Pha a aya 7\ 9 4) ‘ ‘ai ; Bay san j \ ' iy : RD ys i iy ny aN a hi Avi HAMA A iy aha yy 4 hy : r 1a y " D - - i ; ‘ a 7 Ps ; % . ia ’ , ‘ a 1 a0 ¥ ’ S) ~ ° a | \\ P Z j = =! x : WU é ee eee NATURALIST’S REPOSITORY: Monthly Miscellany EXOTIC NATURAL HISTORY: CONSISTING OF ELEGANTLY COLOURED PLATES WITH APPROPRIATE SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST CURIOUS, SCARCE, AND BEAUTIFUL PRODUCTIONS OF NATURE THAT HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD; AND MORE ESPECIALLY SUCH NOVELTIES As from their extreme Rarity remain entirely undescribed, or which have not been duly noticed by any preceding Naturalists. THE WHOLE COMPOSED ACCORDING TO , THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VARIOUS DEPARFMENTS OF The Deience, AND FORMING COLLECTIVELY A TRULY VALUABLE COMPENDIUM OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES OF QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS, SHELLS, MARINE PRODUCTIONS, AND EVERY OTHER INTERESTING OBJECT OF NATURAL HISTORY, THE PRODUCE OF FOREIGN CLIMATES.~ —— eee BY E. DONOVAN, F.L.S. W.S. &ec. i Verh, IV. London: | PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR AND W. SIMPKIN AND KR. MARSHALL, STATIONERS’ HALL COURT, LUDGATE STREET. 1826. 193435 i a > . ; ae j bi , a j ae ae. f a Pm t “ * x ie i i ‘ : ; 4 a Be a oo a ye cf : g Ni emnogiga A a ‘yg Age j "s oe aly ulye vdgodig Ak : a A bia soll & % G8) 8 o8-'a he ; eg h 5 pon! uae, a Maer R a seed DAG? OTE Ee Ose ela Liog tid Soloed Vance B48 @ '9 Ss G ee 9 5 ‘, 3 j J nye Lisi fichifboars Sud Popiatil yg silotilicarg) * G°-6 .a: @° 6* reg o a a f beizdqotewo |. ( & Sa Me 2 ie ' | i Ct Pi i 1 ‘6 2 > 5 PLEGLSLOIEPLLCIVGD: GFP PARES Plummer and Brewis, Printers, Love Lane, Eastcheap. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. IV. =e ALcIcorNis’ Millepora, Elk’s-Horn Coral a eo os Anthophyllites Madrepora, Anthophyllite Madrepore Bullockii Merops, Bullock’s Bee-Eater « « « «+ © e Coerulea Libellula, Great Blue Libellula - Camellifolia Locusta, Shock-shock, Female Camellifolia Locusta, Shock-shock, Male Cassander Papilio, Cassander Butterfly « Castor Papilio, Castor Butterfly OPS @:. 6: ee) 6116) ee e e e 6° s @ Ceratophyta Gorgonia, var. rubra, Filiform Gorgonia, red variety Ceratophyta Gorgonia, var. flava, Filiform Gorgonia, yellow variety Chrysotis, Certhia ; Yellow-eared Creeper, or Honey-eater + © « « Clytemnestra Papilio, Clytemnestra Butterfly +» » + + + e Decius Papilio, Decius Butterfly «+ « + + « © + + © © « « | Eleus ‘Papilio, Eleus Butterfly - + + © s+ + © » © eo © Epistrophus Butterfly, (Laertes Drury) Epistrophns Butterfly Flammea Gorgonia, Fiery-red Gorgoniae © + « + « « « « e Geographicus Conus, Geographic Cone + « - Guildingii Pectinaria, Guilding’s Pectinaria Hemastoma Helix, Red-mouthed Snail- « « Honorius Papilio, Honorius Butterfly « « Lamellata Venus, Lamellated Venus -« Latreillii Papilio, Latreille’s Butterfly - Laodocus Papilio, Laodocus Butterfly - e e Libelluloides Myrmeleon, Cape Myrmelecn or Lion-Ant - e Plate 18S 127 . 137 110 122 123 136 116 115 114 112 125 109 113 143 - 121 LW 118 132 119 142 140 130 139 INDEX. Lysimnia Papilio, Lysimnia Butterfly « +s se ee eeceecee Melanotragus Helix, Black-mouthed Snail « « 6 © « « © © © 0 « «© Nubicus Merops, Nubian Bee-Eater « « « « « «© © «© © © © © © oo, Opuntia Corailine, Indian-Fig Coralline or Articulated Coralline Jamaicae « eeceecc vec eet be 6 Hw OR ee 6S Rackettii Cardium, Rackett’s Cockle « « « « « « « Rudis Alcedo, White and Spotted King’s-Fisher «+ - Siderea Madrepora, Starry Madrepore «+ « « « e « Snbdepressus Echinus, Subdepressed Echinus « «+ « Sulphurea Gorgonia, Sulphur-coloured Gorgonia « Sylvester Papilio, Sylvester Butterfly + + © « © « Tacitus Papilio, Tacitus Butterfly + « » 0 « @ « « 4ebra Turbo, Zebra Tarbo « « « «© «+ ee eo © @ e of e- Plate 120 133 128 144 124 117. 141 135 126 129 134 181 A vixeiayd ailiga 6 a as La scidoaie ane wes Ee 2 gia 30%) y S signal it agi mae af Batioge bes, Ota 109 London Pub as the Aci directs iy Fl Donovan &Me/s™ Simphin &Marshall Apri 1.1025 — THE NATURALIST’S REPOSITORY, (Xe. K“e. SC. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CIX. PAPILIO DECIUS DECIUS BUTTBPERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. NYMPHALES. VOL. IV. B PLATE CIX. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings tailed, with a common white band : posterior ones rufous at the tip, with an eye and two dots of white. Papitio Decius: alis caudatis: fascia communi alba, posticis apice rufis: ocellis punctisque duobus albis: Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. n. 67. n. 210. PapiLio Decius: Cram. Nat. 10. tab. 114. fig. A. B. PapiLio Decius: Drury Ins. tom. 3. tab. 6. f. 1. SEE (IEEE pres SS SES A native of Guinea. We possess a specimen of this very rare insect that was taken in Africa, and as we were assured, at the distance of many miles inland, by a gentleman attached to a mission sent towards the interior, from the Gold Coast. ‘There was also an example of this insect in the cabinet of the late Mr. Drury, which he received from Sierra Leone. This is an insect of conspicuous magnitude, and appearance rather remarkable. The prevailing colour above is greyish brown, black, white, blue, and rufous brown, and each of those colours occupy a distinct space, which together produce an effect of some ENTOMOLOGY. singularity. Thus the anterior wings are greyish brown at the base, the exterior half black, and the two spaces separated by a broad white band, having a narrow stripe of blue on the interior edge or . margin ; the posterior half of the lower wings are rufous, varied with black, marked with a transverse black band and two ocellar spots of white; and lastly, it may be observed, that the broad white band which crosses the middle of the first wings, commences at the anterior margin, and after passing over the posterior margin, extends as far as the middle of the lower wings. ‘The appearance of the lower surface is no less remarkable; the prevailing colour is brown, but both the upper and lower wings are marked across the middle with a broad paler band, the inner half of which is pale yellow, the outer half blueish grey. There are also a few lunar marks of pale blue, and a row of white dots at the posterior extremity. oy @ y at 4 ENTREE OT LR ee L110 ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE Cx. LIBELLULA CHZRULEA CHRULEAN DRAGON-FLY NEUROPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth armed with jaws, more than two in number, lip divided, antennz very thin, filiform and shorter than the thorax: wings ex- panded : tail of the male furnished with a forked process. * Lip bifid, Agrion. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Thorax with three yellow lines: body linear, black: wings hyaline, with a broad blue transverse band near the tip. LIBELLULA C&RULEA: thorace lineis tribus flavis: corpore nigro : alis hyalinis: fascia versus apicem transversa, lata czerulea. LIBELLULA C&RULATA! Drury Ins. 3. tab. 50. f- 1. PLATE CIX. This is a grand and very beautiful species of the Libellula tribe, and one moreover of considerable rarity. ‘Mr. Drury presents us with a figure of this insect in the last plate of his concluding volume, informing us at the same time that he had received it from the Bay of Honduras, and that it is an undoubted non-descript. This ob- servation is certainly well-founded ; it had not appeared in any pre- ceding publication, not even in that of Fabricius, who had devoted so much attention to the insects of that Cabinet in particular. Mr. Drury, in the index to the volume in which it is noticed, calls it Libellula Ceerulata, but without assigning any specific character to the species. From the MSS. of this entomologist, in our own pos- session, we obtain some further information on the subject than appears in the work; the insect was numbered ‘79 in his cabinet, and has the following observation annexed to it—“ Libellula Ceerulata— Muskito Shore. Mr. Shakespear, 1779.” The figure in the annexed plate is copied from the specimen which Mr. Drury mentions. It is considered to the present time, notwithstanding the researches of many travellers in that part of the globe where this specimen was discovered, as a very scarce insect. 27 London Lub. as the Act directs ay LE. Donovan & els Simplean &Marchall. Amril 7 7828. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CXI. CONUS GEOGRAPHICUS GEOGRAPHIC CONE UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, convolute, turbinate: aperture effuse, longitudi- nal, linear, without teeth, with the base entire : pillar lip smooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell oblong, gibbous, crowned : aperture gaping. CONUS GEOGRAPHICUS ; testa-oblonga gibba coronata, apertura dehiscente. Gmel. Syst. Nat. t. 1. p. 6. 3396. 65. A picturesque species of the Conus tribe, emphatically denomi- nated, in allusion to the map-like distribution of its markings, Conus PLATE CIX, Geographicus. ‘The ground colour is pale, or whitish, sometimes tinged with faint reddish, and the spire with a rosy hue; the spots are chesnut, and of no very determinate form, being intersected with waves and spots of the paler hue in an irregular manner. The tout ensemble of those variations, are, however, pleasing, and the shell itself is of a size too conspicuous to be neglected in a cabinet of conchology ; it is represented in its natural size in the annexed plate. Gmelin, speaking of this species, says ‘* Habitat rarior in Oceano Indico et Africano.” It is now well known as a native of the Indian and African oceans, and is not particularly uncommon. cat 4, * lursitte Bai Mali Fe ; i eta London tub as the Act darects by E. Donovan & Ud/:"'Semphin & Marshall, May 7, 1026. ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE CXII. CERTHIA CHRYSOTIS YELLOW-EARED CREEPER on HONEY-EATER Picz. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill arched, slender, somewhat triangular, pointed: tongue various, generally pointed : feet formed for walking. ‘4 SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Cimereous brown, beneath white, behind the ears an ovate golden yellow spot, with a spot of black over it. VOL. IV. C PLATE CXII. CERTHIA CHRYSOTIS: cinereo, subtus alba macula pone, aures ovata aurea alteraque, superius nigra. Lath. Suppl. Ind. Orn. 1}. 169. 332. CERTHIA CHRYSOTIS, YELLOW-EARED CREEPER. Ibid. MeELLivorus CurysorTis, Lath. Hist. Birds. Vol. 4. p. 197. HEORO-TAIRE GRIS, Vis. Dor. 11.122. pl. 84. This bird inhabits the forests of New South Wales; feeds om insects, fruits, and various kinds of berries, and is most commonly observed among the white cedar trees, the berries of which appear to be its most grateful food. The length of our example of the species is six mches and a quarter. 3 Londoi: Fxb. as the dct direck by R.Donovan & Mes Sanphin & Murshall, May 1.1825 ee ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXIIL PAPILIO ELEUS ELEUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. *& PESTIVE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND ‘SYNONYMS. The anterior pair black, with a white band: margin of the posterior ones black, with white dots. PAapILio ELEvs: alis integerrimis fulvis: margine atro ; anti- carum fascia, posticarum punctis albis. abr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. pol. 51. 