.\A/oc

oie, HA

THE NAUTILUS

Volume 117, Number 1
April 28. 2003
ISSN 0028-1344

A cjuartcrhj devoted
to malacology.

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The Bailev-Mattliews Slicll Miiscuin
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The Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum
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Department of Invertebrate Zoologv'
National Museum of

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Smithsonian Institution
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CONSULTING EDITORS

Dr. Riidiger Bieler
Department of Invertebrates
Field Museum of
Natural History
Chicago, IL 60605

Dr. Arthur E. Bogan

North Carolina State Museum of

Natin"al Sciences
Raleigh, NC 27626

Dr Piiilippe Bouchet
Laboratoire de Biologie des

Invertebres Marins et Malacologie
Mu.seum NatioiuJ d'Histoire Naturelle
55, rue Buffon
Paris, 7.5005 France

Dr. Roiiert H. CJowie

Center for Conser\ation Research

and Training
Uni\crsit\ of I la\v;iii
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i:)r Robert T. Dillon, J r
Department (jl Biology
College of C;liarleston
Charleston, SC 29424

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8234 E. North Shore Road
SaultSte. Marie, MI 49783

Dr. Douglas S. Jones
Florida Museum of Natural Histor\-
Uuixersity of Florida
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Dr. HanyG. Lee

1801 Barrs Street, Suite 500

Jacksonville, FL 32204

Dr. Charles Lydeard
Biodi\'ersitv and Svstematics
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Alabama
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Department of Malacology
Natural Histon- Mus(>um
oi Los Angeles (;<)uuty
900 Exposition Boulevard
Los Angele-s, CA 90007

Dr. Paula M.Mikkelsen
Department of Li\ing Invertebrates
The .\nierican Museum of Natin-al

History
NewYoric, NY 10024

Dr. Diarmaid 6 Foighil

Museum ofZoologNand Department

of Biolog)'
Universitx of Michigan
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Dv. Gustav Paulay

Florida Museum of Natural Histon-
University of Florida
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Mr. Richard E. Petit

PO. Bo.\.3()

Norih M\rtlc Beach, SC 29582

Dr. Gar^■ Rosenberg
Department of Moliusks
The Acadenn ol Natural Sciences
1900 Benjamin Franklin Park\va\'
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Dr. .-VngeiX'uldes
13epartuR'nt of Malacologs'
Natural IIistor\' Museum
of Los Angeles County
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Dr. Cleerat J. X'ermeij
Department ol (ieologx'
University of California at Davis
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Dr. G. Thomas Walters
Aquatic Ecolog\' Laboratory-
1314 Kinnear Road
Columbus, OH 4.3212-1194

Dr. John B. Wise

Houston Museum of Natural Science
Houston, TX 770.30-1799

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TH Et7NAUTI LUS

\'(>liiiiic 117. Xiiiiihcr 1

April 2H. 2003

CNTKXTS ISSN 0028-1344

Fred E. ^^'ells E(.'(ilii<j;i(al scpaiatidii (il tlir iniulwliclks nrcliidliii sulcntu

(Born, 177S) ami T. scniistiiatd (Moirli, lS52i ((^astmpnila:
Potainiilidac) trniii luirtlierii Australia 1

Dici;<) (;. Zola\a Two new species (il Arn/c/j/u/i Moiiteins.ito. 1 S75 i l^i\ al\"ia:

Christian Iliiarle Nenleptoiiiilaei lioiii South Cedi^ia Islands. Soutli Atlantic

( )eeau fi

Gai'A' W. Sclimelz \ new speiies (il Mrtitld (Ciastropoda: ( lolnhraiiidae! Irom

Rojjer W. Portell the Liiwcr Mincetie ('liipola Fiirniatinu el l'"liiiida 12

Ciiido Pastorino A new species ol Ancillariinae (Clastropnda: ()Ii\idae' liciui

the southwestern Atlantic Ocean 15

Hicliarcl C. ^^'illan On the publication date, authorship, and tApe species of

H()l)erl Burn I'liiliriiciiliiin and 'DjIinliHa (Oastropoda: Opistliohrancliia:

Fn liidiuoidea): a rejoinder 23

Book Re> icw 29

Notice 30

U'-:',T,u.-, Sii

MAY 5 2003

^^'ooc's hvjie, W.A 02543

tulion

Sponsored in part by the State of Florida, Department
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ENDOWMENT
FOR THE ARTS

THE NAUTILUS 117(l):l-5, 2003

Pirn- 1

Ecological separation ol the nuidwhelks Tcrcbralia sulcata
(Born, 1778) and T. sciiiisfriafa (Morch, 1(S52) (CTastropoda:
Potaniididae) from northern Australia

Fred E. \\ells

Wcstciii Aiistialiiiii MiiM'iiiii
I'ciih (iODO, Wcslriu \iislr.ilia
AUSTHM.IA
WfllslC'i'iiiuscuiii.wa.iliA.au

ABSTRACT

Until R'fciitK. t\M) species were reen'^iii/ed m llir |)i>l,iiiii(li(l
s;eiiiis Tii'ilinilhi T jinhistris (L.iniiaens, ITliT' and / siilcntn
(lioiii. ITTS' I Iduliriek (1991) separated /' \(iiii-,l liiitii
(M()relr 1 Soi i hdni /' \iiliiilir ha.seil cm a detailed e\aiiiiiiatiiiii
ol shells, radnlae, an.iti jiii\, and t^eniirapliieal ilistril)utinns. The
present paper pniMdes ei iniparati\ e data i m '4eii^i aplneal dis-
tliliutiiin alcin;^ the Anstialiau coast, liahitat, si/e lre(|nenc\
characteristics, and densities of tlie two species, w Inch provides
further confirmation that separate specific status is warranted.

Adililioinil kill iiiii'd.s (a'nthioKk'a. uiantjioxes, ta\onoui\.
ecolo<r\.

IXlHODlt riox

Tile Pdtainididae is one of tlie (li)nnnanl families of hkiI-
iiisks in in,in'j;rn\es in tlie liulo-West Pacific region. In
particular, iiiiidw lielks cjf the m'lieia I'lnhniliii and 7r/-
csr(>j)iiiiii are aniiiiig the largest and luosl visihleol niaii-
gr()\e inollusks, and are ke\' components ol the ecos\s-
tem (McNae. I9fi7; IVjaS; Plazait, 1977; 1984; Wells and
l„illi. ill press! ill a series of studies in the Ba\ of f-iest.
iioithwestern .Aiislrali.i, and in IIoiil!; Kong. Wells ( 19S0,
f9S:l f9S4a, 19S4li. 19SH. 1990) demonstrated the im-
portance of Tcrchralin (the Ba\ of Best population was
identified in tlu' piipcrs as T. sulcald hut is now consid-
ered to lie 7! sciiiisthtltd). For example, rcichniliii sfin-
istlidtil comprised 55'^ of the hioniass ol ail inxerte-
hrates in the Alicciiiiia /one ol the iiiaiigro\es iii the
Bay ol Best, Both 7' jxilusfris and T s<inistniit(i can
attain signilic.inf densities (often al)o\i' 100 in -i within
mangroM's. hiil populations reach to the edge ol the At -
icciiiiid pnenmatophores and no tnrtlier (Wells, 19Sfii.

Ill recent years there has been an increase in studies
ol Tcri'hrnlia, inclndiiig their general hiologx (Soeiiio-
dihardjo and Kastoro, 1977: Rambaliii et ,il., 19S7'. feed-
ing (Nishihira, 19.S.3; Slim et ak. 1997). eark gniwlli
(Bao. 193S: Hashimoto and Xishijima. I9S7), historical
(k'clincs in populations ((Jligaki and K.nro/.imii, 2000),

iiini[iarati\e ecology iWells, 19S()I. ;ind I'elatioiislup to
canopy i-o\er ((.royvc. 1997; Croyyc and McMalion
(1997).

I'litil 1991. all ecologii-al studies recognized only fyvii
species of I'cnhnilui. T. iiillii\tri\ (IJiiiKU'ils. f 7B7 ! ;md
7' \iilciitii (Born, f77S). In a m;ijor reyision of the group.
Ilonlirick (1991) recognized a third species ol Tcrfhnil-
iiL sep;n'atiiig 7' scmistriala (M()rch, 1852), a taxon pre-
yionsK considered lo lie a syiionyiii oi 7' \ulcillil. The
yyxirk y\'as based on ;i yyide comliination ol characters,
including shells, ratlulai', anatoiny, and geographical dis-
tributions. Wilson (1993) considered the diyisiou of 7'
snJcatd into tyyd closely rekited species re<|uiretl confir-
mation based on ecological separation ol the species.
The pn'Sent paper compares the ecology of T. scmistria-
l/i antl T. sulcald. confirming that separate specific status
is yyariaiited.

MATKBI \1,S AM) .MKlllonS

Tcrchrdlid scinislrinhi .iiid V' sulrdid yyere found to occur
in separate portions ol tin' same mangroye systems dur-
ing ;i collecting eypeditioii iiKide to DaiAyin Harbour,
Northern Territory, in |une 198(i. The ty\(i species yyere
tagged for groyyth studies at Maiidorali ( 12'54' S;
13()°32' E) in .May and December 1999 respectiycK and
yyere monitored ;it ;ip|)idximately six monthly iutenals.
The compaiatiy e study ol the tyyii species reporti'd here
was made Iroiii 21 to 2(1 M.iy 2001. on the last yisit lor
till- gri i\\ ill studies.

The ty\o species yyere re;idily identified ill the field
using shell chaiacters described by Hoiibrick (1991'.
The shell of Tcrchrdiui sciiiislridln is larger ;m(l lieayier
than 7' Milcdtd. has yyeaker sutures, is yyeakK sculptured
yyith flattened spiral cords, and lacks a\ial ribs,

\ 30 111 Irausecl (ape \\;is placed peqiendiculai' to (he
shoreline at the Iroiil ol the mangroyes (Tcrcbrdlin \ul-
fdld'i ;m(l at the back ol the mantrroycs (7! sciiiisliidid''.

\ 1 II

ladrat

yvas si'arc

hed

eyery z m ironi

(he

\yard or Jandyyard Iriuge ol the mangroyes until the limit

Piige 2

THE NAUTILUS. \V)1. 117. NO.

^

ig

.^

^

-^^

Figures 1, 2. .Shell ol Ycnhvitlui siilcdin \\ ' .mil /' Mini-
slriala (2) from the niangrove.s at .\l,iii(l(ir.ili, Daiwin M.uixiiir.
Nortlieni Tcrriton'. Scale liar = M) iiiiii.

creek. Fitt\ animals were coiiiilcd in each lial)itat. To he
eonsiderecl to l)e on the nuuiiiroxc. llie snail had to ha\e
the sliell apex oil the f^ronnd: animals Kin'j; on the mud
snrlaee with thi'lr loot attached to a inan'.ir()\'e were con-
sidered lo !)e on the sediment.

Shore lieiiihts ol llie populations were determiued on
the alternoon ol 22 Ma\ 2001. The time when the lower
portion ol the Tcrchrtilia siilcala population hecame co\-
ered on the lisiuii; tide was noted, and the tide followed
up the shoreline. Shore heights were determined hv
com[)arison with the .\ustrahan National Tide Tahles
(Department ol Deleuce, 2000) lor Dan\'in Ifarhonr
Tides in the harhour are predominantK semidinrnal witli
a Tuaximuiii ramie during the vcar ol 7.S m. '{"lie mean
neap tidal range is 1.9 m. while springs axerage 5.5 m.

Data on geographic distrihutions ol the two species
were ohtained l)\ examining specimens in the .Australian
Museum, S\(lne\ i.WIS). The Natural IlistoiA Museum.
London (HMNTli. National .Museum ol Natmal iliston.
Smithsonian luslitntioii lU'SNNL'; Western .Australian
Must'um i\\'.\.\l). ,iud the Zoological .Museum, (^opeii-
haw'n (/..MC),

ol the snail popuialious. Ail snails encountered were
counted and measured lo the neanvsl I nun willi cali-
pers. FoiU' transects were made at ~> m interxals along
tiie slioreline lor T siilcnlu ,iiid at 3 m inlei'\als Im- T.
scmisfriafa.

The hal)itals occupied li\ the snails were also noted
wlien searcliing the transects. .Additional snails were col-
lected in the area to ohtain 500 measni-ements lor Tir-
I'hralia si'iiiistriata and as man\ as possilile lor 7' .siilcal/i.
a.s there were insullicii'ut T sulciilii in the area (o mea-
sure 500 individuals. Total shell length was mcasui'ed to
the nearest 1 mm with calipers. \n inllated outer lip is
lormed when the animals mature, alter which no lurther
IncrciLse in shell length occurs illoiihrick. 1991 >. I'osi-
tioiis ol I', siilcatd on niangrovc's or sediment snrlaee
were mea.snrcd to the ca.st and west ol a small tidal

RESULTS

Populations ol tiic two species (Figures 1. 2^ were clearK'
separated in the mangroxcs at Mandorah. Tcrchralia sitl-
cdlii oeciipies the seaward /one ol the mangroxes at a
mid-tidal level ol 4.9 to 5.3 in (Tahle ll. Tiie site is near
.1 channel hehind an intertidal sand heai'h. and is occu-
pied li\ a mixed mangrove assemhlage. including txvo
Luge Aiicciiiiiii iniiriiui trees, one ol which is ajiproxi-
niatelv (i III high, sin, ill i <2 iiO ('criojis iiiisl rails, and
isolated trees ol liliizopliora sli/losa. Tin' mangroves vai"\'
in size Irom small sa|)lings a lew centimeters higli to lull
grown li slifloMi The eh.innel h.mk slopes steeplv up to
the mangrove /one. where the shore levels oil. The
uiiiddv sand is then relativelv Hat. with shore height in-
creasing hv 0.4 III over a hori/.outai ilislauee ol ai)out 25
111. This ilat area is occuiiicd hv T. sulcata. Shoreward

Table 1. (loiiiparisoii el the iiMi(l\\lielks I'cichidlid siiliiilii ,niil 7' sciiiislriiilii In the iii,iii<iriives ,it M.iiKldr.ili. l)aiA\in ll.irliour,
Nortlieni lerrilorv. The ilillerenee helweeii hahit.its (leeiipied tn tin' east ,iii(l v\est (il the tidal ereek was sl,itislie,illv si^iiKieailt (x^
= l9.fS. p < ().().5!.

( li.ir.ielerislic

r<iil)i(ili(i sididUi

Iriihidliii \nnistriiitii

Position ill iiiani;rovcs
.Shore liciglil
liahitat

neiisitv

Si/e Ireiniencv eli.iraeleristies

Other pol.ntiiilids picsiiil

Seaward inargin

•1.9-5.3 ill

On sediiiieiit surl.iee; also elinilis iiMiinrove

trees, slirnhs and piieuiiialijpli(ires to a

lieiijlit ol ii]i to W) em
Mean 0.4 i 0.1 in -.
Sm.ill. Mean length ol pojMilatioii 2S..5 ± 0,'

mm 111 ^ I9(ii. rangi' 13—14 mm. .Adults:

Mi'an Ic'iigtli 33.7 ± 0.4 iiiiii in = S2'.

range 2(>— 13 iiiin.
None

Shoreward margin
(i. 1 -(l(i in

On sediment snrlaee: never elinihs up iiiail-
grovi's

Mean 1 ,3 ± O.-i iii -.

I..ir'j,e. Mean leiiglli ol popnlalion 411,.") ± (I.S

mm II ^ 49S1. range 1.3-(')9 mm. Vdiilts:

Mean length tiO.ti ± 0.3 miii ui = 113).

range .51-69 mm.
Tcrchniliii j>(ilii\lris. TclcsC(>i>iitiii Iclcscujiiiiiii.

Ccrilliidcd hif't-lliciii

F. E. Wells. 2003

■atic

Tahio 2. ( !ciiii])arisi}ii dl I'l nhniliii siilcalu (in llic nniil siirlarc
:iikI on iiuiii<;r(>\i's to tlir cast and west iil the small tidal rrcrk
at Maiidorali. Oanxiii Harliniir Xortlicni IViriton

\ Itlllliel ol

Kast ol

snails west ol

llaliital

tidal creek

tidal creek

Total

( )ri sand siiiiacc

11

.').'>

II

( )ii iiiail'j;rn\rs

39

IT

5(-i

Total

50

5(1

10(1

(lie niaiiiiioM' lieeiiines a nu iik ispetific Idlest (il lai^c R
s/(//ri\r;

Tn'chnilid siilciili: nci'iii' Imtli mi the sciliiiiciit suiiaee
ami on the l()\\er tiiinks and leaM's ol the inaii'^iiAcs to
a heiij;ht: ol (iO em. thoiitili most oeeiir at less tliaii ■')() em
Iroiii the smiaee iil tlii' mnd. \ (lillerenee was loniid
hetweeii loeatiuns ol T siilrtild on iiuin<;ro\es to the cast
and west ol .i shallow tidal creek. The creek is approxi-
iiiateK 20 ill wide at hii^h tiile, Init oiiK' 5 in at low tide.
Till' eastern side, where the Ixiiik is steep, contains a
small, monospecific stand ot (Vr/o^is diisfnilis. Se\t'nt\-
eiij;ht percent ot the 7'. sidaita were on the trees when
sur\p\ed at low tide (Table 2). The animals secrete mn-
I.IIS. which hinds them to the iiiaii'j;ro\i'. It the imdei--
kiu^ surtace is Hat, the nineiis can loriii a complete seal
and fuiiftioii as an epiphraij;ni. More lommonK', the tnti-
cus act.s to attach oiiK the inner pai't of tlie sliell aper-
ture to thi' maiit!;ro\c. Botli adults and jn\eniles are
found on the mnd surface and on tlii' manifroxes: how-
ever there is a tendenc\ tor jineiiiles to predominate on
the niangrtnes anil adults on the mud surface.

To the we.st of the small tidal creek, where the tran-
sects were made, Tcrchmliii snicala were most common
on the mud snrlaee. with fifi^i oeciirrin<; on the mud.
The difference between hal)itats occupied to the east
and we.st of the tidal creek was statisticalK' significant.
While no quantitative measui'ements weri' made, T. siil-
fdlii under Ar/rciiiiiii iiuihiui were Iar'j;eK on the sedi-
ment surface, while those in lihizoplnini slijlusd or CVr-
iops inislralis tended to he on the mangroves.

In contrast to Terchralia sulcata, the population ol 7'
scinistiidtii occurs at tlie landward Irinsie of the iiian-
t^roves, approximatek 10(1 m to the iioi-thwest, Tlie hab-
itat is a sand surface with a mixture ol iiiaiit;;ro\e species,
iucludinii; jiredominantK Rliiztipluna sli/lDsa and Aviccii-
iiia marina, at a tidal hei'Jit ot (S. 1 to R.tS m. .\ii iipjier
inteitidal sand beach commenci's at a shore heiiihl of
H.6 m. torniini4 the upper limit ot the population of 7'
scmistriatd. While some individuals of 7' scitiisthata oc-
cur amonnst the H \ti/li<\(i. most are on the open mud
surface anionic the .\, inariiia piieimiatophores. The lo-
cations ot the snails clian'j;e soniev\lial over a txvo-week
tidal cvcle as thev seek protection from desiccation
amonij; the maiiiirove roots duriii'j; the neap tides, llow-
I'ver, thev never climb the mangroves as ociairs in 7'
sulaiia. I'Aposed Hat roi'ks in the centre ol the man-

ijroves limit the seaward exteni ol the T. sciitisl riala pop-
ulation.

Separation ol ihe two liviii'^ populations is complete.
\ total ot 744 Tirchiiilia miIcuUi were measured during;
tlie tasiiiiui; experiments: no living individuals ol T. sciii-
istiiata were loiind in tli<' I' sulcata population. .A total
of 2270 r sduislriala were measureil: oulv a sin'Jc livinsj;
/. sulcata was lound in the T. sciiiisli'iala pojinlation.

There are also dilferences in the densities ot the two
populations ot Terchralia I'criliralia sulcata has a vcn
low deiisilv ol oiilv 0.4 ± 0,1 m ' and did not co-occur
with other potamidid species. The mean densitv ol 7'
sciiiistriata was \ .3 ± 0.3 in -. 'i'hree other potamidids
occiiri'ed in the transects with T. scuii.slriata. Tirchralia
jialustris and Dlcsccpiuju tclcsccpiutn (Limiai'us. 17oS)
had mean d<'iisities ot (i, I ± 1,2 iii ' and l.K ± O.Ci m -
respect ivclv. A single specimen ot C'critliidca lariu-llici-fi
(Philippi. 1S49I was also found.

There is a clear diifei'ence in tlu' size trei|iieiKv char-
acteristics ot Terchralia sulcata an<l T. .scndstriata at
Xhuidorah (Table 1: FiL^nre 3). The mean size of adult
7" sulcata is 33.7 ± 0.4 mm, with a mLLximum size of 43
mm. In contrast, the ineaii size of adult T. scniistriata is
fSO.rs ± O.) mm. with a maximnm of 69 mm. Tims the
smallest adult T snuistriata was S mm lari^er than the
larijest adult 7' sulcata.

Exaniiiiation ot specimens in museiuns shows that the
,\iistralian distributional data provided for Terchralia sul-
cata bv Ilonbritk (1991) are inacctirate. Essentiallv
Iloubrick assume<I tlie hvo species had tlie same geo-
graphical range on the north coast of Australia: from
Shark Bav, Westeiii .\ustnilia, to southeiTi Queenslaiul.
Terchralia snuistriafa is in fact widi'lv distributed along
the north coast ol tlie continent fiom Sliai'k Bav, West-
ern .Austialia, to Keppel Bav on the east coast of
(,)ueensland (F'igure 4). Terchralia sulcata also extends
south to Keppel Bav, Queensland, but it is restrii'ted to
the Kimbei'lev, from Broomi- northwai'd. in Western
.Australia. In the text of liis paper. Ilonbrick (1991) refers
to specimens of T sulcata tiom more southerly localities
in Westei-n Australia: Rowlev Slioals (USNM 847084)
and Bav of Best. Xorth West Cape (USNM SOlfiOfi).
Specimens ol both lots were re-examined for the present
papei-. The label for USNM 847084 clearly states the
specimens ot 7. sulcata were collected in Broome In the
H<iwlev Shoals pApedition. Limited collecting was done
in Broome before sailing tor the Bovviev Shoals. The
shoals are open ocean i-oral leid atolls and no Terciiralia
occur there (Wells and Slack-Smith, 19S(i). Thi' speci-
men from the Bav of Best (USNM S()1606) was ajipar-
entlv first lonsidered to bi' T. sulcata bv Ilonbric'k, lie
later changed his iniiKl and included the spetimen in T
.scmi.sthata in the Smithsonian collection, but appai'i'utlv
neglected to change his wiitteii notes. That specimen
and all others collected in the Bav of Rest are in fact T.
seutistriatiL

DISCUSSION

The present paper demonstrates Terchralia scinistriata
,111(1 7 sulcata are clearlv separ.ited ecolo^icallv. There

Page 4

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117. No. 1

80

E
'o

* .-

o. 4U

0)

E

Terebralia sulcata

500 km I

DAdults
□ Juveniles

60

Shell length (mm)

Figure 4. (^Miijrapliiial (listriliiitidii ol icrchidlui suhiilii and
T. snni.slriiitii in iiortlicin \iislralia.

Terebralia sermstriata

120 '

DAdults

^ □ Juveniles

specimens

O

r~

i-j

n

o

Urn

0)

£
0-

—L^

—

—

—

-

4U

Shell length (mm)

80

I'igiirf .'{. Si/c li'c'(|iicnr\ liisto^iaiiis ol rmliniliii miIhiUi
(upper) and T sfiiiislriiita (lowcrt i-ollcclcd ni llic niaii'.iii>\i's
at .Mandoraii, l)an\iii llarhour. Xiirllicrn Inrildn Ikjiii 21 t<i
2(i Ma\ 2001.

inan<j;n)\e .sxsttMiis, liiit tlic\ occiipx' separate areas of the
inangro\es. W'lu-ic the two species li\c in tiie sanu' iiian-
tir()\(', 7' siilcala li\es in tlie st'award. nntl-inteitidal por-
tions ol tile inan<4i()\cs, while i siniistridid li\es in the
shoreward, npper portions ol the nian<j;ro\es. Terebralia
.slllcilhl Ii\es liolli on llie niiid snilaee and also elilllbs
lip to do em up ihe nKuiii;ro\es: in eontrasl. I', sfiiiistridta
aie alwa\s on the scdnnent surlaee and iie\i'r I'liinh up
the inany;i'o\cs. .Shells of T. sciiiistritila are siij;nifieantl\'
lankier than those ol T. sulcata Ironi the same inaiigr()\("s.
Inlonnalion on the se^reiialion ol llie Iw'o species at
.\iandoiah was eolleeled iucideiitalK to a major tasjging
|iro<4rain coiulneleil lo stiiiK growth in all thri'c species
ol 'TcrchralKL lApedltioiian siincvs ol inolhisks in tlie
Kimlieiiex region ol Western .\iistialia and near (a)\c in
llie Northern icrritorx iWells. impulilisiieih have lonnd
a niinilier ol man<i;r()\es when' similar se<4rey;ation occin's
lielween po|)iilatioiis of 7'. sidcatu and 7' sciiiisl riala. Be-
iMiise ol the eonsiderahli' expense ol working in remote
areas, onl\ llie \landorali po|)iilalions eoiild he exam-
ined in detail.

are substantial (lillerences in their ^eoii;ra|iliieal dislri-
i)uti()ns. Moiilirick (1991) examined numerous speci-
mens of T. sulcata from a wide rantie m the wcslein
Pacific Ocean. iuclii(liii<4 -\jala\sia. \ ietnani. Indonesia.
Papua New (aiinea. Philip|)ines. ( .liina, l\Mik\ii Islands.
and the (Caroline Islands, lii eontrasl T. sciiiistritita is
iimitetl to the north coast ol Australia and southern New
(aiinea.

In northern .\iistialia. Tcrcliralin siilcnln is limilcil lo
tlie coast lH■t^\(■en Broome. Western \iislialia .iiid Kep-
pel Bav, Queensland. Terebralia seinislriala oci'iirs in the
entire range occupied 1)\ 7' sulcata in norlhern .\ustralia
l)ut is also common in ihe lai'^i' slrelch ol eoasi lielwci'ii
Shark Bav and Broome Western .\iislialia In llie region
between Broome and Keppel Bav. ihe two species ol
Terebralia are svnipalric in ihal lliev inli.ilnl llie same

\(KN()Wi.i:n(:\iiNTs

|)i |. 11. ll.inlrv llieii III llic Northern Territoi"v Mu-
seum, picivided detailed km ivv Ie(l',j;e ol Danvin Harbour
ill iiiv earlv expeditious lo the area and exleiisivelv dis-
cussed Tii-ebralia with me. .\1\ sniiseijiieut research on
lliis •j,enus has benefited greallv Iroiii these disi-ussions.
1 lliank die |)ublieaiis awA slall ol llic M.iiidoiali Beach
1 lot el III! iheir wai 111 lios|)italitv dm iii'j, iiiv v isils lo .Man-
doraii l)i \l (i 1 larase\A\cll kiiidlv airanged access to
llie molliisk (.■olleclions of the Smithsonian Instiliitiou;
Ms. Kalliie Wav lo those of the BMNll; and Dr. Jorgen
Knndscn In tin- /.i iiilo'j;ieal Miisenm, ( openliagen. Mr.
Ian 1 ,oeli and I )i W iiislon I'ondei ^eneiousK' |)r()\ided
distribulioiial mloinialiou Iroiii llie .\uslialian Museum.
Svdnev. Mr. (.'lav Brvceaiid Mi (oiev \\ liisson provid-

Wells. 200

Pasie

I'd Iccliiiical siippoil III llic [)ii'[i:ii;lI|(iii iiI llir iiiaiiii-
script.

LITERATURE CITED

( JDwc. T. 1' \'rl':)7. The ilistnliiitKJii nl I'ln Imiliii iiiilnslii-, \\illi
respi'et t(i iiiierolialiital in iiiaii'j,iii\e lnresls ul l)ai"\Mii
Harbour. I: Descriptieii's el palhiiis In ll.nile\ | |{.. (;.
Caswell, n. .Megerian ami 1 1 K l,.irsnn cds ! Tlie Marine
Flora ami Fauna of DaiAMii llarliiini Xoillurn \iislralia.
Nortlieru TerritoiT Mnsenni, IJan\iij. and llir \usliali,iii
Marine .Sciences Association, pp. 425 — 13.'>.

Cnme. 1', V. and R. F. McMalion, 1^)97, Tlie thslrihution ol'
I) iihniliti pahistris with respecl to niitrohaliilat in uian-
'4ro\e lorests of l^aiwin flarlioiii, II: F.\peiiiiieiital e\al-
iiation ol l)eha\iour. In: IIanle\, |. 1\.. (;. Caswell, 1). Meg-
eriau and If. k. Larson (eds.) The marine Flora and Fau-
na of Danvin llarhoiir. Northern .Australia. Northern Ter-
riton .Museum. I).u^\iii. and the \iislialiaii M.uiiie
Sciences .Association, pp. 435 — f44.

Department of Defence. 2000. .Australian Nalioii.il fide 'fables
2000. .Vustraliau Ilsdrographic Publication 1 1 \uslralian
(Ancnmieiit Publishinsj Senice. (,'anberra

1 1.Lshiinotn. 'f. .iud S Nishijinia. 1987. I^ist lanal dexelopmeiit
and growth ol rcnbralia sulcata iBorn' idastropoda: Po-
(.uiiididae). Hioloijiciil Magiizine of Okinawa 25: 53-.56.

Ilonbncf, l\ S. 1991. Systematic re\ie\\ and Imietiorial iiior-
plioloiH. of the niansjrove siuiils rciihinlni ,iiid Tclcscojii-
iim ( Potaimdidae: Prosobrancliia! M;ilaeol(i'j;ia '^S. 2S9-
33S.

McNae, W. 1967. Zonation within mangroves associated witii
estuaries in north (Queensland. In: LaulT. C. H. (ed.) Es-
tuaries. American Association lor die \d\,mcenieiit of Sci-
ence Publication S3, pp. 419-124

McNae, W. 196S. A general account of the tauna and flora of
mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-Wesl Pacific
region. .Advances in Marine Biolog\ 6: 74-270.

Nishihira. M. 19S3. Grazing of tlie maugnne litters bv Tcrc-
Iniiliii piiliistris (Gastropoda: Potamididaei in the Okina-
w.iii mangal: Preliminar\ report. (lalaxea 2: 45-58.

Oligaki. S.-f. and T Kurozuiui. 2000. Historical decline of the
mudwhelks Tclcsctipiiiin and Terehnilia m the l\\nk\u Is-
lands and Taiwan: Evidence from shell inoiinds. .Asian Ma-
rine Biologv 17: 125-135.

Plazait, ].-C. 1977. Les cerithides tropicau.x et leur poKnuiqih-
isine lie a I'ecologie littorale des mangroves. Malacologia
K-i: .3.5-44

Pla/iiil. |,-<!, 19S4, .Miilliisk tlistribulioii m t\\r inaii'j;ro\e. In
for, I'", D. and f. Dor (eds.) Hvdrobiologv of the .Mangal.
f)r W, jimk. 4lie Hague, pp. 111-143,

K.imbabii, A \ S., B. \'. Prasad, and M. Balaparameswara Kao.
19S7. Hesponse of the mangro\e mndsnail 'rcrchnilid juil-

iistiis I Linnaeus li Pidsobianehia: Polainididae i to different
substrata. |oiirual of the Marine Biological .Association of
India 29: i 10 I t.5

Kao, II. S. 1938. Obserxations on the urouth and habits ol the
gastropod mollusk. I'l/mziis imliislris (Linne!, in the .\n-
tlamaus. Heeords of the Indian Museum 40: 19.3-200

Slim. F. ].. M. ,A. Ileimninga. and G. \an der Wide. 1997. Leaf
litter reino\al b\ the snail Icrfhrnlid i)tilii\lri\ (Linnaeus)
and sesaiinid crabs in an east .Alruan iiiani;ro\c forest
(Gazi Ba\. Kenva). |ouriial of Exjierimeiilal .Marine l5iol-
ogv and I'.cologx 215: 35.

Soeiiiodihardjo, S. and W. kasloro. 1977, Notes on Ti':rlinilirj
palmtri.s ((iastropoda) from the coral islands in the Jakarta
Bay area. Marine Research in Indonesia 18: 131-I4S.

Wells. F. F. 1980. A comparative stiuK of distribution of die
nmdwlielks TcrciiniUii siilriila and T jviltifitris in a man-
grow swamp in norlliwrstei ii Australia. .Malacolo'^ical Re-
view 13: f-5.

Wells. F. E. f983. .An anaKsis of marine invertebrate distri-
butions in a luangrove swamp in northwesteni \iistralia.
Bulletin of Marine Science 33: 736-744.

Wells, I' l\. 19S4a. (.'omparative distribution of uiacromollusks
and macrocrnstaceaus in a North-western .Australian man-
grove svstem. Australian |ournal of .Marine ami Fresh-
water Research 35: 591-596.

Wells, F F, I9S4li, The I'otamididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
of llong Kong, with an examination of habitat segregation
in a sniiill nuuigrove svstiin. In: Morton. B, S, and D
Dudgeon (eds.) Proceedings of the Second International
Workshop on the .Molluscs of Hong Kong and Southern
China 1 Ioiil; Kong l'ni\ersit\ Press, Hong Kong, pp. 139-
154.

Wells. F, E. 1986. Distribution of molluscs across a pneumat-
ophore boundan in a small ba\ in .Northwestern .Australia.

.il of .M(

Studies 52: 8.3-90.

Wells. F. F. 1990. Distribution of marine invertebrates in a
Hong Kong mangrove, with emphasis on molluscs. In:
Morton, B. S. (ed.iTlie .Manue Flora and Fauna of Hong
Kong and Southern ('hiua II. Hong Kong Univei'sitx
Press, Hong Kong, pp. 78.3-793.

Wells, F. E. and C. .M. Lalli. In press. .Aspects of the ecologv
of the mudwhelks Ten'bralUi pdlustri.s and T. sonistriatd
in northwesteni Austr;dia. In: Wells. F. E., D. I. Walker,
and D. S. [ones (eds.) The Mamie Flora and Faiiiia of
Dampier, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum,
Perth,

Wells, V. E. and S. M. Slack-Smith. 1986. Part I\'. Molluscs.
In: Bern.-. P. H". (ed.) F'aunal Survev of the Rovvlev Shoals
and Scott Reef Western .Australia. Records of the West-
ern .Aiistraliaii Mnsenni Supplement 25. pp. 41-58,

Wilson. H R. 199:!. Australian Marine SIk'Hs. \oluiiie f ( )d-
vssev Publishing. Kallaroo. lOS p]i.

THE NAUTILUS 117(1):6-11. 2003

Pa^e 6

Two new species ol Xcoleptoii Monterosato, 1875 (BivaKia:
Neoleptonidae) from South Georgia Islands,
South Atlantic Ocean

Diego G. Zela>a
Crislian Ituartc

Division ol lii\i.'rtcl)ratc Zoolo<j;\

Musco lie La Plata

1900 La Plata, Bucrios Aires

ARGENTINA

dzelavaCa iiiiisco.lriix iii.iMil|i.c(ln.ar

ABSTRACT

Two new neoleptoiiid species from South CJeorijia Islands are
described, ^'colcpton iivorgiainim iie\\ species is characteri/ed
by a medium si/.e shell, smooth shell surface, and o\ate shell
ontline, slisjlitK' pointed at anterior end. \colcj>ton holiuhcn:,!
new species is a small size species, sculptured \\ ith well-marked
and regularly spaced cominanj^iual ribs. Moreover, the record
of S'mlcpliin pinrcHi Irom South Cieorijia Islands is brought
into (juestion.

Addilioiiril kfi/ nords: Svsteniaties, South Mi.iulic ( )ceau.

LNTHODLCTIOX

Nrolcploii Miiiilciiisatd. 1S75. is a sli.illnw -water wdihl-
wide genus ol small Ncoleiitniiulac liivaKes. HeeentK.
Sala.s ami Colas (199S) provided a eonipi'diensivf svs-
teiiiatie revision ol tlie lieniis. ineludinti; a detailed ana-
toinieai description ol the tvpe species, Xi'olijilnii stil-
caluliiin (|elfre\s, IS59I.

F\\i' Scolcptoii species are known lioni (lie .\la<i('llaii-
ic Region: ycolvpton cohhi (Cooper and Preston. 1910),
Neolcj)li>n hcinicHi (Preston, I9I2>. Xcolcptaii coticcu-
tricum (Preston. 1912), Xcolcplun Impci Sool-Rvcn,
1957. and Ncolcpton falkhindicuiii Dell, I9ft4. None of
these species have lieen rejiorted from South (Jeorgia
Islands (Bernard. 19S:5; Salas and Colas. I99S: \aldovi-
nos-Zarges. 1999 i.

Dell (19641 described Xcaliploii pan (Hi Inim \lae-
(juarie Island and allocated specinii'us Irom South (a'or-
gia Islands to that species clespite slight differences in
shell outline and hinge details hefween the two localities.
In tlie same paper, Dell i 19(i4) niisidentilied neoleptonid
specimens Irom Shag Roc-ks, near Simlli (ieorgia Is-
lands, as Srolcploii pdmsilinnn (Dall, IS76i, a sjieeies
belonging in the geinis Waldo Nieol, 19(Sfi (Xieol. 1966)
and excluded Irom the Neoleptonidae (Salas and Colas.
199S; Zelava and Ituarle. 2002).

In the present papei' twii new neoleptonid species
from South Georgia Islands are described.

M.\TERIALS .VXD .MLTIIODS

The studied luaterial was collected In the RA' Edl.vhix)
L. lloLMBERc; from the Institute) Nacional de Investi-
gacii'ni V Desarrollo Pesquero (INTDEP^ during the
.\pril 1996 cruise to South Georgia Islands arranged bv
the Instituto .\ntartico Argentine) (Figure 1). Samples
were taken with a drag net, fi.\ed in 109^ bnllered lor-
m.iiin and transported to the laboratorv where bivalves
were sorted Irom sediments using a stereosco|iie micro-
scope and pres(>n(>d in etbanol.

The studied species were Inllv described lUid illus-
ti'aled using scanning electron microscope (SEM) pho-

I'igiire 1. Lmalioii map showing the tvpe localitv (°) tor
\i i>li-pUiii i^(Oi)ii(iiiiiiii new species and .V. hohnhcivi new spe-
cies.

D. (;. Zi-la\a and C. Itiiarti', 20(13

Paw

Figures 2-9. Scolcpton i^cor'^iannm new specifs. 2. lIolot\pe, MLP 6733-1. latt-ral \ie\\ of the riglit \al\e. 3-9. Parahpes.
Ml.P (i7o.)-2. .3. Posterior \ie\v. 4. Detail of the protoeoncli. 5. Shell siirfaee sculpture. 6. Inner view of a left \aKc. 7. Inner
view of a nght \aKc, 8. Left \al\e, di'tail of liin^e 9. I'viulit x.Axr detail ol liin<j;e. Scale bars- Finnres 2 3 fi-9 = 1 iinir Figures
4, 5 = 100 \^.lu.

Page 8

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117. NO. I

Figure 10. Xmli-jiloii <j,i'i>r'^iiiiniin new spcc-ics, \ partialK
(lissccti'il spcciineii (i, = 3.3 nun) .slitiwinij tletails ol solt parts
anatomy, f: loot; g: inland cells of (lie mantle edge; id: inner
(lemihraneli: ad: onter ilcmiliranel].

tograplu'. Hinge teetli tcnninologx Inllows Beniarcl
(1895. 1898) and Salas and (;otas 0998). Shell niea-
surenuMits were recorded aeeording to the Following cri-
teria: .shell length (L): nuLxinunn anteroposterior dis-
tance; siiell height iTlV nuLxiinniii dorsoventral distance,
peipendicnlar to length; shell width (W); inaximnni dis-
tance across \al\es. .Moqihornetric ratios II/L and \\7H
were calcnlated. In the text, nunihei' of specimens mea-
sured (n), mean, and standard deviation are gi\i'n.
\oncher specimens wove deposited in Museo de La Pla-
t.i. La I'lata iMLP), Mnseo .\rgentino de (aencias Na-
tnrales "Bernardino Hi\ada\ia," l^nenos .Aires (MA(;N)
and .Museum xNational d' Histoire Natnrelli', Paris
(MNHN).

For comparatix'e purposes, txpes of Xcolcplon Jiiipi'i
h'om the Swedish Mnseuni ol Natnnil lliston. Stoek-
Iiolm (S.MMIl, ;in(l photographs ol the hololxpe of .\',
powclli Iroiii the Natural llislon .Museum, London
(NHM) w^ere used.

SVSTL.M.YIICS

Xcoli'plmi Hforffdnum new spei-ies
F'igures 2-10

Descnplion: Shell delie;ile. medium sized (maximmu L
= 3.4 ium>. nol inllated n.itio W II = 0.54 ± O.O.'l n =
12), shell onlline ovate, some\\h;il elongate, high ii;ilio
H/L = 0.83 ± 0.02, n = 12). somewhat ineiiuilateral.
posterior end larger and wider than anlerioi' one. which
is slightK' |ioiuted; anterior and poslerioi' li;iir of dors;il
margin only slightly cnned, \'entral maigin cxcnK and
wideK arcuate: anterior margin short, acute, jiosferior
margin wideK- and eveuK eurveil. He;iks \ei\ sui.lII.
shaipK' triangular. slightK drspl.ieed rorw;ii(l. ele.irk oiil-
.stariding Irom shell surface ;m(l well \isil)le aliove dors.il
margin I'roloconc-li well-marked, smooth, not nmch in-
flated, aliout .300 |jLni long. Shell surlaee lirilliant. |ier-
iostracum pinkish, laintK- sculptuicd with \ci-\ low. ii-
regulark' spaced, eonunarginal lihs.

Hinge plate strong, narrowing moderately below the
beaks. Left \al\e: cardinal 2a relatiwK- short, straight,
greatl\- enlarged at posterior hall, cardinal 2b relatixclv
long, forming a hook with 2a, posterior lateral PII shori,
strong and well outstanding from dorsal margin, iiight
valve: cardiiKil 1 high, with distal c-usp and short ba.se
nearK perpenilicular to anteroposterior axis: 3a slender
and low, 31) quite short and \er\ thin, PI well de\cloped,
elongate, with distal cusp.

Innei' and outer demibranchs jircsent; the oult'r de-
mibnnieh. shorter, represents approximateK' the half Of
the iiuK'r one. Branchial filaments of outer and imier
demibranchs sloping toward the anterior end. Inhalant
;iperture and exh;ilaul siphon bordered bv a single row
ol short tentacles. Large glandular cells of the mantle
edge at both sides of the pedal aperture were present
and well \isible li\ tnmsparence.

T\pe Material: I lolot\pe. MLP 6733-1; Paratxpes: 20
MLP fi7.3.3-2. 10 \IA(:N .35289; 10 MNHN nmnnn-
bei'ed; ;ill Irom the l\pe li)e;ilit\. HA' F,m\IU)() L.
Iloi Aiiiiiic, 8 April 1996.

Oilier Material Examined: >60 specimens from the
t\pe loe;ilit\ (MLP 67.33-:5, M.\(:N .35290).

Type Locality: 54°18' S. 35° 30' W, South Ceorgia
Iskmtls. 94 111.

Distribution: The species is onK known from tin' t\pe
loealit\.

ElymoIog\: The species is named ;ilter the South
(;eorgi;i Isl.iiiils. the t\pe loealitv.

Heniarks: Xrchploii <ic(iriii(niuiti new species resem-
bk's \ct>lfj>t(>ii liiipci in shell oiitliiie. dillering h\ its
smaller, higher, .md more iueijuikiteral shell. Hinge
teeth. p.irlieiilarK the cardinal 1, are more delicate in .V.
il(i>riii<niuiii than in .V. Iiupri. The color of periostraeum.
pinkish in .V. (^cor^iaiium and whitish in .V. Iiupci is also
a distiuctiw character, \colcpton gcorgiV/iH/i/i is also sim-
ilar to Xc(fl('j]toii hoiinhenjj new speeitvs, from which it
dillers in li;i\iiig ;i less inlkited shell, shi'll outline with
a pointed anterior end, and smooth shell surlac-e. Both
s[)ecies are cliaraeterized In tluir pinkish perioslraeum.
Xcolcplon <icor<iiaiiiiiii dillers Irom .V. cohhi. X. Bcu-
iictfi. and V r()iirciilri<iiin l)\ its r|uite o\ ate sh(>ll outline
;ukI siiioiitli shell siuiace: the more ine(|uilateral slu'll
.mil the lower and not jironiiiient beaks clearK" separate
\ gcorg/r/ii/n/i Irom .\'. fdlkldiidicitin. Xcolcplon gcor-
'j^idimiii also dillers Irom .\'. jionclli in iKixing ;i iiiorc^
o\ate shell outline, a consisteiilK more acute anterior
cud and more cnned dorsal and \(>ntral margins. .Wo-
Icjiloii jiniiclli w.is described Irom Maciinarie Island; in
the same p;q)ei I )ell i 1 96 1 ) ;ilso relerred se\('r:ll S|ie(i-
iiiens Irom Sonlh ( le(ir<j;i;i Iskmds to this sp<'(ies. Tlking
into account the narrow distribution ranges that char-
acterize main Xcolcplon species, as iiilerred Irom the
generic- revision b\ Salas and (^olas i 1998*. it is not nii-
likeK tli;il tile specimens Irom S(}iith (ieor^i;! Iskmds

D. C. Zcla\a and C. Ituartc. 2()():3

Page 9

Figures 11-l.S. An )/,/)/<>/( linlinlicn^i new spci-ics. 11. Hdlolxpc iMLF (iT34-l i; lateral \ic\\ iiltlie Icit \aKr. 12-l.S. rarat\pcs
(MLP 6734-2). 12. Po.sterinr view, l:J. IJetail ol' the protdc-oucli. 14. Slull siiilarr Miilptmc 1.5. Iiiiht \ic\\ ol a Irit \al\c. Hi.
Inner \ie\v ofa rit;lit valve. 17. l.elt \;ilve. detail of hinge. 18. Right \aKv. detail ot Iniige. Scali- l)ais: Kii^nres 11. 12. 13-lS = 1
nnii; Fignres 1.3, 14 = KHI |a.in.

Page 10

THK NAUTILUS. \ol. 117, Xc

Figui'f 19. W'olcploii luilinh('riS.i new species. A paitiallv ili.s-
sected .specimen (L = 2.7 mm) showing details ol solt parts
anatoniv. f: foot: g: gland ceils of tjie mantle edge; id: imier
deniibranch; od: outer deniilirancli.

reported l>\ Dell (1964) a.s A'. powcUi. would represent
a dillercnt \c(ilcj)t(>ii species. pDssiliK ,V, i^cdr^iiiiiiiin.

Neolcpldit liolinhcrni new species
(Figures 11-lSi

Description: Shell delicate, small sized {nuLxiniinii L =
2.S mm), somewhat inflated (ratio W'/ll = 0.66 ± 0.03,
n = 14), .shell outline cnate, somewhat elongate, high
(ratio II/L = 0.85 ± 0.02, n = 14), somewhat inecjui-
lateral, posterior end exjianded, larger than anterior one;
dorsal margin extended in a wide cune, tending to be
-Straight at posterior half: posterior margin cuned, ven-
tral margin e\enlv arcuate, anterior margin short and
ciuAe. Beaks subcentral. usually eroded. Protoconch
vvell-markeil, smooth, not inflated, al)out 300 |xm long.
Shell sm-face dull shining or silk\, sculptured with well-
marked conunargiual ribs, e\enly spaced; periostracum
pinkish.

Hinge plate solid, narrowing moderatcK' below the
beaks and at posterior hall. Left \al\e: cardinal 2a rela-
ti\'eK' long, slender, enlarged at posterior end; cardinal
2b solid; posterior kiteral PII elongated, liardK' discern-
ible tioin doisal m;iigin. I{ight \;il\c; cardinal 1 high,
with sliarpK triangular tlistal cusp and large base; 3a
slender, long anil low. .'51) (juite short, weak, PI well de-
\elo|)ed, elongate, with (lisl;il cusp.

iimt'r and outer deinibrauchs present: the outer imicli
shorter. sli^htK oxerlappiug the nnier one ;iu(l repi"e-
senting about the third of its length. I''ilaments ol outer
demibrauch uearK horizontal. Inhalant aperture ;md e\-
lialant siphon bordered bv a single row ol sliorl leula-
cli'S. (Glandular cells of the numtle edge preseiil al liolli
sides ol the peiLil ;ipertnre.

Tvpe \I:itiTi:il: iiolot\pe, MLP6734- i; paral\pes: 20
\iLP 6734-2. 10 .\IACX 35291, 10 \IMI\ unumn-
bered; all Irom the t\pe locality, 8 April 1996, HA' Kd-
f MUX) I .. ll<)i.\iBi;iu;.

Other Material E.vamined >60 specimens liom the
t\pc locaht) iMLP 6734-3, .MACN 35292).

Type Locality; 54°18' S, 35°3()' W South Georgia Is-
huids. 91 III.

Distrihiilioii: The species is ouK known from tlii' t\pe
loeiililv.

EtMiiologN: The species is named after the RA' Er)-
iAi;i)() 1,. lloi.MBFRG, aboard of which this species was
collected.

Remarks: The general shell outline and the shell sur-
face sculpture of well-marked commarginal regularly
spaced ribs are chagnostic features of Ncolepton Iwlm-
b('r<ii \w\\ species. Ncolepton holmhrn^i is most similar
to Ncolepton georgianutn new species, differing in hav-
ing a more inflated shell, not much inflated protoconch
antl slu'll surface with stronger and regularlv spaced
commarginal ribs. The more triangular shell outline with
nearly equally arcuate anterior and posterior ends is also
distinctive for .V. holmhergi. The hinge in N. Iiobubcrgi
differs in ha\ing a high carihnal 1, with a wider base and
triangular distal cusp.

W'olcpton hnpci. another similar species, clearK dif-
fers from A'. Iiohnbcrgi bv its larger size, smooth shell
surface, stronger hinge teeth and whitish periostracum.

Ncolepton hobnhcrgi differs from Ncolepton falklan-
dieiun bv its well-marked shell surface sculpture and not
prominent beaks. N. hobnbcrgi differs from the other
Magellanic Ncolepton species (A', cobbi, N. concentriaim
and A', beunctti) in being smaller, ha\ing a relativek' low-
er and markedh' ovate shell outline.

.\(:kno\\ledg\ients

The authors wish to tliank A. Waren and K. Sindeinark
(SMNII) for allowing the stuck- of tvpes of Neolcj)ton
linpii. .uul Iv. Way and \. C'ampbell (XH.M) for sending
photographs of the holot\pe of .V. powclli. D. Nahabe-
dian kinilK made availabli' the specimens collected by
the RA' EDr.AKDo L. Holnhikiu;. The authors are mem-
ln'rs of the Consejo Naciouiil de In\estigaciones C'ienti-
ficas V Tecnicas (CONICET). This work was pai-ti;illy sup-
ported b\ a grant fVoin Finuhicirin .\ntorchas to D. Z.

LITERATURE CITED

Hern, 11(1 K 1S9.3, I'lcmiere note sin le (kHeloppemeiit <'t la
moiphologie de la e(M(nille elie/ les Lamelliliiaiiclies, hnl-
letiii tie la Societe Geologiiine tie France 23: 104-154.

Hern, 11(1. F. 1S9S. Siir ijiiekines c(i(inilles de Lamellii)ninclies
lie file Saint-Paul. Bnlletiii dn Miisimiiu d'llistoire \a-
liiielle 4 (2); 78-86.

Heniard. F. K. 1983. Catalogue ol the li\ing 15i\;iKia of the
Fasten! Pacific Ocean: Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Ca-
n;uli;in Special Piil)!ic;itioiis of Fisheries and .Xtjuatic Sci-
ences (ll: I 120.

Dell, H. K. I9(i4. Antarctic and Siih-Antarctic Mollusca: Am-
phiiieiiia. Scaphopoila ;ind Hi\al\ia. Disco\'en l^eports .33:
93-250.

Nicol. N. 1966. Descripliou. ecolixgy and geographic (lislrihn-
tioii of some .Antarctic pelec\po(ls Bulletins ol ,\iiieiic;in
Paleont(3log\-51 (231); 1-102.

D. G. Zelaya and C. Ituartc. 2003 Face 1 1

Salas, C. and S, (iolas. 1998. Dt-scriptioii cil lour new spci-ics nos: base dr datus ta\(niiiiima \ (listnlmiiiiiial, (iaxaiia,

of .W'o/c/j/o// Montcrosato. 1875 (Mdllnsca: Bi\aKia: Neo- Zoolocrfa 63 (2): 111-164.

leptoiiidaf), with comnieiit.s on tlie geniLS and on its alTin- Zclava, D. (;. and C. Ituarte. 2002 ( )i] the idcntitx n\ Waldo

it)- with the Wneracea. Ophelia 48 ( 1 ): .35-70. parasilicus with tlie dcscnplion ul a new species (Bi\al\ia:

X'iildovinos-Zarges, C. 1999. Biodi\er.sidatl de niolu.seo.s ehile- Galeoniinatacea). The Naiitihis 116: 109-117.

THE NAUTILUS 117(1):12-14, 200:3

Paw 12

A new species of Mcfiila ((Tastropoda: (>()lul)rariidae) from the
Lower Miocene Cliipola Formation of Florida

(.;ir% \\. Schinelz

■5575 12''' Axeiiiii' Southwest
Naples. FL.34]l(i USA
schmei7.@att.net

Roger W. Poiiell

Florida Muscurii ul Natural Ilislor-N'
P.O. Box IITSDO
Universitv ol Florida
G;uiie,sville, FF :i2(Sl 1-7S0() USA
portcll(0i|liiiiili 111! cdii

ABSliiAC.T

Mctiild iniiHcnird. a new species deserihed Irmii the Fewer
Mioeeiie (,'liipola Foniialioii ot ndithern I' lorida. is known oiiK
from the holotxpe that was extracted hoiu an ancient reel di-
posit alonji Teninili' Creek in Ualhonn C^onntw Comparison ol
the new species re\eals similarities with lossil coni;eners .\/e-
tiilti juiircd (Soiander 1766) from Eocene deposits of Fngland
and Mctula pilshnji Olsson. 1942, from the Plio4^1eistocene
Charco .Vznl (Jronp oi western Panama and Costa Hiea.

Ailililiiinal ki'ii iiords Huceinoidea, \eoi;ene, 'rertian. lossil.

INTHODUCTION

A nuinhi'r ot Recent and Fossil species of the <renus Mc-
tula ari' recorded Ironi around tlie work!, hut most are
rare. With few exceptions, nearix all ii\inif species occur
in deep-water euxiroiuneuts, Tlie oldest known Mtiulii
collies Iroiii llie I'loceiie. Iiiit nmst ol llie leporled lossil
species come irom the late TertiaiA. In {"loriila, two spe-
cies occur in Neosiene deposits. Mcliilii mhciH Olssoii.
1967, has been collected Iroiii the I'lioceiie I'inecrest
beds (u[)per Tamiami Foriiiatioii i aloiii; the Kissimmee
Kixer and iroiu (inarries in .Sarasota (^oiintx. and a sec-
ond species, described herein, has been recentk disco\-
ered iii the Fowi'r Miocene (.'liipola I'"ormatioii in norlh-
ern Florida. The new specii'S was colleeled Irmii an an-
cient reel el i\i roil II lent aloiit; Ten mile (,' reek in ( 'allioini
(lountx,

Txpe and figured spei'imens relerred to in lliis jiapei
are depositeil in the Invertebrate Pa!eoulolo'4\ Dixision
ol the Florida \luseimi ol Natural llistoa'. Unixeisitx of
Florida (Ul'i. Cainesxille.

SYSTFM.VTICS

Family C'olubrariidae D.ill, P)l)l
Genus Mcltilii II. and A Adams. 1 S5.3
Suh^emis Mctnlti II. and .\. Adams, 1 S5.'^

Mclula iMcltilfi^ iiiiorciiifii new species
(F'i^ure 1 I

Dt'seriplion: Shell clonnatc-lnsiloi in.
"lossx, 2 1/2 whorls.

leleoconcli wliorls

I'rotoconeli
sli<'lill\ eoii-

\(.'.\. first two whorls with cancellate sculpture, axial
sculpture becomiim prominent on third and fourth
whorls and with 2 to 3 distinct beaded spiral cords ap-
peaiinti below suture. Snrlace ol remaining; whorls gen-
eralK sinoofh. exhibiting ouK" xei"X' hunt cancellate pat-
tern, and spiral cords below shell suture losing their
beaded scul[iture. .\pertiire narrow, c^lliptical, ,slightl\'
less than 1/2 shell length. Posterior jiortion ol aperture
attenuated, anal canal regicni slightlx raised, with lira-
tions on inner surface ol outer lip. Columella and pari-
etal wall ol aperture with callus wash.

Type Material: llolotxpe, I'F 11(1275. h'midi 24.2
mm. width S.d mm.

T\pe Locality: Teiimile C'reck. about ().7S kilometers
west of Chipola River (SEl/4. .Sec, 12, TIN, RIOVV),

( 'allioim ( Jnmtx, Florida (Tiilane Unixcrsitx' localitx' TU
97)1 !. ( liijiola Foniialioii.

Di,stril)ii(i(>ii: known ouK Irom the t\])e localitx,

El>in<)l(»i;\ : Named lor the epoch Irom which the
species w as collected.

Diseus.sion: The oldest species of the genus Mctula in
the United States c-ome from Eocene deposits in .Vlan-
land ((ilark and .M.irtin, 1901 ' and Mississippi and Lou-
isiana (Palmer and Braiin, 19fi("iK rheri' are no recorded
specimens ol Mclula Irom the Foeeiie or Oligocene oi
Florida, Dilleiiiil species ol Mctula liax'c also been re-
covered Irom fjieene di'posits in I'^rance and faiiilaud.
For coiii|)arison pmposes a specinien ol Mclula juurca
I Soiander, 17(i(ii Irom the U]iper F.oeeue Barton Beds
in llam]ishire (!oiiiitv, faigland is illustrated Figure 3)
below the newlv described Mclula [Mctula' niioccnica
(Figure 1 1, The similaritv in scnl|iture and sluqie be-
tween .\/ jinicca anil .\/ i.\/ iniciccuica and to other
lossil and Heeeiit Milula louiiil in the ( 'aribbean sug-
gesls ,111 evoliitinnarv liiik.i'j,e lietv\eeii the [■'.iiropean and
New World s|)ecies,

Neogeue Mclula are known Irom immeidus locations
mehuhug New llebrides > Fadd. 197fi; 1982), Fiji ( Ladd,
1977), Trinid.id |img, I9(>9'. Costa Hiea (Olssiin. 1922:

c. w. s

cIniK'l/ am

I W W. Portc'll. 200:3

•''■;<■

Fii;iii'c'.s 1-3. rliiiida IosmI MiIiiLi ami an Imuciic t'cjimtcr-
part lidiii Kiiiilaiul. 1. Mctiila tn'ioccwird. new spt'tics. llolo-
t\pi-, UF 110275. Ini^tli IM iiiiii, \\i<ltli Sll nnn 2. Milula
rohcrti Olssdii. I^XiT Sclcctrd spcciiiicn Ikiiii Kissiiiimhi- ( ia-
iiiil, UF 62-112. Jciitjtli 23. S iiiMi. wiiltli !) 5 niin 3. Miiiilii jiiii-
cca SolandiT. ilTCifii. Sclccti-d spciiiiuii lioin Barldii Beds.
Fiitjland. I'l'' 122S. inr^tli 17.2 iiiiii. uidtli (i.2 iiiiii Sralc
bar = 10 mill.

19421, I'aiKiiiia iWiimliiini;, I9li4!. niniiiiinaii llcpiilillc'
(Mann, UJ17 '. aii<l soutlieni Floriila (OLssoii, H)(i7 '. I'li-
til iKiw, tin' earlii'St Neogene spcfii's n'|)(irlc(l was li\
WiKKJriiii^ (1964) from tlie Lower Miocene (.iilehia I'oi-
niatioii (il i'anania. Tliat specie,s \\a,s iileiitifieil Iroin
"niokls and incomplete impressions" ami bore some re-

senililanee to Miliihi ciniiclliilii (lalili. 1S73. i^eeaiise ol
the paiieitx .iiid iiii-ompleteness ol material, liowcser
Woodriii'j; ne\ei' (li'seril)ed the ranaiiia speeies.

Olsson ami leaver (1972i di\icletl American Miiula
into several snl)ii;enera. In the lanj;est snht;emis, Mfliilii
wnsii sliirto. lhe\ placed those sh(41s that possess an
attenuated posterior apertme and long anal canal bor-
dered b\ a liratt'd hnmp on the inner surface of the
outer lip. ()lhei" members ol the genus that lack the
alorementioned le.ilmcs well' either assifflied to their

c>

new subgenera A'^rissiliilii or Miiiiliild. The anterior ca-
nal of Aiifixsiliila is long ami ciu-\ed or twisted, whereas
the anterior canal ol Miiiilidn is short and straight. Ols-
son and Bavcr (1972) also named a fourth siibgeiiiis,
Floritu/fi. but were imeertain about its \alidit\, 'i'lie onl\
known iepreseiitati\i' of this subgenus is the Florida Fli-
ocene spi'cies Mctiil/i rohcrii Olsson, 19fS7. .Since there
are oiiK trivial ilifferences between the subgenera Flor-
itiila ami Mcliiin described In Olsson and Ba\cr (1972),
Bell and .\ia\well (19S7) listi'tl Floritiila as a SMioinni
tor Mctlild Tliev also reclassifit'il Mrtiila [Miiiiliild! mi-
nor Olsson and Ba\er, 1972. the t\pe species of the sub-
genus Minituld. into the famik C.'ohunbellitlae. Because
of the attenuated [lostt'rior aperture and lirations 011 the
inner surface of the oiiti.'r lip. the Chipola Mrtnlii is as-
signed to the subgenus Mctiilii.

There has been considerable nncertaint\ about the
correct faiiiiK elassifii'ation of Miiiihi. In a review of this
contro\ers\. Boueliet ( I9SiS) noted that some in\estiga-
tors opted to keep the genus in the famik Buccinidae.
while others felt that certain anatomical features of the
radula justified assigumeiit to the faniilv Colubrariidae.
Ben and Maxwell (1987), in an extensive revision of the
Coliihnirui and related genera, classified Mctiila, Colii-
braiia. and several related genera in the siibfamilv Pis-
aniinae into the Buccinidae. Wrmeij (20011. in his re-
view of the subfamilv Pisaniinae. supported the place-
ment of Mctula in the C^olubrariidae, which he main-
tained as a separate familv near Buccinidae. His decision
was based upon anatomical characteristics, sliell mor-
phokigv'. and ecologii'al factors. Commensurate with his
findings, herein we follow \ermeijs assiginnent.

Mctuhi (M(iiil(0 iniocciiicii comes from the Lower
Miocene C'liipola Formation, which has an age range ol
fS to f9 million vears (Jones et al.. 1993). Therefore,
this uewlv discovered s|iecies is the oldest Neogeue Mc-
luhi thus far repoiied. In overall form it bears a stronger
similaritv to .\/. jiincvd Imm the L'ppi'r Eocene Barton
Beds of England (I'"igme ■> than to the more recent
Florida Pliocene species Mihild (Mctula) rohiiii 1 Figure
2). Among Neogene species. M (M.) tniorcnicd is similar
to Mctula [Mctula) pilsbriji Olsson, 1942. rroin the Plio-
Pleistocene Oliarco .\/,nl Oroiip in western Panama and
(Josta Rica. However, .\/. (,\/. ) iniorcnica is about hall
the si/.e of .\/ (.\/. ) i>il\lin/i and lac'ks the well-defined
cancellate scul[)tniing on all but the first h\n whorls ol
the teleoconch. Mctula [M • kcnusis f.add. f97(i. Iroiii
Pleistocene dejiosits in .New Ilebiick's is also similar to
M. (M.) luioccnica. Both have approximateh the sami'

Paw- 14

THE NAl'TILLS. \ol. 117. NO. I

shell (iiiiicnsions and contonrs and hotli possess a \en'
faint caneellatc senljitnrc on tlic later wlioiis. Ilowexcr.
A/, lA/, I iniocfiiicii lias I\mi Io llncc proniincnl spnal
hands that appear jnst helow llic sntnres and in the earK
whoi'Is there is also a more pronmienl eaneeilate senlp-
tnre jiatterii. Among extant ( iaiihliean species A/ lA/^
luioiriiicri is most similar to Mcliiln iMcliihi^ clliiui Ols-
soii and Ha\('r. 1972. i5olh ha\e .i|)pi"(i\inialel\ the same
ho(l\ dimensions and shape and lioth iia\e line to
smootliK eaneeilate hod\ senljitnrint;. Mcfiilti lA/ ' iiiio-
ccnicfl. iiowexer. is more slender, has a more elevated
spire, and the liod\ wlioii is more sharpK aiii^led towaid
the hase.

\(:K\()\\i,i:n(;\iK\TS

i'lie aiithois extend a spi^eial note of thanks to ( 'eeil
Sexton ((^alhonn (.'omits, I'D for granting permission Io
eolleel on his propertx. f-liehard Petit (Nortli Mvrlle
lieaeli. ,SC,') and Cireg Ilerheit (Unix'ersih' of ('alilornia
at f)a\is, (.;A) kindl\- assisted with the ai'ijinsitioii ol rel-
evant literatnre, (ieorge Heeht (I'F) and |ose 11. Leal
(The Bailex -.Matthews Shell Mnsenm. 1''1J provided
photographie snpport and a speeinien loan, respeetivelv.
This is the I'niversilv ol f'lorida ( .'onliihnlion to Pah'o-
biologx' 511.

LITERVnivl': CITKH

Ben, A. (;. and 1^. A. Maxwell. 19S7 A ivvisioii iil' the fossil
and living gastropcids relatetl In /'/rs/. i/r/Yo/i Fischer, 1.SS4
(F'ainilv Cancclluriidae, Sniiraiiiilv rlcsidlnloninac ii. su-
lilaiii.K w'itli an appendix: genera el Hiicciiiiilac Pisaniiiiae
related to ('uliihrinin Sc iiuinaclicr. IS17 \iv\ /r.il.iiid
Geological Siinev Paleoiitological 15nllctin o4: 1-140.

BoiK'lict. P, 1988, Two new species ol Mcttil/i (( lastropoda:
Bnccinidac) with a dcscriplioii nl llic r.iiliihi ol llic geinis
The .Nautilns 102: 149-15.3.

Clark. W. li. and C. (.'. .Martin, I9l)| Tlie JMicenc deposits n\
.\hiiTland. .Man. land ( a'oloi^ic.il .Siinev, Ixiv + XW pp

Jones, S,'j., .Mueller, P A„ llodcll, I), A,' and Sl,inl,v, I. \
1993, " Sr/'"'Sr geocliroiioloin. ol ( jligoccm- and Mincciic

marine strata. In: /iillo, V, A,, W, B, Harris, T, M. Scott,
ami R, W, Portell (eils,). The Ncogcne of Honda and ad-
jacent regions. Proceedings oI'iIr' third Bald Head Island
(Conference on coastal proiilciiis. Florida (ieoloffical .Snr-
\cv. Special Pnhlication 37, pp, 1.5-26.

hni',; P. ]969. Miocene and Pliocene niollnsks I'roiii Trinidad,
liiilletins of .Xmerican Paleontologv .5.5(247): 289-657, pis.
13-60.

L.idd, 11. S. 1976, New Pleistocene N'eogaslropoda Iroiii llie
\cw llehridcs. The Xantilus 90(4): 127-138

l.,idd IIS. 1977. ('eno/oic lossil niollnsks from western Pa-
cilic islands; gastropods (Kratoidac tliroiigli llaqiidae),
L'nited States (Geological Snnt'V Professional Paper .5.3.3:
i\ ( S4 pp., 23 pis.

Ladd. If. .S, 1982, C'eno/oic lossil niollnsks Ironi western Pa-
cific islands; gastropods (Knlimidac and N'olntidae through
Terehridael, United St;iti's (ieolot;ic;il Professional Paper
1 171: i\ + 100 pp„ 41 ]>ls,

.M.iiin (' I 1917 S.inlii Doiningo tvpe s[)eciiiiens ;ind fossils,
pail I Mulliisca. Hiillelins ol .Vinerican Paleontologv
5(29': 1-251. .39 pis.

( )lss(iii. ,\. :\. 1922. Tlie Miocene ol northern (Coshi Kic;i, v\illi
miles (III its general stratinrapliic relations; Part 1. 15iille-
liiis (;1 .\iiicrican Paleontologv 9(.39); 1-167, 15 pis,

OlssDii, \. .\. 1942, Tertian' and Qnuteman- fossils from tlie
l^iirica I'eninsnla and (,"osta Kic;r Bnlletins of .\inerican
P;ileontologv 27(106): 1.57-2.34,

Olsson. .\. .\, 1967, Sonic Tertiarv niollnsks Ironi south l-'lorida
,ind the ( :;irilil)e;ui. Paleontolot;ical Research lustitntiou,
tS pp,. 9 pis,

(ilssdii. .\. .\. and !■', M. leaver 1972. .\iiieric;ui .Vletnlas (((Gas-
tropoda; Bnccinidac'. Bullctiiiol M. nine Science 22: 900-
925. 14 figs.

I';iliiiei. K. \( \\(. .uid I). C Br.inii, 1966. Catakjgue of die
I'.ik'ociMie ;iiid Eocene .Mollusca of the sontluMTi and I'ast-
ern United States, part 2; Ciastropoda, Bulletins of ,\nier-
ic;in Paleontolosjv 48 (218); 467-1057, pis. 4-5.

\(iiiieij. (I. J. 2001. Taxoiioinv, distrihntion. and characters of
tfie pre-Oligoceiie iiienihers ol the Caiitlianis group of
I'isaniinae (Xcogastropoda: Buccinidae', |onrn;il of Pale-
ontologv 75; 29.5-309, 1 pi,

Woodrjng, \\( 1' 1964. (ieologv and p.ileoiitologv of ((anal
/.one ,iiid iidjoining parts of Panama. Description of Ter-
tian inoilusks (gastropods; ((olinnhellidae to \'olutidae).
United States Crcological Sunev. Professional Paper .306-
C: 241 297, pis, .39-47,

THE NAUTILUS 117(l):15-22, 2()(«

\\m-

A new species ot Aiicillciriiiiae (Gastropoda: Olhidae) from die
southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Cuido Pastorino

Museo Aivi'iitliKi lie ( 'irinias

Naturalfs
A\, Aiiijel C;alhu(lo 470
(;141)5 DJR BuciHis Aires

arc;e\ti\a

n ii.istiirC^triha.i'ilii.ur

ABSTRACT

A new species ol the aiicillitl t^eiius Ainiihld is deserilied Ikiiii
the soutiiwesteni Atlaiitie oft Brazil. I'mguaN. and Arijeiitina.
Aiudldd joscairlosi new species was identified as Aiicillii dim-
iilidlii and \ liinkmiUii l)v pre\ious aullidrs. Detailed stnd\
ol the t\pe material and other specimens ol the two latter ta\a
allowed lor the recognition of the new species. Adults and ju-
\eniles ot Aiiuihid josccarlosi ne\\' species from sexeral localities
alont; the Sonthwestern .Atlantic coast are illustrated, described
and compared to (itlier Ining congeners.

iN'rKoni'CTiox

Tlie genera Aiiuilila. Aiicillii. and .se\'eral other Ancillar-
iinae from the southeastern Atlantic were tliorongliK
stndii'd In Kilhurn (1977, UiSO, UISI. 1993). Killnnii
and Boiichet (19S8) also .studied the genus ,\;;i(//(/r/ Ironi
New Caledonia de.serihing tour new species and one
.suh.speeies. Besides Ainahhi juscaniosi new specie.s.
tliere are loin' species ot Ancillariinae in the southwe.st-
ern .Atlantic: Aiuilhi jdiistoi .Matthews, Matthews and
Dijek. 19S(). .A. iHcsjxniiicilld^ i)i(iltluir\i Bni'cli and
Burch, 19fi7 and Ehunui liiuiin/ii (Beniardi, 1S59).
AiiKihIa tfinkcn ilia {Swain.son, 1S25) occurs only off
northern South .America {i.e. Isia Margarita, N'enezuela).
Rio.s (1994) e.xpre.s.sed donlits ahout the presence of this
species off Brazil. There is not. howeser, a s\stematic
treatment of the sulilaniiK lor the species occmiing in
the southwestern Atlantic.

Dall (1S9()) mentioned \omig and dead spet-imens ol
:\iiifil(l(i limkcnilhi oil liin At- La I'lata (Argentina) and
the Brazilian coast collected 1)\ the .Al.BATIu.iss expedi-
tion at stations 2764 and 27fi2, respeetiveK'. Perhaps in-
fluenced In the latter record, Fernandez (1965) also cit-
ed Aiicilla tdiikrrrillii. a N'enezuelan species and t\pe ol
the genus Aiiuililn II, and .A. .Adams, 1S54, Irom oil Ar-
gentina. Scarahino (1977) eonsiilered this record as Aii-
cilhi (liniitliatd and extended the known range ol this
species to San Mati'as Gulf, Ri'f) Negro Pro\ince, .Argen-
tina (~4rS). Previously. Strebel (1908), based on ma-

terial III the Swedish Siidpolar I'Apedition. illustrated
what lie identified as .A, rliinidiiiln troni the southern
coast of the Brazilian stati- ol Rio twanek' do Sul. Marcus
and Marcus (1968) studied the anatomy of specimens
supposedK' of Anrilhi dhnhhata hut based tlu' name on
specimens identified b\ Klappenbach trom tlii' littoral of
Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Uhatuba and .\ugra dos
Rcis). The specimens studied b\' Marcus and NLucus are
herein assumed to belong to the new species.

In his original description ol' Aiiiillaha diiniiliatd. C
B. Sowerb\- II (1859). ga\e Red Sea as the t\pe localitx'.
Later, E. A. Snuth (1915: 96) challenged that' loealit)- and
mentioned th<it C;. B. Sowcrln Ill's record (1892) of A.
dimidiidii fiom South Alrica was probabK' incorrect.
This latter opinion was confirmed In Kilburn ( 1981: 408)
who s\nionymized .A. dimidiata ((',. B. Sowerin III. 1892:
lion C. B. Sowerbx II, 1859) with Aiuilhi iiuiniitinilti
(Ree\'e, 1864). The present report includes, in acklition
to the description ol the new species of Anialdd, a stiuK
of the svntvpes oi .\n(illdrid dhuididtd C B. Sowerbv
II, 1859, the hoIot\]ie i)i Ancilldiid tdiikcnillii Swainson,
1825, and se\cral other relevant lots of these species.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The specimens examined in tins study are deposite<l in
the collections of the Museo .Argentino de Ciencias .\a-
tnrales "Bernardino Ri\"ada\ia ", Buenos Aires (MACN).
Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina (MLP), and the
Museo Nacional de Ilistoria Natural .Montevideo. Uru-
gnav (MNHNM). Two s\nt\pes n[' Ancillinid diiiiidiiihi
and the holotxpe ot Aiicillahd tditkcnillii mv housed In
The Natural IIistor\' Museum. Loiuhni iBMNII),
BMNII 197832 and BMNII 197824 iX'specti\eK-. Ref-
erence material from Brazil housed at t!ie .Museu de
Zoologia de la Universidad de Sao Panlo, Brazil (MZSP)
and at the J. C. Tarasconi collection i Porto Alegre. Bra-
zil) were also studied.

Dissections were performed on ethanol-presened
specimens. The radulae were prepared according to the

Paa;e 16

THK XAITIIAS. \i)l. 117. No, 1

method descrihed hv Solein (1972). Most pliotot^raplis
were taken using a digital camera. -\I1 images were dig-
italK' processed.

Most oi tlie terniiiu)log\ used in tlie description of
the species followed Killmrn (1977. 1981), Marcus and
Marcus (1968), and Nbskuil (1991). liowcwr llic pos-
terior groove (apical line of Marcus and Marcus, 19SP
is here defined as the narrow and wx'ak groove ol tlic
last whorl, which starts in the |)arietal callus, runs par-
allel to till' aiicillid groove, and cuds in (he lahruiii. The
area between (he [losterior groove and the ancillitl
groove is here referred to as the last whorl midclle
hand. .\ data matrix hasi'tl on 2fi shells was picparcd
including their uiaxiiunm length and width and the
lengti) of the region between the posterior groove and
the ancillid groovi' when both grooves reach the edge ol
the labrum isee Table 1). Figures 22-25 show the dif-
ferent shell terminologies.

SV.STE.M.VnCS

Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1791
Order Neogastropoda W'enz, 1938
Family Olividac Latreille, 1825
SubfauiiK' .Ancillariinae .Swainsou. 1S4II

Remarks: 1 follow K.intor and f-iouchet (19991. who
showed that Ancillariinae Swainsou. 18-10. h<is prioritv
over .\ucillinac H. and ,\. .\danis. 1853.

Ocmjs .\}iiiil<lii 11. and A. \(lauis, 1853

Type Species: .Kiicillnrui hnikm illii Swainsou. 1825.
bv subse(|uent dcsi^naliou ol \ okcs, 19.39.

Amalda jo'^ccaiiosi new species
Figures 1-14

Andllaria tankcnillci I5all. 1890: :5I().

Ancilhirui diiiiidiiita Strclicl. f(J()S: 25, pi. I. figs. 2a-('.

Ancilhi (limidiiilii Siiiilli 1915. nun Sovvcrhv, 1859, nee Sovv-
erl)v, 1892: .Marcus and Marcus, t968. figs. 1-9 (anatomy);
Rios, 1970: 102, pi. 32; 1975: ili, pi. 33, fig. 472; 1985:
1ft, pi. 38, fig. 491; f994: 143, pf. 46, fig, 6i3; I-'ignciras
and Sicar(fi, 1973: 264, pf. f5. fit;. f93: 'Scaral)in(). i977:
19f. pf. 3. fig 8: Calvo. f987: 164. fig. f48.

