eG ied arg Rie BF ar a Y Hg hn Wwe eh Ach ALG FR a et PROT i pra | fies nh yee mein re Hess We fas 3 4 4 eh AS ¥ x » 4 Ne BO Hay2 BRL, Pi Re dh f it Nae ie Hin’ ey Hegre G: aa tan WO ular sh, Y : y He ae i, a AES ACA BR ob LE ji nea vt: eh ah Mah ' wit a a | ‘ tk He Ee Pe ey é ra PIN if ay ee gtie: A white jy 4 ye iv P Ty Eke (AL ea i OR NATURALIST’S REPOSITORY, EXOTIC NATURAL HISTORY: CONSISTING OF ELEGANTLY COLOURED PLATES WITH APPROPRIATE SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST CURIOUS, SCARCE, AND BEAUTIFUL PHODUCTIONS OF NATURE THAT HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD; AND MORE ESPECIALLY SUCH NOVELTIES As from their extreme Rarity remain entirely undescribed, or which have not been - duly noticed by any preceding Naturalists. THE WHOLE COMPOSED ACCORDING TO THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF Che HSctenee, AND FORMING COLBECTIVELY A TRULY VALUABLE COMPENDIUM OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES OF QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS, SHELLS, MARINE PRODUCTIONS, AND EVERY OTHER INTERESTING OBJECT OF NATURAL HISTORY, THE PRODUCE OF FOREIGN CLIMATES. —i ie BY E. DONOVAN, F.L.S. W.S. &. VOL. III. RonvVon 3 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR AND W. SIMPKIN AND R. MARSHALL, STATIONERS’ HALL COURT, LUDGATE STREBT. 1825. AAZAS3° ae & rt ae fi F : ees Pr. tia E eth Ailes erprer Te Plummer and Brewis, Printers, Love Lane, Eastche { a rip ie: a aw } tN ce % i A en « f Gable of Contents, —_ ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. IIT. AMERICANUS, Oriolus, American Oriole > « + © * + «© © « Antimachus, Papilio, Antimachus Butterfly, Upper Surface eee ee Lower Surface Australis, Balistes, Southern Balistes, or File-Fish + « + « Berenice, Papilio, Berenice Butterfly - « + « « « « Betulinus, Conus, Long Spotted Cone « « + « « « Brutus, Papilio, Brutus Butterfly «© « + « « » Cardinalis, Buprestis, Cardinal Buprestis « « « « Chorinzus, Papilio, Chorinzus Butterfly + + « « Croesus, Curculio, “ Gold Splash Diamond Beetle” &, Donovani, Rattus, Donovan’s Rat + + « « « « « « Festiva, Helix, Festive Snail + + « « « Florella, Papilio, Florella Butterfly + + -« Gemellus, Papilio, Gemellus Butterfly - Humphreyi, Venus, Humphrey’s Venus «+ Iphigenia, Papilio, Iphigenia Butterfly » «+ ++ - Isognomum, Perna, Great Black Hound’s-Ear Perna « Japonica, Patella, Small Japanese Limpet + + « « © © « Japonica, Voluta, Japanese Volute, or Crown Melon Shell Lamarkii, Echinus, Lamarck’s Echinus or Sea Urchin « « Macleayi, Buprestis, Macleay’s Buprestis e » e « + + « Marmoreus, Conus, Marbled Cone + «+ « + © « ee eo © Matonii, Ostrea, Maton’s Scollop or Pecten + « « « « « « Plate, 74 100 101 76 107 104 103 Fig. 2 2 iV CONTENTS. - Parrot;'Egg of + ¢ 6 eis 6 0.0 © 0 0's 0 © * oye 6) sn Pennantil, Psittacus, Pennant’s Parrot « + + + ee e+e §2 Pythogaster, Helix, Pythogaster Snail « « + « © « « © » 108 Religiosa, Gracula, Minor Grackle « « + 6 «© «© «© « © 98 Rhodope, Papilio, Rhodope Butterfly - - + «+ + 1 © © 6 686 Sophore, Papilio, Sophora Butterfly, Lower Surface- - - &7 Sophorz, Papilio, Sophora Butterfly, Upper Surface » - - 8&8 Striatus, Conus, Striated Cone « « « - © © © « « «© « « & 102 Stutzeri, Venus, Stutzer’sPencilled Japanese Venus « + + 7S Tabuensis, Psittacus, Tabuan Parrot + « + e*+ © «© © ee 80 Tentaculatis, Pristis, Tentaculated Saw-Fish « « «+ « + 82 Thersander, Papilio, Thersander Butterfly « « © « ¢ « 6 75 Timon, Papilio, Timon Butterfly - « « 2 ee ee ee ee) 97 Tynderseus, Papilio, Tynderzeus Butterfly + « © 6 e © « 83 Viridi-xwacus, Solen, Brassy-Green Solen « ¢ «© © « « « + 166 I S % London Lub“ as the Act Lereets by E. Donavan & Mes “Sunplin & Marshall, April, 7. 1824 THE NATURALIST’s REPOSITORY, &e. &e. &e. MAMMALOGY. PLATE LXXIII. RATTUS DONOVANI DONOVAN’S RAT GLIRES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Upper fore-teeth cuneated: grinders three, rarely two each side each jaw : clavicles or collar bones perfect. VOL. III. B PLATE LXXIIJI. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Tail moderate and somewhat hairy: body varied with fuscous, black and cinereous, and three pale dorsal stripes. Rattus DoNOVANI: cauda mediocri subpilosa : corpore ex fusco nigro cinereoque vario, et fasciis tribus dorsalibus pallidis. A new species of the Rat tribe; a native of the Cape of Good Hope, from whence it was brought to this country by Capt. White. This animal partakes somewhat of the appearance of our wood rat, Mus Arvalis*, but is larger, and has the tail of a moderate length, instead of being short, as in that species; the head is longer and somewhat pointed as in the common brown rat, Mus Decumanus +, or rather like the black rat Mus Rattus {, but in its proportionate robustness it bears the nearest similitude to the first mentioned species. The length of the body from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail is five inches and three quarters, the tail of a moderate length in proportion, and slightly hairy. The fur is blackish, varied with grey and fuscous hairs, and some slight intermixture of a fulvous hue: the three broad dorsal bands paler, the tntermediate spaces * Mus Arvalis. Donovan’s British Quadrupeds, vol. 2. pl. 33. + Mus Decumanus. Don. Brit. Quad. vol. 2. pl. 29. { Mus Rattus. Don. Brit. Quadr. vol. 1. pl. 15. MAMMALOGY. dark and forming four distinct blackish bands ; the ears are short and rounded: the anterior legs short, with the feet small and fur- nished with five toes, the interior one of which is very short ; the pos- terior legs are rather long, and have three long toes in the middle, with a short exterior toe and an interior one yet smaller. The dorsal stripes in this species of rat are in a peculiar degree remarkable and characteristic. In this respect there is a distant similarity between this animal and the small lineated mouse, described by Sparrman under the name of Pumilio, and which is also a native of the same part of Africa. The latter is however the smallest of the mouse tribe, being only two inches in length from nose to tail. The general similarity which seems at the first view to prevail between those two animals may possibly suggest an idea of the former being the young of the present species ; but without resting too implicitly on the great disparity of size and other slighter differences, the head in our present species is much larger, the snout more pointed, the ears more approximate, and the posterior feet not precisely cor- respondent, the two exterior toes being shorter in proportion than in the diminutive little creature which Sparrman has designated under the name of Mus Pumilio. ‘ ‘ iJ ( t A 4 i vate ie ' ; . ‘ \ , on 4 i i h . " me: ; r | . f , ‘ my. ( Be ‘: 4 dis acy ‘ a A: Gia . i Dea iy | t bide i ns ke ») ‘ Thy Cg vont y rt ) ‘ i | ‘ 4 \ ey f \ uh? \ f Fe sold - ¥ J “: “me i © yy ; at Sh aT 5 ’ 4 pret it awe wien, Un teed nf, Oe \ y al © Yin ie Ws . it be PAN NTS ok bay aOrTN \' 1 ‘ ¢ ‘ Se ar ‘ . ; ‘ , ‘’, : . j 5 f : \ 4 ‘ , hoa . lf } r if ‘ 1 } . '. i x 1 t ‘ ’ ns | ‘ f Ved i t m { fe ~ i \ va » /4. S Loniton Lib astheAct directs by E Donovan &My[s™ Sompkar beMarshall Apr 7.1824 ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE LXXIV. ORIOLUS AMERICANUS RED-BREASTED ORIOLE OR CAYENNE MOCKING-BIRD PICA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, convex, very acute and straight: superior mandible rather longer and obsoletely notched: tongue bifid and sharp- pointed. Feet formed for walking. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Black ; chin, throat, breast, and upper angle of the wings red. PLATE LXXIV. ORIOLUS AMERICANUS: niger, mento, jugulo, pectore alarum- que angulo superiore rubris. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 2. 386. Red-breasted Indian Black-bird. Will. Orn, p. 194. n. 7. Mocking-bird of Guiana. Bancr. Guj. p. 177. Red-breasted Oriole. Lath. Syn. 1. 2. p. 480. n. 14. This species is a native of South America, and is not uncommon in Guiana and Cayenne ; it has obtained the name of the Mocking- bird from the facility and excellence with which it imitates the notes of other birds; its appearance is remarkable, the beautiful scarlet colour of the throat, breast and abdomen forming a striking contrast with the deep black and fuscous glossy tints of the superior parts of the plumage. The length of this species is about seven inches. It is one of those kinds which builds a long cylindrical nest, and which for better security against the voracious intruders with which its forest haunts are infested, is placed at the extremity of the higher branches of the loftier trees. uN shee BAN Tie cuties yew Q Lonilir, Lib “as thedet dreils by L Denon & Mes “Simphiun &eMarshali. April.) 1822. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE LXXYV. PAPILIO THERSANDER THERSANDER BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz thicker towards the end; wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings obtusely tailed, fuscous: with a band and macular streaks of yellow: posterior pair beneath chesnut brown in the disk with black lines. PAPILIO THERSANDER: alis obtuse caudatis fuscis: fascia strigis- que macularibus flavis, posticis subtus disco brunneo nigro lineato. Fabr. Ent. Syst. T. 3. p.1. 82. 93. Jon. fig. pict, t. 1. tab. 71. PLATE LXXV. The experienccd Entomologist, conversant with the labours of Fabricius, will be best enabled to appreciate the importance of the plate which we now submit to his attention ; he will be aware of the existence of this fine species of the Papilio tribe from the description which Fabricius has left us ; and he will also know that it is only from that description with the additional aid of Mr. Jones’s drawings that this interesting and conspicuous species can be at this time possibly ascertained, for there are no descriptions of the species extant, except those repeated from the writings of Fabricius, nor any figure excepting that in the collectanea of Mr. Jones’s drawings, to which Fabricius exclusively refers. After having advanced the preceding observations, it will be assuredly sufficient for us, in order to ensure the attention of the Entomologist to observe, that although we possess a very choice example of this elegant imsect in our own cabinet, the figures in the annexed plate are faithful copies of the individual drawings in the collection of Mr. Jones, to which Fabricius has referred ; and we conceive we render some advantage at least to science in thus enabling the naturalist to identify this fine and very interesting species in the classical works of that estimable Entomologist who has alone described it. Papilio Thersander is described as a native of Sierra Leone. Dalene na fight LTA ates At or We f He dary Agi Cant YA La pa) Ceo lwi, Lise [ieee ; : PURER 9 bh, } cert y ’ ‘i bea ie : f y ’ ‘ rt Day earning he | Mal anne Ot aa cay Oia ain MLAs Peat 8 MN a TN , ree} RN aE ae ary ended ¥ Vii i ee au ty a) y x vii tas mail ei sa iver chal” i FEEL L ODM WY" GL Ure lens oj SH BY UDA IU T 7 AG SIIAY.IIYT 9Y2 SU GRT UNPUDT = 2 ICHTHYOLOGY. PLATE LXXVI. BALISTES AUSTRALIS SOUTHERN FILE FISH PIScES BRANCHIOSTEGI. