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M

NAUTICAL TERMS

|tx (feglblj antr in Jfrmtlj.

WITH USEFUL TABLES.

BY

LEON DELBOS, M.A.

H.M.S. BRITANNIA.

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,

14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON; AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.

1889,

LONDON :

PRINTED BY C. GREEN AND SON, 178, STRAND.

PREFACE.

THIS Vocabulary of Nautical Terms possesses at least one merit, that of accuracy. The manner in which it has been compiled can scarcely leave any doubt on that head. All the terms referring to the parts of the ship, or to her rigging —in short, all words used in seamanship have been verified by means of illustrated and explanatory diagrams in each language. Besides this, some of the best books have been consulted, and especially Captain Nares' * Seamanship,' and the most excellent translation of it by Lieut. Ed. Tiret of the French Navy.

The words of command have been tested over and over again a very necessary thing, considering the difficulty of this portion of the work.

IV PREFACE.

The utility of such a book is, I think, obvious, Officers of the Merchant Service, who have such frequent occasions of ordering repairs whilst in a foreign port, or of employing either French or French-speaking pilots, will find it no less useful than officers of the Royal Navy.

LEON DELBOS.

H.M.S. BRITANNIA,

DARTMOUTH,

January, 1889.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

VOCABULARY i

TABLES— FRENCH METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 57

I. —Measures of Length, Capacity, Weight and Surface . . 58

II. Conversion of Metric Weights and Measures into English 60

III. Comparison of English with Metrical Weights and

Measures 61

IV. English and French Coins and Bank-notes 62

V. The English Barometric Scale in French Millimetres . 63

VI. The Thermometers . 64

INTRODUCTION.

SINCE this Vocabulary of Nautical Terms appeared, at the beginning of the present year, it has undergone constant revision. The Compiler has found, by practical use, that very important words, used especially in modern naval warfare, had been omitted, owing to the difficulty of collecting together all the useful words without burdening the book with long columns of obsolete terms. These words have now been added before the entire edition is exhausted, so that present purchasers may have at once the benefit of them. We have also taken this opportunity of making a few necessary corrections.

LEON DELBOS.

H.M.S. BRITANNIA, DARTMOUTH, May, i88g.

PAGE

i aback (to be taken). faire chapelle.

2 aft (haul aft jib sheet !). halez le foe !

2 altitude (meridian). la hauteur me'ridienne.

3 armour (of ships). blindage, m., cuirasse,/.

3 aye, aye ! (answer to an

order). bien monsieur ! bien capitaine !

answer to a challenge: The coxswain, in the French Navy, answers as follows : If there is in the boat an officer superior to the rank of captain Amiral ! If the officer is the captain of the ship Commandant! If he is the captain of another ship, the name of the ship is mentioned first 'Colbert,' commandant! If any other stiperior officer Officier superieur! If any other officer Officier ! If there is no officer, and the boat is going to the ship which challenged her, the coxswain answers A bord ! English ' No, no ! ' If not going on board that ship Rade !

4 balcony (stern walk). la galerie de poupe. 4 belt (of armour). une ceinture blindee.

PAGE

5 berth (to give a wide ).

6 board (to) (as an enemy).

6 (as a friend).

6 block (mooring).

7 bore (of a gun).

8 bowsprit (to run in the ).

8 brace (to) the yards.

9 buffers (hydraulic). 10 bunk. 10 bunker (coal). 10 cadet (naval). ii capstan (steam). ii cashier (to). 12 channel (buoyed ). 13 coffer dam. 14 column (the rear ). 15 compass error. 15 conning tower. 15 course (to alter the ).

15 to steer a .

1 6 cross (to) (like 2 ships). 1 6 cruiser.

1 6 torpedo . [east. 1 6 current (the current sets 17 derrick.

1 7 deviation (of compass). 17 direction.

17 directions.

17 sailing s for the

English Channel. 1 8 draft (what is your of

water ?)

21 float (to a ship). 21 flood. 21 tide.

£viter.

aborder, &c.

aller k bord.

une ancre de corps mort.

calibre, m., ame,/

rentrer le beaupre".

brasser les vergues.

frein hydraulique, m.

couchette,/.

la soute au charbon.

un eleve de marine.

cabestan a vapeur.

casser.

une passe balisee.

batardeau, m.

la colonne de queue.

la variation du compas.

le kiosque de la barre.

changer la route.

suivre une route donn'ee.

se croiser.

un croiseur.

un croiseur torpilleur.

le courant porte a Test.

un mat de charge.

la deviation.

direction,/, gisement, m.

instructions ', / pi.

instructions sur la Manche.

Combien calez-vous ?

mettre un navire a flot.

le flux.

mark, f., fluX) m.

PAGE

21— fly (to let— ). 21— foggy. 21 fore.

22 rigging*

22 forge (to) ahead. 23 garnet. 23— gear.

23 to throw into . 23 electric firing . 23 steam steering . 23 turret turning .

23 training . 24 guard ship. 24— gun.

24 to scale a . 24 machine . 24 quick firing . 24 saluting s.

24 mountings.

24 gunner.

24 hail (to) a boat. 24 halliard (peak). 25 haul (to) up. 26 heave (to) short. 26 helm a weather ! 26 put the helm down ! 27 hour-glass. 27 house (to) a mast. 28 impulse (for projection

torpedo).

28 irons (fetters). 28 in (ship). 28 jib (down jib !) 28 ease off the jib sheets

larguer en bande. brumeux. avant, de 1'avant. le gr'eement de V avant. courir de Tavant. un palan de charge, les apparaux, m. enclancher. \pelectricite.

dispositif de mise a feu par barre a vapeur, f. le vireur de la tourelle. les engins depointage^ m. le ponton amiral. canon, m. fiamber un canon, mitrailleuse^ f. canon a tir rapide. feux de salut. les garnitures d*un canon. canonnier, m. heler.

martinet, m. remonter, carguer. virer a pic. la barre au vent ! la barre dessous ! ampoulette,/. caler un mat.

»f

^impulsion.

les fers, m. pi. faire chapelle. halez bas le grand foe ! / filez les foes !

PAGE

31 light ship.

31 search light. 32 line abreast.

32 ahead.

32 quarter . 32 luff a lee!

32 lug sail (to dip a)

33 mast-head (to be at the).

33 man.

35 moorings (at her ).

35 mooring swivel.

35— no, no !

36 off! (shove).

36 paul (to) the capstan.

37 paymaster.

37 assistant .

37 put (to) into D.

38 propeller.

39 ram (to).

39 hydraulic .

39 range (of weapons).

39 recess.

39 rifle (magazine ).

40 rocket.

40 rope (tow).

41 sail (to hoist a )

42 screws (twin).

43 search light.

44 shackle.

45 shield (for guns).

45 shove off!

45 sound (to).

45 soundings (to take the).

46 speed.

un bateau feu.

projecteur, m.

la ligne de file.

la ligne de front.

la ligne de relevement.

loffe toute !

gambeyer.

etre en vigie.

Vhomme de vigie.

au mouillage.

un emerillon d'affourche.

a bord ! see p. 3, under aye, aye!

poussez !

mettre les linguets au cabstan.

commissaire, m.

aide-commissaire.

relacher a D.

propulseur, m.

aborder a Feperon.

un piston hydraulique.

la portee.

encastrement, m.

fusil a repetition.

fusee,/

remorque,/., faux-bras, m.

hisser une voile.

helices jumelles,/

projecteur, m. [der to veer.

maillon, m., manille,/ : see un-

masque d'acier, m.

poussez !

sonder.

le sondage.

vitesse,/

PAGE

46 speed, full ahead!

46 full astern ! 46 sponge (for gun). 47— stay (long).

47 steam (to reverse).

47 steering gear.

47 trials (of an engine).

48 steerage way.

48 stern walk (balcony).

48 stern way (to make).

49 stranded (to be).

49 swab (to) the deck.

50 tack.

50 to be on the port .

50 to be on the starboard . 50 tackle (purchase).

50 tender (to a vessel). 51 tide (it is high ).

51 it is low . 51 tiller.

51 ropes.

51 tops (military). 52 torpedo booms.

52— —gun. 52 net 52 port.

52 warfare.

52 to discharge a .

52 towing hawser.

53 unship oars ! [pass).

53 variation (of the com-

53 veer (to) 3 shackles.*

en avant) toute vitesse !

en arriere, toute vitesse !

ecouvillon, m.

virer a long pic.

renverser la marche.

une barre a vapeur.

faire les essais d'une machine.

1'erre, m.

la galerie de poupe.

aller en culant.

s'echouer.

fauberder le pont.

amure,/

etre babord amures.

tire tribord amures.

palan, m., caliorne,/

une navire annexe.

la mer est haute.

la mer est basse.

la barre.

drosse, f.

hunes (/.) de combat.

espars a torpilles.

un tube de lancement.

un filet a torpille.

un sabord de lancement.

le maniement des torpilles.

lancer une torpille.

remorque,/, faux bras, m.

desarmez vos avirons !

la declinaison.

filer 3 maillons.

' The English shackle is equal to 12^ fathoms, and the French maillon to 30 metres, or very nearly i6j£ English fathoms.

PAGE

53 water. eau,/

53 high . la pleine mer.

53 low . la mer basse.

53 slack . la mer etale.

55 wheel ropes. drosse,/

56 windlass (steam). guindeau a vapeur.

56 yoke (of rudder). la barre transversale.

NAUTICAL TERMS

IN ENGLISH AND IN FRENCH.

aback (to be).

throw all /

heave all /

sails . abaft.

able-bodied seaman, aboard.

haul the tacks /

all ! about (to put), accommodation.

ladder. accost, v. admiral.

vice .

rear . admiralty.

adrift.

to get upon a lee shore. adze, afloat, aft.

the wind is dead .

the wind is right .

etre masque. masquez partout.