Ancill/i /«;iA('n ;//(■!, Fernandc/. 1965 figs. 1—4: (;astcffan()S.
1970: 121, y\ 9. fit;, 7. non Svvaiuscin. 1825,

Diagnosis: Shell suiiill. clll|)tic ovate. Spire low. cov-
ered bv primarv callus, secondan c;illus tougnc-shaped.
aperture thin, with !;ibral denticle subtiiniiual, conspic-
uous. Colnmellar pillar straight, 3 — 1 oblique pleats, pos-
terior groove starting at the parietal callus, slightlv adaj)-
ical to the posterior angle, ending graduallv below the
middle part of lai)rum. Ailult specimens show sudden
change in direction of posterior groove tovvaid auterioi
edge of laiirum. Shell bright-white, adult specimens with
faint, darker snbsutural line visible imder spire gla/.e and
comprising a region delinuted bv the jiosterior groove
and the ancillid groove; last whorl niuUle b:ind d;u'ker

Table 1. Slicif niciisurciiicnts I nun) ol .\nuilihi josccadosi new
species an(f ,A dintiiliillil svntvpes.

I'usteiiDr

Anuilda jcm'caHosi

Shell

Sfielf

groove-fiLst
wlidrl middle

new species

leni;tli

width

hand

M.\(;N 6519

Hofotvpe

17.6

8

3.7

M.\C:\ 23489

Faratype

18.8

8.6

3.9

17

7.6

4.8

M,\(:\ 936 f -57

Panitvpe

10.8

4.6

3

\i.\(:\ 1(1295

20.8

9.2

4.2

.M.ACN 15356

Parat\pe a

15.4

1

2.5

Parat\pe 1)

15.6

6.8

3.7

Paratope c

9.8

4.9

3.5

MACN 8587-16

Paratope a
Parat\]ie h

16
13.2

7.6
6.4

3
3.1

M,U:\ 1(1707

l';uatv]ie

13.3

5.8

3.2

Ml.f 1454

Paratvpe

17,4

8.2

1.8

Tarascoiii collei.tiDii

I Sarit;i ( .'at;irin;ii

Specimen ;i

12,2

5.6

3.2

S]X'cimcn b

12

5.6

2.3

S])ccimen e

11.7

5.2

2.4

Spcciineii il

9.6

4.4

2.7

Tarasconi enlleetieii

iSao Paiilo)

Spcciliieii a

12.8

5.8

3.6

Spcciilieil 1)

10.3

4.9

3.3

Spcciimii e

10

4.6

2.4

Specimen il

7.4

3.4

1.2

Ml.Ps/n

21

9.3

2.4

MZSP 32883

11.7

5

3.3

Specimen a

9.1

3.6

2.8

Specimen li

9

4

2.8

A diinitlidlii

Svntvpe 1

20.6

7.8

8.5

Sviit\pe 2

15.8

6.5

7.5

Desci'lplion: sIhII small, up to 22 nun m length, cl-
llptic-ov;il<'. s(iuicwli;it lusiform. with five smooth, ll.it
whorls, I'rotocoucli with 2. .5 whorls, comiiletelv smooth,
tr;uisluccut. Suture impressed, visible onlv m the first
whorls ol vonug siiecimens, cdvi'ied in adult specimens
bv prim.iiA c;illus. exccpl on protocouch. Secoud;n"N'
tou'j;ne sh.ipe c.illus extends Iniui the nnddle of the pen-
ultiiuate whorl, over the posterioi' ;mti;ie ol the aperture
.nul the posterior |)art of the labrum. to the begiiming
of the eolnniell.il |)ill;ir, l.;isl w hoil sli<;lillv shouldered.
\|)ei"tnie t i"i,uiu;ui;n'. poslerior end slront;lv ;ni<;led. la-

(;. Pasf(

). 2003

Paw \:

Figures 1-10. Aiiuilda joscnirlosi new species ]-;?. Ihilctxpe MACN 651VJ. Colfo Sun Matias. Rio Negro, Argentina. 4-5.
Parat\pe. MACX 8587-1(1 ARA Patria, Station SO. oil Mai del Plata. Buenos Aires. 6. Parat\pe. M.\CN' 15356-1. 34°4I)' S-
53°59'3U" W. 7-8. MI4' niinninbered. Mar del Plata. Buenos Aires. 9. Detail of the protoconch of the specimen of fig. 4-5, 10.
Detail of the basal part, showing the laliral (lenticle. Scale liar = 5 iniii lor F'igures 1-8.

Page IS

THE NAUTILUS. Vol. 117. No. 1

Figures 11-21. 11-12. \mcd(lo joscrnrlosi new spi'cifs, 11. Dnis.il mcw (il llif i.idiila. Scale li.ir = 50 fj.ni. 12. i.at.-nil view of
tin- same radiila. Stall' l)ar - 20 (xiii. 13-14. Extt-nial and iiitriiial \if\vs (iltlic cipcriuliiiii. Scale liar = 2.5 niiii- 15-17. Amahhi
Umkcnillii (Swainson. 1S25), three xiews oftlie lioioKpe. BMMI 19TS2-1. Scale liar = ID nini. lS-21. Mrillaria dwuduita Sowerhy.
1S59. hvo \jcus ol'tlie i\\() s\iit\pes BMXII U)7S.>2. Scale liar -- 5 iniii.

C. Pastcjriiio, 2003

Fa<rc 19

Figures 22-25. 22-23. Ainalda Idiikiirillii iSwaiiison. l>)25i hoiii Isia Mari;arita. Wntviicla. Scale har = II) rum. 24-25. Aiiialda
Joscrarlosi new species, MA(;\ S5ST-lfi. off Mar del Plata. Buenos Aires. Scale har = 5 nun. .^hhreviations; ah: aiuilliil hand: all):
anterior tasciolar hand; afg: anterior lasciolar groo\e; ag: ancillid groo\e; cp: colinnella pillar; Id: lahral denticle; Kvh: last whorl
middle band; ml: maxinumi length; mw: maximum width; pll): posterior fasciolar hand; pig: posterior tasciolar groove; pg: posterior
groove.

bnim \er\ tliin, shaii"). curved; basal tli-nticle sulitenni-
nal, conspicuous; lahral base projects bevond base of col-
umella base. Siplional notch deep. C;(jlumellar pillar
straight, with 3—4 oblique pleats, the posterior larger
reaching the parietal callus, anterior fasciolar groove lair-
ly deep, anterior and posterior fasciolar band ("opa(|U('
area" of Marcus antl Marcus, 1981 ) of similar width and

divided hv a weak median ridge; posterior lasciohir
groove verv' weak. Posterior groove starting slightlv
above the posterior angle of the aperture and ending
gradually always abapicallv to the middle part ol labnmi,
.Adult specimens show sudden clicUigc of direction ol
posterior groove toward the anterior etlge of the lab?imi
(Fiiiure 5). Ancillid <iroove shallow, ancillid band narrow.

Page 20

THK NALTILUS, Nol. 117, No. 1

Growtli lin(\s covering (Mitirc sliell. \er\- conspicuous on
last wliorl, Ibrming a brown color pattern. "Microslia-
green" sculpture (■■micro.sco[)ic pustules" sctisii Killiurn.
19S1) rcgularK jiackcd in liotli calluses and less dense
on coluniellar pillar and adapcrtural part ol lai)nun. Col-
or bright white; some specimens (usualK adults) with a
subsutural dark but iaint line under spire glaze. Region
delimited b\' the posterior grooxc and the ancillid groove
("basal groove" of Nhircns an<l Maixus. 19fiS, herein w-
ferred to as "last whorl middle band") brownish or dark
tinted. Operculum delicate, pale-vellow. (ix.ite-elliptical,
somewhat oblong, nucleus subterminal. alt.ielmient area
on left side (F"igures 13-14).

Radula is rachiglossate: rachiilian teeth with three
cusps, the central one shorter than tht.- laterals. One den-
ticle behveen the central cusp .md the laterals (some-
times an extra olisolett', as\inmetric ilenticle is \isible.
see Figure 12), aKvavs rising Irom the base of the rach-
idian tooth. Marginal teeth eui-Ned with a thick attach-
ment area.

It is interesting to remark (hat the short central cusp
ol the rachidian in radnia is a recurring character in the
genus Amalda (as iar as it can be seen on .A. Icuuiitrci.
A. crosnieri and .A. jciiiicii. all Kilburn. 19771. Fh)we\er
Ancilla (Hcspi'raiiciUa i nuittlii'usi Biu-ch and Burcli.
1967 (accorchng to Kill.inn. 19S1:45() figure 239) has
also the same kind ol rachidian teeth. The lull signifi-
cance is unknowni.

Type Material (Table 1): ilnlotxpe: M.\C\ 6519, P.
if. Hnmo \idela and A. i'o//.i coll.. Ma\ 194fi. dead
shell. I'aratvpes: two shells, MACJN 234S9, 34"4()' S-
58°1S' W. 100 m de])th. IS Sep. 1938: one shell, MACN
9361-57, Mar del Plata Mar 1915: two shells + one
live-collected .specimen. MACX 15356-2, 34°40' S-
53°59'30" VV, 29.3 m depth. Mar 1925: one shell.
MACN 85S7-16, ARA (research \ess(>l) P.\thi.\, Station
80, off Mar del Plata: one shell. MACN 10707, Mar (k-l
Plata: one sheik MI.P 1454, Miramar, Buenos Aires; one
shell, MNIIN.M 9111. Cabo Polonio, Depiutamento Ro-
cha, Umguav, fishing boat. 3 Nov. 1958.

Type Locality: Collo S:in Malf.is. Kio Negro Pnn-
ince, .\rgentina (—41" S).

Other Material Examined: One sinll \1A( \
10295. .Mar del i'lat;i. Hnenos .\ires; one li\ e-collceled
specimen. M I ,P unmimbered. Mar di-l l^iata ( I'ignics 7
8) (this is [)robabl\ thi' same specimen mentioned :ind
dissected b\- Fernandez, 1965; she did not. hnwcvci-. re-
port the collection number and. as Iar as inlormation on
the label goes, the material has no special uomenclalnral
standing); four li\e-c()llected specimens, 'iarasconi col
lection, southern coast of Sao Paulo State, l^razil. 20-40
ni depth. December 1996; fi\(' li\e-collecte(l specimens,
Tarasconi collection, oil Lagmia. Santa ('atarina St;ite.
Brazil, 60-80 m depth. Apr. 2000; three li\c-eollected
specimens, M/SP .3288.3. off .\ti'.ir;i dos Beis. Bio dr
Janeiro SLite. I5rir/il, Mar 1969.

Distribution: From F,s])frlt() Santo. Iir.i/,il i Bios.

1994) (-20° S) to CnWh San Matias, Argentina (-41° S)
iScarabino, 1977). The depth range appears to increase
from the north, wliere it is a shallow w'ater species, to
the south, where it li\es in depths to 80 m.
Etymology-: Named alter m\ friend and s(>rious collec-
tor jose ('arlos 'lanisconi from Poi'to .Vle^re. Br:i/il.

Comments on Literature Heeords: Strebel 1908)
33°05'-5r'10' W (south of Bio thande do Sul State,
15razil), 80 m depth, station 1 of the Swedish Siidpolar
F,\pedition, as Ancilla diiuidiaUO: Scarabino (1977) cited
this species (also as Aiicilld cliiiiidiata) from off Bahi'a
San Antonio, Colfo San Nhitfas (—41° S) in sand\ bot-
toms. Dalls material from the Albatross expedition orig-
inallv identified as Aiicilliiria laiiknrillii (A. tankervilici
of Diilli ;md kiter identified b\' M. A. Klappenlnich as
Ancilla diniidiata [A. Kabat pers. connn.): USN.M 96128,
Station USFC 2762, 111.6 m depth. 20°08' S, 41°34' W
(30 Dec. 1887); USNM 96619. Station USFC 2764. 21.0
m depth, Samborombon Bav 36°42' S, 56°23' \\' (12
|an. 1888) both st:itions published in Dall (1890); and
llSNM 224495 anil 686371 :u-e from station USFC
2766. f9.2 m depth. Samboronib()n Bay. 36°47' S, 56°23'
W (12 Jan. 18S8) (Kabat, pers. connn.).

DISCUSSION

Amalda josct-arLtsi nc'W sjiecies was conlused with A
diinidiata and A tankcirillii In \arious authors (Dall.
1890; Strebel. 1908; Fenuintk-z.' 1965; Castellanos. 1970;
Scarabino, 1977: among tithers). Kilburn (1977) pro\id-
ed a short di;ignosis of the genus Amalda that was adopt-
I'd herein; liowe\ei', the definition of a new character
w;is neci.'ss;u'\ in older to elarib the shell nioq)holog\'
of the new species as well as the t\p(>. Siibgcneric as-
signment was avoided beciuise as Kilburn remarked sub-
genera "are in urgent need ol re\ision".

Amalda lankcriillii (Figures 15-17) from Wnezuela.
inention(>d bv Dall (18901 In,,,, off Hu, de ki Plata and
erroneonsK identified In Fernandez (19651, is a species
kirge for the genus, which re;iehes more th;in 75 mm,
with :in almost smooth eolnmeiki pilkir and .i thin Iringe
bclwccn ihe posterior grooxe and the ancillid gro()\'e,
defined heie as the last whorl middle band. Coloration
is :ilso \eiA- diffeicnl: disliiicl sh.idi's ol p:ile orange for
.\. lankcirillii and whilisli loi the new sjiecies. Dall
(1890). Fern.indc/ (19(S5l. ;uid M.ireiis .uul M.u'cns
( 1968). among other authors, used ;in emenck'd \ersion
of tlu> spelling of this species: .A, tankervilici. However.
;ii(ordinL( 1(1 the Articles .32.3 and 32.5 ol the lnli'rn:i-
li()n;il ()(Hle ol '/.(iiilogic;il NonuMiclature ( Iiiternalional

( ,'oiniiiissi Ill /.(Hilogic.il Xoinenclatnre. 1999) the

origiiiiil incorrect latinization is not considered ;iii error
:iiid therefore does not w;ur;iiit emendation.

Two s\nl\pes (il A (liinidiala housed .il the BMNII
• ipparentK ha\e ne\cr been illustrated :iiter the oriiiinal
(leseri|)tlon. UnlortuiKiteK. solt parts weic not pre-
sencd. 4'lie\ ;ire simikir to the new species licic de-
.scribed. but it h.is ;i ihiimer profile, the columelki pillar

(^ I'astorino. 2()()o

Paw 21

shell length/width

Figure 26. Sfattt-r ilia<;i'airi slidwiiiii tlir rclatlciii lictwri'ii
Icnjitli of the field liehveen the apical hue and aiK ilhd hand
\s. sliell lengtli/width of Ainiildti josccdrlnsi new sprues (♦)
and s\nt^]les (il Aiuillii iliiiiiilinln (Ml. \ = 20.

is sfiai'^littT ami with less einispieiiDiis phiits, and the
anterior (aseiiilar groove is dei'per. The posterior !j;ioo\e
in lioth SMit\]ies ol .\ (liiliiiliiitii aK\ a\ s reaches the hi-
hiinn aho\e its iiiidcUc' point. ()ii the otlier liand ni ,ill
the specimens stuilied (more than 20 at dillereiil milo-
genetic stages and from different loeafities), the apieal
line of tlie new species al\va\'s reacht's the lahinm an-
terior to its middle point, particiilarK' in adult specimens.
Tlie scatter diagram (Figure 2fi) sliowing a plot of the
length ol the last whorl middle band at the edge ol the
lahruni (the hantl between the posterior groo\c and an-
cillid gro()\e) \s. the shell lengtli/width I'learK shows the
difference bet\veen the two s\nt\pe's of .A. tliiiiidiatti and
se\eral specimens of A. josccarlosi new species. ,\s far
as I know, till' geographical distribution ol A diiniiliiild
does not include waters off Argentina. Due to the large
and pooiK explored Brazilian shelf, its presence or ab-
sence olt this countn' could not be \erihecl. Kilburn
(pei"S. comm.) considered the l^ed .Sea as an erroneous
loeaht\. The real range of A (liiiiitliiiln remains uncer-
tain

\osknil (UJiJi) reilesci'ibed ,ind illuslraled the recent
species of the genus Eburua Lamarck, 1801, including:
two species from the southern Caribbean, K. 'jjditnild
(L., 1758) (tvpe .species of Elmnui) and E. hullialu
(Swainson. 1825) and one from off northern Brazil, E.
liciuirilii (Bernarih, 1859). In addition, Kilburn tliscnssed
the diagnostic characters of the genus Auuilila. He point-
ed out the definition of Anmlda of some i-eccnt authors
better fits some species of Ban/spini than A luiikcn illii,
t\pe species itf Ainald/i. .\ccording to N'osknil ( 1991 I the
diagnosis ol Aiiudda followed In (,'haNan ( 19(i5! and Kil-
burn (1977) was based on species ol Ban/sjiini latliei'
than on A Innkm illii. \bsknil finalK concluded that
Amaldd siiould lie considered as a subgenus o{ Ehuniii.
I agret' that the Aiiuilda spi'cies describi'tl b\ Kilburn
autl Bouchet (1988j and Kilburn (1993) present several

distiuel charactcis that are somewhat far remo\ed from
those in .\ liiiduii illii i'erhaps luture research will
show thai Amaldd desenes Inrliii r taxonomic cfi\ision.

The morpliolog\ ol the umbilicus of the species in-
cluded in Ehiiniii are in fact a conclusi\e character that
should wairant lull generic status. However. Ainuldd
(t\pe species Amaldd Idnkcirillii^ should also be consitl-
ered as a lull-fledged geuirs with two species in the
southwestern Atlantic.

.According to the liter.itnre. most ol (he species of .'\n-
cillai'iinae occur outside llie New World. .South .Mrica,
the .Arabian Peninsula, New C^aletlonia, and Indonesia
appear to be the nngions with the largest number of spe-
cies. Amaldd ii>M-rdrlo\i new species is the onlv species
of the subfamii\ Iniiii; in .\rgentina. In addition, despite
the good de\cl(pinenl ol Tertiarv deposits in Patagonia,
there is no record ol lossil representati\es of this genus.
Therefore, Amalda jn'^ccaiiosi new species, the south-
ernmost living species of the subfamiK. is probably de-
rived from the (>aribbean stock in wliiclr area the tvpe
species of the genus presentlv occur.

ACK\rmi.Fn(-:M!-:\TS

I am gratelnl to H, Kilburn (Natal .Museum, South Af-
rica) for sharing inlormalion about the geographical tlis-
tnbiiliou ol species ol Aiudldd. A. Kabat (USNM) pro-
vided essential data about Dall's material. A. Tablado
(.MACN) and C. Itnarte (MbP) kiudlv gave access to
malacological collections. L. Simone (Museu de Zoolo-
gia, USP, Brazil) provided information and specimens
from Brazil, jost' (;, Tarasconi (Porto Alegre) as usual
kiudlv provideil specimens from his extensive collection.
Fabrizio Scarabino (IN'.APK, L'niguav) provided lienefi-
cial criticism. Two excellent reviewers improved the
original manuscript consiilerablv. This work was sup-
ported in pari bv the i^roject Pl'CJT \o. 01-04321 from
the National Agencv lor Scientific and Technological
Promotion, Argentina.

LITER.ATURE (TTED

il (le

Bernardi, M. 1859. Description d'especes nouvelles. f

Conchvliologie, 2enie Serie, 3: 301-303.
Oastellanos, Z. [. A. 1970. Catalogo de los moluscos marinos

bonaerenses. .Aiiales de la Comision de Investigaciones

Cienti'ficas de la Provincia de Buenos .Aires 8: 9-365.
(."havaii. A. 1965. Essai de reclassification des Olividae .Ancil-

linae. Bulletin de la Societe Cleologiijuc de France 7(7):

102-109.
D;dl, W. H. 1890. Scieutifii' results ol explorations by the U.

S. Fish Conmiission .Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of

the I'nited States National Museum 12: 219-362.
Fernandez. D. 1965. Nota sohre Ancilla ttinkmilh'i Swainson

(Mollnsca (Jastropoda). Neotropica 11(36): 95-96.
Figueiras. A. and (). F. Sicardi. 1973. Catalogo de los moluscos

marinos del UnisJnav parte 8. Comunicaciones de la So-

ciedad Malac()l6t;ica'del Uniguav 3(25): 259-293.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999.

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4"' edi-

Paw 22

THE XALTIIIS, \ol. 117, No. 1

tioii. The Intoniatioiuil Trust (or Zooloiiiciil NOiiU'iKla-

ture, Londuii. .306 pp.
Kiintor, V. ;iik1 I'. Bouclict. 1999. A deep-sea Ainalda iCastri)-

potla: Olividae' in tlie Nortli-Ka.steni .\tlantic. Journal ol

CoiichologN- 36(5): 1 1-16.
Kilhiini. R. N. 1977. Deseriptions of new species of Ainiililci

ami C'hilottigma (CJastropoda: Olixidae: .\iieillinael witli a

note on the svsteniaties oi'Amtildd. Ancilliis and AiiiillisliL

.■\nnais ol tlie Natal Miisei

V21

Kilhiini, H. \. 19S1. Hevision of tlie ijenus Ancillii Lamarck.
1799 (.Vloihisca: Oihidae: Ancillinae). Annals of tlie Natal
Miisrmn 24: 3-f9-l6;5.

Kilfjurn, H. \. 1993. Notes on some South .\lncau .Vncillinai'
with descriptions of five new species of Anuildd (Mollnsca:
Gastropoda: Oli\idae). ,\mials of the Natal Museum 34:
369-389.

Kilbnrn. R. N. anil V. Honchet. 19S.S. The Hi'nus Aiitdldii in
New (ialeilonia > Mollusca. Gastropoda. ()li\itlae. .Vneilli-
nae). Bulli'tin dn Museum National d'llistoire Naturelle
Section .\, Zooloiiie. Biologic et I'"colot;ie .Vnimales H) (2):
277-3(10.

Marcus, Iv anti .Marcus, l'7 19()S. On the prosohranchs .\;i(///«
dimUliata and Mdrviiwlla fratercnltis. Proceedings of the
Malacological Societ\ of London 38: 55-69.

Rios, v.. (.'.. 1970. Coastal Brazilian Seashells.. Fundavao Gi-
dade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande. 255 jip,

Rios, K. (;. 1975. Brazilian .Marine Mollusks Iconograpiiv, Fun-
davao Universidade do Rio Grande. RioGrande. 331 ]ip

Rios. K. 1985. Seashells of Brazil I'undavao LJni\ersidade do
Rio Grande. Rio (iraude. 328 pp.

Rios. K. 1994. Seashells of Brazil. 2'"' edition. Fundavao Uni\-
ersidade do Rio (irande. I^io (irande, .368 pp.

Scarahino. \'. 1977. .Moluscos del (lollo San Matias (I'rovincia
de Rio Negro, Republica .\rgentiiia). ln\cntario \ (flaxes
para su identificacion. C^oiiiunicaciones de la Socieilad
Malacologica del Uruguav 4(31-.32): 177-285.

Smith. Iv A. 1915. Mollnsca Part l-(;astropoda Pro.sohranchia,
Scaphopoda and Pelec\poda., British Antarctic ("Terra
No\a") F\])edition, 1910. Natural Histon Report. Zoolo-
i^x, British .Museum, Loudon, pp. 61-112.

Sowirhv, C. B. I. 18.59. Monograph of the genus Aiicillciriii
Thesaunis ( 'onchv lionnii oi .Monographs ol CJenera ol
Shells \(il 3 p:Lrl I. fjinckin. pp. 57-68, pis. 211-214.

Sowfiin. G. B. Ill, 1S92. .M.niue Shells of South Africa. Lon-
doir 89 |)p.

Streliel. H. 1908. Die C^astropodeu. W'issenschallliche Frgeh-
nisse der Schwedischen Siidpolar-expedition 1901-1903
nnter .Mit\\irknng Zahlreicher Fachgenossen Herausge-
gelien von Otto Nordenskjold Leiterder E.xpeditiou. Lith-
ogniphisches lustitnt des (ieneralstahs, Stockholm, 111

PP
Swainson, \\. 182.5. .\ monograph ol the genus .A)ir/7/(/r;c/. with

description of sevend new species. QuarterK- Journal of

Science 18(.36): 272-286,

N'okes, H. E. 19.39. Mollnscan launas ol the Domengine antl
.'\rro\() Hondo Formations ol the C.];ilifornia Eocene. .An-
nals of the New York .\cadem\ of Science 38: 1-246.

X'oskuil, R. P. A. 1991. The recent species of the genus Ebiinui
Lamarck. 1801 (CJastroiioda: Oli\idae: .ATicilliiiac). \'ita
NLu-ina 41: 49-.55.

THE NAUTILUS 117(n:23-29, 2003

I'aec 23

On the piihlication date, autlioisliip, and t\pe species of
UmhracuJuni and Tijlodina (CTastropoda: (jpisthobranchia:
Tvlodinoidea): a rejoinder

Ridiard C:. Willaii

Muse t\ Art Callcn nl tlic

Nciillirni rmiliiiN
CI'O H(i\ 4(->4(-i. n.iiAMii
Xortlicni 'rirntoiA (ISdl
ArSTI^\l.lA
ilcliaid \\ illaiK? iil.i'()\..iii

Robert Burn

3 Nantes Shrct
Newtown. ( ieeldu'j
N'ietoria 322(1
AUSTRALIA

AliSIKAC.T

Fiirtlier re\iew nf the literature reveals that t\pe designations
earlier than, or tlillerent Ironi, those proposed h\ N'aldes
(2001) are available lor I inhrficuhiiti Schumacher. 1S17, and
three of its s\nion\nis ( inhiilln Lamarck, ISUJ. Casfrophix
BlainNille. 1S19. and (hiihrrlhi K(riiss,ic. 1S22, The t\pe spe-
cies ol I inhi'iiriiliiiii IS ( rhiin'iiM ,md the specific name
should lie attriliuted to Lamarck. ISdl (who called it V iithclla
cliiiicnsisK This species is a junior s\non\in ol I'tihllii ninlini-
cnluiu (Lis^htfoot. ITSfi], a name introduced in an anonvinoMS
wiirk. The neuter gender ot I'luhniciihiiii must he reflected
in the names ol attriliuted species. Rafinesi|ne's descriptions
ol his genera rijliulinii .uid Oxijnoe are reprotlnced Irom his
|iSI4 wcirk. In the interests ol nomenclatural stabilitN. it is
recommended that L'mliiaculoidea be accorded the status ol
noinrn pnitfcfniu (in laxour ot T\lodinoideal lor the mono-
plixletic higher taxon (with tlie rank of superhuniK in a Lin-
iiaean hierarch\ ) encompassjug the laimhes I'liiliraculidae
and Tslodinidae.

INTHODUCTION

Stiiiuilated li\ the rct'eiit sMitllesis In .\ngel Naldi'-s
(2001' (il iHiirienelatiir.il problems associated with the
genera L'liihniaihnn and Tijlodina. the picsent paper at-
tempts to determine (he \alid name, exact dates ofpnli-
lication. and t\pe species ol these h\(i niolinscan genera
anil tlu'ir s\Tion\ins. Close scrutinx of the literatnre re-
xeals sexeral earlier oxcrlooked tx])e designations, and
provides a diiferent inteipi'etation ol the correct name
ol the t\pe species of Viiihniiiiliiin The oi-iginal 1S14
descriptions In Hafiiiesi|ne ol Ins genera 'I'lihidtiui and
Oxijnov are reprotlnced Irom this rare xsork. .\ilansons
(17571 "Le Liii" from Senegal, the basis lA I'dtrlld pcn-
irsd (liiielin. 1791. is brielK rexiex\ed anil c()miiieiil<'d
upon.

DISCUSSION

Umbr.\ci i.iM Its Tvpi£ Spi-x.if.s .wo Nalid \ axii:

Sehnniaeher (1SI7) ineluileil onlx one species in his
nex\- genus I'inhraciihiiii. tlie "Parasol chiuois" Um-
hraniltdii rliiiu n\i\ That is. the t\pe species was clear-
K established b\ inonot\[i\. Sehtiniacher's text can be
easiK mis-read, as the genus is diagnosed on page 55
and described on pagi- 177. with the txpe species iles-
ignation on the top line ol page 178 wliere it looks
more like a inmiiiig liead rather than tlu' hrst line of
text tor that page.

The ijuestion next to <letei"niiiie is to which author
sliould the species nami' be attributed. Sehumaclier is
tlie oinious choice as author ol the species name rlii-
iiiiisc because it was he who correctK latinized ant! citeil
tlie "linhvUu cliiiicnsis" ol |tlie non-binominal] Ciliem-
nitz (17SS) as first among his leferenees. Indeed, both
Pil.sbn- (ISOfil and Sherborn (1930) attributed the spe-
cies name in the binomen Vinhriiiiilutn cliiiiciisc to
Schmnaeher (1S17). Harris (1S97) went a little further,
allocating authoiship of the species name to "Schumach-
er (ex .Martini!', that is (dienmitz (1788). Howexer. to
quote N'aldes {2001: page 30), " 'Uitil)clla Cliiiiiii\i\' of
Chemnitz (1788), was published in binominal form b\
Lamarck (1801) as I'mht'llii rliiiHii>'is" when Lamarck
published it in the s\iion\in\ ol his new species ol sup-
posed bixaKc Acfin/i' uiiihclld. | i^eshaxes (1827) effec-
tix'eK' renio\ed Acardo Irom mollnsean literature !)x"
pointing out that it was an "epipiiise de xertebres de
('etaces."] Xcmadaxs. names first published in sxnonxmx'
are II, it axailable (ICZ\ 1999. Article 11.6). If. lioxveven
a jnnicii- smioux in introduced into the literature has been
treated as an a\ailable naiiie before 19(S1 and aikipted
as the name ol a titxon. it is maile axailable with author
and tlate from its first introduetion as a sxiionxin (ICZ\
.\rticles 1 1 .fS. 1 and 50.7'. hi this instance. I'luhi-Ua was
not adopted as the name nl a taxon except b\ Delle

Paiie 24

TIIK NAUTILUS, Vol. 117. No. 1

Chiaje (1831). d'Orliijiiiy (1841. 1S42) and Crax' (1847),
In wliicli time Unihraritlum. I'mhrclhi. C,<istroplax and
Oinhrcllii wi'ie its senior ,s\non\nis. Tlic species name
chiiu'iisis was adopted In Sehumaelier (18171, i'ilsKn
(1896) and Harris ( 1897) as a \ali(l name, the autlioisliip
and tlate ol wliieli tlierelore slionld he i.amarek i 1801).
In eonclnsion. Uinhracitliiin cliiiuiisr (Lamarck, 1801 » is
the t\pe speei(>s oi Vmbrandiim h\ monolvpN.

N'aldes and Lozouet (2()()0) listed I'ali'lla iinihriinthint
l.isihttoot. 178(1, as t\pe sjieeies ol I'mhnicuhun h\ "ah-
solnte tanlonomx". Hul. as llie species name iiiiihriicii-
llDii is not identical in spellinfi witli an\ ol tlie lixc spe-
cies cited l)\ Schnmacher ( 1817) in the s\non\ni\ of his
new gemis, i.e,, I'lnhflhi (Itiiicusis. Acanlo iinihrlla.
Acardo orhicnlmis. rardsul cliiiiois". I'atclla iinihcllfild.
t\pe designation li\ ahsolnle lanloiuimv cannot he cor-
rect, CurioiisK, liecanse P. iiinhnicidiim is the t\])e spe-
cies h\' its siMiioritv at the head ol the list ol s\non\nis,
it has become hpe species l)\ what max he leinied snh-
se(juent tunton<jm\'. a designation not covered li\ the \i-
ticies ol the International (-'otle of Zoological Xonieii-
clature. L:)all (1889) listed "iiinhirll/i" Cmelin, 1791, pos-
sibly a mistake lor miihcllalii (imelin, 1791, as t\pe spe-
cies ol the genns. hnt no sncli species appears in
Schnmacher's (18171 work, thns invalidating this selec-
tion. Cmelin (1791) described species o\ Pal did that he
named sinica (pagi' .'3705) and iiiiihcllata (page 3720). Of
these two, Schumacher included reference onl\ to the
latter. l)illw\n (1817) |as l''iist Hexisers of these two
works puhlisheil in the same \car, we give jirecetlence
to Schumacher] prelerred Palcllii iiinhcllata (Jmelin,
1791, as the name loi' this specii's, listing /' siiiicti as
next in seniority, l'ilsl)l^ i 189fi) reversed the ordei', ac-
cepting the page prioritv of/' \liilcii. Dillwvu ( IS17> in-
clud(>d Pfili'lld iiinhmndum |Lighttoot, 178H| iscjnare
brackets signiK anonvmitv' in his published s\nonvin\.
but theicaiter this sjiecies name was overlooked imtil
the mid-20tli centmy (Taki. 1954; Rehder, 1967). I'ils-
br\'s ( 1896) selection ol P. siiiica as tvpe species oi I'ln-
hrficiduiii is also invalid t\ald('s, 200L.

I'MHH.Ul I.IDM: AM) I'MIUtM I I.IM: Till: SvxoWMS

when I), ill I 1889) pointed out ihr prioritv ol I nihni-
cidmii Schumacher. \S\7. l>\^^]■ I iiiliicllu l.am.uck. 1819,
he also introduced the laiiiiK name I'mbiacnlidae.
which todav is in constant and consistent use bv mala-
cologists worldwide. Pilsbrv (1896) was the first snbse-
<inent author to accejit and use both I'luhraciiliiiii and
Umbracniidae The earliest laniilv name a]ipears to be
the \eniai-ular ' Les Ombrelles' of Leriissac ( 1822), the
lormal latinizatiou of which has never taken place. The
first properlv latinized lamilv name was Umbrellidae bv
(;ray il827). Operculatinae was established bv II. and
.A. .Adams (1854i. Dantzeuberg and Bonge (1933) seem
to have been the last authors to use Umbrellidae, though
a,s late as 1951, Barnard still called the genus i'liihirlla
Odhm-r ( 19.39) created the snbordinal rank Umbra-
cnlacea to include the two families Umbracniidae Dall.

1889, and Tvloilinidae Gray, 1847, Names of higiier rank
than snperlamiK are not gcnerned bv the Code of Zoo-
logical Nomenclature (ICZN 1999):' therefore the cor-
rect authorship at snbortlinal rank is I'mbraculacea
Odhner 1939. Ordinal rank has been accorded the
gronji bv Niinichev and Starobogaten- (1978) and bv Ha-
matani (2000i with the names Umbraciilida and Umbra-
c-nlomorpha, respectiveh. When this higher rank name
is ranked as a snperlamilv (i.e, Umbraculoidea), it is sub-
ject to the Principles of Co-ordination " (ICZN 1999,
Article .36.1); though lirst assigned this rank bv Morton
( 19.58), its authorship is attributed to Dall ( 1889), Abbott
(1974), with an eve to prioritv of the included families,
.ilteretl the snperlamilv name to Tvlodinacea. Naught
(1980) lollowed suit, but iuilicated Umbracniacea a,s an
iilteniative. More recentiv, this name, now emended
with the snllix -oidea, to fvlodinoidcii, has been utilized
(as a snperlamilv in ranked Linnae;in classifications on
three occasions, and ;is nuranki'tl in si\ phvlogenetic
classilicationsi bv W'illan (1998) ami others (Tsubokawa
and ,\Iiv;iz;iki, 1993: Hudnuin, 1998-2002; Higo et al.,
1999; \\agele and W'illan, 2000, where the name was
iiuidverteiitlv misspelled Tvlodinidoidea on page 91;
Schrodl et al., 2001; \aldes,' 2001: W'iigele and Johnsen,
2001: W'ollscheid-Lcngeling et al„ 2001), The cle;ir ma-
joritv ol iiiithors, however, have not lollowed .Abbott's
alteration, and have continued to use Umbrainloidea in
one higher nuiking lorm or another li.e.. Hos, 1975;
Thompson. 1976: Marcus, 1977, 1983, 1984, 1985; Cer-
nohorskv, 1978: Kav, 1979; P.mell, 1979: Bertsch, 1980;
Piani, 1980; N'aiight, 1980, 1989; Eisenberg, 1981: Kil-
bmn and Hippev, 1982; W'ilkm. 1981. 1983^ 1984, 1987;
Cattan.o ;iiid Barletta, 1984; llealv and W'illan, 1984;
Schmekel, 1985: C;ittaneo-\'ietti, 1986; Hoisu'ter, 1986;
Burn, 1989; Smriglio et al„ 1990: .Sabelli et ;il., 1990;
Poppe and Cotto. 1991; Cihristiaens, 1991: N'illani, 1991;
Hosenberg, 1991; Tsubok;ivv;i ;iiid Miv;izaki 1993: Rios
1994; Bosch et ;il,, 1995; .Mikkelsen, 1998; Wirtz, 1998,
1999; N'aldes and Lozouet, 2000), So, in the interests of
nonienclatural st;ibilitv, it is ;idvocated tliat L'mbraculo-
idea be maintained ;is ;i iniiiicii protrctiiin (ICiZX, 1999,
Article 23.9.2).

.\s e;nlv ;is julv 182.5 (( 'hildren, 182.'5a;bnt no iiuthor's
iKune ;ippe;ns on the ;ictu;il work), ;uid again later that
s;mie ve;n- (Children, 182.'5b), (Children wrote: "Uinhrclla
Tvpe ['mhrclhi iiidica [Patella iiinhcllata. Gniel,) Indian
umbrelhi. commonlv c;illed the Chini'se parasol." This
tv])e desigiuition is v;ilid. ;ind must st;iud (Kenn;utl et al.
19'31 '. (Children also directed iittention to the svnonvmv
ol Lanuirck's iiidica with the earlier Patella umhellata
Cmelin, 1791. Pilsbiy ( 1896) hiter selected die page pri-
oi' P. sinica Cmelin, 1791 as the better name to use lor
(his species. Page \\i\ of Ferussac ( 1821-1822) ;ippeared
as p:n-t of livniison 15, puhlisheil on 13 April 1822 (Ken-
u;n<l. 1942). Oinhrclla Ferussac therefore dates to 1822;
its tvpe spe(i(^s. Oinhrclla indica (L;uuarck, 1819), was
subse(|uenllv desiguiited In O'Donoghiie (1929), Thus,
the tvpe desiifiKitioiis In N'aldes (2001 ' lor I'inhrclla and
Oinhrclla ;ire bo(h mniecess;n"v.

R. C. Wil

K. Bum. 2()():5

Vim- 25

O'DoiK il;Iiii(' .icicptcil Ojurculiiliiin as a Licniis iiaiiu'
introdiiiid li\ II and \. Adams ilS54' and dcsi'j;nali-d
as t\p(' line ol the mtlndcd spccii's, O iiirililii'niiiciiiii
(Laiiiaic-k. ISI91. iiowcxci', it was Moicli ilSo2' wIhi
\alidl\ iiitri)(lni-cd tliis ^cnus iianif, at wincli time iiinl-
itcmiiicinii was nut anion'j, tlic oriiiinal nulndcd spiTics.
\'al(k''s i2()()J ) icctilicd this situation 1>\ sclcftin<j; I'lii-
hiilld iiiilicd Lamarck (ISi9i, (inc ol the species listed,
allieit as a s\non\ni. in Morchs paper. Ojxi'ciiliihiiii lilc-
n\ a liinonien oii<j;iiiall\ used In Linnaeus il7o.)! in a
iKiii liinomiiKil pri'-Linnaean wciik. was. like I iiilicllii
chiiitiisis. latini/cd and introduced in the s\iion\ni\ ol
Fdtclla ■iiiiicd Cmehn (I79L In de l{oiss\ (LS()41. and
as^aiu in the s\non\ni\ ol PdtiUil ninhtlldld (^melin
(1791 ' li\ DiJlwAU I 1SI7!, k'ortnnateK. the '_;emis name
was not adopted as a \alid la\on except l)\ Miircli (1S52.
lS7oi and 11. and A. Adams ( IS34'. when it was alreacK
the junioi" s\uon\m ol ( mhniiiihnn. I inlirrlld. Cdslid-
pidx. and (huhrclld Thi' specihc name ld(i( h.is nexer
lieen ailopted except h\ .Mcircli (1S52I.

Blainxille ( IS 19) included onk' tlie nondiii linal spe-
cies "FdtelJd o)nl)ni(uld Clidiniilz' in his new ij;enus
Gdstroplax: in l'S2() he Latini/ed the name as ruhlld
uinhnmild. Clieniuitz tl7iSS) actnalK called Ins speties
"Der ciiinesische Souueiischirm , and his Latin descrip-
tion read "Vmlxlld fhiiicnsis. fi-std iiiti'iird. siihniluiitld.
tlidjilidiid. dihuld- ilcjiicssd. pltiitiiisnild rcrticc lutcii.
cdiildlc liiici.s nulidld. jim isfciilc indrninc drutissiiiio"
Nowheri' tloes "oinhrdciild' oi' unihrdciild appear. Whilst
Blainxille's generic description is valid iK.'ZN 1999. .-Kr-
ticle 12.2.7'. inclusion ol a non-existent species name
Irom a non-l)inominal wciik does not constitute ilesig-
iiation ol a t\pe specii's In inonot\p\. contran to the
statement ol N'aldes (2001). L'nii'ss. ol course. Gdstm-
plax and "Patvlhl lunhrncidd could lie considered as a
comhined description ol a new noinin.il genus and sni'^le
new nominal species (ICT/.X 1999. Article 12, 2. H), in
which case Blainxille \ 1S19) woukl he the autiiorot hoth
names, llowexcr. Blainxille himselt did not consider this
to lie the ease, because in I S20 he named the spec'ies
upon which he liased his genus. Gdsii(>pld\ luhcn-iild-
su\. whei'enpon it lie(.ame txpe specii's 1 1\ sulise(|uent
monotxpv ( ICr/X 1999. Article WJ.oV

.\t the samt' time. Blainville (1S21)' iutroduci-d in
s\non\ni\ the hinomeii I'dh lid unihrdculd. attrilinting
it to ( .'liemnit/, I'dtclld uiiihi'dculu is liiidi a primaiA
homonxm ,md juiuor s\iion\ni ol I'l/lclld iinihniciild
I K(">ding. 179iS), and is ol no huther concern, ('nri-
ousK i{(')(hng's (179S) authorsliip ol the species name
iinihrdcuhiiii has heen unnecessariK ic\i\ed li\ .Sahelli
et al. (1990).

The' earhest availalile n.uue hn' the l\pe speiies ol
Vinhrdrnliiin is I':ihlld iinilinnuhiin [Lightloot, 17S(i[.
introduced m an anon\ mons work, and it is '.^eneralK
accepted thai all species names projiosed lor the Par-
asol chinois are s\non\ins i Hehder I9(')7i. Lightloot
{ 17S6) correctK comhined I'dtclld. leminine in '^endei'.
with iiiiihrdciiluiii. iieulei", as a noun in apposition lie
ilid not wiite rdtclld ii inhrnnild as used In \ aides

2001 I. llion'4li this spelling w.is utilized iii llie eaiU
da\s li\ Boding ( I 79S ' and Blaiinille i IS20i. The ge-
nus name I'liihrdculiiin too is neuter in fender, hence
its included specii's should all agree il the species
names are adjectixal in origin, rlie receulK described
lossil species ( '. sdiicliiidnliiisis X.ildi's and Lo/ouet,
2000. and the lossil specii's with wliicli it is com|iared
ill that work. (' ldii(liiiifii'^is (MelKnille. 1S43). lor ex-
ample, iiinsi be coirecled to sdiKiijidiilcii'ic and Idu-
ihiiiiiisi' respectix cK.

iiiiiu I I9.~)9i suggested that tliei'e is onl\ one ixeceiit.
worklwiile. pan-tropical/warm temperate species in the
gt'iius I'mhrdcuhiin. but tliis Inpothesis has \el to be
tested. I'here are tx\(4\(' 1-ieceiil nominal s])ecies ol ['/;j-
bninihun. .Marcus and .Marcus i 19(i7i and VLunis
(19S5I retained the name ( ', plimtnluni i\on Martens.
ISSL lor warm-water western .Atlantic speciiiiens, and
Thompson il970' I iiuditcrrmuinn i Lamarik. LS19)
l<ir those Irom the Mediterranean Sea. From the OJi-
goceiie beds ol northern Ciermaux. there has been de-
scribed a somewhat doiibtliil lossil species I'liihrclldr'
plicdliild \on Koeneii. 1S92. wliit'h. il correctK assigned,
would be a priman liomoinm ol \(in Martens' species.
I pnlcliniiii Lin. 19SI. tiom liam.in Island, soiitlieiii
( ihina. with no characters to separate it. is the most re-
cent sxiioiiMii ol (.'. iiiiihrdciilliiii.

In smimian. the s\iiou\ni\ ol ( iiihi'dculiiiii now
reails:

Vmhriicnluin Scliiiiiiaclier. 1817: 177-179. Tvpe species: Vin-
hravuluin ( hiiifii.sc (Laiiuirik. ISO] > [— I'mhrdciiliim iiiii-
hnicnfum (Lightloot. l7S(i)J. 1)\ iiioiiot\p\,

+ I'liibrclld Lamarck. 1S19: 339-343. T\pe species: Vinhnlhi
iiiilini Lamarck. 1819 [= I'liihriiciihiiii iiiiilinuiiliiin
( Lii;;htloot. 1786)]. siilisei|uent (lesignation li\ ( liiklrcii
(182.3a).

+ Gastrnpliix Blaiinille. 1819: 182. 'I\pe species: (.Uislntphix
tiilii rcitlnMi.s Blaiinille. 1820 1= I iiilirmiiliim mithrani-
luin I Lii;lill(iiil. 17S(iil. siiIisimjikiiI iiieiiiilxpx li\ Hiaiiixillc
(18201.

+ Oinhri'lhi I'l'mssac. 1822: xxix. 4\pe spei-ies: Omlinllii iiiilicii
I Lamarck, 1819) [= Vmhracuhun iimhr/iciiliim (Liglitlnot.
17861]. siil)sei|uent (lesit;nati<iii In (yUonogliiie (1929i.

+ Uinhrlla DvWc i:\ndji'. I822-IS31 f 1831]: 2()().2()9,213, T\pe
species; I'mhclhi iiwditcn/iiuii (Lamarck. I8U) In nion-
ot\p\ |e\ N'aldes. 2001] ]= I'lnhrantluin uiiihi iiiuluui
(Ligiitliiel. I78(i)l.

+ Ojifri'iiliiliiiii Miircli, I8,'i2: 1.37, 4\pe s|)eci<'s: I'liihrcllti
indicii Lam, ink, 1 8 L) |= I'liihidciiluiti innhriiciiluiii
( Li'.ilitl(i(il, I7801J, siilisi'(|ii(iil ilesiiiiiatiiiii In Xaldes
(20(111,

Tyioivw \\i) ()\)X(i;:

rlioiigh niiabli' to t'onsiill :i complete cojnol l!afiiies(|ue
ilSlL, Xakk's i200L claimed, ijiiiti' correctK that "D/-
hnlitid was origin. ilK ,ind \alidK introduced In Bafin-
es(|ue in ISl 1," The title ol ■■\niii, \H " ol llalinescjue
( 1SI4I |we have had access to the eop\ in the librai"\ ol
the .Ac.idemx ol Natural Sciences ol Piiiladeljiliia]. in-
cludes the dale I nicembie I S 14." OnK pasres HSland

Fasie 26

TIIK Wl'TILUS. \ol. 117. \(). 1

l(i2 of that work deal with Mollnsca, imiiKhiiy; (lcstri|v
tioiis {)i five new (jcucra. Tlircc ot tliciii, l^l(j)h(iliui>t.
Opiptcm and Dulddiis. Iia\c disappeared lioiii iikiIIiis-
ean hteraliire. iiiit two others, Ti/lodinii and Oxi/nof. are
in e\('n(la\ use. The work is so scaree, onK a lew cojiies
not l)einti lost with llie rest ol l\alini'si|ue's possessions
in a series ol shipwrecks, and the wordlni; so siii;nificant,
we leel it is essential In ic[ieat xerliatini the orliiinal de-
scriptions ol these two ijenera here. The oii<j;inal de-
scriptions, in Italian, read: lpa<i;e lfi2|

l\'. (.',. ( ).\V\( )l',, (.'nipd icpeiite, con una uraiidc cihi
cliiiilia (lorsalc estcrna, linlliloruie. sjiira sciiiplice. \eiitrc
stretto colic hrancliic intorno e striate, niantclle allar^ato
in sjnc ale. clue tcntacoli spori^culi c Hssi, Dillcriscc dal
R- .S'(<;«;v7i/s pel' la sua couchi'^lia estcrna. tcntacoli spor-
i;cuti + c. I sp, () nliKiccii.

\' (', T'l'l ,()l)l \.'\. (,'or])() rcpcnic (nii iiii:i piccolii
c()U(.lu<j;lia estcrna soju'a il (liiiscj. uiciiiliiaiinsa. scnli
spira. ()\ale, c colhi jmnta cailosa. (juatlio tcntacoli i
iluc posteriori alliiutauati c piu i^randi luaiiclnc sctlo
la cduchmlia a! sun lato dcstra. auo al ialo dcstr.i del
colln. Dillcrischc dal ij. Limax. pen lie lia una cnn-
clii<;lia estcuaia c dal g, //i7/.v pcrclic umi ha spira. I
sp. 7 piniiiiilcid

These desciijitions were reprodneed. in French, In
Ilafines(|ne llSH)i. whose paper is better known liiuii
its inclusion in the Biinie\ and TiAon (1864) reprint ol
Hafines(jne's eoneholopeal writings. The I'reneh de-
scriptions are an e.xact translation ol this cailier ilS14i
Italian text, extended onl\ l)\ hriel notes on each species,
and reduced h\' shorteninti; the (.onijiarison lor Oxijiiov,
and li\ renioxiu'j; the eompaiisous with I .Uiiiix antl Hrlix
altogether hoiu Ttjlodiiui.

The description ol Tl/loilina is icniarkaliK c\tensi\e,
antl accompanied, howcscr iniproliahle it uia\ seem to
]iresent-da\ opistholiraneh workers. Ii\ a generic com-
parison. .\ single species. I' pniirliiliilii. is denoiuiualed
though not descrilied. This eomhined description meets
the reqninunents ol thi' present international ('ode ol
Zoological \omeuclatnre (IC/N Hnn). \rticle 12.2.61.
I)\ whieii liiilh genns and species are lo he allnlinted to
iialiiu'Sijiie, ISl I. iijUnliiui pii mi ii/iiln l\alines(pu'.
i'S14, is thus the t\pe specaes l)\ mouol\p\ ol Tiilixlin//
Hafinescjne, IS14. The ianiiK name 'iModinidae was
|-)nhlished 1)\ (^lav i IS47). who wrote it 'IXlodinana. The
earl\' iiistorx ol this name. iTielnding its hriel jilacement
in the P\ramidellidae 1)\ ( ua\ i 1S53I, is summarised li\
Bert.seh'dUSO),

.•\n cxaetK similar situation occurs witli Oxi/ikh'. with
original eomhined des( ri|)tiou ol a new nominal genus
and siiigk' new nominal sjiecaes. Thus () uliidfiii l\al-
inescjue, 1S14. is the t\pe species li\ monot\p\ ol Oxij-
noc Hafines(|ni'. 1814. The earliest use ol a lamiK name
l)a,se(l upon this genns apjiears to lie Ownoeidae Stoli-
c/.ka. 1868. eorreetK' written these da\s as ()x\noid,ie.

F'isclier-I'ietle i 1943i examined and (ignred the actnai
sjiecimen upon which .\danson (l7o7> !)ased his "l,e
l.iri" Irom Senegal, and which Omeliu 11791) loiiiialK
named I'dlclUl jU'ircrsii. l'"isehei-l'iettc (1943) liaus-

lerred /' poxcrso to Tijlodiiui. declaring it the senior
s\non\in ol T. ritrina [oannis, 1853, the name then in
use lor this Mediterranean species. Sinic that date (i.e..
1943). tlu' name Ttjlodina pcncrsa has heen used excki-
si\('l\. In his description ol the animal ol "Le Liri".
.\daiis()n (1757) was inipressi'd In the fact that the hodv
projected fon\ard from the end ol the shell Inrther from
the apex, wheri'as in the palellilonii species deserihed
in great detail on the preceding pages, the heatl was at
the end closer to the apex, lie commented upon this
relationship hehveen shell apex and head ol animal as
"mais dans nn sens contraire. Iliis undonhtedK explains
(imeliu's choice ol penrrsd | Latin: turned wrong wa\'
round] lor the name ol this S|)ecies.

A(:K\()\\iJ':n(;.\iKN r.s

,\ugel X'aides's |),ipcr i2()(ll ' provoketl one ol ns \\\\^ to
<(immit to paper iiomcnclaluia! iulormation gathered
slowK o\ei' more than loi"l\ \eai's ol amateur opistho-
liraneh enthusiasm. Malacologists. museums and librar-
ies in .Xnstralia. Europe and \ortli America gracionsK'
provided access to their resonrccs or copies ol pertinent
works. The .\cadem\ ol \atuial .Sciences ol Philadelphia
sereiulipitousK icxealcd lo us the elusi\'e 12''' part of
Kafines( [lie's Spcicliii) i ISl \\ To e.ich and all. we give
giatelnl thanks.

i.ni'.HvriTU^ ciTKn

\lil>i)tt. H, 'I", U)7t. ,\iiicrican Se.isliells. 2"' edition. \'an \os-
ti.iiid Kciuliold, I'rincctDU, New Jcrscv, 663 pj),, 21 pis.

\(l,iiiis II and ,\. .\dains. IS5I. The Genera ot IV'cent Mol-
lnsca P.iil 2. I.oiiclciii pp l.")-7S.

.Vdansoii. \1. I7.")7. Ilislcnre ii.itiircllc cin Sc'^nc'-gal. ( 'ocjuillages,
.A\c'c la relation ahrc'gc'c cl'iiii \ci\a<gc lait en cc pa\s. pen-
dant lea annc-c's 1749. 50. ."jl. 52 ^- 53. Maiiclic-. Paris, 8
+ 190 -I- 9fi 4- 275 pp,. 19 pis,

Hcrlscli. II, I9S0. A new species c)IT\lcKliniclac [Mcillnsca: Op-
islliciliraiicliia' Ircini the northeastern Pacific. Sarsia (i5:
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Hiiine\. W. (;. and (. W lixciii |r IS(i-l. I'lie C plc'tc- Writ-
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UI.iiiimIIcv 11 \I n ck-. 1SI9. Snrlapatc'llc'allongccck-Cheni-
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Ulainvillc', II. M. U. cle. 1 S20. (iastroplacc. C.iislropliix Dic-
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Uciscli. n, T. Dance. S 1'. Mocileiihcck. K. C. and P. C. Oliver
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PP
Kiiiii H 1959. ( oiiiiiieiits cm the Aiistr.ili.iii iimhracnlaccan

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R. C. Willaii and H. Burn. 20():5

Pasle 2';

Molliisi III ( )|iislliiilii.iiirlii MMiili ml Mcdilfi laiu'ii iS.i-

(■(I'^ldss.i I'lriiriilir.iiuliiii "|ili.L- \<i ii'liluliaccM. \|)l\ siciiii-

iirpliM \ii(lilii.iii(lii,i' li(illrliiii) \hilai(ilci'j,i((i. Mil. uj 211
li)5 2 IS,

C,'atlaii<(}-\ ii-lli H I9S() ()ii rlriiioluaiH Im iplia hniii Ital-
ian Seas, rlic \.-lnj;rr 2Sl3l: 3()2-:ilH).

(!i'nioli()rsk\, W ( ) I9TS. Marine sliclk ol (lie I'acilic \nliiiiir
2 ra<ili( I'lililiialiciiis S\(liU'\. 41 1 |)p

C^lu'iiinit/, I- C i, 1 7SS \riics s\striiialisilns c iiiic li\ liiii-raliiiKi
lorti^CSi'krt 1111(1 imii liiillriicirt \iiluiiir HI liiuliliaii-
(llnn<j;. Xiinilici'j; pp i7(-i pp + pis l.iT I To

(liildri'ii. |, (;, I S2oa l.aiiiarcks i;ciicTa iil shells. Iiaiislaleil
Iniiii tlie Kreiieli. UiiaitiTK Journal ol Scieiiee. Literature,
auti The Arts 1.1: 2I(S-2.5S. |.See Ki-niiard et al,. UWl lor
(late of puhlii-atioH au<l details.] (JuK I.

(diildi'en, |, Ci, IS2.31), l.aiuaix'k's ijenera ol slnlls. Ii.inslated
Iroiii the ["iciieli, I'nvateK piililished London 177 pp.. .S
pis. 1 post |iil\ '

Chrisli.ieiis. |. 1W!)I Xonieiiekilni i.il list of .ill tin- patelliloi in
genera ansed |siej Iroin the 'j;euiis /V/Zc//*; l.innaens \lr>S.
Clon.i Mans :)(ll,5-(ii: fSy-1 t.'i

D.ill W II ISSO. Keport on die Molhisia, pi 2 ( ;.istiopod.i
and S( .iphopotia. In: Reports on the results ol dicd^iii^
under the snpenision ol .\lexander ,\t;a,s.si/. in the (aill ol
\le\ieo I1S77-LS7M and in the ('arililiean Se.i . I S7!)
ISSII'. Ii\ the L'.S. eoast sni'XeN sle.iiuei 111. ike Lieiil -
( ^oiniii.inder ( !. I). Si<_;sl)ee I'.S \ , .ind ( 'oiinn.inili'i' |.
K. Hartlett. L.S.X., eoiiiiiiaiidiu'^. Bnlletni ol the Mnsenni
olConiparatlxe ZoologA IS; l-4V)2. pis. 1(1-4(1

Daiit/eiilierti;. P. and |, L. Boii;j;e. D.'i.). Les iiiollus(|iies tes-
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|ouriial de ( 'oneh\lioloii;ie 77i I i: 4l-(il.

Delle ("hiaje. S. 1 830- 1 8.3 L Meiliorie siilhi storia e notoini.i
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De.shaws. C I'. 1S27. Oinluclle. I iiihnHa In: He\ et CiaMei
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I9.5-U)8

DilKwii 1. \\ 1SI7 A desenptne (.-.italonne ol Heceiit shells,
,iii,iirj,ed aetcirdin;^ to the Liiin.ieaii method: with |i,iitii'-
iikir alleiition to the s\ iiou\ iii\. N'oliiine 2. |ohn and \rthni
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I ) ( •iiii'4u\. A I) 1S41 Mollnsi|iies. N'oluiiie 1. In: Sa;.;ra, H.
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I'jsenlMi^ |, M, |!)8L A eolleetors nuide to se;ishells ol the
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Kcriiss.u., A Iv |. de. 1821-1822, Talileail\ s\sli'ni.itii|ues des
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terrestres oil llii\ i.ililes, \ i\anls on lossiles, iieilr.ind. P.uis.
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l*"ne\X'lopedi;i ineliDpoht.iii.i. or uiii\crs,il dietioiiaiA ol
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2(52. i-\ii (189(5)1

Poppe, (;. T. and ^', Colo 1991. Europi-an seashells xolunie 1
(Pol\placo|)lior.i. ( iaudoloveata. Soleuoijastra, (Gastro-
poda' (:hrisla Ilenunen. W'ieshaden. :552 pp.

Powell. A, W IV 1979. New Zealand Mollusea uiariue. kind
and lrrsli«:iti'r shells. Collins, ,\uckland. 30(1 pp

Hafinesque. (;. S. 1814. Speecliio ck'lle Scien/,e o (iioruale
Knciciopedico di Sicilia. deposito letterario cli'lle uio-
(h-rne ( :o<;ui/ioui. Seopcnle eil ()sser\a/,ioni siipi;i Ic

Seien/,e ed .\rti vohnni' 2, Hahnes(|Ue. Palermo.

19(5 pp.

Hahnesiiue. C, S, 1819. Descriptions de ou/.e ijenres non\ean\
de niollusi|nes. |)nl)lies en 1814. |ournal de Pli\sii|ue, de
Chiniie. dliisloire Natnrelle et (k's Arts 89: i,")(l 1,^:5

Kehder II. A. 19(57. \'alid /,oolo<iical names ol llie Portkmd
C;atalo<Iue. Proceedings ol the United SI,it<'S \.ili(iu:il Mii
senni 121 (No. :5.579)': 1-50,

Hios. K, de C. 1994, Seashells of Bra/if 2"' edilion, f'lmd.iv.io
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Hiidinj^, P. I-. I 1 98. Museum Bolteniannni. si\e ealaloij;ns ci-
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Bosenberg, C. 1992. The l'.nc\clopedia ol Seashells. Fi\t' Mile
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Budm:ni, W.B. 1998-2002. Sea sliiu forum. Australian Muse-
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Schmekel. L. 198.5. .Vspeets ol e\()lution within the opistho-
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THE NAUTILUS 1

:29. 2003

Pa-'e 29

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( )( iMiHi'j;rapliu Institute 94: l-."JO.
Will, 111. H C. l!)S,i \i'\\ Zealand si(lf-<;illcil sea sln^s ( jpis-

thohrancliia; Ndtaspidca: Plcuroliranchidac*' \lal,iiiil(i^ia

23: 221-270,
Willan. H. C, l()S4, A u-\ic\\ ol diets in tlie \otas|ii(lea (Nhil-

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ciet\' ol Australia 6: 125-142.
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lOpistholinineliia' with reappraisal ol taniilies and genera.

.■\uieriean Malaioloijieal Bulletin 5: 215-241.
Willan. R. ( :. IVWS, Order Xotaspidea. In: Bee.slev, P. L., C. |.

H Hoss and \ K Wells .-ds Mollusea: The Southern
S\ntlu'sis. I'",iinia nl \iislialia. \olunie 5. C'SIKO Puhlish-
ing. Melbourne. Vustnilia. pp. 977-9S().

W'irtz. P. 199S. Ojiistholiraneh niolliises Irorn tlie .\/nri's, N'ita
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Wirt/., P, 1999, ()])istliol)raneh niolluses troin the .\l.ideir.i Ar-
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W'ollseheid-Leunelint;. E., |. Boore. W'. Broun and 11. Wa<;ele,
211(11. The jilivloiienx ol the Nudihranchia iOpistholiran-
ehi.i. (iiislKipoda. Mollns(:i reeonstnicted b\ three nio-
leenhu' niiukers. ( )rt;auisni.s, DiNcrsitA and Exolution 1:
24 1 -2."S(S,

Book Re\1e\v

Invei-febratc Zoo/o^jy; The Mideasterti
Invertebrate launa. Part II: The
Coelomates.

Soliiiifin, G \ 201)1. ln\ertelii'.ite '/(ii)losj\: The Mid-
eastern In\ertel)nite Fauna. I'.irl 11: Tlie Coelomates.
The Palm Pres.s, (^airo, Ein.pt, .52(1 pp.. S color plates.

This is the seeond \(ilimie ol Di'. ( iamil Soliman s
work on the iiiNcrtehrate fauna of the Midille East, in-
cluding Egspt, This \olnme ccners 17 pli\la with niajoi-
sections (le\()tecl to the Mollusea anil the .\rthr()po(la.
\'olunie 2 dinotes 140 pages in 4 chapters to the rnol-
lusks and 17(S pages in 4 chapters to the .Arthropoda. the
two largest pli\la ol animals. The examples and illus-
trated animals are tlrawn for those natixe to the Miildle
East, The ta\onom\' used in this xolunie is a SMithesis
of all information a\ailahle. Each phxium is introduced
in a short description, followed li\ .i sunnnan nl the
higher classification within the plixluui. anatonu. icspi-
ration, nenons svstem, reproduction, .i snnunan. ke\
terms, ending with a discussion ol the pli\logen\ ol the
plnlnm. The sections \ar\ in length due to the amount
of knowledge axailahle on each phxium or class. The text
also includes lioxes, expandinL!; on topics of special in-
terest. e,g,. txpes of ij;astropod raduku'. gastropod egg
masses, pearl loiniation. hixaKe hinge txpes. groxxth and
molting in arthropods, and comparison of Protostomi.i
and Deuterostomia, The excellent text figures are com-
plimented h\ eight plates of c'olor photographs ol rcp-
resentatixe animals of the phxki covered in this xolunie.

Dr Soliman xxoiked on these tx\o volumes at the
.Academx' of Natural Sciences ol Philadelphia part ol
each xear since 19S4, During his xcarix xisits, he xxorki-d
completing his research and w litiu',:; the text of these txxo
xdlumes as xxell as drafting the- numerous (>xcellent il-

lustrations. It was nix- great pk'asure and inspiration to
w.itcli as (he iiiiiiieKiiis figures took shape, to see the
te.xt filled out and the two xolumes come together I had
the pleasure of reading drafts of most of the chapters. I
am pleased to see the finished xolnme. Tills xxork is not
just xour axerage unixersitx lexel inxertehrate zoologx'
textbook, Soliman's xolnme represents a summation of
his life xxork He is a malaeologist bx' training, as xx'ell as
an accomplished artist. This can be seen in the expanded
treatment of the .Mollusea in this seeond xolume. The
attention to ck'tail and anatomx clearlx' shows his loxe of
this group. He has chosen as the representatixe for the
i^ixalxia. Spathopsis nibcits (Unionoida: Iridinidae), to
be discussed in detail. This is the most comprehensixe
published treatment of the anatomx ot a species of the
lamilx' Iridinidae ol .Africa, He similarlx' uses .S'c/)/V/ .sy/-
r/g/it// as the representatixe of the Cephalopoda to illus-
trate the iiiialomx and reproduction ol this class ol .Mol-
lusea.

This textbook xxill be a great aid to the teaching of
inxertehrate zoologx' and also xxill also sene as a major
resource x'olnme. I espeeiallx like, in addition to the
oxe-niexx ol the classification ,iiid detailed anatomx', the
sumnian section in numbered bullet format and the list-
ing of kex terms, Tlii'se sections ari' important for anx'
student of inxertehrates, Tiie section on phxlogenx pulls
together the latest moiphological and genetic data on
the relationships xxithin and iietxxcen phxla, I xxould r<'c-
omniend that this xolnrne along xxith its companion xol-
nme should be on the bookshelxes of all inxertehrate
biologists,

.Arthur E. Bojjan

North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences
Researeli LaboratoiA, 4.301 Reedx Creek Road
Rak'igh, NC 27fi()7US.A
artliur.bot;an(" iR-mail.net

THE N'AUTl LL S 1 1 T( I ):.3(). 2003 l'a<j;c 30

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Tlie C'liratorsiiiii. cstalilisiu'd oriiiiiialK in accdrd.iiicc willi tlic wislifs ol tlic l.itc Dr. H. riickcr Ahhotl, loiiniliiiii
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Interested nialacoloii;ists are in\ ited to send a cop\ ol tlieii' cnrricniiiiii \ itae toLi;cthcr with a Idler detailiiiij; their areas
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THE NAUTILUS

Volume 117, Number 2
June 30, 2003
ISSM 0028-1344

A quarterly devoted
to malacology.

War:no Biological Laboratory.'

Woods Ho:e Ocoanographic Insiiiuiion

Libr-tv

JUL 0 7 2003

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Dr. Jose H. Leal

The Bailey-Matthews Slieli Museum
3075 Sanibel-Captiva Road
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MANAGING EDITOR

Christina Petrikas

The Baiiev-Matthcws Shell Museum
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Sanibel.FL 33957

EDITOR EMERITUS

Dr. M. C. Harasem'ch

l^epartment ot Invertelirate Zoolog)'

National Museiun ot

Natural HistoiT
Smithsonian Institution
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CONSULTING EDITORS

Dr Riidiger Bieler
Department of Invertebrates
Field Museum of
Natural Histon*-
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Dr. Arthur E. Bogan

North Carolina State Museum of

Natural Sciences
Raleigh, NC 27626

Dr Philippe Bouchet
Lab(jratoire de Biologic des

Invertt'bres Marins et Malacologie
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
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Paris, 75005 France

Dr. Robert H. Covsie

Center for Conservation Research

and Training
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Histor)-
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Wtliiiiic II,, \iinihcr 2
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CONTENTS 'S-''-^' <>"''-''-'-'

Kudo \<)H tJosc-l Tw'i) new spctlrs t>\ laru;r iiinsscls (Hi\al\ia: .\1\ tilnlac ' Ikiiii

Bruce A. Marshall activf suhniarinc xoli-aiim-s ami a tnlcl sccji oil the caslcni

Nortli Islaiiil i)l New Zralaiitl. with ck'st-riptidii nl a new
genus 31

Eugene V. (^oan Tlic lidpical castcni I'acilic spt'cics oi tlii' CoiiiK Idcardiiilae

( Bi\aK ia) 47

\\illi:iiii P. Leonard I'rdjiln/sdnii (liihiiiin ( 'in'ki'icll. ISi)(l. tlic papilliisc

Lvie C^iiciiester taildroppt'r ((^astnipcula: ,\riiiiiulac i: (.listnliiilHui and

Kristiina ()\aska anatonu' 62

Erratum 68

THE NAUTILUS 117(2):31^6. 2003

Page 31

Two new species ol large mussels (Bivalvia: M\tilidae) from
active submarine volcanoes and a cold seep off tlie eastern
North Island of New Zealand, with description of a new genus

Hiido \<)ii C.Ost'l

Museum National d'Histoire Natuivllc
55 Rue Buffon, F-T5()()5 Paris
FRANCE
eosel@uuilui.fr

Bi lice A. Mai-sliall

MuscMiii ol \i'\\ Zeahiuil Tc I'apa

Tou^arew.i
HO. Box 467. Wcllin^luu
NE\\ZEAL.\NI)
hnieeiiiO'tepapa.goN't.uz

.\HSIK.\t;T

Two new species autl a new iienus oi lart;e mussels from oil
uortheru New Ze;dau(l are ih'scrihed: BiitliiiiiKxIiohis tiiu<^(iroii
new species froui seeps (presnmalil\ iiielliaMc-ricli* oil ( ',ipc
Timiasjaiu and Cape Kidnappers at 920-12(1.1 m. and Cw'^r/ii-
tUhi.s iiliiditis new genus and new specii-s from active subma-
rine volcanoes on the southern Kermadee liidge at 21fi-755
ni. Giffnitida.s iiladnts is auatomicallv closer to the small, wood-
associated species of Idas [effrevs. 1876. than to am of the
large mussels curreuth' known from lixdrotliermal \euts or
seeps. A poKchaete of the genus Brdiuhipultinur Pettilioue,
1984, was found within the mantle ca\it\ of e\er\ specimen ol
Ciiiiiiitiiliis '•liidius.

INTHODUCTION

Fiillciwing the tlisccAen uf a umiihcr ol species dI larij;e
mussels associatetl with seeps aiul listlrotlieruial \cnts
from the eastern Pacific, [apan, Fiji, the (lariliheaii. the
Ciulf of Mexico, and the Mid-Atlantic Hidge (Kenk and
Wilson, 1985; Cost-l et ah, 1994; Hashim(')to and Okn-
tani. 1994: and references therein), examples ol a related
species were ohtained In eormnercial hshing at tx\(.) sites
off the east coast of the North Island of New Ze;d;uul
(Lewis and .Marshal!, 1996) (Figure IS). This mussel,
here referretl to as the genus Batlu/iuodidliis Kenk and
Wilson. 19S.5. occurs on slojie ridges landwaril ol the
accretionar\ piisui ol the ec}n\ergenl i^;icine-.\ustr;dian
plate.

.\ second. luueh largei' species w;is ohtained subse-
queutl\ li\ dredging during sune\s ol ;icti\(' su!im;u'ine
Xdli-anoes present along the southeiii KeiiiKidec \w oil
northeastei-n North ishmd ( P;irson and WVight, I99(i:
Wright, 1994, 1997: de iioiule et ah. 2001: and refer-
ences therein* h\ ihi- Naliou:il Instilulc ol Water and
.\tmospheric Researih. Wellington fFiguii- 42 ,

Institutional alihrex iiitions used lu the text are:
MNHN, Museum N;itional dllistoiic Naturelle, Paris:
NMNZ, Museum oi New Zealantl Te Papa Tongari'wa,

Welhugton; NiW'.-\, Natiou;il Institute ol Watei' and M-
ino::pheric Research, \\'ellington.

SYSTEMATIC :S

SuperiamiK .\l\tiloidea Rafines(|ne. 1S15

F'auiiK' Mxlilidae Rafines(|ue, 1S15

(ienus Bdlhijiiuxlitthis Kenk and Wilson, 19S5

Hiilliijinodiolns Kenk and Wilson, 1985: 255, T\pe species (h\'
(inginal designation): B(itlii/iiH>dii)lii.s thennophilii.s Kenk
and WiKou. 19S5: 1-lecent. C;ilap:ii;os Rift.

Ballxipnodiohis lauiuiroti new species
(Figiu-es 1-1 :>, 1 5-] 8: Tahle 1)

;iff BathipiuHliolns sp.— Lewis ;nid \l;usliall. UW6: I8,-5; 186.

fig. 4: 187
Biitlii/modiohis sp. — Cosel and Olu. 1998: 658.
Biilhi/iiiixliiihis sp. II. — Cos<L 21)02: t:ihlc> 4.

Dcscriplioii: Sliell largt', up to ahncjst 200 nun long,
elongate, somewhat aduliiorm, ratiier thick ami solid, ex-
terualK' with well-de\elo[ied, irregular growih lines: dnll-
whitisli IxiK'atli periostr;icuui: iulerualK nacreons-i\on.
Beaks sulilerniinal, at about one-se\enth total shell
length in adults; umbones \eiA broad, flattened. Height
gradiialK increasing posti'riorK, markedK' ciuAed dorso-
\entrallv, most infl;iteil at iiliont micLlength. e(|ui\;il\e,
length/height r;itio 2,5-3.2. Few specimens soniewluit
twisted, .\nterior part sliort, rather narrow, protruding
nose-like auteriork'; anterior margin narrowK' but exeidx'
rounded: \cntral m;irgin uiarkedK concaxe o\er:mlerior
IkiII. j'osterior m:n"gin e\cnl\ roundeil \entrall\. convex
iloisalK: p<istei'(i-dorsal augidatiou well-defined, round-
ed, situated above posterior adductor scar, close to pos-
teiior margin. Prodissocouch imkuown. Peiiostracum
thick. liiU'd. daik brown, smooth, glossv to somewhat
dull, no periostr;ic:il luurs ;livss;i! eudplates ol other
s|ieciuiens scattered over v, lives'. Hinge (adults' tooth-
less, anterior hinge margin wcakK protruding veiilraliv.
Ligani{>nt opisthodetic, ver\ .strong, extending over

Paw 32

THE NALTIIA'S. \ol. 117. NO. 2

Figures 1-5. liiilliiiiiunlU'lus laii<^aroii new spctn-s. Iloiohpc. Madden Basin isiicll Icii^tli !<)<). fi mm WIN/ M. 15S2S-4i. 1, 2.
I'Atcrior and inlcriDi (il riillit \al\('. 3, 4. Interior and exterior ol lelt \ai\('. 5. Dorsal \ie\\.

H. \()ii Coscl ami 11 A. Marsliall. 2003

Pa-'c 33

Figures R-9. Balliiiiiuidiiiliis Imi^iinia nrw spt-tk-s. 6, 7. Pura(\pr S. Madden Basin islicll lfiit;tli 1 lo'i niiii, \M\'/ M.loS22T
S', E\l<Tii>r and inliTidi of riaht xaKc S, 9. l'arat\pc 3. Tape Kidnappers isliell li'nijtli UiTS nun, \M\Z M. 1 ITSyO/o). Lateral
and (ilili(|ne \entral \ lew ol nilennr dl ri^lil \al\e willi iiiusele seais and pallia! line ln^lili'j,liled

Page 34

TIIK NAUTILUS, \ol. 117, No. 2

ip dd

I'igurc's 1()-I4. liiitliijiiiiiiliolus liiiii^HiiHI new spccii-s .iml (.'.hjjiiitulils ijiidilis new species. liaH-selienintie Jia\\lliL;s, 10, 11.

niodiiiliis taii'^iinm. paratype 3, oUCape Kidnappers (slu'll Ieii<,illi IHT.S WIN/, VI, 117.S9()/;5I. 10. Sketches of l(M)t-bvssii,s r

ooinplcx in left lateral i 1()) and doi-sal ( II i \ie\\ and its sitnation in tlie sliell. 12. Hiilhipiuxliobis liin^iinm. parat\p' 5, oll'Cape Kid
(shell Icntrtli I6l..i inni, MMIN'l. Interior of ri'Jit \alve, showing muscle sears and pallial line. 13. Hdlliijinodiohis l/iii^iinxi. pai
.Madden Basin (shell lent,tli 177.9 nnn, WIXZ \l I.5S227S' Oorsallv ()peni-<l stomach (scale har = .5 mm). 14. Ci'^anlUlns
parat>pe 3, Hnnihle \' (shell len..,tli 27l.:i mni \\l\/. M |.vWSS/:Vi, DoiNalK opened stomach (.sc;lle bar = 5 nun) (his;, hciiinninu oi
intestinal i;r(«)\i'; M. diijestive diverlienla dnel (enliance'; iij;. intestinal liroovc: Ip. liil poneli: oe. esophaiius).

Bcillii/-
etractor
nappeiN
■at\pe I.

Iddiu.s.
inin<' oi

R. \()ii CoNcI and B. A. Marshall, 2003

I'asie 35

Figures 15-17. BiillnjiHiidii'liis tawz/irna new spec n's 15, Ifi. Parahpe 3. {,'apr Kiduappirs sliill Ienn;th 167. S iiiiii, .\M\/,
M . 1 1 7S90/3 1 . 15. \riitial \H'\\ (il aiitrnur iiid. siidwiiiij; tliin, traiis\t'i"Se part (li iiiiicr mantle luld. .uid \entrall\' groo\"ed ioot. 16.
Wntral \if\\ nl pcistenm fiiil. sliowiiii; \al\ ulai siplioiial iiiriiilii<inc (arrow ) without iiifdian pajiilla. 17. Paratope fi. Cape Kidnappers
(sliell lent;tl] IWI i XMXZ M. 1 17S9()/(i). Neutral \ie\\ ot anterir)r end. sliowiu'.^ labial palps (arrims).

about five-sixths of postero-dorsal margin in front oi pos-
tero-dorsal coriR'i', and endinii; ahruptK posti-riorK; lig-
ament plate wi'akK !(> stroiigK con\'ex. Subligamental
sludl ridge well (le\el(ipial, in some specimens dixided
into a seeondan lidge that extends tr(un undei' nnilio
for about a third ol ligament length: prinian riilge ex-
tending posteriorlv behind umbo, betxveen ligament and
seeondan' ridge, and lieconiing obsolete shortlv before
posterior end of ligament (\isible onlv from xcntral per-
spective). Adductor scars well defineil. .\ntei'ioi- adduc-
tor scar siiort. situated just in front of umlio. Posterior
adductor scar rather large, more or less rouniled, united
with inost |iostcrior scar of posterior pedal ami b\ssns
retractor nniscle complex; anterior scar of this complex
well separated, sen' long and itself di\idcd into isolated
impressions, extending posteriorK from muler middle ol
ligament. Anterior b\ss\rs retractor muscle scar situatetl
deep uiidei' beak on anterior part of UTiiboual ea\it\ (\is-
ible ouK li'om \entral peispt-ctixel. I'allial line cuiAiug
parallel to \eutral margin.