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head compressed close to the body, with sometimes a spine between the eyes: mouth narrow: teeth in each jaw eight, of which the two anterior ones are larger: aperture of the gills narrow above the pectoral fins: without cover: membrane two-rayed. Body compressed and rough with prickles, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Brown: fin on the head one-rayed : tail rays carinated: body papillose, or finely granulated. BALISTES AUSTRALIS, fuscus: pinna capitis uniradiata, radiig caudalibus carinatis: corpore papilloso. VOL. Ill. C PLATE LXXVI. Length twelve inches, form somewhat ovate, moderately com- pressed, brown; the whole surface minutely papillose; smooth to the touch, but slightly rough in an inverse direction, The head is deeply sloping; the eye placed high, and immediately over it a small membraneous fin, connected anteriorly to a strong serrated spine. The second dorsal fin consists of thirty-six rays; the pectoral fin contains fifteen rays, anal thirty-one rays, and the tail fifteen rays. All the rays of the tail are strong and ramose, and the ten middlemost are alternately prominent, exhibiting five carinated rays on each side the tail; for each of those rays are carinated on one side and flat on the other, and are so disposed that the flat side of each lies half con- cealed between the prominent surface of the two lateral rays. There is some reason to apprehend that this fish may be closely allied to the granulated Balistes of Surgeon White’s voyage, or may possibly be the same ; the fish described however by Mr. White was no more than four inches long, and of a paler colour; he speaks also of a second strong ray in the first dorsal fin, which does not appear in our specimen, and the difference in the number of the rays in the fins is material. He is silent as to their number, and the figure possibly may be faulty, artists generally having little conception of that minute degree of accuracy which is so essentially requisite in drawings of this nature: but if we can indeed rely upon the characters as expressed in the figure, we should at once pronounce it to be of another species. ‘The connecting membrane in the first dorsal fin is wholly wanting, and only the rudiment of a greater spine apparent, and the second certainly ambiguous. The second dorsal fin has no more than twenty-two rays, the tail seven, anal fin seventeen rays, and pectoral six. In the fish before us they nearly twice exceed ICHTHYLOGY. that number, and this alone, if correct, would at once determine the two fishes to be specifically distinct. Mr. White’s example, though smaller, would not have differed in this respect, and there- fore we may conclude that his specimen must have been very imper- fect or the representation most indifferent ; as we cannot be assured of its identity with any degree of certainty, and as no other species of its tribe is described by authors with which it may be confounded, we believe we may with some safety pronounce our present fish a non-descript species, notwithstanding its similarity to the Balistes before described. The name of Monoceros, assigned by Linnzeus to a species of Balistes, called for the same reason the Sea Unicorn, may excite an idea of its being the only one of the Balistes genus that has a single spine on the head ; this would not be precisely accurate, for although in general there are more than one or eventwo spines or rays in the first dorsal fin of the different species, we know more species that have only a single spine in the dorsal fin. ‘The specific character of our present species is similar to that assigned to B. Monoceros by Linnzus, but it is at once distinguished from that fish by the fine granulated surface of the skin, that of B. Monoceros having the pustules con- siderably larger. Bloch has proposed also, as a decisive character of that species that the number of rays, in the anal fin amount to fifty- one; in the species now before us there are no more than thirty-one rays in the anal fin. Our Balistes Australis is a late acquisition obtained from Van Dieman’s Land. eit | Ihe vas aaa DAOn na Riley. ip ; London Lub London lub as thedet derects by LE Donovan kllifs Simphin & Marshall Judy 7.1824. w CONCHOLOGY. PLATE LXXXIV. VOLUTA JAPONICA JAPANESE CROWN MELON SHELL UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spiral : aperture without a beak and somewhat effuse : pillar twisted or plaited, and generally without lips or perforation, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ventricose, emarginate, whitish yellow: spire crowned | with arched spines, whorls somewhat distant : pillar lip four plaited. VoOLUTA JAPONICA: testa ventricose emarginata albido-flavescente spira coronata spinis fornicatis, anfractibus sub- distantibus: columella quadruplicata. VotutTa ATHIoPica, Lamarck animaux sans vertebres. TT. 1%. p. 331.6. Encl. Method. n. 387. f. 1. PLATE LXXXIII. The Japanese Crown Melon Voluta is a shell of very unusual occurrence in this country, and is for this reason held by Concholo- gical collectors in no small estimation. At the first view, this shell bears such a general resemblance to Voluta Ethiopica, the Aithiopian Crown Melon that it may be readily mistaken for a variety of that shell ; it resembles also in the same distant manner Voluta Nautica, and may likewise have been sometimes confounded with that shell. The leading characters in which they differ having never been to our — knowledge explained, it will be proper in this place to point out those characters which appear to us the most important to be considered in offering an opinion upon the species and its analogies. From an extensive series of the whole of that tribe or family of the Volutz, which are distinguished by the name of Melon Volutes, now before us, we believe it may be in our power to develope the dif- ference between them with at least some degree of precision. | We are quite aware that the variations in the growth of shells are often- times considerable, and that the same species does not preserve the same forms precisely in different countries, at the same time that they never so entirely lose their characteristic peculiarities as to be mis- taken by the experienced naturalist. The very rare occurrence of the present species has precluded the possibility of collating the characters of more than three or four of those shells in the course of many years, but as these exhibit uniformly the same peculiarities, and that the Ethiopian Crown Melon, to which it is nearly allied, is sufficiently abundant to afford every opportunity for comparision in all its states of growth, we have ventured to consider them specifically distinct. The Japanese Crown Melon Volute is less ventricose than Voluta Nautica of Lamarck, and more ventricose thanVoluta Athio- CONCHOLOGY. pica, and those specimens which we have seen are smaller than either at their full growth ; the colour is pale yellowish, or rather whitish tinged with yellow brown; Voluta Nautica is much darker, and Voluta Azthiopicais of a deep cinnamon colour, sometimes encircled with one or two paler bands, or sometimes with dark brown spots, dis- posed in the form of two bands around the shell. We have certainly ‘seen upon the swollen part of one individual of the Japanese Crown Melon the commencement of two similar bands, but no trace of these were continued further, and consequently they were not visible on the upper surface. Our present shell, when full grown, is emarginate, while in Voluta AXthiopica the lip is effuse and marginate. The spines which crown the summit of the shell, and form the coronation of the spire are also less numerous in Voluta AMthiopica, for in two specimens of the Japanese and the Ethiopian Crown Melons of equal size we find forty- three spines in the former and only thirty-seven in the latter; we admit that those may vary in number in different stages of growth, but we must upon the whole conclude that they seem to be most nu- merous in the Japanese shell : they are also erect, and not inclining inwards as in Voluta Nautica; but are straight as in Voluta Aithio- pica, and lastly, the Japanese shell possesses one character of obvious importance as a distinction of the species—the whorls of the spire are much more distant than in V. AXthiopica, the crown spreading more amply, and the space between the sutures of the whorls being wider and deeper than we have ever met with in V. AXthiopica, These distinctions seem to us to point out the necessity of admitting the Japanese Crown Melon Volute as a species distinct from Voluta AXthiopica, notwithstanding their general similitude, and we are inclined to believe the characters we have pointed out will prove | VOL. III. F PLATE LXXXIV. sufficiently definitive to discriminate the two species from each other. The shell, of which the figure is given in the annexed plate, is the specimen once preserved in the Leverian Museum, and which was sold by auction at the price of three guineas. This was nearly twenty years ago, and the species having continued to be scarce from that period, its value may be now considered greater. t , a ut ‘ RO een cate Tuto + aN MKT SS Nay AOE Oat yh a ; he obey, or London Pub “as the Act dreets by L. Dono vane &Mys ze * Semngpkan &Marshall Junes 1624. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE LXXXV. FIG. x I, I. BUPRESTIS MACLEAYI MACLEAY’S BUPRESTIS CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne filiform, serrate, as long as the thorax: feelers four, filiform ; the last jomt obtuse, or truncated: head partly retracted within the thorax. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wing-cases one toothed at the tip, roughly striated and green, with a broad testaceous longitudinal stripe, not reaching their base: thorax punctured, and together with the body beneath coppery. BuPRESTIS MACLEAYI: elytris unidentatis rugoso-striatis viridi- bus vitta testacea basin haud attingente thorace punctato abdomineque cupreis. PLATE LXXXY. The whole of the very numerous tribe of Buprestides, or at least with very few exceptions, are remarkable for the glowing me- tallic lustre of their tints, but there are few indeed that can vie with, much less excel, in point of brilliancy, the species now before us. The natural size of this curious insect is depicted at the bottom of the plate; that figure represents the inferior or abdominal surface, and is denoted by a single star. ‘The figure in the middle of the plate, distinguished also by a single star, is that of the upper surface considerably enlarged, in order to express with more advantage the varied aspect of the insect when placed in a vivid light. ‘Those figures will, we trust, convey a pretty correct idea of the general appearance of the insect, but we must confess it is beyond the effort of the pencil to pourtray that flush of rich and changeable metallic hues with which the insect is itself adorned. This splendid creature appertains to the invaluable entomological cabinet of Alexander Macleay, Esq. F. R.S. &c. &c. to whose liberality we are indebted for the indulgence of affording it publicity; and as, besides its being one of the most beautiful of its genus, it has never been before described, we cannot dedicate the species to any one with more propriety than to its very liberal and much respected owner ; we shall for those reasons beg leave to announce it to the learned world, as well as amateurs of science, as a distinctly new spe- cies, and one worthy of the designation of Burrestis Macixayi. This splendid acquisition is a native of Brasil; and is the only example of the species we are acquainted with. | ENTOMOLOGY. * FIG. ¥ 2, 2. BUPRESTIS CARDINALIS CARDINAL BUPRESTIS SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wing-cases serrated, red, with three elevated lines: thorax yellowish, having a large spot in the disk, with the head and abdo- men black. BuUPRESTIS CARDINALIS: elytris serratis rubris: lineis tribus elevatis thorace flavescente: disco nigro capite abdomineque nigris. A non-descript species of very singular character and formation, and from the same country as the preceding. The head is black above and beneath; the thorax entirely yellow above, except a bilobate spot in the middle; beneath black, except the anterior part, where the yellow passes from the upper surface of the thorax and forms a kind of collar: the wing-cases, with the scutel, are of a red colour, much inclining to scarlet ; abdomen and legs black. The upper, as well as the lower surface of this curious insect is represented in the annexed plate at fig. %. 