath three Bars of Black acrofs the Shoul-
ders *, the Sides of the Body incline to a Rofe-Colour •, the Belly is of a light Afh, inclining to
Rofe; the Head, Body and Legs, are cover’d with very minute Scales, feeming like a
fmooth Skin ; the Scales of the Tail are large, danding out in fharp Points in an uncommon
Manner ; the Middle-Row of Scales on the upper Part of the Tail does not fall over thofe next
to it on each Side, but the Side-Rows fall over the Middle-Row, which is remarkable; and
this is fully exprefifed in the Figure, which was wrought on the Copper diredtly from Nature.
The Tail is of a brownifh Green, lighter beneath than above.

This was given me by my Friend Captain Ifaac Worth , who brought it alive from the Eaft-
Indies. I believe it hath not been figur’d, Mr. Petiver has figur’d a Lizard all over fealed
with large pointed Scales, which he calls the Rough fealed Cape-Lizard, Cat. 403. Pie fays,
that when hurt it railes up all its Scales, and cries like a Child ; he hath not mentioned its
- Size, but Ids Figure is about the Bignefs of mine, except the Tail, which is fhorter.

Vol. IV. K

The

( W r ) .

The Red and Blue Brasilian Finch.

E Bird is here figured of its natural Bignefs : It is fhaped much like our fmaJI
Singing Birds, but hath the Tail a little longer in Proportion ; the Tail is alfo
pointed, having the Middle-Feather longer than thofe on the Sides, which fhorten
gradually, tho’ that is very uncommon in Birds of its Genus. It is a lively, brifk,
Singing Bird, having a very pretty Note.

The Bill is fhaped like a Goldfinch’s, of a very fine Red, or Scarlet-Colour : The
Feathers round the upper Part of the Bill, and the Sides of the Head, all round
the Eyes for a good Breadth, are of a fine Purple, or Bloflom -Colour. The Eyes are
of a dark Colour, but the Eyelids, or Skin round the Eyes, are of a fine Scarlet-Co-
lour ; between the Bill and Eye is a dufky Line. The Throat, immediately beneath
the Bill, is Black \ the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, Covert-Feathers of the Wings,
Bread: and Belly, as far as the Thighs, are of a dark, dufky, red Colour \ the Quills of
the Wings are of a blackifh or dufky Colour ; the lower Part of the Back, the Belly
about the Vent, and the Covert-Feathers, both above and beneath the Tail, are of a
v.ery fine blue Colour, which mixes and foftens into the Reddifh on the Back and
Belly. The Tail is Black, the Middle-Feather pretty long, the Side-Feathers gra-
dually become fhorter. The Legs and Feet are like thofe of other fmall Birds of this
Clafs, of a darkifh Flefh-Colour.

This rare, curious and undefcribed Bird, was the Property of Mrs. Scrafton> in
Buckler's- Bury , London . My curious and worthy Friend, Dr. Monro , Sen. dire&ed
me to take a Draught of it. It came from Brafil , where it is a fcarce Bird, and much
valued.

"The Flying S clu i r r e l.

T H I S curious little Bead is here drawn of its natural Bignefs. It was drowfy and in-
active all the Day, but when the Evening came on it was very lively, leaping (or flying
very nimbly) from Place to Place in its Cage. The upper Side of it, from Nofe to Tail-end,
was of a brownifh Colour, like that of a wild Rabbet : The Nofe was fhort and whitifh round
it; the Eyes were large, Black, and Handing far out of the Head ; it had a white Mark
above each Eye *, the under Side of the Head, Neck, the Belly and Infides of the Legs, were
White ; the upper Side was parted from the under by loofe Skins, which ran along its Sides,
and fpread themfelves between the fore and hinder Legs, when they are fl retched out in leap-
ing. Thefe Skins affiflthe Animal to fkim along a great Way ; the Tail alfo was broad and
flat like a Feather, and becomes thereby a farther AfTiftance in its Flight. It had a blackifh
Stripe on each Side, juft above the Edge of the Skin, or Fin that runs along its Sides : It had
four Toes on each Foot forwards, with the Rudiment of another Toe ■, the hinder Feet have
each five diftindt Toes. The Ears were fhort and roundifh, the Flefh appearing through the
Thinnefs of the Hair, as it did likewife about the Nofe, and on the Feet.

Mr. Catejby has figur’d a Flying Squirrel, which I take to be of a different Species, it being
all over of a Dun or Afh-Colour •, he fays, they leap or fly about fourfcore Yards. See his
Hiftory of Carolina , Vol. II. P . 76, 77. They are brought to us from feveral Parts of North
America , and have of late been difcovered in Poland. James Theobald , Efq*, of Surry ftrect , has
the above defcribed now living.

The

1

( 192 )

The crowned African Crane.

I T is a tall and {lately Bird ; when it walks with the Head raifed, it feems to her
more than a Yard in Height. The Leg, from the Knee to the Bottom of the
Heel, is nine Inches long; from the Point of the Bill to the Feathers on the Fore-
head, is two Inches and three Quarters ; from its Point to the Corner of the Mouth*
three Inches and three Quarters.

The fir ft Bird, which ftands forwards on the Plate, hath its Bill fhort for a Crane,
The Bill is ftraight and fharp-pointed, of a dufky or dark-afh-Colour ; the Noftrils
are placed diftant from the Head ; the Eyes are placed over the Angles of the Mouth*
and have their Indes of a Pearl-Colour ; the Forehead is very round and prominent,
and cover’d with black Feathers like Velvet ; behind each Eye it hath a pearly-co-
lour’d, hard, bare Skin, in the form of a Sheep’s Kidney, which rifes a little, and is
tinctured on its upper and lower Part with Red. The black Feathers on the Head
pafs all round thefe Spots. From the Top of the Head there fhoots out a Tuft of
longifh Feathers, or rather ftiff Briftles, of a flattifti Make, wreathed or twifted, oF
a dirty Orange-Colour, each of them being thinly befet on its Sides with light-co-
lour’d Hairs, and a frnall Tuft of blackifh Feathers at their Ends. Thefe Briftles
fpread themfelves very gracefully, in form of a Globe, and feem bigger than the
Head itfelf. Under the Throat it hath a great red Skin, or Wattle, like the Domef-
tick-Cock, but fingle ; this is fometimes (welled out with Wind, by Means of a
hoarfe, difagreeable Note or Sound, which the Bird utters. The Neck, and whole
Body above and beneath, are of a pleafant, light-bluifh Afh-Colour j the Feathers are
long, foft and narrow on the Neck ; they are broader on the Back, but long and
pointed. The Tail is Black, and the Feathers are pretty equal in Length. The
greater Quills of the Wings are Black ; the inner Quills are of a dirty Red, and fall
over the Rump when the Wings are clofed ; all the Coverts of the Wings within and
without are White, except thofe that fall over the black Quills, (and hide them) which
are of a pale, dufky Yellow. The Legs are bare of Feathers pretty high above the
Knees ; the Legs, Feet and Claws, are of a dark-blackifh Afh-Colour. The hinder
Bird (which I take to be the Hen) differs from the firft, in having the Space on its
Cheek Red for the lower half, and White above, and in having a very frnall, almoft
imperceptible red Gill -on its Throat, and in being Black on the Neck and Body*
where the firft is Afh-colour’d ; in other RefpeCts they are alike.

The firft of thefe Birds I drew at Sir Hans Sloane' s, the other at Sir Charles Wager's. The
Academy of Paris have deferibed it fomething different from the above ; they found two Sub-
jects, which they had in Hand, both Hens ; they call it the Royal Bird , and think it is not
the Gras Balearic a, as has been fuppofed. See Memoires de /’ Academie Roy ale, Depuis i 666 >
Jufqn'a 1699. Tome III. troijitme Par tie, P. 199. See alfo Willughby’s Ornithology, P. 275.
Peiiver calls it Grus Capenjis fufea, Capite anreo galeato, Pah. 76. N. 9. Barlow calls it the
Japan Peacock. Vijficher calls it Slruthio ex China. In Jftley's Collection of Voyages, I find this*
Bird mentioned by feveral Authors there collected, which proves it to be a Crane of the Rivers
Gambia and Senega. See Aftlefi s Voyages, VoL II. P. 723. He calls the Figure of it, in the
Plate facing P. 721, the Whidah Crown Bird. This Bird hath efcaped Mr. Jibin' § Notice-.

It is the Pavo Marinas of Clufius . See his Exot* Lib . V. Cap. 11. N. Robert has figur’d it*
and calls it Pavo , five Cauda Chinenfis,

V)

( I 93 )

The Black-bilPd Whistling Duck.

I T is fomething fmaller than a common Tame Duck, and longer
legged in Proportion than other Ducks generally are.

The Bill is like that of a common Duck, pedinated on its Edges, a
little hooked at the Point, and of a black or dusky Colour ; the Eyes
are of a Hazel-Colour. The Head on its Sides is- of a brown Colour ;
the Top of the Head is Black, the Feathers being long, and pointing
backwards in form of a Creft ; the Hinder-part of the Neck is of a
dusky Colour ; the under Sides of the Head, Throat and Neck, are
White ; the Neck is fpctted with fmall black Spots ; the Back, and
upper Sides of the Wings are Brown ; the greater Quills are dark
Brown, approaching to Black ; the Covert-Feathers of the Wings have
each of them a black Spot in their Middles. The Feathers of the Tail
are Black, as are the Rump, and the Feathers that cover the Tail
above ; the Tail-Feathers are not of equal Length, the Tail being a
little pointed in the Middle. The Breaft or Craw, is of a bright—
reddifh Brown, fpotted with Black, and its lower Part has a little Mix-
ture of White; the whole Belly is White, having a large Mixture of
Black on the Sides, and a very little down its Middle-part. The Co-
vert-Feathers beneath the Tail are White, with round black Spots. The
Legs are longer than what is common in the Duck-Kind ; they are
bare of Feathers a little above the Knees. The three forward Toes
are all webbed together ; it hath alfo a lateral Web on the Infide of
each of its inner Toes ; the Legs and Feet are covered with Scales of
a Lead-Colour ; the Hinder-Toe is placed fo high as hardly to touch
the Ground ; the Claw’s are Black.

This Bird was the Property of Sir Charles Wager, at whofe Houfe,
on Parforis- Green, I made a Draught of it. I w'as informed it came
from the Wejl-lndies, where it is called a Whijlling-Duck. Sir Hans
Sloarn fays, in his Natural Hijlory of "Jamaica , V ol. II. P . 3 24,
they make a whiffling Noife, from whence they have their Name,
and that it very ufually pearches on Trees, and is common in that
Ifland.

The

7 J3

( i94 )

The Red-bilP d Whistling Duck.

T HIS Bird is fomething lefs than a common Duck, having
the Neck and Legs longer in Proportion ; this poffibly may be
the Male, and the laft defcribed the Female of the fame Species, but
I cannot pronounce them to be fo, becaufe it was at different and dis-
tant Times 1 faw the two Birds.

The Bill is fhaped much like that of the laft defcribed : It is of a pleafant
red Colour, Yellowifh about the Noftrils, and Black at the Hook or Point of
the upper Mandible. The Irides of the Eyes are of a dark Hafel-Colour ;
the Sides of the Head, all round the Eyes, and the under Side or Throat, are of
a lightifh Afh-Colour ; the Crown and Hinder-part of the Head are Black ; the
Neck, Bre aft and Back, are of a dull Red, or Brick-Colour, light on the Breaft,
and darker on the Back; the greater Quills of the Wings are Black, as are thofe
of the Baftard Wing, which cover their Bottoms ; the Inner-Quills that fall on
the Back or Rump, are of a dark Brick-colour’d Red ; the firft and fecond Rows
of Coverts, next above the Quills are White, and form a large white Spot in
the Middle of the Wing ; next above the White is a Plat of bright Orange-
Colour ; above which the fmall Feathers on the Ridge and Joint of the Wing are
Black, which Black pafies along the Ridge of the Wing, down the Side of the
Belly to the Quills. The whole Belly and Thighs are Black; but where the
Red on the Breaft, and the Black on the Belly unite, thefe blended Colours
form a dufky Afh-Colour. The Covert-Feathers beneath the Tail are whitifh,
fpotted with fmall black Marks, tending the Lengthway of the Feathers ; the
Tail is Black, and a little pointed ; the Rump and Covert-Feathers on the upper
Side of the Tail are alfo Black. The Legs are bare of Feathers a little
above the Knees ; the Toes are webbed as in other Ducks, the inner Toes having
lateral Webs on their Inftdes ; the Legs and Feet are of a Flefh-Colour ; the
Claws are Black,

This Bird I drew at Sir Charles Wager's Houfe, on Par Jonh-Green . It was
brought from the Weft-Indies by the Name of the Wbiftling-Duck. Both this
and the laft defcribed when difturbed made a Whiftling Nolle : Whether this, or
that be the Whifiling Duck mentioned in Sir Hans Sloane's Hijlory of Jamaica, I
cannot tell, becaufe there is no Account of its Colours in what is faid of it; but I
rather believe the firft is meant, becaufe the Figure in Vol, II. Tab. 272, of that
Hiftory,. is reprefented with a fpotted Belly, which this laft defcribed Bird hath
not.

The

Vol. IV.

L

( *95 )

The little Lion-Monkey.

T HIS extraordinary Animal is here figur’d of its natural Size, as near as it
could be taken, while it was playing its Monkey Tricks about its Lady’s Cham-
ber : It is a Female, and one of the fmallefl Species of Monkeys.

The Fore-part of the Head, or what is call’d the Face in Monkeys, is covered
With a black Skin 5 the Ears are alfo Black ; the Face is very thinly befet with fhort
white Hairs, which gives it a little Greynefs 3 thefe white Hairs are fomething
thicker on the Borders of the Face, and form alightifh Ring all round it. The Eyes
are Black, fhewing no other Colour 5 the Hair on the Head is White, long, and fpread-
ing over the Shoulders like the Hair of a Man. The Shoulders, and the greatefi:
Part of the Back, are covered, with longifh, loofe, fhagged Hair, of a brown Colour ;
the lower Part of the Back or Rump, gradually becomes of a bright-brown, or Orange-
Colour 3 one half of the Tail next the Body, is alfo cover’d with longifh Orange-
colour’d Hair, the remainin g half of the Tail gradually becomes Black, and conti-
nues fo to its Tip. The Throat is Black, and without Hair; the Bread:, Belly, and
all the Legs and Feet, are cover’d with fhort white Hair 3 it hath five Toes on each
Foot, before and behind, all arm’d with fharp Claws, likethofe of Squirrels 3 the In-
fides of the Paws are black Skin, the Skin is alfo Black all the Body over, and under the
white Hair on the Belly. What is very wonderful in this little Animal is, that it
hath a foft, whiffling Note, fomething refembling the Singing of a Canary-Bird : It is
very brifk and nimble, and has all the Curiofity and comical A&ions of the greater
Monkeys. When it prances about a Room on all its four Legs, and plays its Tail
over its Back, it has very much the Air of a little Lion, and appears fometimes as
figur’d in Little on the Ground-Work of the Print.

I was informed by the Right Plonourable the Countefs of Suffolk (in whofe Pofieflion
the above defcribed Animal is) that it was brought from La Vera Cruz, in New-Spain.
By the above Lady’s Permiffion, I made a Draught of it for the late Duke of Richmond,
and by his Grace’s Leave I have publifhed this Figure. In a Voyage down the River
of Amazons, by Mr. de la Condamine , of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, I find a
Monkey defcribed very much like the above, except that he gives it fharp Ears. - After
fpeaking of the larger Monkeys, he fays, t£ and fome again as fmall as Rats 3 I
<c fpeak not of thofe known under the Name of Sapajous , but of others yet lefs, and
iC difficult to be tamed, whofe Hair is long and bright, generally of a Chefnut-Co-
t£ lour, and fometimes fpotted with a Sort of Yellow 3 their Tails are twice as long
fC as their Bodies 3 their Heads fmall and fquare, their Ears fharp and prominent,
“ like thofe of Dogs and Cats, and not like other Apes or Monkeys, whom they
<c refemble very little, having more the Air and Look of a little Lion : They are

<£ called Pinches at Maynas , and Tamarius at Cayenne .” See the Abridgment of the
above Voyage in Englijh , P. 83. If this defcribed by Mr. de la Condamine be not the
lame with mine, it muft be a Species near of Kin to it.

The

•x

( 196 )

The Little Black Monkey.

T HIS Monkey is here reprefented of its natural Size, and is one of the lead
Species I have met with : Its Bite, through its Smallnefs, was no more offen-
five than a Pinch from a Sparrow’s Bill ; it was very lively and full of Adtion, as moil
of the Monkey-Kind are.

Its Eyes were of a Hafel-Colour, the Face of a dark Flefh, the Nofe hardly riling
at all, the upper Lip, flit like a Hare’s Lip, the Teeth very fmall, like thofe of other
Monkeys, which nearly approach to human Teeth. The Ears were large in Pro-
portion, of a fquarifh Figure, of a blackifh Flefh-Colour, and very thinly befet with
fhort Hairs. The Hair on the Head formed a Peak on the Forehead ; the Face had
little or no Hair on it; the Head, whole Body and Tail, were covered with foft black
Hair, rather rough and fhaggy, than of a fmooth Surface ; the Hair on the lower
Part of the Back feemed to hand ereft, and had a Mixture in it of Golden, or Yellow-
colour’d Hairs. The Tail is at leaft twice the Length of the Body 5 the Paws (both
fore and hind) are cover’d with fhort, fleek, yellowifti Orange-colour’d Hairs. It
had five Toes on each Foot ; its Nails or Claws were not flat as in the greater Mon-
keys, but fharp and hooked, like thofe of Squirrels, though not fo long ; the Fore
Paws were not fo Human-like as in fome Monkeys, though it would hold any Thing
in a Angle Hand, which a Squirrel will not do.

The above rare, and, I believe, undefcribed Monkey, was brought from the Weft-
Indies, by the Honourable Commodore Fitzrpy Lee , Anno 1747, and prefented by
him to the Right Honourable the Countefs Dowager oj Litchfield, by whofe Permiffion
I made a Draught of it from Life : It was a Female.

Finding an Account of a very extraordinary Monkey, in a Voyage through the
Inland Parts of South- America, down the River of the Amazons , by Monfieur
de la Condamine , of the Royal Academy of Paris, I thought proper to reprint it here.
See the Abridgment in Englijh, publifhed at London, Anno 1747, P. 83. t£ The
£c Governor of Para prefented me with a Monkey, which was the only one of its
“ Kind ever feen in the Country ; the Hairs of its Body being as bright as Silver, and
<c of the Colour of the fine ft fair Trefies, whilft its Tail was of a fhining Chefnut,
<c inclining to Black : It had ftill another Singularity yet more remarkable ; its Ears,
<f Sides of the Face, and Nofe, were of fuch a lively Red, that one could fcarce be in-
<c duced to believe it to be its Natural Colour. I kept it a Year, and it was yet living,
“ when I was writing this, almoft in Sight of the Coaft of France , where I pleafed
<c myfelf with the Thought of bringing it alive : But in Spite of the continual Precau-
“ tions I took to preferve it from the Cold, the Severity of the Weather killed it.”
This Gentleman was treating of little Monkeys when he mention’d this, though he
has not told us the Size of it.

Lhe

( *97 )

The Maucauco.

^ j ^ HIS Animal is about the Bignefs of a middling fized Cat, but the Body and
Limbs are of a flenderer and longer Make ; it hath a very long Tail, at lead:
double the Length of its Body : It is long fnouted, the Head refembling very much
that of a Fox 5 it has fmall fharp Teeth before, by which it feems to be capable of
knawing. That I drew my Figure from was a Male.

The Eyes have pretty broad Bides of a bright Hafel-Colour ; the Face and Ears
are White ; the Nofe for a good Depth is Black ; each Eye is alfo encompaffed with
a broad Space of Black ; about the Nofe, and on the Sides of the Head and Eyebrows,
are long diffifh Hairs, like the Smellers in Cats. The Head on its Crown and Hin-
der-part is cover’d with dark Afh-colour’d Hair, longer than the Hair on the Face;
the Back and Sides are of a redder Afh-Colour, but not fo Dark as the Head ; the
Outfides of the Legs are alfo of a light Afh-Colour, not fo Red as the Back ; the
upper Sides of the Paws are Whitifh ; the bare Skin on their Infides is Black ; the
Fore Paws (or Hands) are like thofe of Men, or Monkies, having the Thumb very
didind, and fiat Nails ; the hinder Paws are remarkable for having the Thumb, or
great Toe very broad ; the Nails of the hinder Feet tend more to Points than thofe
forwards. All its under Side and the Infides of the Limbs are covered with white Hair.
The Hair of the whole Body is very foft and delicate to the Touch, rather danding
ere& like the Pile of Velvet, than lying down fleek. It has, pretty high on the Bread,
two fmall Nipples, placed as they are in the Monkey-Kind; its Tail is long, and
pretty well covered with Fur, marked alternately with broad Rings of Black and
White; when it fleeps it reclines its Nofe to its Belly, and draws in its Paws clofe,
in a fitting Podure, and brings its long Tail over its Head : When it plays it ufes a
Sort of Galloping, with its Tail raifed over its Back, as expreffed in the fmall Figure.
See the Profile of its Head alfo expreffed.

