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Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow.—Trans., Vol. 2, pt. 2, & Vol. 3, pt. 1, 1890. [The Society.
Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 1890. [The Trustees.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALAONTOLOGY, 1888. 129
J. G. GoopcHILD. Cheshire, Cumberland, and Westmorland.
Some Observations upon the Natural History of Gypsum [its modes of
occurrence and probable origin; considerable deposits occur about the
horizon of the Magnesian Limestone in Cumberland and Westmorland, and
in the Keuper Marls in Cheshire]. Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. (1888), 425-445.
J. G. GloopcuHILp]. Westmorland.
Westmorland [an account of its geology, physical features, climate, and
minerals]. Encyclopedia Britannica, gth ed., vol. xxiv. (1888), pp. 513-515.
Wo. GREGSON. York N.E.
[Reports upon Erratic Blocks in the North Riding of Yorkshire ; details
of erratic blocks at Cattersty Sands, Skinningrove, Whorlton, Baldersby Park,
Elmire, Robin Hood’s Bay, and Hutton Moor]. Nat., Jan. 1888, pp. 19, 20.
Wm. GREGSON. York N.E.
[Boulders at Guisborough; details of two boulders in the Priory Grounds,
Guisborough]. Nat., Nov. 1888, pp. 347, 348.
W. S. GRESLEY. Derbyshire.
The Occurrence of Variegated Coal-Measures, Altered Ironstones,
etc., at Swadlincote, Derbyshire [describes a quarry-section showing Coal-
Measures iron-stained by the overlying red Permian beds, and containing
nodules of clay-ironstone converted into hematite]. Geol. Mag., March 1888,
dec. ili. vol. v. pp. 115-117.
W. S. GRESLEY. Northumb., Durham, and Yorkshire.
[Letter on correlation of coal-seams in the North of England, in dis-
cussion of apaper by Mr. Walton Brown]. Trans. North of Eng. Inst. Mining
and Mech. Eng., vol. xxxvil. pp. 123-125.
W. S. GRESLEY. Lancs., Yorksh., Northumb., etc.
On the occurrence of Boulders and Pebbles in the Coal Measures
[describes many instances not only of boulders and pebbles found embedded
in coal-seams and lying on the roof, but ‘erratics ’ occurring in the floors or
underclays of coal beds]. ‘Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., vol. xix. Part 18,
pp- 488-504, with sections.
C. D. HARDCASTLE. Yorkshire.
The Greystone, Leeds [described ; Millstone Grit; details of the block given,
also a Jegend and historical facts connected with it]. Nat., Jan. 1888, 18-19.
Cheviotland, Derbysh., Durham, Northumbld., Cumbld, Westmld.,
ALFRED HARKER. Furness, York N.W., York N.E., Isle of Man.
The Igneous Dykes of the North of England [the striking phenomena
of the igneous dykes of this country generally alluded to, and numerous
localities given, with particular reference to the great augite-andesite dyke of
Cleveland, known also as the Cockfield and the Armathwaite Dyke; it is sug-
gested that igneous dykes should be formed into groups—firstly, those in
connection with volcanic necks or plutonic bosses, commonly presenting a
rough radial arrangement about their source ; secondly, those injected during
or closely subsequent to movements, etc., in the strata; and thirdly, these
belonging to more extensive geological operations (fissure’ eruptions, etc.) |.
Nat., Dec. 1888, pp. 349-353-
GErorGE F. Harris. Westmorland.
Granites and our Granite Industries [account given of the Shap Quarries ;
the stone is described as a porphyritic hornblendic granite]. Chap. v. Sec. A,
Hornblendic Granites, pp. 53-54-
T. F. H[ENDERson]. Yorkshire.
York [a summary of the geology, physical features, minerals, etc., of the
county]. Encycl. Brit., gth ed., vol. xxiv. pp. 746-747, 1888.
May 1890.
130 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888.
W. HeEwIrTT. Lancashire.
Notes on the Topography of Liverpool [referring to the water-supply,
boulder-clays, and quarries]. Proc, Liverp. Geol. Soc., vol. v. pp. 145-150.
W. Hewitt. Isle of Man.
Notes on Glacial Deposits and Markings in the South of the Isle of
Man [describing the till and the ice-scratches about Port Erin, Port St. Mary,
and Castletown]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v. pp. 352-358.
W. HeEwirTT. Cheshire.
Report of Field Meeting at Runcorn [describing the Keuper beds there
exposed]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v. p. 390.
W. HEwITT. Lancashire.
River Deposits in the Ribble Valley [a resumé of the papers by Mr. E.
Dickson on the same subject]. Research, July 1888, pp. 9, Io.
W. HILL. Lincolnshire and York S.E.
On the Lower Beds of the Upper Cretaceous Series in Lincolnshire
and Yorkshire [the Hunstanton Limestone is represented by the Red Chalk,
with varying thickness up to 30 ft. at Speeton: the base of the Chalk Marl
is marked by a bed of compact limestone equivalent to the ‘sponge-bed’;
the upper limit of the Chalk Marl is fixed by certain courses of grey chalk
representing the Totternhoe Stone, with frequent red coloration in Lincoln-
shire]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xliv. pp. 320-364; Abstract in Geol.
Mag. (3), vol. v. pp. 234, 235; Phil. Mag., May (5), vol. xxv. pp. 445, 446.
BERNARD Hopson. Isle of Man.
The Glaciation of the Isle of Man [draws attention to the glacial striz on
Carboniferous Limestone at Scarlett Point near Castletown, direction E. 35° N.
and E, 374° N.; at Port St. Mary, on the outer side of the shore end of the
new concrete pier, average direction E. 33° N.; from the beds immediately
overlying the limestone at Port St. Mary—a rounded and well-scratched
boulder. The article is written in refutation of Mr. Keegan’s article in
Sci. Goss., April 1888, p. 73]. Sci. Goss., July 1888, pp. 165-166.
B. HOLGATE. Yorkshire.
The Magnesian Limestones of Yorkshire [after general remarks upon
the Permian formation, localities are given; divisions of the Permian rocks
of Yorkshire quoted; also their economic uses]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assoc.,
1888, Part iv. pp. 182-184.
B. HOLGATE. Westmorland and Cumberland.
Notes on the Lake District [visits to Castle Rigg near Keswick, the Glenda-
terra Pass near Skiddaw, and oth&r places described ; metamorphism of the
Lake District rocks illustrated]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assoc. 1888, Part iv.
204-206.
J. HORNELL. Isle of Man.
Ice-graving in the Isle of Man [a note on the glacial striations of the
island, mentioning localities]. Sci. Goss., June 1888, pp. 140, I4I.
W. H. HUDLESTON. Lincolnshire and York E.
A Monograph of the British Jurassic Gasteropoda. General introduc-
tion, pp. 1-1§, and Part i. No. 1; Gasteropoda of the Inferior Oolite,
pp. 17-56 [Inferior Oolite of England divided into four districts; No. 3, the
East Midland, including Lincolnshire and South-East Yorkshire; No. 4, the
Yorkshire Basin proper ; comparison of Dorset and Yorkshire coasts, p. 35].
Palontographical Society, vol. xl. (for 1886, pub. 1887). Part i. No. 2;
» Gasteropoda ,of the Inferior Oolite, pp. 57-136, plates i,-vi. [Lincolnshire
Limestone described, pp. 71-73; the introductory portion of the monograph
discusses the details of the Inferior Oolite in the East Midland district and
the Yorkshire Basin, pp. 74-77; systematic part of work, which follows,
describes many Yorkshire species]. Vol. xli. (for 1887, pub. 1888).
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888. 131
W. H. HUDLEsTON. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
Report of Sub-Committee [on classification of Oolites ; contains the
author’s arrangement of the Oolitic strata of Yorkshire, with their distribu-
tion, lithological characters, and characteristic fossils]. Congres Géeologique
International ; compte rendu, 3™€ session, pp. 457-483; Berlin, 1888.
T. McK. HUGHEs. York E. and Cheshire.
On the Drifts of the Vale of Clwyd and their Relation to the Caves
and Cave-Deposits [discussing also the relations of the well-known ‘ Brid-
lington Crag’ and the shell-bearing deposits at Kelsey Hill and Macclesfield,
and giving full lists of the species recorded]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xliii. pp. 73-115 [91-97], 1887.
O. W. JEFFS. Lancashire.
The Calday Grange Fault, West Kirby [describing the exposures and
noting slickensides; with a plate]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v.
247-249.
O. W. JEFFS. Lancashire.
Report of Field-Meeting at Thurstaston and West Kirby [describing
the Upper Bunter, etc.]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v. pp. 290, 291.
O. W. JEFFs. Cheshire.
Notes on the Occurrence of Copper in the Keuper Sandstone at the
Peckforton Hills, Cheshire [with analyses by C. C. Moore]. Proc.
Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1887, vol. v. pp. 139-144.
EDWARD JONES. Yorkshire.
On the recent Exploration of a Cave at Elbolton near Thorpe [the
entrance to this cave is at the foot of a small scar on the south side of Elbolton,
about 100 ft. from the summit; known in the neighbourhood as ‘ Knavvy
Noddle Hole’; Whitaker (Hist. Craven) calls it ‘ Knave Hole’; has recently
been explored by Craven Naturalists’ Society ; description of cave given, and
the following animal remains reported to have been obtained : man, horse, ox,
sheep, dog, fox, badger, pig, wild boar, red deer, rat, water rat, mouse,
shrew, and three species of birds]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Pol. Soc.,
vol. xi. part I, pp. 86-90.
T. Rupert? JONEs (Secretary). York Mid W., Derbyshire.
Fifth Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. R. Etheridge, Dr. H.
Woodward, and Professor T. Rupert Jones (Secretary), on the Fossil
Phyllopoda of the Palwozoic Rocks, 1887 [Déthyrocaris tenuistriata,
Mountain Limestone, Settle ; D. Zateralis, black bands over the main lime-
stone of Derbyshire; D. pholadomya, in a dark micaceous sandstone of the
Lower Carboniferous Limestone, Berwick-upon-Tweed, are noticed]. 57th
Rep. Brit. Assoc., Manchester, 1887 (pub. 1888), pp. 64 and 65.
J. W. Jupp. Lancashire.
Report on the Manchester (Oxford Road) Boulder [a much-altered por-
phyrite, and originally, no doubt, an andesitic lava; the rock is very similar
to some of the Lake district volcanic rocks, especially to that of Eycott Hill ;
‘I think there is little doubt that it came from the Lake district’]. Proc.
Liverpool Geol. Soc., vol. v. part 4, 1888, p. 370.
A, J. JUKES-BROWNE. Lincolnshire.
The Correlation of Midland Glacial Deposits with those of Lincolnshire
[a letter criticising Mr. Deeley’s conclusions]. Geol. Mag., July 1888, dec. ili.
vol. v. pp. 332, 333>
P. Q. KEEGAN. Isle of Man.
In the Isle of Man [includes notes on the Silurian slates and other formations,
and on the minerals of the Island]. Sci. Goss., April 1888, pp. 73-75»
‘ May 1890.
132 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888.
P. F. KENDALL. Lancashire.
Note on an Erratic Block observed during excavations for a sewer in
Oxford Street, Manchester [a block g ft. 6 in. long, of andesitic rock,
probably from Honister and Coniston district]. Mem. and Proc. Manch.
Lit. and Phil. Soc., Ser. 4, vol i. pp. 97-98.
R. KipsTon. York S.
On the Fructification of two Coal-measure Ferns [one of which, Crossotheca
Jimbriata, is deseribed as new from Monkton Colliery near Barnsley, and
East Gawber Colliery, Barnsley, being sent by W. Hemingway, and the
horizon being Middle Coal-measures shale over ‘ Barnsley Thick Coal’ ].
Ann. and Mag. N. H., July 1888, Series 6, vol. ii. pp. 22-27, and Plate 1.
R. KIDStToN. Northumberland, South Yorkshire.
Additional Notes on some British Carboniferous Lycopods [giving
description of Lepidodendron velthetmiamum Sternb., Lower Carboniferous of
Lumby Law Railway-cutting, near Edlingham, Northumberland ; fruit of
Bothrodendron minutifolium Boulay, Monkton Main Colliery, Barnsley ; and
B, witkianum, Little Whickhope Burn, near first branch above Cross Sike,
Northumberland]. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., Session cxviii, 1888-89,
vol. x. pp. 88-97 and Plate 4.
Ropert Law and JAs. HORSFALL. Lanc. and Yorks.
An Account of Small Flint Implements found beneath Peat on several
elevated points of the Pennine Chain, lying between Huddersfield and
Oldham [localities where found, and number obtained given; Section at
March Hill where the greater number of them have been obtained, is detailed].
Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc. vol xix. Part 20, pp. 599-603.
G. A. LEBOUR. Northumberland.
On Thinolite and Jarrowite [the ‘Thinolite’ of Nevada identified with the
‘Jarrowite’ of the Tyne]. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887. p. 700.
F, ARNOLD LEEs. West Yorkshire.
The Flora of West Yorkshire [the second volume of the Botanical Series
of Trans. Yorks. Nat. Union. Climatology is dealt with in pp. 3-61: the
zones of altitude included in West Yorkshire are the Infer-agrarian, Mid-
agrarian, Super-agrarian, and Infer-arctic ; the next section (pp. 65 84) treats
of the lithology of the Riding ; with reference to the subject in hand, the
various formations are grouped as Dysgeogenous, Pseudogeogenous, and
Eugeogenous, their distribution being indicated on a coloured map; the
physical characters of these formations and the soils they produce are discussed
from a botanical standpoint]. $vo, London, 1888.
H. Carvitt LEwIs, North of England.
The Terminal Moraines of the Great Glaciers of England [lays down
the position of these moraines in the North of England]. Rep. Brit. Assoc.
for 1887, pp. 691, 692; Nature, vol. xxxvi. p. 573, 1887; abstract given in
Nat. Monthly, Oct. 1887, p. 37.
J. Lomas. Cheshire.
On a Section of Boulder Clay near Hyde, Cheshire [with notes on the
nature of the boulders, chiefly of hornbiende-andesite]. Proc. Liverpool
Geol. Soc., 1887, vol. v. Part 3, pp. 257-259.
R. TAYLOR MANSON. Yorkshire.
The Stranger’s Stone, near Barnard Castle [details of an erratic block of
Shap Granite on the bank of Deepdale Beck, a small stream running into the
Tees, a little above Barnard Castle]. Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 21.
R. TAYLOR MANSON. Yorkshire.
The Low Field Boulder [details of the erratic block at Low Field near
Pierce Bridge; Shap Granite; a smaller one near Cliffe Hall alluded to].
Nat., Jan. 1888, pp. 20, 21.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888. 133
R. TAYLOR MANSON, Durham.
The Sadberge Block [iletails of an erratic block at Sadberge, three miles
N.E. of Darlington; encrinital blue limestone; recently dedicated as the
‘Jubilee’ Stone]. Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 22.
R. TAYLOR MANSON, Durham.
The Bulmer’s Stone, Darlington [cetails of the erratic block in Northgate,
Darlington, known as the ‘ Bulmer’s’ Stone; Shap Granite]. Nat., Jan.
1888, pp. 22, 23.
J. E. Marr and R. H. TrippeMAN. West Yorkshire.
La Geologie de !’Ouest du Yorkshire [notes for the excursion of the
International Geological Congress ; there are descriptions of the Ordovician,
Silurian, Carboniferous, and Permian rocks, of the chief earth movements in
the district, of the Glacial deposits, and of the Victoria Cave, besides a
bibhography and a coloured map. The chief points are Mr. Marr’s treatment
of the Lower Palzozoics, and Mr. Tiddeman’s account of the two types of
the Carboniferous, the southern division of the area containing the coral-built
masses, which he terms ‘knoll reefs’]. Congres Géologique International,
4me Session, Explications des Excursions, pp. 63-106.
J. E. Marr and H. A. NICHOLSON. Westmorland.
The Stockdale Shales [the authors have minutely studied these beds, dividing
them into a lower (Skelgill) and an upper (Browgill) division, with fifteen
zones characterised by special graptolites and trilobites; these zones show
the closest correspondence with the Birkhill and Gala groups of Southern
Scotland : among the fossils described and figured are new species of Chetrurus,
Acidaspis, Harpes, Ampyx, Proétus, and Atrypa). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xliv. pp. 654-732, and.pl. xvi; abstract in Geol. Mag. (3) vol. v. pp. 327-
328; Phil. Mag., June (5), vol. xxv. pp. 519-520; Nature, May 31st, vol.
xxxvil. p. 118; Ann. and Mag. N. H., July 1888, 6th Series, vol. ii. p. 117.
P. H. MaRkow. Isle of Man.
A Geological Ramble in the Isle of Man [raised beach at Carrickey Bay
alluded to, also conglomerate at Poolvash Bay, the so-called Poolvash marble,
Silurian schists and metamorphism, the Foxdale lead mines, etc.]. Trans.
Liverpool Geol. Assoc., 1886-7, vol. xiv. pp. 56-62.
W. MAWER., Lincolnshire and Cumberland.
Primer of Micro-Petrology [note on large boulder of an ophitic rock (dolerite)
known as the ‘Blue Stone,’ at Louth, with figure of a microscopic slice ;
pp. 67 and 12; also figure of chiastolite-slate from Skiddaw ; p. 52.]. 70 pp.,
12mo., London, no date [1888].
CHARLES E, MILEs. Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Mersey Estuary (Abstract) [assumes that at the close of the glacial period,
when the river would be much shallower and extending further out to sea,
the mouth would, by tidal or other action become barred by sand or clay;
this would give rise to a lake, which slowly filling up by deposits of blue clay
arising from denuded boulder clay brought down by the river, would produce
marshy ground and subsequent peat ; in the course of time the erosion of the
sea would form the present estuary]. Trans. Liverpool Geol. Assoc., vol. vii.
1886-7, pp. 85-89.
T. CARTER MITCHELL. Yorkshire.
The Cundall Boulder [details of a boulder at Cundall, near Boroughbridge ;
Shap Granite]. Naturalist, Nov. 1888, p. 348.
ROBERT MORTIMER. York E.
The Youlthorpe Boulder [details of a boulder at Youlthorpe, between Bishop
Wilton and Stamford Bridge; a very ‘quartzose sandstone]. Naturalist,
Nov. 1888, p. 348.
G. H. Morton. North of England generally.
Early Life on the Earth [references to earliest species of Foraminifera
recorded ; Saccammina carteri occurs in the Lower and Upper Bernicean of
Northumberland ; Arachnida—species are recorded from the Coal Measures
May 1890.
134 BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEZONTOLOGY, 1888.
of Lancashire; Insecta—two wings of an Orthopterous insect, Protophas-
midee, from the Ravenhead Beds, Middle Coal Measures, are in the Liverpool
Free Museum ; Polyzoa—represented in the Coniston Limestone by Fezestel/a
assimilis and Ptilodictya ; Gasteropoda—KRhaphistoma sp. occurs at Skiddaw ;
Cephalopoda— Orthoceras vagans in the Coniston Limestone at the top of
Skelgill ; Amphibia—the earliest occur in the Coal Measures, and belong to
the Labyrinthodonta (see Mr. Atthey’s collection in the Museum of the Nat.
Hist. Soc. of Northumberland at Newcastle-on-Tyne) ; Reptilia—the earliest
belong to the Lacertilia, and occur in the Permian ; there are two species,
Protosaurus spencer? and P. huxleyt from Durham]. Proc. Liverpool Geol.
Soc., vol. v. part 3, 1887, pp. 209-241.
G. H. Morton. Lancashire.
The Microscopic Characters of the Millstone Grit of South-West
Lancashire [at Knowsley Park, Grimshaw Delph near Wigan, and Parbold :
the grit is mainly of quartz-grains, with some reddish orthoclase and a little
mica]. Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., 1887, vol. v. pp. 280-283.
G. H. Morton. Lancashire.
Report of Field Meeting at Eastham [describing the Lower Bunter as
there seen]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1887, vol. v. p. 291.
G. H. Morton. Cheshire.
Stanlow, Ince, and Frodsham Marshes [the south coast of the estuary of
the Mersey between Ellesmere Port and the river Weaver is bounded by
a marsh, which is divided at Ince by a promontory of the Lower Pebble Beds,
and there is an outlier of the same rock at Stanlow Point ; a section of the
beds about one hundred yards W. of Ince Lighthouse given]. Proc. Liverpool
Geol. Soc., vol. v. part 4, 1888, pp. 349-352.
G. H. Morron. Lancashire.
Local Historical, Post-Glacial, and Pre-Glacial Geology [a Presidential
Address on the recent geology of Liverpool]. Proc. Liverpool. Geol. Soc.,
1888, vol. v. pp. 303-334-
E. T. NEWTON. York N.E.
On the Skull, Brain, and Auditory Organ of a new species of Pterosaurian
(Scaphognathus purdon?) from the Upper Lias near Whitby, Yorkshire
[exceptionally perfect specimen]. Phil. Trans., clxxix. 503-537, plates 77, 78.
THOs. PARKINSON. Yorkshire.
Reports upon Boulders near Northallerton [details are given of the
following boulders :—Thornton-le-Beans, near Northallerton—Shap Granite ;
Thornton-le-Moors, near Northallerton—three boulders of Granite, coarse
Dolerite or Gabbro, and closely-grained Trap or highly-altered fine Ash ;
North Otterington—Granite]. Nat., Nov. 1888, pp. 344-345.
Joun H. PHILLips. York N.E.
Notes on Shap Granite Boulders at Scarborough [a number of erratic
blocks collected in the neighbourhood of Scarborough noted—Shap Granite],
Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 23.
Sir JAMES PICTON. Lancashire.
Notes on the Local Historical Changes in the Surface of the Land in
and about Liverpool [report only]. Research, Dec. 1888, vol. i. p. 97.
H. M. PLATNAUER. Yorkshire.
Reports upon Boulders in the Grounds of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, York [details of sixteen boulders obtained from the Boulder Clay
that was dug out when the York New Station was built, and now placed in
the Museum Grounds ; Shap Granite, Mountain Limestone, Oolitic Limestone,
Lithostrotion, greenish-grey Trap, etc.]. Naturalist, Nov. 1888, pp. 344-345.
H. M. PLATNAUER. Yorkshire.
Note on some Crystals of Celestine [from the bed of the Nidd at Knares-
borough]. Annual Report Yorks. Phil. Soc. for 1887, p. 34.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888. 135
H. M. PLATNAUER. York S.E.
Note on Hybodus obtusus Ag. [spines from Corallian of Malton district
described and figured]. Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. for 1887, pp. 35-36, pl. 1.
C. POTTER. Cheshire.
On the Sand-dunes of the Cheshire Coast (Abstract) [the several charac-
teristics of the New Red Sandstone of the district alluded to; by noting
what actually occurs amongst the sand-dunes, and observing the phenomena
presented by blown sand, he concluded that similar results occurred during
the formation of the Triassic sandstone; the vegetation of the blown sand
greatly instrumental in the building up and together the drifting loose
material ; the theories to account for the almost total absence of fossils in the
Trias examined]. Trans. Liverpool Geol. Assoc. 1886-7, vol. vii. pp. 28-33.
T. MELLARD READE. Cheshire.
Report of field-meeting at Hilbre Island [relations between Bunter and
Keuper well exhibited]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v. pp. 389-390.
T. MELLARD READE. Lancashire.
Notes on a bed of Fresh Water Shells and a chipped flint lately found at
the Alt Mouth [the shells including Zemncea peregra, Cyclas cornea, and
Planorbis spirorbts|. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1886, vol. v. pp. 137-139.
T. MELLARD READE, Lancashire
Notes on a large Boulder found in driving a Sewer Heading in Oxford
Street, Manchester [giving dimensions and manner of occurrence of the
boulder 9 ft. 6 in. long, now in the grounds of Owens College, with a note by
Professor Judd describing the rock as an altered andesite doubtless from the
Lake district]. Proc. Liverp. Geol: Soc., Session 1887-8, pp. 12-14.
T. MELLARD READE. Lancashire and Cheshire.
An Estimate of Post-Glacial Time [from an examination of the denudation
of the Boulder-Clay on the Lancashire and Cheshire coasts and the sequence
of more recent deposits, the author places the close of the Glacial Period not
less than 57,500 years ago.] Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xliv. pp.
291-299; Abstr. in Proc. Geol. Soc., Feb. 29th, 1888; Nature, vol. xxxvii.
pp- 478-479 ; Geol. Mag. April, dec. iii. vol. v. pp. 180-181; Phil. Mag
April (5), vol. xxv. pp. 319-320 ; Nature, March 15th, vol. xxxvil. pp. 478-479.
CLEMENT REID. York S.E.
Notes on the Geological History of the Recent Flora of Britain [with
mention of Setu/a nana from submerged forests at Bridlington and Holmpton,
Prunus padus and Alnus glutZnosa (cones) from the post-glacial beds of
Hornsea and Sand-le-meer, Covy/us avellana (nuts) from the latter place, and
Phragmites communts (panicles) in post-glacial peaty bed at Kelsey Hill].
Annals of Botany, 1888, vol. ii. pp. 179-199.
OsBORNE REYNOLDs. Lancashire and Cheshire.
On Certain Laws relating to the Régime of Rivers and Estuaries,
and on the Possibility of Experiments on a small scale [treats the
case of the Mersey inner estuary as illustrating the manner in which the con-
figuration of the shore-line determines the banks and channels; the author
has made a working model]. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887, pp. 555-562.
L. RICHARDSON. Cumberland.
The Ascent of Cross Fell [noting swallow-holes near the limestone outcrop,
fluor-spar at the lead-mines, etc.]. Nat. Hist. Journ., vol. xii. pp. 13-14.
C. RICKETTs. Westmorland and York W
The Base of the Carboniferous Limestone [describing its nature at Kirkby
Lonsdale and at Shap Wells (where the conglomerate contains fragments of the
Shap Granite) ; also near Ingleborough]. Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., 1887,
vol. v. pp. 262-271.
C. RICKETTs. Lancashire.
Report of Excursion along the Mersey Tunnel Extension and Wirral
Railway [noting sands imbedded in the Boulder-clay]. Proc. Liverpool
Geol. Soc., 1887, vol. v. pp. 388, 389.
May 18g0.
136 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1888.
C. RicKETTs [conductor of excursion]. Cheshire.
Liverpool Geological Association [at Flaybrick Hill, Birkenhead, June 11th,
1888]. Research, July 1888, p. 15.
H. G. SEELEY. York N.E.
On the Mode of Development of the Young in Plesiosaurus [describes
foetal plesiosaurs from the Lias of Whitby]. Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1887, 697, 698.
A. C, SEWARD. Lancashire.
Woodwardian Museum Notes. On Calamites undulatus (Sternb.) [from
Coal-measures near Wigan ; the specimen supports the view that the undu-
lating character of the ribs on which the species is founded is due merely to
pressure]. Geol. Mag., July 1888, (3), vol. v. pp. 289-291 and plate ix.
A. C. SEWARD. Yorkshire.
Woodwardian Museum Notes. On a Specimen of Cyclopteris (Brong-
niart) [a large specimen from the Upper Coal-measures of Brierly Common].
Geol. Mag., August 1888, dec. iii. vol. v. pp. 344-347.
THEODORE SINGTON. Lancashire.
On the recently disclosed Sections of the Superficial Strata along
Oxford Street, Manchester [detailed sections obtained during the con-
struction of a sewer along Oxford Street, Manchester, from the river Medlock
to High Street, at a depth of about 30 ft.]. Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc.,
vol. xix. Part 20, pp. 603-606, with section.
J. SPENCER. York S.W.
On the occurrence of a Boulder of Granitoid Gneiss or Gneissoid Granite
in the Halifax Hard Bed Coal [this boulder found in Hard Bed Coal,
Shibden Head Pit, near Halifax ; it is of a greyish colour, about four inches
in length by about two and.a half square; the angles have been worn off, and
the faces polished and striated transversely: this most probably due to
slickensiding ; Prof. Bonney has examined a section of it, and says: ‘It is
one of unusual interest; it is not a quartzite, but a granitoid gneiss or
gneissoid granite, probably derived from some mass of Pre-Cambrian age.’
The conditions attending the deposition of the strata enclosing the coal-seam
in which it occurred are added, and also the general character of the strata,
and the direction from whence they appear to have come. The author, in
conclusion, says it is reasonable to attribute the transportation of such boulders
to drifting and tangled masses of vegetable matter rather than to ice].
Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., vol. xi. part I, pp. 96-100.
J. SPENCER. Lancashire.
Evidence of Ice-Action in Carboniferous Times [abstract only ; the author
ascribes to floating ice certain striations in the Haslingden Flag-rock and at
a similar horizon near Rochdale]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xliv (Pro-
ceedings), pp. 93, 94.
W. SQUIRE. Durham, etc.
The Sulphur Springs of Great Britain and their Therapeutic Action
[giving particulars of these springs, and especially of Dinsdale-on-Tees, with
a brief notice of the geological conditions of this place]. Lancet, Aug. 4th,
1888, vol. il. pp. 201-203.
M. STIRRUP. Lancashire.
Foreign Boulders in Coal Seams [an exhaustive description of various
boulders found in coal-seams of Lancashire collieries from 1851 downwards ;
classification of several by Prof. Bonney included; in discussion, Mr. J.
Dickinson, F.G.S. (the President), believes them ‘to be simply freaks of
nature, assuming the form which it has been assigned for such matter to take;
he would no more expect to find a boulder in the middle of a coal seam than
in the middle of a cocoa-nut.’ The large boulders from the Astley Pit at
Dukenfield are quartzites ; the large one from the Old Meadows Pit is granite ;
another a dark gray quartz felsite, etc., etc.]. Proc. Manch. Geol. Soc.,
vol, xix. Part 16, pp. 405-428, with sections and sketches of boulders.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY, 1888. 137
M. STIRRUP. Lancashire.
On Foreign Boulders in Coal Seams [records numerous cases in Lancashire
collieries]. ep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887, pp. 686-688.
A. STRAHAN. Westmorland, West Yorkshire, and Lancashire.
The Geology of the Country around Kendal, Sedbergh, Bowness, and
Tebay, by W. T. Aveline and T. McK. Hughes, 2nd ed. Mem. Geol.
Surv. England and Wales (explanation of Quarter-sheet 98 N. FE.) {chap. i.
describes the physical geology of the district ; ii. the Lower Palaeozoic rocks ;
iii, the Carboniferous system; iv. the Shap granite and igneous dykes; and
y. the Glacial and other superficial deposits ; an appendix gives lists of the
fossils, including a table by Prof. Lapworth showing the distribution of the
Graptolites]. 8vo, 94 pp. and iii. plates, London, 1888.
R. A. SUMMERFIELD. Yorkshire.
Boulders at North Stainley, near Ripon [details of a large Carbonilerous
gritstone boulder at North Stainley, and notes upon others in the district].
Naturalist, Nov. 1888, p. 345.
A. NoRMAN TATE. Yorkshire.
Scientific Aspects of Health Resorts. No. 1. Harrogate [the special
geological features of this district briefly reviewed, with a diagrammatic
section through the Harrogate anticlinal from Saltergate Hill to Plumpton
Rocks given; notice and views of Brimham Rocks added]. Research,
July 1888, pp. 5-7 and illustrations.
A. NORMAN TATE. Derbyshire.
On the Colouring Matter of the Mineral ‘Blue John ’ [ascribing the purple
colour of this fluor-spar to organic matter, though a minute quantity of iron
is also present]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1888, vol. v. pp. 384-385.
ealekts PRA. Northern Counties in general.
British Petrography: a Description of the Ordinary Rocks of the
British Isles [the early parts of this work were noticed in the Bibliography
for 1886 ; the whole volume is now issued, and forms a most useful addition
to the literature of the subject ; the North-Country rocks figured include,
besides those already noted, Andesitic Dolerite of Preston (xxx), Quartz-felsite
of Ridlees Burn (xxxi), Mica-trap of Swindale Beck (xxxii), Chiastolite Slate
of Skiddaw (xxxiii), Biotite-Granite of Shap (xxxv), Enstatite-Augite- Andesite
(xxxvi) and Enstatite-Porphyrite (xxxvii) of the Cheviots, Perlitic Felsite of
Long Sleddale (xxxviii), and Augite-Granite of Cheviots (xxxix)]. vii and
469 pp. and xlvii plates, roy. 8vo. London, 1888.
O. TORELL. York S. and Lincolnshire.
On the Extension of the Scandinavian Ice to Eastern England in the
Glacial Period [the ice-stream from southern Scandinavia crossed the North
Sea to Holderness and Lincolnshire ; the ‘ Rhombenporphyr’ of Christiania
has been found at Grimsby, and the syenite of Fredriksvarn in Holderness].
Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887, pp. 723-7243 abstract in ‘ Nature,’ vol. xxxvi.
p- 573, 1888.
R. H. TRAQUAIR. Derbyshire and Lancashire.
New Palzoniscide from the English Coal-Measures [the new species
described include Elonichthys binneyi from Stanton, Derbyshire; had?-
nichthys planti from Colleyhurst, near Manchester, and Burnley, and Acrolepis
wilsoni from the Yoredale shales of Turnditch near Belper]. Geol. Mag.,
1888 dec. iii. vol. v. pp. 251-254.
W. A. E. Ussuer, A. J. JUKES-BROWNE, and A, STRAHAN. Lincolnshire.
The Geology of the Country around Lincoln, Mem. Geol. Surv. England
and Wales (explanation of Sheet 83) [notes on the Carboniferous, Permian,
and Trias are given by Mr. W. H. Dalton; succeeding chapters describe the
Rhaetic rocks near Gainsborough; the Lower, Middle, and Upper Lias,
May 1890.
138 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY, 1888.
the Lower, Middle, and Upper Oolites, the Lower Cretaceous (* Neocomian’)
and Upper Cretaceous, and the Glacial and Post-Glacial deposits ; appendices
give tables of fossils, particulars of borings and of the mineral springs of
Woodhall Spa]. 8vo, 218 pp., London, 1888 ; Reviewed in Geol. Mag.,
December 1888, dec. iii. vol. v. pp. 571, 572.
W.¥. VEMEH. York N.E.
The Saltburn Boulder [details of the above boulder are given; Shap Fell
Granite]. Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 346.
G. R. VINE. Yorkshire.
A Monograph of Yorkshire Carboniferous and Permian Polyzoa, Part 1
[1, Introduction; 2, Bibliographical References; 3. Terminology. Cystodictya
parallela and C. rarzscosta, and Gontocladia cellulifera ; generic and specific
characters given, with their distribution, followed by details of their minute
structure]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., vol. xi. part 1, pp. 68-85, with
two plates.
J. F. WALKER. York S.E.
On the Occurrence of Terebratula Gesneri in Yorkshire [specimens of
this rare brachiopod in Malton Museum from Coral Rag of North Grimston ;
figures given]. Annual Report Yorks. Phil. Soc. for 1887, pp. 33, 34-
T. WaRD. Cheshire.
The History and Cause of the Subsidences at Northwich and its
Neighbourhood, in the Salt District of Cheshire [the abstraction of the
salt in solution by pumping leaves cavities]. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887,
pp- 713, 714; Nature, 1887, vol. xxxvi. p. 572.
ARTHUR WATTS. Durham.
A Boulder at Seaham Harbour [details of a boulder in the grounds of
Hawthorne Tower, Seaham Harbour; Encrinital Carboniferous Limestone].
Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 348.
WILLIAM Warts, Lancashire and West Yorkshire.
Distribution of Erratics and Boulder Clay on the lower portions of the
Drainage Areas of the Oldham Corporation Waterworks [the Strines-
dale, Piethorn, Denshaw, and Castleshaw valleys described, with list of forty
named erratics found on these drainage areas]. Trans. Manchester Geol.
Assoc., vol. xix. Part 20, pp. 584-598.
Jas. WILDING. Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Use and Abuse of Stone in Building (Abstract) [the Triassic Sandstones
of Runcorn, Woolton, Everton, and Storeton briefly alluded to in eulogistic
terms]. Trans. Liverpool Geol. Assoc., vol. vil. 1886-7, pp. 90-91.
W. C. WILLIAMSON. York S.W.
Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor W. C. Williamson and
Mr. Cash, for the purpose of investigating the Carboniferous Flora of
Halifax and its neighbourhood [the most important result for the year is
the identification of the fruit of Calamites]. Report Brit. Assoc. for 1887,
pp- 235-236.
W. C. WILLIAMSON. Lancashire and York S.W.
The Fossil Trees of the Coal Measures [an address upon Stigmarix, with
particular reference to the Clayton Fossil Tree now in the Museum of Owens
College, Manchester]. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., vol. xix. Parts 14 and 15,
pp. 382-388.
H. A. WooDWARD. Lancashire.
Boulders in Coal Seams [brief note on three boulders found in the Trencher-
bone Mine, Newtown Collieries]. Proc. Manch. Geol. Soc. vol. xix. part 18,
p. 488.
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION.
28th ANNUAL REPORT, for 1889.
Your Executive, in presenting the 28th Annual Report and State-
ments of Accounts, have to pass in review a year of successful work,
whether as regards the interest maintained in the Excursions, the
value of the publications, or the amount of work achieved by the
various Committees appointed for special research.
The Meetings which have been held during the year have
been five in number, one in each division of the county, the places
and dates having been as follows :—
Huddersfield for Holmfirth Valley, Whit-Monday, June toth.
Robin Hood’s Bay and the Peak, Friday, June 21st.
Harrogate for Plumpton and Rudding Parks, Saturday, July 13th.
Upper Teesdale, Saturday to Bank Holiday Monday, August 3rd to 5th.
Malton for Kirkham Abbey and Acklam Brow, Wednesday, September 4th.
For each of these meetings the usual descriptive circular, which is
so conducive to the convenience of members and associates under-
taking the day’s explorations, was issued, and at all the meetings
good results were achieved.
The opening meeting, arranged for Whit-Monday, at Hudders-
field, was well attended, notwithstanding the threatening aspect of
the weather. The country chosen for investigation was the millstone
grit district lying S.W. of Holmfirth, including the Holme Valley,
Bilberry Reservoir, Ramsden Edge and Harden Moss. The meeting
was held at Huddersfield, Mr. Chas. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., President
of the Botanical Section, being in the chair.
It will be remembered that the excursion which was planned last
year (1888) for visiting the Peak or South Cheek of Robin Hood’s
Bay, was but poorly attended, owing to the incessant rain. It was
therefore arranged that the same ground should be again visited, and
the second excursion of this year took place there, on the 21st of
June, when there was a large attendance, attracted partly by the fine
weather and beautiful scenery, partly by the fact that the excursion
was under the leadership of a distinguished ex-president of the Union,
Mr. W. H. Hudleston, F.R.S. The Marine Zoology Committee
were able on this occasion to do good work by means of a steam
launch and trawl, which was kindly placed at their disposal by
Major Woodall. The general meeting was held at Whitby, under
the chairmanship of the Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., President of the
Geological Section.
May 1890.
140 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL REPORT.
The third excursion was held at Harrogate, on Saturday, the
13th of July, for the investigation of the Crimple Valley, Rudding and
Plumpton Parks, and the geological exploration of Hampsthwaite and
Clint. At the general meeting the chair was successively occupied
by Mr. Thomas Bunker, President of the Vertebrate Section, and
Rev. R. A. Summerfield, B.A.
A departure from the usual practice of the Union was made in
the case of the fourth excursion, when the meeting which was held
at the High Force Inn, on Bank Holiday Monday, the 5th of August,
was preceded by a three-days’ excursion commencing on the Saturday
previous, for the investigation of the south or Yorkshire bank of the
Tees from Middleton up to the junction with Maize Beck. At
the meeting, which was attended by about forty members, the
chair was occupied by the President of the Union, Mr. H. E.
Dresser, F.L.S., who on this occasion made his first acquaintance
with the Union and its members.
The excursion programme was brought to a successful termination
on Wednesday, the 4th of September, when a visit was paid to the
lovely valley of the Derwent at Kirkham Abbey and Howsham
Woods, the geologists examining the N.W. escarpment of the wolds
at Acklam Brow. ‘The meeting was held at Malton, the chair being
occupied by the Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., President of the Concho-
logical Section.
On all these occasions the Union has been indebted to the kind-
ness which the land-owners of Yorkshire have always been so ready
to manifest in facilitating research on their estates ; and the facilities
which the various railway companies which run on Yorkshire soil
have granted, have contributed their share to promoting the success
of the Union’s investigations.
The Societies which constitute the Union are now forty in
number, as against thirty-eight last year, the loss of two—the
Ripponden Society, which has ceased to exist, and the Bradford
Microscopical Society, now amalgamated with the Bradford
Naturalists’ Society—being more than counterbalanced by the
accession of four Societies, three of them (Pocklington Literary and
Philosophical Society, Purlwell Field Club, and Yeadon Geological
Society) being newly-founded organisations, and the fourth (Hud-
dersfield Naturalists’ Society), the veteran society which took a
leading part in the original foundation of the Union twenty-eight
years ago, and which it is a pleasure again to enrol on the list.
The statistics with which the secretaries of the different Societies
are good enough to furnish the Union from year to year show a con-
siderable increase in the number of Associates, the total membership
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL REPORT. 14I
of the 40 Societies being now 2,517, or an increase of 408. ‘This,
with the number of direct members added, makes the total numerical
strength of the Union amount to about 2,925.
The Membership now stands at 410, an increase of 35 on the
previous year. During the year 60 new members have been elected,
and in this connection the Union has been much indebted to several
of its Hon. Local Treasurers and to other members for the successful
exercise of their influence with such of their friends as take interest
in natural history, or whose sympathies incline them to support the
work which the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union carries on. It will not
be invidious to mention here that the Union is especially indebted
to its old friend Mr. S. Chadwick, of Malton, who has been directly
instrumental in securing nearly half of the total number of new
members elected during the year.
The Financial Position of the Union has materially improved
during the year, owing to the unremitting and vigorous attention
which your Hon. Treasurer and the various Hon. Local Treasurers
have given to the collection of the very large amount of outstanding
arrears which was reported last year as resulting from the total
disablement of your Honorary Secretaries during the year 1888.
The persistent attention given to this matter has had the result that
not only have arrears been collected to the amount shown in the
balance-sheet, but the current year’s subscriptions have been collected
to an amount which has never been shown for a current year in any
previous balance-sheet. Much credit is due to the Hon. Local
Treasurers for the very considerable and valuable service which is
thus rendered by them to the Union. In several of the collecting
districts there are at present no arrears whatever outstanding, and it
is trusted that during the coming year this state of things may have
become the case in all the districts.
Much, however, depends upon the members themselves, who
can, by prompt payment of their contributions, do very much to
lighten the heavy burden which is always cast upon an hon. treasurer,
and in connection with this subject it is to be noted with satisfaction
that a considerable number of members have signed the form which
authorizes the payment of their subscriptions to the Union’s bankers
by their own bankers, a course which prevents subscriptions falling
into arrear, and which saves much trouble, not only to the honorary
officers of the Union, but to the members themselves.
It may be here noted that a little misunderstanding has existed
in the case of a few members (fortunately, not many) who have not
taken into consideration the absolute necessity of a definite and
written resignation being tendered by every member wishing to dis-
May 1890.
142 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL REPORT.
continue his subscription. It may be pointed out that members on
election sign a form in which they undertake to pay their subscriptions
‘until further notice,’ and that it is very needful, in order to obviate
all risk of misunderstanding, that such notice of withdrawal be in
writing, and forwarded direct to the Hon. Secretaries ; and it should
be further noted that any such notice expires at the end of the year
in which it is given. It hardly needs to be added that some such
arrangement be made, in order that the Union may be able to
discharge its own financial engagements entered into on the basis of
the subscriptions realising their nominal amount.
The Publications of the Union have been as in previous years.
The Transactions.-—Part 12 was issued in January last, and
Part 13 within the past few weeks, both consisting of sheets of the
re-issue of Mr. Bakers valuable work on ‘North Yorkshire: its
Geology, Climatology, and Botany,’ of the latter portion of which
the Natural Order Caryophyllacez has been reached.
The printers are proceeding with the sheets intended to form the
next instalment of ‘North Yorkshire,’ and the continuations of other
papers are in course of preparation by their respective authors.
Messrs. Clarke and Knubley are engaged upon the ‘ Birds of York-
shire’; Messrs. Nelson and Taylor upon the list of Yorkshire
Mollusca, and Rev. W. C. Hey upon that of Coleoptera—of all of
which sheets will be printed as soon as received from the authors.
The Library continues to increase by means of donations and
exchanges. ‘The necessity for increased accommodation which was
referred to in the last annual report, has been met during the year—
partly by the purchase of a new bookcase, but chiefly through the
kindness of the Committee of the Leeds Mechanics’ Institution,
a body to whom the Union has been indebted in so many ways in
the past, who have placed at the Union’s service a different room.
which affords much superior accommodation and greater convenience.
The consequent removal of books and other property has delayed
the completion of the administrative work upon which the Librarian
was engaged at the date of the last report.
The Sections of the Union have carefully carried on their
work during the year, and it is to their efficient working that the
success attending the excursions has been attributable.
Committees of Research.— This important feature of the
Union’s work has been further developed during the past year, by
the appointment of a new Committee, viz., on the Erosion of the
Yorkshire Coast.
The Boulder Committee has again accomplished a large amount
of valuable and highly-appreciated work, as shown by their Report,
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL REPORT. 143
which was published in full in ‘The Naturalist’ for October 1889,
and the great importance of what they have done has again been fully
and generously acknowledged at the British Association meeting.
‘The operations of the Marine Zoology Committee have been
mainly confined to a couple of dredging expeditions, the first on the
occasion of the Union excursion to Robin Hood’s Bay, the second
in co-operation with members of the Leeds Naturalists’ Club. On
both occasions numerous specimens were obtained, some of which
remain to be submitted to specialists. Some difficulty was experienced
from the want of proper dredging appliances, without which it is
impossible to obtain many of the smaller organisms, and the Com-
mittee consider it very desirable that such apparatus be procured
in view of next season’s work. ‘The report has already appeared
in ‘The Naturalist.’
The Fossil Flora Committee has prepared the first portion of a
report on their subject from the pens of Mr. William Cash and
Mr. Robert Kidston, which your Executive hope shortly to publish.
The Coast Erosion Committee have had careful measurements
at certain points on the coast made for future reference, beyond
which their inquiries have not been as yet extended.
Proposals will be brought forward at the present meeting for the
appointment of three additional Committees, to deal with important
subjects upon which the British Association has this year decided to
take action, and in which it is highly desirable that all local Societies
should co-operate.
One of these is to be for investigating the causes of the
Disappearance of Native Plants, and a second for collecting and
recording Geological Photographs of Yorkshire sections. The third
committee is for the investigation of the Invertebrate Fauna and
Cryptogamic Flora (microscopic forms of life) of the fresh waters
of the county, and your Executive recommend that the existing
Section G (Micro-Zoology and Micro-Botany) be converted into such
committee. It is manifestly impossible for work on such a subject
to be carried on and reported upon at the meeting in the same
manner as the work of the other sections of the Union.
British Association.—The Union has again been selected as
one of the Corresponding Societies of the British Association, and
was represented at the Newcastle meeting of the Association by the
Rev. E. P. Knubley, M.A., whose detailed report was published in
‘The Naturalist’ for November 1889.
The next meeting of the Association is to be held at Leeds in
September next, when it is hoped that all Yorkshire naturalists will
do what lies in their power to make it a thorough scientific success.
May 18g0.
144 NOTES AND NEWS.
New Members of General Committee. —Your Executive
recommend that Mr. R. Barnes of Saltburn, Mr. Godfrey Bingley
of Leeds, Mr. James Booth, Mayor of Halifax, Mr. Frederick
Brittain of Sheffield, Mr.. Riley Fortune of Harrogate, Mr. John
Gerrard of Wakefield, Mr. Hugh Richardson of Sedbergh, Mr. Henry
Speight of Bradford, Dr. F. J. Sawdon of Hull, and Mr. Thos. F.
Ward of Middlesbrough, be the ten additional permanent members
of the General Committee for this year.
Your Executive have again considered the desirability of the
members having a direct voice in the choice of representatives on
the General Committee, and they hereby recommend that in future
the ten additions made annually to the list of permanent members
be made by vote of the members, the voting to be by written com-
munications forwarded to the Hon. Secretaries, and afterwards
examined and reported upon by scrutineers to be appointed by the
General Committee at the Annual Meeting.
The Presidency.-—In conclusion, your Executive have to
announce that the office of President has been accepted by the
Right Rev. Wm. Walsham-How, Lord Bishop of Wakefield—
a naturalist of old standing, who in years gone by was successively
the founder, hon. secretary, and president of the Oswestry Field
Club, one of the most successful of the Field Clubs of the West of
England.
Your Executive have further to express their warm sense of grati-
tude to the retiring President, Mr. H. Eeles Dresser, for the honour
which he has conferred upon the Union by his tenure of the office.
NOTES AND NEWS.
The Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland have issued an
important circular, announcing the formation of a Committee of Aid in conducting
Anthropological and Archzeological Explorations. In carrying out the Ancient
Monuments Act of 1882, it has been noticed that, whilst, owing to the public
feeling enlisted in their fayour, comparatively little damage is being done to
ancient monuments as defined by the Act, a large amount of valuable information
is constantly lost by the destruction of ancient relics, in the course of agricultural,
mining, and other operations which the Act of Parliament is powerless to prevent.
Attention is also drawn to the unsatisfactory way in which many archeological
investigations are conducted, and the absence of any systematic method of recording
the measurements of human skeletons, the absence of any uniform system of
measurement, the absence of any systematic measurement of the bones of animals,
the neglect of valuable.evidence owing to the explorers not knowing what to.
observe and record. It is thought that landowners might be induced to undertake
explorations upon their own property, if a Committee were formed to which they
could refer for information as to the proper method of conducting them. The
Council of the Institute have nominated therefore Lieut.-General A. Pitt Rivers
President, Prof. W. Flower, J. G. Garson, A. L. Lewis, F. G. Hilton Price, and
C. H. Read, as such Committee, and their functions are defined in the circular.
Explorers desiring the assistance of the Committee can address the President at
Rushmore, Salisbury, or 4, Grosvenor Gardens, London.
Naturalist,
145
THE CONNEXION
BETWIXT YORKSHIRE AND SCANDINAVIA.
J. E. MARR, M.A., Sec. G.S.,
St. John's College, Cambridge.
Iv is of interest to trace back the influence of Scandinavia upon
this country from historic into pre-historic times, and so backwards
into remote ages. To this influence, exerted again and again in
past times, are due not only many of the characters of the county
itself, but also to some extent the temperament of its inhabitants,
whether acquired from direct intercourse with the Scandinavian
peoples, or developed in conformity with the physical surroundings.
As is well known, the influence of the Scandinavians in historic
times is testified to by the abundance of ‘wykes,’ ‘bys,’ and ‘thorpes,’
along the coast or situated in the interior of the county, whilst pre-
historic relics yield evidence of communication between the two
countries, during the Neolithic or ‘polished stone’ age. ‘To give
one instance, the remarkable ripple-flaked stone tools found so
abundantly in Denmark occur also in Yorkshire, and in no other
English county.
Prior to this, in the Great Ice Age, when nearly every part of our
island was covered with an icy mantle descending from the highlands
of our own country, the east coast of Yorkshire was subjected to the
invasion of ice from Scandinavia, as shown by the occurrence of
Scandinavian boulders in the Glacial Clays of the coast region,
and after the recession of the ice, the district, subject to a sub-glacial
climate, was occupied by plants similar to those of Norway and
other mountain regions, which still maintain an existence in the
hilly district of the West Riding, where they are accompanied by
certain Scandinavian insects.
During the formation of the Chalk and Oolitic rocks, the site of
the county was occupied by a sea, spreading over a large part of what
is now north-central Europe, and doubtless at this period much
of the material which was spread out upon the sea-floor was derived
from the wearing away of the great continental tract, of which
mention will be presently made. These secondary rocks, when last
seen, are striking over the North Sea, and we get fragmentary repre-
sentatives of both Chalk and Oolites in Scania, the most southerly
province of Sweden.
When we pass to an examination of the paleozoic sediments,
the influence of this great continental area, of which Scandinavia
May 1890. K
146 MARR: YORKSHIRE AND SCANDINAVIA.
remains as a fragment, becomes most marked. Lower Palzozoic
and earlier rocks form a large part of Scandinavia and Scotland, and
the recent researches of Prof. Lapworth and the Geological Surveyors
have given us much insight into the constitution of this old land,
fashioned in I.ower Paleozoic times by the development of a set
of crust-wrinklings having a general N.E.—S.W. trend, which gave
rise to a highland region running from Northern Russia, through
Sweden and Norway, Scotland, and North Ireland, to the site of
the present Atlantic Ocean. Sufficient remains of this old region
to give us some notion of its original character, for the plications of
the rocks and the nature of the metamorphism they have undergone
are such as are characteristic of mountain regions, of which repeated
and long-continued erosions have left us the basal wreck. That
much of this eroded material was washed over the site of Yorkshire
was long ago suggested by Dr. Sorby, from an examination of the
coarser sediments of the Carboniferous system, and there is no
doubt that that great rock-group to which Yorkshire owes so much
of its prosperity, and the older portions of which have originated
scenery unrivalled of its kind, has been derived from the partial
destruction of the old highland region developed by the crust-
movements, which gave rise to what is now generally spoken of as
the Scandinavian system of folds.
But not only did these movements furnish us with a source of
supply of material for the formation of the massive Carboniferous
rocks of the county, but the very site of the county was occupied
by a similar set of rocks, folded also in Lower Paleozoic times,
though not to such an extent as the rocks of more northern regions,
and planed down at the end of Lower Palzozoic times to form
a nearly even sea-floor, upon which the Carboniferous strata were
deposited.
This floor may be looked upon as the very foundation of
Yorkshire, and it is only brought to lhght where profound dis-
turbances have elevated a tract of country far above the level of
surrounding regions.
It is well known that the beautiful Mountain Limestone district
in the neighbourhood of Ingleton consists of gently-sloping beds of
limestone forming parallel scars, the whole lying evenly upon
a planed floor of greatly-folded slate-rocks, which occupy the lower
portions of the valleys of Ingleton, Clapham, Austwick, Settle, and
Malham.
An examination of these slate-rocks, which appertain to the
Ordovician and Silurian systems brings to light some Scandinavian
affinities, for although at the time of their formation, north-western
Naturalist,
MARR: YORKSHIRE AND SCANDINAVIA. 147
Europe was largely occupied by a great ocean tract, the deposits
formed therein varied considerably in different regions. These
Yorkshire deposits are of interest as forming to some extent a
connecting link between the slate-rocks of the Lake district and the
ancient silts of Scandinavia. ‘The oldest rocks visible are the green
slates of Ingleton, no doubt largely derived from the destruction of
some volcanic tract such as occurred about the time of their formation
in the adjoining Lake country area. Resting upon them are some
calcareous shales, forming the top of the Ordovician system, and
undoubtedly equivalent to the more calcareous strata known further
west as the Coniston Limestone, but having affinity also with the
more clayey Zrinucleus shales of Sweden. It is interesting to find
an old acid lava at Wharfe Mill Dam near Austwick, for great
masses of such lavas were poured out in the region of the Lakes
and in North Wales at this time, and the equivalent shales of the
island of Bornholm contain some ashy bands. ‘The characteristic
Trinucleus of these shales in Sweden occurs in abundance at Norber
near Settle, where it is accompanied by a beautiful and rare trilobite
of the genus Dindymene, which is also found in Sweden.