» »

en panne.

a Tarriere.

gabier brevete.

a bord.

amurez !

embarquez !

louvoyer.

amenagements, m. pi.

echelle de commandement.

accoster, aborder.

amiral, m.

v ice-amir al.

contre amiral.

amiraute, / In France : le

ministere de la marine. en derive. s'affaler a la cote. herminette,/. a flot, sur mer. arriere, m.

le vent est entre deux ecoutes. le vent est droit derriere.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

haul aft jib !

haul the fore sheet! aground.

to run . ahead.

go—! ahoy !

ship / air.

shaft. alee.

helm's . almanac.

nautical .

office.

all right ! all's well ! aloft.

aloft (on the look-out).

away / alongside.

to come . aloof, altitude, amidships.

helm / anchor.

the arms.

the bill.

the crown.

the flukes.

the ring.

the shank.

the shoe.

the stock or beam.

bower anchor.

halez lefoc !

halez Vecoute de misaine /

echoue, a terre.

s'echouer.

en avant.

en avant !

oh!

ohe! du navire.

air, m.

le puits d*aerage.

dessous.

la barre dessous.

almanach, m.

la connaissance des temps

le bureau des longitudes.

c'est bien ! bon quart !

en haut, dans la mature.

en vigie.

en haut les gabiers !

bord a bord.

accoster.

au large.

hauteur,/, elevation,/

par le travers.

droite la barre!

ancre, /

les bras.

le bee.

le diamant.

les pattes,f.

la cigale.

la verge.

la sole, la sabatte.

lejas.

ancre de bossoir.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

best bower anchor.

kedge .

sheet .

stream .

mooring block. anchor (to).

to cast .

to cat the .

to drag the .

to fish the .

to heave up tfie. .

to ride at .

to weigh .

let go the /

let go the starboard / anchorage, aneroid, angle-iron, apron (timber), armour, armourer, artillery.

heavy . ashore, astern.

to back .

of us.

go—! athwart.

atrip (the anchor is), auxiliary screw (ship with), avast ! awning. axe. aye, aye ! (answer to a call),

la seconde ancre.

ancre a jet.

ancre de veille.

ancre de tome.

corps mort, m.

ancrer, mouiller. jeter V ancre.

caponner V ancre.

chasser sur les ancres.

traverser P ancre.

deraper I' ancre.

tire d I' ancre.

lever V ancre.

mouillez !

mouillez tribord !

mouillage, m.

aneroide, m.

corniere, f.

contre-etrave,/!

blindage, m.

armurier, ;//.

artillerie, f.

grosse artillerie, f.

a terre, sur terre.

de 1'arriere, arriere.

nager a culer.

derriere nous.

en arriere!

par le travers de, en travers de.

derapee (Fancre est).

un batiment mixte.

tenez bon !

tendelet, >#., tente,/

hache, f.

voila ! B 2

NAUTICAL TERMS.

aye, aye ! (answer to an order), bien capitaine ! (answer of coxswain), a bord !

back astern !

»

to back a sail, back stays. flying . backing and filling, balcony, bale sling, bale out (to), baler, ballast.

to .

to sail in . bar of the capstan.

of iron. barge.

(admiral's). bargeman, barque, barometer.*

the is rising, the is falling. barrel (of a gun).

(cask). basin (of a dock), batten.

to down the hatches. beach. to .

nage a culer !

(on steamers) en arriere !

masquer une voile.

galhaubans, m. pi.

galhanbans volants.

deriver vent dessus vent dedans.

la galerie de poupe.

elingue (/) en double.

vider.

escope, f.

lest, m.

lester.

aller sur lest.

une barre de cabestan.

barre defer.

allege,/, gabare,/

canot de Vamiral.

marinier, m., batelier, m.

un trois-mats.

barometre.

le barometre monte.

le barometre descend.

canon, m.

baril, m.

bassin, m.

batte, /

condamner les panneaux.

plage,/, greve,/

echoner.

* For comparison between English and French barometric scales, see Table V. at the end of the book.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

beacon.

beam (of deck).

breadth of .

on her ends. Bear (the great).

to away.

to down.

to up. bearing (to take the) of.

s (engineering).

- (the}. beat to windward (to).

to out to sea. belay (to), belaying cleat.

pin. bell, below, bend.

to a rope.

to (sails].

to (jibs).

to (a cable). bends.

double .

fisherman's .

single .

studding sail halliard .

carrick . berth (cot). - (post).

(alongside a wharf), sick .

bight (of a rope), bilboes (punishment).

balise,/.

bau, m.

largeur, f.

sur le cote.

la grande ourse.

porter au large.

arriver sur.

laisser arriver.

relever.

coussinetS) m. pi.

le relevement.

louvoyer.

gagner le large.

amarrer.

taquet, m.

cabillot, m.

cloche, f.

en bas.

nceud, m.

frapper.

enverguer.

garnir.

etalinguer.

les preceintes, /

nceud d'ecoute double.

nceud d'1 etalingure de grelin.

nceud d'ecoute.

nceud de drisse de bonnette.

nceud d'ajut, nceud de vache.

gite, m.

poste^ m.

le poste d'amarrage.

le poste des malades.

double, m.

les fers, m. pi.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

bilge water.

pieces. bill of health.

of lading.

board. billows, binnacle, bitts.

main .

block (pulley).

snatch .

maker. blockade.

to—.

runner. blow (to).

the wind sfrom tJie west.

it is ing hard.

it is ing fresh. blue peter, bluff (cliff), board (on).

the hands on .

to make a stern .

on my ship.

to—.

board (to), boat.

ferry —.

fishing .

steam .

sailing .

life—.

long .

eau de la cale. quilles laterales, f. la patente de sante. connaissement, m. plan incline de traversiere. vagues, / pi. habitacle, m. bittes,///. grandes bittes. moufle, m. poulie coupee, f. poulieur, m. blocus, m. bloquer.

forceur de blocus. souffler.

le vent souffle de rouest. il fait une tempete. il fraichit.

le pavilion de partance. falaise, f. a bord.

les homines du bord. ailer.

a mon bord. aborder, monter a Vabordage,

prendre a Vabordage. aborder (as an enemy), canot, m., embarcation, / bateau de passage, bateau pecheur. bateau a vapeur, m. bateau a voiles^ m. canot de sauvetage, m. chaloupe^ f.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

jolly boat, pleasure . open .

hook.

ahoy ! boatman, boatswain.

's mate. bobstay. body post, boiler.

plate.

tubes. bollard heads, bolster.

bolt. eye . ring . screw . starting .

rope.

rope needle. boom (of harbour).

(of a sail}.

irons, jib . flying jib .

spanker . studding-sail . to ride by the swinging bore (of gun).

(on tidal river). bottom (of ship).

in British s. in French s.

petit canot) m. bateau d'agrement. canot non ponte.

gaffe,/-

ohe du canot I

batelier, m. maitre d'e'quipage, m. contre-maitre, m. la sous barbe de beaupre*. etambot avant, m. chaudiere, / tole,f.

bouilleurs, m. pi. tetes (/) d'allonges. coussin (m.} d'elongis. cheville, f. cheville a azillet, f. cheville a boude, f. boulon taraude, m. repoussoir d manche, m. ralingue, f. aiguille a ralingue, f. chaine,/., estacade,/. bout dehors, m. blins, m.

bout dehors defoc, m. bout dehors de din foe, m. gui, m.

bout dehors de bonnettes. -. tire au tangon. calibre, m.

mascaret, m., barre^f. carene,/

sous pavilion anglais, sous pavilion franpis.

8

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to sink to the bottom, double . fiat bottomed, copper . bottomry.

bond.

interest.

bound to, or for ... (ship).

outward .

homeward .

where are you to ? bow.

on the port .

to cross the . bowline.

on the bite, running .

bridles. bowse (to), bowsprit

box the compass (to).

boxhaul (to).

boxing off.

boy.

brace.

to— .

to up.

lee .

weather .

main .

fore .

main top sail . fore top sail .

main top gallant . fore top gallant .

couler a fond.

double coque, f.

a fond plat.

double en cuivre.

bomerie, f.

un contrat a la grosse.

profit maritime^ m.

navire en partance pour. . . .

en partance.

en retour.

ou allez vous ?

1'avant, m., le bossoir.

a, or par babord devant.

courir a bord droit.

bouline,/

nceud de chaise double.

nceud d'anguille.

branches de bouline.

palanquer.

beaupre", m.

reciter la rose des vents.

virer vent arriere, virer lof pour

contrebasser devant. [lof.

mousse, m.

bras, m.

brasser.

orienter au plus pres.

le bras de dessous le vent.

le bras du vent.

grands bras.

bras de misaine.

bras de grand hunier.

bras de petit hunier.

bras de grand perroquet.

bras de petit perroquet.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

mizzen top sail brace.

cross jack .

mizzen top gallant .

sprit sail .

top sail .

top gallant . brail.

to up. to bream, breastwork (of a ship).

(of the poop}. breech (of a gun).

loader. breeching, breeze.

light . bridge.

(of steam-boat}, swing .

bridles (of the bowline).

brig.

brine-pump.

to bring to.

she is brought to. to broach to, broadside (of a ship).

to fire a . broker.

ship . brokerage, bucket, buckler, builder (ship), bulk.

laden in .

bras de perroquet defougue. bras barre. bras de la perruche. bras de la contredvadtere. bras de hune. bras de perroquet. cargue,/ carguer. chauffer, fronteau, m. fronteau de la dunette. culasse,/ [la culasse.

canon, or fusil se chargeant par brague,/ brise, f. petite brise, f. pont, m. passerelle, f. pont tournant, m. branches, /. //. (de boulines). brick, m.

pompe d'exhaustion, / mettre en panne. son erre est coup'ee. lancer dans le vent, embarder cote, m. [au vent.

tirer une bordee. courtier, m. courtier maritime, m. courtage, m. seau, m. gatte,/

constructeur, m. charge,/ en vrac.

10

to break bulk. bulkhead, bull's-eye, bullet.

bulwarks (of ships), bumboat. bumkin. bunker.

coal . bunt, buntlines. buoy.

life—.

rope. to—.

buoyancy, buoyant.

burden (of a ship). ship jooo tons burgee, burton pendants.

cabin.

(captain's), fore . state .

passenger.

boy. cable.

's length. caboose, cadet, calk, calker. calking.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

commencer le dechargement.

cloison, f.

cosse de bois,/.

balle,/

pavois, m.

bateau a provisions.

minot, m.

soute,/

soute au charbon.

le sein d'une voile.

cargues-fonds.

bouee,/

bouee de sauvetage, f.

orin^ m.

baliser.

legerete", /.

flottant.

contenance,/, port, m.

vaisseau du port de jooo ton-

guidon, m. \neaux.

pantoires de candelettes,/

chambre,/, cabine,/

chambre du commandant.

cabine d'avant, f.

cabine de premiere classe, f.

passager de premiere classe^ f.

mousse, m.

cable, m.

encablure, f.

la cuisine.

eleve de marine, m.

calfater.

calfat, m.

calfatage, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

II

calking iron. callipers, calm.

dead . can-hook, canister shot, cannon.

ball. cap. cape, capshore. capsize, capstan.

to man the . man /

to heave in at the . captain (of a man-of-war).

(merchant navy).

(of the watch}'.