2, 2. ef nD Ui Wr LR OF or AR ney vm) ? malt ie F t “2 c 7: Gr > P . “iy Ae 0 447 7 a és f + 4p Latin 2s the Ich dvreits by Lo Lenowen &: Mes Sermphsn Lia shall August! (874: ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE LXXXVI. PAPILIO RHODOPE RHODOPE BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips and usually terminating in a club : -wingss erect when at rest. Fly by day. Dan. Cand. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire, upper and lower surface nearly alike, and the outer margin of all the wings black: anterior pair yellow; posterior ones white. Paritio RHopoPE: alis integerrimis sub-concoloribus extimo nigris: anticis flavis albis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p- 1.197. n. 609. PLATE LXXXVI. PAPILIO RHODOPE: alis rotundatis integerrimis sub-concoloribus externis nigris anticis flavis posticis albis. Fab. Syst. Ent. 4°73. 180.—Sp, Ins. 2. p. 44. 184. Simplicity is the peculiar character of this rare and interesting species; the deep fulvous colour of the anterior wings form a striking contrast to the pure or snowy whiteness of the posterior pair, while the extreme series of subconfluent spots of the deepest black form a distinct and appropriate margin round the whole. Its appearance, therefore, is not without attraction in point of elegance, and its claims to the attention of the Naturalist are further strengthened by its rarity, nor will its figure fail to prove acceptable, we may presume, when it is further added that it isone of those Fabrician species that has remained on record before the scientific world for nearly half a century past, without the advantage of any pictorial elucidation to assist the definition which that author has assigned to it. The first description of the species extant is to be found in the Fabrieian Systema Entomologic, published so early as the year 1775, and yet we may with confidence advance that the figure now sub- mitted to the reader is the first delineation of the insect that has hitherto met the public eye. The original example of the species from which the Fabrician description was taken, and which has been subsequently repeated in the different Entomological writings of Fabricius, was one among the number of those many rare kmds which occurred to the observation of that indefatigable Entomologist in the cabinet of the late Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. and we may also ENTOMOLOGY. add that our present figure has been copied from the original specimen which Fabricius had described; an unreserved access to that invaluable cabinet having been allowed to us during the lifetime of its kind and most respected owner. The description of Papilio Rhodope, the insect now before us, is to be found in Systema Entomologia, published in 1775 ; in Species Insectorum that appeared in 17831, and in Entomologia Systematica, by the same author, in the year 1783. Papilio Rhodope is a native of Sierra Leone. VOL. Il. G = oe aie <¢E 45 1 { y hs if Cy Se ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE LXXXVII. PAPILIO SOPHORA SOPHORA BUTTERFLY GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating na | club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER s AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire, fuscous, with a ferruginous band: posterior pair beneath with two ocellar spots, PAPILIO SOPHORZ: alis integerrimis fuscis: fascia ferruginea posticis subtus brunneis: ocellisduobus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 767, 121, Mus. Lud. Ulr. 266. A truly magnificent and very strikmg example of the Papilio tribe, peculiar to the fertile regions of South America, This fine ENTOMOLOGY. insect having been discovered before the time of Linnzeus, we find it described in the writings of that author. ‘The specimen which he describes, was one preserved in the Museum of the Queen of Swe- den, and is minutely noticed in the Linnean catalogue of that Museum. This insect was formerly esteemed for its unusual rarity, but in consequence of our more extensive intercourse of late years with South America, it is become less uncommon. It is nevertheless still an insect of pretty considerable price, and from its interesting and very beautiful appearance, is likely to maintain its estimation: in the cabinet of the Entomologist it must ever remain one of the most attractive objects. The magnitude of this insect being so considerable as to pre- clude the possibility of introducing more than one figure of it in the annexed plate, we have appropriated this to the representation of the Jower surface, and shall introduce the delineation of the upper surface in the plate next succeeding, plate Ixxxviil. Riga ny 00 S&S London lub. as the Au directs by L. Jenevan & Mays.” Saphin Harshall Sopit./ 1624. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE LXXXVIII. PAPILIO SOPHOR A‘ SOPHORA BUTTERFLY GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire, fuscous, with a ferruginous band: posterior pair beneath with two ocellar spots. PaPiLio SopHor#: alis integerrimis fuscis: fascia ferruginea posticis subtus brunneis: ocellis duobus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 767, 121, Mus. Lud. Ulr. 266. The former plate (lxxxvi.) was devoted to the representation of the lower surface of this beautiful Papilio, and the present, in ENTOMOLOGY. conformity with the intention therein expressed, is appropriated to that of the upper surface. This noble insect is produced from a gregarious, naked, lineated larva, that feeds on the plants of Sopho- ra tomentosa, and it is from this circumstance that it has obtained the name of Papilio Sophore. so hn PULA i nay anh Henn way Ay ert ‘ ' \ RE 1 ive 4 ? ; eo H My ‘ Ney paytiy) ‘ IONE i Hl Ou DT LAR ase aS ee Pani tana i “Ae Nest ; un pata fas { ; : hte Lane ae fi i pW gd J ou ; } ; { v Tighe ide age bi iene AN i ma tty is ib pint Rac nt Wi Ht Merttnte M3 , Wek { ; , ‘ het) Ray 7 i bits a yy es , Ps ( hat . HS NCH wile Ae y rea a Pe ied nee A ‘ane i 4 Nie , HDi as ae Aint Nt a OY Hiei hig ; lat ; Nitty ee: ; ? TN: ist Vins eee ye Loniion Cub. as the Act dreds Ly L. Donan & life. “Wonphin & Marshall Aug! #7 7824 VERMIOLOGY. PLATE LXXXIX. ECHINUS LAMARCKII LAMARCK’S ECHINUS OR CHINESE SEA URCHIN MoLuLusScCa. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body roundish, covered. with a bony sutured crust, and usually furnished with moveable spines: mouth placed beneath, and gene- rally five valved. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Somewhat violaceous ; conic, with ten spaces; the five larger di- vided in the middle with a suture, and beset with numerous trans- verse rows of tubercles: mouth somewhat ten angled. EcHINUS LAMARCKII: sub-violaceus, conicus areis decem: arearum majorum medio sutura interstincto: verruca- rum seriebus transversis plurimis; ore sub- decagono. This very choice and rare example of the Echinus tribe is we believe, a new species, and under this persuasion we have much pleasure in distinguishing it by the name of Echinus Lamarckii, in _VERMIOLOGY. compliment to Chevalier de Lamarck, the author of the work enti- tled Antimaux sans vertebrés, who has paid particular attention to this class of animals. Jn its general figure this species bears more resemblance to Echinus albo-galerus than to any other of the described kinds ; but Echinus albo-galerus is comparatively inconsiderable in point of magnitude, and is found only in a fossil state; and it may be also added, that the disposition of the verrucosities by which our present species is distinguished is totally dissimilar. In this extensive tribe there are some few other approximations, but when duly considered, they will be found very different from this species. The only specimen we have seen of this curious production, was that preserved in the late Leverian Museum, and which is of course the original example, from which our figure in the annexed plate is depicted.—It realized at the sale of that Museum a considerable price, and has, we understand, been since broken, a circumstance by no means unanticipated, the shell being of the most fragile kind. The destruction of the specimen will probably render the delineation the more acceptable, this being, as we are informed, the only drawing that had been taken of it, excepting one by Chevalier de Bardé, a French gentleman of rank among the ci. devant noblesse, who fol- lowed the arts as a profession durimg his exile in this country, and which upon the restoration of tranquillity in his native country, was carried by him with his other drawings into France, and still remains unpublished. This interesting novelty which may probably be unique, was ori- ginally in the possession of Sir Ashton Lever, who received it from China. y Vi) —— Sea ee ENTOMOLOGY, PLATE XC. PAPILIO FLORELLA FLORELLA BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. DAN. CAND. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings somewhat angulate, white, with a fuscous dot in the middle of the anterior pair: posterior ones beneath with three silvery dots. Papintio FLORELLA : alis subangulatis albis: anticis puncto fusco, posticis subtus punctis tribus argenteis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. T. 3. p. 1. p. 213. 666. VOU, Il, H PLATE XC. This delicate Butterfly is one of the African species, described - by Fabricius from the Banksian cabinet, and has not been figured in the work of anyauthor. It is represented in the annexed plate ina flying as well as resting position, by which means both the upper and the lower surfaces are displayed to view. The figures are copied from the specimen in the Banksian cabinet, which Fabricius describes. we. a ess Se tie F ey: " a+ wv) bs ‘ ’ > | i i iJ ae iJ HE WR Roy “oe 3 & Mifs. “amphi de Marshall, Any") 1824 ts hy L. Donovan a 1 Lonilonlih, as the Act dere: CONCHOLOGY. PLATE XCI. OSTREA MATONII MATON’S SCALLOP BIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell generally with unequal valves and slightly eared: hinge without teeth, but having an ovate hollow and mostly lateral trans- verse grooves. * Precren. Valves furnished with ears and radiated. Scadlop. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell somewhat equivalve, orbicular, with thirty longitudinal striated rays, the strize very finely mbricated. OstTrEA MATONIL: testa subequivalvi, orbiculari, radius 30 longi- tudinaliter striatis, stris subtilissime imbricatis. PLATE XCI. ‘A newly-discovered species of the Pecten tribe that inhabits the seas of Van Dieman’s Land, and which has only been very lately introduced tothe knowledge of European naturalists. The specimen in our cabinets, the subject represented in the annexed plate, was transmitted to England with other shells, the production of Van Dieman’s Land by Mr. Humphries, a resident in that part of the southern hemisphere, and one to whose attention as a collector we are indebted for many other novelties of the same nature that are equally new and interesting to the science. Among the number of the testaceous productions that inhabit the seas surrounding the British Isles, we possess two species of the Pecten tribe that may appear to the inexperienced amateur as bear- ing a very close resemblance to the present shell, and which perhaps without due examination might be mistaken for and confounded with it. ‘Che first is the Ostrea subrufa, and the other Ostrea Monoetis of our British Conchology ; we do not mean that either of those shells in the younger state could be so far misconceived, but there are transitions in the growth of the older shells, when the more minute distinctions of their rays and other peculiarities are worn away or in part obliterated, that would render it rather more difficult to dis- tinguish them than in their young and uninjured state, and this the more especially since our present shell presents some characteristic featnresof both, and indeed forms an intermediate species between the two. On duly comparing those three species, and we have examples of each at this time before us, we can scarcely hesitate in denomi- nating our present shell an intermediate link in the chain of species ; it is smaller than the larger growth of Ostrea subrufa, and larger than Ostrea monoetis. In the form or contour the shell is less orbi- ENTOMOLOGY. cular than O. subrufa and more so than O. monoetis ; unlike either it is produced a little obliquely to one side, while having two ears of nearly equal magnitude, it is at once distinguished from Monoetis which has invariably no more than one ear, or at least the other is so small as to justify the appellation of Monoetis. This presence of two distinct ears therefore again removes it nearer to O. subrufa; but in admitting the Ostrea subrufa to be thenearest of those two analogies to the present shell, it will be found to possess another character which separates it still more remotely than monoetis, namely, the number of longitudinal rays, for in the present shell there are no less than thirty of those rays, while in O. subrufa there are no more than twenty. In this latter particular our shell accords with O. Monoetis, for the usual number of rays in that shell is thirty, and by this means that species is once again brought into the alliance. But having,so far pointed out the distinctions that apply only alternately to one of those species or to the other, we arrive at one which dis- tinctly removes our present shell from either, namely, the charac- ‘teristic features of those longitudinal ribs in the three species respectively : in Ostrea subrufa they are only slightly elevated, broad and glabrous; in monoetis raised narrow and somewhat angular, the centre of the rib being flat, and the ribs as well as the grooves between them being transversely intersected with large raised arched spines, which are placed at a moderate distance from each other, and are sufficiently conspicuous in the perfect or unworn shell ; in our present shell, the spines should rather be denominated prickles, they are extremely small, inconspicuous, and closely set, and are consequently extremely numerous in comparison with those of Ostrea monoetis. We should further add, that in our present shell the longitudinal rays are not flat, but form an acute ridge down PLATE XCI. the centre, and are sulcated longitudinally. There are besides this central ridge, two equally well defined though narrower striz, dis- posed on each side of the central line or ridge, so that each of “the longitudinal rays constitute a quintuple series of raised lines, the middlemost of which forms the most prominent elevation, the others lying on the lateral slopes. ‘There can be no hesitation in admitting those shells to be perfectiy different, but we have deemed it requisite to point out those distinctions since there is, as it will be perceived, a general assimilation at least, and that our present shell appears to form an intermediate species between the two. It will have been observed, that we have laid no particular stress upon the difference that prevails in the colours of those different shells, because among many varieties of those shells it would not be difficult to find examples that would accord, in this respect at least, ina general manner ; indeed, so dissimilar are many of the shells of monoetis in this particular, that the species has obtained the name of varia, and although from the term subrufa, applied to the other, it may be understood as being somewhat rufous, we often find it elegantly varied with other colours. Our present shell, it may be added, is more transparent, thinner, and more brittlethan either of the former, and the colour dark rufous, varied with purple ; both valves are convex. Regarding this as a new species and one to which no name has been hitherto appropriated, we conceive it cannot be assigned with more propriety than to compliment the name and labours of Dr. W. G. Maton, the author jointly with the Rev. Thomas Rackett of a valuable and useful paper on the subject of British Conchology, ENTOMOLOGY. inserted in one of the volumes of the Transactions of the Linnean Society. The near assimilation of the present shell to those of our own seas, may render the compliment more peculiarly appropriate, that much respected naturalist having devoted particular attention to the conchology of this country, as the paper alluded to sufficiently evinces. We have indeed to offer some apology on this occasion for passing over the name of the reverend gentleman, the friend and coadjutor of Dr. Maton in the labours of that scientific memoir, but for this we shall atone ere long, having another rarity from the same shores, which also bears a near resemblance to one of our British shells, and to which the name of that worthy friend shall be assigned. : London Luh. as the At dar eats by EZ’ Lonovan LeMefeSeinjehitv Marshall Oct.” 1 1824. ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE XCII. PSITTACUS PENNANTII PENNANTIAN PARROT PIicé. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked, upper mandible moveable and usually covered with a cere; nostrils placed in the bese of the bill: tongue fleshy, obtuse, entire. Feet formed for climbing. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Scarlet ; anterior part of the back black waved with scarlet ; sides and throat blue: quill feathers each with a white spot. VOL. ILI. if PLATE XCII. PSITTACUS PENNANTII: coccineus, dorso antico nigro coccineo undulato, lateribus corporis gulaque ceruleis, remigibus intus macula alba. Lath. Ind. Orn. I. 1. p. 90. n. 26. PENNANTIAN Parrot, Lath. Syn. Sup. p.61. EE oe SE EE GSE This is assuredly one of the most elegant species of the Parrot tribe that has hitherto been discovered. It is a native of New South Wales, where it was discovered by our first circumnavigators who accompanied Capt. Cook in his memorable voyage round the world, and was, shortly after the return of the expedition, made known to the public as one among the number of the more choice and interest- ing acquisitions with which the researches of our naturalists had been rewarded. A specimen of this elegant bird was placed also in the museum of Sir Ashton Lever, where from the singular richness and beauty of its colours it could not fail to attract very general admiration. Subsequently the species was described by Dr. Latham in the supplement to his Synopsis of Ornithology, and after that time in Dr. Shaw’s Museum Levertanum, and in White’s Journal of a Voyage to New Holland. For the space of many years the bird, remained however, a species of more than usual rarity in our collec- tions, and it is still considered far from common, notwithstanding our uninterrupted possession from that period to the present of that por- tion of New South Wales which it is known to inhabit. The feathers of this elegant bird, in common with those of some others of the more gay and splendid kinds, are employed in the manufacture of the war ORNITHOLOGY. cloaks, dresses of ceremony, and other apparel of the natives, and this may perhaps in some degree explain the comparative scarcity of the species in European collections, while, in reality, the bird may not be scarce in its native country. There are several varieties of this species which differ in some slight particulars, incidental probably to the transitions of the plumage in different stages of its growth. That which we have represented is a fine and full-coloured example of the male bird in the highest perfection of its plumage ; the female differs in having the back and belly green, the crown of the head a deep red of a sanguineous hue, and the thighs and vent red. The length of this bird is sixteen inches. 5 * . oy i v i: , ' : K ‘ ‘ ey N} my 4 Af es 3 . itre y 1 f 1. i ‘ y ' oi i filer ot f D ' { jeer 7 ok r , , i ™” #7 , ; ti ' i ‘ - ) en 5 i ei " . o i , . iy : ie ea, . y \ 1B) ‘ ana { i 4 ' 5 i ; s : y 1 ~— 5 | yt \ 4 r R ai ‘ ¥ “hg i % x en 4 r Pe \ + y : sd Nc : ts ‘ 1 i © 4 h Le ' f ; ; an ’ oe 1 * i ie ‘ i 7 ‘ 3 4 F bar isy, 7 i “She eT ‘ hy t ; i ‘ 4 7 1 ‘i ’ M , \ : 5 ‘ ’ : : } s , he Wie HM ‘ i ’ =h f ' x 7 / ; t ; ? . Pa * 2 5 i ae \ ; t F i i gy" ; } 4 ' 7 S nie ‘ peels Sh I ‘ ‘ Jon \ . F wo “i, ’ 1S ae Saeir #F i 18 i ¢ (i rae ; 3 J rt e ' A i - Ls ; * ene ‘ ad { I a el ¥ i J — A ty ‘ ‘ { ‘ } a ry y ’ . ' 7%, 6 . ai : ; : ae Path MY f _ aly, i } ft rok an > z i re ) ; i, Bij! 7 : ' 4 i ’ . J ‘ ’ ay, > ee ‘ a ; ) : Me . 7 f f i . fs raeN [ : i fi bd Ss { y i ’ f cay ‘ ‘ ‘iis Z ' “ ; : rs, ahs es : mS “ par * ’ 7 _— : D ‘ 4 ‘ ; ae A ‘ : ) > 1 v ( e és 2 ar ; ‘: eho howe 1 1 . h + ‘ ‘ au ‘ ‘ 7 : \ , i i J A! F } fi ‘ ] if t ’ f \ - ' 4 ‘ ‘ i ‘ ' e, 1 1 n ‘ i ia , A y 4 ' ‘ ‘ ai , By N F i i ' ; f ; o : \ 2 ‘ \ i ‘ t y ; ke - : ‘. e yp 4 \ F i iS € ¢ i 7 b . i ! F : 1 i, UN ; j \ H { b ‘ — ‘ \ 1 i ; ‘ if ‘ ho, 1 ; } ; oa j A Gh de . ; Y i 4 : : [page f id ) fi Ties iy i ’ : mal ‘j A ' ¥ i 1 ) , 7 “4 u i] F : 4 . if i o ; / \ . A 1° 1 * i F ‘ ‘ } \ nx Im Fy , ‘ ‘ahAtd \ , e c ‘ 4 } 7 . y F \ . ‘ 1 ‘ ‘ . ; i \ ’ « ‘ ¥ yi ‘a ' F { , " « y " vf ’ ‘ i . ’ { Ve . he i ‘ ‘ \ , =~ : > 4 NY zi / ig f S : ’ ib ‘ i t 4 rr i , ‘ , * me % F x ’ . y ‘e" ‘ ; \ ee if aa | 7 ¥ t ty ‘ t 4 P Pg os ; 4 . é i j ao Nw Loplon Lub as the Act derects by FE. Denovar & Mops “Simphkiae & Marsh! Ca77 182 4. . ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE XCIII. PAPILIO GEMELLUS GEMELLUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz thicker towards the tip, and usually terminating in a kind of club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. * HESPERIA RURALES. Faodr. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire, yellowish, with a brown border: beneath white with a red streak in the middle, and a marginal streak of red lunules on both wings. PLATE XCIII. Hesperia GEMELLUS: alis integerrimis flavescentibus: limbo fusco subtus albis: striga media lunulisque mar- ginalibus sanguineis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. T. 3. p. 1. p. 319. 208. Jon. fig. pict. 6. tab. 36. f. 2. ee SE SEES SEE Pe The scientific Entomologists of Europe will be aware that this is one among the number of those Fabrician species of the Hesperia tribe, which Fabricius has described from the drawings of Mr. Jones, and of which no figure has hitherto appeared: its introduction therefore to public notice cannot fail to be esteemed of some moment to the curious generally, and to the Entomologist in particular. The original drawing was taken by Mr. Jones from a specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, that had been received from Cayenne, and was subsequently described in the entomological writings of Fabri- cius, to which our synonyms refer. It is an insect of simple, deli- cate, and pleasing aspect, especially beneath where the red streaks and lunules of the same colour appear to peculiar advantage on the pure white, which constitutes the ground colour of the wings, Its size and appearance will be found very correctly expressed in the figures of the annexed plate. London Lil. as the Act directs by E Donovan &Heys" Srmpkin EeMarshal! Nia / (824. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE XCIV. CONUS BETULINUS LONG SPOTTED CONE UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER Shell convolute, turbinate ; aperture effuse longitudinal, linear, without teeth, entire-at the base; pillar smooth. * Pyrirorm with a rounded base: the cylinder half as long again as the spire, or more. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. AND SYNONYMS. Shell somewhat emarginate at the base and wrinkled: spire flat- tish and mucronate: colour whitish, with brown spots disposed in transverse series. PLATE XCIV. Conus BETULINUS: testa basi subemarginata rugosa: spira planiuscula mucronata; albida maculis fuscis transversim seriatis. Conus BETULINUS: testa basi subemarginata rugosa: spira pla- niuscula mucronata. Lin. Lud. Ulr. 557. n.165. Our present plate exhibits, in two different views, a richly co- loured example of that very interesting species of Cone, the Conus Betulius of Linneus. This is a shell which may be deservedly considered as one of the most beautiful of the testaceous productions of the Indian seas. It is a shell of a noble size, with a smooth glossy surface, and is in particular remarkable for the symmetry and elegance with which the spots are regularly disposed in bands sur- rounding the whole shell, There are several pretty distinct varie- ties of this species, which differ chiefly in the number of the spots and in their magnitude. In some kinds the spots are disposed in pairs, in others they are insulated or single, and thus form either single or double girdles: and they differ also in the intensity of the colour, as well as the number of the bands into which they are dis- posed. Our variety, as it appears in the annexed plate, is elegantly diversified with several intermediate girdles of an orange or citron hue, a character observable in this variety principally, and which forms an admirable relief when deeply coloured, to the macular bands of fuscous with which the shell is alternately encircled. r L ondotu lub bashed by LE. Doncvan & Mes, Stmphin &- Marshall. March 1 1823. - —— ENTOMOLOGY, PLATE XCV. CURCULIO CRASUS CRGsSUS CURCULIO COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavate, and seated on the snout, which is horny and prominent: feelers four, filiform. SPECIFIC CHARACTER Snout long : body black, variegated with golden green: wing- cases with alternate elevated black strize and green golden punctured furrows, and irregularly marked with excavated gold spots: base gibbous, tip pointed. CURCULIO CRE@SUS longirostris, corpore nigro viridi aureis varie- gato, elytris strus elevatis .atris sulcisque punc- tatis viridi aureis alternis, aureo maculatis ex- cavatis vagis, basi gibbis, apice acuminatis. VOL. IIL. K ENTOMOLOGY. It may appear extraordinary, that an insect of this size and brilliancy should have hitherto escaped the attention of every ento- mological writer, since examples of the species are to be met with in most cabinets of eminence, as well in this country as in other parts of Europe, and yet it certainly is not to be found we believe, at this time, in the work of any preceding author. The period is within our knowledge, when this insect was considered extremely rare; it had no place in the once celebrated cabinet of Mr. Drury, the most estimable, with the exception of the Banksian cabinet, at that time in this country. We then possessed one specimen in our own cabinet, the subject delineated in our pre- sent plate. There were also two specimens in the cabinet of Mr. Francillon, and two others were arranged with the Curculiones in the collection of Major General Davies, of Blackheath. ‘Those were all, we believe, that were to be found, at that time in the cabinets of this country, nor was the species apparently then known upon the continent, if we may form any just conclusion on that subjeet from the silence of Fabricius ; for although he describes several very bril- liant species of this splendid family, this particular species is nowhere mentioned by him. Such are the local circumstances of the history of our present insect till within about the last twenty years, when a large consignment of them from Brasil, consisting of perhaps scarcely less than two hundred specimens was produced among the duplicate insects of Major General Davies. ‘Those reserves had been treasured together, as we understood, by that zealous collector for some years, but were necessarily produced after his death with the rest of his effects at the public sale. It will naturally be concluded, that the production of such a host of those beautiful insects, enabled the PLATE XCYV. collectors of that time to enrich their cabinets with specimens, and that they were sold at a moderate price, which was really the case. Before that period, the insect was esteemed more rare, and bore a higher price than even that celebrated insect emphatically denomi- nated the ‘* Diamond Beetle,” to which in its general habit it is nearly allied, and to which it scarcely yields in point of beauty. Since that time no further supply having been introduced, the species has become gradually uncommon, and it is now rarely seen except in the older collections of exotic entomology. The fertile regions of South America are well known to be productive of the most brilliant objects of the insect tribe with which we are acquainted, and those of the particular family to which our insect appertains, the Curculiones of Linnzeus and Fabricius are distinctly known to rank among the number of the most splendid species. ‘There is indeed a natural family of those insects, to which our present insect belongs, at the head of which the species C. imperialis may be placed, that seems to vie with each other in the gorgeous splendour of their decorations, and it must be confessed that they are not eclipsed in this respect by any others of the insect race; such are the Curculiones sumptuosus, splendidus, and several of their analogies, all which are natives of South America, and these. collectively serve to shew that those regions yield to none in the splendour of those natural productions with which the entomologist is so delighted. The present insect, which in allusion to the metallic golden lustre it displays, we have denominated Croesus, follows naturally next in succession after the varieties of Curculio imperialis, the size is nearly the same, though in some instances it may be in a trifling PLATE XCV. degree smaller; its near similitude has been already noticed. The general colour of the insect, like that of Imperialis when its coating of brilliant scales is rabbed away, is a deep glossy black ; the snout is somewhat lengthened, or rather longer than the thorax ; the thorax is black, golden at the sides and tuberculated or rough with raised dots, and the centre marked with a golden sulcation or sunken line. The wing-cases are black, and so striated with impressed dots as to form alternate elevated lines and punctured furrows, which are deeply and somewhat irregularly marked with excavated spots of a sub-ovate form, and within which one or more of the impressed points appear most commonly to lie longitudinally down the centre. Those furrows are lined with small brilliant scales of a golden green colour, the sub-ovate excavations with scales resplendent with the auriferous lustre of the purest gold, and so nearly resem- bling the metallic hue of gold itself as to assume rather the appearance of art than nature; those spots are so conspicuous and distinct as to have obtained the insect the name of the ‘‘ Gold-Splash Diamond Beetle,” and which as a trivial appellation is sufficiently characteristic of the difference that prevails between this species and its affinity C. imperialis. ‘This golden lustre pervades as well the lower surface, excepting only that the brilliancy is more general, the black colour of the beetle being concealed by the closer and more uniform com- pactness with which the brilliant scales, to which it is indebted for this colouring is disposed. The legs are black and very slightly ciated, a character of some importance to be considered in defining the species, since there are other insects of the same tribe which are distinguished by the hairyness of those limbs. ! In order to convey a more correct idea of the appearance of this insect, we have found it necessary to give the figures rather larger than life; the natural size is represented by the shaded impression shown on the sandy ground at the bottom of the plate. London, Lib. as the Act directs by E. Donovan, &: Mops” Simphin &Marshall, Nov. 4 1824. - “ ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE XCVI. THE EGG OF PSITTACUS ERITHACUS THE ASH-COLOURED PARROT Some among the number of our subscribers who have kindly favoured us with their ideas on various points connected withour present undertaking, have expressed a wish to see the eggs of foreign birds occasionally introduced to their consideration, this interesting department of enquiry, as it is observed with truth, being very little regarded by the generality of naturalists, and being even of unusual occurrence in the works professedly written on the subject of Ornithology. When the difficulty of obtaining authentic information upon this snbject be considered fully, this can scarcely excite surprise, they are not to be obtained without the greatest difficulty, nor is the information to be met with respecting them, when procured, sufficiently precise on every occasion to deserve the confidence of the ornithologist. Our collection of the eggs of PLATE XCVI. the birds of this country is highly interesting, but that it is not very amply stored with the eggs of foreign birds, must be conceded. We have nevertheless a few, and some among them of no mean impor- tance, and these, should it appear to meet the wishes of our readers, will be introduced to notice as opportunities uccur. The subject now submitted is one of those ; it is the egg of a parrot, and which, upon the most authentic information was laid by the bird while in a state of confinement in London, about forty years ago; a circumstance that may at least assure us of the authenticity of the article, and so far render it an object of decided curiosity. This egg, together with the bird, was once in the possession of the late Sir Ashton Lever, and formed a part of his extensive museum till the period of its dissolution, in 1806, when it came into our hands. The parent | bird was the Psittacus erithacus of Linnzus, the Common Ash- coloured Parrot, that inhabits Guinea, Angola, and other parts of Africa. In conclusion it should be observed, that according to Dr. Latham’s information it is not usual for the female of this species to lay eggs in England, but these of course prove unproduc- tive, except in those few instances where the male and female have been together, and then very rarely in our climate. At Marmande in France a male and female that had been kept for five or six years together produced young; they made their nest in spring and laid four eggs, of which never more than three were good, Labat also speaks of a pair that hatched young ones at Paris. n ie / ‘ean re eke 4 London Pith. as the Act directs by L Donovan de Alife” Scmphin Marshall Ort. 789A Piss... ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE XCVII. PAPILIO TIMON TIMON BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennze thicker towards the tip and generally terminating in aknob: wings erect when at rest, Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER Wings three tailed, at the base greenish, beneath white with an abbreviated blood red band on the posterior ones. HESPERIA TIMON: alis tricaudatis basi virescentibus, subtus albis ; posticis fascia abbreviata sanguinea. abr. Ent. Syst. T. 1. p. 2. 