Of recent years, the study of the remarkable sea-pens known as
graptolites has led to their utilisation as a means of correlation of
these early sediments and we find at Norber the form Ducellograptus
anceps which occurs in beds of this age in Sweden.
The Silurian rocks of Yorkshire are of Llandovery, Wenlock and
Ludlow ages. ‘To the former age is assignable the Phaeops elegans
limestone, containing a trilobite characteristic of the equivalent beds
in Norway where it was first described, whilst, in the Sedbergh area,
we find a group of graptolitic shales of this age with the genera
Monograptus, Rastrites, Dimorphograptus and other forms marking
this horizon over a large part of Europe.
To the Wenlock beds belong the flags of the Wharfe Valley,
containing Monograptus priodon, and Ketiolites getnitzianus also
found very widely distributed.
Above these are grits, to some subordinate shales of which the
remarkable Moughton whetstones are probably referable. They
contain Monograptus nilssont and M. dubius found on the same
horizon in Scandinavia and marking the base of the Ludlow series.
They are succeeded by the flags of the great quarries of Ribblesdale
with Monograptus colonus, M. remert and M. bohemicus, above
which are some grits also referable to the Lower Ludlow, and
forming the highest Silurian rocks of this area, though still higher
beds, the Bannisdale slates occur near Sedbergh and equivalents of
the Upper Ludlow are found immediately west of the Lune.
May 1890.
148 NESTING OF CIRL BUNTING IN YORKSHIRE.
It will be gathered from the preceding remarks that the plicated
rocks of the old Yorkshire floor give us the first indications of that
connexion with Scandinavia, which has been more or less marked
ever since. I have dwelt specially upon the development of these
rocks, because although, thanks to the energy of Yorkshire geologists,
a great part of the geology of the county has been very fully
elucidated, this early chapter is not yet fully written, and I would
recommend those who love fine scenery, country inns whose comfort
has not yet been entirely destroyed by the rush of the destructive
tourist-wave, and physical geology which is unrivalled by that of
any other district of our island, to complete our knowledge of these
ancient rocks. The fossiliferous Ordovician rocks of Norber and of
the Sedbergh district will, doubtless, yield many rare forms to further
search, and the Silurian slates will furnish a rich harvest, in addition
to that which has been hitherto reaped from them.
Finally, the explorer of this delightful region will not enter upon
an undescribed district, but will find in Messrs. Davis and Lees’
work upon West Yorkshire an admirable description of the geology
of the district.
NOTE—ORNITHOLOG Y.
Nesting of the Cirl Bunting in Yorkshire.—I have great pleasure in
calling attention to the nesting of the Cirl Bunting in Yorkshire. This bird seems
to have been overlooked by ornithologists. It may have increased its numbers
and spread northward since its discovery in this country by Montagu. Having
looked over the family of the Buntings in a new ornithological work by
Mr. Howard Saunders, I find that the Cirl Bunting (22der?2a cirlis) has by chance
been obtained in Norfolk, the Midland Counties, and it is said to be of accidental
occurrence in Yorkshire. If so, I must say that it is for want of closer observation.
At Lofthouse, about the middle of May, 1882, hearing the song of a Bunting
which drew my attention by its being peculiar, I soon found out that, its song was
different, both in tone and variation, from either the Corn Bunting (2. w2zdzavza)
or the Yellowhammer (2Z. c7trinella). By the aid of the field-glass, the site was
discovered where the building operations were going on, and on May 3Ist,
I visited that site, and found the nest built in the fronds of a Lady Fern (Asplentum
filix-femina) about a yard from a hedge, and six inches from the ground,
containing three eggs. Again, on May 6th, 1889, at Low-Laithes-Lane, near
Flushdyke, Ossett, I had the opportunity of finding another containing four eggs,
built in a very thick bushy thorn, two feet from the ground, so well concealed
that had not the bird flown from its nest, it would not have been detected. Nest
not so slovenly built as its congener the Yellowhammer, but deeper, and more
cup-shaped, and rather more moss intermixed, lined with a good quantity of small
fibres, fine grasses, and hair. Eggs of a muddy pinkish-white, with blotches of a
dark chocolate colour, with a few hair-lines springing generally from the blotches.
I may say that the eggs have been seen and verified by Mr. Geo. Parkin of
Wakefield.—JoHN Warp, Pymont House, Lofthouse, March 21st, 1890.
The Cirl Bunting has been casually observed in Yorkshire from localities
between Doncaster in the south to Richmond in the north, and it is said to have
nested near Huddersfield. In the above communication we regret to observe that
no mention is made of the bird, the most, perhaps the only, satisfactory means of
identifying the ownership of the nests and eggs discovered. —W.E.C
Naturalist
149
A NEW ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL.
‘The Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation.’ Edited by
SAWS: GH IRB OSS
We have received the first number of this Journal, which is based
a good deal on the lines of the ‘ Entomologist.’ A characteristic,
however, distinct from either of the two London entomological
journals is that it is to be devoted entirely to British Entomology,
and being such, if kept up to the standard of the first number, we
think it likely to be a success ; for although our insular prejudices
cannot be defended on many logical arguments, the fact remains that
comparatively few British entomologists—or more strictly speaking,
collectors—care anything whatever for any insect taken outside the
boundaries of the British Islands. And as a rule (there are of
course many worthy exceptions) by the time they have become
educated to a point beyond this, they begin to lose interest in
entomology altogether.
As the name of the journal implies, a special feature is to be
the prominence given to papers and notes on ‘Variation,’ the
interest in which has so much increased of late years, the
impetus being due in great measure to the writings of the editor of
the journal under notice. Other good features are the ‘Scientific
Notes,’ the ‘Current Notes,’ the ‘Notes on Collecting,’ the ‘ Practical
Hints, etc. The journal, published on the 15th of every month,
at a subscription of six shillings a year, is well worthy of support,
and we heartily wish it every success.—G.T.P.
NOTE—BIRDS.
Flamborough Notes: Arrival and Departure of Birds.—February 22nd,
several pairs of Stonechats ( Praténcola rudicola) arrived on the headland. March Ist,
I observed the Pied Wagtail (MWotactla lugubris). March 30th, when taking a walk
from the village to the lighthouse, I also observed a pair of Wheatears (Saxrzcola
a@nanthe) which, no doubt, had just arrived, and strange to say, a swarm of Crested
Wrens ( Regulus cristatus) were in the woods and on the hedge-rows on the same date ;
whether they had arrived or were taking their departure, I am not able to state ;
they were seen some two or three days. April 6th, Easter Sunday, I saw a great
number of Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) on the headland, waiting for a favourable
opportunity before taking their departure.—MATTHEW BaILry, April 8th, 18go.
NOTE—GEOLOG Y.
Exposure of Lower Lias at Redcar.—In the ‘ Yorkshire Lias’ (Tate and
Blake), page 65, the authors say ‘the hard stone bands of the Buckland? series
without doubt form the ridge on which the towns of Redcar and Coatham are
built, but of this we have no positive evidence.’ The evidence appeared last
week. On Tuesday, April 8th, there was a storm, and great tide at Redcar, and
the sand and stones masking the low cliff at the East end of Redcar were entirely
swept away. Several feet of lias, in position, full of Gryphe@a arcuata were
shown at the base of the cliff. On the lias rested afew feet of red boulder clay. A
huge sandstone boulder appeared in the clay, resting on the top of the lias.
Above the clay was a section of sand, containing cockles and periwinkles.—
W. C. Hey, St. Olave’s Vicarage, York, April 14th, 1890.
May 1890.
150
THE BIRDS OF OXFORDSHIRE.
The Birds of Oxfordshire. By O. V. Artin. With a Map and Plate.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1889.
Mr. Aplin’s ‘ Birds of Oxfordshire’ is a welcome addition to the
ranks of our faunal literature, and is a satisfactory production,
worthy of hearty recommendation. We are especially glad to note
that Mr. Aplin has fully realised what naturalists really want in and
expect of a county avifauna, and has not trenched upon the domain
of what should appertain to a text-book on British birds. He tells
us just what we desire to know about Oxfordshire and its birds,
while he also gives interesting notes on their habits.
It is thought, however, since Mr. Aplin is evidently a believer in
the specific distinctness between Zznofa linaria and L. rufescens,
that he would be quite justified in adding the Mealy Redpoll to his
list of Oxfordshire birds on the evidence he himself adduces at p. 95,
where he tells us that ‘the large light-coloured race of Redpolls has
occurred in Oxfordshire, and some were in the hands of an Oxford
bird dealer in the winters of 1879-80 and 1880-81.’ We have
certainly never heard of a large light-coloured race of ZL. rufescens,
and the occurrence of such-to-be-described birds in winter, leaves,
it is thought, no doubt as to their identity with Z. “maria.
There is a good description of the county and its ornithologists ;
and it is needless to say that the book is well got up. We do not
much like the plate, nor can we.say that we are inclined to think its
subject—the Alpine Chough—is altogether free from the suspicion
that it may not find its Wes into this pounity unaided.—W.E.C.
NOTE—ENTOMOLOG F:
Entomological Exhibition at Alford, Lincs.—At the Alford Flower Show
on the 13th of August, 1889, members of the Society had a special tent in which
Mr. Robert Garfit exhibited his magnificent collection of insects, principally
Lepidoptera, both English and exotic, besides larvee of various moths feeding on
their proper food plants. The local rarities included a specimen of the Clifden
Nonpareil (Catocala fraxin?) taken at Hogsthorpe, the only example ever found
in this neighbourhood ; Clouded Yellow (Co/zas edusa) taken at Alford ; Greasy
Fritillary (AZe/?t@a artemzs), very local, bred from larve taken at Ailby, feeding
on the Scabious (Scadbzosa succtsa Linn.) ; Marbled White (AZe/anarge galatea),
very local, taken at Well; Large Tortoise-shell (Vamessa polychloros), bred from
larve taken at Alford, feeding on the Drooping Willow ; Camberwell Beauty
(lV. antzopa) taken at Louth; Death’s Head Hawk Moth (Acherontia atropos),
larve, pupee, and imagos, taken at Alford; Convolvulus Hawk Moth (Sphzzx
convolvulz) taken at Alford; Bedstraw Hawk Moth (Dezlephzla gal?) taken a
Alford; and the Dark Tussock (Dasychira fascelina) bred from larve taken a
Mablethorpe, feeding on the Sea-Buckthorn (A7ppophae rhamnoides Linn.).
The President exhibited his collection of British Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Decy-
phus constrictus Bohemann, being the rarest, having been taken by him on two
occasions at Well, but elsewhere in Great Britain only by Dr. Buchanan White at
Perth. Mr. Mason also exhibited, in their various stages of dev velopment, with
examples of damage done, a numerous selection of insects injurious to gardens
and the farm, among these being the Hessian Fly, with plants of wheat and barley
injured by it.— JosEPH Burtr Davy, Hon. Sec., October 1889. Names
151
MICROSCOPIC FAUNA AND FLORA
OF MARKINGTON, MID-WEST YORKSHIRE.
Rev. J. STANLEY @Ore, B.A.,
Vicar of Markington, near Ripley.
Tue following is a list of the animals and vegetables—Infusoria and
Algee—which I have found in and now record for the Markington
district. ‘There are some other Algz, which I have not identified.
Those which I have mentioned do not by any means always occur,
e.g., I have only once found the Volvox globator, and then it was
abundant. I think the same year or the year following the farmer
in whose field the pond containing the Vo/vox was, cleaned it out,
and so destroyed any prospect of a second growth of plants. One
year the mill-race was filled with the long filaments of Spzrogyra ;
in the following years they have not occurred there, though they are
common in many of the pools elsewhere. Above a certain by-wash
the Diatomacez are more various and beautiful than. they are below.
So there is a chance of disappointment or of unlooked-for success.
Still, these I have set down have undoubtedly existed here, and future
searchers may find, I dare say, many new forms.
The plant I mentioned as rare, viz., Ophtocytium mazus, is men-
tioned in the ‘Micrographic Dictionary’ as a genus of unicellular
Algze, of which several species are described not yet noticed in
Britain (Bibl. Nageli). I think, too, that there are two species of
Vaucheria, though I have named only one.
The more common Infusoria I have not mentioned; only the
rarer kinds. There are more species of the Rotatoria, a Water Bear,
and Entomostraca, which are common, but except Daphnia pulex
and Cyclops quadricornis, | have not identified any.
ANIMALS.
Ameeba diffluens. Markington.
Actinophrys viridis. In pools of stagnant water near farms,
Markington.
Distigma viride (?). Markington.
Arcella vulgaris. Markington Beck.
Arcella aculeata. Do.
Dileptus folium. Markington.
Stentor polymorphus. Ditch, with clear water, but not flowing,
Markington (Westerns Pasture).
Vorticella microstoma. Stagnant water, Markington.
May 1890.
152 TUTE: MICRO-FAUNA AND FLORA OF MARKINGTON.
Ophridium versatile. Eavestone Lake (now drained) and river
Skell. ‘The colonies in the river evidently came from the lake,
and it would be hopeless to search for them.
Cothurnia imberbis. Mill-pond, above the Shaw Mill; pond,
Bishop Thornton.
Floscularia ornata. In another clear-water ditch, Markington
(Westerns Pasture).
Vaginicola crystallina. Millpond near Shaw Mills, Bishop
Thornton.
Epistylis anastatica. Markington.
Loxodes bursaria. Pools of water in a quarry of Gritstone,
Spa Gill, about a mile west of Fountains Abbey.
Hydra viridis. Pond near Morcar.
Rotifer vulgaris. Markington.
Squamella oblonga. Do.
Pterodina patina. Do.
Anurea curvicornis. Do.
Notommata centrura. Do.
Spongilla fluviatilis. In the stream near the Rectory, Ripley ;
abundant.
Paramecium aurelia.
Peridinium cinctum.
VEGETABLES.
Chlamidomonas pulvisculus. Stagnant water, Markington.
Where this has occurred, the dried-up surface of the ditch is
afterwards frequently covered with moss.
Euglena viridis. Stagnant water, Markington.
Tetraspora gelatinosa. Roadside pool, Ingerthorpe, at the
point where it is fed on the N. end by a ditch.
Palmella cruenta. Markington.
Protococcus viridis (red state). Gordale Scar, in rock pools.
Gordale Scar is, of course, not in the neighbourhood of
Markington, but it may be useful to mark its occurrence in
a place so well known.
Gonium pectorale. Small pond in a meadow, Wallerthwaite.
Pandorina morum. Dox do., do.
Volvox globator. Do, do., do.
I have only found Volvox once, then it was abundant.
Fandorina 1 found more frequently. The pond was cleaned
out, and I have found neither since.
Oscillatoria autumnalis. Markington.
Naturalist,
TUTE: MICRO-FAUNA ANJ) FLORA OF MARKINGTON. 153
Cylindrospermum catenatum. Markington.
Phacus longicauda. Markington.
CEdogonium braunii. In the pond at Morcar.
Closterium lunula. In ponds and the beck, caught in the inter-
stices of moss, etc., growing on stones. When the water is
squeezed out of the moss, the out-flowing dirty water contains
many Desmids and Diatoms, which appear after a time when
the water is placed in a vessel in the light.
Closterium acerosum. Do., do.
Closterium griffiithsii. Do., do.
Closterium setaceum. Do., do.
Cosmarium botrytis. Do., do.
Hyalotheca desiliens. At the source of Markington Beck.
Euastrum oblongum. Do., do.
Desmidium swartzii. Do., do.
Ankistrodesmus falcatus. With the Closteria and Cosmarium.
Scenidesmus obliquus. Do., do.
Scenidesmus quadricauda. Do., do.
Staurastrum margaritaceum. Do., do.
Pediastrum boryanum. Do., do.
Nostoc commune. In clear still pools, Markington.
Batrachospermum moniliforme. Do.
Melosira varians. In streams and small shallow ponds.
Spirogyra quinina. Suddenly appeared one year, and filled the
mill-race with filaments about five or six feet long, but this has
not occurred since.
Spirogyra nitida. In streams and small shallow ponds.
Zygnema cruciata. Do., do.
Mesocarpus scalaris. In clear running water, in troughs, etc.,
High Birstwith.
Ulothrix zonata ? Do., do.
Cladophora glomerata. Markington Beck and Mill-race.
Cheetophora elegans. Do., do.
Ophiocytium majus. This rare plant is found at Aldfield, in a
pond lying in the angle made by the Ripon and Pateley Bridge
Road, and the road from the village of Aldfield. (See Micro-
graphic Dictionary, Ophiocytium).
Vaucheria czespitosa. In a watering-trough, Cayton, Cayton
Gill Farm. Another species (I think) is common.
May 1890.
154 TUTE: MICRO-FAUNA AND FLORA OF MARKINGTON.
Draparnaldia glomerata. Running water. Markington.
Cocconema lanceolatum. Do.
Achnanthes exilis. Do.
Odontidium mesodon. Found in the Ure, Uredale.
Tabellaria flocculosa. Do., do.
Surirella, species. Markington Beck.
Gomphonema truncatum. Do.
Denticula obtusa. Do.
Campylodiscus costatus. Do.
Cocconeis pediculus. Do.
Homeocladia anglica. Markington Beck.
Pinnularia Do.
Sphinctocystis elliptica. Do.
Sphinctocystis solea. Do.
Nitzschia sigmoidea. Do.
Gyrosigma attenuatum. Do.
Gyrosigma acuminatum. Do.
Cymbella gustroides. Do.
Diatoma vulgare. Markington Beck. A much smaller variety,
South Stainley.
Bacillaria elongata. Markington Beck.
Fragillaria capucina. Do.
Synedra ulna. Do.
Synedra splendens. Do.
Meridion circulare. Mouth of drains, road-side, Markington.
Encyonema paradoxum. How Hill.
Amphora ovalis. Markington.
There are many Entomostraca in the ponds, Daphnia pulex,
Cyclops quadricornis, Cypris, etc., etc., but I have not worked at
this section. There are many Rotatoriz, especially in water which
is not very pure. Water-bears also occur in the mossy tufts in water.
There seems to me to be a considerable difference between the
fauna and flora of Shaw Mill Beck and Markington Beck. Perhaps
this is owing to the fact that Shaw Mill Beck flows over Millstone
Grit and its derivatives, Markington Beck over Millstone Grit, Boulder
Clay, and then over Magnesian Limestone.
Above the little weir which turns the water to the upper mill,
the stream is far richer in Déafomacee than it is below. Cray-fish
(Astacus fluviatilis) are found in the Shaw Mill Beck, but not here ;
they are also found in the river Skell.
Naturalist,
155
SOME
FURTHER NOTES ON THE TREE SPARROW.
F. B. WHITEROCK,
A tlenborough.
I am well rewarded for my notes on the Tree Sparrow (Passer
montanus) by their having drawn from the Rev. H. A. Macpherson
his further contribution to the life-history of this species.
My observations as to the social habits of this species tend
rather to prove exclusiveness than fraternity with its near ally
or with the Greenfinch. ‘This latter bird is very common with us at
all times, but I usually find it in company with the Chaffinch or
House Sparrow. Several facts incline me to the belief that our
local Tree Sparrows are migratory. In the first place, I can find no
traces of them in the winter either round farm-houses or in the
country-lanes. In the winter of 1888 I wanted one or two for
skinning, and though I shot at any Sparrow that looked at all likely,
I only picked up House Sparrows. Up to this date I have not
detected it in the flocks of Sparrows that frequent the September
stubble-fields, though it should turn up there if anywhere. Since
writing my first notes I have seen three Tree Sparrows amongst
some dozens of House Sparrows killed about six miles below
Nottingham in the Trent valley. In the second place, I find it
varies greatly in numbers from year to year during the breeding-
season.
My boyhood was spent on the borders of Nottinghamshire, where
the pollard willow abounds. I used to find a nest or two most years,
but never found it breeding commonly. I have been in close cor-
respondence with an ornithological friend in the neighbourhood ever
since leaving home, and his experience tallies with mine. Last year,
however, he writes, ‘I have found no nests so common as those of
the Garden Warbler and Tree Sparrow.’ I do not think mild winters
would account for such a iarge increase in the numbers of this species.
I am sorry to say that I have not heard the song of the Tree
Sparrow. Observing it principally at its nesting-colony, I am afraid
I am treated rather to abuse than song. Whenever I have wanted
any eggs my plan has been to row gently down the canal in my boat,
and quietly as I go, the Tree Sparrows are off before I can exactly
note the site of the nest. They usually fly to some thick hawthorns,
where they keep up an angry chatter, which was well described one
day by a passing politician as ‘ Parliament had met.’
It is quite characteristic of the species to make a dash for liberty
as Mr. Macpherson describes. As to their laming themselves, the
May 1890.
156 ; NOTES AND NEWS.
explanation occurring to me is that the angle of the body to the
direction of the bird’s flight is greater in Sparrows than in the longer
winged species ; consequently, when a collision occurs, the legs are
likely to be protruded and to bear part of the shock.
At the risk of making my paper too long, I should just like to
quote a few passages from Mr. Seebohm’s ‘Siberia in Europe’ as
to the flocking together of the two species:—‘. . . At Vologda we
were under the impression that they were all the House Sparrow.
In the villages through which we passed after the first day they were
certainly all Tree Sparrows. . . (Archangel). Once or twice we identi-
fied a Tree Sparrow, but by far the greater number were the common
House Sparrow. . . . As we proceeded further east Sparrows were
less plentiful, but we noticed both species . . . in the villages we
saw a few Tree Sparrows . . . (Ust Zylma). At this time we ascer-
tained positively the presence of a bird which we had long suspected
to be on the roof of the Preestaff’s house—a no less important bird
than the common Sparrow. This is an extraordinary instance of the
extreme localness of birds. We never by any chance saw the
common Sparrows among the Tree Sparrows. . . . During the week
there had apparently been an arrival of House Sparrows, for they
abounded in M. Znaminski’s (the Preestaff) yard. Strangely enough,
we could not meet with any in other parts of the town.’
In conclusion, I should like to ask the readers of the ‘ Naturalist’
‘Have they found the House Sparrow ever breeding in a Aole in
a pollard willow or other tree?’ I never have. This seems to be
one of the few differences in habit between the two species. I once
found the Tree Sparrow breeding in a nest of the long-suffering
House Martin.
NOTES AND NEWS.
Among the recently-elected Fellows of the Linnean Society we note the name
of Mr. Edgar R. Waite, sub-curator of the Leeds Museum.
—_—— oo ——
We trust our readers will again make observations (and let us have their notes
for publication) on the question as to whether Starlings are double-brooded or not,
concerning which so many interesting notes were printed last year in our journal.
Mr. Riley Fortune, F.Z.S., has also suggested that observations be made with the
view of ascertaining whether Starlings pair for life or not.
poo
In the early months of 1889 the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society adopted a
most excellent method of stimulating natural history work among their members
by publishing monthly a small-sized four-page circular giving the proceedings of
their previous meeting, and also numerous natural history notes of more or less
(generally more) interest, and giving announcements as to the Society’s proceedings
and programme for the following month, and sometimes in addition useful hints as
to ‘What to Observe.’ We were much pleased with the first five numbers, but
have not seen any since last July.
Naturalist,
172.
175.
17/9.
157
THE LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND.
JOSEPH A. MARTINDALE,
Staveley, near Kendal, Westmorland.
Lecanora murorum (Hofim., En., p. 62, tab. 9, fig. 2) ;
Nyl. in Flora, 1883, p. 106 ; Placodium Leighton, Lich. Flora,
3rd _ed., p. 160 pro parte ; vide ‘ The Naturalist,’ 1887, p. 358.
On limestone walls. Kendal, Shap, Heversham; not
abundant at any of these places.
. *Lecanora decipiens (Arn. in Flora, 1866, p. 529); Nyl. in
Flora, 1883, p. 106; Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 161; vide
‘The Naturalist,’ 1887, p. 359.
On limestone walls at Shap and also near Kendal. The
plants gathered in these places are not typical.
Lecanora tegularis (Ehrh., Exs., 304 ; Hoffm., Flora Germ.,
p- 158;) Nyl. in Flora, 1883, p. 106. Placodium mintatum
Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 162 pro parte; vide ‘The
Naturalist,’ 1887, p. 360.
On stones of all sorts. Distributed generally through the
county. I have it in my herbarium from Sandside, Kendal,
Staveley, Shap, Tirril, and Lowther Park.
Lecanora cirrochroa Ach., Syn., p. 181; Nyl., Lapp.,
p. 126; Leighton, Lich. Florajgrd ed., p. 161 ; vide ‘The
Naturalist,’ 1887, p. 362.
On limestone rocks. Arnbarrow, Haverbrack, Milnthorpe,
and Levens Park. Always barren. Some specimens approach
L. obliterans Ny|.in Flora, 1874, p. 7.
Lecanora sympagea (Ach., Prod., p. 105); Nyl. in Flora,
p- 197. Placodium murorum Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed.,
p. 160 pro parte; P. callopismum var. plicatum and var.
sympageum Leight., l.c. p. 162; vide ‘The Naturalist,’ 1887,
P- 363.
Common on limestone walls and rocks. Very abundant
on rocks at Sandside and Arnside, and found generally dis
tributed wherever there is limestone.
Lecanora xantholyta Nyl. in Flora, 1879, p. 361, and
1883, p. 107. Vide Zhe Naturalist, 1887, p. 364.
On limestone rocks. Scout Scar, Whitbarrow, Haverbrack
(covering a large extent of rock), and near the river Lowther
in Lowther Park.
May 1 890.
179.
180.
MOMs
182.
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND.
Perhaps, as an imperfect plant, this and Zeproloma lanu-
ginosum ought to be relegated to an appendix; but there
can hardly be a doubt that Z. xantholyta is a state of some
Lecanora.
D. Group of L. cerina (Callopisma).
Lecanora citrina (Hoffm. Flora Germ., ii, p. 198); Ach.,
Syn., p. 176; Flacodium Nyl., Scand., p. 136; Leighton,
Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 163.
On limestone walls and on mortar. Milnthorpe, Kendal, etc.
Lecanora flavocitrina Nyl., Flora, 1886, p. 461; ‘The
Naturalist,’ 1886, p. 374.
On walls of clay slate at Staveley and at Crosthwaite.
Lecanora aurantiaca (Ach., Prod., p. 44; Meth., p. 69;
Lich. Un., p. 204; Syniggaso).. «Nyl., Scand., p. 142" pre
parte ; Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 206—only as regards
var. salicina. L. salicina (Ach., Prod., p. 43 ; Meth., p. 173)
ejusdem Lich. Un., p. 4665, Syn., p. 175.
Not very common. On ash-tree roots, Beathwaite Green,
in Levens Park and in Lowther Park; the plants from these
places are the form Zecanora salicina. On trees near Kendal;
this is the form Lecidea aurantiaca of Ach., Meth., etc.
Lecanora crenulatella Nyl. in Flora, 1886, p. 462; vide
‘ The Naturalist,’ 1886, p. 374.
On limestone at Sandside.
Lecanora erythrella (Ach., Prod., p. 43, Meth., p. 174);
ejusdem, Lich. Un., p. 401; Syn., p. 175; LZ. aurantiaca v.
erythrella Nyl., Scand., p. 142; Leighton, Lich. Flora,
3rd ed., p. 207; Callopisma flavovirescens (Wulf.); Arn.,
Lich. Frank. Jura, p. 85.
On sandstone near Cliburn; near Tirmll; and at Shap.
On limestone near Brigsteer.
Wulfen’s name /lavovirescens, if it really belong to this
plant, is older than that given by Acharius.
Lecanora ferruginea (Huds., Flora Angl., ed. i, p. 440,
ed. ii, p. 526); Nyl., Scand., p. 143 pro parte ; Leighton,
Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 208, excl. vars. scotoplaca, concilians,
and fusco-atra, L. crenularius With., Arr., 3rd ed., iv, p. 32.
The corticolous or typical form I only remember to have
once seen in Levens Park, but the saxicolous states are
common on the sandstone and slate. Most of them belong
to the var. fest7va of Ny]. Of this variety I have gathered the
Naturalist,
184.
185.
186.
187
188.
May 1890.
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND. 159
form crenudaria of Withering on sandstone in Lowther Park
and near Cliburn. A rather remarkable form occurs on sand-
stone near Tirrill, in which the apothecia as they increase in
size grow darker in colour, and at length become a full black
and immarginate, then bearing a great resemblance to some
Lecidea of the contigua group.
Lecanora ferruginascens Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 427;
Pyr Or, p:.6.
On clay slate near Staveley ; only gathered once.
I publish this lichen with some hesitation, as I have never
seen an authoritative specimen of the Pyrenzean plant, and
I have too little of my own to send any of it away for con-
firmation. It, however, seems to agree perfectly with
Dr. Nylander’s description.
[Lecanora fusco-atra (Bayrh. ; Nyl., Scand., p. 143); Flora,
1672,p. 4290) Gyr. Or., p. 6,
I have gathered this plant in the Isle of Man on the coast
to the north of Douglas, but have not met with it in West-
morland ].
Lecanora cerina (Ehrh., exs. No. 2 16; Hoffm., Flora Germ.,
li, p. 179); Ach., Lich. Un., P. 390; Syn., p. 173; Nyl.,
Scand., p. 144; Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 209.
Not common. On trees in Lowther Park. On ash near
Beathwaite Green and in Levens Park.
Var. stillicidiorum (Horn). On mosses, Cunswick Scar.
Lecanora cerinella Nyl. in Flora, 1872, p.427; Pyr.Or., p. 7.
On a tree near Barbon. I have only a very small specimen
containing about a dozen apothecia.
Lecanora steropea (Ach., Lich. Un., p. 404; Syn.,p.175);
Lamy, Cat. Lich. Mont Dore, p. 60, et ejusdem Lich. Caut.,
P: 44.
On walls at Staveley. The species was determined for me
by Dr. Nylander.
Lecanora pyracea (Ach., Meth., p- 176; Lich. Un,, p. 207;
Syn., p. 49); Nyl., Scand., p. 145 pro parte; Leighton,
Lich. Flora, p. 211 pro parte.
I do not remember ever gathering the type in Westmorland,
though very probably it occurs.
Var. pyrithroma (Ach.) non Leighton.
On limestone, here and there to the south of Kendal, and
_on Whitbarrow.
160
190.
Igl.
TO2.
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND.
Var. picta (Tayl. Flora Hib., ii, p. 130) =pyrithroma
Leight., op. cit., p. 212.
On clay slate near Staveley, rather common. My plant,
specimens of which have been seen and determined by
Dr. Nylander, must, I suppose, be regarded as a state only
of Taylor's lichen. In general appearance it agrees with
Taylor’s description, but when closely examined with a lens
there are several discrepancies. In particular, the bright
yellow pruzna of the apothecia is entirely absent, and the
margin is not such as he describes.
Lecanora luteoalba (Turner in Trans. Linn. Soc., vil,
p. 92, fide Stizb., Lich. Helv., p. 99). Lamy, Cat., p. 62.
On elm in Levens Park. The only Westmorland specimens
in my herbarium at the present time were gathered on a fine
elm at the entrance to Levens Park, which has since been cut
down. This tree was, for a large extent, almost completely
covered with the lichen in very fine condition.
Lecanora vitellinula Nyl., Lapp. Or., p. 127; Flora, 1863,
p. 305. Lecanora aurantiaca v. tnalpina Leighton, Lich.
Flora, 3rd ed., p. 207, at least pro parte.
On limestone rocks and walls. Very abundant to the south
of Kendal. The walls near Beathwaite Green and Levens
are covered with a thin badly developed form in thin
ochraceous patches, some of them of large extent. At Haver-
brack the plant is better developed with larger apothecia.
Near Arnside a very handsome form of it occurs with a pale
whitish-yellow continuous thallus, sometimes almost evanes-
cent, and pleasant yellow apothecia not so crowded as in the
other forms. In this state it comes near to saxicolous forms
of L. pyracea.
Lecanora phlogina (Ach., Meth., p. 180; Syn., p. 176, sub
L. xanthostigma); Nyl., Scand., p. 1413; Leighton, Lich.
Flora, 3rd: ed., p. 20g
On trees in Levens Park. Only once gathered.
Lecanora irrubata (Ach., Prod., p. 75? Lich. Un., p. 206;
Syn. p. 40); Nyl. in Lamy Lich. Caut., pp. 45 and 46.
L. rupestris v. rufescens and v. viridifiavescens Leighton, Lich.
Flora, 3rd ed., p. 204.
On limestone, probably not uncommon. In Mallerstang,
near Cliburn and at Arnside.
Naturalist,
JUNE 1890.
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PAGE
The Lichens of Westmorland (continuation)— Yoseph A. Martindale i .. 161 to 164
Diptera from the Alford District of Lincolnshire—¥as. Eardley Mason .. 165 & 166
Notes on the Starling—Riley Fortune, F.Z.S. ate wis a a = .. 167 & 168
British Land and Freshwater Shells (Review) .. es “i Ah Bs a 168
Lincolnshire Limestone Plants—Rev. W. Fowler, M.A. A Ae a6 .. 169 to 171
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union: Annual Meeting at Hull os as ers .. 172to0 176
Bibliography: Birds, 1888 .. : 5, a ty ¥3 aif fe -. 1977 to 192
Note—Fish pa a i? we is Bs i ee vs Pi ae bis 166
Lamprey at Flamborough—W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S.
Note—Botany .. ee a se a Ws “a és Be oe 7 sy 166
_Geranium pheum in Littondale, Mid-West Yorkshire—W. A. Shuffrey.
Notes and News <2. pia “a ne as “4 “7 oe é ee . 176
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BOOKS RECEIVED.
Liverpool Nat. Field Club—Proceedings for 189. [The Club.
Manchester Microscopical Soc.—Trans. and Ann. Rep., 1889. [The Society.
Kast of Scotland Union of Nat. Soc.—Proceedings, 8vo, 1890. [The Union.
A. M. Norman.—Museum Normanianum . . vi.—Mollusca Terrestria et Fluvi-
atilia, 8vo, 1890. [The Author.
Brit. Assoc. —59th Report, Newcastle 1889, 8vo, 955 pp. [The Association.
Yorksh. Geol. and Poly. Soc.—Proc., New Series, vol. 11, part 2. [The Society.
Rich. Howse—Guide to the Collections of Local Fossils in the Museum of the
Nat. Hist. Soc., Newcastle-on-Tyne—1889 8vo. reprint. [The Author.
Watson Bot. Exch. Club—Sixth Ann. Rep. 1889-90. [The Club.
Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 5, No. 169, May 1890. [Camb. Ent. Cl., U.S.A.
Die Schwalbe, Wien, Jahrg. 14, Nr. 7 & 8, April 30 & May 15, 1890.
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Nat. Hist. Journ., No. 121, May 15, 1890. _ [J. E. Clark & others, Editors, York.
Science Gossip, No. 305, for May 1890. [Messrs. Chatto & Windus, publishers.
The Midland Naturalist, No. 149, for May 1890. [Birmingham Nat. Hist. Soc.
Research, monthly illust. journ. of science, No. 23, May 1890. [A.N. Tate, editer.
The Young Naturalist, Part 125, for May 1890. [Mr. John E. Robson, editor.
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 14, No. 161, May 1890. [J. E. Harting, editor.
Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 41, April 1890. {Mineralogical Sogiety.
Hertfordshire Nat. Hist.Soc.—Trans., Vol. 5, Part 8, April 1890. [Society.
Kssex Naturalist, Vol. iv, Nos. 10-12, 1-3, Oct.-Dec. 1889, Jan.-March, 1890.
: [Essex Field Club.
Naturze Novitates, 1890, Nos. 5-8, Marz.-April. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs.
Notarisia, Ann. 5, No. 18, 30th April, 1890. [D. Levi-Morenos, Redattore.
S. L. Mosley—Hist. of Brit. Birds, their Nests and Eggs, No. 64, May 1890. [ Author.
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MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND. 161
193. *Lecanora calva (Dicks. Crypt., ii, p. 18); Nyl., Scand.,
p. 147. L. rupestris var. incrustans et var. calva, Leighton,
Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 203.
On limestone, very common.
194. Lecanora candicans (Dicks. Crypt., iii, p. 15 ; Placodium,
Nyl., Prod. Lich. Gall., p. 72 ; Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed.,
p. 164); Nyl., Flora, 1876, p. 306. Name only.
Common on the limestone to the south of Kendal at
Haverbrack, Arnside, Brigsteer, etc. Also on limestone on
the slopes of Wild Boar Fell in Mallerstang.
195. Lecanora tetrasticha Nyl.in Flora, 1874, p. 307; Leighton,
Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 224.
On limestone, Whitbarrow, Levens, Heversham Head.
Very sparingly gathered.
[Lecanora chalybza (Duf. in Fr.L.E., p. 125 ; Placodium,
Nyl., Scand., p. 138 ; Leighton, Lich. Flora, 3rd ed., p. 165) ;
Schar, Syn., p. 60.
There is little doubt that this plant will be found to occur
on the hills bounding the east of the county, if not elsewhere
in the district. I have gathered it on the Cross Fell range in
Cumberland at a very short distance from our boundary. |
196. Lecanora albopruinosa (Arn. in Flora, 1859, p. 152;
Nyl., Scand., p. 139, sub. Placodio Agardhiano, under which
name Leighton also describes one form of it, Lich. Flora,
3rd.ed:, p. 165); Stiz. Lich. Htels., p. ror.
On limestone, here and there to the south of Kendal, as at
Heversham Head, Scout Scar, etc. Very fine specimens are
to be found near Arnside on rocks by the sea shore, associated
with Lecanora vitellinula.
E. Group of L. witellina (Candelaria).
197. Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. in Ach. Lich. Un., p. 403 ;
Ach., Syn., p. 176 pro parte); Nyl., Lapp. Or., p. 130.
On trees in Lowther Park. ‘The barren thallus occurs
rather frequently, but I have only once gathered it with
apothecia.
198.. Lecanora vitellina (Ehrh., e%s) 155); Ach., Lich. Un.,
p. 403; Syn., p. 174; Nyl., Scand., p. 141; Leighton, Lich.
Flora, 3rd ed., p. 166.
Very common on rocks and walls, and sometimes on wood.
The varieties corruscans and aurella also occur somewhat
frequently.
June 1890. i
162
199.
ty
fe)
tN
to
(e}
Ww
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND.
Lecanora laciniosa (Duf. in Fr. L. E., p. 73); Nyl. in
Flora, 1881, p. 454. LZ. candelaria, Leighton, Lich. Flora,
3rd ed., p. 167. Lichen concolor, Dicks. Crypt., ili, p. 18.
Apparently very rare. I have only gathered it twice; once
on apple-trees in an orchard at Beathwaite Green and once
in Levens Park.
Fr. Group of LZ. sophodes (Rinodina).
Lecanora sophodes (Ach., Prod., p. 67; Meth., p. 155)
ejusdem, Lich. Un., p. 357; Syn., p. 153, excl. varieties ;
Nyl., Flora, 1869, p. 412; Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 214
pro minima parte.
Apparently rare. The only place in which I have found it
is between Kendal and Helsington, on some stunted trees.
Lecanora exigua (Ach., Prod., p. 69; Meth., p. 154 pro
parte); Nyl., Flora, 1873, p. 197, and 1874, p. 307; Lecanora
sophodes v. exigua, Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 214 (pro parte).
On trees in Levens Park and Lowther Park, and
occasionally on stones in walls, as at Staveley. Probably
generally distributed.
Lecanora roboris Duf. Hb.; Nyl., Flora, 1869, p. 412.
Lecanora sophodes v. roboris, Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 215.
Somewhat plentiful on trees in Levens Park and at Hever-
sham Head. I think I have seen it also in Lowther Park,
but I have no specimens from there in my herbarium.
[Other species belonging to this group which can hardly
be entirely absent from Westmorland, though as yet I have
not noticed them, are ZLecanora confragosa, L. milvina,
L. atrocinerea, and L. bischoffit. 1 have gathered L. mélvina
in the Isle of Man, and the Rev. W. Johnson records it
from the neighbourhood of St. Bees. |
G. Group of Z. alphoplaca.
Lecanora circinata (Pers. in Ust. Ann., vii, p. 25) Ach.,
Syn., p. 184; Nyl., Scan@iep: 152; Flora, 1873, p. 18 note;
Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 179.
On limestone rocks near Kirkby Lonsdale, Sir J. E. Smith,
fide Leighton, l.c.
H. Group of LZ. szzbfusca.
Lecanora galactina (Ach., Meth., p. 190) ejusdem, Lich.
Un., p. 424; Syn., p. 1ay3 Nyl.; Eapp., p. 132; Leighton,
Lich. Flora, p. 189.
Naturalist,
205.
206.
208.
209.
210.
June
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND. 163
On limestone walls and stones, Kendal, Milnthorpe, Arn-
side, Lowther Park, and Tirrill. Probably general on the
limestone. A dispersed form of this species occurs, but
I have not succeeded in finding the Zecanora dispersa of
Persoon.
Lecanora crenulata (Dicks., Crypt., 3, p. 14) Nyl., Lapp.,
p. 181, note 2. Lecanora hagent v. crenulata, Leighton,
Lich. Flora, p. 191.
On limestone walls and rocks at Kendal, Heversham,
Lowther, and Tirrill. Probably general on the limestone.
Lecanora subfusca (Linn., Sp., 1609; Ach., Prod., Dp. 47:
Meth., p. 167) ejusdem, Lich. Un., p. 393; Syn., prey, all
pro parte; Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 250; Lecanora subfusca v.
argentata Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 186 pro parte.
On trees of various kinds throughout the county.
. *Lecanora campestris (Schir., Spic., p. 391; En.,, Bocas)
Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 354. Lecanora subfusca v. argentata
Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 186 pro parte.
Common on stones in walls, Ambleside, Windermere,
Staveley, Kendal, Levens, Lowther, Tirrill.
Lecanora pseudistera Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 354.
On stones in a wall at Staveley. A plant differing from
the preceding species by its smaller spores and its more dis-
tinctly articulated paraphyses, as well as by other characters.
Lecanora rugosa (Pers. in Herb. Ach., Stizb. in Bot. Leite,
1868, p. 891) Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 250. Lecanora subfusca
v. rugosa Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 186.
On trees, Levens Park, Sedgwick, and Ambleside.
Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl., Flora, 1872, Daa:
Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 189.
On rocks at Kirkstone Pass and on Red Screes.
Lecanora chlarona (Ach., Lich. Un., p. 397, Syn., p. 158) ;
Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 250; Lecanora subfusca v. chlarona
Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 188; Lecanora subfusca v. pinastri
Schar., Spic., p. 390, En., p. 74.
Apparently generally distributed on firs throughout the
county—Staveley, Ambleside, Kendal, etc. All my West-
morland specimens are of the form fimaséré of Schiirer,
which Dr. Nylander regards as belonging to Z. chlarona.
Leighton joins this form to Lecanora cotlocarpa, Lich. Flora,
p. 186.
1890.
212.
22:
214.
MARTINDALE: LICHENS OF WESTMORLAND.
Lecanora coilocarpa (Ach., Lich. Un., p. 393, Syn., p. 1575
Nyl., Scand., p. 160) Nyl. in Lamy, Cat. Lich. Mont Dor.,
p. 72. Lecanora subfuscay. coilocarpa Leighton, Lich. Flora,
p- 186, pro parte.
On clay-slate stones in walls at Staveley. I have not
gathered the corticolous form.
Lecanora intumescens (Rebent., Flora Neomarch., p. 301,
fide Stizb., Lich. Helv3§piai2) Nyl., Flora, 1872, pi 2505
Lamy, Cat. Lich. Mont Dor., p. 73; Lecanora subfusca v.
tntumescens Leighton, Lich, Flora, p. 186.
On trees near Ambleside. My specimens are not well
developed, and I was for a considerable time in much doubt
whether they could rightly be referred to this species, which,
in general, is easily recognisable. Some time since, however,
I received a number of continental specimens among which
were some exactly like the plant from Ambleside.
Lecanora glaucoma (Hffm., Flora Germ., li, p. 172;
Ach.; Prod., p: 56; Metiep. 160) Ach., Lich. Un:, ps 302)
Syn., p. 165; Nyl., Scand., p. 159; Leighton, Lich. Flora,
p. 204.
On clay-slate stones in walls near Heversham and near
Staveley, not common. The specimens from Heversham are
infested with the parasitic Arthonia varians (Dav.). I have
a form gathered near Lazonby in Cumberland which differs
very much in aspect from any that I am acquainted with, but
agrees in chemical reaction, and in all essential characters.
[Lecanora subcarnea (Sw., Ach.) Nyl., Flora, 1873, p. 69;
Leighton, Lich. Flora, p. 205.
This species will most likely be found to occur in Westmor-
land, though I have not hitherto noticed it. I have gathered
it, however, near Keswick in Cumberland].
Lecanora umbrina (Ehrh., Pl. Crypt., 245) Nyl., Lich.
seand., p: 162; Leight@a, Lich. Flora,’ pi rm,’ exclhide
varieties.
On stones and walls. None of my Westmorland specimens
are really typical.
[Lecanora prosechoides (Nyl. in Crombie’s Lich. Brit.,
p. 51) Nyl., Flora, 1872, p. 250. Lecanora umbrina v.
prosechoides Leight., Lich. Flora, p. 191.
Common on the east coast of the Isle of Man, but I have
seen no Westmorland specimens].
Naturalist,
165
DIPTERA FR@M, THE
ALFORD DISTRICT OF LINCOLNSHIRE.
JAMES EARDLEY MASON,
The Sycamores, Alford.
‘THE following is a list of some of the flies taken casually by me in
the year 1888, and identified by Mr. G. H. Verrall. Others were
rendered impossible of accurate identification by having been carded
with gum, like beetles, and the whole series examined thereby made
exceedingly awkward to deal with. My indebtedness to Mr. Verrall
is consequently tinged with compunction at my having trespassed so
largely on his kindness. No one in the county studies the Diptera,
to my knowledge. Would it were otherwise.
This list is an addition to that which appeared at pp. 217 and 218
of ‘The Naturalist’ for July, 1888.
Acnemia nitidicollis Mg.? Alford; 3rd August, 1888.
Macrocera fasciata Mg. Well; 25th June, 1888.
Ceratopogon bipunctatus L. Chapel; 31st July, 1888. Mable-
thorpe; 12th August, 1388.
Ptychoptera albimana F. Well; zoth October, 1888.
Limnobia tripunctata F. Well; 27th June, 1888.
Pachyrrhina histrio F. Alford; 8th August, 1888.
Pachyrrhina quadrifaria Mg. Alford; 8th. August, 1888.
Tipula lutescens F. Alford; 23th June, 1888.
Leptis tringaria 1. Well; 12th August, 1888.
Philonicus albiceps Mg. Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Empis tessellata F. Well; 16th June, 1888.
Empis stercorea L. Well; 25th June, 1888.
Tachypeza nubila Mg. Chapel; 23rd July, 1888.
Tachista arrogans L.? Chapel; 23rd July, 1888.
Tachydromia bicolor F.? Well; 16th June and 23rd August, 1888.
Dolichopus trivialis Hal. Well; 25th June, 1888.
Argyra argyria Mg. Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Chilosia flavimana Mg. Well; 16th June, 1888.
Leucozona lucorum L. Well; roth and 16th June, 1888.
Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Platychirus manicatus Mg.? Alford; June, 1888.
Syrphus bifasciatus F. Well; roth June, 1888.
Volucella bombylans L. Well; roth June, 1888.
June 1890.
166 SHORT NOTES.
Eristalis intricarius L. Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Thelaira leucozona Pz.? Mablethorpe; 18th August, 1888.
Sarcophaga carnaria L. Alford; 2oth August, 1888.
Calliphora erythrocephala Mg. Chapel; gist July, 1888.
Stomoxys calcitrans L. Alford, June, 1888.
Hyetodesia flaveola Fln. Well; 25th June, 1888.
Anthomyia radicum L. Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Homalomyia canicularis L. Mablethorpe; 26th August, 1888..
Lispe tentaculata Dg. Chapel; 31st July, 1888.
Sciomyza albocostata Fin. Well; 16th June, 1888.
Titanocera punctulata Scop. Well; 25th June, 1888.
Ptilonota centralis F. Well; 16th June, 1888.
Seoptera vibrans L. Alford; 5th July, 1888.
Acidia heraclei L. Thoresthorpe; 4th June, 1888.
Spilographa zoé Mg. Alford; 8th June, 188
June, 1888.
Sepsis nigripes Mg.? Ailby; 17th October, 1888.
Besides these, the following pests have been very abundant
both in 1888 and 1889 :—
Cecidomyia destructor Say (Hessian Fy).
Hylemyia coarctata Fin. (Wheat-bulb Maggot Fly).
Chlorops tzniopus Mg. (Ribbon-footed Corn-Fly).
24th March, 1890. 1s
oe)
Well; toth
NOTE—FISH.
Lamprey at Flamborough.—On the 3rd of May Mr. Matthew Bailey sent
me a good-sized example of the Lamprey (7efromyson marines) which had been
taken by Bielby Woodhouse, fisherman, of Flamborough that same morning.
He was out long-line fishing about six or seven miles south-east of the Headland,
and had taken several Cod. When taking hold of a very large Codfish he saw this.
strange fish in the Cod’s mouth. It appears that the fish was quite strange and
unknown to the fishermen of Flamborough, in whose experience (and Mr. Bailey's)
it had never occurred before. Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., of the Museum here,
and I, made out the fish to be a Lamprey, with Yarrell’s description of which
it agreed in every respect.—W. DENISON RoERUCK, Sunny Bank, Leeds,
May 5th, 1890. J
NOTE—BOTANY.
Geranium phzum in Littondale, Mid-West Yorkshire.—On May 2oth
I had the good fortune to find a fine plant of this rare flower in bloom. Itisa
very healthy plant, growing near to the stream at an elevation of about 650 ft.
above the sea-level. As there is only one plant, for obvious reasons I refrain from
giving the locality more definitely. But I shall be glad to show the blossoms,
which I have pressed for my herbarium, to any botanist who may be travelling
this way. It is interesting to find the plant in this dale, as Mr. Arnold Lees has
no Wharfedale station for it in his ‘Flora of West Yorkshire’ and mentions
350 ft. as its highest range. It was found many years ago at _Feizor near Clapham,
which is about 15 miles from Arncliffe—W. A. SHUFFREY, May 21st, 1890.
Naturalist,
167
NOTES ON THE STARLING.
RILEY FORTUNE, F.Z.S.,
President of the Harrogate Naturalists’ Society.
Last year information respecting the breeding of the Starling
(Sturnus vulgaris) was published in the columns of ‘The Naturalist.’
It is in the hope of getting a little more information about this
common bird that these lines are penned.
Does the Starling pair for life? This is a question I should like
settling with the help of the readers of ‘The Naturalist.” For
many years I have had Starlings under constant observation, and my
opinion is that in a good many instances they do.
The hole in which the nest is built is never really deserted.
When the young are ready to fly, the old birds and young disappear
early some fine morning into the country, where they stay continually
day and night for a few weeks. After that time the old birds return
to the hole every day throughout the winter, and roost therein at
night ; they are occasionally accompanied by the young ones. If
two broods are reared in a season, the parent birds stay a shorter
time in the country with the first brood.
On a fine winter’s day, the old Starlings are almost invariably to
be found on the house-top, warbling and chirming out their peculiar
song. On the approach of spring, if the young birds are still about,
there are sure to be fierce combats for possession of the hole, as
a rule resulting in the victory of the former tenants. Sparrows, too,
often try to obtain possession, but ¢#ey are soon evicted, being
generally hauled out by the tail, very often the tail feathers and Mr.
Sparrow parting company during the struggle. The quantity of
tail-less Sparrows to be seen about during spring, proves that this is
no uncommon occurrence.
Starlings are excellent mimics, and it would be interesting to have
recorded the various calls they have been heard to imitate. I have
heard them give perfect imitations of the cries of the following birds
this spring :—Sparrow, Lapwing, Golden Plover, Yellow Hammer,
Chaffinch, etc.
A year or two ago the shepherd in Haverah Park told me that
Starlings were a regular nuisance to him; they imitated his whistle
so closely that even the dogs were deceived. While he was relating
this, we heard them at work, and the representation of the human
whistle, as given by them, was perfect.
They are very quarrelsome birds. A dozen or two come regularly
every day into our stable-yard for food. It is very interesting to
June 1890.
168 WILLIAMS: BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS.
watch them ; the first thing a new comer does, after flying over the
stable and dropping down near the others with a curious tumbler-
like flight, is to run at the nearest bird and give it a dig with its
beak, and all the time they are there they are squeaking and fighting
with one another in a most unfriendly way.
Starlings have increased wonderfully of late years in this district.
They do an immense amount of good, and, so far as can be ascer-
tained, xo harm at all. The farmers and gardeners, for a wonder,
seem to be unanimous on this point. ‘The only fault to find with
them is that they are too fond of usurping and occupying the
nesting-holes of the Woodpeckers.
HARROGATE, 19¢h Afrz/, 1890.
BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS.
Land and Freshwater Shells: an Introduction to the Study of Conchology.
By J. W. Witiiams. (‘ Young Collector’ Series. Swan Sonnenschein & Co.,
1889.)
If any ‘young collector’ purchases this book with the hope that
it will help him to collect, he will be sadly disappointed. The first
four pages only are devoted to ‘collecting and preserving slugs, etc.’
Instead of figures of the various species, he will find anatomical
diagrams of ‘a segment of the radula of Verztena,’ ‘nervous system
of Haliotis’ (a sea shell, by the way), ‘reproductive organs of
H. pomatia, etc.—all very well in their way, but not in a ‘young
collector’s’ way. For a tyro to read that ‘ Nalepa has found that in
Zonites algirus the cells of this ‘epithelial organ” develop in spring
... but after that they gradually atrophy, and, according to Longe and
Mer, they are entirely wanting in the full-grown animal,’ or that
‘the trypsin of the secretion of the “mitteldarmdrise” converts the
proteids of the foodstuffs into peptones,’ is, in our opinion, enough
to make his researches end there; nor is there any glossary to this
mass of technicalities, which takes up the bulk of the book—
forty-four pages. Then comes a very fair description of the different
shells, spoilt, however, by the specific names being placed awkwardly
after them. ‘The descriptions are further confused by the different
standards of measurement—,%, inch, 53 lines, ro to 13 mm., occur-
ring on the same page ; and we are commonly treated to fractions
such as 34, 4, 4, of an inch. The book is well printed, and the
matter interesting to students of molluscan anatomy, but zof to a
‘young collector.’ The most useful part of the book is the Con-
chological Society’s ‘ census.’-—A.L.E.
Naturalist,
169
LINCOLNSHIRE LIMESTONE PLANTS.
Rev. WILLIAM FOWLER, M.A.,
Vicar of Liversedge, Yorkshire; Vice-President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union.
‘Tue plants included in the following list are those which grow on—
(1) The Chalk Wolds, between Barton-on-Humber and Burgh;
(2) The Inferior Oolite, between Winteringham-on-the-Humber
and Stamford ;
(3) The Lias Limestones, between Whitton-on-the-Humber
and Grantham.
The Chalk Wolds are less productive than other Chalk districts, for
two reasons—they are largely covered by Diluvial Drift, and are
in a high state of cultivation.
The Lias Limestones, too, are throughout the greater part of
their length overlaid by sands and clays, so that the soil does not
consist of disintegrated Limestone, except in a few places.
All the rarer plants are found on the Inferior Oolite, and
especially on its top bed, the Cornbrash, which is easily disintegrated
by atmospheric agencies, and then forms a light Limestone soil.