(of the gun}. careen (to), careening-place. cargo.

general . carling. carpenter (of a ship).

chief . cartridge (of rifle).

(of gun}. casting.

cast loose (the ropes) (to), cat.

to (the anchor].

block.

head.

calfait, m.

compas de calibre, m.

calme, m.

calme plat.

une £lingue a pattes, /, une

mitraille,/ [patte a futailles.

canon, m.

boulet de canon, m.

chouquet, m.

cap, m.

epontille. /, chouque, /

chavirer.

cabestan, m.

mettre du monde au cabestan.

au cabestan !

virer au cabestan.

capitaine de vaisseau, m.

capitaine au long cours, m.

chef de quart, m.

chef de piece, m.

abattre en carene.

carenage, m.

cargaison,/., chargement, f>i.

un chargement en cueillette.

traversin, m.

charpentier, m.

le maitre charpentier.

cartouche, /

gargousse,f.

faire son abattee.

larguer.

capon, m.

caponner Pancre.

poulie (f.) de capon.

bossoir (m.) de capon.

12

NAUTICAL TERMS.

cat-d1 -nine-tails.

's-fiaw. catch hold ! caulk, chain.

plates.

shot.

s.

wales.

fore chains^ &>c. challenge (a ship) (to), channel.

(of harbour}. —s (of rigging}.

chapelling. chaplain, chart, charter (to).

- (party). charterer.

a ship chartered by govern- check-piece. \nient.

checks, chock (a), chopping sea. chronometer.

to rate the s. circle, clear.

to .

to a vessel.

to up (of the weather). cleat, clew.

garnets.

garcette, f.

gueule (f. ) de rate.

attrapez !

see calk.

chaine, f.

cadeneSj f.

boulets rames, m. pi.

porte-haubans, m. pi.

porte-haubans, m. pi.

see under fore and main.

heler.

canal, m., detroit, m.

passe, f.

porte-haubans, m.

faire chapelle.

un aumonier.

carte marine,/

freter.

la charte par tie.

freteur, m.

un navire frete par I'etat.

safran, m.

jottereaux, m. pi.

une cale.

une mer clapoteuse.

chronometre, m.

rcgler les chronometres.

cercle, m.

degage.

degager.

passer un vaisseau.

s'edaircir.

taquet, m.

point, m.

cargue-fonds, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to dew up.

line. cliff, clinch.

inside .

outside . clipper, close-reefed.

in shore.

hauled. cloud, cloudless, cloudy.

it is . it is getting . coal. to —.

depot.

bunkers. coamings, coast.

the is dear.

to—. coaster, coasting.

trade.

cock-bill (to) the anchor.

cockpit.

cockswain.

coil (of rope).

to— .

collier (ship), colours.

hoist the /

strike the /

carguer.

eargue-point) m.

falaise, /.

cable, m., e'talingure,./.

nceud de bouline double.

nceud de bouline simple.

fin voilier, m., clipper, m.

au bas ris ; & la cape.

prbs de terre.

au plus pres.

nuage, m.

sans nuages.

nuageux, sombre.

le temps est convert.

le temps se couvre.

charbon de terre, m.\ houille,/.

faire son charbon.

depot de charbon.

la soute au charbon.

hiloire,/, surbaux, m. pi.

cote,/, littoral, m. [danger.

la cote est belle > or il rfy a pas de

cotoyer.

caboteur, m.

navigation (/) cotiere.

cabotage, m.

faire peneau.

le poste de malades.

patron de chaloupe.

glene,/

lover.

charbonnier, m.

le pavilion national.

hissez le pavilion !

amenez le pavilion /

NAUTICAL TERMS.

column.

the leading .

the starboard wing .

the port wing .

the leader of a . commander, commission (ship in), commodore, compass.

NORTH. N. b. E. N.N.E. N.E. b. N. N.E.

N.E. b. E. E.N.E. E. b. N.

EAST.

E. b. S. E.S.E. S.E. b. E. S.E.

S.E. b. S. S.S.E. S. b. E.

SOUTH. S. b. W. S.S.W.

S.W. b. S. S.W.

S.W. b. W. W.S.W. W. b. S.

colonne, f.

la colonne de tete.

la colonne de droite.

la colonne de gauche.

le vaisseau de tete^ or chef defile.

capitaine de fregate.

vaisseau (m.) en armement.

chef d'escadre. [mer.

boussole, /., compas (m.) de

NORD. N. % N.E.

N.N.E.

N.

N.E. N.E. N.E. _ E.N.E7 E. i/ N.E

E.

EST.

E. # S.E. E.S.E. S.E. # E. S.E.

S.E. # S, S.S.E. S. # S.E.

SUD.

S. % S.O. S.S.O. S.O. # S. S.O. S.O. # O.

o.s.o. o. x s.o.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

WEST. W. b. N. W.N.W.

N.W. b. W. N.W.

N.W. b. N. N.N.W. N. b. W.

QUEST.

O. % N.O.

O.N.O.

N.O.

N.O.

N.O.

N.N.O.

N. N.O.

O.

N.

N.B. On the French compass, X 'ls pronounced quart, some- what like car in carmine.

compass. azimuth . a point of the . standard . steering .

course.

error.

a pair of es. compressor, condenser, condensing engine.

» conning.

consignee.

consul.

consulate.

convoy.

cook.

copper.

bottomed. , cot.

counter.

course (of a ship). fore .

compas de variations.

une aire de vent.

le compas etalon.

le compas de route.

la route au compas.

correction du compas.

un compas, m.

e"trangloir, m. [m.

condenseur, m., condensateur,

une machine a condensation.

machine a basse pression.

faire gouverner.

consignataire, m.

consul, m.

consulat, m.

convoi, m.

coq, m.

cuivre, m.

double en cuivre.

cadre, m.

voute,/.

la route.

la misaine.

i6

NAUTICAL TERMS.

mam course. courses, coxswain, cradle, craft, crane.

steam . crank.

(a ship that is). creek.

crew.

gun's . cringle, cross-sails.

trees.

crossing (by sea), crow-bar, crow's-foot, crowd all sail (to), cruise (to), cruise, crutches, current, custom-house.

officer.

to pass the customs.

duty. cutter.

ist .

2nd . cutwater, cylinder.

davits.

la grand1 voile. les basses voiles, un patron de chaloupe. ber, m.

embarcation,/ grue,/

grue a vapeur. manivelle, f.

vaisseau portant mal la toile. anse,/, crique,/ equipage, m. servants, m. pi. patte,/. see sails.

barres traversieres^ f. pi. traversee, / pince, /

une araignee de tente. force de voiles, aller en croisiere, croiser. croisiere,/, campagne,/ dames,/ courant, m. douane,/ douanier, m. passer en douane. droit de douane. cotre, m. canot numero I . canot numero 2. taille-mer, m. cylindre, m.

les bossoirs d'embarcation, les porte-manteaux, or les pistolets d'embarcation.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

day's work (of a ship).

dead calm.

eye.

block.

lights.

reckoning.

water.

works. deck.

between s.

flush .

gun .

main .

lower .

middle .

upper .

orlop deck.

poop >-.

quarter .

spar .

to clear the s.

to—.

two er.

three er. deep sea lead, deflection (of needle), demurrage, departure, depth.

of hold. derelict, derrick, dingy.

dip (of needle).

la route du vaisseau dans les

24 heures, or le point, un calme plat. cap (m.) de mouton. poulie (f.) a moque. faux mantelets, m. //., faux la route estimee. \sabordS) m.pl. le remous du silla^c, m. ceuvres morteS) f. pi. pont, m. entre-pont) m. pont entier, m. batterie, f. premier pont) m. premier pont) m. secon*

m.

troisieme pont) in.

faux pont) m.

dunette)f.

le gaillard d'arriere.

pont sur montants.

faire branle-bas.

pouter.

navire a deux ponts.

navire a trois ponts.

la grande sonde.

declinaison,/.

surestaries, / //.

le chemin est ou ouest.

profondeur,/.

creiiX) m.) or creux sur payol.

epave, /

un mat de rechange.

youyou, m.

Pinclinaison,/.

c

i8

NAUTICAL TERMS.

dipping-needle, disembark (to), disembarkment. distress (in).

to hoist a flag of .

signal of . dive (to), diver, diving-bell, dividers, dock.

dry .

floating .

dues*

to—. dockyard, dog vane, dog watch, dolphin striker, donkey-engine, double (a cape) (to), downhaul. draft (of water), drag, draught dress (to) ship, drift (to), drift.

drive (to), driven ashore, driver (sail), drizzle (to), drizzling rain.

drop down with the tide (to), duck (canvass).

une aiguille d'inclinaison. debarquer. debarquement, m. en detresse.

mettre son pavilion en berne. signal de detresse. plonger. plongeur, m. une cloche a plongeur. compas (m.} a pointes seches. bassin, m. bassin a sec. bassin aflot. les droits de bassin. f air e passer au bassin. un arsenal de la marine, chan- penon, m. [tier, m.

petits quarts, m. pi. un arc-boutant de martingale, petit-cheval, m. doubler. hale-bas, m. tirant d'eau, m. drague,/ see draft, pavoiser. deliver, derive, f.

deriver. jete a la cote.

fleche-en-cul, f.

brouillasser.

pluie fine,/

descendre en jusant.

toile (/.) a voiles.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

dunnage.

dusk.

duty.

to be on .

to be off .

the officer on . duties (custom).

ease (a cable) (to), ease off!

her! east.

the—.

wind.

ward. ebb.

tide.

eccentric (of engine), eddy.

edge away (to), embargo, embark (to).

(ofone's-self). embarkation, engine.

room, fire .

high-pressure .

low-pressure .

triple-expansion .

quadruple-expansion

100 horse . engineer, ensign, evolutions.

fleet . eye.

fardage, m.

la brune.

le service.

Mre de service.

ne pas ttre de service.

rofficier de service.

droits, m. pi.

filer (un cable).

larguer !

doucement !

est ; pronounce the /.

f orient, m., lyestt m.

le vent d'est.

& rest.

reflux, m.

jusant, m.

1'excentrique, /

remous, m.

s'eloigner.

embargo, m.

embarquer.

s'embarquer.

embarquement, m.

machine,/

la chambre des machines.

une pompe a incendie.

une machine d haute pression.

machine a basse pression.

machine & triple expansion.

machine d quadruple expansion.

machine de cent chevaux.

me'canicien, m.

le pavilion de poupe.

Evolutions,/, manoeuvres,///.

manoeuvres d'escadre.

ceil, m.