This rare Animal was brought from the Ifland of Madagafcai\ by my Friend Capt.
Jfaac Worth , Anno 1748, who touched there in his Return from India. I kept it
alive at my Houfe for fome Time; it was a very innocent, harmlefs Creature, having
nothing of the Cunning or Malice of the Monkey-Kind, though it has much of its
Shape, and Manner of fitting. It differs from them principally in having a fharp
Snout, and the Face covered with Hair ; the Genitals are alfo different, being hardly
vifible, as in Cats. I take it to be of a Genus diflind from the Monkey. I find a
Species of it different from the above defcribed. See Mr. Petiver’s Works, Tab. 17,,
where the Figure feems to agree with mine, only it has longer Wool or Hairs, and
no Rings on its Tail. He fays, tc the Wool of this is Brown, foft and curled like
“ that of a Lamb : It has feveral Properties of a Squirrel, fitting often upright when
<l it eats, which generally is done by its Incifores , and reflecting its bufhy Tail.
<£ It was brought alive from the Bland Joanna ” His Delineation was taken by that
celebrated Anacomift, Mr. William Cooper . I have feen alfo preferved in Spirits in the
Mafeum ol Sir Hans Sioa%e x another Species of this Genus, not bigger than a Squirrel*

cr*'

j 4

e

[ 198 ]

The B ARBARIAN SQUIRREL,

M Y Reprefentation is of the Bignefs of Life, which is nearly the
fame with that of our common Squirrel in England : It differs
principally from the common Sort, in being of another Colour, and
in having Ihorter Ears, which lie clofe to the Head.

The Head and the Body, on the upper Side, Legs, Feet and Tail,
are all of an Afh-Colour, a little inclining to Red, which is darker
on the upper Side of the Head and Back, and lighter on the Legs,
Feet, and under Side of the Head. The Eyes are pretty dark, but
the Hair all round them is White. The Belly is covered with white
Hair ; on each Side of the Body it has two Stripes, or Bars of White,
or Cream-Colour, palling along from its Shoulders to the hinder
Legs, which Variety adds a great Beauty to its Colour. The Tail is
bufhy, like thofe of our Squirrels; each fingle Hair in the Tail is varied
with light and dark Afh-Colour, which Colours fall fo regularly with
the Lights and Darks befide each other in the Angle Hairs, as to
form regular Plats of Dark and Light in the Tail, better to be under^
Rood by the Figure than by Words. The forward Feet have each of
them four diftindt Toes with black Claws, within which is an Appear-
ance, or Rudiment of a Toe, but no Claw; the hinder Feet have
each of them five diflindt Toes with Claws. The Skin, and the Bot-
toms of the Hair, all over, are of a blackifh Colour, even in thofe
Parts which have the Hair outw r ardly White.

This Squirrel was brought from Santa Cruz (on the Weftern Coaft of Barbary^
bordering on the Atlantick Ocean) and prefented to me alive by my Friend Captain
John Dobfon , of Rotherhithe, London . Whether it lives in Trees, or hath its Habi-
tation in the Earth, I cannot fay, but am inclin’d to think it a Species of the Ground-
Squirrel ; for when it was let loofe about the Houfe, it was not inclin’d to climb up
as our Squirrels are, but would hide itfelf, and lie in any Cloth, or foft Thing that lay*
on the Floor, where it would fleep, I find a Figure and Defcription of this Animal,
in a Hijiory of Four-footed Beafs , Serpents and Ffeffis, collected and publifhed at
London , Anno 1658, by John Rowland, M. D. He calls it the Getulian, or Barbarian
Squirrel , defcribed and figur’d by Dr. Cay : But as his Figure is fmall and deficient
in exprefiing the true Shape and Air of the Creature, I have here given his Figure as
he generally fat when cracking of Nuts, or feeding on any dry Food.

Vol.XW

M

The

( 199 )

The Indian Ichneumon.

T HIS Animal feemed to me to be of the Size of a Ferret , or
Pole-Cat: It was about three Quarters of a Yard, or twenty- feven
Inches long ; the Tail from a thick Bafe ended in a Point like that of
a Lizard,

It had a pretty flharp Nofe, covered with fhort Hairs of a reddifh-
brown Colour ; the Eyes were bright and fparkling, like a Ferret s,
having fomething of a Flame-Colour in them ; the Ears were fmall
and round, thinly cover’d with Hair, fo as to fhew the Colour of the
Flefh ; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, Sides and Tail, were cover’d
with pretty long, ftiffifh Hairs, each Hair being partly Brown, and
partly of a dusky Colour, fo that the whole Body feemed to be a mixed
Colour. The Throat and Belly had the Hairs fomething fhorter and
fofter, of a brownifh, or Clay-Colour, without any Mixture. The
Legs were fhort, and of a dusky, or black Colour; it had five Toes on
each Foot, with black Claws.

I faw this curious Animal at Mr. Bradbury's, Apothecary, in Southampton Build-
ings, Holborn, whither I was directed to go to draw it, by Dr. Wilmot , Phyfician in
Ordinary to his Majefty. Mr. Bradbury was fo very obliging,, as to order it to be
catched, and brought into a fmall Room, where I might obferve all its- Actions.
Sometimes it crept with its Belly to the Ground, and flretched itfelf out fo long that
it feemed to refemble a Serpent moving without Feet} at other Times it raifed its
Head, and appeared to walk on its Legs, fhortening its Body a little 5 it would alfo lit
very upright on its hinder Legs, and look about it, and when anger’d would fet up
its Bridles in a furpriling Manner. This was brought from the Eajl- Indies ; it was
let run loofe about the Houfe, and I was told, had clear’d it of Rats and Mice. Some
few Years ago I faw an Ichneumon, brought from Mgypt, which, I believe, exceeded this
more than double in its Bulk, for I meafured it,, and found it to be forty-two Inches
long, whereas the above defcribed was but twenty-feven Inches. In Shape and Co-
lour they were pretty near alike : All the Difference I found was, that the /Egyptian
had a fmall Tuft of Hairs at the End of the Tail; (See Letter A in the Plate) the Tail
of the Indian ended in a Point. I cannot find a tolerable Figure of the Ichneumon
given by any who have mention’d it, for which Reafon I have endeavoured to exhi-
bit one more correct. I (hall omit all the fiditious Stories told of this Animal, and
the Crocodile. I take the Indian to be a Species diftind from the A Egyptian , for the
above defcribed was full grown, though it was fo much fmaller than. the. /Egyptian,

The

99

%oo

( 200 )

Lhe Little Indian Buffalo.

T H I S Beaft is about the Bignefs of an Englijh Calf of fix
Months old, and ftiaped pretty much like our Englijh Bull,
excepting that it hath very fliort Horns, and a Bunch or Rifing on its
Back between the Shoulders. I think it appears alfo to have the Legs
fomething flenderer, though not longer than thofe of our Cattle. They
are ufed in the Eajl- Indies for drawing their Coaches, inftead ofHorfes*
The Nofe is pretty broad and flat, (bare of Hair, and moift on its
Outfide) in which the Noftrils are placed ; the Lips (or Muzzle) have
fome loofe flaring Hairs ; the Hair on the Sides of the Nofe is
Whitifh ; the Circles round the Pupils of the Eyes are of a Hazel-
Colour ; the Eyes are placed in longifli Plats of Black ; the Horns are
Dusky and final], appearing but little above the frizzled Hair on the
Top of the Head ; the Ears appear much larger and longer than the
Horns, and are of a Flefh-Colour within Side, where they have no
Hair. It is cover’d with pretty fliort fleek Hair all over ; the Head,
Neck, Back, Tail and Sides, are of a bluifh Afh-Colour; the loole Skin
on the Neck is White; the Belly is fo thinly cover’d with lightifh Hair
as to {how the Flefh-Colour ; there pafies a white Line above the
black Spot that furrounds the Eye, and a light brownifh Line on the
under Side of the fame Spot. The Legs are of a light Colour, (be-
coming gradually White near the Feet) fpotted and marked with Black,
as exprefled in the Figure ; the Tuft at the End of the Tail is Black ;
the Hoofs are formed like thofe of our Cattle, and are of a dusky-brown
Colour.

I faw one of thefe Buffalo's, kept fomeTimeGrazing in the Artillery -G round, London^
and obferving a Pi&ure after Nature of the fame Animal, which agreed exactly with
it, in the Houfe of Sir Hans Shane , at Chelfea , I contented myfelf with engraving a
I? late from thePi&ure, for I could not have made a better from Nature. Sir Ham
told me his Picture was an Original from Nature, done by Order of the late Sir JoJiab
Child, of JVanftead in Effex , Bart, The Creature was a Prefent to Sir Jofiab, from
the Eajl-Indies . The Picture was afterwards given to Sir Hans Sloane , by Mrs. Caf-
fandra W'tllughby^ afterwards Dutchefs of Chandois . It is one of their Domeftick Cattle
in India . I have often heard Sir Hans Shane fay, that of the Shin-Bones of this Buffalo
burnt, or half calcined, are made what in the Eajl-Indies are commonly called Ser -
pentine Stones , being pretended to be taken out of theHeads of the Serpents, czMz&Cobras
de Cabelo j to which they attribute a wonderful Property of extracting the Poifon, if
applied to the Wound, and that being wafhed in Milk and dried, they are again fit
for life* The-

( 201 )

Three fmall Bats.

T H E upper Figure is a Bat from Jamaica ; It differs from thofe in England , in having a
fmall Flap on the Nofe, and in wanting a Tail, a Web or Skin filling up the Space be-
tween the hinder Legs. This Figure Ihows the Belly upwards. The middle Figure is the fhort-
eared Englijh Bat, with the Back upwards. The lower Figure is the long ear’d, or double-
ear* d Englijh Bat, with its Belly upwards, the better to fhow the double Ears. They are all
three reduced from their natural Size, juft half, or by a Scale of twelve fuppofed Inches di-
vided on fix Standard ones.

The upper Figure is principally remarkable for the Flap on its Nofe, which when newly ta-
ken out of Spirits was pliable, (by which Means I think I have difcovered its Ufe) and would
cover the Noftrils, and fix its Point into a Notch in the under Lip, by which it locked up the
Nofe and Mouth. This I take to be a Contrivance to prevent the Tranfpiration of its juices
in its torpid or fleeping State, in the rainy Seafons of hot Countries, or the rigid Seafons of
colder Climates ; for this Genus are, I believe, all Sleepers at certain Times. It hath no Tail,
in which it differs from thofe found with us.

The middle Figure is the Chore- ear’d Englijh Bat : It differs from the upper in wanting the
Flap on the Nofe, and in having a Tail. "The Colours in the three Sorts are pretty much the
fame, viz. their Heads and Bodies are covered with fhort Fur, or Hair, like that of Mice, of
a lightifh Moufe, or Dun-Colour beneath, and a little more of a reddifii Brown on their upper
Sides. The Bones that extend the Wings, if examined, are really no other than the forward
Legs, extended far beyond the ufual Length in other Quadrupedes, and webbed together like the
Feet in Water- Fowl, fo that a Bat is no more of Kin to Birds, than Water-Fowl are to Fifties.
The fmall Toe, and the four larger, are diftinft in what is called the Wing •, the little Toe is
fhort, with a Claw, in order to fix itfelf to any Place, and crawl along ; thefeToes are webbed
with an exceeding fine, thin, foft Membrane, which alfo fills up the Spaces on its Sides between
the Wings and hinder Legs, and again between the hinder Legs and Tail, as the Figures
beft exprefs. The hinder Feet in all of them are like thofe of Mice; they have fmall fharp
Teeth, rather like thofe of Cats than Mice ; the Webs in all of them are of a Dark, dufky Co-
lour, above and beneath •, but the Bones of the Legs and Wings that extend the Membrane are
covered beneath with a Dufky, Flefb-colour’d Skin.

The lower Figure hath exceeding long Ears, with fhorter ones within them, which feem to
be contrived to fhut the Ears in its fleeping State, for the fame Purpofe as the Flap clofmg the
Mouth in the upper Figure ; this alfo differs from the two Uppermoft, in having little EIollows
at the Points of the Wings, as expreffed by the Figure.

The Uppermoft was brought from Jamaica , by Mr. Harpur , Surgeon, late of Plajlow in EJJex :
The other two I procured alive at London. Sir Hans Sloane mentions a Bat in Jamaica agreeing
with our common Bats. See his Hiftory of Jamaica, Vol II. P. 3 30, and alfo a Bat with an Ear-
like Procefs over its Snout, which is, I fuppofe, the fame with P iso’s Vefpertilio cor nut us, and
the firft deicrib’d above. M. de la Condamine in his Voyage down the River f Amazons , fays,
the Bats which fuck the Blood of Horfcs, Mules, and even Men, when they don’t fecure them-
felves from them, are a Nufance common to moft of the hot Countries in America , and fome of
them are of a monftrous Bignfes : At Eorja , and in divers other Places, they have deftroyed the
great Cattle which the Miftionaries had introduced there, and which began to multiply in thofe
Parts. Dampier , in his Voyage round the World, fays, in the Eland of Mindanao , in the Eaft-
Indies , there are Bats as big as Kites. Near the laft mentioned Eland lies the lfle of Bats.
Dampier fays, this Eland was the Efabitation of an incredible Number of great Bats, with Bodies
as big as Ducks, or large Fowl, and with vaft Wings •, for hefaw at Mindanao one of this Sort,
and judged that the Wings ftretched out in Length could not be lefs than feven or eight Feet
from Tip to Tip, for it was much more, than any of them could fathom with their Arms
extended to the utmoft. See a farther Account of Bats, Page 180 of this Work.

^ & tv &r ?> 5 . / ?4 9

3 or

2 0 %

[ 202 ]

The large Green and fpotted Lizard.

T T is here reprelented of its natural Bignefs : I met with it alive,
J[ in the Poffemon of a Perfon whofe Name I have forgot, who ftaid
in London only for a little while, but gave me Liberty to make a
Draught of it, and told me it was brought from Jamaica.

The Head, all the Legs, Sides, and under Part of the Body, are of
a fine green Colour ; the Top of the Head is cover’d with broad
Scales ; the Sides, and under Part of the Head, with fmaller Scales ;
it has a Kind of Necklace under its Throat, exprefled in the Figure.
It extends a Black forked Tongue from its Mouth ; the Ear-hole is
pretty far behind the Eye, which is of a black Colour. The upper
Side, from Head to Tail exclufive, is of a dark-brown, or dusky Co-
lour, cover’d with very final! Scales like Studs, variegated with yellow-
ilk Lines, croffing each other, and forming an irregular Kind of Net-
Work, as reprefented on each Side, from the fore Legs to the Hinder ;
it is marked with fine Blue oval Spots, each Spot being furrounded
with a dusky or black Colour ; the Tail is cover’d with longifh Scales,
which run round it in regular Rows to its End, all of a dark Brown,
with a greenifb Gaft. The Belly hath broad tranfverfe Scales running
acrofs it; it hath five Toes on each Foot, with fmall ftiarp Nails ; the
hinder Feet feem to have a Thumb and four diftindt Fingers.

Mr. Petiver in bis Works has, I believe, figur’d this fame Lizard. See his gzd
Plate, Fig. i. He having drawn it with the Back upwards, it doth not fhow the Spots
on the Sides, which however he has mentioned. He fays, his is from Gibraltar, and
c41s it a Gibraltar Lizard , finely embroidered on the Back with brown Nets, and
yellowifh Specks, with bluifh Spots on the Sides. This beautiful Creature, he fays,
was prefented to him alive, and lived above three Months after it was brought over*
without any Food, and died in the Winter. Though Mr. Petiver has not mentioned
the Head and other Parts being Green, as I have defcnbed them, I fuppofe he omitted
that as aThing commoi to many Lizards, and wrote only what he found to be extra-
ordinary in this. I take his and mine to be of the fame Species and Country, though
he and I have been differentlv informed as to the Native Place. What is brought to us
by Ships that have been on trading Voyages, is often faid to be of the Country from
whence the Ship came laft.

The Butterfly here figur’d, only to give an A&ion to the Lizard, is found on Cur-
rant Bufhes in England: The Body is of a Gold-Colour with black Spots ; the Win^s
are of a Cream-Colour, with many black Spots and Streaks 5 the upper Wings have
each a tranfverfe Bar of Gold-Colour crois their Middles, between two Rows of black
Spots.

VOL.IV, N ' The

( 203 )

The Great Spotted Lizard, with a forked Tail.

T H E Figure here given fhews its natural Eignefs. It was

brought from Jamaica., together with its Eggs and young
Ones, fome breaking out from the Eggs, and others beginning to at-
tain the Colour of the old One. The Eggs are firft White, of the
Shape and Size expreffed in the Figure ; they grow Brown before the
Young are perfect in them, which Young are feen wrapped up like
young Birds, with the Yolk hanging to their Navels. I found one
Egg with the young One breaking from it backwards, as expreffed in
the Figure : The Young come forth of a brown Colour, but when a
little grown they are Greenifh.

The Tongue is forked as in other Lizards ; the Top of the Head is
covered with broad Scales, of a whitifh Afh-Colour ; the Sides of the
Head, the Neck, Sides of the Body, Legs and Feet, are all of an Afh-
Colour, or Greyifh ; the Eyes are Black ; the Mouth is flit beyond
the Eyes ; the under Chap is Reddifh ; the Ears are open Holes. It
hath on each Shoulder two black Spots ; in the Middle of the Back it
hath a green Mark its whole Length, broadeft cn the Rump, and
ending in a Point between the Shoulders. The Sides are fpotted with
oval Spots of Blue, as are the outer Sides of the hinder Legs ; the Belly,
and Part of the under Side of the Tail, are checquered with Squares
of a fine Blue, parted with a darker Blue or Black. The Tail, fo far
as it is Angle, is Blue on its upper Side, but the Parts of both Tails,
from the Joining to their Ends, are of a brownish Afh-Colour. The
Feet have each of them five Toes, with fmail Nails or Claws. I be-
lieve it is not either natural or monftrous in this Animal to have two
Tails, but that a new Tail fucceeds the old i >ne when it chances to be
trod on, or to receive any other Injury, by which the old Fail mortifies
or dries up ; for in the Subject before us, the upper Tail, which I fuppofe
to be the old and dried Tail, was fhoved up out of its Place, and the
new Tail kept its lineal Diredion with the Body of the Animal.

This Lizard is very well figur’d (with a Tingle Tail,) in Sir Hatis Sloane’s Natural Hi/lory of
Jamaica , Vol. II. P. 333. Tab. 273, Pig . 3. Lacertus major cinereus maculatus. Sir Hans fays,
it is very common about old Walls. Since I made my Drawing of the above defcribed, J law
a Lizard of this very Species three times as big as my Subjedt, wnich had allb a forked Tail, bui:
the Parting was farther from the Body in the thin Part of the Tail. This laft is in the Collection
of my Friend Mr. Peter Colinfon . Dr. Cromwell Mortimer , Secretary of the Royal Society , obliged
me with the above defcribed, together with its Eggs and young Ones.

204

( 204 )

The African Land-Tortoise.

T H E Figure reprefents it of its natural Bignefs : I had the Male and Female
of this Species; they lived two Years with me, in the Garden of the College of
Thyficians , London . In the warm Months they copulated by Leaping, in the com-
mon Way of mod; four-footed Animals. I was in Hopes of propagating the Species,
but could never fee any of their Eggs in the Places where they fcraped Holes.

