THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. XVIII. MAY, 1904, to APRIL, 1905. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS : H. A. PII.SBKY, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences PHILADELPHIA. C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History, BOSTON. INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XVIII. INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Abida. .'...., . 104,106 Achatina .' 144 Admete woodworthi Dall, n. sp. . . . . . . 123 Agriolimax agrestis in Colorado . . . . .90 Alabama shells collected in October and November, 1903 37,54 Aleea 103,115,119 Alycaeus oshimanus Pilsbry & Hirase, n. sp. ... 7 Ancyli, notes on Eastern American ... 16, 25, 75 Anculosa ampla, picta, plicata, etc, . . . . .42 Ancylus borealis Morse (PI. VI, figs. 14-1G) . . .80 Ancylus elatior Ahth. (PI. V, figs. 10-12) . . . .78 Ancylus filosus Conrad (PI. IV, figs. 1-8) . . .75 Ancylus haldemani Bgt. (PI. VI, figs. 9-13) . . 78 Ancylus ovalis Morse ........ 78 Ancylus parallelus Hald. (PI. V, figs. 1-9) . . . .77 Ancylus pumilus Sterki (PI. YI, figs. 20-22) . . 82 Ancylus rivularis Say (PI. I, figs. 1-10, 13-15) . . 17, 25 Ancylus shimeki Pilsbry (PI. VI, figs. 17-19) . . .81 Ancylus tardus Say (PI. I, figs. 11, 12, 16-23, PI. II, 1-22) . 27 Aporema Dall . . . . . . . . .143 Area ponderosa at Chatham, Mass. . . . . . 48 (iii) IV THE NAUTILUS. Arion circumscriptus on Goat Is., Niagara Falls, N. Y. . 91 Ashmun, Rev. E. H. (Portrait) . 120, 121 Ashmunella, a new ........ 72 Ashmunella walkeri Ferriss, n. sp. ..... 53 Bermudian mollusks, some notes on . ... . . 129 Bifidaria . 107 Buccinum from the Kuril Islands, new species of . . 87 Buccinum chishimanum Pils., n. sp. . . . . .88 Buccinum inclitum Pils. n. sp. . . . . . .87 Cambridge Natural History : errata corrected . . .58 Cape Cod mollusks, some notes on ... . . 129 Carychiurn nipponense Pils. & Hir., n. sp. .... 7 Cave-snails ......... 67 Cecilioides acicula Miill ....... 130 Cerion incanum Binn. . . . . . . .137 Clams affected by sewerage ...... 60 Clausilia pilsbryana Ancey, n. n. for C. oscariana Pils., preoc. 21 Delaware, a glimpse at the shell fauna of . . . .63 Diplothyra . . . . • . . . . . .102 Drymaeus nubilus Preston=D. recluzianus Pfr. var. martesi- anus Pils. . ... ... 22 Ena . . . . . . . 105, 106, 115, 117 Erato albescens Dall, n. sp. . . . . ' . .124 Eucore . ..... . 103, 105 Eulota (^Egista) eminens Pils. & Hir., n. sp. ... 4 Eulota (JEgista) friedeliana var. goniosoma P. & H., n. v. . 34 Eulota (^Egista) friedelinana var. vestita P. & H., n. v. . 33 Eulota (J^gista) kobensis var. pertenuis P. & H., n. v. . 34 Eulota (^Egista) kobensis var. koshikijimana P. & H., n. v. 34 Eulota (^Egista) mimula var. goniosoma P. & H., n. v. . 4 Eulota (J^gista) tokunoshimana P. & H., n. sp. . . .33 Eulota (Euhadra) irrediviva P. & H., n. sp. 32 Eulota (Plectotropis) pannosa var. awashimana P. & H., n. v. 3 Eulota (Plectotropis) pressa P. & H., n. sp. ... 33 E ulota (Plectotropis) shikokuensissubdivesta P.&H. . . 3 Ferrissia Walker . . . . . . . 16,75 Genota riversiana Raymond, n. sp. . . . . 14 Glochidia of Unio on fishes ...... 142 HaJiotis, a peculiar ........ 67 THE NAUTILUS. V Helix conella, A. Ad. probably syn. of Plectotropis deflexa Pfr. . . .3 Helix hortensis at Chatham, Muss. . . .48 Helix hortensis on Little Duck Island, Maim- . . .46 Helicina pterophora Sykes = = H. oxyrhyncha l'ios*u it Debeaux . . . . . . 22 Iron Bound Islands, Maine, land shells of . . . .45 Jaminia ... . . 103, 105, 114, 117 Japanese shells, description of new . . • 3, 32 Leda amblia Dall, n. sp. ....... 123 Liguus fasciatus on the Florida East coast . . .88 Limax (Amalia) hewstoni in California . . . .36 Lirnax rnaximus in California . . . . 12, 23, 34 Limnreas, new American . . . . . . 10, 62 Limnaia reflexa crystalensis Baker, n. var. . . . .11 Lirnntea reflexa hemphilliana Baker, n. var. • . .11 Limneea reflexa iowaensis Baker, n. var. . . 10 Lioplax pilsbryi Walker, n. sp. . . . . . .133 Lynansea decollata oronoensis Baker, n. var. . . .62 Lymnaea bryanti Baker, n. sp. . . 141 Lymnsea desidiosa Say, var. modicella Say .... 127 Lymnaea humilis Say ........ 125 Lymnsea owascoensis Baker, n. sp. ..... 141 L^muaea parva Lea ..... . 126 Lymnaea randolphi Baker, n. sp. . . 63 Lymnsea stagnalis higleyi Baker, n. var. .... 142 Lymna?as, critical notes on the smaller . . . . 125 Lucina (Miltha) children! Gray, and a new species fruin the Gulf of California 110 Macrochlamys cerasina shinanoensis P. & H., n. subsp. . 6 Macrochlamys chaunax P. & H., n. sp. . . .6 Magilia perattenuata Dall, n. sp. . ..... 123 Margaritana margaritifera in Pennsylvania . . .91 Marrat, Frederick Price 120,143 Martesia of the Eastern United States . . . 100,112 Martesia cuneiformis Say (Fig. 2) ..... 101 Martesia striata Linn (Fig. 1) . . . . . . 100 Martesia (Diplothyra) caribrea Orbigny (Fig. 3) . . 102 Martesia (Martesiella) fragilis Verrill & Bush . . .112 VI THE NAUTILUS. Medionidus siropsonianus AValker, n. sp. .... 136 Melania hahajimana P. & H., n. sp. . . . 8 Melania libertina var. gigas P. & H., n. v. . . . .9 Molluscan stampede (illustrated) . . . .31 Museum Boltenianum ........ 84 Myrtle Beach, a new locality in S. Carolina for recent and fossil mollusks ........ 60 Natica prietoi Hidalgo, at Algiers . . . . .21 New collector in the field [a chipmunk] . . . .23 Notes and news . . . 12,22,36,59,67,84,91.131 Nudibranchs, California!! ....... 131 Omphalina pilsbryi Clapp, n. sp. . . . . .30 Oreohelix clappi Ferriss, n. sp 53 Oreohelix strigosa metcalfei Cockerell, n. subsp. . .113 Ostrea arrosis Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. Ill) Eocene of Alabama. 61 Oyster, a distorted . ..... 24 Panacea Dall, n. gen 143 Panopea bitruncata Conrad (Plate IV) . . . .73 Parmulophora Dall, n.n. for Parmulina Dall, preoc. . . 113 Parreysia barnumi Pils.,n. n. for Unio browni Whitf. preoc. 12 Patinigera Pall, n.n. for Patinella Dall., 1870 (not Gray, 1848) .... .113 Pennsylvania!! snails and the State Zoologist . . . 131 Petriola Dall, n.n 143 Phacoides (Miltha) xantusi Dall, n. sp. . . . .111 Pholeoteras euthrix ........ 67 Physa gyrina ......... 31 Pisidium atlanticuni Sterki, n. sp. ..... 128 Pisidium limatulum Sterki, n. sp. .... 108 Plectopylis in the Riukiu Islands 58 Plectopylis (Sinicola) hirasei Pils., n. sp 58 Pleurotoma (Antiplanes) catalinse Raymond, n. sp. . . 2 Pleurotoma (Genota) stearnsiana Raymond, n. sp. . 1, 15 Pleurotoma from the pliocene of California, a new . .14 Polygyra appressa tryoniana Pils., n. subsp. . . 89 Polygyra wheatleyi clingmanica Pils., n. subsp. ... .90 Polygyra monodon and P. hirsuta, Albino . . . .92 Polygyra (Stenotrema) barbata Clapp, n. sp. . . . 85 Polygyra stenotrema seminucla Clapp, n. var. . 86 THE NAUTILUS. VI 1 Polygyra tridentata discoidea in Indiana . . . .92 Psilocochlis Dall, n. subg. . . . "... 9 Ptychocheilus ... . '"." . 107 Publications received . . 24, 68, 92, 108, 120, 132 Punctum apertum Pils. & Hir., n. sp. 5 Punctum elachistum Pils.& Hir., n. sp. . . ."' 5 Pupa, note on the nomenclature of the snails usually called. 103 Pupilla . 103, 105, 116, 118 Pupilliclse, notes on the nomenclature of . . 105, 114, 116 Santa Catalina Island, a dredging trip to . .18 Saraphia . 105, 106 Scalaria candidissima at Algiers ... .21 Schizostoraa castaneum, constrictum, etc. . .40 Scissurella (Schizotrochus) kelse}ri Dall, n. sp. . . . 124 Scyphomya . . .113 Sensitiveness of snails to weather conditions . ... . 109 Septidfe . . . . 69 Snails and slugs in the New International Encyclopedia . 22 Sonorella lohrii lioderma Pils., n. subsp . . . 59 Southwestern shells . . . ... 49 Sphyradium . . 103,107,115,117 Stenothyra formosana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . ... 8 Somatogyrus walkerianus Aldrich . . . . 140 Strombus pugilis L., sexual dimorphism in . . . . 138 Terebra histrio Desh. from Senegal, W. Africa . . . 21 Teredina fistula H. C. Lea . . .13 Teredo fistula H. C. Lea, generic position of . . 13 Tornatellina monodonta Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . 6 Tomigerus, new species of . . . .144 Trichodina Anc. . . ... 143 Tulotoma magnifica Conr., etc. . . . ... 43 Turbinella, a singular eocene ... . 9 Turbinella (Psilocochlis) mccallie Dall, n. sp. . 9 Unio browni Whitf. preoc. = Parreysia barnumi Pils. . 12 Unio chipolaensis Walker, n. sp. . 135 Unio crassidens from Wisconsin, fossil (PI. VII) , . 97 Unionidae at Eastham, Mass. . . 47 Unionidse from the Chipola river . . 134 Vallonia pulcbella (Mull.) . . 129 viii THE NAUTILUS. Vaucheria Pallary .... . .144 Vertigo . . . 103, 105, 11G, 119 Vitrea lucida (Drap.) .... Venus arakana Nevill not V. arakanensis . . . .23 Zonitoides arboreus Say . . . . . .130 Zonitoides cbisbimanus Pils. & Hir., u. sp. . . . .5 INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrich, T. H. . . . . . . . .61, 140 Ancey, C. F. . . 21 Baker, Frank C. .10, 62, 125, 141 Bartsch, Paul 12 Blaney, Dwight . . . . . . . . . . 45 Bryant, Owen ......... 129 Burns, Frank . . . . . . . . .60 Clapp, Geo. H . . . 30, 85 Cockerell, T. D. A 22,90,91,103,113,131 Colton, Harold Sellers .138 Conner, Chas. H. ... 91, 142 Dall, Wm. H. . . .9, 84, 110, 113, 114, 123, 143 Daniels, L. E. . 92 Ferriss, Jas. H. . ... . . . . .49 Henderson, Jr., John B. . . . . . .109 Hinkley, A. A .37,54 Hirase,Y. 3,32 Johnson, Charles W. . 13, 24, 47, 73, 93, 96, 100, 112, 121, 132 Lowe, Herbert N • . .18 Moore, Clarence B. . . . . . . . .88 Pilsbry, Henry A., 3, 12, 23, 32, 58, 59, 68, 87, 89, 94, 105, 116 Raymond, W. J. . ....... 1, 14 Rhoads, S. N 63 Simpson, Charles Torrey ....... 137 Smith. Edgar A. . ' 143 Stearns, R, E. C 34, 58 Sterki, V 108,128 Vanatta, E. G. 23 Van Hyning, T 23, 31, 92, 144 Wagner, George ......... 97 Walker, Bryant 16, 25, 75, 133, 136 Winkley, Henry W 24 THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVIII. MAY, 1904. No. 1. TWO NEW SPECIES OF PLEUROTOMA FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WILLIAM JAMES RAYMOND. Subgenus GENOTA H. and A. Adams. Section Dolichotoma Bellardi. Pleurotoma ( Genotti) stearnsiana, new species. Shell broadly fusiform, spire acute, outline of spire moderately convex; whorls eight and one-half, convex anteriorly, slightly con- cave near the suture, the margin at the suture strongly appressed; suture distinct; aperture longer than the spire; color orange to cream, a broad, spiral, brown band below the suture and nine or ten narrow, clearly-defined bands on the last whorl, one or two of these also visible on the spire, bands nearly as wide as the lighter interspaces; interior of aperture yellowish, lighter within and spotted with brown on the outer lip by the external bands; first two whorls smooth, later whorls with numerous revolving threads, closely beaded on the spire by in- cremental lines which follow the outline of the lip, threads not beaded below the periphery of the last whorl, but roughened by the growth-lines and somewhat coarser anteriorly ; aperture rather narrow; posterior sinus shallow, rounded; lip acute, produced below the sinus, canal wide; pillar solid, somewhat curved, obliquely truncate below. Operculum normal. Long, of shell 30.5, of aper- ture and canal 17, of body-whorl 23 mm.; max. diam. 13 mm. Divergence 50°. An extremely old specimen which shows a thick- ening of the pillar like an obscure fold, measures: long, of shell 41 .5, 2 THE NAUTILUS. of aperture and canal 22.5, of body-whorl 29.5 mm.; max. diam. 18 mm. Divergence 48°. This specimen was dead when collected. University of California Marine Biological Laboratory, stations 55 and 67, off San Diego, 25 to 30 fathoms, sand and mud, bottom temperature 50 J F. Also dead specimens from stations 21 and 28, Catalina Island, 30 to 40 fathoms, sand and mud, bottom temp. 51° F. P. (Gen old) stearnsiana is at once separable from the forty or more specimens of its nearest ally, P. carpenteriana, examined by the writer. The former species is very uniform, although found in dif- ferent localities. With the same number of whorls it is half as large as P. carpenteriana and is proportionately broader. The average ratio of length to diameter is 2.38 in five specimens of P. stearnsiana, in five specimens of P. carpenteriana it is 2.70. The spire is pro- portionately shorter in the former species and the brown bands are more conspicuous. P. carpenteriana has been found in the California Pliocene and Pleistocene and seems to be the first in time of a closely related group, embracing besides the two species already named, P. tryoniana Gabb, Pleistocene and Recent, and P. cooperi Arnold, found thus far in the Pleistocene of San Pedro only. It gives me great pleasure to dedicate the present species to Dr. Robert E. C. Stearns, known to all students of West American conchology. Section Ant/planes Dall. Pleurotoma (Ant/planes) catallnae, new species. Shell sinistral, thin, elongated, slender, whorls ten to eleven ; color light, pinkish -brown, without bands, interior of aperture a little lighter: upper whorls more or less chalky; nucleus smooth, in- flated: later whorls convex, suture deeply impressed; sculptured by fine incremental lines and on the last whorls a few obscure, spiral striations, mostly below the periphery; anal fascicle traceable on the spire as a flattened or obscurely grooved band ; aperture narrow ; canal wide and short ; pillar nearly straight, with a well-defined callus, obliquely truncate below; outer lip produced, deeply emargin- ate near the sutural margin of the whorl. Long, of shell 27, of aperture and canal 10.5; max. diam. 7.0 mm. Divergence 20°. Dredged in 125 fathoms, green rnud, off Catalina Island, living, U. C. M. B. L. Station 36 ; off Point Loma, San Diego, 50 fathoms, Station 72 (a single, dead specimen); off Point Loma, 106 fathoms, green mud and sand, bottom temperature 47.9° F., Station 73. THE NAUTILUS. 3 This attractive shell is much like a reversed P. (Antiplanes} santarosana Dall, in color and sculpture, but the whorls are more oblique besides being reversed, and the spire is even more slender than in Dall's species. P. (Ant! pi ones) catalinae was found associa- ted with P. (Antiplanes) perversa Gabb, which is also sinistral. The latter species is wider, has less rounded whorls and the color is a darker brown with a light, spiral band, as stated by Gabb in his original description. The two species are readily separated. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW JAPANESE LAND SHELLS. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIRASE. Eulota (Plectotropis) pannosa var. awashimana n. var. This race is similar to E. pannosa in color, texture, sculpture and the profuse peripheral fringe, but differs in being much smaller, pro- portionally higher, with decidedly narrower umbilicus, which is not enlarged at the opening, the base being almost angular around it. Whorls 5|-, the last very shortly and slightly deflexed in front. It is more robust and less depressed than E. deflexa. Alt. 8, diam. 13 mm. Awashima, Echigo. Types no. 86495, A. N. S. P., from no. 1164 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Two species of Plectotropis have been described by A. Adams from Awashima : H. setocincta and H. scabricula. The first meas- ures about 12x6 mm., the altitude half the diameter, being therefore more depressed than awashimana, in which the alt. is nearly two- thirds the diam. H. scabricula is about 9x6 mm., with 6^ whorls, the last " subangulate " peripherally. This species is therefore smaller than awashimana, with more whorls and blunter ambitus. Helix conella A. Ad., 1868. from " Tabu-Sima " (not H. conella Pfr., 1861), is probably a synonym of Plectotropis deflexa Pfr., from the same island. Eulota (Plectotropis'} shikokuensis subdivesta n. subsp. Shell more depressed than E. shikokuensis^ and smoother, the oblong granules bearing no cuticular scales, the periphery without a fringe. Whorls nearly 6, the last very shortly and abruptly de- 4 THE NAUTILUS. flexed in front. Umbilicus more broadly open. Alt. 7, diarn. 16 mm., umbilicus 5 mm. wide. Sodayama, Tosa. Types no. 84783, A. N. S. P., from no. 1022 of Mr. Hirase's collection. E. s. var. hodaka (NAUTILUS xvii, 105) is a much less depressed form, measuring, alt. 9.5, diam. 16, umbilicus 4 mm. wide, and alt. 8, diam. 14 mm. Eulota (Aegista} eminens n. sp. Sliell broadly and deeply umbilicate, lo\v-trocliiform, dull yellow- ish-brown, finely striate, the last stria? on the last whorl broken into low granules, which when quite unworn bear short cuticular laminae in places. Spire convex-conic. Whorls 6| to 7, slightly convex, closely coiled, and very slowly widening, the last whorl obtusely subangular at the periphery, and descending a little in front, very convex beneath. Aperture very oblique, rounded, about one-fourth of the circle excised at the parietal wall. Peristome thin, narrowly expanded, reflexed below. Alt. 7.3. diam. 10.8, width of umbilicus 3 mm. Toba, Shima. Type no. 86493 A. N. S. P., from no. 590a of Mr. Hirase's collection. This species belongs to the group of Aegista mfmtila, but differs from all the known species by its elevated spire, higher than in any other Japanese Aegista, and approaching the contour of the species referred to the section Ccelorus. Eulota (Aegista) mimula var. goniosoma n. var. This race resembles mimula, trachyderma and mikuriyensis in the rather small aperture with thin, expanded lip, subreflexed below, but not thickened within. The spire is low conoid-convex, the periphery strongly angular and the base convex, abruptly curving into the wide umbilicus. The lusterless surface is brownish-yellow, freckled with buff dots, finely, rather irregularly striate, and in some specimens re- taining short, triangular cuticular lamina? below the periphery. Whorls 5^ to 5|. Alt. 6.5, diam. 11.3 to 12 mm., width of umbili- cus 4 mm. Amagisan, Izu. Types no. 86462 A. N. S. P., from no. 1165 of Mr. Hirase's collection. On account of its strongly angular periphery, this might be con- THE NAUTILUS. 