20

flemish eye. eyelet hole, fair (weather).

wind. fathom.

to feather the oar. feathering paddle, fender (of boat), ferry-boat.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to

over.

man. fid (of mast).

(splicing), to—.

fiddle block, fife rail, fire.

to light the s.

to bank the .

plug.

to (a gun). fire! fish davit.

tackle.

to (the anchor). fisherman, fishing.

boat. flag.

ship.

of truce.

(half-mast high), to strike the .

of truce (the bearer of a).

ceil a laflamande.

un ceil de pie.

beau temps.

Ion vent.

brasse,* /

mettre la rame a plat.

une aube articulee.

defense, /

bac, m.

passer.

passeur^ m.

cle,/

epissoir, m.

mettre en cle.

une poulie en violon.

ratelier, m.

feu, m.

allumer les feux.

conservtr les feux allum'es.

une prise d'eau.

tirer un coup de canon.

feu!

le bossoir de traversiere.

traversiere, f.

traverser Vancre.

pecheur, m.

la peche.

bateau pecheur.

pavilion, m.

vaisseau amiral, m.

le pavilion parlementaire,

drapeau blanc.

le pavilion en berne, or a mi-mat, amener le pavilion, un parlementaire, m.

le

' The French ' brasse ' is equal to I '624 metre, or very nearly 5 ft. 4 inches. An English 'fathom ' is equal to 1*829 metre = 6 feet..

NAUTICAL TERMS.

21

flag-staff. fleet, float (to).

a . flood

tide. flotsam, flow (to). - fly-boat, foam, foamy.

F. O. B. (free on board), focus.

to focus. focussing, fog.

horn.

signal. it is foggy, foot.

rope. force-pump, fore.

braces.

cabin.

course.

chains.

and main top sails.

mast.

royal.

royal mast.

sail.

stay.

sky-sail.

spencer.

le mat de pavilion. flotte,/. surnager. flotteur, m. maree,/ maree,f.,flot, m. le jet de la mer. couler. flibot, m. e*cume, f. e'cumeu-x, -se. sous vergues. foyer, m. mtttre au point. la mise au point, brume, f. \a bouquin.

une trompe de brume, un cornet un signal de brume. il y a de la brume, pied, m. (see Table III.). marchepied, m. une pompe foulante. la misaine. bras de misaine. la chambre d'avant. misaine, f.

porte haubans de misaine. huniers, m. pi. m&t (m.) de misaine. petit cacatois. petit mat de cacatois. misaine, f. un etai de misaine. petit cacatois volant, misaine goelctte.

22

NAUTICAL TERMS.

fore stay-sail.

tackle.

top.

top-sail.

top-mast.

top-mast stay-sail.

top-gallant mast.

top-gallant sail.

yard.

and aft. forecastle, forecastle, foreland, fore-tackle.

fork and lashing eyes.

forward.

foul.

to (of the anchor).

to (hawse). frame (of ship), freight.

(price}, to—.

freighter.

frigate.

frost.

fuel.

funnel (of steamer).

furl (to) a sail.

furnace.

futtock shrouds.

gaff.

at the end of the . spanker .

la trinquette. le greement de favant. hune de misaine. petit hunier. petit mat de hune. petit foe.

mat de petit perroquet. petit perroquet. vergue de misaine. de Pavant a Varriere. le poste de 1'equipage. le gaillard d'avant. promontoire, m. la candelette. fourche de collier d'etai. a 1'avant. engage.

surjaler, engager une ancre. avoir des tours de chame. membrure, f. cargaison, / fret, m. freter. affreteur, m. fregate, / la gelee. combustible, m. cheminee,/, tuyau, m. serrer une voile, fourneau, m. gambes (/) de revers.

pic, m. au pic. la come.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

gaff sail.

halliards.

top-sail. gale, galleys.

gammonings of the bowsprit. gangway.

port. gantline. garboard strake. garnet.

clew . gasket, gauge.

(draft of water), steam .

gear.

to throw out of .

gjg-

gin-block.

girt-line. glass (spy).

weather .

hour . go about (to).

ahead!

astern ! going free.

let her go off!

to go into dock.

to (down a river].

to (up a river). goods, goose neck, grapnel.

voile a corne.

drisses du pic.

flechc d'artimon, f.

tempete,/

cuisine,/.

liures (/) de beaupre.

passavant, m.

la portiere.

cartahu, m.

gabord, m.

bredindin, m.

un cargue-pomt. [ferlage.

jarretiere, f. \ un raban de

jauge, m.

le tirant d*eau.

manonietre, m.

drisse, f. ; gre"ement, m.

arreter.

yole,/ ; youyou, m.

chape, f.

cartalin, m.

telescope, m.

barometre, m.

sablier, m.

virer de bord vent devant.

en avant!

en arrtere!

courant largue,

laissez arriver !

se radouber.

descendre, aller en aval.

monter, aller en amont.

marchandises,/ pi.

potence, /.

grappin, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

grappling-chains. gratings, graving dock, gripe, grommet. guard ship, guesswarp. gun (cannon).

boat.

(rifle), rifled .

barrel.

carriage.

cotton.

deck.

port.

room.

officers.

shot (distance).

tackle purchase, morning . evening .

gunpowder.

gunsmith.

gunwale.

guy.

rope.

tackle. gybe (to).

hail.

(within). halliard, hammer.

grappins, m. pi. caillebotis, m. bassin (m.) de radoub. brion, m.

estrope (/.) k ersiau. vaisseau amiral. faux bras elonge" en creance. canon, m. canonniere, f. fusil, m. canon raye. canon de fusil, affiit, m. fulmi-coton, m. batter ie^f. sabord, m.

fausse sainte barbe, f. le poste des aspirants, sous ojficiers.

a portee de fusil, de canon. Hague, f.

le coup de canon de diane. le coup de canon de retraite. la poudre a canon, armurier, m. plat-bord, m. hauban de bout dehors. maroquin, m. palan (m.) de suspente. gambe'yer.

la grele.

a portee de voix. drisse, /. marteau, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

handsomely !

handspike.

hands (the) on board.

all ahoy ! hank, harbour.

dues.

master.

of refuge, tidal .

hatches, hatchway, haul (to).

aft!

down ! (sails).

in !

out ! up !

taut !

hauling to the wind, haulyard.

haven, hawse hole.

—plug. hawser.

(small), towing .

bend. haze.

head (of a ship). mast . figure .

wind. headland, health (bill of).

(board of)

en douceur ! anspect, m. les homines.

tout It monde sur le pont ! rocambeau, m. port, m.

droits de mouillage. capitaine de port, port de refuge, port de maree. e"coutilles, f. pi. ecoutille, / haler. bordez ! amenez ! halez d bord! hissez !

raidissez / embraquez ! serrer le vent, drisse, /

havre, m, ; port, m. ecubier, m. tampon, m. haussiere,/ faux bras, m. pi. remorque, f. n&ud de plein poing, m. brume, /

1'avant, m.jle cap. see under mast, guibre, m.; eperon, m. vent debout. pointe, /.

patente de sant£, /. le bureau de la sante.

26

NAUTICAL TERMS.

heart, heave (to).

away.

down.

in at the capstan.

to.

heave up the anchor ! heavily laden, heel (of a mast).

rope. helm.

the ship answers her .

the man at the .

port.

mind the /

put the up ! helmsman, high water.

mark.

hitch.

blackwall .

double .

bowline .

cafs-paw .

clove .

half—.

and timber hitch.

and seizing.

marling .

marling-spike .

rolling .

timber . hitch (to). H.M.S.

moque, / jeter, lever.

virer.

virer en carene.

virer au cabestan.

mettre en panne.

derapez !

pesamment charge.

pied, m.

braguet, m.

gouvernail, m.

le navire gouverne bien.

Fhomme de barre.

le trou dejaumilre.

attention a la barre !

arrive un peu !

timonnier, m.

maree haute, f.

le niveau des hautes

noeud, m.

nceud de bee d'oiseau.

noeud de bee d'oiseau double.

noeud de chaise.

gueuh de rate.

demi-clef s a capeler.

demi-clef, f.

demi-clef et barbouquet.

ajut avec demi-clef et amarrage.

transfilage avec demi-clef.

nceud de griff e^patte (f. ) de chat,

noeud de tresillon. laguis, m.) nceud de bosse^ m. nceud de bois. nouer, amarrer. Vaisseau de sa Majeste.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

hogged, hogging, hogshead, hoist (of a sail). to— .

(with a winch}.

in (to).

out (to).

taut up /

away / hoisting, hold.

depth of . hold on !

homeward bound, hook.

(boat), fish .

horse-power.* hose (fire), houseline. housing a mast, hove to. hulk, hull.

hurricane, husband (ship's).

ice.

arque.

passer le goret.

barrique,/

guindant, m. (de voile).

hisser.

guindcr.

embarquer.

debarquer.

etarquez !

hissez J

guindage, m.

cale,/

le creux sur payol.

tenez bon !

sur son retour.

croc, m.

hamefon, m. cheval vapeur, m. une manche k eau. merlin, m. caler un mat. en panne. ponton, m. coque, /. ; carene, /. ouragan, m. gdrant, m.

glace,/

* The English horse-power is equivalent to the work clone by con- tinuous exertion, at the rate of 33,000 Ibs. raised through one foot in one minute. Cheval vapeur is now equivalent to 100 kilogrammetres. The kilogrammetre is equal to the work done by the continuous exertion necessary to raise one kilogramme, one metre, in one second. The English horse-power is equal to seventy-six kilogrammetres.

[AUTICAL TERMS.

ice-field.

berg. import duty.

commerce. inch.

Indiaman (East), inlet, insurance.

Lloyd's . invoice, iron.

galvanized .

hoop .

cast .

pig—.

sheet .

wrought .

clad.

wire. island, isthmus.

jacket (of engine), jib.

flying —.

flying guys, standing .

boom, flying boom.

stay. jigger, jury-mast.

kedge. kedging.

un bane de glace, banquise, f. le droit d'entree. commerce (m.) d* importation pouce (see Table III.), navire des Indes. un bras de mer. assurance, /. assurance maritime, f. facture, /. fer, m.

fer galvanise, m. dufeuillard. de lafonte. gueuse, f. de la tole,f. du fer forge, cuirasse, blinde. dufil defer, m. ile,/. isthme, m.

chemise, /. foe, m. din foe, m. martingale, f. grand foe, m. bout dehors defoc. bout dehors de din foe. draille, f. tapecul, m. mat de fortune.

ancre a jet. se touer.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

keel.

false . keelson, keep her away ! kentledge, knees.

knight heads, knot.

to run 12 knots an hour.

how many knots do we run ?

to tie a .

running bowline .

slip .

sheet -. fisherman's bend .

shroud .

buoy-rope .

reef .

figure of 8 .

half-crown .

horse-shoe .