The Iris of the Eye was of a reddifh Hafel-Colour ; the Lips were hard, like the
Bill of a Bird ; the Head was cover’d with Scales of a yellowifh Colour ; the Neck,
hinder Legs and Tail, were covered with a flexible Skin of a dirty Flefh-Colour, that
they might be the more pliable to be put forth and drawn into the Shell. The Fore-
Legs were cover’d with yellow Scales on their Outfides, which are partly expofed
when the Legs are drawn in. The Shell is round, and pretty much riling on its
upper Side, and flat underneath ; it is divided into many Compartments, or feparate
Scales, which have Furrows or Creafes all round them, leffening one within another
to the middle Part of each Scale. The Shell is of a yellowifh Colour, clouded and
fpotted with large and fmall irregular Spots of Dufky or Black ; the Vent is in the
Tail itfelf, which the Female turns up in Coition, and the Male turns his Tail in-
ward under it, which brings the Vents of each to touch. It hath five Clawson each
Foot forwards, and four on each of the hinder Feet. When they apprehend Danger,
they draw the Head, Tail and Legs into the . Shell, fo that they cannot be eaflly
hurt.

This Tortoife was fentto me from Santa-Cruz in Wejl Barbary , by my late Friend
Mr. Thomas Rawlings, Merchant, who died there [Anno 1748] after fome Years
Settlement in that Country.

fhe fmall fpotted Grey Lizard.

I T S natural Bignefs is exprefs’d by the Figure : It is rather covered with a rough
Skin than with Scales ; it is all over of an Afh, or greyifli Colour 3 the Skin is a
little rough or warty ; it is fpotted on its upper Side with fmall dufky Spots ; on the
Belly with larger ; and had fome Rings of the fame dufky Colour round its Tail. It
hath five Toes on each of its Feet ; the Toes are all of equal Length, contrary to what
they are in other Lizards. I take it to be a Species of that Genus of moift Lizards,
which we in England call Efts , which are commonly found in wettiih Places, and
under Stones. This was brought from Turkey , and given to my worthy Friend, Dr.
John Fothergill , of the College of Phyfi clans y London , who obliged me with a Sight of
it. It is near of Kin to T stiver' s fmall Carolina Salamander. See his Catalogue , Fig.
535. It is of the Bignefs, and near the Shape of the above defcribed, but differs prin-
cipally in having larger and more diftintf: Spots ; the Colour of it is not mentioned.

The

( 20 5 )

*The Land-Tortoise from Carolina.

H E Figure fhews its natural Bignefs : It differs From the African Land-Tor-
toife lad defcribed, in having no Tail 5 tho’ it feems to have the Rudiment
of a Tail, at the Extremity whereof the Vent is placed, which in thefe Animals is
Engle as in Birds ; it differs alfo from the former in having the lower Side of the
Shell in two Parts, divided acrofs the Middle of the Belly, and joined to the upper
Shell on the Sides by a tough, tho’ flexible Skin ; by which Means it can (when it
draws in its Head and Legs) clofe or fhut up its Shell as iirmly as that of an Oyfler.
The Shell of the before defcribed is fixed, and cannot be fhut, but on contracting
its Plead and Legs the Spaces are filled up, and defended by its horny Nofe and
Legs forwards, and the Heels of the hinder Legs, which are alfo fcaly.

, The Head is covered with a hard or fhelly Covering, of a dark-brown Colour
on the Top ; on the Sides and Throat it is Yellow, with final! black or dufky Spots.
Its Noftrils are near together a little above the End of its Beak ; the Eyes are of
a yellowifh Colour : The Neck is covered with a loofe Skin, of a dark-purplifh
Flefh-Colour, which partly covers the Head when it is not fully extended ; the
hinder Legs and Parts about the Vent are covered with Skin of the fame dull Flefh-
Colour as the Neck ; the Fore-Legs and Feet are cover’d with yellow hard Scales ;
it hath five Toes on each Foot forwards, and four on each of the hinder Feet, all
armed with pretty ftrong Claws of a dufky Colour. The She'll above is pretty
fifing and round, divided into feparate Scales, of the horny Subfiance called
Tortoife- Shell ; each Scale is engraven as it were with Rings round its Extremities,
which leffen inwards to its Center; the Shell above is of a dufky-brown Colour,
with yellowifh Spots of various Forms ; underneath it is flattifh, and of a yellow
Colour, with black Clouds and Spots.

Thefe finall Tortoifes are generally call’d Turapins by the Eng&fh refiding in
America : This was brought from South Carolina , and prefented to me alive by my
Friend Mr. Alexander Light > whom I have mention’d in the former Part of this
Work. I formerly was of Opinion that only hot and temperate Climates produced
the Land-Tortoife, but I am informed, that there is a Species of the Tortoiie found
in Hudfon's-Bay , about fome of the Englijh Settlements. I faw in the Hands of
my obliging Friend Mr. ljham y a Tobacco Box fet in Silver, having the upper
Shell of a Tortoife for its Cover, and the under Shell for a Bottom : The upper
was riling, and the under flattifh, both of a light-yellowifh Horn-Colour, without
Spots, and I think about the Size of the above-defcribed. Mr. Ijham afllir’d me,
he brought the Shell from Hudfon’s-Bay, and that it was the natural Produce of
that Country.

The

( 2o6 )

The Sea-Tortoise.

T H E Sea-Tortoife is commonly call’d by our Sea-Captains Turtle , of which
there are three Sorts generally known and eaten by Europeans , tho not all
efteemed equally good. The green Turtle is efteemed the bed Food, the Hawk-
billed the next in Go odnefs, the Loggerhead the word of the three Sorts, and fel-
dom eaten. All thefe Sorts grow to a very large Size. The Subjects here figur’d on
the Plate are of their natural Bignefs, juft when they break forth from the Egg: The
upper Figure is in its natural State 5 the middle Figure reprefents the Head Sideways j
the lower Figure is of one that happened to be a Monfter, having two Heads.

The Nofe is (harp-pointed, juft above which the Noftri s are placed near togetner, and
feem to rife a little from the Head : The Mouth is flit beyond the Eyes ; the under Chap has
a Hook or Tooth at its End, which is received into the Upper when the Mouth is fhut. See
the Figure of the Head Sideways. The Head is cover’d with Scales, of a dufky or biackifh.
Colour on the Crown, and a little fpotted with Dufky on a Cream-Colour under the Eyes \
the Neck is cover’d with a loofe pliable Skin of a purplifh Flefh -Colour *, the Legs near the Body,
the Tail, and all the Parts on the under Side (which are not hid by the Shell) are aifo co-
ver’d with a Skin of the fame Colour. See the lower Figure, The Shell on the upper Side
hath thirteen principal large Scales or Parts, which are encompaffed by twenty-five final!
ones, that on the outer Circumference are toothed, or like the Edge of a Saw, as both fi-
gures exprefs : They are all of a dark or biackifh brown Colour, except the Edges of the leller
Scales on their outer Sides, which are Yellow : The Side Scales on the Back have each of them
a Rifing in its Middle : The under Side hath a Sort of Breaft- Plate of Shell, a little hollow in
the Middle, which is joined to the Sides by other Scales or Parts of the Shell * the whole Shell
beneath is of a reddifh-yellow Colour *, the dark Spot in the Shield is the Navel ; the Scales
are fo exactly divided in the Figures, which were wrote on the Hate direCtly fiom Nature,
that they need not be enumerated. The Feet (which have Toes and Nails in the Land-Tor-
toife) are fiat and broad in this, and may rather be called Fins ■, tho if they aie ftriCtly exa-
mined, they have the Bones of the Toes running through them, but they are fixed and extend-
ed with a fcaly Skin, fo as rot to be fpread wider, or contracted ; they are coveied above and
beneath with Scales Dufky or Biackifh on their upper Sides, except a little Yellow round
their Borders ; on their under Sides they are more Yellow, being only clouded with a dufky
Colour at their Ends, On each Foot one of the Toes feems to be a little detached, with a
fm all Claw on it. It hath a fmatl Tail extending juft beyond the Shell. The Shells both of the
Land and Water-Kind are fixed on a very ftrong bony Subftance, and will part from it by
putting Fire under the Hollow of the bony Covering when it is taken off. It has a remai li-
able Wart on the Infide of each of the forward Fins about the Joint,

Thefe are in the Collection of Dr. Mead, Phyfician in Ordinary to the King, I take the
Subjedt before us to be the Hawk- Bill Turtle, from the Sharpnefs of its Beak, but cannot be
certain, I not having feen the fever al Sorts to make the proper DiftinChon. Sir Hans Vcane has
given us the Manner of taking Turtle, and their Ufe in the Weft- Indies ; but their Figures and
particular Defcriptions are omitted. See his Hiftory of Jamaica, Vol II P. 33,1, 332 Mr.
Catcjby has figur’d the three Sorts above-mentioned. See his Natural Hiftory oj Carolina ,
Yol, II. P. 38, 39, 40. but as none of his are any Thing like mine, I cannot determine its
particular Species from him. ^

O

I

( 207 )

The Double-headed Snake

I S drawn here of its natural Bignefs. I did not propofe at firft in this Natural
Hi/lory to exhibit Monfters, but our prefent Subject (confidered even with a
fingle Head) may be looked on as a natural Production of a Species little or not at
all known to us.

It had two very diftinCt Heads, joined together at the Crania . See Letter B. The
Heads were not in an horizontal Pofition when the Snake lay on its Belly, but in-
clined to each other on their under Sides, leaving an Opening for the Throat to
come in between the two Heads underneath, as is exprefied at A. I found, by
opening the Mouths, that each of them had a forked Tongue, and the Teeth were
feen in each Mouth. It was not of the Viper-Kind, there being no Appearance of
Tufks or Fangs. The Tops of the Heads were cover’d with broad flattifh Scales :
The Neck was {lender; the Body increafed gradually to near half its Length, then de-
creafed to the Tail, which ended in a Point. The upper Side, for the whole Length,
was covered with fmall Scales, falling one over another ; the Belly was cover’d with
lingle Scales running acrofs it, in the Form of half Rings. It was all over of a
yellowifti Colour, without any Spots or Variation. Since I drew this, a Perfon
brought a common Engli/h Snake to me, which had two Heads quite feparate from
each other, the Necks parting about an Inch from the Heads.

The above defcribed came from the Illand of Barbadoes> and was fald to be taken
out of an Egg of the Size of a fmall Pullet’s Egg, by a Man who found it under
Ground as he was digging. It was brought November 5, 17473 to the Royal Society ,
where it was examined : I afterwards procur’d it to make a Drawing : It feems to me
to be of the fame Species with the Yellow Snake defcribed and figur’d in Sir Hans
Bloane's Natural Hijiory oj Jamaica , Vol. II. P. 335. Tab. 274.

The Black Butterflies.

I S U P P O S E thefe two Butterflies to be Male and Female ; the Bodies
and Ground-work of the Wings in both are of a very black Velvet-like Colour on
their upper Sides, and a more nifty Black beneath ; the biggeft Fly has a large irregular
white Spot on each of the upper or longer Wings ; on the under Wings it has feven
fine, red, longifh Spots on each ; befides fix little Half-Moons of red between the
Points of the Scalloping of the Wings, it hath alfo four fmall red Spots on the *
Body. The lefter Fly hath acrofs each of the upper Wings a Cloud of broken
Spots of a yellowifh Colour ; the lower Wings have longifih Spots of Red, much
like thofe in the larger Fly, but the fmall Half-Moons between the Scallops are
White.

I take thefe to be fcarce Flies; I have not feen them in any Collections ; they were
given to me by the late Mr. William Goupy , Fan-Maker in the Strand , London , who
told me he received them from the Weft Indies ; they are drawn of the exaCt Size of
Nature, as are all the Infects defcribed in this Work*

The

7 49

( 20 8 )

The Mango-Fish.

T H E natural Bignefs of the Fifh is truly (hewn by the Figure. It is remark-
able for having four Noftriis, two on each Side of its Nofe : It is a pretty thick
Fifh from Side to Side, in Proportion to its Depth from Back to Belly.

It is all over of an Orange, or Golden-Colour, refembling in that Particular what
is called the Gold-Fifh, brought to us of late Years alive from China, It is of a very
handfome Make, full bodied forwards, and tapering off towards the Tail : From the
under Sides of the Gills on each Side, fhoot forth feven ftiff Subftances like flairs, the
uppermoft of which is fixteen Inches long, from which they gradually fhorten to
two Inches, which is the Length of the ftiorteft : Above thefe, on each Side, juft at
the Angle of the Gills, it has a pretty long fharp Fin : It hath alfo another Pair of
Fins on the Beginning of the Belly juft below the Gills. On the Belly beyond the
Vent it hath a fingle Fin j on the Back it hath two Angle Fins, the one near the
Head in the thick Part of the Fifh, the other farther back, where it grows fmaller*
See their Shapes in the Figure. The Tail is more forked than is common in other
Fifties. It hath a firm hard Scaling all over the Body, whofe Size and Shape are
exprefted by the Figure. A fine oblique Line paffes over its Scales on each Side from
Head to Tail. The Fins and Tail are of a darker Yellowifh, or Orange-Colour, than
the Reft of the Body,

This Fifh was brought from Bengal with other Rarities to Dr. Mead , who obliged me with
a Sight of it. I believe it is call’d a Mango -Fifh, becaufe it is of the Colour that Fruit bears
when ripe \ for on my examining Dampier 9 s Voyage round the World, P. 391, when he is
fpeaking of the Indian Fruits, he fays, the Mango is of a yellowifh Colour when ripe. Whe-
ther this be a Salt or Frefh- Wat^r-Fifh, I cannot determine, tho* I judge it to be the latter.
Not having ftudied the Gaffing of Fifties, I leave it to the Knowing that Way to determine for
themlelves. I take it to be abfolutely a Nondefcript.

The Great Brown Locust.

O N the fourth Day of Auguft , 1 748, vaft Numbers of the great brownift fpotted Locufts
fettled in all Parts of the City of London , and in moft Parts of the Kingdom of England •»
which much furprized the Inhabitants, as no fuch Event was remembered to have happened
before by the Generality of the People. The largeft of them little exceeded the Figures here
reprefented, which were direftly engraved on the Plate from the Life, of their natural Bignefs.
They have Horns about an Inch long * their Shape is very much like our common little Grafs-
hopper v the Head and Horns are of a brownift Colour, Blue about the Mouth, and the Infide
of the greater Legs •, the Shield that covers the Back is Greenift : The upper Side of the Ab-
domen is Brown fpotted with Black •, the under Side of the Body is Purple ; the fix Legs are
Brownift, having dufky Spots, and a Tinfture of Green ; the upper Wings are Brown, with
fmall dufky Spots, and a larger Spot at their Tips •, the under Wings are more tranfparent,
and of a light Brown tinftur’d with Green, and a Cloud or dark Spot at their Tips, Sir Harts
Sloane calls it Locufta maxima cinereo purpurea Maculis brunis , Hi ft. Nat , Jamaica , Vol. II. P. 29.
Dampier in his Voyage round the World, fays, they are eaten in Countries where they abound.
Dr. Shaw has largely treated of this Species in his Account of Barbary , &c. This is the de-
ftroying Loculi that appears in Clouds, and fpreads itfelf at Times, to the 1 error of the Inha-
bitants of the warmer Climates of Europe , Afm and Africa . See a Knot of its Eggs exprefled
in the Plate, as they were taken out of Earth laid at the Bottom of a Glafs wherein fome
of thefe Locufts were kept. The

( 209 )

The Gold-F ish from China.

O U T of a great Number of thefe Fifties, which were variou fly coloured and
variegated, I have chofen the four Subjects reprefented here of their natural
Eignefs, tho’ there are fome larger, and others a good deal lefs. The largeft I have
met with meafur’d eight Inches in Length, and near three Inches in Depth over the
thickeft Part of its Body : This had no Fin on its Back. I have obferved many of
the fmall ones alfo to be without Fins on their Back.

Thefe Fifties are fhaped pretty much like the Carp, of which Genus I take them
to be a Species : Their Noftrils rife out of their Heads like the Ends of little Pipes.
All that 1 have feen had three Pair, or fix Fins, on their under Sides : On the upper
Sides fome are without, and others have them in various Forms, as reprefented in
thefe Figures : Some of them have Angle Tails, and others have them double, and
joined together cn the upper Edge, as the third Figure from the Top (hews. The
upper Figure is Blue on the Back, and Back-Fin ; the Refl of the Fifli is of a Gold-
Colour : Thefe Colours break into each other on its Sides ; the Tail is dark Brown.
The fecond Fifli is all over of a Gold-Colour, except a black Spot on the Head.
The third Fifli hath its upper Side, double Tail, and lower Fins of a Gold-Colour ;
the Belly of a Silver ; which two Colours mix eonfufedly on its Sides : It has fome
black Spots on its Fins and Tail. The Lowermoft, or fourth Fifli, hath its upper Side
Dufky, and its Under of a Silver-Colour, which foften into each other on its Sides ;
its Fins and Tail are Dufky.

His Grace the late Duke of Richmond had a large Chinefe earthen Veflel full of thefe Fifb,
brought alive to England. I drew fome of them for his Grace, who permitted me to make
Draughts for myfelf, with Leave to make them Publick. The fit ft Account of thefe Fifties
being brought to England maybe feen in PetiveP s Works, publifted about Anno 1691. See
his Catalogue, 186, Pifcis Chin. Cauda ar gen ted, Plate yS, Fig. 6 . and Catalogue 18 7, Pifcis
Chin. Cauda awed , Plate 78, Fig. 7. They were not generally known in England till the Year
1728, when a large Number of them were brought over in the Houghton Indiaman , Captain
Philip V/orth , Commander, and prefented by him and Manning Lethieullier , Efq;
to Sir Matthew Decker : Since which Time they have been propagated in Ponds by

feveral curious Gentlemen, in the Neighbourhood of Eondon. They may be efteemed a Do-
meftick Fifh ; they vary infinitely in their Colours and Marks, as do all Donieftick Animals ;
they have been propagated and greatly increafed in the Ifland of St. Helena •, from whence
they are now brought by all our India Ships that touch there. They keep them in fmall Ponds
and Bafons in China , for the Amufement of the Ladies, and other curious Perfons. Thofe
propagated with us are generally of a deader Colour than what are brought from China , or
.St. Helena. In a few Years it is probable, we final! have them in our Rivers. The laft Au-
thor that h:s mention’d this Fifh is Linneus. See his Fauna Suecica , publifted at Leyden ,
1746. See his Figure of it, Tab. 2. Fig. 331. which is like it, but feems fore-ftorten’d, which
makes it appear thick and ftiort. He calls it Cyprinus Pinna Ani duplici , Cauda trifur c a, exoticus
Pijcis aureus Chinevfmm .

The

( 210 )

7 he R ibband-Fish.

T HE Middle Figure on tlie Plate fhews the natural Size of this Fifh. The
upper Figure is the common flying Fifh, and the Bottom-Figure is the fuck-
ing Fifh, which two laft were drawn of the Size of Nature, from fmall Fifhes, and
are figur’d here to fill up the Plate ; the Middle Fifh only being a Nondefcript.

The Middle Fifh is pretty flraight along its Belly, and riling on the Beginning of
the Back, which is very thin, and forms an Edge along its Ridge; it is broader
towards the Belly, tho* much compreffed Sideways ; it is Brown on the Back, and of
a lightifh Colour on the Belly, which when living, I believe, was of a Silver-Colour.
It hath a Fin on each Side of the Head, and a Pair of Fins beneath them, between the
Head and Belly; it hath a fingle Fin on the lower Part of the Belly near the Vent ;
it hath a long fharp Fin riling from the higheft Part of the Back, and behind that a
narrow Fin running the whole Length of the Ridge of the Back towards the Tail.
The Fins and Tail are of a dufky Colour. It hath a reddifh Circle round the Eye,
and a black Spot between theNoflrils : It hath alfo a broad black Lift running round
the Head, and palling through the Eyes; it hath two other black or dufky Lifts
bordered with White, the firft palling a little obliquely below the Head, the other
from the long Fin on the Back, quite through the Tail, which makes the Fifh ap-
pear as if it were bound with Ribbands.

This Fifh was fent from the Caribbee Hands in the Weft- Indies to James Fheobald, Efq;
F. R. S. who obliged me with a Sight of it. I mull leave the Curious to range it in its pro-
per Clafs.

The upper Figure is the flying Fifh, deferibed and figur’d already by a great Number of
Voyagers and Natural Hiftorians, yet I And no Figures fo near Nature as I could wifh to fee
them, therefore I have endeavoured to make an Improvement. The Body for Shape and Colour
pretty much refembles that of an Herring*, the Eyes are larger in Proportion, and more riflng ; it
hath two Pair of Wings, the greater Pair a little behind the Gills, and the leflfer about the
Region of the Vent : The Figure exprefles their precife Shape *, they are of a thin finny Sub-
fiance, variegated with dark dufky Spots on a light cinereous Ground. Near the Tail it has
a narrow Fin on its Back, and another on its under Side, of an Afh-Colour ; the Tail is
Alh-colour’d and forked ; the lower Part of the Fork much the longeft, which others have
not obferved, tho’ I have found it fo in all I have examin’d. Petiver on Plate 30. Fig. 2. hath
given us an unknown Flying-Filb, of which he fays, <e this wonderful Fifh is Red throughout ;
all its Fleih will, in one Night, by hanging up, diflolve into a florid red Liquor, which they
ufe in Staining, and is very Jailing : It is a Span and a half long, and hath Wharts inflead of
Scales.” He calls it, Hirundo luzon. venenata ruberrima Bangol di 51 a.