A few Limestone plants are found on the Red Marls with
Gypsum (or Sulphate of Lime) which occur in the Isle of Axholme,
and these, as they are all found on the Limestone soils of the Chalk,
the Inferior Oolite, or the Lias, are marked with an asterisk in
thts list, instead of being repeated as a separate one.
Anemone Pulsatilla. Hypericum montanum.
Broughton. Ancaster. Broughton Wood.
Ranunculus parviflorus. *“Malva moschata.
Britten’s list. Linum perenne.
Aquilegia vulgaris. Britten’s list.
Broughton. Near Alford. Geranium sanguineum.
Berberis vulgaris. Broughton Wood.
Arabis sagittata Geranium pratense.
Reseda lutea. Geranium pyrenaicum.
*Reseda luteola. Harlaxton.
“Viola odorata. Euonymus europzus.
Viola hirta. Rhamnus catharticus.
Viola Reichenbachiana. Ononis spinosa.
Cerastium arvense. Trifolium procumbens.
Hypericum hirsutum. Anthyllis Vulneraria.
June 18a0.
170
Astragalus Hypoglottis.
Broughton. Ropsley.
Astragalus glycyphyllos.
Whitton. Broughton.
Uffington.
Hippocrepis comosa.
Broughton. Ancaster.
Spirza Filipendula.
Appleby. Broughton.
Lissington (Lees).
Rubus saxatilis. Broughton
Wood. Gateburton, Gains-
borough (Lees).
*Agrimonia Eupatoria,
Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Poterium officinale.
Rosa rubiginosa.
Broughton. Bytham.
Parnassia palustris.
*Bryonia dioica.
Bupleurum rotundifolium.
Britten’s list.
*Sison Amomum.
Pimpinella Saxifraga.
Pimpinella major.
*Silaus pratensis.
Selinum Carvifolia.
Broughton Wood.
Peucedanum sativum.
*Daucus Carota.
Cornus sanguinea.
Viburnum Opulus.
Galium Mollugo.
Galium tricorne.
Asperula cynanchica.
Broughton. Ancaster.
Valeriana Mikanii.
Broughton Wood.
Dipsacus pilosus.
Morkery and Ponton Woods.
Claxby Wood.
Scabiosa Columbaria.
FOWLER: LINCOLNSHIRE LIMESTONE PLANTS.
Solidago Virgaurea.
EFrigeron acre. Broughton.
Antennaria dioica.
Broughton-
Inula Conyza. Britten’s list.
Stainton-le-Vale (Lees).
*Senecio erucifolius.
Senecio campestris (tall
form). Ancaster (Streatfeild).
Carlina vulgaris.
Carduus nutans.
Cnicus eriophorus. Corby.
Cnicus acaulis var. caules-.
cens. Near Laughton.
Serratula tinctoria.
*Centaurea Scabiosa.
Cichorium Intybus.
Picris hieracioides.
Picris echioides.
Hieracium umbellatum.
Lactuca muralis.
Campanula glomerata.
Campanula Trachelium.
Chiefly on the Cornbrash..
Campanula latifolia.
Specularia hybrida.
Primula veris.
Ligustrum vulgare.
*Blackstonia perfoliata.
Gentiana Amarella.
*Cynoglossum officinale.
Lithospermum officinale.
Lithospermum arvense.
Echium vulgare.
Verbascum Thapsus.
Linaria Elatine.
Melampyrum cristatum.
Careby Wood.
Lathrza squamaria.
Well Vale (J. E. Mason).
Naturalist,
FOWLER?
Verbena officinalis.
Origanum vulgare.
Thymus serpyllum.
Calamintha Clinopodium.
Calamintha arvensis.
Salvia Verbenaca.
Kirton-in-Lindsey.
*Nepeta Cataria.
Marrubium vulgare.
Plantago media.
Plantago Coronopus.
Chenopodium polysper-
mum. Careby Wood.
Daphne Laureola.
Witham. Ashby-cum-Fenby.
Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Bourn and Uffington Woods.
Neottia Nidus-avis.
Ropsley Wood.
Orchis pyramidalis.
Orchis ustulata. Winterton.
Glentham (Lees).
Orchis Morio.
Orchis Mascula.
. Aceras anthropophora.
Britten’s list.
Ophrys apifera.
Broughton. Cockerington.
Ophrys muscifera.
Broughton Wood.
Habenaria conopsea.
Habenaria viridis. Ancaster.
LINCOLNSHIRE LIMESTONE PLANTS. Luria
Habenaria chloroleuca.
Broughton. Boothby.
Gateburton (Lees).
Iris foetidissima.
Careby Wood.
Tamus communis.
Convallaria majalis.
Allium oleraceum.
Broughton Wood.
Colchicum autumnale.
Flixborough.
Paris quadrifolia.
Scirpus Caricis.
Pond-side, Broughton.
Carex muricata.
Carex divulsa. Bourn Wood.
Calamagrostis lanceolata.
Easton Wood.
Avena pubescens.
About Bishopbridge (Lees).
Koeleria cristata.
Melica uniflora.
Festuca rigida.
Brachypodium pinnatum.
Asplenium Trichomanes.
Owston Ferry.
Asplenium Ruta-muraria.
Owston Ferry. Sawcliffe.
Polystichum aculeatum.
Polystichum angulare.
Burwell Wood, Louth.
Phegopteris Dryopteris.
Britten’s list.
Several of the plants in the above list do not seem to require
lime, but only a porous soil, and are, therefore, found also on sand.
The finest specimens of O7chis pyramidalis I ever saw, occur, for
instance, on sandy ground near the sea; and many others are met
with in as flourishing a state on alluvial sand as on limestone soil,
for example: Cerastium arvense, Ononis spinosa, Galium tricorne,
Solidago Virgaurea, Erigeron acre, Carlina vulgaris, Cynoglossum
officinale, Echium vulgare, Verbascum Thapsus, Plantago Coronopus,
Convallaria majalis, and Carex muricata.
June 1890.
Ty72
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION.
ANNUAL MEETING AT HULL.
THE 28th Annual Meeting was held in the Royal Institution, Hull,
on Wednesday, the 20th November, 1889, and the thanks of the
Union are due to the Hull Societies, and to the various local gentle-
men who had made the arrangements for the day’s proceedings.
The attendance was not quite so large as usual, Hull being so far
distant from the mass of the population of the county, but a con-
siderable number of local members were present, and some had
journeyed long distances, these being principally representatives of
the various local societies.
The Sections met at 4.0 o’clock for the consideration of their
reports and the election of their officers, and were followed at 4.30 by
the meeting of the General Committee, at which eleven Societies
were officially represented by delegates, and six others unofficially
by permanent members of the General Committee. In addition
to these gentlemen, the attendance included two ex- Presidents
(Dr. H.. C. Sorby, F-R.S., andmkev. W. Fowler; M.A); the two
Hon. Secretaries (Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., and Rev. E. P.
Knubley, M.A.), and one Hon. Assistant Secretary (Mr. Edgar R.
Waite), two members of the Executive, three Presidents and four
Secretaries of Sections, two of the Hon. Local Treasurers, and two
other permanent members of the General Committee, making a total
attendance of thirty-five members of Committee.
The chair was taken by Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., and the
minutes of the previous meeting taken as read. The 28th Annual
Report, which appears on- page 139 of ‘The Naturalist’ for May,
was read by the Rev. E. P. Knubley, M.A., one of the Secretaries,
and unanimously adopted, on the motion of Mr. J. J. Stead,
seconded by Mr. J. M. Kirk.
The Excursion-programme for 1890, which had been drawn up
by the Executive, was adopted as follows, on the motion of the
Rev. E. M. Cole, M.A., F.G.S., and Mr. S. A. Adamson, F.G.S
Whit-Monday, 26th May—Driffield for Lowthorpe.
Saturday, 14th June—Dewsbury for Bretton Park.
Tuesday, 8th July—Kildale-in-Cleveland.
Saturday, 2nd August, to Bank Holiday Monday, 4th August— Upper
Swaledale (Gunnerside, Kisdon, and Keld).
Thursday, 11th September—-Malham and Gordale (in connection with the
meeting of the British Association).
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. 173
The Secretary read a letter signed by Mr. J. W. Davis, F.S.A., F.G.S.,
on behalf of the Scientific Societies of Halifax and district, cordially
inviting the Union to hold its next Annual Meeting at Halifax. The
invitation was unanimously accepted, on the proposition of Mr. Jas.
Spencer and Dr. F. F. Walton.
The election of officers next took place, when the Rev. W.
Fowler, M.A., announced that the Lord Bishop of Wakefield had
accepted the Presidency for 1890.
Both the Hon. Secretaries (Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S.,
Leeds, and the Rev. E. Ponsonby Knubley, M.A., M.B.O.U.,
Staveley), and the Assistant Hon. Secretaries (Messrs. P. H.
Grimshaw and Edgar R. Waite, both of Leeds), were unanimously
re-elected, on the motion of the Revs. W. Fowler, M.A., and
FE. Maule Cole, M.A. The Hon. Librarian, Mr. Charles Brownridge,
F.G.S., was re-elected, as were also the ten retiring members of the
Executive, Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., "Liversedge; Messrs. S. A.
Adamson, F:°G:S. Leeds; J. W. Dawigge.s.A., F.G:S:, Halifax:
Wm. Cash, F.L.S., Halifax; C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Dewsbury ;
John Emmet, F.L.S., Boston Spa; Benj. Holgate, F.G.S., Leeds ;
H. T. Soppitt, Bradford; J. J. Stead) Heckmondwike ; and
M. B. Slater, F.L.S., Malton. Messrs. J. E. Bedford, F.G.S., and
C. D. Hardcastle, both of Leeds, were re-elected Hon. Auditors.
The following Hon. Local Treasurers were also re-elected—
Messrs. W. EH. Brady, Barnsley; QJ WD. Butterell, Beverley ;
Speight, Bradford; P. F: Leeg@@®ewsbury ;. Geo. Winter,
Doncaster; Thos. Bunker, Goole; Wm. Cash, F.L.S., Halifax ;
Edgar R. Waite, F.L-S:, beeds; MB? Slater, F.L-S., Malton;
T. F. Ward, Middlesbrough; T. H. Nelson, M.B.O.U., Redcar ;
Rev. R. A. Summerfield, B.A., Ripon; Messrs. J. H. Rowntree,
Scarborough ; W. N. Cheesman, Selby; A. T. Watson, Sheffield ;
J. J. Stead, Spen Valley ; Geo. Parkin, Wakefield ; Thos. Newbitt,
Whitby ; and G. C. Dennis, York, together with the following new
Treasurers—Messrs. L. B. Rass, F.C.S., Driffield; Riley Fortune,
¥.Z.S., Harrogate; John Stears, Hull; R. Barnes, Saltburn ;
H. Richardson, B.A., Sedbergh ; and Wm. Fletcher, Pickering.
The Committees of Research were then appointed.
The Yorkshire Boulder Committee was re-appointed, to consist
of Prof. L. C. Miall, F.L.S., F.G.S.9@ieeds (chairman); Messrs.
C. D. Hardcastle, Leeds (vice-chairman); S. A. Adamson, F.G.S.,
Leeds (hon. secretary) ; J. E. Bedford, F.G.S.,C. Brownridge, F.G.S.,
Leeds ; S. Chadwick, F.G.S., Malton; Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A.,
Wetwane > J) W. Davis, £.G.S., F.S.Agalifax ; Prof. A. H. Green,
M.A., F.R.S., Oxford ; Wm. Gregson, Baldersby ; B. Holgate, F.G.S.,
June 1890.
174 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL MEETING
Leeds ; Wm. Horne, F.G.S., Leyburn ; James Spencer, Halifax ;
T. Tate, F.G.S., Leeds; J. W. Wigodall, F.G.S., Scarborough; J. R-
Mortimer, Driffield, and R. Wood, M.D., Driffield, and the
Rev. H. W. Crosskey, M.A., as an honorary member.
The Yorkshire Marine Zoology Committee was re-appointed as
follows :—Dr. H. C. Sorby, LL.D., F.R.S., Sheffield (chairman) ;
Messrs. J. P. A. Davis, Halifax (hon. secretary) ; G. Brook, F.L.S.,
Edinburgh ; J. D. Butterell, Beverley; W. Eagle Clarke, F.L.S.,
Edinburgh; John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., Great Cotes; W. Cash,
F.L.S., Halifax; Rev. W. C. Higy, M.A., York; Baker Hudson,
M.C.S., Redear; T. H. Nelsom@MiB:O.U., Redcar; O. T. Olsenj
F.1.S., Grimsby; Rev. H. Smith, M.A., Redcar; J. W. Woodall,
M.A., F.G.S., Scarborough ; and Geo. Massee, F.R.M.S., Kew, as
Botanical Referee.
The Yorkshire Fossil Flora Committee was also re-appointed,
to consist of Prof. W. C. Williamson, LL.D., F.R.S., Manchester
(chairman); James W. Davis, F-L.S., F.G.S., F.S.A., Halifax
(vice-chairman) ; Wm. Cash, F.G.S., F.L.S., Halifax (hon. secretary) ;
Messrs. 5. A. Adamson, F.Gsgm@iteeds; Thos: Hick, B.A Bisce
Manchester; B. Holgate, Figs.) Leeds; R. Kidston, E-Gss
F.R.S.E-, Stirling ; Robert LawaglyG.S., Halifax; Prof. L. C. Mually
F.L.S., F.G:S., Leeds; James @epencer, Halifax; John Stubbins;
F.G.S., F.R.M.S., Leeds; and William West, F.L.S., Bradford.
The Yorkshire Coast Erosion Committee was re-appointed, to
consist of Mr. J. W. Woodall, F.G.S. (chairman), and the Rey. E. M.
ole, M.A. (hon. secretary), Wm J. C. VAnson, #-S:A., F.G.S:
Saltburn-by-the-Sea, and F. Fielder Walton, F.G.S., Hull.
It was then unanimously resolved that the present Section for
Micro-Zoology and Micro-Botany be transformed into a Committee
of Research, dealing with the same branch of study and working in
connection with the British Association Committee on the same
subject, to consist of Dr. Hi. aemsorby, LL.D.,. F..Res.) shetield
(chairman); J. M. Kirk, Doncaster (hon. secretary); W. West,
F.L.S., Bradford; Prof. Alfre@iDenny, F.L.S., Shefiteld; C:
Crawshaw, Dewsbury ; C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Dewsbury ; Rev. W. E.
Hancock, M.A., Knaresborough; Chas. Crossland, Halifax; and
M. H. Stiles, Doncaster.
A new Committee was then appointed to investigate the
causes of the Disappearance of Native Plants, to consist of the
following members :—C, P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Dewsbury (chairman) ;
P. F. Lee, Dewsbury (hon. secretary); J. Emmet, F.L.S., Boston
Spa; M. B. Slater, F.L.S., Malion; Rev. W. A. Shuffrey,, M.A,
Arncliffe; Rev. W. Thompson, M.A., Sedbergh; J. H. Phillips,
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. 175
Scarborough; ‘T. W. Woodhead, Huddersfield; H. T. Soppitt,
Bradford ; R. Barnes, Saltburn-by-the-Sea; and E. Birks, Sheffield.
A second new Committee was appointed to collect and record
Geological Photographs of Yorkshire, and to consist of J. W. Davis,
F.S.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Halifax (chairman) ; S. A. Adamson, F.G.S.,
Leeds (vice-chairman) ; J. E. Bedford, F.G.S., Leeds (hon. secretary) ;
Rev. E. M. Cole, M.A., F.G.S., Wetwang; Godfrey Bingley, Leeds ;
F. W. Branson, F.I.C., F.C.S., Leeds; G. Fowler Jones, Malton ;
A. E. Nichols, Leeds; and F. F. Walton, F.G.S., Hull.
The General Committee exercised its power to add to its own
number ten permanent members annually in favour of R. Barnes,
Saltburn ; Godfrey Bingley, Leeds; James Booth, F.G.S., Halifax ;
F. Brittain, Sheffield ; R. Fortune, Harrogate ; J. Gerrard, Wakefield;
H. Richardson, B.A., Sedbergh; F. J. Sawdon, M.D., Hull;
H. Speight, Bradford; and T. F. Ward, Middlesbrough.
The following gentlemen whose names had been duly proposed
and seconded in writing were unanimously elected Members of the
Union :—H. J. Barber, Brighouse; J. H. Buchanan, M.D., Thirsk ;
Wm. Cooper, C.E., Hull; H. T. Hallimond, Saltburn; A. M. Jackson,
Hull; A. O. Jones, M.D:, HarrogategBe 6. Le Tall, M.A., York ;
W. T. H. Nassau, Hull; A. E. Nichols, Leeds; Walter Roberts,
Doncaster; F. A. Scott, Hull; W. H. St. Quintin, J.P., Scampston;
M. L. Thompson, Saltburn; C. O. Trechmann, Ph.D., Hartlepool ;
and R. A. Worswick, Saltburn.
The Scarbro’ Field Naturalists’ Society having being duly
proposed, was admitted into the Union.
The secretaries of the sections then announced the election of
their officers as follows :—
B. Vertebrate Zoology.—Mr. Thos. Bunker, Goole, presi-
dent; Mr. James Backhouse, jun., F°Z.S., M.B.O.U., York, and
Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., Leeds, hon. secretaries ; all re-elected.
C. Conchology.— Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., York, president
(re-elected); Mr. John Emmet, F.L.S., Boston Spa (re-elected), and
Mr. L.. B. Ross, F.C.S., Driffield, hon.*secretaries.
D. Entomology.—Mr. Dobrée reported that want of attendance
at the meeting had prevented the election from taking place, where-
upon it was moved and carried unanimously that the officers be re-
elected as follows:—Mr. N. F. Dobrée, F.E.S., Beverley, president ;
Mr. W. E. Brady, Barnsley, and Mr. J. H. Rowntree, Scarborough,
hon. secretaries.
E. Botany.—Mr. C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Dewsbury, president ;
Mr. P. F. Lee, Dewsbury, and Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., Malton,
hon. secretaries ; all re-elected.
J une 1890.
176 NOTES AND NEWS.
F. Geology.—Rev. E. M. Cole, M.A., F.G.S., Wetwang, presi-
dent; Mr.S. A. Adamson, F.G.S., Leeds, and Mr. S. Chadwick, F.G.S.,.
Malton, hon. secretaries ; all re-elected.
The members then adjourned to the Café Royal, Saville Street,
where tea was provided.
The Annual Public Meeting was held at seven o’clock in the
Lecture Theatre of the Royal Institution, the chair being occupied
by the President, Mr. Henry E. Dresser, F.L.S., F.Z.S. The substance
of the Annual Report and the Excursion-Programme for 1890 were
announced to the meeting by the Rev. E. P. Knubley, M.A., M.B.O.U.,
after which the chair was vacated in favour of the Mayor of Hull
(Ald. John Sherburn, M.B.), who called upon Mr. Dfesser to deliver
the annual Presidential Address, entitled ‘A few remarks on Natural
History, past and present, together with Notes on a recent Trip to:
Spain.’ The President prefaced his remarks by an expression of the
extreme gratification it afforded him to preside over a meeting of
Yorkshire Naturalists, especially in the town of Hull, for, essentialiy
a Yorkshireman (as not a drop of blood flows in his veins but what
is pure Yorkshire) he was half a Hull man, and spent some of his.
earlier days in that town. He then proceeded to give a short sketch
of the gradual growth of the Study of Natural History, and more
especially of Ornithology, to the study of which he had from
childhood devoted his spare time.
At the conclusion of the address a vote of thanks, proposed by
Dr. Lambert and seconded by Dr. Walton, was unanimously passed
to the President, as was also a cordial vote of thanks to the Hull
Societies for their kind and hospitable reception.
A hearty vote of thanks, accorded to the Mayor of Hull, brought
the proceedings to a close.—E.R.W.
NOTES AND NEWS.
The names recently added to the Geological Society of London include those
of Messrs. Bernard Hobson, B.Sc., of Shettield, and G. W. Lamplugh of Brid-
lington Quay. Mr. Lamplugh has made numerous contributions to the glacial
and general geology of East Yorkshire.
—— »0o-k —— -—-——
One of the new selections for the honour of F.R.S. is Mr. J. J. H. Teall,
M.A., F.G.S., formerly of Nottingham, and now attached to the Geological
Survey ; author of several valuable papers on north-country geology and petrology.
oo ——_
Another of them is a compliment to natural history research of the old sterling
stamp; and zoologists generally will be gratified to learn that the Royal Society’s
fellowship is to be conferred upon so worthy a naturalist as the Rev. Alfred Merle
Norman, D.C.L., of Burnmoor Rectory, co. Durham.
poo
In the Entomological Society’s Transactions for 1889, Mr. G. T. Porritt,
F.L.S., has a short paper on an extraordinary race of d7ctia mendica and figures
three males and fifteen females, exhibiting striking deviations from the ordinary
type, all bred in 1888 and 1889 from specimens found at Grimescar near Hudders-
field. The exquisite coloured plate is from the pencil of Mr. S. L. Mosley, F.E.S.
Natvralist,
177
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Papers and records published with respect to the Natural History and
Physical Features of the North of England.
BIRDS, 1888.
THE present instalment includes a few titles of earlier date which
have hitherto escaped notice.
The remarks prefixed to the Bird-bibliography for 1886 (published
in the Naturalist for May 1889, p. 145) are equaliy applicable to the
present intalment. °
ANON. [not signed]. Cumberld., Durh., Northb. S., Yorksh., Cheviotld.
List of . . . Donations to the Museum... of the Natural History
Society [of Newcastle-on-Tyne], from June, 1877, to August, 1887
[1879—nest and egg of Cypselus apus taken at Carlisle, and of Cotz/e riparia
at Durham, June 3rd, 1878 (F. Raine); 1880—a young Rook (Corvus frugi-
legus) with white feathers in each wing, shot at Blaydon-on-Tyne (Thomas
Thompson) ; 1881—nest of Dipper (Crnclus aguaticus) taken at Ebchester,
April 25th, 1878 (D. Embleton); male specimen of the Summer Duck
(Dendronessa sponsa) from Leazes Park, Newcastle (Mr. Wilson) ; 1882—egg
of Rhea americana \aid at Chirton Cottage, North Shields, July 17th, 1882
(J. F. Spence); hybrid between Azas boschas and A. acuta shot near New-
castle, Feb. 1835 (W. C. Trevelyan) ; Common Wild Duck (Azas boschas),
variety with great deal of white, shot at Fenham Flats, 23rd Feb., 1883
(E. O. Reid); egg of Rhea americana laid at Chirton Cottage, 3rd July,
1883 (J. F. Spence) ; Fork-tailed Petrel (Procellarta leucorrhoa) killed against
telegraph wires near Brandling Place, Oct. 1882 (R. Howse); immature
Merlin (alco salon) shot at White House (J. S. Forster); young male
Sparrowhawk (Acczpiter nésus) taken at Shipcote (Dr. H. S. Pattinson) ;
female ditto taken at Beaufront (L. W. Adamson) ; Common Wren ( 77og/o-
dytes parvulus) taken at Moorlands (J. G. Fenwick) ; 1884—nest of Wheatear
(Saxzcola enanthe) found in a large heap of sandstone, bricks and slag at
Nest House, Gateshead (Mr. Robson); skeleton of Rhea americana, which
died at Chirton, Aug. 1884 (J. F. Spence); Young Heron (Ardea cinerea)
shot at Bamburgh (J. I. Maling); two Purple Sandpipers (77¢nga striata)
shot near Bamburgh (Id.); Common Pochard (F2digula ferina) shot at Gos-
forth Lake (R. S. Garwood) ; two Razorbills (A/ca torda) and one Guillemot
(Lomvia trovle) from Northumberland coast (J. I. Maling); two Roseate
Terns (Sterna dougall7) one mature and one young, Northumberland coast
(C. M. Adamson); male and female Shoveller (Satula clypeata) shot at
Gosforth (N. Dunn); nest of young Kestrels ( 7Zz722nculus alaudarius) taken
near Alnwick (N. Dunn) ; hybrid Swan bred at Gosforth Lake in 1883, cross
between female Cyynus ferus and male C. olor (N. Dunn—refer to p. 281 for
account of the crossing) ; Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis) with white
wings shot at Lorbottle, October 12th, 1885 (John Noble) ; a fine male Great
Bustard (O¢¢s tarda) said to have been killed in Yorkshire (Misses Crawhall) ;
mature male Pochard (Fudligula ferina) shot at Gosforth (N. Dunn); three
white eggs of Sparrow (Passer domesticus) taken at Gosforth Park, 1882
(Wm. Charlton); 1886—Common Wild Duck (Aas boschas) shot at Gosforth
(N. Dunn); Little Grebe (Zachybaptes fluviatilis) in winter dress, caught in
pond at Felling, July 1885, in summer dress, pinioned and kept in Leazes
Park, Newcastle, until Feb. 1886 (W. Wilson); two eggs of Water Hen
(Gallinula chloropus) from Cleadon, one showing the chick having burst the
shell, the other showing the chip on the egg previous to bursting the shell
(H. C. Abbs); four eggs of Sandwich Tern (Sterna cantzaca), Farne Islands
(Sam. Graham); eggs of Black-headed Gull (Larus vidibundus), from Hal-
lington Reservoir (J. R. Forster) ; Greenshank ( Zotanus grisens=canescens),
June 1890. M
178 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
shot at Beadnell (Alex. Yellowley); Common Tern (Stev2a fluviatilis), young,
killed against telegraph-wires, Cragside, Rothbury, Sep. 1886 (Sir W. G.
Armstrong); Kestrel (Z?sz2nculis alaudarius) shot at Cleadon (H. C.
Abbs); Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis) in first plumage, shot in
Northumberland (John Hancock); immature Herring Gull (Zarus argentatus),
Northumberland coast (John Jackson); Merlin (Aa@/co salon) and female
Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dezdrocopus major) shot at Long Benton (Edwin
Bold); .1887—Spotted Flycatcher (A/wsicapa grisola), killed in Summerhill
Grove in summer 1885 (John C. Forster); one Brown Owl (Syvaeum aluco),
two Cuckoos (Czculus canorus), five Crossbills (Loxta cervirostra), Jack
Snipe (Lzmnocryptes gallinula), Water Rail (Ralls aguaticus), Black-throated
Diver (Colymbus arcticus), female Pochard (/uligula ferina), and male Teal
(Querguediula crecca)—all from Belsay, Northumberland S. (Sir A. E. Mid-
dleton): three Red Grouse (Lagopus scotics) near Featherstone Castle (Id.) ;
Tufted Duck (Aulzgula cristata) and Golden Eye (Clangula glaucton) from
Capheaton (Id.); young White Sparrow (Passer domesticus) killed at North
Seaton, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, June 1887 (— Bell); immature male Sabine’s
Gull (Xeva sabznzz) shot near Seaham Harbour, Oct. roth, 1879 (F. Raine)].
Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb., Durham and Newc.,vol.g, Part 2 (1888),276 285.
ANON. [not signed]. York S.E.
[Rissa tridactyla, albino, shot at Flamborough]. Land and Water, Nov. 13th,
1886, p. 483.
ANON. [not signed]. Derbyshire.
The Snow in Yorkshire and Derbyshire [damaging to Grouse (Lagopus
scoticus), attracting Pheasants (Phaséanas colchicus) and Partridges (Perdix
cinerea) to farm-yards, and Wild Geese (Azse7, query species) flying over the
county]. Field, March 3rd, 1888, p. 287.
ANON. [signed A.N.C. ]. Derbyshire.
Kite [JZ@/vus regalis| in South Derbyshire [captured on Hullandward
Common, 30th March ; measurements given]. Field, April 14th, 1888, p. 536.
Anon. [signed B. (Haigh, Wigan)]. anes (S:
Abnormally-shaped Plovers[=Peewits, Vanellus vulgaris|’ Eggs [near
Haigh, Wigan, 2% in. x rf in., and are double-yolked, 25 in. long]. Field,
April 21st, 1888, p. 547.
ANON. [signed W.P.S. ]. Notts.
Arrival of Summer Birds [at Nottingham; Saxicola wnanthe, April 15th].
Field, April 21st, 1888, p. 547.
ANON. [signed W. ]. Vorky
Fieldfare [Zurdus pilaris] nesting in Yorkshire [not far from York; details
of habitat given]. Field, May 26th, 1888, p. 763.
Anon. [signed F.E., Elvet Hill, Durham]. Durham.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [two seen May 25th, 1888, about half a mile out of
Durham]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 839.
ANON. [not signed]. Westmorland.
Dotterel [Audromias morinellus]| in the Lake District [account of conviction
of a man under the Wild Bird Act, and of John Watson’s evidence in the
case]. Zool., July 1888, 3rd series, xii. 270.
ANON. [not signed]. Lanc. S.
The Nightjar [(Caprimuleus europeus) arrived on sandhills between South-
port and Ainsdale, 21st May, 1888; Stockdove (Columba wnas) and Wheatear
(Saxicola ananthe) recorded as particularly numerous there, and breeding].
Research, July 1888, p. 13.
ANON. [not signed]. York S.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union [at Saddleworth, 16th june, 1888;
Lagopus scoticus, Cuculus, Turdus torguatus, Cinclus, Motactlla lugubris,
and Sex/icola ananthe noted]. Research, July 1888, p. 14.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 179
ANON. [signed Stormy Petrel]. Isle of Man.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Syrriapies paradoxus) in the Isle of Man; three
shot out of thirty]. Field, July 7th, 1888, p. 5.
ANON. [signed ‘R. S.’]. Cheshire.
The Nightjar [(Caprimulgus eurvopeus) nesting at Bidston Hill (8th Aug.,
1886) described at length]. Research, Aug. 1888, p. 28.
ANON. [not signed]. York N.E.
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union [at Robin Hood’ s Bay, 16th July, 1888: Corvus
monedula, Emberiza citrinella, Sylvia cinerea noted]. Research, Aug. 1888,
p. 29.
ANON. [signed R.B.L.]. Durham, Westmorland, York N.W.
In Upper Teesdale [an angling paper, with incidental mention of 7¥ns22n-
culus and Falco peregrinus at Cauldron Snout]. Field, Aug. 11th, 1888, p. 214.
ANON. [signed H.T. (Nottingham)]. Notts.
Curious [buff] Variety of Blackbird [(Zurdus merula) shot at Cotgrave
near Nottingham, Aug. 15th, 1888]. Field, Aug. 25th, 1888, p. 279.
Notts., York Mid W. and N.E.,
ANON. [various observers]. Cumberland, Lanc. S.
Migrant Table, No. 12, 1888 [including observations made at Nottingham
(C. S. Watson), Leeds (E. 5S. Pickard), Rawdon (Report), York (nine names),
Thirsk (Ernest Foggitt), Penketh (J. T. Gumersall), and Wigton (Report),
upon Saxicola enanthe, Phylloscopus rufus, P. trochtlus, LHirundo, Cotile,
Chelidon, Pratincola rubetra, Anthus trivialis, Motacilla ravi, Sylvia atri-
capilla, Cuculus, Rutictlla phenicurus, Sylvia cinerea, S. curruca, Acroce-
phalus phragmitis, Locustella neevia, Crex, Muscicapa atricapilla, Cypselus,
Tringoides, Sylvia hortensis, and Muscicapa grisola; the dates average four
days iater than the late dates of 1887, and 74 days behind the mean of twelve
years]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Sept. 15th, 1888, xii. 140.
ANON. [not signed]. Notts.
The Weather and the Swallows [quite exhausted at Worksop through
cold, 13th July, 1888]. Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, teste Harold
Davy ; ; Nat: Hist. Journ., Sept. 15th, 1888, xii. 140.
Anon. [Ed. Zoologist]. Cumberland.
Reported Nesting of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [Sy7rhaptes paradoxus| in
Cumberland [a gross imposition exposed]. Zool., Oct. 1888, 388.
Anon. [signed Worksop]. Notts.
Late Brood of Pheasants [(Phas‘anus colchicus); seven hatched, Sept. 21st,
1886, at Blyth, Notts.]. Field, Oct. 2nd, 1888, p. 510.
ANON. [signed H.L. (Barasford, Northumberland) ].
A Late Brood of Swallows [(//rundo rustica) in a wooden porch at
Barasford, Northumberland, Oct. Ist]. Field, Oct. 6th, 1888, p. 509.
ANON. [Ed. Nat. Hist. Journ. ]. York N.E.
White Storks [Ciéconta alba] at Scarbro [April 8th and May 24th, 1888,
and June roth, 1886]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1888, xii. 167.
ANON. [not signed]. — York S.W.
Ackworth (Boys’) Reports [Dezdrocopus major noted; Fuligula ferina and
E-mberiza schaniclus near Hemsworth Dam; Querguediula crecca at Thorne ;
nest of Regulus cristatus in tree at Brockendale (inhabited by them for three
years); and nidification at Ackworth of hylloscopus trochilus, Sylvia hor-
tensts, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Anthus trivialis, Musctcapa grisola, and
Ligurinus]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1888, xii. 158.
ANON. [not signed]. Lincolnshire.
The Zoological Society of London. Additions to the Menagerie
[Nov. Ist, one Knot (77inga canutus), Lincolnshire, presented by Chas.
Whymperl. Field, Nov. roth, 1888, p. 681. [Nov. 17th, two Charadrius
pluvialis, Lincolnshire]. Field, Nov. 24th, 1888, p. 759.
June 1890.
180 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
ANon. [signed R.H.W.L.]. York S.E-
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) nesting near Beverley].
Field, Dec. Ist, 1888, p. 801.
ANON. [newspaper paragraph]. [anc o>
Golden Eagle [(Agzla chrysaétos) taken alive, wounded, at Quarlton near
Bolton. This was erroneous, the species being Ha/iaétas albiczlla|. Nat.
Hist. Journ., Dec. 15th, 1888, xii. 248.
ANON. [Sci. Goss., Nov. 1888]. York N.E.
Curious Nesting-places [7wrdus meru/a built on a pair of steps hanging
against a wall at Heslington Hall, near York]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Dec. 15th,
1888, xii. 248.
C. M. ADAMSON. Near Newcastle.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) near Newcastle; discussion
at length of various points]. Field, Oct. 2oth, 1888, p. 555.
Henry F. ALLISON. York S.E.
Wild Birds’ Protection Act [has been very effective at Flamborough, pro-
moting increase of Lomvia trotle and Alca torda in particular; Larus
argentatus nested, 1886 and 1888, not in 1885]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. $40.
H. F. ALLISON. (ine. Ne
A Lincolnshire Gullery [at Twigmoor near Brigg; description of place
given; species not stated, doubtless Larus ridébundis). Field, June 16th,
1888, p. 853.
C. ASHFORD. York N.E.
Lapwing [Vavellus vulgaris|—Diversity of Eggs [in size; measurements
of examples taken on Flixton Moor near Scarborough, 1869 and 1871].
Nat., April 1888, p. 114.
J. BackHousge, Jun. Cumberland, York N.W., Durham.
Notes on and Additions to the Avi-fauna of Upper Teesdale [the notes
refer to Cénclus, Falco peregrinus, Acctpiter nisus, Sula, Helodromas, Fuligula
ferina—the last three being ‘additions,’ Qdemia nigra, Lantus excubitor
(erroneously reported before as ZL. collurio), Numenius pheopus, Lanius
collurio, Muscicapa grisola, Eudromias, Tringa alpina, Tringotdes, Nunienius
arquata, Loxia curvirostra, and Chrysomitris spinus]. Nat., March 1888,
pp: 79-80.
JAMES BACKHOUSE, jun. York N.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Lower Wensleydale [at Leyburn,
21st May, 1888; nesting of Larus redibundus, Totanus calidris, Numentus
arquata, Ruticilla phanicurus, and Vanellus; occurrence of Phy/loscopus
trochilus and three AZotacille). Nat., June 1888, p. 177. ;
J. BACKHOUSE, jun. Works Sai.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Market Weighton [6th Aug.,
1888; Syrrhaptes not seen during the day, though present in the district].
Nat., Sept. 1888, p. 278.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York S.E.
Flamborough Bird-notes [two notes ; /7a¢ercw/a in abundance; departure
of Lomvia trotle and Alca torda; Puuffinus anglorwm in great numbers ;
Sterna cantiaca; increase in numbers of Lomvza trovle, Alca torda, Frater-
cula, and Rissa, also of Larwzs minutus; occurrence of F2/marus glacialis,
Xema sabini, and Phalaropus fulicarius ; arrival of Corvus cornix, Regulus
cristatus, Turdus torqguatus, and Scolopax vusticola; all the notes are for
August to October 1887]. Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 15.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York S.E.
Albino Kittiwake [A’ssa (ridactyla| at Flamborough [shot 15th November,
1887; description given]. Nat., Feb. 1888, p. 54.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. i8t
MATTHEW BaltLey. York) S:E%
Flamborough Notes [anent O¢ocorys aipestris in 1865 and 1886, and large
numbers of Columba livia, Turdus pilarts, T. iliacus, T. musicus, 7. merula,
Vanellus, Charadrius pluvialis, Sturnus, and Alauda arvensis). Nat.,
April 1888, p. 114.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York S.E.
The Irruption of Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus|
Flamborough, Yorkshire [June 15th, etc.]. Nat., July 1888, p. 198.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York S.E.
Notes from Flamborough [arrivals of Rutictlla phenicurus, Saxicola enanthe,
Hirundo rustica, Cuculus, Muscicapa, Turdus torquatus, and Cypselus apus,
all in April 1888]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 242.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York S.E.
The Solan Goose [Sz/a dbassana] near Bridlington [found dead at Sewerby].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 234.
MATTHEW BAILEY. York: $.E.
Flamborough Bird-notes [Cucalus, Caprimulgus, Motacille, Ruticilla, and
Saxicola noted on departure]. Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 330.
‘GEO. BARCHARD. York S.E.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [three shot 20th May, 1888, at Mapletown, three miles
south of Hornsea; details given]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 839.
GEO. BARCHARD. York S.E.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) seen in flocks at Mapleton
and Cowden, June 7th and 8th]. Field, June 16th, 1888, p. 854.
GEO. BARCHARD. York S.E.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaples paradoxus) arrived at Mapleton, East
Riding, again, on 28th June to July 5th]. Field, July 14th, 1888, p. 53.
HucGu BARcray. Cheviotland.
Preservation of Sea Birds on the Farne Islands [extracts from printed
report detailing results of steps taken to this end ; Sterna macrura, S. fluzvia-
tilis, S. cantiaca, Somateria mollissima, Larus fuscus, L. argentatus,
Hemuatopus, Eudromias, Fratercula, Lomvia, Phalacrocorax carbo referred to].
Field, Oct. 6th, 1888, p. 509.
Hucu G. BARCLAY. Cheviotland.
The Protection of Sea Birds on the Farne Islands [being report on the
nesting or occurrence during 1888 of Sterna cantiaca, S. macrura, S. fluvia-
telis, Somateria mollissima, Larus fuscus, L. argentatus, Hematopus,
Eudromias, Fratercula, Lomvia, and Sterna dougallz|. Zool., Nov. 1888,
3rd Series, xii. 431.
Dora BARKWORTH. Work S.E.
Swallows nesting on a Curtain Pole [at Raywell near Hull, in 1887
and 1888 ; details given, but species not stated]. Field, June 16th, 1888, 853.
Dora BARKWORTH. York S.E.
Sequel to the Story of the Swallow’s Nest on a Curtain Pole [a second
nest made and young duly hatched, at Raywell near Hull]. Field, Oct. 2oth,
1888, p. 556.
EDWARD BIDWELL. Notts.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) in Sherwood Forest ; account
of their occurrence and of a visit to the flock]. Field, Aug. 4th, 1888, p. 190.
F. Boyes. Works.
Reappearance of Pallas’s Sand Grouse in Europe [noting its reappearance
in East Yorkshire on the anniversary of its appearance there in 1863; details
of locality of flock seen May 2oth, not given; P.S. states thirty seen near
Spurn on 25th]. Field, May 26th, 1888, p. 763.
June 1890.
182 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
F. Boyes. York S.E.
Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaftes paradoxus) in East Yorkshire ; great destruction.
since nesting commenced]. Field, June 23rd, 1888, p. 901.
F. Boyes. York S.E.
Night-Cry of the Moorhen [(Gal/inzla chloropus) at Beverley, described].
Field, Sep. 8th, 1888, p. 373.
F. Boyes. ; York SE;
Sparrows [(Passer domesticus and P. montanus] OSS Hs in Burrows [of
Cotile riparia]. Field, Nov. 1oth, 1888, p. 680.
F. Boyes. York S.E.
Breeding of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Sy7rhaftes paradoxus); notes on
habits]. Field, Nov. roth, 1888, p. 680.
I’. Boyes. York S.E.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Sy7rhaptes paradoxus) in East Yorkshire ; the note
is partly controversial, but includes notes on occurrence, breeding, habits, etc. |.
Field, Dec. 8th, 1888, p. 842.
F. Boyes. York S.E.
Note of the Jack Snipe [(Zemzocryptes gallinula) as noted near Beverley].
Field, Dec. 8th, 1888, p. $43.
W. D. BRAITHWAITE. York S.W.
A Wounded Kingfisher [A/ceda zspzda] on the Went [picked up 2nd March,
1888]. Nat. Hist. Journ., April 14th, 1888, p. 71.
JAMEs BRIGHAM. York N.E.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse K Syrrhaptes paradoxus); six seen at Slingsby, York-
shire, June 9th]. Field, June 16th, 1888, p. 854.
FRANK BROADBENT. Notts.
Hooded Crow [Corvus cornix| attacking a Rat [at South Collingham near
Newark]. Field, March 24th, 1888, p. 424.
P. J. H. BRoGDoN. Line, S.
[Cream-coloured] Variety of the Redwing [( 72dus z/acus) winged from |
a flock of this species and 7. fz/aris, near Spalding, 27th January, 1888 ;
described]. Field, Feb. 4th, 1888, p. 159.
C. E. Brown. York Mid W.
Rough-Legged Buzzard [Archibuteo lagopus) near Leeds [at Meanwood,
November 6th]. Field, Nov. roth, 1888, p. 680.
THOMAS BUNKER. York’ S.E-
Yorkshire and Lancashire Naturalists at Saddleworth [June 16th, 1888;
Turaus musicus, T. merula, 7. torguatus, Cinclus, Erithacus, Accentor,
Alauda arvensis, Emberiza citrinella, E. miliaria, Sturnus, Lagopits scoticus,
Pica caudata, Saxicola ananthe, Anthus trivialis, and Cucwdlus noted).
Nat., July 1888, p. 212.
THOMAS BUNKER. York N.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Robin Hood’s Bay [July 16th,
1888; Corvus monedula, Sylvia atricapilla, Emberiza citrinella (with nest
and eggs), Z27dus merula, T. musicus, Sturnus, Vanellus (already in flocks),
Accentor, Passer domesticus, Syloia cinerea, and Anthus pratensis noted].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 238.
A. H. Burtt. York N.E.
Goosander [Jergus merganser| shot near Sherburn [in late January, 1888].
Nat. Hist. Journ., Feb. 15th, 1888, p. 24.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. York Mid W. or S.W.
Crested Tit [Parus cristatus] near Keighley [in Aug. 1887; Helodromas
ochropus and Totanus calidris at Many-Wells, Sep. toth, 1887]. Nat.,
Jan. 1888, p. 15.
Naturalist,.
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 183
E. P. P. BurrerFIELD. York S.W.
Black-throated Diver [Co/ymbus arcticus| near Bingley [shot at Manywells
Jast winter ; the only specimen on record for district]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 236.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. ‘ York Mid W.
Unusual Nesting-site for Missel Thrush [(7%rdus vesczvo7 ws) near Barden
Moor ; nesting of A/wscicapa fuctuosa in Barden Tower also noted}. Nat.,
Sep. 1888, p. 264.
H. S. BYERs. York N.W.
Bittern [Botawrus stellaris| near Ripon [at Norton Conyers, Jan. 1587].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 242.
C. CANDLER. Linc. N.
Rough-legged Buzzard [Archibuteo lagopus] in Lincolnshire [at Revesby
near Boston, Nov. 1888]. Field Nov. 24th, 1888, p. 759.
BasIL CARTER. York N.W.
Robin [Zrithacus rubecula] caught in a Mouse-trap {at Burton [louse,
Masham]. Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 330.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Climatic Phenomena and Curious Effect of the late Fog in North
Yorkshire [upon Columba palumbus, described]. Field, Jan. 21st, 1888, p. 87.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Effects of [severe] weather on game [Zagofws scoticus and Perdix cinerea]
in North Yorkshire [near Masham; appearance of four swans (¢ yg7v-5,
species not determined) on the Yore noted]. Field, March 24th, 1888, p. 424.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Early Nesting of the Brown Ow! [(.Sv77eeum aluco) at Masham ; dates given
for five years, earliest being March Sth, 1884]. Field, March 3ist, 1888, p. 461.
JAMES. CARTER. York N.W.
Notes from [Masham in] North Yorkshire [Saxicola wnanthe arrived
30th March; Anthus pratensis and Motacilla melanope in great numbers ;
ercix cinerca killed by Corvus frugilegus when weakened by severe weather].
Field, April 7th, 1888, p. 472.
J. CARTER. York N.W.
Arrival of Summer Birds [at Masham; Cofzle, Phylloscopus trochilus, and
P. rufus, al on April 17th]. Field, April 2tst, 1888, p. 547-
JAMES CARTER. | York N.W.
Notes from North Yorkshire [Masham; 7Zotanus calidris arrived April
ath, Hirundo and 7ringoides on 16th; Syrnium aluco noted with five eggs].
Field, April 21st, 1888, p. 547.
JAMES CARTER. York Mid W. or N.W.
Golden Oriole [Or7olus galbula] in Yorkshire [found dead at Hob Green
near Ripon; seen by recorder on 3rd May]. Field, May roth, 1888, p. 702.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Notes from [Masham in] North Yorkshire [nesting of Zo/anus calidris
and Dendrocopus minor, decrease of Muscicapa luctiuosa and Alcedo ispida,
nesting of 7ringoides and Ruticilla phanicurus (on the ground)]. Field,
June 2nd, 1888, p. 798.
JAMES CARTER. York Mid W.
The Present Visitation of Sand-Grouse [(Syrrhaftes paradoxus) one tele-
graphed near Boroughbridge, 24th May; same day eight more seen a few
miles distant]. Field, June 2nd, 1888, p. 797.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Notes from [Masham in] North Yorkshire [anent appearance of Zgialetis
hiaticula in spring 1888; never observed before, although Sgzvataro/a,
Procellaria pelagica, Tringa alpina, Helodromas, and Eudromias morenellus
have been noted]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 840.
June 1890.
184 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
THOMAS CARTER. York N.W. and Mid W.
Movements of Grouse [Zagopus scoticus| in Hard Weather [suffering very
severely about Masham, as also did Partridges (Perdéx cinerea); editorial
note appended as to similar movements of Grouse near Ilkley, Arthington,
Weeton, and Harewood]. Zool., March 1888, x. 107.
ALFRED C. CHAPMAN. ‘Northumberland.’
Habits of the Tawny Owl [(Syrndaum aluco); with reference to its nesting
in Northumberland]. Field, April 14th, 1888, p. 536.
ALFRED CRAWHALL CHAPMAN. Durham or Northumberland.
Breeding of Pallas’ Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) and note as to
a flock in the North-east of England]. Field, Sep. 1st, 1888, p. 316.
JosEPH CHAPPELL. Lanc. S., Cheshire.
Bigamy and Polygamy among Starlings [(S¢wrnuws vulgaris) near Man-
chester and Altrincham, several instances; one also of Jackdaws (Corvus
monedula)|. Young Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 182.
R. W. CHASE. York S.E., Cheviotland.
Notes upon the Recent Occurrence of Pallas’ Sand Grouse [giving
notes and dates of specimens at Welwick near Patrington, Spurn, Holy
Island, Flamborough, etc.]. Midl. Nat., July 1888, pp. 186-7.
W. E. CLARKE. York S.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hatfield Chace [Sept. 21st, 1887 ;
Fratincola rubicola and Circus cyaneus observed during the day; TZetrao
tetrix and Columba anas, locally captured, exhibited at the meeting]. WNat.,
March 1888, pp. 84-85.
W. EAGLE CLARKE. York S.E.
Nightingale [Dawdias luscinia] near Beverley [in May, 1888]. Nat., June,
1888, p. 160.
W. EAGLE CLARKE. York N.E.
White Stork [ Crconza alba] near Scarborough [one picked up ‘ recently’ i.e.
in May? 1888]. Nat., June 1888, p. 169.
W. EAGLE CLARKE. York Mid W., S.E., S.W. and N.W., Notts.
Irruption of Pallas’ Sand-grouse [(Syrrhaples paradoxus) into Yorkshire
(Leeds, Spurn, Ardsley, Goole. Flamborough, Norton-le-Clay), Notts.
(Clifton), etc., in May 1888]. Nat., June 1888, p. 170; rep. Sci. Goss.,
July 1888, p. 164.
W. EAGLE CLARKE. York S.E.
Arrival of Crossbills [Zoxia curvirostra] on the Yorkshire [Holderness]
Coast. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 224.
W. EAGLE CLARKE. ‘Lancashire.’
The Eared Chat [Savicola albicollis Vieill.| not a British Bird [the species
which occurred in Lancashire being S. stapfazina]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 234.
Wm. EAGLE CLARKE. York Mid W.
Purple Heron [Ardea purpurea] in West Yorkshire [shot at Farnley near
Otley, 20th April, 1888, now in possession of Rev. F. Fawkes]. Nat.,
Nov. 1888, p. 330.
Wm. EAGLE CLARKE. York S.E.
Weight of Sand Grouse [(.Sy77haftes paradoxus) a couple shot at Hollym in
Holderness, Nov. 19th, weighed 11 and 12 0z. |. Field, Dec. 22nd, 1888, p.g12.
Lanc. W., Cumberland, Derby, Yorkshire,
iD eA COCKRELL. Lincs., Cheviotland, Northumberland. .
North of England Specimens in the British Collection at the British
Museum [4 7ser brachyrhynchus (Lancs); Lernicla leucopsis and B. canadensis
(Cumberland) ; /a/co esa/on (Lanecs.)and young (Derbyshire), Covaczas garrula
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 185
(York) 3 Zvrdus torguatus and Pagophila eburnea (VY orkshire) ; 7ringa canutus
and Philomachus fugnax (Lincs.), Sterna cantiaca (Karnes), 77¢énga subarquata
(Lytham); Aémantopus candidus (Lines.), and Zetrao tetrix (Wallington,
Northumberland)]}. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 227.
E. M. Cote. York S.E.
[Nesting of Norfolk Plover (Qdicnemus scolopax) on the Wolds, at
Kiplingcotes and elsewhere]. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 278.
E. MAULE COLE. York S.E.
Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [Sy7vhaptes paradoxus| at Wetwang-on-the-Wolds [a
brace seen Sep. 6, 1888; cry noted]. Nat., Dec. 1888, p. 354.
A. COLLINSON, Secretary. York N.E.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [Excursion to Scarbro’, June 14th,
eggs of Sylvia hortensts and Anthus trivialis (J. F. Hills); at Rievaulx,
May 22nd, Musctcapa atricapilla and eggs of Lagopus scoticus (Harris Smith) ].
Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1888, xii. 160.
A. COLLINSON. York N.E.
[Mealy Redpoll (Lznota linaria) and 15 Long-tailed Tits (Acredula
rosea) seen near Nova Scotia Wood]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Nov. 15th, 1888,
X11. 203.
A. COLLINSON [Secretary]. York N.E., etc.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [ornithological notes aneunt
Hirundo rustica, Oct. 13th; Str7x flammea, Ruticilla phenicurus, Sylvia
cinerea, Ardea cinerea, Tachybaptes fluviatilis, and Acctpiter rtsis, Sept.
13th; all near York and Strensall]. N.H. Journ., Nov. 15th, 1888, xi. 203.
H. HH. CorBeEtTr. Lanc. S., Cheshire.
Bigamy in Birds [three Corvus monedula making one nest in a Bolton church
in 1888; similar case some years at Cheadle Hulme with S¢uvnus ; others
with Vanellus, Hirundo, Chelidon, Corvus frugilegus, and LEmberiza
scheniclus}. Young Nat., April or May, 1888, ix. 104.
JoHN CORDEAUX. York N.E. and S.E., Cheviotld., Durham, Linc. N.
[Migration of Birds] Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. John
Cordeaux (Secretary), Professor A. Newton, Mr. J. A. Harvie-Brown,
Mr. William Eagle Clarke, Mr. R. M. Barrington, and Mr. A. G. More, re-
appointed at Birmingham for the purpose of obtaining (with the consent of
the Master and Brethren of the Trinity House and the Commissioners of
Northern and Irish Lights) observations on the Migration of Birds at Light-
houses and Lightvessels . . . [this abstract report deals with the importance
of the various parts of the coast, and with the usual routes followed by birds
on migration; a few notes on special birds are given, including Ra//us
aguaticus at Spurn and Coquet Island, Dendrocopis major in North Lincs.,
and other birds on the English east coast are mentioned]. 57th Rep. Brit.
Ass., Manchester Meeting (1887), 1888, pp. 70-73.
JOHN CORDEAUX. York S.E.
Heligoland [with casual references to Améeriza rustica, Sylvia nisoria,
Saxicola desertz, Arctic Bluethroat, and Ofocorys alpestrvis at Spurn]. Nat.,
Jan. 1888, p. I.
Joun CorpEAvux, Linc. N., York S-E.
Ornithological Notes from North Lincolnshire [for 1887; /7at/ncola
rubicola, Anas boschas, Mareca, Anser albifrons, and Plectrophanes nivalis
noted January 5th (hard frost); Az‘hes pratensis, Motactlla luigubris, and
Pratincola rubicola on January 7th (hard frost); Rzssa, Fuligula maréla,
Squatarola, Agialitts hiaticula, Tringa canutus, 7. alpina, Larus rid?-
bundus, Fuligula ferina on the mud-flats, 12th January ; Zwrdus wiscivoris
re-appeared 26th January ; Zzosa dapponica shot near Cleethorpes, Feb. 4th;
Fuligula marila, Feb. 8th; Tringa canutus, Feb. 24th; Vanellus paired
Feb. 25th ; Motacilla lugubris, first seen Feb. 25th ; Anthus pratensis, Feb.
June 1890.
18% BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888,
25th; Saxicola ananthe, numerous April 5th; Lzzota rufescens and Parus
ater britannicus, April 7th; Triga alpina in summer plumage, May toth ;
Sguatarola and both Numenzz, May toth ; Corvus corone nesting May roth;
four Daulias, May ioth; Limosa, Agialitis hiaticula, Tringa alpina and
both Mumeniz, May 12th; WV. arquata, Aug. 6th; Phylloscopus trochilus
migrating Aug. 7th; Wild Geese, Aug. 18th; unusual number of 77z7ga
subarquata, Aug.-Sept., both here and at Spurn; 7. mcnuta, 7. canitus,
and Lzmosa at Spurn, Aug. 25th; arrival on Sept. 2nd of 7yinga canutus,
LZ. minuta, and Hydrochelidon nigra in great numbers; Reelictlla phanicuris,
Muscicapa atricapilla at Wilnsea, Aug. 26th; Zré2ga canutus, both Numentz,
Limosa (Common Godwit), 77inga subarquata, Calidrts arenaria, A gialitis
hiaticula, Tringa alpina, Strepsilas interpres, Charadrius pluvialis (summer
plumage), Sguatarola (do.), Helodromas, Tringoides, Sylvia cinerea, and
Saxicola ananthe, all at Nilnsea and Spurn, 26th Aug. ; Avticilla phenitcurus
on passage, Sept. 6th; S. e@anthe, numerous Sept. 7th; first Scolopax
rusticola, Sep. 23rd ; one found dead on lantern of Swin Middle Light-vessel,
1oth Nov. ; A72thacus, numerous Oct. 2nd; Corvus corax,a pair at Croxby
Pond, Oct. Ist; Azthus richard? at Tetney, Oct. 12th, also at Spurn; 4/auda
arvensis and a few Zotanus canescens near Tetney; six Harelda glacialis shot
this autumn; MWzmenius arqguata weighing 40 0z., Dec. 8th]. Zool., Feb.