260. n. 9. CE a ne PSE CSS Papilio Timon is another of those choice examples of the Papilio tribe, for the description of which we are indebted solely to Fabricius, and for the illustration of the species to the inestimable drawings of PLATE XCVII. Mr. Jones, for the only description of it to be found extant is in the writings of Fabricius and its only figure among those drawings. The species is a native of South America, and was originally pre- served in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, subsequently this rarity came into our own possession. Fabricius refers for the specimen he des- cribes to the cabinet of Dr. Hunter, in which there may perhaps be other examples of the same insect, but we are well assured from the Fabrician MS. that the description of the species which he has left us was taken from the drawing in the collection of Mr. Jones, and that this drawing was copied from the specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, to which we have adverted. The beauty of this interesting Butterfly will sufficiently recom- mend it to the notice of the entomologist, nor can its figure prove in the least degree unacceptable, since it is so obviously from this authority alone that the species can be distinctly ascertained. The The learned naturalists of Europe have been long since assured of the existence of such a species through the writings of Fabricius, a circumstance which it must be presumed will render a faithful pic- torial illustration of the species of greater moment than if the species had remained nnnoticed or entirely unknown‘till the present period. ess bigoaant London Lib. as the Act directs by F. Donovan b Mefy:Simpehan EMarshall, Nov. 1. 78 ok, ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE XCVIII. GRACULA RELIGIOSA MINOR GRAKLE PIcz. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, acutely edged and rather naked at the base: tongue entire, rather sharp and fleshy : feet formed for walking. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Violet-black ; spot on the wings white, hind head with a yellow naked band. GRACULA RELIGIOSA : nigro-violacea, macula alarum alba, fascia occipitis nuda flava. Linn. Syst. 1. p. 164. 1. Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 395. Lath. Ind. Orn. t. 1. 189. 1. The facility with which the various birds of the Parrot tribe articulate the sounds of the human voice is known to every one, but it is certainly less generally understood that there are many other beings of the feathered race which are capable, in a greater or less degree of expressing the like sounds, and some among the number with admirable success. The bird before us is one especially endow- ed with those extraordinary powers of utterance in an eminent VOL. III. L PLATE XCVIII. degree ; it is indeed said to be a more skilful imitator of the sounds. of the human voice than any of the Parrot tribe, and that in whistling and singing it 1s equally excellent ; possessing, as it does, this faculty of speaking, and in some degree of associating ideas with the expres- sion of the voice, it 1s regarded by the Indians, in those countries which it inhabits, with a kind of superstitious veneration, and being of a tractable and familiar disposition, is easily brought to a state of domestication as an inmate and companion in their dwellings. Its food is of the vegetable kind, and it is observed to be in particular fond of grapes and cherries. This species inhabits Java, where it is called Maynoa ; it is also a native of China, figures of it appearing among the birds of that country published by the Chinese themselves, and also in the Japanese books on Natural History as a native of Japan. In point of size this bird may be compared with the European Blackbird ; the length is about ten inches, the body rather robust, the bill and legs rather long, and the tail short. ‘The general colour of the plumage is black, glossed with blue, and changeable in various directions of the light to green and purple. The colour of the bill is orange, and of the legs brown ; from the base of the bill, or some- times rather from beneath the eye, extends a broad line or band, bare of feathers, of a yellowish colour, and which passing behind the region of the eye, forms a continued band round the hind part of the head; the colour of this naked band, though yellowish in general, becomes of a flesh colour, or heightens to a deep red, when the animal is irritated. With the exception of this band, the only diversity of the plumage consists in a broad white band which passes across the middle of the wing. hee PN ees oe OPIN ICA iS agen ne Ba | bas Ba Fh r Pak whip a ae oe it, YU London Fuh. as the Act directs by EL. Donovan & Mol” Simphin & Marshill, Decl 7. 1824. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE XCIX. CONUS MARMOREUS MARBLED CONE UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell convolute, turbinate: aperture effuse, longitudinal, linear, — without teeth, entire at the base: pillar smooth. * Spire nearly truncated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell conic, fuscous with ovate white spots, whorl of the spire grooved. Conus MARMOREUS: testa conica fusca: maculis ovatis albis ; spire anfractibus canaliculatis, Lenn. Lud. Ulr. 550. n. 151. Gmel. Linn, Syst. Nat. 3374. 1. PLATE XCIX. Conus Marmoreus, independently of the symmetrical elegance of its structure, which it bears m common with the generality of the other species of its tribe, is remarkable for the singular and very decided manner in which its surface 1s characterized, the colour being black, profusely checquered with spots of white. ‘Those spots are not uniformly of the same form or magnitude, although they are nearly uniform in those particulars in the same individual speci- mens. Thus in some examples the spots are all large, and either of a triangular or quadrangular form, or rather inclining to a heart-shape; in others, the spots are all small, and in some degree confluent ; some- times the black predominates, sometimes the white, and there are instances of the shell being encircled with one or more distinct dark bands. Some of those shells are of unusual rarity, the ordinary varieties are to be met with in most cabinets, for the species is not uncommon in the Asiatic seas, and that kind especially which has the spots of a large size and cordated form, as represented in the annexed plate. A shell so conspicuous and familiarly well known to every one who may have directed their attention to the subject of Conchology, it will be presumed must have assuredly attracted the observation of every writer upon the science, and it is perfectly true, that there are few works of any material extent upon Conchology in which some at least of its varieties are not noticed. Chev. Lamarck in his last publication, recapitulating the synonyms of preceding writers, reduces the number to five distinct varieties, which is one more than Gmelin has recorded; his type of the species is the Conus Marmoreus of all other writers, and is the kind we have delineated; he has a smaller shell in his own cabinet, which he distinguishes by the cha- CONCHOLOGY. racter testa minore, granulata; it differs materially in size, beng —Jittle more than an inch in length, but the markings are similar, the spots in this kind being nearly as large as in the full-grown Conus Marmoreus, they are necessarily fewer in number and appear con- siderably larger in proportion. ‘The granulations to which that author refers are disposed in circles round the shell, forming altogether about thirty equidistant granulated bands, a character of ~ some singularity in a species which is remarkable for the smoothness and politure of its surface, if we except the variety @. of Gmelin, which is described as being finely striated, testa subtiliter striata, and (e) of the Lamarkian kinds. Lamarck’s variety (c) testa nigro bizonata, is the example shewn by Rumphius and Seba, with two ' black zones or bands, a shell of equal size with the common variety, or type of the species. ‘The variety (d) testa lineis duabus albis cincta is the kind already introduced to notice in the work of Chemnitz, and which instead of two black zones ts encircled with two distinct white lines. The fifth and last variety of the species is distinguished by Lamarck as testa maculis albis longitudi- nalibus subfasciata. ‘The novelty of this variety consists in the form and disposition of the spots of white; they are much elongated longitudinally, and are so disposed as to form about three distinct bands across the shell, besides two or three others, in which the spots are not more lengthened than in the other varieties. Lamarck has omitted to mention one character of this variety which it is material to consider, namely, the fine striae or lines with which the shell is girt or encircled transversely.—Amidst all the apparent confusion that may be conceived to exist among the varieties of this shell it will not be forgotten that the several varieties are at once reducible to PLATE XCVII. their true species by attending to the specific character of the shell, the canaliculated or grooved whorl of the spire; this is a striking cha- racter, and it may be added, that the tubercles with which the spiral line is crowned will assist us likewise in the determination of the species. 700 Loniton Pub_as the Act directs Ly EL. Donovan Mes” Si ampekue ke: Marshall Jan, 1, 1826, ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE C. PAPILIO ANTIMACHUS ANTIMACHUS BUTTERFLY UPPER SURFACE LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER Antenne thicker towards the tip and generally terminating in a knob: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings indented, elongated, black; anterior pair with rufous spots: posterior ones with rufous radiated disk and black dots. PAPILIO ANTIMACHUS: alis dentatis elongatis nigris: anticis maculis posticis disco radiato rufo nigro punctato. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t.3. p. 1. pr 1l.