The lower Fifh is the Sucking- Fi/h. It fallens itfelf to the Sides of larger Fifties, by that
flat Part on the Crown of the Head, and I believe that Part is form’d for progrelfive Motion,
as in Snails, the Mouth being fo formed as to touch the Sides of the Fifh to which it fallens,
by which Means, I fuppofe, it feeds on the llimy Subftance it finds on the Skins of the greater
Fifhes. It feems to be without Scales : It is all over of a dark Alh-Colour ; it has a Line
along each Side, two Pair of Fins near the Head, a fingle Fin on the Back near the Tail,
and one of equal Length on the under Side behind the Vent : It hath fome tranfverfe Fur-
rows on its Sides. Petiver has figur’d a different Species of this Genus, found in the Phillip-
pine Hands. See PL 44. Fig. 12. of his Works.

Vol. IV.

p

A Brief

( 212 }

A

Brief and General Idea of Drawing,

and Painting in Water-Colours: In-
tended for the Amufement of the Curious, rather
than for the Inftru&ion of Artifts.

A S the greatefl Number of the prefent Edition of this Work will be delivered
flained, or wafhed in their natural Colours, and as the Drawings in General
are quite new Defigns, with fome little Decorations added on the Ground-
Work, in order to fet off the Figures which are the Subjed-Matter of the Work 3
I think it will not be improper to give my Thoughts on Defign and Colouring, in
brief and general Terms. I fhallnot meddle with Perfpedive : Yet, it may not be
improper to hint, that Perfons who are unacquainted with it can be no Proficients in
Drawing, as is manifeft from the Works of fome Painters of no fmali Fame, in
whofe Works a Mathematical Eye difcovers very grofs Abfurdities. We have many
good Authors of our own, as well as Tranflations from other Languages, on the
Subject of Perfpedive ; from which any one may eafily gain a general Conception of
the Art, and by a little Labour become a Mailer of it.

Perfpedive is principally neceffary in regular Buildings, where many ftraight Lines
run through the various Parts of them, of which all that are parallel mufl meet in
one Point. In other Subjeds a thorough Knowledge of Perfpedive is not fo abfo~
lutely neceffary, yet a due Regard for it is always to be had, as in Landfcapes, to
diminifh every Thing according to its fuppofed Difiance from the Eye 3 for, by
making the diftant Figures the leaft, and drawing them in finer or fainter Lines
than you do thofe that come forwards in your Pidure, they naturally feem to be
more diftant 3 and when you come to finifti fuch Pidure, your extream diftant Ob-
jeds fhould appear fo faint, or fo obfcure, as not to be difcovered to be of any
precife Form or Colour 5 for fo it is in natural Objeds far diftant from our Sight*.
As Objeds draw nearer, they may be made a little more exprefiive 3 and fo on, more
and more, till you come to the neareft Objeds of all in the F ore-Ground of the
Pidure, which fhould be finifhed with great Strength, and brighter Colouring : For
it mufl always be confidered, that fuch Objeds as have really in them (elves a very
bright Colouring, if they are removed to a little Diftance from the Eye, will
loofe (by the Interpofition of the Air) fome of their Luftre 5 and by being^ farther
removed they will loofe more of it, till they appear, as it were, Colourlefs : For v .

( 21.3 )

if feveral Men, cloathed in feveral very different and glaring Colours, be placed on a
diftant Mountain’s Edge, juft within the utmoft Reach of the Eye, we may dif-
cover thefe Men as Objeds diftind: from each other, but without any other Colour
than what is caufed by feeing them through a great Space of greyifh Air ; fo that
very diftant Objeds, may properly be faid, to have neither Light, Shadow nor
Colour. Any common Obferver may perceive, when he commands an extenfxve
Profped, where there are Ranges of diftant Hills one behind another, that the moft
diftant are of a fiat, faint, bluifh Colour, without any lighter or darker Parts, and
confeqiientjy without any diftind Objeds vifible on them ; therefore, if yon
would make a Pidure appear like Nature, your greateft Diftances muft be faint.
Thole Hills that lie a little nearer may fhew lome fmall Diftindion between
Wood-Lands, and the bare Surface of the Ground ; on others ftill nearer we may
diftinguifh Churches and Villages, till we come nearer ftill, where particular Houfes,
Men and Cattle may be perceived, and fo on, till we fee diftindly every vifible Ob-
jed about us.

A Theory of this Sort is absolutely necefiary in every Painter who would imi-
tate Nature in almoft any Refped. To run it over again ; from a near View to
a diftant Place, let your firft, or neareft Objeds, have pure and bright Colours,
according as the Nature of the Subjeds require. Thefe fhould be finifhed with great
Lights and ftrong Shadows : Thofe at a little Diftance fhould be fomething°iefs
bright in their Ground-Colours, not fo high in their Lights, or fo deep in their
Shadows ; and as they are farther diftant, they fhould diminifh more in the Purity
of Colour, as well as in Light and Shadow, till they have neither Light, Shadow,
Colour, or diftind Form ; for all is confufed and mixed at very great Diftances.
As one goes backwards in a Pidure, much Frnifhing is to be fpared; the Win-
dows of a Houfe are not fuppofed to be vifible at fome Miles Diftance,
though the Houfe in its general Form may be feen: As to little Ornaments in
Drefs, they are always to be let alone, if a Figure be at any Diftance, for we
know that the Buttons on a Man's Coat, or a Lady’s Trinkets, are invifible at a
little Diftance.

In fpeaking of Colours, I fhall not perplex the Reader, as the common Rooks
on the Suhjed of Drawing, &c. have done; which tell you what to mix together
for a Ship, Trees, the Earth, a Brick Houfe, Lyon, Fox, &c. for thefe Particulars
are trifling and luperfluous. The Way to Colour well is, when we are provided with
all necefiary Colours, to confult the natural Colours of the Objeds we would repre-
fen t ; then by calling the Eye over the Colours we have ready prepared, it is very
likely we may find fomething that in many Cafes will ferve our Turn, pure and un-
mixed; but if we cannot, let us conlider the Colours in a compound Senfe. We
have an Objed, for Example, which is Purple; amongft our Colours we do not find
that, but by mixing Red and Blue it is produced. Blue and Yellow, produce
Green. Red and Yellow, make an Orange-Colour. Red, Blue and Yellow, make
Browns and Cloth-Colours ol all Kinds, by varying the Quantities of each ; fo that
Red, Blue and Yellow, by a Compound of fome two of them, produce the fine
Colours, viz. Purple, Green, and Orange-Colour ; and the three primary Colours,

Red,

( 214 )

Red, Blue and Yellow, compounded all together, in different Proportions, produce all
the different Degrees of Browns and Cloth- Colours, and a Shadow for White itfelf:
For if you take a round Piece of Card-Paper, and* divide it into three Parts, by Lines
from the Center to the Circumference, and wafh thefe three Parts with the three
Primary Colours, fo that neither of them be too ff rong for the other, and all of them
pretty light, then fix a Pin in the Center, and turn it about fwiftly, you will find the
Colours will be loft in each other, and the Paper will appear White, though not of
fo pure a White as before it was coloured.

Though all Colours may be compounded from three of the principal Colours, yet
as the Colour-Shops produce a long Lift of Colours, wherein are Variety of Reds*
Blues and Yellows, of different Shades and Cafts, as well as Browns of many diffe-
rent Sorts, it will be convenient for thofe who fet out in Painting or Colouring, to
be furniftied with all of them, which may fave fome Trouble in Com-
pounding.

I fhall give here a few Hints on the Preparing of Colours, though this Subjed has
been largely handled already.— Common Reafon will teach one to reduce all hard
Subftances by grinding them well on a Stone, and after grinding them, to levigate
them finely in Water, by pouring them feveral Times out of one Veftel into ano^
ther, after ftirring them, and letting the gritty and grofier Parts fettle : This not only
takes out all the gritty and grofs Particles, but frees many Earthy and Mineral
Colours from corrofive Salts, which would have a bad Effect, by making a Work
fpotty, or changing the Colours, as well as attrading Moifture, which in Time is
apt to rot the Canvas or Paper on which they are laid.

. *

There are fome few Colours which are only Gums ; thefe are Gamboge and Sap-
Green : They hold themfelves on the Paper without any additional Gum ; but all
the Mineral, or Earthy Colours, mu ft be mixed with a due Proportion of Gum*
Arabick, or Senega, to bind them together, and make them ftick to the Paper. If
there be too little Gum, the Colours will rub off if you pafs your Finger over the
Paper when dried : If too much, the Colours will fhine, crack when very dry,
and fometimes peel off*. What I fay muft always be underftood of Water-Col ours, or
Painting and Colouring in Water. Indigo muft be ground with Gum diftolved in
Water, and, when well ground, dried in frnall Drops, which will be eafily reduced
again to a Liquid, in fair Water, fit for Ufe. I have difcovered a Secret relating to
purifying Indigo, which may be of Ufe : Make a very ftrong Lye of Pot-Afh, then
break your Rock-Indigo pretty frnall, and put it into the Lye, fo that it be covered :
It may ftand a Month or more. When you pour off the Lye, cover it with boiling
Water, fhifting it every Day till the Water comes from it pretty clear, and it will be
purified from all its Filth j for the Lye, and many of the Waters after it, will
come from it of the Colour of very ftrong Brown Beer, while the Bluenefs of the
Indigo is not extra<fted; the Foul-Colour is drawn from the rotten Leaves that are
mafhed with the Indigo when it is made up : — It fhould be thus prepared be-
fore the Grinding.

Vol IV,

There

( 215 )

There are two ufeful Colours I have not mention’d, White and Black, which
fome count no Colours at all. I think they may be termed the two Extreams of
Colouring, fmce the one is the ftrongeft Light we can lay on, and the other the
deeped: Shade. Thefe are feldom ufed pure, but are mixed with other Colours.
The White (where Colours are laid on in a Body) mixed, in different Proportions,
with any other Colour, makes all the Variety of Shades that the two Colours fo
mixed are capable of producing. White may be compounded with any fimple or com-
pound Colour, to produce different Shades thereof. Black is often mixed (a little
of it) in the Shades, where the Qbjedt is of a beautiful and Primary Colour, as Red,
Blue, or Yellow j for thefe Colours fhadowed with fine dark Colours of their own
Species, would be too glaring, and quite unnatural ; fo that it is neceffary to allay
them with Black, or fome dull Colour ; for if you obferve Nature itfelf, for Ex-
ample, a fine red or blue Garment, it will appear' exceeding fine in the firff and
fecond Lights, but if you attentively examine the deep Shades, the Colour is often,
fo obfcure than you can call it by no particular Name.

There are two Ways of Painting in Water 5 one by mixing White with your
Colours, and laying on a thick Body; the other is only wafhing your Paper or Vel-
lum with a thin Water tindtured with Colour. The firff Method, which may
more properly be called Painting, is thus performed : When you have a Drawing
finifihed in Out-Lines, you lay in your Colours mixed with White, in fuch a
Medium, as to be about the middle Colour between your higheff Lights and deepeff
Shadow. You may lay in the whole Piece before you begin to fhadow and
heighten, or lay in and finifh it in Parts as you think beff : If you do it in Parts, the
Diffances muff be done firff; becaufe the Out-lines of the Parts more forwards, rnay
then be worked over the more diffant and firff finifhed Parts. When you have laid,
your Ground, the ufualWayis, to fhadow firff with the fame Colours you have
laid in, only with lefs White in them, till you come to. your deepeff Shadows,
wherein is no White at all; but it is to be remembered, that thefe ft'rong Shadows
are required only in the Front-Objedts of the Pidfure, and that the deep Shadows
of the fine Colours, muff be allay’d with Black, or Brown, to give them their na-
tural Ohfcurity, When the dark Shadows are finifhed, you may begin to heighten
the Lights, by adding White to the Colours with which you laid in the different
Parts of your Pidture ; obferving always, that as Objedts are little fhadowed, they
muff be little or nothing heightened when very diffant; but Front-Figures maybe
heightened very much : Yet we fhould avoid ufing pure White in the Heighten-
ing of any Objedt, unlefs it be of a white Colour, or hath a polifh’d Surface, or be.
fome other Body that refledts the Light very ffrongly.

When all the particular Parts of a Pidture are finifhed feparately, the whole is to
he carefully furvey’d and confider’d, to fee that there is Harmony throughout;.
For, if Diffances neareft to the Fore- Ground are too faint, they will feem to be
farther off than their Perfpedtive Proportions will allow : Or, if your . greateff
Diffances are expreffed too ffrong and diftindt, they are brought too near, and'
contradidt the Senfe and Meaning of the Piece ; fo that after finifhing the Parts,

there

( ai6 )

there generally wants fome Amendment in the Whole, to make a proper Har-
mony in a Pidture.

In Defigning, it is generally neceffary to contrive a Piece fo, that the Objedts
fhall be relieved by the Ground, or relieve each other ; for Example, if you have
light or bright Objedts, the Ground behind them may be a Group of dark-green
Trees, or Shrubs, which will bring them forwards, and make them appear to Ad-
vantage. If you have Objedts in your Fore-Ground, that are in the Shade, or in
themfelves are of dark Colours, then it will be convenient to place behind them
fome light Objedts, fuch as a clear Opening in a Landfkip, either the Earth, Hills,
or Sky. It is alfo often neceffary, the better to free a large Objedt from the
Ground, to make the Ground dark on the light Side, and light on the dark
Side of fuch Objedt or Figure ; but yet the Ground muffc be fo ftudied as to
appear very Natural, and conceal the ArtifPs Contrivance.

In a Piece of Painting, fpecial Care fhould be taken that there be no very fliarp, or
hard Lines (as we call them) or any fudden Lights immediately bordering on dark
Shadows, for they are difcordant in Painting : On the contrary, the Out-Lines of
Objects fhould be fo broken into the Grounds behind them, as not to be pre-
cifely traced. Many great Painters, to avoid a too fhocking Glare of Colours, have
broke the Colours of their Draperies, as well as other Objedts, into one another,,
for they are really fo in Nature: For Example, expofe a red and a blue Sattin in
a good Light near each other, and they fhall both appear Purple, in thofe Parts of
each of them which diredtly receive the Refledtion of the other: The fame is to
be obferved of other Colours, fo that many Painters have harmonized all their
Colours, by never introducing a dlredt Red, Blue, Yellow, or hardly any other:
gay Colour, without fome little Mixture or Allay.

I fhall proceed to fpeak of Wafhing, or Staining in Colours, either of Drawings or
Prints, by way of Hint to private Perfons, who like to amufe themfelves in
that Way," rather than to Artifans. — And firft, of the common Way, pradtifed by the
Print-Shops about Town, in their Views of Palaces, Gardens, Figures,, and all
other Pidtures for common Sale. Thefe are to be confidered as cheap Things,
done with much Expedition, and with little Study, as to Propriety in Colourings
fcr fuch is the Judgment of the Bulk of the People, that the more glaring they
are in their Colouring, and the more diftant from Nature, the more they are
prized. Thefe common Wafhers .generally mix a little White in their Skies-
and Diflances in Colouring of Prints,, becaufe it takes off the Harfhnefs of an ordi-
nary Print, as mofl of them are that are fold coloured.

A fine Print, coloured by a judicious Artift, might be made almoft equal in'
Value to an original Drawing in Colours : But for fuch no one ‘will pay a Price:
equal to its Worth. To make an intire Drawing in the thin or wafhing Way,^ it
muff firft be drawn in Out-Lines, and then you may proceed to finiftv it with-,
different Colours in its different Parts, as the Nature of tne Thing requires,, be-
ginning to wafh with. Water thinly tindtured with Colour, at firft, and gradu^

( 217 )

ally proceeding to ufe it more ftrong in your'Shadows, employing no White at all
throughout your Work, but carefully leaving the White of your Paper in the
high Lights of white Objects, and very thinly wafhing the Lights in coloured
Bodies. You are to obferve, that this Method is no more than making a Drawing in
Indian Ink, only inftead of making it all Black, you ufe fine prepared Colours in
the different Parts of your Pi&ure.

I have fpoken already of the Management and Mixture of Colours. Prints may be
colour'd this Way, without White intermixed ; all the Prints in this Natural Hiftory
being without White, for fuch Water-colour’ d Prints, or Drawings, as have White
mixed in their Colours, are apt to change Black. In order to procure Colours that
will be exceeding fine, and run very fmooth in this Way of Wafhing, mix a little
gummed Colour in a large Shell, and work it well with your Finger, then thin it
with Water, and let it fettle a little, and by pouring a little off the Top of it into
another clean Shell, you will procure a fine free working Colour, which you may
make as light as you pleafe by the Addition of Water. If a Colour doth not fpread
itfelf freely, by Reafon of any Greafinefs on your Paper, if you touch your Pencil
ever fo little in Ox-Gall, it will make your Colours run free. Always obferve in
thefe firft and lighted: Colours to ufe a large Pencil, in order to fill up the Space you
have to cover with all convenient Expedition ; for, if you are flow, and let your Co*
lour dry in Parts, and touch again over their Edges, your Colours will be blotchy
and dreaky.

Paper proper for Drawing on in this Way, ought to be neither over nor under«
gummed : That which is too much gummed, or fized in the Making, is fo hard and
clofe it will not take in the Colours at all, and what is laid on at firft, one is apt to
Wafh off again in the fecond Shadowing, and fo on, which is very inconvenient.
An under-gummed Paper hath a contrary Inconveniency, for the Colours are apt to
run through it, and fpread beyond your Deflgn on the Out-Line. A proper Paper
may be chofen by touching it with your Tongue : An ungummed Paper will ftick
very ftrongly to the Tip of the Tongue when touched : An over-gummed Paper will
hardly ftick at all ; by which a proper Medium may be found, that only fticks a
little to the Tongue. It is of fmall Import,- whether your Paper be very White, or
not; for provided it be of an even clear Grain and Surface, a Caft on the Yellow or
Cream will not hurt the Drawing when finifhed. If a Print that you would colour
be on a loofe ungummed Paper, it may be prepared for Colouring by wafhing it over
(once or more, as it may require) with a thin Pafte made of Wheat-Flower, boiled
in Water, and letting it dry on between each Wafhing.

I am far from thinking myfelf properly qualified to treat on the Arts of Defigning
and Painting, yet it cannot be amifs for any Perfon to treat of an Art, fo far as it
hath fallen within the Compafs of his own Experience and Obfervation.

Some

( 2l8 )

Some Thoughts on the Pallage of BIRDS.

y Have faid fomething on this Subjed in a former Part of this Work ; but as there
I remains much Uncertainty in what we know as yet, I am willing to fpeak to
it again Irr the beft Manner I am able, in Hopes of giving fome ufeful Hints at
leaft, to future Inquirers.