156. PapPiLio ELEUS: Jon. jig. pict. 5. tab. 22. fig. 2. Drury Ins. 3. pl. 12. fig. 1.2. PLATE CXIII. ‘The upper as well as lower surface of this very beautiful and scarce Papilio being represented in the annexed plate, any minute description of its colours, marks, and general appearance might be deemed superfluous. The figures are faithful copies of the drawings of Mr. Jones, to which Fabricius refers for the species. The insect — from which those drawings were taken constituted part of the scientific cabinet of Mr. Jones, but it was not, as Fabricius informs us, a native of America, but of Africa. Mr. Jones received it from Mr. Smeathman, who met with it at Sierra Leone. Mr. Drury also received another specimen from the same intelligent collector, which had been taken by himself likewise, at the same time and place. The description and figure of this latter acquisition appeared in the third volume of Drury’s Exotic Entomology, and is slightly adverted to by Fabricius, but without any reference to the plate in which it iscontained, That nodoubt may remain as to the accuracy of our correction of this error in the Fabrician writings, we shall subjoin the entry of this interesting insect from the original manu- scripts in the hand-writing of Mr. Drury. Dan. Fest. 15. 285. Eveus WN. Phal. Sierra Leone. Mr. Smeathman, 1774. From this note, in addition to the information we were favoured with by Mr. Jones, it becomes obvious, that Fabricius was entirely mistaken in describing Papilio Eleus as an American insect. It appears unquestionably, upon the authority of Mr. Drury, to be a native of Africa, and that he obtained it from Mr. Smeathman, the traveller, who had himself taken it in that region of the globe. Mr. Drury, who had considered it as one of the Nymphales Phalerati, has after- wards placed it with the Danai Festivi, and the numbers annexed in the MSS. refer to the particular space in the drawer in which it was stationed, the loth specimen, No 285 of the Nymphales Festivi, TS £, Donovan 4 Uefs ey: LondonLub.as the Act directs b, ‘Stmpkin be-larshall May 7 1825. ZOOPHY TES. PLATE CXIV. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA var FLAVA FILIFORM GORGONIA, YELLOW war. ZOOPHYTES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal growing in the form of a plant : stem coriaceous, corky, woody, horny, bony, or testaceous, composed of glassy fibres, or like stones, striate, tapering, dilated at the base, covered with a vascular or cellular flesh or bark, and becoming spongy and friable when dry. Mouths covering the surface of the stem polypiferous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Branched, with divaricate erect subdivisions, each marked with two furrows : florets white, in irregular rews : flesh purple or yellow: bone black and horny. PLATE CIX, GoRGONIA CERATOPHY'TA : subdichotoma, axillis divaricatis, ramis virgatis bisulcatis, cortice rubro vel flavo, poris bifaris. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA: Gmel. S800. 6. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA : Horned Gorgonia. Soland. ad Ellis Coral. p. 81. n. 1. & 12. f. 2.8. Seba Mus. 3. t. 107. n. &. Under the indiscriminate appellation of “sea-weeds and shrubs,” the ‘generality of mankind scarcely ever fail to confound two classes of the marine productions, the Algze Fuci and Conferve of the sea, which are strictly of the vegetable kind, and those extra- ordinary aggregations of living animals the Gorgonie, and other flexible Zoophytes that partake of the same analogies. It must be allowed, that if we regard only the general appear- ance, there is nothing more rational than the conclusion, that beings partaking of the same external form may be of the same kindred kind. Many of the Zoophytes of the tribe adverted to, have the appearance of shrubby vegetables, and their association in the same element with the vegetables peculiar to that element, renders the similitude still more striking; that they are not, however, of the same natural family or class is known to every naturalist, notwith- standing this resemblance, and when the characters by which they are defined be considered duly, it will be obvious to every one that they are very distinct. ZOOPHYTES. T'o demonstrate the nature of that vitality which vegetables possess, is not within the compass of our present design, The casual observer is too apt to ascribe to this class of the creation no other vital princifal than that of “ vegetation,” or in other words, a gradual development or expansion of its limbs, from the germina- tion of the seed throughout the various stages of its increase in growth, tillit arrives at full maturity. We have long since shewn that the life of vegetation differs little from the vitality of the animal creation ; it resides in certain principles of the organization which are best understood by the effects produced in the existence of the indivi- dual; a vitality that is sustained by the due propulsion and circula- tion of the natural fluids and secretions of the respective beings, and which can be interrupted only at the expence of existence in the vegetable as well as animal frame. There are many other points of analogy between the animal and vegetable system, but it is still certain, that however closely they approximate, nature has drawn a line of demarkation between them, and that the characters of each are sufficiently definitive for every useful purpose of classification. The skeleton or bone of the Gorgoniez presents us with an — appearance so completely vegetable, that were we ignorant of its organization in the living state, we might readily mistake it for a ramose or shrubby plant despoiled of its foliage and cortex. When clothed with flesh, it resembles a shrub, covered with bark, some- what more regularly impressed with equi-distant pores than usual ; but the twigs of plants are formed by the progressive protrusion of the vegetable matter in the individual sending forth its secretions towards the extremities of its frame ; the twigs of the Gurgoniz, on the contrary, are the work of numerous animals, operating 11 PLATE CXIV. concert, or at least, this is the usually received conclusion. But we are not to deny that here again there may be a nearer approximation to the vegetable economy than is at first imagined, for each of the Gorgoniz may be in reality a single animal, and the numerous polypil which reside in the fleshy covering, only so many sucker mouths or organs of the same aggregated animal, adapted for the capture of the animalcules which reside in the water, and constitute its food. In forming either of those opinions the analogies of nature are sufficiently numerous and well-known to justify, at least, a general conclusion. The aggregated body of the Tenia, or tape-worms, which consist of many hundred joints, and have two distinct mouths in every joint, is an example too remarkable to be forgotten. Perhaps it may not be amiss in this place to say a few words further, in order to assist the minds of these who have not hitherto considered the subject, and which may enable them in some degree to determine whether the Gorgonie, like plants, constitute each a single individual, or are an aggregation of beings, having no other relation with each other than that of residing in the same societies. This will be best conceived by relating the manners of the Gorgoniz in their living state, and in their native element. When in a dormant or quiescent state, those animal beings, the Gorgoniz, have no other motion than that of vegetables, when their blossoms are expanded, they resemble flowery plants, but their animal nature remains no longer doubtful when the polypes are prompted to exert themselves in the capture of their fosd: the blossoms are then in motion, and seem to betray paracthins as well as animation. ZOOPHY TES. Those blossoms are then distinctly perceived to be the organs of living beings, nor is it further doubtful that their food consists of the myriad race of minor creatures which inhabit the same briny element as itself, and which it ensnares and seizes on by the assistance of those organs. In a quiescent state, the situation of the Polypes can be dis- covered only by the numerous pores or openings already mentioned, and which are symmetrically arranged over the whole surface, but when the Polypes are proceeding to exert themselves, they are observed protruding their limbs through the openings, and as each resides in a distinct cell, they are pretty equally distributed over the surface, 'Those Polypes appear to act independently of each other, some being in motion whilst others lie dormant, or concealed. When first protruded from their cell, they each resemble the bud of | a flower, and, not perceiving any danger, the blossoms gradually expand; these become at length a complete animal flower, and in this state the briskness of their motions, in seizing the animalculz that swim near them, is very conspicuous. The approach of any larger animal, or of other danger or annoyance, is at once perceived by the Gorgoniz, and the polypiferous flowers are immediately withdrawn within the aperture. We have thus far spoken in general terms of this curious tribe of animated shrubs, the species of which are numerous, and of which some kinds are found in every known sea. The species which is the immediate ubject of our present observation, is a native of the Bahama Islands and other parts uf the West Indies, and is the Gorgonia’ Ceratophyta of Linneus. It grows in tufts about YOu. Ly. D PLATE CXIV. one or two feet in height, and includes several distinct varieties, of which the purple kind is the most frequent. The particular kind shown in our present plate is the variety of a yellow colour. Those Gorgoniz flourish in great profusion affixed to the rocks and stones at the bottom of the water, where they form extensive sub-marine groves or shrubberies in the sea, and from their lively contrast of colours, present a very gay appearance, when they appear in view as the tide retires. The figure in the annexed plate is seen without any of the animal flowers, the appearance the species assumes as before observed while the Polypes remain quiescent in their cells. When exerted in search of prey, the stems assume the flowery aspect represented in one of the lower twigs. The animals in this species are small, but appear to peculiar advantage when deeply magnified, as may be conceived from the enlarged figures shewn at the bottom of the plate. One of these figures represents an animal of this form, protruded in a bud-like form, from the opening of its cell, another has the arms extended in the attitude of waiting to seize its prey, assuming at such times precisely the character of an octo- petalous flower, and a third has the blossom partly retracted, its petals closing, and the animal preparing to retire into its cell. Pad “Simphin &e Marshall June 7 i825. London Pub. as the Act directs by EF. Donovan &Mefs ZOOPHY TES. PLATE CXYV. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA var RUBRA FILIFORM GORGONIA RED var. ZOOPHYTES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal growing in the form of a plant: stem coriaceous, corky, woody, horny, bony, or testaceous, composed of glassy fibres, or like stones, striate, tapering dilated at tne base, covered with a vascular or cellular flesh or bark, and becoming spongy and friable when dry. Mouths covering the surface of the stem. Polypiferous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Branched, with divaricate erect subdivisions, each marked with | two furrows: florets white, in irregular rows: flesh purple, (or yellow) bone black or horny. GoRGONIA CERATOPHYTA : subdichotoma, axillis divaricatis, ramis virgitas bisuleatis, cortice rubro (vel flavo) poris bifariis. PLATE CXYV. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA : Gmel. 3800. 6. GORGONIA CERATOPHYTA: Horned Gorgonia. Soland and Ellis Coral: p. 81. 0. 