1888, 3rd Series, xii. 59-63.
JoHN CoRDEAUX. Yorks SE.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Syrriaptes paradoxus) giving contents of stomach of
one shot at Spurn on 19th May]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 840.
JoHN CorDEaux. York S.E., Line N.
Notes on the occurrence of Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [Syrrhaftes paradoxus] in
the Spurn district [and in North Lincolnshire] in the spring of 1888 [full
details of occurrences from May 18th to 26th, with notes on flight, habits, call
note, etc.]. Nat., July 1888, pp. 195-197.
JOHN CORDEAUX. York S.E., Linc. N.
Notes from the Spurn in the Spring of 1888 [anent 7wrdus torguatus, Lynx
torquilla, Upupa epops, Endromias morinellus, Limosa lapponica, Hematopus
ostralegus, Numenius arquata and Tatorna cornuta). Nat., July 1888, p. 202. -
JoHN CorRDEAUX, Linc. N.
Field Notes from North Lincolnshire in the Spring of 1838 | Marci: 12th
to May 24th; notes on Aratercula arctica, Vanellus, Charadrius pluvialis,
Motacitlla lugubris, Anthus pratensis, Tringa alpina, Falco peregrimus, Columba
enas, Helodromas, Gallinago celestis, Rallus aquaticus, Emberiza scheniclus,
Hirundo. Saxicola enanthe, Phylloscopus rufus, P. trochilus, Ruticilla
phenicurus, Turdus meriula(var.), Querqgued:ula crecca, Anas boschas, Spatula,
Colymbus glactalis, Fulica, Gallinula chloropus, Corvus corone, Turdus
torqguatus, Motactlla ratt, M. lugubris, Pratincola rubetra, Turdus pilaris,
Sylvia curruca, Anthus trivalis, Cuculus, Motacilla alba, Acrocephalus
phragmitis, Cotile, both Numentt, Tadorna cornuta, Fuligula cristata,
Sguatarola, Turter communis, Tringoides, Totanus calidris, Asto brachyotus,
Strix flammea, Larus ridibundus, Fuligula ferina, Eudromias, Muscicapa
grisola, Sylvia curruca, S. hortensis, Aegialitis hiaticula. Strepsilas,
Syrrhaptes, Daulias, and Tinnunculus|. Zool., July 1888, xii. 241-247.
JOHN CoRDEAUX. York S.E.
Crossbills [Zoxie curvirostra] in Heligoland [and at Spurn, July 1888]. Nat.,
Aug. 1888, p. 224.
JoHN CoRDEAUX. York S.E.
Food of Crossbills [(Zox7a curirostra) shot near Kilnsea, July 1888 ; stomachs
filled with Phelenus spumarius|. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 276.
JOHN CorDEAUX. Linc. N. and S., York S.E. and N.W.
Notes on the Occurrence of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus|
in Lincolnshire [a detailed account of the flights of 1863 and 1888, with
dates and localities]. Zool., Nov. 1888, xii. 419-423.
Naturalist, .
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 187 -
Joun CoRDEAUX. Linc. N..
Late Nesting of the Corn Bunting [(Zmderiza militaria) at Great Cotes,.
29th Sept., 1888]. Zool., Nov. 1888, xii. 429.
Joun CoRDEAUX. York S.E.
Occurrence of the American Pectoral Sandpiper [ 7?¢7ga macu/ata Vieill.}
on the Yorkshire Coast [shot near Kilnsea, 2nd Oct., 1888; diagnostic
remarks and recital of previous Yorkshire records]. Nat., Dec. 1888, p. 354.
E. F. Crosse. Lance. S.
Blackbird [Zzdus merwla| turning white [in confinement at Liverpool].
Field, Sept. 8th, 1888, p. 373.
L. MorLEY CROSSMAN. Cheviotland.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(.Sy77haptes paradoxus); coveys on and near Holy
Island}. Field, June 16th, 1888, p. 854.
F. Curtis and EF. D. D[oNcASTER]. York N.W.
[Two Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra), Wensleydale]. Nat. Hist. Journ.,
March 15th, 1888, xii. 42.
—. DAWES. Notts.
[Observance of Bernicla leucopsis and Loxta curvirostra near Nottingham ;
City of London Ent. Soc., July 6th, 1888]. Young Nat., Aug. 1888, ix. 160.
F. W. DICKINSON. Derbyshire.
Siskins [Chrysomitr7s spinus| in North Derbyshire [8th Dec., 1887 ;
a small flock, three males and two females]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 224.
C. WALLEY Don. Cheshire.
Squirrels and Yew Berries [at Edge Hall, Malpas; the destruction of
Yew berries considered by Ed. Field rather attributable to Coccothraustes
vulgaris, which Mr. Dod mentions as about]. Field, Sept. 15th, 1888, p. 413.
E. D. DoNCASTER. Derbyshire.
[Birds of North Derbyshire; Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaétus), Bittern
(Botaurus stellar’s) and Buzzard (Luteo vulgaris) mentioned as having
occurred, but no further particulars]. Nat. Hist. Journ., March 15th, 1888,
xii. 42.
E. D. DONCASTER. York N.E.
Shamming [Lameness by a nesting Chiffchaff (Phy/loscopus rufus) near
Rievaulx Abbey, 1887]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Noy. Ist, 1888, xii. 182.
W. DuckworTH. Furness.
Arrival of Summer Birds [at Ulverston; Azrzdo, April 17th; Saxzcola
ananthe, April 6th; Phylloscopus rufus, April Ist]. Field, April 21st, 1888,
Pp. 547-
Eps. NAT. Hist. JouRN. Notts., York S.W., N.E., N.W., Cumbld.
The Migrant Table, 1886 [dates and averages given for Mansfield,
Barnsley, Ackworth, York, Thirsk, Cotherstone, and Upper Solway of 26
migrant birds]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th, 1886, pp. 129-130.
JouHN Evans. Linc. S.
Gannet [Sz/a bassana| and Rough-legged Buzzard [Archzbuteo lagopus]
in Lincolnshire [shot Nov. 4th in Bourne Fen, and killed Dec. 8th at
Grimsthorpe, respectively]. Field, Dec. 29th, 1888, p. 950.
F. R. FITZGERALD. York S.E.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus] in Yorkshire [at Withernsea,
a flock]. Zool., Aug. 1888, xii. 299.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W.
Pied Flycatcher [Mzuscicapa atricapfilla] at Harrogate [five pairs at Birk
Crag, 4th May 1888; irregularity of appearance noted for 1886 and 1887]-
Zool., June 1888, xii. 229.
June 1890.
188 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W., Durham.
Hawfinch [Coccothraustes vulgaris} near Harrogate [in eleven localities,
named ; also noted for Axwell Park near Newcastle in 1885]. Zool., June
1888, xii. 230.
RILEY FORTUNE, York Mid W.
Redshank [7otanus calidris| breeding near Harrogate [three years’
observations]. Zool., June 1888, xii. 235.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) four near Beaver Dyke,
Harrogate, 26th May 1888; others in Nidderdale]. Field, June 9th, 1888 ;
p- 839.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Sy7vhaptes paradoxus) near Darley in Nidderdale ;
two shot out of five by Mr. Smorfitt]. Field, June 16th, 1888, p. 854.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W.
Kestrel [ 7zunculus alaudarius| nesting in a House [at Killinghall near
Harrogate]. Zool., July 1888, xii. 269.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus| in Yorkshire [several
occurrences detailed ; Nidderdale, Goldsborough, Beaver Dyke]. Zool.,
Aug. 1888, x11. 299.
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W., S.E.
Late Stay of Swift [(Cyfse/us apus) at Harrogate Sep. 6th, and at Spurn to
Aug. 31st]. Field, Sep. 29th, 1888, p. 476.
[LoRD] GAINSBOROUGH. Notts.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhapies paradoxus| in Nottinghamshire [account of
an inspection along with J. Whitaker of a flock in the Forest]. Field,
July 21st, 1888, p. 86.
RALPH PAYNE GALLWEY. Notts.
Notes on Duck Decoys, in three Letters [with a reference to one at
Haughton, Notts, as one of the most ancient]. Land and Water, Oct. 23rd,
1886, pp. 417-418.
Derbyshire, Notts., Lanc. S., Linc. N. and S.,
RALPH PAYNE GALLWEY. York N.W., N.E., S.E. and S.W., Westd.
Notes on Duck Decoys, in Three Letters . . - Letter III [gives list of
decoys—one in Derbyshire, two in Lancashire, 35 in Lincolnshire, four in
Notts, one in Westmorland, and 13 in Yorkshire]. Land and Water,
Dec. 18th, 1886, p. 618.
F. GAYNER and B. S. ROWNTREE. Lance. S.
A Day on the Southport Sand-Hills [9th June, 1888 ; nidification of d/auda
arvensis, Anthus pratensis, Cuculus, Aigialitis hiaticula, Sterna macrura, and
Saxicola enanthe; Columba wenas and Lagopus scoticus also noted]. Nat.
Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th, 1888, xii. 122-123.
G. GRINSTEAD. Linc. N.
A Live Little Auk [(J/ereulus alle) caught at Skegness, Jan. 18th, 1888 ;
notes of three others at different times]. Field, Jan. 28th, 1888, p. 117.
J. H. GuRNEY, jun. York S.E.
Reported occurrence of the Little Egret [47dea garzetta] in Yorkshire
[evidence quoted and reasons assigned for thinking the Aike specimen was
the Great White Heron (Ardea alba)]. Zool., Aug. 1888, xii. 302.
J. H. Gurney, jun. Cheviotland.
Crossbill [Zoxia curvirostra] at the Farne Islands [picked up dead,
July 17th, 1888]. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 276.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 18g
J. H. Gurney, Jun. Off York S.E. and Linc. N.
Crossbills (Loxéa curvirostra and L. pityopsittacus) on the East Coast of
England [at Outer Dowsing Lightship, etc.]. Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 330.
G. H. CATON HAIGH. Linc. N.
Grey Phalarope [Palaropus fulicarius| in Lincolnshire [one shot at Tetney,
Dec. Ist, 1887 ; one there in 1879]. Zool., Jan. 1888, xii. 33.
G. H. Caron HAIGH. Linc. N.
Long-tailed Duck [Yare/da g/acialis| in Lincolnshire [several instances,
Tetney and Killingholme, all immature, Oct. and Noy. 1887]. Zool., Jan.
1888, xii. 31.
G. H. CatTor [sic] Haicu. Linc. N.
Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) at Fulstow, Lincs.; seven killed by
poisoned grain, early in June]. Field, June 23rd, 1888, p. gor.
ALLAN B. HALL. York Mid W.
Birds near Leeds [Azas boschas and Fulica atra on Adel Dan, 12th Aug.,
1888]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Nov. Ist, 1888, xii. 181.
ALLAN B. HALL. York N.E.
Birds near Thirsk [dvas doschas on Gormire, Ardea cinerea near Kirkby
Knowle Tarn, Acczpiter nisus in Flazendale; all on 6th Aug., 1888]. Nat.
Hist. Journ., Nov. Ist, 1888, xii. 181.
JoHN HANcock. Northumberland S.
On Two Wild Hybrids recently captured in Northumberland [first
between Amleriza citrinella and E. schaniclus, Whitley Bents, Jan. 1886 3.
second between Ligurznus chloris and Linota cannabina, Kenton, 24th Dec.,
1887; both now in Newcastle Museum]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb.
Durh. and Newc., vol. 10, Part 1 (1888), p. 218.
C. C. HANson. York S.W.
Fieldfares [ 7Zrdus pilaris| near Halifax in July [on the Ist, a flock of eight
or nine heard and seen]. Nat., Sept. 1888, p. 276.
H. S. HARLAND. York S.E:
Remarkable Swallow[7riundo rustica|’s Nest [on a lath hanging from
the ceiling of an East Kiding waggon-shed]. Field, Aug. 25th, 1888, p. 279.
H. S. HARLAND. York N.E.
Homing Instinct in Cage Birds [a young 7urdus merula set free about
a mile away, returned to its cage in Malton]. Field, Sept. Ist, 1888, p. 316.
R. P. HARPER. York S.E. and N.E.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [.Sy7rhaptes parvadoxus] in Holderness [and at Burniston
near Scarborough ; details of numerous specimens, with notes on habits, food,
etc.; Sterna minuta at Spurn referred to]. Zool., June 1888, xii. 234.
Rh. P. HARPER. York N.E.
The Re-appearance of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus] in
the British Islands [near Scarborough, May 28th, flocks of eight and nearly
twenty]. Zool., July 1888, xii. 263.
R. P. HARPER. York N.E.
White Stork [Crconia alba] at Scarborough [found floating dead on the
sea near Peasholm, 8th April]. Zool., July 1888, xii. 269.
R. P. HARPER. Lanc. W., York S.E.
Notes on Birds in Lancashire [ £udroméas morinellus (three trips) 7géalit?
hiaticula, 7ringa alpina, Strepstlas interpres, Nrumenius pheopus, Calidrs,
Sterna nminuta, Cuculus, and Anas boschas, all noted about Lytham, Blackpool,
Fleetwood and Knot-end, Crossens, etc. ; and a Spurn note on S¢refs7/as].
Zool., Aug. 1888, xii. 310-311. '
J. W. Harrison. LinceNe
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaples paradoxus] in North Lincolnshire [one
__ shot out of twenty at Goxhill, Oct. 23rd]. Field, Oct. 27th, 1888, p. 625.
June 1890.
190 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
J. W. Harrison. Linc. N.
Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [.Syrhaftes paradoxus] in Lincolnshire [one shot out of
a flock, Goxhill parish, Oct. 23rd, 1888]. Nat., Dec. 1888, p. 354.
J. E. HARTING. Tees Mouth.
Small Birds assisted on their Migrations by Larger Ones [quoting
T. H. Nelson’s observations as to Asio accipitrinus and Regulus cristatus
at Teesmouth]. Field, March 31st, 1888, p. 460.
. E: HARTING. » York S.E. and N.E., Notts.
On the re-appearance of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [.Sy7r/aptes paradoxus| in
the British Islands [brief particulars of numerous Yorkshire and a Noits.
occurrence]. Zool., June 1888, xii. 234.
J. E. HARTING. York S.E. and N.E., Linc. N., Notts.
The Reappearance of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus] in the
British Islands [recapitulating dates, etc., of eleven North-country records].
Field, June 2nd, 1888, p. 797.
-G. E. HASTINGS. York S.W.
Cuckoo[ Cuculus canorus!s Eggs [at Brierley Common, in nests of Azthus
pratensis, June Ist, 1888]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1888, xii. 167.
Tuos. H. HEDWorRTH. Durham.
Nesting of the Hawfinch [Coccothraustes vulgaris] near Newcastle [at
Axwell Park ; three nests]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 234.
Tuos. HEEMAN. Lance. S.
Snipe [ Gallinago celest’s| caught ina Pole Trap [at Risley, Lancs., 9th April,
1888]. Field, April 14th, 1888, p. 536.
J. M. Hicx. Northumberland S.
Address to the Members of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club...
May 16th, 1887 [notes on field meetings : Lagopus scoticus, Totanus calidris,
Gallinago calestis, Charadrius pluvialis, Numentius uarquata, Larus
ridibundus, Anas boschas, and Turdus torguatus at Whinnetly Moss and
Broomlee Lough]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newe., vol. 10,
Part I (1888), p. 4.
Joun F. HILts, Secretary. ‘York.’
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [records of first Czeca/ws, April 30th,
last Zurdus pilaris, May Ist, 1888; Nesting of Reewlus cristatus, Columba
anas, and Acredula rosea, all near York]. Nat. Hist. Journ., June 15th,
1888, xii. III.
W. Hopcson. Cumberland.
Remarkable Flight of Birds on the Solway [at Flimby, Dec. 12th,
1886 ; composed of Alauda arvensis, Sturnius, Turdus tliacus, Vanellus, and
Charadrius pluvial’s ; details and estimates of numbers given]. Nat., March
1888, p. 80.
WucuH hk. Horney. Lanc. W.
The Present Visitation of Sand-Grouse [(Sv7rhaptes paradoxus); four shot
out of a flock of five, peat-moss near St. Michael’s-on-Wyre, Garstang,
‘Wednesday last’ (before 28th May)]. Field, June 2nd, 1888, p. 797.
H. KNrGut HorsriELpb. York Mid W.
Reed Warbler [Acrocephalus streperus] nesting in the Washburn Valley
[July 1888]. Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 330.
H. KNIGHT HoRSFIELD. York Mid W.
Rough-legged Buzzard [Archibuteo lagopus] at Meanwood, Leeds [shot
Nov. 6th, 1888]. Nat., Dec. 1888, p. 353-
SAML. Hunson, Linc. N.
The Present Visitation of Sand-Grouse [(Sv77Aaptes paradoxus) flock of
five (one shot) on May 23rd, near Epworth]. Field, June 2nd, 1888, p. 797.
Ly
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1888. 191
PETER INCHBALD. ? York S.E.
Pellets disgorged by Hooded Crow [(Corwus cornix) described ; locality
not stated, probably Hornsea, whence note is dated]. Field, Jan. 28th,
1888, p. 117.
P. INCHBALD. York S.E.
Arrival of Summer Birds [at Hornsea Mere; Wirwndo, April 17th;
Phylloscopus trochilus and P. rufus, April 16th]. Field, April 21st, 1888, 547.
PETER INCHBALD. York S.E.
Great Crested Grebe [Podiceps cristatus|] in Yorkshire [breeding regularly
on Hornsea Mere]. Zool., Aug. 1889, xii. 304.
PETER INCHBALD. York S.E.
Spotted Crake [/orzana maructta|] in Holderness [‘ telegraphed’ between
Hornsea and Beverley, 21st Sept. 1888]. Zool., Nov. 1888, xii. 431.
J. A. JAcKson. Lanc. W. and S.
Notes on the Lapwing [Vawellus vulgaris] near Garstang [its habits,
nidification, folk-names, folk-lore, etc.]. Nat., Sep. 1888, pp. 269-275.
Puitie M. C. KERMODE. Isle of Man.
The Re-appearance of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus] in
the British Islands [two Manx occurrences ; Lhan, 22nd May, eight seen;
Ballaskeg, Maughold, fifteen seen, 28th May]. Zool., July 1888, xii. 265.
E. PoNSONBY KNUBLEY. York Mid W.
The .Irruption of Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradoxus|
Boroughbridge [Yorkshire, 20th June, between Minskip and Staveley].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 222.
F. A. LEEs. York N.W.
Unusual Nesting-site for Missel Thrush [(Zwdaus vése’vorus) in Upper
Wensleydale ; in stone walls or rock-fissures]. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 264.
Lorp LEWISHAM. Notts.
Chantrey’s Woodcocks [(Svolopax rusticola); at Holkham (not Clumber
as sometimes stated), Sir F. Chantrey killed two at a shot, then carved them
in marble bas-relief, which is now at Holkham]. Field, Jan. 28th, 1888, 107.
THOMAS LISTER. York S.W.
South Yorkshire Notes [Jan. 2nd to Aug. 28th, 1886; Zwrdus viscivorus,
Charadrius pluvialis, Vanellus, Turdus merula, Pyrrhula, Alauda arvensis,
Dendrocepus major, Crex, Saxtcola, Turdus musicus, Parus major, P. ater,
P. caruleus, Erithacus, Accentor, Anthus, Troglodytes, Larus ridibundus,
L. canus, Asio otus, Hirundo, Chelidon, Linota flavirostris, Sterna fluviatilis,
Syrnium aluco, “Wood Owl,’ Gecinus, * Black-spotted Woodpecker,’ Capri-
mulgus, Cotile, Coccothraustes, Cuculus, and Phylloscopus trochilius noted].
Nat. Hist..Journ., Sep. 15th, 1886, p. 131.
j.E.. WaALLIs Lort. Linc. N.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaftes paradoxus) at High J[T]oynton near
Horncastle, at Cawkwell near Louth, in Swallow parish, and in Irby parish].
Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 840.
J: E. Watuis Lorr. Linc. N.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Sy7rhaptes pavadoxus) at Fulston and at Skidbrooke,
both near Louth]. Field, June 3oth, 1888, p. 935.
Rk. LorrHouse. York N.E., Northumb. S.
Sand Grouse [(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) at Redcar, Marske, Scarborough,
Lackenby, Middlesbrough, Darlington, Port Clarence, Grosmont, and at
Cragside, Northumberland]. Field, June 23rd, 1888, p. 201.
P. MACLAGAN. Cheviotland.
Cuckoo [Cuculus canorus| in Berwick Town [May ist, 1888; details].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 222.
June “1890.
192 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1888.
H. A. MACPHERSON. ? Cumberland.
- The Long-tailed Duck [(arelda glacialis\; note on variation]. Zool.,
Feb. 1888, xii. 66 ;
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland.
Grey Shrike [Zazius excubitor| in Cumberland [two examples in winter of
1887-8]._,, Zool., May 1888, xii. 185.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland.
The Present Visitation of Sand-Grouse [(Sy77hastes paradoxus) reached
Cumberland, 22nd May, 1888]. Field, June 2nd, 1888, p. 797.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Sy77haptes paradoxus) and probability ofits nesting
near Carlisle]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. 840.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland, Furness.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Sy7raptes paradoxus) inCumberland and at Walney].
Field, June 16th, 1888, p. 854.
H. A. MACPHERSON. _ Cumberland.
The Re-appearance of Pallas’s Sand Grouse [Syrrhaptes paradexys| in
the British Isles [nineteen killed in Cumberland ; two hens incubating].
Zool., July 1888, xii. 265.
H. A. MAcPHERSON. Cumberland.
Gyrfalcons [Wierofalco gyrfalco, H. candicans, and H. islandus] in the Lake
District [supplementary to John Watson’s paper; and further particulars].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 223.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland, Westmorland.
The Ornithology of Skiddaw, Sca Fell, and Helvellyn [in criticism of
John Watson’s notes; 772ngoides, Falco peregrinus, Charadrius pluvialis,
and Phalacrocorax graculus referred to]. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 242.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Sy7rhaptes paradoxus) and their inhospitable recep-
tion in Cumberland]. Field, Aug. 11th, 1888, p. 228.
H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland.
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(.S$y77haptes paradoxus) in Cumberland ; several shot
in November]. Field, Nov. 24th, 1888, p. 759.
Jas. EARDLEY Mason. Linc. N..
Pied Flycatcher [A/uscicapa atricapilla| near Alford, Lincolnshire [a male
seen, April 1888]. Nat., June 1888, p. 160.
Jas. EARDLEY MASON. Linc. N.
Osprey [Pandion haliaétus| near Alford [shot at Chapel Marsh, 3rd May,
1888]. Nat., Sept. 1888, p. 276.
E. N. MENNELL, N. NEEVE, and F. G. FRYER. York N.E.
[Stork (Crconta alba) seen on Scarborough Mere, 6th June, 1886]. Nat.
Hist. Journ., Sept. 15th, 1886, p. 126.
F. S. MITCHELL. Lanc.
Reported Occurrence of the Cream-coloured Courser in Lancashire
[error of identification; the bird so recorded in the * Birds of Lancashire’
(p. 175) is Vanel/us gregartus (Vall.), an addition to the British list]. Zool.,
Oct. 1888, xi. 389.
Tuomas J. Moore. Cheshire.
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse [(Syrraptes paradoxus) at Storeton in- Wirral, Cheshire ;
Liverpool museum also possesses an adult male from Hoylake, Cheshire,
June 2nd, 1863]. Field, June 9th, 1888, p. $40. a
Naturalist,
No. 180. JULY 1890.
iI
|
J
My.
My file
HU
A
MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND.
CONDUCTED BY
WMS DENTS O NR O2gR UC K. kB ES3
Sunny Bank, Leeds;
WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF
J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S.,
Royal Herbarium, Kew; Dewsbury ;
W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S.,
Museum of Science & Art, Edinburgh ; Greenfield House, Huddersfield ;
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S.,
St. John’s College, Cambridge ; 38, Sholebroke Avenue, Leeds.
Contents: '
PAGE
Bibliography: Birds, 1888 ci -- 193 to 108
Ornithological Notes from the Humber District, May 1890— Yokn Cobain.
M.B.O.U. “2 : 199 to 202
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Udion at owthorpe | near Driffield ne es 203 to 209
Some Additional Localities and New Records for the Mosses of North
Yorkshire and South Durham—A. Saries a 3 ip iS .. 2Irto 222
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Bretton Park .. ee .
A Good [16 oz.] Woodcock [(Scolopax rusticola) shot at Rainworth Lodg-].
Field, Dec. 15th, 1888, p. 852.
MERYON WHITE. York N.E.
The Cuckoo [Czcz/us canorus!s Change of Note [as observed at Strensall
Camp]. Field, July 21st," 1888, p. 86.
—
—
F. B. WHITLOCK. Derbyshire, Notts.
The Irruption of Pallas’ Sand-Grouse [Syrrhoptes paradoxus] .
Derbyshire [Breaston, May] . . . Nottinghamshire [ Rainworth, June 14th].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 221.
F. B. WHITLOCK. Derbyshire, Notts.
Notes on the Reed Warbler [(Acrocephalus streperus) in the Mid-Trent
Valley, as observed in 1888; details of habits and nidification ; reference
made also to A. phragmitis|. Nat., Dec. 1888, pp. 355-356.
F. B. WHITLOCK. Notts.
Manx Shearwater [Pufinis anglorum] near Nottingham [picked up alive
at Bestwood, August 1888]. Nat., Dec. 1888, p. 356.
FREDERIC A. WRATHALL. York N.E., York S.W.
Birds of the Ayton District [a list of 89 species by their English names,
with indications of faunistic position, comparative frequency, etc. ; preceded
by remarks on the district and upon some of the noteworthy birds; reference
also made to Brockendale and Ackworth observations of Columba enas].
Nat. Hist. Journ., Feb. 15th, 1888, xii. 1 to 5.
S. HENRY WRIGHT. Notts.
Sherwood Forest [in which the following birds are cited : Anas boschas, Fulica,
Querquedula crecca, Mareca, Fuligula ferina, F. cristata, Scolopax rusticola,
Spatula, Tetrao tetrix, Circus cyaneus, Garrulus, Corvus corone, and
Phasianus)|. Nat. Hist. Jouns , Sep. oe 1886, pp. I13-117.
NOTES—MOLL USCA.
Arion subfuscus Drap. at Ingleton.—I regret to find that in my list of the
Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Ingleton, Clapham, and district, which
appeared in the ‘ Naturalist ’ for April, I have omitted to record A7vor sebfuscus,
which I collected near to Ingleton.—W. E. COLLINGE, Leeds, June 14th, 1890.
Clausilia rolphii at Well Vale near Alford.—Mr. J. Burtt Davy was
good enough to send a number of shells and slugs collected by himself at Well
Vale on the 12th of June inst. Mr. Taylor and I examined them, and were
much interested to note a dead-example of Clausilia volphiz7, with abundance of
Cl. laminata and Cl. rugosa, a single dead Cyclostoma elegans, a dead Helix
lapicida, and living examples of Bulimus obscurus, Helix arbustorum in pleny,
Arion subfuscus, etc., 17 species in all. Mr. Davy was unable to find living
Cyclostoma or H. lapicida, though the former is common dead.—W. DENISON
RoEBUCK, Leeds.
Naturalist,
199
ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES
FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT, MAY 1890.
JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.0O.U.,
Great Cotes, Ulceby, Lincolnshire.
Merlin (Falco @salon). May toth. When taking nests of the
Carrion Crow (Corvus corone) in the plantations and hedge-row
timber to-day, we disturbed a Merlin, sitting on eggs in the old
nest of a Crow, placed at the very top of a tall straight oak
growing in an ash-holt, which stands on the edge of the marshes.
Subsequently I watched for some time through the glass at
half gunshot, the old male sitting on a tree-top near the nest.
From the very retired position of the plantation I had good
hopes that the young might be brought off, but this was not the
case, for on returning a few days later, the tree had been
climbed and the nest plundered.
Grey Plover and Dunlin. May 13th, N., slight. The beach
at high water near Kilnsea Warren this morning was lined with
countless waders—hundreds of Grey Plovers (Sguatarola hel-
vetica) and thousands of Dunlin (Zrimga alpina), all in summer
plumage. They were very restless, flying out to sea. A constant
stream of drifting birds filled the field of my large telescope as
long as I could hold it out. When the flights turned once
more to the coast, the Grey Plover looked very much like
floating discs—white above and black below—moving noise-
lessly down upon me. Later in the day as the tide receded,
there was abundant opportunity to watch the waders through
a glass as they sat grouped along the coast—the Dunlins so
closely packed that they resembled sheets of brown velvet,
with some sort of a grey pattern worked over them. One large
flock of Grey Plover at rest, were very difficult to pick out
individually, so nearly did they assimilate with the back-ground,
a bank of rough shingle. All the flocks of Grey Plover were
associated with Dunlins, but the two species were seldom
actually mixed; where the one ended, the other commenced.
I think most of this large assembly took their departure either
that night or early in the morning, for I saw comparatively few
after this. On the 15th the wind was west and squally, and
I found nothing except a few noisy Turnstone and stray
Whimbrel. This was a regular spring day—a play of sunshine
and showers, with a rain-swept plain of cold grey water, trans-
formed in a few seconds into glimmering sheets and shifting
fully: t8go.
209 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT.
breadths of lavender and pale green, changeful as a sapphire,
and flecked with a thousand specks of broken foam, each
lustrous as seagull’s wing.
Turnstone (S¢repsilas interpres). May 13th. Exceedingly abun-
dant during the week in small parties on the sea and Humber side
of the Spurn. The mellow and varied cry of the Turnstone is
very difficult to render; sometimes it seems to resemble
‘prit-pretty-dick’ at others a clear ‘cher-tchk, cher-ick. It is
known as the ‘ Dotterel.’
Sanderling (Caddris arenaria). Fairly numerous on the 13th and
following days; generally two or three together. One which
I examined through the glass appeared in beautiful summer
plumage—chestnut and shades of brown; others were very much
in the same dress we find them in during the autumn.
Whimbrel (Mumenius pheopus). Exceedingly plentiful and very
tame, generally scattered and not in flocks. They are continually
boring the loose and wet sand and frequently seem to draw out
a short worm or slug which is quickly swallowed.
Oyster-catcher (Hematopus ostralegus). Seenand heard. As the
tide flows, the Den, as it is called, on the Humber side (the site
of Ravenserodd) is the last to be covered and is crowded with
Whimbrel and Oyster-catchers, and very noisy they become
when the rising water drives them to seek some other retreat.
The shrill Ace-peep of the latter may be heard at a great distance
on this level coast.
Redshank (Zotanus calidris). May 16th. One, to-day, very noisy
and flitting to and fro above a marsh full of rough grass near
Kilnsea, probably had a nest not far off.
Dotterel (Zudromias morinellus). May 15th. A shepherd (who well
knows the birds) informs me that he saw three trips this morning,
altogether about thirty birds, in their old quarters in this parish
(Great Cotes). In 1889 they were seen in the same locality on the
14th May. Inthe Spurn district the local name is ‘ Land-Dotterel.’
Common Sandpiper (Z7vingoides hypoleucos). Fairly common on
and near the coast on the 13th and subsequently.
Ringed Plover (@gialitis hiaticu/a). 1 found a nest with four
eggs on the 13th and again on the 17th. The first nest was on
Kilnsea Warren, and partly hidden by three growing thistles ; the
eggs were grouped differently to any I have seen before, which
is invariably with the narrow ends together, in this case thus :—
0
0) 0
Naturalist.
CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 201
which, if anything, seems an improvement on the normal
manner of placing them.
Pied Flycatcher (A@uscicapa atricapilla). Several at Spurn first
week in May; Redstarts (Ruticilla Phenicurus) also, and up to
the middle of the month.
Blackcap (Sy/via atricapilla). May 6th to 12th. Several on
passage ; also Garden Warbler (.S. Aortensis) seen and Willow
Wrens (Phylloscopus trochtlus).
Red-backed Shrike (Zanius collurio). A bird, presumably of
this species, was seen near Easington during several days in the
second week of May.
Grey Crow (Corvus corone). May 14th. —R. FORTUNE, Harrogate, June 16th,
1890.
Black-headed Gull at Walton near Thorp Arch.—Last evening a farm
labourer of Mr. Blanshard’s, Walton, brought me a young bird of this species
(Larus ridibundus). - It was noticed on the duck-pond, and seeing that it was a
stranger, the man secured it, and was surprised to find that ‘it had Duck’s feet.’
When brought to me it was in an exhausted and damaged condition, no doubt in
consequence of the rough treatment which it had received. The bird is in its first
plumage, and still retains some down about the head. It has, in all probability,
been bred in the district. Strensall Common is the nearest known breeding-place,
although but few pairs nest there now in what once was a common resort.—
EpcGar R. WalITeE, Walton Old Hall, near Thorp Arch, and The Museum, Leeds,
25th June, 1890.
Auction Sale of North of England Rarities.—The sale of Mr. Whitaker’s
duplicates at Stevens’, Covent Garden, May 22nd, 1890, included a few scarce
specimens from the northern counties of England, particulars of which may be
useful.
YORKSHIRE.—Lot 31, a female Little Bittern (Avdetfa minuta), from
Mr. Fennell, obtained at Scalby Beck, North Harburn, Scarborough, May 16th,
1866.
Lot 38, a splendid Common Skua (Stercorarius catarrhactes), killed at Scar
borough, Oct. 27th, 1866.
Lot 142, a Rose-coloured Pastor (Pastor rvosews), obtained in Yorkshire by the
late Mr. Allis.
NORTHUMBERLAND.—Lot 143, a fine skin of the Roseate Tern (Sterna
dougallz), from the coast of this county.
Lot 39, a Storm Petrel (Procel/aria pelagica), from Mr. Hancock, 1848.
LINCOLNSHIRE.—Lot 34, a Sclavonian Grebe (Podiceps auriétus) in full
breeding dress, from the Lincolnshire coast.
CUMBERLAND.—Lot 31, including two female Two-barred Crossbills (ZLoxza
bifasciata), 1846.—H. A. MACPHERSON, 24th May, 18g.
Naturalist,
211
SOME ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES AND NEW
RECORDS FOR THE MOSSES OF
NORTH YORKSHIRE AND SOUTH DURHAM.
R. BARNES,
The Gardens, Saltburn.
THE districts included under the above heading in which the localities
given for the different species occur, consist mainly of the Upper
and a portion of the Lower drainage area of the Tees and Swale,
along with the north-east part of Cleveland.
Of the two former districts little need be said as to their bryo-
logical richness, since they yield, as is well known, some of our rarest
and most interesting species.
During a few days spent in Upper Swaledale, in October-4889,
the good fortune was afforded me, in the neighbourhoods of Gunner-
side, Kisdon, and Keld, of meeting with the following species new
to that part of North Yorkshire, viz.:—
Andreea alpina Turn. Encalypta cwiulearis —Wedw. var:
Gymnostomum commutatum Mitt. pilifera Funck.
Dicranella Schreberi Hedw. LZygoton viridissimus Dicks. var.
Dicranella Schreberi var. elata Schpr. rupestr7s Lindb.
Dicranella varia Hedw. var. callis- Zygodon Stirtont Schpr.
toma Dicks. Bryum alpinum 1. var. meridionale
Seligeria Doniana Sm. Scehpr.
Seligerta pusilla Hedw. Pryum concinnatum Spruce.
Seligeria acutifolia var. longiseta Fissidens decipiens DeNot.
Lindb. Neckera pumila Hedw.
Seligeria tristicha Brid. Anomodon longifolius Schleich.
‘Didymodon cylindricus Bruch. Eurhynchium Teesdalit Sm.
Didymodon sinuosus Wils.. Amblystegium Sprucet Bruch.
Trichostomum crispulum, Bruch. ypnum polymorphum Hedw.
Lrichostomum nitidum Lindb. Hypnum stellatum Schreb. var.
Barbula recurvifolia Schpr. protensum Brid.
Barbula intermedia Brid. Lypnuim stramineum Dicks.
In addition to the above, the following kinds, though previously
noted to occur in other parts of Swaledale, are new to the Kisdon
portion of it, viz. :—
Dicranum fuscescens Turn. Zieria julacea Schpr.
Ulota Drummondii Grev. Lurhynchium pumilum Wils.
Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. LFTylocomium brevirostrum Ehth.
Hitherto, so far as that portion of Cleveland is concerned which
extends from Guisbrough in a seaward direction, taking the glens
of Saltburn, Kilton, Easington, and Roxby, very few records of
July 1890.
212 BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM.
its moss-flora have been notified. As will be seen from this list,
the district yields a fair and adequate number of the rare and less
common species, certain of which are new records for North York-
shire, and some few for the county generally. In a few instances
I have given records of some of the commoner species found in a
state of fructification, but, of course, only those rarely met with in
that condition; and in others, records of those of a montane
character, easily recognised as having descended far from their usual
habitats.
The subjoined list is offered to the readers of ‘The Naturalist’
rather as containing the additional localities cited, together with
the new records already referred to, than as pretending to actual
completeness.
Except when fully indicated, each locality is marked with the initial
letter of its respective district—D. (Durham portion of Teesdale),
T. (Teesdale—Yorkshire portion’, S. (Swaledale), C. (Cleveland).
Those species marked with one asterisk are, to the best of my
knowledge, new to North Yorkshire; and those with two, to York-
shire generally.
My sincere thanks are hereby tendered to Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S.,
for his kindness in examining and verifying, and in some cases even
in determining, the species contained in this list. Without his help
it would not have been prepared. -
ACROCARPI.
SPHAGNACE A.
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. var. deflexum Schpr. Green
Fell (T.) ; Widdy Bank (D.).
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. var. rubellum Wils. Ayton
Moor (C.).
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. var. tenue Braithw. Widdy
Bank (D.); Gurtof Gill, near Boltby, Thirsk.
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. var. subfimbriatum Braithw.
Hutton Moor, Guisbrough (C.).
Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. Moor above Slape Wath (C.) ;
Lounsdale (C.); Gurtof Gill, near Boltby, Thirsk.
Sphagnum teres Angst. Widdy Bank (D.). Probably new to
Durham county.
Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm. Guisbrough Moor (C.).
Sphagnum rigidum Schpr. var. compactum Brid. Lock-
wood Beck (C.).
Naturalist
BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. 213
Sphagnum subsecundum Nees var. obesum Wils. Widdy
Bank (D.); Hutton Moor, Guisbrough (C.).
Sphagnum subsecundum Nees var. auriculatum Schpr.
Moor above Slape Wath (C.).
Sphagnum tenellum Ehrh. Widdy Bank (D.); Cronkley
Fell (T.) ; Lockwood Beck (C.); Easby Moor (C.).
ANDREASACEZ:.
Andreza petrophila Ehrh. Highcliff, Guisbrough (C.).
Andreza alpina Turn. Kisdon Force (S.).
WEISSIACEA:.
Gymnostomum tenue Schrad. Tolerably frequent in Cleve-
land on moist sandstone, and usually with fruit, as at Kilton,
Roxby, Saltburn, Skelton, Slape Wath, and Upleatham. In
the Tees district it occurs at Wycliffe, and on the south side
of the river near Gainford, and also at Croft.
Gymnostomum rupestre Schwg. By the Tees, descending
to Whorlton Bridge, Ovington, and Gainford.
With reference to the Cleveland locality for this plant
(Hell Gill, Guisbrough Moor, recorded by the late Mr. W.
Mudd in Baker’s ‘ North Yorkshire’), the ironstone has been
worked out there some time since, and the station, I believe,
consequently destroyed ; in fact, the character of the glen to
all appearance has undergone a complete change.
*Gymnostomum commutatum Mitt. This species, which in
Dr. Braithwaite’s Br. Moss-Flora is reduced to a variety of
Gymnostomum curvirostrum Ehrh. (= Barbula curvtrostris
var. commutata (Mitt.) Lindb.) occurs in several localities
with almost equal frequency to the type.
In the Tees district it descends on the south side of the
river below Gainford, where it grows in great luxuriance and
fruits abundantly. Since preparing the present list I have
noticed an early record for Gymnostomum curvirostrum in
Hooker’s Br. Flora, ii, p. 8 (1833), by Mr. Backhouse (pro-
bably the late W. Backhouse of Darlington), which undoubtedly
has reference to the above locality. I have also met with it
and in fruit by Bowlees Beck, at Gibson’s Cave, and at Falcon
Clints, Teesdale (D.), and by the East Stonesdale Beck, Upper
Swaledale.
Gymnostomum microstomum Hedw. On clay ground at
Roxby (C.), and Saltburn (C.).
July 1890.
214 BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM.
**Weissia mucronata Bruch. By the side of the road between
Grinkle Park and Loftus (C.); and on clay ground at
Saltburn (C.), and Slape Wath (C.).
Rhabdoweissia fugax Hedw. Cronkley Scars (T.).
Rhabdoweissia denticulata Brid. High Force (T.); Unthank
Scars (T.); Falcon Clints (D.).
I find no mention of this species or the above in either
‘North Yorkshire’ or Spruce’s ‘Musci and Hepatice of
Teesdale.’ If they have been elsewhere recorded I am
unaware of the fact.
Cynodontium Bruntoni B. & S. On sandstone rock on the
Kildale side of Easby Moor (C.). Known to be a frequent
plant of the scars throughout the greater portion of Upper
Teesdale, yet of rare occurrence in Cleveland. I have
gathered it in the latter district in only one locality, as noted
above.
**Dichodontium pellucidum L. var. fagimontanum Brid.
On sandstone in a small glen above Slape Wath (C.).
Dicranella crispa Hedw. Guisbrough (C.); Roxby (C.), with
male inflorescence.
Dicranella Schreberi Hedw. Kisdon Force (S.); Rich-
mond (S.), in fruit; Kilton (C.), in fruit; Easington (C.),
in fruit; Roxby (C.), in fruit.
*Dicranella Schreberi Hedw. var. elata Schpr. Kisdon
Force (S.); Kilton (C.); Hagg Beck (C.).
**Dicranella varia Hedw. var. callistoma Dicks. Gunnerside,
Upper Swaledale.
Dicranella rufescens Turn. Guisbrough (C.); Lingdale (C.)
Kilton (C.) ; Roxby (C.); Saltburn (C.).
Dicranella subulata Hedw. Guisbrough Moor (C.).
Dicranum Scottianum Turn. On sandstone rocks, Highcliff,
Guisbrough (C.). Although this species is not mentioned in
Baker’s ‘North Yorkshire’ it is at least fair to note that
there is a record in Baker and Nowell’s supplement to
Baines’s ‘Flora of Yorkshire’ by the late Mr. W. Mudd, for
Dicranum Scottianum Turn, at the above locality, and also at
Ingleby Greenhow. The plant still grows at the former
station, though sparingly, and in company with Dzcranum
JSuscescens Turn. I have met with it on the same formation
on the moor above Slape Wath (C.).
Naturalist,
BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. 215
Dicranum fuscescens Turn. var. falcifolium Braithw. With
the type on rocks on Easby Moor (C.); Guisbrough
Moor (C.) ; and Roxby (C.).
Campylopus setifolius Wils. Among Sfhagna on Widdy
Bank Fell (D.); new to Province xi of Baker’s ‘ North
Yorkshire.’
BRUCHIACE.
Archidium phascoides Brid. Blea Beck (T.), in fruit; by the
Tees below Falcon Clints (D.); and in clayey pastures,
. Saltburn (C.), in fruit.
Pleuridium nitidum Hedw. Lingdale (C.); Roxby (C.);
Guisbrough (C.).
Pleuridium alternifolium B. & S. Clayey pastures, Salt-
burn (C.).
SELIGERIACE.
Seligeria Doniana Sm. Maize Beck (T., Westmorland side) ;
Kisdon Force (S.) ; Hudswell (S.); Richmond (S.).
Seligeria pusilla Hedw. Kisdon Force (S.); Gunnerside (S.) ;
Hudswell (S.) ; Richmond (S.).
*Seligeria acutifolia var. longiseta Lindb. Kisdon Force (S.) ;
Richmond (S.).
*Seligeria tristicha Brid. Kisdon Force (S.).
Campylostelium saxicola W. & M. Guisbrough (C.) ;
Kilton (C.); Easington (C.).
POTTIACEAs.
Sphzrangium muticum Schreb. Lingdale (C.); Roxby (C.) ;
Saltburn (C.).
Pottia minutula Schwg. On clay ground and in stubble fields,
Saltburn (C.).
Pottia intermedia Turn. On earth on tree-stumps near Pierce
Bridge (D.). New to Durham County.
Pottia Heimii Hedw. Inland on walls at Winston (D.); and
Darlington (D.).
Pottia lanceolata Dicks. Darlington (D.); Saltburn (C.) ;
and Skinningrove (C.).
Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Widdy Bank Fell (D.) ; Gain-
ford (T.); Ovington (T.), in fruit; Richmond (S.), in fruit; ,
Upleatham (C.) ; Saltburn (C.) ; Slape Wath (C.).
Didymodon flexifolius Dicks. Easby Moor (C.), in fruit;
Guisbrough (C.).
July 1890.
216 BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM,
Didymodon cylindricus Bruch. High Force (D.); Blea
Beck (T.); Falcon Clints (T.); Kisdon Force (S.);
Kilton (C.); Roxby (C.), in fruit; Crunkley Gill (C.).
Didymodon cylindricus var. Holtii Braithw. Widdy Bank
Fell (D.).
Didymodon sinuosus Wils. Somewhat frequent on damp
rocks and stones and tree-roots (mostly by the river banks) in
the limestone districts, and occasionally in similar situations
by the streams in Cleveland. In Teesdale, by the side of
Unthank Beck; and by the river-side at Ovington, Winston,
and Croft. In Swaledale, at Kisdon Force, Hudswell, Whit-
cliff Woods, and Sandbeck, Richmond. In Cleveland, at
Easington and Saltburn.
Eucladium verticillatum L. Gainford (T.), in fruit;
Kilton (C.), in fruit; Roxby (C.), in fruit; Saltburn (C.),
in fruit.
Ditrichum flexicaule Schwg. In two localities on the sea
banks near Saltburn. Very uncommon in Cleveland, and
apparently almost confined to the calcareous tracts. For some
very characteristic remarks relative to the distribution of this
species see Baker’s ‘ North Yorkshire,’ p. 322 (1863).
Ditrichum flexicaule var. densum Schpr. Widdy Bank
Fell (D.).
Trichostomum tophaceum Bnd. var. acutifolium Schpr.
On moist sandstone rocks, Saltburn (C.); Lounsdale (C.).
At Gainford I have gathered a form which Dr. Braithwaite
considers may probably be the Z7ichostomum linotdes Eng. Bot.
Trichostomum mutabile Bruch. Maize-beck Scars (T-).
Trichostomum crispulum Bruch. Cronkley Scar (T.);
White Force (T.) ; Ovington (T.); Kisdon Scar (S.); East
Stonesdale (S.); Kilton (C.); Easington (C.); Saltburn (C.)
**Trichostomum nitidum Lindb. In Swaledale, on limestone
walls at Keld, Hudswell Moor, and Richmond.
**Trichostomum littorale Mitt. In the Tees district on
Cronkley Scar; and by the side of the river at Ovington.
In Cleveland, on rocks by the streams of Easington, Kilton,
and Roxby.
Barbula aloides Koch. On clay banks, Mowden Lane, Dar-
ington (D.); Kilton (C.); Liverton (C.); Saltburn (C.);
Skelton (C.); Skinningrove (C.); Upleatham (C.).
Naturalist,
BARNES : MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. 217
Barbula marginata B.& S. On sandstone walls at Guis-
brough (C.); Slape Wath (C.); Skelton (C.); and
Upleatham (C.).
*Barbula recurvifolia Schpr. In Teesdale, on the summit of
Green Fell; and in Swaledale on an old limestone wall at
Kisdon Force.
Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mitt. Winston Bridge (T.);
Ovington (T.) ; Richmond (S.); Gunnerside (S.); Brompton-
on-Swale ; Kilton (C.); Roxby (C.); Saltburn (C.).
Barbula spadicea Mitt. Gainford (T.); near Abbey Bridge,
Rokeby (T.). In Cleveland not unfrequent on sandy rocks
by the side of streams, viz. at Easington, Kilton, Roxby,
Saltburn, and Skelton.
Barbula cylindrica Tayl. Winston Bridge (D.); Saltburn (C.).
Barbula revoluta Schwg. On limestone walls, Richmond (S.);
and near Limekiln Wood, Catterick (S.).
Barbula tortuosa L. In fruit at Kisdon Scars (S.).
Barbula angustata Wils. Occasionally on hedge-banks near
Darlington and Richmond. As frequent in this part of the
Cleveland district as its usually much commoner congener
Barbula subulaia L. 1 have gathered it in the three districts
at the following localities, viz.: Baydales and Mowden Lane
near Darlington (D.); Pierce Bridge (D.); Hudswell (S.) ;
Richmond (S.); Kilton (C.); Guisbrough (C.); Grinkle
Park (C.); Saltburn (C.) ; Slape Wath (C.).
Barbula latifolia B. & S. On tree trunk by stream side,
Saltburn (C.), and also by the Tees at Stapleton, and the
Skerne at Blackwell Mill, Darlington (D.).
**Barbula ruralis L. var. arenicola Braithw. On sandy banks
near Saltburn (C.).
Barbula intermedia Brid. Winston Bridge (D.); Huds-
well (S.); Richmond Moor (S.); Keld (S.); Saltburn (C.).
Barbula papillosa Wils. Wycliffe (T.) ; Dinsdale Woods (D.);
Winston (D.); Brompton-on-Swale (S.); Marske (C.); Salt-
burn (C.); Upleatham (C.).
Distichium capillaceum L. Descending with the Tees as far
as Wycliffe and Gainford.
CALYMPERACE.%.
**Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. var. pilifera Funck. On dry
limestone rocks, Kisdon Scar (S.).
July 1890.
218 BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM.
GRIMMIACE.
**Rhacomitrium ellipticum Turn. On the summit of Green
Fell, Upper Teesdale.
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Dicks. Holwick Wood (T.) ;
On wall near Eglestone Abbey (T.); Roxby (C.); Skelton (C.);
Slape Wath (C.).
Amphoridium Mougeotii B. & S.. On moist rocks above
Slape Wath (C.). ‘This, like other species referred to, grows
somewhat plentifully on most of the scars of the Western
dales, but in Cleveland, and especially in this portion of it,
it appears with a marked uncommonness. In Swaledale,
descending to Richmond.
Zygodon viridissimus Dicks. Fruiting on elm on the south
side of the Tees near Gainford.
*Zygodon viridissimus var. rupestris Lindb. In Swaledale
on limestone rocks, Kisdon Scars, East Stonesdale, and
Richmond.
*Zygodon Stirtoni Schpr. On rocks by the Tees near Ovington.
In Swaledale at Kisdon Scars and Richmond, in fruit. In
Cleveland at Kilton and Saltburn.
Ulota crispula Bruch. High Force (D.); Richmond (S.) ;
Kilton (C.) ; Roxby (C.).
Ulota phyllantha Brid. On trees, mostly ash, at Brotton (C.) ;
Saltburn (C.) ; Slape Wath (C.) ; Upleatham (C.).
Orthotrichum cupulatum Hoffm. var. nudum Dicks. By
stream-side near St. Lawrence’s Ruins, Gainford (T.).
Orthotrichum fastigiatum Bruch. On ash trees at Gain-
ford (D.), and Richmond (S.).
Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. Mostly on ash and
elm-trees, sometimes on rocks. Holwick (T.); Winch
Bridge (D.); Gainford (D.) ; Richmond (S.) ; Catterick (S.) ;
Kilton (C.) ; Roxby (C.); Saltburn (C.) ; Skelton (C.).
Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch. On trees in hedge-rows.
Richmond (S.) ; Slape Wath (C.).
Orthotrichum pallens Bruch. In hedge-row near Darling-
ton (D.). New to South Durham.
Orthotrichum pulchellum Sm. On willow and elder in
hedge-rows, Loftus (C.) ; and on trees at Roxby (C.).
Orthotrichum Lyellii H. & T. In fruit, on trees near Muker,
Upper Swaledale.
Orthotrichum Sprucei Mont. On trees, mostly willow, by the
side of Skeeby Beck near Brompton-on-Swale.
Naturalist,
BARNES : MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. 219'
Orthotrichum rivulare Turn. In Cleveland, on stones in the
streams of Guisbrough, Kilton, Roxby, and Saltburn. In the
Swale district, by Skeeby Beck near Brompton-on-Swale.
BARTRAMIACE/E.
Amblyodon dealbatus Dicks. Widdy Bank Fell (D.).
Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. Somewhat rare in Cleveland.
On sandstone rock, Stanghow, and on shale near Guisbrough,
but sparingly. On scars opposite the smelting mill, Keld,
Upper Swaledale.
BRYACE.
Webera elongata Dicks. In cleft of rock by Maize Beck near
Caldron Snout (T.).
Webera cruda Schreb. In the Tees district, descending to
Gainford on the Yorkshire side of the river, and in the Swale
district to Richmond.
Zieria julacea Schpr. Kisdon Scars (S.).
Bryum uliginosum Bruch. By the side of the Tees, south of
Gainford. On the sea-banks, Saltburn (C.).
Bryum alpinum I. var. meridionale Schpr. Kisdon Force (S.).
Previously gathered at the Peak Cliff, Robin Hood’s Bay, by
Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., and recorded by him as a plant new
to North Yorkshire in ‘ Naturalist,’ Nov. 1889, p. 322.
Bryum concinnatum Spruce. Kisdon Force (S.).
MNIACE/:.
Cinclidium stygium Swartz. Widdy Bank Fell, August 1880,
in fruit.
Bryologists who have been so fortunate as to meet with this
rare and interesting moss in a fruiting condition, will doubtless
have noticed the peculiar bloom on the capsules when fully
mature, reminding one rather of Webera albicans Wahl., when
in the same condition.
Mnium cuspidatum Hedw. Winston Bridge (T.).
Mnium stellare Hedw. Winch Bridge (D.); Winston Bridge (D.);
Richmond (S.); Easington (C.); Kilton (C.); Saltburn (C.).
Mnium subglobosum B.& S._ Holwick Fell (T.); Green
Fell (T-):
TETRAPHIDACE/E.
Tetraphis pellucida L. On decaying tree-stumps near Guis-
brough (C.); fruiting, but sparingly.
July 1890.
220 BARNES : MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM.
POLYTRICHACE.
Atrichum undulatum L. var. minor Hedw. On bare ground,
Holwick Fell (T.).
Pogonatum alpinum L. Highcliff, Guisbrough (C.).
AMPHOCARFI.
FISSIDENTACE#.,
In this group I have considered it better, for the purpose of
clearness, to insert the synonyms of the Br. Moss-Flora.
Fissidens exilis Hedw. On shady clay-banks, Darlington (D.);
Richmond (S.); Easington (C.); Kilton (C.); Roxby (C.);
Saltburn (C.).