Aiiatomv: ( 'tenidia long, narrow, aliuut T.i'; ol shell
length (125 UMU long anil 13 mm wide in IfST mm spec-
imen), outer and iimer demibranchs of e(jual length, fil-
aments broad and flesh\. food-groo\e not detected
(probabK because of poor fixation). .Ascending lamelhu'
ol outei' demibrauch anteriorK' fused lo niantle lor a
ver\' short distance, those of inner demibiauch luscd to
visceral mass. \o muscular longitudinal ridges on mantle
and visceral mass where dorsal edges of the ascending
lamellae attach, nor connection bars between free edges
and gill axes. Inner mantle folds separate along entire
ventral margin length from anterior adductor lo poste-
rior margin; edges slightK frilli-il over most ol length.

more undulate along posterior 30-50 unn; terminating
anteriorK o\ei' ;uiterior ailductor, folded back directK
onto muscle and conliiunng o\er it as a thin, delicate,
inconspicuous membrani'. \aKulai' siph(in;il membrane
short and thin, without median papilla. I'dot-lnssus re-
tractor muscle complex moderatek elongate; anterior ri'-
tractor rather short, ven broad, inserted in anterior part
of long unibonal ca\it\, most anterior point under beaks
(lanal shell). Posterior bvssus retractor comprising sev-
ir;il diverging muscle bundles with common fiase at base
ol bvssus: anterior part comprising 3 bundles attaclieil
to ven long scar at about nnddle of valves, at about a
right angle (most anterior bundle) and about SO and 60°
to longitudinal shell axis (second anil third bimdle); pos-
terior part consisting of 4-5 bundles passing towards 2
attachment points, most posterior liundle just before
posterior addiiclor. Posterioi' foot retractor long and
thin, arising Iroin ;uilerior side ol base of foot behind
base of anterior retractor muscles, passing parallel to
longitudinal shell ;Lxis towards anterior bundle ol pos-
terior bvssus reti'iK'tor. then bent d(us:ill\ to .ittachment
point, where closidv appressed to anterior biuRlle oi pos-
terior bvssus retractor. Foot relativelv small, 35 unn long
(bvssal orifice included i in :i specimen of KiT iiiiii shell
length. Two pairs ol l:(bi:il p:ilps present. :mteri(ir p:iii'
relativflv sni:ill. posterioi' p:iii' long ,ind n,irniv\l\ Iri.m-
gular (respectivelv 7 mm autl 12-13 nun long in a IW)
nun speciinen). Intestinal tract narrow. Stomach situated
just behind middle ol anleiior liiillOI shell length, sim-
ple, thiu-v\alled, anterior chamber ill-defini'd, posterior
chamber longer. I^ivertii'ular entrances 13, 7 in anterior
cli:nnbei', :uid fi in posterior ehamber. Depression cm
posterior left sitle corresponds to lelt pouch. Nbdgiit

Paw 36

THK NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. No. 2

Fijjurc IS. Ii.illi\ iiii'tnc rliart (il caste -iii cnilr.Ll Xcutli Island sIi(i\mii'4 loi aliliis Idi Hiitlii/iiiiiilinlii^ liiiitldruii new species. Isobaths
at 1(111(1 III iiilcnals. scaflom sliallnwci than KMIO in shadcil hasc map c(iiiilcs\ \I\\A lailapleil'.

liniiiin'j; posleiiiiilv straii^lil and iiieihalK Iniiii llie stiiiii-
ach, iirider \ cut ilcle and cnlciliii.;; xiiiliic le jiisl ni IkhiI
oi ostia. witliout an\ loop or ciine: Ix-liiiid licai't. inlcs-
tiiic passing o\cr posterior addnctor and xentralK on its

Tahle 1. Iiillliiiiiiiiilii)lus hni'Unod new species. Shell iiiea

sureniciils (iiiMii and proportions. Pural\pes o. 5, and (i li

oil Cape Kiiinappers. others Ironi t\pe loi"ilit\

Leiip;th

llcigiit

TmiiiditN

l,cll-lh

heisjiit

Specimen

199.6

74.1

61.2

2.fi9

llolot\pe \\I\Z

177.9

.5S.fi

50.6

3.03

I'aratxpc 1 \l\ll\

171.0

5S.0

52.5

2.95

Paratvpe2 WIN/

i(i7.S

52.fi

53.6

3.19

raralvpe3 NMN/

KS2.()

fi2.0

49.0

2.fil

I'aralvpc 1 \M\/

Uil.3

fi:5.fi

50.7

2.54

l'aral\pe 5 MNIIN

Ifift.f)

5fi.6

52.0

2. S3

I'aratvpc 6 NMNZ

14S.5

53.S

45.5

2.76

Paralvpe 7 \\I\/

110.5

41.fi

37.3

2.fifi

I'aratvpc S \\1\/.

103.0

3S.fi

34.7

2.67

Paratvpc 9 WW/.

101.7

40.5

3fi.S

2.51

R.rat\pc 10 \.\INZ

posterior side; aims at inid-di.inietcr ol jKistcrior addiie-
liir. Ilearl lallier liniad. situated in the jiosti'iior liall ol
shtdl K'li^lh. anterior e\treniit\ ol \eiitricle at niid-sliell/
inaiitle length, .\urieles loiii;;, fused |iost('riorl\' just in
Iroiit ol llie posleiioi acKhieliii and streli-liin<j; out tor-
ward ill narrow lolies Id llie anii ruii Iniiidle ol tlie |ios-
lerioi retraelin

T>iK' .MiiU-rial: llol,,l\pe ipair' N\l\/ \1.15S2S4,
and S parat\pes i(i pairs NMNZ M.I.5S227. 1 pair NIWA
1'.I29I. I piiir MNIINi: Iroin t\pe localitx. alive, 2fS Ma\-
2()(H , V\' '\'\\\\\\ \ lM\c . I seiiii-pelaiiie 'oraniit' roiitili\ "
trawl that aeeidentalK entiagetl liottomi, presented l)\' S.
Doiiker. l'arat\]ies: South Kitehie Bank, SI'' of ("ape Kid-
nappers, North Island New Zealand. 1(1 (H)S' S.
17S KSO' 1-;. ahxe, 117(1 in. U)i)4, l-A S\\ M\\ik\r
(seiiii-pelai;ie ■or.iiiiie rongliv trawl lliat ai'cidentalK en-
gaged liottoin'. let^. M. I''riar tjiaratxpes o ,iiid (1 pairs,
NMNZ M,1I7S9(); parat\p(> 5. jiairNINIINv

r\|)»- L<>calil\ (l'"igiiiv IS): South side iil Maddiai
Hasin. oil ( !ape Tuniagaiii. eastern coast ol North Island,
New Zealand, 4()°2fi.49' S, 17(i"5S, l.V V.. 920-1203 in.

R. \()n Cosel and B. A. Marsliall. 2003

Faec 37

Distril>iiti()n (iMiriirc IS): ( )ir soiillu aslcrn Xoilli Is-
land. \c\\ /ralaiid. li\iii<j;al J)2() 1203 in,

Biolopc: ( )ii hard liottoin on the slope rid;j;('s land-
\\,ii(l ol llic aciTctionan jirisni ol Hie coiimt^ciiI Pacilif-
Anstraiian plate, wliere pinines ol soii.n relleelive waler.
presnnial)i\ rieli in lixdroe.nlions. rise Ironi llie seahed
(lor details, see Lewis and Marsliall. h)0(i ' i|''i'j;ine IS).
We |)resiiiiu' tlrat the niiiss(.'ls lixc at these enii.ssioii sites
and ai'e nonrished 1)\ niethane-inetaholizin'j; sMiiliiotic
liaelei'ia eoneenlrated in their enlar!j;ed Lliills ((^lildress
et al.. I9S(1, iMsheri-t al.. 19S7: 'rnnnielirh'. 1001: ilio et
al.. 1002; and relerenees therein >

Etvln(>I()s^^■: Named alter the .Maori sea^ml 'iawj^nrtui

Remarks: Btilliiiiiioiliolns tuif^iiroa is slroiiL!,l\ eliar-
acterized i)\ its niarketlK euned shell and distineti\cl\
(■ionpite-cuiieilonn outline: no other species has this
shape. BathijUhHliiihis lu-ckcrtic (aistalson el al.. lOOS,
Ironi the Caili ol .Mexico, is ol siniilai' si/e rani^e hut
iiiori' slender and less ciined, with thinner-walli'd vaKcs.
lidthilimuliohis h(>oim'rn}i<i C^osel and Oln, I99S, Irom
the l-i.ninidos Accretionan Prism, is thinner-wallecl,
nioi'e eloniratc, and considerahlv larger. HdlhijiinHliiihis
liiriior Cosel et al.. 1994 (Ijaii l^asiii and .North Fiji
Basin). B. piitcoscrjHiitis Cosel et al., 1994 ( .Mid-.Atlantic
Ridge), and B in(iii\iiiiliiii\ Ilaslninolo 2001 illodri-
guez Triple |mictioiil. are shoiter and stonier llian B
tan^iirnii. with ,i inarkedK broader anterior nKn;j,ni
BfitliijiiKiilidliis childrcssi C^ustalson et al., 199S, Irom
the (aill ol .Mexico has the cuneilonn shape ol B liiii-
lldi'ttn. hilt is iniieh shorter witii almost terminal innlio-
nes.

Biillii/iiiii(li(>his Idiiiiiinxi dillers Irom BdlltiiinoilUilds
species lor which anatomv is known in that the inner
mantle lold is inncli thinner, more delicate, and less coie
spicnons w lieic it extends tians\ersallv (ner the aiilerioi'
adthictor. BdthijdHHluilns tdiii^drod differs Ini'thei' Irom
all species other than the group comprising B childrcssi.
B philiji'idis ilashimoto and ()kiitain. 100 1. B imntri-
Idiiicus (!os<'i, 2002. .aid an nndeserihed spi'cies Inim
Harhados i enrrend\ niideislniK li\ IS. \ . ( '. i. 1)\ its innl-
ti-linndle loot-l)\ssus-retractor complex. The [loslerioi'
retractor in B Idiiiuirod. lioweNcr, is nnu'h longer than
the anterior one. rat liei tli.n I Mce rersv; as in B childrcssi
(see (iust.ilson el al.. I99S: 77. fig 13' ami the nnde-
serihed species Irom Barliados leoiidition nnknown in B
jildtifrous and B niduritdniciis). .\nother common lea-
tnre of B childi'cssi. the nndeserihed 15arhados species,
and /i' Idicuirnd is the lack ol a p.ipilla in the middle ol
the posterior ol the \al\iilar siphoiial memliiane Ihus
/)'. hniiidrixi eannol he assigned lo ,iii\ ol the lonr inlor-
nial subgroups ol Bdlhijinodichis defined fi\ ('osei
(2002). specificalK the B thcnitophihis group (one spe-
cies), the /> /jrcr/er group ifi\e species), ihe B hccl<crd('
group itwii spe(.'ies) and the B. childrcssi group ilonr
sjiecics)

' )l the II specimens examined, one deiiglh 177.9
nun, paratxpe .MNIl.N) containetl a poKx-Jiaete worm of

the genus BrdiKliipoh/doc I'ellilione, f9S4 (length 32.5
mini, which was silnaled in the niantle i.a\il\ alio\e the
l)\ssns.

Giildiilidds new genus

T^pe .Species: Ci'^ni/idds Judius new species: Re-
cent, .New Zealand.

Diagnosis: Shells allaming \en large size (length up
to 31fi mm), cxtrcmeK sleniler. Unil)ones at ahoiit 2Wc
of total sh(41 length. |n\eiiiles ( <.5 nini) with periostracal
bristles, .\iiinial Willi \er\ long, rather narrow, flesln cte-
nidia. Inner mantle lolds entirek separate, tei'ininaling
anteriorK o\er anterior adductor, edges fi'illed along pos-
terior 3/4 ol shell length No \al\nlar siphoiial nieiii-
biane. Inner iiiantk' lolds below posleiior addmlor w itli
a deep cl(4t between l(4l and right mantle lobes. l'"oot
x'erx small, anterioi' retractor inserting on shell dircetk
abo\e anterior aikhictor. well in front of umbonal caxitx,
both muscles lorniiiig a common scar.

Remarks: Ihe large size .iiid biotope ol Ciiuntlidds
'jjddids inxiles inniiediate comparison with large mnsst'ls
ol the geiiiis Bdlhi/niiididhis, from all of which, how (ner,
it differs b\ tiie absi'iice ol a well-developed \al\nlar
siphonal membrane at the posterior end, and the ab-
sence of a conlinnation ol the inner mantle lold acioss
the anterior adductor Irom one \al\e to the other. More-
over, unlike Bddii/iiiodichts species, the attachment
point of the anterior retiactor is not situated somewhere
within the umbonal ca\ it\ but well in front of it, on the
nairow anterior part ol the \aKes close to the antero-
dorsal margin. In Bathipiiddiolus, the anterior adductor
and retractor muscles are situated close together at their
attachment point, especialK in species witli terminal uni-
bones, but remain well separated tln'ough ontogenx'
(Figure 10; see al.so Co.sel et al.. 1999: figs. 12. is'. 22.
59, 60. fil ). In (ViiifDilidds iJddius both muscles are in
contact at their insertion point and form a common sear.
\ er\ \oiing speciiiieiis ol (',. ^Jddius have periosti'acal
bristles on the poslero-dorsiil part, whereas these lia\e
iiexer been recorded Ironi Bdlhiiinoilinhrs species at aii\
stage of gro\\th (e.g. (.'osel et ak. 1994: Hashimoto and
Okutaui. 1994; Cosel and Oln. I99S: Cosel et ak. 1999).
The ;itt;icliiiieiil |)oiiil ol the ;mte]'ior retractor in Ncn
Miiiiig specimens ol (,'. '^Iddins ( <5 iiinii is in the um-
bonal c;i\il\ as III adult Bdlhijtncdidhis sjiccies. but with
increasing shell size it progressixcK shifts anteriorK from
the anterior jiart of the umbonal ca\itx to a position un-
der the ant<'io-dois;il m;ngiii. reniainiug xcn close to the
anterior adductor throughout ontogeux. The onK other
large mussel known in which the anterior retractor scar
is situated m lidiil ol llii' nnibon.il cavitx' closeK' adjacent
to the .Ulterior adductor scar, is an nudescribed species
Irom the k.iikata Seamonul, |apan. .According to Hash-
imoto and llorikoshi's 1 19S9) illustration, tkie retractor
scar in the |a]ianese sjiecies is \-ei"X' close U) the adductor
scar but not in eoiit;iet with it. and the tx\o bundles of
the ])osterior reti.ictoi are well separated. The [apanese

Page 3S

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. NO. 2

.species, wliicli ina\ tliiis belong in (Uiiaiilidds. is smaller
and more strongK fni-\c(l than (.'. iilri(liii\. and was
lound bnrrowing in sediment on a dormant sniimarine
volcano.

.\natoniicall\, C. iihidiii'^ most closeK resembles llie
nuicli smaller nnissels ol the genns /r/r/.s- Jeftre\s. IS7(i
(t\pe species /. ar^^cntciis lelTreNs. ISTfi; Norlli Atlantiii
(/. japoiucfi np to S.9 mm long), wiiieli li\e at similar
depths associaltcl witli (lcea\ing wood and wliale bones,
and Bi'Hthomodioliis Dell. 19S7 (t\pe species B. li^iiimhi
Dell. 19S7: \e\\ Zealand) llengtii np to 17.) mm), wliicli
li\es on dccaving wood. In the aiisenee ol animals ol llie
t\pe species ol Idas lor comparison, we have had to base
onr comparison on sjiecimens of the New Zealand Idas
species identified b\ l^ell (19S7) as /. japnuicd illabe.
1976) (NMNZ .\1. 75022). This spei'ies and C. oladius
share a similarK-siiaped jiosterior entl of the inner man-
tle fold, with a short narrow, deep eleft between llie ielt
and right mantle lobes, and no \al\nlar siphonal mem-
brane: and lack of tnbnlar jirolongation <il the exhaleiil
sipiion I'eriostiac.il bristles are pii-sent in both species,
though onK m |n\eniles ol (.' 'j^hidiiis Hcndimnoduilus
li<lincol(l aTid (.'. ■jjiidius both lia\e peiiosl lacal bristles.
and lack a \aKnlar siphonal membrane, and .i tnbnlar
prolong.ilion of the exiialeni siphon. ( '.i'j^iliil id(i\ thus dif-
fers from Idas piimariK in the exceptional si/e and the
biotope of the t\pe sjiecies. and in the migration of ihe
insertion of the anterior retractor to a position in liont
of the nmbones.

.Species ol Adipicola Dant/enberg. 1927. which attain
ii]i to ol.o mm in length, are also similar in gross facies.
Since soft |iarls ol the t\pe species i Modii'liin-ii iichvj^ica
W'oodwai'd. IS.")4 w<'i'e not a\ailable lor sliuK. we used
New Zealand species referred there li\ Dell (19S7.
1995). for compaiiMiii. nolabk \ iiiriirililis Dell. 1995.
a species with a slender, ciir\ed shell, living on whale
bones. In contrast to C.;. <j)(idiu\. the innei mantle folds
of .\, iirriiiililis ai'e iiiiieh llnmiei and less Irilled, bill a!
the posterior end. espeeialK o\ei the posterior addnc'toi.
tlie\ are iiiiieh iiMiie broadened to loini a long, thin lobe
that extends posterioiK belo\v the exhalent si|ihoii. In
contrast to the condilions in / jiii)<iiiiru\ and C, i^ladiiis.
a \aKiilar siphon. il membr.me is pieseiil in \ (ii'ciialilis.
bnt reduced lo a narrow lians\eise]\ \ei\ short rim
without .1 papilki. \loieo\ei. \ (iiiii(ilili\ has a long. In
bnlar e.xhalent siphon and no perioslracal biislles al aii\
stage ol growth. Adipicitld ossrorola (also associ.iled with
whale bones! lacks perioslracal bristles too. and has a
tnbnlar exhalent siphon though shoitei than m .\ r/r-
CHdlihs.

From the sniii ol simil.uities and dillerences. wc con-
clude that there is a close lelalioiiship between Ci'^du-
lidds. Iilds. and Bmlhoid(idiolu\ ih.il Xdijiiinld has clos-
er alfinities with Bddii/iinHliolus and that all ol these
genera lorm a single |)h\logenelic r.ulialion williin the
M\tilidae.

Gi^aiitidas '^hid'uis new species
(Figures 14. 19-13; Tables 2, 3)

Description: Shell e.xccptionalK- large for a nnissel, up
to .')f'i nini long. 54 mm \\\'^\ and 5fi nun broad. e\-
li'emeK long and sleiidei-. lather thin lor the si/.e bnt
solid, dull-whitish beneath dark periostracnm, inti'rior
nacreous-white. ( )utline somewiiat variable, irregular,
hilK grown specimens ilongate-aduliform or beail-
shapeil. slighlK enrxed dorso-\eiitralK. most inflated
about middle or shortK behind it. ei|ni\aKe. lengtll/
height ratio 4.7-fi.2. Half-grown specinKMis alri-adx slen-
der and bean-sha]X'd. \-er\' voung (length <fi() nun)
specimens more oj- less straight, iieaks in adult speci-
mens al about anlerior (|narter. .\nterior part narrow.
stniiigK prolinding aiiterioiK; aiiteiioi' m.irgin narrow'lv
lounded, ventral margin straight to \cn slightlv concave
over anterior half, middle /one of ventral margin mark-
edlv concave, straight |ioslerioiiv. and slightlv convex in
posterior Htth. Posterior margin broaclK rounded, pos-
tei'o-ilorsal margin weakK convex; postcro-dorsal corner
broadlv lomuk'd or not defined; highest part of the vaKe
situated there. l-Atenoi dull, with vvell-de\ eloped, irreg-
iikn' commaigiiKiI growth lines. Rounded, pronounced
posterior angulation rniming from iimboues towards
v<'ntral part ol posti-rior margin, bnt becominti obsolete
on Ikitteiied .md broader posterior p.iit sitn;ited ;it ;ibout
l/7tli ol shell length. Similar but iiinili shorter anterior
angle from umbo to vcntr;il |);irt ol anteiior margin, I ni-
boues extremcK elongated. i';ither prominent. I'inc ra-
di;il striae niiming Iroiii bt';iks to anterior, ventnil and
posteid-v entr.il iiKirgiiis. visible niosllv on ventral p;irt of
valves, sometimes slightlv cli;iuging direction ;it com-
iiKuginal growth lines. Hadial striae weakK reflected on
shell interior niostlv veutralK. On postcio-ilorsal slope
stiKie leplaced bv low. broad lougitudiiuil waxes that bi-
lineate tovv;ii'ds both dois;il ni;ir>j;in ;md posterior ;uigle
(i''igure .'55). Posterior angle smooth, in dorsal or ventral
view, broadest p;n1 of shell lornied bv jiosterior angle.
Second bio;idest part ;il .uileiioi ;mgle: si'ction under
nmbones lu'tween .mteiioi ,md posteiior auiile about
SiiiiK' width as iuileiioi ,in'j,le. in large specimens even
slightlv constrii'ted tlu'ie l l''igure 271 in some speci-
mens whole shell often more or less spirallv twisted. Lig-
ament pl.itc almost straight to sliglitK convex, i'erios-
liiienm strong. d;uk brown, iimboual region :ind area
inidei nmbones light brown, glossv to somewhat dull.
smooth, veiv voimg spci-imens ( 3-(i mm', however with
slioil pel iosti,ic;il bristles dnss;d elidphltes ol other
specimens commonlv sc.ittered over surface of valves).
I liiige in ven vdiin;^ specimens inp to about 5 unn long)
with row ol siiuill denticles ol similar si/.e. extending pos-
teiiorlv Iroiii liu.mieiit t<i posti'io-doi s;il ;iU'j;ukilion.
tootlil<'ss in l;ii',;ei speeimins Aiiteiioi liiii^e m,ii"t;in
liardlv prol riidiiig low;iids veiili.il, il .it .ill l.iL;;mieiil op-
isthodetic. stroii^. extendiug almost over whole of jios-
tero-dors;il margin and ending posteriorlv 10 20 mm
ispeeiiiieiis 200 270 mm shell length' in Iroiil ol |)os-
teioilols;il corner, either .iblliptlv or in a r.lthel" short

R. von Cosi'l and H. A. Marshall. 2()(n

'atfi> 39

Fisjures 19-24. Cw^(//in(/(;,s isladtiis iii'W spcLU's. 19-22, 24. HoloUpe, Rumble \' isliill Iciiatli 2(i() iiiiu. M\\.\ 11. 790). 19-21.
I'Atrnor. interior and oblique \entnil \ie\v.s ot risilit \al\e. 22. E\terior ot left \al\c, iiinscli' sears and pallia! line hi<4hliij;lited 24.
Clo.se-up \'iew of posterior part ol right \ahe to sliow seulptnre. 23. Prodissoconeh ol |n\eiiile pai.il\pe Ivoni 1-innible 111 \\l\'/
M. 15S285). Prodis.soeoneh I antl II boundaries arrowed (.scale bar = 2(10 nni).

tapei'. Sulili<j;aniental shell n(l<j;e well (le\el(ip(<l Iidi
der uniboiics to about one-hall ol h'^.tniiiil length
heeoniini^ 'j;ra(hiall\ obsolete. \isil)li' under the i
ouK Irom \entral perspeetixe. .\d(lnetor sears eleai'i
fint'd. .\nterior adductor .scar rather lariic arched,
ated well in front of uinho. near antero-dorsal ni;
iniited with anterior retiaetoi' innstle scar I'osleric
ductoi" seal' lari^e. rounded to snl)an<^nlar. muted
posterioi- sear ot posteiioi' pedal and bxssus reli
nuiscle scar. .Xnti-rior scar ol posterior retractor wcl
aratetl, situated between third and last (juarter ol

II iin-

Ihell

I leaks

l\ d,-

situ-
u'ljin,
ir ad-
wilh
ictoi'
scp-
liiia-

nient leu'^th. Anterior Inssiis retractor iiiiisi'je star di-
rectk abo\e anterior .iddiictor scar and united with it.
\M'1I in Iroiit ol unijioiies, i'.illial line almost parallel to
ventral iiiar'j;iii rroilissoeoneh with 'j;loss\, oxate. pinkish
pmple. sliarpK delniciled. prodissoconcli I S3-]()0 |j-m
wide, prodissoconeh II 430 |a.ni wide (dexelonnient
planklotnipbic).

.\natoiii\: < 'teindia \en Ioiil; and narrow, length more
than 759( ol shell length (7S9( in shell 271 nun lonj^,
'S4'7f in .316 uim spcciincn); 14 nun broad (outer dcmi-

Page 40

TIIK NAUTILUS. Xol. 117. NO. 2

Fimires 25-30. C.i'Ziinluhis 'Jadins new spi'cics. 25-27. I'aratxpc I. Huiiiliic 111 islull 1(

25. I-Mcriiir ol Idl \aKc. 20. I'Ati'rior oi' riiilil \al\c. 27. Dorsal \ic\\. 2S '"' " "'■ '

\\I\/. \1, 1519SS,:ii, 28, 29. I'Mcrio

■ • !Mnu icii^li 316 iiiMi. NMXZ M. I.5UJSS/1).
30. I'aiatypc .>. Kiiiiihlc \' islicll \vw<).\\ 271.3
n" and iiiliiHir cil Iclt \aKr 30. Ncnlr.il \ii-\\.

iiiin.

hraiic'li) ill a 270 mm spctiincii: outer and inner ileini-
l)ranelis ol e(|ual Icnsitli, filaments hroad and llesln. As-
cending:; lamellae ol outer demilnaneli anIerioiK Insed
to mantle lor a \vr\ short distance (about 5 nun', those
of iimer demihraneh Insed to visceral mass. Wntral edsie
ol eac-li demihraneh wilh a wclhmarked lood-<4r()()\e.
broader on inner deinibraueh. No nmsenlar loniiitudinal

ridges on mande and \iseeral mass where doisal edges
of (he ascending lamellae adaeh. and no connection bars
belween {wi- edges and gill axes, limer nianlle lolds seji-
arale along whole length ol Ncnlia! m.ngin Irom anterior
adductor to posterior margin, llicii' idgcs l|-illed along
|)ostei'ioi' lillh 111 slicll length oi' e\cn less, beeoining
smooth towards anteiioi. lerminatmg anlciiorK oxi'r an-

H son Coscl and B. A. Marsliall, 2003

Faei' 41

Fiijures 31-3(S. ('.i<j,iiiiti(lfis ^Jadiiis new species. liaH'-sc-lieiiiatle (Irawinws. 31-33. I'aiatvpe 3 isliell lenijtli 271.3 iiiiii. \M\Z
M, 154ySS/3i, 31-32. Sketelies of IcHit-lnssus retractor complex in left lateral (31 ) and dorsal (32) \iew and its situation in the sliell.
33. Interior of ri<j;lit \al\'e showinjj nmscle scars and pallial line. 34. I'arut\])e I I sliell lenij;tli 2()fi..l nnn. \\I\Z M.15498.S/1 1).
Interior of right \al\e showins;; muscle scars and pallial line: location oT concealed anterior bundles arrowed 3.5. I^irat\pe 7 (shell
length 245.5 nnn, XMNZ M. 154988/7). Exterior of left valve showing orientation of fine sculpture. 36-.38. Hi^lit \al\es ol |n\emle
paratopes. Rumhle 111 (lenu'ths 72. S mm i.3fi). .39.8 mm (37> anil 34.7 mm (.38). N.MNZ \l 158285).

Paue 42

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. No. 2

Fi_14iiiv;U)-4l. C.i'j^aiil 1(1(1'. 'jl(u!ui\ new species, :}!). I';ir,il\|)r II KuhiIjIc \ islirll lrii'j,lli 2(Ki.r, imii WIN/ \1 l")49SS, 1 I i.Xcntial
view ol anterior ciid .sliowiiij; iiuuitle e(lt!;e. aiilerior ami poslenur lalilal palps (arrows', eiilan^ed ijilis. xeiitralK-siroiAed loot, and
ah.seiicc of transverse ])art of inner mantle loM, 40. I'aratxpe 1). Hunihle \' (shell leii'j,lli 2:>1.2 nnn, MMIN). \cntral \iew oi'
posterior end sliowins; nniscnlar eonneelioii, elell postenorK (arrow ' ami with xesti'^e ol \aKnlar siplional memliranc anteiiorK. 41.
Para.sitie worm HrancliijioKnoe sp. i len'^tli 1 1 mm > in sitii w illi associated lesion on .mterioi mantle edt;e ol paralvpe 9 ol (J. >;ladins
(shell leii.rdi 2.51 2 nmi MMIM.

tcrior adductor and loldini; l)ack dircelK onin addiicNii
hut iKit eoiilininii^ lians\ersall\ ii\er il as a nni to iiiecl
ni.uitlc liild (il cipposile side, \al\iilar siplidiial nieni-
hraiic ahscnl: liowcxcr. inner iiiaiitlc liild loldcd \cii-
tralK' and l)i'coiniii<4 xcw sirow-^ and stroiii^lx Irilled. w illi
a deep elell lielween those ol rii^ht and lell \al\e. Fool
\vv\ .small: leniilli .'Il mm (l)\ssns orifice included' m ,i
spwiincn ol 270 mm shell Icniillr I'liol li\ ssus relr.ielor
mnsclc complex extrcmcK clonij;alcd, liul anterioi' ic-
tractor rather short. .Vnlerior rclracloi' in a(hi!ls inscrliinj;
immediatcK al)o\e anUaior addiielor. near anicio-dorsal
man^in, and well in lionl ol umlioual ea\it\. In \ei"\
\oimii specinK'US \- 7-) mm lon^i attachment jioinl is well
within anterior ])arl ol umhonal ca\il\ ihon'^h still close
to antci'ior adductor, atlacluuciil pomi mii^ratinij, aulc-
riorK with iucrcasinti si/e. i'oslerioi' l)\ssus retractor
comprisiiin 2 |)rinciplc dixcrtiinn muscle liuudles with
common base at base ol l)\ssus: anterior bundle bioad
est. dcsccndiii'^ at a \ci"\ low au'^lc to lou'j;itn(linal shell
axi.s Irom attachment jioint at .ibout mid-shell length:

poslericu' bundle ihiuuta'. extrcmcK' lou'j;. extending
aboiil parallel In lou'.iilndui,il shell axis to .ittachmcnt
point jiisl in hdiil ol posterior adductor. Two additional
\er\ thin bimdies attached between anterior and ]iostc-
rioi- bundles: attachment |ioints \ar\in!^ somewhat Irom
specimen to spi'cimcu. I'osleiioi- loot retractor \er\ lon'4.
passiiiti^ Irom anterior side ol loot b.isc. bchiu<l base ol
anterior idraclor muscles, towards anterior bundle ol
postcrioi" b\ssus retractor. rcacliin<4 attaclnucnt point
closcK a|ipressed to bundle lor onK a \erx short part ol
its leuLith, l,;ibi,il palps irrciiuhu'. uarrow-trianifniar. \ci-\
small m adult spe(ameus laulcrior paljis 2-5 nun Ioul;
• md posterior pair about S nun lon'j; iii a 270 nun spec-
imen'. |-clati\cK slii^htK lart^cr in juM-nile and hall-
i^rown specimeiis i posterior palps about o.o nun lout^ In
a 77 mm speeimeii'. juleslm.il had narrow. Slomacli
situ. lied belxseeu lirsl .md second t|uartei"s ol shell
leu'.^lh. small in rel.ilKin to sliell si/e. r.llhi i sunple. lliiu-
walled. with ,i sin, ill. i.idiei poorK delined anterior
chamber: posli rioi cli.unbci loniicr and broader: S di-

H. xon Cosfl and B. A. Marsliall. 2003

Paec 4:'

Figure 42. Hatli\iiictnc tliart s1iii\mii'4 Incalidiis (it Kiiiiilili' III and HuniMc \' Miliiiiarinc \oicanocs. (•ollecting sites for G!grtii/)V/rt.<;
ll^ludiii^ new spi'ciis Isdliatlis at IIIIKI in nitinaU- scallodr 21)0(1 ni and slialldwrr sliadcd. Base map Cdiirtcsv XIW'A 'adapted).

i^cstiNc (lixcrtifiilinii laitraiKi's \isililc, .■! at end of ante-
I'iiir elianiliei". o in piisteriiir eliamhei (speeinien exam-
ined eontanied nniens (inK ). St\ le sae and niitlij;nt ciin-
|i)iiied, Majiir txpldiisnle passing from midqnt alonii; flour
ol posterior eliainlier to someuliat l)eliind anterior
chandler: slndiow depression corresponding to l(dt
piHicli on posterioi' left side. (Gastric sineld not detected.
Midgnt extending posteriorJN straight and medialK honi
stomach, passing nnder \'entricle, then tnrning npwards
and entering ventricle withont an\ coiling or loop, pass-
ing behind heart nwv posterior addnctor and on poste-

rior side ol addncloi' tuiiimg \eiitialK, anus at mid-di-
ametei' ol adductor Heart lalhei" uairow. situated wt'll
posteriorK, its long amides lused postcriorK just in Iront
of posterior adductor, extending anteriorK m loii^ and
narrow lolies to undpoint ol shell ni.uitle length,

T\pe Material: llolotxpe \l\\'.\ Il.T^JO (pair, pre-
sened in alcohol i ami paratxpes \\I\Z .\I.1549SS (5).
\I\V..\ P.I24fi (7), MNHX (2), all Innii txpe localitx": 24
\la\ 2001, \\/\' Taix^iiroa (stn 107/2:30). Paratxpes: Rnm-
lile 111 suhmarine xolcano, S Kermadec Ridge. 35°44.47'

Page 44

TIIK NAUTIIAS. Vol. 117. No. 2

r-y : '/ r i ' ■^^- ■~^mk_'^ ' • '-' ."";- ^ lfr__;' :' '-*»

•»t^ "^

l. /WJ^t.'^.»r ' >■

Figure 4.'?.

lar<j;i'si iiiiiss(
spccii'.s ol (Ik

C'f^iinliiliis ^Iddiiis lieu sjiccics in situ on Knnililc III Milcnii), .3.S6 m. 22 .\la\ 201)1 iMWA sta. TAX 107/152). Tlic
Is in llic lorctiionnd at Idwcr ri<;lit anti at top Icll iciitrc are 25()-.30() nnn lousj. The starfish is a ni-w ni^niis and
.\stca'idai- (D.(;. .\Ic'Kius;lit, pcrs. coinni.). From rolor photograph taken In remote camera (conrtesN' N'lWVV).

Tabic 2. Ci'j^iinlidiis •Jutliiis new species. Shell nicisnrenienis
(mm, I and proportions.

Length/

Length

Height

1 imn(lit\

height

Specimen

316.0

.51.1

56. 1

5.S4

l'arat\pe 1 WW/.

2SS.0

46.7

43.2

6.17

I'aralNiie 2 M\ll\

271.3

44.0

45.3

6.16

I'aratspe .5 \\1\/
idisseeled

270.0

56.6

4S.5

4.77

l'ar.ll\pe 1 WIN/.
( liroken

2fi0.0

45.0

44.7

5.7S

li,)lot\pe \l\\ \

253.5

47.0

44.7

5..39

Paratvpe 5 \\l\/
1 \ broken

247. S

44.8

40.6

5.. 53

l',nal\pe (> \l\\ \

245.5

4.3.1

40.2

5.69

I'aralspe 7 \\1\/

244.3

45.2

44.0

5.40

l'arat\pe S \l\\ \

231.2

42.3

.39.2

5.46

l'arat\pe 9 \l\ll\

216.5

41.0

40.2

5 2S

Parat\pe 10 M\\ A

206.5

44.4

.39.7

1 '>"i

Parat\pe 11 NMNZ

.S. 17S°29.4' K. ah\e. 21(i-tW) ni. 2 \()\. 2(11X1, H\ K \-
iivHOA (mam jinciiilfs: \\1\/. \1.1.)S2S5, \1\\ \
1'124S: K.\Hil/21. MNJIX

'l"\|)i" l,<>C'alil> : Kuiiihle \ sulniiaiine voleaiiii. sniitli-
cni Kcriiiatlec Hidgi' oil luntlieastern Nurlli Island.
New /ralaiui. :W()S. IS' S. 17S 11,71)' V.. 7.5.5--. 5(Sl) ni.

OlliiT \laU-riaI Ivxaniinod:

.Ir III. 23S-.3.5() III. 2

\()\, 2l)l)(). Iv \ K \ii \ra 1 \ I nian\ small to iiiodcrate-si/cd
spcciiiiens. \l\\\ 1'1219: K.\lill/22); RA K\ii\Ho,\
1.3H pairs, MWA 1'.1250: KAiill,'12V :VS2-2()7 rn. 19
Max 2001. KA' T\\(.\H(>\ i51 pairs. MWA ■r,\\l()7
0021: 420-220 111. 10\la\ 2001. IIA' Twcxian i 7S pairs.
MWA TA\107/OO3i; 420 2,iO m. 2.3 Ma\ 2001, HA'
TwexHOA (2.53 pairs, MWA r\\107 210i: Ixuinhle \.
7,5,5 ,«i() III. 24 Max 2001. KA' Twc.xkox (103 pairs,
MWA IA\107 2.30\ 7,30-470 m, 24 .Max 2001. liA'
Tx\(.\H()x i27 pairs, MW \ IAN" 107/324):' 485-415 in.
21 .Max 2001. ixA' Twi.xiaix i90 pairs. MWA F.1247:
TAXI 07/325'.

R. von Cosfl and B. A. Marshall. 2()().-

l\m- 45

ral)li' 3. I'liKeliaclr \Mlllll^ \Hrii)iiliipitlijiiiH- sp ' assiH-ialril
with ('•ifiiiiilidiis ij^liidiiis new spccio-s.

Shell Wonii

leiK'th Icir'th

(icatidii III wiinii w iliiiii
iiiiissi'l, anil pathi)liii;\

316.0 11 II 1 1 .v^ nun

2SS.(I nnii 1.1 null

27 1 ,1) nun .-IV) inni

27011 iniii .ill linn

260.0 inni 35 nnii

253.5 nun 40 iimi

24S.O iniii 34 iiiiii

9 mm

244.0 mm 37 mm

245.5 mm .50 mm

2.31 .0 mm ■34 nim

216.5 mm 31 mm

206.5 mm 23 mm

In Iniiil III liint lietwft'ii rii;ht I'tc-

iiiilnnii ilcmihranehs
Hiliiw piistiTJur aililiR-tiir
Antrniu hall \\ itli iiiir riiil al iiiiil-

shrll Infill
\iiitral siili' III liiiit ll^'^ioll^ iiii ctc-

mdia liiitli Milis'
Postri'iiii end. Wiiiins piisli-nm

against po.stfriiir aclductcir
Risjlit side between Inssns and ete-

nidia (lesions mi eteiiidi.i Imlli

sides 1
Beh\eeii anterior lip ol loot and an-

tenor addnetor
Beside tile adult worm
Hind end at inid-shell length, head

posteiioi'
Near niiintli, with head toiiehinii

palps (lesion )
Between tip of loot and anterior ad-
ductor (lesion on lit^lit mantle

edije 1
In opening abo\e muuth, ahont 15

mm of worm projecting; posteriorK
.-\bo\i' ctenidia on rit;lit side at Ins-
sns level

Distribution (Figure 42): Siilniianiie \iiieaiii)es. Ker-
iiiadcc Ridjfe, NE New Zi'alaiid. 21(-i-755 in, slialluwest
occurrence unclear (ohtaiued In dred^iiii^ iipslnpe).
tluiuiji certainK- as shallow as 350 in.

Biotope: lli'j;li pnpiilatioii densities at siilpliiii-rich li\-
drotliermal sprinj^s on acti\i' snlniiarine volcanoes (Fig-
ure 42). Dretly;e hauls containiiuj; this mussel included
elemental sulphur and smelled stroiitiK of it. snu^estinij;
that the niussers nourishment in\(il\es chemosNiitliesis
h\ sulphiir-o\idizin<j; sxniliiotic bacteria concentrated in
the extremeK enlarged 'j;ills,

EtA'iiiologN : So iiaiiied lietaiise ol its blade-shaped
\al\es Latin ',

Kt'niarks: ('.i!j,iiiiti(lfi\ 'Jiulins is eurreiitk the second
largest Ihing mxtilid known, being onK sli^btK sm-
passed in leiiiith b\ Bdlhijiuoil'ioliis hdomcrdii'j^ (shell
length .3 Hi mill. \s, .37(1 mm'. B(illii/iiiii(/i('lii\ Intiniwr-
(iiiii. lio\\e\er, is a true Biilliiinunliolu.s species with a
siphonal membrane and a posterior retractor with oiiK
two muscle bimdles. and is iiincli higher [losteiioiK. and
iiunv strongK cur\ed aiiterioiK. ()tlicr major distiii-
gnishiiig characteristii's ol (; 'Judliis are the attachment
of the anterior retr.ictor well in timit ol the iimbonal
ca\it\" directK abose the anterior adductor, rather than
somewhere within the iimbonal ca\it\ as in Bfitlnimn-
(liiilii\ speiies. and the imitinij; ol tile anterior addnctoi'

• mil retrac'tor scars, which are separate in Biilln/iiiodiohis
species

\ll I I intact adult hpe speeimeiis ol C. 'Jddius con-
tained a poKehaete of the genus Hrdiicliipoh/iioi'. On
opening the mussels, the worm was lountl situated at
\arious sites within the mantle ca\it\ (Table 3'. some
cansiii',^ lesions on the mantle edge or in the mouth re-
gion. ( )ne mussel e\eii had a worm projecting from the
openiiiL; into the dorsal nianlle ea\it\ above the mouth.
Thus the mussel is often traiimati/ed In the poKcliaete
iBritawN et al., 2()()1),

.XCKXOW'I.FDCMFXTS

We are grateful to Ste\f O'Shea and Malcolm Clark.
National Institute of \\'ater and Atmospheric Research,
Wellington, loi" loan and gift of material, to .Malcolm
('lark for the //( silii photogiaph. and to his co-workers
Keitli Lewis and Lin Wright lor information on geologx'
ol collecting sites, ami Richard (Jarlick for the distribu-
tion maps. The specimens of Ci^mitidas g/gr;.v were ob-
tained in connection with the follow iinj; programs lunded
In the New Zealand Foundation for Research. Science
ami Teehnolog^■: '■.Seamonnts: importance to fisheries
and marine ecosvstems" ((J()1X()()2S1. and "Consequenc-
es of earth ocean change" iC()l\()2()3). Two anon\'nious
referees are thanked for helpful comments on the man-
uscript.

LITERATURE CITED

Biita\e\. T A.. E. M. Knlo\a. R. von Cosel. D. Martin and T.
S, .\ksiiik, 2001, The association ol sjaiit mussels, Balliy-
iiindiiiliis spp.. with scalcworms. Bninchipohjnoc afl. scc-
pciisis ( PoKcliaeta: PoKnoidael: eommensalism or para-
sitism':' International (,'oiilerence on PoKehaeta. Re\kja-
\ik, |iil\ 2001, ProCTramme and .\bstracts: 29.

Clnlihess. J. ].. C. R. Fisher ]. M. Brooks, .M. C. Kenmentt
II. R. Bidigare and .\. E. .■\ndersoii. 19S6. .\ methano-
tniphie marine molluscan (Bi\al\ia. .\I\tilidae) SMiibiosIs:
mussels fuelled In" gas. Science 233: 1306-130S.'

(,'osel. R Mill, 2002. ,\ new species of bathvmodioline mussel
Miilliisi.a. Bi\al\ia. Nhtilidaei honi .Mauritania i West .\f-
nea' with eommeiits on the genus Bathi/iiKidiolus Keiik
cV- Wilson. 19S5. '/oos\ sterna 24: 259-27f.

Cosel. R. Mill. T. Comtef and E. M. Knlma. 1999. Batlnpno-
ilitihis ( Bi\al\ia: Nhtilidaei Iroiii Indrotliermal \eiits on
the .\/iires Triple Junction and the I,ot;atclie\ Indnither-
mal held. Mill-Atlantic Uidge. 4'lie N'eliger 42: 2'lS-24S.

( osel. R. \on. B. .Meti\ier. B. and J. Ila.shimoto. 1994. Three
new species ol Biitliiinii'iliiihis ( Bi\aKia: Nhtilidae) from
h\diiitlieriiial \eiits in the Laii Basin and tlie North Fiji
Basin. Western Pacific, and the Snake Pit area. Mid- \t-
lautic Ridij;e, The \'eli<j;er 37: 374-.'392.

(.'osel. R. Mill and K, Olu. 199S. (asiantism in M\tilidae: A new
Biitlii/iiKuliohis iMollusca: Bi\al\ial from cold seep areas
on (he Barbados .Vccretioiian Prism. Comptes Rendiis de
l'.-\cademie des Sciences Paris. Sciences de la \'ie 321:
655-fi6.'5,

Dell. R. K. 19S7, Mollnsca ol the FainiK Nhtilidae i BivaKia)
associated with iirganii. riniaius Iroiii deep water off New
'/lalaiid, with revisions ol the ';j,r\\i.-Vd Ailijiiciilii Dautzen-

Pasre 46

THE NAUTILUS, Nol. 117, No. 2

1km<;, 1927 and Ulasoln liedale, 1915, Kcoinls of tin- Na-
tional .MiLsevini of New Zealand .'5: 17-.37,

Deli. K. K. 1995. New .specie.s and recortls of deep-water Mul
lusca from off New Zealand. Tnliins^a. Kecords of the .\Iii-
senni of New Zealand Te Papa Ton;j;arewa 2; 1-26.

Fisher, C. H, j. J. Childie.ss, R. S. Orenlland and R. R. Ride-
g;ire. 19S7. Tlii' importance of methane and thiosnilate in
the metabolism of the Inieterial s\inl)ionts of two deejv
sea nin.ssels. Marine Biolosix 9fS: 59-71.

Gustalson, R. C R. 1). Tnrner. 1\. \, l.iit/ and K, ( ', N'rijeii-
hoek. 1998. A new c;enns and li\e neu specie.s ol mnssels
(Bi\ulvia, Nhtilidae) from deep-sea snifide/lndrocarhon
seeps in the (Inlf of .Mexico. Malacologia 40: (i'5-112.

Hashimoto |. and M. Horikoshi. 19S9. A hnrrowing spi'cics ol
"Btilht/iiHxIioliis". Deep-Sea Newsletter 15: 32-.34.

fl.ishimoto. |. and T. Okntani. 1994. Fonr new m\tilid mussils
associated with deepsea cliemos\ ntliclic eomniuiiilics
aronnd Ja[)an. X'enus .53: 61-83.

Kenk, \'. C and B. R, Wilson. 1985. A new mnssel iBivalvia:
MNtilidae) from hvdrothermal vents in the C;ala]iaij;os Rilt
zone. Malacologia 26: 25.3-271.

Lewis, K. B. and B. A. .Vlarshall. 1996. Seep fannas and other
indicators of methane-rich dewatering on New Zealand
convergent margins. New Zealand |onrnal ol (ieoloin. ,iihI
C;eophy.sics 39: 181-200,

Nelson, D. C. K. D. Hagen and 15. B. Edwards. 1995. The
gill symhiont of the Indrothermal vent mu.s.scl Bathijmo-
(liolus llicnnophilus is a psychrophilic, chenioantotrophic,
snilnr hacterinm. Marine Biologv 121: 487-495,

Tarson, 1.. M. and f ( ;. \\nght. 1996. The Lan-Havre-Tanpo
Back-arc Ba,sin: a sonthward, propagating, nmlti-stage,
evolntion from rilting to spreading, Tectonophvsies 263:
I 22,

Kio, \l, .\1. Hon\. M, Renard and K. Schein. 1992. Chemical
,ind isotopic ieatnres ol present dav bivalve shells from
li\(lrothcrmal vents or cold seeps, Palaios 7; 3.51-.360.

Ronde. <:. K, I de, E. T Baker, C, J, .Vlassoth. J, E, Lupton,
1 ( : Wright, R, A. Feeley, and R, R, Greene, 2001, Intra-
oceanic snbdnetion — related hvdrothermd venting, Ker-
niadec volcanic arc. New Zealand. Earth and Rianetan
.Science Letters 193: .359-369.

Tnnnicliffe. \'. 1991. The biologv of hvdrothermal vents: ecol-
oUA and evolntion. Oceanographv anil .Marine Biologv. \n-
niial Review 29: 319-407,

\\nij,lil, I. C. 1994. Nature and tectonic setting of the sonthcrn
Kcriruulec submarine arc volcanoes: an oveniew. .M.irinc
(;colog\' 118: 217-2.36.

Wright, 1, C 1997, Morphdlo^v and evoliilion ol the remnant
C'olville and active Kermadec arc ridges south ol .33^'.30'
S. Marine Cieophvsical Researches 19: 177-193.

THE NAUTIIA'S 1 17(2):47-H1, 2()(«

Pa«" 47

The tropical eastern Pacific species of the Conclylocardiidae
(Bi\al\ia)

Eugene \'. Coan

'I )r|i,irliin-iil III liiMTli'liratc Zocilo'^'

ami ( ic(il(i^\
( lalilDiiila Arailciii\ ol Si-icriccs.
Coldcii Catc Park.
San Francisco. C:.\ ;M11S-J599 I'SA
<'ciic (■(lantoNii'rracliih.op'

AB.S'IKACT

I'licic arc at Ic.ist ten niinntt' species dl ( iiihK Imar
lie tropical ca.stern Pacific: citjlit species assiuneil ti

iliiilai' in
I ( (iiiilij-
locdnliii and tA\o to CarditclUi- Ki^lit ol tliese t,L\a are ile-
sirilieil liere lor the first time: Ctinilijlui-iivilid sjkiisii new spe-
cies, CUiiuli/lii(-iirilia fcrnancliiui new species. Ctiiiili/liinniliii
koolsdf new species, CDudi/hHiirdid (•lni}<:,iilii new species, Cdii-
ili/liictii'iliii kiiiscnu' new species, ('(mdi/ldciinliii :^fi:j,i'ri new
species, ('iirdilillii iidldpiii^aita new species, and Ciii'dilcllii
didrii'ld new spi'cies. M:iii\ ol tlie new species seem to lie
endemic to islands.

INTRODUCTION

TIr' t j)iiil\li)caitliulae i.s a giniip nl iminile inaiiiii' lii-
\'al\es that lirootl their vouiil; willnn llieii mantle ca\it\.
F". Beniard (1S97: 205) siu«4ested that thi\ derJM'd li\
neotem from the (^arclitidae; howcM-r. the lamiK ina\
lie pnKph\k'tic, with some ciincntK iiii'liided ta\a <le-
rised from other ifroup.s. ThiTc also remain some si'j;-
nificaiit miresoKeil questions ahoiit \\liic'h ^eiieia eon-
stitntc the (.'onti\ loeardiiiiae. For example. Ohavan
I 19(S9: o49-55()) placed CanlitcUa. which has an external
li'^.iiiii'iit ;is well as a central resililer. in the ( ^arditidae,
liiil all(ie:ited C'ardilop.si.s. which has oiiK ;i central )'e-
sililei, ill the ( ,'ond\locarclii(lae (op. eit., p. .l.'iS). the\ :ire
othenxise \in\ similar. ProhaliK onl\ moleciil.ir e\ ideiiee
will resoKc this and similar i|iiestions. Iieciiisi' iiniiia-
turizatioii iiia\ have occurred more than once in the ( lar-
ditidae. which, at least in substantial part, are liroodi'rs.
The CoiuKlocardiidae is imexpeetedK di\eise. ;iiid m
recent \ears iiumx new spt^eies have lieeii deseiihed a
si^iiiheant immlier ol them endemic to small 'j;eo'j,i,ipliic
areas, partieiilarK islands i Salas :uid Kohin, WMi). ,Salas
and Cosel, 1991; Ilavami and Kase. 199:>: Middellart.
21 Hit). 2001, 2002a, h).

' Mailiii<,;adtlress: SUl San |iule .\\eiine P:ilo Alto. ( :A, ') l.itXi-
2(i4ll US.A; also Hesearch .Associate. Saiit.i B:iih:ii:i Miiseiiiii of
Natural lliston and the Natural llistor\ Miiscinn nl l.ns \ii-
ileles ( :<>nnt\.

The piiipose ol the present stiidx is to put on record
the di\ersit\ of the (^oiuKlocaixhiilae in the tropical east-
ern Paeifie, wiiere there are several mideseribed species,
based on material that li.rs reeeiitk become axailable,

.All the spt'cies discussed here are muler 3.1 mm in
length, with most under 2 mm. Oonsequentlw litjht plio-
tograpli\ is ililficiilt, and the illustrations liei'e were pre-
pared with sc;miiiiiL!; elet'tron microscopes at the Cali-
fornia Academx ol Sciences, the Ui]i\('rsit\(il Southi'ni
California, and the Naliii":il llistor\ .Museum ol Los An-
geles Conntx.

In the lollowing Ireatineiit. each \alid taxou is lol-
loxved 1)\ a s\uon\in\, description, information on t\pe
specimens and txpe localities, notes on tlistribution and
habitat, the et\'mologx of the new species names, and an
additional iliscussion. The s\non\inies incliule all major
accounts about the s|iccies, but not minor mentions in
the literature. The distributional information is basetl on
Recent specimens I haxf examined, I'xcept as notetl.
Tlie onK' fossil ocern'reiRc was taken Irom the literature.
References are pro\ iiled in the Literature (ated for all
xv'orks and taxa iiieiitioiied.

ABBREMATIONS

The lollowing abbreviations are used in the text: AM,
Australian .Mirseimi, Svdiiev. .\iislralia: (,',AS. California
Aeademv ol Sciences. San hraiicisco. < 'alifornia, USA:
ICZN. InteriKLtioiial ( 'ommission on Zoological Nomen-
clature: INHio histitiilo Nacional de BiocHxersidad, .San-
to Domingo, lleri(li;i, ( .'osta Hica; L.AC^.M. Natural His-
torx' .\lusetnn ol Los Angeles Countx. California, US.A;
PR!, Paleontologic':il Research Institution, Ithaca, New-
York, L^SA: MNIIN. .\lus(-iiiii National d'llistoire Na-
tiirelli', Paris, i''];ince: SBMNII, Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural lliston. Santa liai'bara, California. L'S.\;
UM.ML, ,Marine invertebrate Museum. Rosenstiei
School ol Marine ,iiid \tniosplieiic Sciences. Miami,
Morida. IS.\: ISNM. N;itioual .Museum of Natural His-
ton. Smithsoiiiaii Institution. Washington. I)( .'. USA;
/M(', Zoologisk .Museum Copenhagen, Deimiark. .Ma-
terial in the private collections of Carol C. SkoiiluiRJ,

Page 48

TlIK NAUTILUS. \'o\. 117, NO. 2

'I'altlc I. Sonic kt.'\ clianiclcrs ol (■;ist<-ni Pacific ( 'i)niKl()(arclii<l.ii

Si,

ipc

Radial/com niareii I. il rilis

Pnidissoconch

Hinge

Conchjlocardia digucti nairow-triiioiial 6-11 hroad railiai.s/coiii-

niaiinnal bars

Cornhjlocardia hippopns trapc/oi<lal
Coiidi/Iocardia sparsd trapc/oiclal

7-.S rudiaK, larnc-.! aiitcri-
orlv/iiKidcialc (.iiiiiniar-
y;iiials

4-5 broad radials; po.slcri-
or slope iinsculptiircd/
conimai'ginal striae
Coiidi/loairdia fcnuindiiui linjad-trigmial 7—S low radials/strong

eoiiimargiiials

15-16 radiiils/nioderate
commarginals

9-10 radiids, smallest nic-
dialK/fine eoinmargi rials

l.'3-14 radials. wider ante-
riorK/iiioderate coni-
inarginals

l-S broad radials/crossliars
x'entralK

Coiidiilocdi'dia Lkil.sac o\ate

Cmidi/ldcardia clon'^ulu elongate

CondijliHiirdia kaiscrac
Condi/locardia '^I'i^i'ii

ol)lu|nc-trape-
/oidal

o\atc--trii'onal

nmcronate, with radial
ribs. strongK' demarcat-
I'd

rnueronate, with radial
ribs. strongK' demarcat-
ed

nmcronate. with radi.il
ribs. stronijK demarcat-
etl

nmcronate, with radial
ribs, stroiigK demarcat-
ed

small, pointed, not set off

pointed, not set oft. tip
indented

pointed, not set off. tip
indented

inucronate. set off, pnstn-
lose

CtirditcUa fialapagiind trapezoidal 16 noilose radials/fine pointed, no( stron^K de

connnarginals marcated. pirstnlose

Carditclhi miiiiiiei

trapezoidal I I noilose radiaLs/fine small. strongK' demareat-

commarginals ed. with fine ra<lial

scnlpture

posterior lateral in l.\' low

posterior lateral in L\'
large

posterior latt-ral in 1 .\'
large

posterior lateral in I,\"
large

short posterior lateral in

lA
short posterior lateral in

L\ : each \aK(' with

large anterior cardinal
posterior lateral in L\"

large

posterior larger in I,\'
small in most speci-
mens, large in largest
specimens

posterior lateral in l.\'
large: each \aKe with
larsje anterior cardinal

posterior lateral in L\'
larije: each \ajve with
large anterior cardinal

Phoenix. .Arizona. US.\; and Kirstie I,. Kaiser, Puerto
\aliarta, [alisco, -\le\ieo. was also examined.

MORPHOl.OCK.ALCH.AJiACTKKS

Aside Iroin the tiuidamental tlillcrenee in hinge nini-
phologN ijetween the C.diKh/lorrirdiri and Conliliild. a
Conil)inati(>n of sliell shape, exteiiial senlplni'e. prodi.s-
.soecjneli inoiplidlogN', and aspects ol the dentition suffice
to differentiate the specie's; these are detailed in tlie de-
scriptions and the mosl inipml.nil ol llieui snuMiiari/ed
in Tal.)le 1. Differences in shell color are also noled in
tlie descriptions of some taxa.

.Some of tlie taxa discussed here are pro\isiouall\ placed
in Condijlocardiu and nia\ excntualK meril the descrijition

of additiontil genera (Middell.irl, personal eoi nieation.

Decemher 2002), a task hcNoiid the scope ol llie present
treatment (sec also Discussion al euili.

svsTLM.vncs

Condylocardiidae F. i^ernard. lSi)(i
C-ondvlocardiinae K Bernard. ISiJd

Coiidi/ldCdrdiii [■'. liernard, fS96

Condi/lorardia [•'. Bernard, 1S96: 195. r.v .\lniner-( :halnias ins

Type species: (suhseiinent designation b\ F. liernaid.

1897: 175. as (.'. piiidi/nui. iiotn. van ): C sduclipanli F

Hernard. 1S96: 196. e.v Mniiicr-( 'halmas ins. Hecenl. lie
SI I'aul. Indian Ocean.

Uipprlld .Miirch. 1S61: 200; suppres.sed In ICZN (1969), Opin-
ion S72. T\pe species (monotxpx ': HippclUi hippopris
Morcli. 1S61; 200. Recent, tnpical eastern Pacific.

luidiiHonihjId Iredale. 1936; 272. T\pe species: (original des-
ign;ition); R drizcid Irediile. 1936: 272. = C. rcctdnffdaris
( lotion, 1 9:50: 2.37-23S. figure 10. Recent. Australia.

Diagnosis: Ligament in a centr;il resililer; no external
ligami'iit present. Prodissoconcli hounded In a rim that
is r;iised in most, and which li:is l:iinl radi:il ribs in most.
To .'VI iiiin.

l'oHil\jh)nirdi(i di'jiuti L;uii\. 191,
I Figures l-7>

('oiidi/liicdrdid dipicti Famw 1917; 443-445, figs. 1-.3; 1922:

;?(i7-.36S, figs. 1-3; Ilertlein and Stronc;. 194S; 106; Keen.

1958: ,S6-S7. fig. 170; 1971; 110 111. fiu. 215. Kais.r ,iiid
HiAc.v 2001; 15. pi 7, fin. 1 lb.

Dcsc'i'iptioii: Shi'l! narrow -Irigon.il. longer auterioiK ;
aiilerioi end romi<led to sh'j;hlK |iointed; |iosterior end
idiiiided. I'rodissoeoiieb large, set oil 1)\ laiscd rim. iiin-
erouale. willi fine r;i(li;il ribs. Lnnnic ;ind escutcheon
l)io;id. Shell with d 1 I broad radial ribs willi narrow in-
lersp;iees; radial ribs ( rossed In eomm;u"ginal bars. Pos-

E. \'. Coan, 2()():-

Fa«' 49

Figures 1-7. CdiKliilntiinhci dv^iuii 1-3. Kxtenial \ic\\ nl lill \.il\i'. iiik'ni.il mcws oI It'll and n<;;lit \al\c'S, Baliia Magilalciia,
I'aclfif iciast el Baja Caliloniia Sun Mi-xico. 1-11 in, LA(^\I 71-1S:).4:5, leiiti;tlis = Id mm. 4. External \ie\v of right \al\v. Bahi'a
Pulino. Baja C^alil'oniia Sun Moxicn, (S iii. LACM 66-204. kaigtli = 1.5 mm. 5. External view of left \aKe. IsJa Santa Margarita.
Pacific eoa.st of Baja California Sun (l-i! in, L.\(.'M 66-8.24, length = 1..5 imn. 6. Kxtenuil \ie\v of left \aKe, Punta .\ne6n. Gnava.s.
Ecuador intertidal /.one, L.\( \\ 71)- 12 4(1, length = 1 .2 nun 7. B.ihia Sau ( ialiriel, Isla E,spi'ritu Santo. Baja ('ahfornia Snr Mexico,
s\iitxpe, MN4IN, left \aKe, length = 1.5 mm.

tenor-ino.st [Kirtidii nl posterior slope with eoniniarginal
hars (inl\. White to light tan or xejlow liiglit \aKi' with
large anterior eardiii a! and sniali. doisalK posilioiied pos-
terior earthnal. tile icsililer lietween llieni: eloiigale an-
terior lateral on snhniarginal ritlge, separated Ironi .shell
margin h\ .serrate grome tor anterior niargiii of left

\ai\e: posteruu- iiKiigiii serrate, sjighllx laised distalK
into laleiai loolli. hell \al\e with sin, ill. doisalK posi-
tioned anterior cardinal ami large posterior cardinal, the
rcsililer hetxxeen llieiii: pit anterior to .iiitt'iior eartlinal
tor anterior cardinal ol right \al\e: anterior niargin with
.serrate lateral ridge, rai.sed distalK' into low lateral tooth;

Paiie 50

THE NAUTILUS. Vol. 117. NO. 2

posterior iiiar<j;iii ^^itll l<)\\ lateral tootli on siil)iiiarij;inal
ridge separated h\ serrate t^rooxe lor posterior inariiiii
oi riijlit \aKc. Leiigtli to l.fi mm. Two specimens troni
Malua .Maj^dalena I L.\(:.\l 71-1S3.43) (Fignre.s 1-3), one
specimen eaeli Ironi Ikihia Fnlmo (I/ACM 66-20.1) (Fig-
ure 4) and Isla .Santa Margarita (UACM 66-8.24) (Fig.
5), hotli Raja C.'alilornia Snr .\le\ieo. and one s[)eeiinen
from Pimta AneiMi. (;na\as, lunador (I.ACM 70-12.401
(Fig. 6), are figured iiei'e to sliow tlie range in shapes ol
this speeii's.

T)pe Material: .\1.\11\ mo numheri. s\iit\pes, 3
closed pairs, 2 right vaKes, 2 left \alves. M. L. Digiiet.
1914. from t\pe localitA. The largest left \aKe measures:
length. 1.5 mm; ln'ight, 1.5 nnn I Figure 7).

T\pe I.<>calit\: Bahi'a Sau (iahriel. Isla l^spi'ritu Santo.
Baja California Snr Mexico i24.4' X. 110.4° W).

Distribution: \'E end of Isla Cedros. Pacific coast of
Baja (.aliloruia, 2S.,3° N [LACM 71-151.49, 71-152.31],
into the Golfo de ( :alifonua as far N as Punta la Gringa,
Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, 29.1° N [LACM
S6- 195.4], and Cai)o Haro, Gna\inas, Sonora, 27.8° N
[CAS 159733], Mexico, to SE side of Punta Ancon, Pen-
insula de Santa Elena, Ecuador, 2.3° S (LACM 70-12.40;
SBMMI 34S087); Isla de Malpelo, Colombia (Kaiser
C;ollection); Isla San Cristolial. 0.9° N [L.-VC.VI 34-267.2.
34-269.9, 38-188.3] and Isla Santa .Maria. 1.3° N [LACM
34-297.3], Islas (Galapagos, Ecuador; intertiilil /one to
97 m (mean = 19.1 ui: u = 87), in ruhhle. Lots exam-
ined: 91.

Di.scussion: The specii's is 1)\ l;u" the most .iliuudiiiit
and widespit'ad in the eastein Pacific anil exhiliits eon-
sick'rahle \ari;il>ilit\ in shape ;ind mnnher of rilis. Most
specimens, such as the Hgni'ed s\iit\pe. are almost tii-
augular whereas others are nioi'e rounded, such as the
specimen from Bahi'a Piilnio figured liere. .\\ailal)le ma-
terial liilK hridues these extremes.

Coiuli/lncardiii luj)popiis {Wi'nxh, 1861)
(Figures 8-1 1)

Ilippcllfi liippopits Mcjivli, ISfil: 200; Keen. 195S: S7; l(J6(i: (i.
S. fig. 4; 1971: ] 10-1 11. fig. 246 [Condiiloairdia].

C'(»i(ltilo((irili(i pdiuimcusis Olsson. 1942: lS(i-lS7 |issue ]i;ig-
inatioii = 34-;35|, 240 | = SSj, pi. .37 | = 3], figs. 9. 10;
Ilcrtlciii and Strong, 194S: l()(i: Olsson. 1961: 190-191,
550. pi. 77. fig. 4; Keen. 1966: S; 1971: 1 10 |;is a s\n()n\iii
of C. Iiippopiis] (I'M! 4090. liolotNpc, left v;ilve: li'iiglli
1.75 mm; \'\\\ 4091. p;init\pes (neitlicr lot exaiiiiiied i.
Zone of imconlormitx ;il l);isc of I'lcistocenc; Pnnt.i de
Piedra. Peninsula de Hnrl(;i. Cliirlqiii l'rii\ iiicc, I'.iiMiiiil,
S.2° \. S2 <f W).

Description: Shell tni|)e/,oid;il. longer posteriorK; ;m-
terior end sli;irpK rounded; posterior end u;urow. point
ed. Prodissocouch large, set off l)\ raised rim. mncro-
nate, witli final nidial ribs. Lmiule narrow, shallow; es-
cutciieon broad, concaxe. Shell with 7 8 r;idi;il ribs, larg-
er and with wider int<isp;ices posteriorK, ,uid olti'ii with

smallei' i;idiiil I'ib posterior to these; posterior- most por-
tion posterior slope without radi;il ribs. Hadial ribs
crossed b\' moderate conmiargiiuii ribs, forming bars on
surfaces of radial ril)s. White, sometimes with linmii
patches. Right xalxc with large anterior cardinal and
small, dorsallx positioned posterior cardinal, the resilifer
between them; anterior end with large lateral tootli on
subm;iigin;il ridge separated b\ serrate grooxe for mar-
gin ol right \;il\e; posterodorsal margin .serrate, .swollen
into low Literal tootli distallv, with small subniarginal
shelf below it. Leit \'A\v with small, dorsalK' positioned
;iiiterior cardinal and large ;mterior cardinal, the ri'siliier
betxxeen them; iinti'rior to antei'ior cardinal is pit for
;interior cardinal ol light \aKe: anterodorsal margin ,ser-
i;ite. slightK raisi-il distalis into latend tooth, with small
siibnuirgiiial shell below it; posterior end with lateral on
small subniarginal ridge separated Irom hinge inargin b\'
serrate grooxe for hinge inargin of right xalxe. Leugtli
to 2.4 mm (LACM 72-42.60; 'Bahi'a Ballena. Puntarenas
Proxince, Costa Rica). Two specimens Irom Bahi'a Po-
trero, Guanaeaste Proxince, Costa Rica (LACM 72-
38.28), are figured here (Figures 8-10).

Txpe Material: UZM no numben sxiitxpes, one closed
pair OIK' broken lelt xiilve, one intact left x;ilxe. one un-
usualK thickened right valxe, A. S. Oersted, 1848, from
txpe lociilitx'. "in Margaritiferis" [text], "in Balau" [label].
Till' intiict lelt \al\e is figured here, length 2.0 mm; height
1.9 mm (Figure 11). .\n external view of die right \;iKt'
ol the p;iir w;is gixen h\ Keen (1966: 7. figure 4).

'unt;iii'iiiis Proxince,

Txpe Locality: Puutareiuis,
C'ostii Rie;t. 10.b° N, 84.9° W.

Distrihiilioii: H,iiii;i |obo, (Jiuinacaste Proxince. ll.T
\ 1L.U;M 72-17.43], to Isla del Cafio. Puntarenas Prov-
ince. 8..3° N [LACM 72-63.78], Costa Ric^a: Biicaro. Los
Santos Pi'oviiK-e, P;iu;im;i. 7.4° N (Olsson. 1961; si)eci-
mens not located in U.MML (X. \'oss. pi'isonal com-
munication, IS September 2001); Isla Taboga. Panama
Proxince, 8.8° X ]LACM 39-262.1]. Panama; Isla Mar-
chena, Islas Clalapagos, Ecuador 0.3° X [LACM .34-
285.7]; 3-99 m (mean = 23.7 ni; n = 24). in iiibble.
Lots ex;iiniued: 25.

C(i)i(/;/A vv/;y/;V/ spai'-ii new species

(Fignn

2-14)

Description: Shell tr;ipe/,oidal. longer posteriorK', in-
Hated: .Liilenor end produced, jioiuted: posterior (mkI
poniled, Piodissoeoueh l;ii"t;e, set oil li\ r;iised iini, mu-
ei'on.ile. with liia' radiiil ribs, Liiuule bro;ul. eonc;i\('; es-
luteheon iiroad. less eone;i\e. Shell with 1-5 bioad ra-
dial nbs on ihe .iiilerioi ;inil eeiitnil slojies: intei'S|i;iees
ol .ipjiroxinuiteK h;ill-rili width: posterior slope witli ouK'
flint tnices ol ratlial ribs: libs eiossed b\ eommargiual
growth stri;ie. Beaks ;iud anlenoi slope brown, but shell
entireK brown in some speeiiiiens. Right \;iKc with
modenite anterior c;irdin,il ;inil tm\, dnrs.ilK positioned
posteliol' eanliiuil ihe lesililei between them; posleiioi'

E. \'. Coaii. 2003

Faiif 5 1

Figures .S-14. CniidiiliHaidia species. 8-11. CdiKhihudiiini hippiipiis fS-10. I'Afcnial \ii'\\ ol' rii;lit \d\\v. internal \ie\\s oi left
and riij;lit \al\cs, Bahi'a Potrero, Guaiiaeaste Proviiire, Costa Kiea, S-12 in, LAC:M T2-1S.2S, len<j;tlis = IS iinii. 11. Puntareiias,
I'niitarenas Pnniiiee, Costa Rica. s\impe. LiZM, left \al\e. Ien<4ii = 2.0 iniii. 12-14. Coiiilijliicfiriliii spiiisii new species, paratopes,
external \ie\\ ofritiht \al\e. internal \ie\\s Dllclt and ri'j,lil \al\es. Baln'a Pirtrero. Cnanacaste Prininee. ( 'osia Hkh. S-12 ni. 1,.\CM
2919, localit^■ 72-.'3fS, lengths = 1.9 inni levlernal \ie\\ >, 1,7 irnn (internal \ie\vs).

til ndstcricir eaidinul is pit liir piistcriiii caiiliiial iil lelt
\ai\e: anterior end with elongate lateral nii siiliinari;iiial
ri(lij;i' separati'd from liintje margin li\ si riale groove for
inaii^in of left xaKe: posterodorsal inan^iii raised into lat-
eral tooth distalK'. with \er\' short siil)inary;inal shell <li-
reetK lielow it. Lett \aKe with tiii\, ilmsalK positioned
anterior cardinal and moderate [losleiioi' cardinal, the
resililer hehveen them; anterior to anterior cardinal is

pit lor anteriiii' cardinal ol riL;;lit \aKe; anterior end with
lateral tooth on liin<j;i' niaiiiin and \f]\ short snhmariiinal
shell dii-eetk helow it; posterior end with large lateral
on snliiiiariiiiial rid'j;e separatetl Irom hinge margin In
serrate gido\ e lor margin of right \al\e. Length to 2.2
mm (LACM S0-fi0.1(S).

Type Material: l.AC.M 2(J1S. holiit\pe, pair; length.

Page 52

THE NAUTILUS. \<.l. 117, No. 2

Figures 15 — 23. Cdiidi/locdidiii sjicclcs. 15-17. ('itiitli/locnnliti IcniiiiKliiui lu-w sprcics. parahpcs. cxtcnial \ii'\\ ol ni;ht \aKc. intcnial
\ic\v.s of left and njilit \al\cs. Isla Marcliciia. Islas (lalapaiios, lunailor. 12 in. I.,\(.'\l 2921, locidiU (i(>125, lciis:;tli,s = 1.9 mni icxtcnial
view), 1.7 Mini (intcnial \ic\\s). 18-20. Cinuhiloriinlui kiuiknc new species, parahpes. c\tcni;il \icw of left vaKc, iii(cni:il views ol icit
and ris;lit valves. Isla Wolf, Islas (iaiapaijos, l-'cnador, 274 m. I.\(.\l 292o. loc.ilih .vl-2(>4, len0lis = 2.0 nini. 21-2:1. CondijlocmdUi
cloii^titfi new species, paratv]5cs. exieniiil \'ie\v ol left \al\e. inlenial views ol leli ,uiil riiilit \aKes, Isla l''eni.iiidiiia, Islas (Jalapa^os,
F.ciiador, 1.5-30 in. I,\(AI 2927, Icie.ilih l,\(:\l 72-l9fi leiijlis - 1,9 mmm ,e\leni,il \ie\\ ', 2.0 inlenial \ie\\s).

1.9 iiiin: liciijlit. 1,7 iiini: l,\(:\l 2919, parahpcs, 10
pairs, 1.5 \al\cs, Si;,\iu iii-ii station 12(1 I'at I .aT'olIcllc
and Don (.'adieu, 20 [''elnnan 1972, Iroiii l\]ie l(iealit\.
Two parah-jies arc fiiiincd Ikmc ( l-'itiiires 12-11),

'I\pf I.ocaliU: I'liiila i'enca, \ of Baln'a Potrcro,
( ^iianae.isle i'mxiiiee, (a)sla iiica, 10'^29'15" N,
S.5 IS'S,5" W l,\( \l liicililv 72-.3S; .S-12 iii; Si-„\iu:iiKH
station 42(i,

K. \'. Coaii, 2003

Paiif 53

I)istnhiili<ni: Isla Meaiiiiiiera. El SaKador. 13.2° N. to
I'liiila (^)iifp()s, (^osta Hica. 9.4" N; intertiilal /oiu' to 35
111 ( llicail = 12. 1 111: 11 = II).

Otlior Mall-rial Kxaiiiiiied: I'l SaKailoi: Kaisci (lol-
IcilKin and \.M'\\ 2001-13,1. Isla Mcan^iicia. La I iiiiMi
l'ic>\ iiicc. I'.l .SaKadiii', 13,2 \. I in. 3 pairs. S xaKcs:
KaisiT C^ollc'ctioii, l.sla Mcaiigui'ia, La LIni()ii l'i'o\iiic('.
El SaKatlor. 13.2° N, 5 ni, 17 pairs, S \aKfS; Kaisi-r Col-
lection and SBMNH 346()L3. Lsla .Mfaiio;uiTa. La Uni(iii
Pnniiicv. Kl SaKador (L3.2° N). 12 ni, .5:] pairs. 32
\al\cs; \i(.'arau;ua: LACM 74-8fS.12, I'.l Nrlcro. Li'on
Fro\ince. Nicaragua, 12.0° N, 2 in, 3 hcachwoni \al\'es;
Costa Rica: LACM 80-60.16, Caho Santa Elena. Pun-
tarenas Pnixince, Costa Rica, 10.8° N, intertiilal zone, 1
pair; T\pi' lot. near Bahia Potrcro. Cinanacaste Proxince,
Co,sta Rica. 10.5° \. LACM localit\ 72-38. 8-12 ni; IN-
Bio 1)003404072, Cabo Blanco. Ptintaixaias Pronnce,
Costa Rica, 9.6° X, 20-50 m, 1 pair. 4 \al\cs: INBio
0001494861. Pniita El Flor. near Caho Blanco, i'nntar-
enas Province, (>osta Rica. 9.6° \, 14 in. 1 pair. 2 \al\es;
SB.MNH 348088, Bahia Ballena. Pnntarenas Pnnince,
Costa Rica, 9.7° N, 12-14 rn; L.\C.\I 72-58.58. Pnnta
Quepos, Pnntarenas Pro\iiice. C^osta i-iica. 9.4° N, 9-23
in, 12 pairs, 1 valve (plus one pair now in .\M C. 403166):
L.ACNI 72-59.29. Punta (Quepos. Pnntai-eiias Proxince,
Costa Rica. 9.4° N, 23 in, 1 pair.

Etyiiiologv: Tlie specific name refers to the lew raelial
rihs (in this species.

Discussion: This species is most similar to the s\ iiipatric
C. Iiipfuipiis. differing in heing more tra[)e/oidal. moic
inflated, and with relatixeh misenlptured posterioi" slope.
Condijloairdiu sparsu also has fewer radial rilis. which
are crossed In coininarginal striae rather than rihs.