5 sidered a distinct species, and it may prove to be so ; but it belongs to a group of forms which may for the present be ranked as subspecies of E. mimula, and including the following: E. mimula Pils. E. mimula trachyderma Pils. & Glide. (E. aperta trachyderma, Proc. A. N. S., 1901, 614). E. mimula mikuriyensis Pils. (E. aperta mikuriyensis, Naut., xvi, 45). E. mimula goniosoma Pils. & Hir. Punctum elachisturn n. sp. Shell umbilicate, depressed, brown, the first whorl whitish. Whorls 2|, the last one sculptured with rather widely spaced lamellae and close spiral strise in the intervals, the spire nearly smooth. The whorls enlarge rapidly, and the last one is somewhat compressed be- low the periphery, which is rounded. The aperture is large, oblique and rounded, about one-fourth of the circle excised by the preceding whorls. Alt. 7, diam. 1.2 mm. Yanagawa, Chikugo. Types no. 86492 A. N. S. P., from no 1159 of Mr. Hirase's collection. There are fewer whorls than in P. leptum, which is also a little larger, and judging from the figures, more densely lamellose. Punctum apertiirn n. sp. Shell broadly umbilicate, depressed, thin, brownish-corneous, sculptured with delicate, thread-like riblets, in large part cuticular. Whorls 3, convex, parted by an impressed suture. Aperture ob- lique, rounded, slightly more than one-fourth of the circle excised by the preceding whorl ; peristome thin and simple. Alt. 7, diam. 2mm. Nemuro, Nemuro. Types no. 86490 A. N. S. P., from no. 1156 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This little snail from the northeastern province of Yesso, is dis- tinguished by its depressed form and wide, shallow umbilicus. Zonitoides chishimanus n. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, whitish-corneous, thin ; closely and deli- cately rib-striate, densely and finely striate spirally between the lamella?. Spire convex. Whorls nearly 3^, convex, slowly increas- ing, the last rounded peripherally and below. Aperture quite ob- 6 THE NAUTILUS. lique, wide-lunate, the peristome simple and thin. Alt. .7, diam. 1.1 mm. Kunashiri, Chisohima chain (Kuril Is.). Types no. 86491 A. N. S. P., from no. 1155 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This very small, whitish species is more closely sculptured than any Japanese Punctum, unless P. leptum Westerl. be an exception. That species from Nagasaki is larger and has a much narrower umbilicus. Macrochlamys chcmnax n. sp. Shell perforate, convex-conic above, more convex below the slightly 'obtusely angular periphery, the angle above the middle; thin, somewhat transparent, pale yellow. Surface brilliantly glossy, showing some slight growth-wrinkles and densely-crowded, very minute spiral stria?. Whorls 4, moderately convex, the last about double the width of the preceding, subangular, the angle becoming obsolete at the aperture. Aperture rather large, rounded-lunate. Peristome simple and thin, reflexed at the columellar insertion. Alt. 2.7, diam. 4.5 mm. Irnotoshima, an islet south of the Hahajima, Ogasawara. Types no. 83030 A. N. S. P., from no. 899 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Also found on Hahajima. Macrochlamys cerasina shinanoensis n. subs-p. Shell resembling M. cerasina and M. gudei, but much larger than the former, more globose and more glossy than the latter. There are 61=? convex, very slowly widening whorls, the last one angular at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on the latter part. Spire low conic, with nearly straight outlines. Base strongly convex, impressed around the narrow axial perforation, which is nearly concealed by the triangular dilation of the columellar lip. Alt. 10.4, diam. 7.4 mm. Enasan, Shinano. Types no. 86483 A. N. S. P., from no. 1173 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Tornatellina monodonta n. sp. Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, thin, pale yellowish corneous, im- perfectly transparent, almost smooth. Spire straightly conic, the apex obtuse. Whorls 4|, moderately convex, the last somewhat swollen. Aperture oblique, ovate, somewhat less than half the total length. Outer lip thin and simple, columella strongly twisted, form- THE NAUTILUS. / ing a white spiral fold. No parietal lamella. Length 3, diam. 1.9 mm. Imotojima, Ogasawara. Types no. 86479 A. N. S. P., from no. 1158 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This form is distinguished at once from others described from Ogasawara-jima and the islands of Izu by the absence of a parietal lamella. It occurs also on Hahajima, no. 1158« of Mr. Hirase's collection. Qarycldum nipponense n. sp. Shell oblong, with a rather wide spire and obtuse apex, clear, transparent corneous, smooth and glossy. Whorls 4, convex, the suture well impressed. Aperture oblong, oblique, with a single, small, acute lamella at the middle of the inner margin, and a larger tubercle opposite to it within the outer lip, which is thickened throughout. Length 1.3, diam. .G mm. Sendai, Rikuzen. Types no. 86441 A. N. S. P., from no. 1157a of Mr. Hirase's collection. A dwarf among pygmies. It is like C. hachijoense in its polished surface, but differs in the wide spire, not tapering regularly as in that insular form. C. noduliferum, pessimum and borealis are all conspic- uously striate. C. noduliferum and C. nipponense are the only species at present known from the main island of Japan. Specimens sent from Uji-Yamada, Ise, indicate that C. nipponense has a wide range along the ocean coast of Nippon. Alycceus oshimamis n. sp. Shell of the depressed low-conoid shape of other Japanese species, the umbilicus oblong, the last whorl deviating tangentially about half-way across the preceding. Whorls 3f, the first two smooth, reddish or yellowish, the following whorl rib-striate, at first finely and closely, but on the first half of the last whorl the riblets become quite widely spaced. Last half of the last whorl swollen, and very much more finely and closely sculptured than any other part of the shell ; the neck rather strongly contracted, then swollen and sculp- tured again. Aperture very oblique, circular, the lip strengthened by an external rib, built forward beyond the rib, the upper and lower margins arched forward a little. Alt. 2, diam. 4 mm. Operculum thin, yellow. THE NAUTILUS. Oshima, Osumi. Types no. 83385 A. N. S. P., from no. 931 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This species differs from tlie allied A. vincius in its sculptured neck and less developed "collar" or lip-rib. No land shell of the important island of Oshima is known to be identical with species of Kyushu or of the main island of Japan. Stenothyra formosana n. sp. Shell small, ovate, smooth and glossy, yellowish olivaceous. Spire convex-conic, about 4 whorls remaining, the earlier ones being eroded. Last whorl moderately inflated, distinctly compressed from back to face, strongly contracting to the aperture, which is subverti- cal, ovate, and not much exceeding one-third the length of the shell. Length 3.9, diam. 2.2 mm. Kironten, Formosa. Types no. 86485 A. N. S. P., from no. 159 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This small, plain species is related to a form in the collection of the Academy labelled S. glabra A. Ad., but is very much larger, and not quite so much contracted at the aperture. S. glabra was not very fully defined by Adams. It was described from Peiho, but has been reported from Formosa by Nevill, Handlist Ind. Mus., p. 43. Melania hahajimana n. sp. Shell rather thin and light, yellowish olive, usually with some in- distinct reddish longitudinal streaks on the spire ; somewhat glossy, sculptured with irregular, unequal but fine spiral grooves and striae, which on the spire cut the longitudinal growth-wrinkles into oblong beads, irregularly and unevenly developed. The spire is slender with slightly concave outlines. Apex eroded, 6 or 7 remaining whorls but slightly convex, separated by an impressed, oblique suture. Last whorl inflated in the middle. Aperture ovate, ob- lique, broadly rounded below, the thin lip slightly sinuous. Length 34, diam. 10.5, length of aperture 10.5 mm. Length 30, diam. 10, length of aperture 10.8 mm. Hahajima. Ogasawnra. Types no. 8G45 A. N. S. P., from no. 172 of Mr. Hirase's collection. The slender spire, thin texture and inflated last whorl widely separate this form from M, boninensis of Chichijima, the only Melan- ian hitherto known from the Ogasawara-jima. It is related to M. THE NAUTILUS. tuberculata (Mull.), a widely distributed Oriental form, much more strongly sculptured, with more convex whorls. M. boninensis Lea has been found to grow much larger than the original examples, reaching a length of 32.5 mm. Melania libertina var. gigas n. v. Very large, finely striate spirally, more coarsely so at the base, but without longitudinal folds. Olivaceous-brown, yellow in places, with some darker-brown streaks ; the color concealed by a black ferrous coat. Length of decollate shells with about 4 to 4^ whorls remain- ing, 48 to 51, diam. '20 mm., length of aperture 21 to 22 mm. Arato, Echizen. Types no. 86441 A. N. S. P., from no. 171 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This is the largest Japanese Melanian now on record. Some spe- cimens of M. lobbeckiana are longer, but they are not so stout in figure. A SINGULAR EOCENE TURBINELLA. BY WILLIAM I1EALEY DALL. A singular TurbincUa has recently been received from Mr. S. W. McCallie, of Georgia, which seems to stand, to some extent, between the two well known types, Turbinella proper and Vasum. Psilocochlis subg. nov. Shell thick and heavy, with depressed dome-like spire and few whorls, a strong siphonal fasciole surrounding a wide umbilical fun- nel, which is completely filled by a heavy deposit of callus, which also extends to the posterior angle of the aperture; the pillar exhib- its three strong elevated plaits, and the surface is smooth orfreefrom ribs, nodules, or prominent sculpture of any kind. Type: Turbinella (Psilocochlis) McCallie sp. nov. Shell short and broad, with about four whorls, of which all but the last are very small ; apex hardly rising above the last whorl, which is dome-shaped above and widest at about the level of the posterior angle of the aperture, diminishing forward and slightly constricted behind the strong and flaring siphonal fasciole ; umbilical funnel smooth, but nearly filled with a smooth appressed mass of callus, con- 10 THE NAUTILUS. timions over the body, and much thickened behind ; pillar straight, with three strong plaits, canal shallow, short ; suture distinct, sur- face smooth except for very fine incremental and revolving lines ; outer lips broken, but apparently simple and sharp. Length 50, max. breadth about 38 mm., diameter of umbilical funnel about 20 mm. Horizon : Claibornian Eocene of Richmond Co., Ga. This singular shell has very much the aspect of Pyrula smitltii Lea (Lacinia alveata Conrad), Contr. to Geology, pi. v, fig. 1G2 ; but has a lower spire, and is wider and rounder at the shoulder, be- side having the strong plaits on the pillar which do not exist in Lacinia. It will be illustrated in a forthcoming publication. Mean- while collectors should be on the lookout for it. NEW VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LIMNJEAS. BY FRANK COLLINS UAKER. LimncEQ. reflexa iowaensis var. nov. Shell thin, with a short, dome-shaped spire; whorls 5— 5-jL, rather flat-sided, loosely coiled; suture well marked but not profound; aperture with the characteristic turret of typical reflexa, with a heavy plait extending across the columellar callus ; spire and aperture of equal length ; color dark horn, either plain or with spiral or longitu- dinal zebra-like markings ; aperture marked internally by several longitudinal red bands, indicating the position of former peristomes ; umbilicus covered. Length 28.50, width 12.00, aperture length 13.50, width 7.00 mill. Length 30.00, width 11.50, aperture length 15.00, width 7.00 mill. Length 26.50, width 11.50, aperture length 14.00, width 7.50 mill. Length 26.00, width 11.00, aperture length 12.00, width 6.00 mill. This peculiar variety was found in a collection recenlty sent to the writer for study, by Mr. Bryant Walker. It differs from all forms of this species in having the spire and aperture of equal length, in the peculiar dome-shaped spire and in the general robust appear- ance. In the Illinois and Michigan Canal, at Joliet, this variety is found and shows a perfect gradation from the short, stumpy variety, with THE NAUTILUS. 1 1 spire and aperture of equal length, to the long, spiral reflexa. In this lot one may trace the variation from iowaensis, through umbrosa and jolietensis to typical reflexa. In a lot of shells received from Mr. Henry Hemphill, four speci- mens were found which appear to belong here. Two specimens are fairly typical, while two show a variation toward variety umbrosa. They are from Lake Albert Lea, Minnesota. The types are from Muscatine, Iowa. Limnsea reflexa crystalensis nov. var. Shell solid, with dome-shaped spire ; whorls 5-6, flatly rounded, loosely coiled; sutures not impressed, but well marked; spire of variable length, but typically about the length of the aper- ture; aperture long-ovate, peristome with a heavy internal rib; columellar callus heavy, spreading over the inner lip and crossed by a strong plait ; umbilical region showing a slight perforation beneath the overhanging columellar callus ; color light or dark horn, some species are strongly zebra-marked, and all exhibit the fine wavy sculpture of this group of Limiueas. It seems sometimes malleated. Length 19.50, width 8.00, aperture length 9.00, width 4.00 mill. Length 21. 00, width 8.00, aperture length 10.00, width 5.00 mill. Length 22.00, width 9.00, aperture length 10.50, width 5.50 mill. Length 23.00, width 8.50, aperture length 10.50, width 5.00 mill. Length 23. 50, width 1 0.50, aperture length 12.50, width 5.50 mill. Length 28. 00, width 10.00, aperture length 12.00, width G.OO mill. Length 23.50, width 9.00, aperture length 1 1.00, width 5.00 mill. Length 28.00, width 9.00, aperture length 11.50, width 5.50 mill. This variety may be collected in countless numbers at Crystal Lake, Illinois. The lot from which this description was drawn num- bers 105 specimens, and was collected by Dr. N. H. Lyon. This variety bears the same relation to reflexa that variety michiganensis Walker does to pahistris, and its growth is probably governed by the same physical conditions. Limnsea reflexa hemphilliana nov. var. Shell rather solid ; color light horn ; whorls G, very flat-sided, loosely coiled, nuclear whorls very dark red; sutures not impressed; spire acutely pyramidal, about as long as the aperture; aperture elongate-ovate ; peristome thin, bordered internally by a red band ; 12 THE NAUTILUS. col umella oblique, with a rather heavy plait; parietal wall "covered by a spreading callus which almost closes the umbilicus; some speci- mens show a tendency to become malleated. Length 27.00; width 11.00; aperture length 14.00; width 7.25 mill. Length 27.00; width 11.50; aperture length 15.00; width 7.50 mill. Distribution : Lake Albert Lea, Minnesota. Specimens of this very distinct variety were found in a lot of shells received from Mr. Bryant Walker. They look like a widened- out variety exilis with a short spire. They have some relation to the variety iowaensis, but the spire is sharply conic, while in that variety it is dome-shaped. GENERAL NOTES." LIMAX MAXIMUS L. IN CALIFORNIA. — The United States National Museum has recently received several specimens of this species from Mr. S. A. Pease of San Bernardino, Cal. Mr. Pease informs us that they were collected out of doors, near a house, in Redlands, and that it was reported to him that they were feeding upon flowers and plants. He also states that he has heard of this same slug in different parts of San Bernardino county. The specimens sent us are darker than the usual East American form and not so large, the longest individual (preserved in formalin) measuring 58. mm. — PAUL BARTSCH. NOTICE OF Six NEW SPECIES OF UNIOS FROM THE LARAMIE GROUP.