1.6, 12. f, 2.3; Seba Mus. 3 t. 107. n. 3. The preceding plate, No. 114, was appropriated to the represen- tation of the yellow variety of the Gorgonia Ceratophyta, that which is figured in the present plate is the more common kind and type of the species, the variety which has the flesh of a purple colour. There are some slight differences between those two kinds, but which are much too inconsiderable to be regarded as specifical dis- tinctions. The red or purplish variety is less filiform, or slender in the branches generally, than the yellow kind, but not invariably so; for we have an example now before us in which the contrary is demonstrated in a most satisfactory manner ; it is, an individual arising from a single stem, the branches of which are some yellow, the others red, not promiscuously intermingled, but pretty equally divided, all the branches of one principal limb being yellow from its junction with the main stem to the utmost extremities, and those of the others red, in the same manner. The Florets are white. After the preceding observations, it will be superfluous to add that both the yellow and red variety inbabit the same seas; they are found on the shores of the Bahama Islands, and other parts of the West Indian Seas. 1/06 Londen lub. as the Act directs by £ Denovan &Mefs!"S: wnpkin & Marshall. June 7.1886. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXVI. PAPILIO CASTOR CASTOR BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. Pap. NYMPH. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings dentated, two tailed, fulvous with black margin ; beneath a white band, and spots of white, including a black spot. _ PAPILIO CASToR: alis dentato bicaudatis fulvis margine nigris : subtus fascia maculisque albis nigra foetis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. 196. PLATE CXVI, This choice and very beautiful species of Butterfly is a native of Africa, the original specimen from which our drawing is taken was brought from Guinea, and constituted a species in the rich cabinet of Mr. Drury, under the name of Papilio Camillus; and it was under this appellation that Mr. Drury describedjit. Fabricius aware that Cramer had previously denominated the same insect Papilio Castor, conceived it better to retain it under that name, and refer the appellation Camillus to another species. This he has done, and thus the present insect is recorded in his works as Papilio Castor, while the name Camillus is given toavery different insect. The Papilio Camillus of Fabricius is a species of small size, not hitherto noticed by any other than this last mentioned writer, it is one of the African species, of the Banksian Cabinet, and may be deemed of sufficient interest to deserve insertion at some future period in the present publication. Our present insect Papilio Castor, is a species of very consider- — able rarity. tr tiuh. as the Act devrects by E, Donowan 4 Mes.” Semphar ke Marshall. June 1.7825. wy ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE CXVILI. ALCEDO RUDIS BLACK ann WHITE KING’S FISHER Pica. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill triangular, thick, strait, long and pointed: tongue fleshy, very short, flat, and pointed: feet generally gressorial. SPECIFIC CHARACTER . AND SYNONYMS. Tail long: above veined with black and white, beneath white. AucEepo Rupis: macroura nigra albido varia subtus alba. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 181. 12—Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 157.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 247. 4. » PLATE CXVII. Ispida ex albo et nigro varia. Briss. 4. p. 520. 24. t. 39. f. 2. Id. 800. 11. p. 190. Le Martin pécheur Pie. Buff. VII. p. 185.—Pl. Enl. 62. BLACK AND WHITE Kineo’s FISHER. Edwards av. t. 9. A. native of Africa and Asia, and is believed to be an inhabitant of Jamaica, and other islands in the West Indies. The length of this curious bird is eleven inches, Lonitlon. Lich. ws the Act derects by E. Donovan & Mls” Semfokin Marshall. Judy 7. (E25 CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CXVIII. PECTINARIA GUILDINGII GUILDING’S PECTINARIA SABELLA LINN. UNIVALVE. AMPHITRITE.—/am. PECTINARIA. Lamarck. GENERIC CHARACTER. PECTINARIA. Shell conic, subcylindrical, single, or detached, and composed of sandy particles and broken shells, agglutinated together by means of a membranaceous or papyraceous cement. Animal large and obtuse in front, tapering gradually, and becoming pointed behind; front with two brilliant gold-coloured pectinated tufts: mouth lengthened, bilabiate, and surrounded | with numerous short tentacula, and four tufted branchie behind? upon the second and third segment of the body. On each side of every articulation of the body, a setiform gland; the bristles short and fasciculate. VOL. 1V. Li) PLATE CXVIII. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Tube, or shell broad, conic, composed of sandy particles. PECTINARIA GUILDINGII: testa lata, conica, ex arenulis con- texta. AMPHITRITE: Clirris utrinque binis radiis frontalibus aureo splendissimis fronte plana: membrana ciliata tentaculis qui plurimis os tegentibus. ZL. Guild- ing, M.S. Linn. Soc. eee For our knowledge of this most interesting addition to the family of Linnean Sabella, and to the family Pectinaria of the Amphitrites of Lamark, we are indebted to the kindness of the Rev. Lansdown Guilding, B.A. and Fellow of the Linnean Society; a gentleman resident at St. Vincents in the West Indies ; and by whom it was discovered in the deep waters of the sea surrounding that island. 'This information was communicated in a valuable paper presented some time ago to the Linnean Society, and read in its due course, on the [9th of March, 1821; and in conformity with the resolutions of the Council, was deposited with its explanatory draw- ing in the Archives of the Society. A few months since, the Reverend author of the paper, was obliging enough to request tne _ Society, toallow the manuscript and the drawing, together with some other of his communications, to be placed in our possession ; with permission to select from them, and publish in our Repository, what- ever information they might happen to contain that we should deem applicable to our purpose ; a favour to which the Council was pleased ee CONCHOLOGY. to accede, upon the implied condition, that they were to be restored when we had fully availed ourselves of the information they would ‘afford us, and this condition of course has been fulfilled ; the papers and the drawings have been copied with fidelity , and being returned, are now deposited as before, among the manuscripts of the Society. From the recital of these circumstances, it will be obvious to the scientific reader, that he has only to thank us for our endeavours to contribute to his knowledge, by the insertion of the article in our publication. He is indebted entirely to the liberality of the Linnean ‘Society, and to the good wishes of the author of the communications, for permitting the publication. We believe it to be a new and hitherto undescribed species; and under that impression, have no hesitation in assigning it the specific name of Guildingii, in compli- ment to the gentleman, through whose attention to the science of of Natural History it was first intruduced to the notice of the learned world. This animal, asit has been well observed by Mr. Guilding, bears a strong resemblance to Amphitrite auricoma, but is nevertheless distinct. By Amphitrite auricoma we conclude the author of the paper adverts to the Zoologia Danica, and im that particular the observation is correct. TheAwphitrite auricoma ofMiiller is the animal inhabitant of the arenaceous tube, called by Linnzeus and the Linnean School, Sabella Belgica, and which we have ourselves met with very rarely in aliving state, after a storm, upon our own coast. We are thus assured from our own experience of the accuracy of the remark of Mr. Guilding, ‘but, we may also add, that the new species bears a yet more close approximation to the Amphitrite Capensis, than to / PLATE CXVIII. Sabella Belgica, the auricoma of the Zoologia Danica. There are now, including the species Pectinaria Guildingii, three species of the tribe of Amphitrite that appear to be more analogous to each other than either of the rest, and which may be perhaps considered as the whole amount of the true species of this family at present known : these are Pectinaria Belgica, Capensis, and the third species Guild- ingii, which is now added to the number. Each of those possess characters that are specifically distinct, and among others, they offer one by which they may be distinguished even by the casual observer, without descending to the less obvious characters, by which the respective species are discriminated. The Pectinaria Belgica is of a linear form, and the shelly or arenaceous habitation of sufficient di- mensions only to accommodate the body, and this is therefore linear also; or in other words a subconical cylinder, having the interior part of the shell rather larger, and tapering gradually to the posterior extremity, Pectinaria Capensis is abouttwice the breadth of Belgica, while the length is only the same. Our present species is rather more considerable in point of size, and 1s, in proportion to its length, nearly twice the breadth of Capensis, or at least thrice that of Belgica, and has the sandy habitation broad and bulky in proportion. We believe our readers are well persuaded that few authors would more cautiously abstain from every kind of mnovation upon the established arrangements of preceding Naturalists than ourselves, or any one be less inclined to adopt changes that should appear to our- selves unnecessary, if not trivial, at the same time that we are ever disposed to approve of such amendments as in the present state of science may be deemed desirable. It is obvious to our view that the genus Sabella, as proposed by Linnzus, is not precisely what the accu- | CONCHOLOGY. racy of scientific discrimination may demand ; it is heterogeneous, and unnatural, and in the aggregated form in which his annotatur Gmelin has left the genus, in the last edition of Systema Nature it is still more exceptionable. He allows of no distinction founded on the character of the animal inhabitant beyond its being a nereis, a molluscous animal, or worm, defined as having a ringent mouth and two thicker tenta- cula behind. But to those who have an opportunity of examining those various animals that are thus designated in general terms, the Nereides, it must be obvious, that however obscure their characters’ they are materially distinct: the investigation of them is unquestion- ably attended with difficulties, but those difficulties are not msur- mountable, The solitary Sabellze such as our present species, and the Sabellee that associate together in masses as the Sabella alveolata, present: an obvious difference in the structure of their habitations; and the animal has been also found to possess characters that remove them yet further from the solitary Sabellze. Considerable caution is also requisite in the examination of the Gmelinian Sabellee, lest we include the larvae of certain insects that reside in the fresh waters, and.of which the Ephemere are definitive examples; some of those inhabit an elongated, or cylindrical case, or covering composed of sandy particles and other adventitious matter; the fragments of aquatic shells, or the smaller shells entire, and others again the twigs or stems of aquatic plants and fragments of reeds, and even grass. And there is some reason to apprehend that a few of those supposed fresh water Sabellz already described may hereafter prove to be in reality no other than the larve of the Ephemera, Phryganee, and other similar tribes of insects, that usually reside in watery places, The definitions of Lamarck are more explicit ; the true Sabella, or in other words, the animals of this kind that inhabit the marine PLATE CXVIII. element, and can be comprehended under one general family, ‘he denominates Amphitrites. 