Matthew Walker .

standing Turks head .

stopper .

selvagee strop .

wall .

two bowlines .

cafs-paw .

quille,/ fausse quille. carlingue, /

laissez arriver ! laissez porter, gueuse,/ courbes,///. les apotres. nceud,* m.

filer 12 nceuds a Vheure. combien filons-nous ? faire un nceud. nceud d'anguille. nceud cotdant. nceud d'ecoute. nceud de grappin. nceud de hauban. nceud d'orin. nceud plat, nceud d'arret. amarrage en etrive. nceud de griffe. nceud de ride, bonnet turc. cul de pore double. - erse en bitord. cul de pore simple, nceud d'agui. une gueule de rate.

* The French nautical mile, or knot, like the English nautical mile, or knot, is the length of a minute of latitude. Though it is different for every latitude, it is considered to be equal to 1852 metres, that is, 6076*40 feet. As the Admiralty knot is equal to 6080 feet, the difference between the French and the English nautical miles is then equal to 3*60 feet, a difference which it is hardly necessary to take into consideration except for very long distances.

30

ladder.

lading (bill of), lamp- oil. land.

to— . landing.

place or stage. laniard or lanyard, lantern.

(of lighthouse). larboard (see port), latch.

latitude, to launch.

a . lay days, to lay up. lead.

the (for sounding).

red .

white .

to heave the .

deep-sea . leading seaman, leadsman, to leak.

to spring a . leakage, lee (on the).

side, brought by the .

shore.

tide.

way. leech (of a sail).

NAUTICAL TERMS.

echelle, / connaissement, m. huile (/) a bruler. terre,/ \terre (of goods),

debarquer (passengers), mettre a debarquement, m. debarcadere, m. aiguillette,/, ride,/, lanterne, /. fanal, m. babord, m. linguet, m. latitude, /

mettre a 1'eau, lancer. chaloupe,f. jours de planche. desarmer, desemparer. plomb, m. sonde, f. minium, m. du blanc de ceruse, jeter la sonde. grande sonde. gabier, m. le sondeur. faire eau.

faire une vote d'eau. voie d'eau,/ sous le vent. cote sous le vent, empanne. lerre sous le vmt. maree portant sous le vent, derive, f. chute, f.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

leech line. leeward (to).

keep to of . lens, let go !

letter of mark, lieutenant (first).

sub . life belt.

boat.

buoy. lifts.

light house.

ship, floating .

house keeper, first order . fixed .

revolving .

occulting .* flashing .

a flash every minute.

electric .

to burn a (signal}.

twinkling . flare-up .

mast head . port bow .

starboard bow .

signal s.

a red .

a green .

cargue bouline, f. sous le vent.

arrivez pour . lentille,/ larguez !

lettre de marque, lieutenant de vaisseau. un enseigne.

ceinture (/) de sauvetage. un canot de sauvetage. bouee (f.) de sauvetage. balancines, f. pi. phare, /«., feu, m. phare flottant) m. un feu flottant. gardien de phare. unfeu de premier ordre. un feu fixe, unfeu tournant. feu a eclipses, feu d eclats.

un eclat de minute en minute, lumiere electrique. bruler une amorce, feu scintillant. feu a eclats, feu de tete de mat. feu de babord. feu de tribord. feux de signaux. un feu rouge, unfeu vert.

* Always known by that name in the merchant service, as intermittent light.

The same

NAUTICAL TERMS.

a white light.

a on the port bow !

a ahead ! lighter, limbers.

(boards}. line, loading, loadstone.

log (to measure speed). to heave the .

book. longitude, long stay, loof. look-out (the).

to be on the . to keep a good .

look out ! low water.

mark.

lower mast.

yard.

to a boat, to—.

away. lubber's point. to luff.

luffer boards, lug-sail.

dipping .

standing . lugger, lull

unfeu blanc.

un feu par le bossoir de babord! unfeu devant ! allege,/

anguilliers, m. pi. paradoses, pi. corde,/, amarre,/. chargement, m. aimant, m. loch, m. jeter le loch, journal de bord, m. longitude,/ virer a long pic. lof, m. vigie,/ tire en vigie. veiller - bien, faire bon quart,

avoir rceil au bossoir. veille !

la maree basse. le niveau des basses eaux. bas-mat, m. basse vergue^f.

mettre une embarcation a la mer. baisser. amener. ligne de foi. loffer.

auvents articules, m. pi. une voile a bourcet voile a bourcet gambeyant. voile a bourcet fixe. lougre, m. ; chasse-maree, m. accalmie, /

NAUTICAL TERMS.

33

lump (in a dockyard), lying to.

magnet, mail steamer, main chains.

course.

mast.

royal.

sail.

sheet.

stay-sail.

top.

top-sail.

top-mast.

top-gallant mast.

top-gallant sail.

yard.

making a sternboard. manger, man-of-war.

to man (the yards), map.

of the world. marine (a soldier).

royal light infantry.

royal artillery. mariner's compass, marline spike.

hitch. mast.

at head of the .

head rigging.

head rope, three ed.

une chaloupe de port, etre a la cape.

aimant, ra.

paquebot-poste, m. [m. pi.

porte haubans de grand mat,

grand*voile, /.

grand mat, m.

grand cacatois, m.

grand* voile, f.

grand? ecoute, f.

pouilleust, f.

grand1 hune, f.

grand hunier, m.

grand mat de hune^ m.

mat de grand perroquet, m.

grand perroquet, m.

grand 'vergue, f.

culer.

e"cubier de pont, m.

batiment de guerre, m.

monter les vergues.

carte, /

mappemonde, f.

soldat de marine.

rinfanterie de marine.

V artillerie de marine.

la boussole.

e"pissoir, m.

nceud de tresillon, m.

mat, m.

aux barres de cacatois, f. pi.

capelage, m.

guinderesse, f.

a trots mats.

34

NAUTICAL TERMS.

a three master. masting, master mariner, mean time, G.M.T. Mercator's charts, merchantman, merchant vessel, ante-meridiem, A.M.

post— (P.M.). midshipman, midships, milky way. mine.

submarine . miss (to) stays, mizen.

mast.

chains.

mast-cap.

royal.

royal-mast.

top.

lug.

top-mast.

top-sail.

tap-gallant mast.

top-gallant sail. monsoon.

moon.

age of the .

new . first quarter.

full—.

last quarter. moored (to be).

un trois mats, m.

mater.

capitaine au long cours.

temps moyen, m., T.M.

cartes reduites,/

navire marchand, m.

batiment (m.) de commerce.

avant-midi, M.

apres-midi (soir), S.

aspirant de marine, m.

par le travers.

la voie lactee.

mine,/

mine sous-marine, f.

manquer a virer.

misaine, f.

mat cTartimon.

porte hauban d'artimon.

chouquet (m. ) d'artimon.

cacatois de perruche.

mat de cacatois de perruche.

la hune d'artimon.

tapecul, m.

mat de per roquet defougue.

perroquct defougue.

mat de perruche.

perruche, f.

mousson,/

la lime.

I' age de la lune.

la nouvelle lune.

le premier quartier.

la pleine lune.

le dernier quartier.

etre affourche.

?

1ICAL TERMS.

35

mooring. s.

buoy.

ring. mop.

mouse a hook (to), muzzle (of a gun).

nautical almanac.

naval school.

cadet. navy.

royal .

merchant .

the English .

the French . neap-tide, needle (compass), net. netting (of a ship).

needle.

pin. no higher, noon, north, nothing off !

oakum, oar.

bow .

stroke .

s!

to lie on the s.

back the s !

amarrage, w. corps mort) m. coffrc, m.

vadrouille, /. moucheter un croc. la bouche (d'un canon).

la connaissance des temps, les

e"phe"merides maritimes. e"cole de marine,/ un eleve de Vecole navale. marine, f. la marine militaire. la marine marchande. la marine anglaise. la marine fran$aise. maree de morte eau, /, mare'e la boussole. [de quadrature. filet, m. bastingage, m. navette, f. moule, m. pas plus pres. midi, m. nord, m. n'arrivez pas !

etoupe, /.

aviron, ;;/., rame,/

aviron de Favant.

aviron de rarriere.

leve rames /

rester sur les avJrons.

sciez ! nage a culer !

D 2

NAUTICAL TERMS.

bend to your oars !

ship your s /

unship your s ! off!

lying .

to get . officer.

naval . offing (in the), orlop deck, outhaul.

rigger. overhaul (to).

(a sail).

packet boat. steam . paddle (of canoe).

of steamer.

box.

steamer.

wheel, feathering .

painter.

parallel motion.

parbuckle.

parcel a rope (to).

parrel.

partners.

pass a stopper (to).

passage.

money. passenger, paul.

to— .

nagez de long! armez I desarmez ! au large ! a la hauteur de. gagner le large. officier, m. officier de marine. au large, faux pont, m. drisse,/ boute lof, m. visiter. affaler.

paquebot, m.

paquebot a vapeur, m.

pagaie,/

aube, f.

tambour, m.

un vapeur a aubes. .

rotie (f-) a aubes.

roue a aubes articulees.

bosse,/

le parallelogramme de Watt.

trevire, f.

limander.

racage, m.

les etambrais, m.

fouetter une bosse.

traversee, f.

le prix de la traversee.

passag-er, -ere.

linguet, m.

mettre les linguets a.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

37

pay the ship's head off (to).

paymaster.

pay.

half—. peak. to— .

halliards. pendant (flag).

broad . pendulum. pennant. periodic time. pier.

dues. pilot.

boat. pilotage fee. pinnace. pintle. pitch.

pitching (of a ship). point (of the compass).

a rope (to). pole.

star. poop.

port (harbour).

Jwle.

(side of ship]*

faire retomber 1'avant du navire.

officier payeur.

la solde.

la solde entiere.

la demi-solde.

pic, m.

apiquer.

drisses (f. pi.) du pic.

flamme,/

guidon^ m.

pendule, m., balancier, m.

pantoire, /

revolution side*rale,/

jete"e,/

le droit dejetee.

pilote, m.

bateau-pilote.

frais de pilotage.

le grand canot.

aiguillot, m.

poix,/, brai, m.

tangage, m.

une aire de vent.

faire une queue de rat.

pole, m.

'etoile polaire, f.

dunette,/

port, m.

sabord, m.

babord) m.