C(>il(ll/h)car(lia liiiuniiliiin new species
(Eigures 15-17)

Description: Shell hioad-trigonal, snlie(|nilater:il: an-
terior I'lid pointed: posterior end sliaqiK romided, Prod-
issoconch largi-, set off h\' raised rmi. ninirimale with
fine radial rihs. Lnnule broad. c()nc:i\e; escntcheon
broad. Hal Shell wilh 7-8 low. bi'oad ladial ribs, dllen
Willi small radial rib anterior to these: interspaces nar-
Kiw. the anterior-most wider: ribs crossed b\' dense,
moderatcK' strong coinmarginal ribs: slii'll while to
brown. Right \aKe with moderate ;mteiioi e:ii(lin;il ;ind
veiT small, dorsalK positioned posterior caiilmal, the re-
sililer between them: posterior to posterior c;u(linal is
pit lor posterior cartlinal of left \'al\e: anterior end with
lateral on snbmar^inal ridge separatetl Ironi shell ni:u"gin
b\' serrate grooxx- lor margin of left \al\e: p(ist<iior iii;ii-
gin s<'r]ate. elexated distalK' into lateral loolh. wilh short
snbniarginal shell directiv below it. Leit \al\i' with tin\.
dors:ilK positioned anterior cardinal and moderati" |ios-
terior cardinal, the resiliter betwei'u llieiii: iuiterior to
aiiteiior cardinal is pit hir ;mteiior cardinal ol right \aKi':
.inlerioi- iiiar''in senate, laiseil distalK into lateral tooth.

with short snbniarginal shell directk below it; posterior
margin with strong lateral on snbniarginal ridge, st'jia-
rated Iroin shell margin b\ serrate groove for posterioi"
margin ol right \al\c. Length [n 2,1 mm,

T\pe Material: LACM 2920. holotxpe, pair, length
1.9 mm. luiglit, L8 iiiiii: LACJM 2921, paratvpes, 7
pairs, 14 valves; AM C. 403167, paratvpe, lelt valve,
James H. McLean, If Mav 1984. from t\pe localitv. Two
paratvpes are fignred here (Figures 15-17).

T>pe Localit^': Piiiila l^spejo, E side of Lsla .Mar-
cl'iena, Islas c'ahipagos, lu-iiador 0°19.5' \: 9()°24' W,
LACM localitv 84-26, 12 m. rock and coarse sand.

Distribution: Islas ( iakipagos. Ecuador, from 1.4° X
to 1.4" S: not conntiii'f the uncertain lot from Isla W'oll.

0-110 m (mean

33.1 III: n = 81

Other Material E.xamined: Restricteil to tlie Islas
Calapagos. Ecuador: LACM 34-264.6. Isla Wblf, 1.4° X,
274 111, 1 pair [specimen tentativelv assigned to this spe-
cies]; LAC:M 84-39.33. S anchorage. Isla Pinta. 0.6° N,
intertidal /one. rocks and saiiil. 1 pair; LACM 84-41.19,
S side ol Iski l'iiit;i. 0.5 .X: 15-24 m. rock's' slope, 3
valvi-s: LAC.M 84-26.16. tvpe lot, lsla Marchena. 0.3° X,
12 m: LACM 66-125.34. X ol Punta Espinosa. Isla Fer-
naiulina. 0.3' S. 0-:5 in, 1 pair: CAS 42344, Bahia Con-
wav, Iski Santa (an/. 0.5" S. depth not recorded. 12
piiirs, 17 v:il\es: L,\( ;M .■)4-287.7, Bahi'a .'\cademv, Isla

Santa Cruz. 0.8 S.

>:iKes: lACM 34-267.3, Ba-

hia Wreck, Isla S;m Cristobal, 0.9° S. 40 m, 1 pair;
LACM 33-161.2. I hmcock H:mk, XE of Isla Santa Ma-
ria, 1.0° S, IfO m. 1 valve: LACM 34-283.10. Isla Es-
panola, 1.4° S. 55 in. 1 pair. 7 valvi's.

EtMllolog\': The specific iKinie is taken from lsla Fenian-
diiia. Islas Ciakipiigos. where the species vv;ls first noted.

Discussion: The lot Iroin Isla W'oll consists ol a single,
vvdrii pair that is thinner, broader, and Hatter than the
rest ol the referred material. ( )l eastern Pacific species,
Conell/li'cdi'did fcriuiiKliiKi is nidst simikir to C di^iicti.
differing Ironi it in altammg ;i l.ii^er size, m being nearlv
equilateral, broader, with more poinlid ends. The sculp-
ture is similar but heavier, the laduil ribs being more
raised. The t'omnKiigin.il seiilptnre is niiR-li finer and
denser. The prodissoconch is more nmcronate. Ol west-
ern Atlantic species, it is most similar to C. .•miithi (13all,
1896: I(S-I7, pi I figure 4. as Carditclla). described
Irom Berninihi. iii having ;i trigonal shape and dense,
lamelkir seiilplnre, but il dilleis in being larger anil in
having levver. more prominent ribs (basi'd on examina-
tion of L'SXM 762566 Irom Bermuda).

Coiidi/locardiil koolsac new sjiecies
(Figures 18-20)

Description: Shell (i\:ite, longer anteriorlv: anterior
end rounded: posterior end snlitrnni:ite. sliaiplv romid-
ed posterodi II salK Lniinle elongate: eseiitelieoil bl'o;id.
Proilissoeonih small, pointed, set nil bv ,in inconspicu-

Page 54

THK NAUTILUS, Vol. 117. No. 2

OIKS liiii. Sculpture of 15-16 radial ril).s. Ijroadcst just
anterior to posterior slope; interspaees widest towards
ends; with moderate coTniiiar^inal rihs. loiiniuii; knobs
on radial rihs; posterior-most portion ol posterior slope
with et)nunarg;inal striae oiiK. White. Ki^lit \al\c with
elongate anterior cardinal and minute. dorsalK posi-
tioned posterior cardinal, the resilih'i' helweeu them; au-
terioi' lateral on suhmargiual ridge separated 1>\ groove
for lateral oi left xaKc: posterior margin slightK (.'lexated
into lateral tooth distalK. with short suhmargiual shell
hi'low it. Left \al\e with elongate anterior cardinal, fit-
ting ahoNc that ol right \al\e. ,md minute. dorsalK po-
sitional posterior cardinal, the lesililer lietweeu them;
anti'rioi' shell margin slightK elesateil distalK into lateral
tootli, sliort suhmargin.il shell helow it; short posterior
lateral present on suhmargiual ridge separated trom
shell margin h\ groo\c lor margin ol rii^lil \al\e. Length
to 2.2 mm.

T\pt' -Material: l..\(:\! 2924, holot\])e, pair; length.
2.2 nun; height, 1.9 nmi. L.VCM 2925, parat\pes. 5
pairs. 1 1 \al\-es; ,AM C:.4().')Ki9. paratxpe, right \aKe, \'k-
iinii 111. Afin Ihmeock I'oundatiou station BS 4.3(1. 11
Januan 1934, all from tNpe localit\'. Two ol the L.\(.'M
paratxpi's are figured here (I'^ignres 18-20).

Type L()calil\': Isia W'oll. Islas (iahipagos. Ecuador.
I°2:V N, 91°49' W; Alan IlancocIv Fouii(l;itinu station BS
430, LACVI localitN 34-2fi4, 274 m. iimkI, This is the
same station as the t\pe localit\ ol ('(iidilclld lUiliipa-

Di.slribiition: Known onK' Irom Ishi W'oll. Islas (iala-
]);iiios, luii.ulni. 1.1 \: IS.i 271 m i liuMU = 228,5 ni;
n = 2),

Other Material Exainim-cl: r\])e lot, Isla Wolf, Islas
(;ahipagos. Ecuador. I. -I \. I.ACAl localit\ 34-2fS4. 274
ni; LACLM 34-263.7, s.nnc loc;ilil\. IS.i m. .'^i paiis. .')
\al\('s

Et\lllol<)g\ : This spec'ies is uamcci alter fJi/alnth
Kools of till' (.'alilorma \ciiilcui\ ol Sciences, wiio has
helped on this and mau\ olhci prnjccls.

Discussion: In this species and (.'. lioniUiUi nuiike in
other eastern Tacific sjiecies ol ('niuhilocdnlin lln- larg-
er tooth in the li'lt \aKe is llic aniiaior oiu'. wliiili Ills
al)o\c the anterior c;n<liual ol the right \;iKe.

Condi/locanlia doiiiidUi new species
f Figures 21-23)

Description: Shell elongate, longer ;mtcriorK: ;iute-
rior end rountleil; posti-rior end Iruucilc. I'rodissociiucli
small, |)oiuted, miseulptnred, set oil l)\ an incouspicnons
rim, tip indented. Lunnle elongate, ol modeiMte width;
esentelieon broad. slightK' concave. Sculpture ol 9 10
strong radial ribs on anterior and central sIojjcs; ribs w ilh
narrower inlers[)aces medialK; radial ribs crossed b\ fim
commarginal sti'iae. but with nodes on pnslrrioi-uiosi
radial rib. Posterior-most jioitiou ol posterior cud with

commarginal striae onK'. White to light tan. Bight \aKc
with narrow anterior cardinal and mimite, dorsalK po-
sitioned posterior cardinal, the resilifer between thcni;
;interi()r end with triangular lateral on suhmargiual ridge
siparated from shell margin h\ serrate groo\c lor an-
terior margin of left \aKe; posterodorsal margin elevated
into low lateral tooth. Left \al\(' with narrow anterior
cardinal, fitting abo\c th;it of the right \;ilvc, and minute,
dorsalK positioned posterior cardinal, the resilifer be-
tween them; auti'rior end serrate, with low lateral tooth
on hinge margin, iuul lin\ submarginal ridge; postero-
tlorsal m:ngin with hileial tooth on submarginal ridge
separated Irom hing{' margin b\ grooxe lor posterior lat-
er;il ol right \aKc. Lcu<4tli to 2.4 mm i ;i paratxpc'.

Type Material: LAC:.\1 2926, liolot\pe, pair: length.
2.0 mm; hcighl. 1.6 nun. L.\C.\I 2927, paratopes. 5
p;iirs. 21 \;ilvcs, Sk.\rc.iier station 331, 25 Jannan- 1972.
Two p;ir,il\pes are figured here (Figures 21-23).

T\pe Localit\: Funta F^spinosa, Isla Feniandina, Islas
(ialapagos, Ecuador, 0°16'5" S, 91°26'2()" W'; LACM lo-
calit\ 72-196. Si'aim her station 331, 15-30 m.

Distribution: Ishis Galapagos, Ecuador, from 1.4° N
to 1.3' S. with a [lossible .specimen liom Isla La Plata,
f'cuador.

Other Material Examined: .Ml from the Islas Ciala-
[)agos, I'A-uador, except the last: L.\(!.\l 34-264.8, Isla
Wolf. 1.4" \, 274 m. 1 xalve; LACJ.M 34-2fi3.8, .same
!oc;ilit\, 183 m, 2 \aKes; LAC'M 84-41.20, S side of Isla
l'inta.().5° N, 15-24 m. I p;ur. II valves; L.ACM 84-
26.17. Pnuta Es]iejo, E side of Isla Marcheua, 0.3° N,
12 m. 6 pairs, 10 \aKes; LACM .33-174.9. Baln'a Danvin,
Isla (lenovesa, 0.3" N, 31 m. I p;iirs. .'>7 \aKes; L.\C"M
34-262.2. Punta Albemarle. Isla Isabcla, 0.2° S. 31 in, 1
pair; Txpc lot. Punta Espiuosa, Isla Feniandina, 0.3° S,
L.\(:.\l loc;ilit\ 72-196. 1.5-.30 m: L.'VCM 34-271.9, Baln'a
Sulli\an, Isla San SaKackir, 0,3° S, 37 m, 3 vaKes; \..\V.\\
.34-287.8. Bahia .AcadeiUN. Isla Santa Cruz, 0.8° S, 27 m,
7 \;iKes: LACM 38-193,'l5. .same locality, 0.8° S, 18-37
m. I \;il\es; LACM 33-157.7. Baln'a Post Office, Isla
.Santa Nbirui, I ..3° S, 16 m, 1 valve; L.\CM 34-283.11.
Isla Esp;iriol;i. 1.4° S. .55 m. 2 pairs. 10 valves: SBMMI
348089. M;i hi l'kit;i. M;m;ibi l'ro\ince. Ecuador, 1.3° S,
12-30 m, 1 \aKc [speiimeu tentatixeK' assigned to this
species] Thus, 12-274 m (mean = 58.2 m; n = 13). Lots
e\;uniued: 1.3.

l■"l^nlol^)^^: The specific name refers to the lact that
tins speeies is nuiisualK elongate lor the genus.

Discussion: (.'otidtilncdrdui cloiiiidla and ( koolsdc
.ne unu|ne .iinong eastern P.icilic sjiecies ol ('oiiih/lo-
rdiilid m lli.il the larger cardinal tt)oth in the k'lt \aKe
is the ;iuleiior one.

( '(iii<hilordi(lid kdiscidc new species
figures 24-27)

('i<ii(liilo(iiii!in sp 1. K.iiser .111(1 lirxcr, 2()(tl: l."!. pi. 7. fiij-
iiies 2. 2.1. 21).

E. \'. Coaii. 2()()3

a<ic oo

Fij»uro.s 24-28. Cuiiihilordrdia species. 24-27. i'liiiiliiliniirdui kiiiscnii- new species, paial\pes. 24 -2f). I'Atenial \ie\\ ni n^lil
\al\e. iiitenuil \ie\\s (il ti ll ami ri'Jil \al\es. Isia .Marclieiia Mas Calapagos. Ecuador, 12 iii, l,\( :\l 292VJ, lciculit\ S4-2(i, leniitlis
= 2.4 iinu (external \ie\\ '. 2.1 iiiiii nitenial \ie\\s). 27. I'Ateni.il \ie\v of left \aKe. "Tiger Moiml Isla ile Malpelo, Colimibia, 41-
44 111, SBMMl .")4fi()12, length = 2.2 iiiiii. 28. ('oiKliilnciirdui f^ri'^iTi new species, parat\pe. cxienial \ie\\ oi ri<j;lit \al\e, Isla Santa
Crn/, Islas (Jalapagos, Ecuador, IS ni. L.\(!.V1 2SJ(i4. locality 34-2S(i, length = 1.3 iiini.

Dcscriplion: Slidl ()l)lii|iir (rapc/oidal, iiiiieli Iniigci"
poslt'i'iorK: anterior cntl sliarpK rnnndcd; pnsleiioi end
hroadK I'Diiiided. ProdissoeoiKii large, pointed, niiieio-
iiate. diaiiareatc'd li\ liiii. with hue radial rilis: lip in-
dented. I.ininle narrow: eseiitelieon liniad. shglilK eoii-
ea\c Seiilptine oi 11-14 radial rilis, widest posterior lo
midline witii wider interspaces, lieeoniing nairowei an-
terioiK. liiit also with 1-2 narrow posterior rilis: posle-
rioi-iiiosl part ol posfeiior slope with eonimarginai rilis
oiiK, lladial rilis tiossed li\ inodeiale eoniiiiargiiial rilis.
lonuing nodes on r:i(lial rilis. slightK sealiiose in sonie
s|)eciiiieiis. Wliili' to light tan: posterior slope with
tirowii p:ilehes in some speemu'iis flight \al\e Willi and
large anterior eai'dmal and nnnnle, dorsalK placed pos-
terior cardinal, the resililer lielweiii llieiii: anterodorsal
margin with lateral tooth on siilimaiginal ridge, separat-

I'd Irom shell margin li\ groove lor shell margin ol lell
\al\e: posterior margin raised into slightK serrate lateral
loolli ilistalK. l.elt \aKewith minute, dorsalK' positioned
anterior eardiii.il and large posli'iior (.'archnal, till' resili-
ler lietween iheiii: anti nor margin raised distalK into
low. serr:ile hileial loolli. with narrow siiiimarginal shell
lor margin ol right \al\e direclK below it; posterior end
with large lateral on siiiimarginal ridge, separated Irom
hinge margin In groo\e lor margin ol light \aKe. Length
to 3,1 mm I lsl;i l)an\iii. Islas ( iahipagos, L.-\C!M S4-
29,2.3).

Tvpe Material: I , VCM 292S, holotxpe, pair: length,
2.2 mm: lieighl, 17 mm l.M'M 2929. parat\pes, 21
pairs. 7 \al\es: .\\1 ( :, Id.) 1 7.^v parat\]ies, 1 right \aKe, 1
left \aKe, fames II, McLean, 11 Ma\ I9S4, 'Iwo para-

Page 56

THE NAUTILUS. \oi. 1 17. NO. 2

tvpes are figured Ikmc (Figures 24-26). SBMNII
346012. paraUpe; leugtli. 2.2 uuii (Figure 27) | "I'imr
Mount". Isla de Malpcln. Colombia, 4.0° N. S1.6" W:
41-41 ni: Kirsli,' I.. Kaiser: 11 Mareli 20(H)|.

Type Locality: I'luita Ivspejo. I'", side ol isla \lar-
el'iena, Islas Calapagos. Feuador, (n9.5' N, 20°2I' W.
I,\('\! loralilv S l-2(i. 12 in. I'ock and coarse sand.

Distribution: Isla de .\lalpelo. ( iolonibia, 4.0° N, and
Islas Cahipagos. Feuador. as lar south as F4° S; 12-274
ni unean = 77.4 m; n = 16).

Otlu-r Material E.vaniinecl: Malerial lioin Isla de
Mal[)elo, (Jolomliia: Fvaisei' (.'olleetion. "Tiger Moiuit".
4.0° N, 9-18 rn. 52 pairs. 15 vaKcs; Kaiser Collection
and L\CM 2000-180.1, "Tiger .Mount ". 4.0° \. 24-34
ni, 56 pairs. 10 \aKes: Kaiser Collection. "Tiger .Mount" .
4.0° N, 30-56 ui, 12 pairs. Hi \aKes; Kaiser Collection
and SB.MXH 346012. "Tiger .Mount". 4.0° N. 41-44 m.
2 p;iirs. iucluding tlie paratspe cited aboxe. .Material
from the Islas Galapagos. Feuador: LACM 84.29.23. \
.side of Arch Rock. ,SF end of Isla Dan\iu. 1.6° \, 6-9
m. boidders. coral and ('(luh-rpn. 2 p:iiis. 6 \alves:
LACM 34-263.5. Isla Wolf, 1.4° N. 183 m. 1 pair. 9
valves; LAC:M 34-264.9. Isla \\"olf 1.4° N. 274 m. 1 pair.
5 valves: LACM 84-33.18. W anchorauc Isla Wolf, 1.4"
\, 9-23 m. roek-v slope, 1 \aKe; LACM 84-28.22, Be-
voud SW anchorage, Isla Wolf, 1.4° N, 23-30 m, sand,
'l iiair, 6 valves, L.-^CM 84-26.18; Txpe loealitv Isla .Mar-
chena. 0.3° N, LACM loealitx 84-26. 12 m: LACM 34-
43.23, Bahia Stephens, Ma San Cnst(')!)al, 0.8° S, 59 m,
2 valves: LACM 33-161,3. Hancock Bank, Isla Sant;i M:i-
ria, 1.1° S, 110 ui, 1 valve: L.VCM 34-280.5, Bahi'a Post
Office. Isla Santa .Maria. 1.3° S. 16 m. 1 n;iI\{>: L.\CM
34-281.8, .same localitA. 1.2° S. 1 19 ni. 7 \al\e,s; LACM
34-282.11, Bahia (;ardner. Ma F.spailol.L 1,4° S. 64 m,
9 v;ilves; LACM 34-283.9. Ma F.spanola \.\ S. .55 m.
2 pairs. 3 \-alves.

EtAiiioIojj;\ : fills species is named loi Knslic L. Kai-
ser, who has sp(>cialized on liopical easti'l'll Pacific isl,ind
l;umas and encountered llie liisl sprcimcns ol tins spe-
cies al Isl.i (le \lalpelo. ( 'olonibi.i

Discussion: ll is possible lo coiilnse lliis species with
xi'A small specimens ol the liuinid genus ('tciui. The
latter are longer ;interiorl\. have sonie\\li;it sunken lig-
ilinent |)osteriorK and no i'enli";il resililer, l\\ o si long I'ar-
diiial teeth in each \aKc. sulK'(jual anterioi ;iud posterior
latenil teeth in the lelt \aKt'. and ;i bulbous |)rodisso-
eonch.

Coiidi/liHarilifi ge/ger/ new species
(Figure 28)

Description Shell o\ ate-lrigoli,il, loii'j;el" .ililel iork :
anterior end rounded; posterior end snbtrimciile. Prod-
issocouch sm;ill. set oil b\ niised rim. niucron;ite, |)us-
tulose. without nidial ribs. Lnuule bio.id; eseiiteheon
iiroad. Shell with ;ippn)\imati'l\ 18 bm.id i.idial ribs willi

iKirrow interspaces. Radial ribs with eross-b;irs. most
couspicnousK \entrall\. White to light brown. Right
\;il\e with large anterior cardinal and small. dorsalK' po-
sitioned posterior cardinal, the resilifer between them;
without pit lor posterior cardinal ol left \;il\"e; anterior
end with kitenil on short snbmarginal ridge separated
Iroiii hinge margin bv groo\e for hinge margin oi left
\al\e; posterodorsal margin slightK pustulo.se, raised dis-
lalK into snuill Literal tooth. Lelt \;iK(' with small, dor-
s;ill\ positioned ;mterior c;irdiual ;uid huge posterior car-
dinal, tlie resililer bet\\ci'ii them; ;mterodorsal margin
slighlK pnstiilose. raised distalK into low hitenil tooth;
posterior end with small latei;il tooth on submiu'giiial
lidge. becoming more conspicuous in the largc'st speci-
mens. Length to 1.9 mm (;i p;n';it\pel.

Type Malerial: LAC.M 2962. holotxpe. pair: leiigdi.
1 ..) linn: height. 1.2 mm: L.\(,'M 2963, parat\pes, 55
p;iirs. 97 \;il\es, X'eleko III. ,\lan Hancock P'oundation
st;itiou BS 439. 24 Ianuar\ 1934; LAC.M 2964, paratype,
right \;il\e. Ieugdi."l.3 mm [L,\CM localit\ 34-286:' Ba-
hia .\c;ideni\. Isl;i Santa Cruz. Ishis (iiikipiigos, Ecuador,
0.8° S. 18 111 (Hg. 2S), 1 ck)sed p:iir ;md 5 ;iddition;il
vaKes specimens from this lot ;n'e coiit:iiiie(l in I.\C\I
34-286.21.

Type Locality: H:ihia Siilli\:m. Ishi San SaKador, Iskis
Cakipiigos, Fiiuidor, (fUi' S, 90°34' W, Akm Ibmcock
Foinukitiou stiition BS 439, LACM localits 34-271,
37 111.

Distribution: Ishis Caliipagos, Ecuador from 0.2° S to
l..'V S. 1(S-124 m (iiie;ui = 51.4 ni: u = 18'.

Other Mall-rial Examined: Iskis ( ;;ikip;igos. F.eiui-
dor: LAC.M 33-164.4. B;ihia |;nnes. Iski S;m Sal\;idor.
0.2 S. 27 111. 9 \alves; L,\CN1 34-273.S. s;nue loealitv
44 m. 2 \:il\es: L.\CM 34-277.6, s;iine loc:ilit\. no depth
recortk'd, 1 vaKi-; LACM 34-289.8, sanii' loc;ilitv, 29 m,
3 p;iirs. 30 \;il\i's; T\pe loealitv B;ilii';i Siilli\;in. Iski S;m
S;dv;idor. 0.3" S. L.WIM localitx 34-271. .37 ni: l.\CM
33-174.10, B;iliui n;in\ili. Iski (^eiioNcsa. 31 in. 2 \;iKcs:
LACM .33-175.1. Ma .Se\inoiir. 0,4' S. 24 iii. 2 p;iirs. 5
\:il\vs: LAC.M 34-2fi8.1.'lsla Se\uioiir. 0.5° S. no depth
leeorded. 1 p;iir 3 ViiKes: LACWI 34-292.3. Iski Se\-
nioin, 0.5° S. no depth retorded. 2 p;iirs. S \;iKi's:
I.AC :M .33-l(i9.3. \ of Iski S;iuta Crn/. 0,5 S. 124 m. 1
p.ui; LACM 33-170,6, s;ime loe;ilit\. 101 m. I \alves:
LACM 33-171,1. s:inie loc.ilitx, fSt'm. 1 \;ilve: L.\CM
.■15-172..). s:iiiie loc.ihls, 121 in. 3 \.ll\es: L.VCM 33-
17:5, :5. same loc.ilit\, Kll in, 1 [i:iir 11 \,il\es: L.\C.M 33-
l(i6.8. \ of Ma Piu/ou, 0.6° S. 82 m. 2 \;ilves: L.\C.M
:5S-191,3. B;ilifa Cariago, Isla Is;ibella. 0,6° S: 22 m, 2
\;il\es; LACM :5I-2S6,2. B;ihi;i .\c-adeniv Ma S.iiita
( .'rii/,. 0,8 S. Kim, 1 |i;iir. .5 \:il\es, pins (inured p;init\pe:
LACM :vl-287,9, s.mie loe.ililx. 27 in, 1 1 p.iirs. 26\,ii\es.
ni;in\ jii\<'iiiles: LACM .IS- 19."). 16, same loe:ilit\\ 18-.'57
111, 5 \:iKes: l,\(,\l :VI-27().6. Iski S;iu Cristblmk ().S° S,
no iliplli leeorded, 7 \aK('S: L.\C"M 33-157. S. B:iliia
I'osI Ofliee, Isl.i S.inl.i .\I.iria. 1.3° S. 16 in. 2 \.il\es,

EUinology: 1 his specii's is named lor Daniel L. (.a'ig-

K. \'. Coaii. 2003

l'a<'c

er, a rescarcli associate of tlic Santa l-iaii)ara \liisi-iiiii ol
Natural lliston. who lias liccn lidpliil on inan\ pmjcrts.

Discussion: Tliis species is closest lo ('oiiilijIociirdUi tli-
iiuiti. ilillerinti; in ha\ing nian\ nioie radial ribs and in
heinii more o\ate.

I'l

^nu.i. AiiDi I K )\ \i, Sri ( n,s ( u Ci i\in 1 1 n \iiiti\

One lot contain sjieciinens tlial do not lit llie species
descrilied alio\e. lint tlieie is loo lillle material is avail-
able to proposi' an additional nt'w taxon at tliis time-
LACM 84-29.24, X side oF Arch Hock, SK .'nd ol Ma
l)aiA\in. Islas (laliipagos, Ecuadoi- ilfi" N); (i-9 ni I .ol
contains 1 open pair and 2 \al\es. all soniewlial worn.
The shells are slightK longei' and sdinewliat liinicale an-
teriorK. with 12-13 elexatt'd. nodose libs.

Canlitrlla K. A. Smith. ISSl: 42^3.

T\pe species: (subsequent ilesignation li\ I), ill. 190.3:
702): C. pallkla E. A. Smith. ISSl: 43. pi. 5. (igiiiv 9-
9b. Recent, Estrecho de Magellanes. (.'bile .Meilinm
sized to minute (up to 5.2 mm). With central rt'silifer as
well as a sunken external ligament that is substantial in
some species and minute in others. Tlie following two
species are placed in (■(irdilclln because of their small
external ligaments in addition to a resilifer.

CarilHcllfl i!(ilap<hj^anii new species
(Figures 29-32)

('('uih/liiainliii sp. 2. — Kaiser and Bnce. 2001; j.i. pi. 7. Hl;-
iires 3. 3a, 3h.

Descriplioii: Shell triijie/oidal. longer posteriorK: an-
ti'rior end shaipK roundeil: posterior end siibtruncate.
Prodissoconch small, pointed, not strongK di'inarcati'il,
pnstiilose, its tip roimded to flattened. Luniile narrow;
escutcheon elongate, wider in right \al\c. Sculpture of
16-17 strong ladial ribs; interspaces half as wide as ribs;
radial ribs nodose, crossed by moderate commarginal
ribs, forming nodes on rib surfaces. White. Right \al\"e
with brci;id .mteiior cardinal; resilifei' separated lioni
sniiken external lit^ament In low ridge that is slightK
swdlleii dorsalK into ininnte tooth; anterior end with tri-
angular lateral tootli on submarginal ridge, separated
from shell margin h\ grooxe for margin of left \aKe;
anterior xaKc niacin betx\cen beaks and dist;il laler:il
tooth 'granular. Lett \al\e with large anterior e;ii"dinal.
which fits above anteri<ir cardinal ol right v;[lve. and luir-
row ridge on anterior l)order ol resililer: resilifer sepa-
rated from sunken external ligament b\ low ridge, swol-
len dorsalK into iniimte tooth; anterior lateral on liiinj;<'
margin, the ai'ea between it and be.iks giaimlar; poster-
odorsal margin with lateral on siibnuiriiinal ridge sep:i-
rated l)\ serrate groove for margin ol light v:ilve, l.eii'^th
to 2.ti mm (a paratvpe valve).

Type Material: LACM 2930, holotvpe, pair; length.

1.9 mm: h(ight. 17 i I.U'M 29.31, paratxpes, 3

pairs, approximatelv lOS valves; AM ('.40.3175, para-
tvpes, 1 right valve. I left valve; all \i 1.1 l;ii 111, .Alan
Hancock Foundation station BS 430, 11 Januan 1934,
Irom txpe iocalitx'. Two paratopes are figured here (Fig-
ures 28-31).

T\pe L()caIit^: Isia Wolf, Islas Calapagos. Ecuador,
1''23' \, 91' 49' W, Alan Hancock Foundation station BS
430; LAC;M localilv ,34-204, 18.3-274 m, mud. This is
the same station ;is the tvpe loc;ilitv of C'l'iuli/locni'iliii
kiii'l.sdc.

Distribution: Isia de .\Ialpelo, Colombia, 4.0° N, to
Islas Galapagos, Ecuador, as far south as 0.5° S; approx-
imatelv 29-228 in (mean = 151 in; n = 4).

Other Matenal Examined: Kaiser Collection, "Tiger
Mount", Isia de M;ilpelo, Colombia, 4.0° N: 24-34 in, 4
valxes. Material from the Islas Galapagos, Ecuador:
L.ACM 34-263.0, Isia Wolf, 1.4° N, 183 m,'2 valves; Txpe
iocalitx. Ishi Wolf. 1.4° N, LAC.M Iocalitx 34-264, 183-
274 III; LAC.M .54-265.13, Tagus Co\e, Isia Isal)ela, 0.3°
S, 146-183 in, 8 pairs. 90 valves; L.ACM 34-270.5, Isia
San Crist(')bal, 0.5' S. no di'pth recorded, three tiiiv
valves [specimens teiit;itivelv assigned to this species].

Etjmolog)': The spi'cific name relers to the Islas Ga-
lapagos, Ecuador.

Discussion: This speties is somewhat similar to but
has more railial ribs than C. luiwaicnsi.-i Dall, Bartsch
and Rehder, 1938 (p. 120. pi. :53. figures 5-8), which has
only about 11 (Kav, 1979: 553, figure 18()E, 554). It dif-
fers from till' Periivian-( 'hilean Carditdla tcff^data (see
list below I ill being more quadrate and in haxing more
radial ribs: C. tc<ud(it(i has onlv 10-12 ribs. The four
worn valves from Isia de Malpelo are a little more ellip-
tical and elongate than the material from the Islas Ga-
lapagos and might coiiii' to be regarded as another spe-
cies when more mati'iial becomes available.

Carditdla miiriclti new species
(Figures 33, 34)

Descriptit)n: Shell lrape/oid;il. longer posteiiorlv; an-
terior end sliaiplv rounded; posterior end broad, (iared.
Prodissoconch small, set oil bv raised rim, with fine ra-
dial sculpture and flattened tip. Liinnle and escutc-heon
narrow. Sculpture ol 1 l-fi strong radial libs, largest and
with wider interspaces posteiiorlv; radial ribs with scat-
tered nodes. Siirfiiic with lew brown llec'ks on white
b;iekgrouiid. espeiiallv on posterior slope. Right valve
with broad .interior eiirdin;il; resililer separated Irom
sunken external ligament bv low ridge that is swollen
dorsalK into minute tooth; anterior end with triangular
lateral tooth on siibmai'j,inal rid'j;e, sep;u'.ited Irom shell
margin b\ groove for iii:nu;in of left v.ilve: posterior valve
margin raised distallv into lateral tooth. Left valxe with
n.irrow ;interior cardinal, which fits above anterior car-
dinal of ri"lit valve; narrow lidire defines anterior border

Patie 58

THE NAUTILUS. \n\. 117. No. 2

Figures 2()-:J4. ('iinlili-lld spiiics, 29-32. ( 'unlilrllti •uiltijur.iinKi new spcriis. paialx pc--. cxtcnuil \ic\\ ol K'lt \aKc. internal xit'us
of'lfil and ni;lit vaKvs. i-Iu.sc-np \k'\v iil Inn^c nl Icll \aKc Ma Wiill. Mas Calapauciv lu-uador. 271 ni. l..\(:.\l 29.31. localin- 34-
264, lcni;tiis = 2.4 nnn (external \ie\\ i. 2 1 nun nilemal mcws .'?:$, 34. Ciinlilcllii uiaricld new species, liolotype. t'Xtenial view
of left valve and internal view of ri'Jil \aKe. Mas \l,niel.is \a\aril. M.ARd, C.XS I5i)(),"i7 Kii^lli - I ,(i mm.

oi rcsililcr; rcsilifcr separated from smileii external li'j;-
anieiit l)\' low ridi^e: anterior lateral on liintie niar'j;in:
posterior end witli lateral on snl)niar'j;in,il ridu;e sep.nal-
ed from shell margin liv <j;i-oo\c lor margin ol ri<j;lil valve.
I,en<4tli to 2.0 nnn (Isia San [nanito; Kaiser Collection i.

T\])c \la(ci-ial: ( ! \S |7)i)()."')7. Iiolotvpe. pair; len'j;lli,
l.H mm. Iiei'j;lil 1.2 nnn : l''i<inres .').'5. '.\A): V.\S I2.'5 l.v

paratvpes. 1 Indlun ri'Jit valve. 9 closed pairs, mostly
small: all lornn-iK Stanford Universitv .')2426. Dvvyer Ex-
pedition. U)(S3, Irom l\pe lo(,ililv, "divin<j;".

'I\|)i' l.ocaliU: Islas \larietas. Baln.i Ar Handi-ras,
Navanl. \le\ieo, 20.7 N.

Dislrihiilioii: Khis Tres Manas. Navarit. 21.7" N. to

K. \'. (.'(lan

2()(i:;

I'airc 59

Islas H('\illa0ii('(l(is. Mt-xjco, IS..'!' \: a|i|)i(i\iiiialrl\ 7-
4fi III liiu'an = 20.7 in; n = 7).

OlIiiT Material Exaiiiiiiecl: MiAito: Kaiser (.'ollct-
tiiiii, liiifa lilaiua. Kla San |nani((i. Islas 'IVcs Man'as.
Naxarit, 21.7° X, S-l 1 in, fi pairs; Kaiser (.'olleetion, Isla
Man'a Mai^claleiia. Islas Tres Man'as. \;i\arit, 21.5" \.
15-23 111. 'i closed p;iir; CAS 42335. isht Nhnia \hi.j;(l;i-
leiia. Islas Tres Marias, Na\arit, 21,5' \. ileplli iidt re-
corded, I closed pair; LAC'M fi5-12.ll, I', .iiiclicir;i!4e.
Isla Maria Cleofas, Islas Tres Man'as, Na\;iii(. 21.1 \.
5-9 111, IS p;iiis, ;ill hut one ti^litK sealed: K;iiser ('ol-
leetion. Ishi .\lana ( 'Ieof;is. Ishis IVes \l;in;is, \;i\;nit.
21.3° N, l(i-23 111, (S sealed pairs; Kaiser Collection. S
sitle, Isla Crande, Islas Marietas. Haliui de H;inder;LS,
20.7° \, 27-40 in, 2 snuill p;iirs; CA.S 42343, t\pe lot,
Ishis Marietas, Balii'a de Baiick'ias, \:i\arit, 20.7 .\,
"dixiii'j;'; Kaiser Collection, .Majahiiitas. B;ilna de B;iii-
deras, \a\arit, 20.5" \, fi-15 in. 1 small pair; L.\C:M 34-
260. fi, Balii'a Siilpliiir, Isla Clarion, Islas Be\illa<j;i<j;edos,
1S.3° N, 4fS 111. I \;ilve.

EtMii<>l(>g\': Tlie specific name is deiixed Iidiii llie Is-
his .Nhirictas. the tvpe localit\.

Discu.ssion: This species dillers Irmn ('(inlililhi i^al-
iijKi^diKi in that it has a iimcli longer posterior end and
fewer rihs, ;md it is somewliat smalli'r. This species is
similar in shape to Coiidtilocdrd'ui kaiscnie except that,
unlike the latter, it Ikis :i snuill sinikeii external litianient.
It is also similar in sluipe to soiiu' jiixenile I'ai'ditids, such
as Cardites Idlica^tntd ((;. B. So\\fii)\ I. in Brodeiip and
C B. Sowerln 1. 1833; 195). hut can he (listiii'j;iiislie(l
In its central resilifer, its larij;er prodissoconch with ;i
niisecl rim and r;idial sculpture, and its wider, less sc;i-
hrose rihs.

Notes dx riir; Sol'thekx Solth .•\.\iKiii( \\ Si'i:ciks
OF C.\iii)rn:i.i.\

There ;ire ;it le;ist fixe pooiK know n species ol ('iirdilrllii
tluil oi'cnr on the southern t'o;ist of South ;\mei"ic;i;

CanlihUii cMiliilii Iv .\. Sniitli, 1SS5 (215, pi. 1.1 li^ure (i. (i;i),
I'^sticcliii lie \l,i'j;,ill;iiiis ( liile; ;ils(i Tnsl.ui (hi ( 'iiiiIki ;in(l
Falkland Ishmils Soiilli \llaiitic ()iimii Tills spccii-s is
loii<j;er postcnorK and is nidst sniiilai in (' imi ilnrini', ll
has 14 rihs and attains 4 hum hi lc'irj;lli Sec :ilsii I )<ll
ll9W: 19:5, 188, fif;nre3.6),

CanlilfllH ninifonnis (Reeve, 1843) (pi. 9, figure l."); IS I 1 Ul t
as CdiililiiK ,\rica. Tarapaca PnAiiici- Id tin- IXtni Imi ilr
-Maijallaiics. (.'hile. This species is luiim r piislciioiK, lias
9-10 rihs, and attains 4 iiiiii in leii',itli See ;ilsi) Dell i 19(S4:
194. ISS. limine ?, \

Cunlililla iNillidii ]■'. \ Siiiitli ISSI p 43. pi 5. fi^incs 9-
9li!. Ivstreclio de .Mai^allanes. (4iili' Tlu- l\pc species el
the ',ienns, it is ;ippnixiinate]\ ii|iiil.ilei.il li.is 1 1 l."i iilis
and attains 5.2 iiiin in leny;tli

Ciinliulld sriiini (Hee\c, 1843' i pi 9. Ii.j;iiic LV 1S4 1 193-
194. as Ciirditd' Ipussihle sMidinnis CdiilUd idishiili^
Philippi. IS,18 2()-24 iinii X'liiiiii (iidiii diishiili', L;i-
iiKirck. 1818: did: Arlniolidlii-. pldhjipi 4V\oii. 1872: 254.
uiihi inn lint "Ciinldii iiu\lnili\ I'liilippi iiml (^)ii<>\l";

Cdrdiiiiii imri iilniii niiiiki? ISdl: .>(i-.)7, iinii 1 )ciii()\aii,
1800: pi. .'52, lignre -il. I'isci). lea Departiiieiit, I'eni. to
Aiica, Tarapaca Pnnince, (lliile. This species is (i\al. Inn-
ijer pesteriork. lias 1 4- 1 ~i rihs ,i\\fl .ill, tins .'! iniii in lensjlli,

Cdrililrlld l(yildla iKeexe. 1S4.) pi. !), limine 4S: 1844: 194,
as Cdnlitdi Ipossihle s\'iioiiMii; ('dnliiiiii pi/'j^iiKU'diii I'lii-
lip|5i- ISdO: 17d. pi. 7, fis;iire 3a-c (misspelled as "(' pi/'^-
iii/n" \i\ lieriKiiik 19S.):3li|, Islas Lelicis ile Aliiera, Laiii-
ha\i'i|iie I'niMiice. rern (d.9' Si i L.XCM 38-1 1 1 .4 I. to the
Kstreeliii lie \l;iij;allanes, ( .'hile. I ,ar'j;er speciiiu'iis are lou-
sier posteriorK. lia\c Id 12 rihs, and attain aiiont 4 iiiin
in leiii^tli. Heexe fit^nnil siu li ;i specimen, xxhereas Dell
(1964: 194, IS8 li.,.iire :5.8) illustrated a sxntxpe that is
almost eijiiilalc ral. presimiahlx ;i smaller specimen. See
also Maiincoxicli ( I97'>: Id. liijure 9i anil Held anil ( )siirii)
(2000: l:5d-139. li.j;. 7Ki.

Ciirdild jiiirh'lidiiii (lessiii 1888 ! p. 2d pi d. figures 7, Si,
ileseriheil Iroiii li|nii|ne. (Iiile. \x;is sxniiiixiiii/eil lix F. H.
Bernard i 198,): .')4 1 xxitli ('(irdilillii lunifdnnis (Reexe,
1843). Iliixxexei. Its original measmemeilt ( 14 mm 1 is too
lart^e In iiuike tins pLnisililc anil it iiiii^ht instead he a
small specimen iil Ci/cliii-drdid spiircd (G, B, Soxxerhx I,
in Broderip ;ind (.'• B. Soxxerhx 1. 1833: 195, as CdrditaK
desciihed Iroiii the same liii:ilil\ :iiiil xxliich (.'lessin's fi'j;-
ure more closeK' resemhles.

DISCT'SSION

Accordinij; to Middell.nt (personal coiiiiiiiiiiie;ition, De-
cember 2002), wlio lias studied the exteiisixe .Vnstralian
fauna of coiidx loiardiids. onlx Cddi/ijlnrdrdid ildiifidtd.
C. kdiscrdc. and C. k<i<ilsdc match the hiiiiie iiioiplioloij;x'
ol the txpe species of Condijlocdrdid. whereas the others
an.' closer to the liint^e inorpholoiiA of Coiidi/Idcinid,
though dilferiiiL!; in sculpture and prodissoconch shape.
.Moreiner, Ciuuhjldcdrdid Av/Zsr/v/e. with its xer\ long
posterior end. is unlike other species of tile <j;enus. Exeii-
tualh. s]')eci;ilists in this group max xxisli to propose ad-
tlitioual generic taxa to iiccoinmoikite some of these spe-
cies.

.VCKXOWkKDCMFA'TS

I appreciated the help ol the lollowing curators, other
personnel and their iiistitntions, xxlio made specimens,
Iilei';itiire. ;iud iuloriiKilion axailahle: Daniel L. (ieiger
;uiil kindsex \ (iroxes. Natural IlistoiA Mnseiini ol kos
;\ngeles (.'oiiiitx. kos \iigeles. ( !aliloriiia, liS.\; Fdi/.ahetli
Kools, Department ol lux eitehrate Zoologx, California
Acadeinx of Sciences, (ioldeii (iati' Park. San Francisco,
C;iliforui;i, I S.\; Philipjie Maestrati, .Museiiiu National
d Ilistoire Natiirelle. Paris, France; |iilio Magana C., In-
stitiito X;ieioiKil de Biodixcrsidail (INBio), Santo Do-
niingo. IIeredi;i, ( losta Bii"i; Txinana Xickens, Xational
Miiseiun of X;iliiral llistorx. \\ asliingtiiu. DC. L'S,-\;
Joan Pickering. The Xatiii.il llistoix Miiseum, London,
England, IK: Paul Xaleiiticli Scott, Saut;i Barbara Mu-
seiiiii ol Xaliiial llistorx. S;iiil;i l^;iiiiara, (.'alifornia,
US.\; .\iinie l.one Nedejshx, '/oologisk Museilin. Copeu-
hagi'ii, DeiuiKirk; ;ind N.mcx \oss, Unixersitx of Miami,
Mi;iini. k'liirida, l'S.\. l,xle ( ';iniphell, Kirstie L. Kaiser,

Page 60

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117, No. 2

and (iarol C:. Skogiuiul ^ciirniiisK made avail. ilili' iiia-
teria! or iiifonnatioii Iroin tlicir collci-tions. Peter Mid-
dellart ol'tiie Aiistialiaii Miiseuiii. S\(liie\, Australia, and
Diego Zelava of the Museo de La' Plata. La Plata. Ar-
gentina, pnnided .some iiiforniation. Alan R. Kabat pro-
vided a cop\ of a searee pa|n r I .iiidsey T. Groves, Kirstie
L. Kaiser, and Paul Xalenticli .Seott made helpful eoin-
luents on the inannscri|)t. Seolt Serrata and .Sarah
.Spanlding of the ( .'aliloiiiia .\ca(leiii\ ol Seienees ami
l)aniel L. Ceigerolthe Xatnial ilistdi-x Museuni ol Los
Angeles Countv' assisliil wllli SI'.M illiisliations; Paul
N'alentieh Seott prepared ihc plales.

LITERATURE (TTED

Bernard. !•'. lSy6. Diai^imsrs dc ciKinillc-s ii(iii\clli-\ dc iaiiicl-
lihranelies (genres lldclislcllcriii (•( Ciiiuhildcariliti). Bul-
letin dn Miisouni dllistdirc Xaliirrlli' dc Paris 2(5): 193-
197.

Bernard. K 1S97. Etudes eoiiiparatucs sur le cociuillc dcs la-
niellihranclies ('oiKh/htriirdiii. t\pe non\ean dc laiiiclli-
hranchcs. loiirnal i\r ( ;(in(li\li(il(i>;ie 44 |(.3)361l3): l(i9-
207. pi. fi. '

Bernard. F. R. 19S3. (:atal()'j;iic dl Hie liMiig BivaKia ol the
eiisteni Pacific Ocean: ISenii'j, .Sli:iil Ici Cape lloni. Ca-
nadian Special Pnhlication nl l^'ivlieiies and Ai|iKitic Sci-
ences fil . \iii + 102 pp.

Broderip. \\' |, and C. B. Sii\\erli\ I, I.S.33, |, , , die eolleetiou
ol shells iornicd h\ .Mr. Cuming on the western eeast ol
South .Xnicrica. and among tlie islands nl the sontheiii
Pac-ific Ocean]. Proceedings ol the '/ooloi;ical Societ\ of
London, lor 1832(251: 194-202.

(;liavan, .\. 1969. SuperfamiK C;n-ditac<'a. I'p. 543 5(il, in I.
K. Cox et al., eds.. Part N. | BivaKia]. .Molhrsca 0. \ols. I
and 2; In: R. ('. Moore, ed.. 'iVeatise on ni\ei1ehratc pa-
leontologv. (Jeological Societx of .\nieric:i and I'nixcrsitv
ol Kansas. Lawrence, wwii t 952 pp.

Cle.ssin, S. 1887-lSSS. Die haimhe der Carditaceeii. S\ste-
niati.sches Conch\heii ( .iliiiiel \oii Martini nnd Cheinnit/
10(1). 60 pp.. 13 pis, i 1 Id, |)ls I 5. 1887: I7-(S(1, pis. (i-
13, 1888),

(Cotton. 15. (.'. 1930, relee\poda ol the Miiidei siaii legion,
southern .'\nslr,ilia, \o I, lieeoidsol the South Australian
Miisemn 4(2): 223-240,

Dall, W, II, 1896, The niollnsks and hracliiopods of the B:i-
h.iiiui (Apedition ol the State Uni\crsit\ ol Iowa, Bulletin
Iron 1 the Lahoratories of Natural IIisIoia ol the St.ite Uni-
vcrsit\ of loua 4(1 ): 12-27. ])l I

Hall, W. 11. 1903. S\nopsis of the ( :arditacea and oltlie ,\iiier-
ican sp<'cies, Proceedinns ol the .XcadcniN ol \;itinal Sci-
enci's ol Philadelphia 51il': 696-719

Dall. W, II,, P B;irtsch :ind II, A, Kehder 19:i8, A iiiaiin;il of
the Keceiil and lossil in, nine pelecNpod moHiisks ol the
Hawaiian Islands, Bnllelin ol the Bernice P Bishop ,\lii
senin. 15.3: i\ + 3-2.33 pp., 58 pis. [rc|ir. New York
Krausi, 1 97 1, 1

Dell. li. K. 1961, Antarctic iiiid siihiiiil.iK (k \IoIIiis( ,i \iii-
pliineinM. Scaphopoihi and Bi\al\i:i Discoxen Bep(jrts.33:
93-2.50. pis 2 7.

Donovan. K. 1799 1801. I'he natiii.il liislon ol British shells,
inclndin;; figures and descriptions ol ,ill the species liidi
crto discovered in Creal Britain, s\sleiii,i(i( :ill\ .ii r,iii'.ied
in the Liiiiiean in. inner with scieiililie ,iiiil ''eiieral ohser-

\ations on each. I^)ndon (Donovan and Ri\nngton). \bl.

I: 10 pp.. pis, 1-.36; 2: 10 pp., pis. .37-72: 3: H pp., pis.

7.3-108: 1: S pp. 109-144: 5: 8 pp.. pis, 14.5-180. (Issued

in 60 montliK parts with 3 pis. each, prohahK (1-6): pis.

IIS. 1799: ('7-18): pis. 19-.54. ISOO: (19-.30):' pis. .5.5-90.

1801: (31-42): pis. 91-126. 1802; (4.3-.54i: pis. 127-162,

1803: (.5.5-60): pis. 16.3-180. 1804.)
Diinker. W. B. 1 861. Beschreihunsi neuer Mollusken. .Mala-

ko/ooloaische Blatter 8(21: .3.5—45.
Il.iviiiii I and I' Kase. 1993. Snhmarine caw Bisahia from

the Hxiikii Isl.iiids: s\ steiiKitics and e\olntionar%' signifi-
cance, Bnllelin of the IniMrsitv Miiseinn, University ol

I'okvo .35: I - 13.3,
lleillein. I.. (;, and ,\, M. Stronii, 191S, Noti- on west ,\nier-

ican species lA (.'.undiiloranita. T1k> Nautilus 61: 106.
IC/N ] International Commission on Zoological Nomencla-

Inre]. 1969. Opinion 872. UippclUi Moerch. 1861 ( Pele-

c\poda): suppressed under the Plcn:n"\ Powers. Bulletin

ol Zoological Noinenclatnie 25; 21(v217.
Ired.ile, T, 19.36. .■\nstnili;in mollnscan notes. .No. 2. Records

ol the Australian Miiseinn 19{5i; 267-.340. pis. 20-24.
K.iiser. K. L. and C. W. Bnce. 2001. The Bccent mollnscan

iiKninc laniKi of lsl;i (!<■ .Maljiclo. ( !oloiiihiii. The FestiMis

32. Oi'casioiKil Paper I: i-iii -I- I 149 pp.
K;i\. v.- \ 1979, llaw;iii;in marine shells. Bcrnicc P. ISishop

Miiseinn Speci.il Pnhlication, 64(4): xviii + 653 pp.
Keen. \ M, I !)58, Se;i shells of tropical w'l'st , America: marine

niollnsks rroiii I ,owei ( !;ililoiiiui to ( :oloiiil)i,i, 1st ed. Stan-
lord. California (Stanford Uiii\ersit\ Press'. \ii + 624 pp..

Ill |ils. Ireprinted; 1960.]
Keen. \ M, 1966. Mocrch's west ( .'cntral .American mollnscan

t\pes with the pro]ios;il ol ;i new lunne lor a s|)ecics ol

Scinclr. Occasion. il l',i|ier ol the ( :;ililonii,i Academ\ ol

Sciences .59: I .i.i.
Keen \ M 1971 Sea shells ol tropical west ,\iiierica; marine

niollnsks from Baja Cahlorma to I'cin, 2nd ed. Stanlord.

Calilorni:i (Stanford Uui\ersit\ !. \i\ + I0(i4 pp.. 22 ])ls.

In'jirinted. I9SI with ouK 12 pis.]
Lamarck. |, B, P \ de M. tU\ 1818, llistoire ii.ituielle dcs

,1111111, Ills sans \ert(''hres, , , , Xeidieie, Delen ille ,md che/,

f.iiilein, Paris, 61 2 pp,
l.:nii\, L 1917 Description d'lili l.miellihiMliclie noineau dn

Colic de Cililoniiii. Bulletin dn Mnseiim N:itional

d llistoiie N.ilinelle 22(8): 44.3-445.
L;iiii\, I"',, 1922, K(Aision dcs Carditacea \i\anls dn Museum

N.ilion.il d llistoire Natiuclle de Paris. |onrnal dc Con-

chxlioloui.- 66>:V': 21S-276, pl 7; i4): 289 .368. pf 8,
M.iriiieo\ ich, I, N,, |i. 1973. Inlertidal mollnsks ol li|nii|ne.

( liile Niilni.il llistonMiiseiiiii. Los .Angeles ( !oiint\'. Sci-

ciue Bnllelin 16: I - 19,
Middellart, P I 2110(1 I.imiiioiiiu sliiiK ol micid-mollnsks; a

case stnd\ iisiii<i the ( ^oiuKlocardiidac, Phuket Marine Bi-

oloi;ic;il Ceiiler Speci.il Pnhlication 2li2i: 465-475.
Middellnl Pt 20111 Di\ersit\ of CoiuKlocardiidae (BivaKia:

( ,ii(liloide;i 111 \iisli.ili;i III: I . S;iK ini- Plawen. J. X'oltzow.

II Sli.ilhin.iim .iiid C Steiiier. eds.. Ahstiacts. W'odd

( Congress ol \I.il.ieolo'4\ 200 I . \ ieiiii;i. \iislii,i Lnit,isMa-

lacolosiica', p, 22 1 ,
MiddcUart. P. L. 2002a. .A revision ol thi' Anstr.ih.in Condy-

locardiinae (Biv.iKia: C:u(litoidea: CoiuK locardiiilai'l.

Molliisc.in Hese.iich 22: 2.3-85.
Middelhirt, !', I , 2llll2h, Bevision ol the Aiisli mIi.iii Cimiii.ie

\nisii laid iBiviKri; ( :ardiloide:i; ( ^ondvlocardiidac i, Zoo-

ta\a 112: I 121,

E. y. Coaii. 200:1

Paw- fil

Milivli, 0 \ 1., ISfSO [IS59-lS(il|. Bcitni'^c /ur Mnlluskcii
l,iiin;i ( Viitral-AiiR'rika's. Malakozdolix^istlic liliittci (ii 1':
1()2-I2(i (1S59), 7(2): 66-96. (3): 97-106, (H: 170 192
I IS6O1, (5): 193-213 (ISfil <

()l.ss(iii, A. A. 1942. Trrtian .iiid (,)iialcnian. IhsmK Ikhh llic
Huiica Pciiiiisiila ot Pauairia ami (.'osta Kica. Hiillcliiis ol
American Palcoiitoloi^x. 27(106): 157-258 lissiic pat;iii;i-
linii 5-l(l6|, pis, 14-25 I = 1-12|,

Olssciii, \, A, 1961, .Molliisks (if tlic liopiciil caslcni I'aiilit-
parliiiikiiK Irom tlit' soiitluiii liall cil the l'aii;iiiii<-l'acific'
laniial pr()\iiife (Panama tii Peru). I'anamie-Paeific I'ele-
i\pn(l:i Ithaca, New York (Paieoiitolii^ical l{csc:ii<li In
slJtiitHin), 574 pp., 86 pK,

I'liilippi, H. .\. liS5S. Molliiscdnnii i|iii)ran(l.iiii Inicstinini rl
marinoriim Chilen.sium. .AIiIuukIIiiii'^iii <lri Xalnilm-
sehenden Ceseilscalift zu Halle, 4: 21-21.

I'liilippi. H. A. IS60. Reise durcli tlie Wesli' Alarania :iul Be-
telil (ler (iliilenischen Regienmj; im Somiiier lS5.>-54 nn-
deniHmmen mid heschriheihen. Ilalle (.Aulim! \ + 192 +
62 pp.. 27 pis.. 1 map | I'liMislird siiiiiill.niediisK m Span-
ish.|

|-ic'e\c, I.. .\. 1S43. Monograph of the <j;enns ( .irdila In: 1.. .V.
He(\e ed . ( lonchologia iconiea: or. illnslratlons ol the
shells ot iiiolhiseous aninial.s 1. 9 pK > pK 1. 2. |mie; 3-
6. July; 7, Aug.; 8. 9, Sept.)

Reeve, L. A. 1844. Descriptions ol new specii-s ol shells tignred

in the Oonchologia Iconic;).' Proceedings ol the Zoologi-
cal Soeiet\ ol Pondon lor 1S43| 1 1 |( 130): 168-197.

I'm id 1) ('■ and () ( )sorio. 2000 I'ln sh;illo\\-\\;iler ni;n'ine
Mollnse,! (]1 the Isstero I'^lel.mtcs .md l.;i"4nn;i S;iii Kalael,
sonthein (,'hile. Hnllc-lin ol the \;ilural lliston \lnseunr
London I Zoolo^N ' 66(2): 109 146,

S;ilas, < ), ;ind K, \on < )osel 1991 la\on()m\ ol tropical Wist
Alricaii lii\;iKcs 111 I'onr iiiw spe(i<-s ol ( jiiidx loi ardi-
id;ie Irom the coiil mm iil.ii shell Bulk liii dii Miisciiin \,i-
tion;il d llisloiiv \,ilnrelle, | Aj( 4)13(3-4): 263-2S1.

S;ilas, R. iiiid Iv llokm 1990. Four new species ol (.'oiidxlo-
c;irdiid;ie Irom ( :;ipe \crdi' Iskmds. Bulletin dn Mnsi'nm
N;itioii;il d'llistoire N;iliiivlle |A|(4)12(2): 349-363.

Smith. K A, 1881 Mollnsca ;iiid Molliiscoida. Pp. 22-44, pis.
.1-5. in ,\ceoiiiil ol llic /oologic;il collections made during
the sni-\v\ ol II \1 S Alcrl in the Slniits of XPigellan
;md on the co;isl ol P;itagoiiia ( :oiiiiiiniiic;ited In' Dr. .'Xl-
liert (aiiilher PR S,. KA S . keeper of tlu' Zoo'log\ De-
p;irtnieiit. British .Museum I'ldceediugs ol the Zoological
Societ\ of London hir ISSli 1 i: 1-14L pis. 1-11.

Smith. L. .\. 1885. Report on the L;iniellil)raiicliiata collected
1)\ ll.NLS. (Ihallengei, during lln' \e;irs 1873-76. Report
on the Scientific liesnlls ol the \o\;ige of H.XLS. Chal-
lenger during the \e;irs 1873-76, . . Zoolog\ 13(35): 1-
341, 25 pis.

Tndii, (;. \\'., |r. 1872. (:at;ilogiie ol s\iioii\ni\ ol tile hmiiK
Astartidae. Proceedings ol the AcadeniN ol \';itiir;i] Sci-
ences of Philadelphia 24 [for 1872]: 245-258

THE NAUTILUS 117(2):62-fi7, 2003

Pas^e 62

Pr()f)Iujsa(>ii (liihiiiiii (>()ckerell, LS9(), the papillose taildropper
(Gastropoda: Arioiiidae): distribution and anatomy

William I'. Leonard

223 I'ooti' Stivft NW
OKinpia, \\A 9.S5()2 USA

Lyle Chichester

2805 (Jreeiiliriar Boulevard
Wellington, FL 33414 USA

kristiina 0\aska

41S() Clinton I'lacc
Victoria, British Columbia
CANADA \S/. 6M 1

ABSriiACT

(Jcoaraphic (listrihntions of nianv species of native forest slus^s
in western Xortli America are poorK known. We report on t\\o
new records oi' I'niplnisriiui iliihiiiiu Cockerell. 1S9(), from the
Hock)- Monntains in northern Idaho. These records represent
a disjunct population Irom the remaimlri ol the species rani;e
in the Cascade Mount.iins and alon^ the I'aeific coast of nortli-
vvesteni North America, and the eastt-rnniost distribution re-
cords for the species. The genitalia ol the dissectetl specimens
Irom Idaho w^ere similar to prcNious illustrations of specimens
Irom Oregon and (California and to dissected specimens from
Oregon and Washington. We beliexc that the gross anatomxol
the genitalia is sufficiently similar to warrant the treatment of
the specimens from all areas as a single species. However, the
possibility that the geographically disjunct populations pipn-
sent crvptic sjiecies carmot be ruled out without fiuiher sludv

ixrnoDUci i()\

The genw^ l'riijilii/\)uin Bland and Hiniic\, IST.'i, consists
of nine rccogni/ctl species of arionid slugs eiuleniic to
nortliucstern Nortii .America (Turgcon et al., H)9Si. The
gCMHis occurs along the Pacific (loast of North \nicriea
from soiitiieastern .Maska to iiortliern California, e.isl (o
the Hock\ .Mountains in norlliriii Id.ilio and weslciii
Montana (Piisluy, 194S; V. Ileiulricks, pens, connn.); the
portion ol the range in (he Kock\ Mountains is disjunct
Irom the remaining range lailiiei- west, I'rDjilii/siinti nii-
(Icrsdiii ij, (;. ( .'oojier. 1872) .uid /' hmiiilr Cockercll.
ISyo. arc- till' onl\ two members nl ibe genus ibat ba\('
l)i'eii reporti'i! to occur in the l\(iek\ .Mountains iSmillr
1943; Pilshr), 194S; FresI and |oliannes, 2(){)())

Prophtjsauu ihihitim Cockercll. 1S90, is a dnninulixe
(S 20 mm in Icugtli wlien i'\ten<le(l) and poorK known
shig that is reported to range along the Pacific Coast
from nortliwestcrn Washington sonlli Ic ilbcin (Cali-
fornia (Pilsbrv. 19 IS; Hotli and Presslex, I9S3; Burke et
a!., 2000). \Ve report here on an nudociuneuled. disjuuc I
population of/' diihinin from the Kock\ .Momitiiins in
nortlierii Idaiio, and provide descriptions of the disliil
genitalia ol siiecimcTis from the states of Waslnngton.
Oregon, ;in(l Idaho.

.M.VrKKIALS AND \l KlllODS

We searciied lor terrestrial gastropods on and under
wood) (lel)ris and within leaf litter on tlie forest floor in
;i wide range of forested habitats in Washington State,
Oregon, and Idaho. We found Frojilti/.saon chihiiim at 10
localities in Washington State, one in (Jregon, and two
in uorthi'ni Idaho; |iin B;uigh provideil us witli speci-
mens from two adthtional localities in Washington State
(Appendix 1).

Sewnteen specimens from Washington State (records
1-.3 and 5-12 in Appendix 1), two specimens from
Oregon (record 13 in .Appendix 1) and three from Idaho
(record 14 in .Appendix U were dissected in the current
studv. Prior to dissection the specimcMis wcic photo-
graphed live, snl)se(jnentl\ tirowued in water, ;iud then
])resenctl in 70'^ ethauol. 0\u- description of the exter-
n.il appearance was b;ised on the examination of li\e
specimens. Tlie external appearance and the genitalia of
the specimens were i'\;unine{l under 7.5-fiOX maguifi-
c;itiou with a stereo-zoom microscope. The genitalia of
specimens from Thurston Countv. Washington (record 1
in -Appentlix U ;unl Kootenai (.'ountv. Id.iho (record 14
in -A[ipendi\ 1' weic drawn using camera lucida. .Addi-
liou;il specimens wci'e |ii('sei\ed in lOO'/f etiianol for
use in bilure geiu^tic studies. Dissected specimens have
been deposited in the collection at the (Jaruegie .Muse-
um ol N;itui-.d IlistoiA (C.M 1. I'ittshm-gh. Penn.svlvania,
US \: one speiimen luis been deposited at the Di'law;u"{>
Mnsenni ol N;itural Ilistorv (DM), Wilmington, Dela-
ware. USA.

liP.SUl.TS

Disruuir I ii)\ wn 11 \hi i w

In Id.ibo, we lound /' iliihiiiiii al two sites ;ippio\im;ilcl\
3(1 km .qi.iil \l (lie silc in Kootenai (,'ount\ (recoi'd 14
in \p|)endi\ 1 .ill ei^bt speeimeus were within ;m ;ip-
pidxim.ilek 1(1(1 m ■ Id m ,ire;i .iloiig (be b.ise ol ;i
s(ei'p, iiordi hieing slope abutting the lloodpkiiii ol
BeaiilN (.'reek. Most iiidixiduals (six ol eight' were lonnd
;iloug the edge ol ,i gr;iss\ clearing ;idj;icent to ;i western
henilock i I'sUiSii /'I'/criy)/;;///!-/ '-domin.iled forest; the two

W. F. Lt'Diianl el al.. 2003

Pa.re 63

Figure I. Pi'diilii/Mii'ii (liihiiim Ikhii Braiit\ ('reck. Kiinlciiai
Ckniiih", Idalio (top) ami WcMidaixl Ba\ Natural HrsDimc (j)ii-
senation Area, Thiustou ('iiunh, Washington (liiilliiiii ', Scair
bar = .Tunn.

ri'iiiaiiiiii'4 indix idiial^ \wyv on a talus sKipc hiaicatli
C'losi'il Inrrst caiii)|)\. One iiKli\ idiial was uu a ui()ss-c<)\-
frt'tl rock, six were uiuler wootK dehns. ami mu' was on
a cardlioard sheet jilaced on the y;rouiid to attract gas-
tropods. M the site in l^eiiewah ( 'onnt\ i lecoid 13 in
Appendix 1). tin- onl\ specimen was tonnd on the un-
derside ol a well-decaved birch {Bcluhi p<iptirij(ni) lo«j;
adjacent to Chatcolet Lake.

At iow'-elexation sites in \\ ashiii'j;ton ami ()re',;on.
specimens were hiuiid in mixed loicst, consisting:; ol
l)on>4las-fir (I'srnilulMi^d (liiii;^Iiisii) or western hemlock
{Tsii^d lictcnijilu/llfi) and bit;leaf maple {Acer iiiiicro-
j)hiflhtin). with abundant sword ferns {I'oli/sticlunn iitiin-
itiiiii) in the underston': specimens also were lonnd at
three hi<i;h-ele\ation sites, consisting ol monntain hem-
lock iTsuiia (/ir/-/c)i.s7rt)ir/)-tloininated forest with sparse
Dongias maple [Acer i^lahniin). .Specimens were lonnd
either under wootK ilehris (Ifi of 44 specimensi or on
fallen bii^leat maple leaxes (2S of 44 speciniens).

Evri:H\ \i, .\i'i'r: \i; \\( f wn Disi \i, (;i \i i \i i \

The external appeaiance ol the specimens Iv Id.ilio

\\'ashinij;ton, and ( )reifon is consistent w illi pubhshid de-
scriptions I Filsbn, 194.S: l^oth and Fressle\, \\)S:V_ fxellex
et ak, 1999) (Fisinre 1). The backiironnd cojoi' ol spec-
imens iiichuies \arious shades of brown, reddish-brown.

olixc, and ii,ra\. The mantle is alwa\s mottled to some
det^ree wilh binwii or 'j,ia\ pii^ment, which on soTue
specimens mer'^es to lorm dark stripes. The fool and to
a nnieh lesser extt'nt the mantle are marked b\ litilit-
brown, orantie. copjier. an(For <iold flecking. The imeu-
mostome is positioneil inuneiliatcK anterior ol mid-
mantle on the i'i'j,ht side. The inte'^innent ol both the
mantle and loot is co\ered with nnmerons cone-shaped
papillae. 13orsall\ the loot has a ni-txxork ol dark, loni^i-
tndinal lines associated with ij;r()o\es. which. lateralK,
run oblifincK (lownwai<l to tiie sole mart^in. .\ line ol
abscission is picseni on llie loot approximati'Kone-tifth
of the animals exlended IkkK leniftli anterior ol the pos-
tei'ioi' end

fnti'rnalK, the specimens Ikhu Idaho, ()rc'j;on. and
Washington are similar as well. .Specimens from Oregon
and W'asliintiton displa\ both witliin and betxveen-site
\ariabilit\ in the slia|ie and si/.e ol the ejacnlaton' (distal)
portion of tlie epijihallns. The shape of the distal epi-
phallus \aries from obloni;, to circular. Eacli of the three
specimens from Idaho displa\s a sausage-shaped distal
epiphallus (Figure 2i. None of the specimens examined
for this stndx had an ejaculaton' epiphallus that exceeil-
ed 2 mm in length and in most indixiduals the length
was bai"el\ I nun, Shareil characteristics among speci-
mens Irom all three states include a broad and elongated
\agina lor Iree o\idnet), a long, slender, and convoluted
epiphallus leading up to the distal ejaculatoi-v portion,
and a small hairpin-shaped jienial loop consisting ol a
short, slendei- t'onneeling duct antl a slightly thicker-
walled penis, whiih in turn inserts on the atrium. The
spermatheca (=bursa eopulatrix) and spermatheeal duct
are similarK proportioned in specimens from all areas,
but the length of the duct v.iiied Irom imlixidnal to in-
di\idual. The small ovotestis consisteil of approximateK
L5 — 30 lobules, each of which was tipped with black pig-
ment,

DISCUSSION

DlsIHIBl'TlOX

PrexionsK, /' (Inhiiim was known Irom tlie eastern slopes
of the (Cascade .Mountains to the OKinpic Mountains in
Washington, and south to northwestern California
(Cockerell. 1S90: Filsbrx. 194S: Branson and Branson,
19S4; Roth and Fresslev, 19S3; Kellev et al„ 1999; Mc-
CJraw et ak, 20021. Our records Irom kkilio extend the
range of the species wcsfwaid to the Rock"\' .Mountains
(Figure 3). Betxvcen tiie Pacific coastal and Rock-x
.Mountain distributions lies the Columliia Basin, an arid
shmb-steppe pi-o\Jnce in the rain sliadow ol the Cascade
Range (Franklin and D\rness. 19SS; Bnmsfeld et al.,
2001): this aiea is nusnif.ible lor gastropods that require
mesic loicsl liabit.ils ( !onsec|uentK, tin- Rock"X' Monu-
lain distribution ol /' iliihiiiiii appeals to be (hs]imcl
lidui Pacific coastal popiilalioiis, a distiiliutioiial pattern
shared with numerous plants, animals, ami limgi (Slater
and Slipp. 1940a, b; Ko/loff, I95S; Briggs, 1971, 1974:
Shear, 197fi; Knghoff, 19S.5; Barnosk-x et ak, 19S7; John-

Page 64

THE NAUTIIAJS. Vol. 1 17. NO. 2

gonopore

gonopore

1 mm

l-'ii;urf 2. ( .('iiil.ili.i 111 I'ltijiliiisiKiii (liihiiiiii liDiii BraiiK
(ji-ck. Kootenai C^ounlw Idaho (iijipcri (CM (ill.").>! and Wno-
dard I5a\ Natnral Resonrcc Conscnation \ica rlnnsloii
(;oMnt\, XX'a.sliinsiton dowcrl (CM 64150). KP: r|ii|ilialliis; MH;
Muscnlar hodv of cpihallns: I'lv penis; SI' spi rniatlicra:
SP()\': spcrinovldnci: \ 1): \ as (Iclcicns \ \: \at;ina.

son. 1987; Lorain. 1988; FcthIci' iiml McKia FcikIct.
1990; .Slicllcw 1993, 199l;i, li. c: Wilson and l.arsen
1999: Brunsrcld el al. 201)1: \(rlson ct ;d.. 20(11 '. \ai\-
injj patterns ol dillerentialion. \)\i lo spceies Icxrl lia\e
i)een docnniented to acconi|ian\ this spatial dispnulKiK
in dilTcrent orsianisins (Brinisleld et al, |20011 and icl-
erencx's cited therein).

I5lST\l, (ilAITM.IA

All spcx'iniens that we examined have a \er\ lai<4e \a14ina
that is proportionalK' broader than shown 1)\ I'ilshn
(1948) for Oregon speeiTnens. Moreover the epiphallns
is approxiniaIeK the same lentith ;is the speeinien. not

Figure 3. I^istrihntion ot /'ru/i/ii/swoii diihilinh Closed eirt'lcs
= specimens e\;inuned 1)\ us; open circles = records Ironi
lilciatme (Cockerell. IS9(), Pilshn. 194S. Branson ;ind Bran-
son. 19S4(: triani;l(>s = rccortls that have lieen n'ported to ns
1)\ n'^ion.il experts (John .Ajipleiiartli. Sle\e Do!. in. N<inc\
Dniie.in Tiiiii ki>''nt, ;uid Barn Hotlil

twice its length as reported In Pilsl)|-\ (194S'; our lind-
iU'j,s are eousisleiil Willi those of Koss iiiid I'resslex
(I9S."5) lor a spei'imeii Irom (,'alilornia.

The tieiiitalia of the lliree specimens liinu Idaho are
similar to those ilhisli:iled In Hoss and l'ressle\ U983).
The ejaenlaton poitioii ol the epipli;illi]s ol these spec-
imens is sausa<j;e-sliaped .lud siuiil.u. hnl miieli smaller
pKipoiiinualK. to that ot the s|)ecimen Irom Oretion pic-
Imcd li\ I'ilsluA > 1()4S\ None of our specimens Irom
Idaho, ( )ieL;oii. or Washington li.ixe .m ej,U'iilator\ jior-
lioii that exceeded 2 mm in len<];th. xxhich is m siiarp
contrast with the ilhistration in I'ilslin ( I94S; p. (-)94. (i'j;.
.'>79'. in which llus stinetiire is shown lo lie aliout ,") 111111
in length

Some (il ihe speemieiis Irom Washington liaxe ;i small,
spheroid- or ciii^-shaped ejaenlaton portion ol the epi-
phallns, dilTeicul Irom tli(- same structure picliuiil li\
licilli I'llshiv I 10 IS and Holh and I'resslex (lOS.Vi. In-
IcK'slintik, the eiaculatoi-\ portion ol the epiphallns ol
these Wasliiu<j;loii specimens is similar in shape and pro-
portions lo that draxvn In Filshrx' ( 194S; p. 09.). liii. .■578)
lor /' (ornilciiiii ( !onse(|nentK. these Washington spec-
imens easilx could lie mistaken lor /' ciHnihum were it
not lor the distinctive exti'inal char.icters ol /' i/iihiiiiii.

W. V. Leonard ct al.. 2003

'aec fio

^^

Figure 4. A cluster oi t'gg.s cit I'rojiliijMhm iliilnimi pliotii-
graplic'il on VJ Marcli 2003, approxiiiiatcl\ Imir ila\s hclDir
liatfliing. Tlie part'iit (record 12 in Appendix i ' «as lollcrtrd
on 13 December 2002 and eijgs were depoMled m tiie lalio-
raton on 15 Deccnil)i i 2003. Scale l>ar = 1 nun.

siicli as papillcise integinrient and dark markings on tlie
mantle.

OiH' description ol tlie features ol tlie gi'nitalia ol
specimens ti'om Washington represents the inatnri' con-
dition, because llie specimen from Wiiodaid 15a\ (record
1 in Appendi.\ 1 I deposited a cluster of 14 eggs lap-
proximateK 1.3 X 1.2 nnn diameter shortly after being
laid) in the laboraton on 22 [aniian 2002. .\Ioreo\er,
specimerrs liom Kraus Ridge (record 5 in .Appendi.x 1)
laid clnsters of b and II eggs (mean egg si/e = 2.1 X
1.5 mm. SI) = 0.2 for both the length anti width, n =
9) (F"igure 41 in the laboraton- on 15 December 2003.
Although no eggs wi-ie obtained from the Idaho speci-
mens, thi'ir compaiabK de\floped genitalia lead us to
beliexe that these animals were se\nali\ malmc as well.

T\\ii\(i\ii( Sr\TUS

Tlie external .ippearance and gross anatoiii\ ol the re-
productive swstem, whicli showed onK minor individual
differences, suggest that our specimens from likiho.

()regoii. iind Washington belong to the same species,
l'ii>i)lnjs(ioii (luhiuni I'lilil molecular studies ckiiifx re-
lationships we suggest that both the t'oastal |io|inlalioiis
and the ilisjunct Idaho populations ol /' cliihiiiin should
be treated as a single species. \\ c cannot explain the
discrepancies between the description of distal genitalia
1)\' Pilsbn' (194^1 and our own obsenations on 22 dis-
sected specimens from three states, including specimens
from the t\pe localitx and Iroiii a site near one of I'ils-
bn's sites in northern Ori'gon.

.\dilitional field studies are reijiiired to establish the
distribution and relative alHindance of P (Inhiiiin in the
Hockv Momilams Moreover, a range-wide genetics
studv would prov iile important iidorniation on the de-
gree of differentiation between the klalio and Pacific
coastal populations, and will be crucial to the tlevelop-
ment of an appropiiate conseiAation strateg\ for these
populations.

ACKXOWLFncMKXTS

W'l.' thank |im Baiigh. Tom Burke. N'icki and .Mi'gan Le-
onaril. Brad .Moon. ( 'asev Kichart, Robin Shoal, and
loan Ziegltriim lor assistance collecting specimens. We
are grateful to |olin .Vpplegarth, Steve Dolan, Xancv
Duncan. Tom Kognt. and Barn Roth for providing ad-
dition,il localitv let'ords used to create Figure 3, and
both Baiil flendiicks (Montana Natural Heritage Pro-
gram) and |ochen (Berber (The Field Museum. Chicago)
for providing information on the distribution of Pro/i/i//-
saoii huiiiilc ill Montana. We are especiallv grateful to
(,'asev Richart for making the photograph of F ihihiiim
eggs used in figure 4. This paper lienefited from the
thoughtful comments ol an aiionvinous reviewer. More-
over, we are grateful to Tim Pearce for providing com-
ments on an earlier tlralt of the manuscript and for gra-
eionslv accepting dissetled specimens for the collections
at both the Dekivvare .Miisenm ol Natm'al Histon' and
the tvaniegie Museum. Kellv Seiulall allowed us to use
facilities at the Roval British (.'ohmibia Museum ioi" the
preparation of Figure 2.