Fissidens incurvus W. & M. (Fissidens incurvus Starke, Brit.
Moss-Flora). On clay banks, sometimes in company with
the preceding. Richmond (S.); Easington (C.); Saltburn (C.).
**Fissidens incurvus W. & M. var. Lylei (/isstdens exiguus Sull.,
Brit. Moss-Flora). Shady clay banks, Saltburn (C.).
Fissidens viridulus Wils. (Fissidens viridulus (Swartz.) Wahl.,
Br. Moss-Flora). On sandstone rocks at Guisbrough (C.) ;
and Kilton (C.) ; and on shady clay banks, Saltburn (C.).
Fissidens tamarindifolius Brid. (/%ssidens incurvus Starke
var. tamarindtfolius (Don.), Br. Moss-Flora). Shady banks
at Guisbrough (C.); Kilton (C.) ; and in clay pasture, Salt-
burn (C.). .
Fissidens pusillus Wils. var. madidus Spruce (Fissidens
minutulus Sull., Br. Moss-Flora). Hudswell (S.); Rich-
mond (S.).
Fissidens crassipes Wils. (Fiss¢dens fontanus Schimp., Br. Moss-
Flora). Haigh Force (T.); Ovington (T.); Winston Bridge (D.);
Gainford (T.); Skeeby Beck near Brompton-on-Swale ;
Kilton (C.) ; Liverton (C.) ; Roxby (C.) ; Easington (C.).
Fissidens decipiens DeNot. (/éssidens cristatus Wils., Br. Moss-
Flora). Not unfrequent in Teesdale and Swaledale, and
occasionally in Cleveland, occurring in the several districts at
the following localities :—White Force (T.) ; Blea Beck (T-.) ;
High Force (T.); Winston Bridge (T.); Richmond (S.) ; Gun-
nerside (S.); Kisdon Force (S.) ; Easington (C.); Kilton (C.) ;
Roxby (C.).
SCHISTOSTEGACE:.
Schistostega osmundacea Dicks. Near Guisbrough (C.).
Naturalist
BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. 221
CLADOCARPI.
RIPARIACE Ais
Cinclidotus fontinaloides Hedw. There is reason to believe
that this species and Anectangium compactum Schl. (recorded
by Mr. W. Mudd at the Hell Gill station, Guisbrough Moor,)
have, like Gymmnostomum rupestre Schwg., and by the same
means already referred to, become extinct.
PLEUROCAHPI.
LEUCODONTACEE,
Antitrichia curtipendula L. On wall at Angram, Upper
Swaledale, in fruit.
NECKERACEE.
Neckera pumila Hedw. On tree near Kisdon Force, Upper
Swaledale.
Neckera crispa L. On shady rocks by Easington Beck (C.),
and near Saltburn (C.), sparingly. Rare in Cleveland, but,
like Ditrichum flexicaule Schwg., it usually abounds where
the limestone occurs.
LESKEACE.
Anomodon longifolius Schleich. On the Durham side of the
Tees at Winston Bridge, and in Swaledale at Keld and
Richmond. New to Province xi of Baker’s ‘ North Yorkshire.’
HYPNACEA.
Climacium dendroides L. On Guisbrough Moor (C.), in
fine fruit.
Pylaisia polyantha Schreb. Not rare in the Tees district about
Darlington, where it was discovered as a British plant by
Mr. W. Backhouse (see Hooker’s Brit. Flora, i, p. $2, 1833).
It grows (chiefly on old hawthorn) at the following additional
localities in that part, viz. Gainford, Coniscliffe, Mowden
Lane, Walworth, and also on stones at the last-named station.
Recorded in Winch’s Flora of Northumb. and Durham, as
occurring near Croft, by Rev. J. Dalton. I have noted it
once only in Cleveland. On old stumps in a hedge-row near
Grinkle Park, Loftus.
Orthothecium intricatum Hartm. In the Swale district,
descending to Richmond.
Brachythecium glareosum Bb. &S._ Kilton (C.), in fruit;
Roxby (C.), 1n fruit.
Eurhynchium crassinervium Tayl. Ovington (T.), in fruit ;
id Winston (D.), in fruit; Keld (S.), in fruit.
July 18g0.
2
N
2 BARNES: MOSSES OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM.
’
Eurhynchium piliferum Schreb. Kilton (C.), in fruit;
Roxby (C.), in fruit.
Eurhynchium pumilum Wils. Winston Bridge (T.); Gain-
ford (T.) ; Easington (C.); Kilton (C.), in fruit ; Liverton (C.);
Saltburn (C.), in fruit; Skinningrove (C.), in fruit.
Eurhynchium Teesdalii Sm. High Force (T.); Ovington (T.);
Gainford (T.); Kisdon Force (S.); Richmond (S.); Easing-
ton (C.); Kilton (C.); Liverton (C.); Roxby (C.); Saltburn (C.).
Hyocomium flagellare Dicks. By stream above Guis-
brough (C.); Slape Wath (C.).
Rhynchostegium tenellum Dicks. On shady limestone rocks
by the Tees at Ovington and Winston Bridge; and in. the
Swale district, at Limekiln Wood, Catterick.
Rhynchostegium depressum Bruch. Winston Bridge (D.),
in, fruit; Richmondgijes); Crunkley Gill (€)); an) feat;
Easington (C.); Kiltom (C.), in fruit; Roxby (C.); Salt-
burn (C.); and Gainford (T.). ;
Plagiothecium pulchellum Hedw. By the Tees, descending
to Whorlton Bridge.
Amblystegium Sprucei Bruch. In the Tees district, by the
Westmorland side of Maize Beck, Langdon Beck, Ovington,
and Gainford; and in Swaledale, at Kisdon Force, Gunner-
side, and Richmond.
Amblystegium irriguum Wils. On stones in Easington
Beck (C.), in fruit ; Roxby Beck (C.), in fruit.
Amblystegium fluviatile Swartz. On rocks and stones in the
Tees at Winston Bridge, in fruit.
Hypnum incurvatum Brid. On shaded limestone rocks
near Richmond (S.). Not previously recorded for the
Swale district.
Hypnum polymorphum Hedw. Winston Bridge (T-.) ; Kisdon
Force (S.) ; Hudswell (S.) ; Richmond (S.) ; Catterick (S.).
Hypnum stellatum Schreb. var. protensum Brid. Falcon
Clints (D.); Kisdon Force (S.); Limekiln Wood, Catterick (S.).
Hypnum Schreberi Ehrh. Widdy Bank Fell (D.), in fruit.
Hypnum purum L. Roxby (C.), in fruit ; Saltburn (C.), in fruit.
Hypnum stramineum Dicks. On Green Fell, Teesdale; by
the side of the Swale above Keld ; at Lockwood Beck (C.) ;
near Gormire, Thirsk.
Hylocomium brevirostrum Ehrh. Kisdon Force, Upper
Swaledale.
Naturalist,
Peg
THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT
BRETTON PARK.
Apout sixty members of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union spent
a pleasant afternoon on Saturday, June the 14th, in the district
chosen for the 85th meeting, which was held at Dewsbury for the
investigation of Bretton Park, Coxley Valley, and Elmley Wood-
house, a charming district, the first-named place being the Yorkshire
seat of Mr. Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, M.P., to whom the
Union is much indebted for so very kindly throwing open his estate.
For the benefit of everyone, as far as possible, two separate
excursions had been arranged, the first to start from Horbury Bridge
Station at 11.0 a.m. and to proceed to Bretton Park village by way
of Calder Bank, Hartley Bank Colliery and Bullcliffe Wood,
returning by Stocks Moor and Midgley. Horbury Bridge Station
was also the starting point for the second party, who were to leave
there at 1 o'clock by way of Coxley Valley, Stone Cliffe Wood to
Elmley Woodhouse and Bentley Springs, returning to Midgley.
This is what had been arranged by Messrs. C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S.,
and P. F. Lee, to whom the Hon. Secretaries are much indebted
for making the arrangements and drawing up the usual excursion
circular, but in point of fact although two parties started as arranged
it would be somewhat difficult to say what actually took place; for
example several members were on the ground in the early morning
so as to have a full day in the district, and many of the others took
to independent research, rambling where they listed. However, as
the day wore on and especially towards five o’clock, members came
dropping into Dewsbury by ones and twos and made their way to
the Royal Hotel. It will scarcely be necessary to mention that
five o'clock was the time fixed for tea, and tea-time always proving
an attraction, those who are experienced in these matters find that
the census of the attendant members can only be safely taken at
that time. The weather throughout the day was beautifully fine,
and it is not,too much to say that the members attending the
excursion thoroughly enjoyed themselves in this lovely district.
After tea, the sections met to compare notes prior to the General
Meeting which was held at 6.30, and presided over by Mr. C. P.
Hobkirk, F.L.S. It was found that many members would have to
leave soon in order to catch their respective homeward bound trains,
in consequence of which, on the suggestion of the chairman, the
minutes of the previous meeting were taken as read.
Mr. Arthur Ed. Holme, M.A., Dewsbury; the Rev. F. Barham
Foster, B.A., Heckmondwike, and Mr. E. W. Last, Huddersfield, were
July 1890.
224 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT BRETTON PARK.
elected members of the Union, and members were present from the
following eighteen societies :—Heckmondwike, Wakefield, Ovenden,
Elland, Liversedge, Leeds (two societies), Bradford, Goole, Concho-
logical Society, Dewsbury, Malton, Hull, Doncaster, Harrogate (two
societies), Huddersfield, and Halifax.
A hearty vote of thanks, on the motion of the Rev. W. Fowler,
M.A., seconded by Mr. Jas. W. Davis, F.G.S., was accorded to
Mr. W. B. Beaumont, M.P., for his kindness in allowing the members
to visit Bretton Park ; also to Messrs. P. F. Lee and W. Rushforth
for conducting the several parties, and to the various contributors to
the excursion circular.
The Reports of the Sections were next presented as follows :—
The Vertebrate Section was officially represented on the ground
by its President, Mr. Thos. Bunker, Goole, and one of its secretaries,
Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., Leeds, although neither gentleman knew
of the presence of the other until tea-time, when the excursion was
over. The report was presented to the General Meeting by
Mr. Bunker, and Mr. Waite has supplied the following notes on the
excursion :—In consequence of two parties having started from
Horbury at an interval of two hours, and owing to the large tract of
country which was at their disposition, the numerical strength of the
Section was not known until the Sectional meeting, when it was found
to have comprised about nine or ten members, who roamed the district
solitarily or at most in groups of twos or threes. Some investigated
the fine wood lying between Horbury and Midgley, others worked
up the stream-side, while one or two spent nearly the whole of their
time in Bretton Park. Herea small herd of Fallow Deer are kept,
and Mr. H. B. Booth saw a fine flock of Canada Geese on the lake.
In Bullcliffe Wood nests of the Song Thrush, Blackbird, Whitethroat,
and Hedge Accentor were found, as were also those of the House
Martin and Yellow Bunting near Midgley, all containing eggs. The
following Mammals were noted on the excursion :—Mole, Common
Shrew, Fallow Deer, Water Vole, Common Field Vole, and Rabbit.
Forty-three species of Birds were observed, of which 26 are residents
and 17 migrants. Eggs of seven and young of three species were
also recorded. The following is a complete list of the Birds, the
eggs being marked with asterisks (*) and young with daggers (fT) :—
Missel Thrush. * Garden Warbler.
*+ Song Thrush. Chiffchaff.
*+ Blackbird. Willow Warbler.
Whinchat. Sedge Warbler.
Redstart. * Hedge Accentor.
Redbreast. Great Tit.
* Whitethroat. Blue Tit.
Naturalist,
No. 181. AUGUST 1890.
fe Maspe
;
UT
A
MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGL AND.
CONDUCTED BY
WM: DENISON RG@EBUCK; F.LS.,
Sunny Bank, Leeds;
WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF
J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S.,
Royal Herbarium, Kew; Dewsbury ;
W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEORGE T, PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S.,
Museum of Science & Art, Edinburgh ; Greenfield House, Huddersfield ;
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S.,
St. John’s College, Cambridge ; 38, Sholebroke Avenue, Leeds.
Contents: v0
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Bretton Park (continued) .. 225 to 227
Conchological Field-Notes from veper Swaledale, N.W. Yorkshire—JV. tee
Roebuck, F.L.S. 2. 229 to 233
Notes on Birds ous eapeaali ee. EF. a, Maetierson, Mu. 25 M. B. 0. U., a 234 to 236
Lejeunea rossettiana in North-West Yorkshire—R&. Barnes .. ‘ as rf 236
Notes on North of England Rocks—Ill.—dA/l/red Harker, M.A., F. G. Sear -- 237 tO 242
An Outline of the Geological History of Upper Swaledale—¥. G. Goodchild, |
HM. Geol. Survey, #.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.0OU,, ete. te 243 to 247
Some of the Birds observed in Upper Swaledale—7. G. Gtodchild, HM. Geol.
Survey, F.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc. 5 248 to 250
Some of the Flowering Plants and of the Ferns” of Upper Swaledale—7. 6.
Goodchild, H.M. Geol. Survey, F.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc.. 251 to 255
Walks about Bradford (Review) ae 33 x a ie Ne Ke ie 228
Notes—Mammalia . 228 & 255
Whale at the Tees Mouth—7. H. Nelson, M.B.O. U.; Squirrels. and Fungi—
A. G. Farvis; Seal on Coast of Durham—¥. Ga eae Fawcett ;
Natterer’s Bat near Thorp Arch—Zdgar R. Waite, F.L.S.
Note—Botany .. ie sa ac xe 236
Ophrys apifera Huds. at Skipton— 7. W. Edmondson.
Notes—Birds as 250
Curious Incident relating to a Blackbird’s } Jest—Riley Fortune, BZ.
Notes and News is 53 Si ae Re te A be ¥ ais ne 256
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BOOKS RECEIVED.
Marlborough Col. Nat. Hist. Soc., Report, No. 38, 1889. [The Society.
List of Sheffield Plants collected by Jonathan Salt, 8vo, 1890.[Shef. Lit. & Phil. Soc.
Nottingham Nat. Society. —Transactions for 1889. [The Society.
Bericht iiber die Verlagsthatigkeit von R. Friedlander & Sohn, No. 13, 1890,
Jan.—Marz. [Publishers.
Journ. of Conchology, Vol. 6, No. 7, July 1890. [Conchological Society.
‘New York Microscopical Soc.—Journ., Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1890. [The Society.
Journal of Microscopy, N.S., Vol. 3. No. 11, July 1890. [Bailliere & Co. publishers.
Scottish Naturalist, N.S., No. 29, July 1890. [Prof. J. W. H. Trail, editor.
Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, Jan.-Apl. 1890. [Isle of Man Nat. Hist. Soc.
Yorkshire Genealogist, Part 20, July 1890. [J. Horsfall Turner, editor.
Philadelphia Acad. of Nat. Sci.—Proc., 1889, part 3, Oct.-Dec. [The Academy.
Manchester Geological Society—Trans., Vol. 20, Parts 18-19, 1890. [The Society.
Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 5, No. 170, June 1890. _[Camb. Ent. Cl., U.S.A.
Naturze Novitates, 1890, Nos. 9-12, Mai-Juni. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs.
Die Schwalbe, Jahrg. 14, Nr. 11 & 12, June 30& Juli 15, 1890. [Orn. Vereins in Wien.
Il Naturalista Siciliano, ann. 9,n. 7, Aprile 1890. [Signor Enrico Ragusa.
Science Gossip, No. 307, for July 1890. [Messrs. Chatto & Windus, publishers.
The Young Naturalist, Part 127, for July 1890. = [Mr. John E. Robson, editor.
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 14, No, 163, July 1890. _‘[J. E. Harting, editor.
Entomologists’ Rec. & Jn. of Variation, No, 4, July 1890. —_[J. W. Tutt, editor.
THE YOUNG NATURALIST.
A Monthly Magazine of-Natural History, conducted by JOHN E, ROBSON,
Hartlepool, with the assistance in various departments of—
G. C. BIGNELL, Plymouth. JOHN GARDNER, Hartlepool.
G. COVERDALE, London. - C. S. GREGSON, Liverpool.
Dr. ELLIS, Liverpool. J. P. SOUTTER, Bishop Auckland.
G. ELISHA, London. SYDNEY WEBB, Dover.
Price Six Shillings per annum, post free.
Monthly Supplements are given, intended to form when complete separate manuals of the
various groups treated upon. ‘That now issuing is a Natural History of British Butterflies, by
J. W. Dale, of Glanvilles, Wootton, It contains an account of all ‘reputed’ species, and full
bibliographical details of the references to the various species in the Entomological works of the
past two centuries, rendering it the most complete work yet issued.
All orders and other communications to be addressed to JOHN E. ROBSON, Hartlepool.
essen eee eer re es eee
Improved Egg Drills (2 sizes) and Metal Blowpipe with instructions 1/3 free,
‘Hints on Egg Collecting and Nesting,’ illustrated, 33d. free. Birds’ Skins,
Eggs (side-blown and in clutches with date), Lepidoptera, Ova, Larvee, and Pup,
Artificial Eyes, and all kinds of Naturalists’ Requisites. Lists, one stamp, All
specimens, &c., sent out on approval.’ d
J. & W. DAVIS (Naturalists), DARTFORD, Kent.
el
The cheapest dealer in Birds, Skins, Eggs, Butterflies, Moths, Foreign Shells,
etc., is John Eggleston, Park Place, Sunderland. Lists free,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT BRETTON PARK. 225
Wren. Magpie.
Pied Wagtail. Jackdaw.
Yellow Wagtail. Rook.
Meadow Pipit. Skylark.
Tree Pipit. Swift.
Spotted Flycatcher. Cuckoo.
Swallow. Kestrel.
* Martin. Ring Dove.
Sand Martin. Pheasant.
Greenfinch. Landrail.
House Sparrow. + Waterhen.
Chaffinch. Coot.
* Yellow Bunting. Lapwing.
Starling. Sandpiper.
Jay.
The Smooth Newtand Common Frog represented the Amphibians ; and
th eRoach, Minnow, and Trout were the only fish seen during the day.
For the Conchological Section, of which one of the Secretaries,
Mr. John Emmet, F.L.S., of Boston Spa, was present, the report
was given by Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., who stated that the
conchologists present during the day (amongst whom may be
particularly mentioned Mr. W. Nelson, of Leeds, who in company
with Mr. Roebuck investigated the neighbourhood of Bullcliffe
Wood and a pond near Crigglestone Station, and Mr. J. E. Crowther,
of Elland, who had collected in Coxley Valley) had toiled all day
for but slender results, the unfavourable character of the geological
formation combining with the dryness of the weather and the
parched nature of the soil to militate against success. Seventeen
species in all had been found, of which four were slugs and three
were freshwater shells. The specimens of Planorbis albus found in
the pond near Crigglestone showed a tendency to distortion and
a turning down of the mouth. The other water-shells were
a Pisidium, and, of course, Limnea peregra. The slugs were
Limax agrestis, Arion ater, A. hortensis, and A. bourguignati.
Of land-shells Azeca tridens and Zonites excavatus were found by
Mr. Crowther in Coxley Valley, along with Succinea putris, Z. cellarius,
Z. fulvus, Helix nemoralis, HH. rufescens, and Clausilia rugosa, while
H. rotundata, and Z. alliarius were found in Bullcliffe Wood.
The Entomological Section was not officially represented at the
meeting, but Mr. S. L. Mosley, F.E.S., of Huddersfield, who
attended the excursion, writes that but little work was done, the
members having to hurry too much. In Bretton Park, Hupithecia
pygmeata and Melanippe hastata were taken, and the trees in Stone-
cliffe Wood were defoliated by the Winter Moth (/7ybernia defoliaria).
Here the larve of Pecilocampa populi were found, and galls of
Andricus terminalis were common and large; galls of 4. radicis
August 1890. P
wt
226 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT BRETTON PARK.
were also found. The best beetle taken was Donacia bidens.
Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., took Cychrus rostratus at Bull-
cliffe Wood. Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., noticed the almost entire
defoliation of hazel trees in Bullcliffe Wood by various species of
geometer larvae, and remarked that it was a question upon which
there was some speculation as to how the hungry caterpillars would
procure sufficient food to maintain themselves until they are full
grown. He also recorded the great abundance of Abraxas ulmata
on the wing in Bullcliffe Wood.
For the Botanical Section, Mr. P. F. Lee, Phanerogamic
Secretary, stated that the day had been very successful and that
most of the plants put down in the circular with several other
uncommon ones, had been observed—one at least of these, a sedge
(which was left for after determination), being an addition to the
flora of the Dewsbury district, while another sedge, almost sure to
turn out as Carex fulva Good. (being yet too young for safe deter-
mination) will be in that event also an addition to the local flora.
Out of a total of nearly 600 species, sub-species, and varieties
known in the district, about 185 in flower or fruit had been noted
during the day in Coxley Valley and Wood, at Stocks Moor, Elmley
Woodhouse, and Bretton Park. Sarbarea stricta Andrz., the
uncommon sub.-sp. of &. vulgaris, was gathered, but hardly as
typical as noticed in former years. Among the best plants observed
were :—WVasturtium palustre DC., Viola odorata L., Polygala vulgaris
sub.-sp. P. depressa Wend., Saponaria officinalis L., Vicia angustifolia
var. V. Bobarti Forst., Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., Myrrhis odorata Scop.,
Gnanthe crocata L., Adoxa Moschatellina ., Campanula latifolia L.,
Primula vulgaris Huds., Hottonia palustris L., Myosotis versicolor
Reichb., Zamium album \.., Veronica arvensis L., Plantago media L.,
Salix pentandra L. (very fragrant and with fine male catkins), Zzstera
ovata Br., Scirpus sylvaticus L., and Acorus Calamus L. The best
work was done among the Sedges, the following being found :—Carex
muricata, C. remota, C. glauca, C. panicea, C. sylvatica, and C. hirta
(in a new locality: Elmley Woodhouse), besides the sedge already
cited as likely to be C. fu/va, and the one unnamed (since examined
by Mr. Arthur Bennett, of Croydon, and named by him as Carex
chrysites Link. = C. @deri Auct. Angl. (non Ehrh.) and C. fava L.
var. cyperotdes Marsson)—added to the local flora as a result of the
Union’s visit. In ferns, Vephrodium spinulosum Desv. was seen in
its old habitat, in Coxley Wood.
Mr. J. W. Davis, F..S., F.G.S., reported that the geologists had
had a very uneventful day, so far as their science was concerned.
Beyond a few exposures, showing current-bedded sandstones and
Naturalist,
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT BRETTON PARK. 227
the indications given by a few pit-shafts, there was little ocular
demonstration of the Middle Coal Measures, over which their route
lay. For the convenience of all two excursions were arranged.
The first left at r1.0 a.m., and had the advantage of the presence of
Mr. Spencer, of Halifax, whilst Mr. J. W. Davis, F.L.S., F.G.S., of
Halifax, accompanied the second party, which left at 1 p.m. The
chief geological feature of the district is the Woolley Edge Rock,
with its fine escarpment, but time did not allow them to examine
it. The thinner sandstones, which alternate with shale and coal
seams over this area, form gentle slopes covered with fertile soil and
are well wooded. As might be expected, therefore, there were few
exposures, and the pit banks seen were either newly covered with
ashes, or did not exhibit anything worth noting. Accordingly
hammers rested quietly in their bags, and the party enjoyed the
rustic beauty of Coxley Valley and Stonecliffe Wood, and the broad,
undulating scenery of Bretton Park, undisturbed by the temptation
to ‘grub’ for fossils. A short account of the geology of the district
was then given by Mr. Davis. The geological features, were, for the
most part, hidden by the surface soil, and the only way in which
one could ascertain the geological structure was by an examination
of the sections obtained in sinking coal-pits. Nevertheless, the
district was extremely interesting. To the west of Bretton Park the
Lower Coal Measures were characterised by thick beds of sandstoneand
grit, with intermediate shales and thin coal. The strata in the Bretton
Park district were the Middle Coal Measures. The thick grit and
sandstone which characterise the lower measures westward had disap-
peared, their places being taken by thinner beds of sandstone some-
what finer in structure. These beds were rather numerous. The
modified escarpments formed by the out-crop of the sandstones, alterna-
ting with shale and coal seams, gave the country a very beautiful
appearance. The most prominent featureof the neighbourhood was due
to the Woolley Edge Rock, on the far side of Bretton Park. The grit
which formed the moorland near Midgley was not of sufficient promi-
nence to form an escarpment, but caused the ground to be undulating.
On the motion of Mr. Thomas Birks (now of Liverpool, and an
old member of the Union), seconded by Mr. J. M. Kirk, a cordial
vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Hobkirk for presiding.
Mr. J. W. Davis took the opportunity of referring to the fund of
4250 which it had been decided to raise on behalf of the widow of
their late friend Mr. S. A. Adamson, and mentioned that the fund had
not yetreached £150. He was sure that if the members of the Y.N.U.
and of the affiliated Societies would only make up their minds to
raise the sum the task would be a comparatively easy one.—E.R.W.
August 1890,
228
WALKS ABOUT BRADFORD.
One Hundred and Eighty Pleasant Walks around Bradford; including
a Notice of the Town and its Public Buildings; also a short Sketch and
History of Forty-six Villages, and Complete Guide to the District Six to
Ten Miles around Bradford. By JOHNNIE Gray. . . Illustrated. .
Bradford: T. Brrar & Co. . . 1890. [8vo, cloth, pp. xx + 188].
Under the above title we have before us an admirably-arranged
and concisely-written handbook or pedestrians using Bradford as
a starting-point, and one which will create an interest in many
objects which would otherwise be passed over unnoticed. Natural
history-_though by no means a main object—is well attended to,
and not only are there given here and there interesting references.
to birds or plants found in certain localities, but there is a short
chapter on geology, and another on botany is useful as giving
localities for a number of plants belonging to the well-worked (and
therefore rich) Bradford flora; while the chapter on Folk-lore which
follows is also of interest to naturalists. The alphabetical arrange-
ment of the localities treated of, the clearness and intelligibility of
the typographical arrangement, and the absence of verbiage, are all
points in recommendation of this little work, which we must not fail
to note is copiously illustrated with wood blocks.
NOTES—MAMMALIA.
Whale at the Tees Mouth.—Hearing from one of the Redcar pilots that
a Whale had been captured at the Tees mouth yesterday, I went up to the Break-
water this morning to see if it was still there, and learnt the following particulars.
from a salmon-fisherman who had assisted at the capture. It appears that about
high-tide a large Whale was noticed in the little boat harbour near the Tees.
Defence Works on the South Gare, and some fishermen, who had been engaged
with their salmon-nets at the mouth of the river, succeeded in fixing a pair of
graplings in the blowhole, and then hauled it to the side, and made it fast by
a rope to a post on the bank; but, thinking it was of no value to them, after
about half an hour they let it go again. Its head was lying on a sloping boat
gangway, and, as the tide was ebbing, it would soon have been high and dry.
However, it managed to struggle into deep water, and for two hours afterwards
was swimming about the harbour trying to find a way out, which it eventually
managed to’do, and made off down the river. My informant said it was bleeding
from the graplings’ wounds in the blowhole, and also in other parts which had
come into contact with the slag on the river’s bank. He described it as being
about twenty feet in length ; its head flat, like an elephant’s, with a nose eighteen
inches or two feet long and as thick as a man’s thigh ; the colour was dark on the
back and light underneath.
Is there any record of two Whales which were brought ashore here some
twenty years ago? One was 26 ft. in length; the other, presumably a young one,
was much smaller.—T. H. NELSON, Redcar, 1oth July, 1890.
[There is little doubt from the above slight description that the Whale was
of the Common Beaked species (Hy peroddon rostratus Miiller).—W.E.C. ]
Squirrels and Fungi.—lIs it a known fact that squirrels eat fungi? I was
watching a Squirrel (Sczwras vulgaris) eating a flat white thing like a biscuit,
which it held in its paws and nibbled. On my approaching nearer it let fall
the substance, which proved to be a fungus, the stalk of which was at the foot of
the tree, pulled up and nibbled.—A. G. JARVIS, Woodhall Spa, July 12th, 1890.
Naturalist,
229
CONCHOLOGICAL FIELD-NOTES
FROM UPPER SWALEDALE, N.W. YORKSHIRE.
W. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S.,
Leeds; Hon. Secretary and Recorder to the Conchological Society.
As there do not appear to be any published records of the mollusca
of Upper Swaledale, a record of what was obtained during a few
days spent in the dale at the end of July 1884, with Gunnerside as
headquarters, and a few days in mid-August 1885, with headquarters
at the Strands farm-house, a mile lower down the valley, will be of
interest. On both these occasions the writer was accompanied by
his friend Mr. T. K. Skipwith, to whom, in addition to the pleasure
afforded by his companionship, is due considerable assistance in the
search for shells. From these two points, as headquarters, the dale
was explored upwards by Ivelet, Satron, Muker, Thwaite, and
Angram to Keld and Kisdon Force, eight miles, and downwards
past Isles Bridge, Low Row, Feetham, Low Whita Bridge, Healaugh,
and Reeth to Fremington and Grinton, six miles. One day’s
expedition was directed up Arkengarthdale, returning across the
moors to the Strands, and other places were visited. But molluscs
were not the exclusive object of attention, for walks were taken by
both members of the expedition in which conchology had to occupy
a very insignificant position, and one of us found the excellent trout-
fishing which Swale affords very much to his taste, and highly
conducive to his enjoyment. ‘The district being a high-lying and
submontane one, and the Swale and its principal tributaries swift
and turbulent streams, the list includes but two aquatic shells, the
ubiquitous Limncea peregra (strange to say) not being one of them.
The slugs number seven and the land shells twenty-six, total thirty-five.
The most noticeable deficiencies in the list are Zimax maximus
(which I am pretty sure I have taken, although I can find no
mention of it in my records), Succinea putris and S. elegans, and
felix concinna. There are others which may be expected with more
or less confidence to turn up. For instance, Kisdon Woods have
scarcely been explored at all, and should be carefully investigated in
the hope of discovering such species as Helix fusca, Hl. aculeata,
Hf. pygmaa, Vertigo edentula, while even Pupa ringens, Helix
Zamellata, and Clausilia laminata might possibly be found to occur
there. The roadsides and walls and hedge-rows were found to be
very prolific hunting-grounds, and the lines of scars along the hill-
sides offer attractions to various species of calcareous inclination.
August 1890.
230 ROEBUCK: UPPER SWALEDALE CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES.
Arion ater. An abundant species, which ranges further into the
moorlands than any other. Very numerous on the moorlands
near the Tanhill Colliery, at an elevation of about 1,500 feet,
and found plentifully by roadsides at Low Lane near Isles
Bridge, Feetham, Gunnerside, etc., and in Arkengarthdale near
Wood House.
The var. succinea occurred by roadsides at Angram, near
Satron, and in Arkengarthdale near Storthwaite; the var.
nigrescens by roadsides near Ivelet Bridge, near Gunnerside, and
near Isles Bridge; the var. p/umbea at Angram; and the var.
brunnea at Grinton.
Arion subfuscus. One near Isles Bridge.
Arion hortensis. Not uncommon by roadsides near Angram,
Satron, Gunnerside, and in Gunnerside Gill.
Arion bourguignati. Common by roadsides and in fields; near
Swale Bridge at Gunnerside, at Feetham, Low Row, and
doubtless everywhere in the low country.
Limax agrestis. Very common about Satron, Gunnerside Gill,
Gunnerside, Strands, Isles Bridge, Low Lane, Feetham, Low
Row, and in Arkengarthdale at Storthwaite.
The var. sylvatica Mog. is common about Gunnerside and
elsewhere.
Limax lzvis. Has been found in Gunnerside Gill and by sides
of roads near Gunnerside.
Limax arborum. Not uncommon ; near Thwaite, Ivelet Bridge,
Gunnerside Gill, and by roadsides near Satron.
Vitrina pellucida. Found singly on roadsides near Satron,
Strands, Low Row, Wood End near Feetham, and near Low
Whita Bridge.
Zonites cellarius. Common; at Kisdon Force Woods, Angram,
Thwaite, Scar House near Thwaite, Gunnerside Scars, Gill, and
village, Strands, and Wood End near Feetham.
Zonites alliarius. Common by roadsides near Satron; also
found at Gunnerside Scars and village, Barf Scars above
Strands, Wood End near Feetham, Healaugh, and in Arken-
garthdale near Wood House.
Zonites glaber. One found in Low Lane near Isles Bridge.
Zonites nitidulus. A common species; Keld, Kisdon Force
Woods, Scar House near Thwaite, Satron, Gunnerside village
and Gill, near Ivelet Bridge, Strands, Barf Scars above Strands,
Low Lane near Isles Bridge, Wood End near Feetham, road-
sides at Healaugh, and in Arkengarthdale near Wood House.
Naturalist,
ROEBUCK: UPPER SWALEDALE CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES. 231
Zonites purus. By roadsides, occasional ; at Gunnerside, Strands,
Barf Scars above Strands, Wood End near Feetham, Low Lane
near Isles Bridge, and Grinton.
Zonites radiatulus. Has occurred to me sparingly at Angram,
about the Strands, and in Low Lane near Isles Bridge.
Zonites crystallinus. Not uncommon; Woods near Kisdon
Force, Scar House near Thwaite, roadsides near Satron,
Gunnerside Gill and village, near Ivelet Bridge, Strands, Low
Lane near Isles Bridge, Low Row, Wood End near Feetham,
near Grinton, and in Arkengarthdale near Wood House.
Zonites fulvus. Has been found in Kisdon Force Woods and
Gunnerside Gill.
Helix nemoralis. A large number of specimens collected
for me near Gunnerside by Mr. Leonard Sunter included
the following forms: var. /ibellula 12345, 123(45), 02340,
023(45), and rubella 12345, 023(45), some being with pale and
interrupted bands, others normal. One found by the roadside
at Wood End near Feetham, was rubella o0000.
Helix hortensis. This appeared to be more widely dispersed
than the preceding. The following forms occurred : /u/ea 00000
roseolabiata at Gunnerside ; /u/ea oo000 not uncommonly at
Gunnerside, the Strands, Low Lane near Isles Bridge, and
Wood End near Feetham; /u/ea 00345 at the Strands; and
/utea 12345 at Gunnerside (some with pale bands), Strands,
near Isles Bridge, and Wood End near Feetham.
Helix arbustorum. Not uncommon in the woods near Kisdon
Force, at Satron, Gunnerside, in Low Lane near Isles Bridge,
Wood End near Feetham, and Grinton.
The var. algestris is plentiful on roadsides about Satron,
and near Ivelet Bridge; the var. pal/ida occurs on roadsides
near Satron, and at Grinton ; and the var. #armorata has once
occurred by the roadside near Satron, with the type.
Helix rufescens. Of this I have found but one example, a young
specimen, at Keld.
Helix hispida. A common species; found in the woods near
Kisdon Force, at Keld, Angram, Thwaite, Park House near
Keld, Scar House near Thwaite, Muker, near Ivelet Bridge,
Satron, Gunnerside Scars, Gill and village, Strands, Barf Hill
top near the Strands, Low Lane near Isles Bridge, Wood End
near Feetham, Low Row, Healaugh, Reeth, and in Arkengarth-
dale near Wood House.
Helix sericea. A common species in wet places by roadsides, at
Keld, Angram, Scar House near Thwaite, Muker, Satron,
August 1890. ;
232 ROEBUCK: UPPER SWALEDALE CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES.
Strands, Low Lane near Isles Bridge, and in Arkengarthdale
near Wood House.
Helix rotundata. An abundant species throughout the dale;
Keld, Park House near Keld, Angram, Muker, woods by
Kisdon Force, roadsides at Scar House near Thwaite, Ivelet,
Satron, Gunnerside Scars, Gill, and village, Strands, Low Row,
Wood End near Feetham, low Lane near Isles Bridge,
Healaugh, Grinton, Reeth, and in Arkengarthdale near Wood
House.
Helix rupestris. Abundant on limestone walls and scars; Keld,
Park House near Keld, near Ivelet Bridge, roadside walls near
Satron, Gunnerside Scars, Barf Hill near Strands, and Low Row.
Helix pulchella. Not uncommon in Gunnerside village, and also
found on roadsides at the Strands and at Wood End near Feetham.
Bulimus obscurus. Occasionally found; roadsides near:
Satron, Gunnerside Scars and Gill, Strands, and top of Barf Hill.
Pupa umbilicata. By no means uncommon at Angram, Muker,
Gunnerside Scars, in the village, and by roadsides near Satron ;
also at Strands, Low Row, and Wood End near Feetham.
Vertigo pygmza. Not uncommon by roadsides at the Strands,
Low Row, and near Low Whita Bridge.
Balea perversa. Plentiful on walls at Satron, near Ivelet Bridge,
Gunnerside, the Strands, etc.
Clausilia rugosa. A common species by roadsides at Keld,
in Kisdon Force woods, roadsides near Satron, near Ivelet
Bridge, Gunnerside Gill, Strands, Low Lane near Isles Bridge,
Wood End near Feetham, and Grinton.
The var. dvéta is numerous on walls at Keld, at Park House
near Keld, and by roadsides near Satron.
Azeca tridens. A few are to be found on roadsides, near Satron,
and in Gunnerside Gill.
Zua lubrica. A common species by roadsides; Kisdon Force
woods, in the Buttertubs Pass, Scar House near Thwaite, near
Muker, near Satron and in Gunnerside village, Gunnerside
Scars, the Strands, Barf Scars above Strands, Low Row, Wood
End near Feetham, Low Lane near Isles Bridge, Healaugh, and
in Arkengarthdale at Wood House.
The var. /ubricotdes is not uncommon with the type by road-
sides near Satron, in Gunnerside village, and at Wood End near
Feetham.
Carychium carychium. Not uncommon by roadsides, at Satron,
in Gunnerside village, and at the Strands.
Naturalist,
ROEBUCK : UPPER SWALEDALE CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES. 233
Limnza truncatula. Plentiful on steep wet banks near Ivelet
Bridge, not uncommon in wet places by the roadsides near
Satron, the Strands, etc., and very numerous in a horse-trough at
Gunnerside.
Ancylus fluviatilis. Plentiful in small rills in Gunnerside village,
where it has also been previously found by Mr. Henry Crowther,
numerous in streamlets near the Strands, and has also been
found in the Arkle Beck at Langthwaite.
The var. gibbosa Bgt. has been found at Gunnerside by
Mr. Henry Crowther.
Such is my list for the upper part of the Swale valley, which
alone I have had the opportunity of searching for more than an hour
or so. Further down the dale other observations have been made
by myself and friends at odd times, and these it will not be without
interest to recapitulate.
For that portion of Swaledale which extends from Reeth down
to Richmond I am not aware of any records whatever.
At Richmond Mr. Henry Crowther collected some dozen years
ago the following :—
Helix rufescens. Pupa umbilicata.
Helix hispida. Clausilia rugosa.
Helix rotundata. *Limnzea peregra and *var. ovata.
*Helix lapicida. Limnezea truncatula.
Those marked with the asterisk are forms additional to my list, and
increase its numerical total to 37. At Richmond also Mr. Baker
Hudson found C/ausilia rugosa var. dubia and Helix rufescens with
var. rubens, all very abundant on walls and among nettles and stones.
At Easby Abbey, on the 1st of August 1881, I found
Helix hispida. *Helix pygmza.
Helix rotundata. Pupa umbilicata.
The one starred brings up the Swaledale list to 38.
The following have been found at Snape by Mr. H. Crowther ;
Helix pulchella. *Limnzea stagnalis.
Clausilia rugosa var. dubia. L. truncatula.
*Bythinia tentaculata. Ancylus fluviatilis.
*Valvata piscinalis. *Spheerium corneum.
Limnza peregra. *Pisidium fontinale.
And at Leeming Lane near Bedale, Mr. Crowther has found
*Neritina fluviatilis and Spherium corneum.
These two localities, which bring in six additional species, are,
however, low-lying ones belonging to the central plain of Yorkshire,
and although undoubtedly within the Swale drainage-area, are not in
what may be properly called Swaiedale.
August 1890.
234
NOTES ON BIRDS FROM LANCASHIRE.
Extracted from Letters of the late James Cooper.
Rev..H, A. MACPHERSON, M.A., M.B.O.U., Erc.,
Author of the‘ Visitation of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse to Scotland,’ etc.
THE North of England has always been fortunate in possessing
a supply of field naturalists drawn from the working classes and
pursuing their studies in the face of many difficulties. Of the
number, none perhaps should be remembered more worthiiy than
the late James Cooper. Born at Cockermouth in 1792, he long
earned his bread as a cotton spinner in the neighbourhood of
Carlisle. His natural tastes were furthered and developed by the
late Mr. T. C. Heysham, under whose instruction he became
a successful collector of birds and lepidoptera. James Cooper con-
tributed a few notes to the ‘Zoologist.” Some other results of his
experience have been published in Mr. Murray Adamson’s valuable
work, ‘ More Scraps about Birds.’ The present paper supplies some
hitherto w#published information, relating to Lancashire. In 1840:
James Cooper left Carlisle for Preston, travelling on foot with his
family as far as Lancaster. At Preston he obtained work at his
trade, but the intervals of his leisure were given up to collecting.
Mr. Heysham, who had always taken a lively interest in Cooper,
and once offered to start him in business, which he declined, con-
tinued to employ Cooper as a birdstuffer, no doubt. from a wish to
render him pecuniary support. Consequently, some letters passed
between the two, and the following particulars have been extracted
from Cooper’s letters as not unworthy of preservation.
‘Preston, September 27th, 1840.— . . . I have seen few insects
or birds; of the latter I had a shot at a Greenshank [| Zofanus
canescens|, two or three of which I saw about four miles below
Preston on the banks of the Ribble. I stuffed a young Pigmy
Curlew [Zvinga subarguata| shot near Lytham. Bar-tailed Godwits
[Zimosa lapponica] and young Ruffs and Reeves [Machetes pugnax]|
are sometimes hanging in the fish-market.’
‘Preston, January 30th, 1842.—Of the rarer birds got here the
most noted is a specimen of the Hoopoe [ Ufupa efops| and one of
the Wood Sandpiper [Zotanus glareola|, a Grey-backed Shrike
[Zanius excubitor], and a Little Auk [Afergulus alle| or two.
A specimen or two of the Purple Sandpiper [Z7inga striata] has
occurred. The Grey Plover [Sguatarola helvetica] I find remains
here all the winter. I saw a few the other day, but could not get
a shot at them. They are very light-coloured.’
Naturalist,
. MACPHERSON: BIRD-NOTES FROM LANCASHIRE, 235
‘Preston, September 4th, 1842.—On Tuesday last I killed
a young Sanderling [Ca/idris arenaria], and saw about ten young
Black Terns [Hydrochelidon nigra], but did not get any. Went over
the same ground and much more on Friday; saw, nothing except
two Bar-tailed Godwits. Went out again on Saturday (yesterday)
afternoon ; saw a Spotted Redshank | Zofanus fuscus], it came up the
river and sat down upon a piece of open sand at the foot of a small
brook. When I attempted to approach it, it rose and took quite
across the fields, leaving the river altogether, and I saw no more of it.’
‘Preston, November 12th, 1842.—I have done nothing myself
this autumn. The best bird I killed was a Greenshank [ Zotanus
canescens|. I got another from a person one day when I was out
shooting in the last week of September ; it was a very large specimen,
and from the hardness of its bones appeared to be an old bird... .
In a letter I had from my son-in-law, who is at Newark-on-Trent, he
tells me that a Kite [AZ/vus ictinus] was killed close to the town,
and a little Bustard [Ofis tefrax] was killed about two months
before, not far from that place.’
‘Preston, June 5th, 1843.—I am sorry to say I have not been
able to get a single Dotterel [Zudvomias morinel/us| this spring,
although I exerted myself to do so, having had an order for several.
I saw three, probably the remnant of a flock that had been shot
away ; they were wild. I had a shot at one, but missed it, and
never had another chance. There had been seven in the market,
but I did not get any of them. Six were purchased for the table all
at once; the odd bird was bought by an angler for its feathers.
I was down upon the coast last week, and crossed over to Bardsea
from Fleetwood. It came on wet. I went up to Ulverston and
stopped several days. It rained ali the time, and I could not get
out. When I came down on Friday morning to return by the
steamer, it was fair, and I strolled down the shore a few miles in the
direction of Foulney and Walney, and met a few Terns coming up
with the tide ; shot two. They were Arctic Terns [Sterna macrura],
and by the state of the belly were evidently breeding. . . . I have
shot nothing this spring worth notice, except a Whimbrel [Mumenius
pheopus|, a female continental Wagtail (AZofacil/a alba), and a Black
Tern [Aydrochelidon nigra|—all good specimens. The Whimbrels
were plentiful, but very wild. I wounded two others, but lost them
both.’
‘Preston, January 28th, 1844.—I have fallen in with the Rock
Pipit [Azthus obscurus| on the banks of the Ribble this winter, and
have killed four, wounded another (which I lost), and saw two or
three more. . . . They are very like the Tit-Lark in their habits and
August 18go.
236 BARNES: LEJEUNEA ROSSETTIANA IN N.W. YORKSHIRE,
manner of feeding, but were generally single, or at most two together.
feeding along ditches that run into the river. They are much more
shy than the Tit-Lark. I have looked very little after birds this
winter, and nothing has been got here worth notice, except a Fork-
tailed Petrel [Procellaria leucorrhoa| and.a Hoopoe late in autumn.’
These extracts are given verbatim; but the punctuation and
spelling have been amended slightly, and the scientific names added
within square brackets.
NOTE—BOTANY.
Ophrys apifera Huds. at Skipton.—In ‘The Naturalist’ for January 1887
I reported the rediscovery of the Bee Orchid near Skipton. This year, on
June 18th, Mr. Rotheray found about a dozen plants, and on June 24th and
July 5th, in the course of two short rambles, we increased the number to upwards
of ninety. The unusual prevalence of the plant this season led me to suspect
that I had been too hasty in informing Mr. F. A. Lees of its extinction in its
previously-recorded Skipton locality—Birtwhistle Rocks; and, having obtained
the necessary permission, I made careful search for it there on June 3oth, with
the result that I found three plants. The record on page 430 of Mr. Lees’
‘Flora of West Yorkshire’ will therefore still hold good, and the note at the top
of page 798, which was due to my information, should be erased.
I have also to record the discovery of Vzola /utea Huds. near Skipton.
It grows sparingly at the entrance to Waterfall Gill, between Skipton and
Rylstone. This is, I believe, a new locality record for the Aire drainage district.
—T. W. Epmonpson, Pembroke College, Cambridge, July 9th, 1890.
LEJEUNEA ROSSETTIANA IN NORTH-WEST
YORKSHIRE.
R. BARNES,
The Gardens, Saltburn-by-the-Sea; Hon. Local Treasurer to the Yorkshire
Naturalists Union.
In April of the present year, while in search of mosses near Hudswell
and Richmond my attention was taken by a species of Leseunea
(larger in size than LZ. calcarea Lib.) growing on patches of Zjgodon
Stirtont and on faces of limestone rock, and which has since proved
on examination to be Lejeunea Rossettiana Massal. The excellent
descriptions given by Mr. W. H. Pearson and Dr. Spruce in Journal
of Botany, November 1889 and December 1889, clearly mark the
distinctness of this species from JZ. calcarea Lib. A portion was
sent to Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., who kindly informs me of its being
the true plant and moreover that this is the first record of the species
for North Yorkshire. I might add that the localities in which it was
growing were precisely of the same character as those described by
Mr. W. West, F.L.S., in Journal of Botany, May 1890.
Naturalist,
237
NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS.
We
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S.
I PRoposE in the present paper to describe a few more igneous rocks
presenting characters of interest to a student of petrology. The
numbers given in brackets [ | refer to slides in the collection of the
Woodwardian Museum, but the rocks are taken from well-known
localities, and the descriptions will be found generally applicable.
(vii) Aypersthene-guarts-gabbro of Carrock Fell, Cumberland.—
This rock is the ‘hypersthenite’ of Clifton Ward, which occupies
a considerable area to the south of Carrock Fell. Dr. Trechmann
has pointed out that the dominant pyroxenic element seems to be
diallage, and he appears to question the occurrence of hypersthene.
Examination shows, however, that in various specimens this mineral
is nearly or quite as abundant as the diallage, and almost justifies
Mr. Ward’s naming of the rock.
Hand-specimens show a rather coarsely crystalline aggregate of
dark pyroxenes and dull white felspars, with little vitreous grey
patches of quartz. A slice [438] reveals the constituents and
structure of the rock. Felspar is abundant in crystals giving
rectangular sections and fine twin-lamellation: sometimes there are
cross-strie due to pericline-twinning as well as those following the
albite-law. The mineral belongs to labradorite, or a variety between
labradorite and bytownite. The rhombic pyroxene (hypersthene) is
almost invariably converted into a pale-green fibrous serpentinous
product—the so-called bastite—still preserving the rectangular con-
tour of the original mineral. This substance is distinctly pleochroic,
giving the strongest absorption when the length of the crystal is
parallel to the shorter diagonal of the polarising prism. The
hypersthene has evidently crystallised in general before the felspar,
and so shows good crystal outlines; the diallage is of later consoli-
dation, and forms irregular plates moulding round the other
constituents. This diallage has a light-brown tint in section, and
exhibits a typical ‘diallagic’ structure with minute rod-like inter-
positions grouped parallel to two or three definite directions. It gives
the usual brilliant polarisation-colours between crossed Nicolls.
Another mineral of later formation than the felspar is a brown
dichroic mica, which, however, is often discoloured and_ partly
decomposed. The earliest products of crystallisation in the rock are
August 1890.
238 HARKER: NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS.
hexagonal prisms of apatite and rather irregular grains of magnetite. ~
The last mineral formed is quartz, with a dusty appearance owing to
a multitude of minute inclusions. This mineral—an uncommon one
in gabbros—is wedged into the interspaces left between the earlier
constituents.
The rock of White Crags was analysed by Mr. J. Hughes.
His results seem to indicate about 50 or 51 fer cent. of a labradorite-
bytownite felspar, 28 of the pyroxenes, which cannot contain much
alumina, 20 of quartz, and one or two er cent. of magnetite and
apatite.
A slide [79] from the last-named locality shows the same general
characteristics as before, except that the hypersthene is almost
wanting. We see, however, a quantity of green hornblende with its
characteristic cleavage, pleochroism, and low extinction-angle. Some
of this is so associated with the brown diallage as to show that it has
been derived from the alteration of the latter mineral, and this is
probably the origin of all the hornblende in the rock.
(viii) Granophyre of Carrock Fell,—This rock, exposed on the
upper part of Carrock Fell itself, is reddish to brownish-grey in
colour, with minute porphyritic felspars and little greenish spots.
Under the microscope [890] we see that, with the exception of
the little porphyritic felspar crystals, the rock consists of a ground-
mass of felspar and quartz, the structure showing variations between
certain limits. In places there is a finely granular texture, giving
the ‘microgranite’ of some petrologists ; but the most common type
is the micropegmatitic, produced by a minute intergrowth of felspar
and quartz, each mineral having a definite crystalline orientation
over a considerable area in the slide, as is proved by rotating the
stage between crossed Nicols, when the quartz over a large part of
the field is found to be dark in one position, and similarly the felspar
in another position. In natural light the clearness of the quartz and
the turbidity of the felspar, which is partially decomposed, distinguish
the two elements very clearly. Frequently, it may be noticed that
the micropegmatite growth has grouped itself about the porphyritic
crystals, in which case the felspar of the micropegmatite is proved
(by its simultaneous extinction) to be in crystalline continuity with
the crystal which has served as a nucleus. In other places there is
a rather ‘centric’ arrangement of the intergrowth, independent of
any nucleus. This is seen sometimes when the micropegmatite is on
an excessively minute scale. From this, it is not a long step to the
‘spherulitic’ structure observable in some other specimens, in which
the quartz and felspar are only imperfectly individualised, and the
general effect is that of a radiate fibrous growth in which we may
Naturalist,
HARKER: NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS, 239
imagine the minute fibres to be partly quartz, partly felspar. Such
spherulites show a more or less marked black cross when viewed
between crossed prisms.
Both Mr. Clifton Ward and Mr. Teall have made the interesting
observation that the granophyre appears to pass gradually into the
quartz-bearing gabbro noted above. Specimens may be collected to
show a mingling of the characters of the two very different types.
‘One such, from a loose block in Caldew Beck, has been examined
[419].
Some portions of this slide show the most perfect and typical
examples of micropegmatite together with grains of quartz and small
crystals of felspar. The quartz predominates, and the grains are
continuous with the quartzose element of the adjacent micropegmatite.
Elsewhere in the same slice we see the larger felspar crystals with
close twin-striation, the brown plates of diallage, the deeper brown
partly decomposed mica, the green hornblende, probably secondary,
the irregular magnetite grains, and the subordinate interstitial quartz
of the gabbro type. There is a complete gradation. Hexagonal
prisms of apatite occur throughout the slide, as do also irregular
granules of light-brown highly refractive sphere.
(ix) Spherulitic quarts-porphyry dyke at Greensides Mine,
Helvellyn.—This is a rock with reddish-brown ground-mass, enclosing
crystals of both quartz and felspar. In a thin section [461] it
exhibits a most beautiful illustration of the spherulitic structure.
The ground presents a confusedly crystalline aspect, the quartz and
felspar being only imperfectly individualised, though here and there
one or other mineral has separated, and collected into a patch large
enough to show its optical characters. The most striking feature,
however, consists in numerous little spherical growths having
-.a marked radial structure, and giving a black cross when seen
between crossed Nicols. This last point is characteristic of
spherulitic growths: where the structure is most typically developed,
the cross is quite distinct, and on rotating the stage its arms remain
fixed in direction, viz., parallel to the diagonals of the Nicol’s prisms.
‘This is evident only in the more perfect spherulites in the rock in
question. The spherulites are partly free, partly attached to the
porphyritic crystals and especially to the quartz. The ground-mass
is further remarkable for containing innumerable little needle-shaped
crystallites, which sometimes show a tendency to parallelism of
position, and, in particular, lie parallel to the outline of any neigh-
bouring porphyritic crystal—a well-known result of a flowing
movement in the rock subsequent to the formation of both crystals
and crystallites.
August 18go.
240 HARKER: NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS.
The porphyritic quartz, as well as the felspar, shows good crystal
outlines, viz., those belonging to the hexagonal pyramid cut in
various directions. ‘These quartz crystals have irregular cavities
communicating with the exterior, and filled by material similar to the
ground-mass. The felspars are much decomposed. A few flakes of
partly destroyed biotite and little rounded crystals of pinkish garnet
complete the list of constituents. The latter mineral is easily
recognised by its isotropic nature, which causes it to remain dark
between crossed Nicols, and its high refractive index, which makes
it appear to stand out from the other minerals in the slice. It is
seen as little crystals of a deep-red colour in the hand-specimens.
The Greensides Dyke is very similar to a neighbouring one on
Armboth Fell, which has been noticed by Clifton Ward and others,
and a slice [756] of the latter rock presents the same general
characters as the foregoing.
(x) Aicrogranite of St. John’s Vale, Cumberland.—One of the most
interesting points connected with the acid irruptive rocks is the
variety of structural gradations which they exhibit between the plainly
crystalline type of the granites on the one hand, and the glassy
texture of some of the rhyolitic lavas on the other. ‘Two main lines.
of transition may be recognised in the character of the ground-mass
as seen under the microscope. One of these is through the
granophyric varieties such as the micropegmatite of Buttermere
and the spherulitic quartz-porphyry of Greensides and Armboth.