My good Friend, the late Mr. Mark Catejby , I remember, fometime before his
Death, prefented a Paper to the Royal Society, relating to the Paftage of Birds, which
was read at one of their Meetings. This Paper I have not by me, but well remem-
ber the general Opinion advanced in it was, that he imagined fuch Birds as were
Inhabitants with us only Part of the Year, departed from hence to inhabit
Southern Countries, on the other Side of the EquinoBial Line , juft of the fame
Degree of Latitude with thofe they departed from, on the Northern Side : Such a
Conjecture, at firft Sight, feems to be probable enough, becaufe, in general, it is
fuppofed, that during our Winter Seafon, the Temperature of the Weather, in the
Southern Latitudes, is nearly the fame as it is with us in our Summer ; and then
of Confequence, a Bird of Paftage thatpaftes from ftxty Degrees of Northern, to iixty
Degrees of Southern Latitude, will meet not only with the fame Altitude of the Sun,
in both Latitudes, provided the Paftage is made'in September, or March, but with near-
ly the fame Degrees of Heat. But if weconfider, that there are many Birds of Paftage
found far to the Northward, in feventy Degrees of Latitude (where I believe all
the Fowls are Birds of Paftage, it not being a Climate fit for their Subfiftance in
Winter) they muft have a long Way to pafs, according to Mr. Catejby* s Notion ;
for feventy Degrees to the EquinoBial Line , and feventy Degrees again to the
South of it, are an hundred and forty Degrees, which, at our loweft Compu-
tation of a Degree of Latitude, make eight thoufand four hundred Miles, which is
a prodigious Voyage for a Bird to perform in a ftiort Time. Birds that are conftant
Inhabitants between the Tropicks, it is very likely, may make Tranfits acrofs the
EquinoBial , to accommodate themfelves with proper Food at different Seafons, or to
avoid the Inconveniency of the exceftive Rains in one Place, by feeking the more
dry and pleafant Seafons in another ; but to imagine that Birds who inhabit the high
Latitudes, either of the Northern or Southern Hemifpheres, fhould change their
Habitations from an extream Northern, to an extream Southern Latitude, or vice
verfa, is contrary to all Reafon, and to the Nature of Things ; for Birds inhabiting
frigid, or temperate Climates, would find themfelves almoft out of their proper
Element, while pafting through a Trad of more than forty-five Degrees of the
horrid Zone, before they could arrive at their natural and cooler Climates on the op-
pofite Side of the Torrid Zone \ nor is there any Reafon at all for Birds to pals
from the Northern to the Southern Hemifphere, in order to arrive at a Place of a-
Vol. IV. R proper

( 2T 9 )

proper and wifhed-for Temperature ; for when a Bird leaves its Northern
Situation at the Approach of Winter, and advances Southward, he arrives at
fome Place of an equal Degree of Heat with that of the Northern Summer from
whence he departed, without coming near the EquinoBial Line ; fo that I fee
no Reafon at ail to fuppofe they pafs from the North, acrofs the Line y to Southern
Habitations, but I think it mod; reafonable that they fhould dcp when they have
found a reding Place in a Climate of equal Temperature with that from which they
departed ; for to fuppofe they go a long Voyage acrofs the Line , into far diftant
Southern Countries, is only carrying them a long Journey to feek what they might
find near at Hand. We know that the Stork , who inhabits fome of the more
Northern Parts of Europe in the Summer, retires in the Winter no farther than
JEgypty about the Mouths of the Nile , which is on this Side of the Line : But
according to Mr. CateJbJ s Opinion, fhe mud retire into fome Southern Terra Incogs
nita % for we know of no Land, on the Old- World-Side of the Globe, of fo high a
Southern Latitude as Holland lies North, which is one of the Summer Habita-
tions of the Stork. There remains fomething yet more difficult to be cleared up in.
Relation to the Padage of fome Birds j I mean feveral of the fhort-wi'nged Water-
Fowl, that, during the Summer Months, inhabit the Northern JJlands of Europe ;
fuch as the Danijh JJlands, of Earro , and Iceland , and many others farther North,
even on the Coad of Greenland . Amongd thefe, the mod remarkable for its fhort
Wings, is my Northern Penguin y figur'd in Plate 147 of this Work, which is a -
Bird never fuppofed to be capable of any Flight at all, not even fo much as to
free itfelf from the Water. There are feveral others with fhort Wings, and of
fuch fhort Flight, that they cannot fly to the Places where they breed, on high
Rocks, without making feveral Stages, by dying from one Ridge to another, and
fo mounting at lad to their Neds and rooding Places. Amongd thefe are the
Razor-Bill , the Gillemot y and the Coulter neb y which fee defcribed by our Coun-
tryman Willughby, in his Ornithology , P. 123, 4, 5. All thefe Birds, with fome
others of the fame Genus, difappear in the Winter, and it is not conceivable that
they diould take long Flights in order to change their Situation, efpecially the.
Penguin , who certainly cannot fly at all.

It remains now to confider what fhould become of thefe Birds, during their Abfence'
from the Sight of the Inhabitants of thofe Iflands : There mud be fome providential
Means to preferve them unfeen, in that Part of the World where they ap-
pear only in the Summer Months ; for in the Spring they are faid to appear all at
once, in as great Numbers as if they had never been abfent. I think the mod
rational Conje&ure, for the Manner of their hiding themfelves, and being preferved
daring the long and cold Winters of thofe Climates, is, that there are Sub-marine
Caverns in the rocky Shores of thofe Iflands, the Mouths of which Caverns,
though they be under Water, may lead to Hollows, fo riling within Side as to
afford a convenient dry Harbour, fit to preferve thefe Birds in a kind of torpid
State during the Winter. The Sea lying before the Mouths of fuch Caverns,
and they having a vad Depth of Mountain over them, their inward Capacity
mud be defended from any rigid Cold, which may be a Means to preferve thefe
Fowls 5 and late in the Spring (about May) the Time of the Appearance of thefe
Birds, the outward Warmth of the Air, and the returning ftrong Sun Beams on

the Water, near the Mouth of the Cavern, may, by a fmall Degree of Heat and
Light, - re-animate, as it were, thefe Animals, and bring them from their State of
Forgetfulnefs, by Degrees, to the Ufe of Life and Motion, till at laft they are em-
boldened to launch forth for another Summer, feek their Prey in the Ocean, and
propagate their Species on the neighbouring Rocks.

I humbly beg Pardon for troubling the Reader with Conjectures fo new and
uncommon, but as I cannot folve the Difappearance of thefe Birds any other Way,
I hope the Hint may put fome Perfon of a more acute Penetration, upon fearching
out the true Place of their Winter Habitation, or at lead produce fome more probable
Conjecture. It is the Opinion of feveral very curious and learned Gentlemen,
that feveral of our Englijh fmall Birds which difappear in the Winter,* do not
pafs the Seas into foreign Countries, but that they hide themfelves in Holes
and Caverns, where they lie torpid all the Winter. The Reafon they give for it is,
that they become fo fat in the Autumn, at the Time of their difappearing, that
they can make but very fhort Flights : And this Fatnefs is fuppofed to fupply and
nourifb them during the Winter, But this Opinion, will not, I believe, hold good
in all fmall Birds, for I take it to be manifefl beyond Difpute, that the Swallow-
Kind leave this Ifland in the Autumn.

Additions

( 221 )

Additions to many of the Subjects defcribed in

this WORK.

I N C E the former Parts of this Work were publifhed, I have met with feve-
ral Paffages in different Authors that may ferve to illuflrate fome of the De-
feriptions of the Things contained in it. I fhall therefore give here all thofe
farther Lights, in order to make this Work as perfedl as I can, and for the better
finding what is added to any Defcription, I fhall Figure the Additions according
to the Numbers on the Plates, in a Numerical Order, fo that the Plates may
be readily turned to, or, when the Defcriptions are read over, the Reader may
eafily examine whether any Thing farther be faid amongfl thefe Additions. ’

Plate i . Mr. Ray, in his Edition of Willughby' s Ornithology , has given an enter-
taining Defcription of the Eagle's building her Nell in England * and as it is likely
they build and breed in much the fame Manner in America , I thought it would
not be improper to infert his Defcription here, which is as follows : cc The
“ Eagle , which doth not only come over hither to Prey, but alfo many Times
<c builds and breeds with us yearly (they fay) upon the high Rocks of Snowden
€C in Carnarvonjhire. In the Year of our Lord 1668, in the Wood-Lands, near the
<£ River Derwent , in the Peak of Derhyfhire , was found an Eagle's Neft, made of
t£ great Sticks, refting one End on the Ledge of a Rock, and the other on two
t£ Birch-Trees, upon which was a Layer of' Rufhes, and over them a Layer of
<£ Heath, and upon the Heath, Rufhes again, upon which lay one young one,
<£ and an addled Egg, and by them a Lamb, a Hare, and three Heath-Poults.
* c The Neft was about two Yards fquare, and had no Hollow in it. The young
<c Eagle was as Black as a Hobby, of the Shape of a Gofhawk, of almofl the
<£ Weight of a Goofe, rough-footed, or feathered down to the Feet, having a
<£ white Ring about the Tail.”

Plate 2. See an Addition to the Defcription of the King of the Vultures , in
P. xx. of the Preface to the firfl Part,

Plate 5. My Friend Captain Ifaac Worth hath affur’d me, that the Black
Parrot is a Native of Madagafcar : He being in that Ifland, Anno 1748, and having
the firfl Part of my Hiflory of Birds with him, he compared the colour’d Figure
with the Parrots he found in the Country, and difcovered an exadl Agreement.

Plate 6. Dr. Mead hath lately received a Parcel of Indian Birds, drawn in
Colours, from Bengal , and amongfl them a Parrot of the Size of my fmallefl Green
Parrot, which I take to be its Hen, it differing in nothing but the Want of the

red

( 222 )

red Colour on Its Head; the Shape, Size and Colouring of the other Parts being
the fame,

Plate 13. The <$uaum> which by the Defcriptlon is the fame with the t$uan y
or Guan y was found wild on the IJlhmus of America , by D ampler. See his Voyages ,
Vol I. P. 19.

Plate 20. Since the Publication of this Plate, I have feen another Rofe-
colour’d Ouzel , which appeared to be of the very fame Species with that I have figur’d
in my twentieth Tlate . It was fhot in June 1747, as it was feeding amongfi: Black-
birds, [ Merula] by Roger North , of Rougham in Norfolk , Efq; and at fir ft was ta-
ken for a Blackbird accidentally variegated, but on farther Examination it was found
to be the Rof e-colour' d Ouzel. From this, and the Account I have given in P. 20.
of its being fhot at Norwood , near London , we may conclude that thefe Birds are
often brought into this Ifland by Winds or other Caufes. Mr. North was fo good
as to fend this Bird from his Seat in Norfolk to me in London , that I might make a
Drawing of it, for which Favour I efteem myfelf greatly obliged. Mr. North's Bird
had all the Covert-Feathers on the outer Sides of the Wings Black.

P l a T e 21. I have difcovered by Drawings brought both from the Eaft and
Wefl- Indies y that there are many Birds of the Genus of the Blue-Creeper , which agree
with mine exactly in Shape, and nearly in Size, but vary very much in Colour :
They have Bills fomething longer than the little Bird we call the Creeper , (or Certhia)
in England .

Plate 26. This Bird feems more properly to belong to the Certhia , or
Creeper-Kind , than the Blue-Creeper figur’d in Tlate 21, and is not greatly unlike
the Creeper found in England.

Plate 32, to 38. Extract from D ampler' s Voyage to the Bay of Cam-
peachy, P. 65, 66. te The Humming Bird is a pretty little Creature, no bigger
than a great overgrown Walp, with a black Bill, no bigger than a fmall Needle, and
his Legs and Feet in Proportion to his Body. This Creature does not wave his
Wings like other Birds, when it flies, but keeps them in a continued quick Motion,
like Bees or other Infedls, and like them makes a continual humming Noife as it
flies. It is very quick in Motion, and haunts about Flowers and Fruit
like a Bee gathering Honey, making many near Addrefles to its delightful
Objects, by vifiting them on all Sides, and yet flill keeping in Motion, fometimes
on one Side, fometimes on the other ; as often rebounding a Foot or two back on a
fudden, and as quickly returning again, keeping thus about one Flower five or fix
Minutes, or more/’ See my Figures in Plates 32, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 105.

Plate 51. In a Manufcript Journal made by Mr. John Bartramy of Renfii-
vania , in the Year 1743, I find an Account of what are called Licking Pond; y
which may properly be taken Notice of at the fame Time with this Deer * iince it

Vol. IV. S is

( 22 3 )

is doubtful whether Greenland be not joined to the Continent of America , and it
probable that the Deer may vifit more Southern Parts at fome Seafons of the Year.
He fays, thefe Licking Ponds are all over the back Parts of our Country, ( Penfhania )
Some of them are of a black fulphurous Mad, fome of a pale Clay ; the Deer and
Elks are very fond of thefe Places, where they refort to lick the Clay or Mud, fo
that thefe Ponds are enlarged to a Quarter, and fometimes to half an Acre of Ground.
The Soil he fuppofes contains fome laline Particles that the Deer love.

Plate 52. I underdand that the Porcupine of Hudfon's-Bay is alfo found in
Nova Scotia , fo that it is likely fome of them may be brought alive to us, as we are
like to have a firm Settlement in that Part of America .

Plate 64. Brafilian Pie, or the Bill-Bird, fo called by the Englifb from
their mondrous Bills, which are as big as their Bodies. I faw none of thefe Birds
here, (in Brafil) but faw feveral of the Breads flea’d off and dried for the Beauty
of them : The Feathers were curioufly coloured with Red, Yellow, and Orange-
Colour. See Dampier' s Voyage to New-Holland, P. 74. The fame Author in his
Voyage to the Bay of Gampeachy, P. 69. fays, there are two or three Sorts of Bi/L
Birds, fo called by the Englifo, becaufe their Bills are almod as big as themfelves.
The larged I ever faw are about the Size of Englijh Wood-peckers , (I fuppoie he means
the Greater Green Sort) and much like them : There are others of a fmaller Sort, but
they are not often met with. I never faw many of them.

Plate 70. I have been informed by his Grace th e Duke of Leeds, that the
European Red-legged Partridge, had been bred and increafed by his Grace’s Grand-
father, at his Seat at Wimbleton in Surry , but were all dedroyed by fome difobliging
Neighbour. This is fufEcient to prove that they may be propagated in this Climate,
and may ferve to encourage Gentlemen (who have ample Conveniencies) to endeavour
the propagating them in England .

Plate So. Since this Plate was published, I have feen a Bird brought
from Jamaica, which feemed to be the Hen of the fmall American Redftart , it agree-
ing exa&ly with it, except that it was White, or rather of a Cream-Colour, in thofe
Parts which are Orange-col our’d in the Bird figur’d in the Plate ; tho’ Mr. Catejby,
in his Hijlory of Carolina, fays the Hens are Brown.

Plate 86. In my Defcription of this Bird, I have faid, that it is called the
Widow , by the Pcrtuguefe, but I am fince better inform’d, that it is called the Whidah
Bird, becaufe it is brought frequently to Lijbon, from the Kingdom of Whidah , on
the Coad of Africa .

Plate 88 . Dampier, in doubling the Cape of Good Hope , has obferved
the Albatrofs, as I fuppofe. He fays, they have feveral Signs to know when
they are near the Cape ; one is by the Sea-Fowl they meet at Sea, efpecially the Al-
gatrojjes, which are very large, long- winged Birds. See his Voyage round the World,
VoL I. P. S3 1.

Plate

«

( 22 4 }

Plate 90. Dampier , in paffing between 2 ?r< 7/27 and the CW/tf of Good Hope>
fays, t5 We palled by a dead Whale, and faw (as I may fay) Millions of Sea-Fowls
<£ about the Carcafs, (and as far round about it as we could fee) fome feeding, and
<£ the reft flying about, or fitting on the Water, waiting to take their Turns. We
“ fir ft difcovered the Whale by the Fowls, for indeed I never faw fo many
“ Fowls at once in my Life before, their Numbers being inconceivably great :
<£ They were of divers Sorts, in Bignefs, Shape and Colour. Some were almoft as
<£ big as Geefe, of a grey Colour, with white Breads, and with fuch Bills, Wings
t£ and Tails. Some were Pintado-Birds, (our White and Black- fpotted Peteril) as
<£ big as Ducks, and fpeckled Black and White. • Some were Shear-waters, fome
t£ Peterils . We faw of thefe Birds, elpecially the Pintado-Birds , all the Sea over,
t£ from about two hundred Leagues diftant from the Coaft of Brafil \ to within much
<£ the fame Diftance of New Holland. The Pintado is a Southern Bird, keeping
C£ within the Southern Temperate Zone , for I never faw any of them much to the
t£ Northward of thirty Degrees South: The Pintado is as big as a Duck, but appears
<c as it flies, about the Size of a tame Pigeon.” Dampier proceeds to deferibe
the Pintado and the little Peteril , which feem to me to be the fame Birds J have
deferibed in P. go. I think he hath alfo deferibedthe Great black Peteril, figured
by me in Plate 89. See Dampier' § Voyage to New Holland, P. 96, 97. He fays, all
thefe Sorts of Birds fly many of them together, nothigh, but almoft fweeping the
Water.

Plate 93. Pelicans are large flat-footed Water-Fowls, almoft as big as
Geefe, and their Feathers in Colour like them: They have fhort Legs, long Necks,
and their Bills are about two Inches broad, and feventeen or eighteen Inches Jong:
The Fore-Part of their Neck or Breaft is bare of Feathers, but covered with a foft,
fmooth, yet loofe Skin, like that about the Necks of Turkies. This Skin is of the
Colour of their Feathers, mixed with a dark and light Grey,, fo exactly interwoven
that it appears very beautiful. They are very heavy Birds, and feldom fly far, or
very high from the Water : They commonly fit on Rocks at fome Diftance from
the Shore, where they may look about them: They feem to be very melancholy
Fowls, by their perching all alone : They fit as if they were fleeping, holding their
Heads upright, and refting the Ends of their Bills on their Breads : They are better
Meat than Boobies , or Men of War Birds . See Dampier' s Voyage to the Bay of Cam-
peachy, P. 70. The fame Author alfo faw Pelicans in New Holland. See his Voyage
to New Holland, P. 123.

Plate 103. Th zQuick-hatch y or Wolverene, being near of Kin to the Bear „

I have here inferted an Obfervation of Mr. John Bartram , which difeovers one of
the Methods the Bears in North America take to provide themfelves with Sufte-
nance ; and it is likely the ^nick-hatch may have the fame Sagacity. He fays, in 1
paffing through a difmal Wildernefs, we obferved an old Log which the Bears had
lately turned to get at the Snails, Beetles and Grubs that were on the under Side of
it. I fhall here alfo mention an Obfervation Mr. Bartram made, of the Treat-
ment Dogs meet with amongft the fix Nations to the Weft of Penflvania .. Fie fays,,

( 225 )

the Englijh , when amongft them at a folemn Feaft, threw the Bones to the Dogs,
which the Indians refented, and prevented the Dogs from touching them, by taking
the Bones, and covering them in the hot Afhes : Which made Mr. Bartram think
the Feaft was a Sort of Sacrifice to the Great Spirit they profefs to ferve. My
Friend Mr. Eighty has alfo told me, that the Native Americans of Hudfon's-Bay ,
carefully bury, or deftroy all the Bones and Fragments of their Meat, left the Dogs
fhould get at them. Mr. Light thinks their Reafon is, to keep the Dogs fharp fet,
that they may hunt the better. I remember to have read, fome Voyagers to North
America , that mention the fame Things relating to the Indian Dogs ; and, upon the
Whole, I believe it is from fome Superftition, conveyed to them by Tradition,
that they avoid feeding their Dogs. The North American Dog has more the Air of
a Wolf or Fox, than of any of the Dog-Kind with us. I hope this Digrefiion will
be excufed.

Plate 106. On laying this Bird before the Royal Society , as a Subject unknown,
my Friend, Dr . fames Ear jons^ took particular Notice of two large Groups of Fea-
thers, that fall on the Sides of the lower Part of the Back or Rump, and fill up
the Spaces or Gaps between the Back and Wings, when the Wings are clofed 5 and
having obferved the like Feathers in Eagles to be raifed up at the Pleafure of the
Bird, he examined thefe in the Bearded Vulture , and found them to be no Part of
the Wing, but that they had their Bottoms fixed only in the Skin on the Sides of •
the Back ; and thinking it ftrange, that the Skin, fimply, fhould have the Power to
raife, and keep fupported, a large Group of long Feathers, he afked me if he might
open that Part of the Skin at the Roots of thefe Feathers, which I was very
willing fhould be done for the Satisfaction of the Doctor’s Curiofity, as well as my
own. On opening the Skin, the Dr. foon difcovered the Mufcle defcribed in his
following curious Letter, wrote at my Requeft, which he has given me free Liberty
t6 publilh for the Information of the Curious.

SIR , Red-Lyon-Square , Sept . 21, 1750.

ct T T is but doing you the Juftice due to your great Care and Induftry, in obliging
<c A the World with your excellent Natural Hi /lory of Birds y to communicate any
«' Thing in my Power, which might fulfil your laudable Intention of putting what
* c you do in a clear Light, for the better Underftanding of the Branch you are en-
* £ gaged in.

« I have made Honourable Mention of you, in my LeCture upon the Mufcles, which
cc I difcovered in the Sea-Eagle and other Birds, read on Ehurfday the 3 ift of May laft,

<■< before the Royal Society , on Account of the happy Opportunity you were fo kind to
<c give me of difieCting the African Bearded Vulture , which you fhew’d to them at
“ one of their Meetings, in order to fearch for the fame Mufcles, which I found in
<c your C o mpany.