— By R. P. Whitfield (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1903, p. 483-487). U. eesopiformis, verrucosiformis, retusoidet browni, percorrugata and postbiplicota are described from Snow Creek, on the Missouri River, about 130 miles N. W. of Miles City, Montana. The names indicate the species of the recent fauna be- lieved to be related to these Laramie forms ; but the radial V-like beak-sculpture of at least part of them shows that there is nothing iu the supposed relationship of the Laramie forms to any surviving North American Unios. They belong to the Hyriinse of Simpson's arrangement, and are only referable to Unio in a Lamarckian sense. The name Unio browni Whitf. being preoccupied, that species may be called Parreysia barnnmi. It is named for Mr. Barnum Brown, who collected the series — H. A. Pihbry. THE NAUTILUS. XVIII PLATE I. WALKER: ON ANCYLUS. THE NAUTILUS. Vor,. XVIII. JUNE, 19O4. No 2. ON THE GENERIC POSITION OF TEREDO FISTULA H. C. LEA. BY CHAUI-ES W. JOHNSON. Among the H. D. and W. B. Roger's collection of tertiary fossils of Virginia, now in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural FIG. 1. FIG. 2. TEREDINA FISTULA, H. C. LEA. TEREDINA FISTULA, H. C. LEA. History are five specimens] (Catalogue no. 9582) of what is usually referred to as Teredo fistula H. C. Lea (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 2 14 THE NAUTILUS. ser., ix 234, pi. 34, fig. 5, 1845). Dr. Ball (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., iii, pt. iv, p. 813, 1898) suggests that this may possibly be the same as Teredo calamus by the same author (op. cit., fig. 4) which apparently differs only in size. The position of T. fistula has always been questioned owing to the absence of all shell characters. Among the above-mentioned material is a specimen having a total length of 58 mm. with valves about 12 mm. in length imbedded in the lower end of the tube as shown in fig. 1. From this it will be seen that it evidently belongs to the genus Teredina, although I have seen no trace of the tube being separate, and the number of accessory valves are poorly defined, the small, dorsal, triangular space having but a slight median and transverse groove. The valves are divided into three areas by two faint radial lines which interrupt the concentric lines as shown in fig. 2. On the anterior angle near the margin are traces of a fine squamose imbrication over-riding the concentric lines. A NEW SPECIES OF PLEUROTOMA FROM THE PLIOCENE OF CALIFORNIA, BY WILLIAM JAMES RAYMOND. Subgenus Genota H. and A. Adams, section Dolichotoma Bellardi. Genota riversiana, new species. Shell narrowly fusiform, spire elevated, outline of spire contained within two straight lines; whorls slopingly shouldered, convex anteriorly, slightly concave near the suture, an obtuse angle separat- ing the wider convex area from the narrower concave area, whose widths are in the ratio of five to four ; posterior margin of the whorls strongly appressed, suture distinct ; first two or three whorls broken away, later whorls with conspicuous, elevated, revolving threads, of which about eight below the shoulder and six above are more prominent, those above somewhat finer and closer ; between the pri- mary threads are much finer, secondary threads ; on the last whorl about sixteen principal threads below the shoulder, coarser and more widely spaced anteriorly, with one to three secondary threads occupying each interspace ; axial sculpture consisting of sharp, ele- vated growth lines, elegantly decussating the revolving threads, THK NAUTILUS. 15 especially conspicuous just below the suture ; on the uppermost of the remaining whorls are faint nodes, about twenty to the whorl ; aperture rather narrow ; posterior sinus shallow, rounded ; lip slightly produced below the sinus, as shown by the growth lines ; two-thirds of last whorl broken away ; canal rather wide ; pillar solid, curved, a somewhat prominent, smooth swelling above ; body whorl eroded in front of the aperture, with a wash of callus striated in lines parallel to the lip. Length of shell 59, of aperture and canal 30, of body whorl 41 ; max. diam. 20.5 mm. Divergence 30°. These measurements are taken from the broken shell. The spire was probably about 4 mm. longer and the total length of the perfect shell could not have been less than 75 mm., with 7 or 8 whorls. From the Pliocene of Santa Monica, California. Genota riversiana is the narrowest form of this subgenus found in California. Only an occasional, greatly produced G. carpenteriana Gabb can compare with it in this respect. The narrow form, the prominence of the revolving sculpture and the obtuse angle, behind the middle of the whorls, well characterize this species. In G. cooperi Arnold and G. tryoniana Gabb the angle is sharper and in front of the middle of the whorls. The principal revolving threads in the present species are more conspicuous and more nearly equal than in G. cooperi, of which a fine specimen from the Pleistocene of Santa Monica is before the writer. The latter species is the most sharply sculptured of those hitherto described. Form and sculpture at once separate G. riversiana from G. carpenteriana Gabb, and still more widely from G. stearnsiana Raymond, which is the shortest and widest species of the subgenus. It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this beautiful species to the discoverer, Professor J. J. Rivers, who has made a large and most interesting collection of the Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils found in the vicinity of his home. The list of subgenus Genota will now be as follows : 1. Genota carpenteriana Gabb, Late Tertiary to Recent. 2. " tryoniana Gabb, Late Tertiary to Recent. 3. " cooperi Arnold, Quaternary. 4. " stearnsiana Raymond, Recent. 5. " riversiana Raymond, Late Tertiary. It is a very compact group. No. 2 is scarcely more than a variety 16 THE NAUTILUS. of No. 1. The others are well differentiated, yet closely related. No. 1 is the most abundant in numbers ; the others are apparently rare. NOTES ON EASTERN AMERICAN ANCYLI. II. BY BKYANT WALKER. In preparing my former paper on this subject (NAUT., XVII, p. 13), I overlooked Hedley's note on Ancylastrum (Proc. Mai. Soc., I, p. 118) in which he calls attention to the fact that Bourguignat's type was A. cumingianus and not A.fluviatilis. The latter species being the type of the genus Ancylus, Ancylastrum, as used by Cles- sin and those who have followed him, was wholly unnecessary, being equivalent to Ancylus s. s. This rectification leaves the section re- presented by A.fluviatilis and characterized by its elevated, capuli- form shell, with the apex recurved and decidedly posterior, free, as it should be, to be known as Ancylus s. s. The division of the Eastern American species into two sections distinguished by the character of the apex, was only a further step in the direction pointed out by Clessin in establishing his section Haldemania and, had his name been available, it would have been used for one of them. Independent of the apical characters, Cles- sin's group was a valid one, and he was entirely justified in separ- ating it from the Eurasion sections represented respectively by A. fluviatilis and lacustris. And the fact that both of these species have the apex radiately striate, does not at all militate against the validity of Clessin's Haldemania, nor of the two sections that have been proposed to take its place. In order, however, that there may be no confusion hereafter on this point, the description of the section, which includes the Eastern American species with a striate apex, may be amended to read as follows : Section Ferrissia Walker. Shell conical, ovate, oval or oblong, usually elevated ; apex acute or somewhat obtuse, placed only slightly behind the middle of the shell, and usually turned toward the right side, not recurved, radially striate. Type : A. rivularis Say. Most of the species belonging to this section are by preference in- THK NAUTILUS. 17 habitants of running water, and are usually found on stones, dead shells, etc., in rivers and streams. The smaller, stronger and more compact shell is no doubt the result of their environment. A few species, however, of which A. parallelus is the most notable example are to be found on plants or dead leaves in slow-flowing or stagnant water. The distribution of the species seems to be more general than that of the species of Lasvapex. I. Ancylus rivularis Say (1819). PI. I, figs. 1-10 and 13-15. This was the first species of American Ancylus to be described and the meagerness of the original description is probably to be attributed to this fact. But one dimension is given and nothing whatever is said in regard to the contour of the shell. It was not until A. tardus was differentiated in 1840, that any information was given on the latter subject and then only by inference. The consequent doubt as to what form was really intended to be covered by the description was recognized at an early date. The characteristic difference in the position of the apex and the shape of the shell was first pointed out by Adams (Thomp. Hist, of Vt., p. 164, 1842), and his remarks on the prevalent uncertainty in regard to Say's species are quoted with approval by Haldeman. It was not until the latter in his mon- ograph supplied an accurate description and a good figure, that the species can really be said to have been established. I am inclined to agree with Haldeman rather than Tryon in considering Gould's rivularis (Invert, of Mass., p. 224), to be parallelus rather than Say's species. Taking Haldeman's description as the typical expression of the species, A. rivularis is a well-marked form, which typically is easily differentiated from all other recognized species. It has a general distribution through the Northern States from New England to Nebraska and southerly to Virginia and through the Ohio and Mis- sissippi Valleys southwest at least as far as New Mexico. I have not seen it, however, from any of the southern Atlantic or the Gulf States east of the Mississippi. It is subject to considerable variation, however, in size and contour, and it is not always easy to differentiate it from the western form of A. tardus. It is not likely to be mis- taken for any of the other eastern American species, except perhaps A. haldemani, which differs in the particulars stated under that species. ( To be continued.} 18 THE NAUTILUS. A DREDGING TRIP TO SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. H. N. LOWE. Last October it was the writer's good fortune to spend a week at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island. A small dredging outfit was included among the baggage. The same dredge had five years ago brought up Fusus roperi Dall and Turbonilla lowei Dall and previous to that had been used with such good results by the late Edward W. Roper off Eastport, Maine and with what results it was now used the following list will show. As there were numerous small power launches at anchor in the bay, I decided to venture the price of a day's use of a launch and see what strange creatures live in old ocean " a hundred fathoms deep." I invited to go along as a traveling companion, my young friend, John Paine, for whom at my request Dr. Dall has named two of the new species dredged. The morning selected was clear and bright and the water smooth as glass as we steamed up the island till just off " Moonstone Beach " and under the lee of " Long Point." Here we decided to make our first haul in some 30 fathoms of water. The water was so transparently blue that we could see our dredge as it sank down, down into the realms of Mermaids and sea-serpents. Anyone who has done any dredging well knows we did not take along any rocking chair or wear our Sunday clothes. After the dredge had been down a reasonable length of time we commenced hauling in our thousand feet of dripping rope, by no means an easy task. Almost every haul would be different, some- times the dredge would be entirely filled with soft mud or sand, again with broken shells, and twice it came up filled with small stones to which beautiful bunches of Brachiopods were attached. The second day we dredged in somewhat deeper water up to fifty fathoms with very good results. After my return it took every evening for over three weeks to sort over the dredgings with the aid of a strong lens. Dr. Dall has kindly worked up the doubtful material and described the new species, in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Dec. 13, 1903, pp. 171-176. The following is a full list of the species dredged : THE NAUTILUS. 19 Actseon punctocselata Cpr. Actseon painei Dall. n. sp. Actseon traski Stearns. Admete gracilior Cpr. Amphissa undala Cpr. Amphissa versicotor Dall. Angulus carpenteri Dall. Sittiam asperum Cpr. Cadulus fusiformis P. & S. Gsecum crebrecinctum Cpr. Gallista neivcombiana Gabb. Gallista (dementia) subdiaphana Cpr. Cancellaria cooperi Cpr. Gardium biangulatum Sby. Gardium quadriganarium Conr. Galliostoma splendens Cpr. Gallisotoma variegatum Cpr. Protocardia centijilosse. Cpr. Only one adult specimen of this beautiful shell. Capulus californicus Dall. Gavolina pacifica Dall. Ghama exogyra Conr. ClathureUa lowei Dall. n. sp. Cerithiopsis tubercidata Cpr. Gerithiopsis assimilata Cpr. Gonus californicus Hds. Columbella carinata Hds. Golumbella tuberosa Cpr. Grepidula navicelloides NuU. Crenella columbiana Dall. Ghama muricata Hds. Two examples had unusually long, incurved spines. Cuspidaria obesa Lov. Daphiiella clathrata Gabb. Dentalium neohexagonum S. & P. Diplodonta orbella GUI. Drillia cancellata Cpr. Drillia empyrosia Dall. Adult shells very rare. Erato cotumbella Mke. Erato vitellina Hds. Eulima rutila Cpr. fttsus ambustus Gld. Fusus kobelti Dall. Fine large specimens. Hinnites giganteus Gray. Ischnochiton biarcuatus Dall. n. sp. Ischnochiton interstinctus Gld. Ischnochiton punctul at issiinus Cpr. KeHia suborbicularis Mont. Kellia laperousi Deshayes. Lucina annulata Rev. Lucina approximata Dall. Lucina caJifornica Corn. Lucina nultalli Conr. Laqueus californica Koch. Found in large bunches at- tached to stones, dead shells and ascidians. Laqueus jejfreysi Dall. Found with L. californicus, rare. Leda acuta Cpr. Leda hamata Cpr. A few live specimens of this interesting species. Lepidopleimis crebricostatus Cpr. Lepidopleurus mertensi Midd. Leptochiton nexus Cpr. Lima orientalis Cpr. Limatula subauricalata Mont. LinguJa albida Hds. Lunatia draconis Dall. n. sp. Lyonsia californica Conr. Macromphalina californica Dall. 20 THE NAUTILUS. Mangilia densistriosa Cpr. Mangilia fancherx Dall. Mangilia sculpturata Dall. Metzgeria californica Dall. Mitra maura Swains. Mitra lowei Dall. n. sp. Modiola polita Verrill. Murex californicus Dall. Murex painei Dall. Muricidea incessa Brod. Muricidea santarosana Dall. Nassa insculpta Cpr. And a var. with heavy ridges. Nassa perpinguis Hds. var. Natica russa Gld. Necera californica Dall. Occasional examples of this curious shell. Nucula belloti A. Ads. Ocinebra lurida Micld. var. Odostomia amianta D. & B. Odostomia kennerleyi D. & B. Opalia retiporosa Cpr. Ovuluin Sp. Two fine specimens dredged. Pandora bicurinata Cpr. Pachypoma insequale Martyn. Pecten floridns Hds. Pecten hericeus Gld. Pecten latiauritus Conr. Pecten vancouverensis Whiteaves. Phasianella compta, Gld. PlaciphoreUa velata Cpr. Pleurotoma carpenleri Gabb. Pleurotoma perversa Gabb. Psephidea ovalis Dall. Puncturella cucullata Gld. Puncturella galeata. Gld. Ranella californica Hds. The adult specimens dredged were only half the size of those found on the mainland yet were twice as thick and heavy. Scala crebrecostata Cpr. Scala bellastriata Cpr. var. Scala sawinse Dall. n. sp. Saxicava rugosa L. Semele pnlcJira Mtz. Sistrum carbonarium Sby. Tegula peramabilis Cpr. Thracia plicata Cpr. Terebratella obsoleta Dall. Terebratella occidentals Dall. Several fine large specimens of these most beautiful brachio- pods. Tornatina culcttella Gld. Trophon stuarti var. smithi Dall. Trophon tenuisculpta Cpr. Trophon trianc/ulatus Cpr. Turitella cooper i Cpr. Turbonilla lowei D. & B. Tvrbonitta simpsoni D. & B. Turbonilla hypolispa D. & B. Turbonilla hypolispa var. stylina Cpr. Turbonilla auricoma D. & B. Turbonilla aresta D. & B. Turbonilla tridentata var. cata- linensis D. & B. Turbonilla aurantia Cpr. Turbonilla eucosmobasis D. & B. Turbonilla latifunda D. & B. Turbonilla torquata Gld. Trnchydermon flectens Cpr. Trivia ritteri Raymond. Venericardia ventricosa Gld. Verticordia ornata Orb. Volvula cylindrica Cpr. Williamia peltoides Cpr. THE NAUTILUS. NOTES ON A FEW SHELLS. BY C. F. ANCEY. Prof. H. A. Pilsbry has described and figured a few years ago (Proo. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., 1901, p. 632, pi. xxxvi, fig. 30-41)' a Japanese Clausilia which he called Cl. oscariana, in honor of Dr. Oscar Boettger, the well-known German writer on Clausiliae. He was probably unaware that a Chinese species of this genus re- ceived the same name from P. V. Gredler (Zur Conchylien-Fauna von China, xvii Stiick. Wien, 1892, p. 8), who, curiously enough, lias dedicated his species to Dr. O. von Mollendorff whose Christian name is Otto not Oscar. At all events, the name Oscariana cannot stand for the Japanese Clausilia, this homonym having several years of priority. Hence, I propose to substitute for it the name Clausilia pilsbryana Anc. I must also call attention to Claus. oscari Thiesse (Bttg., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 34, fig. 16) a somewhat distinct form of CL schuchi, v. Voith, perhaps entitled to specific rank, though Dr. West- erlund (Fauna der in der Palaarktischen region lebenden Binnen- Conchylien, iv, p. 140) calls this a variety of Cl. schuchi. Terebru histrio Desh., was described (Journ. de Conch. 