'Those Amphitrites have the tube mem- branaceous or horny, and are more or less arenaceous. ‘The animal has the branchiz disposed at the anterior extemity, and are not divided or covered with an operculum. f The Amphitrites he separates into four divisions,the first of which are distinguished by having the branchize short, and never advanced, and thetentacula short or wanting. This section includes the Pectinaire and the Sabellaire. In the second family, the tentacula are of a very large size, and advance in front in the form of an aigrette, or as a fan shaped plume; this comprises the Terebella, and the section to which the former name of Amphitrite is retaed. This arrangement so far as it proceeds appears satisfactorily, and it is for this reason that we adopt the Pectinaire as a generical distinction, for the new species, that is the immediate object of our present discussion- | It has been already stated that this animal inhabits the deep waters of the sea. ‘The length is two inches and three lines; the body pale, somewhat gelatinous and attenuated behind ; feet on each side fourteen, and terminating in tufts of bristles of a splendid golden colour: scutum of the head somewhat heart-shaped and radiated, and which, when the animal lies within its arenaceous covering, serves as a shield or protection tothe opening* ~ *In Pectinaria Capensis we observe some provision of nature analogous to this; it isnot a true operculum, but the obtuse front, that presenting itself at the opening of the shell, is of sufficient strength to protect the animal within. CONCHOLOGY. * The figure in the annexed plate, distinguished by a single star, presents a dorsal view of the animal, as it lies within its shell, com- posed of sandy particles. ** The animal drawn out of the shell, which is then perceived to be gelatinous ; this also is a dorsal view. *** The under surface or belly of the animal; and in this the situation and form of the peduncles or feet are more completely shewn than in the second dorsal view. **** One of the peduncles, terminating in the tuft of bristles, that ‘serve the animal as feet. *#***'T he anterior part of the head considerably enlarged, shewing the two pectinated tufts of a splendid gold colour, which stand in front of the head, and partially conceal the tentacula. oc n f he Y ED TE - ie < > YS . i} London lub. as the Act directs by £ Donovan. & Mes ” Sumphir. 8 Marshall ) Sune, 1 1825. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXIX. PAPILIO HONORIUS HONORIUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire blue: tip of the anterior pair black, costal rib brown ; posterior wings dotted with black at the base, and striated at the tip. Papitio HonoRIvus: alis integerrimis cceruleis: anticis apice atris costaque fusca, posticis basi nigro punctatis apice striatis. abr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. 151. n. 464. Paritio Honorivus: Jon. fig. pict. 6. tab. 67. fig 1. VoL 6 1 Vv. Fr PLATE CXIX, A rare species, at present known only to Naturalists from the descriptions left us in the writings of Fabricius ; for the figure of the insect has not hitherto appeared in the works of any author. Fabricius describes it from the drawings of Mr. Jones, and the specimen from which the drawings were taken, in the cabinet of the same gentleman. Our figures in the annexed plate, which represent as well the upper as the lower surface, are copied from the drawings of Mr. Jones; the sole authority, as it hence appears, upon which the species intended by Fabricius, can now be positively ascertained. The native place of Papilio Honorius is unknown. It may be added, as a general description of this insect, that the prevailing colour on the upper surface is blue, with the tip of the first pair black : the anterior margin brown ; and anirregular flexuous band of the same colour, crossing the anterior wings obliquely ; the latter passes from the middle of the costal rb, towards the tip, and thus encloses a distinct space of blue, independently of the blue space of the inner half of the wing. The under surface differs, in being of a brown colour instead of blue; with a band of white on the anterior pair, and four spots of blue towards the base: there are also afew spots of black towards the base of the lower wings. 120 London [ub as the Act darects by £, Donovan & Mefs *Sonpkhin & Marshall, June] 1626. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXX. PAPILIO LYSIMNIA LYSIMNIA BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips and usually terminating in a club ; wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings oblong, entire fulvous, band yellow, at the tip black : anterior pair with a white spot. Pariuio LysiMNnia : alis oblongis mtegerrimis fulvis: fascia flava apice nigris: anticis macula alba. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. 498. n. 161. Jon. fig. pict. 2. tab. 8. PLATE CXX. Papilio Lysimnia is another of those very doubtful species of the Papilio tribe wnich Fabricius describes, but of which there is no other memorial now extant except the hitherto unpublished drawings of the late Mr. Jones. ‘This will be perceived by the entomologist upon referring to the Fabrician writings. The figure in the upper part of the plate is copied from the original drawings. The lower figure, at the bottom of the plate, would be no less a faithful copy of the upper surface, if it exhibited no trace of the marginal row of white spots, upon the exterior border of the lower wings, for in that drawing the border is immaculate *. Our reason for this deviation from the original design does not arise from any doubt of the accuracy of the original drawing, it is merely intended to exemplify a new variety of the same species that has lately occurred to obser- vation, and which differs in no respect from the other, except in this particular. We have no information upon which we can implicitly rely respecting the native country of this elegant Papilio. The insect represented in the centre of the plate, and which appears to differ only in a very trifling degree, is from India, and the knowledge of this fact induces us to conclude that the particular kind or variety named Lysimnia by Fabricius, may be also from the same country. In offering the insect, represented in the centre of the plate, as a probable variety, or rather, as it may be presumed, the female of * Fabricius notices the same circumstance in the species Pap. Mopsa, for in some specimens the white marginal dots which are conspicuous on the borer of the lower surface, are wanting in the upper surface. “ Variat rarius punctis albis tantum in pagina inferiore.” ee ENTOMOLOGY. P. Lysimnia, it should be observed that the females are usually larger than the males throughout this tribe, but that their colours are in general less vivid, which is not observable in the supposed female of the species now before us: it may possibly be another species, at the same time that it must be confessed the affinity between the two is SO very approximate that we shall not venture to separate them. There is evidently in nature a family of this division of the Heli- conii, in which there are at least twenty analogous species, that differ from each other only in certain slight particulars; some of those are assuredly varieties only, while others possess characters that prove them to be specifically distinct. Thus, the insect in the middle of our plate may be readily mistaken for Papilio Honoria of Cramer, (P. Mopsa, of Linnzus), they accord in size and general appearance, yet there is a difference, and such, as when attentively examined, can be considered only as specifical distinctions. ‘There is one character, in particular, that claims especial notice, namely, the form and dis- position of the black lines and spaces on the lower wings, the appear- ance of which is very remarkable. It is from the figure and disposition of the black spaces on the disk of the lower wings that several of the approximating species may be best distinguished. del London lid. as the Aut directs by L Donovan & My" Sanphin Marshall, Aug. L825, ZOOPHY TES. PLATE CXXTI. GORGONIA FLAMMEA FIERY-RED GORGONIA ZOOPHYTES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal growing in the form of a plant : stem coriaceous, corky, woody, horny, bony, or testaceous, composed of glassy fibres, or like stones, striate, tapering, dilated at the base, covered with a vascular or cellular flesh or bark, and becoming spongy and friable when dry. Mouths covering the surface of the stem polypiferous, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Compressed, ramose and somewhat pinnate; bone flat, horny ; flesh scarlet, covered with minute mouths. GORGONIA FLAMMEA: compressa ramosa subpinnato, osse com- planato, corneo carne miniata osculis creberrimis parvis notata. Soland. and Eilis Coral. p. 80: n.2. t. LI: GoRGONIA FLAMMEA: Gmel. Syst. Nat. t. 1. p. 6. 3801. 21. PLATE CXXI. This kind of Gorgonia is a native of the seas surrounding the promontory of the Cape of Good Hope, and far surpasses, in the brilliancy of its colour, every other species of this tribe of Zoophytes. The colour, which in the dried state is of a fine scarlet, is of a vivid red, resembling the red flame of fire, when in the living state. The whole surface of the species is beset with fine punctures or openings, which are of an oblong form, and are larger and more sparingly disposed on the main stems than on the smaller ones. aS EATON Londonlub. as the Act directs by LE. Donovan & Me/s “imphin & Marshall Aug, 7, Laas a Ye ill ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXII | LOCUSTA CAMELLIFOLIA, Fem. SHOCK-SHOCK LOCUST, Female HEMIPTERA, Linn. Utonata, Fabr. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head inflected, armed with jaws, feelers filiform: antenne setaceous or filiform: wings four, deflected, convolute, the lower ones plaited: hind legs formed for leaping: claws double on all the feet. GRYLLUS Linn. * Antenne setaceous; feelers unequal: male with an ocellate spot at the base of each wing-case : tail of the female armed with an ensiform projection. Locusta, Fabr. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Thorax deflected, wing.cases concave, rounded at the end, and longer than the wing. VOL. 1V. G PLATE CXXII. Locusta CAMELLIFOLIA : thorace deflexo, elytris concavis, apice rotundatis, alé longioribus. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 2 p. 35.—Spec. Ins. t. 1. p. 256, Mant. Ins. 1, p, 282. n. 4 GRYLLUS CAMILLIFOLIUS: Gmel. Linn. 2064. p. 96. Locusta siccifolia elytris maximis ovatis erectis foliaformibus. Degeer. Ins. 3. 438. 