* In the French navy the words babord and tribord, 'port' and 'star- board,' have reference to the head of the ship, and not to the helm. Thus the command babord! 'port!' does not mean that the helm is to be put over to port, but that the head of the ship is to go to port. When the order refers specially to the tiller, the French officer com-

NAUTICAL TERMS.

port!

on the bow. on the tack, hard a / haul up the s (to), lower the s (to). powder.

magazine. pressure gauge.

high .

low . privateer, prow, to pull (with an oar).

port !

starboard 7 to stroke.

pump. main s.

well.

to work a . , pumping engine. to put about (a ship).

back.

to put into port.

in for.

quadrant, quarantine.

to perform . quarter-master.

babord ' !

par babord devant. babord amures. babord tout ! ouvrir les sabords. fermer les sabords. poudre, f.

la soute aux poudres. manometre, m. a haute pression. a basse pression. un corsaire. proue, /. nager. nage babord ! nage tribord! donner la nage. pompe,/ pompes royales, f. V archipompe. manozuvrer une pompe. une machine d'epuisement. virer. relacher. relacher. faire route pour.

un quart de cercle. la quarantaine. faire la quarantaine. gabier, quartier-maitre.

mands, babord la barrel tribord la barrel In English, the order always refers to the tiller supposed to be used, and the kind of steering-gear employed makes no difference.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

39

quarter-deck.

le gaillard d'arriere.

quay.

quai (pronounced kay), in.

rabbet.

rablure, /.

race (tide).

raz (m.) de mare'e.

raft.

radeau, m.

rail (of a ship).

lisse,/

rain.

pluie, /

drizzling .

bruinc, f.

heavy .

grosse pluie.

awning.

taud, m.

gauge.

pluvionietre, in.

rainy.

pluvieu-x, -se.

ram (of a ship).

£peron, m.

ramrod (of rifle).

baguette, f.

(of cannon).

refouloir, m.

ratlines.

enflechures, f. pi.

ready about !

pare a virer !

reckoning.

estime, /.

dead .

la route estim'ee.

red.

rouge.

reef (rock).

r£cif, m.

reef.

ris, m.

to take a .

prendre un ris.

to shake out a .

larguer un ris.

close reefed.

au bas ris.

bands.

bandes de ris.

knot.

n&ud plat.

tackle.

palanquin^ m.

to reeve.

passer.

to refit.

se radouber.

revenue cutter.

patache, f.

ribs.

membres, m. pi.

rifle.

fusil, m., carabine,/

rig.

gr£ement, in.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to rig. rigged (the sails).

square ship.

barque .

de Horsey . rigging.

standing .

running .

lower .

topmast .

of masts (the). ring (of anchor).

(of moorings). rhumb.

river.

up the .

down the .

in the . R. N. roadstead, roband.

to roll (like a ship), rolling tackle, rope.

(i to 2 inches'), bolt .

foot (yards), leech .

band.

maker.

yarn, tow .

hawser laid . shroud laid . cable laid .

greer.

voile".

un carre.

gree en barque.

gree a la de Horsey.

greement, m., capelage, m.

manoeuvres dormantes, f.

manoeuvres courantes,/.

capelage de bas mat.

capelage de hune.

le capelage des mats.

cigale,/

organeau, m.

rhumb, m.

riviere,/

en amont.

en aval.

en riviere.

de la marine royale.

rade, f.

une garcette d'envergure.

avoir du roulis.

un palan de roulis.

cordage, m., manoeuvre, f.,

quarantenier^ m. [corde,/!

ralingue^f.

marche-pied, m.

une ralingue de chute.

un raban de tetiere.

cordier, m.

fit de caret) m.

amarre, f.

une aussiere en trois.

une aussiere en quatre.

grelin, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS. 41

rose lashing. aiguilletage, m.

royal yard. la vergue de cacatois.

to row. ramer.

rowlock. tolletiere, /.

row-port. un sabord d'aviron.

rudder. gouvernail, m.

case. le trou dejaumfrre. rule of the road (the). la regie pour gouverner.

to run (between two places), faire le service de a. ... to aground {purposely}. Uhoner.

to run ashore. Reckoner.

saddle. racage, m.

safety valve. la soupape de surete".

sail. voile, /

to . faire voile, naviguer.

(on a particular course). cingler.

to bend a . enverguer une voile,

to unbend a . deverguer une voile,

to carry plenty of . porter de la toile.

to shorten . diminuer de voiles,

to make more . forcer de toile.

gybing a . coiffer une voile,

to loose . largutr les voiles,

to lower a . amener une voile,

to get under . appareiller.

to set . mettre a la voile,

to set a . etablir une voile,

to take a . rentrer une voile,

to trim the s. orienter les voiles,

to take in a . serrer une voile,

to reef a . prendre un ris.

cloth. de la toile a voile.

loft. la voilerie.

maker. voilier.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

studding sail, square s. stay . try .

fore and aft s. head (of a sail), leech . luff-, foot . clews . tack . sheets . sailing. plane . traverse . rate of . great circle .

vessel, sailings (list of).

sailor, saloon.

passenger. salute.

to fire a .

to return a .

a of 21 guns. samson's post, screw (of steamer), to scud.

under bare poles. scupper.

scuttle (of a ship).

to . sea.

bonnette.

voiles carrees.

voile d'etai.

voiles goelettes.

voiles auriques.

t'etiere,f.

chute, f.

lofj m.

fond) m.

les points d^ecoute.

amure, f.

ecoutes, f.

navigation, /

navigation a Vaide des cartes.

navigation a la bouline.

la vitesse du navire.

navigation orthodromique, or

sur Varc de' grand cercle. navire a voile, navires en partance. marin, m. grand salon. voyageur de premiere. salut, m. faire un salut. rendre un salut. un salut de 21 coups de canon. epontille, f.

helice, / [devant le temps, avoir le vent sous vergue, fuir coiirir a sec. dalot, m. hublot, m. saborder, couler bas. mer,/

NAUTICAL TERMS.

43

arm of tJie sea. a .

at— .

high s.

inland .

open .

to put to .

to ship a .

to go to .

to stand out to .

to come from the .

chart.

coast.

man.

port.

shore.

the state of the .

calm .

chopping .

high —.

heavy .

long .

squally .

short .

smooth .

very smooth .

very heavy .

the is getting up.

tJie is falling. seaman, seamanship, seizing.

flat—.

throat .

racking .

un bras de mer.

un coup de liter.

sur mer.

la pleine mer.

mer interieure.

la pleine mer.

mettre & la mer.

embarquer un coup de mer.

prendre la mer.

se tenir au large.

venir de la mer.

carte marine, f.

la cote, le littoral.

homme de mer.

port de mer, m.

cote, f.

Petat de la mer.

mer belle.

mer clapoteuse.

grosse mer.

mer Jiouleuse.

mer longue.

mer assez grosse.

mer courte.

mer plate.

mer tres belle.

mer furieuse.

la mer sefait.

la mer tombe.

marin, matelot, m.

manoeuvre,/, matelotage, m.

amarrage, m.

amarrage a plat.

amarrage plat double.

amarrage en portugaise.

44

sennit.

French . sentry.

serve a rope (to), setting up rigging, sextant, shackle.

sheave hole (of mast), sheepshank, sheet (rope).

tackle. shelf-piece, shell (shrapnel).

(bomb}. shift (of the wind), ship.

a full-rigged . on board . 's company. 's steward.

of the line, sailing . steam . screw .

starboard wing . port wing .

the rear .

training .

training for naval cadets

training for boys.

broker.

builder.

chandler.

owner.

's husband.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

:

tresse anglaise,/.

tresse, f.

factionnaire, m.

fourrer une manoeuvre.

rider le greement.

sextant, m.

manille, f.

caisse, /.

une jambe de chien.

£coute, f.

un palan de retenue.

la bauquiere.

obus, m.

bombe, f.

une saute de vent.

navire, m., batiment, m.

un carre.

a bord.

V equipage, m.

le commis aux vivres.

vaisseau de ligne.

navire d voile.

navire a vapeur.

navire a helice.

le vaisseau de droite.

le vaisseau de gauche.

le vaisseau de queue, or serre-jile.

un vaisseau ecole.

V ecole de marine, f.

V ecole des mousses, f.

courtier maritime".

constructeur de navires.

fournisseur de navires.

armateur.

le gerant du bord.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

45

ship's papers.

yard. shipment, shipping.

agent.

charges.

intelligence.

/y»

office. shore.

to shove off (a boat), shove off! shrapnel, shrouds, sight (in).

within .

to lose of land.

to take s. signal.

sink (of a ship), skipper.

skylight (of a ship), slab-lines, slack off! sling (to).

butt . sloop.

of war. slops (of a sailor), smack (fishing), smuggler, sound, sounding.

to try the s. south, southerly.

les papier s du bord. chantier, m. chargement, m. la marine marchande. expediteur, m. frais de mise a bord. nouvelles de mer. une agence maritime. la terre, le littoral, pousser au large, an large ! obus, m. haubans, m. pi. en vue.

a portee de la vue. perdre la terre de vue. prendre des observations. signal, /«., signaux,//. la sentine. patron, m. claire-voie, f. fausses-cargues, f. mollissez ! elinguer. elingue double, f. sloop, m. corvette, f.

les effets d'habillement. bateau pecheur. contrebandier, m. sonde,^ sondage, m. chercher la sonde. sud (see compass), du sud, du midi.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

spanker.

boom.

-gaff.

peak halliard,

spar.

spare s. speed.

half—, full —. spider, splice.

to— .

eye .

long .

short . splicing-fid. sponsons.

rims. sprit-sail, sprocket wheel.

of the capstan.

spun-yard.

squadron (of ships).

square the yards !

squall.

squally.

staff and ball.

stanchion.

quarter s. stand by !

across.

on.

out to sea.

to eastward. standard (flag).

brigantine, f.

gut or borne, f.

come, f.

martinet, m.

espars, m.

drome, f.

vitesse, f.

demi-vapeur.

a toute vapeur.

un arc-boutant de brasseyage.

epissure,/.

ipisser.

ceil episse.

epissure longue, f.

epissure carree, f.

epissoir, m.

les jardins des tambours, m.

elongis des jardins, m. \diere).

voile a livarde (formerly civa-

herisson, m.

la couronne.

bitord, m., fil de caret, ;;/.

escadre,/

brassez carre !

rafale, f.

venteux.

balise, /

e'tangon, m.

jambettes, f. pi.

attention ! soit pare a . . . . !

mettre en travers.

suivre la meme route.

se tenir au large.

faire route a Vest.

pavilion, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

47

standard (timber], starboard.* hard a / on the bow.

a bit! staunch, stay.

back j.t to be smart in . to be in s. to miss s. short s. the ship is hove in steady (hoisting) !