—dJon. fig. pict. t. 41. fig 1. PLATE C. Papilio Antimachus is a magnificent example of its tribe in point of size, and one moreover of the most remarkable, as well in the singularity of its form as beauty of its colouring, that this elegant race of insects can present ; it 1s also extremely rare, and under the peculiar circumstances which we have to mention further, the plates which are now submitted to the reader in illustration of the species, may possibly render them of more than usual interest. It should be premised that the only authentic figure of this Papilio that has hitherto appeared before the public is to be found in the first plate of the third volume of Drury’s work on Exotic Insects. That figure was copied from the original specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, by Moses Harris, and from the many opportunities which an unre- served access to that inestimable cabinet had formerly afforded us of investigating the species, we may venture to add, that although the execution is somewhat coarse, it is by no means destitute of fidelity. In stating this, we refer, however, only to the original copies of the work published by the author, for those manufactured by the venders of the work, into whose hands the plates have fallen since his death, cannot be expected to possess the same degree of excellence as the original copies, perfected under the inspection of the author, and these are now become extremely rare. Were the scarcity of those original copies our sole inducement for the introduction of the present plates of Papilio Antimachus into the present work, we should rest persuaded it would be esteemed a sufficient reason, but there are others,—the pencil of Moses Harris, as an artist, was certainly sur- passed by that of Mr. Jones in the delineation of this particular tribe of insects; many years of the life of Mr. Jones had been devoted to the subject,.and among his numerous drawings we find two figures of this interesting species, one presenting the upper surface ENTOMOLOGY. and the other the lower one; these were copied by himself from the original insect in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, and as it appears on collating the notes of Mr. Jones with the manuscripts of Mr. Drury, now in our possession, those drawings were taken very shortly after the insect had been received in England, and previous to the drawing made for the work of Mr. Drury by Moses Harris. ‘The work of Mr. Drury affords moreover only one figure of this insect, which is that of the upper surface; the drawings of Mr. Jones presents us with the figure of. the lower’ surface as well as the upper, and the difference, though not very remote, must be esteemed worthy of our attention, when the scarcity of the insect is considered. The habitat of this species is particularly noticed by Mr. Drury ; **T received it,” says the author, “ from Sierra Leon, in Africa,”’ and further adds “that it is an undoubted non-descript.” From the manuscripts of Mr. Drury we find that he had received this insect from Mr. Smeathman in the year 1775. Among other ‘general remarks we have also a note upon this subject from which it appears that many of the African Papiliones in the collection of Mr. Drury, were communicated by Mr. Henry Smeathman, an assiduous and very intelligent naturalist, who was stationed at that period in Sierra Leone. From the observations of Mr. Smeathman it may be imagined that this insect is not unfrequent in that particular part of Africa, but that its capture is attended with considerable difficulty, as well from the manner of its flight as the time when it appears on the wing ; it is seen only in mid-day, when every exertion under. the diréct anfluence of a vertical sun must be painful to aa European. Its flight is also remarkable for its velocity, and to increase the difficulty of taking it, the insect frequents ouly the upper VOL. ILL. M PLATE C. branches of the trees, from whence it darts and glances from one branch to another, and never descends nearer to the ground than the height of about eight feet. Mr. Smeathman observes also, that it turns its head about instantly to the glade or path, and will not suffer any person. to approach within a “ striking distance’ of it, but will dart away on the least motion of the body: if the naturalist, says Mr. Smeath- — man, however, exerts his patience, it will at last become more familiar and careless, and is then to be caught upon some particular branch, to which it will appear more attached than to another. Iudependently of the unquestionable veracity of the writer, we can have no reason to doubt the accuracy of the information ; the Papilio Iris, or Purple Emperor Butterfly of our own country, affords us precisely an example of the same instinctive caution of those beings of the insect race ; this also, like Papilio Antimachus, frequents the higher branches of the trees, never descending nearer to the ground, and rarely so near, and in common with all the Papiliones when they suspect danger, turn the head; or alighting upon some bush or herbage, face the object of their distrust; and should the collector in striking with his net, miss his first aim through takmg an ill-measured distance, it is not likely he should be able to succeed. at that time in capturing the wary insect. In speaking of the comparative rarity of this insect, Mr. Drury is less explicit than we could wish ; he seems to consider, upon the information of Mr. Smeathman, that it is chiefly owing to the loftiness of its fight that the species is seldom taken, and is con- sequently scarce in cabinets: this is probably not the only cause ; the haunts of insects are oftentimes very local, and this we suspect to be the fact with respect to Papilio Antimachus, for although the ENTOMOLOGY. particular spot which Mr. Smeathman visited, may have produced this insect in some plenty at the precise season when he chanced to be a resident there, it is by no means to be inferred that it is com- mon there at other seasons, or that it is to be found in other parts of Africa. Were it only owing to the loftiness of its flight, the bag- net, in use among collectors for the capture of insects that fly ‘princi- pally about the higher branches of trees, would have enabled travellers, in those parts, to overcome this difficulty. The truth appears to be, that under some peculiar circumstances, this curious insect, like many others which Mr. Smeathman met with, during his travels in Africa, might have occurred to him in some plenty, and it is not improbable, for this reason it might have been in his power, at that time, to enrich several of the Entomological cabinets of Europe, with examples of the species, but for this conjecture, we have no positive confirmation, and were it even correct, we have no present knowledge of them; neither can we learn, that any specimens have been brought to Europe by subsequent observers, although half a century has elapsed since the period in which the species was communicated to Mr. Drury, by Mr. Smeathman. In- deed it may be finally observed, that the only example now extant upon which we can speak with certainty, is the original from which our present‘figures are taken, and this moreover is the only authority to which Fabricius adverts, for he quotes no other than the work of Drury and the drawings of Mr, Jones. i as 4 s Ray ot ‘ Nd 707 ” Spin &: Marshall Sar. bIELS ales London bith, asphe Act divety by E. Donovan Mes. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CI. PAPILIO ANTIMACHUS ANTIMACHUS BUTTERFLY LOWER SURFACE LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER Antenne thicker towards the tip and generally terminating in a knob: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings indented, elongated, black; anterior pair with rufous spots : posterior ones with rufous radiated disk and black dots. PaPpiLio ANTIMACHUS: alis dentatis elongatis nigris: anticis maculis posticis disco radiato rufo nigro punctato. Fabr. Ent. Syst. ¢.3. p. 1. p. I—don. fig. pict. t. 41, fig. 1. PLATE CI. In the preceding plate we have presented our readers with a figure of the upper surface of this singularly curious and very scarce Papilio; the present plate is appropriated to the representation of the lower surface, and which, on account of its extraordinary mag- nitude, is unavoidably represented in a resting position. As every trait of its history, so far as we are acquainted with them, are related in the preceding description, it need be only added, that the pre- vailing colours on the lower surface is yellow, while that of the upper surface is rufous, inclining to orange ; the precise difference in the form and disposition of the spots and markings will be best per- ceived on an accurate comparison of the two delineations. ram ae hey ahs London Lub. as the Act directs by E Donovan & Mes! Stmphin & Marshall. Nov. 1 754 CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CII. CONUS STRIATUS STRIATED CONE UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell convolute, turbinate; aperture effuse, longitudinal, linear, without teeth, entire at the base : pillar smooth. * Elongated, and rounded at the base; the cylinder twice the length of the spire, and more. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell ovate oblong, gibbous, clouded, and marked with very fine parallel striz, which are sometimes fuscous. Conus STRIATUS: testa ovato-oblonga gibba nebulosa 3; striis tenuissimis, parallelis fuscis, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. 561. p. 172.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. 3393. n. 58. VoLura TIGERINA: Rumpf: Mus. t. 31. fi F. MELAR: Adanson Senegal. 1. t. 6. fC 2. PLATE CII. VoLuTA TIcRINA: ab aliis Leo scandens. Seba Mus. t. 3. t. 42. f. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.—Mus. Kirch. 130.—Lister Conch. t. 160. f. 6. Conus Srriatus: d var: alba; maculis fulvis laceris araneas 4 f figurantibus. (L’ECORCHE ARAIGNEE) Lamarck t,7. p. 506. n. 142. A native of Africa and the type of a species of the Conus genus, which Linnzus describes under the name of Conus Striatus, from a specimen in the museum of the Queen of Sweden. This shell, which is a Cone of a moderate size, is usually of a whitish colour with a very faint tinge of violet, and has the marks almost constantly of a dark fuscous colour, tinged at the edges with tes- taceous. There are several varieties of this species, the difference of which consists only in the intensity of the dark fuscous markings, and in the lesser or greater space of the surface which they occupy. Among the principal varieties we may enumerate the followmg— * Pale, or violaceous, with a few irregular perpendicular wavy pointed lines and ragged spots, and which have obtained it the name of the Spider Cone, from their remote resemblance to that insect. ** Pale, or White, tinged with rosy, or blueish, the surface marked with perpendicular stripes, more or less confluent. *** Pale rosy white, or blueish, with perpendicular stripes, more or legs confluent, and forming two pretty distinct bands, one towards the upper part of the shell, the other near the tip, and leaving the imtermediate space asa broad whitish or paler band, surrounding the middle of the shells. In the two last mentioned varieties the darker colour prevails more conspicuously than the paler spaces. &> Lonion Pub. as the Act directs by EDonovan keMifs” Simphan & Marshall, Tb, 1, 1625. CONCHOLOGY., PLATE CIII. HELIX FESTIVA FESTIVE SNAIL UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spiral, somewhat diaphanous, brittle, aperture contracted, semilunar or roundish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ovate-globose, ventricose, imperforate, sulphur-colour with fulvous rufous bands, pillar and lip rosy, tip subviolaceous. HELIX FESTIVA : ovato-globosa, ventricosa imperforata, sulphurea fascius fulvo-rufis columella labroque roseis, apice subviolaceo. A most beautiful and choice species of the Helix genus, and one which it is presumed has hitherto remained undescribed by any VOL. III. N PLATE CIII. author. In point of size, it is rather less considerable than our Helix Pomatia, the largest of our British Helices, but it is equal to, or rather exceeds, in this respect, the larger growth of the Common Garden Snail. The shell is somewhat ovate in form, globose, and ventricose; the colour a pale yellowish, or sulphureous tint, but is so closely encircled with reddish orange bands and lines, as to convey the idea of an orange-coloured shell, encircled with pale yellow lines. A broad band of the same pale yellowish tint traverses the upper or dorsal surface, just below the middle, but which becomes narrower and less conspicuous as it passes round the lower surface towards the upper segment of the lip. The margin of the lip is of a pale rosy colour, above and beneath, and the pillar of the same hue. This shell is of extreme rarity, and may possibly be unique : it has been lately added, at a considerable price, to the conchological cabinet of Mrs. Mawe, and is introduced into the present work by her permission and kindness. The native place is unknown: we name it Festiva in allusion to the gaiety of its appearance. (04 a London Pub. as the Let directs by &. Donovan & Myf.” Somphin &e Marshall. Nov. 7. 