A complete series of intermediate varieties of structure might be
collected to fill the gap between the holocrystalline and the vitreous
types. Another line of transition is furnished by the granite-
porphyries, microgranites, etc., and consists in a simple diminution
in the size of the constituent grains of the rock, the several
constituents showing no sign of intergrowth, but remaining distinct
so long as they are visible. Porphyritic elements may be, and
usually are, developed in the varieties of both series.
An excellent example of a microgranite is the rock which
constitutes several connected intrusive masses in the lower part of
the Vale of St. John. It has to the eye a compact appearance and
usually a grey colour, the porphyritic crystals of felspar being very
small. Sections [15 and 460] show that these crystals consist
exclusively of a plagioclase variety with fine twin-striation and narrow
extinction-angles. The crystals are altered almost to opaqueness,.
and show rectangular outlines. Flakes of biotite are present in
varying quantity ; sometimes bleached with separation of magnetite,.
which remains as little granules between the cleavage-laminee of the
mica ; sometimes converted into a bright-green chloritic substance,
Naturalist,
HARKER: NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS. 241
which gives low polarisation-colours (neutral tints and indigo), and
only partially preserves the form of the original flakes.
The ground-mass consists of a finely granular aggregate of quartz
and felspar, the latter preponderating. The quartz is for the most
part of anterior consolidation to the felspar, and forms clear grains
of irregular shape imbedded in the later mineral. Calcite dust,
giving bright red and green _ polarisation-tints, is among the
decomposition-products of the felspar, indicating that that mineral
contained a certain proportion of lime. Specimens from Shundraw
[753] and Threlkeld [805] show identical characters. Mr. Hughes’
analysis of the St. John’s Vale rock seems to indicate about 24 fer
cent. of quartz, 16 of orthoclase, 40 of a felspar near oligoclase, and
20 of decomposition-products of felspar and mica. It is evident,
therefore, that the felspar of the ground-mass must be in part of
a soda-lime variety, or perhaps it may be a felspar containing both
potash and soda.
(xi) Granite, etc., of Eskdale and Wastdale, Cumberland.—The
normal type in this intrusion or set of intrusions is a granite of
moderately coarse grain with red felspar, grey quartz, and dark mica.
A slice from Stanley Gill [747] shows some interesting features, the
most striking being the variety of acid felspars present and their intri-
cate intergrowths with one another. Ordinary orthoclase is seen, and
oblong crystals of a plagioclase of the albite-oligoclase series showing
close twin-striation and low extinction angles. Besides these, we
observe broad crystal plates showing a minute ‘cross-hatched’ structure
between crossed prisms. This appearance, which is best seen when
the crystal is nearly in the position for extinction, is distinctive of
microcline, the triclinic potash-felspar. Again, the orthoclase is seen
in many cases to be traversed by little irregular veins of another
felspar, doubtless albite, which extinguishes between crossed Nicols
in a rather different position from the orthoclase. All the little veins
within one crystal extinguish simultaneously, and indeed the albite is
intergrown with the orthoclase in a definite crystalline relation to its
host. This is the so-called ‘micro-perthite.’ A precisely similar veining
with albite is seen in some of the microcline crystals in the same slide.
All the felspars are partially decayed, and their turbid appearance
contrasts with the quartz, which is the next important ingredient of
the rock, in grains filling the interstices between the felspar crystals.
The quartz, however, contains very numerous minute fluid-pores,
which are mostly arranged in parallel lines in each grain. The
remaining constituent is biotite, which, however, is highly altered by
secondary changes. Much of the mineral is rendered black and
opaque by impregnation with iron-oxides derived from its own
August 1890. Q
242 HARKER: NOTES ON NORTH OF ENGLAND ROCKS.
decomposition, but with this occur portions which are clear and
colourless, and give bright pink and green polarisation-tints like those
of white mica.
A slice from Muncaster Quarry, Ravenglass [952] shows most of
the characters described above, including fine examples of the micro-
perthite intergrowth. Specimens may be collected from other parts,
however, which show a departure from the granitic type along one or
other of the two lines of gradations noted above. One slide, for
instance, shows a very typical micropegmatite [954]: another from
Brantrake Moss is a microgranite very similar to that of St. John’s
Vale [748].
An analysis of the Eskdale granite agrees roughly with the
composition: 27 fer cen¢. of quartz, 20 of orthoclase and microcline,
45 of albite and albite-oligoclase, and 8 of decomposition-products
of felspar, biotite, etc.
(xii) Déabase or Dolerite of Castle Head, Keswick.—This intrusive
mass is of interest, according to Mr. Ward, as probably marking the
site of one of the Ordovician volcanoes which gave vent to the lavas
of the Borrowdale series. ‘The rock shows an intimate admixture
of black augite and light-coloured felspar stained with greenish
secondary-products. In this some of the little augite crystals stand
out prominently enough to impart a porphyritic appearance.
Under the microscope [755] these crystals give outlines
rectangular in longitudinal and octagonal in transverse sections, the
characteristic cleavage-cracks parallel to the faces of the prism being
well marked. The polarisation-tints are of a high order. The crystals
are frequently twinned, a peculiarity brought out clearly between
crossed Nicols, where the two individuals of a twin give different
tints and extinguish the light in different positions. In addition to
this, two or three crystals are usually grouped together so as to
interfere with one another’s growth.
The ground-mass has been composed of plagioclase felspar
and augite, but the latter mineral is totally destroyed, and the
little oblong crystals of felspar are for the most part deeply altered.
Little irregular patches and skeleton-crystals of black opaque
magnetite are scattered about the slice. The secondary products
include clear quartz granules, dust of calcite, stains of red-brown
iron oxide, a pale chloritoid material with low polarisation-tints, and
serpentine. ‘The last-named substance is chiefly collected in little
veins in the rock, and has a fibrous structure, the fibres being set
perpendicular to the walls of the vein. The serpentine gives low
colours of polarisation, being nearly dark between crossed Nicols
and extinguishing parallel to its fibres.
Naturalist,
243
Hm OUTLINE OF THE GE@EOGICAL HISTORY
OF UPPER SWALEDALE.
J. G. GOODCHILD, H.M. Geo . Survey, F.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.
Tue rocks of Swaledale consist chiefly of the Lower Carboniferous
Series, i.e., the Yoredale Rocks and the Mountain Limestone.
Detached remnants of the basal members of the Millstone Grit, now
represented only by outliers of the Kinder Scout Grit Series, and the
beds above this up to the base of the Third Grit, also occur on the
hill tops in places. The whole of the Carboniferous rocks of this
area are of marine origin, and represent thalassic deposits laid down
in connection with the delta of a large river, which drained part of a
continent lying far away to the north-west. During a prolonged,
but slow, subsidence, occasionally varied by slight movements of
upheaval, or by pauses when no movement took place, the delta
referred to gradually advanced its seaward margin in a south-easterly
direction ; but the rate of advance was so slow that it was not until
near the close of the Yoredale period that the delta itself actually
reached this point. Prior to that event the strata deposited here were,
at first, mainly organico-chemical (limestones). Then, as the delta
approached somewhat nearer, alternations of limestones, sandstones,
shales, coals, and cherts were left, piled one above another in regular
layers to a considerable thickness. Finally, when the old delta had
pushed its way seaward so far as to actually reach this part, little
else than grits, shales, and coals were laid down, the deeper-sea
deposits and those proper to clear water being, of course, wanting.
But while these conditions obtained in what is now Swaledale,
deeper water and clearer water conditions still prevailed miles away
towards the south-east, and were, in their turn, pushed still farther
out to sea as the delta grew towards them.
This preliminary explanation will enable us to understand how it
came about that the lowest marine beds of the Carboniferous period
consisted almost exclusively of limestone here ; and how it happened
that, as we trace the succession of the rocks upward, we find, on the
whole, the relative thickness of the clear-water deposits to those of
detrital origin becoming less and less, until, when we reach the
Millstone Grit, true limestones are hardly to be found at all.
The rocks of the upper parts of the dale consist chiefly of the
Yoredale rocks, so named by Prof. Phillips from Yoredale or the
dale of the Yore (Wensleydale), where strata of this age are well
exhibited. The Yoredale Rocks may be described as consisting of
August. 1890.
244 GOODCHILD: GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF UPPER SWALEDALE.
seven principal beds of marine limestone (with others of lesser
importance), each of which is directly overlain by beds of a shaly
nature, and each, as a rule, is succeeded below by a bed of sand-
stone. All the true Yoredale strata are persistent over a very large
area, the limestones being so to an extent little short of marvellous ;
although, of course, minor local variations may here and there be
detected if carefully sought for. The total thickness from the base
of the Millstone Grit above to the top of the Mountain Limestone
below is subject to some variation, but 1,500 ft. may be en taken
as a fair mean for the whole.
Counting from above downward, the beds of limestone best
known may be stated as follows, those most persistent being dis-
tinguished by an asterisk :—Crow or Fell Top Limestone; *Red
Bed Limestone; “Main, Twelve Fadom, or Great Limestone ;
*Undersett Chert and Undersett Limestone or Four Fadom Lime-
stone; *Third Sett or Three Yards Limestone ; *Fourth Sett or
Five Yards Limestone; *Fifth Sett, Middle, or Scar Limestone ;
*Sixth Sett or Simonstone Limestone; *Seventh Sett or Hardra
Limestone. Below follow the various subdivisions of the Mountain
Limestone, whereof the highest bed is seen in Wensleydale near
Askrigg, etc., and again in the long inlier on the south bank of the
Swale between Muker and Gunnerside. Above the Main Limestone
occurs a remarkable series of siliceous beds, which the present
writer described many years ago as of organic origin, and of the
same general nature as the siliceous deposits brought to light in the
course of the late deep-sea researches. These siliceous rocks (Main
Chert, Red Beds, etc.) play an important part in connection with
the mining industries of the district. When weathered these rocks
pass into rotten stone.
Long after all the Carboniferous rocks had been deposited, the
whole region underwent considerable disturbance, and most of the
leading flexures, as well as the leading faults, including the Pennine
Fault, affected these rocks for the first time. It was at this period
that the initial tilting of the strata towards the north-east took place.
At a later period came prolonged upheaval, accompanied by
enormous denudation, many thousands of feet of Carboniferous
rocks being stripped off, in course of time, from this area alone.
Subsequently, the New Red (including under this term all the
post-carboniferous rocks of older date than the Rheetics) were
spread out over the whole of the North of England. As the
so-called ‘ Permian’ is only the basement bed of the Jurassic Series,
it follows that these rocks also once extended continuously over the
whole of Swaledale.
Naturalist,
GOODCHILD: GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF UPPER SWALEDALE. 245
Much later on followed yet another long period of disturbance,
upheaval, and consequent denudation. This episode was followed
by one of prolonged and steady subsidence, during which the Upper
Cretaceous Rocks were spread out over nearly the whole of the
British Isles. Not until long after that did any of our mountains—
or indeed any other of our great natural features—begin to appear.
When at last the River Swale began to flow, which was in late
tertiary times, the surface rock was probably the Chalk, and the
river took its rise, not where it does now, but far away to the west,
where now are the lowlands of Edenside. Underneath the Chalk
in Upper Swaledale extended the thin edge of the New Red Rocks,
now denuded back to the Vale of York. Prolonged exposure to
denudation stripped off first the Cretaceous Rocks, then the New
Red, and finally exposed the plateau, gently inclined to the east,
upon which these last rocks had been laid down. At this time the
plateau just mentioned was probably not at a very high level above
the sea. But after the valley of the Swale had been, so to speak,
outlined, in the higher part of the plateau, great volcanic disturbances
affected all the north-western parts of the kingdom. The volcanic
rocks of the Western Islands of Scotland were formed, and these
disturbances were accompanied, over a much larger area, by earth
movements of great importance. Vast upheavals of strata took
place, the last great dislocation along the line of the Pennine Fault
occurred, the Swaledale AZassif was upheaved to more than 2,500 ft.
above the level of the sea, and the present order of geographical
features generally was instituted. But the most important result, so
far as Swaledale is concerned, was that due to the action of thermal
springs, which uprose towards the surface over large areas as the
great volcanic episode was on the wane. It was these thermal
springs, rising through the old faults, where these were stretched open
during the upheaval of the district, that carried upwards the solutions
containing the metallic sulphides, which, when the rising currents
cooled, were left in the old fissures as the valuable lead veins for
which North-west Yorkshire has so long been famous.
The present summit-level joining the highest fell-tops of Swaledale
represents the modified descendant of the old plateau referred to
above, and it is out of this old plateau, by the prolonged action of
Subaérial Denudation, that the present valleys have been carved in
the course of long ages.
Long after the valleys and all the larger natural features had been
carved out by denudation into nearly the same form they exhibit at
the present day, set in the commencement of that long succession of
periods of increasing cold, which culminated in the climax of the
August 1890.
246 GOODCHILD: GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF UPPER SWALEDALE.
Glacial Period and the formation of the great Ice Sheet. Throughout
all the earlier part of the Glacial Period the Dale seems to have been
occupied by simple glaciers, which flowed down the valleys, or from
the heart of the mountains, towards the lowlands. The prolonged
excavation arising from this cause resulted in the removal of the
whole of the weathered rock disintegrated by exposure during pre-
glacial times. Necessarily, the greater part of the weathered rock so
removed was eroded where the ice acted with greater force, so that the
bottoms of the valleys were considerably deepened by this cause
alone. Another result followed—ice, in eroding a rock surface, acts
differently from water, and the results are therefore different in their
kind from what would have been effected by simple weathering.
It is to this cause that the present writer attributes the formation of
the remarkable terraces and scars of limestone, etc., so well displayed
in the adjoining dales. ‘To this cause also he attributed the forma-
tion of the coums and other hollows with sweeping curvature, which
form some of the most characteristic features of the district. The
general effect of the ice-erosion was to impart to the newly-carved
rock surface a flowing contour, and an association of scars and
terraces which are quite different from what would naturally result
from simple atmospheric erosion. These features are much more
strongly marked in such districts as Wensleydale, where the flow of
the ice from first to last did not vary much in direction, if it ever
varied at all.
Near the climax of the Glacial Period, when the glaciers had
become confluent, and their conjoinal surface rose to its highest
level, the prevailing directions of movement of the ice in the upper
parts of Swaledale were influenced by causes acting from outside the
district. As a consequence, the flow of the ice in all the area
referred to, instead of being along the valley and downhill, was
towards the north-east, across the valleys, and in many cases uphill.
This transverse movement of the ice extended even to its bottom
strata, which, even at the very lowest parts of the valleys traversed,
here impelled across the low ground and up the hills on the opposite
side. The valley of the Swale above Keld is thus striated right
across, in the very bed of the river itself; and the ice that effected
this striation certainly moved steadily up the hill on the north-side
of the Swale, and thence right away over the fells until its direction
was merged into that of the ice-currents then prevailing on Stainmoor.
Complicated results followed from this change of direction ; but with
these we are not concerned here.
What became of all the preglacially weathered rock thus removed
by the outward flow of the ice? Some of it, certainly, flowed away
Naturalist,
GOODCHILD: GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF UPPER SWALEDALE. 247
within the ice at least as far as the Yorkshire coast; but the material
detached from the rock surface by the ice did not all go out of the
Dale. Some of it was released when the ice melted—released as if
it were a kind of sediment—and it is this glacial sediment of stones,
mud, sand and boulders, that now constitutes the glacial drift, in
every one of its many different forms. ‘Till, sand and gravel, and
washed drifts of all kinds here are simply so much material that was
formerly dispersed throughout the body of the ice (not on it, or
under it, but z¢him the ice) and when this ice melted the drift are
the sediments it left behind.
In Swaledale, as elsewhere, there is abundant evidence that the
Ice Sheet ceased to move somewhat abruptly, and that it began to
melt away on the spot soon after the icy flood attained its maximum.
Why it did so has not yet been satisfactorily explained ; but so it
did ; and it certainly did not wane in reverse order through all the
changes that marked its waxing. The striz left by the ice when at
its maximum have hardly ever been effaced by later movements in
different directions. It would seem, however, that some time after
temperate conditions had taken the place of the rigorous arctic
conditions just referred to, a later period of cold, very much less
intense than what preceded it, did obtain here. Here and there
in the heart of the larger mountain areas, a tiny glacier seems to
have been nourished, and this may really have, locally, pushed out
some of the older glacial sediments, and striated the rock surface in
new directions. But it is doubtful, very, whether this can be shown
to have been the case in Swaledale.
At no time during the Glacial Period, or since then, does the
Dale appear to have been submerged a single foot beneath the sea.
Nor is there any evidence whatever of the transportal into Swaledale
of any of the far-travelled boulders that represent the stream netted
out of the Stainmoor current of the Ice Sheet.
After the close of the Glacial Period (at the most not more than
20,000 years ago) sub-aérial denudation renewed its attacks upon the
rock-surface of Swaledale. Waterfalls again started into existence,
and have had time to cut back into long ravines; scars began to
crumble away, and again to weather into something like their pre-
glacial contours ; vegetation gained a footing ; Neolithic man entered
upon the tracts whence—untold ages before—his Paleolithic fore-
runner had been driven by the advance of the Ice Sheet; and,
finally, the Dale gradually began to assume, under the action of sub-
erial forces, something of the varied and beautiful aspect which
characterizes it at the present day.
August 18go.
248
SOME OF THE BIRDS OBSERVED IN
UPPER SWALEDALE.
J. G. GOODCHILD, H.M. GEor. Survey, F.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.
Turdus viscivorus. Jay Throstle.
Turdus musicus. Bell Throstle.
Turdus iliacus.
Turdus pilaris. Felaw.
Turdus merula.
Turdus torquatus. Ring-wuzel. Summer visitant; breeds
commonly on the fell-sides; nests in the Buttertubs.
Saxicola cnanthe. Summer visitant, common.
Pratincola rubetra. Commonest in summer.
Pratincola rubicola. Less common resident.
Ruticilla pheenicurus. Firetail. Summer visitant, common about
stone walls in the valleys.
Erithacus rubecula. Valley resident, common.
Accentor modularis. Do. do.
Sylvia cinerea. Valley resident, not common.
Sylvia hortensis. Valley resident.
Acrocephalus phragmitis. Valley resident, not common.
Phylloscopus trochilus. Summer visitant, common in the valley.
Phylloscopus sibilatrix. In woods; summer visitant, common
in the valley.
Regulus cristatus. In larch woods ; common resident.
Parus major. Valley resident, common.
Parus ceeruleus. Valley resident, common.
Parus palustris. Do., do.
Cinclus aquaticus. Bessie Douker. Resident, common in all
the water-courses up to the valley-heads.
Troglodytes parvulus. Valley resident, common.
Motacilla lugubris. Do. do.
Motacilla melanope. Summer visitant, in the valleys.
Anthus trivialis. Summer visitant, in the valleys, common.
Anthus pratensis. Ubiquitous resident.
Muscicapa grisola. Summer visitant, in the valleys, common.
Hirundo rustica. . Be, do.
Chelidon urbica. De. do.
Cotile riparia. Summer visitant, in the valleys, not common.
Naturalist
GOODCHILD: BIRDS OBSERVED IN UPPER SWALEDALE. 249
Certhia familiaris. In woods, resident, not common.
Carduelis spinus. Observed on migration, not common.
Fringilla ccelebs. Scobbie. Resident, commonest in summer.
Acanthus cannabina. Summer visitant, not common.
Acanthus rufescens. Observed on migration.
Acanthus flavirostris. Observed on migration only.
Pyrrhula europza. Valley resident, common.
Loxia curvirostra.
Emberiza citrinella. Spink. Valley resident, common.
Plectrophanes nivalis. A regular visitant on migration, chiefly
confined to the moory uplands.
Sturnus vulgaris. Sheep Starling. Not known thirty years ago,
but rapidly increasing. Summer resident only.
Pica caudata. Pyet. Common.
Corvus monedula. Jack. Breeds in every village, and in most
of the crags.
Corvus corax. Formerly bred in the crags near the head of the
dale. One pair bred for years in a large swallow-hole there ;
now nearly exterminated by gun, trap, and poison.
Corvus corone. Corbie. Breeds in trees up to their uppermost
limit on the fells.
Corvus cornix. Almost unknown.
Alauda arvensis. Lavrock. Not common.
Cypselus apus. Summer visitant, not common.
Alcedo ispida. Not common.
Cuculus canorus. Gouk.
Strix flammea. Valley resident, not common.
Asio otus. Not uncommon in the woods.
Asio accipitrinus. Has bred occasionally on the moors; not a
regular migrant here.
Syrnium aluco. Jinnie Hewlet. Common in all the woods.
Buteo vulgaris. Occasionally breeds even yet in the crags about
the dale head ; rare generally.
Accipiter nisus. Breeds commonly in the woods.
Milvus ictinus. Glead. Not rare thirty years ago; now exter-
minated.
Falco peregrinus. A regular visitant on migration; and one or
more pairs attempt to rear a brood nearly every year in the
crags about the dale head. Most commonly seen in August.
Falco zsalon. A few pairs attempt to breed every year on the
moors. Found only from about May to about October.
August 1890.
250. CURIOUS INCIDENT RELATING TO A BLACKBIRD’S NEST.
Falco tinnunculus. Steangall. A ubiquitous resident, breeding
chiefly in the scars and crags.
Ardea cinerea. MHernshew. No longer breeds in the dale.
Anas boschas. Breeds occasionally in rushy spots near the dale
heads.
Querquedula crecca. Breeds more commonly than the last, in
similar places.
Columba palumbus. Cushat. Valley resident, common in
summer.
Columba cenas. Not known as yet.
Columba livia (? or feral Domestic Pigeon). Breeds here and
there in the crags.
Tetrao tetrix. Only where introduced.
Lagopus scoticus. Moor Game. Fell resident.
Crex pratensis. Deaker Hen. Summer visitant, common in the
valley.
Charadrius pluvialis. Chiefly a summer resident; breeds on
the moors.
Charadrius morinellus. Formerly bred ; now only occasionally
seen (and shot) during migration.
Vanellus cristatus. Tewfit. Nearly ubiquitous, but chiefly
resident in summer.
Scolopax rusticola. Occasionally seen on the moors, and may,
possibly, occasionally breed in the woods.
Scolopax gallinago. A few pairs breed in the bogs.
Scolopax gallinula. Winter visitant.
Tringa alpina. Many pairs breed on the fell tops, but none
remain through the winter.
Totanus hypoleucos. A common summer resident.
Numenius arquata. Breeds on the fell tops, commonly, but
does not remain through the winter.
NOTE—BIRDS.
Curious Incident relating to a Blackbird’s Nest.—A lot of laurels were
brought from some distance to be planted in a gentleman’s garden at Harrogate.
They were laid down for some time, of course with the roots covered over.
During this time a Blackbird (7Zurdus meru/a) built its nest among them. This
was discovered when the laurels were wanted for planting out. The nest, however,
was taken care of, and placed securely in the laurel it was originally built in, and,
surprising to relate, the bird took possession of the nest in its new position, and
continued the incubating of the eggs with what would no doubt have terminated
in a happy result but for a stupid workman who one day threw a clod at the bird
as she was sat on the nest; which so frightened her that she deserted the eggs.—
R. ForTUNE, Harrogate, June 16th, 1890.
Naturalist,
251
SOME OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS AND OF
THE FERNS OF UPPER’ SWALEDALE.
J. G. GOODCHILD, H.M. Geo . Survey, F.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.
Anemone nemorosa. Woods, common.
Ranunculus aquatilis. Pools to 1,500 feet.
Caltha palustris. Goudilocks. In the valleys, common.
Trollius europzus. Fell pastures to 1,000 feet, common.
Cochlearia officinalis. Wet rocks in calcareous districts.
Draba incana. Crags, very local.
Helianthemum vulgare. Dry parts of crags and fell sides to
1,000 feet, common.
Viola lutea. Common in the drier meadows, especially above
Muker.
Drosera rotundifolia. Very local in sheltered boggy places.
All the commoner species of Sz/ene and of Lychnis. L. viscaria
not known.
Sagina nodosa. Dry meadows and well-drained scar-tops,
especially on limestone near lead-mines, common.
Arenaria verna. Common everywhere around old lead-mines at
all elevations ; rarely found elsewhere.
Stellaria nemorum. In the shady parts of the woods between
Muker and Keld.
Hypericum perforatum. Common.
Hypericum quadrangulum. Common.
Hypericum pulchrum. Common.
Hypericum montanum. Common.
Geranium sanguineum. Found in one or two of the crags near
the dale-head.
Geranium phzum. By the road-side between Muker and
Gunnerside.
Geranium sylvaticum. Common in the valleys.
Geranium pratense. Common in the valleys
Geranium lucidum. Abundant on the old walls in the valleys.
Prunus padus. Hecktri tree. In all the wood margins.
Spirea ulmaria. In moist meadows, abundant,
Geum urbanum. In the valleys, abundant.
Geum rivale. In moist shady places low down, common.
August 1890.
252 GOODCHILD: PLANTS AND FERNS OF UPPER SWALEDALE.
Potentilla fruticosa. Not known.
Potentilla tormentilla (with Galium saxatile). Ubiquitous to
2,400 feet.
Comarum palustre. Only in bogs low down, very local.
Rubus chamzmorus. Locally abundant on the moors; its fruit
is always devoured before ripening by the moor birds.
Rubus saxatilis. In moist woods, especially below Keld, rather
common.
Rosa spinosissima. In dry places below 700 feet, rather
common.
Rosa tomentosa is the commonest rose.
Agrimonia eupatoria. In drier parts of woods, especially among
limestone, common.
Poterium sanguisorba. In dry pastures, very common.
Alchemilla vulgaris. To 1,000 feet, very common.
Alchemilla arvensis. Chiefly on wall-tops and on limestone
crags.
Pyrus aucuparia. In sheltered spots to 2,000 feet, common.
Epilobium angustifolium. Undoubtedly wild in valley-bottoms,
to 1,600 feet.
Montia fontana. Common at all elevations in ‘swangs’ and
springy spots.
Sedum rhodiola. In sheltered spots on limestone crags to
2,000 feet.
Sedum villosum. By the wet margins of hill-side springs to
1,600 feet.
Saxifraga aizoides. In limestone swallow-holes near the head
of the dale; very local.
Saxifraga stellaris. On limestone rocks up to 1,800 ft., common.
Saxifraga granulata. In the woods below Keld.
Saxifraga tridactylites. Abundant on all the old walls in the
valleys.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Everywhere about wet rocks
to 2,000 feet.
Parnassia palustris. Abundant on many. of the upland bogs.
Adoxa moschatellina. In the woods, common.
Sanicula europza. Do. . do.
Galium verum. Common.
Galium cruciatum. Do.
Galium palustre. Do.
Naturalist,
GOODCHILD: PLANTS AND FERNS OF UPPER SWALEDALE. 253
Galium saxatile. Common.
Galium uliginosum. Do.
Galium mollugo. Do.
Galium aparine. Do.
Asperula odorata. Abundant in the woods around Kisdon Foss,
etc.
Valeriana dioica. In the valleys, common.
Scabiosa succisa. Pastures, common.
Picris hieracioides, Leontodon hirtus, Hypocheeris glabra.
Lactuca muralis, Crepis virens, Hieracium pilosella,
H. murorum, Lapsana communis, well represent the
Composite and are of general occurrence.
Carduus nutans is common on the limestone outcrops.
Centaurea nigra. Knops. Dry pastures, common.
Gnaphalium sylvaticum. In the woods, common.
Gnaphalium dioicum. Dry fell-sides.
Gnaphalium arvense. May be introduced.
Solidago virga-aurea. In the woods, common.
Senecio jacobea. Common.
Senecio aquaticus. Do.
Senecio sylvaticus. Do.
Achillea ptarmica. Fell pastures to 1,800 feet, common.
Campanula latifolia. Abundant in valleys.
Campanula glomerata. Chiefly on calcareous soils, common.
Erica cinerea. Not uncommon on many of the crags in sheltered
spots to 1,800 ft.
Erica tetralix (Bell Heather) and Calluna vulgaris (Ling)
form nearly all the heath.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Common locally.
Vaccinium myrtillus. Bleaberry. Abundant on moory ground
at all elevations.
Vaccinium oxycoccus. Singularly local in distribution; found
in the bogs near the Buttertubs, but not generally common in
Swaledale zow ; perhaps because exterminated.
Gentiana campestris. Common on dry rocks, especially limestone.
Gentiana amarella. Do. do.
Primula farinosa. Bonnie Birdeen. Fell pastures to 1,600 feet,
abundant.
Menyanthes trifoliata. Bog Bean. Locally common in the
lowland bogs.
August 1890.
254 GOODCHILD: PLANTS AND FERNS OF UPPER SWALEDALE.
Veronica spicata, V. anagallis, V. beccabunga, V. offici-
nalis, V. chamedrys, V. montana, V. arvensis, and
V. buxbaumii all occur.
Euphrasia officinalis. Common.
Rhinanthus crista-galli. In meadows, very common.
Melampyrum sylvaticum. Common in the woods around
Muker.
Pedicularis palustris. Abundant on the moors.
Scrophularia nodosa. By the Swale, common.
Digitalis purpurea. In valleys and woods, abundant.
Linaria vulgaris. In the valleys, common.
Lathrza squamaria. Occasionally found in the woods around
Muker.
Origanum vulgare. On dry limestone soils, to 1,000 feet, rather
common.
Ajuga reptans. In shady places, to 1,000 feet, common.
Prunella vulgaris. In shady places in the valleys, common.
Myosotis palustris. Only in the lower parts of the valley.
Symphytum officinale and Borago officinalis occur, but may
be escapes.
Pinguicula vulgaris. Fell pastures and moors, to 2,000 feet in
sheltered spots, common.
Lysimachia nemorum. In woods below Keld.
Several species of Chenopodium occur, but some may be escapes, as
Ch. bonus-henricus (and ? other species) are used for ‘yarb
puddins.’ The same remark applies, locally, to Polygonum
bistorta, though this is common in the wild state also.
Polygonum viviparum. Grows on many of the wet crags above
Keld.
Empetrum nigrum. Locally found on the moors to 2,000 feet.
Salix herbacea and S. repens are both found, with, also, others.
Myrica gale. Locally common in boggy spots.
Juniperus communis. On the hill-sides above Keld, Muker and
Thwaite, common.
Listera ovata. Fell pastures, common.
Habenaria albida. Do. do.
Allium ursinum. Ramps. Far too common in all the woods.
Paris quadrifolia. Locally in woods below Keld, rather common.
Several species of Potamogeton occur in quiet pools up to 1,800 feet.
Narthecium ossifragum. On boggy ground, even in the up-
lands, common.
Naturalist,
NOTES—MAMMALIA, /255
Ceterach officinarum. Grew on a dry wall below Gunnerside, in
the ‘sixties,’
All four British species of Polyfodium are common.
Polypodium dryopteris and P, phegopteris both occur below
Keld.
Allosorus crispus is locally abundant on upland crags, where no
calcareous matter is present. It never grows on limestone.
Cystopteris fragilis is one of the commonest ferns on dry crags,
old walls, etc.
Polystichum lonchitis is exterminated.
Polystichum aculeatum is yet abundant.
Lastrza oreopteris is very abundant locally, especially on the
sheltered parts of the fell-sides.
Asplenium viride is abundant in limestone joints, deserted lead-
mine levels, etc.
Asplenium trichomanes has a wider habitat.
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum occurs very locally ; it is found on
some of the crags near the dale-head ; also below Gunnerside.
Blechnum boreale. Common.
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense has been met with near one of
the fosses in Swaledale.
Botrychium lunaria is locally not uncommon in dry meadows
near Muker.
Ophioglossum vulgatum is found on a limestone pasture near
Keld. ;
Lycopodium clavatum, L. alpinum, and L. selago occur on
the higher moorlands, from 1,500 feet upwards.
Lycopodium inundatum is locally found in small numbers near
the fell-side springs.
NOTES—MAMMATLTIA.
Seal on Coast of Durham.—A Pioca gryphus was picked up on March 17th,
1887, in the sea between Hartlepool and Seaham ; it weighed 35 stone, was 8 ft.
Jong, and nearly 6 ft. in girth. —J. W. L. T. Fawcett, The Grange, Saltley.
Natterer’s Bat near Thorp Arch.—I am pleased to be able to record an
occurrence of Natterer’s or the Reddish-gray Bat (Vespertilio natterer?) for this
district. On the 11th inst., walking from Thorp Arch Station towards Walton,
I found the bat lying on the road, but recently dead, as it was quite warm and
bleeding at the mouth and nose. On opening the Bat I found the front of the
skull smashed as though it had flown against, or been struck by something. It is
a female and weighed 115 grains.—EpGAR R. WalrTeE, The Museum, Leeds,
2Ist July, 1890.
August 1890.
256
NOTES AND NEWS.
A collection of drawings from the pencil of Mr. John Hancock, the eminent
naturalist, has just been presented by him to the Natural History Society,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and they are now on view in the Museum at Barras Bridge.
The drawings consist chiefly of studies of birds from life, and were sketched by
Mr. Hancock to assist him in setting up the beautiful collection of stuffed birds
which forms so prominent a feature of the treasures in this museum. They are con-
tained in thirty-two frames, of which two are devoted to numerous miscellaneous
coloured sketches, amongst which are depicted a pair of Elephant Hawk Moths
found near the Thames, Bananas in flower at the Crystal Palace, Fungi and
Edible Chanterelles. The remaining frames, with the exception of the last (which
contains drawings of various quadrupeds), consist entirely of drawings of birds, mostly
from life—Hawks, Teal, Cormorants, Gulls, Herons, etc.,and numerous small birds,
displaying their characteristic attitudes whilst feeding, swimming, sleeping, etc.,
and often introducing their natural surroundings with highly artistic treatment.
The sketches range from the mere outline of a head, foot, or wing, to beauti-
fully finished water-colour drawings of birds and groups of birds. Among the
latter must be mentioned a very fine study of dead game in black and white, and
another frame containing three groups of Red-necked Phalaropes, Stonechats,
and Blue Tits, together with several designs for cases of stuffed birds, amongst
which is a sketch of an Eagle attacking a Heron, to which we can trace the design
of the magnificent central case in the Bird-room of the Museum—*‘ The Eagle
attacking Swans.’ There is besides a frame of brilliantly coloured designs for the
Hewitson case of Birds of Paradise, bequeathed to the British Museum. The
whole of the sketches are characterised by the life-like appearance and natural
attitudes of the subjects, and are in strong contrast in this respect to Bewick’s
drawings for his book of birds, which hang in the next gallery, and which appear
for the most part to have been sketched from stuffed specimens, and these by no
means irreproachable examples of the ornithologists’ art. Enthusiastic collectors
of Bewick’s works are often liable to extend to him as a naturalist the admiration
which as a reviver of wood-engraving he is certainly entitled to. This collection
of Mr. Hancock’s studies reveals the source of the life which he has breathed into
the feathered occupants of his cases in the Bird-room below, and the secret of the
success which has attended his labours in this branch of natural history, surpassing
perhaps any of his fellow-workers in the same field. The Natural History Society
of Newcastle is to be congratulated on its recent valuable acquisition, and we
deeply regret that Mr. Hancock’s failing health renders him unable to continue
his labours in a field in which he is so distinguished a worker.
Pook
It will not be out of place to refer to the approaching meeting of the British
Association in Leeds, and to remind such as propose to read papers that they
should send an abstract (along with the paper itself) to the General Secretaries of
the Association in London, on or before the 6th August.
Po
One of the excursions in connection with the Leeds meeting of the British
Association will be to Malham Tarn and Cove, and Gordale Scar, on Thursday,
Sept. 11th, has been placed in the hands of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, and
will be organised as a practical excursion calculated to prove of considerable
interest to field-workers in natural history and geology, the district being remark-
ably productive in almost every branch of the natural sciences.
———>0<—-——.
We note with a considerable amount of regret that our Liverpool contemporary
‘ Research’ has ceased to exist at the end of its second volume. In the hands of
Mr. Norman Tate it was so ably conducted that its appearance was looked for
with pleasurable anticipation by numbers of readers, who will now much miss its
excellent portraits and memoirs, and its well-written and adequately illustrated
articles on the scientific aspects of health-resorts.
Naturalist,
No. 182. SEPTEMBER 1890.
SUT ry
A
MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND.
CONDUCTED BY
WM: DENISON ROMBUCK, F.L.S,
Sunny Bank, Leeds;
WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF
J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.I.S.,
Royal Herbarium, Kew; Dewsbury ;
W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S.,
Museum of Science & Art, Edinburgh ; Greenfield House, Huddersfield ;
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S.,
St. John’s College, Cambridge ; 38, Sholebroke Avenue, Leeds.
Contents:
An Additional Station for Arenaria gothica in West Yorkshire— Ji 92. IV hétqwell
Eastern Turtle Dove in Yorkshire—JZas. Backhouse, fun., F.Z.S.,M.B.0.U.
Bird-Notes from the Malham District—Harry B. Booth
The Conchology of Malham—IV’. Denison Rocbuck, F.L.S.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Kildale-in-Cleveland
The Tree-Sparrow in the County of Durham—¥. W. Faw sett
Bibliography: Lepidoptera, 1888 : :
Lord Lilford’s Coloured Figures of British Birds eovicws
Backhouse’s Handbook of European Birds (Review) ..
Notes—Birds
Remarkable Swallows’ Nests at Wilstrop, near York—/. dgar RU ‘atte, ES a
The Mealy Redpoll in Oxon?—fev. H. A. Macpherson, M.A., A.B.O.U.
Notes—Fishes..
Three- Bearded’ Rockling off Whitby—Z/os. Stephenson : Anchovy on fie Coa ist
of the North-West of England—fev. H. A. Macpherson, M.A.,M.B.0.U.
Sting-Ray at Whitby— Thos. Stephenson.
Notes—Lepidoptera..
Phoxopteryx siculana i in Yorkshire-—Geo, 7. Porritt, 1 ep PBS. ; Apatura
iris L.—f¥as. Eardley Mason.
Note—Coleoptera ..
Dorcus parallelopipedus near Doncaster—Z. G. Bayford.
Note—Botany ..
Senecio viscosus L. at Savile Town near ‘Dewsbury—P. Fox Lee.
LON DON:
Love_LL Reeve & Co., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVEN’T GARDEN, E.C.
McCorQuopaLe & Co. LIMITED, CARDINGTON STREET, EUSTON ;
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BOOKS RECEIVED.
1886 (part 2) and 1887 (in two parts).
8vo, cloth, 1889. [The Institution.
Dr. Angust Otto. —Zur Geschichte der altesten Haustiere. 8vo. 1890, 78 pages.
[The Publishers.
Leeds Geological Association. —Transactions, Part 5, 1889. [The Association.
Die Schwalbe, Jahrg.14, Nr. 13 & 14, Juli3r & Aug. 15, 1890. [Orn. Vereins in Wien.
Science Gossip, No. 308, for Aug. 1890. [Messrs. Chatto & Windus, publishers.
The Young Se oe Part 128, for Aug. 1890. [Mr. John E, Robson, editor.
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 14, No! 164, Aug. 1890. [J]. E. Harting, editor.
Entomologists’ ees & In. of Variation, No, 5, Aug. 1899. {J. W. Tutt, editor.
Notarisia, Ann. 5, No. 19, 30 Giugno, 1890. TD. Levi-Morenos, Redattore.
Revue Bryologique, 17° Année, 1890, No.4. [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, Cahan.
The Midland Naturalist, No. 151-2, July-Aug. 1890. [Birmingham Nat. Hist. Soc.
Nuova Notarisia, 1 Agosto, 1890. [Dr. G. B. de Toni, redattore, Padova.
Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1890. [The Trustees.
S. L. Mosley.—Hist. of Brit. Birds, Nestsand Eggs, No. 65, Aug. 1890. [Author.
For Sale.—Talbot’s Birds of Wakefield, 2s. 6d. Address, Eds. Naturalist.
In Preparation.
A Monograph of the Land and Fresh-Water Mollusca
of the British Fauna.
The work is intended to be fall, ica, and Pcge and adequately
illustrative of Variation, Development, and Geographical Distribution.
Co-operation is invited from all interested, and any information or specimens
(the common species of every district are particularly desired) will be welcomed
and carefully acknowledged. The Authors may be addressed—c/o Mr. JOHN W.
TAyLor, Office of the Journal of Conchology, Sovereign Street, Leeds.
Information is at present specially required on the Slugs ( Zes¢acella, Limax, and
Arion), of which living specimens from every district are desired.
rn EN A
Improved Egg Drills (2 sizes) and Metal Blowpipe with instructions 1/3 free.
‘Hints on Egg Collecting and Nesting,’ illustrated, 33d. free. Birds’ Skins,
Eggs (side-blown and in clutches with date), Lepidoptera, Ova, Larvee, and Pupz,
Artificial Eyes, and all kinds of Naturalists’ Requisites. Lists, one stamp. All
specimens, &c., sent out ‘on approval.’
J. & W. DAVIS (Naturalists), DARTFORD, Kent.
LS
The cheapest dealer in Birds, Skins, Eggs, Butterflies, Moths, Foreign Shells,
etc., is John Eggleston, Park Place, Sunderland. Lists free.
| 257°
‘AN ADDITIONAL STATION FOR
ARENARIA GOTHICA IN WEST YORKSHIRE.
WILLIAM WHITWELL.
YORKSHIRE botanists will be glad to know that there is now con-
siderable likelihood of Avenaria gothica Fries proving to be native
to the county. The Ribblehead Station locality, unsupported by
others, is certainly inconclusive.
But ‘on Monday, August 18th, the plant was gathered by
Dr. Silvanus P. Thompson and his sister, Miss R. F. Thompson, at
a spot three miles distant from Ribblehead, and away from any
railway. Further particulars about the locality must be supplied
later. Dr. Thompson, in the course of a walk some days before,
noticed a plant which seemed to him to resemble 4. gothica, and on
the 18th instant he revisited the place along with Miss Thompson,
by whom the characters of the Ribblehead Avenaria were at once
recognised in the specimens they collected. Some of these specimens
reached and were identified by me, on the zoth, and on the same
day Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kew, also examined them.
The perennial character of the Ribblehead plant has now been
placed beyond a doubt. I have received specimens at intervals
through the autumn, winter, and spring, so that a whole year’s stages
have been seen. Plants (transplanted direct from Ribblehead) were,
grown by me, and these put forth winter shoots in the same manner,
as an ordinary Dianthus; unfortunately, the latest frost killed the
plants. The winter and spring specimens were mature ones, bearing
last year’s dead capsules, even after this year’s spring flowering had
actually commenced.
With much regret I have to add that the very existence of the
plant at Ribblehead is endangered. In September, 1889, Mr. F. A.
Lees saw ‘hundreds’ of plants there. I am told that now there are
comparatively few. One friend writes that ‘it will not be there
through another season.’ ‘The explanation is, I fear, to be found in
what is said at Ribblehead: ‘dozens of collectors have been here this
year.. I would ask all botanists to pass a ‘self-denying ordinance’
and to scrupulously refrain from taking or obtaining specimens for
the next two years at least. A similar appeal will be made through
the ‘Journal of Botany.’
[We trust that Mr. Whitwell’s appeal to collecting botanists will
meet with a hearty and universal acceptance, so that so interesting
a species may be preserved to the West Yorkshire Flora for many
years to come.—Eds. Nat. |
Sept. 1390. i
258
EASTERN TURTLE DOVE IN YORKSHIRE.
JAMES BACKHOUSE, Jun., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.,
Hon, Curator in Ornithology to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society's Museum, York.
Ear y last autumn (October 23rd), a specimen of the Eastern Turtle
Dove (Zurtur ortentalis) found its way, amongst other interesting
birds, to Scarborough, and was captured near to that town by a local
gunner and preserved by Mr. Head.
The bird has since come into my possession and was forwarded
for identification to Mr. Seebohm, who writes (April 9th, 1890) :—
‘The Pigeon is a bird in first plumage of Z7urtur orientalis, and
is probably a wild bird, as it has occurred more than once in
Scandinavia. . . . It is a most interesting addition to the list of
accidental visitors to England.’
Although the specimen in question was kindly exhibited for me
by Mr. Seebohm at a meeting of the Zoological Society, held on
May 6th, it is only right that its occurrence should be noted in
the pages of ‘The Naturalist’ as a new Yorkshire bird.
[It is of interest to add that by Mr. Backhouse’s kindness
this specimen now forms part of the collection in the York
Museum.—Ep. ]. ——$——
NOTE— ORNITHOLOGY.
Remarkable Swallows’ Nests at Wilstrop, near York.—Visiting at
Wilstrop Hall, near York, a short time ago, Mr. John Harrison drew my attention
to several nests built under the eaves of his house. By the aid of a ladder I was
able to inspect them more closely. There were five nests in all, three of which
were Martins’ (Chel¢don wrbica) and two were Swallows’ (AHzrundo rustica). The
Martins’ nests were not remarkable, being built as usual close under, and touching
the spout, with the entrance in the side. The swallows’ nests were noteworthy
inasmuch as they were built against the wall wssupported by any ledge whatever.
The upper part of the nest, which was characteristically open, was about two inches
below the spout. I may add that usual nesting-places for the Swallow were not
wanting, for Mr. Harrison took me into one of his many sheds and showed me six
Swallows’ nests. Four of them were placed on a beam, but curiously enough the
other two were built against the inner wall of the shed. and quite a foot below the
angle of the roof—EpGAR R. WaIrE, The Museum, Leeds, 22nd August. 1890.
NOTES—FISHE S.
Three-Bearded Rockling off Whitby.—A very fine example of the
Three-bearded Rockling or Gade (Mofella tricirrata) was caught yesterday by
a fisherman, on a line, about six miles off Whitby. It measures 18 inches in length
and 8 inches in girth behind the pectoral fins, and is the first I remember of that
size being captured off here on a hook. It has been preserved by Mr. J. H.
Wilson for the Whitby Museum.—THos. STEPHENSON, I, Haggersgate, Whitby,
28th June, 1890.
Anchovy on the Coast of the North-West of England.—Although
the Anchovy (Zvgraulis encrasicholus) has been obtained on many parts of the
British coast, it has not hitherto been reported from the shores of the North-West
of England. I am, therefore, glad to be able to record that about twenty speci-
mens of the Anchovy were captured near Silloth, June 27th, 1890.—H. A.
MACPHERSON, Carlisle.
Naturalist,
259
BIRD-NOTES FROM THE MALHAM DISTRICT.
HARRY B, BOOTH.
In view of the approaching excursion of the Yorkshire Naturalists’
Union to Malham Cove and Gordale Scar, it may not be out of place
to give a few notes on the birds of that locality. I shall not attempt
a local list of the avi-fauna, but give simply a few short notes made
during the periodical visits of my friends and myself to that delight-
ful and health-giving district. Of the rare and accidental visitors
I shall not treat, but confine myself chiefly to those birds which any
ordinary observer may find if he only visits the place at the proper
season.
On entering the valley the lover of birds cannot fail to be struck
with the great abundance of that beautiful bird the Yellow or Ray’s
Wagtail (Aotacilla rai) ; which seems to be nearly the most common
bird in the whole valley. On one occasion we noticed a nest and
eggs of this species right in the centre of the moor—a rather out-of-
the-way place for this species. Many pairs of the Grey Wagtail
(4. melanope) may be seen nesting on the mountain streams which
abound in this neighbourhood. Numbers of Dippers (Czmclus
aquaticus) too, make the young river their home ; and here and there
a Kingfisher (4/cedo ispida) may be seen as he flies before us or cuts
across a field at a bend and joins the river again behind us.
In summer many Sandpipers (Zvingotdes hypoleucos) will be seen
gaily tripping along its banks; or a Heron (Ardea cinerea) may rise
close to us and almost leisurely wing his way to his home at Eshton
Hall, about six miles away and near Gargrave. On one occasion as
we passed through Airton—a small village about three miles before
the tourist arrives at Malham, either from Bell Busk, Gargrave or
Skipton—the quick ear of my friend, Mr. E. P. P. Butterfield,
discovered the home of a pair of Pied Flycatchers (AZuscicapa
atricapilla) in a grand old ash-tree close to the low side of the
village; a species new to Upper Airedale. Before leaving
Airton, I should like to mention a small pond about a mile and a
half towards Gargrave and in the second field from the road. Here,
on the 23rd of May of the present year, we were much surprised to
find three ‘Terns (sp.?) hawking over the water just like swallows.
They were not there when we had passed the same morning. We
thought they had got rather out of their line of migration. On the
same pond, the Coot (Fudica atra) yearly breeds. If we approach
stealthily we may generally have a fine view of a Heron as he stands
apparently asleep in the shallow water, and the Sedge Warbler
Sept. 18go.
260 BOOTH : BIRD-NOTES FROM THE MALHAM DISTRICT.
(Acrocephalus phragmitis) will tell us plainly he prefers our absence to:
our company.
But to return to Malham. On our left, we see the stupendous.
block of limestone called Malham Cove, from under which the
stream liberates itself after running underground from the moor.
On the ledges of the steep side hundreds of Jackdaws (Corvus
monedula) make their homes, and now and then a Stock Dove
(Columba wnas) may be seen coming or going. A mile and a half
further on and we are at Gordale Scar. —
caught at Primrose Vale near Ackworth]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th,
1887, xi. 128.
ANON. [signed ‘ R.B.L.’]. Westmorland.
Convolvulus Hawk-moth [Sphinx convolvuli] in Westmorland [at Kendal
a ‘fortnight ago’). Field, Sep. 17th, 1887, p. 478.
ANON. [not signed]. ‘White Hill.’
List of . . Donations to the Museum. . of the Natural History Society
[of Newcastle-on-Tyne], from June, 1877, to August, 1887 [1880, Death’s-
head Moth (Acherontia atropos), taken at White Hill (H. S. Carr)]. Nat.
Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newe., vol. 9, part 2 (1888), p. 286.
Sept. 1890.
280 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
Anon. [signed S.D.C. (Northallerton)]. York N.W. and N.E.
Hybernating Butterflies [near Northallerton; a great many Vanessa
cardut and some few V. ata/anta]. Field, June 23rd, 1888, p. 901.
ANON. [not signed]. York S.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union [at Saddleworth, 16th June, 1888 ;
Phoxopteryx myrtillana, Larentia didymata, Hypsipetis elutata, Hadena
glauca, and Clepsis rusticana noted]. Research, July 1888, p. 14.
ANON. [not signed]. York Mid W.
Leeds Naturalists’ Club [at Bishop Wood: Vanessa atalanta, Lycena
alexis, Satyrus janira, Pygara bucephala, Hibernia progemmaria, £2.
defoliaria, H. pilosaria, Larentia albicillata, L. montanata, L. bilineata,
Liparis aurifilua and Dicranura vinula noted}. Research, Aug. 1888, p. 30.
ANON. [not signed]. - Derbyshire.
Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club [at Miller’s Dale, July 12th, 1888;
Abraxas ulmata in enormous quantities]. Research, Aug. 1888, p. 31.
R. ADKIN. Lance. S.
President’s Address [a specimen of Dezlephila euphorbie said to have been
recorded from Bowden, near Manchester, by Joseph Chappell]. Proc. South
Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 18.
R. ADKIN. Lanc. W.
Crambus contaminellus [exhibited from Preston]. Proc. South London Ent.
and Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 31.
R. ADKIN. York S.W.
[Exhibition of Cleoceris viminalis Fl.; from twelve larvz sent from
Barnsley he expected to rear only the black form of the species obtained in
that locality ; but among them he had bred one of the ordinary forms of the
species as found in the South of England]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and
Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 56.
R. ADKIN. Westmorland or Furness.
[Cidaria reticulata, etc., exhibited from near Windermere]. Proc. South
Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 71.
Rk. ADKIN. Westmorland or Furness.
[Cidaria reticulata recently bred by H. Murray from larvee collected near
Windermere, on /#patiens noli-me-tangere ; specimens exhibited to Ent. Soc.
Lond., Dec. Ist, 1886]. Zool., Jan. 1887, xi. 34; Nat., March 1887, p. 69.
J. ARKLE. Cheshire.
Entomology of Delamere Forest [69 species of Lepidoptera mentioned in
an unsystematic account of the collecting-grounds]. Ent., Jan. 1888, xxi. 2-5.
J. ARKLE. Lanc. S:
Nyssia zonaria two years in the Pupa [with a reference to its occurring at
Southport]. Ent., May 1888, xxi. 140.
J. ARKLE. Cheshire.
Spring Lepidoptera in Cheshire [in Delamere Forest, March roth, 1888 ;
Lybernia leucophearia, Phigalia pedaria, Larentia multistrigaria, Asphalia
flavicornis, Nyssia hispidaria, and Cymatophora or, the latter two being
additions to the Chester Society’s Delamere list]. Ent., June 1888, xxi. 161.
J. ARKLE. Cheshire, Durham.
Deilephila galii in Cheshire [numerous larvae on the Wallasey sandhills ;
account given ; reference to occurrence near South Shields some twenty years
ago]. Ent., Oct. 1888, xxi. 256.
J. ARKLE. Cheshire, Lanc. S. and W., Furness.
Notes from the North-West Counties [i.e. Cheshire (Chester, Delamere
Forest, Wallasey sandhills, Hoylake), South Lancashire (Southport), West
Lancashire (Heysham Moss near Morecambe), and Furness (Witherslack
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 281
Mosses); the species noted are Cheimatobia brumata, Hybernia defoliaria,
H. rupicapraria, H. leucophearia, H. marginaria, Nyssia hispidaria,
Anisopleryx escularia, Larentia multistrigaria, Phigalia pedaria, Cymato-
phora or, Amphiclasys strataria, Teniocampa gracilis, 7. incerta, Tephrosia
biundularia (laricaria), Liparis aurifiua, Nyssia zonaria, Mesotype virgata,
Tenioc. opima, Nomophila ostrinalis, Vanessa cardut in profusion, Tortrix
viridana, Cosmia trapezina, Fiylophila prasinana, Hadena glauca, Acronycta
leporina, Cymatophora duplaris, Pieris napi, P. brassice, Canonympha
pamphilus, Polyommatus phleas, Lycena tarus, Thecla rubi, Bupalus
pinarius, Ematurga atomaria, Lomaspilis marginata, Cabera pusaria,
Macaria liturata, Hypsipetes ruberata, Cidaria corylata, Thera variata,
Aplecta nebulosa, Hepialus hectus, H. velleda, Panagra petraria, Eubolia
plumbaria, Cymatophora duplaris, Ellopia prosapiaria, Lucosmia undulata,
Geometra papilionaria, Anarta myrtilli, Nemeophila russula, Boarmia
repandata, Lycena egon, Drepana falcataria, Amphidasys betularia (black
male and type female in cop.), ZLewcoma salicis, Acronycta megacephala,
Carsia imbutata, Hyria auroraria, Argynnis selene, Syrichthus alveolus,
Lycena salmacis, Pseudoterpna cytisaria, Drepana lacertinaria, Melanthia
ocellata, Nemeophila russula, Peronea rufana, Notodonta ziczac, Gonoptera
libatrix, Vanessa to, Cidaria reticulata, Nonagria typhe, Vanessa cardui,
V. atalanta, V. urtice, Bryophila perla, Apamea didyma, Smerinthus
ocellatus, S. populi, Cosmia pyralina, Notodonta dicteoides, Deilephila galiz,
Cirrhadia xerampelina, and Acronycta alni]. Ent., Dec. 1888, xxi. 313-319.