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AFI'KXniX 1

Spceiiiieiis ol I'rophiiMioii (hihiinii ex;iiiiiiie(l lor this
sliulv

\\ (islnii'_il(iii

I, \\(i(i(l;iiil Hav N.iliual liesdiii'ee ( Jiiiserv ;iti(ni ,\rea.
Tliiiisliiii ('oinitv; elevation 1.5 in iihovc sea level
(asl); 17 S.()(S' N. 122" .51.04' W; 17 ]:)ceeiiil)(T
2001. 2 M.uch 200.3 d speeiineu. eolleeteil liv K,
Slioal. ami |. /iegitruiu; 1 specimen 1.5 iiiiii extend-
ed lengtli vvliije in movement, eolieeted In W. Le-
on.ml ; (.A I (i 1 1.50. (;.\1649S3,

2 I'riisl riiml I', irk. Olvrnpia. rlmrstmi Coimlv; eli'-
\;iti<iii 20 ni ,isl; 17 0 1,.55' \. 122' .5.3.80' \\';'5 Jan-
nan 200.'5 ll sjieeimeii Hi iinn extended length
vvliile in movement, i-olleeted l)v \\, Leonardi;
(Aid 1077,

.'5, Woddknul (acek. St. .Martins College. Tinirston
Coimtv; .58 111 asl; -17 ()2..5()' N. 122"4S.17' W ; I I
Novcmher 2002. .iiid 2 Deeemher 2002 (9 sjieei-
niens collected In W, Leoiuird); (Alfi4978.
I. Toimie State i^ark. rliiirston (!oimlv; 10 in as); 47°
07,08'N. 122° 46.fi2'W; 9 iM'hniarv 200:i il sjieei-
ineii 1.1 mm extended length vvliile in movement,
eolieeted bv W , Leoii.ird): C.N! 64876.

5. Selialer State Park, .Mason (,'oinit\: 50 m asl; 47°

W. \\ Lcouanl ct al.. 2003

Paw- 67

05. So' N, 123° 27.37' \\': 3 JaniiaiT 2003 i I I sp<v
iinciis rantiiny; lichvffii 10 and 15 niiii cxlniilrd
lrnu,tli [iiicaii = 12.5 null] wiiile in in(i\rnicnl, col-
lected l)\ W. Leonard and C:. Rieliart): (:MH4979.

(i. I leadwaters of Porter Creek. ( Capitol Fore.st, Thnrs-
ton CdhiiIn: elcxation 350 in asl: 47"01..3:V \, 123°
07.02' W: 20 januan 2001 (3 .specimens, collected
In W. i.eonard): DM 22iaS4.

7. O.fi km west olOnalaska post olfice, Lewis Connt\:
elevation 75 m asl: 4fi° 34.55' N, 122° 43.53' \\:\)
janiiarv 2002 (1 specimen, collected li\ W. Leo-
nard'; CM 64149.

S. Centralia, Lewis ('(>nnt\: elexation (iO in asl; 46°
43.3' N, 122° 56.62' \V; 5 |aiiiKi|-\ 200:5 (4 specimens
rantiiny; between 11 and IS mm extended leiiu;lli
I mean = 14 mm] wliile in moxemenl. collected li\
C. Kicliart); CM649S0.

9. Soiitli side of State Route 2, 3.2 km west ol Sle\ens
Pass sninmit, Mt. Baker-Snoijnalniie .National For-
est, Kinii Conntx"; elexation 1100 ni as!; 47° 44.62'
N, 121° 7.20' \V: 7 May 2001. 27 September 2001
(2 specimens, collected In W. Leonard);
DM221686, CM 64154.
10. Toll Creek, W'enatchee National Forest (Interstate
90 site #30). Kittitas Conntv; ele\atioii 747 m asl;
47° 17.63' N. 121° 17.13' W; 2 JiiK 2001 i I speci-
men, collected b\' |. Baugh, maintained in capti\it\
until October 2()()2); CM' 64151.

II Kendall l'e;iks Likes Weiiatcliee National Forest,
kitlit.is Coimtv; ele\ation 1340 m asl: 47° 25.93' N,
121° 22.69' W'; 31 |uK 2001 (1 specimen, collected
!)\" |. Baiigli. maintained in capti\it\ until ( )ctober
2()0'2); CM 64152.

12. Kraiis Hidge. (nllord Piiicliot N;itional Forest, Lew-
is Count)-; ele\ation 400 m asl; 46° 26.70' N, 121°
57,83' \V; 13 December 2002 (4 specimens, collect-
ed In T. Bmk,' ;m(l W Leonard); CM649S1.

1.3. .\insworlli Sl;ile I'ark ( .'ampgi'oimd, .Nhillnomali
Conntv; 70 m asl; 45" 35.88' N, 122° 02.58' W: 14
L)ecember 2002 (3 specimens, collected bv W. Le-
onard); CM649S2.

14. BeaiitA' Creek at Caribou Hidge Trailhead, Idalio
Panliandle National Fori'st, Kootenai C^ountx; ele-
\atiou 640 111 ;isl; 47° 36.,35' N, 116° 40.15' W; 21
April 2002 (8 specimens, collected b\ |. l^aiigli, T.
Burke, and W. Leonard); CM 64153.'

15. He\burn State Park, Benew;ili Couiitv: elexation
65() m asl; 47° 21.13' N. 1 16° 46.68' \V:'l5 Septem-
ber 2002 ( 1 |ii\eiiili' specinu'ii. I'ollected b\ T iiiirke
and W. Leonard) (specimen iisi'd lor genetic studies;
photographs in personal collection of \^''L).

THE NAUTILUS 117(2):6.S, 2003

Page 68

Erratum

111 till' article In I'astnriini liii).): l(v llic smkiumiis dI Aiiuildd josfiiirli)st slioukl read:

AnciUaria Tmikcn illct Swaiiisnn, — Dall. ISiJO: olO.

Ancilhihd dimidiatd Sowerhx. — Strehel. 19()S: 25. pi 1 (i<4s. 2a-e.

Ancilla dhnidiala (Sowerhv). — Smith, 1915: 96, )uin Snufiln. 1S59, iivc Sowi-iln. 1S92: Marnis ami Marcus, 196S,
figs. 1-9 (anatomv); Rio.s, 1970: 102, pi. 32: 1975: 111. pi. ?■,?■,. lig. 472; 19S5: HI. pi. 38. fig. 491; 1994: 143, pi,
46. fig. 613: Figu'ciras ;in(! Sitvinli. 1973: 264. pi. 15. fig. 193; Staraliinn. 1977: 191, pi. 3. fig. 8; CaKo. 19S7;
164, fig. 148.

Ancilla taiikcnilici S\\.i\\\su]\. — l'\Tii;iii(lfZ, 1965: figs. 1—1: ( iastt-llaiKis. 1970: 121, pi. 9, fig. 7, lunt Swainson. 1 S25.

LITERATURE C;iTEI)

Pastorino. G. 2003. .\ ncxi spt-iii'S ol Aiicillaiiinai' ((Gastropoda: OlixiiLicl Iroiii the soiitliwcstcin .Mlaiitit Oci-aii. rlic Nautilus I 1 ,
1.5-22.

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THE NAUTILUS

Volume 117, \' timber 3
October 28. 2003
ISSX 0028-13 f 4

A qiiartcrhj devoted
to malacology.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

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The B;iile\-Mattliew.s Shell Museum
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EDITOR EMERITUS

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THE^NAUTILUS

Voliiinc 117, Xmitlxr 3

October -IH. 2003

CONTEXTS ^^^"^^ 002S-1344

Luiz Rieardo L. Sinione Vsi iidoiiurtilind riimil/i. a new spcfics (( ^otx'iiliiiitnniiia:

Carlo Magcnla da C^unlia l\i'iul()r(n-i.iilliiiilac) Irum oil sniitlicaslcni Hra/il 69

Monica A. Fernandez Distiiliiitinii ni {\n- indDiliKfd rrcsliwalcr snail MrlniiDidi's

SiKana Tliienno liilx iiiil/iliis i( ^astrcipdda: Tliiaridac) in Bra/il 78

Luiz Kieardo L. Sinione

Carlo Snn-inlio I Inniiclin iis sj/socrr a ik-w species (Neotfastropoda:

Paolo Marioltini Drilliidac) Imni llic iiDitliwestcrn Indian Ocean 83

Roland Houart Desciiplmn nl Scdhrdlrojiliini iii\iiinilniii new species

((iastiopoda: Minieidael liuni \aniiatn 87

.S^■en N. Nielsen Ni-w and liUlc known species of INendoli\ idae

Daniel Frassinetti ((;astropoda) Ironi llie leitian olCliile 91

Notice 97

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NOV 5 2003

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THE NAUTILUS 1 17(.3):69-77. 2003

Paec> 69

FscudococcuJiwa rinmla, a new species (Cocciilinifoniiia:
Pseudoeocculinidae) from off southeastern Brazil

Luiz Ricardo L. Sinionc
Carlo Magenta C.'iinlia

\liisiii di' Zoiilii',:,],! ila I iiiM'isulaili'

lie Siio Faiild
( .aixa Postal 42594
04299-970 sail I'aiiln
BRAZIL
IrsiinoneCs'ii'-p l)r

ABSTRACT

FsriulococciiliiKi riiiiula, new species, is deseribed. It oeeurs
(}|| tlie state ot Rio de Janeiro, in sontlieasteni Brazil, at 350-
400 111 depth. This is tlie fist report of the ^einis in tlie .-Xthmtie
Oeean. The main ihaj^nostie characters ol the new species are:
shell high, lacking radial scnlptiirt'; snout Hat. somewhat in-
\()l\ed b\' oral lappets; posterior odontophore cartilages con-
nected to anterior one in median line: ^onad connected to pos-
terior end of pallial caxits' li\' a gonoduct runnmg transwrsalK
and dorsalK- in \isceral mass; sperm dnct inostK' closed (tn-
hular), prostate located inside n'j,lit tentaclo: sperm ilnct open-
ing in a snhterminal papilla.

Addiliniiiil kiiiitiiids .\nafiim\. southwestern Athmtic. Rio de
Janeiro

IXTKODUC.TION

Tlie C^oecitliiiitnniiia encompasses taxa with an eni<Tinat-
ie set ol primitive and derixate features. Its closest
groups are \et to lie determined, and it is still question-
alili- wlietlu-r the taxon is monoplnletie. Tliexare usualK'
minute, patellilorm gastropods living in the deep sea.

Two papers lia\i' lieen pulilished dealing with eoeen-
liniform gastropods lonnil in deep waters off Brazil: Si-
mone (1996) deserilied an addisoniid. anil Leal and Si-
mone (20001 nanieii a pseuiloeoeeuliTiJil. Both papers
provided anatoiiiie:il nilormatiou. which is \ital hir nn-
derstaniling the svstematies of the group. Fuithei- data
on western .Vtlantic eoceuliuihirmians have lieiMi provid-
ed bv McLean and llarasewAi-li l 199.5) and Leal ami
Harasewveh (1999),

The present jiaper pidvides tlie ileseiiplinn ol a thud
Brazilian species, which was collected In an otter trawl
oil the coast ol Sao Banio State, in sontliea.stern Brazil.

M ATLRI AI.S A\n MFTIIODS

The specimeirs were dissected using staudard tech-
niques, under a steieomicroscope and immersed in fix-

ative. The li:nil structures (railnia and shell) were also
examineil in a SL,M in the Lalioratinio de Mieroscopia
Eletronica do MZSP, also using tiaditioual teclmiijiies.
All drawings were made v\ itii the aid of a camera Ineida.
Ahhreviatioiis used in the figures are: an, anus; ap, ap-
eiture ol goiKidnct; au, ;iuriele; bin, hueeal mass; br,
suhniduhu' nieuilirane; bs, l)lootl sinus; ee, cerebral gan-
glion; c'>, lienidial vein; dc, dorsal chamber of buccal
mass; dd, duet lo digestive gland: df, dorsal fold of buc-
cal mass; dg, ihgestiv e gland: di, diaphragm-like septnm
separating buccal mass fiom visceral mass: ef, esopha-
geal folds; ep, epipoilimn; e.s. esophagus: et, epipodial
tentacle; fs, loot sole; ft, foot: gb, gonoduct; gi, gill; go,
goiuiil; he, IkmiI; bm, head nmsele; in, intestine; jw, jaw:
kl, left kidiiev; kr, right kiilnev: ml— in8, extrinsic and
uitriusic odontophore muscli's: nib, mantle edge; nic,
mouth sphincter; nif, m;nitle folil; nij, jaws, buccal, and
oial tube muscli'S; mo, month: oc, anterior odontophore
cartilage; od, odontophore; ol, or;il lappet; ov, ovai"v: pe,
peiicardiuni: po, posterior odontophore I'artilage: pp,
papilla ol copulaloi'V leiit;iele: pt, jirostate; pu, pedal
ganglion; ra, radula; ni, radular mieleus; rs, radular sac;
rt, rectinu; se, snbr;iilulai' cartilage: sd, sperm duct: sc,
chamber origiiuitiug esophagus and separating oilouto-
phore in buccal uklss: .sni, shell muscle; sn, snout: st,
stomaiii; te, cephalic tentacle; tg, integument; tp, cop-
uhiton right cephalic tentacle; ts, testis: ve, ventricle:
vm, visceral mass.

Institutional abbreviatioirs used are; .\1N1L\, .Musi iini
National dllistoire Naturelle, Paris, France; M\li|,
\lnsen Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de |a-
neiro, Rio de [aneiro, Brazil; MZSP. Mnsen de Zoologi;i
da L'niversiikide de S;io Paulo. S;io P;iuIo, Br;i/il.

SV.STF.MATICS

(a'uns l'\iU(ltiiiu-(iilhiii Sehepmau. 1 90S

T\pe species: Psiudovocculiiui ni^osoplicdlii Schep-

Page 70

THE NAUTILUS, \ol. 1 17. No. 3

iiKiii, 19()S. In' siil)SfC|iU'nt (Icsiiiiiation. Wen/. 19.yS.
p. 450.

PscudococculiiKi riiiiiilii new species
(Figures l-.3())

Diagimsis: Sliell liigli. anterior re(j;ion stroiigK coii-
ca\t'. Sculpture oi eonecntric- uiululatioirs and tlireails.
Snout flat, surrounded hv oral lappets. |a\\ plates thin.
Posterior odontoiihore earlilaiies eonneetcd to anterior
one along median line. ( ionad i-oiuieeted lo posterior
enil of pallial ea\it\ In a gonodnet that runs trairsxersalK
anil dorsalK in visceral mass. Sperm duct mostK closed
itnliular^ opi'uing in a sulileriiiinal jiapilia. prost.ile in-
side right tentacle.

Desei-iption: Shell (Figures 1—4, 6-10) patellii'orm.
lengtli up to 3 nun, high (height fSO-709^ ol' length),
white. relati\el\ thick. Protoconcli (Figures 6. 7) with
one whorl, plauispiral. coiled towards \entral region,
with a papilla-like projection on each side oriented along
direction ol coiling; outer surlace smooth, opaijue. Te-
leoconch opaijUc. scniptni'e oi strong, conuii.irginal
growth lines and threads. Ape\ high, cuned \entrall\
and posteriorK; situated along median line oi sliell, clos-
er to posterior region, .\nterioi' region eon\e\, posterior
region weaklv concave. Inner surface gloss\'. Muscular
scar horseshoe-sliaped (conca\it\ anterior) (Figures 9.
10', narrow posteriorK, thick anteriorh; antt'rior ends
ciuAcd toward dorsal and posterior regions.

lIcdd-fiKit f F/gfircv 2. //-/S', lleail [irolimlt'd. oei'u-
pving about 1/3 of total \ohmie ol hi'ad-loot. Snout well
developed, somewhat Hat, edges broad, flat, extending
externalK iFignres 1-1-17). Oral lappets (lateral expan-
sions on snout 1 large, covering mosi iil anterior half ol
animal bod\. C^cplialic tentacles as\ nnnetiical, right ten-
tacle 50 7c larger tlian left tentacle (Figures Ifi. ]7\ act-
ing as copnlaton organ idetaiK below i l-'oot sok\ or
mesopodiuni, flat, thick, occupving mosI ol veuti'al sm-
face (Figures 2. 14); anterior edge wiHi a xen n.iniiw
and shallow furrow. Epipodi\un :ib()nt 'j ol shell width.
lorming a ffat flap, inserted between mesopodiuni and
mantle; Iree edge with 2 p;iiis ol lenlacles on each side.
inner tentacles longer and slender onler tentacles slioii-
er and broader (Figure IS). Shell nmscle horseshoc-
shajied. jiosterior region nari'ow il''ignre 15 L light hall
broader and thicker than lelt hall; shell muscle gr;idu;ill\
becomes thicker toward anlerioi' region; on poslerioi' re-
gion of liead. sliell nmscle turns ;ibin])ll\. first in dorsal.
then in posterior direction. Paired head nmscles origi-
nate as contiimatious ol die aiileld dois;il end ol shell
muscle (Figure 15); right niiisele slighdv llaller ;ind
liroader than lelt muscle; both nm tow;ii(l mid-.inleiior
region immersed in tegument, lorming a \ -slia|)ed slrnc-
tiu'c; both muscles attach, spicading out. into median
region ol head wall (Figure 20).

Mantle On^aiis fF/'gi/rcv 5, /ft. 17. IfJi: Pallial c;i\il\
shallow, sliorter tliau 1/3 ol ;mimal Icni'th. Nhmlle edge

simple. wcakK bilobed. Cill relatively small, with about
15-20 hkiments. l(4l end close to Inner edge of lelt
liranch ol shell muscle; gill narnnvs gradualK' towards
right, curving posteriorK, nmning between mantle and
right branch ol outer edge ol slu'll nmscle, up to about
mid-length ol animal. Gill filaments low. triangular, rod
narrow, located in anterior edge. Ctenidial vein con-
touring anterior part of gill edge. Low and long glan-
dular fold jiresent left hall ol gill and mantle edge. Rec-
tum ;ind pericardial structures located in posterior re-
gion ol root ol pallial ca\it\'. just posterior to gill, as di'-
scrilu'd below.

Msccnil Mass iFi^^ure 15): Compressed xcntralK b\'
loot and shell muscle. Stomach occupying central region,
surrounded In digestixe gland and intestine. Cionad lo-
cated in postero-xeutnil region, betxveen txvo intestinal
loops. Digestive gland pale-brown, with small spots
lorming a net-like mosaic. CJonad cream-coloreil. A thin
(li;iphragni-like membrane separates buccal mass Irom
remaining posterior structures (Figure 20, di): this mem-
brane inserted in haemocoel surrounding buccal mass:
onl\ esophagus, anterior aorta and visceral nencs pass
ihidiigh membrane.

Cirnildliini aud Exrirtonj Si/striiis (Figures 5. 15, 19):
Pericardinm ;ind both kidnexs Hatteuetl dorso-ventrally,
sitiKiled in roof of pallial caxitv, betxvi'cn gill and pos-
terior end of this cavitx'. Pericardium broad, about txvice
heart area, located between lelt end ol gill and left
branch of shell muscle. Auricle triangular its right side
attached to pericardium caxitv, contouring gill end with
a concMvitv ; insertion of ctenidiiil vein somewhat broad
in its anterior region; connection with \(>ntricle narrow,
posterior N'entricle small and thick, muscular locatc^d
posteiior to ;inricle. close to rectum, \oii;i vcia small,
posleiior ;iud at left Irom ventricle. Left, anterior kidnex'
elliplic;il, llatl<>ned. solid; located between gill posterior
region and reeluiii. touching this latter Hight. jiosterior
kidnev, loiigei ;iii(l naiidwer situated on othei' side of
leetuni ;il s;niie levi'l of lelt kidnex, extending little be-
vciiid il tow;inl light.

Dii^cs/iic Si/slcni ( Fi<ntn's 2()~3()): Mouth a transversal
slit located on autero-ventral region ol snout (Figures
I 4. 20'. Huce;il s|ihiueter (Figure 23. inc) well-developed
and thick, Hiiei;il iiKiss ven' large, about h:ilf ol hae-
iiKieiiel length, Oial tube ven short, broad. vv;ills thick,
muscular; inner surface^ with low transxersal lolds. Buc-
cal mass \-slia|ied. odoutophore and eso|ihagns I'epre-
senting respectivelv veuti;il and dmsal Inauehes. Inner
smiaee of dors;il wall of bnc-cal mass with pair ol bi'oad
dors;il folds (Figure 2S) that imite anteriorlx. edges high-
ei III then iiiiibregioii. Doi'sal chamber (dc) (delimited
liv both dorsal folds' relativc^lv deep ;m(l broad; iimcr
suikice smooth, |;iw pkites verv thin, color pale brown;
anterior cwA rounded, situated just anterior to connec-
tion of dorsal folds (Figures 21. 23. 2S); |iosteri()r end
ineiiiispicuous, gr;idiKillv vve;iker in poslerioi' direction
up III pdsteiior level ol odoutophore iusi'i'tioii, ( )donto-

L. H. L. SiiiKiiic ami C. Magenta. 2()()o

Paw 71

Figures 1-10. I'snidonniiiliiiii liiniilii new spcT-ics. |-.'J. Dcirsal, \riilial. ami lateral dell ) \ lews ol holohpc |M'i(ir to extraction
ot spcciiiK'ii In.iiii sIr'II, Sialc liar = O.olt iiiiii. 4. I'ai.it\pi'. \oiiii'^ spciiiiuiL SKM, dorsal \ie\\. scale liar = 11.20 nnii. 5. Mool ol
pallial ca\it\' and adjacent portion ol pericardi.il striictnriA. \enlral \ie\\. Ili;lil niicrograpln. carnnne staui. Scale liar = 0.25 nun. (i.
Protoconch, SEM. dorsal \le\v Scale liar = O.Oo inni. 7. Same lateral ri>j;lit side' \ie\\. scale liar = 0.02 mm. S-10. Panitxpi-.
adult specinuai. Sl-^M. lateral lelt side . olilii|iie rl^lit'. ami miiIimI mcws Scale liar = 0..")(l mm

Page 72

THE NAUTILUS, \'ol. 117. No. .3

Vim

Fil^iircs I l-i:i. l\i tuliu luciiliiiii niiiiilii new s|ii'iics ShAI ol r.idiil.ii li-rlli Siair liars - "ill Hi .iiiil III [jLiii ri-spi-rtn clw

plinic [ica]-slia|)c(l. ucfU[niiig most ol liia-fal mass \ol-
iinic. Oiloiitopliorc niuscle.s (Figures 23-30): ml, si'rics
ol small and thin innsclc^s connecting hnccal mass to ad-
jacent inner surface ol liaemocoel. more i-oncentrated
aroinul month; ml a, pair ol narrow jngal muscles, orig-
inating in antero-\entral region ol inner surface ol snout.
running in postero-dorsal direction and inserted in \cn-
tral-posterior region orodoutopliore on lateral region of
posterior cartilages; mj, pairol muscles moving oral tuhe
and jaws, originating in mid-\eutra! region of odoiilo-
phoi'e. coulonring anterior edge of posterior cartilages.
nnuiing toward anterior region, in.sertion spread out he-
tween oral tuhe and dorsal wall of hnccal mass; m3,
single trans\-ersal muscle. \en thin, located just wutral
to origin of esophagus in hnccal mass, uniting hotli siiles
ol postero-dorsal surlac(> ol odontophore; m4, large pair
ol dorsal tensor muscles ol suhrailnlar memhrani'. oiig-
inating in latero-xcntral surlaces of anterior cartilages,
running toward dorsal region, surrounding these carti-
lages and io\ering most ol their surlaces. juserting along
suhradular memhrane in its exposed i functional) region;
a short portion also originates Irom posterior cartilages,
in their latero-\cntral surfaces; mo, pair of ventral tensoi-
innscles ol radnla, originating in posterior edge of ]ios-
terior cartilage, rumiing toward meso-dorsal region, con-
toiuing posterior edge ol anterior cartilage, iirserting In
ventral surface ol radular rihhon in posterior half of lis
exposed region: m5, a coutlnnatiou of m4: m(), liorl/on-
tal uniscle, single, thin, uniting both anterior laililagcs
along their hmer-vcntral I'dges; m8, pair of ai)|)roximalor
innscles of cartilages, connects anterior and posterior
|)airs ol cartilages, originating from relativcK large areas
ol \eiitral surlace ol anterior cartilages, inserting in an-
terior and Inner edge of jiosterior cartilage: ml la, pair

of uaridw \eii(ral tensor muscles ol railnla. oiiginating
in median corner ol [losterior cartilages, running toward
anterior region on ventral surface of oilontophore close
to its median line, inserting in ventral end of suhradular
membrane. Other odontophore non-uuiscular struc-
tures; <)c, anterior ]iair of cartilages, elliptical. Hat. soft.
slightK shorter than odonlophore length, anterior end
hroadK pointed, posterior enil hlnnt; po, posterior pair
ol cai'tilages. length about '/i of anterioi' cartilagi's. some-
whal <-ircnlar flat, onfei' surlace convex, inner surface
concave, covering postero-external surlace of anterior
cartilages; both pairs ol cartilages lused with each other
along their medi;in coiner i Figure 29); br, suhradular
nu'iiibranc. Included in radular sac ami extending be-
vond il, c-ovcring exposed surlace ol odontophore within
buccal cavllv. connecting vvitli lining of oral cavitx': .sc,
suhradular c;ulilage. a thin. trausp;ui'nt but strong nieni-
brane coimecled In snlir.idiihir nu'iiibrane, covering part
ol exposed ])or(ion ol odontophore In buccal cavitv (Fig-
ure 21). Hadular s;ie with about same length of odon-
tojihore. cm-vt'tl In Its middle portion, located in middle-
right retiiou ol visceral mass (Figures 20. 21). Kadular
nucleus covered bv a conspicuous membrane surround-
ing ;i blood sinus (Figure 23). located in left-ventnil re-
gion of visceral nuiss.

Kadnla asv nniK'tric;il. teeth rows olfset

l)V

row

height: rachldian teeth apparentiv in level ol right half
rows Hailiihii teeth i l'"ignres 11-13): 1) Rachidiau an-
tero-|)osteriorK long, laterallv narrow; base Hat. with
edges slighllv elevated; distal cutting edge concave, low.
(■lined inward: 2) Lateral teeth in five pairs; 2a) first
later;il loolh triangular, as long as rai-hidian. base broad.
Ihil. sliiiiled; rem, lining region narrowing gradnallv; tip
broadiv pointed, cimed inward: 2b) second, tlilicf ;iiid

L. H. L. Siinone and C. MaWMita. 2()():)

Paet- 73

Pt tp pp

Figures 14-17. }\('iuliHi>iinliiui riiiiiiln new sprrics, analciiii\. 14. Ileail-lciiil and adjarciil mantle cdaie, \entral view. 15. W'liole
animal extracted Ikjui sliell. dorsal \ie\\. rool ol pallial ca\it\ partialK' renioxed, 16. Whole ,inimal, anterior \ie\\. rool ol pallial
eavitN sectioned at on right side then deflected to expose inner strnctnres. 17. IIe;id and adj.icent pallial strnetnres. anterior ihnt
sliijhtK fnini ri<j;ht side' \iew, roof ol pallial ea\itT.' defli'Cted, Scale hars = 0,5 nnn.

tdurtli latei.il tt'ftli ei|ual to each other, first tooth slii^lit-
1\' smaller, approxiiiiateK' hali size oi rachiclian, situated
at same level ot hroader resjioii oi first lateral tooth; base
somewhat narrow and short, situated at sona' distance
from adjacent teeth in same row'; hiteial eds^e high,
cuned ohli(juel\, tip shaqiK pointed, high, cni-ved in-
ward: 2c) ontermost lateral tooth as long as rachidian,
thick, cxlindrical; base narrow, increasing gradnallv to-
wards tlistal end; dist.il end expanding abrnplK. with
three snbtenniiial. low, iiiward-tnrneil, stnbin cnsps lo-
cated on tliicker ri'gion; concave region located opposite
to cnsps. nestetl in liase of corresponding tooth ol ad-
jacent row; 3). Marginal teeth in fi()-(i5 pairs, all similar;

inner teeth larger, gradnalK deci'easing toward edge ol
ribbon; larger tei'th about 1.5 x rachidian length; base
slender and flat; middle region long, rod-like, tall,
straight; tip stronglv enned iiiw;inls, ;i|ie\ shaipK' point-
ed, precetled b\' fi-S pairs ol small, slender, pointed
cusps along both sides ol bro;idi'r are;i of tip.

Origin ol esophagus marked l)y a sudden constriction
ol dors;il chamber ot buccal mass (Figiu'es 21-23).
Ksophagus narrow, inner surlace with pair ol low and
narrow longitudinal folds (Figure 2S), a contiimation ol
dorsal folds of buccal mass. Esophagus runs contotu'ing
postero-lateral left surface ol odoiitophore toward pos-
tero-\entral region, beyond which it surrounds mid-ven-

Page 74

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117. No. 3

Figures 18-22. I'scudococciiliiKi rinuila new spccirs. ,iiialciiii\, IS. Wlioli' aiiiiiuil cxlnicti'd from slirll, postcricir view, mantle
edi^o (k'dcLtL'ti. 19. Posterior resjioii ol p.iili.il lool. ilois.il view, ilepuleil li\ tr.iiispai-eiK\. 20. Head, \eiitral \ieu, loot removed,
haemocoei exposed with inner stnietnres as in silii 21. Dinestne liilie as in \ilii. ilorsal \ie\\. strueliiics posterior to esophagus
sliiihtK delleeted. 22. Same, lateral ilell sidei \ie\\. Scale liars - (),.") mm.

tral surtaee ol lool alouti a hniad eiiiAc: alter tins esojili-
agiis runs toward mid-dorsal reiiion. in direetion ol shell
apc.x, ulicrc it inserts in stoniacii i i'"i<4nres 21. 22 1.

.Stomach somewhat narrow and lontj. located trans-
vcrsalK in middle rc<j;ion of xisccral mass; its dorsal hall
broader and spherical ( Fitjures 21. 22). with esophageal
connection located in its posterior region. Duct to di
Ijestivc sjland narrow, inserted in left region ol esopha-

geal eoimeetuin. Stonuuh \eiilial hall llattened and lon<j;.
nan'owini^ i^radnalK- iimer surlaee ol stomach iridescent,
"greenish. nij^cstiM' iil.md suiidundiuii; stomach lor most
ol its area. Intestinal loojis eom|)le\. as shown in Fissures
21 and 22.

Intestine oriiiinates at flattened jxirtion ol stomach
and IS inehuled m mid-\x>ntral re<j;ion ol \'isceral mass.
Inteslme is conxointed; alter its oriiiin in stom.ieh it iims

L. H. L. Siiiioiif ami C. Masienta. 2()().i

Pam* 75

Figures 2.'5-.'5(). I'si'iulncdrciiliim rinmlii new spccu's, tiircnul 23. WIhjIc annual, lateral Icll Mile - Imt slii;iitK wntral' \i<'«. 24.
( Jdoiitcipliorc. liorsal \ii'\\- 25. Same, \cntral xicu. 26. Odontdplimc. dorsal \ir\\, radula and sniii.idnlar cartilage reniowd, liotii
antcricir uailila'^cs di-llt'ctcd. 27. ( )diintopli()ir. \rntral sii.'W- lirst laxiT (it nMisiJcs and nii-nilirancs nniiixcd 2S. l^cirsal wall nl
hnci'al mass and antrnor fscipliaiins. \eiitral-inncr view, 29. ( )di)nl(ipliiiic, dmsal \lc\\, drtall iit its ri'Jit side wUli niiist ninsili-s
drili-i'tcd liir sliiiwni',; rit^lit cartilaiics 30. Same rcprcsfiilatKin nl a lrans\cTsal section. Scale liars = (),,3 nnn.

i)l)li([ufl\' toward (lorso-latcia! rc<j;ion, surroiiiidintj \v\\-
tral Mirtacf cil stomacli; in latere i-dmsal ri'j;lit rci^icin (il
N'isceral iiias.s iiitcstiiit' dt'-scrilns liroail ciirxr Idw.ird pos-
ter()-\t'iitral rcifioii, runs down to inid-xciili.il rc^iiiii ol
\isceral mass, toiicliint; iinicr siniacf nl Idol atid sm-
rouiidinw iiiitldlt- portion ot csopliatius; in tlii.s ri't^ion in-
testine cunes hroadK, returninii to its prexiou.s location.

riinninn; parallel to it hut in opposite tlirt'ctioii; in latero-
doi'sal ritilit rt'^ion ol \iseeral mass intestine tleserihes
Net anollier luoad loop ventral to tlie previous loop,
turuiii'j; .ilou'j, lioii/ontal plane toward lelt: in lateid-an-
terior lelt i"e'j;ioii ot xiseer.il mass it eur\cs al)niptl\ to-
ward rii^lit region, snrroimdinii; oilontopliore; tliis last
loop runs ol)li(jueK towarti latero-anterior right region

Page 76

THE NAUTILUS. Vol. 117, NO. 3

of roof" of pallial ca\iU'. Anus locateil on latcro-po.stcrior
risilit regioi) of roof of pallial cavih lool i l'"i^iirc 15).

Rc}>ro(liiclirf Sijslcin {Fii^iiir /l;. Coiiail l()tatc<l in
latcro-posfciior left region oi xi.sccral mass, just (Iihs.lI
to shell innsele. Testis more anterior, with smooth, nni-
torin surface. 0\an' oeeupxing mid-jiosterior region ol
gonad, with granulose surface, (ioiiad wilh short projec-
tion running along right edge ol icclnm (ioiiad gradn-
alK heconies a gonodnet along middle pnitiiin of rec-
tum, (ionoduct with thin, transjiareiit walls, running
ohli(jneK on surface of visceral mass alongside rectum;
opens in pallial ca\it\' posterior end, posterior to right
(posterior) kidnev (Figures 15, 19). \ shallow furrow
runs from this ajierture, contouring laleio-posterior light
corner of pallial ca\il\ In apertmc ol speiin duet (Figure
17). Posterior apeiture ol spi'rm Awci directed to lelt,
protected 1)\' a pair ol diverging lolds. Spcnn duct \en'
narrow, thin-walleil, cntircK ilosed (tuhular), nuiuing
along right edge of floor of pallial ca\it\ to an area an-
ti'rior to right tentacle, where it lolds .il)iii[)tl\ toward
left and penetrates base of right tentacle. Sperm dnet
runs along right cephalic tentacle, its hasal 2/3 iuteuseK
C'oiled and with thick glandulai' wails, thicker in its mid-
dle portion, then gradualK narrows, its distal 1/3 \'er\
narrow and ahiiost straight (l<'igui'e 17). Sperm duct
opening in li|i ol snhterminal papilla; papilla c\linilrieal,
short, nested in a small couca\it\' (which nia\ indicatt'
possilile ;iliilit\ to retrac-l ).

Cent ml Serve Si/sfein {Figure 21 ': (;;mglia relatixcK
small and separated from each other. Paired eereliral
ganglia rel;iti\eK' distant Irom each olhei\ located in me-
dialk in lati'ro-dorsal region ol hneall mass. Pedal gan-
glia relati\cl\ close to eacli other, situated between mid-
dle ,md ;inteiior portions ol \eiilial snrhice ol lHi(e:il
uiass ( I'ignre 20'. Hemaining g;mgli;i not studied iu de-
fails.

.S7/(// Mrdsiirciiiciils iLvwjjh. Wiillli. iiinl llif^hl in iiiiii ':
.\1'/SP 35.349 parat\pe #4; 3.0 l.\ 2.5 l)\ 1.7; #5; 3.3 1)\
2.7 In 1.7; #fi; 3.1 in 2.fi In 1.9.

T\pe Material: liolotxpi' \!/.SP .35:5 IS; P;irat\pes;
\iZSP .3.5.349, 12 specimens; .\INHJ S9(i5. 3 spei'imeus
(1 without shell); MNHN, 3 specimens I 1 without shell'.
all from t\]ie localit\. otter tr;iwl, ( :. .Magent.i leg,, \pr,
2002.

Tvpe Locality: Off southern I-iio de |;m(ii'o Sl;ile,
Bia/il, .3.50-400 m dejith, rock\ bottom.

Dislrihtilion: Know onK Irom t\pe loeaiitw

Habitat: Kock\ bottom.

DISCUSSION

The generic allocation of the new species is maiuK' based
on the diagnosis ol tlii' gemis pro\ided b\ Maisluill
(19S5: 522)' and llas/.pnmar (I9SS; tiib, 2. p.' 177'. with
addition ol Inrther data Irom other ;iutliors i (•.«'. Mc-

Lean and IlarasewNch. 1995). Pseiulococrtilinti riiiiiild
ap]iears to be the first occurrence of the genus in the
Atlantic'.

I'seudorocctiUna hiniila dillers Irom the renniining
cong<'ner species iu ha\ ing a high shell and Iw lack of
r;idial sculpture. F--:('iidococnil!)ia liiiiiila resembles F.
^re^iiria Marshall, 19S5. Irom New Zealand, b\it dif-
fers b\ ha\iug higher shell, narrower radnlar rachicli-
an. and In dillerent characters of the copnlaton- right
tentacle, such as uncoiled sperm duct and absence of
papilla.

4'lie anatoiux' of the lunv species fits the general plan
described lor the famiK' ( llas/.prnuar. 19S7, 1988). .^n-
;itomieal characters defining the lamilv are gonad divid-
ed into testis ;md o\ar\' and right cephalic tentacle as
copiilalor\ oigaii. However, the new species possesses
some peculiarities, as, e.g., the apparent absence of sal-
ivan glands (glands are sometimes poorlv developed in
cocculiuiform limpets), the ventricle Iree from the rec-
tum, the presence of a short ojiened portion in the
speiui duct nnining on palli;il lloor; and the presence ol
a visceral gonodnet. The gonodnet luis been regarded as
a modification of the right kidnev, but. if so, it is onlv
part of the kidnev undenvent modification, since there
is a detectable right kidnc'v. The presence of a ven.- long
right kidnev. in the F. riinnld gonodnet, is lound in the
comparable topologN' of YtKiuinaht/ssia earri/i McLean.
19SS (na,szprunar,' 198S; fig. 2i.'The muscles of the
odontophore differ from those ol Kiinl(ihi/.\sia venezue-
Iciisis (McLean. 19SS; llas/prnuar, 1988: fig. 3) in laek-
iu'j; or;il tube muscle and dorsal retractor of cartilages.
iind In ;i greater development ol the buec-.tl sphincter;
diller from those ol Coccojiii'^i/n hispidn Maishall. 1986
1 llas/prunar. 1987: fig. 3) in lacking buccal dilators and
\euti;il proti'actors of cartilage, and also bv the great de-
velopment of the buccal sphincter; diller from Cocculina
iiippiniuii Kuroda ;ind 1 l:ibe. 1949 (Sasaki. 1998: fig. 70)
in kicking the pair ol ventral tensor uniscl("s ol radular
s;ic. lacking the pair ol medi;m protractor nuiscle ol sub-
radular membrane, and in h;iviug the p;iii- ol posterior
c;u'tilai'es.

LITKIi.VTUHF CITKH

1 i.is/pniiuir. ( i. UJS7, .\ii,ilciiii\ .uid alliiillii's iil cocculiiiiil lim-
pets (Mollusca. .\ichaei)gastri>p(i(laV /.ixiliigic.i Scripla 16:
305 .321.

I las/piuiiar. {'.. U)SS. .Vnatdiiiv and allinities oi pscudococcii-
luiid liiiipels I Mollusca. .\uii;icoi.i;isln)p(i(lal. Zoologica
Script, 1 17 II1I-I79,

l,cal, I II .iiiil \l C, ll;ua.scv\Afh. UM). Deepest .Atlantic
iiKilliisks: li.ida! Iniipels (Mollusca. (Jastropoda. Coccnlin-
iloriiaa' Iroiii the northern honndan nl the Carilihcan
Plate. Invertebrate Hiologv IIS: llfi-|.5(i

l.c.il. |, II .iiul l.,M.l.. Sinionc. 2()()(). ('opiilahi/ssifi riosi. a new
(iecp-se;i liinp<'t I ( ^istrojioda; l'seu(lncocculinid;lc) Irom
the ciiulinenl;il slo]ii' oil ISra/.il with ( imiiiieiils dii llie svs-
ti'iii:itics of the genus. The Nautilus 1 11: ."iiJ liS.

\l,irsli,[lf HA ]9S5. KfX'cnl ;inil tertian (^occuliiiicl.ic .ind
I'seiulocotculinidae (Mollusca: (Gastropod;!' hciiii New

L. R. I.. Sinuinc and C. Maa-iita. 2()()o

'/(■aland and New Soiitli Wales New '/calaiHl |i)iirnalol Addisoniidac (Molliisca. ATchac()t;astn)]i()da' I'lniii tlic

/()iil()<^\ 12: 5()5-54fi, Soiitlicni Bra/iliaii coast. HiillcliM of Marine Scieiiei' 5S:

McLean, J. II. 19SS. I'lnei- new limpets n\ the lainiK P.sen- T75-7.S5.

dococciilinidae (roni alnssal depths i .Mdlliisca, .\rchaeo- Sa.saki, T. ]9yS. ( ^oiniiaratixc anatomv anil pli\loi;en\ oC tlic

gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta 1 7: 155-l(i(), recent ."Xrchacoga.stqioda (.Mollnsca: (iastropoda'. 'Hie

Mcl.,ean. ]. H. and .\I, (I. IlarasewNch. 1995. Hc\ie« olWest- Uniscrsitx Miiseinii. Tlie liii\ersit\ ol'Tok-Mi Hull<-tin .'5S;

ern Atlantic species ol cocciilimd and psendococciilinid 1-223.

limpets, witli ilesciipfions ot new species ((;a.stropo(la: \\"en/„ W. 193S. Castropoda. Teil 1 : Allgenieiner Teil nnd I'ro-

(a)cculinil(irmiat. Contiihntions in Science. Natnral His- sobrancliia. Lielernng 3. In: O. H. Schindelwdll (ed.i

torvMiisenni of Los Angeles Connt\- 453: 1-33. Handbncli der Palao/.oologie. <\ Cehriider Biantr.ieger,

Si?none, L. R. L. 1996. Addi.soiiiii ciioilis. a new species ol Berlin, pp. 241-480.

THE NAUTILUS 117(3) "8-82, 2()().3

Puec 78

Distribution of tlie introduced freshwater snail MelanoUJes
tiiherculatus (Gastn)poda: Thiaridae) in Brazil

Monica A. FernancU'z
Sihana C. Tliicni^o

DcparlaiiH'iitd dc M.il.icoloi^i.i,

Insliluto Oswaklo Ouz
A\. Hrasil 4')(i5
21()45-9()() Hio (If laiK'im
HKAZIL

aininonCa iof.liorru/lir
stliirii<'()(" iof.fiocni/.lir

Luiz Ricardo L. Simoiu-

MiiscM (le Zi)()l()ij;ia ila L'liixrrsitlade

lie Sao Paulo
Caixa Postal 4259-4
04299-970 Sao Paiilo
HHA'/IL
IrsiinoncC" usp.lir

AlJSll^VCT

This article ilcsnibcs the alanuinn s|)ii'ail ami (.iirrciit clistri-
hiilioii ol the introduced thiaiid gastropod Meltmoides tiihcr-
ciiliiliis in Brazil. The first record ol this s|iccies in Brazil was
in 1967 in Santos, state of Sao Paulo, and since then has hcen
recorded, in the states of Cearii, Uistrito Federal. Minas (Jer-
rtis, Parafha, Kio de Janeiro. Parana. Santa Catarina. Bahia. Ms-
pfrito Santo, (^oias. Mato (irosso. .\lato (irosso do Snl. Pani.
Pernamhuco. Piaui. Hio Grande do Norte and Tocantins. Re-
cords conceniini; the latter ten states are repented liir the first
time. M tiiherculatus has heen stmlied as the intermediate
host ol some diseases, and is known as displaeins^ nali\c spe-
cies. The rajiid sjiread of this sjiecies. the lack ol an\ control
or nionitorini;. and the scarce knowledije ol the Brazilian Iresh
water niolhisks indicate that serious damas^e to the eeos\stem
with prohahle im])licatious to public health are lo lie expeeled
Two other detected sjM'cies ol iu\asi\e freshwater mollnsks m
Brazil are the l)iv;il\es Corbiaila jiuiiwivu autl Liiniiopcnui ji>r-
littici

Aihlitiimal /cci/icorc/.s. Invasivi-. inxadint;. mollnsks. \Iollusca,
South \nu-riea. Xeotropical.

IMllODl CTION

Hcsearcli nii iiitrotliiced species liaxc rceeixcd sjiecial
attention in the last few \ears due Imlli Id llie inereasiiiL;;
niiinhcr ol iiiNasions and to (lie eeononne. en\ir(innien-
tal. and Iniiiian iiealtli prohleius tlie\ lia\e tauseil
tliroiiiiliout tlic world.

Soiitli .Xincrica has been espeeialK hard hit l)\ in\asi\c'
freshwater species siicli as ('orhiiiihi fhnniuvd (Miiller.
17741 ( Bi\aKia: ('orhieididae). LiiiiiKijuiiiii jorliiiici
(Diiiiker, 18.57) (Bi\aKia: Xhlilidae). and Mchiitnidis
ttihcrriildliis (.Miiller. 1774) ((iastropoda; Thiaridae i.
Till' two first species were introdiieed into Sontli Aiuei-
ica respeetixi'K in tiie 197()s and in 1991. prohaliK ni
lialhist water of ships ori^iiiatinsz; Iroin soutlieastei ii Asia
( I")arri<rran and K/enrra de Drairo. 2()()()i.

Ill North \iiieriia. (' lliiiniiuii nia\ lia\(.' caused some
[lopiilatious ol iiatixe l>i\al\es to decline, hut other iiatixc
populations seem to coexist with it i.Stra\(.'r. 1999). In
,\ii^eutina. L. foiiiiiwi is well estalilished in the Plata
Basin ami. in addition to alleiin^ llie di\(.'rsit\ ol natisc
molhiseaii c'ommmiities. its lii;j;li-ilensit\' populations are
eausinti eeoiioiiiie piohlems hecaiise tlie\' restriel water
intake and How tliroutih sewat^e treatnuMit plants. |)ower
plants, and industrial lai'ilities (Darriiirau. 201)2'. In i5ra-
/il. eionomic and em iroumeutal |irol)leins caused l>\ /,.
lortiinci occur at least in the immieipalities ol (luai'lja
and N'iamao, state of Hio (Grande do Snl. aceordiuij to
\lansur et al. (2()().3>.

Heporfs on the iutrodnetion the Alro-.\siatie tlii.irid
\l Inl'ci'ciihiliis in l„ilm .\iiieiica started in the I9ri()s
and il IS now disli iliiiled in ,ill eiiinitries ol this region
(Brown. 1994). In this p.ipei llie enneiit disliiliulion of
this in\asi\i' species in i^ra/il is n'porled as well as its
impact on hotli liiunan health and the enxironmeul. The
|j;oal is to |iro\ide the first eomplete ie]iort ol the ilistri-
liiilion III the s|)<'cies, based on field studies (result ol
se\eral projects', three major makieolo>j;ical colleetions
in Brazil, and the literatiii<'. I'liis report shall pnnide
the liack<iro\md lor liitiiic control and or mouitoriiiL; the
spread ol tlii' spt'cie.s.

\i vi i:hiai,s and Miyiiions

llie main source ol dala is in the iustiliitional collee-
tions. which eont.nii voucher iiialeiial ol held projects.
iiiaiiiK those in\ol\in<; the authors. The iusliliitions are:
lustiliito Oswaldo (!riiz. j-iio de |aueiro i l'M()( 'i\UZ),
Museii Nacioual <la Pmxcrsidade i'"ederal do Kio de
[.meiro (M\R|i. and Miiseii de '/.oolo>4ia da Inixcrsi-
d.uie de Sao i'anio iM'/SI'i. AdditionalK. pulilished re-
ports on the occiirrence ol .\/ liihi iciililliis were also
(■\,uiiiiied.

M. A. Fernandez et al., 2003

Faiii' 79

, Roraima 1

Amap^

Part

MaranhSo

Ceart

Acrt^^

.-' f

Rondonia

/ L

MatO'Qrosso

. \

Piaui

^ Bahia

A-

Guiis

C Minas ( J

>L^ ; . Gerais {^V

/If. J Ssplrito

Mato Grosso ' jT

Y^':::' . f\ /sanio

doSul /

f ^''' .jI*^

S^ jdd.„>S&oP^

• V-^fii/^

^y Paiaii L/ •

.^^i,-~r Janeiro

C— ~,_ '^.^^^

■ SaiUaCalarina ,

V RioGtmde f^

' doSul /

Figure 1. (jiiiciit ilistnhiitiiin ul llu- inxasixc ^a^t^llp<Hl Mi IiiiiokIi s liiiiii'ciiliitus iii liia/il.

RESULTS

In the Neotropical Reijion. tlie first recortls of M liih-
erculatiis came from Bnizil (1967), Cjiha (19S3i. Desi-
rade (1985). Dominica (1975), (Grenada (1970), C;uade-
loupe (1979). Honduras (19S0). Martinique (1979).
Mexico (1972). Panama (prolial.ly 1971). Peni (1990).
Puerto Rico (between 1964 and 1966). Saint Lucia
(197S). Venezuela (1972). Arij;ciitin.i-l'ara>iua\ (1999)
(.Aliliott, 1973; Amava-Huerta and Alinexda-.Artigas.
1994; C;hrosciecho\vsh. 1973; Lane;! et al., 1990; Peso
and Quintana. 1999; Pointier 1993; Poiutit'r ;uid Del;i\.
1995; Pointier et al.. 19S9; \a/, et al. 19S6).

In Br;i/.il, tlie first record ol M tuhi niilnliis was in
Santos, state of Sao Paulo, in 1967 (\az et al., 19S6).
SubsequentK', it has been recorded in the states ol .Minas
Gerais (Silva et al., 1994); Parai'ha iPaz et al., 1995); Rio
de Janeiro (Thiengo et al. 199S, 2001, 2002a. 2002b;

(;io\;iuelli et ;il., 2001), Ceara (Melo and C'ordeiro.
1999). Parana (Pereira, 2000) and in the Federal Dis-
trict, Brasilia (Wiz et al., 1986; Garcez and Martins-Siha,
1997).

In addition to the al)o\e-mentioned reports, we
searched for additional material of .A/, fubcrculafii^ in
l-lnizil. Tlie\ ;ni' listed below and in represented in Fig-
luc 1. Stiite ot Pani: Itaituba; Tocantins: Sao F"eli\ do
Tocantins and I'eixe; Pianf; Paniagua; Ceara; Crato; Pa-
rai'ba: Campina Grande, |oao Pessoa, Santa Lnzia, Sao
Mamede, and Sousa; Pernambiico; Macaparana and Sfio
Lourenyo da .Mata; Rio Grande do Xorte: PeiKlencias:
Bahia: (.'ariranha, Coaraci, Itajm'pe ami Salvador; Vcd-
eral District: Brasilia; Goias: Barro .Alto. Canipinorte,
(.'ainpinayn, Clolinas do Snl. Formosa. Minayu. Xicjue-
landia, \o\a Igua^.'n de Cioias, P;idre Bemarilo, Santa
Hitii do \o\'o Destino, Uniayu and X'ila Boa; Mato
Grosso: Cuiaba, Nobres, Rosario Oeste and \ ;irze;i

Page 80

THE NAUTILUS. \u\. 1 17. No. 3

Graiitlc; Mato Gro.sso do Sul: Miranda and Tre.s La-
go;LS; Minas Gerai.s: AKmh I'arai'lia. Bclo llori/onte, Be-
tim, Cactr. ( ^ontagcm. Coriiito. I.agoa .Saiila. Ouro
Braiico, I'ldni I .copcildo, Pnidente dc Moracs and \ cs-
pa.siano: Kspi'rilo .Sanlo: C^atlioeiro ile Itaiicniirini; Rio
de JaiUMrn: .\ngia do.s Rei.s, Areal. Bom Jcsns de Ita-
bapoana. C^anilinri. (!ain|ios. ("autagalo, (^ardo.so Mor-
eira, Carnux l)n(inc dc (,';L\ias. Engenliciio Paulo di-
Frontiii, Ciuapiniiiini. Itahorai. Itagnaf. Itaocara, [aperi.
Mage. Mangaratilia, Maricfi. Mcndi's. Miguel Pcreira,
Niteroi. Parai'iia do Sul. i'cli(]polis, Piiai, Hcscndc. Hio
Bonito. liio dc Janeiro. Sapueaia, Saquari'nia. Sao Fi-
delis, Sao Francisco i\v Itahapoana. Sao (ionyalo, Suni-
idouro. N'alenya. N'as.soura.s and \'olta Redonda; Sao Pau-
lo: .\niericana. .'\til)aia. Bariri, Castillio, Colombia, El-
dorado. Flon'nea, Gnariba, Illia Comprida. Ipauc^u. Ita-
pira. Itapura, Mongagua. Panorama, Paranapanenia,
Pedro Toledo. Begistro. liibeirao Preto. Santos. Serra
Azul, Sertao/inho and Su/an('ipolis; Parana: Eondrina.
Sertaneja anti Sertaii(')polis; Santa C'alarina: (.'amborii'i
and Pallioya. Data coucermug tlie Stales ol Baliia. E\-
pi'rito Santo, Goias, Mato (irosso, Mato CJrosso do Sul.
Para. Pei-nambueo, Pianf. Rio (irande do Norte and To-
cantins are new.

DISCUSSION

The origin ol llie introduction ol MfliniKidis Uilnrcu-
Itiliis to Brazil reniams unknown, but i( is probabK
liTiked to tlie plant and bx'sliwatcr ornamental fish trade.
This route ol introduction and sjireading ol Iresliwater
.snails had been prexiouslv reported i.e. ( 'owie (2t)()2).
Madsen and Frand.sen (1989) and Pointier (1999). The
first record ol .\/. hihcrcnlatus in the state ol Sao Paulo
was in aijuarium iioblnist stores in the cit\ ol Santos
(Vaz et al.. 198fi), Thieiigo et al. (199S) re|iorted its in-
trodnction b\ local lisli larmcrs and rajiid eoloni/alion
in fish tanks in (iuapimirim, Rio de |aneir(), piobabK in
the 197()s. hi the states ol Minas Cerais. Hio de |aneiro
and Sao i'aulo. where more e\tcnsi\e sur\e\s ha\(' been
tlone, this sjieeies has bi'cn collected bom ahnost all
li\'drogra])hic basms. inhal)iting lotic. leiilic. polluted or
clean water environments, nHcn in dense populations.
Mcltiuoidcs iHln'radillus has since sjiicad Irorn le\\
points in Sao Paulo to all Bra/ilian regions m the coinse
ol three decades.

The biological .iiid paithenogenci ic repinduetivc
cliaracteristics ol ,\/ luhcnidatus make this species a
good invader i Pointier and Delav. 199.")'. Its adapt
abilitv to a wide range ol cmiv iroiunenlal eouditions
and high reproductive capacitv has encouraged its use.
maiuK' in the I'rench West Indies, in the biological
control ol the host snails ol Scliisli'sniiKi iiiiiiisoiii Saui-
bon, 1907. l''ield and laboratorv experiments luidei
taken in Desirade, (Juadeionpe, Martiniipic ,nid Santa
Lucia, revealed the aiiilitv of this species to limit and
even exclude species o[ Bioinpliiilaha in these islamU
(Pointier, 1993: Pointier et al.. 19S9. 1991. 19931. In
Brazil, studies on the impac-t ol exotic s])ec-ies arc

scarce: Ciiovani'lli et al. (2001) observed tliat in Suni-
idouro. an area ol low endemicitv lor schistosomiasis,
.\/ lidnTcidiitiis h.id substantialK reiluced Biomphal-
iiriri '^lahrata (Sav. ISIS) populations, indicating a pro-
cess of competitive exclusion: in Betiui and Prmlente
dc Moraes, Guimarai's et al. (2001) reported luarked
reduction in populations of B. <il(/l)raia and B. stra-
inincii (D\uiker. 184S) in two lakes, after the arrival ol
this thiarid, followed bv complete disappearance ol
the lormer species eight vears later. During the last
tlii'cc vears, oiu' group i nupnblislied data) has been
jicrh)rming a quantitative studv ol .\/, lid)crnd(itus, B.
.straitiiitca and Lipitiiiica cohiiitclla Sav. 1817 popula-
tions in :i large reservoir in Mina^n. Cioias. Preliniinarv'
data indicated th;it native [lopnlations of the thiarid
Ai/lacoshinni h iitiiliihris (Reeve. ISfiO). previt)nslv
:ibuntlant in the Tocantins River, have been replaci'd
bv dense populations ol A/, luhrrculatus. Fernanilez
et ;il. (20011 doiumented [\\v displacement anil ile-
cline of is. ^l(d)i-alii and I'omaccd Ihicdtd iSpi.x, 1827)
populations in a small stream on the campus of Fun-
davao ()swaldo ( .iii/. Hio de |:ineiid. ;ilter the intro-
duction ol .\/. tiilx riid/ihi\ Tins data is alreadv snffi-
(.■ient hir demonstrating that uativi' species, suffering
tieclines from pollution and destruction ol tlieir nat-
ural habitats, are now being imjiacted bv .\/. tuhcr-
culatus.

Moqihological and conchological studies on samples
ol .\/ tuhnviildliis from Brazil are being periormed in
order to detect the occurrence ol distinct moq)lis as ob-
served in the Caribbean islands. ( !oTichological charac-
teristics and sp;ilial disliibution provide evidence that
moqihs ot .\/, Itdicrciddtus exist iu .Mai'tiuiijue and that
new moqihs ol this species develop in rapid succession
(Poiutier. 1989: Pointier et al.. 199:5). Recently, Sinione

(2001) includi'd samples of .\/ liihcrciddltis in the pliy-
lo'.i,euetic ;malvses ol Cerithioidea. based on comparative
morphologv. and has not lonud :inv cv ideuce lor diller-
cntiating morjihs.

Hegaiiling medical ;md veteiinaiA importance. .\/. tuli-
crciddlus acts :is potential miennediate hosts ol I'lird-
•^nniiiius Hi'slcniidiii (Kcrbcrl. IS78), Clonorchis \iiicii-
sis (Cobbold. 1S75' :inil Ccnlroccsliis fonnosdiuis (Ni-
shigori. 1924) helmiuthes res]-)onsible respectivelv for
p:iragouimiasis, elonoiehictsis and ccntiocestiasis Iraus-
nnssion ( .\mav ;i- 1 1 m'rt;i and .\lmev da-.\rtigas. 1994;
Pointier. 19991. Until recentlv .\/. /(//)crrv//«f(/.s' had never
been lecorded harboiing larval lorms ol those trem;i-
todcs in Bia/il, \ recent ie|)oit bv Boaventura et al.

(2002) lourrd spcenncns lri>rrr Mar-ii'ii and (iuapiinirim
shedding Pleurolophoi'cr'cus ciM'cai'ia.

We believe th;it the abilitv of .\/. tnhcrciddlus to
spie:id lapidlv :iii(l coloni/e new. ri.ilinal and marrHri;ide
h,ibrl;ils .rlike. gcnerallv lesultiir'j, irr hi^h-densitv po|)rr-
lalions. lliiealens the native miillirsc laiiii:i and shoirkl
be closclv monitor'cd and docirmcnted.

Considering the lack ol sirbst:nrlial t:ixonomic ami
ecological studies on our' Iresliwater' riiolhrse launa :irrd
the en\ iidiiiiieiil.il imp. let e.iiiscd b\ alien s|)ccics, in

M. A. Fcniaiulc/ t-t al.. 2003

vmv si

sjiitc (il cxtrnsiM' areas endeiiiic ior scliistosoiiiiasis in
Brazil, ami tin' possilile i-ttcctiv cncss ol M liihcrrii-
latus as a foiinH'titur ol planoiliid iiitcniiccllad- licists
t)l .S. iiuinsoui. cxpaiisioii ol (liis species iiiiisl lie (lioi-
out^liK monitored and controlleil. wliieli has not lieeii
done.

LITERATURE (TTED

Aliliett, li. T. 1VJ7:>. Spnail nl Milan, •idrs IiiIk iriiliilii IIk'
\aiililiis ST: 29.

Ania\a-I luerta. D. an<l H. J. Aliiie\ila-.\rti'j,as. l!)!)l. ( 'eiilir-
iiiation of Ccntrocestus foniiosiniiis (Nisliigdri, 1924)
Price, 19')2 (Trcniatoda: Heteroplixidac) in Mc.xico. Uc-
searcli .iiid Hc\ic\\s in Parasitololv 54: 99-103.

B()a\('Ti(nra, \1, K, M. A. Fernandez, S, (,', Tliicns^o, R. E. .SiKa
ami A, 1, .\lelo. 2002. Formas Lmais dc 'iVcrnati)da pro\-
cnicntes dc t;astn')podcs iininicos da iiiicrorrci;iaii Hie dc
Janeiro, sndi'sti' tlo Brasil. Lnndiana .3: 4.5—19.

Brown. D. S. 1994. Freshwater Snails ol .Alrica and their .Med-
ical Importance. Tavlor and F"rancis. London. (iOV) pp.

Chroscicchowsla, P. I9T.3. Uni caracol eni hiisca dc nnc\a re-
sidencia. El Lago 30: 81:3-814.

(.'(>\\ic. R. H. 2002. Apple snails (.\nipnllariidae' as agricnltnriil
pests: their hiologN". impacts and manay,enn'nt. In: Ci. M.
Barker (editorl .VIollnscs as Crop Pests. C.ABI I'nhlishing,
Wallinglord, pp. 14.5-192.

Darrii^ran. (.'. 2002. Potential impact ol (iller-licihn',; m\:ideis
on ti'iiipi-ratc inland Iresliwatcr i-ii\ nnnmcnls i-liolo'j;ic:il
lii\;isniiis 4: 145-150.

Darrii.^ran. (J. and 1. Ezcurra de Drago. 2000. iii\:isiiiii ol the
exotic Ircshuatcr mussel Limnoprnni jurliiini i Dnnker,
18.57) (BivaKia: Mvtilidae) in South \iii.iic:i Ihe \anti-
Ins 1 14: 69-73.

Fernandez, M. .\.. S. C. Thiengo and M. F Boaxcntuia. 2001.
Castropodes linniicos do Campus de -Mangninhos. Fim-
davao Oswaldo C"mz, Rio de [aneiro, RJ. Revista da So-
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Carcez. C. C and M. J. Martins-Sika. 1997. Estudo preliminar
da distrihui^'ao de moluscos giistropodes no Fago Paranoa.
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Giovanelli, A., C. L. I' \, Silva, L. Medeiros aiul \1 C. \'as-
concellos. 2001. llic mollnscicidal acti\it\ ol llic i.ilcx ol
EiiplKirhia splciKlciis \ar. Iii.slopii on Mil(iii(ii<lr.\ liihri-
ciiliitd (Thiaridac). a snail associated willi liahil.ils ol
Biiiiiijiliiiliiriii <lliil>r(it(l (Planorhidae). Memonas do liisti-
tnto Oswaldo Cruz 90: 12.3-125.

Gnimaraes, C. T. C. P Souza and D. M Soares. 2001. I'ossihie
competitive displacement ol planorhids li\ Mclnuoiilrs
ttihcrciil/ita in .Vlinas Gerais. Brazil. Nh-UKiriasdo Instiliito
Oswaldo Crn/ 96 Isuppl.): 17.3-176.

Larrea, H.. M I. Oviedo. P. Huaman. R Mxar.md I. l':ulias.
1990. (iasteropodos dnlceacni'colas del departamcnto de
Lima \ s\i importancia niedica. Boletin de Lima 69: 39-
42.

.\hulsen. II. and F. Frandsen. 19S9. The sprea<l ol hcshwater
snails including those ol medical and \eterin.ii'\ niiporlan-
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.Mansiu. M. C. D., C. P Santos, G. Darrigran. I. lle\drich, ( :.
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quantitalixds do iiicMlhao-dourado I Jiiiiiniiri'iiii lurtiiuii
(Dnnker). no delta do |acni. no lago (aiailia e na laguna
dos Patos, Rio (Irande do SnI, Brasil e alguns aspi'ctos de

sua invasao no no\"o amhienlc Rc\jsta BrasilciiM de /ool-
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Melo, II \ ,111(1 1, \ (crdcHo. 1999. Ocon-enciade .\/r/r;/e
(Hilts lnl)(H\il<il(i no avnde Thoniaz Ostcrnc de .\leiic:ir
(Ihnari), ('rato, C<'ar;i. .W'l Fncontro Brasileiro de Nhi-
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Paz, R. J. T. Wal. malic. \l 1' \1 l)i|ck ,md F j I" \hilio.
1995. First Record ol Miliiiiniilcs liilicniiliilii iMiiller.
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Pereira, P \ (■ 2000. Dispersao do gastn'ipodc ni\:isor ,\/(-
l/niiiiilrs hiluii-iiliild (Miiller 1774) iMollnsca, I'losoliiim-
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lenticiis c semi-lenticos. Biociencias 8: 107-1 14.

Peso. I and M. (,)nintana. 1999. Otro niolnsio di- orlgen acia-
tico inlrodncldo cm l.i ciiciica del Plata: Mclaiioiilcs luh-
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Pointier. ). P. 1989. ( !oiichological studies ol I'Iikiki
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Pointier. J. P. 1993. The introilnction ol Mclaiioidcs tnhcvcuUilii
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Pointier |. P. 1999. Iin.idiii'j, Ireshwatcr gastropods: soiiu'
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Pointier, j. P. A. CuNiinl ;iiid \. Mosser. 1989. Biological
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Page 82 THE NAUTILUS, \oI. 117. No. 3

Thit'iigo. .S. (... \\. .\. Fornande/.. M I' HoaMriliiiii. (;. K. Tliiciiijo. S. C. M. A. Fernandc/,. M. F. Boavcntura. M. (I.

Grault. II. F. H. .Silva. A. C. Matto.s and S. H. .Saiito.s. Maiialliaes and S. B. Santos. 2()()2I). Freshwater snails and

2001. Freshwater snails and schistosomiasis niansoni in schistosomiasis mansoni in the .State of Rio de Janeiro,

the State of I^io de Janeiro. Brasil: 1 — Melropohtan Brasil: lit -Haixadas Mesoregion. Memorias do liislilnlo

Mesoregion, Memorias ilo Instilnlo Oswaldo (.'rn/ 9(r Oswaldo (.'ru/ 97 (suppl.): -4.3-46.

177-184. \a/ J F. H. -\I. S. Telles. .\I. A. Correa and S. 1>. S. I^ite.

Tlliengo. S. C M \ l'crn.iiid<v. .\i !•'. iioaxcntuni. S B. San- HJS6. Oeorreneia no Brasil de Tliirira {Mehiiioidcs) tub-
tos and .-V. ('. Mattos. 2()()2a. Fresliwater snails and sehis- cmilata i(). I'" Muller. 1771' iCIastropoda: Prosohran-
tosoniiasis mansoni in the State of liio de Janeiro, l^rasil: ehia). primeiro liospt'di'iro intiMinediario de C'/omTc/i/.v. si-
ll— Centro Flnminense .Mesoregion. .Memorias do Insti- i/ciivw (Cohhold. 187.5) (Tre mat oda. Plathvhel mi ntes). Re-
tnto Oswaldo Crn/ 97: 62l-fi2fi.' vista de Sai'ide Pnbliea 20: :?18-.322.

TIIK NAUTILUS 117(3):83-S(i, 2003

Italic S3

Horaichivus sijsocvi, a new species (Neogastropoda: Drilliidae)
from the northwestern Indian Ocean

Carlo Snirinlio

\ui ili \all.- Aiiivlia 134

(lOUiT Hdiiia

ITAL\

csmriglioCs tiscaliiict.it

Paolo Mariollini'

15ipartiinciito di Biologia
Unixcrsita di ■lUmia Tre"
\ iaic Marcoiii i t(i
()lll-l(S Hoiiia
ITALY
iiiaricitpa(nl)i(),uiijniiiia3.it

AliSTHACT

lldrincliiiiis si/socv i . a new ^astiiipcul spccii's n\ tlic taiiiiK
Drilliidae. is here described fVoiii the northwestern Indian
Ocean. The new species, consisting ot foiu' shells collected dur-
ing the |()hn Murrav Expedition i 19.33-341 has pre\ionsl\
been niisidentified in the literature as Huraichiiii.s nplcndUlus
(A. Adams, LS6T). t\pe species ot the genus Horiiiclaitis 0\u-
uia. 1954, lloniirhnus .sj/.smrj is couchnlogicalK similar to //
sjtli'itdUlif^. but ditlers in li,i\nig a bigger si/c. a slull oulliuc
less c\lindrical, teleoconch whorls more convex, a smaller num-
ber of axial ribs, a higher number of spirals, a narrower and
longer siphonal canal. The new species is compared with other
members of the genus Horaiclaiiis from the Japan. With this
uoti' the geographital distribution ol Iloraicltn us is cularijcd.

Aildititmiil ki'i/wiirds: Clastropoda. Hnriiiiliirii\ \iili'iiili<hi\ .
Coto Mauds, ruilfof Aden

IXTHODLCTIOX

Tile familial position of the genus Horniclaiiis 0\ama.
1954, is still luK'crtain, as pointeil out 1)\ S\soe\' (199fi)
who followed Shiito ( 1979. 19S3) in assigning tliis geinis
to the famiK' Drilliidae Morrison, 196fi. The txpe localitx'
of Horairlfiius sj)lcu(li(lu\ i,A. .Adams, ISfiTi, txpe spe-
cies of the genus and herein illnstratetl tor comparatixe
pniposes, is Goto Islands (lapan). According to .S\soe\'
1 1996! Horaichivus miidurcnsis (Sliepman. 1913) is con-
chologicalK' \eiT similar to H splciuJidiis and should lie
tri>ated as a subspecies. Li tins paper we desc'iilie a new
species of Horaichivus: Horaichivus si/socvi new species
from the Gulf of .Aden. The new species, represented
b\ four shells colleetetl during the |olui .\Iurrax' E.xpe-
dition in 1933-1934, was Hgnred b\ S\soe\ il99fi: 2, figs.
20-21) as H. sphlliliihis. The bolotxpe ol //. sjili iiiliihls
is housed in the II. (Jiiuhng collection ,it The .Natural
Histon' Museum, London: the bolotxpe ol //, sijsocvi is
boused ill die |nliii Mini.ix Lxpeditioii colliclioii, also

.Author lor correspondence.

at The Natiiial lliston Museinii, ,\croii\iiis used in the
text are: The Natural Histon Mnseiini of London
IBMNH). lohn Murrax" Expedition (|ME). Comparison
xxitb other kiioxxn species ol the genus Horaichivus is
presented. With this report the geographical (listribntiou
ol Horaicldvus is e.xpanded.

SY.STEMATICS

.Snperlamilx Gouoidea Kahiu-si|ii(,', LSi5
Eaniilx Drilliidae Morrison, 19fifi
CJeniis Horaichivus Oxama, 1954

Horaichivus Oxama, 1954, p, 52.

T\pe Specie.s: Mau<iclia sphiulichi A, .Adams. bSRT. p,
309, pi. 19. fig. 24. bolotxpe BMNII I9fifi45.S.

Description: Shell ol luediuu) size lor tamilx, slender,
fusiform, turricnlate xxith tall spire, Protoconcb panci-
spiral, dome-shaped, smooth, xxith 1-2,5 conxex xxborls,
liluntlx rounded, Teleoconch xxith S-9 conxex xxliorls.
last xx'borl oxate. Sculpture of xxeak ;Lxial collahral ribs
that extend from suture to suture, crossed bx- faint spiral
lines. Siphonal canal broad and short. Aperture narroxx-,
oxate. and elongate, xxithout distinct sinus on anterior or
posterior regions,

Horaiclavus sph'ndidus (A. .Adams, ISfiT)
(Figures 1-3, (i-S)

Description: Shell ol medniiu si/e. up to 30 iiiiii
li iiglli. lusilorm. spire tall. Protoconcb pan ci spiral, ol 1 .5
w boils, doiui'-sbaped. aiioiit 650-700 (jlui in iiiaxiuiiim
diameter, siiioolb. color light-broxxn. Transition to teleo-
coiicii not xxell inarkeil. Teleoconch elongate and turri-
cnlate, consisting of S-9 conxex xxborls, sligbtlx angled
on shoulder (S whorls in the holotv^iel. Sculpture ot
\\e:ik, e(|iiallx spaced, \\a\A collabial axial ribs that ex-
tend lidiii suture to siilure, 11-13 ribs on the earlier
xxborls, 10- IS on the last xxliorl, .Axial ribs crossed bx'
xcrx laiiit spirals, 35 — 15 on last xxhorL more exident near

PiU'e 84

tup: nautilus. \oI. IIT. Xo. 3

Figures l-.S. I Ioiuk liii us splcndidiis (A Ail, mis. ISdT' aiul tL'iiiu lai us iiiiulmrnsis iSulicpiii.iii, iOI.V'. 1-3. Iloriiiclains spleu-
(liclus. liololypc, BMMI 196(i45S. i'.oto Islands, J,i|)an, 1S.,'> x 7.0 iiini. .AiHTliiral. clciisal. and lateral \ii'us. 4-5. Horaiclavus
mmlurcnsis. original drawins; 1)\ Sc-licpnian (191,'3: fi<;s. la 1)1 (i-S. Uomirldvits splnulUhis. dicdsjed in deep-water In fishermen.
Alii;Ma\' lsl,Uid, \Iindan,i<i I'liilippines. 29.2 X 6.0 mm. \pcitiiial. dorsal, and l,itenil \ie\\s.

base, .Suture wcll-defiuetl. .\perture narrow and ()\ale,
anterior or posterior sinuses not distinet, al)out one third
ol shell leniitli. inner eolor while. Siphonal eanal short
and lartje. Columella eurxed, smooth. Outer lip thick.
inner surface smooth. Shell coloi- \arialilc; most common
pattern ol liiihl-hrownish hackiiround with reddish-
brown flanunulate axial stripes and sjiiral lines ol same
color. Peristome white with hrowTi-reddish internal dots.
Soft parts unknown.

Roniarks: UordicUivus was considered in the past a.s
an Indn r.icific <.ienus. The t\pe sjx'cies is from (".oto
Islands (|apani aiLcl the shells from the |ME are from
the (iiilf of Aden northwestern Indian Ocean'. In .id-
dilion to its lini.id lico^raphic (listriiintKin, this '^enns
seems to ha\c' a considerable balh\ inelric raniie. at least
from .'5()-7.'12 m. as re]iorted b\ Knroda. Ilabe and 0\'a-
nia 1 1971: 212' and .S\soc\ (1996: 2). .As lor its systeni-
,ilie position, we au;ree with S\soe\- (199fi'i who. "imtil

C. Siniii'lid and P. Mariottini. 2003

]\m' S5

Figures 9-17. I Innncliniis sz/sntt/ new species and llnniichniis shitiu-iisis ()\ania. 195-1. 9-11. Hnniiilums ,s7/sii<i7. I](ili)l\pc,
BMNH 2(1()1()4()5. (ailf of .\den. northwestern Indian Ocean. |MK. station 1S.3, 5.33 in. .32.3 X 11.0 mm. .\pertural, dorsal, and
lateral views. 12-13. Parat\pe B. BMXII 2()()1()404B. Cull' ol' Aden, northwestern Indian Ocean.. J.\1E. station 176. 7.32 ni. .3.3.0
X 10.5 mm. .Apertnral and dorsal \icws, 14-16. TaratyiH' .\. B.M.XIl 200I0404.A. CiiUdl \(l( ii. northwestern Indian Ocean. |.\II-:.
.station 176. 7.32 m. 2S.() X 9.S mm. .Vpertural. ilorsal. and lateral views. 17. llcnncliii us \liilticiisi.'i. oiiyinal drawinii in (Kama
(19.54: fig. 33-33ai.

tlie exainiiiatiiiii ul tin- radiila . Ii.is eoiisciAatixcK Idl-
lowed Sluito 1 1975. iyS.3) in assji^innij; Umyiirldi ii.s to the
Drilliidae. Horaicl(iru\ mddurciisis (Sclieprnan. 191.3)
ha.s been con.sidereil In .Svsoev 1 1996) as a snlispei'ies of
//. sph'udidus. The orit^ina! description and fiii;nrc ol //.
muditrensh (Si'hcpnian. 1913: fisj;. 4' strontjK coiroho-
rate this jioiiit ol view, with the slu-ll ol this lattei" specii'S
being onK somewhat broader anil shorti'r than that of
H. splciididus. For a lu'tter comparison of these two

la\a. the oriifinal dr.iwinij; ol //. iiuuluriii'^is is tlcpicti'il
(F"ignres 4-.5).

Horaivldius sijsocvi new s[)(cic'S
(Fimu-es 9- US)"

Description: Shell ol niednnii size, up to .l) mm
length, lusilorm. spire tall. Frotoconch pancispiial. ol 2.5
whorls, dome-shaped, about 450-500 |jLin in maximum

Paw S6

THF. NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. \o. 3

cliainetcT, smooth, color cieani. Transition to tcloocoiicli
not well marked. Teleoconch elonsiatc and lanceolate.
with 8-9 whorls. Senlpture o( weak, e(]nall\ spaced. wa\A
collal)ral axial ribs. 10-11 on earlier whorls. 12-15 on
last whorl, extending from suture to suture. .Spiral lines
55-65, reguiarK' spaced and of about same size, overrid-
ing axial ribs on last whorl. Suture well-defined. .Aper-
ture narrow and o\ate. anterior and posterior sinuses not
chstinct. about one third of the entire height, inner color
crc^am. Siphonal eanal short and narrow. Ciolumella
cnned, smooth. Outer lip thick, inner suilaee smooth.
Shell color unilormK cream with biownish tinges. Soil
parts unknown.

T\pe Localit\': (inll ol .\den. noitliwestern Indian
O'cean. 13°43'18" N. 47°56'4" E to 13°46'()()" N,
47°5()'42" E, 533 m, JME (1933-34), HE.VIS .VIabaiiiss
station ISS.

Type Malci-ial: iiolotvpe. BMNH 2()()1()4()5, length
32.3 unn. from t\pe localit\'; Parat\pes A-C, BMXH
2()()l()4()4A-(;. Gulf of Acien, northwestern Indian
Ocean, 12°()4'()6" N, 5()°3-S'36" E, 732 m, J.\1E (1933-
34), HE.MS Mabaiiiss station 17fi.

EtymologA": This species is named in honor ol Dr. Al-
exander \'. S\soe\- (Zoological Museum of Moscow State
Uni\ersit\. Russia), recognized scientist who has greatlv
contributed to the knowledge of the malacologs.