1857, pi. iv, fig. 11) without a locality, from a specimen in Deshayes' collection. I have procured a fine specimen collected on the coast of Senegal to- gether with T. bitorquata Desh., already known as West African, Drillia rosacea Reeve, Marginella petiti Duval, M. goodalli Sow., M. cleryi, Petit. My example, consisting of 16 whorls, is 42 mill, long and 10 mill. wide. For the identification I am indebted to Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg. Natica prietoi Hidalgo (Journ. Conch, xxi, p. 332, Moll. Esp., pi. 20B, figs. 2-3), a very rare shell, discovered on the coast of Southern Spain, was found again by myself at Algiers. I secured a large, somewhat worn example and a smaller one very perfect. With this I detected a specimen of another scarce species worthy of record, viz., Scalaria candidissima, Monterosato. 22 THE NAUTILUS. Dryrnceus nubiltis Preston, of which I have purchased a specimen from the author, who described it in the " Journal of Malacology," vol. x, no. 1, March 1903, appears to be absolutely the same as Drymceus recluzianus Pfr., var. martensianus Pils., from Costa Rica, which of course has the priority. Helicina pterophora Sykes (Proc. Malac. Soc. of London, vol. v, no. 1, 1902, p. 20, fig.), from Guatemala, appears not to differ essentially from H. oxyrhyncha Crosse and Debeaux, from unknown locality. The shells labelled oxyrhyncha in the collection of the British Museum, from Bonacca Island, Honduras, are hardly refer- able to this species, hence, I suppose that Mr. Sykes has been mis- led in considering his species pterophora as distinct from the true oxyrhyncha. An example of the latter in my collection is quite typical, lacking the colored bands of pterophora and uniform yellow. NOTES AND NEWS. SNAILS AND SLUGS IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLO- PEDIA.— In The Dial (Chicago) of Nov. 16, 1904, I took occasion to set forth the character of some of the articles on scientific subjects found in the most recent Encyclopaedias. The article " slug " was examined in a number of them, with interesting results. I said, however, " the ' New International ' and the ' Encyclopaedia Amer- icana ' have not yet reached the letter S, so we cannot tell what sur- prises they have in store for us." The former of these has now come to S, and to day I turned with interest to " slug." The common Ayriolimax campestris appears as " Lima campestris " though one would think a campestrian Lima might find it difficult to exist ! We are also told that slugs are " vegetable eaters," without qualification. Turning over the article " snail," I find a colored plate of American snails. The generic nomenclature is almost pre-historic, " Helix " covering three different families, not to speak of genera. Thus we have Helix fuliginosa, Helix alternata, etc. We also have Bulimus dealbatus and Bulimus fasciatus. Now all this is stupid enough, and it seems fitting for those who THE NAUTILUS. 23 know better to agitate the matter sufficiently to bring about a reform, if that is possible — T. D. A. COCKERELL. A NEW COLLECTOR IN THE FIELD — A few days ago I noticed in my garden, where a Chipmunk (Tamias striatus Linne. ) had been " cleaning house " for the spring, the only refuse he had brought out was about a pint of empty shells, consisting of two species, about an equal number each, Polygyra monodon Rack, and Succinea avara Say. With the Polygyras the upper half of the shells were eaten away and then nicely cleaned of the animal, the Succineas all had the animal cleanly taken out without breaking the frail shell in the least. The Succineas are every season very plenty within fifty feet of Mr. Chipmunk's abode, and the P. monodon is the predomin- ating species of the genus in this locality, Des Moines, Iowa — T. VAN HYNING. Messrs. Walker, Clapp and Henderson have made a short collect- ing trip in the Blue Ridge of Virginia. They report a small catch. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON LIMAX MAXIMUS L. IN CALIFORNIA. — It may be appropriate to add to Mr. Bartsch's note on the occurence of Limax muximus L. in California, that the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has received this species from the following additional places in that state: Oakland, collected by Messrs. Williard Wood and F. L. Button in 1896 ; Los Angeles, Dr. R, E. C. Stearns, collected April 9, 1901; Monterey Co., Mr. Geo. H. Clapp; San Jose, collected by Mr. O. P. Jenkins in 1902; and also from Pasadena, Oct. 1896 and Long Beach in 1899, collected by Mr. H. N. Lowe. — E. G. VANATTA. NOTE ON VENUS ARAKANA Nevill. — In the Proceedings of the Malacological Society for Oct., 1903, Mr. Smith has correctly re- ferred Vemis malonei Vanatta to Nevill's ppecies, but at the pame time he has added a new name to the synonymy by calling it V. " arakanensis." The brothers Nevill did not describe this ehell as " Venus ( Timoclea') arakanensis" as quoted by Mr. Smith. They 24 THE NAUTILUS. called it " Cryptogramma arakana." The correct form is used by Sowerby, on p. 33 of his Supplement to Marine Shells of South Africa.— H. A. PILSBRY. A DISTORTED OYSTER The most curious distortion that I havfi seen was handed to me by a parishioner a few days ago. The species is the common oyster taken from the Sound here (Branford, Conn.) The earlier growth is 4^ inches long, 1| inches wide, the shell then shoots off to the right at an angle of 100° and continues 2^ inches with a width of 2 inches. It next turns to the left at an angle of 120° and adds 2 inches more. This is the external appearance — Owing to the fact that in each case the animal abandoned a part of the shell and built from the middle, the internal appearance is a double curve. — HENRY W. WINKLEY. PUBLICATIONS EECEIVED. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA, SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLID>E — By Wm. H. Ball and Paul Bartsch (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. XVII. pp. 1-16, Feb. 5, 1904). The family consists of four genera Pyramidella, Turbonilla^ Odostomia and Muschisonella. The former is divided into 20 subgenera for 10 of which new names are proposed. Turbonilla consists of 12 sub- genera of which five are new, and Odostomia 37 subgenera, eight of which are new. Four new species are described viz. — P. dodona, T. archeri, 0. pilsbryi and 0. americana. An elaborate system of subgenera and sections is proposed for the wonderfully varied and numerous forms of this difficult family. The work has long been needed, and when suitably illustrated will be of great utility. — C.W.J. A LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED IN WESTERN FLORIDA AND HORN ISLAND, Miss By E. G. Vanatta (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1903, pp. 756-759). The 119 species enumerated were collected by Mr. Clarence B. Moore, while engaged in archaeological researches. Vitrinella mooreana, Erycina floridana and Ouna dalli are described as new. — C. W. J, THE NAUTILUS, XVIII. PLATE II. t. 4: JO. to. WALKER: ON ANCYLUS. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVIII. JULY, 19O4. No 3. NOTES ON EASTERN AMERICAN ANCYLI. II. BY BRYANT WALKER. Ancylns rivularis Say. PI. I, figs. 1-10, 13-15. The typical form as established by Haldeman is represented by fig. 3 (the specimen figured agreeing almost exactly with his dimen- sions), and is an ovate, moderately elevated shell with a subacute apex, which is inclined toward the right side, and with about one- third of the shell posterior to it. The anterior and dextral slopes are regularly but not strongly convex ; the posterior slope is quite concave immediately below the apex, but becomes nearly straight toward the peritreme ; the left slope is nearly straight, sometimes slightly concave towards the apex. The lines of growth are well marked but quite irregular, and there is more or less of a tendency to the radial rippling on the anterior slope so common in many species. The shell is distinctly narrowed toward the posterior ex- tremity, the greatest width being just in front of the apex. Asso- ciated with the specimen figured, and grading into it, is a more depressed form, with the apex less prominent'and the posterior slope nearly straight (fig. 4). Similar examples have been supplied from several localities in the neighborhood of Buffalo, N. Y., and indeed it seems to be rather the characteristic form of that region. The few examples seen from eastern Massachusetts are smaller and rather more depressed than the typical form.* Western specimens appar- * The "large specimens" from Caribou, Me., quoted by Nylander (NAur., xiii, p. 105) should, I think, be referred to A. parellelus. 26 THE NAUTILUS. entry average larger than those from the Eastern States. The largest examined are from Lincoln, Neb., one of which is represented by fig. 6, which has the apex more obtuse than others from the same lot. A series submitted by Dr. Sterki, from Ohio, are uniformly of medium size, none of them attaining the dimensions of specimens from Michigan and further west. Fig. 9 represents another western form, larger, proportionately higher and with the anterior slope more convex than in the typical form, and which in the longitudinal out- line approaches the western form of tardus, and not infrequently is very difficult to differentiate from it, while fig. 13 represents an extreme form, unusually high, with nearly straight lateral slopes and a very acute apex. While as a rule it is not difficult to separate this species from tardus, and on the whole the two species seem sufficiently distinct, it is by no means always easy to decide in regard to individual cases or even large series. This has been particularly true in regard to the series from Ohio, received from Dr. Sterki, in which the two forms seem to run together almost inextricably. As shown by the figures given of each species, none of several distinctive characters relied on are invariable, the posterior slope is frequently quite as concave in tardas as in rivularis, while the convexity of the anterior slope is not uncommonly quite as great in the one as in the other, and neither the position of the apex nor the outline of the peritreme is an absolutely invariable character. The most that can be said is, that while typically the two forms are quite distinct, and in the main can be readily distinguished, nevertheless the variation is so great that, as is often the case with all the fresh-water groups, the sup- posed specific characters fail to give an infallible basis for determi- nation, and the decision in such cases must be the result of the indi- vidual opinion of the observer based upon his general conception of the species as applied to the particular specimens in question. Taking this species as a whole, it may be said to be distinguished from tardus by larger size, more depressed form, more acute apex, which is more inclined toward the right side, and nearer the centre (longitudinal) of the shell, the posterior slope is proportionately longer and more oblique, the anterior slope is usually not so convex, the left slope is usually longer and more convex than the right, the shell is usually decidedly wider anteriorly and the transverse section is wider in proportion to its height, and the side lines consequently THE NAUTILUS. 27 more oblique. Tliis last specification is perhaps a more reliable dis- tinction in doubtful cases than any of the others. Occasionally depressed specimens occur in which both of the side slopes are de- cidedly concave, and the apex quite papilliform, This form, how- ever, seems to be an individual rather than a racial peculiarity. The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows : No. Length. Breadth. Altitude. 1 4.75 3.00 1.50 Min. 3 5.25 3.50 2.00 " 6 7.00 4.00 2.50 " 9 6.25 4.25 2.00 " 13 6.50 4.33 2.75 " Var. brunnea Hald. I have been unable to get any information whatever in regard to this form. II. AncyJus tardus Say (1840). PI. I, figs. 11, 12, 16-23. PI. II, figs. 1-22. Say differentiated this species from his rivularis on three grounds : 1. The apex inclined backwards, but not laterally. 2. The straight posterior slope. 3. The oval aperture, not distinctly narrowed at one end. His type came from the AVabash. But two dimensions are given, length 215., breadth yL in. (3.75 x 2.5 mm.). Binney errs in quot- ing the length as 4.25 mm. He also states that the type is in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy. Among the Ancyli re- ceived from the Academy is a single specimen (No. 58045) labelled " Wabash River, Mrs. L. W. Say," which is undoubtedly the speci- men referred to. As shown by the figure (PI. II, fig.-l), the pos- terior margin is somewhat broken. Its present dimensions are exactly those given by Say (3.75 x 2.5). It is a dead, somewhat worn, shell, and the defective peritreme might easily have escaped observation. When perfect, it must have been somewhat larger. Adams (Thompson's Hist, of Vt., 1842), was next to recognize the species, which he says differs from rivularis in the position of the apex and shape of the aperture. His dimensions (6.25 x 4 x 3.25 mrn.) indicate a much larger shell, proportionately a little wider and very much higher than the type. THE NAUTILUS. Haldeman's descriptions (Mon., 1842), though short, when read in connection with his description of rivularisy clearly differentiate the form indicated. His figure was evidently drawn from the broad form found in eastern Pennsylvania, and which justifies his remark that tardus is proportionately broader than rimtlaris, when understood as applying to the outline of the p*eritreme and not to the transverse section. His dimensions, however, are quoted from Adams. Neither Binney, Tryon nor Clessin, have added anything to our knowledge of this species. I have not been able to find a specimen that agrees either actually or proportionately with the dimensions given by Adams, which indi- cate a large, narrow and very high form. Western specimens of the same length are uniformly wider and lower. The only Vermont specimens seen are a pair in the collection of the Philadelphia Acad- emy labeled " Vermont," and a small suite of immature examples from Hartland (No. 58036) (pi. II., fig. 7). The former are quite typical in their longitudinal and transverse outlines, but are very wide, almost sub-circular in shape (4.5 x 3.5 and 4.25 x 3). The lat- ter are similar, but more depressed. Similar specimens, interme- diate in elevation (pi. II., fig. 4), have been found at Orono and in the Aroostook River in Maine. In all these the posterior slope is straight. An elevated form (pi. II., fig. 10) similar to the Vermont shells occurs at Silver Spring and Columbia, Pa., and is very like that figured by Haldeman ; the posterior slope, however, is more oblique, and in some examples noticeably concave (pi. II., fig. 12). All these shells, however, are alike in the comparatively small size and great width, and should a larger suite show that this is the prev- alent eastern form of the species it should probably be distinguished varietally. The western, and no doubt the typical, form is quite different. Larger, narrower and higher, it is typically a well-marked form. The resemblance between Say's type (pi. II., fig. 1) and the upper half of fig. 20, pi. II., is very striking, and I have no doubt but that Say's specimen is an immature example of this common western species, which is found abundantly from Ohio west to the Mississippi Valley. It is, however, quite variable, as shown by the figures, and, as already stated, at times very difficult to differentiate from the equally variable forms of rivularis. The typical western form is represented by figs. 17 and 20, pi. II., and is characterized by its regularly oval outline, elevated obtuse apex, which is scarcely THE NAUTILUS. 29 turned from the median line, and steep, nearly straight lateral slopes. The anterior slope is usually more decidedly convex than in rivularis, and the posterior slope, though frequently quite concave, is shorter, more direct and less oblique than in that species. The variations in contour leading towards rividaris are shown by figs. 11, 16, 18, 20 and 22 on plate I. An unusually narrow form (pi. II., fig. 14) occurred sparingly among the material supplied by Dr. Sterki. The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows : Plate I., fig . Plate 1 1., fig. 11 . 16 Length. . . . 5.75 . . . 6.00 Breadth. 3.75 3.80 Alt. 2.00 2.25 mm. 18 . 20 . 22 . . . 5.20 . . . 5.00 . . . 6.00 3.50 3.25 4.00 2.00 2.25 2.50 u it 1 . 4 . 7 . 10 . 12 . . . 3.75 . . . 4.25 . . . 4.25 . . . 4.75 . . . 4.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 3.00 .3.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.90 ii (c i t it 14 . 17 . . . 5.00 . . . 5.50 2.75 4.66 2.00 2.50 it U 20 . . 