2. tab. 37. f. 5. Although we cannot introduce this singular species of the Locust tribe as an insect hitherto unnoticed, we may venture to observe, that it is one of those which is very little known, and of which the history has heretofore remained in much obscurity. It appears to have been first produced to the attention of the naturalist in the writings of Degeer, under the name of Locusta siccifolia ; Fabricius afterwards published a description of the insect under the name of Locusta Camellifolia, and after him Professor Gmelin inserted it in his edition of Systema Naturze, adopting the character given by Fabricius, but under the appellation of Gryllus (locusta) Camillifolius. Some time ago the Rev. Lansdown Guilding, A. B. F. L. S. and now resident at St. Vincent’s, in the West Indies, presented a wemoir, accompanied with a drawing of the two sexes of this remarkable locust, to the Linnzan Society ; this paper was read on the 18th of March, 1823, and subsequently in the last meeting of ENTOMOLOGY. the present year, (June, 1825), some additional observations which had been lately communicated on the subject by the same gentleman were also read in the Linnzan Society. ‘This memoir, together with the drawings, have been, at the request of the author and by per- mission of the Linnzan Society, transferred to our hands for the purpose of publication, and we have now the pleasure of submitting to our readers the copies of the drawings, together with such portions of the descriptive matter as we have deemed most applicable to the purpose of our publication ; the originals are of course returned as the property of the Linnzan Society, and are deposited in their library. , Nothing, says the Rev. author of this paper, can appear more extraordinary to the stranger on his first visit to the islands of those tropic regions than the swarms of luminous insects which sometimes illuminate the foliage of the trees in the evening, and which in their flight appear lke wandering stars ;* while the forests echo with the sounds of others in tones so loud and singular as to excite astonish- ment. ‘The luminous insects we apprehend to be of the Lampyris and Elater tribe, and probably some others with which we remain unacquainted ; the most remarkable of the sonorous kinds is the SS TS ae rae Tied SoMa eT ea * In Southern Europe such phenomena of the insect tribe are not altogether unknown, although the occurrence is far from common. The most familiar example of luminous insects in the British Isles is the ‘¢ Glow-worm,” or in the language of science “‘ Lampyris Noctiluca,” but in this species the female, which is luminous 1s apterous, or without wings, while the male, whichis winged, is not luminous, so that it is only upon the grassy turf or among the bushes that we observe those brilliant little beings of the insect race, and where from the slowness of their motions they appear nearly stationary. In Southern countries, on the contrary, there are PLATE CXXII. species of locust at present under our consideration. During the day-time it lies concealed among the trees, or Jow herbage amidst the rocks, for during that period it is mute, but when the sun is setting and evening comes on, its sounds commence, and the noise it pro- duces is so loud, that it may be heard at the distance of a mile from the spot where it lies concealed ; in the island of St. Vincent’s, where those insects inhabit the woody places among rocks, it is from this circumstance, in addition to the peculiar sound emitted, that the name of Shock-shock, which it bears, has been assigned to it. The unusual loudness of the sound produced by this insect, we may naturally conclude would engage the particular attention of the naturalist, and the memoir of Mr. Guilding affords us a very satisfactory explanation of the means by which it is occasioned. The generality of mankind would at once be led to expect, under all such circumstances, that the organs of sound were to be sought for in the mouth, but this idea is altogether unfounded, the organs of sound are seated at the base of the wing-cases, where one space of the wing-case of the right side is covered over by a corresponding portion of the wing-case of the left side, and it is the peculiar organ- ization of the two surfaces of this part, where they lie upon, or face several species of this tribe, the males of which are luminous as well as the females, and those in the evening, when on the wing among the trees, irradiate the foliage with their “fairy ” splendour, like a host of stars in ceaseless motion, and thus exhibit a scene of brilliancy a humble transcript of that observable in the tropic regions to which the author of the memoir adverts. We are quite aware that it is not the Lampyrides alone that enliven with their “ living fires ” the evening sylvan scenery of the West India islands, for there are other insects which possess the same property, and of which several kinds are distinctly well known. ENTOMOLOGY. each other, that produce by friction the sounds described. — In each surface this part presents a kind of ocellar spot with an uneven face, in some parts elevated, in others depressed, and the elevations in one accord exactly and bed into the depressions of the other when they are not in action; and very little exertion, it appears, when they act against each other is sufficient to produce those astonishing sounds for which this insect is so eminently distinguished. Those characteristic organs of sound which the Rev. Mr. Guilding notices so fully, are not indeed to be considered as peculiar to this species ; it is the distinctive mark of a natural tribe of the Locusta tribe, and which among modern systematists may be divided into several genera. We have long since published an account of two very curious species of this kind from the island of Ceylon, in our “‘ Natural History of the insects of India,’’ and we are well acquainted with others; but it must be allowed that Mr. Lansdown Guilding has described those organs and defined their use more fully than any of his predecessors, All insects, it may be presumed, possess the power of emitting sounds in a greater or less degree, and many are highly sonorous, but those sounds are by no means uniformly produced by the same means ; they differ in this respect materially, and it is such material deviations, as in the present instance, that deserve particular attention. The figures in the succeeding plate (123) represent the organs of sound, peculiar to the male insect, and which may be noticed in this place: that delineated on the left side is fig. 5, and on the opposite side is fig. 6, the description of which is thus given by Mr. Guilding in his manuscript. ‘“‘ Crepitaculum (instrumentum soni) ocellus subdiaphanus ad basin elytrorum. Fig. 4, 5, 6. maris. PLATE CXXII, Fig. 5. Elytrum dextrum aversa fascie vix auctum. - Fig. 6. Elytrum sinistrum aversa fascii, & ossiculum serratum rigidum quo sonus concitatur.” * —— Dum mas sic feminam silentim ad nuptias vocat, hemelytri dextra ora cornea, (fig. 4. a) sub interno margine serrato (fig. 6. 6.) baseos hemelytri sinistri colliditus : sonus que elytris (quod mirum) con- cavis reverberatur augetur. Dum qui escit basis elytri sinistri marginim baseos elytri dextri tegit.” The emission of this sound is no doubt intended in the great ordinance of nature to announce the presence of one sex to the other, and which it appears can be heard and understood by its mate at a considerable distance, and probably further off than any other of the insect race with which we were before acquainted. We have indeed in wandering through our European woods, distinguished the shrill sounds of Gryllus viridissimus, the Large Green Locust, at a distance very remote, but not assuredly at more than one fourth part of that at which the sounds of the Shock-shock of the West Indies can be discriminated. The peculiarities of this species, Locusta Camellifolia, are very remarkable, and the two sexes differ so materially that but for the * This incurvate bone having a serrated, or rather a crenate line down its centre, and which it appears is so essential to be understood in order to comprehend the true structure of this organ, and the means by which it pro- duces sound, may be readily distinguished in our plate by referring from the star along the dotted line, which points immediately to that remarkable OSSEOUS Process. ENTOMOLOGY. observations of Mr. Guilding we should not have known distinctly that these two insects are the sexes of the same species: they scarcely accord in any respect, except in the great length of the antennz, and which is indeed too considerable to escape immediate attention. It being impossible to include the two sexes of this insect in the same plate, we should observe that the present figure is that of the female insect, the male sex is given in the next succeeding plate (123), and it should be added, that in the original drawings the antennz are advanced forward ; but as those insects, like the rest of their tribe, have the power of reclining the antenne backwards as well as carrying them projecting in front, we have represented the antennze in a reclining position, for the convenience of shewing the antennz in their full extent, which would otherwise have been impracticable. gree ior} ¥ some PRES ye ht PAE ae IPO = eC ae Log. 6 my owapey wypluns fT uesoug ye he ap zope sv qn wpury ECL ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXIII. LOCUSTA CAMELLIFOLIA, Mas. SHOCK-SHOCK LOCUST, Male. HEMIPTERA, Linn. ULONATA, Faor. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head inflected, armed with jaws, feelers filtownae: antennze setaceous or filiform : wings four, deflected, convolute, the lower ones plaited : hind legs formed for leaping: claws double on all the feet. GRYLLUS, Linn. * Antennz setaceous: feelers unequal: male with an ocellate spot at the base of each wing-case : tail of the female armed with an ensiform projection. Locusta, Fabr. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Thorax deflected, wing-cases concave, rounded at the end, and longer than the wings. VOL. IV. H PLATE CXXIII. Locusta CAMELLIFOLIA: thorace deflexo, elytris concavis, apice rotundatis, ala longioribus. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 2. p. 35.—Spec. Ins. t. 2. p. 256.—Mant Ins. 1. p. 282. n. 4. GRYLLUS CAMELLIFOLIUS: Gmel. Linn. Syst. 2064. p. 96. From the description of the preceding plate it will be observed, — that the insect figured in the present instance is the male of Locusta Camellifolia ; the history of the species, so far as we are acquainted with it, is so amply noticed in the preceding pages, that we have nothing to add on this subject in speaking of the male sex ; we must beg leave to refer our readers to the description of the foregoing plate, observing only, that the organs of sound in this species, which constitute the most essential point of its history as they appertain to the male, will be found delineated in the plate now before us ’ 4 " 3 ‘ ‘ae Me . f t 4 ’ y iy ’ 7 r P ‘ gud ‘ . i Pd 4 e , x ‘ pS » . i ' Po : n F < i ; ” ' ye , q ‘ ‘ 5 ' ' \. \ ¢ ry . . ca : . } * “ i i U \ ‘ 4 f ns ; pi . ¢ ¥ Ne fondon lish. as the Act directs by EDonovan kMys”" Simphin PMarshall Sept. 7, 7825 | 1 ; i CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CXXIV. CARDIUM RACKETTII RACKETT’S COCKLE BIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, nearly equilateral, equivalve, generally convex, longitudinally ribbed, striated, or grooved, with a toothed margin : hinge with two teeth near the beak, and a larger remote lateral one each side, each fitting into the opposite hinge. Shell somewhat cordate, or heart-shaped, thin, whitish, with forty-seven obsoletely imbricated ribs. CARDIUM RACKETTII: testa subcordata, tenui, albida, sulcis 47 obsolete recurvato imbricatis. In one of our late numbers a new species of the Australasian Pectens was introduced to the attention of the public under the denomination of Ostrea Matonit, a compliment we were induced to PLATE CXXIV. bestow on Dr. W. G. Maton, vice-president of the Linnzan Society, a gentleman to whom the science of Natural History generally, and that of Conchology in particular, is known to lie under considerable obligations, and precisely the same motive inclines us in the present instance to commemorate the name of his very worthy friend, the Rev. Thomas Rackett, F. R. 8. L. S. &c. inasimilar manner. The names of Dr. Maton and Mr. Rackett are associated together as the well known coadjutors in the authorship of a very valuable paper on the subject of British Conchology inserted in the eighth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society ; it would there- fore be injustice, to have distinguished one of its writers, without awarding an equal testimony of our respect towards the other; and this especially, since both, we are persuaded, have deserved equally well-in the completion of those conchological observations that have appeared under their names conjointly. The shell denominated Ostrea Matonii, although perfectly dis- tinct from any