Remarks: Ilomiildius si/scn'i:i is herein described
from four shells collected dining the J. ME (1933-34)
that were aireacK' reported and in part figured b\' S\soe\'
(1996: 2, figs. 20-21) undci- the name //. splcncl'idiis. We
ha\e been able to examine the holotvpe ol H. splcinli/his
from the II. Cuming collection and the lour shells horn
|.\I1',, I his has li-d ns (o un(|ncsti(>iiabK sepaiate that lot
ol shells Irom //, sjilcinlidus. The new sjiecies is similar
to H. splciulultis. but clearK distinguishable b\' several
diaijuoslic features, lloraiclaius siisoci i exhibits: more
lanceolate and less (Alindrical bocK shape, bigger size,
smaller and liiii;liei' spiied pi'otoconch, more convex te-
leoconch whorls, small mnnber ol axial ribs, higher u\un-
ber ol spirals, narrower and longer siphonal canal, dif-
ferent shell color. The new taxon is easilv distinguishable
from other members of the genus UoniicUiviis: H. slii-
tocnsis Ovama. 1954 (p. 21. figs. 33-33a). Kuroda. Habe
and Ovama (1971: 213. figs. "l2-I3i. Ovama (1973: 50.
fig. 7) and Tsuchida and Kurozomi i 199(i: 11. fig. 5 (1-
3)) is unicli smaller abiiul 10 mm Icnglhi. llie teleo-
conch is less elongate and ianceolale. v\idi oulv 5-(i
whorls, stronger axial ribs and s[)iral sculpture. We pro-
vide the original drawing oi H. sliitociisis lor comparison
(Figure 17). ilorairlaiits si/socii also dillers markedlv
Irom //. filichirtits (Smith, 1882). this latter sjiecies be-
ing smaller : about 10 mm length), with a teleoconch
more biconical and much less elon<4ated. with oulv 5-6
whorls, stronger and fc^wer axial ribs, and the .ipcrtme
about half of shell length, as can be observed in the

pictures reported In Kuroda. Ilabe and Ovama (1971:
213. figs. 19) and Tsuchida and Kurozomi (1996: 41, fig.
8 (5)). These authors figured also another species of
lldrairlaiiis {op. cit.. p. 41, fig, 8 (6)) that is somewhat
similar in size and teleoconch shape to //. sliitoensls but
completelv different from H. sij.socii \\ ith this note the
geographical distribution ol Ilorairlaius is expanded,
now ranging irom the Japan Sea to the uortliwestem
Indian ( )cean.

.\(:k\owledcments

We wDuld like expiess oiu' deep giatitude to Ms. Katliie
Wav, Dr. John Tavlor. and Mrs. Joan Pickering (all from
HNIXH) for kiiidlv fonvarding the txpe material oi Hor-
(liilriiiis splvndUhis and H. si/socvi and relevant fitera-
ture. We are deeplv indebted to Dr Kurozomi (Natural
IlistoiA' Museum and Institute, (Ihiba. |apan) tor send-
ing valuable references related to Horairlaiiis spp. Sin-
cere thanks are due to Dr. .Antonio Bonfitto ( Laboratorio
di .Malacologia, Universita di Bologna. Italv) and Dr
Paul Calloniou (Department ot Malacologv. .Academv oi
Natural Sciences. Phvladelphia. I'S.A) for help with lit-
erature. We also want to thank Dr. .Marco Oliverio
(Universita di Roma "La Sapienza". Italv) for critical
comments and advice.

LITERATURE CITED

.Adams. A. 1867. Descriptions of new species of shells from
Japan. Procee(liiiy;s ot the Zoological Society of London
[for] 1S66; :3()9-:515. pi. 19.

Kurodrt. T. T. Habe and K. Ovama. 1971. The Sea Shells of
Saiiami Bav, Collected In Ills Majeslv llie Emperor of
|apan. Biological Lahoralon linpen.il llniisehold. Maniz-
en (.'.o.. Tokvo. pp. 51. ISl. 741.

Osama. K 10.51. neseriptioiis ol new s^enera. suhsienus and
specirs. In: i'aki. I anil K. Ovama [Revision of] Matajiro
Vokovama's Pliocene and later faunas from the Kvvanto
rey;ion in |apan. Special Papers ol the Palaeontolos^cal So-
(ietv of |apan 2. pp. 21 -.31.

Ovama, K. 1973. Revision of Matajiro Vokovama's tvpe .\lol-
lusca from Tertian' and Quateniaiy of the Kanto area. Pa-
laeontological Socieh' of Japan. Special Paper 17: 1-14S.

Selu pinan. M. .\1. 1913. Prosohranchia of the Siboga Expedi-
tion. Part 5. Toxoijlossa. Silio<;a Kxpetidie Mon(K.;rapli 49:
.365-452.

Sliiitn. T. 1975. Notes on tvpe species of some tnnid genera
li.iseil on the tvpe specimens in the British Mnsemn
Nil \ Wnus 33: 161 I7.i,

Shiilo. I' I9S3. New tmiid laxa Irom llie \iislralian vv.iters.
Memoirs ol [-".u'lillv ol Seieiices. Kvuslm liiivcrsih. Series
I). Ceologv 25ill: 1-26.

Svsoev. .\. \', 1996. Deep-sea conoidean gastropods collected
In the jolm Murvav I-Apedition. 193.3-34. Bulletin of the
Natural llistorv Musenm. London. Zoologv 62: 1—31.

rsiichida. L. and K. Kurozomi. I9S6. Noteworthy molluscs
dredged liv the RA' 'LwsKi-M viu near Okino-Vama hank
off Boso peninsula, (."entral |apan. journal of the Natural
Iliston- Museum :iud Institute. Chi'ha. 4 1 1 ): 33-49.

THE NAUTILI'S 1 17(3,):87-9{). 2003

Paec S7

Description of SaiI)rofropli()ii i}isj)irafuni new species
(Gastropoda: Muricidae) from X'anuatu

Kolancl Ilouart'

Institut riAul des Sciences
iiutui'elles de Belgiqiie
Rue X'autier, 29
1000 Bnixelles
BELGIUM
rolaiKl.lK)n;irt(p'sk\iU't.l)e

ABSTRACT

Srilhrdtrophon bisinrdliiiii new species is descrilictl lidiii \'a-
niiatu and conipareil witli S. sciiiiatoi (Golikm ami Sirenko,
1992' from the Kiirile Islands and witii S ni^iiui (Houart,
I9S5' triiiii llic I'liilippinc Islands. Tlie three species are illus-
trated.

Aildititnidl /\r(/i( e/'(/.s. \\'(i'j;astr()p(ida, Muncdidea, southwest
Pacific ( )cean.

LNTRODLCTION

Tlie niiiricids coijectcd cliirin,<i; tlie MUSORSTOM S
criiisi- to \amiutu lia\'e iieen t'lumieratcd and tliscussed
1)\ Ilduart (2001 1. Twent\-si\ species \rdw lieeii record-
ed, ol whicli three remained unitlentified and two were
described as new. Tlie niaterial stndied here was alreaiK'
known at tliat time, ho\\e\er it was tlien eonsidereil as
a possible ('oralliophilinai' b\ the autlioi'. Reconsidera-
tion of ni\ prexioiis anaKsis and comparison with the
additional material prompted the description ol Scal)n>-
trophon hispirdiuiti new species herein. This brings the
total number ol nuiricids (exclnding CvOralliopliilinae)
collected dining the MUSORSTOM 8 cruise to X'annatn
to 27: ol these, three .still remain unidentified. Text ab-
breviations: M\H\: Mnsi'-um n:itinn:il d Ilistoire natn-

Table L Shell niorph>.loU\ .ihhrev i.itions i.iller Mrrel. U)99
and 2001 ) isee Fi<;ures 1 and 2'.

SIIOULDKH

IP Infrasntnralv priinan cord (prinian cord

on shoulderi

CONVEX P.VKT OF TKLK()(:()\( llWIIoi;! WD
SIPHON \L(:\\\L

I'l SliDuld.r coni

I'2-PO Pruii.in lords

S1-S4 Si'condan cords

SI Secondan cord lietwecn PI anil P2: S2:

secondaiT. cord hetween P2 and P3. etc,
WW .\dapical siphonal prinian iiird

relle. Paris, France: ZISP: Zoolot^ical Institute of Russian
,\cadein\- of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; dd: clead-
collecteil specimen; i\-: li\e-collectecl specimen (for other
abbre\iations see Table 1).

system.\tk:s

FamiK .Muricidae RafineS([ne. 1S1.5
Genus Scdlirolfi'phitn McLean, I99fi

TApt' species: Tniplwii nidllziiiii Kobelt and Kiister.
LS78; northeastern Pacific, In original desigu;ition.

Remarks: The genus Scahrotroplio)! was introduced
to iuclnde a lew species pre\iousl\' allocateil to
XippouiiliVjiliini Kni'oda and Habe, 1971 (Radwin and
IDAttilio, 197fi; M\ers and D'Attilio, 19S0: Roth, 19S1:
ilouari, 198.5; Tiba and Kosnge. 198,5). McLean (199fii
originalK included fi\e specii-s :ind nine t.ix.i li.i\i' been
:idded In Hon;irt ami L;m (2001,).

Scdhrolicphiui iiispiidliiin new spt.'cit'S
(Figures I, 3-7)

Descriplion: Shell mediimi si/ed loi' the genus, up
to ;it le;ist 41.9 mm in length at matnrit\ (parat\pe
-\i\TI\), broadK bicouical, spinose, lightK built. Pro-
toconch whoils unknown (broken). Spire high, up to fi
l)roatll\ con\e\. shouldered, spinose teleoconch whorls.
Should<r broad. Suture impressed. Sculpture ol teleo-
c'onch whorls consisting of low, narrow axial lamellae,
e.ich witii broad, f!;ittened prinian' spines. Shoulder
spine longest, ( )thei- axi:il sculpture ol mimeroiis growth
striae. F"irst whorl daiii;igi.'d. second :iiid third with 15
lamellae, fourth with 15—18, fifth with 15, last whorl
with 13-15 lamellai'. Spiral sculpture ol high, strong,
narrow. primai"\ corils. ("ouvex part of teleoconch whorl
with PI ;iud l'2 \isible on e;ni\ whorls; PI more loii-
spiciious. Last wborl with Pl-1'4. .S4. I'5, .S5, Pfi. ADP.
IM ;uid l'2 more bro;idlv spaced than P2. P3. and P4: S4
absent in [xiratxpe. Prinian' cords producing long, broad,
flat, weakK abapertnralK' bent .spinelike projei'tions at

Page 88

TIIK NAUTILUS. \ol. 1 17, No. 3

Finiirc I. Sriihi'dlnijiliiiii iiispiriiluiii iirw spctics. lidhilxpc,
.m'mIN. :5V).2 iiiiii l.ii.'tli 'sivTahlc 1).

intcrsfflion ol a\ial laiiii'llac. Slioiildcr spiius more
hroadK (Icsclopcd. l()iit;;i'st, wcakK adapicalK hciit,
•Spiiu's ol P2. I'o, and 1'4 small, alinosi liori/onta! on i'2,
wcakK- aliapicalK l)i-nl on P'l ,ind I'l. rn-si'iKc nl sni.ill
hroadK open spinclcts on IM. S.'i. and l'(i on aliapical
portion ol siplional canal. .Vpfrtnrc lart^c. o\alc. ('olii-
incllar lip narrow, .smooth, with weak. Iiroad parietal
node adajiicalK iholotNpc). rim hrokcn. .\nal notch mod-
eratcK hroad and deep. ( )ntcr iipeitnral lip wcakK lacn
illatc. thin, sniootli willini. Siplional cmal lout;, hroad.
wcaklv ahaxialK hciit al lip. opi'ii. Shell white. Opercii-
Imii and radnia iiiikiii i\\ ii.

Type Material: llolot\]ie. 39.20 leniitli X 22.70 mm
width, and cmc paratspe. hoth MNIIX imnnmliered
(dd), N7() ..\i.is. Cniise .\IUS()KST( )\l S. station (I'
1110, Bouchet and P.ieher de l''or'j;es coll. OS ( )et, 100);
holli Iroin the t\])c ioc .ilil\

Type l.ocalilM Xorlhcast ol r.spirilii S.inlo Isl.ind.
13(S0 m. 14'40' S. Ifi7l.l' I'., \aiiiialii. sonlhwcslcni I'a
cific Ocean.

Elyinoloj^y: Latin iiispiniliiiii. inspired; in comieclion
to the t\pe loc;ilil\. northeast ol I'.spirilii S;iiit(i Kland.

Romarks: Scfihii'lroplioii insj)ir(iliun new species ilil-
lers irom .S. si-nrhiloi ((^olikox and Sirenko. 1092* ( I*'i<i-
lires 2. S-9) Irom the Knrile IsLnids m liaviiiL; a more
oxate a|iertiire ;iiid ;i hroader siplional canal; n;irrower

Figure 2. Si iihiiiliniiliiiii Miiiiatin (.(iliLci\ .unl Sirenko.
UW2). li(il(it\pc. ZlSPh 11° .57628. 24.7 nun lcn;j;tli (si-.' Tahk' 1 !.

and more wideK spaced priman cords tjiving rise to
sliaip. Hat. hroad spine-like projections instead ol round-
ed ones ill S. sairldloi; P2 is less apparent on eark' te-
leoi-onch whorls in .S inspinittuu new species; the spines
ol PI are less npw;ir(IK ciined and eomparati\('l\ longer,
while these ol P3 and P4 are less downwardk cnncd in
.S, iiispiratiDii new species. The new species dillers from
Sriiliniliophoii rc'^iiui (Ilonart. 1985) (Figin'c 10) from
the Philippines in ha\ing moi'e strongK' keeled whorls, a
loii<j;er si|ihon;il canal, lower sjiiral cords, .md nairowcr,
longer s]iine-like [irojections with lowei' ,i\ial lamellae
lu'tx\ceii the sjiines. Moreovc). I lie re is no priman spiral
shoulder cord ill') ;iiid no secondai"\ corils (e\ce]5t S4)
in S. iu.s)>ir(iiuin. while S. rcfiiiia has a shoulder coril and
S2. S3, and S4. respecti\ei\ between P2 and P.). P3 and
PI. PI ,111(1 P") Other species ol Scahrotropltoii are
slidiigk dissimilar ami do not ])t-vi\ to he compared
herein.

\( InXOW l.incMIATS

1 ,1111 most indehted to Philippe i^oiichet (Museum na-
tion.il dilistoire iKiturelle. P;irisi lor gi\ing me the op-
|)orlmiit\ to stiuk die m.iteri.il collected (hn-ing the ini-
meidiis OiiS !'( )\I-\iN 1 1 \ e\|)editioiis and lor reading
tile iiKinnsci ipl. I .1111 also \fi\ gratelnl to 15oris I. .Sir-
enko (Zoological Institute ol the Russian .\ca(leni\ ol
Sciences' lor the loan ol the liolol\]ie ol S. sc/iiiilloi. to
Didiei \Ieile loi his comments on spir.il scniptmc iiior-
pliologx. ;md to \l,ii"eo Olixei io i Lniveisit.i di Kom.i "La

R. Houart. 200;?

I'atlc S9

Figures 3-7. Srnhi-Kliiijilitni species, .'5-7. Sriiliinlrdiilinn iiisjiiniliiiii iii'w speeies, \:iiiu,itu. \/( ) Al.ls. MUS()HST(.)M S, station
CI' 1110. 14 4U' S, l(i7 l.i' !•:., l:3(i() 111 iikl!; 3-.5. Ilolutxpe MMIN. .W.2 miii leri'j;th; (J-7. I'aral\pi' MNHN. 41.9 iiiiii leiii;tli.

.Sapienza". l^i)ma> for luniiisi compart'd tlic new speeies
with eoralliopliilids and tor his coiiiiiK-iits.

LITERATI IU<: CITKD

Houart. H. 19S.5. Trnphoti miiltziiiii Koiiell and Kiister. 1S7S.
an eadier name lor Triiplioii sjiliscrrnlm SohcHiw liSSd
((Jastropmla: Mnrieidae). Inlonnations de l.i Sucleti' Hel'^e
de Maiacologie 13 (2): 61-63.

Houart R 21)01 llii^cnsid Jen nos and eleven new speeies el
Mniicid.ie ' ( i.istropoda I hum \e\\ C ..iledi iiii.i, Xami.ilu,
and W'allis and Fntnna Islands. Tropical Deep-Sea Ben-
thos. \(il. 22. Memoires dii .Mnseum National d'llisloire
NaOirelle IS,-,: 24:5-269.

Houart. 11 .iiul 4' (.'.. Lan. 2001. Description ol SriihiDtinjilu'ii
rlnnijiii new species (Cia.stropoda: Mnrieidae' Irom North-
e.isl I'.uw.m and eonnnents on Xippitiiiitroiilioii Kinrotla
.mil ll.ihe 1971 .md SnihiKtinphoii .McLean. 1996. No-
\ape\ 2 i2l: .■i7 — 12.

Nil Lean. |, II, 1996, Taxonornie Atlas of the I iinliiK laima of
the Santa Nhiria Basin and Western Santa Barhara (Chan-
nel. \'ol. VJ— The Mollnsca I'art 2— The (iastropoda— The

Paw 90

TIIK NAUTILUS. Nol. 117. No. 3

Figures S-IO. Stiihfiiliiijiliitii species eontiiiiieil N-9. Scdiivolidplioii \((irl(ili>i i()oliko\ ;iiid Sireiiko, UK)2i. Kurile Islands,
eashvaid Iroiii Itiirup Islaml. 44°2()..S' X. 14.S"24.()' E. 414 in. liolotxpe il\ >. ZISPli .5T62H. 24.7 mm lensitli; 10. Sciilivolrophon
reoina Ulonart, 1985), Philippine Islands, 13°44' N, 120°31.6' E, 682-770 m, liolohpe (Iv), MNHN, 31 nnn lcnj;tli.

Prosohraneliia. Sania liarhara ,\lusenni (il \atinal 1 listoA':
1-160

Mcrli\ D. UJVW. I, a radiation des .Vluriiiilae ((iastropoda; Xeo-
Siastropoda! an Paleo<j;ene: apyiroelii' pli\l()i;eni''ti(|ne et i''\ -
olntivc. Paris. These de Doctoral d\\ Mns(''niM National
d'llistoirc Nalnrelle. Paris, pj). i-\i. 1-49!),

Mrilc, I). 2001. The spiral cords and die nilmial denticles ol
the onler lip in the .Mnricidai-: tcinnnolo'.;\ and method-
ological eonnnents. Novapcx 2: 69-91.

Vhcrs, W. \\\ ,md .\. D'Attilio. 1980. Ohscnations on Sip]ntii-

olrojilioii sciliilus iDall. 1891) (tJastropoila; Mnricidae:

Muricinae). The Festi\us 12 (7): S4-.89.
Paduin C. and .\ D'Attilio. 1976. Mnrex Shells ot the World.

\n lllnstrated ( Inide to the Mnricidae. Stantord Univer-

sit\ Press. Stanford, pp. 1-284.
liodi, B. 1981. .\notlicr senior s\non\ni in XipponotrDjilioii

(Gastropoda: Mnricidae). The Festi\us 13 i8): .^8-61.
ril)a. H. and S. Ivosn<;e. 1985. (icmis XipjiouolrDphoii Knroda

and llalie. 1971 North Pacific Shells, Occa.sional Pnhli-

cation ol the Insliliile of Malacoloiix, Tok\o. 16: I 10.

THE NAUTILUS 1 17(3):91-9«, 201)3

Paue 91

New and little known speeies of Pseudolividae (Gastropoda
from the Tertiaiy of Chile

Sven N. Nielsen

(;ciili)'4ist'li-l';ila()iit(>li)pseli('s liisdtiil

1111(1 Muscuiii
UiiivcrsitUt Ihuiiliuit;
Biiii(l('sstnissc 55, 2()l4(i Ihiiiilnir^
CKHMAW
iii('lsi'ii@a'()\\iss.mii-lKiiiil)iirsi.(lc

Daniel Frassinetti

MllM'i) \;i(l(ili;il (Ic llislDil.l N.ltlirul

( i.iMli.i 7S7
Saiitiaiio

ciiiLr-:

cllrassiiU'tti(«'niuliii.c!

AHS'IHACT

T\M> iiiw species (il I'sciulolix iilar. Mm run i cniiciji and Iriiiiii-
pliis iiiriitniliiliiiciisifi. are deserihed and li'j;ured liiini Miocene
deposits ol the \a\idad Formation, central (.'liile. Both are
anions Hie oldest known representatives ot tlu'ir respective
genera. |ii\enile specimens ol the .Miocene species TcsUiUiuiii
ccpa iSnwiain. 1846) and the holotxpe of the Eocene Snlrcih-
iir-i-iiiiim nliiMiiii (Philippi, l.SST) are fisjnred for comparison.
( )nc ol till' three s\nt\pes oiMaiuiccnix Djiiiiiiiiii lliipe, 1S54.
anil the lioiotxpe ol MitiiociTiK hlhUllr lliipe IS5I, holli pre-
\'ioirsK iiinsidrred s\ n(Mi\ ms ol I'l^liill'iinii icpii arc li '411 led lor
the firsl lime and s\ iioii\ iii\ is con finned.

ixriionucTiox

II1C earlirst tlcscriptions of Tertian' ga.stropcids nf (."iiile
Will' li\ (I'Orliiiiiu- (1S42). Sowerh\- (lS4(i), lliipe
(1S54), and Philippi (1887). SuliseqiienlK, a major re-
\ision oi Fliofeiie/Pleistocene lamias was eoiidiicted 1)\
Herm (1969). Ni'W collections ol Miocene ^astropod.s
from Clliile niatle h\- the senior author ami Klaus Baiulid
(I laiiil)iir<i, (lernianx) and collections housed in the Mii-
seo Xaeional de Historia Natural (Sauti,nj;o, ( diile) made
li\ the junior author and tlie kite X'ladmiii' (lovaeexnch
( Sautia'j;o, ( 'hile), iuchule a muiiher ol 111 idi'sui lied spe-
cies, aiuonu; them the tAvo new pseiidolixid speeies de-
scribed herein. Tlie lamil\- Psendolixiilae was reeentK'
revised In N'ermeij (1998) who presented a reevaluation
ol the entire lamiK' based on shell characters ol Recent
and lossil species and his classification is followed herein.
Wrmeij ( 1998) attributed the lamiK -name Pseiulolixidae
in his abstract to f'ossmann ( 1901 ' and in the sxstematie
section to Fischer (1884'. However, it was dv (irei^orio
(1880. p. 104) who first introduced this name and the
lamiK is consequentlv attributed In him

.AlthouiJ;h there is a eoiilimioiis psciidnlivul record in
South .America since the Late ( ,'i( taeeoiis. lew species
have been described (\"enneij. 1997. 1998i. OiiK three
Chilean Tertian' species are known Niiiiieii and Di--
V'ries, 1997): the Eocene Sulcoluu t iuiiin rrhiMiin (Phi-

lippi, 1887), (he .Miocene iisldlliuin ci'p/i (Soweiin.
184fi), which also occurs in Peru, and the Pliocene Tcs-
taUhiiH vsailoniii Nermeij aiul DeN'ries, 1997.

StilrchiKiiiiinii i'(1ii\uiii conies Iroin strata near the
village ol Algarrobo 1 l-'ii^^ure I), north ot San Antonio.
Chile. From an interlid.il platloini ol that village. Va)-
cene and Late ( jclaceoiis sediments are known. Be-
cause no material olhei ihan the holot\pe is known, and
the genus Siilcohiicriniini d'Orbignv, 1850, is known
from the Cainpanian onwartl (Wrmeij, 1998), the age ol
the species remains unclear. However, N'ernieij (1998)
regarded this species as ol earlv Eocene age. Gastrkliiim
rcfiisiim Philippi, 1887. was reassigned to Biiccincrhi'-:
Conrad. 18fS5, bv Wrmeij and DeWies (1997), a genus
later considered to be a SNnion\m ol Siilcobitcciniiin
(Wrmeij, 1998), However, the holot^pe of G. irfusiiiu
(Figures 13-14, S(;().PI.7fi5, height 43 nun) has never
been figured since tin' original drawing was published
In Philippi ( 1887). The remaining species reported here
come from tlie Navidad Formation ( Figtu'e 1).

ABBREXI.ATIONS

MNHN-IjCi: Mnseiim iial a! d llistoire natniclle. La-

boratoire de (Geologic, Paris, France. SCO. PL Mnseo
Nacional de Historia Natural. Departamento de Paleon-
tologfa de Invcrtebrados, Santiago, (diile. S.MF: Seuck-
enberg Museum. Fraiikliirl. (icrmanv.

SYSTEM ATK : P\LF,( )N l( )L( )( :V

Faniilv Pseudolividae de ( hcgorio, 1880
(ienus Macron H. and .\ \dams. 1853

T\pe Speeies: l\(ii(liilii n krllillii \ .\dams, 1855 ( =
Bufchnini miliu'iis Reeve. lS47i: Receiil, West Mexico.

Mtiii'on icnnciji new specii'S
1 Figures 7, S, 10, 1 1)

Description: Slull medinm-si/.ed, ovate, spire low.
cousistni'' ol five lo six whorls, Heitilit-to-witlth ratio

Page 92

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 1 17. No. 3

Figure 1. T\pe localities of Mdcrcii vcnnciji and Triiiinplii
iiKiihiiliiliucti.sis and other loealities nientioned in (he text.

1.25. Wlioiis scpaiatcd In nariciw siitiiic. Last wIkiiI
large, conijirising Ho7c ol total .slu'll ln'ight, rouiuli'd.
con.stricteil hasalK abcnc .siphonal laseiok'. Fseiuiolixid
groove situated low on l.ist wliorl. (cnninating in distinct
lahral tooth. Spiral senlpturc consisting of three eorils
below pseiRlolixid groo\e and \v\\ lain! threads ahtnf.
locial sculpture absent except lor laint growth lines. Pro-
toconch iniknowii. Outer lip [)lanar. .Vnterior notch pre-
sent. I'elleeted as groove inside last quarter ol last whorl.
Interior ol outer lip lirate. C.'oluniellar callus cutting
deepK in(o loinier whorl, having two weak tokls at en-
trance to siphonal canal. ( jilninella with t^\() weak tokls
at entrance lo siphonal canal. Siplional laseiole jironii-
nent, lionnded al)o\e li\ keel. Vnterior noleli deep, no
nniliiliens.

T\pe Material: ilolotvpe Sr.O.PL598S (height 24
nun. width UJ niiii'. paral\])e S( ;().PI..'571-4 (height 22.5
iniU; togetlier with nine jn\enile speeiniens ol Tcsltilliilin
ccjHi). EarK' late Miocene i Tortonian). \a\idad l''orina-
tioii.

Type L^)c•alit^ (Figure 1): \l)(int one kilonieler north
o( Nhitan/as. C'hiie. EarK late Miocene (Tortonian), Na-
xielad Eorniatiou (see Frassinetti and Onacevich (1993)
lor more details on the localit\).

Occurrence: Siiecinieiis ol lln' new species ol Mncniii
were collected on an intertidal platlorni aboni 1 km
north of the \illage ol Matau/.as as described b\ I'las
sinetti and OAiicevich (1993) and from a lossil-bearing
letis about 2 ni higher in the section. That lens, however.
\va.s severely eroded the lollowing \ear It has been dated
as Tortonian (n|)|)er Miocene! based on i'"orarninih'ia

I'liiger et ak, 2003). The aecoiupanying gastropod lauua
indicates maiulv a sluillow-water environment but .some
possible deep-water species are present (Nielsen and
l)e\'ries. 2002), such as Xnioplwra piiuliiuiv Nielsen and
DeX'ries, 2002. .\ deeji-water enxironnient is also indi-
cated b\ bentliic l^'oraminilera. the ostracod a.sseniblage
I l''inger et al.. 2003 1, and the presence of otoliths ol fish
species in the genus Stciiulacliiwria (Noll. 20021. This
contrasting evidence mav be due to slumping of shallow-
water sediments into deeper water, a model supjiorted
b\ the presenei' of reworked mudstone clasts. The sed-
imentolog\ of these deposits was discussed elsewhere
(iMicinas et ak, 2003 i.

FlMiu)l<>g\: Ncuni'il m honor ol (i. |, \ermeij (Uni-
\ersit\ ol (.'alilornia. Da\is. Ceolog)) who contributed
'j;reatK to the knowledge ol tlie Psendoliv idae.

Discussion: .\nother possibK conspecilic specimen is
S( i( ).l'l,7(i(i (i''igure 5, height 30.9 nun) from Na\idad.
Other species trom tlu' Teitiarx olC^hile resembling A/«-
(■;•())/ icnucij are the Eocene Sulc(>l)ucriiiuin rctiisinii.
and the Pliocene Tcstalliiiin csciilouiti. Siilcohiicciuitin
rcliisiini has the pseudoli\id groo\e situated high on the
last whorl and is smooth inside the outer lip. linenHe
speeiniens of t'cshillium ccpd i I'ignres 4. (i. 9. 12. both
|)art of S(;O.PI.(3714) ol' about the same size as presnm-
aliK adult Macron vcnnciji diller in not having lirae in-
side the outer lip. in ha\iug more numerous .spiral ele-
ments Ik4o\\ the pseiidoli\4d groo\e. and in ha\ing the
eolumellar callus secreted (jnto lormer whorls, rather
than culling deepK into them. Most ol the larger spec-
imens ol 'icsliiUinm ccpa (Figures 2, 3, part of
S(;O.Pl..')714. height l(i nmi) ha\'e additional spiral <>l-
eiuents above the pseudolivid groove and a more glo-
bose aiipearance, characters that are even more promi-
ni'ut in adults, 4lie I'liocene Tcstalliuni cscalonia has a
liighei' spire. sli"on<j;er spiral sculpture and no lirae inside
(lie outer lip.

4'lie spue niMiiiTiin icnnciji is relati\el\ nuieh lower
than lli.it ol .iii\ previousK known species ol Miicnni
(height-to-w idth r.itio 1.25 in M. unnciji compared w itii
1.9 to 4.1 in other species) anil its last whorl is relatively
larger (S3'7f of total shell height compared with (iS to
7I'( ill olhei' species) so that the diagnosis of the genus
ij;iveii b\ \<'iineij ( 199(S) must be emended to include
this species.

Macron icnnciji extends the geographic distribution
ol the othenvise strictlv northern Pacific gemis Macron
into the southeastern Pacific. It is the lowest-.spired .spe-
cies of Macron and thus closelv resembles .sjiecies ol
I'scnilolira Swainson, IS40, from wliieli it mainly dillers
l)\ liie III, lie interior ol its onler lip. It is nol onlv inler-
mediate iii slieil-h)riii but also comes Irom ,iii area gi'o-
graphicallv belween the iiiamlv northeast Pacific .\/r/er()/i
and the .South .Mrican t'scndolira These genera have
their origins in the (lower) Miocene of Ncne/nela (Ma-
cron: (ubson-Smith et ak. I997i and Madeir.i il'scudo-
lira: \erniei|, I99S).

S. N. Nielsen and D. Frassinetti, 2003

Pa,^e 93

Figures 2-12. PsiMiddlixldac linm llic- N.inkLuI l-'ni iii.iliini. 2—4, (i, 9, 12. Trslulliiiiii rijin (Sowciin. 1S4(-)I. 2, .3. \(liill s|H'c-iiiit'n
SC;O.P1..37l4, hcK^lit 46 iiiiii. 4, ». lii\(iiilc spi'cinifii S(;O.PI.3714. Iicijjlit 2(1.3 iiiiil fi, 12. |iivcnllc spcciTin-ii S(;0.n.371 4. height
23.5 nun. 5. 7, S, 10, 11. Miuinii i riniiiji new species. 5. el. Macron el. vi'miciji plaslei easi of S(;().PI.7(i(i. hei<Thl .30.9 nnn
(phi.to ei.nrtesN of T. J, DeWies. 7, 10. Fanitxpe SCO, IM, 371 4, hei'.;ht 22.3 nini. S, 11. IhiKilxpe S( U) I'l .39SS. Iiei<;hl 24 nnn.)

Page 94

THE NAUTILUS, \'o\. 117, No. 3

Fijijurcs 13-20. I'scndoluidac Irorii the CliilcMii Tcr(i;ii-\-. 13, 14. Siilcohiicciiium rcliisiiin , I'liilippi. ISS7K llolotvpc .S(;(XPI.Vfi5.
hcisilit l.'i mill. I(), 19. 'rhntiipliis iiHiilriilrtliuciisis sp. no\. Il<)l()l\pr SCOM'l ."5523. lici<j;lif 29 iiiiii, 15, 17, 1<S, 20. Tcsl/illiuiii rcpd

(,So\vfii)v, 1S46). 15, 17. S\w{\-\m- i){ Monoccros opwiuin lliipr, l's.")l, \l\ll\ I C (;.42()()27(1, liri<;lil r,S IS, 20. Ilolohpcof

Monocems lahialc llupr, rS54. MMIX-I.C (;n2()()2/71. licisjlit SO iiiiil

S. \. Xii'lsfii and D. Frassinetti. 2()(«

'am^ 95

(iciiiis Tc^ldlliiiiii \criiicij and OiA Vies. H)i)i

T\pt' Spi'C'it's: Ciisl liiiiiiin ccpa SowciIin, IS4fi: Mio-
cene. ( .'Inle.

TcstaUiniH cijtd iSii\\it1i\. lS4(ii
(Fitinics 2^, H. 9. 12. 15. IT. IS. 20)

Discussion: TcsttiUinm ccpa lia.s lieen di.scn.ssed in ilc-
tail li\ \ernieij ami DeWies (1997) and it i,s present at
most Miocene localities Iroin sontliein Peru (DeWies
and Frassinetti. ■li)i)^\ to Isla Stokes, southern (lliile
(Fra.ssinetti. 2001 i and ahnndant in the Na\idad F-'oi-
niation. IIo\\e\er. jn\i'nile specimens (Fit^ures 4. fi, 9,
121 ha\i' not been figured and the tlu'ee s\nt\pes of A/o-
nocfnis opiinuni Hupe. 1854 (Figures 15. 17; MNHN-
LC; C;,i);2()02/70: height 5S nmi) and the holot\pe of'A/o-
nocciw lahifili llnpe. 1 S54 (Figures IS. 20; MNHN-LG
(:g20()2/71; height SO mm), put into s\non\ni\' with 7e.v-
liilliiiiii ccpa h\ X'ermeij and DeWies (1997). were nn-
av.iil.llile at th.it time Iiecanse the loeadon ol the colk'C-
tion tlescrihed In 11ii[H' was unknown, l\edisco\en ol
Ilupe's t\pes in the MNHN-LG allows us lo figure those
specimens lierein, confirming the inlerretl s\iK)n\ni\.
.According to new tlata its stratigraphic range is lower-
most (DeN'ries and Frassijietti. 2003) to upper Miocene
(Finger et ak. 2003).

(ieiius rriiiiiijilii\ (u'a\, 1 S57

T>pe Species: Biicciiiuiii ili\Uu1iini Wood. 1S2S: He-
cent. ('aril)hean Sea.

iiiiuHj>lu\ iiiiiilciiliiliiicii^i.s new spi'cies
(Figures IH. 19)

Dcscrijition: Sliell motlerateh large with stepped
whorl prcjKle. Protoconch unknown. Whorls with steep,
ahnost straight. sliglitK concaxe sides. Fast whorl with
strong, riilge-like shonlder. Whorl slightK constricted
helow slioulder. forming a concave area lollowed In' con-
vex, globose region. Whorl anteriorlv constricted and
thus well defining short. slightK tvvisted sijihonal canal.
Broad. Hat piiman spiral eoids jiresent on whole whoil.
U\n to three finer secondan cords betvs'een them. .\.\ial
sculpture of low. binnt nodes between suture and pe-
ripheiy present on earK whorls, becoming obsolete on

last whorl, .\perture o\al. cohmiella sn th with weak

lold at opening ol siphonal eanak ()ntei lip unknown.
Siphonal lasciole strongK developed. Psendoumbilicus
lonned bv lasciole and inner lip might be an artifact
caused In eiosicju. Height 29 nun.

Tvpc Material: llok.lvpe S(;(),P1.5523.

Type Locality (Figure I): Ivnlv late .Miocene iTor-
tonianl. Xavidad k'orriiation. .\t the coaslai tlitf about
500 m south ol the I'.stero Maitenlahue, <:lnle to th<'
north ol' Hio Rapel. at loialitv 14097(S.4 ok ( jivacev icli
and Fra.ssinetti (19Sfi).

Occurrence: Thi' new species ol i'riinnjiliis was col-
lected about 500 m south ol Fsleio .Maileulahue to the
uorlli ol liio llapel i al the uppei' margin ol l''i'j;ure 1).
'I'liis sp(^'cific localitv has not been ilated, but nearbv lo-
calities intlicate a Tortonian (np[)i'r .Miocene) age (Fin-
ger et ak, 2003).

Etymoloj5\ : Named alter the (\\tv localitv near the
I'^steio .Maitenlahue. ( ^Inle.

Discussit)n: iniunphi\ has been included m the 1am-
ilv Buccinidae Hafines(|ne. 1S15 bv most woikers (e.g.
Keen. 1971 ). but Wrnieij (199-S) transferred it to Pseu-
dolividae anil this is followed here, .\part troni the \\v-
cent tvpe species. Trhunphi\ ilisUirln. onlv one poorlv
preserved specimen ol 'rhiiinpliis sp, Irom the niitklle
Miocene ol Kern ( ,'ountv. ( 'ahioruia has been reported
(Addicott, 1970). Triunipliis iiKiilciildliiicnsis differs from
Triuiitpliis (lisloiifi in being constricted bekm the riilge-
like shoulder, m having subetjual spiral oinanieiit. and
in having a well-defined siphonal canal. It dikleis from
species ol tlu' similar genus Xicciiui Woodriiig. 19(i4. bv
having its ridge-like shoulder as .tn exterioi" projection of
the posterior notch at the suture and not below the
notch and sutui'e. Xiii'iiid v\as (.'onsiilered to lielong to
the Imccinid snblamilv Photinai- Troschek 1S67. In \'er-
meij (199S). Tiiiiiiiphi.s nuiitcnldliiicnsis could be an in-
termediate species between T tlistoild and tlu' genus
Niccnui: hov\'(ner. as Wrmeij ( 199S) adecjuati'lv ob-
sened, "anatomical data and molecular se([uences will
be needetl to confirm the phvlogenetic affinities of
niuiupltis" (p. 73). and "anatomical obsenations on the
living .\ \uliri>\lrdld will be needi'd to confirm assign-
ment of \icciiiii to the Photinae" (p. 74).

ACKN()\\I.F1)(;.MENTS

Klaus iiaudel is thanked tor discussions and companion-
ship in the fielil. S. Kiel for connnents on an earlv ilratt
of the manuscript, and E. X'inx for taking some of the
photographs (all Cieologisch-Paliiontologisches Institut
und Museum, liniversitat Hamburg. Germanvl. .\lan G.
lien (Lov\er Hntt. New Zealand! mack' vei"\' valuable
conuiients including those ol a linguistic nature. Piiilippe
Bouchet coufiiined attribution ol Pseuck)livic!ae to de
(Jregorio. ('omments bv T. ] DeXiies and two anonv -
mons revieweis are gratefullv ackmnvledged. This work
w.is fin.inci.iliv supported bv tlie Deutsche Forscliungs-
gemeinschaft (DFG) grant Ba 675/25. a grant of tlie
Universitv of Ham!)urg and a COLPARSYST-grant to
stuck the collections in |-'aris.

LITERATI' BJ-. CITED

Adilicott, \\ ( ), 15)70 Miocene gastro]iotls and liiostratii^raphv
111 llic Kciii liner arc'a. Oalikirriia. L'liitcd States ( ieoloij-
ical Sunev I'riilessioiial Paper (i42: 1-174.

Cossiiiann. M. 1901. Fssais dc I'aleiiconcliolot^ic (.'oiiiparec' 4.
l^aris. .\!. ( ^iissiiiann. 29.) pp.

Ginacevicli, \'. ami iJ. Frassincttr UJSh. ['A 'rywcro ('diiccllnriii

Paw 96

THE NAUTILUS, \ol. 117, No. 3

en el .Mioceno de Chile eon deseiipeion de enatri) espe-
eies nue\a.s (Gastropoda: Caneeliariidae). Hevista (Jeolo-
gica de Chile 2S-29: 3:3-67.

do Gregorio, A. ISSO. Fauna di San (Jitnanni llarionc (I'arisi-
anoi. Parte 1(1), Palermo, i-x.v\iii. I III)

d'Orhiilnx, .\. D. 1S42. \'o\age dan.s l.-Vniericjue iiicrididnalr.
\ol. 3. Part 4. Paleontologie. Paris, 187 pp.

De\ lies, T. J. and D. Frassinetti. 2003. Range extensions and
hiogeographie iniplieations ol Chilean Neogeiie niollnsks
found in Peru. Boleti'n del .Vluseo Naeioiial de llisloiia
Naturid de Chile 52: 1 19-135.

Eneinas, A., K. Finger. S. Nielsen, M. Suarez. O. Peterson .uid
]. Le RoiLx. 2003. Evoluei6n tectono-sedinientari:i de l.i
Cuenea Neogena de Na\idad (3.3°4()' S-.34°15' SI, Chile
eentral. 10" Congreso Ceologieo Chileno. 2003. Concip-
eion. Chile.

Finger. K.. D. Peterson, .-\. Fneinas and S. Nielsen. 2003. Mi-
erolaunal indieations ol late Mioeene deep-water l)asins
off the eentral coast ol Chile. 10" Congreso (Jeologieo
Chileno. 2003. Coneepeion. (Iiile.

Fiseher, P. 1884. Manuel de (^onelnliologie el de p.ilc cmtologie
eonelnliologiqne on histoire natnrelle des inollns([ues \i-
vants et I'ossiles. Faseieule \'II. Paris. F. Saw. (109-688.

Frassinetti, D. 2001. Molnseos l)i\al\()S \ sastropmlos del Mio-
ceno niarino de Isla Stokes, Snr de (,'hile. Bolelin del .Mn-
.seo Nacional de llistoria Natural de Chile .50: 73-90.

F"rassinetti, D and \'. Co\ace\ich. 1993. BixaKos ik'l Mioceno
de Matanzas (Formacion Navidad, Chile Central). Boleti'n
del Mnseo N:K'ional de llistoria Natnnil de (liile 44: 7.3-
97.

Cihson-Sinith. |.. W. (lihson-Siuilh and (i. |. \enneij. 1997.
Pacific Mexican alfinities ol new species ol the gastropod

genera Macron (Pseudoli\idae) and Scorapaua (Murici-

daei from the Cantaure Formation (EarK Miocene) of

\eue/uela. The \eliger 40: 358-363.
llcnii I) 1969. .Marines Plioziin mid Pleistoziin in Nord- und

\lillrl-Cliile unter hesonderer Ueriicksichtigung der En-

Iwicklmig der Mollusken-Fanuen. Zilteliana 2: 1-159.
llupe, II. 1854. .Malacologia \ con(|niliologfa. In: C. Gav (ed.)

llistoria h'sica \ poli'tiea di' Chile. \'ol, 8 and .\tlas (Zool-

ogfal. Mauldi' et Kenou. Paris, 449 pp.
Keen. .\. M 1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Ma-
rine Mollnsks Irom Baja California to Peni. Second edi-

lion Stanford Uni\ersitv Press, Stanford, 1064 pp.
Nielsen, S. N. and T. J. DeWies. 2002. Tertiar\ Xenophoridae

(Gastropoda! ol western South .\nierica. The Nautilus

116: 71-78.
Noll 1). 2002. Fossil record and p.ileobiogeograpln ol Slciii-

ildrliiwria (Pisces. Gadilormes). ('ourier Forsclunigs-ln-

stilnt Senckenlierg 237: 89-95.
I'hilippi, H .\, 1887. Die tertiiiren nud (juartiireu X'ersteine-

rungiii Chiles. F. .\. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 266 pp.
So\\crl)\. C B.. 1. 1846. Descriptions ol Tertian' fossil shells

Irom South .America, p. 249-264. .Appendix to C. Darwin,

Geological ohsenations on South .America. Smith. Elder

6v' ( 'o.. fjondon.
N'eiineij. G. |. 1997. Decline and contraction; the histon ol the

relictnal gastropod laiiiiK l\cU(loli\ iclae. (leohios .30: 997-

1002.
\ermeij, C. |. 1998. Generic revision ol the neogastropod lam-

il\ l\eu(loli\i(lae. The N:uitiliis III: .5.3-84.
Wrnieij, (i. I .md T |. I)e\ries. 1997. Taxonomic remarks on

(^eno/oic pseudolixid gastrojioils Irom South .\meriea.

The \Vliirer40: 2.3-28.'

THE NAUTILI'S 1 17(3):97-9S, 2003

Paiie 97

Notice

/0

ijCv 1^^ Annual Meeting

American Malacological Society

Sanibel Island, Florida
" 31 July-4 August 2004

W'

I am s^lad to ainiDUiicr tliat tlic 7((tli \iiiiiiai Mcctiii'j; iil
tllf American \Ialafol()t;;it'al SocietN will take placi- on
beautiful Sanibel Island. Florida, from Satnrda\, |ul\ 31.
to Wednesday .Vii^nst 4. 2004. Sanibel I.sland i.s a woild-
renowiied. nature-oriented tra\el destination that is also
famous for its lionntilnl mollnscan resources. The event
will be hosted b\ The I3aile\ -Matthews Shell Museum
anil will have as its main \enne the Snndial fk'acli l-le-
S01I:, located on the eastern part ol the island.

Sanibci Island. Fliitid.i

I lie -\irieriean MahK-olo^ical ,Societ\ is a (Knamic inlei-
national societ^ ol individuals and ori^ani/ations with .111
active interest in the stuiK and conse?"\ation of molliisks.

AMS coxt'rs a wide ranij;e ol subjects in the field ol uiol-
luscan studies, ant! its meetings. s\ mposia. sessions, post-
ers, and special events reflect tliat.

K svniposium on the l^elationships ol lln' Xeotijastropoda
will be couM'iied b\ .\l. i\. ilaiasewAch of the National
Museum ol Natural Histon at the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. Special sessions will include Biodivcrsitv olMarine
Mollusks (ory;ani/ed b\- Gustav Paulav. Florida .Museum
ol Natural Ilistoiv); Coastal .Mollnscan .Assemblagi's as
Emironmental Indicators (.Michael Sa\arese, .\swan\-
X'oletv, antl Greg Tolle\', Florida (Jul (Joast Unixersitv):
Sxstematics of Freshwater Gastropods (Rnssel Minton,
Louisiana State Uni\ersit\): (:lnli,il Marine Bivalve I.Oa-
tabase Workshop (Gusta\' Paulav. Floriila Museum of
Natural llistoi-v. Paul \'. Scott. Santa Barbara Musiiim
of Natural Histon, and Graham Oliver National Muse-
ums and Clalleries ol Wales), and Terrestrial Mollusks as
.^gricultiual and iMivironinental Pests (David Robinson,
United States D<'partment of .'\gricultnre/.\cademv of
Natural Sciences ol Philadelphia I. In addition, a special
Iniiim organized In Ken Haves, Anna Bass, and .\mv
Wethiugton. all graduate students in malacologv. will lo-
cus on ,111(1 discuss common issues and problems faced
In soon-to-be prolessionals in Hie (icid.

ic sponsored bv the
rhe Bailev-Matthews

Till- ,Odi \\ al .Meeting will

American Malacological Sociiiv
shell Museum, and the Sauibcl-( 'apliva Shell Cdub. vvidi
additional sujijiort Ironi the Sanibel-Gaptiva C^liamber ol
C;onunerce, Sundial Beach Resort, J. N. ""Ding" Darling

Page 98

THE NAUTILUS. Vol. 117. NO. .3

National Wildlife Refuge, Moriiia (iiill ('oast University.
and C:apti\a ("nii.ses.

Tlie Sanihel-C-aptiva Siieil (linl) will sjionsoi tlie Sliell
Museum Open flonse on Sundax. .\iigusl 1 Tln' cl()siii<4
hancjuet will he a dinner-eniise aboard Capliva Uruises's
L.M)V Cii.\Dwic.'K, a two-deck \essel liolding 250 pa.sscn-
eers.

Nautilus sIkIc M Sundial Resort

.S])c(iall\ piieeil rates at the Sundial Beach Hcsort will
he availahle lor lueeting participants at $ll()/night lor
re<iular rooms. S125 tor thi' (nill \ iew rooms, and S175
lor tw(i-hedroom suites. Smidial is willing to accommo-
date up to fi students per suite, which will help decrease
the cost of accommodations lor participants on a low
htidget.

Three field trips are planned Im llic last da\ iil the mict-
ing. \\ednesda\'. ,\ugust 4: .\ iiatine-wakhing \isit to |.
N. "Ding" Darling National W'ildlile Heltige on Saniliel.
guided h\ jirolessional ornithologist and Shell Mnseimi
\()lmiteer Dr. Jon (Ireenlaw; a da\long hoal trip to Ua\o

(losta State Park guided In seuioi Shell Miiseinn stall
iloetited on isolated and mide\eloped ('a\o Costa, the
park oilers pristine \iew's ol the (aill. dunes, lagoons,
and ojiporttmities for shell collecting; no liw-mollusk
collecting is allowed i;i the park or elsewhere in Lee
Countv); and a \isit to a Plio-Pleistocene lossil pit in
Sarasota Coinitx gtiided In Roger Portell. inx'ertehrate
paleontologist at the Florida .Museum ol Nattuiil His-
toid.

;x'k'«* ,

t'^'^L^'^

JK'^^.,

PlinCL'Hc fossil asscmbUmc in s

More than 24 airlines service Southwest Florida Inti'i-
national ,\irport in neighhoring Foii .Mvers (30 minutes
from Sanih(>l). The Lee Island Uoast region offers many
o|)portnnities tor side trips on \oiir own, depending on
\()iii mtcicst: Edison-Ford Winter Estates, Miracles
haschall games, atid Everglades \alional Park, to name
a lew.

Moic iiilormalion C'lieck tiie mccliii'j, Weh site:
www.shi ■lliiiiiscimi.org/AMS/ii nil A ill m

( 'ordialK.

lose II Leal. PhD

President, .\nierican Mahnologiial Societ\"

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FHE NAUTILUS

Voltime 117, Number 4
December 23, 2003
ISSN 0028-1344

A cjiiaiierbj devoted
to malacology.

EDITOIMN-CHIEF

Dr. jose H. Leal

The Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum
3075 Sanibel-Capti\ a Road
Sanibel.FL 33957

MANAGING EDITOR

Ghristiua Petrikas

The Baile)-Matthews Shell Museum
3075 Sanibel-Captiva Road
Saiiibel.FL 33957

EDITOR EMERITUS

Dr. M. G. Harascwych
Department of Invertebrate Zoolog)
National Museum of

Natural llistoiy
Smitlisonian Institution
Washington, DG 20560

GONSULTING EDITORS

Dr. Riidiger Bieler
Department of Invertebrates
Field Museum of
Natural Histor\-
Ghicago.IL 60605

Dr. Artiiur E. Bogan

North Garoiina State .Museum of

Natural Sciences
Raleigh, NG 27626

Dr. Philippe Bouchet
Laboratoire de Biologie des

Invertebrcs Marins et Malacologie
Museum national d'Histoire natmelle
55, rue Buffon
Paris, 75005 France

Dr. Robert M. Gowie

C-enter ibr Gonsenation Research

anfl Training
University ol I lawaii
.3050 Mai'le V\'a\. Gilmore 409
Honolulu,! 11 96.S22

Dr. Robert T.Dillon, Jr.
Department ol Biolog)-
Gollege of Gharlestoii
Charleston, SG 29424

Dr. Eileen II. Jokinen
8234 E. North Shore Road
SaultSte. Marie. MI 49783

Dr. Douglas S.Jones
Florida Museum of Natural Histon.'
Universitv of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611-2035

Dr. Harn G. Lee

1801 Barrs Street, Suite 500

Jacksonville, FL 32204

Dr. (Charles Lydeard
Biodiversity and Systematics
Department of Biological Sciences
Universit\()l Alabama
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487

Dr. James H. McLean
Department of Malacolog)'
Natural Histoiy Museum
oi Los Angeles C'ounty
900 Exposition Boulevard
Los Angeles, GA 90007

Dr. Paula M.Mikkelsen
Department of Living Invertebrates
The American Museum of Natural

HistoiT
NewYork, NY 10024

Dr. Diarmaid 6 Foighil

Museum ofZoologvand Department

of Biolog)-
Universit\' of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079

Dv. Gusta\ Paulay

Florida MuscMun of Natural Histoiy
Universitv of Florida
Gainesville, FL 3261 1-2035

Mr. Richard E. Petit

PO. Box 30

North Myrtle Beach, SG 29582

Dr. Gar\' Rosenberg
Department of .Mollusks
The Academy of Natural Sciences
1900 Benjamin Franklin Park-\vav
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Dr. .Angel X'aldes
Department of Malacology-
.Natural History Miiseiun
of Los Angeles Gounty
900 Exposition Boulesard
Los Angeles, GA 90007

Dr. Geerat J. Wrmeij
Department of Geology
Universitv of Galifornia at Davis
Davis, G A 95616

Dr. C;. Thomas Watters
Aquatic Ecolog)' Laboratoiy-
1314 Kinnear Road
Golumbus. OH 43212-1 194

Dr. John B.Wise

Houston Museum of Natural Science

Houston, TX 77030-1799

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THE €9 NAUTILUS

CONTENTS

Yoliiini' 117. \'iiiiih(r 4

DccriiilHT 23. 2003

ISSN 0028-1344

G;ir% Rosenlicrs^
Hichard i:. IVlil

Patricia Miloslaxich

E. Klein

P. E. Penchaszadeh

Kaifliai's Card C'litiilo'^iic of W'oiiil-W'hie Shells: A
collatidii. with discussioii ol species named therein.

99

RepiiKliietiiin ol CniikUild luniciila Miuxli, 1S77 ami
Crcpidiila (ipliisu>hli\ Hce\e. 1S59 (Caenosjastropoda) from
McinoeoN and I .a Hestin'fa Lailcion. \'ene/nela

121

V/oods Hole Ocf?a"!jordoriic f.si.iui^on

JAN 5 2004

V..— -ofv-J, M'. (ii.Z'7.

STATEMENT OF OWMIRSIIIP. MANAGEMENT ANO CIRCULATION

1 . Pul)lirati()n Title, THE NAUTILUS.

2. Publication No., 0028-1344.

3. Filing Date. November 13, 2003.

4. Issue F'requenev, (^)uarteii\.

5. No. of Issue.s Publishcnl .\nnnaii\, Foin".

6. Annutd Subscription Price, US .$.5fS.()().

7. Complete Mailing Acklress of Known Office of Publication, .307.") Sanibcl-Ca])ti\a f-ioail, Sanibcl. FI, 33957.

8. Complete Mailing .address of Headquarters, same as 7.

9. Full Names and C-omplete Mailing Addresses of Publisher, The Bailc\ -Matthews Shell Museum. 307.5 Sanibel-
Capti\a Road. Sanibel, FL 3.3957.

Editor. Dr. Jose H. Leal, address as above.
Managing Editor, Christina Ajuria, address as above.

10. Owner. Shell Museum and Educational Foundation, inc.. address as above.

1 1. Known Bondholders. Mortgagees, and Other Secnritv Holders Owning or Hokling 1 Percent or More of Total
.\m()uut of Bonds, Mortgages, or Other Securities, None.

12. The pmpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the t;L\ exempt status for fi-deral income
tax puiposcs has not changed during the preceding 12 nidnlhs.

13. Publication Name, THE NAUTILUS.

14. Issue Date for Circulation Data Below, October 28. 20();5.

15. Extent and Nature of ('irculation

.\verage
12 month

Single
issue

A. Total Number of Copies

B. Paid Circulation

1. Paid/Recjuested Outside-( .■omit\ Mail Subscriptions

2. Paid Iu-(;ount\' Subscriptions

.3. Sal(>s Through Dealers aTid (Carriers, Street Wntlors.
Counter Sales, and Other Non-USPS Paid Distribution
4. Other Classes Mailed Through the USPS
(]. Total Paid and/or Re(|uested ( ,'irculatiiin

D. Free Distribution l)\ Mail

1. Oulside-(,"ount\'

2. ln-Comit\

3 Other Classes Mailed Through the LISPS

E. Free Distribution Outside the Mail

F. Total Free Distribution

C. Total I^istribution

H. ( lopies not Distributed

I. Total

J. Percent Paid andyor i{e<jues(ed Circulation

520

.520

390

399

0

0

0

0

25

25

415

424

32

32

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0

32

32

447

456

73

64

520

520

93%

93%

THE NAUTILUS 1 17(4):99-12(), 2003

Page 99

Kaicher s Card Catalo<^uc of Worlcl-Wulc Shells: A collation,
wdtli discussion of species named therein

Gai-A Rost'iihcrg

Tlie Ac-;i(li'ni\ ol Natural ScieiK't-s
1900 Bcnjaiiiiii l""raiiklin Park\\a\
Philadelphia, PA lOKH USA
niscnliiMii(nansp.(inj;

Richaid E. Fclil

.S()6 St. Charles Roail

Xorth M\Ttle Beach. SC 29.597 U.SA

r.e.pctitCe'worldnet.att.net

ABSTRACT

ICaieher's Ctird Ciiliilni^iic of Waild-W iili' Shells is a series ot
cards illustratiiii; gastropotl niolhisks, with one species lieiiis:;
shown on each card. More than 6,300 cards illustrating about
.5S6() species were issued in 60 "packs" between 197.3 and
1992. These cards are especialK important as inan\ show t\pe
specimens, .\11 packs and the range of the cards inchided in
each are collated, as are changes and corrections to the cards
made li\ Kaichi'r, other authors, and herein. Tin' status ol miss-
ing card numbers is clarifii'd: some were accidentalK skipped,
others were removed In Kaicher before publication.

Nine species were inad\ertentl\ named in the Ciinl Ciitii-
/(igi/f; all ha\e short descriptions and theretore are not uudi'
names, T\pc material for eight of these is detailed, with des-
ignation ol six lect<)t\pes, CaUioslotiui viiifi-ntiif Kaicher. 19.S6,
probabK is a s\Tion\ni o) CaUnmlu>uillii Mitiiidlis i Philippi,
1S,36) (Trocliidaeh Witiai vtirioliihii Kaichi'r 19S1, becomes
Xotociirhlis I (iholdriii 1 Naticidaet, new combination; Anunii
Icriiiniifhii Kaicher 19S0. is A, (Sfiilinal scricD'^iizi'd (Masahito,
Kuroda and llabe, 1971) (Epitoniidae). new s>iion\ni; llmis-
tniin vciitiictisiiin Kaicher. 1980. is Dictilliiiis dihili: (Gnieliu,
1791) (Muricidaei. new synonym; Tfii-hni (Iclii-iitiilii Kaicher
19S1. is T. allxi ((;ra\, 1834) (Terebridae). new s\Tionvm: Co-
iiiis (ilcxditilriiuis Kaiclier, 1977 ((^onidae) is the \alid name lor
('. iimsiiiis Tro\ao, 197.5. iiaii (-', nnisiniiii Sowerbx, 1833, and
its replaciMuent name, (' tcicsi 'I'roxao, 1978, new ,s>non\nis:
Ciiiiiis liiiciijiiiiiildliis Kaicher 1977 is the valid iiaiiK' for C
•^utliitiis Kiener, 1845, iioii Ctitiilliis '^iitlatus Hciding, 1798 la
Conns), and its replacement name, ('onus nco^iiltatns da ,\lot-
ta, 1991. new ,s\7ion>ni.S; Conns lohitcnsis Kaicher, 1977, is C
Insi-olinriitns Sowerln. 1905, new .SMion\ni: and Conns nc-
gCdiV/c.s Kaicher. 1977, is the \ah<l name for C iiiihricliic Holaii
and Uiickel, 2000, new s\non\m. \ first reviser's clioice is
m.ide lor the spelling of Ejnli'ninni oijiisioiu-nsis O'/.aki, 19.58.
which is judged not to be a senior svuonvm of Atnilcd srriic-
lldZi'd

INTHODUCTION

Sallv Diana Kaicher (1922-19991 was a professional il-
lustratcu' and writer who worked at xarious times at the
,\(.'a(leiii\ of Natural Sciences in Phihiilelphia t.ANSP).
file National Museum ol Natural Histon' at the Smitli-
souiaii Institution (USNM), and the United States De-

paiiment of .Agriculture. She authored or illustrated se\"-
eral popular work.s tin natural histor\\ including Kaielier
(1956-1957), Reid (1967). Epple (1969) and Reid et al.
(2001). which is a revision of Reid (1967). She authored
two scientific papers: Kaicher (1972) and Lvons and
Kaicher (197S). She also illustrated and in some cases
authored alioiit twentv 35 mm filmstrips for classroom
instniction. iiichnling one on mollusks (Kaicher, 1968).
Geruion and Iaous (1999) published a biographical
sketch giving details of her career as well as photo-
grajihs. Petiich (1980) published biographical notes and
Laiiiprell (1999) and Rice (1999) published obituaries.

In 1973 Kaicher l.iegan publishing the Card Catalogue
ofWdrhl-WicIc Shells. Thi' Card Cataloffic is a series of
3" X 5" (7,6 X 12,7 cm) gloss\- cards, each card illus-
trating a single species of gastropod mollusk with one or
more black and white photographs, The\' were issued in
"packs" of 97 to 106 cards, most packs being restricted
to species oi a single lamilv. In addition to the species
cards, each pack had a cover card and one or two intro-
dneton and acknowledgment cards. Production of the
packs was irregular but continued until 1992. A total of
60 packs and 6437 cards were issued, including 6,316
cards illustrating specimens, 60 cover cards, 60 acknowl-
edgment cards, ami one card, in Pack 31, discussing o\o-
viviparitv in 'Sassiirius. .All ol the species illustrated are
prosobranchs, and almost all are marine, e.xceptions be-
ing freshwater or brackish species of Nriitiiui (Neriti-
dae), Cica (Buceinidae), and Riionian^iiiclla (Marginel-
lidae). Callomon (1999a) published on the Internet a list
of the species illustrated in each part of the Card Cat-
aloiHic and an inilex to the specific names (1999b).

,\boiit 5860 distinct species are illustrated, the total
l)eiug k'ss tiiau the number of carils because some sui)-
species and varieties vvcie illustrated, and because
Kaicher reissued cards for some species or corrected
their identifications. Kaicher issued replacement cards at
different times for a varietv of ri'asons. .A small slip en-
closetl with Pack 16 announced that "some of these
cards are unacceptablv dark" and that those cards "will
be reprinted and sent to vou , , , without charge, ,\t
least 1(S cards in Pack Hi were kiter replaced and mailed

Page 100

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117, No. 4

with Pack 17 (10 cards) am! Pack IS ifi caiilsi. The rr-
placcnients were noted oiil\ !)\ a small l\pr(l slip witli
Pai'k 17 stating "Muricidac rejilac'cincnts . . . hkhc witli
next pack." If a card was replaced hec-aiise ol jxxir iiiiage
(|iialit\. the replacement card hears the same immher. 11
a eartl was replaeeil to ii|Mlale llic la\nii(iiii\ iii' illustrate
a hetter specimen, the rephu'emeiit card has (he original
and new nnmhers separated h\ a slash |/|, sometimes
with the addition ol ^ \" to the original mmihei,

Kaicher [Mihlishetl the CrinI ('//l(ili>'nir as an aid to
lioth shell collectors and to pidlessioiial mal.icoiogists. It
is now routineK' nsed as a tool 1)\ molhiscan s\stematists
and has Ikhmi cited in nnmerons scholarK works. .\hm\
ol tlie sh(>lls illustrated on the e.iiils are t\pe .specimens
ne\er heiore illustrated pliotographicalK'. Kaicher pho-
tographed manv thousands ol specimens, some in liei'
own colk'Ction, othe-rs !)orrowed Irom prixate and iirsti-
tntional collections, and man\ during her travels to nu-
merous major museums, liolli in America and abroad.
Kaicher l)e(jueathed her colleitioii oi Nassariidae to
.WSP. Her familv suhseiiuentK donati'd to ANSP the
remainder of her shell collectioir and her photographic
negatixes. notebooks, and correspondence

As often happens when t\|)e material is illustrated oi'
discussed, some lectot\pe designations were inadx'cr-
tentl\- made in the Card C.dtdlaijiw. In part because ot
this, Kabat (1996) petitioned die Inlenialional (.'ommis-
sion on Zoological Nomenclatmr to suppress the Cdnl
Cdtalo'^nc for nomenclatnial |)urposes. Comments on
the petition b\' various workers were published in Bul-
letin of Zoological XoiiifHclaliirc .5.'3: 27.3-277 and 54:
.39-6(1 with the result that in ( )|)inion 1905 ll99S), the
(Commission ruled that ihe Card Calaloiinc is nomen-
claturalK availabli'. We note that the loinlh edition ol
the International Code of '/j>olo<iieal Soinenclalure cla-
rifies that lectotspe designations made b\ inlereuce ol a
holot\pe have standing ouK il "the original description
neither implies nor re(|nires that there were sMit\|)es"
(.\rticle 74.61. Thus in some cases in which Kaicher had
bc'cn llionghl lo h,i\e ina(K eiieiili\ designaled a lecto-
t\pe, it will be lonnd she did not in lael do so.

Because the Card Cahiloiuic is ,i\.iilalile loi inimen-
clatnral purposes, it is impoiiant to have a collation, so
that titations ol nomeiielatnral actions therein can be
made accuralek. in cover notes lli.il aeei impanieil the
packs, Kaicher corrected mistakes made m nmiiliei iiig
the cards and others errors. mostK in spellin'j, oi iden-
tification. As recipients did not neeessarik retain these
notes, we liax'e detailed them in our collatioir included
are all changes suggested b\ Kaiehei' in covei' notes and
elsewhere. We ha\e not attempted to review ail nomina
or to bring the names np to dale although we have noted
some necessan* changes. The Marginellid.ie species
treated bv Kaicher in Pai-ks I. 26. and 60 h.ive been
exti'Tisivelv reviewed and brought u]) to d.ile b\ ( ^>o\eit
( 1999). (Joovert notes that 159 ol'.iOS marginellid caiils
illustrate t\pe specimens. In the Kelerenees (ated we
give the full citation lor eaih pack, takinij; into aceonul
missing and dniilieated numbers.

i!i:sri,Ts

\'\i,n)\ii;i) X.wii'.s

Nine mannscript names attribntt'd to various authors ap-
pear to have been inadvertentlv validated in the Curd
('alalo^uc. In each case, Kaicher seems to have taken
the name from a label in a collection, antl in each case
she provided a short description. The International (Code
of Zoological Nomenclature dCZN. 1999) does not pre-
sciibe anv minimum length for a descrijition. so these
are not nude names as has been maintained bv some
authors, e.g., Holan and RiJckel (2()()()i. Holan and Ry;ill
i20()()i. .\lso. Kaicher used the Card C'alalo'^ne to illus-
trate species that she considered to be valid, thereby
lulfilling the requirement of KJZN .\iticle 11.5, that a
uauH' be used as valid when proposed. In the context of
the Card CataUn^ue, Kaicher provided comparative il-
lustratioirs ol manv congeneric or coufamilial species for
each of the validated names, .•\lthougli Kaicher was un-
awaic that she was the first to validiv introduce these
uami's into the literature. ICZN .Artiiie 16.1 does not
re(juii'e that names published before 2000 be explititlv
indicated as new. We therefore attribute authorship ol
these names to Kaicher We havi' located tvpe material
for light of the nine names: six at the United .States
National Mnsenur Smithsonian Institution (USNM) on
.\ugnst 16, 2000, one in tiie tvpe collection ol i'lie Nat-
ural Histoid Museum, l.ondon iB.MNTI) and one at The
.\cademv of Nalmal S( ieiii-es. Philadelphia (ANSP).

('(illi(Kliiiii(i iniicnidf Kaicher 19'S6 (Figure 1. 9-1 li. Attri-
liiiteil til Hiittiiant" on Card 4614. Sliells of this species
have been siilil lor inauv vcars as "Calliostoma viceiitac
Hutlfuit ". h(Mng listed, for example, hy Rice i 1969. 2()()()),
but liail not been foriiiallv iiuhlislied before Kaicher's
Inatiiieiil l)r jiian Riitllant v Bassets of Melilla. Spanish
Moiiirrii, was a nieinher ol the .Malacological Societv ol
I .iimliiii Kdiii I!)47 until 1951 or 1952. his name appearing
III the iiieiiiliersllip list published in the Society's Prorccd-
iii^s in 1951 ivof 2S. p. 258). but not in the one published
ill 195.) ivol. 29. pp. 259-265). He distributed specimens
Willi the iiiauuscript name Calliostoma viernlae. as noted
bv \lieiiis (2()()2t. vvliose research shows that l^utllaut did
111)1 publish on uiollusks. Rice (20()()> spelled the uauie
"viceula'. ,tu(l Santos (iaiiudo i 1977', where it is a nude
iianie, altrihiited it to "Rutliland."

liie tvpe lot is ,\\SP 19S9S9. which is labeled as "Cal-
liostdiiia viuceiitae Rutllant. Miiilla arnistre. J. I. C. Oje-
da' U)5(i Spanish Morocco". The original label gives the
iiauie as "Calliostoiua viceutai- l^utllanl" Tlic lot contains
two speciuiens; to fix the ideiititv ol the u.iiiie. we lii're
(lesi^iiale tlic figured spcciuieu as the lect()h]X' (Figure
1!) 11 , height 1.3.7 unn: the paralectotvpe is 1.3.0 mm
in luight. Two o])ercula and cruiuhled dried animals are
alsd in the lot; hut it is uot possible' to deteruiiuc what is
|),irl 111 the lecliitvpe and wlial part iil the paralectotvpe.

\llli(iii'j;li the uiaiiusciipt uauie was ■viccntae" Kaicher
valid, lied it ,is vincentae", a spelling that iiiiisl sl.uid. Po])-
pe ami ( iotii i 1991* and .\lienis (2002) svuoiiv iiii/ed it
with C.alhoidionvUa sHlnralts (Philippi, lS.36t.

\iiti((i Kniclarin Kaidiei. H)S1 i Ki',;uie 2, 12-14 . Allrilmted
111 Keiiii/ nil Card 2i)l-il. Heclii/ iiil induced this ii.iiiie ill

C;. Rosenbcn' and H. E. Petit. 2()()3

Faa- 101

Figures 1-8. Piiman t\pc spfciniciis of species iiaiiicil li\ k.uclici I. ('iiHhntniiiii i iiKTiiliir Kalrliia. U)S(i. Icetcitxpc WST
19S9S9. height 13.7 inin. 2. Xatica itniolarUi Kaieher. UJSl. l<-etut\pf. I S\.\l 90.579. hciglil :>:5.4 www. 3. Aiudcd Ummmliii kaieher.
19S(). leetot>pe, HS.NM 6(I71.SS, heigiit 13. S iniii. 4. I hiiislniiit niilnnisum kaielicr, 19S(). hi)lot\pe, US\M .304495. 33.(i imii. 5.
Ti'nhni ilclicatiilii kaieher. 19S1, iiolotvpe, B.MMl I9| l.S,22.273. S.9 iiini. 6. Cuiiiis (ilcxdiulriiiin kaieher. 1977. leet<)t\pe. USNM
SOfi.ill, height 23, (i iiiiii. 7. Cciiiis liiiiiipuiictiitiis kaieher. 1977. lei'totxpe. T.SNM SI)(i3(>S, height 3S.1 iiiiii. S. Conns lohilrn.sis
KaKhcr, 1977. Icetntxpe. I'SXM S0a331. iicight 19(1 iiiiii.

Page 102

THE NAUTILUS, \nl. 117. No. 4

Filiiiivs 9-20. Tvpe specimfiis of spews named bv kuielnT. 9-11. Callioslom,, vin,riila< k.iu liri. IVJSd, lecfotxpc, ANSI' I9S,JS9.
height 13.7 nun. 12-14. \atUa lariolarUi Kaicher UISI. lectohpe. U.SNM 90."9, heii^ht 3:5.4 iniu. 15-17. .\mava Irnwuirhi
Kaic-her. UJSO. lectotvpe, U.SN.Vl 6()718S. heisjht 43.S nini. 18-20. Tcrclmi (Miralnla Kaicher. 19.S1. holoUpc BMNll 191 1.S.:.l..l,.x
S.9 null.

(;. Kosenberu; and R. E. Petit, 2003

Page 103

the s\ii<in\ni\ iil Siilicii finirl Hcclii/, IS44 [rx Adauson
1757, noii-biiioiiiiiial' in tlic oiiiiiiuil (l('scri]iti()ii ol that
species. Reeve (1S55) and Tnoii I I8S6) hstcd it as a svii-
oiiMii ol Sdtica pclli.sti^riiKi. l^ixoii and Hsail ( 19.S5, pp.
1.3-14) stated that ". . . [Nillic/i variol(iriii\ lias been nsed
coiTeetI\ in its West .\trican context liy several antliors
witiiin the last t\vent\ N'cars," but ;j;a\e no references. Sini-
ll.iiK. N'erberckt (19951 s;ud "About t\ventv-fi\e vears as;o,
the name Ndticd variolaria Recluz, 1844 was introduced
as the valid name for this species." Correspondence with
\'erberckt (througii A. N'eriiecken, in e-mail to REP, .30
Januarv 2000), failed to reveal a reference of this \intage.
The onlv such use we have foinid is bv Santos Calindo
(1977), where Niiticii variolaria is a untie name. Since the
name was not used as \alid before 1961. it cannot be at-
triiiuted to Recluz, where it first appeareil in sNuonNiii)'
(1C;ZN Article 11.6). Kiiicher (19S1) apparently was' the
first to use the name as valid and provide a description,
and therefore mvist be attributed with the authorship.

The type lot, cited by Kaicher, is USNM 90579 and is
labeled as "Natica pellis-tigrina Chem. W. Africa. Wesley-
an Univ." and which contains a single specimen. The name
"Natica variolaria" does not appear on the label; Kaicher
mav have inferred the name from the position in the
USNM collection, where the species is currentiv filed as
Notocorhlis variolaria, attriliuted to Recluz, 1844. K;ucher
max- ha\'e seen a second lot, adjacent in the collection:
I SNM 272979, with USNM label "Natica variolaria Rec.
(iabon, Africa. De\Tolle" and original label with "Natica
\ariolaria Reel. Gabon." handwritten and "Emile De\Tolle
46, nie de Bac. Paris . . . ' hpeset. We cannot pnne that
Kaicher saw this second lot because the naticid collection
at USNM was reorganized b\- Alan Kabat subsequent to
Kaicher's work. To fi.\ the identity- of the name, we here
designate Kiiichers figured specimen, USNM 9t)579, as
die lectotype (height 33.4 nnn); USNM 272979 contains
two possible paralectot\pes (heights 18.6 and 15.6 mm).
It is not clear to us that these two specimens are conspe-
cific with the lectotvpe: their spires are lower and ha\e
stronger axial ribbing below the suture,
Natica variolaria was first published in sviion\'uiv of Natica
[and Recluz, 1844 lex Adanson, 1757, non-binominal),
which is preoccupied bv Cochlis fancl Roding, 1798 if the
latter is classified as a Natica. Femandes and Rolan (1993)
sviionymized Rodings taxon with Natica hehraca MartvTi,
1784, a non-binominal name consen'ed in ICZN Opinion
1662 in 1992. Natica fancl Recluz, 1844 is a sviionvm of
the West African Natica rocciuigni/i Fischer-Piette, 1942
according to Femandes and Rolan (1993), but an earlier
name, based on .Adansou's taxon, is Natica inultipiinct/ita
de Blainville, 1825, as noted b\- X'erberckt (1995) and Ka-
bat, Finet and Way (1997). Natica variolaria Kaicher,
however, is not conspecific with Natica inultipunctata.
liasing a sparser pattern and a broader cord in the um-
bilicus, Alan Kabat (pers. comm. to GR. 21 |iiK 2001)
confirms tliaf he considers this species to be a Notocochlis.
as reflected in the arrangement of the USNM collection.

Aiiuica Icrainachii Kaicher. 1980 (Figure 3, 15-17). .Mtrilmlcd
to Kuroda on Card, 2.358, but he did not pnlilish the
name: it is not listed b\- Hanshin Shell C:lub (1986) or
Higo et al. ( 1999). The name has ap]iearcd in print several
times as a nude name attributed to Kuroda MS (e.g., Azn-
ma 1960, Higo 1973). Weil et al. (1999) treat the species
as \alid. attriliuting the name to Kuroda and llabe. 19.55,

but tlo not pio\ide a bibliographic reference. It is not
listed among llabi'S taxa bv Okamoto (2001). Specimens
ha\e been distributed under this manuscript name for at
least 50 years: ANSP 189370, identified as A. Icrainachii
on the original label was jMirchased from Shigeo Hashi-
moto and catalogued in October 1952. The name musl be
attributed to Kaii'her, the first author to provide a descrip-
tion and ilhistratioii.

The t\pc lot, cited In Kauliei, is USNM 607188, with
USNM label "Amaea splendida de Bonn'. Tosa, Shikokn,
Japan. 100 fins. ex. J. H. Webb. fO.33. .'\cc. 200168" and
original label "Amaea splendida Bourv Tosa 100 fins. Ja-
pan"; it contains a single specimen. The name "Amaea
tcrainachii" does not appear on the label; Kiucher ma\
have inferred the name from tlic position in the USNM
collection, where the species is currentK filed under that
name, attributed to Kuroda, 19.52. Kaicher likely saw a
second lot, also v\ith a single specimen, adjacent in the
collection: USNM 605776, witli USNM label "Amaea tcr-
aniachi Kuroda. Tosa, Japan. 150 fins. 1.348" and original
label ".'\iiiaea teramachi Kiir Tosa 150 fins. \ae\ [sir]
rare". To fix the identity of the name, we here designate
Kaicher's figured specimen, USNM 607188, as lectotvpe
(height 43.8 mm); USNM 605776 is a paralectotxpe
(height 33.6 mm).

Kaicher compared Anuun Uiinnuclni to Ainaca ccrca
Masaliito. Kuroda and Habe, I97f , lint that species is cur-
rently placed in Clathroscala whereas A. tcranmchii be-
longs in the subgenus Scalina Conrad, 1865, of which tour
species are currentK' recognized from [apan (Higo et al..
1999). It differs from A. (S.) gazcoides KutoAa and Ilabc
in Habe, 1961, in having a less elongate body whorl; from
A. (S.) mathildona (Mii.s;iliito, Kuroda and Habe, 1971) in
being large, less slender, and haxing more spiral cords per
whorl; and from A. (S. ) splendida Bonn; 1913) in having
finer sculpture. It is most similar to A. (S.) scricoiiazca
(.Masaliito. Kuroda and Habe, 1971), from which Weil et
al. (1999) distinguish it as basing "more numerous spiral
cords of xaniiig strengths'. Their illustrations of these
species (figs. 242 and 362), however, do not support this
difference, nor does examination of eight additional spec-
imens identified as A. tcranuichii (ANSP 189370, 234720,
243251, 243242). We therefore consider A Icraniacliii to
be a syiionvmi of A. scricoiifizca.