5.66 3.50 2.50 .t EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. AJl the "figures are drawn on the same scale. Plate I. Figs. 1-5 A. rividaris Say. Erie Canal, N. Y. Figs. 6-8 " Lincoln, Neb. Figs. 9-10 " Lamberton Creek, Kent Co., Mich. Figs. 11-12 A. tardus Say. " " Figs. 13-15 A. rividaris Say. " " Figs. 16-23 A. tardus Say. Plate II. Figs. 1-3 A. tardus Say. Wabash River. Figs. 4-6 " Orono, Me. Figs. 7-9 Vermont. Figs. 10-11 Silver Spring, Pa. 30 THE NAUTILUS. Figs. 12-13 A. tardus Say. Columbia, Pa. Figs. 14-16 " Tuscawaras River, Ohio. Figs. 17-19 " Plaster Creek, Kent Co., Mich. Figs. 20-22 " Rockford, A NEW OMPHALINA FROM ALABAMA. BY GEO. H. CLAPP. Omphalina pilsbryi n. sp. Shell about the size and general contour of 0. fuliginosa ; umbili- cate, color rich reddish-chestnut with a dull satiny luster above, smoother and more polished below. Strife of growth fine and close, crossed by microscopic granules in spiral series like beads, giving the upper surface a dull luster; below the granules are obsolete and the surface polished. Apex smooth, and in all adult specimens seen denuded of the epidermis. Whorls 5^, rather flattened and slowly increasing, the last whorl very much wider, more than double the width of the preceding one, almost round, no flattening on the base. Aperture oblique, circular. No thickening at the lip, which is darker than the balance of the shell. Greater diameter 27, lesser 23^, altitude 1 7^ mm. Oblique height of aperture 14, width 14 mm. Greater diam. 24, lesser 21, alt. 14.5 mm. On hillsides in woods around Wetumpka, Ala. Collected by Herbert H. Smith. From above this shell has much the appearance of the large granu- lated variety of 0. Icevigata found with it, but it lacks the close ribs of that species, and the embryonic whorls are smooth, while in Icevigata they are sharply ribbed. On the base the resemblance is less striking, as Isevigata. has a very small umbilicus, the base is flattened, and the internal white thickening makes the base several shades lighter than the upper surface. This is one of the finest of the Omphafinas, and while it is quite common around Wetumpka, it appears to have been entirely over- looked by collectors. I take great pleasure in naming it after Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, who is doing so much to clear up the dark places in American Conchology. Type in my collection, and cotypes in the col- lections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, National Museum, etc. Ill K NAL TILLS. A MOLLUSCAN STAMPEDE. 31 BY T. VAN HYNlNci. Iii the summer of 1899, while collecting shells in the vicinity of Des Moines, Iowa, I made ;in observation which has seemed to me to be of more than ordinary interest. Along the margin of a hayon, adjacent to the Des Moines river, 1 discovered what was quite ap- parently an old, abandoned cray-fish hole beside an old stump. Clear, cold spring water was bubbling up from within the hole, overflowing and running down the slope about ten feet to the bayou. All the way up the little stream, from the bayou to the hole, Physa gyrina wa.s very numerous and in all stages of development, from very minute young ones up to well-developed adults. All were headed up- , stream and moving slowly towards the hole. Around th»j margin of the hole, and down in it as far as I investigated, about fourteen inches, the surface or wall of the hole was covered with them one 32 THK NAUTILUS. layer deep MS tightly as tliey could possibly be crowded together, all headed downward. All in the hole were adidt specimens. The lateral ones had wedged themselves in underneath the ones forward of them until they were seemingly forced to the bottom of the hole, and there became an immovable mass, as there would be no other way of escape but to back out, which the lateral ones were not in- clined to do, but on the other hand were anxious to go ahead. With the water bubbling up through the space left in the center of the hole, the shells had become very smooth and shining. With a stick I dug down about fourteen inches and gathered about a pint of shells from the walls, and a great number fell down the hole. I do not know how much further it extended as it tilled with dirt and shells from my interruption. About a month later I returned to get some of the water for analysis, but it had ceased to flow and dried up ; recently dead shells were very plenty all around. I scraped up a cigar-box full more of them. My impression would be that the water, either from its cool temperature or some appetizing ingredient, was the attraction. I have been sorry ever since that I did not give it more thought at the time. The figure in the upper right-hand corner, while not artistic, serves to show the manner in which the shells were adhering to the walls of the hole ; the density of the mass is not over-illustrated in the least, if any difference they were even more tightly arranged than illustrated ; there was not a space in which a shell could possibly move. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW JAPANESE LAND SNAILS. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. IIIRASK. Eulota (Euhadra) irrediviva n. sp. Shell urnbilicate, resembling E, mercatoria, but very much move depressed. Sculpture of fine growth-lines, minute scattered papillae, and densely crowded, very fine spiral stria: ; the surface rather glossy. The specimens are fossil and have lost color except a dull reddish band above the periphery and sometimes another below it. Whorls o, the apical one rather large, the last whorl double the width of (lie preceding, slightly subangular in front, only a trifle de- scending to the aperture. The aperture is oblique, wide and low, the upper and basal margins subparallel ; lip reflexed and recurved, the basal lilt noticeably straightened. Alt. 21, diam. 36 mm. THE NAUTILUS. Okinoerabushima, Osumi. Type no. 87335 A. N. S. P., from no. 1250 of Mr. Hirase's collection. The most depressed member known of the mercatoria group, and requiring comparison with -no other species. It has been found only as a fossil, probably quaternary, and is the first land snail to be de- scribed from the island. Eulota (Aegista) tokunoshimana n. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, depressed with convexly conic spire, thin but rather strong, reddish brown, the spire a little paler. Surface dull, densely covered with minute short scales or the papilla? left after the loss of scales. Whorls 7 to 7^, convex, very closely coiled, the last descending a trifle in front, barely perceptibly angular in front, elsewhere rounded, especially beneath. The aperture is rather small, oblique, lunate, the narrowly expanded and slightly thickened lip forming about three-fourths of a circle. Alt. 14.3, diain. 21, width of umbilicus 5 mm. Alt. 14, diam. 21.5, width of umbilicus 4 mm. Alt. 13.5, diam. 18.5, width of umbilicus, 4 mm. Tokunoshima, Osumi. Type no. 87334 A. N. S. P., from no. 1210 of Mr. Hirase's coll. A peculiar, compact and high-spired Aegista, with more the sculpture of Plectotropis. Eulota (Plectotropis) pressa n. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, depressed, low-conic above, convex be- low the rather acute peripheral carina ; thin, dull brown. Surface somewhat shining, finely striate, the stria? irregular, but not scaly. Whorls 5^, the last hardly descending in front. Aperture small, oblique, the upper margin straightened, hardly expanded, lower margin narrowly expanded, slightly refiexed, thin, and deeply arcu- ate. Alt. 6.2, diam. 10.8, width of umbilicus 3.2 mm. Okinoshima, Tosa. Types no. 87336 A. N. S. P., from no. 1181 of Mr. Hirase's collection. A small, plain species, with the spire higher than in E. intonsa, and the last whorl narrower. Eulota (Aegista') friedeliana var. vestita n. var. Differs from E. friedeliana by being very densely covered with minute short scales. Alt. 9, diam. 16.5, width of umbilicus 5 mm. 34 THE NAUTILUS. Oshinui, Osumi. Types no. 87338 A. N. S. P., from no. 1199 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Eulota friedeliana var. goniosoma n. var. More widely umbilicate and more depressed than friedeliana or var. peraperta. Whorls 5-|, the last bluntly angular at the periphery. Surface covered with short triangular cnticular scales, or their short solid bases. Alt. 8.5, diam. 19, width of umbilicus 7 mm. Shimo-Koshikijima, Satsuma. Types no. 87337 A. N. S. P., from no. 1238 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Eulota (Aeffista) kobensis var. pertenuis n. var. Shell very thin, very openly umbilicate, the spire very low ; nearly planorboid. Lightly striate. Whorls 5, the last very slightly de- scending in front. Peristome expanded, thin, not thickened within. Alt. 0, diam. 15 mm., width of umbilicus 5.5 mm. Irazuyama, Tosa. Types no. 87340 A. N. S. P., from no. 1098a of Mr. Hirase's collection. Eulota (^Aeyistc?) kobensis var. koshikijimana n. var. Shell rather thin, nearly planorboid, chestnut-colored ; surface dull, densely, finely and sharply striate. Whorls 5^, the last somewhat descending in front. Peristome expanded, narrowly reflexed, flesh- colored, only slightly thickened within. Alt. 6.5, diam. 15, width of umbilicus 5.3 mm. Shimo-Koshikijima, Satsuma. Tyes no. 87341 A. N. S. P., from no. 1241 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This is quite a distinct form by its thin lip and minutely lamellose cuticle. The four Aegistas described above would probably be treated as species by many Helicologists, but their relationships are, we think, better shown by connecting them with the allied forms. LIMAX MAXIMUS AND OTHER SLUGS IN CALIFORNIA. BY ROBERT E. C. STKA.KNS. The occurrence of Limax maximus at Redlands, as reported by Mr. Bartsch in the May number of the NAUTILUS, carries this form farther inland and to a higher altitude than heretofore known on the THE NAUTILUS. 35 West coast, at least in California, the general locality being over fifty miles from the sea, and the elevation over 1300 feet or more. Mr. Bartsch remarks that his specimens were " darker than the usual East American form, and not so large, the longest individual (preserved in formalin) measuring 58 mm." This slug is said to occur " in different parts of San Bernardino county." In point of size, examples 75 mm. or more are not infrequent. Dr. Pilsbry, commenting on specimens sent to him a year or two ago, said " that it was not the common form, but a melanistic variety which I have never seen from the East." Hereabout there is con- siderable variation in this respect ; occasionally individuals are met with that are much darker than any of those sent to him at that time. In some places this slug has already become a pest. In my grounds I have not found that it does any material damage to flow- ers or plants, quite unlike Helix aspersa in this matter. It seems to prefer the vicinity of the garbage can, which it exploits after dark, being nocturnal in its wanderings, concealing itself in cool, damp, dark or well-shaded places during the day. A greasy, cast-away soup-bone is apparently to its liking, judging by the numerous slime- tracks centering around such an object. It frequently invades human habitations, directing its visits to the pantry. It is surprising how small a hole or narrow crack even the largest individuals can pass through. In order to keep them out, especially of the pantry and porches, ordinary table salt in liberal quantities strewn around and close to the threshhold, inside and outside of the pantry and kitchen doors, and other places indicated by the shiny slime-tracks as points of entrance, will do these pests up every time ; the salt adheres to their sticky bodies, dissolves and is absorbed, and the in- truders are literally corned to death. For all places about the dwelling-house, salt is the safest and most effective article. Air- slaked lime that has not lost all of its heat is also good. This should be used freely in cellars and basements, and other places of conceal- ment where the slugs occur. Another remedy, excellent, but too poisonous to be used unless safely placed out of the way of children or pet animals, is made by taking the refuse of the soup-kettle, add- ing water so as to make when stewed a gruel of the consistency of molasses ; mix with it, after straining out the coarser portion, some Paris green ; daub pieces of board or old shingles with some of the mixture, and place near such spots as are indicated by the tracks. This prescription is a settler. 36 THE NAUTILUS. Having experimented successfully witli these " remedies," I can assure satisfactory results. Of course trapping under pieces of board placed here and there, turning the same occasionally and col- lecting by hand, may be practised with more or less success. In England, in wet, cool seasons, slugs are particularly destruc- tive to fields of young wheat ; there they work at night. Lime is used to a great extent, and trapping under cabbage and other large leaves is often resorted to. Soot is sometimes used in the wheat h'elds in the same way as lime. Another foreign slug Limax (Amalia) hewstom '( — A. gagatesf) had become a nuisance in the grass plots of San Francisco twenty years ago, and has presumably extended its territory over a larger area by this time. Our large native slugs, Limax (Ariolimax), columbianus Gld., and its near relative californicus Cp., inhabitants of Central California, the first-named found also as far north as British Columbia, appear to be free of the sins which have made the foreign forms obnoxious. These two species are sometimes met with of the length of six inches. Their dirty yellowish green color, often blotched or spotted, is rather repulsive. It is not unlikely that slugs may become a serious pest to the farmers in some parts of Cal- ifornia at some future time, an unwelcome incident pertaining to the development of irrigation. The sense of smell seems to be highly developed in L. maximus, and probably in all of the slugs, and again, the sense or instinct of direction. L. maximus is the only species that I have had an oppor- tunity to observe in this connection. The slugs are " not popular with the masses ;" and very good people call them " nasty things." Los Angeles, Cal., June 13, 1904- NEW MOLLUSCAN GENERA FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS. By George H. Girty (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxvii, 1904). Limipecten is a new genus of Pectenidse based upon a Texan species, L. texanus n. sp. Its relations with Aviculipecten and Acanthopecten are fully discussed. Pleurophorella is a new group near AHerisma, type P. papillosa, Young Co., Texas. Clavilites is a new genus of Denta- liidae, annulate like Plagioglypta, but having a dorsal ridge over which the ribs pass with a strong anterior bend. Type C. howar- densis, from Kansas. Schuchertella n. gen. is a Brachiopod group formerly called Orthothetes, but not Orthotetes of F. de Waldheim. THE NAUTILUS. Vou XVIII. AUGUST, 19O4. No 4. LIST OF ALABAMA SHELLS COLLECTED IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER, 1903. A. A. HINKLET. For several years I have been interested in the variations and geographical distribution of the family Pleuroceridce. of our fresh water shells. Under the same environments a species will often show considerable variation, while specimens from widely different stations will show very marked differences which are often confusing in the determination of species. This has been one cause of the large synonymy of this group. Last fall I had the pleasure of a short visit to several of the streams from Decatur to Montgomery, Alabama. At Decatur, a stop between trains did not allow much time for collecting. At Blount Springs, Randolph creek was followed over most of its rock-bed between the mountains, from the railroad to the bottom lands of the Mulberry river. The river was followed up stream for several miles. Most of the distance the water was shallow, flowing over a seamed rock-bed. The Black Warrior was followed from the wagon bridge near Warrior to the L. and N. R. R. bridge. The only shoal places were at the two bridges. The Bucksehatchee creek near Calera was a water course with i i ' j ., r pools here and there. A walk of three miles from Calera to Wilson's creek gave an opportunity to follow that shaded stream into Montevallo. Individ- 38 THE NAUTILUS. uals were not numerous until the town was reached, where in some places the bed of the stream was literally covered with Goniobasis. A large spring at the edge of the town furnished several species. The Coosa river at Farmer, Shelby Co., offered no good collect- ing places, but farther up the stream at Ft. William's Shoals the stream was explored for considerable distance with very satisfactory results. In the clear, shallow water everything was plainly visible, the colors of the shells often showing with remarkable distinct- ness. Shoal creek, below Farmer, contained but few individuals. At Wilsonville only one small shoal was searched. At Wetumpka there are more accessible places for collecting than at any of the other Coosa river localities visited. The Tallapoosa river above Tallassee, is a much broken stream caused by a rough rock-bed, with a considerable fall. The Pleuroceridse were looked for closely, and especially the Coosa river forms ; but many described species and others listed from that stream were not found. Some of them were undoubtedly overlooked or are to be found in other situations than those explored, but I think the earlier collectors in some way mixed their collections ; and species are credited to the Coosa river which were not found there, while some of the Coosa river forms were credited to other streams. This subject is open for further investigation. For aid in determination of the species, thanks are due Prof. Pils- bry for kindly comparing a large part of the Pleuroceridce and part of the Unionidee with specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences, and for describing some new forms of Limnseidse. To Mr. Bryant Walker for his excellent work with new forms of Somatogyrus, etc. and identifying part of the Helicidce and Unionidee. And to Dr. Sterki for identifying the Corbiculidse. Very little attention was given the land shells and the fresh-water species which inhabit muddy situations. The Unionidce were taken as they were noticed while looking for the Pleuroceridce, so that this list is not as full as it might otherwise have been. In the genus Schitostoma or Gyrotoma, the fissure appears to be the most constant character, while the striae, carinas, nodules, bands, ground-color and outline, all vary more or less. FAMILY PLEUUOCERIDJE. Pleurocera annul Iferum Con. Warrior, common. THE NAUTILUS. 