species found in the British, or even European seas, bears a distant resemblance in certain particular characters to several of the British species: the same may be said precisely of the shell now before us, and which, as well as the former, is a native of the Australasian seas; it is for this reason, as in the preceding instanee, that the species is selected, the shells of the British Isles having been the peculiar obiects of investigation in the conchological paper referred to. Our present shell is undoubtedly an interesting addition to the cabinet of the European naturalist, and persuaded as we are that it has not been before described, we shall venture to announce it as a new discovery, under the name of Cardium . ~ Racketti. ae ENTOMOLOGY. To define the distinction of this shell from any of those peculiar to Europe, and which are found in the seas surrounding our coasts, it may be observed that it is as large as the ordinary growth of Cardium Echinatum, or rather more than one third of Cardium Aculeatum ; it has the contour of the former very exactly, but the ribs are far more numerous, amounting to forty seven in number, while in C. Echinatum they scarcely exceed eighteen, or in Aculeatum about twenty ; the ribs are neither raised into acute ridges, nor beset with spinous processes; they are only slightly elevated, rounded, and somewhat rough with obsolete recurvate transverse imbrications, as in the Common Cockle, Cardium Edulis. Cardium leevigatum, when very young, may be considered as one of the most thin and fragile of the British species of this family, but these are scarcely thinner in that early state of growth than our Cardium Rackettii when it has attained the full dimensions of the example represented in the annexed plate. ‘The outline of Cardium Levi- gatum, it may be added, also is much more elongated and oblique, or cuneated, and it may be unnecessary to pursue the comparison further, since there is still less accordance between the other British species and our present shell than is observable in those we have already mentioned. This new species of Cardium was received last year from New South Wales, where it was found with many other interesting objects now in our possession by Mr. Humphrey, resident in that colony. TFN WS ae od bole ial EN be i - 4 r 0s dy Mah ie oN FUGUES R se 7 Te FES EO * or Lonion [ub as the Art directs by E. Dencvan & life imfhin & Marshall, Sets J. 7895 ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXYV. PAPILIO CLYTEMNESTRA CLYTEMNESTRA BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tips and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. * NYMPHALES. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings angular, black, beneath spotted with white; upper pair with a yellow band above and beneath. PAPILIO CLYTEMNESTRA: alis angulatis nigris subtus albo maculatis ; anticis utrinque fascia flava. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p.1. n. 123. 375. PAPILIO CLYTEMNESTRA: Cram. Ins. t. 137 fig. A. B. —et. t. 364. fig. A. B. PLATE CXXV, An insect of considerable beauty found in Surinam. The upper surface is dark brown, with a broad band of pale yellowish white across the middle of the anterior wings. Beneath, the prevail- ing colour is chesnut, very prettily varied with shades and spots of black, and a few irregular patches of silvery white; but the most obvious character beneath, is the broad yellowish white band, which appears as well on the lower as on the superior surface. ZOOPHY TES. PLATE CXXVI. GORGONIA. SULPHUREA SULPHUR-COLOURED GORGONIA ZOOPHYTES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal growing in the form ofa plant, stem coriaceous, corky, woody, horny, bony or testaceous, composed of glassy fibres or like stones, striate, tapering, dilated at the base, covered with a vascular or cellular flesh or bark, and becoming spongy and friable when dry. Mouths covering the surface of the stem polypiferous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Entirely yellow, subdichotomous, much branched; florets crowded, somewhat conic, and gaping. GoRGONIA SULPHUREA : flava tota subdichotoma, ramossissima, floribus confertis subconicis hiantibus. . A native of the Brasilian sea, where it was discovered some years ago by an assiduous and intelligent collector of Natural VOL. IV. I PLATE CXXVI. History, Mr. Ribello, by whom it was brought to England, and communicated with many other very curious species of the Gorgonia tribe to Mr. George Humphrey ; and which at the dispersion of his collection have fallen into our possession. From every attention we have bestowed upon the subject this particular kind appears to be of a new species. We cannot perceive that it is included among the Gorgonie of Mr. Ellis and Dr. Solander, nor does it exactly correspond with any of the Gmelinian species; perhaps its characters assimilate with those of Gorgonia succinea of Pallas, or, judging from the description only, it might be mistaken for the Gorgonia verrucosa of our own seas, but the difference will be at once perceived when we have the opportunity of comparing the two kinds together. Among the specimens of our present species we possess two varieties, which are pretty distinctly marked as such by their appearance, one having the branches rather longer than the other. This elongated kind is represented in the upper part of the plate; the other, it will be observed, is more dwarf or shrubby, and has the branches shorter and more numerous. ‘The difference in colour is rather less material ; the first is of a paler hue, and has probably in some degree faded in colour, the other retains the lively tivits of a sulphureous hue, which is most probably the true colour of this Gorgonia in a living state; this we at least conclude from the name Sulphurea, assigned to it by Mr. Ribello, and still remaining in his hand-writing attached to the specimens. Tae 4 London Pub. as the Act darcets by E Donovan 4 Mes ” Siphon 4 Marshall, Oct. 1 1825. , - ee ee +o ome — — ZOOPHY TES. PLATE CXXVII. MADREPORA ANTHOPHYLLITES ANTHOPHYLLITE MADEPORE CoRAL. ZOOPHYTES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Coral, with lamellate star-shaped cavities. * Stems simple, and either solitary or fasciculate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Fasciculated, branches elongate, infundibuliform, attenuated below and erect ; star terminal, hemispherical and concave. MADREPORA ANTHOPHYLLITES: fasciculata, ramis elongatis, infundibuliformibus, inferné attenuatis, erectis ; stella terminali hemisphzerica concava. MapReEPora ANTHOPHYLLITES: Ellis and Soland. t. 29. p.151. CARYOPHYLLIA ANTHOPHYLLUM: Lamarck Anim. sass Vert. t. 2. p. 228. 9. PLATE CXXVITI, This curious species of the Coral tribe is an inhabitant generally of the Indian seas, where it occurs in clusters, sometimes of con- siderable magnitude ; that which we have represented is a small specimen, but which is amply sufficient in this respect to exemplify the peculiar character. It need be scarcely added, that although this species is found most commonly in small groups, it constitutes one of those numerous coralloid bodies, which by their aggregation form the submarine coral reefs or islands in the Indian seas so often the cause of shipwrecks, by emerging unexpectedly towards the surface; and the growth of which is frequently so rapid and extensive as to prove fatal to the best informed. 'The animal is a kind of polypiferous creature, and is furnished with eight plumose tentacula or feelers, re Bast fet Dre s f it wis Hs 728 Loniion Lith. as the act directs by E. Donovan & Mes “Sunpkin & Marshall. Oi. 1.7828. ORNITHOLOGY. PLATE, CXXVIII. MEROPS NUBICUS NUBIAN BEE-EATER Picz. GENERIC CHARACTER. ty Bill curved, quadrangular, compressed carinated, pointed: nostrils small, at the base of the bill: tongue slender, the tip generally jagged: feet gressorial. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Red, head, throat, and rump blue green ; tail somewhat forked. Mzrors Nusicus: ex ceruleo viridis subtus ruber, dorso, alis caudaque furcata lateritiis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. t. 1. p. 464. 14. MERoPrS CHRULEOCEPHALUS: ruber capite gulo, uropygioque ceruleo-viridis, cauda subforcipata. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 274, 14. BLUE-HEADED BrE-EATER: Lath. Syn. 11. p. 680. 13. PLATE CXXVIIL This beautiful bird is a native of Nubia, where it appears to have been discovered by the intrepid and intelligent traveller Mr. Bruce, who has left us a particular and very accurate descrip- tion of the species in the narrative of his Travels. The length of this bird is about ten inches, and its general appearance is sufficiently expressed in the specific character given by Dr. Latham, Gmelin, and others. The head, throat and rump are of a fine green, inclining to blue: the back, wings, and tail, adeep but not very brilliant red, the tint partaking of a dark or ruddy purplish hue; the breast and belly are also reddish, but more inclining to rosy. The bill is black, and the legs cinereous. 12g London. Lub. as the Let directs by E; Donovan ke Mefr” Simprhir E&-Marshiasl. Oct 1 Jb25. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXIX. PAPILIO SYLVESTER SYLVESTER BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tip, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. Dan. FEst. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings entire brown, with a macular white band, PAPILIO SYLVESTER: alis integerrimis fuscis: fascia maculari alba. abr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. pol. n, 41, 124. Jon. fig. pict. 3. t. 67. f. 2. Papilio Sylvester is an insect of conspicuous size, and by no means a common species. Its general aspect is not like many of its tribe, distinguished by any peculiarities of gay or splendid colouring ; PLATE CXXIX. © the prevailing tint is brown, but which is elegantly relieved by a number of oblong spots of white, disposed with much symmetry, especially upon the superior surface of the posterior wings, where they form a band composed of double white spots. The present figures, which represent as well the upper as the lower surface of Papilio Sylvester will be esteemed of some impor- tance in the consideration of the entomologist when he is reminded that this is one of the Fabrician species of the Papiliones long since des- cribed, but of which no figure has hitherto appeared in the work of any author; and, it may be added, that the figures are copied from the original insect described by Fabricius, in the cabinet of the late Wm. Jones, Esq. of Chelsea. The native country of this insect was unknown to Fabricius, nor are we yet entirely certain on this point; we believe it is from India. Mr. Jones was not himself acquainted with this particular. ee i eee ee A) Ay | Londonlub. as the Act cirects by E. Donovan LM ys.” “Somphin &Marshali Oct.I B85 a ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXX. PAPILIO LAODOCUS LAODOCUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tip, and usually terminating in a club: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. ~~ EQuites TROJANI. Ms ie ‘en - , ei Dy ge ™ SPECIFIC CHARACTER y i AND Th ali al - . i F ‘te lal SYNONYMS. le " y® . 2a, j Wings indented, tailed, black: on the anterior wings an _ abbreviated yellow band : posterior pair beneath with rufous, blue and white lunules. Papritio Laopocus: alis dentato caudatis nigris: anticis fascia , | abbreviata flava, postisis subtus finals rufis ceeruleis albisque. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 8. n. 23. Jon. fig. pict. 1. tab. 66. | In a former plate of this work our readers may observe a large and very fine species of the Butterfly tribe, an affinity of the species which constitutes the subject of the present plate. The insect VOL. 1¥: sie «tee ‘PLATE CXXX. referred to is Papilio Acamas, one of the many very beautiful insects which had been described by Fabricius from the drawings of Mr. Jones and of which no other figure is extant, with the exception of that in our publication. At the time we were describing Papilio Acamas, it was mentioned that another insect, Papilio Laodocus of Fabricius and of the drawings of Mr. Jones, was to be considered = a near approximation of that species, and that the difference consisted chiefly in the disposition and colour of the spots, and some other more minute particulars. We are now induced to insert Papilio Laodocus in this place in order to leave nothing unexplained as to the precise distinction of these two very remarkable and analogous Papiliones. Upon due comparison of these two figures and their respective descriptions, which we have now given, it will be pereeived that there is a large and broad yellow band in the middle of the anterior wing in Papilio Acamas, and that although Papilio Laodocus has a yellow band in the same place, it is much smaller and abbreviated, and that the series of spots which constitute a characteristic feature of con- siderable beauty in the border of the posterior wings are red, blue and yellow in P. Acamas, while in P. Laodocus they are rufous, blue and white. Some little difference in their form will also become obvious upon comparing the two figures with each other ; and lastly, it should be mentioned, that the body in P. Acamas is brown above and pale beneath, while in P. Laodocus the body is black with a white line down each side. Papilio Laodocus is a native of Brasil, and appears to be the same as the Papilio Glaucus of Cramer. The former insect P. Acamas is from Jamaica. - { on 13) 1 x S te es ; " ee ee london lub. as the Act tiraty by Fo Donovan a Mys ” Srapkix & arsed. Ott.) 7828. CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CXXXI. TURBO ZEBRA ZEBRA TURBO ne E. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spiral, solid : aperture contracted, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Shell ovate-acute, striated transversely, yellow-orange fasciated with dark brown, the bands flexuose, oblique, uniform. TuRBO ZEBRA : testa ovato-acuto, transversim striata, flavo-aurantia fusco fasciata, fasciis flexuosa obliquis uni- formibus. So little are we acquainted with the testaceous varieties of the seas of South America that we cannot be surprised at the earnestness PLATE CXXXI. with which those productions are sought after, now that a more liberal policy of the ruling powers of that extensive portion of the globe affords the opportunity of enriching our collections with them. The shell of which the description and figure is now submitted to the reader, is one among the number of those recent acquisitions which have been lately obtained from the seas in the vicinity of Panama; it is found in the same localities as the “ pearl fish ”’ as. they are called, that is, the Mytilus Margaritiferus, or Pearl-bearing © Muscle, and has been brought up with those pearl shells from. the same beds. This curious shell, which is of a somewhat rude appearance, 1s of a yellowish orange colour, with oblique and slightly flexuous waves of a rich chocolate brown, glossed with a deep purplish hue in some particular inflections of the light. ‘Those stripes are not exactly per- pendicular ; they traverse the whole shell in a curved direction, but which however run uniformly parallel to each other. The general disposition of those fuscous bands upon a yellowish ground are not in- aptly considered as bearing some resemblance to the fasciated pen- cilling, if it may be so expressed, of that elegant and well known quadruped, the Common Zebra, and in reference to which Mrs. Mawe, who first received the species from South America, assigned it the expressive name of Turbo Zebra. We have seen one example of this shell in the possession of an eminent collector, Mr. George Humphreys, that had been commu- ; nicated from South America by another hand, but we are assured that the English cabinets generally have been supplied with this in- teresting shell by Mrs. Mawe, and under the appellation already mentioned. CONCHOLOGY. Although we have every reason for believing this shell to be perfectly undescribed, we should not pass silently over another shell which bears a near approximation in the general aspect, at least of its dorsal surface, but which from the structure of the mouth is ob- viously distinct; we allude to the Purpura bicostalis of Lamarck, the mouth of which is not rounded and entire as in Turbo Zebra : it is somewhat produced, or beaked, and being furnished at the base of the mouth with a short canal or groove, belongs in reality, in the Linnzan arrangement, to the genus Buccinum. Wtice oe? 4 : a ge z J " ~ 5 wee Act Mares by bh. Donovan b&Ue/s™ Simizhin. & VYarshall. Nov. 7 1825. CONCHOLOGY. | Sad PLATE CXXXII. HELIX H/EMASTOMA HMAMASTOME HELIX OR WHITE-BANDED INDIAN SNAIL UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. _ Shell univalve, spiral, somewhat diaphanous brittle: aperture semilunar or roundish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell imperforate globose-conic, ventricose, fuscous, with 2 longitudinal white band ; pillar and lip purple. HELIX HAMASTOMA : testa imperforata globoso-conoidea, ventri- cosa fusca : fascia longitudinali alba: columella labroque purpureis. HELIX HZMASTOMA : testa imperforata subrotunda fusca : fascia longitudinali alba, apertura purpurea. Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. 671. n. 37%.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. t. 1. p. 6. 2649, n. 212. PLATE CXXXII, HELIx H#MASTOMA : testa globoso-conoidea, ventricosa imper- forata, rufo-castanea inferne albo-zonata ; apice roseo, apertura latere dilitata : fundo albo ; colu- mellz labroque purpureis. Lamarck Anim. sans Vert. t. 6. p. 2 n. 70. A native of Ceylon. This is a very fine and rare species of the Helix tribe, and not less remarkable for the beauty than singularity of its appearance. The prevailing colour is dark fuscous brown, but 4 ) ti inclining to testaceous on the spire, and at the base. The greater wreath of the shell is surrounded by a broad white band, and which is so situated, that when the shell lies in such a situation that the brown space and band surrounding the umbilical region is concealed, suggests the idea of the greater whorl being half brown and half white, the brown occupving the space from the an- fractal line of the spire down to the middle, and the basal half pure ~ white, the.two colours meeting and forming a distinct line round the centre of the convexity. The rich crimson hue of the pillar and the lip of the aperture is very fine when those shells are in good condition. It should be distinctly understood, that this is the Helix heemastoma of Linneeus, and not of Chemnitz; this last mentioned author appears to have mistaken another shell, the Helix Melanotragus of Born and Daubenton for the Linnzean Helix Heemastomay and described it accordingly. : As this species of Chemnitz bears rather a close affinity to the Linnean shell in the opimion of some con- chologists, we shall introduce it to notice in the ensuing plate, and the reader will be thus enabled to perceive the distinctions that prevail between these two shelis. Lao London Fu eo the Act derects bY LE. Denovan &- rs LL. L. 7 A. fe ry a itimfkere & Marshall Dec. 1 625 CONCHOLOGY. PLATE CXXXIII. | HELIX MELANOTRAGUS -BLACK-MOUTHED INDIAN SNAIL UNIVALVE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, spiral, somewhat diaphanous, brittle: aperture — semilunar or roundish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell globose-conoidal ventricose, imperforate, chesnut-brown beneath, zoned with white: tip pale yellow: aperture transverse, pillar and lip black. “HELIX MELANOTRAGUS: testa globoso-conoidea; ventricosa, imperforata, castaneo-fusca, inferne albo zonata, apice luteo ; apertura transversa, columella labro- que nigris. Helix Melanotragus. Born Mus. p. 388. Helix Hemastoma. Chemnitz Conch. 9. 1. ¢. 180.4 1152. 1152. Helix Senegalensis. ncyclopedie Fr. 462. 4. a. 0. Helix Melanotragus. -Dauben. Hist. Moil. pl. 52. f. 4. 5. 6. Helix Melanotragus, Helice bouc-noir. -Lamarck An. sans Vert. t. 6. p. 2. 70. 17. VOL. Iv: L PLATE CXXXIII. In conformity with our annunciation in the last number, we now insert three illustrative figures of that verv choice testaceous production Helix Melanotragus, the Black-mouthed Helix of India. Those figures are intended to represent the shell in three different positions, in order to convey a more distinct idea of the species than could possibly be given by a single figure in any point of view. The representations of this curious shell cannot fail to prove an interesting addition to that of Helix Hemastoma, the subject of the preceding plate (132), since those two shells have been not unfre- quently confounded with each other; and that even by conchologists of no mean repute. Linneeus had described the first of those two shells under the specific name of Heemastoma, and subsequent writers, unwilling to separate a shell so nearly allied as the Helix Melanotragus appeared to be, were induced rather to consider it as the same species, or merely as a variety, than occasion error by des- cribing them as two distinct shells. Lamarck, one of the latest writers on this subject, allows the close affinity of those shells, observing, however, that they must be specifically distinct. His reason for entertaining this opinion is founded upon their difference in form and also in colour, in which particulars, when attentively considered, they are perceived to be dissimilar. Both are of a globose-conic or conoidal form, and both are remarkably ventricose or swollen in the first or greater whorl! of the spire, but this ventri- cosity is most striking in Helix Melanotragus, and in this shell it is observed also, that the spire is rather more produced or pointed than in Helix Haemastoma: the extreme whorls of the spire in Helix Hzmastoma, moreover, are of a rosy hue, while in the shell before us the colour is pale yellow. CONCHOLOGY.- ‘In addition to these circumstances it may be observed, that al- though the shell is now rare, and bears a considerable price, it has, of late years, become rather more usual in fine collections than its rarity might lead us to expect. ‘The time is within our memory, when a fine example of Helix Hamastoma passed for a species almost unique, and realized at a public sale the price of twenty guineas ; the value of the shell was subsequently depreciated by the appear- ance of three or four more specimens in the hands of our collectors, and might then be estimated at about twelve guineas each ; within the last twenty years the price has again fallen progressively to less than half that amount, a circumstance not a little accelerated by our possession of the island of Ceylon, the couniry from whence those beautiful shells are received. But although those two shells, as well the Helix Haemastoma as Helix Melanotragus, have hence appeared more frequently in our collections than in former days, they are stul held in much esteem for their rarity; their appearance is confessedly striking in a peculiar degree ; the rich coloration of 3 both, but that of H. Hamastoma in particular, render them objects of more than usual interest, and almost indispensable indeed as a cabinet acquisition among the Helices. © As a general observation respecting these two very analogous shells, it may be stated, that the size of the species Melanotragus, now before us, rather exceeds that of Heemastoma 3 the colour is of a pale brown, or testaceous hue, instead of a deep chocolate colour, and the appearance of a white zone encircling, or rather forming the lower half of the whorl, with the exception of the umbilical region, is by no means so distinctly obvious as in Haemastoma: it is indeed, as we have observed, in some examples wholly wanting, the centre of the wreath being marked only by a spiral line of separation. PLATE CXXXIII. Those prevailing distinctions may with propriety be considered as sufficiently indicative of two distinct species ; but if any further proof were wanting to establish their dissimilitude, the structure and the colour of the aperture of the mouth of the shell, would afford us all the character required; the pillar; as well as the lip of H. Heemastoma being of a rich crimson colour, and thus forming a deep red border round the mouth, while that of Melanotragus is pure plish, verging to an intense black in the darker shades ; or in other words, has the mouth bordered with black instead of red. The inside of the shell is white. — > ——e . == (IF London Lith. as the Act directs by E Donovan. & Mes.” Simplin <2 Marshall, Nov. 1, 1826. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXXIV. HESPERIA TACITUS TACITUS BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thicker towards the tip and usually terminating in a elub: wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. Pleb. rurales, Zinn. Hesperia rurales, Fadr. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. ae Wings entire, fulvous: exterior margin of the upper pair black, with yellow spots. HESPERIA TACITUS: alis integerrimis fulvis: anticis margine | exteriori atro flavo maculato. Fabr. Ent. Syst: t. 3. p. 1. 308. 168. PAPILIO TACITUS: Jon. fig. pict. 6. tab. 46. f. 3. PLATE CXXXIV. Papilio Tacitus is one of the Fabrician species described from the drawings of Mr. Jones, to which we have had such frequent occasion to refer in our endeavours to illustrate the Fabrician writings on the science of Entomology ; and as it is from that in- valuable collection that the figures in the annexed plate are copied, they may be regarded as the identical delineations which Fabricius has described. The original specimen (for the two figures represent the upper and lower surface of the same insect) from which the | drawings of Mr. Jones were taken, was, at that time, in the rich cabinet of Mr. Drury, but the subsequent dispersion of that fine collection by public auction, after the death of its much respected proprietor, must render it a matter of some difficulty at this period to determine into whose hands the species passed, or whether it be now extant or lost. A very considerable portion of the extra European insects of that collection, and the whole, without exception, of the British insects, became our own property at the time of sale; but Papilio Tacitus was not among the number: the specimen was, however, familiar to our recollection while it remained in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, and such was the accuracy of the drawings of Mr. Jones, that we were perfectly satisfied with the representations : if we had conceived they could be improved, we should certainly have taken other figures from the original specimen, the collection of Mr. Drury having been ever open to our service, and with the utmost liberality, during the life time of its venerable possessor. ) It should be observed, that a figure of this insect is given in the third volume of Mr. Drury’s Exotic Insects; he was not aware, however, at the time that plate appeared, of its being previously des- cribed by Fabricius from the drawings of Mr. Jones, which he had ENTOMOLOGY. permitted to be taken; and for this reason it appears under another name; he calls it Papilio Menetas, under the persuasion of its being a non-descript, and by this means the same insect, even to the present day, appears as two distinct species, and is recorded as such in all the entomological nomenclatures. Our observations will be the means of pointing out this error, and correcting it. ~ Papilio Tacitus is a small species of remarkable and peculiar character, and must be regarded as a very pleasing example of that tribe of Papiliones to which Fabricius has assigned the generic name Hesperia. “It is described as a native of Surinam by Fabricius ; from the manuscripts of Mr. Drury, now in our possession, it appears, however, that he did not receive it from that country : his note on the species states that it is a native of * Brazil,”’ and that it was commu- nicated by “ Mr. Bonifas, in the year 1776.” The specimen was numbered 670 of his cabinet. He had another very analogous insect, No. 657, which he received also from Brazil, and from the same correspondent. Our readers will recollect that Surinam lies North of the equinoctial line, and Brazil to the South ; and that the distance between those places must be regarded as considerable, especially in determining the locality of the species. ip ae . py) RE TE ey See Ta fae ee a1 Aine eae q Ry LbI 5 ily" AP cei ef i eth + ‘7 London Lub. as the Act directs by E. Donovan ke Mefs"Simphin & Marshall. Dee.* 1, 782 VERMIOLOGY: PLATE CXXXV. ECHINUS SUBDEPRESSUS SUBDEPRESSED ECHINUS VERM. MOLLUSCA GENERIC CHARACTER. Body roundish, covered with a bony sutured crust, and generally furnished with moveable spires: mouth placed beneath, consisting usually of five valves. * Base irregular, with five extended petal-shaped marks on the surface. ‘+ Margin with angular sinuosities. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND | ' SYNONYMS. - Ovate-elliptic : back slightly convex, sides somewhat sinuous, avenues ovate-oblong pulvinate : vent near the margin. VOL. IV: M PLATE, CXXXY, EcHINUS SUBDEPRESSUS : _ovato-elliptica, dorso convexiuscula a5, lateribus subsinuosis ; ambulacris covato-oblongis, ram, 4500 pulvinatis ; ano margini vicino. ScuTELLA AMBIGENA, Scutelle ambigéne. Lamarck An. sans. Vert. 3. p. 12. ‘ob 3c To ECHINUS ROSACEUS var 9 Gmel. T. 1. p. 6. 3187. STODI2NOS HON Scaeemme alee UMSR of A This curious species of the depressed Mande: of the , Linnean genus Echinus, is nearly allied in its general appearance to his Echinus rosaceus, a species not uncommon, and which must ies therefore generally known. Daraiiane © The Echinus now before us is one of those which has ea se described by authors as the presumed varieties of the species, | rosaceus, all which, in a greater or less degree, appear t to “us materially different ; the kind at present under our consideration, we cannot in particular avoid believing to be specifically nigger» Lamarck has already admitted this ; that author has indeed so far separated those two analogous species as to refer them to different genera ; the kind before us is his Scutella ambigena ; and the Lin- nean Echinus rosaceus, hitherto regarded as the type of the species constitutes with him the first species of his following genus Cly- peaster. Lamarck observes that the present species approaches very nearly to the Clypeasters, and we cannot but conceive that where , : ; & the distinctions approximate so nearly, the differences ought scarcely tobe regarded : as sufficient to rae generical distinctions. We have no hesitation, however, in admitting our present species to be distinct from the Echinus rosaceus, and under that persuasion have given it as another species, under the name of subdepressus ; it is certainly less convex than Echinus. rosaceus, and the greater or lesser elevation of the dorsal disk appears to form one of the most striking charac- ters of the respective varieties of E. rosaceus as they have hitherto been considered. The genus Scutella of Lamarck is evidently founded on the Scuta division of Klein and Ecchinathi of Leske, and in the works of . Sot e MoT both those writers the Echinus rosaceus ‘constitutes the most cone Sieh OF Pe WwTG TE spicuous species 5 we really think they should have both been placed in wes same genus, that is, ‘either in Scutella ¢ or x Clypeaster. __, The native place of our present kind, Echinus subdepressus, i is unknown ; : iti is believed to be a native of the Asiatic seas, like eeBha? HE Echinus r rosaceus. We apprehend, from the rarity of its occurrence, @iut € i that the 5 species cannot be common, or that at least it must be local: ~ Lamarck v was as unacquainted with its habitat. ed at! ees: Ld ay fe or aa > AB lc i AES Go! O@ DIS: yay ad mY 19/5 130 Livmilim. Lud) as the At aLirecks by LZ, Donovan 4 Mofo Sunprlin &Marshall, Dee.7, 1826. ENTOMOLOGY. PLATE CXXXVI. PAPILIO CASSANDER CASSANDER BUTTERFLY LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz thicker towards the tip and generally terminating in a knob : wings erect when at rest. Fly by day. | SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. * Pies. URB. Linn. HESPERIA URsB. Fabdr. Wings without tails, above and beneath fuscous and immaculate. HESPERIA CASSANDER: alis ecaudatis concoloribus fuscis im- - maculatis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 1. $37. Papitio CASSANDER : Jon’ fig. pict. 6. tab.24. f. 1. Papilio Cassander is one among the number of those obscure “species of the Butterfly tribe, the iconical illustration of which be- PLATE CXXXVI. comes important in the present'state of science, from the circumstance of its description having been long before theeyeof the scientificreader in the writings of Fabricius, but unaccompanied with a reference to the work of any author in which the figure is to be met with: the truth is, there is no figure of the species extant, nor any description except those derived from his labours. Fabricius describes P. Cassander as resembling P. Thrax, except in being larger, and entirely destitute of those transparent spots which appear conspicuous in the wings of that species. The Papilio Thrax of Fabricius has appeared already in our publication on the ‘¢ Insects of India,” and. will be found, on comparison with the insect now before us, to be very different, notwithstanding: ‘ats: presumed assimilation. In treating upon a species so confessedly ambiguous, and so little calculated from its general aspect to afford any very decisive. character, it must be satisfactory to our readers to be informed that the figures are immediate copies from the drawings of Mr. J ones, the sole authority upon which the species is described by Fabricius. The native place of Papilio Cassander remains unknown: the - specimen figured by Mr. Jones was originally in the cabinet of Mr. Drury, but the species is not sufficiently identified in the manuscripts of that collector, now. in our possession, to enable us to speak precisely in this particular. The species of this family are’ known to be very numerous, and to comprehend many kinds ‘from every part of the globe: they fly in the day-time, among the ‘most stunted herbage, and in places the least concealed from common observation. ce | oar eae u Te — Aasepaoe's stl onivi rohit cite ars ty! Se Se! Qregiaeins ee Baio: san he) Cg hss — het oe oct, et fo sth fe a ols Way ‘ar . bi Ayes CORR Meee Men ier hs ee a ae Te oy), am a eae a lee eal Dery fe pe A my nee ie yan AUS BY iresce a AB mas oy they o Stee Ms i ‘Cy ye mari chen ek oT ) hy t Meaty lh i ae Hise dons Z th v “ Hy aie ales af of FE. cai ahead | we 7 eYont ini Ca ; i woe MON & ‘eon hirito freee we Wie) sy > ge ome eatiats=ynh one fit ui e i ne | Sees : Dae HK md oni balasenve Saal wilt 9s. a a eg 137 London. lub. as the Act directs by E- Donovan & Mes!” Sirgpihin & Marshall, Dee 7 182% ot ORNITA QU OGY ty 2) inataccynit conto PLATE CXXXVIL MEROPS BULLOCKII | : | -SCARLET-THROATED, or BULLOCK’S BEE-EATER — ing ey TL FACT i ‘pee . was Z eeew AER dh ° - - PIC. * aie) Q GREE E OMigs'. ott ae ) SRW OLN G1 BVOUSIG GENERIC CHARACTER. i m® wecy Hee eRe ace CF 8 Boer sremepragt eo ot DELS HO) MMO gS Ganalsss Oe ss) goo GRA CSISIABM ES ULL os Billy curved, _ quadrangular, compressed, carinated, pointed : nostrils small, and at the base of the bill:, pe