104 ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CIV. PAPILIO CHORIN AUS CHORINALUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER Antenne thicker towards the tip, and generally terminating in a knob: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. * NYMPHALES. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings tailed, fuscous: anterior pair falcated, with a fulvous band. PAPILIO CHORINAUS: alis caudatis fuscis: anticis falcatis: fascia fulva. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. 72. 225. Seba Mus. 4 ¢. 41. f. 15. 16. PAPILIO CHORIN £US, Jon. pict. ct MS. PLATE CIV. Papilio Chorinzeus is an insect of singular figure and general appearance ; the anterior wings being curiously falcated, and the posterior ones furnished each with a tail of conspicuous length. The specimen from which our figures are taken, is preserved in the Banksian cabinet : the upper and lower surface are both represented in the annexed plate. This insect is a native of Surinam; from the MS. of the late Mr. Drury we find he had received it from that country. 1 F Oy eth . M2 4 VE 7045 Lenton Lub. asthe Act directs by L,Donovan be Me/sS mphin &Mirshall [? CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CV. PERNA ISOGNOMUM ~ GREAT BLACK HOUND’S-EAR PERNA BIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subequivalve, flat, rather deformed and scaly on the out- side: hinge linear, with many perpendicular teeth, which do not alternate with those of the opposite valve; the teeth placed parallel to one another, and the intermediate longitudinal spaces form each a furrow, in the interstices of which the ligament of the hinge is inserted: one side of the hinge salient, the other side under the hinge rather protuberant, gaping, and forming an avenue through which the byssus is protruded. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell equivalve with a larger lateral lobe, or having the anterior lobe produced. PERNA 1SOGNOMUM: testa equivalvi: lobo laterali majore. PLATE CV, OsTREA ISOGNOMUM : testa equivalvi: lobo laterali majore. Linn. Lud. Ulr. 533. 2. 120.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3338. 124.—Seba Mus. 3¢.91. f. 7. PERNA I[soGNOMUM: testa compressa, superne in alam curvatam vel obliquam elongata; basi transversa, prelonga, in rostrum anterius producta. Lamarck Anim. sans Verteb. t. 6. p. 1. p. 140. Notwithstanding that the figures of several varieties of this curious shell are to be found in the works of Seba, Rumphius, Klein and other early writers, it has ever been considered as a scarce shell. Gmelin observes, in speaking of its being an inhabitant of the Indian Ocean, ‘‘ habitat rarior et pretiosa in Oceano Indico.” Our spe- cimen is from the South Seas, one of the finest and most choice examples among those which were brought to England by the celebrated Captain Cook, and which was presented by that eminent navigator to Sir Ashton Lever: it is probably the most perfect and illustrative specimen of the species known, for in all the figures which we have seen, the larger extremity appears broken and more pointed, while in the present shell it is dilated, and forms a rounded instead of pointed termination. This shell is known among English collectors by the name of the Great Black Hound’s-ear, and some- times the Australasian Black Hound’s-ear ; the French distinguish it by the name of Perne bigorne. CONCHOLOGY. This remarkable shell bears some resemblance to that singular Conchological production, the Hammer-Oyster, from which it, how- ever, differs in having the anterior lobe at the upper part of the shell shorter, and in being nearly destitute of the opposite, or cor- responding lobe. Still they may possibly be mistaken, unless due attention be paid to the structure of the hinges, for in that particular no two shells can be more remote. The sulcations of the hinge in our present species are especially characteristic. ‘y ‘ 7 pegs & zn Ywe meee / rei t ap icv i ‘ ~ Pay ae 106 f | 4 | 4 } ; ; ; 4 \ ' | / x yA Londow lih. as the Act directs by E. Donovan Mes Simphin & Marshal Marcle 1.7626. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CVI. SOLEN VIRIDI-4HENEUS BRASSY-GREEN SOLEN BIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong, open at both ends: hinge with asubulate reflected tooth, often double, and not inserted in the opposite valve. * Hinge placed in the middle of the shell. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oval-oblong, somewhat cylindrical, straight, with the ends slightly rounded : white, in the middle brassy green ; hinge of one valve bidentated. SOLEN VIRIDI-ZNEUS: testa ovali-oblonga subcylindracea recta, extremitatibus subrotundatis, alba in medio viridi-zeneo, cardine altero bidentato. VOL. III. O PLATE CVI. This remarkable kind of the Solen tribe appears to be entirely new, or at least it does not occur in any of the continental works within our present knowledge. It is a native of the sandy shores in the vicinity of the Gold Coast, near Cape Coast Castle, from whence a number of them have been very recently sent to England by an ;ndividual of the British force engaged in the hostilities with the Ashantees ; whether it 1s met with on any other of the African shores we are not informed. This shell, which is represented in its natural size, is about three inches broad and one in length, straight and somewhat convex or inclining to cylindrical, with the ends obtusely rounded, the colour within white ; the outside is also white, but is very closely covered with a thin epidermis, which is of a rich golden or brassy sreen colour throughout, except at the anterior and posterior slopes, which are of a pale whitish tint, and render its appearance in a peculiar degree remarkable. he vi O7 Londow Lub, as the Act chrects by 2. Donovan ke Mele?” Strnfukan, 8 Marshall, March 7, FAG £0 60 IG ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CVII. PAPILIO BERENICE BERENICE BUTTERFLY ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER Antenne thicker towards the tip, and usually terminating in a kind of club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings indented, black, with a common red band : posterior pair beneath spotted with black, white, ferruginous and yellow. PAPILIO BERENICE: alis dentatis nigris : fascia communi rubra oO b) posticis subtus nigro albo ferrugineo flavoque maculatis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. n. 350, PLATE CVII. A very elegant species of the Papilio tribe, one of the family of Nymphales Phalerati in the Linnzan arrangement, and of the Nymphales in that of Fabricius. The figures given in the annexed plate, and which exhibit as well the upper as the lower surface, are taken from a specimen in the cabinet of the late Sir Joseph Banks. There was another example of this insect in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, and it was also known to the German naturalist Cramer, who has described it under the name of Papilio Zingha. Papilio Berenice is an insect of moderate magnitude; the general colour above is dark brown, with a broad common band of rufous orange across the middle, and a row of reddish dots, disposed in pairs, and forming an elegant series along the dark posterior limb of the lower wings. The under surface is no less elegant, the ground colour consisting of large distinct patches of brown, red and black, the lighter spaces of which are diversified with black dots, and the black with spots and dashes of white or pale red. This curious butterfly is very rare; its native place is Sierra Leone. From the MS. of Mr. Drury we learn that he received it in the year 1776, from Mr. Smeathman, by whom it had been found in that part of Africa. i ta We yay IN 108 London, Tub.asthe Act directs by E. Donovan L Mefs ” Sumphkin & Marshall April 1, 1625. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CVIITI. HELIX PYTHOGASTER PYTHOGASTER SNAIL UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spiral, somewhat diaphanous, brittle, aperture contracted, semilunar, or roundish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell imperforate, ovate conoid, chesnut-brown, very finely striated longitudinally, whorls six, roundish, the first ventricose, with dusky or fuscous bands : lip within white : margin reflected. HELIX PYTHOGASTER: testa imperforata ovato-conoidea, cas- tanea, longitudinaliter subtilissime striata, anfrac- tibus sex teretibus primo ventricoso, cingulis fuscatis: labro intus albo, margine reflexo. PLATE CVIITI, BuLimus PyTHoeGAsTER: Bulime des Philippines. Lamoxck Anim. s. Vert. t. 6. p. 2. 119. 10. HELIx PITHOGASTER: Ferrusac’s Conch. pl. cviii. fig. No, 3. This shell, which is of considerable rarity, exists in the valuable and extensive cabinet of Mrs: Mawe, who has liberally permitted the present figures to be copied from it for the purpose of our publication. We cannot indeed preduce the shell as an undescribed species; for it has been already noticed in the respective works of Chev. Lamarck and Baron Ferrusac, but it must be nevertheless considered as an important acquisition, and one one that cannot fail, it is presumed, to prove acceptable, in particular, to that portion of our readers who are interested in the study of Conchology. It is not unworthy of remark, that this species, which was not described by Lamarck till the year 1822, had previously to that time for many years formed a part of the private cabinet of Mr. George Humphrey, an eminent collector in this country, and that it appears prior to the publication of Lamarck’s Conchology to have been entirely unknown. ‘This author informs us that the species inhabits the Philippine Isles. He refers to the cabinet of M. le Marquis de Bonay for the example mentioned, and observes at the same time that it is a very distinct species, and probably very rare; the length of his shell is one inch and eleven lines, which is scarcely half the size of the example now before us. The shell described by Baron Ferrusac is larger than that given by Chev. Lamarck, but it is still CONCHOLOGY. smaller than that which we have delineated. ‘The shell described by B. Ferrusac is supposed to be a native of America; we are entirely uncertain as to the habitat of the specimen which we describe. The figures in the annexed plate being copied in the natural size, and with every attention to accuracy from the example before us, it will, it is presumed, be deemed unnecessary to enter into any very minute description of the shell; we shall, however, quote the description given of the same species by Baron Ferrusac, for the satisfaction of those who may wish to compare it with the figures we have given*. We have already stated that our example is larger than {that of Baron Ferrusac ; it may be also added, that its general aspect is more dusky or obscure, and the bands of fuscous which encircle the first whorl, in particular, less distinctly defined than in the shell before us. * Coquille alongée et ventrue, volute développée dans le sens vertical, spire elevée, tours croissant fortement, bord interieur, du céne spiral formant une columelle solide, torse non tronquée ; bouche plus ou moins verticale par rapport a l’axe; bord exterieur plus ou moins avancé; peris- tome simple en réfléchi. H. Pithogaster. No. 324. pl. cviii, f. 3. aes Pid Nie Neha ohare ce ae eR Ds te oe Raa ae ag r Me ake ly Mets toe eo ae Tt 4 i as sae aR th cA rey ae ° Moe Fe. Meuk Aydt 1 EP eS uv “ 4 " +S * ¢ yt AR a Fiat z ‘i “t if seein ane e & wv teed 7 ‘ 4] v Sy et ws ty 5 — ¥, . 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