39 P. anthonyi Lea. Wetumpka. P. canalitium Lea. Wilsonville. P. dignum Lea. Spring Creek, Farmer. P. excuratum Con. Decatur. Except for the stria? there is no difference between this and moniliferum. P. formanii Lea. Wetumpka, common. Along the shore in muddy bays. P. incrassatum Anth. Wilsonville and Wetumpka. P. incrassatum Anth., var. showalterii Lea. Wetumpka. P. moniliferum Lea. Decatur, often found in submerged logs. P. nobile Lea. Decatur, found on muddy and sandy bottom. P. ponderosum Anth. Decatur, common. P. striatum Lea. Blount Springs.. P. thorntonii Lea. Spring Creek at Farmer. P. vestitum Con. Montevallo and Blount Springs, common. Lithasia brevis Lea. Wetumpka and Fort William Shoals. Goniobasis ampla Anth. Wilsonville ; Fort William Shoals and Wetumpka, common, often found devouring the animal from smaller shells. G. capillaris Lea. Wilsonville ; Fort William Shoals and We- tumpka. G. carinifera Lam. Randolph Creek. Also Spring, Montevallo. This form was received from Prof. Call years ago, labelled G. ma- cella Anth. G. clausa Lea. Fort William Shoals and Wilsonville, common. G. crebristriatus Lea. Wetumpka, specimens referred to this spe- cies are readily separated from impressa and capillaris, the young have not the carina of the former, and the mature specimens are not eroded like the latter, the outline and color differ from both. G. crenatella Lea. Wetumpka; Fort William Shoals and Wilson- ville. G. cylindracea Con. Wetumpka and Fort William Shoals, com- mon. G. expansa Lea. Tallapoosa River, Tallassee; Mulberry River, Blount Springs, common. G. fallax Lea. Wetumpka ; Fort William Shoals and Wileon- ville, common. G. hydeii Con. Black Warrior, Warrior, common. G. impressa Lea. Wilsonville ; Fort William Shoals and We. tumpka. 40 THE NAUTILUS. G. laeta Jay. Wilsonville; Fort William Shoals and Wetumpka, common. G. lewisii Lea and culta Lea are probably synonym?. G. neyata Lea. Wetumpka. G. nigrocincta Anth. Spring at Montevallo. G. nigrocincta Anth., var. quadricincta Lea. Tallassee. G. nigrocincta Anth., var. grata Anth. Montevallo. G. pybasii Lea. Calera. G. rubicunda Lea. Wetumpka, common and variable. G. semicostata Con. Randolph Creek and Blount Springs. G. showalterii Lea. Fort William Shoals. The elongated oper- culum of tliis species, unlike that of Anculosa rubiginosa, shows a reg- ular growth with the growth of the shell. G. symmetric a Hald. Bucksehatchee Creek, Calera ; Randolph Creek, Blount Springs. G. vaniixemiana Lea. Spring Creek ; Fort William Shoals, We- tumpka and Wilsonville. G. vanuxemii Lea. Fort William Shoals. G. variata Lea. Montevallo, common. G. wheatleyii Lea. Spring Creek, Farmer and Fort William Shoals. Schizostoma alabamaeiisis Lea. Wilsonville and Wetumpka. S. castaneum Lea. Coosa River, Wetumpka and vicinity. Mature specimens were rare. Fissure deep and narrow ; three- or four- banded, when four-banded the two middle ones are approximate. The carina is obscure except at the tip of the young ; the spire of mature specimens is eroded giving them a cylindrical shape. S. constrictum Lea. The most plentiful species of this genus at Fort William Shoals, generally three-banded, smooth or inclined to be nodulous below the hem ; differs from incisum by the fissure being more direct and deeper, ground color lighter, the bands are more dis- tinct. Incisum is never nodulous. S. amplwm and salebrosum are synonyms. S. ellipticum Anth. (syn. bulbosum Anth.). Wetumpka and Wil- sonville. Several hundred specimens show considerable variation, many are smooth, others more. or less striate, some quite distinctly nodulous, three-banded, the bands generally broad, giving the shell a dark appearance. S. cylindraceum may be a form of this species. S. glans Lea. Fort William Shoals, close to ellipticum if not a synonym. THE NAUTILUS. .41 S. excisum Lea (syn. pumilum Lea). Wetumpka and vicinity. Varies from cylindrical to globosely ovate, banded or without bands, those without bands are mature and nearly all of them show a di-- position to have bands on the first whorl. The cord-like elevation behind the fissure is well developed on some while others show very little or nothing of it. The stria? are generally distinct. The fissure is direct, medium in length and width. S. ylandula Lea. Described from one specimen. The only noticeable difference from incisum, of which it is a color variety, is the light color and the bands more narrow and distinct. The color and bands resemble constrictutn, but the fissure places it with incisum. S. incisum Lea. The most plentiful species of this genus at Wetumpka. The fissure is very short, wide and oblique, in some cases only a sinuous outer lip. The three broad bands are clouded, giving the shell a dark color. S. letpisii Lea. Coosa River, near Wilsonville, Ala. Two specimens referred to this species may be only elongated forms of G. irnpressa with a very sinuous outer lip. S. ovoideum Shutt. Wetumpka. S. pyramidatum Shutt. (syn. pagoda Lea, wetumpkaensis Lea, babylonicutn Lea). Shell smooth, striate, or carinate, four-banded or without bands. The carina, always prominent on the young, disappears with the erosion of the spire. The fissure is short and constant in character. Pagoda was described from three specimens. In his description of ivetumpkaensis Mr. Lea says it is umblicate. I find this is not the case with all the specimens and especially the young, nor is the supposed umbilicus confined to wetumpkaensis. It 5s not a true umbilicus but caused by erosion. S. babylonicnm was described from one specimen and I think it only a mature form of that described as wetumpkaensis. Showalterii and demissum may also be forms of this species. Anculosa ampla Anth. There are not many specimens which I refer to this species. The epidermis and character of the bands, outline of body-whorl, and shape of aperture, differ from picta and all its varieties. The columella of the specimens from Fort William Shoals is always purple; it is white in a few specimens from Wet- umpka and vicinity. 42 THE NAUTILUS. A small. variety found on the exposed surface of stones in the swift current, is remarkably depressed with a very large aperture. The columella is broad and thickened its entire length ; it is sometimes white instead of tinted and purple; the spire is very much depressed, hardly extending beyond the body-whorl ; when placed aperture down, the apex is low down on the right side. One of the largest specimens measured over the columella, is .30 of an inch, the largest measurement is .40 of an inch. When placed aperture down, the height is .21 ; extreme length of aperture .30 of an inch, width from center of columella to outer lip .19 of an inch. It seems to me that the forms described as A. elegans and A. for- mosa Lea, more properly belong in the synonym of A. picta instead of ampla. Young specimens referable to these varieties appear to be only color varieties of young picta. A. melanoides Conrad. This unpretentious species was found on pebbles in strong current in Black Warrior River at a bridge near Warrior. The spire is more elevated than usual with the species of this genus, the perfect ones have four whorls, the spire of most specimens is eroded, only two whorls left. A few are banded, but most have no indication of bands. Mature specimens with eroded spire measure .40 to .45 length and .28 to .30 inch diameter. Columella a little thickened at the base and the aperture angulated at the juncture of the columella and outer lip. A. picta Conrad. Common at Fort William Shoals, Wetumpka and vicinity. A very variable species, smooth, sometimes corded or plicate, or both. The bands extremely variable. The most common form is eight to twelve narrow bands made up of dots and dashes. These may be placed so as to form diagonal stripes as in A. zebra and ftammata, and in some instances these diagonal bands are so strong as to blur the revolving lines of dashes. The bands are often continuous and number from two to twelve, or the two characters of bands may be alternate on the same specimen. Many are imper- fectly banded and a few without bands, occasionally one in purple. The columella is often purple or tinged with that color; the prevail- ing color is white, the plicae are often waves or folds. The sh«ll may be globose. In old specimens the body-whorl is often compressed above the periphery, sometimes giving the shell a distorted appear- ance. A. plicata Con. Black Warrior River at Warrior, Ala., common. THE NAUTILUS. 43 At this locality the species is not typical ; among several hundred there are few with small or indistinct plication. Most specimens are smooth with the exception of a raised line a little helow the suture, which is more or less crenulate. Many specimens are three-banded, the upper one just below the raised line and narrower than the other two. None were found in the Coosa River. A. ligata Anth. Wetumpka. The young of this species was often found on the under side of rocks in swift water. A. rubiginosa Lea. Coosa River at Wetumpka also found at Wil- sonville. More or less striate, in some striae are remarkably well de- veloped, producing costate specimens with a crenulated outer lip. In form they vary considerably. Some of the plicate specimens have a little resemblance to A. plicata, but evidently are not that species. Specimens with an elongated operculum were found in only one situation, on the west side of an island above the Wetumpka bridge; the length of the operculum seemed to have no reference to the size of the shell. Occasionally one will have a clear, white columella. They are generally attached to rocks and pebbles in the current, and the colors show up bright and distinct through the clear water of the stream. A. taenidtd Con. . The specimens I refer to of this species may be a smooth form of rubiginosn. FAMILY VIVU'ARIDJE. Viviparus contectoides Binney. n. var. Decatur. In a small swamp deeply shaded by a heavy growth of trees, this species was quite numerous. Mature specimens were rare, the larger part being verv young to half grown. Tulotoma magnified Con. Coosa River at Fort William Shoals and Wilsonville. This species was nearly always found on the under side of rocks where there was little or no current. They were generally in colonies ; it was not uncommon to find 20 or 30 under a single stone a foot square or more. T. maqnifica Con., variety bimonilifera Lea. Farmer and Wil- sonville. This form was found only in a fossil state. In some places they were numerous in cultivated fields and some distance above high-water mark. The size averaged larger than the living magnified and the lower row of nodules is more strongly developed. T. angulata Lea. Coosa River, Wetumpka ; this form differs 44 THE NAUTILUS. from magnified by being smooth or nearly so, some being nearly as smooth as viviparus. They are found under rocks in the swift current of the stream. Both forms, magnified and angulata, vary greatly in color from a light horn to a dark purple. Campeloma ponderosum Say. Tennessee River, Decatur ; Coosa River, Wilsonville ; Fort William Shoals and AVetumpka. 0. coarctatum Lea. Black Warrior River, Warrior ; Tallapoosa River, Tallassee. C. decisum Say. Tennessee River, Decatur. 0. nolani Tryon. Coosa River, Wetumpka. Lioplax cyclostomatiformis Lea. Black Warrior River, Warrior j Coosa River, Fort William Shoals and Wetumpka. FAMILY VALVATIDA;. Valvata bicarinata Lea. Coosa River near the railroad bridge, Farmer, Ala., but three specimens found. FAMILY Somatogyrus aureits Tryon. Coosa River, Fort William Shoals, rare. S. constricius Walker. Coosa River, Wetumpka and Wilsonville, very few; nearly always found on the underside of the rocks associ- ated with S. coosaensis and S. hinkleyi, very seldom more than one on the same rock. The light color, eroded spire and deep suture made them easily noticed among other species. S. coosaensis Walker. Wetumpka, Fort William Shoals; common. On rocks in swift water; sometimes 25 to 30 were seen together. S. crassus Walker. Wetumpka and Fort William Shoals ; not plentiful. S. hinkleyi Walker. At all localities in the Coosa River, One specimen supposed to be from the Tallapoosa River above Tallassee, was probably mixed with S. pilsbryanus by accident. S. nanus Walker. Very plentiful at Fort William Shoals. They literally covered the rock-bed of the stream in favorable situations, showing up very plainly through the clear water, but owing to the swift current it was difficult and tedious collecting them. S. obtusus Walker. Coosa River, Farmer, above the railroad bridge, found among the drift in a stagnant pool, made by the low stage of water. THE NAUTILUS. 45 S. pilsbryanus Walker. Tallapoosa River above Tallassee, very plentiful on rocks in swift water, often seen on the rocks back of the water as it fell over a natural darn. S. pumilus Con. Tennessee River, Decatur, Ala. Found along the shore in muddy places, protected by saw-logs. S. subglobosus Say. Tennessee River, Decatur, Ala. One speci- men. S. umbilicatus Walker. Wetumpka and Fort William Shoals, rare. Amnicola n. sp. Coosa River near the railroad bridge, Farmer, Ala. FAMILY LIMNJEID.E. Limnsea desidiosa Say. In a small stream near the Union Depot, Montgomery, Ala. This species was quite numerous. L. columella Say. Wilsonville, Fort William Shoals, Tallassee, Farmer and Blount Springs. Physa pomilia Con. A small stream near the Union Depot, Mont- gomery, Tallapoosa River, Tallassee, Randolph Creek, and a small rill at Blount Springs. ( To be continued.) THE LAND-SHELLS OF IRONBOUND ISLAND, MAINE. BY DWIGHT BLANEY. The following land-shells have been collected on Ironbound Island, Frenchman's Bay. This is one of the many rocky islands on the coast of Maine — with high cliffs toward the sea, and sloping to the water on the bay side. Heavily covered with spruce mixed with a few birches, and with comparatively little cleared land, it does riot seem a very likely place for collectino- land-shells. Under the guidance of our friend Prof. o t-j Edward S. Morse, we have ransacked all favorable situations, and feel well rewarded with the following nineteen species. The numerals refer to Pilsbry and Johnson's Land-shells of America. No. 141. Polygyra monodon (Rack.), common. No. 200. Pupa muscorum (L.), common. 46 TI1K NAUTILUS. No. 224. Vertigo ventricosa (Morse), common. No. 224a. Vertigo ventricosa var. elation, (Sterki), rare. This species is noted in the catalogue as from Ohio, Michigan and Minnesota. 226. Vertigo bollesiana (Morse), rare. 260. Vitrea hammonis (Strom), rare. 264. V. binneyana (Morse), common. 268. V. ferrea (Morse), common. 278. Euconulus f'ulvus (Mull.), common. 283. Zonitoides arboreus (Say), abundant. 293. Z. exiguus (Stimp.), common. 494. Z. mil in in (Morse), rare. 338. Pyramidula alterrfata (Say), abundant. 344. P. striatella (Anth.), abundant. 346. Helicodiscus lineatus (Say), common. 248. Punctum pygmaeum (Drap.), common. 353. Sphyradium edentulum (Drap.), rare. 362a. Succinea obliqua totteniana (Lea), common. 367. S. avara (Say), not common. The Pupa muscorum L. was found in a most interesting situation. On the seaward side of the island, on a rough, stony beach, rises a pinnacle of rock many tons in weight. This is nearly fifty feet high and is separated from the main cliff by about forty feet. I climbed one day to a flat place near the top, three feet square, covered with Juniper bushes, to gather some wild bluebells, Campanula rotundi- folia L., and while clinging in this narrow space, picked over the valves of clams and mussel shells brought by Crows. Needless to say, I was inspired to find hidden in the lower shells, deep in the bushes, quite a colony of Muscorum. This is the only place on the island where this species is found, and a careful search on the adja- cent cliffs revealed no more of them. How they could have got there is of course an interesting problem. Two fresh-water species are found on the island. Pisidium abditum (Hald.) and Lymnsea caperato. Say, and the following land-shells have been found on neighboring islands. 13. Helix hortensis Mull, Little Duck Island, common. 106. Polygyra sayii (Binn.), Hancock Point. 180. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say), Sovvard's Island, common. 254. Vitrina limpida Gld., Calf Island, common. THE NAUTILUS. 