Whatever relates to their Actions, not only in the Eagle and Vulture-Kinds , but
“ alfo in every other Bird whatfoever, will be found in the above-mentioned LeCture,

« in

( 226 )

« in the Tranfa&ions of that Time : But as this Pair of Mufcles, and indeed fome
“ others mentioned in my LeCture, were never obferved before, it may not be impro-
<e per to add a little Account of them to your Hijlory of the Vulture , if you think pro-
cc per; for they are about the fame Size, and in the fame Situation with thofe of the
ce Haliatos , which gave Occafion to the LeCture ; and both Birds are nearly related to
« each other, being of the fame Genus.

« This Mufcle on each Side is about two Inches long, ariling flefhy by three
« Digiti from the fecond, third, and fourth Ribs, and ending alfo flefhy in the Skin
<« a confiderable Way behind the Wings. It is a Bundle of flefhy Fibres about as
cc thick as a fmall Finger, and equal in Bignefs all along ; it has a very ftrong
« Action, being intirely flefhy, and muft of Confequence contract in every Part;
cc and as the Place of its Infertion in the Skin, is alfo the Place of the Infer-
<< tion of a large Group of Feathers,, having no Sort of Connection with the
t£ great Wing, which is mov’d by its own proper Mufcles analogous to thofe of
<c the Humerus in other Animals, it muft have been deflgned for a very particular
££ Ufe both in Land and Water-Fowls, for which we muft refer to the faid LeCture,
<c where they are fully accounted for. In the mean Time you will pleafe to add
£f the Name I have invented for this Mufcle, which will in fome Meafure be ex-
££ preflive of its Ufe. It is the

Mufculus novus remgaforius 5
The new fleering, or rowing Mufcle.

<t Now in Water-Fowls, as well as in thofe of Land, this may be called the Remi~

' <c gatorius anterior , as moving .a Group of Feathers in the Fore-part of Birds ; but there
et Is another Pair which I difcovered, and call the Mufculi remigatorii pofteriores , as
c< moving a Group of Feathers behind, and thefe are defcribed in the fame LeCture.

£C I am, with flncere Willies for your Health, and Succefs in your Under--
ct takings,

€C Your Friend, and humble Servant,

< c JAMES PARSONS.”

Plate 125. Since the Publication of the blue Gros-Beak , T have fecn,
at the tioufe of George Shehocke , Efq; a Bird refembling what I have defcribed,
IP. 125, of this Work, except that it appeared to me a good deal lefs,. it feeming not
bigger than our Chaffinch . As to Shape and Colour, it w T as near the fame with,
mine in Tlate 125, except that it was of a darker Colour in the Parts that are Blue.
It was brought to Mr. Shehocke, with other Birds, from teflon, and was faid to be
brought thither from Angola in Africa .

T

V o L. IV.

Plate

( 22 7 )

Plate 13 i. I law at the Houfe of George Shelvocke , Efq; the Hen of this
Bird, which was brought from Angola , but laft from Lijbon . The Cock of this
Species came from Lijbon in the fame Cage with the Hen, but died in the PafTage :
The Hen, which arrived alive, was all over of an Afh-colour’d Brown, with only
a fmall Mixture of Blue on the under Side. This Note I thought proper to infert,
becaufe I think it proves our Blue-belly' d Finch to be the Cock Bird ; its whole under
Side, Tail and Rump, being Blue.

Plate 149. D ampler, in his Voyage round the World , C P. 53, for want
of a clofe Infpedtion, fays of the Tropick-Bird , £t that it hath one long Feather, or ra-
ther a Quill about feven Inches long, growing out of the Rump, which is all the
Tail it hath Whereas it hath twelve Feathers in the Tail, the two Middle-ones be-
ing much longer than he hath defcribed them to be, and formed with Shafts, and
Webs on both Sides of the Shafts, like other Feathers. — -Since the Defcription of the
< Tropick-Bird was published, another Bird of the fame Species is come to my
Hands, which differs in many Refpetts from the firft.

Its Bill, in the dried Bird, was as red as Coral, its Edges rough, but not vifibly
toothed ; the under Side of the Bird, and Infides of the Wings were White ; the up-
per Side was-alfo White, but variegated with Black as follows; the Crown of the
Head, upper Side of the Neck, Back, Rump, and feme of the leffer Coverts of the
Wings, were variegated tranfverfly with black Lines, fome of the fingle Feathers
having each of them fix or feven Lines acrofs them ; about fix of the Prime-Quills
on each Wing were black on their outer Webs and Part of their inner Webs that join
to the Shafts, which were alfo Black; the Remainder of the inner Webs for the whole
Length of the Feathers are White ; a few of the fmalier Quills next the Body are
Black, with white Borders, which are in fome broader, and in others narrower.
Where the Quills have any Black in them, the firft Row of Coverts above them are
Black in the fame Proportion ; the Legs and Feet are the fame as in the firft defcribed.
The Tail hath In it twelve white Feathers with black Shafts, the Middle-Feather a
little over five Inches long; the Feathers decreafe gradually to the Sides ; the Out-
fide Feather on each Side being two Inches ftiorter than the Middle-ones. The Tail
to me feemed to be perfeft, which makes me believe this to be a Hen Bird, and that
the Cocks only of this Species have the Middle-Feathers of their Tails a great deal
longer than the other Feathers. This laft hatha black Spot about the Eye, like the
firft defcribed; the Middle -Feathers of the Tail are broad, whereas the long
Feathers in the Middle of the Tails of fome others are very narrow.

Plate 182. I have feen, in a Set of Drawings from Nature, (done at
Bengal in India, for Dr .Mead, the King’s Phylician) a Wood-pecker , which agrees
with what is here .figured in Shape and Size, having a red Creft in the fame Form,
and agreeing with it in other Marks, though it is of a dirty Brown on the Back and
Wings, where mine is Yellow and Green. The under Side, which in mine, is
White, fpotted wfith Black, in that is light Afti-Colour, fpotted with a dufky Co-
lour, but in a lefs regular Manner. On .comparing my Drawing with Dr. Mead's,

thev

( 2 28 )

they feem to me to be Cock and Hen of the fame Species. I find a Writing under
this lafl, as well as under another in Dr. Mead’s Collection of Birds from Bengal,
which are both of the Wood-pecker Kind. Under what I have above defcribed is wrote
Cautcompa , and under the other, a lels Bird, is wrote Cautccmpab ; which I fnppofe
to be the Country Name for a Wood-pecker , the Addition of the h to the latter may
denote a fmaller Species of the fame Genus of Birds.

Plate 188. On fhewing a Proof-Print of this Plate to the late Duke

o #

cf Richmond , he difcovered a Miflake in the Figure of the Cedar of Libanus , whofe
Cones on the Tree Band quite contrary to what I have figured them ; they always
flan din g eredf, contrary to the Cones in many other Sorts of Pines. The Miflake
proceeded from Drawing my Defign from a fingle Branch, brought from the Phyfick
Garden a tCbelfea, without obfervinghow they grew upon the Tree.

I received the following Information, relating to this Bird, from his Grace the late
Duke of Richmond, in a Letter from Goodwood in Sujjex, ad of January, 1746-7.

Mr. Edwards ,

€c T Shall fend you up in a Day or two a fmall Bird, fomething fmaller than a
<e Jk Blackbird, and larger than a Bull-finch, which I defire you would draw,
cc and then prepare him with his Feathers on, that I may put him into my Col-
“ leCtion $ for it feems to be an extraordinary Bird, at leafl in this Country ;
<c though a Gentleman that is here, tells me, it is a Bird of Paffage, though he does
tc not know its Name ; but he has feen a great many of them in Winter, about fome
<c Pine-Trees at Hackney, where he was at School ; and he has been told, that it
“ feeds upon the Seeds of the Cones of Pines or Firs. If you know the Bird, I beg
* c you will acquaint me with it.

Yours'}

<c RICHMOND, &c”

I thought proper to give this Account in the Duke’s own Words, in order
to illuflrate the Natural Hiflory of this Bird ; and as the Letter contains no-
thing but what may ferve to that End, I hope I have not broke through the
Rules either of Modefly or Decency, in publifhing the above curious Account,
which informs us, that the Haw-Finch is a Bird of Paffage, and that the Win-
ter is the Seafon when it appears with us 5 and I believe they appear but in
fmall Numbers, for it is feldom taken alive in England. I imagine this Bird re-
tires to the Northward in the Summer, (as all Birds that are found in our
Country only in the Winter Seafon are fuppofed to do) becaufe I find him
to be a Native of Sweden, Einneus having defcribed him in his Hijlory of
Swedijh Animals, E. 67, but does not fay whether he be or be not a Bird of
Paffige in Sweden. I believe he is found in moft Parts of Europe, at certain
Seafons.

Plate

( 229 )

Plate jgj . The Bird figur'd in this Plate* I have feen at Mr. Sbel-
vocke’s Houfe, at* Greenwich. I obferved it to differ a little from that I drew
my Figure from* viz. in having the fine Purple Colour* which encompafTes the
Eyes on the Sides of the Head, to join on the Forehead, and encompafs the
Bafe of the upper Mandible of the Bill ; the Bill itfelf alfo feemed a little
fhorter in this fecond Bird, than in that I have figur’d. Mr. Shelvocke was
pleafed to inform me, that the Portuguefe call it the Captain of Orronoco , and
that it was brought from Brafil> by the Way of Lijbon .

Plate 193, 4. Dampier , in his Voyage to the Bay of Campeachy t P. 96,
fays, tc Whiftling-Ducks are fomewbat Jefs than our common Ducks, but not differ-
ing from them in Shape or Colour ; in flying, their Wings make a pretty Sort
of loud Whiffling Noife : They perch on Trees.” What Dampier has feen
feems to be of the Species figur’d, Plate 193, for they indeed come pretty near
our common Duck in Colour, I think what I have defcribed, P. 1 94, differs
much from ours,

Plate 20 r. The Reverend Mr. Hughes , in his Natural Hijlory of Bar~
hadoes , P. 68, defcribes a Bat different from any I have met with : He calls
it the Cave-Bat. He fays, the Hebrew Name is Atalleephy i. e. a Bird of
Darknefs. “ This Bat (fays he) hath its Name from the Place of its Residence.
It is often as big as a young Pigeon ; its Body is cover’d with a Snuff-colour’d
foft Hair ; its Ears are more upright, and larger in Proportion than thofe of a
Rat 5 and its whole Head, efpecially its Mouth and Nofe, fhorter and thicker.
From the Extremity of one Wing, to that of the other extended, meafures
eighteen Inches : Its Feet are guarded with fix fharp Talons, each turning
inwards like Fifh-Hooks.” I believe his giving it fix Claws on a Foot to be
an Overfight, for I have not obferved more than five in thofe Bats I have ex-
amined. Mr. Hughes fays, they have alfo in £arbadoes 3 the fame fmall Bat we have in
England.

Whether the Cave-Bat hath a Tail, as the two Englifs Bats defcribed by me,
P. 20i, have, or not, Mr. Hughes does not inform us. There is, in the Re-
pofitory of Sir Hans Sloane , a Bat from Mgypt y of a Size between this Cave-
Baty and my Great Bat from Madagafcar ; which Egyptian - Bat is Tail-
lefs, and much refembles that of Madagafcar , defcribed in P. 180. of this
Work, but much lefs. As a Duck is a Web-footed Bird, a Bat is 'juft in
the fame Senfe a Web- footed Bead: or Quadrupede, though they differ in
many Refpefls : A Duck or other Water-Fowl hath the Toes webbed together
with a ffrong, tough, though pliable Web, of a fmall Dimenfion, yet large
enough to work in fo denle a Medium as Water: The Bat hath the Legs
forwards webbed principally, though thefe Webs are always joined to the hin-
der Legs; the Webs are exceeding thin, foft and pliable, and vaffly extended
in Breadth, if compared with the Webs on the Feet of Fowls ; the Reafon of

which

( 230 )

which is manifeft, for the Air being a Medium vaftly more rare than that
of Water, it requires a Membrane broader, thinner, and more light and de-
licate to work and fupport itfelf therein. It is convenient for Water-Birds to
have their Oars in the Hinder-parts of their Bodies, becaufe the Water is under
them, and they row themfelves forwards on its Surface 3 but it is different in
Bats, for they have their Webs principally on their forward Limbs, in order
to row themfelves forwards in the Air. A Gentleman, an Eye-witnefs, has
told me, that the great Eajl-lndian Bats work their Wings flowly, in the
Manner Herons do with us, and not by a fwift fluttering Motion, as our little Bats
do. On weighing what I have read in natural Hiftorians and Voyagers on this
Subjed, I have Reafon to believe there is a great Number of diftind Species
of Bats, from the Size of a very fmall Bird, gradually increafing to (almoft) the
Bignefs of an Eagle.

Plate 207. The Reverend Mr. Hughes , in his Natural Hijlory of the
IJland of Barbadoes y 88, fays, “ We have but one Species of the Snake-

cc Kind in this Ifland, of which I have not feen above feven in feven Years.
“ The larged: that I faw was not above three Feet long. They are not at all
cc hurtful, except to young Pigeons and Poultry, or fmall Birds, Mice, &cF If there
be but one of the Serpent or Snake-Kind in Barbadoes % as Mr. Hughes fays, then
his Account of it may ferve to illufhate my Defcription, for as my Snake came from
that Ifland, it mufl be the fame he fpeaks of.

Some brief I nft ructions for Etching or Engraving
on Copper-Plates^ with Aqua Fortis. -

I N the Courfe of my performing the Engraving or Etching of the Copper-
Plates contained in this Work, I received not only the Inftrudions of my Friends,
but bellowed fome Pains to examine fuch Authors as had wrote on the Subjed of
Etching with Aqua For its.

I could find little or nothing on that Subject, originally wrote by any Author of
our own Country, and what was tran dated from thofe of other Countries, was from
Authors of antient Date, wrote, I believe, before Artifts in that Way had arrived at
the Perfedion of Knowledge they have now attained 3 and many of thefe Authors
ieem not to have pradifed it themfelves 5 for I have been led by them through many
Labyrinths (from which I found it difficult to extricate myfelf) before I attained the
ready Pradice of Etching, which I am here willing to communicate, in as ffiort and
plain Terms as I can, for the Benefit of many curious young Gentlemen who are my
Friends and Acquaintance.

Firft of all, it will be proper to fay fomething of Copper-T lates . — Authors on the
Subjed of Etching, tell us how to fmooth* fcower, and polifh them for Ufe 3 which

U' is.

( 231 )

is, I believe, a Thing hardly any Gentleman will trouble himfelf about, feeing that
feveral People, in and about London, make it their Bufinefs to fquare and fmooth
Plates of all Sizes, for Perfons who want them : And for the prefent Information of
thofe who may want Plates , I fhall put down the Name of a Perfon who has ferved
me with mod of my Plates; his Name, &c. is Francis Forondy Copper-Plate
Maker for Engraving, &c. at the Acorn in Wejl-Streety near Little St. Martin's -
Laney by the Seven Dials . Examine your Plates when you buy them, to fee if
they are perfectly free from Scratches, Dents or Holes ; and if they are bad, fee
that the Maker mend them before you take them of him. When you are provided
with a Plate , the next Thing to be confidered is, a Ground to cover it withal.

General Inflrucliom in Relation to Grounds or Varnilhes,
proper to lay on the Plates before they are Etched.

T H E Ingredients generally made Ufe of for the Ground or Varnijhy are, fird,
Afphaltum y called alfo Pitch of Judea , or Jew's Pitch : It is a pretty hard,
black, pitchy, or refinous Subdance, commonly brought to us in large Gourd Shells,
containing, more or lefs, about forty Pounds, and to be had of the mod eminent
Druggids in London . The fecond is Bees-WaXy either White or Yellow. The
third is Common Rofin . The fourth is Mafticky a Sort of fine hard Rofin in fmall
Grains. I have fometimes added a little Common Pitch tofoften it.

Though it will be proper to vary your Ground a little, according to the different
Times of the Year you work in, for that which does very well in frody Weather,
may be fo foft as to dick to your Fingers in Summer ; therefore what is ufed in Win-
ter mud have a greater Proportion of the fofter Materials, (fuch as the Wax and
Common Pitch) and that which is for Summer Ufe may have more of the harder
Materials of the Receipt, which I diall here give at a Medium, as near as I can
between the two Extreams.

A RECEIPT for a Ground or VarniiK

Afphaltum
Bees-Wax
Rofin —
Madick —
Common Pitch

1 l Ounce

2 Ounces
i Ounce
i Ounce
i Ounce

Put all thefe into a new Pipkin well glazed, and place it on a moderate Fire, and as
the Ingredients melt, dir and incorporate them very well together with a little Stick :
Be careful that it doth not take Fire, or boil over. When all is well melted and
mixed, let it dand a little While in the Pipkin, till the Bubbles have done rifing,
and fome of the groffer Parts are a little fettled to the Bottom ; then pour it off into
a Bafon of Water, leaving the Dregs in the Pipkin. When it is a little cooled in the

Water,

( 232 )

Water, take it out, and roll it into a long Form, of the Thicknefs of your Thumb;
and while it is yet warm, cut it into Pieces of two Inches long, more or lets.

You may make double the Quantity of the Receipt, but cannot well make lefs.
I have found that my Ground , by long keeping, has grown too hard and dry, which
I have rectified by melting it down again, and adding a little Common Pitch .

To lay the Ground on your P LATE .

T AKE your Copper-Plate , and clear the Surface of it well from all Tarnifh or
Dirtinefs ; then having foine Charcoal lighted, in an Earthen-pan,, or Chafing-
difh, fix a fmall Hand-Vice to the Edge of your Plate, and you may then hold the
Backfide of it downwards to the Charcoal Fire, that the polifhed Side may lie up-
wards to receive the Ground or Varnifh. When your Plate is of a due Pleat, have
a Piece 'of your Ground tied up in fome very thin Silk, or Sarfenet, to keep the
dreggy Parts from getting through ; then pafs it over your Plate, in all Parts, that
the Plate may be wholly cover’d j then take a little Wad of Cotton, tied up in a.
thin Piece of Silk, and pafs it all over your Plate, to fpread your Varnifh even. When
it is fo fpread, let the Plate gradually cook and while it is cooling dab it all over with
your Cotton Puff, and it will lay your Ground Rill fmoother, and with a finer
Grain, or rather fhew no Grain at all. When you have fo fpread your Varnifh on the
Plate, have ready a very large Candle, and hold the varnifhed Side of the Plate over
the Candle, moving it backwards and forwards, till it be of a good Black in every
Part, but be careful the Snuff do not touch the Plate $ after which lay it to cool,, and
it is fit to work upon.

Care muft be taken in heating your Plate, for if your Fire be too fierce, your
Plate will turn of a bluifh Colour : If you perceive any fuch Change on your Plate,,
it muft be clean fed bright,, and heated again, for fuch burnt Places will not hold the
Ground when the Aqua Fortis is laid on. When the Plate, is varnifhed, and cold,,
you may try how your Ground bears the Needle, by hatching (in a wafte Corner),
fome clofe Strokes two contrary Ways over each other 5 and if it is of a moderate
Temperature, fo as neither to flick to the Fingers by its Softnefs, or fly from the
Copper by its Brittlenefs, you may venture to beflow fome Labour on it, and proceed
in your Work.— The next Thing in Order is* to trace your Defign on the Plate..

To trace the Out-Lines from a Print or Drawing on

your Varnifhed Plate.

A Print that is not of any Value, may be rubbed on the wrong Side with red;

Chalk, red Oaker, Spanijh Brown, Indian Red, or any other fine foft Colour
that will rub dry into the Grain of the Paper. When you have fo done, lay it on to
your Plate, and be careful that it doth not flip in the Working; then trace over all
the Out-lines of your Print with a Stick of Ivory, having a pretty . fmall fmooth
Point ; for an actual fiharp Point will injure the Print, and perhaps raife the Varnifh,

behind

( I 2 33 )

behind it. When your principal Out-lines ar£~drawn, you may touch over fome
of the lefs principal Lines in order to have as much of the Print on the Plate as you
can. When all is drawn, take off the Print, and you will find the Colour flicking
to your Ground , wherever you have drawn over it with your Stick. If you have a
curious Drawing, or Print of value to copy, you may rub your Colour into another
Paper, which may be laid on the Plate firfl, with the colour’d Side downwards, and
your Drawing may be laid on that, and it will do pretty well j but you will have a
tetter Out-Line through a fingle Paper, than through a double one. — When your
Defign is traced on the Plate, you muft be furnifhed with Tools to etch withal.

Needles for Etching.

HP A K E half a Dozen Needles, of different Sizes, which may be fluck into fmall
JL Cedar-Sticks for Handles ; the Points may be drove into the Sticks, after
which you may break off their Heads, and grind new Points on a Hone or Oil-ftone :
Thefe maybe of various Degrees of Sharpnefs, in order to make Strokes of different
Breadths. When you are fo furnifhed, you may begin to work on your Copper.