Tsnchiila (2000) sviioimnized A. sericogazca with .A.
oi/asi(nicnsis Ozaki. 1958. which was named as a Pliocene
fossil. Examination of Ozaki's illustration ol the holotvpe
shows that it li;is ;i channeled suture defined bv a strong
.spiral cord with the other cords nniformly weaker. In .\.
sericogazca. the whoris are of uniform streii2;tli near the
suture, but stronger below the peiiplien. particnlarK on
the spire, which gixes the earls whorls an ;mgnlar profile.
Anuica oi/a.'iiiniciisis also tapers iiiori' rapidk than does .A.
sericogazdc the width of the anterior wliorl of the holo-
tvpe is about .i.S mm; the comparable measurenu'iit in <A.
sericogazca of the same height (18.5 nnn) and number of
whorls (4) would be about 6.7 mm. We therefore reject
the .sMiouvinv of .A. .sericogazca with .\ otiasioiiensis.

The heading of the original desiiiptiou is Epitoniuin
{Borcosc(da) oi/asioncnsis (Ozaki, 1958, p. f42). but the
spelling "ot/a.sioeiisi.'i" is used e;irlier on p. 142, in the plate
caption (pi. 15. fig. 23). and in the index (p. 180). The
name refers to the Osasio lor Osashio) Current. Either
spiHific name is accept, ibic iioineuclatnrallv. If Osasio is

Page 104

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117, No. 4

latini/pd, tlicii an "ii" is added, follimiii!; tlic pattern ot
Latin word.s endinij in "-io" le.g.. diclio. ilictionis). wliich
\ield,s "oijd.siDucn.si.s": if tlie word is not latinized, "-cnais"
is added direetK' to the Japanese word, resnltinsj in "ot/a-
siocnsi.s". We select (x/n.sio/icns/.s as the correct orisjinal
spelling, jndgini; it likeJN to lie llie lictler known liecanse
of its use 1)\ Tsnchida (2()()()i.

lluustnim vcntricosmn Kaicher, 19S() (Figure 4. 21-25). .Attri-
buted to Tate on C^ard 2470, hut not described bv bini;
tiie name does not appear in an\' ol jiis papers on .Austra-
lian marine or fossil niollusks in the bibliograpliN b\ Blake
(1902).

The t\pe lot. cited In Kaicher, is ll.SN-\I .30449.5; the
U.SX.VI label sa\s ' I'uipura ventiicosa Tate. G. of .Spenser,
South .Australia, iiednall"; the original label sa\s "Puqjura
vcntricosa. Tate C. of Spencer. Aus". The lot contains a
single .specimen, height .3.3.6 nnn, which is the holotxpe.

The operculum is part of the lot (Figure 24-25).
The specimen is Dwatliais orhita (Gmelin, 1791), a com-
mon and highl\- variable species in southern Australia.
This identification was suggested bv Dr. Winston F. Pon-
der, who e.xamined the holot\pe on Ki .August 2000.

Tcrchrn rlclinitiiln Kaicher, 1981 (Figure 5, lS-20). Altribulrd
to Preston on Card 2752, but Preston did not publish such
a name: it is not listed 1)\- Adam (1971) or Bratcher and
C;ernolior.sk\' (19S7).

The !iolot\pe is in the t\pe collection at H\l\l I. catalogue
number 191 l.S.22.27.3 (cited b\ Kaicher): the t\pc loc:ilit\'
is Martini(jue.

We consider this name to be a junior subj(cli\c s\no-
nym of Terchra iilh/i Grav, l'S.34. (Irav's name was recog-
nized as vahd bv Bratcher and (^ernoliorskv ( 1987); K;iicli-
er appears to be the first modern author to ha\c recog-
nized the taxon as a good species, although she did not
discoxcr the oldest name for it.

Coiiits (ilcxdndiiniis K:iicher, 1977 (Figure 6, .30-.32). .Attribut-
ed to "Pais-da Franca" [sic] on Card 1293. Goomans,
Moolenbeek and Wils (1980) st:ited th;it name was found
on dealers' lists but was not published b\' Paes-d:i Franca.
They, Kolan and Rockel (2000) and Filmer (2001) consid-
ered it a nude name introduced In Kaicher, but K:iicher
does provide a brief description.

Kaicher did not cite an institution or c;italoguc number,
however, wc found the figured specimen in HSNM
806311. The L'SNM label sa\s "Gonus te\esi Tro\ao,
197S. Gaota i5a\, .Angohi. 1976. In sand under rocks, 1-2
ni. .Ace. .340672. " 'I'he original, handwritten In Fd P<'tuch.
says "Gomis tescsi Tr(n:io, 1978 (= nmsixus 'lVo\;io, 1975,
non Sowerbv). In s:m(l under rocks, 1-2 m d(ptli, Go:ito
Bay, Benguela, -Angola- 1976. " To hx the identil\ ol the
name, we here designated the figured specimen, height
23.6 mm, as the lectotxpe (Figure 5. .30-. 311. A second
specimen in the lot. height 24.1 nnn is a ])aralectol\pe
(Figure .32).

In the cover sheet to G:u'd Pack It. Kaiclic] s\uou\-
mized the species with ('onus iniisiiiis Tnnao, 1975. Tro-
viio (1978) replaced this name with C. Icvcsi, considering
it a homomm of C. musivum .Sowerbv. 18.33. IIowcmm.
"musi\nm " is a noun meaning mosaic; it would be :i hom-
onym of the adjecli\(" "musi\iis" onh' in ,i iieiilcr genus,
according to the examples prmicled in IGZN Artule 58,
concerning single letter (lilTereuees between specific
epithets. One ol us i(;Ki jKistcd this m.illcr on liie

IGZN list server <http://l\ris.l)isliopmusenm.org/cgi-bin/
l\ris.])rr'enter=iczTi-list> on 29 .August 2002. Beplies indi-
cated that commissioners favor amending .Article 58 (un-
der .Article 78. .3. .3), which is on the agenda for the next
meeting of the inteniational Gonunission on Zoological
Nomenclature. Therefore we consider Conus inu.sivus
Trcnao to be preoccupied b\ C. musivum S<merb\-, 1833,
G. (ilcxandrinus Kaicher, 1977 to be the valid name for
the species, and C. tevesi Tro\ao. 1978 to be a junior ob-
jective svnonviii.

Edward J. Petuch (pers. connii. to (JR. 26 Januarx
20001 confirms that the specimens of this and the three
following species were in his personal collection when
Kaicher photographed them. Later he donated his collec-
tion of Gonidae to USNM.

Conns linco])nnct(itns Kaicher, 1977 (Figure 7, 26-29). .Attri-
buted to Tro\ao on Card 1259, but not published bv him:
it is not listed by Kohn et al. (1995). Apparently this is a
dealers name; it is listed bv Hice (1977).
Kaicher did not cite an institution or cat;iloguc number.
howe\er, we found the figured specimen in USNM
806368. The USNM label savs: "Gonus lineopunctatus
Trosao, 1976, off Baia dos Elefantes, .Angola 1968. 20 m.
.Ace. .340672"; the origin;il label, haudwritten In Ed Pe-
tuch savs; "Gonus lin<>opimctatus Tnnao, 1976 (= gnttatus
Kiener, 1S49 nou Boeding, 1798), Trawled 20 m depth off
Baia dos Elefantes, Benguela, Angola — 1968 — sand bot-
tom". To fix the identitv of the name, we here designate
the figured specimen, height 38,1 mm, ;ls the lectotxpe
(Figure 7, 27-29). .A second specimen in the lot. lui<;ht
34.7 mm. is a paralectotxpe (Figure 26i.

This is a \alid species; svnonvnis are C'onus ffittntus
Kiener, 1845, non Cucullus ffiltalus Boding, 1798 (a Co-
nus) ;md Conu.s neoffdtatus da Motta, 1991, a replace-
ment for Kiener's name. Rolan and Rockel (2000) and
Filmer (20011 considered this a nude name but it had a
brief description. The species that Rockel and Feniandes
I 1982) noted is "known to collectors as 'Unfopnnctntii.s'
is a different taxon named (\nins nii(roi)nni1(ilns Rockel
and Fernandes. 2001).

('onus lohilcnsis Kaii-lier. 1977 d'igure 8. .3.3— .38). .Attributed
to Pais-da Franca |v/(] on (!:ir(l 1311, but she did not
publish the name; it is not listed b\ Kohn et ;il, (1995).
.App:u"i'utK this is a dealer's name, but not offered recently
according to Rice (I999\

Kaicher did not cite an institution or catalogue number,
lumcvcr, we found the figured specimen in USNM
806.331. I'he USNM label saws: "Gonus obtusus Kiener.
1819, .AruKulo b;i\, Angoki, 1975, under rocks, low tide.
A( c. .310672": tlu' original label, handwritten bv Ed Pe-
lucli s.n's: "Gonus obtusus Kiener, 1849 Under rocks, 1(av
tide. Armado Bay Mocamedes. .Angola — 1975." To fix the
iileutilN of the name, we here designate the figin'ed ,spec-
imen, height 19.0 mm. as the lectotxpe (Figure 8. .3.'3-.35).
'I'he loc;ilit\ is thus .Armado Bay Angola, not Lobitos Bay.
Angoki ;is might be expected from the name. Three other
specimens in the t\pe lot, heights 18.7, 17,1, and 15.4
mm. ;u(' paralectofvpes (Figure 36-38).

Rokin :uk1 R(>ck.'-1 i2000i'and Filmer (2001 considered
this ,1 nude name, but it li.id :i brief description, ('onus
loliitfusis. lunvevcr :ippears to be a svnonMU of C'onus fus-
colinctilns Scnverln, 1905, as illustrateil b\ Rokin and
Rockel,

G. Rosenberg and R. E. Petit, 2003

?ds,e 105

Fisjures 21-2!). I'vpc spciiinriis ol spctus ii.niiiil li\ K.iK'licr, 2l-2.'5. Ihmslniiii i cnlricDstiiii Kaltlicr. U)S(). Iiolulxpi- I S\\l
30449.5, 3.>,li )iiiiL 24-25. OpiTciiluiii cil liolotv])!- nl ll/iiislniin i fiiliicn^iiiii 2(). (' linco]>iin<i(itus. paialcct(it\pc. L^SNM S(l(i>(iS.
lu'iglit 34.7 27-29. Contis lUu-opiiiuldtus KalclnT. IVJ7T. IrclnUpr. I SWI S()(i3(iS, liciglit 3S.1 mm.

Paw 106

THK NAUTILUS. Nol. 117. NO. 4

l'ii;iir«'S .'J0-3.S. IXpi- sprciinriis i>l species named l)\ K.iieliei .'{O-.'fl. ('<i>ill.\ (ihxiiiuliiiius K.iiiliei. U)77, leetolxpe. I S\M
S(l(i:>ll, lieinlil 23.fi iiiiii. 32. V. (ilrxtnulrinus. puraleetotxpe. USWl SIHi.jll. liei<;lil 211 .'J.'J-.'Jo. i'.oniis lohilcusis Kaidier. 1977.
Ie(l()(\pe. i;S\M 806331, licii;lit 19.0 nun. ;j(>-38. C. lohilciisis, paialectotxpes, US.N.M S()().33J, lieiglits 1S.7, 17.1 15.4 mm,
rcspi'c-tively.

G. Rosenberg and R. E. Petit, 200:5

Page 10"

Cdiuis iu'iS,i'i>i(lcs KalcliiT. U)77 Allrilnilcd In I'ais-iLi Kiaiica
[sic] on Card 1313. hut she did not piihlisii the name: it
is not listed 1)\' Koiiii et al, I 19951. AppareiitK a dealer's
name, ('oitir^ itc^roidis is atlriliiilcd tu Kaielicr 1977 li\
Rice (19991,

The loiatioii ol the t\pe material is unknown: \\c \\( re
nnable to locale the fi>j;mcil sjiecimeii at L'S\,\1, 'i'he t\pe
loc:ilit\' is Ani;ola, as listed h\ Kaicher

Hoh'm :md Hixkel i2(ll>()> ;m(l Kilmer (2001 ) considered
this a iinde name, hiil it h:id ,i hnel desi-ription, Holan
and Hiickel (20001 listed it in the s\noii\iii\ ol their new
species Ceiin.s •^ahricldc. which is llK'relore :i jniiior suh-
jecli\e SMioiiMii ol Conns iifi^iniilfs

P'or eornpleteness, \\i' note that Kaielier eoautliored
one species piililislied outside the C'anl Catdloffic. Vvx-
illiiiii I l'itsi(i) chickcluinuonim Iaohs and Kaielier 197S,
Lcptocinuis li/iuaicusis "Hartseh ami Rehder is a nudi'
name introdiieetl h\' Kaieher (195fS. part 5. pi, 5. fig. 6);
it is a ,s\iionym oi Conns sntiiratiis Reeve, 1S44 aeeord-
ing to kav (1979) and FiJiner (2001), Rolan and Rvall
(2000) listed i'uniis liicircii.si.s as a iiiule iiaiiie intro-
ihieed 1)\- Kaieher, hut tliat spi'cies \\;is deserilied In
Paes-da Fraiiea (1957).

List oi' Packs

Exact tlates of publication lor the card p:icks (Table 1)
are dilfieult to deterniiue, .\hisl eo\er sheets (described
below) are tlateti and we ha\e used tliis date except
where better evidence is asailable. Kaieher diil not mail
all packs ot a given number at the same time, but posti'il
them in small batches as she eollatetl them, .-\ lew of
Kaieher's records sunive that have been helpful in dat-
ing. The cover sheet for Pack 42 is dated .August 28.
19S5 but it states tliat the cards would not be received
from till' printer until September 5, The earliest mailing
recoixi we ha\e located for Pack 42 is .September 9. and
that tlate is used herein.

COVKR SUEFTS AND ElUUTA SlII'S (SllKKTs)

Eat'h pack was aecomp:iiiied b\ a "co\'er sheet, indicat-
ed by CS hei'eiii. These siiuill sheets were ol \aiAing
sizes (11 to 14 em wide and 1 I to 2S em Kingl and were
not designed lor perniaiientA, The lop ol each iisuallx
had information about planned fiituri' packs ami some-
times listed changes to be iiiadi' on cards in previous
packs. The bottom \\;is an ortler loiin for the next card
pack. In addition to the cover sheet, some packs inehiil-
ed an "errata slip." listing changes to be made on cards
alreadv issued, indicated bv E!S lierein. Thi'si' slips were
of various sizi'S. sometimes including onlv ;i single line
of t\pe. and v\ere olniousiv iiol intended lor lelention
after the changes had ln'cu made, l-Or retereiiee pur-
poses vvc have assigned them mimbers, ,\11 are assumed
to have been issued with the liki'-uumbered cuvei' sheets
unless otheiAvise stated but some might li:i\i- been sent
with subsequent jiaeks. The lollowing such slips lia\e
been identified:

ES5: stapled In ( S.") (Milridae).

ES23: undated (Epitouiidael,

l'^S29: slip jiasted to ( :S29, with haiidw ritti'U addition.

possililv not lo all cojiies,
ES37: imdaled (changes in ( .'ohimbellidae),
ES40: undated. t\p(A\ritten I maguificaliou ol Corallio-

phila ni/nisficlili 1,
ES42a: undated slip with ( :S42.
ES421i: undated slip with CS43 (wrapped .irdiuid the

replacement cards),
ES49a: dated 10 davs after CS49 but sent with it,
ES49b: .slip pasted to (;S49,
ES58: probably issued with ( :S.59,

(,'()nui;(-ni)\s AM) ,'\\.\(ii \ri(i\s

We use the lollowing conventions in the list ol currec-
tious and annotations;

1) Where sjiecii'S cards were not munbered, we assign
them nuiiibers that were skipped within the same
pack, if Kaieher had not alreadv done so,

2) In eases of reidentificatiou. wi- ackl authors wlii-re
Kaieher omitted them and inferred generic names in
a few cases where Kaieher did not state them explic-
itlv (e.g., 824); we have givt'u vears only if Kaieher
gave them, which she sometimes did for recentlv
named species,

3) For generic changes we state the combination if the
ending of the trivial name or the use ol parentheses
changed, even il Kaieher omitted this information;
otlieiAvise vvi' cite onlv the genus,

4) Underlining is changed to italics in quotations of
Kaielier,

5) Each error that is corrected is attributed to a source,
either a cover sheet [CS#j. an errata sheet [ES#].
another card [Card #]. ourselves [herein] or another
published work. For lu'evitv. common errors are as-
signed the tiillnwing numbers, to avoid repetitive ex-
planations ill the text.

Note 1: .Xnmber was iuadvertentlv skipped (96. 145,
146. 369. 744, 1328, 1526, 1542, 2009, 2178, 2303,
3214. 3239, 3289. 3346, 5259, 5437, 5660, 5661, 5842,
60,38, 61)70. and 619.3); in some cases reassigned to an
imniimbered e.ird. In addition. Kaieher removi'd
cards 345. 2275, 2687, 2990, 3013 (in some ca.ses),
5047 ami 5757 before release,

\ote 2: Xnmber duplic:ited (745, 1540. 3137. 3288.
3770, 3776-.3875, 525.'5. and 6189), Kaieher noted
some of these duplications in her cover sheets, but
did not recommend solutions. When the duplicates
are in separate ])aeks. the one published later can liave
"|bis|" (Ijatiii for "twice") added to its number to dis-
tinguish il il desired. There was no order, alphabetic.
taxoiKimie, m '.^eiigr:iphii . In the cards within a pack
as issued, so lii|- duplicate numbers within packs it
e:uinot be determmi'd which was mtendetl to bear the
iiiunber.

.Note 3; Specihc name is iiiiss|)elled.

Page 108

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. No. 4

Table 1. Date.s of publication of the Card Catalogue, with subject and range of card numbers included in each pack. Most dates
were obtiiined from the co\er sheets issued with the card packs: "KB" in brackets after a date indicates that it was obtained from
Kaicher's records; "ES" means errata sheet.

Pack

Date of issue

Subject

Card numbers range

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

October. 1973
December 19. 1973 [KR]
Februan- 15. 1974
May 26,' 1974
September 5. 1974
December 14. 1974
March 28, 1975
August 15. 1975
April 13. 1976 [KR]
July 15. 1976
November 15. 1976
Januan- 10. 1977
March', 1977
June. 1977

December 9. 1977 [KR]
March 2. 1978 [KR]
June 1. 1978

September IS. 197S [KR]
December 6. 1978
Aj^ril 18. 1979
November. 1979
April \) 1980
Julv2, 1980
August 8. 1980
December 15. 1980
Februan- 27. 1981
M,i\ 211,' 1981
Julv 17. 1981
October 9. 19SI
Decruiber 23, 19S1
April 2, I9S2
Julv 21, 1982
November 20, I9S2
March 27, 1983
Julv 27, 1983
December fS, I9S3
March 26, I9SI
AugusI 9. 19S1
November 1. 19S4
Januan- 22, 1985
April 24, 1985
September 9, I9S.') |KI'>1
November 6, 1985
Februan 20, 19S6
.\lav 23.' 19S6
,S(.plemiier 19, 1986
[anuan 8, 1987
'Ma\- 1(), 1987
August 15, 1987 IKS 19a]
Nowmber 30, 1987
Februan 20, 19SS |KRj
August iO, 198S
December 15, I9S8
April 20, 1989 |KH|
October 26, 1989
.March 27, 1990
August 29, 1990
March 12, 1991
August 17, 199!
.Ma\ 14, 1992

Marginellidae

Muricidae 1

.Mitiidae I

Mitiidae 11

Strombacea

Muricidae II

Terebridae I

Naticidae I

.Mitridae III

X'olutidae

(^onidae I

C'onidae II

Conidae III

Conidae IV'

-Mitiidae I\'

Muricidae III

C^uiatiidae 1

Fasciolaiiidae I

CJancellariidae

.Muricidae 1\

Trocliiilac I

'IVocliidac 1 1

Kpitiiiiiidae I

Thaididae 1

-Muricidae \'

-Marginellida.' II

Terebridae II

llaliotidac

Naticid.ic II

Epitoniidae II

Nassariidae I

C.\ maliidae 1 1 ami lini-sidae

Olisidae I

N'assaiiidae II

Epilouiidae 111

( '.issidae and Ooi-onlliidae

< '(iliinibcllidae 1

( 'iiliiniliclliilar 1 1

Tiuridac 1

(.^orallliipliilid.ii- I

Nassariid.ic 1 1 1

CoiuuibellKl.ir III

Bueciuidae I

Bueeiuidae II

Trochidai- 111

Fasciolariid.ii' II

Neritidae I

BiKciiiidac III

OliMclar II

Trochidae l\

Olividae 111

TMrl)iiiida<' 1

I'issurellidae I

Oli\i(lae \\

Turbine-Hid, le 1

Trochid.u- \

Bneciuidae l\

Ovulidae I

Muricid.ie \ I

-Man'iuellid,,.- Ill

1-98
99-195
196-292
293-389
390-497
498-594
595-691
692-797
798-903
904-1009
1010-1115
1116-1221
1222-1327
1329-1434
1435-1540
1540-1646
1647-1752
1753-1858
1859-1964
1965-2071
2072-2177
2179-2284
2285-2.391
2392-2497
2498-2603
2604-2709
2710-2S15
2816-2921
2922-3027
3028-3133
31 34-3238
3240-3345
3347-3452
3453-3558
3559-3664
3665-3770
3700-3875
387(>-;3881
3882-3987
3988-4093
4094-1199
4200-4.305
4306-1411
4412-1517
4518-1623
4624-4729
4730-4835
4836-1941
4942-5046
5048-5153
5154-5258
5260-5365
.5,366-5471
5472—5577
5578-5685
568(i-5791
5792-5897
5898-600.3
6004 6109
6110-6215

C;. Rosenbersi and H. E. Ft-tit, 2003

Pa<ie 109

Note 4: Specific name is a noun and luMice inxariant.
Note 5: Specific name is a tienitixe and hence in\ai"iant.
Note 6: Specific name is an adjective in comparative

form and hence varies vvitli gender ot genns.
Note 7: Cieneric name is misspi'lled.

Pack 1 — Marginellidae [and Cystiscidae]

2S. Pnniuin inarfS,iit(/liiiii: add "also occnis in the Ca-

rilihean" [(:S2].
30. Prinimii ulii iicftniitc. not "(iliiiiii()n)iis" [(lard 30/

39. Pniiiniii '^iill/itnin: "lanm's in size ironi 15-25

nmi.. not S min |(.'S2J.
47. \i>hiiriiiii iiiijilii: preoccupiiil name icphueil l)v

llildliiiii iliM-ors iHoth' [Card 47/619()[.

52. Ihilliila iitdllliius! not "iiuitlirirsi" |("S19|.

53. \'oliiiiiua tciiiiiliihiti: svnoiivm ol lli/nliiui i}(illiil(i
(Linne) [Card 53/fil9S|.

60. Wtlidiiiia ntlicllir. specinu'u is \ ccswr/ [C'artUiO/
01951; see Card filS3.

90. This number was skipped; Kaiclier inchidi'd, at
li'ast In some packs sold after the original publi-
cation ilate. a iiandvvritten note about its absrucc.

97. Granida pi/<s,iiiac(r. change gemis to Mcsa^iiullfi
[Card 97/fi'l94l.

9S. Clraiiiil/i Un<iUcc(niii. not "Imalccana" [CS2.
(!S19|; specimen represents an undescribed Gih-
h,nil,i spei'ies [Cards 0iS9. 9S/fS197[.

Pack 2 — Murieidac

99. Miii'cx jiccUir. change name to M pci-liii iicrtrii

[Card 99/6040 1 .
100. Miinx (iciiulliostiplu's: specimen is .)/ sr('li)])a\

Dillwvu ICanI 10.5/604S|; scf ( lard 10(i60l7,
|0| rlii/ll<)iii>liis o(ul(ilii\. not "oiiiliis" [CS3[.
102. Miircx IcniisjiiiKi: spt'cimen is M spinitii^ Ponder

and \oki'S [Card fi()09[: .see Card 102/6049.
105. Miircx scoloprix: specimen is M dUispiai I'ondei'

and N'okes [Card 6004].
106 Miircx ti'(iscli<li: I'eissued as (.'aid 106/60.52 with

icvised text.
107, Miircx iinidcniiitiis: sviiouvm ol M li'ilj)il i\odlng

(Card 53S/5050J.
lOS. Miircx (iiliiiiriy.'ipiiiiisiis: reissued as Caid 10S/6()41

w Ith revised text.
111. Miircx cdjipiiiiicri: reissued as ( lard 1 I 1/6044 with

uilnoi" ehangi'S to text.
1 14, Miircx hrciispiiui: change In M hrci ispiim hrcr-

i^pina ICard 114,/6043|.
126. Miircx niiicj^iUhniiji: change to .)/ hrciispiiui

iiiiiciiiUiii-inji [Card 120 j.v;rl/6046[.
134. Chicorcus fiilrcsciiis. change genus to Ilcxnplcx

|CS10|.
14-3. Siriitiis /iiitilliiriiiii: specimen is .S. foriiKi.siis [Card

1 4.3/2575 [.
14.5. Tills inimber was skipped; assign to imuumbered

C.liicoivu.s (laiiiicdrilis [Note Ij.

146. This number was skipjied: assign to unnumbered
('Iiiciirciis spcctnini [Note Ij.

151. Miircx Irihiiliis: specimen is M falsitrihiiliis Pon-
der and Xokes [Card 601 0|; see 151/6051.

Pack 3 — Mitridae [and Costellanidatd

Siihcdiicilld fhiiiiiiicd: specimen is Mitrii iriicr-

sciilptil Sovvi'ibv 1KS5[. I.e.. Zihil iiilcrsciilptd

iSovverby) [CS15[; see Card 225.V1529.

Striiidfclla (Icciirtdta. not "dcciiiid" [CS19[.

Strii^dtclld iUiusiipdtd. not "<idiispdtd" |KS5|.

Costclldiia iiiiclidiii: specimen Is (,'. (Icshaijcsii

(Reeve) [ES5[; specimen is C. alaiidd (Sowerbv

ICS15]: see Cards 245.V1534, 1515. 1516.

Pnsia lianh'i/i: identific;itioii (|uestioned [CS15[;

see Card 261.V1536.

Ciisfclldrid stijliohi: species was trauslerred to ten-

tativclv to Ldliriuiiitni iTurbinellidaei bv Bouchet

and lx;iutor (2000).

Piisid sidcdhr. spci-imen Is /' dlhocincta (C. H. .\tl-

ams) |KS5, CS15|; see Card 269.V1540.

/'((.s;V; cxij^iid: specimen Is Casiilhiiid sijkisi i Mel-

vill) [(:si5[: see Card 271 .V1.5:>9.

CostcUaiid piilcliclld: adult illusti;ited on (lard

2S4.V1532.

I'lisid hcndcrsoiii: i-liangi' genus to I'osh Ihirid

[(1S15[; see Card 2S7.\/153S.

Vcxdliiin dciiiii\(iiii: 'IDi'lete Idijloridiiiiiii Sbv.

Iroiu the svnoiiviiiv .... The tvpe of tinilniiditiiiH

Is ;i juvfiiile of anotlier species" [ES5|.

Zicilidiid woldciiiiirii. not "woldcriiiaiii" [ES5,

2.32.
2.34.
245.

261.
266.

269.
271.
2S4.
2S7.
2SS.

290.

(1S19|.

Pack 4 — Mitridae [and Costellariidac]

345. Not issui'd; removed bv K.ilc'her [ES4[.

369. This uiunbei" was sklppech assign to unnumbered
Piisid diiitiliilc \sic. diiuiliilis] [Note 1|.

370. Cdiicilld (/eg/Y/: specimen Is C. pin iDohnii
|(1S15|; .see Cards 370.V1533 and 1.507.

3S5. Stiigatclla diiriciiloidcs: specimen is .S. iissimilis
(Pease) [CS15J; see Cards 3S5.V15.35 ;uid IIIIS.

Pack 5 — Strombidae

422. .\dd this number to the card lor \>/r/(risj»'/v/ cris-

pdld I (ISO I .
434. Slrdiiihiis i^ihhcniliis i^ihltoMis. not "'j^ihhcnilis"

[Note 3|.
44S. Siroiiihiis iiih/icniliis 'j^ihlicniliis, luit "i[ilihcriili.s"

[Note 3|. ~
456. Slromhiis gihhcniliis dlhiis. not "'j^ihhcnilis" [Note

3).
4(i6. .Xdil this number to the c;ird for l.diiihis Iriiiicdtd

ICS61.

Page 110

THE NAUTILUS. Xol. 117. No. 4

Pack

518.

524.

526.

538.

543.

572.
575.

584.
591.

(5 — Murioidao

Murex >ii<irospinofius: spcc-iiiifii is .\/. t(niis))i)i(i
Lamarck [Card 102/6049].

Mtircx occa: reissued a.s Card 524/6042

nil

nor chaiisics to te.\t.

Murex xuilalniricus: .see liolotNpc on Card 526/

2573.

Murex trapa: reis.siied a.s (!ard 53S/6()5() with rc-

\ised text.

Murex eonriiuius: reissued as Card 543/6045 willi

re\ised text.

Poirieria zclanilica. not "I'oircria" [Note 7[.

Hexaph'X deusus: specimen is // piidiciis; [C^ard

575/2579[: see Card 2504.

Fdvnrtia <i)'(ivid(i: preoccupied name replaced In'

Fcivnrtiti einersoni Radwiu and D'.Attilio. 1976

[Card 584/2577].

H(iiii(ilo(<iuth(i oxi/iicinilliii. uot "oxi/ctiiitlur (.Note

31.

Pack 7 — Tercbridac

616. Iltislula linita: s\iiou\in\ witli //. inathcroiiiana l)v
(;eruoliorsk\- antl Bralclier (1976) questioned, 7/
inalherouiaiKi is considerably suiallei' tlian // Imi-
tti. jM'ojiortionalK umcli narrower and lias a luuch
smaller ])rotocouch" [C,S13|. .See C^ard 678.

6.5S. Tcrchrii inonilc: preoccupied name replaced hv
Terehra (juoi/Hfiiuitirdi ( !crTioliorsk\ and Bratclier,
1976[CS13l.

Pack 8— Naticidae

726. Xdtieurius hnntucnlhted. not "hruiiiiedliucus"

[Note 4j.
739. Teeloualicd violaced: cliansie combination to ,\V/-

tiea violaceii (Sowerbv) [Card 739.^/30271.

744. This mnnber was skipped: see 745 below [Note

_ - .'.'■

745. Two cards ha\e this mniiber. \nli(iiriii\ iinnii and

l-.uspir/l jxillida: one ol tlieiii should have licen
744. but it camiof l)e delermincd which.

773. 'irclonulied leciu: change to T. tecla lorm iuutunui
(Reeve) |CS30j: see Card 2955.

779. Kunpiru puUraris: change conibiiialioii lo \alicfi
]i\di((iris I'hilippi; because ol while c ali.irenus
operculum with three ridges |CS29|.

792. Siiiuiu iniiuis, not "uiiiior" [Note 6j.

Pack 9— Mitridae [and Coslellariidac]

824. ('oslelltiriti lalcriid/ila. s\n(\|ies do not match

t\pe illustration; use name (,'. (irifldiciis iMcKill)

iiistead [CS121.
832. I'usid euiilkie: specimen is /' iiiiird i Pilslm i

[CSI5J; see Cards S.32.VI530 and 1514.
867. Coslelldrid radix: specimen is C. olicliscus

(Reeve) [(;S15]: see Cards S67.V15.)1 and 24S.

873. Milra lieuardi: change to M. fernt0ne(i form lien-

ardi [C:S15]; .see Card 873.V1537.
900. Fusid cdtenaid: better specimen illustrated on

Card 9()0.\/1528.

Pack 10— \()liitidac

904. Ij/ri/i kiirodai. not "kiirodac" [Note 3|.

Pack 1 1— Conidae

105S. (U>inis lididiiciisis: "I now tend to agree will) Wil-
liam Old that tliis is a sviiouNin of Conus magcl-
Idiiicu^ liwass"; see Card 1367 [CS141.

Pack 12— Conidae

1122. Conns seitnlus sritulns: specimen is C.'. rt/gocn.vM

rt/g(»c;(.s;.s Sowerin |(>S14].
1156. Conns cinercns: author is liwass [CS19].
1194. Conns kinosliitdi, not "kinoshitac" [Note 3].

Pack 13 — Conidae

1248. Conns zei/ldiiirus. uot "zeldninis" [CS19|.
1257. Coinis splideeldlns. not "sphtieealdtus" [(XS19].
1259. Coinis luu'opnndiilns. change autliorshiii to Kaich-

er [see aboM'j.
1261. Coinis eijdnostonui. not "n/dnostonuis" [CS19].
1282. Coiuis loruintenens Blumeubach, not "Blnmeu-

bac'k- |(:S19|.
129.). ('.(inns alexandrinus: specimeti is C musivns Tro-

\ao [CSi4]; change authorship o( C. dlrxandiinus

to Kaicher [see abo\i']; Faes-da Franca, not "Fais-

da i'lanca' [herein].
1303. Coinis kintoki: anthois are llabe and Kosuge

ICS141.
1)1 I . ('(iiins lohitcnsis: change .inthorsliip to Kaicher: is

('onus fuscoliiieatus Sowerin' (see abcne]: Faes-da

l''ninc:i, not "Fais d:i Fnmc;i" (CSH).
l.)l.). Coinis nr<j_roidcs: chiuige :mtlioi'slnp to Kiiicher

(see ab()\'e); Faes-da (•"nme;i. not ' F:iis d:i i'"i':u)ca"

[CS14J.

Pack L4— Conidae

132S, rliis number was skipped between F:icks 13 and

14 (CS15|.
1.) 42. ('onus cldssianis. not "cldssdrins" ((;S19(.

Pack 15— Miliidae [and C:(»slcllariidac]

149S. I'lisiii irocald. uot "inuritiiin" ((,'S19[.
152f'), This uiimbiM" was skijiped: assign In mmumbcred
Miliil ciirhoiidced (Note 1 (.

G. Rosenberg and R. E. Petit. 200.5

Paiie 1 1 ]

Pack 16 — Muricidac

1540

1.542.
1.590.

1640.

This uiniilKT was used in hotii Pack 15 [hixia al-

hociiicld'^ and Pack 16 (Boirotropluitt alaskanus)

ICSH)].

This nuinher was skipped ((^.SlOl.

.Specimen iljustratt'd is not Orcnchni (iciiiilnliis

[CS20I. hut I'isduiii (iDrlii^iii/i (Pa\i"andean. lS2(i)

[herein]; see (lards 159().\/20fi7 for OciiirhriiKi

aciculata and t.i4.'5 hir I'isdiiiii dorhi^niiji.

FAokcsiti ntfoiioldlir. Kinkisid misspelled m text

I herein!.

Pack 1 7 — Ca niatiidae

1055. d/iudliclld ^diiiwrdi: s\iion\ m ol Sdssiid si'xcos-
tdtd (Tate) [C:ard lfi5.5/;3:3:37|.

1659. CdhcsUnid spoi'^Jch: change genus to (.'.ijiudtUiin
[Card 1659/:3:5:59[.

166.3. Fnsitriitni hniddnus: change to /'' tiidiullddUiis
Idiiddiiiis [Card 166:5/:3;340].

1667. Gijri]wiiin ^i/riiiiniL not "^i/riiiinn" [CS19].

1671. Cahestaita dolidniin: antlior is Liinie [CS19].

1692. Scpfd dr'^mtd: this printed name changed to R/in-
uldiid dCiS,rotd li\ a self-adiiesi\e label iu packs
niailetl at time of publication. In main' packs is-
sued snbseqnentlx this card did not receive the
correcti\e label [herein [.

1699. ? Mouoplcx Uf^iwrhis. not "lii^iidiiiini" [Note 4];
proliablv a Scpfd [CS19|.

1702. Rdnuldrid iuitfttnuinn. not "'Uittiintid" [Note 4[.

170.3. Fiisitiiton rctuiliis: change to F. iitdg^ellduicus rc-
tioliis [CS.32[.

1706. Fusitiitoii murrdti'r. change to F. imiihUdninis
diiirrdi/i [C,"S32[.

1707, Moiicjilcx pdiilicuopcuin pdiihciuipciinr. tliange
genus to Cipiidliiiin [('ard 1707/.3342[.

170S. Riplix /ncinidd. not "jdciiiidd": magnification is

X2. not XI [(;S19[.
1717. Fusitiitoii cdnccUatus: s\iion\ui ol F. indiuUdniiiis

iiid<iclldiiiciis (Boding) [CJS32].
1726. ■4''rotoconch ditterenees suggest Calnsldnd kiciici

is a Srjitd" [(:S19[.
17.31. Xcpp'iiid sulidlstortd: change gi'uus to Sd.s\id

[Card 173I/.3.343I.
1732. Sdssia scinitoiid: change to .S. iidssdiifonuls sciii-

itoiid [Card 1732/.332.S].
1744. (hittiiriiiinii hncatum: cliauge geims to Cipiidliiini

[Card 1744/.3.341[.

Pack 1<S — Fasciolariidac

1754. I'iisiiin\ Icjilcrliipicus. Tiot "hjilcrlnirius nor
"Icjitdliip'iiciis as in CJ,S46 [Note .3|.

1757, Ldtinis dinphtstrc. not "diiijihistris" [Note 4[.

1766. CrdiuilifusHs ndiiuxhitus. not "rufidodis" [C".S46],

176.S. Crdiiulijusufi sulhihlifiis: change to ('• nijijtoiiinis
siihol)litits [C.S46[.

17S7. Ldtinis iiicdidincricdiiiis. not "iiii'iliddiiiiiiiiiiiiis
[Note 3].

1790, Ldtinis hdirstnui: change combination to Doli-
rlinhilinis lidirstoiri I ,Sowerb\) [CS46[,

179S, I'lisinus dIhiiiNs: see s\iit\pe on Card 179.S/4721,

ISdO. Ddliilioldlinis rnirsti: change coinbiualion to Fcr-
dldlinis rnwsti (MeKilD [I':S1S|,

IS15. Iiisiiiiis iiiiirirnstrdtiis: s\'uou\m ol I- tiihrrosiis
(Keeve) [(;S46[.

1S20, l''nsiiuis sdiidvicliciisis, not 'siindu irlicnsis": see
lectot\]ie on Card 1S20/472S. The name was
spelletl both \\a\s b\' Sowerbv, 1S80, the original
author; a first re\isci's choice est;ii)lislling the coi'-
ifit spelling was made b\' SuN'der (2003).

1S2S. Plciiniphii-d Iicipu'inanni: change to P. lii'^iihris
liiipiciiidiiiii [CS46J.

1.S.36. Mirniculiis diiiikcii: specimen is M. liucnlueiisis
(('idsse and Fischi'r), wiiicli is not s\non\)nous
[Card lS.36/472()]; see Card 4655.

LS51. Fiisiiiiis iiidrciisis: change to F. dilcctiis (A. .Ad-
ams) [Card 1.S5 1/4729 [.'

Pack 19 — Canccllainidac

1924, A^dlrix d;^dssizii: catalogue imniJH'r is USNNI

V)3711, not 73711 [liereiu].
1940, Adiuctr iiiiri-oscopicd: catalogue nninberis USN.Vl

S2977. not .32977 |herciu[.

Pack 20 — Muricidae

1977. Eiokcsid 'J,rdi/i. not "Eiaksid' [Note 7[.

19.S3. TropJufii ^cvcrsidiuiiiL not "ficircsidiius" [Note3[.

19S5, Min-fx clinisostiuiid. not "rhn/sosttimiis" [Note 4[.

19S9, ()riii(liriiid iiiirjiiii'iiidcd not ■Oroir/'/';';/)-; [Note

7[.
199'S. '.-' Ociiu'hhiid ,s7/gr/. not "Orriiihriiid" [Note 7].
2005. Attiliosd siridtd: change u;ime to Attiliosd phiJip-

pidiid (Dall), which is not s\iK)n\nious [Card

200.5/2574[.

2009. This number was skipped [Note 1).

2010. HisninuiTX sclirdiiiini: specimen is li <hjoniii\
(Hei>\v) [Card 6066[: see Card 2010/60.53.'

2014. Miinxsiil iiotliokinicri. not "uotliokirnrr" [Note
.3[.

2034. Ucxdjilcx cdiidriiiisis. not "cdiidriciisus" [Note .3[.

203(S. Eiokcsid fi'rnipiidsrc not "Eroksid" [Note 7].

2052. Afrit rupiliiiii nj\;g)i;s: specimen with adult aper-
ture shown on Card 2052/2576.

2060, Occiichrd dcdiithojilcnis .Moutronzier; there is no
such name: lloiiart (2001) consideied it an erior
loi' (>, dcdiilliiijiliiird Monterosato, 1875, which is
<i mule name, Kaicher ga\e no description, so it
remains a nude name [herein], Houart (20011
identified Kaicher's illustrated sjiecimeu as Oci-
iichriiui hispididd (Palkm. 1904!,

1590.V2067. Ociiicliriiid dcinddld not "Occiichriud"
[Note 7],

Page 112

THE NAUTILUS. \'ol. 117. No. 4

Pack 21 — 'IVochidae

2138. Troclius satrapiii.s: author is noii Martens, not

'■\()n -Maltzan" [lu-rein].
2167. Calhostonui stcnompludd. not "stcmuuphiihi" |Notc'

„ 3].
2177. CaUiostoina (Urcpliiin, not "(Urcpiiliiiu" [Note 3J.

Pack 22— Tiothidae

217S. 'I'liis niniiln'i' was skip|ic(l l)ct\\ccn Packs 21 and
22 iNotc 1].

2241. ('hiiirnhis (iiiiiiloiiijiliiihis. not ' inniiloinphdnis"
[Note 3|.

2242. Callioslontd (iniinplioniw cliangc ijcnus to Cltiit-
riilus |(;S30].

2275. Not issued; reinoxed In Kaielicr |C.S22l.

Pack 23 — Epitoniidae

2285. Kpilon'uuii lilizoii/ic not "ii/i'diiiiiii |Note 5].
2289. EpUnniuiii hiilhiilus. not "hiilhiiluin" iNote 4].
2292. Epitoiiiiim chillirns. not "cliithniin" [Note 4].
2303. rliis nnniliei' was skipped [K.S23|.
2320. Epiloiiiiiiii liiliidiiiiiir not "liclicoi'tiiiiim" |N'ote

4|.
2325. Epitoniimi xunroinphnhis. not "iiKicritinpluilinn"

[Note 4[.
2328. .\(kl this nnniher to nininnihered vM'd (or i'irso-

I renin liiiln/iiKi |KS23|,

2332. Add lliis nnnihei' to nnniiniliered e.nil loi i'.piliiu-
iuDi ^fniiidiilum |1';.S23[.

2333. Epitoniiun iiuliiis, not "iiiclior" [Note (-)[.

2342. E})il(>iiiiiiii inillccosliiliiiii not "iiiillccosliiin \\ii\i'

3).
2350. E))il(iiiiiiiii irincoslfL not " nnctcisliiiu" [Note 1|.
2358. Aiiuicd IcidUKichii elian^e antlioislnp lo k.iielier;

is AiiKicd .sci-i<iiil(mil Masaliilo. KincKkiand ll.ilie

[see aho\'e[.

Pack 24— rliaididac

2448. .\ziiiii/imonil(i iiiiitica. not "Aziiinoriila" [Note 7].

2457. Mdiid/i ii}stiuiius. not "iosUniid" [Note 4|.

24,0. Hdn\l iNiii icnl ricosniii. eliani^e aniliorslnp to
Kaielier. is Picallidis orhild Cmelin [see al)o\('|.

2IS1. Mnnild iiciniiuilifcrd il'ease): No sneli name was
introdneed In I'ease. i'lie specimen illustrated is
eouspecific with Eii'^iiui iiiniiililcrd i'ease, I8(i0,
wliicli is a s\ non\ m ol Manild crliitidla (IU'e\c,
1846) ai'cordinn to ( !eruoliorsk\ (1979). There-
fore, we consider "iifminidijcra" to he a lajisus lor
"iiiondifcra". 4'he alternative is that, liecause die
card contains a desciiption. Kaielier had inadver-
teiitK' validated a manuscript name ol I'ease hased
on a specimen lahel in a collection. We reject this
possihilitv hecause Kaielier cited three locations
iiidicatiiiif the neosjraphic raugi' ol the sjiecies:
"Sainoa-Tahiti-liawaii", 11' she had valid. ited a

manuscript name, in all likelihood she would have
cited ouK a siu<'le localitv.

Pack 25— Miiiicidac

2507. B<>rci>lriij)lti)ii ccpidti. not "crpiiliis" [Note 4|.
2542. Eiokcsid pdininuicnlatd. nut "Eii>ksia" [Note 7].
2562. Pteron/lis Itdiiidtiis. not "Ftcroytis" [Note 7].
2568. Risomiircx Ulosid. not "lodsUi" [Note 3].
2588. Strdmoiiitroplitni loiiiisfdffi. not "SfrdiniiiDtro-

plion" [Note 7|.
2594. y Ev(>kc\id iiitcns. not "Eiaksid" [Note 7[.

Pack 26 — Margincllidac [and C'Nstiscidac]

2634. ('l/sliscu\ dpldiiidspii'd, not "dpIidiHispcrd" [Note
3[; Coovcrt (1999) erroneouslv chaniJed it to
"aplidiiospinis" [Note 4[: description should read
"2 strong eolnmellar folds (trace ol smaller one)"
[(;S26[.'

2662. Mdr'j^iiiclld ihnilorlniw localitv should read "sLip-
posedlv Iroin Indian ( )ceau (.Sunda .Strait)." (This
correction enoneonsK relerred to f'ard 2709 on

(:s26) [(:.S28[.

2676. GhdwUd ivwcdiui. not "iiri imui" [(]S26|.

2(iS6. Xoliiiriiid ohsriirn speeiiiieii is niisidentified anil

iiiav represent .in imdeseiilied species [Card

2686/6191 |.
2687. Not issued; removed In K.hcIh'I' [CJS26J,
2709. See 2662 a!)ove.

Pack 27— Tcicl)i idac

27.52. I'lithrd ilclicdiidd. change authorship to K;iicher;

is Ifrchrd dlhd Cwmv [see alxncl.
2768. I'dirilcrchrd scpiirdudd: change kiniilv lo Col-

uml)elli(kie [Card 2768/42471. '
2797. I'diiilirchid lllip'dcd \lelvill, not "lliipsdcd -\lel-

vin" [hereiii[; change hmiiiv to ( 'olimihellidae

[Card 2797/4248 [.

Pack 2.S— Haliolidac

282.3. Hdliolis (H iiid: s|iecimen is //, ci/rlnhdlcs I'eron

|sie; I'l'roid |CS29[.
2877, Udliotis i/iicisiailor: misprinted ,is 2977 [herein[.

Pack 29— Xalicidac

2922. \dlicdiins lincozoiid not "liiicozoiiiis" [Note 4[.
29.38. Amanropsi'-: iiincrrlii. not //id/y/n'/" [lierein[; sjie-

cies Ir.insleired lo Ispitoniidae. as rrohliloid

niociclii I IV W ilsou i 199.3'.
29.5.5. Tccloiidlicd held: specimen malches ihe neotvpe

|(;.S.30[; see Card 77:5.

29.58. Xcrcrild rcslild. not "idslild" |Ndte.3[.

29.59, l-'.uiidliciiid liiddix liiild. not rlnHloihiilus [Note

G. Rosenberg and R. E. Petit, 2003

Page 113

2961. Xaficii lariolario: change authorsliip to Kaicher;
is a Ndtocochlis [see abo\e].

2980. Amauropsis (^lobuhis: species transferred to Epi-
toniidae. as ProbUtora globula, bv ^^'ilson (1993).

2990. Not issued; remo\ed b\- Kaicher [ES29].

.3013. Natica instilaniui: \ postcard postmarked Octo-
ber 26. 1981 asked that this card be destroyed as
the illustrated specimen was misidentified; how-
ever, the card was remo\'ed from some packs he-
fore thev were shipped [ES29]. Xatica inMilanun
is correcth' shown on Card 2998.

Pack 30 — Epitoniidae

3049. Epitoniiun (icaullioplnmi. not "firiintlinplcnnii"
[Note 3, 4].

EpitoHUim christiji. not "clin/sti/i" [Xote 3|.
Ejiitoiiiiiiii pliiti/plciira. not "pl/iti/plciiniiit" [Xote
4].
Epiti'itium Ifilii-ii not "Idlxinu" [Xote 3].

3062.
.3070.

3103

Pack 31 — Nassariidae

l\ak cover cartl. Xii.ssiiriiis rtiiisciisiis is not sinisti'al:
ncij;ati\c accidentalK "iloppeil" [(,'831 [.

.31.37. Twii cai'ds lia\e this numlicr, Xdssiirhis hi-iiiincos-
tcitnis [\i(\ hniiiiicdstoiiui] and .\', sirialiis [Xote
2].

3184, Xnssiiriii\ hitcnstniiKi. not "liitc<i\l(iiiiiis" [Xote 4[,

.3214. Tins iiumbi'i" was skipped [(.'S.jlj.

Pack 32 — C.'Miialiidae and Bursidac

32.39. This numluT was skippid brlwicii Packs ,31 and
.32 [Xote 1,1.

.3288, Twi) cards have lliis nniiiliri". Hiiimi ■j_riiinil(iiis
(initiniiiiiiiii aiul Ai'Udliiici iiniin jiiixlihir. one
should ha\(' been .3289, but it cannot be deter-
mined which [Xote 2j.

.3289. This nmnbci' was skipped [Xote 1[: see .3288
abo\ c.

Pack 33— ()li\idae

3:346.
.3112.

Pack

.54.58.

This niunber was skipjicd between Packs .32 and
.33 [Xote 1],

Aiiiiililfi }i(>i iiczri/mili/ic loiiii hiciilor .Vngas: An-
'j;as did nut inti'odiice llic n.iine hici'liir: it is a
iiiisspcllni'j; and iiiisiilcnlificalKiii dl Iricolnr (ii'av.
1S47 b\ Sutcr P)()| .Kconhii'j; to Olson il9.56i,
who lists the nainr in the s\ii<iii\ni\ ol Bail/spim
DoKiczcliiiulidc. The illustrated specimen is also
misiocalized; the species is endemic to New Zea-
land [herein].

34 — Nassariidae

\(l.ss(ii-iiis iiiiislcliiiiis: the specimen illustrated,
lower ritiht. is the holot\pe (I'SXM 24200!"
[CS34],

3482, Xassiirius abifs.sicohi. not "aby.ssicolus" [Xote 4].
3.52.5. Xassarins cinctcUns: "the 'life-size' illustration is

actuallv about t\\'ice life size" [CS34].
3536. Xassariiis Icptospim. not "Icptcspinis" [Xote 4].

Pack 35 — Epitoniidae

.'3570. Epitoniuni ecJiinatocosta, not "ccliinatico'itum"

[Xote 4].
3618. Epitouiiim sericifila. not "sericifilum" [Note 4].
3626. Epitoniuni caUipephim. not "calipephnn" [Note

_ ■^^'
3637. Epitoniiun Jolinccicostii. not "foliaccico.-^tiim"

[Xote 4].
3640. Epitojiinni tnniti-llnln. not "fnnitiUnhnn" [Xote

4|,
.36.5.3. Epiitiininni luihijhniiii. not "hahijhtninin' [Xote 4[.

Pack ,36 — Cassidae and Oocorjihidae [and
Harpidael

■37.30. Minimi \p : is Moinni ninoniii/ni iMiieisoii, 1986
[CS46[.

Pack 37 — Ciolmnhellidac

3770, I'his number was used in both Pack .36 {Eclliuo-
plioria caruosa^ and Pack 37 iAnarliis ilciiindiii-
tata) [Note 2],

3778, Anticliis nisitilln: habitat pre\iousl\' unknown;
matches shell illustrated as Andfliis. catcnnta from
Puerto Rico in Cariiibeau Seashells In W'armke
and .-\l)bott (1961) [C:S44j,

3779, Coslofiinicliis finctuata. change genus to A\uuhis
|I-:s:37b[.

.3781. rscndnniii'liis hii\rilinii . not "Fsi-ndoinincliis"

[Xote 7|,
3812, Mitrrlld //nsci i/s: ma\' be a Eujilira [E837a[,
.3822. ('oinnihrlhi Inrlnrinn: change combination to Fai-

plicii Inrlnrinn iPamarc'k) [ES37a],
3825. ('nhnnhclln rniiniis: change combination to Eu-

j)luii rnri/ins (.Sowerbxl |ES37a[.
3863. Colnnihclln \cripl(i: change combination to Enpli-

ai srrij)Ui (jjamarek) [ES.37a[.

Pack 38— C;<>luml>cllidac

.'3776-.3875: These iium!)ers were used in both l';ick 37
;ind I'ack .'38 [( :S.'39, Xote 2[.

3776, Xoihuhilii pasrud (Ilertlein),

3777, Milrclln (liiilicnintd iDm-k)s).

3778. Anachis rnnriHiilii (( ;;isk()in).

3779. A^lijris pirlnridn Diiil.

37S(). Milrclln drnsilinrnln i( ^aipenter'.

37SI . .\nnilii\ ctinccllnln ;inct. n<ni (;;iskoiu.

3782. Mitrrlld dnrlcrillrl (Knudseni.

3783. Annihis li'^hlfooli lE. .\. Smith i.

3784, A\hjris ridnn Dall,

3785, Milrclln inchilli iKuudsen).

Pagf 1 14

THE NAUTILUS. N'ol. 117, No. 4

37S6
3787
378S
3789,
3790
3791.
3792.
379;5.
3794.
3795.
3796.
3797.
379S.
3799.
3S()().
3S()1.
3802.
3803.
3804.
380.'5.
380(1
3807.
3808.
3809.
3810.
3811.
3812.

3813.
3814.
381.5.
3816.
3817.
3818.
3819.
3820.
382 1 .
3822.
3823.
3824.
3825.
3826.
3827.
3828.
3829.
3830.
3831.
38.32.
3833.
3834.
3835.
3836.
3837.
3838.
3839.
3840.
384 1 .

Colli mhella aislaiic/i SoNM'ihv.

Co.smionmcha ititcns ((1 H. Adams).

Aiiacliis (idelmac (Tivon).

Anachis bem/i Sha.sky.

Anarliis c)m'r<^c>is (FiscluT-PictIc and \i(kl(>s).

Anachis cmcrff'us \ar.

Milrclla ccrdcnsis t Knud.scii).

Anarliis alranicntaria (Sowcrliv).

Anachis consanfininca (Sowcrhy).

Milrclla paniila (l)unkcr).

Coltiiiihi'lla paijlciisis Lcs.soii.

Milrclla iiiiiuiorcnsis (Reeve).

Auacliis ^askoiui (laipenter.

Microcilliara cithara (Reeve).

Milrclla haccala ((Ja.skoin I.

Milrclla canaiicnsis (Orhit^iiv).

Milrclla <iiillala (Sowerljv).

Milrclla xcuia Dalk

Milrclla cssiic^tonciisis ( Hee\'e).

\asstirina Iclmanlcpcccnsis (Sha,sk"v).

Milrclla Icntiis (Caskoin)-

Slronil)ina paccana Dall.

Milrclla anstralis ((ia.skoiii).

Anachis dcsccudctis (von Martens).

Milrclla dclicala (Hceve).

Sassarina criicnlala (Morch).

Acsopns j)aiicii()lris: change coinliln.ilioii to I'ar-

vitcrchra paitcivolvis Pilshrv. since it is tlie t\pe

species ol the genns. and tlie genus is recognized

on Cards 2768 and 2797 (sec alioxe) |lierein].

Milrclla lincla Talc.

Milrclla loisac Pitts and koliL

Milrclla dicliia (Tenisoii Woods).

Anachis iiiccria (Stearns).

Anachis rccdi Bartscli.

Cosniioconcha palmcri (Dall).

Na.ssarina lichitac Keen.

? Euplica mania (l)nclos).

Milrclla haciiliis I Reeve).

Milrclla psilla (l)nelos).

Slronthina cdcniula Dall.

Anachis kirosira (l)uclos).

Anachis nitiiilosa (Sowerhv).

':' I'l/rcnc i/oldina (Duclos).

Anachis (s.l.) iodosUuna ((iaskoin).

'/Mfrona pidchclla ( Blain\ille).

Parantclaria dnpcntii \ Kiener).

Sironihina inciidczana Sliask'\'.

Milrclla conspcrsa ((iaskoin).

Milrclla piilla ((Jaskoini.

Asli/ris apprcssa Dall

Asli/ris j)ri>jccla Dall.

Milrclla icniilala (Sowerhv).

Asli/ris ninlliliucala Dall.

Milrclla Iniccinoidca (Sowerhv).

Anachis lcnti<iinosa (Hinds).

Asli/ris rosacea CoiM.

Acsopus ali^ocnsis (Sowerhv).

'r* h/rcnc ida \ D\ielos).

3842. Anachis alhclla iC. 15. .\danis).

3843. Milrclla jn/rantidalis iSowerhx).

3844. "Pi/rcnc" kincaidi 'Ibnilin.

3845. Anachis IcpUtlea (E. A. Smith).

3846. Milrclla apicata (E. A. Smith).

3847. Milrclla slicpstoncnsis (E. A. Smith).

3848. Anachis ohcsa (C. B. Adams).

3849. Na.ssarina hushiac (Dall).

3850. Ainphissa rcticulala Dall.

3851. Eti))lica hidcntala (Menke).

3852. Asli/ris ainiaiilis Dall.

3853. 7jijn>na nchulosa ((lonid).

3854. Milrclla saiuiacliclciiac E. A. Smith.

3855. Acsopus chn/saloidca (Caipenter).

3856. Acsoj)us hiltiin (lledlex). not "liiliiini" [Note 3].

3857. Acsopns cassaniira iliedle)).

3858. Milrclla iioikcnsis (Crosse).

3859. Nassarina picxa (lledley).

3860. Acsopns pallididns (lledlev).

3861. Milrclla ntssclli (Bra/.ier).'

3862. Anachis kraiissii (Sowerby).

3863. Zafra diraricala (Pilshr)').

3864. Yjifra allcrnala ((iould)'.

3865. Zclckia '^cnuniilosa (C. B. .\tlams).

3866. Acsopus stearnsii (Trv'on).

3867. Zafrona consohrina Rehder.

3868. ? Zafrona rcliaria (Tomlini. not "rctiara" |.\ote
■3|. "

3869. Anachis hiirnnpi ( IC. .\. Smith'.

3870. Riilhia niazallauica Sliask\.

3871. Milrclla hailci/i Hartsch and Hchtler.

3872. Anachis fiisidcns Dall.

3873. Acsojnis japonicus (iould.

3874. Anachis iniia (Thiele).

3875. Farainclaiia nuicrosloiiui iRee\e).

Pack 39— Tin ridae

3892. C'ochlc\jiii II radiala: sp(>cimen is not USNVI

421771 hnl prohahK .\NSP 300563; see Card

3907 [herein].
3907. Cochlcspira dedans: catalogne iminher 121774

\lsihle on shell is a USNM, not an ANSI', mnnher.

see V,M\\ 3892 [herein],
■39.39. A^alholonia caslcllata. not "coslcllata" [Note 3].

Pack 40— Coialliophiliclac

UK) I "Coralliophila" kochiaiur. change combination to
I.alaxicna kochiana: change lamiK to Mnricidae
[Card 400l/60.54|. See also Bnccinidae 4004. be-
low.

1080. "Coi/illiopliila" tnansjicldi: magnilications are "X2
and X4" [E.S40[,

Pack II — Na.ssariidae

4](),'5, \assarius sinannn. mil "sinanis" [Note 5],
1117 Hullia iuthi^ica. ni>l "indnsiiidica" [Note 3|,

G. Rosenberg ami W. K. Prtit, 2003

Page 115

414S. Ci/lliiic iiiii}ii(i(nltil(i iKil "nniiiKiii/liilii |I'',S41|.
41S.1. Biilliii iiliilicilciisis. not "nlliiirilciisis" |I'',S41|.

Pack 42— Coliimbellitlao

4205. Arsiipiis spii-idn. iml "sj}i(iiliiiii" | Note 4].

4210 I'liiviic (>is,(isawtiraii(i: reiiuned irom Pack 42, re-
printed and shipped witli Pack 43 [ES42a|.

27(iS/4247. I'dnilcnhni scpdnnulii. not "scjxirliniilii
I Note 3]; antlior is I'oniliii, not MeKill [lii'rein|.

2797/424S. Faniti'irbrii tliiirncii MeKilk not "tlii/rsfU'ii
Melvin" [Note 3].

4207. Milrcll/i iilii/liiiii: reniii\ed li'oni Pack 42. leprint-
ed and shipped with i'aik 43 |F.S42a]. Otiier
eartls tliat were reprinted hut not first renuned
are 4211-42iri. 42hS-4220. 4225, 4273. 427fi,
4202. 4204, 4200, 4200, 4304, 4305.

Pack

4004.

4310.

4330.

4343.

4345.

4350.
4369.
4373

43S3.

4397.

4404.

43 — Buccinidae

N/is.\(iriii jtiisilla loiiii Idci'un: nnsprint [or 4404

[herein |.

Bdhijlonui ciiiKilicnhilii: ehaiige to B spiratii iid-

eniianii (Swain.son) |C:ard 4935/4310|.

Wptiiiiiii iinti(jiiii: speeiineii is .Y. dcspiclii dcs-

pciifi (l.niiie) |(:,S45|.

PiMiuUi (hirhifiniji Pa\ raiidean: not ' Pa\randean"

[herein).

Burcintiin Iciirdsloiiin. not 'Iciicdsliniiinir | Note

4|.

Biicciiiuhiiit liiKd Ihicii. not "lincuin [Note 4].

Fliiis cijimii\loiii(i. not "(ii<nii>sli)iiius" [Note 4[.

Cantluirus iiti-hninsloiiiii. not " iiicldiistoniiis"

[Note 4).

Cdiitlidilis cn/lliroshtiiid. not "I'liitlirostniiius"

[Note 4|.

"Cdiitlidnis' dcdldhis. ehaiigi' eonihinatioii to

Eosiplm dinldlii\ iSehepinaii) |C:ard 4041/4397|.

See 4004.

Pack 44 — Buccinidae

4417, Mihila cllciia: inagnifieations X2 and X4. not X 1

and X2 [Card 49.30/44171.
4440. Pallid iKisliiidCd. not "jidsliiidccd [Note .3).
4460. Clh ipollia j>ul(lird: ihange genus to liuiihui |('aril

446()/5S:>3[.
4470. Sraiicsid diva, not "Scriiisid" [Note 7].
4513. C'diitluinis albozonatus: author is Kosiige, not

"Kosuge and Hahe" [herein |; prt'oeenpied name

replaced b\' C. Ifin-otdcnidlus Kosnge, 19S5 |(.'ard

451.3/58.35],

Pack 45 — Trochidae

4526. Cldiuidiis hcillu-lotii. not "bciilwliii" [Note 3].
4614. C(dli(>stiiin(i iiiicciitiic, change authorship to

Kaicher; probable svnon\in ol ('(dluiiilKniclld sii-

tiindis I'hilippi (see abo\'e|.

Pack 46 — Fasciolariidae

4620. Ldlirns rlnnhisliniui. not "rliailiishiinns" |Note4|.

46,51. Latinis iroccii.s. not "crocdtiis" [Note 3|.

4655. Microcoliis liiicoliicdsis: M. dinikch mentioned in

text is Card 1720. not 4719 |herein|.
4665. Ldlinis sint^^uldiis. not "(■/)/g((A;/7s" | Note 3[.
1671. Ldlinis clc'^diis: .iiithor is .\, .Adams, not "((w'aN)"

|herein|.
4674. Ldiims indinioplionis. not "nuniiiojjlinpliorus"

[Note3[.
46iS(). Lcucozaniii occUdia. not "occllifcrd" [Note 3[.
4694, Fiisinns frdfiilissiiiiii\: change genus to Bdi/criits.

change lainiK to Buccinidae [tJard 4694/5834[.

4710, lAitiriis Itiruhntuw change conii)ination to Cod-
jnijdHd liicidriitfi (A. Adams), change laiiiiK to
Bucciniilae [Card 471()/5S32[.

471 1. FiisitiKs nifocdiiddius: change genus to Fxilioidca.
change lamiK to riirbinellidae [(J.S.55[; reissued as
Card562S.

4715. Plcdraplocd lipidiiiis. not 'liiiiidrid' (Note 4j:
originalK spelled "li^iudiin.s" b\ Linne ( 1758), but
as "7(g/ic/r/(/s" b\' Linne 1767, \'okes (1971) noted
that the latti'r was correct Latin, but retained tlie
spelling lifi^nidriiis in accorilance witli the ICZN
rules then in effect. As the later spelling liiindiiiis
has remained in pre\ ailing use, attributed to Lin-
ne, 1758, it is to be maintained (ICZN Art. 33.3.1)
[herein].

Pack 47— Nerilidac

4733, Ddsliii IccudliL not "IrcDnli" [Note 3[,
4750. Cli/pioliini snhdiiiiciildluni. not "snhdiirihddtiun
[Note 3|.

4756. Chipcchiut tfdiitciisis: I'hangi' .\. diirictddtd in text
to C durictildhiiii lherein[.

4765. I'licodoxus cloit<s_atulu.s. not "cloii^aius" [Note 3],
4773. Flu'odoxiis piddiajicusis idlcufiiia: author is CIraells,

not ■( w'acllo [herein |.
4779. I'luodnxds jiclnjxtiirnsis. not "jicltiponiiisiiis"

[Note 3[.

4757. Ncrild hiniuiiticd: author is Trosthel. 1878, not
Heclu/ [herein],

4824. Wrdiiui irspniiuir. change genus to ClljjXdhnn.
to agree with placement of C, taJiitcims \CJarcl
4756), with which it is compared [herein].

Piuk 48— Buccinidae

4851,

4S62.
4885.

Mclidri sp. is ,\/. dthcdUd i^onchet, 1988 [C^ard

485 1/5888 1 ,

Cdnllidi'us IciicdZidnini. not 'liucozoinis" [Note

Pisduid lici'iindniiscdi. not ' lici'niiinscni ' [Noti'3[:
.\. .\dams (18.55) spelled the name 'Itcniuiii-
iiscni". stating "We have named it alter .\i. Her-
iiiaiiiisen. who has contributed so materialK' to-
wards the natural histoid ol the .Mollnsca, bv his

Page 116

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. No. 4

valuable work on Bibliograph\' and .S\nion\ms".
Because it is clear that .\clanis' intention was to
name the species for A. X. Herrmannsen, author
of Indicis Genenim Malacozoonim Primordia
(1846-1S52), the spelling must be corrected to
"herrmannseni" under I(-'Z\ .Article 32.5.1.

4899. Buccinuni kinukatsufii. not "kinokatsnge" [Note
3].

4900. Prodotia iostoma: change name to Pnulotia sp.
"A" [Card 4900/5831], wrong protoconcli illus-
trated; sec Cards 5826 and 5846 tor P. u>sto)na
and 5858 (or P. cf. P. iostmna.

Pack 49— C>ii^idae

4994. Olivclla fonnicdcorsii, not "fonnicarorsi" [Note 3:

named for Dr. .\. F"ormica Corsi].
5034. Olivclla nuild'Diijj: tvpc localitx is St. Niuccnt

[ES49aj.
5036. Olivclla tiiica: specimen is Inini l'"s|)iiit(i Sanio,

i^ra/il: wrong protneom-li illustrated |ivS49a].
5017. Not issued; renioxcil In K;uclier |ES49l)].

Pack 50 — Trocliidac

5053. ('.milliandclhi Icsscllata: eonip;u'e to s\iif\]ie sIkiwii

on Card 5791/5053; .see ( lard 5712. '
5067. Bathijhciiihix acdla: speeiineu is />, (■/' (ii'iilii IC'ard

5687/50671; see Card 5688.
5080. Micrclf'iu-liiis sau<itiinni>: \rniiiiiiiii'ii\. not "Micli-

rcliiiilnis" I Note 7|.
5095. Miiidliii li(il(lsin>rtlunui: aulliorsliip is \e\ill and

\e\ ill. not ""\e\ ill |lieli'in |,
5120. Micrrlciichiis l(ii(l>i-t>\iis. not \iuliril<iuhu\

[Note 7|.
5123. Micrchitclius stnifuihicus (■nij)lus. nol Miclirclcn-

ilni\" I Note 7i.
51 17. Miirclciiiliiis nildZoiuL nol Miilirclcncliiis iiiju-

zonus" I Notes 3, 6|,
5149. M'uivlnichiis dilatdliis. not Muhrilinchus iNoti'

_ 7).
5152. Astfic pulfhvrriiiius: svnonxm ol ('oniliisUlipuuc-

locoslaliis [(Jard 5686/5152].

Pack 51— Olividac

5253. 'iwo e;u(ls lia\e (lilx nnmlier. Olhil cf. iluU'iniiiil

and (A (iictdtd | Ndle 2|.
5259. This luiinber was skipped [Note 1 |.

Pack 52 — Turbinidac

5317. ('.iiildjdiilir/ Iriiniiplidii'i. nol "Ciiilfcrdid" [N<ile

5320. Guildfiyydid i/oka. not "Ciiilfonhd" iNote 7|.

5323. Micrdfitrca nilidoloiiui. nol "nilidiliniid" |Note3[.

5326. C.iiildfordi/i actdcdta. nol ' Cnillonlid" jNote 7|.

5329. Guildfordiii luDuilifcni. nol "Giiilfonlid" [Note 7|.

Pack 53 — Fissurellidae

5381. Medusafissurella salebroscr. "t\pe species of .\/('-

dusafissurclld" [CS53] .
5411. DcndwfissurcUa scutellum: "tvpe species of Den-

drofissurella" [CS53].
5420. Diodora cUzahethdc. not "elixdbethae" [Note 3].
5437. This number was skipped: assign to unnumbered

Diodora cahjculatd [Note 1],
5451. Fismtrclla pulclird: not that species; identits' not

determined [CS54].

Pack 54— Oli\idae

5502. Oliva miniaccd, not "iniiwacca" [Note 3].

Pack 55 — Turbinellidae

5660. This number was skipped [Note 1].

5661. This number was skipped [Note 1].

Pack 56 — Trocliidac

5686/5067. Condastcic puuctocostdtnw number should

be 5686/5152 [hcM-ein]; see ne\t item ;ind 5152

;il)()\('.
5687/5152. Batlii/hoiihix cf. dcohr. munber should be

5687/5067 [herein]; see prexious item ;md 5067

;iIk)\('.
5712. Cdnfliaridclld tcsscUald. not "icsscldta" [Note 3].
5716. Rossitcrid iiuclcds. nut "iiiiclcd" [Note 4|.
5721. "Miiiolid" holdsuortlidud: ;i\itli()rsliip is Ne\ill ;nRl

Ne\ill. not "NeNill" [herein [.
5757. Not issued; remoxed 1)\ K;iieher [CS.56|.
5791/505.'5. ('diillidiiilclld Icssclhild. not "Icsschitd"

|Note3[.

Pack 57 — Buccinidac

5795

5819.

5833.

5842.

5S4S.

C.rdssicdiithdnis ]io\jolkcnsis\ size is ;ibout 10

nun. not "40+ nnu" |hereiu|.

Scdiicsid fuscolahidld. not "Scarlsid" [Note 7].

En^iiia pidclird: note catalog number is 1966608

nol 19(i6()S (in <)ri<j;iu;il card (446()i [herein].

This munber was skipped; assign to unnumbered

Coluhrdiid (ortuosa [Note 1 j.

('oluhnirid hai/cri: transferred to Pritonohaqm

(( !aneellariid;ie) b\ I I;u';isew\(h. Petit and \'er-

hetken ' I992i.

Pack 5S— OMilidac

5914. Ciiplunnd si'j,udt\nu: nmseum numliei' is I S\\l

599: >S6 (KS58|.
5920. Cdlcrd dcuinnid: ehaniie genus to I'.idcnnoh d

|i-;s.58|.

592(S. I'sciiiloci/pidCd cx(jiii\ild: in text discussion. eli;inL;e

/' dddiii.s! to /' dddinsoiiii [fvS58|.
5943. Spiciddid Ixirbdrcnsis: change "Dall to "(Diill)"

H'.S58|.

G, Rosenberg and R. E. Petit. 2()():3

Paw ir

5944. Phcnacovoha baiischi: mu.seuni number is USXM

429178 [ES5S].
5951. Xamlawvula fonnosana: change ".\zuma" to "(Azu-

nia)" [ES5Sf.
5955. Phcnacuioka loebbcckcana: museum number is

USNM 219894 [ES58].

5964. Primovuhi nttlwiforcliana Gate, not "(Gate)" [ES58].

5965. Hahuprionoioha clioshicnsis. not "Habiiipiioiw-
voha" [ES58J.

5968. Phenacovoha wakmjamacnsis: specimen is P. ijoslt-
ioi (,\zuma and Gate) [GS59].

5970. Plu'iKicoioIia cIciicJu: nmsevnn number is USXM
2S2618 [ES58].

5971. Hiatavolca cleprcssd. not "Hiatdioha" [ES58].

5985. Ci/plwma mcpnfiii. not "iiiiicj^iiifiii" [ES58].

5986. Crcnavolia scrnild: nnrsi«um iiumlier is US.\.\I
735736 [ES5SJ.

5988. Psciiilosiiiiuid .s/j/ioii/: specimen fignretl is the ho-
lot\pe [ES58].

5989. C'rcniiK^hd "strUitidn" tinrtiirn: nniscum number
is .\MS G.64()7() IES58].

5992. Stolilcroina juinikoac: cliange ■'.■X/unia and (Jate"
to "(.\znma and Gate)" [ES58].

5999. Siiuuialcna intijtbctitn. imiseum nnml)eris U.SN'M
590065 [ES58|.

6000. Liicnma siimdims: museum numbi'i" is USX.M
284921 [ES58].

Pack 59 — Muricidae

6004-6052: \Lignification, omitted fidui man\ Munx
s.s. cards, is X 1 [C;S59].

6007. (?) Ptipiiiirj)lcnis iihcUi(\ not "Pii'j,iiitifiij)tcn/s".
L'lnuinibci'cd I'niricr'ui kopim cironeousK as-
signed to this uumbi'r on ('S59; on some copies
ol ('859, Kaiclier crossed out 6007 and wrote in
6038. which see.

6016. Poiricriri piiJitaiuna. not "Pniiicra" [Xote 7].

6017. Piioinacptvnis (idcnsi\_ not Pi/'niiiinijilin/s" |X'ote

60.38. Tins uumbei' was skippcil; assign to unuumbcicd
Poiricri/i kopiid [Note 1]; see 6007 above,

6098. Pi/<niwrptcn/s licluir/lliiii'Jitniii. iiol "Pimiiuicdp-
liTi/s" [Xote 7|,

(i070, 'Hils iiiunbiT was skipped; <issiL;u tii unmmibcred
lii\(inmi'(\ nitliroui |('S.59|.

609H. I'l/pliis (II ihi\u\ not "(iciiihiMis" | Xote. 3].

Pack 60 — MargiiU'llitlae [and C^slist■idac|

(i]08. UoiHdliuiiiilhd dm prliih not I luiniildcdnllid"

[Xote 7],
6111. ('diudispird dl/ciitid. mil ' Cdiiid.spii'd" [\ote ~\.
61.30. Dentiinariui sinilliii: museum number is M(.'Z

207389. switclied with ( ,ard 0171 's,-r below)

[liereinl,
6141. r' Piiiiiiiin piindiiid: change '4euns to '-^ P(r\iiiild

|(:S6()].

6171. Dcntinwr<'o iduxhdd. museum num!)er is .V.X81'

219511. .switched with Gard 6130 (see above);

Goovert (1999) erroneo\isl\- changed the ending

to agree with Dentiman^o [Xote 4[.
6185. Canalispira repUcatn. not "Canalspira" [Xote 7].
6189. Two cards ha\e this number: Gibbcnila laval-

leeana of authors and Volvarina perrieri [Xote 2].
6193. Tills number w-as skipped [Xote 1].
6204. Caudlispira minor, not "Canalspira" [Note 4].

AGKXOWLEDGMEXTS

We wish to thank William G. L\ons (Bill) and Ins wife
Garol for the man\' hours the\' spent sorting and con-
sening material relexant to the production of the Kaich-
er cards. Bill pro\ided a detailed re\iew' of the manu-
script, as did .\lan R. Kabat. Edward |. Petueh put us
on the track of unrecognized t\pe material o{ Conns spe-
cies in the I'SXM mollnsk collection. M. C UarasewAch
allowed us access to that collection and Paul Greenliall
provided iufonriation about changes in its organization.
Kathie \\,i\ lo.iued maleiial from the B.VIXH. Michael
liollmaun advised on West .African naticids. Ili'uk K.
.\lienis provided iniormation about Dr Rutllant. Sarah
Watson prepared the plates from digital photograplis
taken In Cian Rosenberg. Paul Gallomon photographed
Tcrciira dclicatida and added images oi it to the plates.

TJTER.VTURE CITED

.\(laiii. \\. 197). New names iufniduced hv .\I. Giinnullv and
liv II, B, I'leston in the Mollusca, Institut roval des Sci-
ences naturelles de Belgiijue. Bulletin 47i24): 1-77.

Adams. A. 1S.55. Descriptions ol tliirt\-nine new species of
sliells, Ikiiii (lie i'( illeel ii ii I (il Hugh Gumin;^. F,S(|. Pni-
ceeiliii'j.s III tlie Zi«il(i',iical ,S(ieiet\ of London for 1.S54:
l:3()-l:5S, pi 2S.

Azum.i. M IWill, .A cafaldi^ue (illlie sluil-hearim; Mollusca of
( )kiiicisliini,i, Kasliivvajnii.i .aid the adjaci-iit area (Tosa
Province'. .Shikoku. Japan. Tosa-W'an Kai-Hui Bmi-Ken
Kan-Ko-Kai [Tosa Bav Malacological Literature Puhlica-
tiiiii Ci.iniiiilteel; Osaka, Pp, [2] -I- 7 -H02 + (i + 17, 5
pis

Bkiinville. Ill, M,| de, 1825. Naticc. Natica. l.Malacoz.) Dic-
tiomiain- des Sciences Naturelles .34; 247-255.