47 NOTES ON SOME CAPE COD MOLLTJSCA. BY C. W. JOHNSON. During a recent trip on Cape Cod, Mass., I was mostly interested in studying the insect fauna, but incidentally collected a number of shells. One ofternoon, at low tide I wandered over the sand-flats of Provincetown harbor ; on my way out I met a little Portuguese boy (Portugese, by the way, constitute about one-third of the population) with a bucket full of periwinkles (Litorinalitorea}. I asked him what he was going to do with them. " Eat 'em," was his reply. To my inquiry whether they were good, he said, "Yep." The piling and rocks (the remains of an old pier) were literally covered with them ; over almost everything was a coating of small barnacles (Balanus balanoides), and it was interesting to see the load carried by some of the periwinkles, often greater in size than the shell itself. On every hand were trails of the sea-snails, but I was suprised to find that Polinices (Neveriia) duplicata far outnumbered P. (Lunatia) heros ; the former were much smaller than those I have collected on the New Jersey coast, and their nidimental bands, popularly known as '' sand collars," were also correspondingly smaller. The nidus of P. duplicata is readily distinguished from those of P. heros by the lower or expanded margin being undulated or wavy. One specimen of Columbella avara was found. Of the Pelecypods, Pandora gould- ana was abundant, and two specimens of the old Gytherea convexa Say (which we must now call Callocardia morrhuana Linsley), were collected. In places the coarse sand had a dark purple line. Close inspection showed it to be made up of the little Gemma gemma. At Easthatn are located a number of large fresh-water ponds, with no apparent inlet or outlet, in which the water is very clear, and quite cool. In the one nearest the station, called Depot Pond, I found three species of the Unionida. All of them were undersized, and very much eroded, features characteristic of still water, even though apparently more pure than many streams. The specimens of Unto complanatus were about two inches in length. It was by far the most common species, although dwarfed Lampsilis radialus, about two and a quarter inches in length, with a thick, dark, sparsely rayed epidermis, was also abundant. The other species wras a very fragile example of Anodonta cataracta Say (A. fluviatilis Dillw.), about two 48 THE NAUTILUS. inches in length. Attached to shells and stones were a few Amni- cola It'mosa. Under an old board I found a colony of Pyramidula striateUa associated with Zonitoides arboreus. In the salt marshes east of the station Mehnnpus lineatus was in great numbers, together with a few Litorina rudis var. lenebrosa. My first stroll along the beach at Chatham was at high tide. Com- ing upon some lobster pots I found quantities of animal life strewn about. Among them were beautiful specimens of Politnces heros, but the animals wers dead, and were left behind because they took up en- tirely too much room for their size ; they were like some specimens a friend once described as " dead, but not gone, and unwilling to be forgotten." The next day, at low water, in the little bights between the several bars which extend out from the beach south of the inlet, were to be seen hundreds of specimens of P. heros of all ages, from the size of a pea to one nearly four inches in length, while the nidi- mental bands were unusually large, and owing to the coarse san'd ex- ceedingly handsome. Amono1 the other interesting shells were the Areas of the New England coast. Area transversa and A. pexata Say, or as we must now call it A. campechensis Gmel. Is not this northern form worthy of a varietal name ? As Say's description covers both, can we not restrict his name to this form as described and figured by Gould ? Scattered along the outer beach we found upwards of twenty single valves of Area ponderosa Say, several with portions of the ligament and epidermis in place. To find so many of this species at the extreme north- ern limit of its distribution was a surprise; it seems even to be more plentiful here than on the New Jersey coast. Mesodesma arcuatum was very common ; a few valves of Cochlodesma leanum, Astarte castanea and two valves of Divaricella quadrisulcata were also found. In a heap of scallop shells Pecten gibbus var. borcalis Say (Pecten irradians of authors), I obtained some very interesting examples of Crepidula fornicata, many of the specimens in adapting their shells to the surface of the scallop becoming strongly ribbed. A rainy day had its advantages; it not only gave me a chance to attend to all the material I had collected, but it brought out the Helix hortensis in great numbers along the steep bank near the light-houses; they were all of the light-colored, bandless variety. I am not aware that this species has been recorded from this place which adds another locality to the mainland records. THE NAUTILUS. Vou XVIII. SEPTEMBER, 19O4. No. 5. SOUTHWESTERN SHELLS. BY JAS. H. FERRISS. Joliet has a botanical park where nature herself made a good start in a collection. Fast as the money and friends can be had the col- lection is being improved. I am superintendent of the ferns upon a salary of '2.r) cents per year, which is to be paid whenever the com- missioners have their salaries increased to that point. An effort to complete a collection of the U. S. ferns and cacti has led me into the Southwest after rare examples. I was surprised on the first day out to find shells among the fern roots upon the hot side of the Franklin Mountain at El Paso, as surprised as when the ferns were found in the first place. This mountain of clay and rock, thoroughly baked, is as uninviting to the collector as a well-used brick kiln. There were two shells there, Holospira roemeri Pfr. and Bulimulus dealbatus pasonis Pils. This will be a species some day. Of less than twenty species found upon this first trip, six were new species or varieties. Not until the last half of the fern trip made the present year were the snails given serious consideration. A collector will find few specimens in a land where to him the conditions are new, unless he gives his whole soul to the work. Frank Woodruff, ornithologist and photographer of the Chicago Academy was with me a couple of weeks. At Deming, N. M.. we formed an alliance with the city marshal who escorted us to the Florida Mts., ten miles away. At Bowie, Ariz., an expedition was 50 THE NAUTILUS. outfitted for the Chiricahua Mts. We went as far as old Fort Bowie. It was rather cold. Some mornings we crawled out from under snow-banks. Water was scarce, and our guides inexperienced. We were after birds, ferns, snap shots and Indian relics, and at the end of two weeks had found only four snails — Sonorclla hachitana Dull, Ashmunella walkeri Ferriss, A. levettei Bid., and a Physa. Former information told me the Chiricahuas were unexplored, and were occasionally exploited by the Apaches. By cautious approaches we made our way to the fort, now occupied by a single miner only. Here we learned there had been no raids for five years, and that the mountains were safe as the streets of Philadelphia. At the fort Mr. Woodruff turned back to El Paso and Albuquer- que. With a miner, ponies and a burro 1 pushed into the higher peaks. These run up about 8,000 feet. We pitched our tent in Cave Creek Canyon, and altogether it was a delightful situation, — caves, strange birds and plants, mountain streams, heavy forests, every day perfect, good folks, and new shells around every point. The miner herded the ponies, prepared warm suppers, and my regu- lar daily grist was two shells I had never seen, and a new fern to the territory. The last day we packed up and visited a ca\e a quarter mile from our camp. Upon our return we found four snails we had never seen. Two were new species. The next day we rode up a wagon road to a saw mill in a heavy pine forest at the top of the mountain. I walked a little and found one new species, two varieties and two I had not seen in the terri- tory. This was a government forest reserve, and here we found Chas. T. McGlone, of Ashland, Ky., in charge, with a lion hunter for a partner, and the partner had a fiddle. The canyons are deep, heavily wooded and well watered; and truly at parting my heart was heavy. I know many species of snails were left behind. The mountains seem rather difficult to reach from the railroads. They are far away, cattle ranches are about ten miles apait, and there are no stages or hotels, but the approach is easy enough, like, snail hunting itself, when you catch on. From the Huachuca station on the Sonora branch of the Southern Pacific I walked fifteen miles across the plain to a canyon formerly visited, and in the next month wore out another pair of hob nails. I left home with rheuma- tism, dyspepsia and several more or less important defects, but was so busy no inventory had been taken since crawling out of the snow •I'UK NAUTILUS. 51 in the Ciiiricahuas. The first Sunday morning in the Huachucas I rested up a little, and found there was nothing out of repair except a few fingers. I am not afraid of an automobile now. Truly, snails were as thick together on the under surface of rocks as mussels are found on the seashore. At the very peak of one of the highest mountains, composed of slabs of limestone, there was not enough stone to cover the Oreohelix. They were hibernating on top and glued together in masses. Upon one side of the peak a dark banded variety was found, upon the other, not two hundred feet away, a white variety. This shell seems to be a home-body. A canyon though three miles in length from top to bottom, was usu- ally peopled by one variety. Over a divide but a few steps was another variety, though every colony in the canyon was liable to have some distinctive mark in size, color or form. And this was true of the Ashmunellas. No two colonies seemed exactly alike, and they did not visit back and forth, nor travel far from the best part of their own rock pile. On the south side of the Huachucas I found a colony of typical Ashmunella chiricahuana about one-half albinoes, a mile west a colony of typical Ashmunella levettei, nearly all albinoes. Half a mile lower down the levettei were chestnut-colored and polished. In between these three colonies were light horn-colored shells running from typical levettei with four large teeth to typical chiricahuana with no teeth at all, and all forms between, one tooth, two teeth, three teeth, rudimentary forms of these, and mere suspicions of teeth or thickening of the lip. Did these two species come together here, or was this the exact spot upon which the original Ashmunella Adam and Eve located? It is up to Dr. Pilsbry. I have described two species there can be no mistake in. With no courage left, the whole responsibility is now dumped upon his shoulders. The last heard from Messrs. Clapp and Walker, they were running too. Some of the Oreohelix are black, white, brown, red, banded, lined, speckled, mottled and variegated, of only ten mm. diameter. Other colonies of similar colors were of twenty-five mm. diameter. Some were carinated, some as round-barreled and as umbilicated as a Circinaria, some depressed, and some were old-time bee-hives. The levettei colonies, outside of the albino camp, varied from dark chest- nut to dull white, and from ten mm. diameter to twenty millimeters. The broken rocks tumbled down from the cliffs, the " slide," or talus, 52 THE NAUTILUS. is tlie liome of the snails. A good snail lioe is necessary, and one should wear gloves, for the chemicals, or climate, crack the collector's hands. A little shade helps, and the colonies will he found where the ventilation is good, the soil sweet and with a normal condition as to moisture, not wet or springy, but a natural soil condition. The most favorable location is selected, and the collector must not be dis- coura"-ed at the absence of dead or living shells until after the O " thorough overhauling of a slide. Ashmunella chiricahnana was found, one by one, but after digging away at a rocky slide for an hour without results I found one pocket large as my hat with 85 ex- amples, and soon after took 125 from a like pocket, and left the rest. Oreohelix and Ashmunellas were nearest the surface. Though hibernating. Oreohelix would be often found under the top stone. The Ashmunellas were next to the soil, and often buried in the loose leaf mould. Sonorellas were deep delvers, and lived down where the stones were wedged close together or buried in the soil. Seldom were more than one, two or three specimens found in one colony, not counting the little fellows, but such as they were I have never seen shells thicker in the southern mountains. I found a number of small shells in the drift on the plains which I did not find alive. Holospiras were usually found under dead vegetation upon dry hill-sides. Vitrinas were in damp ravines in the decaying vege- tation. Infnndibularia tuba Pils., was found in the drift of the San Pedro at Benson. It was not found in the Huachucas, or the drift of the streams from those mountains, and therefore I suspect it came from the mountains near Tombstone. There are a number of species credited to the Huachucas and Chiricahuas I did not iind. Fort Huachuca is a division headquarters of the army, and is occupied by three or four troops of cavalry. Many collectors visit the post and the mountains. Botanists and entomologists predomin- ate. These mountains are probably no better than many others in the territory, but are good, and the collectors in the army lead the way. In the Carr Canyon I found C. R. Biederrnann in a cabin of his own. He expects to remain there two or three years studying Arizona insect life for the Philadelphia Academy. From what he has told me of strange snails in strange places, and from what 1 have seen and run over without seeing, I am satisfied there is fully two years' hard work ahead for the collector who will do Arizona justice. I will do what I can, but all assistance will be cheerfully welcomed. THE NAUTILUS. 53 It is an open field, and the climate is glorious. Take a guide, for water is scarce. The verification of these wonders is now left to Dr. Pilsbry. He has the evidence. Ashmunella walkeri Ferriss, n. sp. The shell is much depressed, lens-shaped, acutely carinate peri- pherally, rather thin and pale corneous-brown. The umbilicus, narrow within, enlarges rapidly at the last whorl. _ Surface nearly smooth, very lightly marked with growth-Hues. Whorls 4^, slightly convex, the last very shortly descending in front. Base more con- vex than the upper surface. The aperture is small and very oblique, the lip well reflexed, white, with an obtuse, squarish tooth in the outer margin and two compressed teeth in the basal margin, the inner one smaller ; these three being nearly equally spaced. There is a rather short, straight, obliquely set parietal tooth. Alt. 4^, diam. 13^ mm. Florida Mountains, Luna Co., New Mexico. Found in a tumble of rock near the top of the mountain, probably an elevation of 6,500 feet. Only a few were found, and none found at any other place. Cotypes in collections of J. H. F. and A. N. S. P. This very dis- tinct species differs from all other known forms of the levettei group in the small number of whorls. It is also flatter and more acutely keeled than any other Ashmunella. Oreohelix clappi Ferriss, n. sp. The shell is moderately depressed, the alt. about two-thirds the diam., and about equally convex above and below the obtuse peri- pheral angle. The umbilicus is about one-sixth the diam. and con- tracts rapidly within. It is brownish-white under a thin greenish- yellow cuticle with some darker oblique streaks and two indistinct brownish bands. In old individuals the cuticle remains only in small shreds. Sculpture of irregular growth-wrinkles and very fine, faint spiral striae, nearly obsolete on the upper surface. Whorls 4^, convex, the last double the width of the preceding, the first 1^ rad- ially obliquely costulate. Base very convex. The aperture is short- oval, nearly circular, and very oblique. The ends of the lips con- verge,, and in old shells are continuous, being connected by a short raised parietal ledge. Alt. 9.6, diam. 15 to 16 mm. 54 THE NAUTILUS. Alt. 9, ilium. 14 mm. Cave Creek Canon, Cliiricahua Mts. Cotypes in collections of J. H. F. and A. N. S. P. Found alive, buried deeply in rotten shale about the base of cliffs near the stream. This species differs from all the forms of 0. strigosa by its radially costulate apical whorls and greenish cuticle. XIST OF ALABAMA SHELLS COLLECTED IN OCTOBEK AND NOVEMBER, 1903. ,A. A. HINKLEY. FAMILY LIMNJEID^E (continued from August number). Planorbis trivolvis Say. A very few specimens found in same location as Viviparus, near Decatur, Ala. P. bicarinatus Say. A single specimen taken from the Coosa River, near the railroad bridge, Farmer, Ala. P. dilatatus Gould. Coosa River, Farmer, and Wetumpka. Very few fotind. P. tantillus Pilsbry. Coosa River, Wetumpka. Found on rocks in swift water, generally on the under side; they are so small that col- lecting them was tedious, though they were abundant in places. N. g., «. sp. Same location as above. FAMILY ANCYLID^E. Ancylus rhodacme Walker. A common species in the Coosa River at Fort William Shoals, Wetumpka and vicinity. FAMILY Polygyra pustuloides Bland. Blount Springs, one specimen at Tallassee, Ala. P. tridentata tennessensis, W. and P. Warrior, Tallassee. Larger than the northern form of tridentata. P. injiecta Say. Blount Springs, Tallassee, Warrior and Mil stead. P. obstricta carolinensis Lea. Wetumpka and Tallassee. P. appressa perigrapta Pils. Tallassee, Warrior, Milstead, Farmer and Montevallo. THE NAUTILUS. 