(steering) ! steam.

by .

to get up .

is up ?

is up.

to shut off .

boat.

engine.

pressure gauge.

navigation.

ship, to—.

to full speed.

to away. steamer, to steer.

clear of.

y f. tribord. tribord tout / par tribord devant. tribord un peu / etanche. £tai, m.

galhaubans, m. virer facilement. tire vent devant. manquer a virer. virer a pic. le navire vire bien. doucement ! comme-$a ! vapeur, f. a la vapeur. chauffer.

y-a-t-il de la pression ? il y a de la pression. couper la vapeur. bateau a vapeur. machine a vapeur, f. manometre m. navigation a la vapeur. navire a vapeur, m. jeter de la vapeur. aller a toute vapeur. feloigner. vapeur, m. gouverner. eviter.

* See note on ' port,' p. 37.

t For the names of stays, see under the name of each special one.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to steer close to the wind. steerage.

(fore).

passenger.

on large steamers.

way. steering, steersman, stem.

from to stern. stemson. stern.

ports.

post.

in the sheets.

way. stevedore, steward.

's room.

mess . stirrups, stoke-hole, stoker, stop !

to (the engines).

her !

store-room (on board ship).

storm.

stormy.

stove in.

to stow.

(the anchor]. stowage.

strand (shore).

(of a rope].

gouverner au plus pres.

timonerie,/

I'avant) m.

passag-er, -ere, de Vavant.

passag-er^ -ere, d'entrepont.

tillage, m.

action de gouverner.

timonier, m.

etrave.

de Favant a Farriere.

le marsouin d'avant.

I'arriere, m.

sabords de retraite.

etambot, m.

a I'arriere.

aller en culant.

arrimeur, m.

le commis aux vivres.

la cambuse.

le mdltre d' hotel.

e'triers, m.

la chambre de chauffe.

chauffeur, m.

stop !

stopper.

stoppez I

soute, /

orage, m., ouragan, m.

orageu-x, -se.

defence.

arrimer.

saisir.

Tan-image, m.

P^ge,/, greve,/

toron, m.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

49

stranding, stress of weather, strop.

to put a on a rope.

to put a on a mast. studding sail.

lower .

top-gallant .

boom. submarine, sun.

beam.

rise.

set.

at rise.

at set. supercargo, surf, surge.

- (to). surgeon, swab.

(for gun}. swamped, swell.

there is some . swinging boom. to lie at the .

tack.

(to make a), the gaining .

to make short s. down main / to be on the port .

e'chouement, m.

gros temps, m.

estrope, f. \iiceuvre.

frapper une erse sur une ma-

frapper une erse sur un mat.

bonnette, /

bonnette basse.

bonnette de hunt.

bout dehors de bonnettes.

sous-marin, m,, sous-marine,/

soleil, m.

un rayon de soleil.

le lever du soldi.

le coucJier du soleil.

au lever du soleil.

au coucJier du soleil.

subre"cargue, m.

ressac, m.

lame,/.

choquer.

chirurgien, m.

faubert, m.

ecouvillon^ m.

empli.

houle,/

il y a de la houle.

tangon, m.

sejourner au tangon.

amure, f.

faire une bordee,/. le bon bord. courir a petits bords. amure la grand"1 voile I avoir les amures a babord.

E

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to be on the starboard tack. lee .

to raise tacks and sheets. to—.

to - about. tackle (the) of a ship.

(apparel and furniture). fore .

top— .

deck .

reef .

rolling . taffrail. tar.

to— . target.

to fire at a . tarpaulin. tatoo.

to beat a . telescope. tempest. tempestuous. tender. thermometer. thick (weather). thimble. throat halliards. thrumb (to). thunder.

storm. thwarts.

avoir les amures ft, tribord. amure de rjvers. lever les lofs. virer.

louvoyer, courir une bordee. les apparaux, m. palan a croc, m. \caliorne, f. les agres, m. pL, palan } m.t cartahu double, caliorne, f. marguerite, f. palanquin, m. palan de roulis, m. couronnement, m. goudron, m. goudronner. cible, f. tirer a la cible. toile goudronnee,/ la retraite. battre la retraite* une lunette d'approche, une tempete, / [longue vue.

orageux.

patache,/, allege,/ thermometre, m. brumeux. cosse, f.

une drisse de mat. larder, tonnerre, m. orage, m. les banes de rameurs.

Not to be confounded with battre en retraite , ' to retreat. '

NAUTICAL TERMS.

tidal.

harbour. tide.

flood . ebb— . spring •. neap .

the turn of the . weather . tiller.

ropes . toggle. ton.

tonnage.

register .

net register . top.*

top-mast cross-tree, top-sail.

yard, upper . lower . mizen . buntlines .

schooner. tornado, torpedo.

boat.

to plant a ground locomotive . Whitehead . electric .

de maree. port a maree. mare'e, / leflot.

la maree descendante. \eau. maree de syzygie, maree de vive la morte-eau. le changement de maree. maree portant au vent. drosse (/) de gouvernail. meches, f. cabillot, m. tonneau (English ton = 1016

kilos.), jauge,/ jauge officielle. jauge nette. hune,/.

les barres de perroquet. hunier, m. vergue d'hune. hunier volant, hunier fixe, perroquet defougue. retraite de hune. brick goelette^ m. ouragan, m.t cyclone, m. torpille, f. torpilleur, m.

mouiller une torpille defond. torpille automotrice. la torpille WhiteJuad. torpille electrique.

* See under the names of the different masts and sails.

E 2

NAUTICAL TERMS.

to fish up a torpedo, to explode a . clock-work . tow (stuff).

to (a boat or ship), to take in .

rope. towage, towing.

hawser. transom, tricing line, treenail.

to trim the sails, trough of the sea. truck.

main . trysail (storm), tug. turret ship.

to unbend (a sail).

to (a cable). uniform.

full dress .

undress .

summer dress .

winter dress . union jack, unlading, unloading.

days for . unmoor, unmooring, unrig.

relever une torpille. faire partir une torpille. torpille a mouvement d'horlo- etoupe, f. [gerie.

remorquer.

prendre a la remorque. lefaux bras. la remorque. remorque, f. grelin, m. la barre d'arcasse. suspensoir, m. gournable, /. bien orienter les voil< le creux de la lame, la pomme du mat. la pomme du grand mat. goelette de cape,/ remorqueur, m. navire a tourelle.

deverguer.

detalinguer.

uniforme, m.

la grande tenue.

la petite tenue^ la tenue de service.

la tenue d^ete.

la tenue d'hiver.

le pavilion anglais.

dechargement, m.

jours de slarie. desaffourcher. demarrage, m. degreer.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

53

unship.

oars !

valve.

safety . vane.

variation (of the compass), veer (a cable) (to).

to away cable.

the wind has ed. vessel, victuals.

wages.

wake (of a ship).

wales.

chain . ward-room.

officers. warrant officer, watch.

to be on the . dog—. water.

line.

logged.

spout.

tight. bulkheads.

we called at Malta to , the ship makes .

waterman.

wave.

way.

to get under .

desarmer, d£barquer. Ikve rames I

soupape, / soupape de suret'e. girouette, f.

la variation du compas. filer.

filer du cable. le vent a change. vaisseau, m. les vivres, m.

la solde.

sillage, m.

preceintes, f.

porte haubans, m. pi.

le carre des officiers.

les officiers du carre.

maitre, m.

quart, m.

faire le quart.

les petits quarts.

eau,/

la ligne deflottaison.

plein d'eau.

trombe, f.

etanche.

cloisons etanches. [f air e del' eau,

nous avons relache a Maltepour

le navirefait eau.

batelier, m.

vague,/

erre, f.

appareiller.

54

NAUTICAL TERMS.

under way. to wear. weather.

bad . beautiful . clear . cloudy . cold . damp . dark . dry . fair .

foggy .

foul . fresh . hot . mild . misty . rainy . rough . squally . stormy . sultry . threatening . unsettled . wet .

a change of . forecasts of . the is improving. side. hard a / in stress of . weigh (to be under). to the anchor.

appareiller en marche.

virer lof pour lof.

temps, m.

doubler.

mauvais temps.

beau temps.

temps clair.

temps nuageux.

temps froid.

temps humide.

temps sombre.

temps sec.

beau temps.

temps brumeux.

mauvais temps.

temps J rat's.

temps chaud.

temps doux.

temps embrum'e.

temps pluvieux.

temps dur.

temps a grains.

temps orageux.

temps lourd.

temps mena$ant.

temps incertain.

temps humide.

un changement de temps.

predictions du temps.

le temps s'embellit.

le cote du vent.

arrive tout !

par un gros temps.

etre en marche.

lever I'ancre.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

55

west, whaler, wharfinger, wheel (of helm).

the man at the . whelps, wherry.

whip a rope (to), whistle, winch, wind.

to take the out of a sail.

head . fair .

to haul the .

high .

going before the .

the has veered.

abeam.

a shift of .

on a .

steady .

unsteady .

strong s.

the has lulled.

the is backing.

the is due east.

the freshens.

the is getting up.

how is the ?

northerly .

easterly .

southerly .

westerly .

trade s.

ouest, m.1

un baleinier.

un garde quai.

la roue du gouvernail.

Vhomme de barre.

les taquets de guindeau.

bac, m.j bachot, m.

faire une sourliure.

sifflet, m.

treuil, m.

vent, m.

deventer une voile.

vent debout.

bon vent.

serrer le vent.

grand vent.

avoir vent arriere.

le vent a tourne.

vent de travers.

une saute de vent.

au plus pres.

vent fait.

brise in'egale.

de fortes brises.

le vent a molli.

le vent redescend.

le vent est franc est.

la brise fraichit.

le vent sefait

dou vient le vent ?

vent de nord.

vent d'est.

vent de sud.

vent d "* ouest.

les vents alizes.

NAUTICAL TERMS.

windlass.

windward (to).

wings.

work (to) a ship.

world (to sail round the).

worm (to).

wreck.

yacht, yard.*

top-sail :.

top gallant .

cross jack .

tackle purchase.

arm.

the slings of a .

to square the s.

square s ! yarn.

spun . yoke (of rudder).

zenith, zero.

guindeau, m.

au vent.

cloisons laterales, f.

manoeuvrer un batiment.

faire le tour du monde.

congreer.

naufrage, m.

yacht, m.

vergue,/

la vergue d'hune.

la vergue de per roquet.

vergue de fortune.

un palan de bout de vergue.

un bout de vergue.

la suspente d'une vergue.

dresser les vergues,

brassez carre !

fil de caret, m.

bitord, m.

la barre.

le zenith, zero, m.