Hkike. |, F 1902. Ohituarv; Professor Ralph Tate. F. L. S.. V.
C, S ( :eolo>,;ical Magazine n, s,(4)9i2V S7-95,

Bdiieliet. P ;iiid V. I, Kautiir, 2<H)(), The anatomv and svsleiii-
atics ol Latiromitra. a genus of tropical deep-water Pt\-
cliatractinae (Ciastropoda: Tudiiuellidae). The \'(iii;er 43:
1-23.

Bonn. Iv ile, 1913, DescriplKiii de S(:illd,ie iiiiiiveaiiv (lu pen
conn us ^ Snile'i 1 , jiiniii.il de ( oui livlioliigie fi(l( 4 I; 2(i9-
.322, pis, 10-11, "

Bratclier T and \\, (), ( .'eniiiluirskv, I9S7, Livini; Terebras of
the Wiiild American Mal.u'dlogjxis Mellidurne, Florida,
24(1 pp (1 + (iS pK

Galldiiidu. P 1999,1 Card (,'alalogue ol Wodd-wide Shells hv
S, I), K.iu lier. Pack contents index, version 1,0, L'HL
(littp;/'/erato,acMafsci.ort;;S()/coMclmetAai<lier2,t\t),

Callomon, R 1999li. Card Catalos^uc of Wodd-wide Shells hy
S. D. Kaicher. Iiidev el species, version I.I. LHL dittp;//
erat().acnatsci.ori;,'couclmet/kaicher.t.\t).

Page lis

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Cooniuns. II. E.. K. C:. .Moolenbeek and K. Wils. 19S(). .\1-
pliabeticiil re\ision of tlie (subtspecies in recent Ooiiidae
.3. albii.s to antillannn with the description of (Joinis al-
goensis agnlhasi. no\. subspecies, liasteria 44: 17—19.

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dae). Marginella Marginalia l{)(.3-fii; 1-39.

Dixon. K. M. and P Kvall 198.5, Xalicidae ofWest .Mnca, La
Conchiglia 17(2()()-2()1 ): .3^14.

Epple. A. (). 1969. Tlie Ix'ginning knowledge book ol ants.
Hutledge Books. New York. [.3.t| pp. | Illustrated In SalK
1). Kaicher I

Fernandes, V. and I:. Holan. 1993. Thi' laniiK .Naticiilae in
.Angola. Argonauta 7(6-12): 1-21.

Fihner R. M. 2001. A catalogue of nomenclature and taxon-
(ini\ in the li\ing (.'onidae 17.58-1998. Macklni\s. Leiden.
388 pp.

Germon, R. N. and W, C. Lyons. 1999, S:ill\ Diana K:ilelier
Febniarx- 19. 1922-\l,nvli 29. 1999. ,\rnerican ( ioiicliol-
ogist 27(2): 20-21.

Habe, T. 1961. Coloured Illustrations cil tlic Shells nl |:i|)aii
(II). IIoTkusha. Osaka, ix + [3] + 183 pj).. 66 pis

Hansiiin Shell Club. 1986. Bibliograpli\ of Dr Tokubei kuroda
(lor coiunienioralion ol his 99tli birthd.iv i, \isliinoinl\:i,
103 pp.. .3.3 pis.

Harasewych. M. C. K. E. Petit and A. Wrheeken. 1992. Two
new species of C^aucellariidae ((Jastropoda: Neogastropo-
da) from Brazil. The N.intilus 106: 1.3-49,

Higo, S. 1973. .\ Catalogue ol \li)llus(;Ln F,iuii;i of tiie Japa-
nese Islands and tlie ,\(lj,icenl Arc.i, S, lli^o, [Isahava].
[41 + 58 + ,397 + 61 pp.

Higo, S., R Callomon and Y, Coto, 1999, ( :at:il()iiuc .uid Bib-
liograpliN ol tlie .Marine Shell-bearing Mollnsca ol |,ip;iii
File Scientific Publications. Osaka, 749 pp.

llou:irt. H. 2001. .A review ol the Recent Meiliterr:incMn .uid
northeastern .-Mlantic species ol Mnricid:i<-, F\ol\ii.
Rome. 227 pp.

International Conunission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1998.
Opinion 1905. S. D. Kaichen 197.3-1992). Card Catalogue
ol World-Wide Shells: not suppressed lor nomenclatural
pnrjioses. Bulletin oi /ooloiiical Nomenehiture 55: 191
19.!.

lnlern:i(ional (^oniEnlssion on /oologic.il Nouienckiturc IV)99,
Intern, itional Code ol Zoological XonHiiihilnrc Idi edi-
tion. International Trust lor Zoologic.i! \onirinl.ilure,
London, xxix + .306 pp,

Kabat, A. R. 1996. Case 2961, S. D, Kaicher l 197.3-1992). Caril
Catalogue ol World-Wide Shells: ])roposed snpjiression lor
noMiericlatural piu'poscs, Bnllelin ol Zoological \onien-
dature .53: 9fi-98,

Kabat, A. R.. Y. Finet and K, \\,i\, 1997. Catalogue of ihi-
Naticidae (Mollnsca: Castropoda' described b\ C, .\. Re-
clii/. including the loi'ation ol the t\pe specimens. .Apex
12; 1.5-26.

Kaiciier. S. D. 19.56-19.57. Indo I'.ieilii Sea Shells: A guide lo
common marine snails from Fast .Mrica to PoKucsm, Pnli-
lislied by the author, sections 1-.5, 1956, Wa.shington, sec-
tions 6-7. 1957. Clearwater, Florida. [Section 1:] Tonna-
cea, [15] pp.; [Section 2:| Naticacea. Cvpraeacea. [15| pp.;
[Section 3:) Littorinacea. Cerillii;icea. Pvramidellacea.
Stronil)acea. etc.. [ I9| pp.; Section 4: Pleurotom;uiacea.

Patellacea, Trochacea, [16] pp.; Section 5: To.xoglossa, [23]

pp.; Section 6: Xbhitacea. [17] pp.; [Section 7:] Muricacea,

Buccinacea, [20| pp. [A proposed eighth section. "Opis-

tliobranchia. Selected Geographic Bibliognipln'; Re\i-

sions. Corrections and Emendation: Index", was never

|)ublished,|
Kaicher. S. D. 1968, .Mollusks and Misiflhmeous (Jronps.

Lakeland. Florida, Imperial Film Co.. .34 frames, in color,

35 mm filmstrij).
K.iiclur S I), 1972, \ second o\o\i\iparous Xass;irius. The

Nautilus 85: 126-128.
Kaicher. S, D, 1973. Card Catalogue of World-wuU' Shells.

Pack #1 — Marginellid:{c S 1), K;iiclier. St. Petersburg.

Florida, Cards |i-ii|, 1 95. 97 98.
K.iuhcr S. D, 1973, C;n-d Catalogue of World-wide Shells,

Pack #2— .Muiicidae P;n-t I. S. D, Kaicher St. Petersburg.

Florida. Cards [i-iij. 99-195.
K;ii(her. S, D, 1974. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.

Pack #:5— Mitridae P;n1 L S, D. Kaicher. St, Petersburg,

Florida, Cards I i-ii 1 , 196-292
K;iicher S, D, 1974, Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.

P:ick #4 -.Mitnd;ie P:ii-| li. S. D. Kaicher. St. Petersburg,

Flonda, Cards |i-iij, 29.3-.344, .346-389,
K.mher, S. D. 1974. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells,

Pack #.5 — Strombacea. S. D, K:iiclier St. Peterslmii;, Flor-
ida. Cards [i-ii], .390-497,
Kaicher. S. D. 1974. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.

Pack #6— Muricidae Part II. S, D K:iirluT. St Petersburg.

Florida. Cards [i-ii], 49,8-594.
Kaicher, S. D. 1975. Card Catalogue of World-wiile Shells.

Pack #7— Terebridae Part I. S, D, Kaicher, St, Petersburg.

Florida. Cards [i-ii], .59.5-691,
Kaicher S. D. 1975. Card Catalogue of World-wiile Shells.

Pack #8— Naticidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher, St. Petersburg,

Florida. C;u-ds |i-ii|. 692-743, 745, 745[bis]-797,
K.iuher S I), 197(i, C.ud (.:atalogne of World-wide Shells,

Pack #9— Mitridae Part III. S.D, Kaiilier St. Petersburg,

Florid;!. Cards [i-ii]. 798-903,
K.iich.r S D 1976, (;;ud ( .'.il.ilo^iie of World-wide Shells.

Pack #10 -Nolulid.ie, S, D, K.iichci, St, Petersburg, Flor-
id:!, Cards |i-ii|, 904 1009,
K.iidier S, D, 1976, Cud C:!l;!loiiue of Woi-|d-wide Shells,

I'.uk #11 Coiiuhie P:irt 1, S, 1), K.aclier St. Petei-sburg.

Flonda. Cai-ds |i-ii|. 1010-1115.
k.iicher S, D, 1977, Card Catalogue of World-wiil.- Shells,

P;!ck #12 -Conidae Part II. S, 1), K.iicher St, I'elersbiiig.

Flonda, Cards |i-ii|, I 116-1221,
K.ikhei S, D, 1977, C.ud Ciit.ilogiie of Wodd-w id.' Shells,

P;!ck #1.3— Coniilac Part III. S. D. K;!ichei, St, I'eleis-

burg. Florid;!, (^ai'ds ]i-ii]. 1222-1327.
K:iiilier S, D, 1977. Caid Catalogue of Wodd-wide Shells,

l':!ck #14— C:oi!idae Part I\: SI), K;!icl!er St, P.-leisbnrg.

Flond.i Cuds [i-ii]. 1.329-14.34.
K:!iclier S I), 1977, (:;!rd ( :;it:!lo<,;iie of WoHd-wide Slii4ls,

I'.ick#l5 Milnd.ie I'.ul 1\ S I) K.iuher SI, Petersburg.

fl.ind.i (.aids |i ii]. 1 1.3.5-1.540.
K.iicher, S 1), 1978. Card Catalogue of World wide Shells,

Pack #16 .Muri(i(l;i<' P;irt ML S, D, Kaicher, St. Pi'ters-

biirg, Florida, C;irds |i-ii|. 1. 54()| bis |- 1.541. 1.543-1646,
K;iiclier S, D, 1978, Card Catiilogne of World-wide Shells,

P;!ck #17— (Ainatiidae Part I, S, 1) Kaicher SI, Peters-
burg. Florida. Cards [i-ii], 1647 1752,
K;!ieher S, I), 1978 C;inl ( ,at.ilot;iie of Worldwide Shells.

G. Rosenben

il n. K. Frtit, 200:5

Page 119

I'.uk #1S-I'"as(i(]|:irii,lac Part 1. S, I) Kaiilicr. SI, Pc-
Icrslmri,^, Klcnida (^arcls |i-ii]. 1T53-1.S5S,

Kauliri S. I) U)TS Caul Catidogue of World-wide Slicllv
I'ail #19— Caiicvllanidae. S. D, Kairhcr. St. Pctcrsliun^,
Florida, Cards |i^i], PS59-19(-i4,

Kaichcr. S. D. 1979. C:ard Catalosiue ol World-wide Shells
Pack #20— -Muricitlae Part IN'.' S. I). Kaiclier, St. Peters-
hurg. Honda, Cards li-iij, 1966-2(1()S, 2(110-2071 ,

Kaicher.' S. D. 1979. Card Catalogue of Workl-wide Shells
Pack#21— Trochidae Part 1. S. D. Kaicher St. Peterslnirsj;,
Florida, Cards [i-ii], 2072-2177.

Kaicher, S. D. 19S(). Card Catalogue (jf World-wide Shells.
Pack #22— Trochidac Part H. S. D. Kaicher, St. Pctcrs-
hurg, Florida, Cards |i-ii], 2179-2274. 2276-2284.

Kaicher.' S. D. 19.S(). Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #23— Epitoiiiidae Part 1. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 2285-2302, 2304-2391,

Kaicher," S. D. 1980. Card Catalocriie of World-wide Shells,
Pack #24— Thaididae Part P SI), Kaicher. St. Petershurs;.
Florida. Cards [i-ii], 2392-2497,

Kiiicher. S. D. 1980. Card Catiilogiie ol World-wide Shells.
Pack #25— Miiricidae Part \'. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 2498-2603.

Kaicher.' S. D. 1981. C;ard Catalogue of Woild-wide Shells.
Pack #26— Marginellidae Part II. S. D. Kaicher, St. Pe-
teisburg, Florida, fJards [i-ii], 2604-2686, 2688-2709.

Kaicher, S. 'd. 1981. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #27— Terebridae Part II. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-

burg, Florida. Cartls

2710-2815.

Kaicher, S. D. 1981. Card Catalogue ol World-wide Shells
Pack #28— Haliotidae. S. D. Kaicher St, Petersliurt;, Flor-
ida, Cards [i-ii], 2816-2921.

Kaicher S. D. 1981. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells,
Pack #29— Naticidae Part II. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg, Florida. Cards [i-ii], 2922-2989. 2991-.3012. .3014-
3027.

Kaicher. S. D. 1981. Card Catak)gue ol Worl.l-uide Shells.
Pack #30— Epitoniidac Part II'. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
l)urg, Florida, Cards [i-ii[. 3028-3133.

Kaicher, S. D. 1982. Card Catalogue of World-wide Sliells.
Pack #31— Nassariidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher, St. Peters-
burg. Florida. Cards [i-iii], 3134-3137, 3137[bis|-3213,
3215-3238.

Kaicher S. D. 1982. Card C;atiilogue of Worlil-wide Shells.
Pack #.32— Cvuiatiidae Part II and Bursidae. S. D. Kaich-
er. St. Petersburg. Florida. Cards [i-ii], 3240-3288[!iis|,
3290-3345.

Kaicher, S. D. 1982. Card Catalogue of World-WKle Shells,
Pack #33— Olividae Part I. S. D, Kaicher St PettMsbiirg,
Florida, Card,s [i-ii], 3347-3452.

Kaicher S. D. 1983. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells,
Pack #34— Nassariidae Part II. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg. Florida. C;ards ]i-ii], 3453-3558,

Kaiciien S. D. 1983. Card Clatalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #.35— Epitoiiiidae Part III. S. O. Kaicher St. Pe-
tersburg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 3559-3664,

Kaicher, S. D. 1983. Card CatiJogue of World-wide Shells
Pack #.36 — Cassidae & Oocorytiiidae. S. I). Kaicher St
Petersburg. Florida. Cards [i-ii], 366.5-3770.

Kmcher. S. D^ 1984. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #37— Columbellidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher. St. i^--
tersburg. Florida. Cards [i-ii], 3770[bisl-3875.

Kaicher, S, D. 1984. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #38— Columbellidae Part 11. S. D. Kaicher, St. Pc-

Shells.
St. Pe-

lerslinig, Florida. Cards li-ii|. 3776[bis|-3875[bis|. 3876-
.3881.

Kaicher S. D. 1984. Card < ;al:il(i<;iie of World-wide Shells
Pack #.39— Turridae Part I. S. D. Kauher Si Petersburg,
I'lorida, tJards [i-ii], 3882-3987.

Kaicher S. D. 1985. Card Catak.giie of World-wide Shells.
Pack #40— Coralliophilidae Part 1. S. D. Kaicher St. Pe-
l.isburu, Florida, Cards [i-ii], .3988-1093.

Kaieher S, I). 1985. Card Catalogue of World-w ide Shells.
Pack #41— Nassariidae Part III. S. D. Kaicher St. I\'ters-
liiirg, Florida, Cards [i-ii|, 4094^199.

Kaither, S. D. 1985. Card Catalogue of World-wide
Pack #42— Columbellidae Part III. S. D. Kaicher
tersbiirg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 4200-4305.

Kauher S, I), 1985. Card Catalogue of World-w uk' Shells.
I'aek #4.3— Buccinidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 4306-4411.

Kauher. S, I"). 1986. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells,
Pack #44— Bucciiiidae Part IP S. D. Kaiciier St. Peters-
burg, Flonda, Cards [i-ii[, 4412-4517.

Kauher S. D. 1986. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #45— Trochidae Part 111. S. D. Kaieher St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 4518-4623.

Kaicher. S, 1). 1986. Card Catalogue of World-wide Sliells.
Pack #4(i— Fasciolariidae Part II. S.

Kauher S. D. St. Petersburg, Florida, Cards [i-ii|, 4624-4729.

Kaicher S. D. 1987. Card Catalogue ol Workl-wide Shells.
Pack #47— Neritidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher St. Petersburg,
Florida. Cards [i-ii]. 4730-4835,

Kaicher S. D. 1987. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Paik #48— Buccinidae Part IH. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 4836-1941.

Kaicher S. D. 1987. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #49— Olixidae Part II. S. D. Kaicher St. Petersburg,
Florida, Cards [i-ii], 4942-5046.

Kaicher S. D. 1987. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #50— Trochidae Part IV. S. D. Kaicher, St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 5048-5153,

Kiucher, S. D. 1988. Caril C^atalogiie of World-wide Shells,
Pack #51— Olixidae Part III. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg Florida. Cards [i-ii], 5154-5253, 5253[bis]-52.58.

Kaicher, S. U. 1988. Card Catiilogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #52— Turbinidae Part I.'^S. D. Kaicher. St. Peters-
burg, Florida. Cards [i-ii[, 5260-5365.

Kaieher S, ]) 1988. Card Catalogue of WoHd-wide Shells.
Pack #53— Fissurellidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher, St. Peters-
burg. Florida. Cards [i-ii[. 5366-5471.

Kaicher.' S. D. 1989. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #54— Olividae Part IV. S. D. Kaicher, St. Petersburg.
Floritla, Cards [i-ii[. 5472-5577.

Kaicher S. D. 1989. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #55— Turbinellidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher St. Peters-
burg. Florida, Cards [i-ii[, 557S-.5659, 5662-5685.

Kaieher S. D. 1990. Card Catalogue of Workl-wide Shells.
Paek #56— Trochidae Part \'. S. D. Kaicher. St. Peters-
burg. Florida. Cards [i-ii], 5686-5756, 5758-5791,

Kaieher S I) 1990, Card Catakigue of Wbrid-u idi' Shells.
Pack #57— Buccinidae Part IV, S, D. Kaicher SI i'eters-
biirg. Fk)rida, Cards [i-ii[, 5792-5897.

Kaicher S, D. 1991. Card Catalogue of Worid-wide Shells.
Pack #58— 0\-ulidae Part I. S. D. Kaicher St Petersburg,
Florida. Cards [i-ii], .5898-6003.

Kaicher S. D. 1991, Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.

Page 120

THE NAUTILUS. Xol. 117, No. 4

Pack #59— Muricidae Part N'l. S. D. Kaicher. St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 6004-6109.

Kaicher' S. D. 1992. Card Catalogue of World-wide Shells.
Pack #60— MargineUidae III. 'S. D. Kaicher, St. Peters-
burg, Florida, Cards [i-ii], 6110-61S9, 61S9[bis]-6192.
6194-6215,

Kav, E. A. 1979. Hawiiiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna
of Hawaii. Section 4: Mollusca. Bemice P. Bishop Muse-
um Special Publication 64(4). xviii + 653 pp.

Kohn, A. J., S. S. Kim, P E. Pointer, A. C. Riggs, H T Dang,
A. K. Sw-arthout and T. A. Bod^. 1995. Catiilogue of Re-
cent and fossil Conns, 1937-1995. URL (http://
w\\-w -.biologN. Washington. edu'bsa/.\Ko!nL title. html).

Laniprell, K. 1999. Obituan. SalK Diana Kaielier: Febrnan 19,
1922-March 29, 1999.' Austr;dasian Shell News 104: 4.

L\ons, W. G. and S. D. K;iicher 197S. A new Vcxilhim of the
subgenus Piisia (Ciastropoda: \'e.\illidae) from tiie Balia-
mas. Bulletin of .Marine Science 28; .543-549.

Masahito [Prince Ilitaciii], T. Kuroda and T. Habe. 1971. Fam-
ily Epitoniidae. Pp. 395-413 (Japanese), 247-258 (En-
glish) In: Kuroda, T, T. Habe and K. Oyama (eds.) The
Sea Shells of Sagami Bav. Maru/.en, Tok-\-o. Pp. i-\i.\, 1-
741 (|apanese>, 121 pis..' 1-489 (English). 1-51 (index).

Mii'nis, H. K. 2002. On the identit\' oi Ctillioslonui iii-rnliic
Rutllant. The Conchologists' Newsletter 160: 137.

Okamoto, M., ed. 2001. Molluscan taxa described bvTadashige
Habe (for connnemoration of his eightietii birthday. 1.
Castropoda (excl. Heterobranchia). C!ommittee for cele-
brating Dr. T Habe's Kijifirfli Rirllid;i\, Tok\(), [iii] +
x-xiii + [i] + 891 pp.

Olson, O. P. 1956. The genus H(inisf)ini i .\Iollustai in New
/.e;iland. New '/ealand (Geological Sunc\, Paleontological
Bulletin 24: 1-32, pis. 17.

O/aki, H. 1958. Stratigraphical and pak'oiitiiliii,;K-.il sliidics on
the Neogene and Pleistocene formations nl llic Tsosi Dis-
trict. Bulletin of the National Srienic Miiscinii lT()k\()l
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Paes-da-F""rauca, .\I. dc I. 1957. Contribuii^ao par.i o conhcci-
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testaceos. .'Vnais da Junta dc lincstigavocs do I'llnLMi.u
10(2V I -.39, pis. 1-2.

Pctuch, K. |, 19S0, Who is S.ilK Diana Kaicher^ Hawaii.m
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Poppe. C. T. and V. Colo. 1991. Kunipciii Sc.ishriis Nol, I
(;hrista Hemmen. W'iesbaik'U. .352 pp.

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Ree\e, L. 1855. Monogi.iph ol the genus Xcilica (;oncliologia
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Reid, G. K., H. S. Zim and G. S. Fichter. 2001. Pond Life; A
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Ponds and Lakes. Rexised edition. St. .Martin's Press: New-
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Rice, T. 1969. A Catalog of Dealer's Prices for Marine Shells.
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Rice, T 1977. A Catalog of Dealer's Prices for .Marine Shells.
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[Rice, T] 1999. Sally Dianne [sic] Kaicher 1922-1999. Of Sea
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Rice, T 2000. A Catalog of Dealer's Prices for Shells: Marine,
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THE XALTIIA'S 1 1T(4!:121-1:34, 2003

Paee 121

Reproduction of Crepichda navicuki M0rch, 1S7T and Crepidula
aphjsioidcs Reexe, 1859 (Caenogastropoda) from Morrocoy and
La Restinga Lagoon, Venezuela

Patricia Milosla\ich
E. Klein

l^cpartaiiifiitd tic Kstiuliiis

Aiiil)ientales ami IXTtX-'MAR
Unhersiilad Siniini Bolhar
P.O. Box S9.()()()
Caracas, 1080
NENEZUEL.A
piiiilos(0usb.\e

P. E. Penchaszadeh

Facnitad dc ( liciicias E*"\actas \-

\aturalc>
Uniwrsidad dc Buciio.s Aires
Mii.sco Argentino de Ciencia.s

Naturalcs-CONICET
Av. A. Gallardci 470. Buenos .\ircs
ARGENTINA
pcnclias@i)i^.kii],iilia ar

ABSTRACT

Brooding specimens ot Ci-i-piihilii iijili/sididcs an<l ('ripidiilii
iiiniciilii were collectctl Ironi La Hestin<j;a Lai;(icin, Mari^arUa
Island anil Las Lulsas Bav, -\lornico\. \cne/uela at a (k'ptli ot
0.5-1 m. Indi\idnals of C. (ii>Ii/si<ii(h-s were attached to iiian-
u;ro\e oysters and mussels that were attached to the roots ol
RhiZDplwni nttiihjc. while those ot (' iidiiculd weri' attached
to the gastropod Mtxliihis iiinihihi.s.

Brooding females ol (.', tipli/sioidcs measured 9.4-18.2 nun
shell length and each female brooded 2.3.4 ± 4.5 egg capsules.
The egg capsules had a triangular shape, with one corner ex-
tending to form a stalk that attached tlie egg capsule t(j the
substrate. The capsule walls were thin and transparent. Egg
capsules measured ().. 5-2.1 rum length (without the stalk). 0.7-
2 7 mm width, and the st.ilk ().6-.'>..3 mm length. The number
ol eggs per capsule \aned irom 3 to 18. The nncleaved egg
measured about .300 |jLm and all eggs dexeloped. Nurse eggs
were not obsencd. ( .'anuibalism howexcr was obsencd
anion',; siblni'4 I'uilmos and tin- iiiMnber iil hatclilings was sig-
uihcautK lower ib\ one mdi\idnall than the number ot eggs.
Hatching occurred as crawling juxcuiles measuring about fiOO
(jLin in shell length-
Brooding females ol (■ niiiiriilii nn'asurcd 4.y
length and each tcuiale brooded 8.5 ± 2.2
egg capsules were \en similar to those ol C apltis'undrs but
smaller (between 0,5 and 1.3 mm len>j;thwis{- ' and ((jutaiucd
3-fi eggs each. The unclea\ed eggs measured around .330 jxm
All eggs develop: cannibalism was observed and the number ol
hatclilings was significantK lower ih.in the iiumbei of eggs.
Beh\een 2—1 individuals lialclied per capsule as pediveligers
measiunnii 550-1 I 72 |a.ni shell len',;lh

Female si/c ileteiinmed leeunilil\. m terms ol |u\enile pro-
duelioH. on both species. This is aceomplished lliion^h Iwci
dillerent strategies, the Hrst an increase in the number ol
hatchhngs per female at larger female sizes \C. (ijihisinidc-^ i and
the second that larger females produced larger egg capsules
with more hatchlin-'s (C ntuirula'

4 nnn shell
e2a capsules. The

INTHODLC riON

The shells of Crcpididd Lamarck, 1799 an- limpet-like,
flat or (.'ap shaped, witli a coiled apex at the posterior
cud. the interior has a shelK' platform which is attaclied
to the shell 1)\ both side.s and covers about lialf of the
internal area (tin' posterior portion ot the .soft bod\ '. and
tlie\ have no opecuhmi (.Ahliott, 1974; Diaz and Fiixaiia.
1994).

CaKptraeids in the genus Crcpididd are \en eominon
throughout the North and South .\iiierican coasts both
ill the Pacific and the Atlantic. Abbott (1974 i reported
13 species from North .America, and Hoaglaiul (1986)
reported other additional six species. In the Caribbean,
Di'a/ and Pinana (1994) and De |ong and (j)oiiians
f 19881 reported 3 species from (Jolombia. the West lii-
dii'S, Ariiba, ("urayao. and Bonaire: these are Cnp'ididd
dculcata CTmelin. 1791. Cnpulidd conicxd Sax; 1822.
and Crcpididd pldiia Sax. 1822. Warmke and .\bbott
(1961) reporteil three other species for the (Caribbean.
(.'rcpiduUt ^Idiicd Sa\. 1822, Crcpididd prolcd d'Orbignx.
184.5, and Crcpididd riisci Dunker, 1877 The faxonomie
allocation of species is ilifficult solcK on tiie basis ol
concliological characters given the impressive plastieitx
that these shells have when growing on dilfi'rent sub-
strates. Iloaglaiid ( 198(SI made an adv:niee in the svstein-
atics ol the geniis thi'oiigh the stiidv ot egg capsules,
lanal development, electrophoresis, and anatomv. ( Jillin
(2000al stated that the taxoiioinv ol the species ol Crc-
pididd with pale, flattened, concave, or reclined shells
is particiilarlv tlilficult and uncertain: she separateil tile
(.'rcpididd phnid cinnplex from North .•\merica into three
dillerenl species based on nioiphological. developmen-
tal, and inoleeiilar ( mitocliondrial cvtoehrome o.xidase I)
data.

Inlormatiou regarding reproductive patterns of some
species has proved to be ven helpful in iletennining the

Page 122

THE NAUTUAS. Nol. 117. No. 4

"■^^T^

■ ^ V fr^

CARIBBEAN SEA

/'> VENEZUELA I xl „,—

60 KM

Fij^ure 1. Map of the (^arililicaii showing rdllcrtiiii; site.s: (A) La.s Luisas. MorrocoN National Park and iB' La Restinga Lasjooii,
Mai''arita Island.

s\'st(>niatic placement lA llicsc specie.s (Pencha.szadeh,
198S). The major review ol hiood characteristics for Ca-
Kptraeidae inclndeil 19 Cirpkliila species (Hoagland,
19S6) of wliicli iwo species. (.". plana Saw 1822 and C.
conicxa Sa\. 1S22 liad difierent data depending on geo-
graphic localitx. In sum man. as are all calvptraeids, Cir-
pkliila species are prolandric hermaphrodites. The\ ma\'
ha\(> small oi' large lecitholi-ophie eggs, and as extra-
emhrxonii' iood sources die\ max leed on uiu'se eggs oi'
cannihali/.e sibling emiinos. In conse(|nence, tlcvelop-
ineiital modes are xariahli" and hatching can take place
as planktdtropinc \eiigers. pediveligers, or crawling ju-
veniles. ( .'iedcin and I'enchaszadeh (2()()1) di'scrihed the
reproduction ol Crcpidnla ar^eulina Simone, Fastorino
and Penchas/.adeh, 2()()(), and also ga\e a lesiew ol some
ol the reprodnctixc characteristics oi South American
Crcpidnla species. Other studies describing the repm-
dncti\e biologx ol several Crcpidnla species are: kuud-
sen (1950). iVandel (1976). Stone Anient (19791. cjia-
parro et al. (19991. Callardo (1977. 199(il and Collin
(2()()()a. b).

Herein, we describe the egg ca|isules. intiac'apsiilar
dexelopment ol the embrvos, and hatching mode ol two
Crcpidnla species Irom \enezuela: C. umindu Inim
MorrocoN National Park, which is located on the noilli-
wcstern coast ol (lollo Triste, and (' /iplii\i(ii(lrs horn
Isla de Margarita, an island located approximatcK 10 km
north Irom the Ara\a Peninsula at the iioitheastern coast
of \'eneznela. The relalionshi]) between Icmale si/e and
the nimiber and size of egg capsules, si/e ol the eggs,
and size ol hatchlings was also determined as well as the
relationship betAveen ca]isule size and llie nmnbei' ol
eggs, embnos. and hatchliniis contained llierein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sl'IsC.-IMF.NS

Crcpidnla iiaiicida: specimens blooding egg capsules
were collected in Febnian 1995, September 1996 and
Februan' 2002 at Las Luisas. .Morrocov National Park.
Falcon State ll0°52' N, 69°lfi' W, Figure 1). at 0.2-1.0
m depth. The habitat consists ol a turtle grass bed with
some patclu>s ol sand and the calcareous alga Haliincda
nionilc (Ellis and Solander' Lamoui". The specimens
were found attached to live Modnlns ntodnlns Linnaeus.
175S (Figure 2), gastropods that were living on leaves ol
(he tm'tle grass Thalassia Icslmitunin Banks e\-Koning.
The females (Figiu'e o") and egg capsules collected were
obsei-ved live. To obsciAc the embnos in the egg cap-
sules during development, the lemale was carelullv re-
moved from the substrate and the underKiug brood was
obsened under the stei"eosco|)ic microscope, .-\lter the
observations, the lemale was reattached to its brood.
'I'his reattachment was nsuallv successlul. but when not.
die enibiAds inside llic egg capsules remained live lor S
(lavs without the |)rolection ol the mother In addition,
we placed microscojie slitles inside tlu' aijuaria and some
females spawnid using these surlaces to attach their
broods, allowiii'j; us lo obseive the egg capsules through
the L^lass wididiil lemoving llii' niolher. Egg capsules at
the different stages of development were fi\<>d in a glii-
camini'-acetate i(;,\) bnlfer containing 4—fi'/f lormalin
(Miloslavich and I'euehas/adeh. 19971 j'o,- at least 24
hoiu's and presencd in ethanol. I'lie photographs were
taken from live material. Noucher material I'oiisisting ol
the cutiii' adull iiidiv idiials piescned in ethanol was de-
piisilcd ill llie l''iilil Miisciiiii (il Natural lliston. (!hi-

p. Miloslaxiili ct al, 2003

Page 123

Figures 2-.'}. ('ripulula ndiindd 2. Xnilral \ ic\\ dI tlic "gas-
tropod liost Miiiliiliis iii(>(hiln\ Willi (iiic indixidual ol (' luni-
cula attaclu'd .'J. Neutral and dorsal \ii-\\ nl (' luii iriila Scale
bar = 10 imii.

caiici, I'MMi 293349 ami al llie Miiseuiii of ( ajiiipara-
the Z()()l<ig\. Caiiilirul'j;!', MC/ 304129^

Cn'pididd (ipUjsioidts Hniodiii'.^ speeiineiis were v^^-
lected in Fehruan 2000 and Octoher 2001 and 2002 ,il
La Restinga Lagoon (iocatfd between 64°2' \\ and
fi4"12' \v/l0°9()' X and 11°2' \, Fignre 1 i, Margarita
Island, Xne\a Ksparta State, N'eneznela. Dnring tlie first
field trip (Felii'nan 2000), individnals were Inund at-
tached to tlie niangrove lAstri' ('rii\si)\l I'cii iliiii>j)li(>riic
Gnilding, 1S2S, tliat was attaelu-d to inaiigiovc roots ol
Rhizuplioni niaiij^lc l,innaen,s at a depth ol 0.3-1.0 in.
Dnrinti; the second field trip (( )ctoi)er 2001 >, niost ol the
aninials had I'hanged their siilistrate ,ind weic now at-
tached to the inxading ninssel renin i iiidis Liiniaeiis,
I75S (Fignre 4i which had licen previousK reported in
tlu- N'enezne'lan (airihhean hiil not at this .site ( Pencha.sz-
adc'h and W'lcz, 1995). The leinales (Figure 5) and egg
capsules were ohsent'd li\c as prexionsK desirilietl lor
C. niivicuin and posteriorK were fixed and present'd in
ethanol, N'oucher material eon,sisting ol the entire indi-

Figures 4-5. Ciijiiiliild (iphjsii.iulcs. 4. \aKe ol host I'tnid
iiiiclis with one indixidual ol f'. aphisioides attached. 5. Wntral
and dors.il xjexx ol (' nplt/siDiilrs Scale bar - 10 mm.

xidiials presencd in ethanol x\ as deposited ni the Fiidd
Miiseinn of Natural iliston. FMNH 293348 and at the
Mnsenin of ( 'omparatix e Zoologx; MCJZ 304130.
304131. .304132 and 3041.33.

Ol A i:i,l H'MKNT

.\ total ol 40 brooding leinales ol (^. uininila and 45 o(
(' iij)h/siiiid(:s xx'ere collectt'd. The lolloxxing aspects ol
tlie spawn xxi-re studied: (1) ininiber and size of egg
capsules brooded per leiiuile, (2l nnniber and size of
eggs and dexfloping enib|-xos within tlie capsule, (3) ob-
senation ol the different stagi's of tlexelopiuent, ami (4)
hatchiiiii mode and size of halclilirig. We studied the
relationship belwcen li'iiiale sizi' ,iml iimnbcr and size
ol capsules, and number and size of eggs, embnos ami
liatclilings per cajisule as well as the relationship be-
tween capsule size aiul number and size of eggs and
halclilings per c.ipsiiie using a Pearson product-moment
correhition. (uxcii that some samples max not be inde-
pendent a.s thex come Irom the same temale, we cal-
culated partial Pearson correlations using, when appli-

Page 124

THE NAUTILUS. \"ol. 117. No. 4

Table 1. Lengtii. width and height of broodiiis; feiiuile.s of
Cn-pidula imiicula and Crcpidiila apli/sioides. Hcsnlt.s are re-
ported as mean ± SD. Niiinbcis in parentliesis indicate range
Miiinimal and ina\imal valnesV

Lengtii
(inni)

Width

(in 111)

Height
(mm)

Cnyklula navicula

5.9 ± 0.6

4.2 ± 0.4

2.2 ± 0.3

(4,9-7.4)

(3.:J-4.S)

(1.7-2.7)

n = 40

n = 40

n = 40

Crqndula aphjsU tides

12.4 ± 0.2

8.8 ± L4

3.0 ± 0.7

(9.4-18.2)

(7.2-12.2)

(2.8-3.9)

11 = 72

11 = 72

11 = 72

calih'. llic varialiics Icnialc Miliiini', caiisiilc area ami
iniiiilier ol eap.sulfs as eDiitiolliiig; factors.

C;iven the growth particularities of the sliells oiC.'/r-
pichila in relation to their snshstrate. instead of consid-
eriiig teiiiale size as shell k'ligth e\chtsi\ely. we report
leinale size as the volume ol a hall spheroid in whieli
the volume is calculated hv the following e(|uation:

\' (half spheroid) = (4/3 tt .li.rl.r2)/2, in whicli h =
shell height, il = radius 1 (half shell length i and r2 =
radius 2 (half shell width).

.\ll ohsenations ol li\e and presencd inafeiial were
carried out with a Zeiss stereo.scopic inicrosco|ie and
Zeiss microscope: measnrements were peiioiined with
an ocular inicroineter.

lUvSn.TS

Si;\LAi. .VI.MT'Ri'n' AND Female Size-
Rei.atiovships

-Spawn

The shells ol brooding females ol C. navindu measureil
4.9-7.4 mm length, 3.3-4.8 mm width, and 1.7-2.7 mm
lieight (Table 1 ). The female genital papilla was obsened
in indi\iduals larger than 3.5 mm shell length, while
males (with presence of a penis) measured up to 5 mm
shell length. Female \oliime of C. navicula was sigiiifi-
lantK correlated with cajisnle area (Pear.son product
monu'iit correlation: p < ().()() 1 ). Xo correlation was ob-
sened between female \()lume and the other reproduc-
tive parameters. However, a relatixelv good correlation
was found with hatching size (p = 0.058). Capsule area
w;is correlated to number of eggs (p = ().()()4). number
of de\t>loping embnos (p < O.OOL) and number of
hatchlings per capsule (p = 0.001) (Table 2, Figure fi).

The shells of brooding femtiles of C. aphisioides mea-
sured 9.4-18.2 mm length. 7.1-1.2 mm width and 2.S-
3.9 mm height (Table 1). The female genital jiapilla was
obseived in indi\iduals larger than 7.5 nmi shell length,
wliile males (with presence of a penis) measured up to
I I mill shell length. In this latter species we obsened a
sigiiifii'ant relationship between female \()lume and:
number of i-apsules ip = 0.0021. number of eggs per
t-apsnle ip < 0.001 i, nuiiibei- ol eiiibnos per capsule (p

0.001 ). and iiumber of hatchlings per capsule (p <
O.OOL. \o ri'lationship was obsened between lemale

lahh- 2. Statistic results of lemale si/e-sp;iwii relaticmsliips leu (ri piihilii mil iitd/i-

\anahli

r eiirrchitioii

( jintrolletl h\

Keiiiale \oliniie — luiiiiher of e.ip-

sules
Female volume — eapsiili' area
Female \i)luuie — uumlier of eggs

per capsufe
Female volume — nunifn r ol cm-

hnos [HT capsule
[•'emale volume — umiilicr ol fuitcli-

fings piT capsufe
l'"eiiiafe volume — e<gg size
Female volume — liatehiiig size
(:a[)snle area — mimher of eggs per

capsule
Oapsule area — iiumher of emhnos

per capsule
(.'apsule area — iiumlic] ol liali li-

lings per capsule
(.'apsule area — egg size
(.'apsule area — hatching size

Niimher ol capsules — liatthing size
Nuuiher of liatclilJMg [)er capsule —
hatching size

0.139

O..W()

(1 199

(1.009

(I.O,-)!

0,02

0.248

0,fi55

0.577

0-652

0.131

0.245

0.519

0.135

0,394

40

None

< 0,(101

157

Niimher ol capsules

0,144

18

( !apsiile :irea

0,912

157

( lapsiile area

(),S2(i

22

( 'apsule area

0,999

75

Numher ol ea[)sules

0 (TiS

61

Nuuiher of capsules

(),()(H

IS

Capsule area
Female volume

<(),()()1

157

Female volume

OOOI

22

Fern. lie vuluine

0.2fiS

75

Female volume

OOfil

61

Female volume
Numher of capsules

•,0.001

61

Female volume

<0.00I

61

Female volume

(*l Pearson prodiict-momeiil correlation

(**) Partial Pearson correlation using as eoiiliollliig laelor isi the v.iriahle s' which showed a si<;nifieaiil eorrehilion ,mil i(iiilrollmg

hv female volume.

p. Milosla\ich et al., 2003

Page 125

<.5
4.0

3.5

{fl

^^^..^^^

.^3.0

t "

"S

_g

y^

E 2.0

y^

^

. ../

•

1 5

t

1.0

«

•

♦

•

Crepidula navicula
r-0652.D = 0001.n=22.

Capsule area (mm

Figure 6. Relationship l)et\vei-ii luniiher ol liatchliiit^s and
capsnle area of C'lvpiiliihi ninicnhi.

a 30

E

Z 15

Crepidula aptysioides

I = 0 477 p = 0 002. n=38

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Female \dume (mm"*)

F''ili;urc' 7. Helatunisliip between leinale size (xolnnip) and
nniiiliei ot capsnles per liriiod ol Cnpidiild (ipliisioidcs.

size and liatclilini.i size. Capsule ai'ea was eonflated In
nunilier ot ileNeiopiiiij enilinos ip < O.OOI) and nnniher
of liatchlings per capsule (p < 0.001). (Table 3, Fignres

7. 8).

Dk\ki.<)I'\ik\t

Crcpuhilii iiiniciihr The females brooded 5-15 egg
eajisules in the mantle ea\it\. The egg capsules mea-

sured O.S-l. fi mm width and 0.5-1.3 nun length (from
till' base of the capsule to the tip), tlie stalk is thread-
like <iiid measures 1.0-1.2 nun leiigtli (Table 41.

The muiiber of eggs pel' capsule \aried fnjni 1 to fi
(mean = 3 ± 1, u = 157). The uncleaved eggs were
\ellow antl measured approximatek- 330 (xni in diameter
(Figure 9. Table 3). .'\11 the eggs di-xeloped. gastrulation
is In epiboK as the niicromeres at the animal pole di\ ide

Table 3. Slatistir results ol li-inalc si/i-spawu nl.itionsliips lor Cii piiluhi iiplij\iiii(l<-

\ anal)les

I I'oi rrlation

f .:

( :oiitroll<il li\

Female \c)lnnie — nniiiiur ol cap-
sules

Female viilume — capsule area

Female \olume — number of ei;iis
per capsule

Female Ndliinie — niniiber of em-
bn'os per capsule

Female volnnie — number of fiatcli-
linsjs per capsnle

Female volume — egg size

Feniiile volume — hatching size
Capsule area — number of eggs per

capsnle
Capsule area — uimilicr ol cinbnos

per capsnle
C'apsule area — ninnber of liatcli-

liii'^s per capsnle
(Capsule area — em size
('apsnle area — liatchini; size

Number of capsules — liatcliiii'^ size

Xniiifier ol liatiliiiiiii; per capsnle —
hatchini' size

O.IT(i7

(1.(1(12

(1.2.)95

().t!-)4l

II.72S

l).S7ll.5

(1,(1(1(1.3

IM17S

(l.f4l)S

(l,(i(lS

ll.2S.5S

(1(1IS."5

Il,l(l(i7

1)245

(1.174.3

(l.f.53

<(l.()(ll

<0.0(11

<()()(lf

0.i^)9(-i

().2(i2

0,(121

<().(l()()f

<(l.(l()()f

0.763

0,f24

0,725

11(112

3S

38
57

70

45

269

210

269

315

210

277
210

210

210

\cinc

Number of capsules
Capsule area
Number of c.ipsiilis
Capsule area
Number ol capsules
Capsule area
Number of capsnlcs
("apsnle area
Nniiibcr of capsules
Capsule area
Female \oliinie

I'^'iiiafc \olume

Female \olnme

Fern. lie \olume
!• eni.ile \ olnme
Nmiibei ol lapsiiles
I'emale \olume
Capsule .nea
Female \olume

(*) Pearson product-moment correlation

(**) Partial Pearson correlation nsin'.^ as contidlliii'.i laitor s' llie

b\ female \(iluinc.

N.iri.ibles wliieli showed a sii;mfii\iut correlation and controlliii

Page- 12fi

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 117, No. 4

Crepidula aplysioides
= 0871. p <00001.n=45

10 12

Female volume (mm^)

Fijjure 8. Helatioii.sliip hctwi'cn ffiiialc size (xoliiiiir i ami
nuiiilii-r (il liat(lilin'j;s per capsiiK' ol ('npidiila iij>hjsii<i(lcs.

and overgrow the iiiacroiiieres at the xegetal pole (Fig-
ure 10). The gastniia iiiea.siired around 350 (xni in di-
ameter (Figure 11) and (he trochophore (Figin'e 12)
measured around 370 |j.ni including the snuill velar
lobes. The early veligcr mea,sured aroinid 430 |xm (Fig-
ure 13), it had eves and a small \('luni. The \'eliger (II)
stage measured around 460 |xni (Figure 14), it was char-
acterized by a roinid bilobed \i-luni. small cephalic ten-
tacles and the organic matrix ot the shell. The foot de-
velops and the intracapsulai p<'diveliger stage (Figure
15) was characterized 1)\ a reduced xclum. short and
thick cephalic tentacles; the shell ol this pi'di\eliger
measured around 560 \x.\n and was starling to calcify.
Prior to hatching, the soft bocK showed brown pigmen-
tation and a calcihed shell measuring around 590 |xm in
length (Figure 16). At hatching, the sln'll mcasuretl
around SOO \x.u\. the hatchling was charaeteri/ed bv a
small round xclum and a large loot (I'"ignre I7l. .\n in-
teresting obsenation was the lact that the pedixcligers
hatched from the egg capsules but icmained inside the
brooding chambei' ol the mothci- lor a lex\ daxs, pro-
tected bv its mantle caxitx ,nid shell i l'"iij;ure IS). When
the pedixcligers crax\'led out ol lliis lnnodmL; clianibci.
their shell had a iiiinimimi si/r ol |l)(l(l pin .iiiil llic

xclum had resorbed completelv (Tables 5 and 6 . The
munber ol hatchliugs xvas significantlv loxx^er (by one in-
dixidual) than the number of eggs (t-test, p < 0.001).
This dilTerence is attributable to cannibalism, which we
obserxed among sibling embi-xos in a iex\- egg capsules,
usnallx larger embnos leeding on a smaller one.

Crcjiidiila tiplijsioidrs: Each lemale broods betxxeen 1 I
and 40 egg capsules (mean = 23.4 ± 4.5. n = 45, Figure
19). The egg capsules had a triangular shape, with one
corner extending to form a stalk bx xxhich all the egg
capsules xvere attached to the substrate at a common
point. The capsule walls were thin and transparent. Egg

capsules measured 0.5-2.1 i length (e'.xcluding the

stalk), 0.7-2.7 nun xxidth and the thread-like stalk mea-
sured 0.6-3.3 mm length (Tal)le 4). The number olcnms
per capsule xarii'd IVom 3 to 18. The nncleaved egg mea-
smcd about 300 (xm (Figure 20) anil all eggs undenvent
normal cleavage and dexeloped (Figures 21-24). Devel-
opment xvas ven similar to C. iiaviada: the gastrula
measured around 350 |xm diameter (Figure 25). The
ciliated trochophore (Figure 26) xxas xen actixe inside
the egg capsule, rotating and moxing constantlx'. These
embnos xvere xellow. meas\u'eil about 4S4 |xm. and had
the organic matrix ol the shell and eyes. No significant
differences were obsened betxxeen the number of eggs
and the number of embiTos at this stage (p = 0.1472)
and nurse eggs xx'er(> not obserxed. During dex(4opment.
a small round \clum dexelops (Figiu'es 27—301. Hatching
occurs as craxvling pedixcligers measuring about 600 (im
in shell length (Figure 31). These pedixcligers had the
abilitx to swim xen closelx' to the substrate and xvhen in
contact xxith anv surface, thex ciawled. The number ol
hatchlings xxas significantlv lowci' ib\ one indixidual)
(ban ihe number of eggs (t-test. p = 0.01.597). This dif-
ference xxould be due to cannibalism, a phenomenon x\e
obsei"xed among sibling iMiibnos in one egg capsule, in
xxhicli one embi-xo snddenix lost all its yolk content to
the egg caj)snle and the rest of tlii' embn'os started leed-
ing on it inmediatclx. The emptietl embno sunixed lor
a lew daxs anil then died (Figures 32. 33). We measured
ihe cmbrxonic shell of 12 adult indixiduals and found
llial il measuii'd 590 ± 39 |jLm in length xxhich did not
ililliT si'j;mfic.uitl\ fVoni llie size of the shell at hatching

Table 4. Kglj capsule diniciisions oi Cn-)>ithila luirictihi and (.'n-pUltdd aithisioidis^ \alncs represent mean ± .SIJ. numbers in
pareiitliesis indicate ranye

Species

Crcpitliil/i (ipli/.sioUlcs

C.rc]>Uliil(i iinviciiln

Egg capsule shape

Wi.ll

. \

mm

1.44 ± 0.36

(0.6.5-

-2.73)

n =

187

1.2 ± 0.2

(O.S-

-1.6)

n =

153

Leniltli 11
nun

1.12 ± 0.26

(0..5()-2.15)

n = 1S7

O.y ± 0.1

(0.50-1.3)

II = 1.53

st.ilk c:

imn

1.44 i 0..54

(0.60-3.32)

n = 176

.0-1.2

p. Miloslavifh ft al., 2003

Paee 127

Figures 9-14. Kiiilinonic (IcM'lopiiifiit ol Civpiiliild iKiiunhi 9. Kgg sta<j;c. (inc (it tlic i-iiibno*. is al the 4 cell st.i^c. 10.
Gastnila. 11. Tioiliophore. 12. Early vcligcr (I). 13. \cli<;ci- (11). 14. Wliger UH).

Page 128

THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 117. No. 4

Figures 15-18. Eiiilmoiiic ili-vclopiiicnl nl ('iijiiihild itin inilii lo. I'l-iliM-lnicr, 1(). riclMliliiii^ IT. I l.iti liliirj, IS. ('rawliiiii
juvi'iiilcs iiatc-liiiis; from tiu' bnxHliiif; C'IuuiiIht ,\l)i)ic\l.iti()ns: \V aimiial |)cilc. BS: blastopore'. CTI',: (.i-plialic tentacles. V.\ eve.
FO: fool. .\I.\: inacroineie. .\II: niiiroiiiere. M.SII; iiiatri.x ol sliell. I'B: polar IukK. I'M: plasma iiieinbrane. Sll: sliell. \'l-'.: \eluiii.
\V.. vegetal pole. IK: \c)lk. Scale bar = 1(») |iiii

(p = ().9(iS). tjins tlic ahsciuc iil a [ilaiiktntiopbie stai^c
is (.•oiifinncd i Tallies 5, fi).

DISCUSSION"

Sizi: \i Si.M M. MAiimiv

In these |ir()taii(lric sjieeies, ihe oxcrlap between male
and female si/.e is eommoii ((.'oliin. 1995). in iialiire, (be
transition Iroiii male to ieiiiale ma\ depend on ibe a\ail-
ahilih ol a mate and ol the relationship hetwcen l)()d\
size and the reprodnetl\c demands of each se\ In ibis

stniK, we (ihsened llie <j;enital papilhi in sjieeiinens ol
(,', (iphisio'uhs lartier than 7.5 nnn in shell len<4th. From
the total nnmher ol lemal(>s, onl\ fi2.5'"{ ol tbeni were
brooding e<4<^ eapsnli's. this is comparable lo icsnlts ob-
lained l)\ (jillm i2()()()l)) in two ('rcpidnla species Irom
the eo.ist ol S.m jnan Island. W'asbiniiton Slate i Pacific
coast of Nortli \inenea'. The lirst is Crrjiidiiln ikIiiiicii
Sowerln. IS^"). wbieli broods tbroniihont the \ear. with
a maximnm pinpoition ol (ifi'i broodiiiLi; lemales be-
tween jannin'x and I*'el)i'nar\. and ibe second is Ciijii-
iliilil liii'j^iildlfl. wbieli reprodnees m ibe snmnier with a

p. Miloslaxicli ct al.. 2(){)3

Fatre 129

Table 5. CrcpUlnld umiriihi and Crcpkluhi apli/siDidcs. (.'Iiaiacti-ristics ol cinlmiis (liiriii<4 intracapsular dfM'lopiiiciit, Xalnt'S rep-
resent mean ± SH iiuiiilicrs in parentliesis indicali- ran'j;e

Stane

C'liaractcristies

(.' ii/nitiilti M/c
oi eiiil)r\()S ((xni)

(.', (iphisHiuk's size
ol emlinos (jxiii)

Egg

Clastnila

UiKlcaM'd \cll(}\\ ri'i'

Yellow embrv'os. rouml witli flat-
tened edge at the site of tiic \elar
lolies (not developed). Mowinent
Trocliophore (prexeliger Development of small, ciliated \elar
embryo) lobes, rotates .ironnd itself

V'eliger (I)

\'eliger (II)

\eli<j;er (III)

Pedi\"eli2;er

Prehatching

Hatching

E\'es, growth of veil

Organic matrix of shell, \eliiiii. xei'v
small cephiilic tentacles, the foot
begins to differentiate

De\elopiiient oi loot begins, iioii
calcified shell, larger \eluin

Calcification of shell, small foot and
slioit cephalic tentacles, reduction
of vehini

Bilobed and round \eluin, well tle-
veloped foot, calcified yellow shell,
purple-browni pigmentation of foot
and mantle

Similar to prehatching but larger and 814 ± 140
stronger shell. Operculum was not (.5.50-1 172)

329 ± 2S

317 ± .59

(29.3-360)

(200-468)

n = 67

n = 277

349 ± 29

.3.50 ± 19

(320-100)

(.320-.368)

11 = 102

11 = 7

369 ± 32

352 ± .33

(.320-140)

(300-4()())

n = 5(1

11 = 72

434 ± 15

No measures

(400^40)

n = 13

(\elum 174

)xm

across)

460 ± 41

447 ± 19

(400-560)

(42()-}S0)

n = 36

n = 7

(\eluin 368

fjiiii

across)

446 ± 36

424 ± 22

(400-520)

(400-480)

n = 44

11 = 21

(velum 446

(JLlll

across)

(velum 523 p.ni across and

(foot 268 |j.

II ill

length)

each lobe measures 224 \i.\\\)
(foot 245 (Aiii in length)

.561 ± 98

No measures

(440-720)

11 = 28

590 ± 76

450 ± 38

(480-760)

(330-540)

n = 55

n = 51

observed in am' stage.

11 = 24

Shell with white spots (velum
measures 800 |jiiii across and
.360 (xm in lobe diameter)

(velum 484 (xin across, each
lobe measures 233 |jiiii in
diameter, each cilia mea-
sures 120 fjLiii ill length i
(foot 288 |j.ni ill length)

619 ± 95

(40(V.S.5O)

n = 186

Shell with brown spots

Table 6. Suimnaiy of the reproductive characteristics i>\' Crcjiidiilii nai iciilii .iiid Cnpiihdd (iphisioulcs. \alues represent mean
SD, numbers in parenthesis indicate range.

Species

Number ol

capsules per

female

Capsule leiiiith

( mm I

Eggs per
capsule

Hatchlings
per capsule

Cnpklula iiai iciilii

Crcpuliilii iiphisinitlcf

8,5 : 2.2

(.5-15)

11 = 40

23.4 ± 4.5

ll-4()i

n = 45

0.92 ± 0.15
(()..52-0.13)
n = 1.53
f.f ± 0.3
(0..5-2,l)
n = 187

3,9 ± 1.0

(.3-6)

II = 18

7.6 ± 2.5

(.3-18)

n = 58

2.8 ± 0.8

(1-1)

II = 22

6.5 ± 2.1

(.3-13)

n = 48

Page 130

THK NAUTILUS. \'o\. 117. No. 4

Figure 19. \ciilr.il \lc\\ nl Icuialc dI ('icjiidiild (ipli/sioidcs
witli hrood.

inaximimi proportion of (il-fi2''J l>roo(iini4 [cnialfs he-
h\<'cii |nTii' and An'^nst.

Femali; Shell Lencth and Si'ww Helationshiv.s

A correlation bctwren icnialc size and ctii!; capsnlcs per
lirood is a common teatnrc oi caKptiacid spt'cics (e.ij;.
Iloagland, 19S6; Cliaparro ct al.. 1999; Collin, 2()()()1));
liowever, onr result.s confirmed this livpothesis to be true
onlv for C. aphisioides. (Cliaparro I't al. (1999) reported
that in C^ dilaliila Lamarck. 1S22. egg capsule size
(height and widtli). the weight ol' the capsule wall, and
the innnher ol eggs per cajisnle increased witli shell
length in lemales; liowexer. the nnmher ol enihiAos pel'
capsule, egg diameter, and Tunnher ol capsules per
hrood were independent ol leniale shell length. In this
work we lound that female size is an important param-
eter related to I'ecnnditx in (.', (ij)li/sii)idcs, since it is
associated widi nnmher ol eggs, mnnher ol emiinos.
and nuinher of hatchlings. in (,'. iiarindii. the same pa-
rameter alfects capsule size. W'iiat seems to he consis-
tentK' important lor liolh specii's is the lael ihal the
nuinher ol eggs, emhnos. and hatchlings contained in
each capsule is dependent on capsule size, proliahK due
to space limitations, so il capsule size is limited l)\ le-
inale size as is the case ol ('. iiaiicida. the final ri'snlt is
that smaller females are less fecund than larger ones in
ju\enile production. In the case oi (.'. aph/sioidrs. a tlil-
leri'iice in sizi' ol •') nnn in shell length (around 500 nun'
in \()luine) is verv significant in terms ol ju\('uile pro-
duction, .'\ small female produces lew capsules with lew
hatchlings (around 75 hatchlings per lemale) while a
large leniale produces main ca|isules with main hatch-
lings (more than 100 hatchlings). The term "■leniale size "
as used in this sliuK iiiNoKcs not onlv shell length hut
also shell heiifhl .iiid width: this is narticnlarlv necessan

lor Crcpidula species since the\ grow on liinited-size
substrates such as the shell of other small gastropods. In
the case of C navicula, we observed snuill individuals
attached to the gastropods Tricolia fcsscllata Potiez and
Michand. 1S58. which is a ver\- small species, and to
Cciilhimii clmrnnim Bniguiere, 1792, which has a \erv
irregular surface. Tlie.se two gastropods inhabit the sand
under and around turtle grass, while the main host ,\/
iiindidiis is e|iilauiial on the blades ol that si'agrass. It is
possible that some hatchlings lall Irom the host shell to
the bottom where the\ would actively seek a host shell,
I'litnam (1904) reported the relationsliip between (.',
iidmica Sowerbv, 1S25, and its host, the gastropod Tc-
'^idd ftinrhralis A. .'Vdams, 1854, In this species, hatching
occurs as crawling juveniles and less than \(W( ol the
brood remain on the parental host, becoming cjuiescent
sooner than those that fall oil. wliieh in turn are (|nite
active.

Development

('rcpidulii species are usuallv \erv productive with re-
spect to the nninber of capsules brooded bv each fe-
male. The lowest value reported by Hoagland (1986) was
for (.. iitluiica and f'. aadcata diat brood between 8-12
and 8-14 egg capsules respectivelv, while the highest
viilue was for C fccuuihi and C, fomicatn diat brooti up
to 75 egg capsules, a difference that is most likeK due
to species size. In terms ol number ol (>gg capsules
brooded per female, we obsent'd a significant trend
w itiiiii the genus Crrpkhda. lor smaller species brootling
less capsules tlian larger ones (Pearson correlation: r =
0,510, p = 0,01, n = 22. Figure 34). Crcpidula iKniaila
broods 5-15 egg capsules, which is lower than the pre-
vious report for ('. udiiada (10-20 egg capsules per
brood). This v;iliie, however, is similar to the lecunditv
of C. cf Cunrcxa from Panama, which broods 7-16 cap-
sules per lemale (Hoagland. 1986). In the present study,
tlie two sp(>cies ari' ven- similar both inoq^hologicallv
and regarding d(>velopiiient. The females ol ('. uphisioi-
dcs are larger and produce more egg i'a]isules with more
I'ggs than females ol ( '. lunicidiL v\liicli, on the other
hand, [iroilnce larger (>ggs and larger hali-hliiigs. This
i-oineitles with the obsenations bv Hoagland (1986) on
calvptraeids: smaller species tend to have larger. Icvvxm'.
volkier eggs and li'wcr egg capsules than larger species.
Devclopnunl iii both species was svnchronous: all
embiAos within one brood were at the same stage ol
development and hatched at the same time. This is com-
mon amoiii; other ealv|)tr:ii'ids. in several C.npidulii sjie-
cies I Hoagland. 19861. and in ('nicil)uliiiii aiiricida
(unelin. 1791 (Miloslavich .iiid Pencliaszadeh. 2001),
liowever, Putnain ( 19(i4) reported that not all egg cap-
sules under a given female ol (', admicd ,iie necessarilv
at the s:iiiie stage of de\ elo|)iiient or hatch al the same
time. .Adclphopliagv or nurse egg ingestion has been re-
|)orled in at least 7 Crcj)ididii sjiecies and cannibalism
ol damaged or abnormal embrvos is widespread in ihe
genus i llo,iL:;land, 19861. In onr two Crcpididd species.

p. Miloslaxirli ct al , 2()0:3

Wme 131

Figures 2(1-25. I'".iiilinonif dcM-lopincnt nl ('rcpiiliiln (iiilii\iin(l(\ 20. Ivj
23. F(mi- cell sta'^r, 24. \liiKirnial ilra\at;c. 25. (laslmla.

stai^c. 21. Fust cleavage. 22. First cleavage eoiupleted

Patje 132

THE NAUTILUS. Nol. 117. No. 4

Fij»uri's 2(>-.'}l. l^iiihnoMic (lc\cli)[)iiu'iit ol i.rcj)ithda (iph/sioulis 2(i. I riiili<i|)li(ii('. arrow iiuluali-s blaNlopoic. 27. I'..mI\ \('lii;cr
i||. 2S. \clijicr III. 29. \rIi<iiT (IllJ. loot i.s .starting to develop. 30. I'cdixi'liger, 31. Ilateliing. Scale bar = 10(1 |jliii.

p. MilosluNic-li ct ill. 2()().3

Fatic

Fijjurcs 32-.'iU. 32. F.w capsulr (il Cicjinliilii iijilii^inklis
sliowiii!^ (Iniplfts c)l \()lk Ircini an ('iii|)liiil ciiilind. 33. Tlic
suiiic ctjii fapsiilc sliowiii'j, III a iinic llic riiipl\ cinliiM) that
siiniM'il oiiK a lew ila\-> wliilr llir ic-sl iil llic ciiiliAdS led nil
tlio Milk.

iiiiisc (''j;i;s were not ohscncd and eaiiiiihalisiii ol one (ir
two finliniis was (ihscrxcd in lew c^l; capsules. Tlic cJI'j;
and liattlilinij; piddiKticni i>l Imlli sprcics is xciA \aiialilc
I'l'alilr (il. For (.'. iKliicnIa. the lowest v\i}i production
was 15 i''4Hs per iemale and the lii'Jiest 90 ia\crati;e 3.i
egg-S per ti'Miale), wliile Hie lowest piddmlion ol liatele
lings was 10 per Iemale and liie lii'^lier was (id laxerage
25 liatchlings pet Iemale. l-'oi (' (ii>lii\ioiili\. tlie pro-
tlnction per Iemale is in average 5-(') times gieater in
comparison to (' iiiniciild: in tliis species, the lowest i-gg
production was 33 eggs jier Iemale and the highest iH)
(average Ki(i eggs per Iemale'. while the lowest produc-
tion ot liatchlings was 3.3 jier Iemale .md dii' higher was
520 (average 152 liatchlings per lemalei.

The size of the nncleaved e<'<' ol (.'. niiiiciild and ('

Q. 5

Jessonii

onyx

-fecunda

incufva ^ •ph.lipptana
slnolata

lornicala

,<""^ ,plana

plana vria cenlhicda
aplysiodes 9 — planal

"equinus

dilalata

<.-Wlvt!)(a#

•nav-cola vzia •acoleala.vzia

Female shell length (mm)
(average per species)

Fissure .34. Helatinnsliip liilwrcii lini.ilr si/r i shell lriiij;lle
and iiiiiiilii'i nl capsules IikkkIccI per liiiiali' lepniliil iii llie
species 1)1 llir ^eniis C'/(/j/(/((/r/ Sources: ( lallardi). 1977: lloag-
l.iiiil U)Mi: Ciilliii. 2()()()li; Clciiiiu and rciicha.s/.adch. 2(101:
\|]|(isla\ icli el al. 'Ill press): C'rijiiihiln jilmui i iiiipulilisiicd
dal:i! ami prcsriit stiid\.

fijilil^iiiiilc--. is within the si/.e range ol otiiei' Crcjiiiliilii
species, 150—420 |JLni (Iloagland, l9S(i). in these two
species, egg size is particnlarK importanl hecanse \olk
would lie almost the onK tood sonrce availahle lor the
eniluAo during intracapsular development, given the ali-
sence ol nurse eggs and limited eannihalism. Develop-
ment ol ('. iiiniciil/i and ('. apliisinulr.s is svnchronous
within ,md among egg capsules ol a singli' Iemale; how-
evei'. tliev reach variable sizes ('ial)Ie 5) prohahly de-
peinling on the volk reserves of tlu' egg (which also has
v.iriahle sizes) (Table 5). Iloagland tl9Sfi) reported that
lor most caKptraeids, larvae develop sv nchronouslv. ex-
cept lor tliose with nurse eggs.

\lionl hall ol the Crciiiiliilti spei'ies reported bv
Iloagland (19S(i) hati'h as IVee-swimming veligers and
the other hall hatch as crawling juveniles. Ol these, most
of the tropical ( 'aribbean and (ailt of Mexico species
have direct developmi'nt and lack a Iree swimming
stage: C. (iddcdln. ('. idiircxiL (', iiuiciilosd. and C, phnui
Ironi Moritla (Iloagland. l9Sfi) and (.'. porcclliiiKi La-
marck from tro|iical west .Mrica (Knndsen. 1950). C. nii-
I iciild Irom the Bahamas also halehes ,is a crawling ju-
venile (Iloagland. UlSH'. In this p.iper. the two species
hatch as ciawling pediveligers with a ven limited .swini-
miiig capabilitv antl remain verv close to the substrate.

I'liis leprmluclive pattern lor tropical calv]itraeids woulil
he another exception lo "'Thorsons iiile (Thorson, 194fi.

1950) that proposes that species with planktonic larvae
are predominant in tropical iiiaiine eiiv iionmeiits (see
revii'W bv (iailardo ;iiid I'eiicli;is/,adeli, 2001 ).

ACKXOWIJ'.DCMKNTS

\Iaiiv people helped ni the field ,iiid in die laboraton
wiuk ie(|nired to complete this researcii. we thank them
all: Ana Karinna C^arboniui. Flizabeth Iliic-k. Oliver (.'on-

Page 134

THK NAUTILUS. Vol. 117. No. 4

trera.s, Iliuiui ('liollctt. Etluardo Lo.sada. Martina Kiirten.
WV also thank Dr. .Slieila .Maiqiu's Pauls for tlie diagram
of the eapsule shape and ven spetialK to Jose Luis
Clarc'i'a Hondon, .Vrlis Pnhlishers and .Vna Karinna ("ar-
bonini for their in\alnai)le help with the photographs.
W'c are also indebted to Dr. iiaehel (-'olliii. Siiiilhsonian
Tropical Keseareh Institution (.S'l^iL Panama) and Dr.
Juaii Maimel Di'az. histituto de In\estigaeiones Marinas
v Costeras Jose Ik-nito \'i\es de .\ndreis (IN\ I'",\L\li.
Colombia) lor their help in the identification of the spe-
cies. This work was partialK' supported b\ a Deeanato
de In\'estigaci6n \' Desarrolln. Unixcrsidad .Sinuni Boli-
\ar grant to the (Iroup in Marine Sciences and b\' a
Fonacit grant (SI -200] -OOOTIvU (n i'atricia Miloslavich.

litp:r.\ture cited

.•Miliott. li, l ISJT 1. .\nitricaii SeaslulLs. 2iid vd.. \aii .Nostraiid

l{('iiili()l(l. New York, 663 pp.
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incnt and ecologsof some Carihiiean lower iiiesoga.stropo-

(ia. TheX^eliger'lS: 249-271.
Uluiparro, (). R., H. F. Ovarziin, A. M. \'(r>j;ara aiid K |

'Thompson. 1999. K.nerg\' in\cstiiieTit in nnrse egijs and

egg capsules in Crcpidula tliltitiitii Lamarck (Castropoda.

( ^akptraeidac I and its influence on the hatching si/.c ol

the juvenile. Journal of F,xpcrimental Marine BiologN and

Kcolog>- 232: 261-274.
{ ilcdon, .\!. and R E. IVnchaszadcl]. 2001, iicproduction and

brooding of C'rcpiiliila arficnliiid. Sinionc I'astoriuo and

Pencliaszadeli, 2()()() (Castnipoda, ( iaKplraeulac ', Tlic

Nautilus 115: 15-21.
( !ollin. H. 1995. Sex, size and position: a test ol models ])re-

diclini; the size at sex change In tlic piotandrous gastropod

Crcpidnhi ftiniiialu .\merican NaturalisI 146: 815-S31.
CJolliu. R. 2()()0a. I'Inlogcnv of the C/V7«f/((/« p/r/i/i'; U lastropo-

da: (^alvptraeidae) ci"vptic species complex iii Xoilli .Vmcr-

ica. Uanadian Journal of Zoologw 78: 1500- 1511
(>)lliu, R. 20001). Sex change, reproduction and dexclojmicnt

ol (.'npidida tidiincti and ('.. liufliilalii ((^aslropoda. ( 'aKp-

tracidae). The W-liger 43: 24-33.
De Jonii. ^ M- and II. Iv (xjomaus. 19SS. Marine gastropods

Irom (.'uravao. Aruha and Rouaire. F,. |. Brill. Leiden. 261

pp.
iii'az, J. M. and M. Ruyaua. 1994. Moluscos del ( :arihe Col-

onihiauo. Colciencias-Fundacion Nalura-INN'I'.MAIL Sau-

la Marta. 291 pp.

(

(lallardo, C;. S. 1977. Two modes ol cle\clopment in the nior-
pliospecies Crcpidula dilatata (Gastropoda, C^alvptraei-
dac) from Southern Chile. Marine Biolog)' 39: 241-251.
illardo, C. S. 1996. Reproduction in Crrpidida philippiana
(Ga,stropoda, CaKptraeidae) from Southern Chile. Studies
of Neotropical Fauna and Eiuironmeut 31: 1-6.

Callank), U. S. and R F. rcuclutszack'h. 2001. Hatching mode
and latitude in marine sjastropods: rexisitiug Thorson's
paradigm in the southern hemisphere. Marine Biology
I.5S: .547-552.

lloagland, K. E. 1986. Patterns of encapsulation and brooding
in (;alyptraeidae (Rrosobranchia, Mesogastropoda). Amer-
ican Malacological Bulletin 4: 173-184.

Knudsen. |. 1950, Egg capsules and de\<-lopmcut ol some ma-
rine prosobranchs Irom tro[)ical west Africa. .Xtlautide Re-
port 1: 85-130.

Miloslavicli. W and T. F. Penchaszadeh. 1997. Spawn and de-
\elopmenl of I'usiiius clostrr Philippi, 1850 (Gastropoda,
Prosobrancliia) Irom the \'enezuelan ('aribbean. The \'e-
liger 40: 93-100.

Milosla\ich, P. and P. Penchaszadeh. 2001. Xdclphophai^ and
camiihalisin during earls dexelopment ol Cnicihidiiin tiii-
riciild (Gmeliu, 1791) (Gastropoda: CaKptraeidae) from
the \i iiezuelan Caribbean. The Nautilus 115: 39^4.

Miloslaxich. P., P. Peiicliaszadeh, and \. K. Carbonini. (In
press). Embnonir dexclopmeut of Crcpidida aculcata
({Imelin. 1791) (( 'aeuosiastropoda: GaKptraeidae) from
die Wneznelan Caribbean. The N'eliger 46: 280-285.

rrnchas/adeh, P, F. 1988. Rcproductixc patterns of some
8oHtli ,\uierican prosobrancliia as a contribution to ckis-
silication. .Malacological Review, Supplement 4: 284-287.

Penchaszadeli, P. F. and .A. N'elez. 1995. Presencia del mejillon
\erde Perna \iridis (Liimeaeus. 1758), origiuario de la re-
gion indo-paci'fica, en el norte de Sudamerica. Boletin So-
ciedad Malacok'igica de Unigua\' 7: 68-69.

Putnam. D. 1964. The dispersal of voung of the conunensal
gastropod Crcpididii ndnnca from its host. Tc<^ulii fiiiw-
hnilis Tlic Wliger 6: 63-66.

Stone .\mi'nl, A. 1979. Geot;rapliic \ariation in relation to life
liislon ill three species ol tin' marine s;astropod ol the
genus ('rcpidiild: growth rates of uewlv hatched lai"\ac and
jux'eniles. In: Stancxck. S. E. (ed.) Reprodncti\c ecolog\-
ol marine iiivertehrates. The Belle Barucli l.ibraiA In M:i-
riiie Science, \iilimie 9. pj). 61-76,

Wariiike. G. L and H 1' Abbott. 1961, Caribbean Sea.shells.
,\ liuidc lo ihc III, nine mollnsks ol Puerto Rico and other
W'csl IikIi.iii Ishiiids Bermuda and tlic lower Florida
Kc\'- PiiMa Pulilicaliiiiis, New ^'ork. .548 pp.

Sponsored in part by the State of Florida, Department
of State. Division of Cultural Affairs, ttie Florida Arts
Council and Ifie National Endowment for Ihie Arts

■jp«B!«a.wi

NATIONAL
ENDOWIVIENT
FOR THE ARTS

THE NAUTILUS

Volume 117
2003

AUTiioii i\ni;\

Bo(;a\. a 29

BiHN, R 23

ClllCllKSTKR, L 62

Coax. E. V 47

m CiMiA, C \1 69

Fkknandkz. M . A TS

FuAssrNirn'i, D 91

I k)U AHT, R 87

Ituahtk, C 6

Ki.i-iN. E 121

Lkonahd. W; I' 62

Mahioitim, p. S3

M\HMi\i.i.. B. A 31

Mii.osi.wicH, R 121

NlKl.SliN, S. N.

91

( )\ \skA, K 62

1' \s torino.c; 15

Pknchaszadkii.R E 121

Rktit, re 99

l'.iHTi:i.i.. li W. 12

R()si;NHi;ii(:, (; 99

ScilMi:!./., (;. W. 12

SiMciNF, I.. R. L 69, 78

Smuk.i.id, (,' S3

'riiiK\(;<>. S 78

\i)\ CosKi., R 31

\\i:i.LS. E E 1

WlLLAN, R. C 23

Zklaya, D. G 6

NEWT.WA FHOFOSKD IN XOLUME 117 i2(K)3)

(;\sTii()i'()n\

Ainalild josi-carlcsi Pastorino, 2003, new species ( Olividae) 16

lliinnchiiiis st/\()cri .Sinriiilio and .Mariiiftini, 2003, new species (Drilliidac) 85

MacrDii iiTiiii'iji Nielsen and Eiassiiietti, 2003. new species (Psendolividae) 91

Mdiilti iMctiildi inUnvnica Schniel/. and Portell, 2003, new species (C'olubrariidae) 12

\n>l('])lim iif'otvUnmm Zelaya and Itiiaite. 2003, new species (Neoleptonidac) 8

Scolcpton Iwhnhi-r'j^i '/.ela\a and Ituaite. 2003, new species (Neoleptonidae) 10

PsciifhiciHciiliiui riinulii Siriiiine and Mai^i-iihi. 2003, new species (P.seiidococcniinidae) 70

Sciil>r()tn)])hi>u iiispiriilmii llonart, 200.>, new specii'S (Muricidae) 87

'l'riiiin]>li!s iiuiitcnliiliuciisi.s .\ielsen and Frassinctti, 2003. new species (Pseudoli\idae) 95

lil\ \l,\ I \

Hiilliiiiiiiiilioliis hnii^iii'iiii \ni\ Cosel ,ind M.iisliall, 200.3. new s|)ecies iNhtilidae) 31

('iinlilclld '^aliii>ii<s,(in(i (!oan, 2003, new species (t-oiuMoeardiidae) 57

('iinlilflld iiuiricl/i (.'oan, 2003, new species ((.'oniKliKardiidael 57

('(iiiih/lociirdiii clouiiald Goan. 2003, new species ((.'oniKldcardiidae' 54

('oiiili/locartliii jcnunidiiia Coan, 2003, new species (Gonchlocanliidae) 53

C.oiuhilorardUi '^ciff'ri Coan, 2003, new species (ConiKloeardiidae) 56

('oiiihiloctinliii ktii.scrac Coan. 2003, new sjiecies ((loniKlocardiidae) 54

('onilt/ltxanlia koolsac (>oan. 2003, new specii's (Condvlocaidiidae) 53

Condijliifdnlid spcirsa V.oaw. 2003, new species (( 'oncKiocardiidae) 50

CbHinlidds ijddius von ( lose! and Marsliall, 2003, new species ( Nhlilidae) 38

i;iA ii:\\i"i!s |-()i; xoiami-: i

Hans Hcrtseli
Kaclicl Collin
Kevin ( .'innMiiiiiis
C;iista\() DaiTJi^raii
Scribe (Jolas
Liiulscv (iro\t',s
.VI. (;. HaniscvvYcli
(IcrlianI nas/,|ininar
Alan H Kahat

Villi I. k, nihil"
liieliard \. killiiini
ki '\ ill I .aiii|)i'cll
ilaiiA C. l.rc
W illiaiii ( '■. 1 Adiis
Hnice A Marsliall
Didier .\Icrlc
I'clcf MiddcHarl
Paula \i MikkiKeii

Cirahain Olixcr
TiiiiotliN Fcaree
Hiflianl iv Petit
I5ain Kolh

i^uiz Hicardd I,. .Siiiione
Heiii.nd Tiirseli
.Anilel \ald('s

A ^ 6 C

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