Of Etching on your VarniAied Plate*

I T will be neceffary, before you begin, to have a Piece of very clean, foft, old
Linen Rag, with all the Seams and Selvages torn off : This may lie double under
the Hand you work with, to keep the Heat, Sweat, or Roughnefs of your Hand, or
Nails, from foftening, fcratching, or otherwife injuring the Ground . Then take
one of your Middie-fized Needles, and trace over the Out-Lines that you have made
on the Copper, minding to touch ftrong enough to cut through your Varnifh. When
all your Lines are traced, you may wipe the Plate with a foft, wet Spunge, to take
off the colour’d Out-Line ; fo fhall you fee what you have traced with your Needle
more diftindtly : Then fet the Print or Drawing before you, on a hoping Board or
Defk, and carefully copy it in its lejjer Lines , by your Eye, obferving to touch
with a fine pointed Needle, and a very light Hand, the light Parts of the Print or
Drawing you copy j and, with blunter pointed Needles, give more Strength to
your Strokes, as* the Darknefs of the Shadows increafes ; and by a little Practice,
Obfervation and Care, a Piece may be finifhed this Way, without the help of en-
graving after the common Method.

I have found by Experience, that fome Labour may be faved in Etching , by a
Sort of Artifice, which has an Effedt beyond any Thing that can be performed
with the Needle ; that is, in Cafe you have a dark Objedt, on which you would
reprefent many fmall white, or light Spots, firfl etch fuch Objedt with clofe crofs
Hatches, fo thick that it would print almoll Black ; then take a fine Hair Pencil,
dipped in common Turpentine Varnifh and a little Lamp Black, and touch with
the Pencil what fhaped or fized Spots you would exprefs on the abovefaid dark flrong
Hatching, and it will dry on, and prevent the Aqua Forth from taking Effedt, or
eating in thofe Places ; and fo they will print White. For Example fake, I will
point out to you feveral Birds in this Work, wherein I have ufed this Method, viz .

The

( 2.34 )

The Top of the Head of the little Hawk Owl , Tl. 62 : The very fmall Spots on the
Back, Wings, Rump and Tail of the Peacock Theafant , TL 67, and the Middle-
Feathers of the Tail of the Painted Pheajant , TL 68. Thefe, amongft many
others, are fufHcient to prove the Practicability of this Method. The fame Sort
of Varnifh, with a little Lamp-black, is a good Stopper, in Places where the Varnifh
is accidentally rubbed off, or where any fmall Error or Miftake is committed, and when
dry may be worked over again to rectify a Miftake. The Piece fhould be thoroughly
examined, and all OmifHons rectified, before the Aqua Fortis is applied to the Plate.

A foft Wax for Bordering the Plate to keep on the Aqua Fortis.

T AKE white Rofin and Bees- Wax in equal Parts, incorporate them together
over a Fire in a Pipkin, and make the Mixture into a Roll for Ufe. If it be
found too hard to be worked and kneaded with your Hands in Winter, it may be
brought to a greater or lefs Degree of Softnefs, by melting it again, with a lefs or
greater Proportion of Olive Oil.

When your Plate and the Wax are ready, take a Piece of the Wax, wet your
Hands, and roll the Wax out in Length like a Cord, fufHcient to go round the
Borders of your Plate; then lay your Plate in an horizontal Pofition, where it may
lie firm ; then fix your Wax on its Edges very clofe, that the Aqua Fortis may not
pafs between the Wax and Plate, then pinch it up to an Edge, and fo make it into a
Kind of Wall of half an Inch high ; after which pour on your Aqua Forth , a proper
Sort of which is to he had at moft of the Chemifts Shops in London , and is generally
too flrong to be ufed without a Mixture of Water. You will know when it is too
firong, by its almoft boiling on the Plate where it touches the Copper ; therefore
you are to lower it with Water, till you fee the Bubbles rife very moderately; for
too great a Strength of Aqua Fortis will break up your Ground, and fpoil your
Plate.

When the Aqua Fortis has been on the Plate a little while, (about half an Hour)
if you perceive by the equal Bubbling? that it has bit kindly, it may be taken
off, and the Plate clean wafhed with fair Water, and well dried ; then you may
try the Depth of your Strokes by rubbing off a little Spot of the Ground, and, if
you find it too faint, put the Aqua Fortis on again; but if you think it has bit
enough for the firft Time, you may flop (with the before-mentioned Varnifh) all
thofe Parts that you would preferve light and tender : Let your Varnifh dry a
little, then put on your Aqua Fortis a fecond Time, and let it lie about halt an Hour.
It may be taken off, and put on again, if the Cafe requires ; and you may Hop other
Parts that you would not have very dark, but remember to wafh and dry your Plate
every Time v a flop with the Varnifh, Few of my Plates have had the Aqua Fortis
on them lefs' aan half an Hour on the lighter Parts, or more than an Hour and a,
half on the d arker Parts. When the Plate is bit-in as deep as you would have it,
wafh the Aqua Fort . well off from it ; then fcrew your Hand-Vice on the Edge of
it, and hold its Wfc g Side a while before, or over a Fire, and the Wax Border will
flip off; then take a little Olive, or any Oil, put it on the hot Plate, and rub it over

. X with

( 2 35 )

with a Rag, then wipe the Plate dean, and you will fee your Defign very plain.
The Plate is then fit to fend to the Rowling-Prefs for a Proof, after which, any
common Hand may put in a few Strokes with a Graver, in Cafe there be found any
little Deficiencies.

Thus have I given as much, and no more, on the Subjed of Etching , than I
have difcovered from my own Pradice and Experience. There are, I believe,
many of my Countrymen, who could give far better Infirudions in this Art than
myfelf ; but fome of them, perhaps, are Idle, and others interefled to keep it fecret.
I know of none that have advanced any Thing worth naming, on this Subjed, in our
Language, but what is tranflated from fome other.

As there was no Defign at the Beginning of this Work to have carried it on to the
Length it is now come, the Matter contained in it could not be ranged in a Clafiical
Order ; for as Things of a mixed Nature continually offer’d themfelves to me, I was
obliged to proceed juft as I could procure Subjeds to go upon : Therefore, if we
furvey this whole Work (which is now brought to a Conclufion) we fhall find many
Subjeds that ought to have been placed together, are fcattered throughout the four
Parts thereof; and as their being fo creates fome Difficulty and Confufion, I have
judged it convenient to bring all the Subjeds contained in the Book, into a Generical
Catalogue , by which Means one may find all the Subjeds that belong to the fame
Genus ranged by themfelves, and pointing to the different Plates of the Book where
they are figured and defcribed ; which Method will be found more ready and ufeful
for the turning to any particular Subjed contained in this Book, than an Alphabetical
Catalogue of Names could have been.

A CAT A-

( 2 3 6 )

A

CATALOGUE of the Names of all the Birds,
Beasts, &c. contained in the four Parts of this
Natural Hiftory , ranged in a Generical Order.

BIRDS that take their Prey in the
Day-Time.

The E A G L E.

H E White-tailed Eagle. Page i
VULTURES.

The bearded Vul ture j o 6

The King of the Vultures. 2

HA W K S.

The Afte-coloured Buzzard. 53

The J potted Hawk, or Falcon. 3

The black Hawk, or Falcon. 4

The Ring-tail’ d H awk. 107

The little black and Orange-colour’ d Indian
Hawk. xo8

BUTCHER-BIRDS, or SHRIKES.

The crefled Red , or Rufiet Butcher-Bird. 54
The leaf Butcher-Birds. 55

The Fork-tail’ d Indian Butcher-Bird. 56

C U C K O w S.

The great j potted Cuckow. 57

The black Indian Cuckow. 5 S

The brown and [potted Indian Cuckow. 59

Rapacious BIRDS that prey in the
Night-Time.

The great Horned-Owl, 60

The great white OwL . 6 1

The little Hawk- Owl. 62

The GOAT-SUCKER.

The lefi'er Goat-Sucker of America. Page 63

PARROTS.

The red and blue Maccaw. 158

The blue and yellow Maccaw. 159

The great Cockatoo. 1 60

The Brafilian green Parrot. 1 6 1

The great green Parrot from the Weft-In-
dies. 162

The Af -coloured a?id Red Parrot. 163

The black Parrot from Madagafcar. 5

The lejfer green Parrdt. 1 64

The Hawk-headed Parrot. 1 65

The White-headed Parrot. 166

The dufky Parrot. 1 67

The little green Parrot. 168

The White-breafed Parrot. 369

The fir ft Black-capped Lory. 170

The jecond Black-capped Lory. 1 7 1

The Scarlet Lory. 172

The Long-tailed Scarlet Lory. 173

The Lory-Parrakeet. 174

The Long-t ailed green Parrakeet. 1 75

The Red and Blue-headed Parrakeet. 176

The Brown-throated Parrakeet. 177

The final left green aitd red Indian Parrakeet.

6

BIRDS of the Pye-Kind , which have
the Toes {landing two forwards and
two backwards on each Foot, as they
{land in Parrots.

The Touraco. 7

The Toucan, or Brafilian Pye. 64

BIRDS

( 237 )

BIRDS of the Tye-Kind, having three
Toes Handing forwards, and one back-
wards on each Foot.

The Roller Page 109

The Minor, or Mino, greater and lefs , 17
The Chinefe Starling, or Blackbird 1 9
The little Indian Pye. 1 8 1

BIRDS of PARADISE, which
I think belong to the Genus of Pyes y
contrary to the Opinion of Mr. Willugh-
by, who has ranged them with Rapa-
cious Birds.

The greater Bird e/' Paradife. no

The fuppofed King of the greater Birds of
Paradife. in

The golden Bird of Paradife. 1 1 2

WOOD-PECKERS.

The Grey-headed green Wood-pecker. 65

The three toed Wood-pecker. 114

The fpotted Indian Wood-pecker. 182

KINGS-FISHERS.

The great Kings-Fifher, from the River
Gambia. 8

The American Kings-Fifher. 1 1 5

The black and white Kings- Fifher. 9

The Swallow-tailed Kings-Fifher. 10

The little Indian Kings-Fifher. 1 1

The Indian Bee-Eater, a Sort of Kings-
Fifher, with a bow'd Bill. 183

BIRDS of Kin to the Kings-
Fisher, having the fame Sort of
Feet.

The red Bird, from Surinam. 39

The green Sparrow, or green Humming-
Bird. I 2-1

The Golden-headed black Tit-moufe, or Ma-
nakin. 21

The black and yellow Manakin. 83

The Pyed Bird of Paradife. 1 1 3

BIRDS of thePouLTR y-K i n d,
and firfl, of fuch as want the back Toe.

The Bullard Cock. 73

The Hen Bullard. 74

The Arabian Bullard. 12

POULTRY of Kin to Turk ies.

The homed Indian Pheafant. 1 16

The Quan, or Guan. 13

BIRDS of the Pheasan T-Kind.

The black and white Chinefe Pheafant,
with its Hen . 66

The Peacock-Pheafant, from China. 67
The Painted-Pheafant,yr<?#z China. 68
The Hen Peacock-Pheafant, China. 6 9
The Hen of the Tainted Chinefe Pheafant.

69

PARTRIDGE.

The red-legg y d Partridge, from Barbary. 70

B I R D S of the P o u l T r y-K i n d,
having red Eye-brows and feather’d
Legs, known to us by the Name of
Heath-cocks i Grous , Black, or Red
Game .

The long-tailed Grous, from Hudfon’s-
Bay. 1 1 7

The black arid fpotted Heathcock. 1 1 8
The brown and fpotted Heathcock, fuppofed
to be the Hen of the foregoing . 7 1

The white Partridge, Lagopus Avis. 72

PIGEONS, or DOVES.

The triangular-fpotied Pigeon. 75

The brown Indian Dove. 70

The Green-winged Dove. 14

The Long-taifd Dove. 15

The tranfverfe ftriped, or barred Dove. 1 6
The Mountain-Partridge, a Dove fo call'd*

119

BIRDS

( 238 )

BIRDS of the Thrush, Black-
bird, and Starling Kinds.

The Black-headed Indian I&erus. Page 77

The Golden Thrufh. I&erus. 185

The yellow Indian Starling. 186

The brown Indian Thrufh. 184

The lefjer Mock-Bird. 78

The Solitary Sparrow. 1 8

The Roje , or Carnation-colour* d Ouzel. 20
The black and white Indian Starling. 1 87

BIRDS of the Creeper (Certhia)
Kind, having longifh flender Bills bow-

ed downwards.

The Blue Creeper. 2 1

The little brown and white Creeper. 26

The little black , white, and red Indian

Creeper. 8 1

The black and yellow Creeper. 122

Small-B irds, with pretty ftraight
{lender Bills, having their Tail-Feathers

all of one Colour.

The American Hedge Sparrow. 122

The red-belly* d Blue-Bird. 22

The red-headed Green-Finch. 23

The blue Red bread. 24

The green Black-cap Fly-catcher. 25

The blue-headed green Fly- catcher. 25

The green Indian Fly-catcher. 79

Slender-billed Small-Birds, ha-
ving their Tail-Feathers Party-eo-

lour’d.

The blue Throat Reddart. 28

The grey Redflart. 29

The fmall American Reddart. 80

The American Nightingale. 121

The red, or RuJJ et -colour* d Wheat-Ear,
Cock and Hen . 3 1

The Cold-Finch, Cock and Hen, 30

SWALLOWS.

The greatejl Martin, or Swift. 27

The great American Martin. 120

HUMMING-BIRDS.

The Long-tailed red Humming-Bird. P.32
The little brown Humming-Bird. 32
The Long-tailed green Humming-Bird. 33
The Long-tail* d Black-cap Humming-Bird.

. 4 . 34

The whit e -belly* d Humming-Bird. . 3 5

The green and blue Humming-Bird. 35
The black-belly* d Humming-Bird, and its
Hen . 3 6

The crefted Humming-Bird. 37

The Red-throated Humming-Bird, and its
Hen . 38

The leajl Humming-Bird . 105

Small-Birds that have thick,
fhort, and drong Bills, fit to crack the
Hufks of Seeds and Corn.

And fird, of fuch as have a hard
Knob in the Roof of the Mouth, which is
a Chara&eridic of the Hortulane-Kind,

The Snow-Bird, from Hudfon’r-Bay, 126
The Painted-Finch. 130

Such Small Birds as have excef-
five drong Bills, called Gros-Beaks,

The common Gros-Beak, or Haw-Finch.

188

The blue Gros-Beak, from Angola. 1 2 5

Small-Birds whofe Bills are mo-
derately thick and drong.

The Gowry Bird. . 4 °

The Cock Padda, or Rice-Bird. 41

The Hen Padda, or Rice-Bird. 42

The Chinefe Sparrows, Cock and Hen . 43

The Yellow-headed Linnet. 44

The greatef Bullfinch Cock, 123

The great ef Bullfinch Hen . 124

The greater Bullfinch. 82

The little brown Bullfinch. 83

The Indian Green- Finch. 84

The Shomburger, of Kin to the Lark. 85
Y The

(

The Red-breafted Long-tailed Finch,
Li he Dominican Cardinal.

The green Goldfinch.

Two Sorts of Linnets, from Angola.
j The Blue-belly' d Finch.

The Grenadier.

The Grey-Finch.

The Wax-Bill.

The Sparrow of Paradife.

239

86

Of the Heron-Kind,

1 TbeAJh-colour' d Heron, from North-Atne-

I 2 Q

rica. 135

I2 9 The Bittern, from HuafonV Bay. 136

1 78 B I R D S of the W o o d c o c k-K 1 n d,

1 79 not pifcivorous, nor Web- footed, having

179 very long, dender, draight Bills, and

180 pretty long Legs.

The Tellow-Headed Indian Sparrow. 189 The greater American Godwit. 137

Lhe Indian Reddart, a doubtful Bird , be- The Red-breafed Godwit. 138

tween the thick a?id fender-billed Kinds . The white Godwit, from Hudfon’j-Bay.

1 9 ° 139

The red and blue Brafilian Finch. 191 The white Red-Shank, or Pool-Snipe. 139

WA TER -FOWL.

And firfir, Cranes, more properly fo
called, having pretty long Bills, (hortifh
Feathers on the Neck, and fome Part
of the Head cover'd with a bare red
Skin.

The greatejl Indian Crane. 45

The Hooping-Crane, from Hudfonh-Bay.

132

The brown a?2d AJh-colour'd Crane. 133

Cranes of a different Genus from the
former, having Plumes or Crowns on
their Heads, fhorter Bills, and very
long loofe Feathers on their Necks.

The Crowned African-Crane. 192

The Demoifelle fl/’Numidia. 134

Of the Crane-Kind, with bowed,

or Sith-Bills.

I have only the Bill of one of thefe,
which was taken out of an Earthen Pot,
in which the whole Bird was anciently
embalmed, and lately brought from
Mgypt.

The Bill of the ^Egyptian Ibis. 105

WATER-FOWL, of the Trin GA-
EL 1 N d, with draight (lender Bills of a
middling Length, and that have the Toes
webbed, or finned in Scallops, on each
Side, like thofe of the Coot, being a
Genus of Birds not taken Notice of till
the Publication of this Natural Hiftory ,

The red Coot-footed Tringa. 142

The Cock Coot-footed Tringa. 143

The Coot-footed Tringa, fuppofed to be the
Hen of the preceding* 46

Cloven-footed Water-Birds of the Plo-
ver-Kind, having (hort draight
Bills ; they are fuppofed to feed on Infers*

The Black-breafed Indian Plover. 47
The [potted Plover. 140

The Turn-done, from Hudfonh Bay. 141

Of Water-Hens, or Moor-
H E N S.

Mr. Willughby fays, their Charadteridic
Notes of Didindtion are, a (mail Head, a
(lender, comprefTed, or narrow Body, a
IhortBill, moderately bending, (yet fome of
the Bills of the following are very draight)
(hort concave Wings like aTIen's, a very
(hort Tail, long Legs, and very long
Toes. He might have added, more or lets

of

( 240 )

of a Baldnefs on the Forehead , as in the
Bald-Coot .

The Purple Water-Hen. Page 87

The Spur-winged Water-Hen. 48

The little American Water-Hen. 144

Whole-footed BIRDS, with only three
Toes, all {landing forwards, whofe
general Character is, to have fhort

Wings ; tho’ the firft of them is a very
long wing’d Bird.

The Albatrofs. 88

The Northern Penguin. 147

The [potted Greenland Dove. 50

The black Greenland Dove. 50

The J mall black and white Divers. 9 r

Whole-footed BIRDS, having four Toes,
which are all webb’d together.

The Pelican. 92

The Pelican of America. 93

The Tropick-Bird. 149

Whole footed BIRDS, call’d Pete-
r 1 l s, having only three Toes, {land-
ing all forwards, and a fmall Spur, or
Claw on the Heel ; which is a Thing
not before taken Notice of.

The great black Peteril. 89

The white mid black [potted Peteril. 90

The little Peteril. 90

A Whole footed BIRD, with the back
Toe loofe, having a narrow Bill, hook-
ed at the End, and toothed on the
Edges, called in Latin Mergi .

The Rcd-breafted Goofander. 93

Southern Penguins, whofe Charac-
ter.iflic Diflindtions are, the having
longifh flraight Bills, compreffed Side-
ways, and a little grooved and hooked
at the Points of the upper Mandibles ;
having fmall Wings, or rather Paddles,
cover’d with minute {tiff Feathers,

which refemble that Sort of Fifh-Skin
call’d Shagreen ; the having no Tail ;
the having Feet of a Structure peculiar
to themfelves, viz. four Toes on a
Foot, all {landing forwards, the three
greater webbed together as in Ducks,
the fmalleft and innermoft on each
Foot being detached or loofe.

The Penguin, with red Feet. Page 49

Two Sorts of Black footed Penguins. 94

D u c k e r s, or Loons.

And firfl, of Cloven-footed Duckers that
have no Tails.

The eared,, or horned Dob-Chick. 145

The eared Dob-Chick, fuppofed to be the
Hen of the foregoing. 96

The black and white Dob-Chick. 96

Whole footed D u c k e r s, with Tails.

The fpeckled Diver, cr Loon. 146

The Red-throated Ducker, or Loon, jup-
pofed to be the Hen of the preceding. 97

Gulls, differing from the common
Sort in having their Bills hooked at
the Point ; and in having their Legs
fomething longer, and their Toes
fhorter. They may be looked upon as
a Genus intermediate to the Gull and
Peteril Kinds, having Bills like the
Peterils , except in the Pipe-like Nof-
trils, and a fmall back Toe, fuch as is
common to the Gull- Kind. The Saw-
like Edge on the hinder Part of the
Legs, belongs to neither of the above
Genera.