Eustace R. BANKES. Durham or York N.E.
Coleophora frischella, L. (=C. trifolii, Curtis), versus C. melilotella, Scott
[with a passing allusion to the last-named being found at Stockton-on-Tees in
1860 by John Scott, in the larval state]. Ent. Mo. Mag., June 1888, xxv. 4.
A. D. BARBER. York S.W.
[Winter observations near Sheffield ; Mottled and Scarce Umber Moths—
fiibernia defoliaria and H. aurantiarza]. Nat. Hist. Journ., March 15th,
1886, x. 4I.
A. D. BARBER. York S.W.
[Nyssia hispidaria near Sheffield]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Ap. 15th, 1886, x. 59.
GEORGE BoLamM. Cheviotland.
Additions to the Lepidopterous Fauna of the [Berwick] District,
with notes on the capture of some of the rarer species [Co/ias edusa, Arctia
lubricipeda, Liparis salicis, Orgyia antigua, Odonestis potatoria, Epione
apiciaria, Hypsipetes ruberata, H. elutata, H. impluviata, Luperina cespitis,
Nonagria typhe, Cerigo cytherea, Agrotis precox, Triphena subsequa,
Fleliothis armigera, and Habrostola triplasia; all cited from localities in
Northumberland, and details of capture given]. Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for
1886 (pub. 1887), xi. 559-561.
J. Bowman. Northumberland S., and Lanc. S. or Chesh.
Reminiscences of Larve-breeding [with references to his experience of
Bombyx quercus, Dicranura vinula, Acherontia, Smerinthus populi, Vanessa
urtica, V. 20, V. atalanta (two latter rare), Chelonia caja, and Pieris brassice
at Morpeth, and Lzparzs auriflwa at Liverpool]. Sci. Goss., Aug. 1887,
pp. 169-171.
F. Boyes. York S.E.
{Sphinx convolvuli at Beverley; two fine specimens taken within the last
few days]. Field, Sep. 17th, 1887, p. 478.
Wo. E. Brapy. York S.W.
Melanippe unangulata: a species hitherto unrecorded from Yorkshire
[taken at Haw Park near Wakefield ; dates and details given]. Nat., Dec.
1884, p. 104.
Wo. E. Brapy. York S.W.
Erastria fuscula; a species new to Yorkshire [taken in Wharncliffe
Wood, 1871 or 1872, by Henry Willits]. Nat., April 1885, p. 206.
Sept. 1890.
282 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
Wo. E. BRAby. York S.W.
Acherontia atropos and Sphinx ligustri near Barnsley [instances quoted,
of present and former years]. Nat., Feb. 1886, p. 54.
Wm. E. Brapy. York S.W.
A List of the Macro-Lepidoptera of Barnsley [from Mofodonta dicta to
Phytometra enea ; 7 Cuspidates and 159 Noctuz enumerated, with localities].
Trans. Barnsley Nat. Soc. for 1885-6 (pub. 1887), vol. 5, pp. 15-20.
JouHN BRAIM. York N.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Saltburn [May 30th, 1887; larval
Pterophorus dichrodactylus noted in stems of tansy]. Nat., July 1887, p. 219.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. Furness.
Lepidoptera [Asthena sylvata and Lobophora viretata] at Windermere [and
near Newby Bridge]. Nat., Sep. 1884, p. 42.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. York S.W.
Lepidoptera [Scoparia conspicualis and Dicrorhampha herbosana| near
Bingley [localities stated]. Nat., Sep. 1884, p. 42.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. York N.E., Mid W., S.W.
Lepidoptera near Bingley [Orthotenia.ericetana, Melia sociella, Penthina
dimidiana, Stigmonota regiana, Retinia pinivorana, Scardia arcella,
Dicrorampha herbosana, Scoparia conspicualis, and S. atomalis noted—the
last being new for Yorkshire]. Nat., Aug. 1885, p. 292.
E. P. P. BUTTERFIELD. York Mid W.
Thecla rubi on Barden Moor, Wharfedale [21st May, 1888, common in
a place where an odd one was taken a few years before]. Nat., Aug. 1888,
p. 244.
S. J. CAPPER. Cheshire.
D{eilephila]. Galii Bred [from a Wallasey larva]. Young Nat., Nov. 1888,
1x. 224. [from New Brighton larve, ten]. Young Nat., Dec. 1888, ix. 237.
J. T. CARRINGTON. Durham or Northumberland S.
[Melanic variety of Larva of Abraxas grossulariata taken near Shields,
and (as far as he knew) never taken elsewhere]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and
Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 51.
JouN T. CARRINGTON. ‘ York.’
[Lythria purpuraria ; two undoubted English examples, both taken near
York, and one of which he saw alive]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., Jan. 12th,
1888 ; Ent., Feb. 1888, xxi. 70; Young Nat., Feb. 1888, p. 38.
J. T. C[ARRINGTON]. ‘York.’
Unusual Union between Moths [i.e. Zienzocampa stabilis and T. gothica,
near York many years ago]. Ent., June 1888, xxi. 158.
JouHN T. CARRINGTON. York N.E., Cheshire.
Deilephila galii in 1888 [discussing the faunistic status of the species in
England, and referring to its occurrence at Scarborough and on the Wallasey
sand-hills]. Ent., Oct. 1888, xxi. 249-251.
JAMES CARTER. York N.W.
Notes from [Masham in] North Yorkshire [great abundance in 1888
of Vanessa carduz, usually only sparingly noted]. Field, June 9th, 1888, 840.
J. W. CARTER. York Mid W.
Erebia Blandina, &c., in Upper Wharfedale [at Grassington, with
Pterophorus serotinus and Miana expolita|. Nat., Oct. 1884, p. 57.
J. W. CARTER. Linc. N.
Satyrus tithonus in Lincolnshire [at Owston Ferry, and in 1882 and 1884
near Gainsborough]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
J. W. CarTER. York N.E.
Ennychia cingulalis, etc., at Helmsley [in July 1885, with Satyrus hyper-
anthus, Asthena blomeraria, and Venusia cambricaria]. Nat., Oct. 1885, 347-
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1888, 283;
J. W. CARTER. York Mid W..
Lycena agestis in Upper Wharfedale [at Grassington, July 1886]. Nat.,
March 1887, p. 66.
J. W.:>CARTER. York S.W., York Mid W.
Melanippe unangulata at Bradford and Barden [details of the captures
given]. Nat., March 1886, p. 67.
J. W. CarTER. York Mid W.
Phigalia pilosaria in January [1888, on the 22nd, at Shipley Glen]. Young
Nat., March 1888, ix. 63.
J. W. Carter. York S.W-
Deilephila galii at Bradford [in Manningham Park, 22nd July; former
occurrences at Cleckheaton and Wibsey (1878) noted]. Nat., Sep. 1888, 268.
JosEpH CHAPPELL. Lanc. W.
D{eilephila]. Galii at Manchester [captured at ‘ Hest Bank near Morecombe,’
21st July, 1888]. Young Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 183.
JosEPH CHAPPELL. Cheshire, Lanc. W-
Captures near Manchester [at Dunham, larve of Cherocampa porcellus,
Luperina cespitis; and Detlephila galit at Wallasey and Blackpool]. Young
Nat., Dec. 1888, ix. 238.
H. S. CLarKE. Isle of Man.
[The Eyed Hawk-moth (Smerinthus ocellatus) in the Isle of Man; writer
claims to have found the first specimen ever obtained on the Island]. Manx
Note Book, No. 9, Jan. 1887, iii. 47.
R. AUGUSTINE CLARKE. Lanc. W.
Deilephila galii in Lancashire [one at Rossall School near Fleetwood, in
a fives-court, 22nd July]. Ent., Dec. 1888, xxi. 321.
York Mid W..
W. EAGLE CLARKE, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, and WILLIAM STOREY.
Upper Nidderdale and its Fauna... Lepidoptera [an enumeration of
56 species for Pateley and of 122 for Birstwith, the latter on the authority of
F. T. Walker]. Nat., July 1886, pp. 208-210.
T. D. A. CoCKERELL. Lance: S., Cheshire.
A September Walk through Lancashire, Cheshire, and Staffordshire
[Spelosoma lubricipeda and S. menthastrt noted Sep. gth, 1885, between
Liverpool and Prescott; Hadena protea at Chelford, Sep. 11th]. Nat.,
Feb. 1886, p. 57.
JOSEPH COLLINS. Lanes 5:
Larve of [Deilephila] Galii on Willow Herb at Risley Moss, near
Warrington [found Sep. 22nd, 1888, while beating for larval Zezocampa
dicteoides ; numerous LD. galt found]. Young Nat., Oct. 1888, ix. 204.
JouHN CoRDEAUX. York S.E., Linc. N.
The Spurn [as a locality for Rare Insects, Sphinx convolvuli, Vanessa
antiopa, Colias edusa, Deilephila galit, Cherocampa porcellus, Euchelia
jacobee, Leucanta littoralis, Tapinostola elymi, Nonagria lutosa, Mamestra
aljecta, Agvrotis valligera, A. ripe, A. corticea, A. cursoria, A. tritici,
A. aquilina, A, precox, A, ravida having occurred]. Nat., Aug. 1884, 1-8.
JoHN CORDEAUX, Linc. N. and S.
Lincolnshire [with reference to disappearance of Lycena dispar, Papilio
machaon, Red Wainscot (probably ‘ Reed’ Wainscot, NMonagria canine),
Rosy Marsh (Noctua subrosea), Red Leopard (probably ‘ Reed’ Leopard,
Phragmatecia arundinis), and Whittlesea Ermine (Arcita urtice)]. Nat.,
Jan. 1886, p. II.
T. A. COWARD. Cheshire.
[Scotosia dubitata in disused copper-mines at. Alderley Edge, Jan. 7th,
1888]. Zool., June 1888, p. 222.
Sept. 1800.
284 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
‘G. W. K. CROSLAND. York S.W., Mid W., and N.E.
Scopula ferrugalis at Huddersfield [one at Grimescar Wood, 31st Aug.,
1888; Scarborough and Harrogate, the only previous Yorkshire records].
Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 331.
ELIZABETH CRoss. Linc. N.
Acronycta alni in Lincolnshire [larva beaten off birch at Appleby near
Brigg, Sep. 3rd, 1888 ; Motodonta dicteoides occurs]. Ent., Oct. 1888, 258.
Durham, Westmorland, Cumberland,
C. W. DALE. Lanc., Yorksh., Linc. S.
The History of our British Butterflies [issued as a separately paged appendix
to successive numbers of the ‘ Young Naturalist,’ and entering in great detail
into the life-history and variation of each species; at p. 109, range of Hrebia
medea stated and details of Castle Eden Dene occurrence given ; Canonympha
polydama and C. typhon taken in Yorkshire by P. W. Watson (p. 105) ; full
details given of Lrebia epiphron var. cassiofe, mountains round Ambleside,
taken by Thos. Stothard, 11th June, 1809, and by J. C. Dale and J. Curtis,
June 1827 ; also by the latter on Red Skrees, and by Mr. Marshall at Gable
Hill and Styehead, between Wastwater and Borrowdale (p. 113); Apatura
zrzs noted as far north as Lincolnshire (p. 121); Lzmenzt7s stbylla comes up
on the east coast as far as Lincolnshire (p. 132); variety of Vanessa zo taken
at Hull in 1837 (in coll. auct.) has the eye-spot on hind wings replaced by a
white blotch (p. 154); V. aztzopa, one in coll. J. E. Robson, taken near
Castle Eden Dene, crawling out of some burning underwood (p.158); the
Seaton Carew record of numbers about 1820 strewing the sea shore repeated,
also Wailes’ S.E. Durham and Morris’ Rawmarsh records (p. 160); V. antéopa,
in 1846 in Yorksh., Lincs., Notts, in 1872 most plentiful between Humber
and Tyne; in 1874 one seen at Newcastle (pp. 161-162); Van. urtice, var.
from Hawkeshead, Lancs. figd. by Newman (p. 163) ; a swarm at Xmas 1855,
Isle of Man (p. 165); Wailes’ 1858 record of V. folychloros from Northum-
berland and Durham repeated (p. 168); asingular variety of Vanessa C-album
taken near Doncaster and given to J. C. Dale by F. O. Morris, has all the
black spots on the hind wings run into one large patch (p. 170): Stephens’
record (1828) that V. C-album is abundant near York (fide Backhouse)
repeated (p. 173); a few were taken in Norfolk as recently as 1861, and also
in Yorkshire and Durham (p. 174) ; Argynnis agleia var. char lotta ‘ appears
to be least rare in the North of England’ (p. 177) ; ; A. adippe v. chlorodippe
H.S. ‘has been taken by Mr. Gregson near Windermere, in Westmorland’
(p. 180); A. zzobe is recorded (Ent. vill. 83) as taken by Gregson in Aug.
1871, at the Devil’s Gallop near Windermere (p. 181) ; York and Scarborough
are the most northerly records for Britain for 47g. aes (p. 183) ; in 1868
one occurred as far N. as Scarborough (p. 187); 4. ewphrosyne is equally
abundant in Northumberland and Durham (p. 190) 5 wee ea cinxia formerly
occurred in Lines. and Yorksh. for which counties various records from 1702
downwards are given (p. 195). Young Nat., Jan. 1888, pp. 105, 109, Feb.,
p- 113, March, p. 121, April, p. 132, July, pp. 154, 158, 160, Aug., pp. 161,
162,103. 165, 168, Sept., Pp. L7Gwugs, 174, Oct., pp. 177, "180, 181, 183,
Nov., pp. 187, 190, and Dec., p. 195.
GEORGE Dawson. Cumberland.
Pupa of Erebia epiphron [as noted in the Lake District of Cumberland,
July 1888; Zaventia cesiata and Emmelesta minorata (ericetata) also noted].
Ent., Sep. 1888, xxi. 230.
GEORGE C. DENNIS. York N.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Helmsley [Aug. 4th, 1884; three
Pierides, Argynnis paphia, Vanessa urtice, Satyrus janira, S. hyperanthus,
Chortobius paniphilus, Thecla qguercus, T. W.-album, Lycena alexis, Boarmia
repandata, Asthena blomeraria, Vpsipetes elutata, Cidaria immanata, and
Chareas graminis noted ; Vanessa C-album not seen]. Nat., Sep. 1884, 42.
G. C. DENNISs. York S.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Askern [May 20, 1886; larval
Leucania impura noted}. Nat., June 1886, p. 190. z
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 285)
G. C. DENNIS. York S.E..
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Flamborough Head [14th June,
1886 ; Eupithecia lariciata noted]. Nat., July 1886, p. 217.
G. C. DENNIS. York Mid W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Upper Nidderdale [July 1886 ;
Acidalia remutata, Cabera pusaria, Emmelesta alchemillata, E. albulata,
Eupithecia minutata, Melanippe montanata, 7 anagra cherophyllata, Epunda
viminalis, Anarta myrtillt, and Tortrix viburnana noted]. Nat., Aug.
1886, p. 254.
G, C. DENNIS. York N.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Lower Wensleydale [at Leyburn,
21st May, 1888; Pieris rape, Vanessa urtice, Thera obeliscata, and larve
of Nudarta mundana noted). Nat., June 1888, p. 172.
N. F. DoBREE. York N.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Pickering [Aug. 1886 ; Cavonypha
pamphilus and Eup. (supposed) put/chellata noted]. Nat., Sep. 1886, |. 274.
N. F. DoprEE. York N.E.
Yorkshire Naturalists at Gormire Lake and Thirkleby Park [the
lepidoptera noted were Argvunis aglata, Polyommatus agestis, P. alsus,
Macroglossa stellatarum, Anthrocera filipendule, Gnophos obscurata, Anattis
plagiata, Hydrocampa nymphealis, Pyrausta purpuralis, Eup. pulchellata,
Leucania impura, L. pallens, Miana expolita). Nat., Aug. 1887, p. 238.
N. F. DosrEE. York S.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Market Weighton [6th Aug., 1888 ;.
Euthemonia russula and Bryophila perla noted]. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 279-
C. WoLLEY Dop. Cheshire.
Thecla W.-album in Cheshire [two bad specimens caught Aug. 30th in the
parish of Malpas]. Field, Sep. 8th, 1888, p. 373; Ent., Oct. 1888, xxi. 256.
Ep[iror]s. [oF NATURALIST]. Work. ou.
Agrotis ripz at Spurn: a Correction [of an erroneous record of it as
“riparia ‘]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
Eps .NeEL. |: Yorkshire.
Ackworth Reports [note of Crocallis elinguaria, Ennomos tiliarta, Boarmia
rhomboidaria, Polia cht, and Dicranura vinula). Nat. Hist. Journ., Nov.
15th, 1886, x. 167.
J. W. Efi tis]. Cheshire.
Heliothis peltigera at Wallasey, &c. [taken by Rk. Wilding]. Nat., Sep--
1884, p. 42.
Joun W. ELLIs. Cheshire.
Heliothis peltigera [at Wallasey sandhills, two, in June or July, 1884]-.
Nat., Feb. 1886, p. 49.
Joun W. ELLs. Lanc. S., Cheshire.
Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire [213 species of Noctue].
Nat., Sep.-Oct. 1886, pp. 285-306 [7 Deltoidee, 2 Nycteolidz, 1 Chlcephoridz,
I Brephos, and 206 Geometrz]. Nat., Marchand April 1887, pp. 93-115. . . -
Part vii. :—Pyralidina [86 species cited]. Nat., Dec. 1887, pp. 367-374.
Joun W. EL tis. Cheshire.
Rearing Bombyx rubi [which occurs on the Wallasey sand-hills]. Sci. Goss.,
April 1887, p. 93.
W. FINCH, JUN. Notts.
Eccentricities of Insect Life [as observed near Nottingham in 1887;
abundance of 7y7phena proniuba detailed at some length]. Sci. Goss.,
April 1888, p. 93.
Sept. 1890.
286 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
W. FINCH, JUN. Lincolnshire.
Fox Eggars [(Loméyx rub/) with passing reference to the larve being in
great numbers on the Lincolnshire coast, close to the sea, feeding on brambles].
Sci. Goss., April 1888, p. 94.
W. W. FOWLER. Linc. N.
[Acronycta alni and Leiocampa dictza at electric light on Lincoln
Cathedral, Jubilee night, 1887]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., Dec. 7th, 1887;
Zool., Jan. 1888, p. 37; Ent. Mo. Mag., Jan. 1888, xxiv. 192; Ent., Jan.
1888, xxi. 20; Young Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 14; Nat. Monthly, Feb. 1888, 118.
‘W. W. Fow_Ler. Linc. N.
Moths [Leiocampa dictza and Acronycta alni] attracted by the Illumi-
nations of Lincoln Cathedral [on Jubilee Day, June 2Ist and 22nd, 1887 ;
electric light]. Nat., April, 1888, p. 114.
W. A. GAIN. Noits.
Sphinx convolvuli in Nottinghamshire [at Tuxford, Aug. 23rd, 1887].
Nat., Nov. 1887, p. 351.
J. GARDNER. Durham.
Cherocampa nerii at Hartlepool [23rd July, 1885]. Nat., Aug. 1885, 292.
J. GARDNER. Durham.
The Locality for certain Agrotide [is Hartlepool, not Darlington; see
Bibliography (Lepidoptera, 1885-6-7) in Nat., March 1888, p. 62]. Nat.,
April 1888, p. 110.
J. GARDNER. Durham.
Distribution, time of appearance, habits, size, &c., of the genus Selenia
[as observed near Hartlepool, where 5. 2//unaria occurs commonly and
S. lunaria sparingly, and S. ¢dustraria not at all]. Ent. Mo. Mag., May
1888, xxiv. 275.
J. GARDNER. Durham.
Deilephila galii at Hartlepool [24th July, and a week before; particulars
given]. Nat., Sep. 1888, p. 268.
J. GARDNER. Durham.
Larve of Deilephila galii at Hartlepool [on the sand-hills; two found on
Galium verum on the 23rd Sep. 1888]. Nat., Oct. 1888, p. 286.
R. GaRFIT. Linc. N.
Catocala fraxini in North Lincolnshire [at NHogsthorpe, Sep. 1875;
particulars of capture given]. Nat., March 1887, p. 69.
R. GARFIT. Linc. N.
Sphinx convolvuli in Lincolnshire [at Alford, two, Sep. 22nd and 29th,
1887]. Nat., Nov. 1887, p. 351.
ROBERT GARFIT. Linc. N.
Deilephila galii at Alford, Lincolnshire [2nd Aug., 1888]. Nat., Sep.
1888, p. 268.
F. GAYNER and B. S. ROWNTREE. Lance. S.
A Day on the Southport Sand-Hills [June oth, 1888; Lycena ccarus,
Euchelia jacobee, Plusia gamma, and Pyramets cardui noted]. Nat. Hist.
Journ., Sep. 15th, 1888, xii. 123.
T. Gres, JUN. ? Derbyshire.
Exhibition of Asthena blomeri Curt.: Hepialius velleda var. carnus St., and
a variety of Aelanippe montanata, all taken in the neighbourhood of Burton-
on-Trent]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887),
p. 46.
HuGH GOODFELLOW. Cumberland.
Deilephila galii in Cumberland [at Carlisle, 21st July, 1888; details of
capture given]. Ent., Aug. 1888, xxi, 210.
Naturalist
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 287
H. Goss. Lanc. W., Westmorland, Furness.
The Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire [notes on the
occurrence of Leucophasia sinapis, Cenonympha typhon (davus), Polyommatus
corydon, and Thecla betule, at Grange, Silverdale, Arnside, Witherslack, etc. ].
Nat., April 1885, p. 206.
C. S. GREGSON. Isle of Man.
Isle of Man Varieties [of Lepidoptera: Diantheia cesia var. mannani,
D. capsophila, D. conspersa, Agrotis lucernea, Phlogophora meticulosa, Aplecta
nigra, and Polia nigrocincta treated of}. Young Nat., Aug. 1888, ix. 163.
J. T. G[UMERSALL]. : Cumberland.
Butterflies at Seascale (Cumb.) [Satyrus tithonus and Vanessa carduz).
Nat. Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th, 1887, xi. 139.
J. T. G[UMERSALL]. anc: S:
' Moths at Penketh [Macroglossa stellatarum, Smerinthus ocellatus, and
Plusia iota]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th, 1887, xi. 139.
Av Ee LAT I York S.W.
Vanessa antiopa at Sheffield in 1875. Nat., Aug. 1885, p. 292.
JN 105, JAUME ? York S.W.
Chesias spartiata in February [bred by G. Rose of Barnsley ; locality not
given]. Ent., April 1888, xxi. 112.
A. E. Hatt. York S.W.
Lepidoptera in March [1888, at Ecclesall Wood near Sheffield;
Cymatophora flavicornis, Phigalia pilosaria, Hybernia progemmaria, H.
leucophearia, and Anzsopteryx escularia captured, but the formerly-abundant
Nyssia hispidaria not found]. Young Nat., May 1888, ix. 103.
AE. ALL. York S.W.
Abundance of Larve [in Ecclesall Wood near Sheffield; Aybernia
progemmaria, H. aurantiaria, H. defoliaria, Phigalia pedaria, Oprobria
dilutata, and Teniocampa pulverulenta|. Ent., Aug. 1888, xxi. 212.
A. Eo PRALL. York S.W.
The Abundance of Plusia gamma [near Sheffield; all worn, therefore
hybernated]. Ent., Aug. 1888, xxi. 212.
A. 2. EAL. York S.W.
Lyczna Alexis, Hb. [females shot with blue, taken this year in field bordering
Edlington Wood, Doncaster; normal form of female very scarce there].
Ent. Mo. Mag., Oct. 1888, xxv. 103.
As rE BEALL. York S.W.
Lepidopterous Larve near Sheffield [beating on Sep. 17th, 1888, produced
a few each of Cymatophora fluctuosa, Drepana lacertinaria, Notodonta drome-
darius, N. dicteotdes, Lophopteryx camelina, and Cidaria corylata on birch,
and of Veneusta cambricaria on mountain ash]. Ent., Nov. 1888, xxi. 281.
ae LL ATT. Derbyshire.
[Exhibition of series of C/eocer’s viminalis Fl. and Xanthia fulvago L.,
both bred from Derbyshire larvee; Mr. South remarked that cne or two of
the series of X. //vage looked like dark forms of XY. fu/vago F1., and were
probably hybrids between the two species]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and
Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub, 1887), p. 32.
S. Roprinson HALLAM and F. HaLLam. ? Derbyshire.
Lepidoptera of Mavesyn Ridware [in Staffordshire; includes a note of
Sphinx convolvuli taken in a brewery yard at Burton-on-Trent, Sep. 1887].
Nat. World, Dec. 1887, iv. 204-205.
G. F. HARDING. York S.W.
Lepidoptera near Halifax in 1887 [three Cymatophora ridens and one
Sphinx convolvuli|. Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 244.
Sept. 1890
288 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
James Harpy. Cheviotland or Northumberland S.
Report of Meetings of Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, for the year
1885. . . . Rothbury [24th June; Bombyx rudbi (larva) and Saturnia carpint
noted]. Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1885 (pub. 1886), xi. 42.
James Harpy. Cumberland, Northumberland S.
Report of Meetings of Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club for the year
1885. . . . Haughton Castle, Simonburn Church, and Chipchase
Castle, North Tyne [30th July; Decranura vinula noted at Hexham and
plentifully on willows near Carlisle]. Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1885 (pub.
1886), xi. 51.
JAMeEs Harpy. Durham, Northumberland S., Lanc. S., Cumberland.
The History of Charzeas graminis, the Grass or Antler Moth, on the
Borders [with notices of ravages committed at Meldon Park near Morpeth
in 1821, at Clitheroe in 1881, on Skiddaw about 1824, of its occurring at
South Shields, and of its commonness on the links at Newbigin-by-the-Sea].
Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1885 (pub. 1886), xi. 195-205.
G. P. Harris. York N.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hawes [28th June, 1884; three
Prerides, Anthocharis, four Vanesse, Chortobius pamphilus, Lycena alexis,
Melanippe montanata, Corenia munitata, Hepialus hectus, H. humul?, and
Venusta cambricarva noted]. Nat., Aug. 1884, p. 18.
JOHN HARRISON. York S.W.
Varieties of Ephyra punctaria and Numeria pulveraria near Barnsley
[described]. Nat., Jan. 1886, p. 18.
H. W. HEAD. York N.E.
Deilephila galii in Yorks. [one in central Scarborough, July 19th, at rest on
a leaf], Ent., Sep. 1888, xxi. 231:
TuHos. H. Hepworru. Durham.
Stigmonota dorsana at Axwell [in a field at Hagg Hill, 27th May, 1888].
Nat., Aug. 1888, p. 246.
T. C. HEYSHAM. Cumberland.
[Scotophila purpurea and Anarta myrtilli the food of Lamdus excubitor
(Great Shrike) in Cumberland in 1831]. Macpherson and Duckworth’s
Birds of Cumberland, 1886, p. 27.
Joun F. Hits, Secretary. York N.E.
[Colias edusa reported at Bootham, York, proved to be Perdis brassicae].
Nat. Hist. Journ., June 15th, 1888, xii. 111.
J. F. Hits [, Secretary]. York Mid W.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [Azthocharis cardamines, female,
at Askham, 4th June, 1887 (E. D. Doncaster)]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Sep. 15th,
1887, xi. 132.
J; PS HILus [, Secretary]: York S.E. and S.W.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [Orange (Axgerona prunaria) and
Carpet Moths (indefinite!) at Pocklington, Sep. 19th, 1887 (W. Bb.
Barber); Red Underwing (Catocala nupta), Cleckheaton (J. H. Crosland);
this last is ‘decidedly rare in the North.’]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th,
1887, xi. 161. [See next title].
J. F. HIL1s, Secretary. Yorkshire.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [J. H. Crosland reports that the
Red Underwing, mentioned on p. 161, was not taken in the North of England,
as he had previously understood]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Nov. 15th, 1887, xi. 188.
J. B. HopGKINson. York Mid W., Lanc. W.
Lyczna corydon in the North of England [near Settle and Bentham, and
under Warton Crags near Carnforth, with Zhecla guerces|. Nat., June 1885,
p. 246. ie
Naturalist .
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Bibliography: Lepidoptera, 1888 289 ts 268
Notes on North of England Rocks—lll. Alfred Hage. ae A, FG. 5.
Flowering-Plants and Ferns of Upper Swaledale—Wwz. Whitwell
The Faculty of Homing in Gastropods—JZ. Wadlizs Kew, F.E.S., M.C.S.
Notes on the Tree-Sparrow—/. B. Whitlock
Notes—Mammalia
Field Voles in North- East Y Pane eee
borough—MWatthew Bailey.
Note—Botany .
Kuppia rostellata in Cumberland— Wm. Hodgson, LS
Notes—Ornithology .. é : Ass
Flamborough Bird- kee ae ash een Bailey - : “Bitiows’ Nee oe, Fi,
Macpherson, M.A., M.B.O.U.; Yellow Wagtail in Swaledale— Yas. Bachk-
house, Futt., FZS., M.B.0.U; Spotted Redshank in Cumberland—
Rev. H. A, Macpherson, M.A., M.B.O.U.; Garganey in Cumberland—
Rev. H. A. Macpherson, M.A., M.B.O.U.; Nesting of the Cirl Bunting
at Lofthouse near Wakefield—Yohkxn Ward.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 289
J. B. HopGKINsOoN. Cumberland.
Lyczna corydon in Cumberland [where it used to occur at Grisedale, at
the foot of Saddleback]. Ent., Feb. 1888, xxi. 54.
J. B. HopGKINson. Derbyshire.
Agrotis fennica [repetition of particulars of the Chesterfield example now
in York Museum]. Ent., Feb. 1888, xxi. 59.
J. B. HODGKINSON. Westmld. and Furness, Lanc. W., Isle of Man.
Northern Lepidoptera in 1887 [at Windermere, Isle of Man, Wyresdale,
and ‘the moors’; very numerous species referred to]. Ent., April 1888, xxi.
104-108, and erratum, May 1888, xxi. 141.
J. B. HopcKINson. Lanc. S. or W.
Nepticula minusculella in Lancashire [near Ashton-on-Ribble pre-
sumably ; also V. hodghinsondt and Micropteryx sparmanetla; food-plants
stated, but not locality]. Ent., June 1888, xxi. 160.
J. B. HopGKINson. Westmld., Furness, Isle of Man, Lanc. W. or S.
A Lepidopterist’s Memoranda in 1888 [numerous Wefficule, Lithocolletis
frilichiella, L. kleemannella, L. stettinensis, Glyphipteryx oculatella, Catoptria
aspidiscana, Micropteryx mansuetella, Lithocolletis vacciniella, Incurvaria
canariella, Ertopsela fractifasciana, Mimeseoptilus hodgkinsont, Opadia
funebrana, Penthina postremana, Stigmonota roseticolana, Canonympha
typhon, Acidalia fumata, Aspilates strigillaria, Coleophora wilkinsont,
Lithosia mesomella, Adela wiridella, Ennychia octomaculata, Eupithecta
constrictata (Isle of Man), 2. valertanata, Lycena astrarche var. salmacis,
Phothedes captiuncula, Crambus falsellus, C. pinellus, C. warringtonellus,
Areyresthia aurulentella, Coleophora olivaceella, Choreutes myllerana, and
Elachista monticola noted, for Windermere, Witherslack, Arnside, and
Preston]. Ent., Dec. 1888, xxi. 294-298.
1A Geel a anc. 5,
Pupation of Cossus [ligniperda ; as observed near Southport; interesting
details ; second note explains term ‘cop’ used in the first]. Ent., April and
June, 1888, xxi. 110 and 155.
eg Orel ig Lanc. S.
Hybernia marginaria near Southport [at Crossens; variation described].
Ent., June 1888, xxi. 157.
RoGrivy: Lance. S.
Nyssia zonaria near Southport [decreasing numerically year by year;
details given]. Ent., June 1888, xxi. 156.
J. A. JACKSON. Lanc. W.
Notes on the Blackheaded Gull near Garstang [and on a few lepidoptera
of Gull Moss,’ viz. Satyrus tithonus, Chortobius davus, Anarta myrtillt,
Chelonia plantaginis, Carsia imbutata, Hyria auroraria, and Crambus
margaritellus|. Nat., May 1887, p. 130.
W. JESPER. Westmorland.
Early Butterflies [on Whitbarrow Scar near Kendal, April 12th, 1887,
Rhodocera rhamni and Vanessa urtice). N. H.J., May 16th, 1887, xi. 85.
H. WALLIs Kew. Linc. N.
Satyrus tithonus in Lincolnshire [abundant at Louth and Mablethorpe ;
at the latter so is Cenonympha pamphilus]. Nat., March 1885, p. 174.
H. WALLIs Kew. Lincs. N.
A Postglacial Ravine [at Welton Vale near Louth ; Diarnea fagel/a noted
April 11th, 1885, very plentiful on trunks of oak and elm]. Nat. World,
Feb. 1886, iii. 21-22.
Oct. 1890. ' T
290 BIBLIOGRAPHY ; LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
H. WALLIs Krew. leincwNe
Another Postglacial Ravine [Hubbard’s Valley near Louth] and its
inhabitants [77z7phena pronuba, Mania maura and Abraxas ulmata referred
to]. Nat. World, March 1886, iii. 41.
H. WALLIs Kew. , Linc. N.
The Greasy-field and Grisel-bottom [near Louth; Jé@litea aurinia,
Spilosoma fuliginosa, Euclidia mi, E. glyphica, Ino statices, Zygena filipen-
dule, Tortrix viridana, Epinephile zaniva, Vanessa urtice, Melanargia
galatea, Chareas graminis, Polyommatus phleas, Gonepteryx rhammnt,
Vanessa io, V. atalanta, V. cardut, and Lycena icarws, mentioned]. Nat.
World, June 1886, ili. 101-102.
H. WALLIs Kew. Linc. N.
A Half-Day’s Ramble on the Lincolnshire Coast [at Mablethorpe,
April 3rd, 1886; Satin Moth (Leecoma salic’s, larva), noted]. Nat., June
1886, p. 172.
H. Wa.tis Kew. Linc. N.
Pteromalus puparum [parasitic on Vanessa atalanta| near Louth. Nat.,
July 1886, p. 213.
H. WALLIs Kew. Linc. N.
In the Woods [near Louth] in Summer [Cenonympha pamphilus, Lycena
tcarus, Hesperia sylvanus, Polyommatus phieas, Euclidia glyphica, Epine-
phile hyperanthus, Vanessa urtice, Argynnis paphia and Thecla quercus,
mentioned]. Nat. World, July 1886, iii. 121-124.
H. WALLIS Kew. Linc. N.
Evenings in Spring [near Louth; Znzocampa gothica noted]. Nat.
World, Sep. 1886, ili. 162.
H. WaAttis Kew. Eines Ne
[Euchelia jacobee plentiful at Mablethorpe]. Sci. Goss., Sep. 1886, p. 208.
H. WALLIS KEw. Linc. N.
Natural History Rambles. No. I.—In the Woods [near Louth, where
the capture of Lycena icarus and Amphipyra tragopogonis is noted]. Sci.
Goss., Feb. 1887, p. 31.
H. Wats Kew. Linc. N.
Old Chalk-pits [near Louth ; Zpinephile hyperanthus, Pamphila sylvanus,
Vanessa atalanta, Melanargia galathea, Chrysophanus phiewas, Cenonympha
pamphilus, and ‘wood ringlets’ (?)]. Nat. World, May 1888, iii. 81-82.
A. KNOBLAUCH. York S.W.
Urapteryx sambucaria, larva of [on chestnut-tree in the park, Bradford,
Oct. 12th, 1888; no ivy near, but plenty of elder at thirty yards]. Ent.,
Nov. 1888, xxi. 278.
J. LARDER. Linc. N.
A Strip of Lincolnshire Coast [at Mablethorpe; Zuchelia jacobee in
abundance]. Wesl. Nat., Nov. 1887, 1. 283.
B. B. L{E]. T[ALt]. Yorkshire.
York, Bootham. Natural History and Scientific Club [Tortoise-shells
(Vanessa urtice) and ‘ Whites’ (Pierzs, species not stated) noted]. Nat. Hist.
Journ., May 15th, 1886, x. 8o.
B. B. Le TAtt [Secretary]. Lake District, York N.E. and S.W.
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [phenological notes on Axthocharis
cardamines and Vanessa atalanta at York; var. with very dark under-side
of Satyrus janiva at the Lakes; var. of Spz/osoma lubricipeda at Bootham,
York ; Geometra papilionaria near Sheffield ; Nemeophila plantaginis and
Beautiful Small Yellow Underwing (? Azarta myrtill?) at Whitby]. Nat.
Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1886, x. 151-2.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 291
W. LipscoMs. York S.W.
Grouse and their Food [at Walshaw, Hebden Bridge; with a reference
to Juncus squarrosus being there much infested by larvee of Coleophora
cespititiella (names supplied by editor of Field)]. Field, Oct. 16th, 1886, 574.
1Ddg WGN o8 York S.W.
A Common White Butterfly [7ev’s, query species?] appeared March 2nd
[1888, at Ackworth]. Nat. Hist. Journ., April 14, 1888, xii. 72.
Wo. McRAE. Cumberland.
The Duke of Burgundy (Nemeobius Lucina) [ranges from Cumberland
southwards]. Wesl. Nat., Feb. 1888, i. 365.
PHILIP BROOKE MASON. Linc. N. or S.
[Hermaphrodite Saturnia carpini from Lincoln, exhibited]. Proc. Ent. Soc.
London, May 2nd, 1888, p. xv; Zool., June 1888, p. 240; Ent. Mo. Mag.,
June 1888, xxv. 19; Ent., June 1888, xxi. 164.
PHILIP BROOKE MASON. Linc. N. or S.
Hermaphroditism in the Emperor Moth [(Satwrnéa carpinz) ; from Lincoln ;
exhibited to Ent. Soc. Lond., May 2nd, 1888]. Nat., July 1888, p. 199.
Pp. B. Mason. ? Derbyshire.
[Exhibition of Cherocampa nerii captured at Burton-on-Trent]. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Lond., October 3rd, 1888; Zool., Nov. 1888, p. 432; Ent.,
Nov. 1888, xxi. 284; Ent. Mo. Mag., Nov. 1888, xxv. 143; Young Nat.,
Nov. 1888, p. 219.
E. N. MENNELL. York N.E.
[A ‘Common Golden Y’ (? Pusza cota or P. gamma), taken at 20, Bootham,
York]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Nov. 15th, 1886, x. 172.
S. L. MosLey. York S.W.
Annual Report, 1883. . . . Entomology [noting occurrence of Chelonca
plantaginis, Geometra papilionaria,and abundance of Dasypolia templi. Miselia
axyacanthe, Himera pennaria, several Hyberniw, and Exapate gelatella,
near Huddersfield]. Trans. Huddersfield Nat. Soc., Part 1 (pub. 1884 ?),
pp. 7-8, with woodcut of Chelonia caja var., bred at Almondbury Bank, now
in coll. S. Webb.
S. L. Mosiey. York S.W.
A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera found in the Huddersfield District.—
Macro-Lepidoptera [350 species included, with localities and remarks on
comparative frequency; prefaced by notes as to the district]. Trans.
Huddersfield Nat. Soc., Part 1 (dated Dec. 1883), pp. 13-30.
S. L. MosLey. York S.W.
Annual Report, 1884. . . . Entomology [Stenopteryx hybridalis, Crambus
inguinatellus, Eupecilia dubitana, Argyrolepia cnicana (given in error as
Conchylis smeathmanniana), Coleophora fuscedinella, C. gryphipennedia,
C. acyonipennella, Elachista gleichenella and Argyresthia retinella, for all of
which localities are cited, are new to Huddersfield list ; captures of a Psyche,
Celena haworthit, Oporabia filigrammarta, Scoparta coarctalis, and Nonagria
fulva also placed on record; reference made to reappearance of Ennychia
octomaculata in Beaumont Park]. Trans. Huddersfield Nat. Soc., Part 2 (pub.
1885 ?), pp. 7-9; and erratum at p. 32.
A. M. Moss. Westmorland or Furness.
Amphydasis strataria [and Dicranura vinula] near Windermere [with
notes as to comparative numbers, and a distinct variety (described) of the
first-named, and food-plant of latter]. Ent. June 1888, xxi. 156.
H. Murray. Lanc. W.
Colias edusa in Cumberland [one taken ‘near here’ (Carnforth) Aug. 1887 ;
had not previously occurred with us for about ten years]. Ent., Jan. 1888,
XID:
Oct. 1890.
292 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
H. Murray. Furness or Lanc. W.
Cidaria reticulata malformed [seven bred 1887, near Carnforth, all crippled ;
attributed to the dryness of the season]. Ent., Jan. 1888, xxi. 16.
ie NEESON. York N.E.
Hybernating Butterflies [Vanessa carduz in great numbers between Redcar
and Marske, June 12th and 13th]. Field, June 30th, 1888, p. 936.
W. NELSON. York S.E.
A Day’s Collecting near Howden, Yorks. [Zycena phieas noted,
30th May, 1887]. Journ. of Conch., Jan. 1888, vol. 5, p. 263.
Wm. NEWMAN. Durham or York N.E.
Cidaria suffumata var. piceata [mear Darlington; the species not so
common as formerly ; a larger proportion than known before were of the
variety]. Ent., Aug. 1888, xxi. 212.
F. W. PAPLe. anes ss
Liparis salicis [found in August, in all stages, at Southport]. Sci. Goss.,
Dec. 1888, p. 282.
F, N. PIERCE. Lance. S.
Newspaper Entomology [criticism of a paragraph anent a ‘ full-grown
butterfly ’ at Manchester in January]. Young Nat., March 1888, p. 62.
G. T. PorrRiT?T. Work Siw
List of the Micro-Lepidoptera of Huddersfield and neighbourhood
[3 deltoids, 27 pyrales, 10 crambites, 109 tortrices, 168 tinez, and Io ptero-
phori noted—327 in all—with localities, etc.]. Trans. Huddersfield Nat.
Soc., Part 1 (dated Dec. 1883), pp. 31-46.
Gro, T. Porritt. York S.W.
Eupecilia dubitana in Yorkshire [at Dungeon Wood, Huddersfield, June
1884 ; new to Yorkshire list]. Nat., Aug. 1884, p. 15.
G. T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Phycis betulella, &c., near Doncaster [taken 31st May, in Green Farm
Wood ; Geometra papilionaria also taken]. Nat., Sep. 1884, p. 42.
Gro, T. PorrRiTT. York N.E.
Agdistes Bennettii at Redcar [a second taken by J. Sang, establishing its
position as a Yorkshire insect]. Nat., Sep. 1884, p. 42.
GEO, T. PorRiITYr. York S.W.
Crambus inquinatellus at Huddersfield [taken in Aug. 1884, at Bilberry
Reservoir near Holmfirth]. Nat., Oct. 1884, p. 57.
Geo, T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Seasonal Notes on Lepidoptera (South-West Yorkshire) [Oforadia filz-
erammarta and Celena haworthit, Greenfield and Huddersfield ; Scoparia
coarctalis and Vanessa cardut at Hudderstield]. Nat., Oct. 1884, p. 57.
Geo. T. Porritt. York S.W.
Coleophora fusco-cuprella: a Correction [the Doncaster specimens of the
‘ Yorkshire List’ turned out to be not that species]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
Gro. T. PorRiTT. York S.W.
Hepialus humuli [an unusual variation in the females, observed about
Huddersfield]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
Gro. T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Stenopteryx hybridalis and Argyresthia retinella at Huddersfield
[localities and particulars given]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 293
GEo. T. Porrirvr. York Mid W.
Phoxopteryx diminutana in Yorkshire [at Bishop Wood, 2nd June, 1884;
new to the county]. Nat., Dec. 1884, p. 104.
Gok. PORRITT: York S.W.
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire Naturalists at Anston Stones [30th
April; Herbula cespitalis noted]. Nat., June 1885, p. 261.
GEO, T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Lepidoptera in the Green Farm Wood, Doncaster, May 3oth, 1885
[Phycis betulella, Coleophora currucipennella, Geometra papilionaria, Cheima-
tobia boreata, Phoxopteryx ramana, Arctia mendica, and Platypteryx falcula
noted]. Nat., Aug. 1885, p. 292.
G. T. Porritt. York S.W.
Curious place for a Cuckoo’s egg [and capture of Ayria auroraria and
Acidalia straminata, on Thorne Waste, July 1885]. Nat:, Oct. 1885. p. 344.
GEo. T. PorRITT. York S.E., Cheshire, Lanc. S. ?
Heliothis peltigera in Yorkshire [taken at Kilnsea, Holderness, by W. Eagle
Clarke, Sep. 6th, 1885 ; new to the Yorkshire list; editorial note appended,
giving British distribution]. Nat., Oct. 1885, p. 347.
Gero. T. PorRITT. Yorkshire, Westmorland.
Localities of Collix sparsata and Eupithecia constrictata [the latter at
Witherslack, as well as both in Yorkshire ; note corrective of Owen Wilson].
Nat., Oct. 1885, p. 347.
Geo. T. PorRITT. York Mid W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Blubberhouses [26th Sep., 1885;
Arctia fuliginosa, Saturnia carpini, Oporabia filigrammaria, Eupithecia
pulchellata, Cidaria psittacata, Celena haworthii, Stenopteryx hybridalis,
Coleophora murinipennella, Argyresthia conjugella, all taken during the day,
and Satyrus tithonus, Nudaria mundana, Acidalia incanaria, Verusia cam-
bricaria, Larentia pectinitaria, Emmelesia affinitata, E. alchemiillata,
Melanthia rubiginata, M. ocellata, Cidaria populata, C. pyraliata, C. filvata,
Leucania impura, Crambus pratellus, C. margaritellus, Tortrix forsterana,
Amphysa gerningana, Sciaphila virgaureana, Grapholitha trimaculana,
G. penkleriana, Coccyx ustomaculana, Xylopoda fabriciana, Eupecilia angus-
tana, Xanthosetia hamana, Conchylis stramineana, Aphelia pratana,
Grapholitha geminana, Dicrorampha herbosana, Depressaria pulcherrimella,
and Pterophorus pterodactylus taken by Thos. Eedle, July 1885]. Nat.,
Nov. 1885, p. 380.
Geo. T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Entomological Notes from Huddersfield [anent Grapholita geminana,
Ephippiphora brunnichana, Penthina sauctana, Gelechia politella, Argyresthia
conjugella, A. cnicana, Coleophora nigricella, Tischeria complanella, Lithocolletis
salicicolella, Eupaecilia dubitana, Scoparia coarctalis, S. muralis, Tortrix
costana, Acidalia inornata, Sphinx convolvuli, and Acherontia]. Nat., Jan.
1886, p. 16.
Gro. T. PoRRITT. York S.W.
Oncocera ahenella and Catoptria expallidana in Yorkshire [being the
evidence in support of the validity of the Huddersfield occurrences, the only
ones for Yorkshire]. Nat., March 1886, p. 66.
GEORGE T. PorRITT. York S.W., N.E., Mid W.
Tortrix transitana (diversana) Spilonota roszcolana, and Depessaria
weirella in Yorkshire [at Edlington Wood near Doncaster, at York, and at
Saltburn, where also occurred Def. douglasella and /terophorus dichrodactylus].
Nat., Jan. 1887, p. 21.
Oct. 1890.
294 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
G.. T. PorrRITT. York S.W.
[Variation in Huddersfield examples of Cidaria suffumata and Hypsipetes
elutata; specimens exhibited]. Ent. Soc. Lond., Dec. Ist, 1886; Zool.,
Jan. 1887, xi. 35; Nat., March 1887, p. 609.
Gero. T. PorRIrv. York, No anes:
Lepidoptera, etc., on the North-East Coast of Yorkshire, in August 1886
[a list of 96 species captured; and a casual reference to black Southport
examples of Agrotes nigricans]. Nat., March 1887, pp. 67-69.
GeEorGE T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Variation in Hybernia progemmaria [at Huddersfield; melanism on the
increase]. Ent. Soc. Lond., April 6th, 1887; Nat., Aug. 1887, p. 228; Zool.,
May 1887, xi. 199.
GrorGE T. PorriTT. Linc. N.
Coleophora obtusella in Lincolnshire [larvee taken by J. Eardley Mason at
Chapel near Alford]. Nat., Oct. 1887, p. 290.
G. T. PorRIrTT. Durham.
[The Brown Form of Crambus perlellus at Hartlepool occurs with the
ordinary typical form, and is there regarded as only a variety of it]. Ent.
Soc. Lond:, Oct. 5th, 1887; Zool., Nov. 1887, xi. 436; Nat. Monthly,
Nov. 1887, p. 60.
G. T. PoRRITT. Yorkshire.
[Melanic variation in Drwrnea fagella at Huddersfield, from which neigh-
bourhood the typical pale form has almost disappeared]. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
Oct. 5th, 1887; Zool., Nov. 1887, xi. 437; Nat. Monthly, Nov. 1887, p. 60.
G. T. Porrirt. Yorkshire, Isle of Man.
[Exhibition of Crdaria russata from Yorkshire, Isle of Man and other
localities, those from the two named being almost black]. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wond:,, Dec. 7th; 1887; Zoolwmlans.) 1888, 3rd Series) sain 37.5 but,
Jan. 1888, xxi. 20 (as C. ‘trumcata’); E.M.M., Jan. 1888, xxiv. 192;
Young Nat., Jan. 1888, ix. 14; Nat. Monthly, Feb. 1888, p. 118.
GEORGE T. PorRITT. York S.W. and N.E.
Yorkshire Entomological Notes [Aflecta tencta, Depressaria badtella, Padisca
bilunana, and Gelechia politella near Huddersfield, Dep. wezrella at York,
Nepticula tormentille on the West Riding moors]. Nat., Jan. 1888, p. 12.
Gero. T. PoRRITT. York Mid W. and N.W., Westmorland.
The Supposed Yorkshire Nepticula tormentillz [is 2 new and unnamed
species]; and the occurrence of another species [Lzthocolletzs sorbiella, at
Ingleborough and Richmond] new to the county. Nat., March 1888, p. 82.
GEORGE T. PORRITT. Isle of Man.
An Entomological Expedition to. . . . . the Isle of Man [in
Aug. 1887; 50 species noted, with localities]. Nat., April 1888, pp. 103-106.
Gro. T. PorRITT. York Mid W.
Nepticula serella [new to Britain; taken at Ingleborough by Mr. E. R.
Bankes]. Nat., May 1888, p. 151.
Gro. T. PoRRITT. York S.W.
Description of the Larva of Euclidia mi [taken June 5th, 1886, at Green
Farm Wood, Doncaster]. Ent. Mo. Mag., June 1888, xxv. 13-15.
G. T. PorritrT. York 'S.E.
Yorkshire and Lancashire Naturalists at Saddleworth [16th June, 1888:
Hadena glauca (commonly), Phoxopteryx myrtillana, and Clepsis rusticana
noted round Bill’s-o’-Jack’s]. Nat., July 1888, p. 213. is
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 295
Gro. T. Porrir?. York S.W.
Variation in Arctia mendica [bred from a batch of eggs found near [Hu-
dersfield in 1887; the variation described]. Ent. Mo. Mag., July 1&8x,
xxv. 39; Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., July qth, 1888, Part 3, p. xxiii; Zool.,
Aug. 1888, p. 316; Ent., Aug. 1888, xxi. 214; Ent. Mo. Mag., Aug. 1888,
xxv. 72; Young Nat., Aug. 1888, ix. 159.
GEORGE T. PorRRITT. Chesh., York N.E., Mid W., and S.W.
Deilephila galii in 1888 [in various localities; and in the larval form on
Wallasey sand-hills]. Nat., Oct. 1888, p. 298.
GEORGE T. PorrRiIt?. York S.W., Notts.
Euperia fulvago and Acronycta alni near Doncaster [in Wadworth Wood:
Lobophora hexapterata there also; previous Yorkshire records recapitulated }.
Nat., Nov. 1888, p. 331.
Gro. T. PorRITT. York S.W.
Melanism in Boarmia repandata [near Huddersfield ; specimens described
and variation discussed]. Ent. Mo. Mag., Dec. 1888, xxv. 161.
L. RICHARDSON. York N.E.
The York School Excursion to Scarbro’, June roth, 1886 [4zthocharis
cardamines, Cidaria silaceata, ‘Common Carpets,’ Argynnis euphrosyne,
Fidonia atomaria, Saturnia carpini, and Bombyx rubi (cocoon) noted in
Bee Dale]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Feb. 15th, 1888, xii. 14.
ALFRED RiIpGWay and FREDK. W. RipGcway: York Mid W.
Ramble from Sherburn Station to Cawood, Yorkshire [Aug. rst, 1887;
Vanessa urtice, Pieris brassice, P. rape, Satyrus janira, and Lycena agestis
noted]. Nat. Hist. Journ., May 15th, 1888, xii. 92.
Joun E. Rosson, Durham.
Heliothis peltigera in the North of England; three Co. Durham instances
cited]. Nat., Dec. 1885, p. 393.
Joun E. Rosson. Durham, York S.W.
In Memoriam.—John Sang [mentioning his capture at Wakefield in 1848 of
Deilephila celerio, Elachista gregsonella, and Dichrorhampha tanacetana, at
Coniscliffe, and Elachista paludum and Heliozele resplendella at Hellkettles].
Nat., Feb. 1888, pp. 52-54.
Joun E. Rosson. Lanc. S., Isle of Man, York S.W., etc.
A Visit to Liverpool [notes on C. S. Gregson and his collection]. Young
Nat., April 1888, pp. 101-103. [Agrotes Spinifera, Isle of Man, named by
Doubleday ; Aplecta nebulosa, dark examples from Sheffield; all in C. S.
Gregson’s collection]. Young Nat., June 1888, ix. 121-123.
J. E. Rosson. Durham.
Abundance of certain species of Lepidoptera [at Hartlepool and else-
where; Vanessa carduz, Plusia gamma, and Azthocharis cardamines).
Young Nat., July 1888, ix. 143.
Joun E. Ropson. Durham.
Ephippiphora Regiana [at Hartlepool and in Upper Teesdale]. Young
Nat., July 1888, ix. 144.
Joun E. Rosson. Durham.
Heliothus [sic] Peltigera [at Hartlepool, June 15th, 1888, a fine female ;
the third taken there]. Young Nat., July 1888, ix. 144.
J. E. Rosson. Durham.
Deilephila galii at Hartlepool [one, 18th July, 1888, and a second a day or
later]. Young Nat., Aug. 1888, ix. 163.
Oct. 1890.
295 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888.
Joun E. Rosson. Isle of Man.
Isle of Man Varieties [of lepidoptera ; Dianthecia cesia var. mannani,
D. capsophila, D. conspersa, and Agrotis lucernea treated of]. Young Nat.,
Aug. 1888, ix. 164.
J. E. Ropson. Cheshire.
Deilephila galii in 1888 [general considerations, with a remark on its abundance
on the Cheshire sand-hills]. Young Nat., Oct. 1888, ix. 198-199.
J. E. Rosson. ‘York.’
[Exhibition of five varieties of Zygena lonicere and var. eborace, from one
field near York ; at an exhibition of South Lond. Ent. Soc., Oct. 17th, 1888].
Young Nat., Nov. 1888, ix. 223.
JOHN T. RODGERS. Lane. S.
Miana strigilis [near Oldham ; the black form—@e/hiofs Haw.—only taken
till this year, when two or three with white markings occurred]. Young Nat.,
Oct. 1888, ix. 204.