* Also see under the special names of yards.

TABLES.

FRENCH METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The system is decimal throughout.

The basis of the system is the metre, which is equal to 39*3708 inches. The mitre is divided into ten parts, called decimetres ; each decimetre into ten parts, called centimetres ; and each centimetre into ten parts, called millimetres. There- fore, i metre = 10 decimetres = 100 centimetres = 1000 milli- metres.

Square and cubic measures are derived from the metre. The sub-divisions of the square and cubic measures are the same as for the linear metre, but naturally

I square metre = 100 square decimetres.

10,000 centimetres. 1,000,000 ,, millimetres.

I cubic

1,000 cubic decimetres. 1,000,000 centimetres. 1,000,000,000 millimetres.

The litre, used for measures of capacity, is equal to the contents of a cube whose side is i decimetre long. There- fore, a cubic decimetre is the same as i litre (not quite an English quart).

The gramme, which is the unit of weight, is equal to the weight of one cubic centimetre of pure water at the tempera- ture of 4 degrees centigrade, weighed in Paris.

To form multiples, the words deca (10), hecto (100), kilo (1000), myria (10,000), are prefixed to the names of the particular measure. Thus kilogramme 1000 grammes ; myriametre = 10,000 metres. For the sub-multiples, the words deci (^), centi (y^), milli (10100), are used in the same manner as the multiples, e.g. decilitre - J^ of a litre; centigramme = T J^ of a gramme.

58

TABLES.

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TABLES.

61

TABLE III.

COMPARISON OF ENGLISH WITH METRICAL WEIGHTS AND

MEASURES.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

Inch (pouce) 0*02549 metres.

Foot (pied) 0*30479

Yard 0*91438

Fathom (brasse) 1-82877

Pole or Perch (54 yards) 5-02911

Furlong (220 yards) = 201-16437

Mile (1,760 yards) = 1609-31

SQUARE MEASURES.

Yard = 0-83610 square metres.

Rod = 25-29194

Rood ( i, 210 square yards) = 10*11677 » »

Acre (4,840 square yards) 0*40467 hectares (100 ares).

CUBIC MEASURES.

Pint (| of gallon) 0*5679 litre.

Quart (I of gallon) I'I359 »

Imperial Gallon 4*543468

Peck (2 gallons) 9*086916

Bushel (8 gallons) = 36-34766

Sack (3 bushels) 1*09043 hectolitre (100 litres).

Quarter (8 bushels) 2 -9078 1

Chaldron (12 sacks) = 13-08516

WEIGHTS.

Grain (^ dwt.) 6*479895 centigrammes (yfo gr.).

Pennyweight (^V oz.) i'555J75 gramme.

Ounce (TVlb. troy)... = 31-103496

Pound (5,760 grs.) ... = 373*241948

.j5 rDram(^oz.) 1*771846

!< Ounce = 28-349540

J I Pound (7,000 grs.) ... = 453'592645

Cwt. (112 Ibs.) = 50-802 kilogrammes.

^ vTon(20cwt.) = 1016-048

62

TABLES.

TABLE IV.

ENGLISH COINS AND BANK- NOTES.

Monnaies anglaises et billets de banque.

FRENCH COINS AND

NOTES.

Monnaies frangaises et banque.

BANK- billets de

Gold. Sovereign, £i

frcs. cts. 25 ' oo*

12 * 50

6 25 3 ' 125

2 ' 50 I ' 25

o 60 o 40 o 30

0 * 10

o 05 o 025

125 oo 250 oo 1250 oo 2500 oo 25000 * oo

equivalent val •d to the fluctu

Gold. Piece de 100 frcs. ...

» it •'•'.

40 ...

20 ... ii 10 ...

ji 5 »>

Silver. Piece de 5 frcs. . . .

2 ,,

»> * » 0-50 ...

Copper, io centimes

£. s. d. 4 o of

2 O Of I 12 Of

o 16 o

080

o 4 of

040

o i 7k 009! 004!

001

o o o^

O O '2 O O 'I

200 400 800

20 o o 40 o o

s possible,

Half-sovereign, IQS.

Silver. Crown, 5^

Half-crown, 2s.6d.... Florin, 2s

Shilling, is

Sixpence, 6d.

Fourpence, ^d.

Threepence, ^d.

Copper. Penny, id.

c

Half-penny, \d.

2

Notes.

I

Notes. 50 francs

/IO

IOO

/CO...

200

/IOOO

IOOO ,,

N.B.— The above and without any regai

nes are given as nearly a ation of the exchange.

* When changing English money into French, it is well to bear in mind that the rate of exchange is nearly always in favour of English money. The sovereign frequently fetches 25 '25 frcs., and even as much as 25-37 frcs.

t Scarcely ever seen.

TABLES.

TABLE V.

THE ENGLISH BAROMETRIC SCALE IN FRENCH MILLIMETRES.

ENGLISH BAROMETER. FRENCH BAROMETER.

31 inches 787 '39 millimetres.

30-9 » 784-85

30-8 782-31

307 » 77977

30-6 , 777*23

30-5 » 774-69

30-4 772-iS

30-3 » 769'6i

30-2 767-07

30-1 » 764-53

30 761-99

29-9 » 759'45

29-8 756-91

297 » 754*37

29-6 751-83

29-5 » 749'29

29-4 74675

29-3 » 744-21

29-2 74i'67

29-1 » 739-13

29 736-59

28-9 734*05

28-8 731-51

28-7 728-97

28-6 726-43

28-5 723^89

28-4 » 721-35

28-3 718-81

28-2 716-27

28-1 71373

28 71119

27-9 , 708-65

27-8 706-11

277 i, 703-57

27-6 701-03

27-5 i 698-49

27-4 » 695-95

27-3 » 693-41

27-2 690-87

27-1 638-33

27 685-79

64 TABLES.

TABLE VI. THE THERMOMETERS.

The Centigrade thermometer is universally used by scien- tific men, and it is the scale most generally employed on the continent. The Germans call it the ' Celsius thermometer.'

The Reaumur scale is principally used in Russia. In these two scales the freezing point is denoted by o, and the boiling point respectively by 100 and 80. Therefore, 100 degrees Centigrade = 80 degrees Reaumur = 180 degrees Fahrenheit.

As the indications of the Fahrenheit scale begin at 32 degrees, and not at zero, we must remember that in convert- ing from degrees Fahrenheit to Centigrade or Reaumur, 32 degrees must first be subtracted; whilst when we convert degrees Centigrade or Reaumur into Fahrenheit, 3 2. degrees must be added after the multiplication and division have been made.

It is important to remember that, since 100 degrees Centi- grade =80 degrees Reaumur = i 80 degrees Fahrenheit,

5 degrees Centigrade = 4 Reaumur = 9 Fahrenheit.

Example I. Express 59° Fahrenheit into Centigrade. 9 : 5 : : (59 - 32) : Answer, that is, $^- = 15° Cent.

Example II. Express 95° Fahrenheit into Reaumur.

9:4:: (9 5-32): Answer, that is, i^ = 28° Reaumur.

TABLES. 65

Example III. Express 28° Reaumur into Fahrenheit.

4 : 9 : : 28 : Answer, that is, 9^° = 5^, to which add 32 -=95° Fahrenheit.

Example IV. Express 25° Centigrade into Fahrenheit.

5 : 9 : : 25 : Answer, that is, 9 .£5 = 4^ to which add 32 =-77° Fahrenheit.

Example V. Express 25° Centigrade into Reaumur. 5 : 4 : : 25 : Answer, that is, 4X25 = 20° Reaumur.

Example VI. Express 28° Reaumur into Centigrade.

4 : 5 : : 28 : Answer, that is, I*-?? = 35° Centigrade.

4

N.B. If the number of degrees Fahrenheit to be converted into degrees of the other scales happened to be below 32, the results obtained would be negative, that is, below o.

Example VII. Express 23° Fahrenheit into Centigrade. 9 : 5 : : (23 - 32) : Answer, that is, 5 x ( " 9) = - Cent.

N.B. See next page for a Table of the most common degrees of Fahrenheit into degrees of the Centigrade scale.

66

TABLES.

Here follows a table giving the degrees Centigrade corre- sponding to the degrees Fahrenheit most commonly used.

Fahrenh. Centigrade.

rahrenh.

Centigrade.

rahrenh.

Centigrade.

10°

- 23°33

34°

i°n

78°

25^56

9

2278

35

1-67

79

26-11

8

22'22

36

2'22

80

26-67

7

21'67

37

2-78

81

27-22

6

21-11

38

3-33

82

2778

r

20-56

39

3'89

83

28-33

4

2O-OO

40

4 '44

84

28-89

- 3

19 '44

4i

5'oo

85

29-44

2

18-89

42

5-56

86

30-00

___ |

- i8'33

43

6-n

87

30-56

0

- 1778

44

6-67

88

31-11

I

17*22

45

7-22

89

31-67

2

16-67

46

778

90

32-22

3

16-11

47

8'33

9i

32-78

4

I5-56

48

8-89

92

33 '33

5

15-00

49

9 '44

93

33 '89

6

14-44

50

lO'OO

94

34-44

7

- 13-89

5i

10-56

95

35 -oo

8

I313

52

irn

96

35-56

9

1278

53

11-67

97

36-11

10

I2'22

54

1 2 '22

98

36-67

ii

II-67

55

1278

99

37-22

12

II'II

56

13-33

loo

3778

13

IO-56

57

13-89

101

38-33

'4

lO'OO

58

14-44

1 02

38-89

15

9-44

59

15-00

103

39-44

16

8-89

60

1S'56

104

40-00

17

- 8-33

61

i6'n

«>S

40-56

18

- 778

62

16*67

1 06

4i'ii

19

7 "22

63

17-22

107

41-67

20

6-67

64

1778

108

42*22

21

6-ii

65

i8'33

109

42-78

22

- 5-56

66

18-89

no

43'33

23

5-00

67

19-44

III

43-89

24

4 '44

68

20 -oo

112

44 '44

25

- 3-89

69

20-56

"3

45-00

26

3 '33

70

2ITI

II4

45'56

27

- 278

7i

2I-67

H5

46-11

28

2'22

72

22-22

116

46-67

29

I-67

73

22-78

117

47-22

30

I'll

74

23 '33

118

4778

3i

0-56

75

23-89

119

48-33

32

O'OO

76

24-44 1 2O

48-89

33

0-56

77

25-00 121

49'44

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