The Artick-Biid, fuppofed to he the Cock.

148

The Artick-Bird, fuppofed to be the Hen.

149

Swans.

The Head of the tame Swan. 150

The wild Swan, called alfo an Elk and
Hooper. j 50

Of

( 241 )

Of the Goose - K i n d.

The Canada Goofe. Page 151

The Blue-winged Goofe. 152-

The laughing Goofe. 153

Ducks.

There is a Difficulty in fome Species that
are intermediate in Size between Geefe
and Ducks , whether to range them
with the former or latter 3 but, as moft
of the Goofe-Kind I have met with
have a greyiftt Colour, I think it pro-
per to let fuch ftand with Geefe , tho’
they are not bigger than fome we call
Ducks . I believe what in England we
improperly call the Mufcovy Duck , hath
a larger Body than the Brent Goofe. I
fhall begin with fuch Ducks as I ima-
gine to frequent the Sea-Shores, or Salt-

Waters.

The Grey-headed Duck, 154

The great black and white Duck, and his
Hen . 98

The great black Duck, from Hudfon’j-
Bay. 155

The dufky and [potted Duck. 99

The little black and white Duck. 100

Ducks that are fuppofed to frequent
freffi Waters.

The Summer Duck of Catesby. 10 1

The Chinefe Teal. 102

The Black-bill' d Whiftling-Duck. 193

The Red-bill' d Whiftling-Duck. 194

The Long-tail' d Duck >from Hudfon’j-Bay .

1 5 6

The little brown and white Duck. 157

Four-footed BEASTS;

And fir ft, of the Monkey-Kind
(for I think we fhould give the Pre-
eminence to them, as they are more
nearly allied to ourfelves in their
outward Form and other Faculties,
than any other of the Animals we
call Four-footed Beafts.) It is in-

deed a Doubt with me, whether we
fhould call them fuch or not 3 for
were I to write a general Hiftory of
living Creatures, I fhould not know
how to feparate Man from fome of the
greater Monkies y otherwife than (after
making them of one Genus) by giving
Man the Superiority, and fuppofing
him a diftirict, and the firft Species of
that Genus. Thofe that follow in the
Catalogue are much farther removed
from the Human Species than many of
the greater Monkeys are.

The little Lion Monkey. Page 195

The little black Monkey, 196

A BEAST approaching to the Mon-
key-Kind, call'd a Maucauco y
which I am told fignifies a Monkey in
the Tortuguefe Language. I have ob-
ferv’d thofe Creatures that decline from
the Monkey , incline fomething to the
Squirrel , as the following Animal

doth.

The Maucauco. 1 97

' S QJJ I R R E L S.

The Barbarian Squirrel. 198

The Ground Squirrel. 181

The Flying Squirrel, 191

Cloven-Hoofed BEASTS, that rumi-
nate, or chew the Cud.

The Greenland Buck. 3 1

The little Indian Buffalo. 200

BEASTS that have broad fore Teeth,
that enable them to knaw.

The Porcupine, from Hudfon'j-Bay. 52
The Monax, or Marmotte, from America.

104

Greater BEASTS of Prey,

The Quick- Hatch, or Wolverene, a Crea-
ture of Kin to the Bear. 103

LeJJer

( 242 )

Lejjer BEASTS of Prey.

The Indian Ichneumon, a Beafl of Kin to
Polecats, Ferrets, Martins, &c. P. 199

Bats, or flying Quadrupedes.

The great Bat, from Madagafcar. 180

A jmall Bat, from Jamaica. 201

Two fmall Bats Natives of England,

201

Four-footed BEASTS that lay Eggs,
have rough fcaly Skins, and that go or
creep with their Bellies on the Ground 5
called by the various Names of Croca-
diles , Alligators , Guano's , Lizards , Ca-
me lions. Salamanders , Efts, See,

The Thorn-tailed Indian Lizard. 1 90

The large green and fpotted Lizard. 202

The great fpotted Lizard, with a forked

Tail, 203

The fmall fpotted grey Lizard. 204

Land-Tortoises.

The African Land-Tortoife. 204

The Land-Tortoife, from Carolina. 205

Sea-Tortoises.

The Sea-Tortoife, with two Heads. 206
Another of the fame Species , with one Head.

206

Of the Serpent, or Snake-

Kind, or fuch as have very
and flender, fcaly Bodies, and are

long

with-

out Legs or Feet.

The Double-headed Snake.

2°7

FISHES.

And firft, Frejh-water Fish.

The Mango* Fifh.

208

The Gold -Fifh, from China.

209

Sea-Fishes.

The Ribband Fifh.

2 10

The flying Fifh.

210

The flicking Fifh.

210

INSECTS in general.

And firft, the Locust-Kind.

The Scarlet Locuft. Page 22

The great brown, or common Locuft. 208
Another Locuft, call'd Prege Deos, or Pray
to God. X09

Beetles.

The- Forceps Beetle, from the Eaft-Indies."

4°

The horned Indian Beetle, Male and Fe-
male. 105

Solid /hell'd African Beetles. 178

The fmall black and yellow Beetle. 178
A Species of the Lanthorn-Fly, of Kin to
the Beetle, having the upper Wings hard ,
tho' flat. 120

BUTTERFLIES.

And firft, fuch as have all the four
Wings fcalloped, or jagged .

The black and blue Fly, with yellowifh Spots,

26

The black and white Butterfly. 33

The Orange -colour'd, du/ky and blue Fly. 37
The Orange-colour d Peacock Fly. 84
The little brown Fly with yellow Spots ,
Englifh. 178

Butterflies, whofe lower Wings
terminate like the Feathers in the Tails
of Swallows.

The great du/ky and yellow Swallow-tail' d
Fly. 34

The blue double Swallow-tail' d Butterfly. 8 1

Butterflies whofe Wings are of
a middling Length, and not fcalloped,
or jagged.

The brown and white fpotted Butterfly. 33
The fmall blue Butterfly. 86

The little white Field Moth. 122

The great , white, black and red Butterfly.

128

The black and while Butterfly, from China.

184

Z • The

i

a

( 243 )

The Orange-colour' d and black Fly. P. 189
The little Cream-colour' d Fly, with ftnall
black Spots . 202

The little white and Orange -colour' d Englifh
Fly, 125

Butterflies that have their up-
per Wings very long.

The black and Scarlet Fly. 38

The black and Brimflone- colour'd Fly. 80
The tranfparent-winged Butterfly. 175
The black Butterfly, with fear let Spots . 207

Caterp illar.

The great brown Caterpillar, with golden
Studs . 179

Flies with very long Bodies, and
four pretty long Wings, that fly fwift-
ly over watery Places, vulgarly call’d
with us Horfe-flies > or Horfe-ftingers .

The green Hor fe-fly. 1 1 2

The purple and brown Horfe-fly . 1 74

Other fmall Flies, drawn from Na-
ture, but not deferibed.

A Uttle bluijh Fly, with four Wings . 2 1

A Sort of Gn at, or Mufketo, of a yellowifh-
brown Colour 43

A large Fly from Amboy na, with tranf-
parent Wings.

The great yellow Fly with black Spots , P. 3 6

VEGETABLES.

And firft, of Trees.

The Cedar 0/Libanus. 188

The Heart Cherry. 125

The Chinefe Rofe, raifed in England. 67
The Haw-Tree, or White Thorn. 18

FLOWERS.

The Narciflus Jacobea. 13 1

The red and Gold-colour' d Everlafting-
Flower. 1 83

The fmall white Water-Flower, call'd
Crow-Foot. 1 qz

CORALINE Subfiances y and Marine
Plants , drawn from Nature .

Two Sorts of Coraline Trees, the one in-
cruft ed with a red Subftance, and the other
with a yellow.

49

The true red Coral. 89

The red Organ Coral. 93

The knotted brown and yellow Coral. 93.
The white Bell-like Coral. 94

APiece of rough white Coral, branched .

148

( 244 )

CATALOGUE

OF THE

E S

OF T H E

BIRDS, BEASTS, fc

DESCRIBED

In the third and fourth PARTS of this W O R K

LATIN

I N

and ENGLISH,

106. y U L T U R barbatus. 106.

107. V Pygargus Accipiter, Cana- 107*

denjis .

108. Accipiter minimus, Bengalenfiu 108.

109. Garrulus, Argentoratenjis * 109.

no. Manucodiata major. no.

in. Manucodiata Rex. in,

1 12. Avis Paradifaea Hava. ira.

1 1 3 . Pica, Orient ali s, cauda duabus pen- 113.

nis longifiimis donata.

1 1 4. Picus, Canadenjhy pedibus tribus 114*.

digitis donatis*

T H E bearded Vulture.

The Ring-tail’d Hawk.

The little black and Orange-colour’d
Indian Hawk.

The Roller.

The greater Bird of Paradife.

The fuppofed King of the greater
Birds of Paradife.

The Golden Bird 0/’ Paradife.

The Pyed Bird ^Paradife.

The Three-toed Wood-pecker.

1 1 5. Ifpida

( 245

113. Ifpida, Carolinenfis.

1 1 6. Phafeanus cornutus, Bengalenfis.

117. Urogallus minor, foemina cauda

longiore, Canadenfls .

1 1 8. Urogallus maculatus, Canadenfs .

119. Columba minor fulva Jamdicenfis

120. Hirundo coerulea, Canadenjis.

1 2 1. Idterus minor, nidum fufpendens.
Rubecula viridis elegantiffima.

222. Lufcinia, e fufco & luteo varia.
Curruca, JamaicenJls.

123. Rubicilla maxima, Canadenfs.

124. Ejufdem foemina.

125. Coccothrauftes coeruleus, Angolenfs

126. Montifringilla major, Canadenjis.

127. Rubicilla, Americana , Willughby

A 2 47*

128. Cardueli affinis, viridis.

129. Linaria, Angolenfs.

An mas & foemina ?

130. Fringilla tricolor, Mexicenjis.

Eadem coloribus nondum perfedtis

1 3 1. Fringilla ventre coerufeo, Angolenfis

132. Grus, Americana , alba major.

133. Grus fufca, Canadenjis.

1 34. Grus, Numidica.

133. Ardea fufca, Canadenjis.

136. Ardea Stellaris, Canadenjis .

137. Fedoa, Americana.

138. Fedoa, Americana , pedtore rufo.
i 39. Fedoa, Canadenjis , roftro furfum

recurvo.

Totanus, Canadenjis , tempore hy-
berno albus.

14c. Pluvialis viridis maculatus ventre
nigro, Canadenfis.

1 4 1. Morinellus, Canadenjis.

142. Tringa rufra, Canadenfis , membra-

nis circularibus ad digitorum ar-
ticulos appends.

)

. The American Kings-Fiflier.'

1 16. The Horned Indian Pheafant.

1 17. The Long-taiPd Grous, from Hud-

fon’r-Bay.

1 18. The black and fpotted Heathcock.

1 19. The Mountain Partridge.

120. The great American Martin.

1 2 1. The American Nightingale.

The green Sparrow, or green Hum-
ming-Bird.

122. The black and yellow Creeper.

The American Hedge-Sparrow.

123. The greateft Bullfinch, the Cock.

124. The greatefi: Bullfinch, the Hen.

125. The blue Gros-Beak, from An-

gola.

126. The Snow-Bird, from HudfonV

Bay.

127. The Dominican-Cardinal.

128. The green Goldfinch.

129. Two Sorts of Linnets, from An-

gola. _

130. The Painted Finch.

131. The Blue-belly’d Finch.

132. The Hooping-Crane, from Hud-

fon^-Bay.

133. The brown and Afh-colour’d Crane.

134. The Demoifelle oj Numidia.

133. The Afh-colour’d Heron, from
North- America.

136. The Bittern, from HudfonVBay.

137. The greater American Godwit.

138. The Red-breafled Godwit.

139. The white Godwit.

The white Red-Shank, or Pool-
Snipe.

140. The fpotted Plover,

1 41. The Turn-ftone, from Hudfon’r-

Bay.

142. The Red Coot-footed Tringa .

243. Tringa

( 2+6 )

143* Tringa fufcus, Canadenfis, mas ven-
tre albo, membranis pedum cum
prsecedente fimilibus.

144. Gallinula minor, Canadenfis.

145. Colymbus auritus & cornutus, mi-

nor, Canadenfis.

146. Colymbus, Canadenfis , ArBicns ,

Worm, humme Norwegis.

147. Penguin ArBlcus .

148. Avis ArBicus , mas live Larus cauda

duabus pennis longiffimis donata.

149. Avis ArBkay fcetnina.

Avis Tropicorum.

1 50. Cygnus ferus, cum capite cygni man-

fueti ad difFerentiam notandam.

1 51. An fer ferus, Canadenfis .

152. Anfer, Canadenfis , alis cceruleis.

153. Anfer, Canadenfis , fufcus, maeu-

lat'us.

154. Anas, Canadenfis , capite grifeo-cce-

ruleo.

155. Anas, Canadenjuy major, niger,

156. Anas caudacuta, Canadenfis ,

157. Anas, Canadenfisy minor, fufcus.

158. Plittacus maximus puniceus & cae-

ruleus.

159. Plittacus maximus cyano-croceus.

1 60. Plittacus albus criftatus maximus.

1 61. Plittacus viridis, Brafilienjis .

162. Pfittacus viridis major, Occident

tails .

163. Pfittacus cinereus rubro maculatus.

164. Plittacus viridis minor, Occiden -

tails .

165. Plittacus Orlenialisy capite accipi-

trino.

1 66. Pfittacus viridis capite albo.

167. Plittacus fufcus Mexlcanus.

168. Plittacus minor viridis.

169. Plittacus viridis minor, MexicamiSy

pedtore albo.

170. Pfittacus coccineus Orientallsy ver-

tice nigro.

17 1. Plittacus coccineus CrientaliSy vertice

nigro, alter.

143 The Cock Coot-footed Tringa .

144. The little American Water-Hen.’

145. The eared, or horned Dob-Chick.

146. The fpeckled Diver, or Loon.

147. The Northern Penguin.

148. The Ar&ick-Bird, fuppojed to be the

Cock.

149. The Ar£tick-Bird, fuppojed to be the

Hen .

The Tropick-Bird.

150. The wild Swan, and the Head of the

tame Swan.

1 5 1. The Canada Goofe.

1 52. The Blue-winged Goofe.

153. T he Laughing Goofe.

1 54. The Grey-headed Duck.

155. The great black Duck, from H ud~

fon’^-Bay.

156. The Long-taiPd Duck, from Hud-

fon’r-Bay.

157. The little brown and white Duck.

158. The red and blue Maccaw.

139. The blue and yellow Maccaw.,

160. The greater Cockatoo.

1 6 1. The Bralilian Green Parrot.

162. The great green Parrot, from the

Weft-Indies,

163. The Alh-coiour’d and red Parrot.

164. The lelfer green Parrot.

165. The Hawk-headed Parrot.

166. The White-headed Parrot.

167. The Du Iky Parrot.

168. The little green Parrot.

169. The White-breafted Parrot.

170. The firft Black-capped Lory.

171 The fecond Black-capped Lory.

A a 172. Pfittacus

( 247 )

172. Pfittacus coccineus Orientalis^ alis

ex viridi Sc nigro variis.

173. Pfittacus coccineus cauda longiore.

174. Pfittacus minor, e coccineo viri-

dis. Orient alls.

175. Pfittacus minor viridis, cauda lon-

giore, Occidentalism

176. Pfittacus minor, capite e coccineo

coeruleo, Occidentalism

177. Pfittacus minor, gutture fufco, Oc-

cidentalis.

178. Pafier, Angolenfs> capite nigro, collo

Sc uropygio flavis.

179. Linaria cinerea, Orientalis.
Paflerculus, Orientalis , roftro coc-
cineo quafi vernice obduSto.

180. Pafier, Angolenfis } Paradifaus d ic-

tus, capite rubro Sc pedtore nigro.
Sc albo maculato.

Vefpertilio magnus, Madagafcarenjis.

1 8 1. Pica minor, Bengalenfis.

Sciurus minor ftriatus, Carohnenfism

182. Picus, Bengalenfis , maculatus.

183. Merops minor, Bengalenjis , cauda

duabus pennis longioribus Sc te-
nuibus infignita.

384. Turdus fufcus, Bengalenjis , non ma-
culatus.

185. Galbula, Bengalenjis.

386. Sturnus luteus, Bengalenjis.

1 87. Sturnus ex albo Sc fufco varius, Ben-

galenjis.

188. Coccothrau Aes vul garis.

189. Pafier, Bengalenfis , capite flavo.

190. Ruticilla, Bengalenfis.

Lacertus e viridi grifeus, Orientalis %
cauda fquammofa.

19 1. Fringilla coloribus rufo SC coeruleo,

Brafilienfis.

Sciurus volans colore dilute fufco,
Americanus .

192. Grus crifiata, Africana .

An mas Sc foemina ?

193. Anas fifiularis fufca Sc maculata Oc-

cidentalism

172. The Scarlet Lory .

173. The Long-tailed Scarlet Lory.

174. The Lory Parrakeet.

175. The Long-tailed green Parrakeet.

176. The red and Blue-headed Parrakeet.

177. The Brown-throated Parrakeet.

178. The Grenadier.

179. The grey Finch.

The Wax-Bill.

180. The Sparrow of Paradife.

The great Bat, from Madagafcar.

18 1. The little Indian Pye.

The Ground Squirrel.

182. The fpotted Indian Woodpecker,

183. The Indian Bee-Eater.

184. The brown Indian Thru fh.

185. The Golden Thiufh. I&erus.

186. The yellow Indian Starling.

1 87. The black and white Indian Starling.

188. The Gros-Beak, or Haw-Finch.

189. The Yellow-headed Indian Sparrow.

190. The Indian Redftart.

The Thorn-tailed Indian Lizard.

1 91. The red and blue Brafilian Finch,
The flying Squirrel.

192. The crown'd African Crane, or

crown’d Bird.

193. The Black-bill’d Whiftling Duck.

194. Anas

( H 8 )

194. Anas fiftularis rufus, roftro rubro,

Occidentalism

195. Cercopithecus minimus, Mexicanus>

capilliceo niveo.

1 96. Cercopithecus niger minimus, Aitftro-

Americanus , manibus 5 c pedibus
croceis.

197. Simia-fciurus, Madagascar enfa.

198. Sciurus ftriatus, Africanus .

199. Ichneumon, Orientalis .

200. Bubalus minor, Orientalis , gibbo

fuper humeros infignitus.

201. Vefpertilio parvus Jamdicenfis , roflro

appendice auriculae forma, donato.
Vefpertilio vulgaris, auribus brevibus.

Vefpertilio Anglic anus > auribus majo-
ribus.

202. Lacertus major viridis coeruleo ma-

culatus, Occidentalism

203. Lacertus major, cinereus maculatus,

Jamaicenfis , bicaudatus

204. Lacertus minor, cinereus maculatus,

AfiaticuSm

Teftudo tefTellata minor, Africana.

205. T eftudo tefTellata minor, Caj~olinenfis.
206m Teftudo marinus 3 Foetus nuper ex

ovo exclufus
Alter biceps.

207. Serpens dilute fufcus, Barbadenfis>

biceps.

208. Pifcis Paradifiea

209. Cyprini domeftici Sinenfes, variorum

colorum, vulgo pi fees Aurei 5 c
Argent ei didfci.

210. Guaperva ex fufeo 5 c albo eleganter

ftriata, pinna dorfali anteriore lon-
giffima.

Hirundo marina.

Remora Pifcis*

N

194. The Red-bilPd Whiftling Duck.

195. The little Lion Monkey.

196. The little black Monkey.

197. The Maucauco.

198. The Barbarian Squirrel.

199. The Indian Ichneumon.

200. The little Indian Buffalo.

201. The fmall Bat, from Jamaica.

The Short-eared Bat, found in En-
gland.

The Long-eared Englifh Bat.

202. The large green and fpotted Lizard.

203. The great fpotted Lizard, with a

forked Tail,

204. The fmall fpotted grey Lizard.

The African Land Tortoife.

203. The Land Tortoife, from Carolina.’

206. The SeaTortoife,y&/2 out of the Egg*

Another with two Heads.

207. The Double-headed Snake.

208. The Mango-Fifh.

209. The Gold Silver and Blue Fifh,/n?#r

China,

210. The Ribband Fifh.

The Flying Fifh.
The Sucking Fifh>

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