W. D. RoEeBUcK. York S.W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hatfield Chace [21st Sep., 1887:
Saturnia carpint, Bombyx rubt, and Eubolia cervinaria noted]. Nat.,
March 1888, p. 85.
A, J. ROSE. Westmorland and Furness.
[Exhibition of varieties of Boarmia repandata L. from Ambleside, and
Nudaria mundana L., which had been plentiful on walls in the Lake Dis-
trict]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), 69.
RUDOLPH ROSENSTOCK. York Mid W.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Boroughbridge [25th May, 1885 ;
Swammerdamia comptella and S. pyrella]. Nat., July 1885, p. 280.
M. ROUTLEDGE. Cumberland.
Sugaring near Carlisle [since July 11th, 1888, produced Agvot7s segetum,
A. exclamationts, Leucania pallens, and Xylophasia monoglypha, while a bed
of Valerian attracted Plustzde and Cucullia umbratica|. Ent., Aug. 1888,
Gly BUA
M. ROUTLEDGE. Cumberland.
Lepidoptera in Cumberland [at Hayton, Carlisle; Ajlecta nedulosa,
Chareas graminis, Bryophila perla, Agrotis tritici, Galleria mellonella,
and Lllopia prosapiaria were the best captures in July and August]. Ent.,
Nov. 1888, xxi. 280.
J. H. ROWNTREE. York S3E:
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Spurn Point [3rd Sep. 1884:
three Vanesse, Lycena alexis, Agrotis tritict, Plusia gamma, Pterophorus
pterodactylus, Stenopteryx hybridalis, Agrotis riparia [error for A. ripe),
Pieris brassice, and Macroglossa stellatarum noted]. Nat., Nov. 1884, p.92;
also see Dec. 1884, p. 104.
J. H. ROWNTREE. York N.E.
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Whitby [3rd August, 1885; Sadyraus
janira, Metrocampa, Boarmia rhomboidaria, Abraxas grossulariata, Eubolia
mensuraria, Camptogramma bilineata, and Cidaria russata or immanata
noted]. ‘Nat., Oct. 1885, p. 349.
J. H. RownTREE. York N.E.
Acronycta alni and other Moths [Plusta interrogationis and Hepialus
velleda] near Scarborough [localities and dates given]. Nat., Oct. 1887,
p- 290.
J. SANG. ? Durham or York N.W.
Hemerobius inconspicuus, McLach., bred [along with Aetinza pinivorana
from Scotch fir, locality not stated, query near Darlington?]. Ent. Mo.
Mag., Jan. 1885, xxi. 192.
BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1888. 297
Joseru T, SEWELL. York N.E.
Scoria dealbata at Whitby [recorded as new to Yorkshire; the record
turned out an error, the species being Spilodes palealis}. Nat., Aug. 1886, 251.
JosEPH T. SEWELL. York N.E.
Spilodes palealis near Whitby [new to Yorkshire ; was in former note
erroneously recorded as Scorta dealbata). Nat., Sep. 1886, p. 276.
W. G. SHELDON. Derbyshire.
[Observations on collecting 7ephrosva crepuscularta in Derbyshire, from
which it appeared that in some of the woods which had been thinned, the
insect was generally found on the trunks of oak trees, and was the light form,
whereas those found in another wood which was very thick, were very dark,
and in some cases almost black]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist.
Soc. for 1886 (pub. 1887), p. 56.
CHARLES SMETHURST. York Mid W.
Lepidoptera near Ilkley [being records of P/us¢a interrogationis, Epunda
viminalis, Xanthia cerago, X. silago, Cidaria fulvata, C. pyraliata, and
Cynthia cardui, with localities stated]. Nat., June 1885, p. 246.
BERNARD SMITH. Notts.
Notes on the Notodontide. . . No. 4.—Wotodonta chaonia and N. trimacula
[the var. dodonea of the latter is found in Sherwood Forest, ‘the larvze
nestling in the deep wrinkles of the bark of its aged oaks during the day’).
Ent., Feb. 1888, xxi. 37.
RICHARD SOUTH. Yorkshire.
President’s Address [reviewing the additions to the British fauna during the
year; remarks on ‘A Gelechia taken by Mr. Sang, amongst 010<-—__
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ON A COAL-SEAM IN THE BERNICIAN SERIES
OF NORTHUMBERLAND, AND ITS BEARING
ON THE THEORY OF THE FORMATION
OF COAL.
G. W. BULMAN, M.A., B.Sc.,
Corbridge-on-Tyne.
TuHeE Bernician series of Northumberland corresponds with the
Mountain Limestone of Derbyshire and the Carboniferous Lime-
stone series of Scotland. In it several coal-seams of minor im-
portance occur. Some of these are worked in the south-west and
north of the county. Among the best known is the Little Lime-
stone Coal, so called from its position in relation to that limestone.
The coal-seam in question occurs lower down in the series, and
is one of the two known as Beadnell coals, from the name of the
place near which they are met with. The coast section where the
seam outcrops is a most interesting one, and has been carefully and
minutely described by Prof. Lebour in the ‘Transactions of the
North of England Mining Institute.’ It is the position of this
seam with regard to the other rocks, and the bearing of this on the
theory of the formation of coal, to which I now wish to call attention.
It has—like many of the coals in the Bernician series—its under-
clay, and zs directly overlain by a limestone. On the theory of the
terrestrial growth of coal, and subsidence of the land, the gradually
sinking area on which the bed of vegetable matter had accumulated
would necessarily pass through a shallow-water stage, when sand
and mud would be deposited on the coal, before it reached the
stage of deeper and clearer water required for the limestone.
A section not far from the one which contains the coal-seam shows
the typical transition. A bed of sand, coarse in the lower part and
becoming finer upwards, is succeeded by a thin clayey band with
carbonaceous matter—an old mud, partly of vegetable origin—and
then a limestone.
The presumable interpretation of this is as follows: a coarse
sand-bed is accumulated near shore and in shallow water; the area
sinks, and finer sand is deposited ; it sinks still more, and fine mud
only reaches it ; finally it becomes deep and clear enough for lime-
stone. The coa/-seam and fire-clay occupy the same relative position
as this clayey band with carbonaceous matter; they both overlie a
sandstone, and are overlain by a limestone.
Novy. 1890. Ww
322 BULMAN : THE THEORY OF THE FORMATION OF COAL,
And there is a great difficulty in conceiving how any deposit of
vegetable matter formed on land can be gradually lowered beneath
the sea without suffering extensive denudation. ‘This was brought
vividly to my mind during a recent examination of the so-called
submerged forest on the Norfolk coast.
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PAGE
The Tree Sparrow in County Durham—¥. W. Fawced .. ey mh 2.) 353 & 354
Yorkshire Notes on the Tree Sparrow— Yames Backh F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. .. 355
Fungi New to West Yorkshire—Ciarles Crossland on a oc at 356
Obituary: John Hancock.. op = ud He ae a ay, os) 357 86 358
Bibliography: Phanerogamic Botany, 1886 a ag rs = ++ 359 to 374
Notes—Ornithology.. 5 354
Flamborough Bird-notes—A/atthew Bailey: Shore on Walney Island—
Rev. H. A. Macpherson, M.A., M.B.0.U.;¢ Grey Phalarope in
Cumberland--¥. HY. Gurney, /.Z.S., M.B.O} Notes on the Tree
Sparrow—¥. Voung, 7B.0.U.
Note—Mammalia ... Se is « aa fate 3 Xx i ote 356
Squirrel feeding on Fungi—Rev. H. A. Macpherson., M.B.O.U.
Notes—Botany DE a ie Ne BE a Wes End = Re 356
Lycopodium alpinum in West Cumberland: a CorrechPercy H. Grimshaw,
Notes and News _.. e ag we Si ae At er " as 355
Title-page, Preface, and Index t¢ Volume.
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THE TREE SPARROW IN; COUNTY DURHAM.
j. W. FAWCETT;
The Grange, Satley.
IN answer to Mr. Whitlock’s call, in the October number of
‘The Naturalist,’ for further particulars of the Tree Sparrow (/asser
montanus) in the county of Durham, I have much pleasure in
adding the following to my notes in the September part.
The Tree Sparrow in Durham is a local resident, but, though we
have many staying with us all the year round, others arrive as spring
visitants ; in fact, nearly all our resident (twelve month round) birds
are partly migratory, i.e., immigrant and emigrant. ‘The earliest
date I know of for the spring visitant Tree Sparrow arriving in this
country is March roth. The bird nests early, the time varying
according to the state of the weather ; if the spring be fine and open
it may happen to be the end of February and the month of March;
if, however, it is otherwise, the end of March or commencement of
April may be soon enough for the Tree Sparrow to commence
housekeeping. Whether it be the end of February or the months of
March or April that the birds commence to build and eventually
rear their young, they still hatch and bring up a second brood in
June and July, or may be the first half of August; at least, such is
my opinion, and I have watched the movements, habits and manners
of the greater part of our British birds in no small measure. Not
only do the resident birds bring up their first brood during the
months above named, but also the spring visitants, though Durham,
I must confess, does not receive them in very great numbers, and
they (the latter) are, as might be supposed, the later of the two
(residents and visitants) in getting their first broods to be able to
care for themselves, though they generally commence nesting soon
after settling in the county, and hence seem to lose little time.
I am not mistaken in my remarks anent the breeding (and inter-
pairing) of the two species, for I know the two distinct species very
well, and positively assert that what I have said was really the case
in 1880, 1881, and 1882. Since the latter date I have not been in
that locality, and cannot venture to say that things are now what
they were then. Though I know that the Tree Sparrow is, or
has been, found in colonies at the places named in page 277 of
‘The Naturalist’ for this year, the Browney Valley (Baxter Wood)
one has, so far, been the only one whereat I was able to make such
close observations as I did, and the only one where I have known
the two species to inter-pair and inter-breed.
Dec. 1890. ¥
354 NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY.
Mr. Whitlock’s request to obtain a hybrid is too late for this year
(supposing that they still inter-breed): and as for next year’s birds,
we shall’ have to wait. His remarks on the Tree Sparrow’s eggs
are quite correct for the average. I have had some which measured
“ths of an inch long by ;',ths of an inch wide, and others as small
as those of the Robin.
Since writing the above I happened to be in the vicinity of
Baxter Wood, and visited the place where the Sparrows (House
and Tree) nested so commonly in 1880, 1881, and 1882, but, alas!
time had wrought many changes during the intervening seven years,
several of the trees having disappeared ; of the remaining ones,
one (an ash clad with ivy) alone was one of the original trees, whilst
the birds, I found, had emigrated to some other locality. Unless
I can come across another colony where the birds inter-breed near
here, I shall be unable to try and obtain a hybrid.—24.x.9o.
*
NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y.
Flamborough Bird-Notes.—I have two more Sabine’s Gulls (Xema sabinz)
to report. One was shot October 7th, South of the Headland ; the other on the
North, October 13th. Quantities of Sea Gulls and Kittiwakes (Rzssa tredacty/a)
have been seen passing the Headland for several days previous to the storm
now raging, which is not an unusual occurrence on the approach of a storm.—
MatrTHEW BaILey, Flamborough, October 16th, 1890.
Shore-Lark on Walney Island.—Some months ago allusion was made to
the presence of the Shore-Lark (O/ecorys alpestr?s) on the coast of Cumberland.
It may be interesting to add that a male Shore-Lark was shot on Walney Island
in October last, and sent to the writer for his identification. When Prof. Newton
wrote his account of the Shore-lark for the fourth edition of Yarrell, this species
was supposed to be almost unknown in the West of England. Mr. Mitchell, how-
ever, records several ‘ Lancashire’ occurrences in the ‘ Birds of Lancashire.’—
H. A. MACPHERSON, Carlisle, Nov. 6th, 1890.
The Grey Phalarope in Cumberland.—The Grey Phalarope (Phalaropus
fulicarius) to which Mr. Macpherson alludes as having been shot in Cumberland
in August 1866, was shot on the 24th of that month, and identified by Mr. J.
Watson, of Carlisle. Out of 235 Phalaropes killed that year, this was the earliest
but one, the earliest of all having been shot at Deal on the 20th. The real
migratory movement did not set in until September roth, on which day three
were shot; on the 12th, five; on the 14th, six; on the 15th, twenty-two; and
after that they were common.—J. H. GURNEY, Keswick Hall, Norwich, Nov. 4th.
Notes on the Tree Sparrow.—With reference to the papers which have
appeared under this heading, I beg to forward a few remarks as to my experience
of the habits of this bird in Kent. I have found its nest in the thatch of stacks
in fields away from habitations, under the tiles of lone deserted houses, in
chalk cliffs by the sea, and in holes in pollard willows, but never in the branches
or in bushes. I had a colony under my observation for several years, and I am
certain that two broods were reared. The first eggs are laid about the middle
of May, and second batch, often in the same nest, exactly a month later.—
J. YouNG, 64, Hereford Road, Bayswater, London, Oct. 3rd, 18go.
Naturalist,
‘
356
YORKSHIRE NOTES ON THE TREE SPARROW.
JAMES BACKHOUSE, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.,
Hon. Curator in Ornithology to the Vork Museum.
A propos of the various papers on the Tree Sparrow (/asser montanus)
in your recent issues, it may be of interest to add a few of my own
observations near to York.
Not far away may be seen a very extensive colony of these little-
moticed birds, on the farm of my friend Mr. John Harrison, at
Wilstrop Hall. The majority of the nests built there are in holes in
walls, specially prepared for them (or for more uncommon species)
to breed in, and in some seasons scores of pairs bring up their
young successfully in such positions. A few build in holes in straw
or bean stacks also, but these seem to be decidedly in the minority
when wall-nesting holes are available.
The eggs are mostly laid between the middle of May and the
end of June, but some lay as late as the beginning of August even,
at Wilstrop; and on an early date in May of the present year,
though many nests were ready, the writer found only three or four
eggs altogether. An average clutch of Tree Sparrow’s eggs are
darker collectively than those of P. domesticus, but in most cases
there will be found at least one light-coloured egg in striking contrast
to the rest. In size, a pretty large series of eggs from Wilstrop or
elsewhere in Yorkshire, appear decidedly less than typical eggs of the
commoner bird. The full clutch is usually five or six. The nests
of P. montanus are, as a rule, less bulky and untidy, and the bird
itself is smarter, more slenderly built, and less obtrusive.
Although no instance has come under my notice of the inter-
breeding of the two species, it seems likely that it should be so,
notwithstanding some slight difference in their usual modes of
nesting. Common Sparrows are frequently discovered nesting in
adjoining holes to those inhabited by the Tree Sparrow; and
Mr. Saunders, in his ‘ Manual of British Birds,’ says—‘ In captivity
this species has bred with the House Sparrow.’ The fact that the
sexes of P. montanus are almost identical in appearance adds con-
siderable interest to the study of the species, and might be an aid
in making observations upon the interbreeding of the two birds.
NOTES AND NEWS.
The Rey. H. A. Macpherson inquires whether Sir Richard Owen has published
any account of the animal remains of the limestone cave at Arnside, originally
discovered by Ruthven. It appears that the late Dr. Gough alludes to the bones
having been sent by Mr. E. Whitwell to Prof. Owen. [Can this be the Kirkhead
‘Cave mentioned, with references, in Boyd Dawkins’ ‘Cave Hunting ’ ?]
Dec. i890.
350
FUNGI NEW TO WEST YORKSHIRE.
CHARLES CROSSLAND,
Halifax.
Tue following is a list of Fungi gathered this season in the Halifax
district, not recorded in F. A. Lees’ ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire,’
and therefore new to the West Riding :—
Agaricus (Tricholoma) portentosus Fr. Gathered on the
rough ground between the foot of Horshold Scout and the canal
near Hebden Bridge, on October 13th, by Mr. Jas. Whitehead,
Halifax, while out on a fungus foray with Mr. J. W. Sutcliffe
and the writer.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) humilis Fr. Gathered near Stern Mill,
Skircoat, Nov. 8th, by Mr. Thos. Aspin, Halifax.
Agaricus (Flammula) hybridus Fr. Found at Ovenden on
the 5th November by Mr. G. L. Lister, of Brighouse.
Lactarius squalidus Fr. On the ground in a plantation close to
Watkinson Hall, Ovenden near Halifax, on the zoth October ;
Mie Galen Laster:
Lentinus lepideus Fr. var. contiguus. Ovenden, Nov. 5th;
Mr. Lister.
Phlebia contorta Fr. Shibden, Noy. 3rd; Mr. Lister.
Clavaria grisea Pers. On dead oak leaves, Winterwell, Crims-
worth, October 26th; James Needham, Woodend, Hebden
Bridge.
The plants were brought to me shortly after being collected, and
forwarded to the Royal Herbarium, Kew, where they were examined
and certified by Mr. Massee.
NOTE—MAMMALTIA.
Squirrel feeding on Fungi.—I am surprised that the fact of the Common
Squirrel feeding on fungi should be considered at all a new discovery. Mr. Tom
Duckworth, of Carlisle, brought it to my notice as an undoubted fact some seven
years ago: and I was then under the impression that the fact had been recorded
before. To us, at any rate, it is in no way novel, but a taste that has long been
known.—H. A. MacpHerson, Carlisle, Oct. Sth, 1890.
NOTE—BOTANY.
Lycopodium alpinum in West Cumberland: a Correction.—The Rev.
H. E. Fox, of Durham, kindly points out an error in my list of West Cumberland
Plants, which appeared in the November ‘Naturalist.’ Lycopodium annotinun,
which I have recorded for Lingmell, turns out to be Z. a/pznum, the former
species, as Mr. Fox says, only occurring in one locality in the Lake District,
viz., the Langdale slopes of Bowfell.— Percy H. GRImMsHAW, Burley-in-
Wharfedale, Nov. 3rd, 1890.
Naturalist,
ve
Un
“I
Sn Wemorian.
JOHN HANCOCK.
Aut lovers of natural history would learn with regret of the death
of this distinguished gentleman, which took place at his residence,
St. Mary’s Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne, on October rrth last.
He had passed man’s allotted three-score years and ten. For
over ‘twice forty years’ he had seen ‘yon weary winter’s sun return,’
and at the good old age of 82 he sank peacefully to his rest, being
attended to the last by his kind friends Dr. Embleton and Dr. Page.
Up to within about a year of his death he scarcely knew what illness
was ; his vigorous constitution, strictly temperate habits, and love of
outdoor exercise, no doubt greatly conducing to his being so strong
and active almost to the end.
Born of a family of naturalists—his scarcely less-celebrated
brother, Mr. Albany Hancock, being one of them—and associated
in his younger days with Atthey, Wingate, Hutton, Hewitson,
C. M. Adamson, and others, all ardent lovers of nature, it was
scarcely to be wondered that Mr. Hancock should soon drift into
what afterwards became the absorbing passion of his life. In those
early days Prestwick Carr—a wild, boggy swamp, situated about
seven miles North of Newcastle—was the happy hunting- ground for
wild fowl and birds of all descriptions, and many were the rare
specimens which Mr. Hancock obtained here.
To Mr. Hancock’s personal exertions it was mainly owing that
the building of the present Museum of Natural History in Newcastle
—atacost of nearly £50,ooo—was brought to a successful issue.
With the munificent assistance rendered by his friends Lord and
Lady Armstrong, the late Col. Joicey, the late Edward Joicey,
Sir Lowthian Bell, and others, he secured a most eligible site for
this purpose, and lived to see a building completed which will for
all time be a monument to his untiring energy. In addition to this,
he most generously presented the whole of his extensive and valuable
collection of birds and skins to the Society—a collection of a life-
time, including every British species in almost every change of
plumage, with thousands of others besides.
It was a rare treat to sit by him in his work-room while he was
stuffing a bird, and hear him talk of bygone days at Prestwick Carr,
the Farne Islands—in Scotland—and the Tundras in Russia (whither
he went with his friend Mr. Hewitson on an ornithological excursion) ;
or to listen to him while he lucidly explained the varying changes in
Dec. 1890.
358 IN MEMORIAM—JOHN HANCOCK.
the plumage of his favourite Falcons during the moult. At a
glance at the markings he could almost tell the whole life-history
of the bird.
In easy circumstances, and having no business cares to harass or
worry him, he was enabled to devote his whole time to his favourite
pursuit, and this time during his later years he gave most ungrudgingly
to the Natural History Society’s Museum, where his works of art
remain as a testimony of his skill.
In addition to taxidermy, Mr. Hancock was also an accomplished
sculptor, and an artist of no mean order, one of his latest gifts to the
museum being a series of water-colour drawings illustrating bird-life,
mostly taken from living subjects in his younger days, to assist him
in accurately setting them up afterwards.
As a landscape gardener he was a great proficient. Cragside
(Lord Armstrong’s seat), Jesmond Dene, Newton Hall, and other
beautiful estates and aie were laid out by him. His keen eve
took in every turn of the landscape ; not a jutting out piece of rock-
work, or a fallen tree trunk, but were all taken advantage of, and
made to serve a purpose of his own.
His friend Mr. W. C. Hewitson, on his decease, left him the
beautiful house and grounds at Oatlands Park, near Weybridge,
Surrey, and from here the writer had from him probably one of the
last letters he ever wrote there. In it he concludes :—
‘Birds generally are very scarce here this year (1889); I mean
such species as we should expect to meet with in the South. .
My state of health is just about the same as it was in Newcastle.
Of course, I get out here every day, and breathe the fresh air, and
I hope it will tell in the long run,’
But it was not to be! On his return to Newcastle his friends.
were grieved to see how his illness had told upon him, and how
feeble he had become. ‘Towards the end of last year he took to his
house, and scarcely ever left it again afterwards.
Of a shy and retiring disposition—unassuming, gentle, and most
courteous in his manner—where many with not half of his pretensions
would have pushed themselves forward and had honours showered on
them, Mr. Hancock preferred to remain quietly in the background.
Enough for him that his efforts were appreciated by his friends—he
asked nothing more—-and it was always one of his chief pleasures to
impart the knowledge he had acquired toanyone who took areal interest
in his favourite study. A true gentleman in every sense of the word,
he leaves a blank behind him which it is impossible to re-fill.
Mr. Hancock was unmarried, and leaves behind him—besides other
relations—a sister, the faithful companion of a life-time.—H. T. A.
Naturalist,
Sth
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and
Physical Features of the North of England.
PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1886.
THE Editors have been much indebted to Mr. P. Fox Lee, of
Dewsbury, for assistance in the Botanical Bibliography, a con-
siderable number of the titles now given being from his pen, and
regret very much that pressure of other work prevents Mr. Lee from
continuing it. The Editors are hopeful that some other »botanist
will volunteer to take up the task that Mr. Lee has been obliged
to relinquish.
The present instalment includes not only titles for'1886, but also
all that have been published in ‘The Naturalist’ during 1884 and
1885, and a few others for those years that have hitherto escaped
attention.
Durham, York N.W., Linc. N. and S., York Mid W.,
ANoN. [not signed]. Westmld., Derbysh., York S.W., Lanc. W. and S.
[Review of] The Student’s Flora of the British Islands [with North-
English references in the case of Polygala austriaca (Teesdale), Scevpus rufus
(Line. coast), Z7/¢a platyphyllos (N.W. Yorkshire), 7hlaspi occitanum (Settle,
etc., Westmorland, Durham), Seecto campestr?s (Ancaster, Linc. S.), Carex
ornithopoda (Mackershaw Wood, Ripon, and Derby), Sel¢nem carvifolium
(Lincolnshire), otentella norvegica (Nirkstall to Snaith), Crepzs nic@ensis
(Harrogate), J/alva borealis (Goole and Preston)]. Nat., Oct. 1884, 67-70.
ANON. [not signed]. York S.W.
[Obituary of Amos Carr : his connection with Cz7cwa alpina (Riveton Valley),
Hypericum dubium, Scutellaria minor, Arbutus uva-urst, and Cotyledon
wmbtlicus (all near Sheffield), and Carduus acaulis (Kiveton Common)].
Nat., Oct. 1884, p. 71.
ANON. [Editor of Naturalist]. York Mid W.
[Children’s Flower Service at Staveley near Boroughbridge; prizes
given for named collections of wild flowers, the winner naming twenty-seven
out of a total of thirty-four different kinds sent in]. Nat., Sep. 1885, p. 329.
_ ANON. [not signed]. York S.W.
Yorkshire Dialects [as used in valley of Calder from Wakefield up to source :
Ackerons, ackerils=acorns (Querces robur); Alehoof=ground ivy (Wefeta
glechoma); Arse-smart = water pepper-plant (Polygonum hydropiper) ; Aspin=
trembling poplar (Lofelus tremula); Birk=birch (Betula alba); Blags=
blackberries (Rebus fraticosus); Bumblekites in North Riding=same ;
Brackens= Pterzs aguzlina; Butter and Cheese=tender leaves of thorn
(Crategus oxyacantha)|. Yorksh. Folk-lore Journ., Part 1, Oct. 1885, 12-16.
ANON. [not signed]. VYorkiosb.
Notes made by Hull Field Naturalists in 1885; Vearsia nympheotaes,
felleborus fetidus, Catabrosa aquatica, Hyoscyamus niger, Linaria elatine,
and Asplentum ruta-muraria added to local list]. Nat., Feb. 1886, p. 63.
Dec. 1890.
360 BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1886.
ANON. [not signed]. York S.W. and Mid W.
In Memoriam—W. W. Newbould [with incidental reference to his paper
on Hutchinsia alpina on Ingleborough, and his addition of Apipactis media
(wzolacea) to the West Riding Flora]. Nat., May 1886, pp. 159-160.
ANON. [not signed]. Lincs. N.
Louth Naturalists’ Society [Botanical report ; Viola hirta, Triglochin mariti-
mum, and Eriophorum polystachion noted]. Nat. World, Aug. 1886, iii. 158.
ANON. [not signed]. York N.E. and Mid W.
York. Mount School Natural History Society [Gentiana pneumonanthe
at Strensall, also Menyanthes, Drosera, &c., and Colchicum autummnale at
Bishopthorpe]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct. 15th, 1886, x. 151.
Anon. [Eds. of N.H.J.]. Cumbld., York N.W., N.E., Mid W. and S.W.
The Floral Calendar [table of phenological observations made at Silloth,
Cotherstone (Teesdale), Ayton, Thirsk, York, Birstwith (Nidderdale), Settle,
and Ackworth, besides other stations in Ireland and Southern England
upon 31 species of plants, with special notes upon some of them]. Nat. Hist.
Journ., Oct. 15th, 1886, x. 153-154.
ANON. [possibly J. H. Salter]. York N.W., N.E., and Mid W.
Rarities.— . . . Cotherstone [Chrysospleninm alternifolium and Lathrea).
Thirsk [Rosa \spanosisseme, Anthemis tinctoria, Serratula tinctoria, Pyrola
minor, Chlora perfoliata, Gentiana pneumonanthe, G. verna, Cuscuta epithy-
mum, Trientalis europea, Ophrys apifera, Tulipa sylvestris, Convallaria
majalis, and Ornithogalum nutans|. Wensleydale, Yorks. [Saxifraga azzoides).
Ingleborough [ Cryptos gramme crispa, Polypodium calcareum]. Nat. Hist.
Journ., Dec. 15th, 1886, 193-195.
C. C. BaBiIncTon. York Mid W. and N.W., Northmbld., Lancs., Durh.
Notes on British Rubi: with special reference to the List in ‘London
Catalogue,’ ed. 8 [Rubus hamulosus L. & M., Gormire, Bardon Mills,
S. Tynedale, Kirkby, Lancs., and Hebden Bridge, Yorks. ; refer for details
and remarks on the species (p. 218); 2. dor@anus Génév., Thirsk (Baker)
(p. 221); &. maasstzt Focke, Woodend, Yorkshire, and Morden, Durham
(p. 225); A. mucronatus (Blox.), Thirsk (p. 226); A. thyrszflorus W. & N.,
Ingleby, Yorkshire (p. 227); A. vadula y. denticulatus Bab., Loxley near
Sheffield (p. 230); A. soehler?, Clives, Yorks. (p. 231); 2. diversifolius
Lindl., Thirsk and Sessay (p. 231); &. mztabilzs Génév., Cleves, Yorks.
(p. 232); A. saxicolus Miill., Byland, Yorks. (p. 233); 2. veuterz, between
Thirsk and Topcliffe, Kirkby, Lancs. (p. 235); 2. deltocdews Miill., Thirsk
and Oulton (p. 235); 2. scabrosus Miill., Thirsk (p. 236) ; 2. cestus y ulmi-
Solius, Naimby, Y orks. (p. 236); A. montanus, Boerby, Yorks. (p. 236) ; and
R. hamosus, Doreton, Yorks. (p. 237)]. Journ. of Bot., July and Aug. 1886,
XXIV. Pp. 216-223, 225-237.
JAMEs BACKHOUSE. Durham, York N.W.
Teesdale Botany: Historical and Personal Recollections [many rarities
enumerated in Hreracta, with Hi oodsia ilvensis, Saxifraga hirculus, Senecio
spathulefolius, Viola arenartia, Polygala uliginosa, Cystopteris alpina, etc.,
as well as some of the early discoveries of rare plants by John Binks]. Nat.,
Aug. 1884, pp. 10-13.
CHARLES BAILEY. Cheshire.
[Cotula coronopifolia L. from Leasowe near Birkenhead, collected in Aug.
1885 by Henry Searle and Abel Bottomley of Ashton ; appears to have been
established for some years ; probably a castaway from Leasowe Castle grounds,
or introduced with foreign ballast]. Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Feb.
15th, 1886, xxv. 219.
CHARLES BAILEY. Westmorland, Yorkshire.
Ranunculus Flammula, Linn., and R. reptans, Linn.; and their
connecting links [discussing specimens of A. veftans found in July 1886
on the western shore of Lake Ullswater, and comparing the two forms at
some length]. Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Nov. 30th, 1886, xxvi.
47-51, and also at p. 52. =;
Naturalist,
BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1886. 361
Cumberland, Westmorland, Furness, Northumberland,
J. GILBERT BAKER. Durham, York N.W. and N.E.
Flora of the English Lake District [summarised and a comparative table
given for Britain, North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Durham, and
Lake District]. Nat., Nov. 1884, p. 86.
J. G. BAKER. Cumbld., Westmld., Furness, York N.W., Cheshire.
On the Relation of the British Forms of Rubi to the Continental Types
[Yorkshire and Lake District experience quoted, and a single Cheshire
specimen cited]. Journ. of Bot., Jan., Feb. and March 1886, xxiv. 4-7,
43-47, 71-77.
J. GILBERT BAKER. Cumberland.
Botany of the Cumberland Border Marches [an enumeration—with localities
—of 361 species of flowering plants collected about Gilsland, with a topo-
graphical introduction]. Nat., Nov. 1886, pp. 325-332.
F. BATLEY. York S.W.
Flora of Barnsley and neighbourhood [from Ravzuznculacee to Geraniacee ;
first instalment]. Trans. Barnsley Nat. Soc., 1885-6, v. pp. II-14.
W. H. BEEsy. York N.W., Westmorland, Cumberland.
On Sparganium neglectum [which has not occurred north of the Midland
Counties in England ; writer has seen specimens of .S. xamoszz, which is the
northern form in Britain, as follows: Yorks N. W., F. A. Lees; Westmor-
land, Miss E. Hodgson (Hb. Mus. Brit.); Cumberland, W. Hodgson].
Journ. of Bot., May 1886, xxiv. 142-143.
ALFRED W. BENNETT. Westmorland, Furness.
Additional localities for [31] Lake-Land Plants [made during a six weeks’
stay between Ambleside and Langdale; supplementary to Baker’s ‘ Flora of
the English Lake District’; 24 are noted for Westmorland, 1: for Furness].
Journ. of Bot., Nov. 1885, xxiii. 330-331.
Cheviotland, Northumberland, York Mid W.,
ARTHUR BENNETT. Durham, Cheshire, Lancashire S.
The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles. Report for 1884,
pp. 101-120 [numerous records of critical plants for the counties enumerated}.
ARTHUR BENNETT. Derbysh., Chesh., Yorks., ‘Teesdale,’ ‘Liverpool.’
Notes on the British Species of Epilobium [from Prof. C. Haussknecht’s
exhaustive monograph (1884) ; the following are cited :—Z. parviflorum L.,
under which Haussknech thas £. parviflorum x roseum=E. persicinum Kchb.,
Derbyshire (Herb. Hooker); 2. montanum L. form i. vertzcillatum, Derby-
shire (Babington); 2. odscerzm: Schreb., under which are £. obscusxum x
palustre=E. schmidtianum Rostkov, Liverpool (Harbord Lewis, as obscurum),
Teesdale (Babington, as zgatum), Thirsk (Baker, as Z. /égz/atem Baker),
and Hale Moss, Cheshire, and £. obscurum x parviflorum=E£. dacicum,
Borbas, Cheshire (Bailey); 2. palustre L., under which is 2. palustre x
parvifiorum= FE. rivulare Wahl., Teesdale (Babington) ; and £. alsznzfoliam,
under which is £. alsintfolium x palustre=E. haynaldianum Haussk.,
Weltrope, in Durham (leg. Baker)]. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., vol. xvii.
(Part i.), 47-50.
Chesh., Linc. N., Linc. S., Derbysh., Lanc. S., Lanc. W.,
ARTHUR BENNETT. York N.E., York S.W., York N.W., Westmld.
The Distribution of Potamogeton in Britain [a list of counties and vice-
counties additional to ‘Top. Bot.’, ed. 2; for Chester is reported P. densus ;
for Linc. N., P. flabellatus ; for Line. S., P. pusillus, P. decipiens, P. 21212,
and P. rufescens; for Derbyshire, P. puszllus, P. natans (seg.), and P. poly-
gonifolius; for Lanc. S., P. mucronatus; for Lanc. W., P. polygonifolius ;
for York N.E., 2. mucronatus ; for York S.W., the same; for York N.W.,
P. natans (seg.); and for Westmorland, P. obéeszfolius]. Journ. of Bot.,
May 1886, xxiv. 139-141.
Dec. 1890.
362 BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1886.
W. D. BRAITHWAITE, Secretary. York S.W.
Ackworth School Natural History Society [with notes on three plants.
new to district, viz., Helleborus fatidus (Brockendale), Doronicum pardali-
anches (N. Elacall, and 320; Eagles near Keswick the Basement Carboniferous Conglo-
(Id.), 323; Grey Phalarope in Cumber- merate at Ullswater (A. Harker), 202 ;
land (ia) 335; Montagu’s Harrier in Notes on North of England Rocks,
Cumberland (Id.), 352; Grey Phalarope Part 2 (A. Harker), 237-242.
in Cumberland (J. 1. Gurney), 354- Hymenoptera: Bibliography for 1884 to
Cryptogamia : Rare Mossesin Cumberland 1889, 39-42.
(C. H. Binstead),16; Lecanora milvina, | Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1888,
St. Bees (J. A. Martindale), 162; L.sub- 284-299.
carnea, Keswick (Id.), 164. | Mammalia: Otters in Cumberland (J. W.
Fishes: Occurrence of Germonon Burgh | Fawcett), 120; Squirrels feeding on
Marsh (H.
Woodpecker near Alford (J. E. Mason),
14;
(Id.), 46; Red-throated Diver at Alford
(E. R. Waite), 94; Notes from the
Humber District (J. Cordeaux), 199-202 ;
Lincolnshire Podiceps auritus sold by
auction (H. A. Macpherson), 210;
Eagle in LincoJnshire, 1784 (Id.), 323.
Diptera: List of Diptera found in the
Alford district (J. E. Mason), 165-166.
Fishes: Occurrence of the Short Sunfish
and Torpedo off the East Coast (J. Cor-
deaux), 42.
Flowering Plants: Bibliography for
1886, 359-374; Alford Naturalists’
Society, list of Plants found (J. B. Davy),
116; Lincolnshire Limestone Plants
(W. Fowler), 169-171.
IS LEG
Birds: Bibliography for 1888, 179-198.
Cryptogamia: Lecanora fusco-atra near
Douglas (J. A. Martindale), 159; L.
milvina in Isle of Man (Id.), 162; L.
prosechoides in Isle of Man (Id.), 164.
Flowering Plants: Bibliography for
1886, 359-374-
Dec. 1890.
(J. Cordeaux), 2; Notes from the |
Humber District (Id.), 5 ; Great Spotted |
Storm Petrel near Alford in 1888 |
Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1888, 279-
299 ; Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire
and Cheshire (J. W. Ellis), Tineina, 49-
83, Micropterygina, $3, Pterophorina,
84-86, Alucitina, 86, and numerical
table, 86; Pterophorus zophodactylus at
Southport (G. T. Porritt), 116 ; Apatura
iris near Alford (J. E. Mason), 267;
Crambus salinellus near Preston (J. W.
Tutt), 334.
Mollusca: Habits of Limax flavus, L.
maximus, and Helix aspersa near Man-
chester (Hi. W. Kew), 311, 313:
Periodical Literature: Discontinuance
of ‘ Research,’ 256.
NSHIRE.
| Geology and Paleontology: Biblio-
graphy for 1888, 125-138; for 1889,
349-350.
Hemiptera: Dicyphus constrictus Boh.
at Well (J. E. Mason), 150.
Hymenoptera : Bibliography for 1884 to
1889, 39-42 ; Sirex juvencus near Alford
(ta: Mason), 04.
Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1888, 282-
299; Colias edusa, Vanessa cardui, and
other Butterflies near Alford (E. Wood-
thorpe), 44; Rarities shown at an Ento-
mological Exhibition at Alford (J. B.
Davy), 150.
Mammalia: Badger in Gayton Fen (J. E.
Mason), 120; Squirrels and Fungi (A. G.
Jarvis), 228, (T. D. A. Cockerell), 306.
Mollusca: ‘rent Shells from Gains-
borough (G. Roberts), 94; Clausilia
rolphii at Well Vale (W. D. Roebuck),
198; Habits of Limax flavus and L.
maximus near Louth (H. W. Kew), 310.
MAN:
Geology and Palzontology:
graphy, 1888, 124-138 ;
Lepidoptera :
283-2090.
Mollusca: Deep Limpet ‘Scars’
Port St. Mary (L. E. Adams), 335.
Biblio-
18389, 340-350.
Bibliography for 1888,
near
378
CLASSIFIED INDEX.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
Birds: Bibliography for 1888, 177-198;
Long-tailed Duck inland in Northumber-
land (A. C. Chapman), 2; Late Breeding |
of Starling near Alnwick (H.T. Archer),
15; Sale of Northumbrian Rarities by
auction (H. A. Macpherson),
in the North of England (Id.), 323.
Flowering Plants: Bibliography for 1886,
359-374 ; Draba verna in November at
Chathill (P. J. Maclagan), 15.
Geology and Paleontology : Biblio-
graphy for 1888, 125 138: for 1889, 343-
210; Eagles |
Association (S. A. Adamson), 12-14;
on a Coal-seam in the Bernician Series
of Northumberland, and its Bearing on
the Theory of the Formation of Coal
(G. W. Bulman), 321-322.
Hymenoptera: Bibliography for 1884 to
1889, 39-42.
Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1888, 281-
209.
Mammalia: Otters in Northumberland
(J. W. Fawcett), 120.
Personal Notices : Drawings by JohnHan-
B5ols Geological Papers relating to cock ae eres to Newcastle Museum,
North of England, read at British 256; death of John Hancock, 324-357.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
Birds: Bibliography for 1888, 178-198 ; erred Plants: Bibliography for 1886,
On the Tree Sparrow at Attenborough |
(F. B. Whitlock), 43-44; Dunlins and
Ringed Plovers in Notts (F'. B. Whitlock),
46; Autumn (1889) Notes from Notts |
(Id.), 47; Further Notes on the Tree
Sparrow at Attenborough (Id.), 155-156;
Kkite and Little Bustard near Newark in
1842 (H. A. Macpherson), 235 ; Notes
on the Tree Sparrow at Attenborough
(F. B. Whitlock), 319-320
WESTMORLAND
Birds:
Bibliography for 1888, 178-198; |
the Tree Sparrow in the Lake district |
(H. A. Macpherson), 92-94; Montagu’s |
Harrier in Westmorland (Id.), 352;
Shore-Lark on Walney Island (Id.), 354.
Cryptogamia: The Lichens of Westmor-
land (J. A. Martindale), 157-164.
Flowering Plants: Bibliography for 1886,
epi peli
Geology and Paleontology ; Biblio-
359-374
closes and Paleontology: Biblio-
graphy for 1889, 341-350.
Lepidoptera : Bibliography, 1888, 285-299.
Mollusca: Food of Limax flavus at Tux-
ford (H. W. Kew), 312.
Personal Notices: Jas. Shipman, F.G.s.,
Paper on Geology of Nottingham, 306.
Societies: Transactions of Nottingham
Naturalists’ Society for 1889, 306.
AND EU RNES'S.
graphy for 1888, 121-138; for 1889,
340-350; Limestone Cave at Arnside
(H. A. Macpherson), 355.
Hymenoptera : eto nenly: for 1884 to
1889, 39-42.
Lepidoptera : Eibliography for 1888, 279-
299; Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire,
Cheshire, Furness (Ellis), Tineina, 49-83,
~ Micropterygina, 83, Pterophorina, 84-86,
Alucitina, 86, and numerical table, 86.
YORKS AiRE.
Actinozoa: Report on Yorkshire Marine |
Zoology (J. Percy A. Davis), 3-4.
Birds: Bibliography for 1888, 177-198;
Notes from the Humber district inautumn
of 1889 (J. Cordeaux), 5-11; Red-breasted
Flycatcher at Scarborough (J. H. Gurney,
un.,
iaeene Spotted Woodpecker at Liversedge
Gane nu bley)hear4us
Notes (M. Bailey), 14; Waxwing and
Dotterel in Central Ryedale (J. H.
Phillips), 15; White Variety of Little
Gull at Flamborough (J. H. Gurney,
jun.), 38; Probable Occurrence of
* Phylloscopus superciliosus near Spurn
(J. Cordeaux), 38; the Yorkshire Records
for the Great Black Woodpecker (H. H.
Slater), 38; A Plea for the Starling
(J. Harrison), 45-46;
Flamborough (M. Bailey), 46;
Shore-larks at |
Storm |
W.: Eagle Clarke, H. Gatke),. 14; -|
Flamborough |
Petrel in Summer (H. A. Macpherson),
48; Great Grey Shrike at Middleton
near Leeds (E. R. Waite), 94; The
Dotterel in Yorkshire (H. A. Macpher-
son), 95-96; Notes from the Tees
district during thelate autumn and winter
months of 1889-90 (R. Lofthouse), 97-
98; Notes from Redcar and Tees Mouth
for 1889-90 (T. H. Nelson), 99-100;
Food of Shore-lark at Spurn (H. A.
Macpherson), 116; Stone-chat at Head-
ingley, Leeds (H. K. Horsfield), 120;
Nesting of Cirl Bunting at Lofthouse
(J. Ward), 148: Notes of Arrivals and
Departures at Flamborough (M. Bailey),
149; Notes on the Starling near Harro-
gate (Ik. Fortune), 167- 168 ; Notes from
the Humber district ( (J. Cordeaux), 199-
202; Birds noted at Lowthorpe (E. R.
Waite), 204-205; Redshanks breeding
Naturalist,
Cceelenterata :
CLASSIFIED INDEX. 379
YORKSHIRE—continued.
in Ripon Parks (R. Fortune), 210;
Albino Blackbird near Harrogate (Id.),
210; Heron breeding in Wensleydale
(F. Chapman), 210; Snipe’s Nest with
five eggs and Black and White Blackbird
near Ripon (R. Fortune), 210; Notes
on Migrants about Harrogate (Id.), 210;
Black-headed Gull at Walton near Thorp
Arch (E. R. Waite), 210; Sale of York-
shire Rarities by auction (IH. A. Mac-
pherson), 210; Birds noted at Bretton
Park Excursion (E. R. Waite), 224-225 ;
Some of the Birds observed in Upper
Swaledale (J. G. Goodchild), 248-250;
Curious Incident relating to a_ Black-
bird’s Nest (R. Fortune), 250; Eastern
Turtle Dove in Yorkshire at Scarborough
(J. Backhouse), 258; Remarkable Swal-
lows’ Nests at Wilstrop near York (E. R.
Waite), 258; Bird-notes from the Mal-
ham district (H. B. Booth), 259-261 ;
Birds noted at Kildale-in-Cleveland
(T. H. Nelson), 270; Rarities in Cleve-
land (Id.), 271; Nightingale near
Middlesbrough (Id.), 271; Notes from
Flamborough (M. Bailey), 318; Yellow
Wagtail in Swaledale (J. Backhouse),
318; Nesting of Cirl Bunting at Loft-
house near Wakefield (J. Ward), 320;
Notes from Flamborough (M. Bailey), 325;
Albino Greenfinch near Bradford (H. B.
Booth), 335; Turtle Dove at Lofthouse,
Wakefield (J. Ward), 335; Storm Petrel at
Howden (1. Bunker), 352; Flamborough
Notes (M. Bailey), 354; Notes on Tree
Sparrow at Wilstrop (J. Backhouse), 355.
Microscopic Fauna of
Markington (J. S. Tute), 151-152.
Coleoptera: Beetles noted on Bretton
Park Excursion (S. L. Mosley and W. D.
Roebuck), 226 ; Dorcus parallelopipedus
near Doncaster (E. G. Bayford), 267 ;
Beetles captured on Roseberry Topping
(M. L. Thompson), 273.
Crustacea: Report of the Yorkshire
Marine Zoology Committee (J. Percy A.
Davis), 3-4; Microscopic Fauna of
Markington (J. S. Tute), 154.
Cryptogamia: Volvox globator and V.
aureus in Yorkshire (T. Hick), 88;
Microscopic Fauna and Flora of Mark-
ington, Mid-West Yorkshire (J.S. Tute),
151-154; Mosses and Hepatics noted
at Lowthorpe (M. B. Slater), 208;
Additional Localities and New Records
for Mosses of Swaledale and Cleveland
(RK. Barnes), 211-222; Lejeunea rosset-
tiana in North-West Yorkshire (Id.),
236; Mosses and Hepatics collected at
Kildale-in-Cleveland (M. B. Slater), 273;
Fungi new to W. York.(C.Crossland),356.
Dec. 1890.
Echinodermata: Report of the Yorkshire
Marine Zoology Committee (J. Percy A.
Davis), 3-4.
Fishes : Occurrence of Short Sunfish and
Torpedo off East Coast (Cordeaux), 42 ;
Report of the Yorkshire Marine Zoology
Committee (J. Percy A. Davis), 3-4; the
Fossil Sturgeon of the Whitby Lias
(A. S. Woodward), to1-107 and figs. 1-8;
Lamprey at Flamborough (W. D. Roe-
buck), 166; Fishes noted at Lowthorpe
(E. R. Waite), 206; Fishes noted on
Bretton Park Excursion (Id.), 225;
Three-Bearded Rockling off Whitby
(T. Stephenson), 258; Sting-Ray at
Whitby (Id.), 26r.
Flowering Plants: Bibliography for
1886, 359-374; Occurrence of Carex
strigosa in North-East Yorkshire (J. G.
Baker), 16; Sparganium ramosum var.
microcarpa in Yorkshire (P. F. Lee),
107; Ceterach officinarum in the East
Riding (M. B. Slater), 107; Geranium
phzeum in Littondale (W. A. Shuffrey),
166; Plants noted at Lowthorpe (C. P.
Hobkirk), 207 ; Plants noted at Bretton
Park Excursion (P. F. Lee), 226;
Ophrys apifera and Viola lutea at Skipton
(T. W. Edmondson), 236 ; Some of the
Flowering Plants and Ferns of Upper
Swaledale (J. G. Goodchild), 251-255 ;
An Additional Station for Arenaria
gothica in West Yorkshire (W. Whit-
well), 257; Agrimonia odorata at Kildale
—new to North Riding (M. B. Slater
and W. W. Reeves), 273; Senecio
viscosus at Savile Town near Dewsbury
(P. F. Lee), 276; Flowering Plants and
Ferns of UpperSwaledale(W. Whitwell),
305-300.
Geology and Paleontology: Biblio-
graphy for 1888, 121-138; for 1889,
339-350; Geological Papers relating to
North of England, read at British Asso-
ciation (S. A. Adamson), 12-14; the
Fossil Sturgeon of the Whitby Lias
(A. S. Woodward), 1o1-107 and figs. 1-8 ;
the Connection between Yorkshire and
Scandinavia (J. E. Marr), 145-148;
Exposure of Lower Lias at Redcar(W.C.
Hey), 149; Discovery of a Bone-Cave
at Skirethorns near Grassington-in-
Craven (H. Speight), 202; Geological
Observations at Lowthorpe (S. Chad-
wick), 208 ; at Bretton Park Excursion
(J. W. Davis), 226; An Outline of the
Geological History of Upper Swaledale
(J. G. Goodchild), 243-247 ; Geological
Observations at Kildale -in-Cleveland
(J. Hawell), 274-276; Notes on North
of England Rocks, Part 3 (A. Harker),
380
CLASSIFIED INDEX.
YORKSHIRE—continued.
300-304; Geological Photographs shown |
at the British Association at Leeds, 306 ;
the Neocomian Clay at Knapton (G. W.
Lamplugh), 336-338.
Hymenoptera : Bibliography for 1884 to
1889, 39-42; Galls noted at Bretton
Park Excursion (S. L. Mosley), 225.
Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1888, 279-
299; Colias edusa near Arthington (C.
Smethurst), 44; Pterophorus zophodac-
tylus in Yorkshire (G. T. Porritt), 116 ;
Varieties of Arctia mendica near Hud-
dersfield (Id.), 176; Lepidoptera noted
at Lowthorpe (J. H. Rowntree), 207 ;
Lepidoptera noted at Bretton Park (S. L.
Mosley), 225, (E. R. Waite), 226; Phox-
opteryx siculana, new to Yorkshire (G. T.
Porritt), 267; Captures at Kildale-in-
Cleveland, including Dasycera oliviella
new to Yorkshire ( GE “Gardner), 22:
Mammalia: Natterer’s Bat at Bingley
(H. B. Booth), 96; Common Seal at
Coatham (T. H. Nelson), 120; Mammals
noted at Lowthorpe (aah R. Waite), 2053
Mammals noted at Bretton Park Excur-
sion (Id.), 234 ; Whale at the Tees Mouth
(T. H. Nelson), 228; Natterer’s Bat near
Thorp Arch (E. R. Waite), 255; Badgers
and Hybrid Hare-Rabbit in Cleveland
(T. H. Nelson), 271; Field Voles near
A eielictan (E, HW. Smart), 304; Seal
at aE areren (M. Bailey), 304.
Mollusca: Report on Yorkshire Marine
Zoology (J. Percy A. Davis), 3-43
Mollusca near Spofforth (W. Nelson),
44; List of Land and Freshwater
Mollusca of Ingleton, Clapham and
district (W. E. Collinge), 109-114;
Arion subfuscus at Ingleton (Id.), 198 ;
Species noted at Lowthorpe and Driffield
(L. B. Ross), 206-207; Shells in Mr.
Mortimer’s Museum at Driffield (Id.),
209; Mollusca noted at Bretton Park
Personal Notices:
Societies :
Rotifera :
Excursion (W. Nelson and W. D. Roe-
buck), 225; Conchological Field-notes
from Upper Swaledale (W. D. Roebuck),
229-233; the Conchology of Malham
(W. D. Roebuck), 263-267; Mollusca
collected at ildale-in-Cleveland (B.
Hudson), 271 ; Additions to the Malham
List of Mollusca (W. E. Collinge), 335.
Riley Fortune elected
B-Z.S., 108; °S) LL. Mosley, @.5,s.0m)
British Butterflies, 108; E. E. Prince,
B.A., Memoir on the Development and
Life-Histories of the Teleostean Food
and other Fishes, 108; Deaths of S. A. .
Adamson, F.G.S., I17-118, 208; of
Joseph Edwin Gartside, 119; of E. B.
Wrigglesworth, 119 ; and of John Grass-
ham, 120; Edgar R. Waite elected F.L.s.,
TS One: Hobson and G. W. Lamplugh
elected F.G.S.,, 176); J. Jp Ele-Meallvand
A. M. great elected a ARsS+5nnL Or
Death of George Hann, 209; Memorial
Fund to S. A. Adamson, 227 ; Death of
James Backhouse, 306.
Reptiles and Amphibians: Species noted
at Lowthorpe (E. R.
Amphibians noted at
Excursion (Id.), 225.
28th Annual Report of the
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, 139-144;
Huddersfield Nat. Society, monthly
circular, 156; Yorkshire Naturalists’
Union, Annual Meeting at Hull, 172-
176; Y.N.U. at Lowthorpe near Drif-
field, 203-209; Y.N.U. at Bretton Park,
223-227; British Association at Leeds,
250; Y.N.U. proposed Excursion to
Malham in connection therewith, 256 ;
Y.N. U.at Kildale-in-Cleveland, 269-276.
Microscopic Fauna and Flora of
Markington (J. S. Tute), 151-152.
Waite), 206;
Bretton Park
Protozoa : Macros Fauna and Flora
of Markington (J. S. Tute), 151-152.
MISC EL EREO US.
Anthropology: Anthropological Institute,
circular as to aid to investigators, 144.
Birds : Three Weeks on the Guadalquivir
(H. E. Dresser), 17-38 ; Bird-notes from
Hunstanton (F. B. Whitlock), 47, 48;
Storm Petrel in Summer at Plymouth,
in Shropshire, and on Loch Tay (H. A.
Macpherson), 48; the Tree Sparrow at
Fontainebleau, at Eigg, on the Rhine, and
hybrid at Norwich (Id.), 92-94; Dotterel
in Norfolk and in London market (Id.) ;
96; Shore-lark in Norfolk and on Firth
of Forth (Id.), 115-116;
Redpoll in Oxon (Id.), 278; Swallows’
Nests in Germany (Id.), 318; Eagle in
Kent in 1734 (Id.), 323 ; Swallows’ Nests
in Kent and Abroad (J. Young), 352 ;
the Mealy
Tree Sparrow’s habits in Kent (Id.),
354-
Cryptogamia: Ludvig Klein on the Life-
History of the Genus Volvox (T. Hick),
87-91; Grimmia torquata Hornsch in
fruit (C. P. Hobkirk), 94.
Geology and Paleontology: Cause of
the Coloration of Red Sandstones
(Mellard Reade), 1-2.
Lepidoptera : Pterophorus zophodactylus
in Dorset and Norfolk (G. T. Porritt),
116; Phoxopteryx siculana in Cam-
bridgeshire (Id.), 267.
Mammalia: Sciurus fremonti feeding on
fungi in Colorado(T. D. A. Cockerell), 306.
Mollusca: The Faculty of Homing in
Gastropods (H. W. Kew), 307-318.
Printed by McCorquodale & Co. Limited, Leeds.
[) 0.34 ‘LE TO STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS.
© | JRNAL OF CONCHOLOGY
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THE NATURALIST.
During the next few months it is hoped to insert the following articles :—
Wotes on Lincolnshire Limestone Plants.—J. Burrr Davy.
Peat Deposit at Filey.—Rev, E. Mau e Core, M.A., F.G.S.
The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Littondale.—Rev. W. A. Suurrrey, M.A.
Bibliography: Phanerogamic Botany, 1887.
On the Study of Natural History.—H. E. Dresser, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Osprey in Nottinghamshire.—F. B. Wuittock.
Report on Disappearance of Native Plants in Yorkshire.—C. P. Hosxirk,
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