55 P. ttiyroides Say. Tallassee, Farmer and Warrior. P. spinosa Lea. Blount Springs and Warrior. P. stenotrema Bland. Blount Springs, Tallassee and Warrior. P. hirsuta Say. Blount Springs and Warrior. P. downieana Bland. Blount Springs. Only one specimen found. P. monodon f rater na Say. Tallassee. FAMILY CIRCINAKIID^E. drcinaria concava Say. Blount Springs and Tallassee. FAMILY ZONITID^E. Omphalina polita Pils. Blount Springs. Only two young ones found. 0. Jsevigata Pfr. Tallassee and Warrior. Vitrea carolinensis Ckll. Blount Springs, Tallassee and Warrior. Euconulus sp. Tallassee. Young specimens. Zonitoides arboreiis Say. Blount Springs, Tallassee and Warrior, common. Gastrodonta demissa Binney. Blount Springs, Tallassee, Farmer and Montevallo. G. internet. Say. Blount Springs, Tallassee and Warrior. • FAMILY ENDODONTID.E. Pyramidula alternata Say. Blount Springs, Tallassee and War- rior. P. perspectiva. Blount Springs, Tallassee, Warrior and Milstead. Helicodiscus lineatus Say. Tallassee. FAMILY HELICINtD^E. Helicina orbiculata Say. Only dead specimens were found at Blount Springs. At Tallassee living specimens were found on a hill under leaves where the ground was damp. FAMILY UNIONID^i. Not being familiar with Charles T. Simpson's classification of the Unionidas, 1 follow Dr. Lea, and use the genus Unio in its compre- hensive sense. Unio acutissimus Lea. Mulberry and Black Rivers. U. ulatus Say. Decatur. 56 THE NAUTILUS. U. (inodontoides Lea. Wetumpka. U. arctatus Con. Mulberry River and Black Warrior River, common. U. arcus Con. Wilsonville, Wetumpka and Fanner. U. asperatus Lea. Fort William Slioals and Wilsonville, common. U. atrocostatus Lea. Black Warrior River, common. Fort William Shoals. U. blandianus Lea. Fort Willam Shoals, one specimen. U. brutubyanus Lea. Mulberry River, common. U. cahawbaensis Lea. Mulberry River, common. U. cerinus Con. Black Warrior River. U. chultanoogaensis Lea. Coosa River, Wetumpka. U. chunii Lea. Coosa River, Wetumpka, one specimen. U. conipactus Lea. Coosa River, Wilsonville and Farmer. U. cornulus Bar. Fort William Slioals, Decatur and Wilsonville. U- corvunculus Lea. Black Warrior River. U- crassidens Lam. Decatur and Coosa River. U. ebenus Lea. Decatur. U. decisus Lea. Fort William Shoals and Wetumpka. U. dolo^us Lea. Wetumpka, common. U. dromas Lea. Decatur. U. excavatus Lea. Black Warrior River, common ; Wilsonville, one specimen ; Mulberry River and Wetumpka. U-fibuloides Lea. Coosa River, Wetumpka, one specimen. U. flavescens Lea. Black Warrior River, common ; Mulberry River. U. foremanianm Lea. Fort AVilliam Shoals, common. U. gibbosus Barnes. Decatur. U. gracilis Barnes. Coosa River, Black Warrior River at War- rior, Mulberry River at Blount Springs. U. greenii Con. Mulberry River. U. instructus Lea. Black Warrior River, common. U. lewisii L4 I'lIK NAL'TILI,s. standing curiosity to compare the zoological features of the Hay State with those of New Jersey, my old tramping ground, I paid her five or six visits in different localities during the spring, summer and fall of 1903. While these expeditions were mainly ornithological, the Mollusca claimed more than passing attention, and a small col- lection of specimens was made and presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where Prof. H. A. Pilsbry kindly made the identifications and comparisons here recorded. Disclaiming any but a tyro's knowledge of conchology, it only re- mains for me to preface these records by stating my conviction that the evidence given by the vertebrates ot Delaware indicate that her southernmost border is more strictly Lower Austral than Upper Austral. Certain species of birds and reptiles are found there which do not occur in southern New Jersey or Pennsylvania. In the Brandywine valley hills above Wilmington there is perhaps a shade of approach to a preponderating number of species typical of the Upper Austral and Lower Transition. In the upper Choptank valley the Lower Austral finds its most northerly reaching arm on the Atlantic seaboard, and the bird fauna there found in the thickly- forested bottoms is a curious combination of three distinct sub-faunae, one northern, one western, and another southern. (R.) In general character, the snail fauna is nearly identical with that of eastern Maryland west of the Chesapeake, but there are a few somewhat conspicuous differences, such as the occurrence of typical Polygyra tridentata, in place of P. t.juxtide-ns, in Maryland. Pyra- midula alternate/, feryusoni (Bid.) is another species of the coastal plain, which has not yet been found in Maryland or eastern Penn- sylvania. The Unionidce offer unexpected interest by the finding of a colony of dwarf races of several species at Seaford, Sussex Co. (P.) Sea- ford is at the head of navigation on the Nanticoke River, an affluent of Chesapeake Bay, and lies near the centre of the level region reach- ing, with but slight elevation above high-tide level, across the entire peninsula. It is a sandy loam country with stretches of piney up- lands and extensive areas of half-swamp lands. The left bank of the river is fifteen to twenty feet high in some places. Some scattered cypresses and white cedar occur on the left bank, but have nearly been exterminated. The botany and vertebrate zoology of the region are Lower Austral rather than Upper Austral in their prevailing THE NAUTILUS. •'•."» species, this 'ueing (lie dividing line between the two I'aunal regions. (R.) In this locality the Uniones are normal in shape, but very much smaller than in other places in Delaware and the neighboring states. i ~ o Adult specimens of Unio complatiatus measure 42 to 52 mm. long (the normal size being 70 to 95 mm. in other Delaware streams). U.jisherianus is 40 to 43 mm. long, against 05 to 108 mm. at Choptank Mills. Lampsilis cariosus, 40 to 44 mm. long. Lampsilis ochraceus, 40 to 50 mm. long. Lampsilis radiatus, 42 to 48 mm. long. Lampsilis n'isutus, 50 mm. long. The whole Unio fauna is thus dwarfed, the shells being from about half to two-thirds the ordinary size. (P-) It has occurred to me that the dwarfing of the Unionida? of the Nanticoke may be due to the fact that no tributary of this sluggish river runs through a soil furnishing ingredients favorable to shell growth. The relative sluggishness of this whole river system may also have the degenerating effect of non-resistance. (R.) In the following list a few Delaware shells collected by Mr. Wit- rner Stone are included, such records being duly credited : Polygyra tridentata (Say). Braudywine Valley between Duponts and Rockland, Delaware. Polygyra albolabris (Say). Brandywine Valley between Duponts and Rockland, and hills southwest side Brandywine near Paline, Delaware. (W. Stone!) Polygyra thyroides (Say). Brandywine Valley between Duponts and Rockland ; southwest of Brandywine Hills just below Penn. State line ; and near Delaware City, Delaware. (W. Stone !) Polygyra hirsnta (Say). Brandywine Valley between Duponts and Rockland, and near Delaware City, Delaware. Polygyra monodon fraterna (Say). Brandywine Valley between^ Duponts and Rockland, Delaware. Strobilops labyrinthicus (Say). Brandywine Valley between" Duponts and Rockland ; near Dover, Kent Co.; also near Delaware City. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Near Delaware City, Delaware. Gircinaria concava (Say). Brandywine Valley between Duponts and Rockland, Delaware. 66 THE NAUTILUS. Vitrea hammonis (Strom). Choptank River, just below Cboptank Mills (one mile east of Henderson, Maryland), Kent Co. Vitrea indentata (Say). Chop tank River, just below Choptank Mills (one mile east of Henderson, Maryland), Kent Co. Also Brandywine valley between Duponts and Rockland, and near Dela- ware City. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Choptank River, just below Chop- tank Mills, Kent Co.: Brandywine valley between Duponts and Rockland ; Mt. Cuba and southwest side of Brandywine hills, just below Pennsylvania State line (W. Stone !), near Delaware City ; cnear Dover, Kent Co., and Seaford, Sussex Co. Gastrodonta ligera (Say). Brandywine valley between Duponts and Rockland. Gnstrodonta suppressa (Say). Brandywine valley between Du- ponts and Rockland. Southwest side Brandywine hills, just below Paline and Mt. Cuba (W. Stone !); also near Delaware City. Philomycus carolinensis (Bosc.). Mt. Cuba (W. Stone !), Brandy- wine valley between Duponts and Rockland. Pyramidula ulternuta fergusoni (Bid.). Brandywine valley be- tween Duponts and Rockland. Lymncea^ humilis (Say). Near Delaware City; between Du- pont's Powder Mill and Rockland. Lymnaa desidiosa (Say). Brandywine river between Duponts and Rockland. Lymnsea columeUa (Say). Brandywine river between Duponts and Rockland ; Seaford, Sussex Co. Planorbis bicarinatus (Say). Brandywine river between Duponts and Rockland. Physa heterostropha (Say). Brandywine river between Duponts and Rockland ; Seaford, Sussex Co.; head of Red Clay creek, Christiana township. Goniobasis virginica (Gmel.). Brandywine River between Dupont's Powder Mill and Rockland ; also Seaford, Sussex Co., Delaware. Sphaerium sp. Head of Red Clay Creek, Christiana Township, Delaware. 1 The original orthography of this name is, here restored. American authors have almost universally spelled it Liinnsea. — H. A. P. THE NAUTILUS. G7 Lampsilis nasiitits (Say). Seaford, Sussex Co.; Choptank Mills, Kent Co., DelaAvure. Lampsilis radiatus (GmeL). Seaford, Sussex Co., Delaware. Lampsilis curiosus (Say). Seaford, Sussex Co., Delaware. Lampsilis ochraceus (Say). Seaford, Sussex Co., Delaware. Unio co/n/t/annfKS (' Sol.' Dilhv.). Seaford. Sussex Co.; Head of Red Clay Creek, Christiania Township; Clioptank Mills, Kent Co. Unio fisherianus Lea. Seaford, Sussex Co.; Clioptank Mills, Kent Co., Delaware. Anodonta cataracta Say. Mill-pond at head of Indian River, Millshoro, Sussex Co.; Choptank Mills, Kent Co., Delaware. Strophitus edentulus (Say). Head of Red Clay Creek, Christiana Township, Delaware. Strophitus undulatns (Say). Choptank Mills, Kent Co., Dela- ware. A single, well-developed specimen. Alasmodonta marginata varicosa (Lam.). Head of Red Clay Creek, Christiana Township, Delaware. NOTES AND NEWS. A PECULIAR HALIOTIS — Not long ago a freak in the Haliotis line came under my observation, and thinking it of sufficient interest to the readers of THE NAUTILUS, I send the following description : The shell is, in most particulars, a characteristic Haliotis cracherodii, measuring 4f inches in length, li\ inches in height, and 3£ inches in width. It was obtained from a lot of shells brought from the coast of Lower California, by Frank Holzner, a local dealer in shells and curios, and unlike any other I have seen, has no holes whatever, and no scars or indentations to indicate even a good intention in that direction. — F. AY. KELSEY. NEW CAVE-SNAILS. — Dr. R. Sturany has been investigating an interesting collection of snails from caverns in Herzegovina (Nbl. D. M. Ges. for July-Sept., '04). Besides species of Clausilia and Pnpa,\\e describes a very small subcylindric land-snail with a round mouth and hairy cuticle as Pholeoteras euthrix. It is 2.5 to 3 mm. long, and has minutely latticed sculpture, beginning even upon the embryonic whorl. As only empty shells were found, and nothing THE NAUTILUS. resembling them is known, the position of the new genus is left un- certain. It is curious that with the exception of a Carychium dis- covered by Dr. R. E. Call in Mammoth Cave, no cave-snails have been found in America. Those having opportunities should search in other caves of this country. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. MOLLUSCA OF THE " PORCUPINK " EXPEDITIONS. By E. R, Sykes (Proc. Malac. Soc., London, VI, 1004). The material col- lected by these dredging expeditions in the northeast Atlantic, etc., was not wholly examined by Jeffreys, whose death interrupted the work. Mr. Sykes is now supplementing his valuable reports, the first paper dealing with the Tectibranchs. A number of new forms are described, with valuable information upon others. An excellent plate illustrates several little-known species. A CRITICAL LIST OF THE SPH^ROSPIRA SECTION OF THER- SITES — By Hugh Fulton. (Journal of Malacology, XI. 1904.) With the specimens from the Cox and Beddonie collections, Mr. Fulton has critically revised this group of handsome Queensland Helices, correcting numerous errors in former works, and naming as new T. consors, a form figured as T. pnrsoni Cox in the Manual of Conchology. It is only fair to say that most of the errors in former works were due to wrongly named shells sent out by Cox and other Australian conchologists. The work seems to he well done and will be of value to collectors having these fine Australian snails. — H. A. P. AN HISTORICAL AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE FROG- SIIELLS AND TRITONS — By W. H. Dall. (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 47, 1904.) Perhaps no prominent gastropod family lias suffered such vicissitudes of nomenclature as the Tritons. Dr. Dall, without going into their morphology to any length, has fundamentally examined the nomenclature and taxonomy of the group from the earliest times, and gives in this paper the results of an investigation of the early literature of the groups, which may well be called ex- haustive. In the Ranellidtx he recogni/es one genus, Bur so. Bolten, THE NAUTILUS. 69 equivalent to the old genus Ranella. The Tritons are arranged thus : Family SP:PTID^E. Genus Trachytriton Meek (Cretaceous only). Genus PersoneHa Conr. (Eocene, and perhaps including the recent Triton quoyi Rve). Genus Ranellina Conr. (Eocene). Genus Gyrineum Link (Tritons with continuous lateral varices). Genus Euqyrina Dall (Type Ranella gignntea Lam.). Genus Argdbuc'cinum Mo'rcb (Type Ranella vexillinu Brod. In- cludes also the West Coast species Priene oregonensis Redf., etc.). Genus Distortrix Link (Distorsio of authors). Genus Cytnatinm Bolten (Triton femorale, etc.). Genus Septa Perry (Large forms such as T. tritonis, etc.). In recent years all of these groups containing recent species have been generally recognized under one name or another. Cymatium contains nearly all the forms ordinarily called "Triton " except those segregated in Septa, a group which Dall considers sufficiently differ- entiated for generic rank, although Kesteven and others have opposed this view. The classification proposed by Dall will, we believe, meet wilh general approval. It seems worthy of acceptance pending the inves- tigation of the soft anatomy of the snails in question, which is still imperfectly known. The chief innovations in generic nomenclature of the two families are for the most part consequent upon the adoption of the Museum Bolteniatmm as an acceptable source of nomenclature, — a position still in debate. This work is so excessively rare that it is hardly to be called published in the ordinary sense. Of the first edition — which is the only one seriously affecting nomenclature — there is one copy in America and we suppose not over half a dozen, if so many, known in the world. Even in Germany, Herrmannsen,'over fifty years ago, could not get access to a copy, though he made concholog- ical literature an exclusive study for years. The work has other objectionable features, as the free use of polynomials, such as Oym- binm cock/ear neptimi, Cardium cor aurihun, Alurex initra episcopalis, Cassis mitella polonica, Neptunea corona mexicana, etc. Nobody who swallows these ought to choke over Chemnitz. It is evident that some general consensus of opinion is called for, before it will be ad- 70 THE NAUTILUS. visable to throw aside the clear-cut images of Lamarck and his school for their nebulous prototypes in Bolten, which have been all but un- known for over a century. The genus Colubraria is made the type of a new family Colubrariidee, which, however, is not defined. Golubraria is as yet unknown ana- tomically. We have elsewhere shown that, as limited by Dall, the family is a mixture of Buccinidce and Muricidce, with possibly an- other, but still unknown, element in the typical Colubrarias. The essay, though not lengthy, will be read with great interest by those who make a study of molluscan nomenclature. The eminence of its author, both in the field of malacology and of general zoologi- cal nomenclature, will ensure a thorough consideration of the posi- tions taken, by those competent to deal with such questions— H. A. P. NOTES ON THE PLEUROTOMID^E, with description of some new genera and species. By Thos. L. Casey. (Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis, XIV.) Mr. Casey proposes a new classification of the family, establishing eight " tribes " based chiefly upon characters of the sinus. The consideration of genera is confined mainly to those rep- resented in the American tertiaries, some 20 new genera being erected. Numerous new Eocene species are described, chiefly from Alabama and Texas. A single new recent species, Hehnella insolens from St. Helena, is described. Mr. Casey subdivides much more minutely than has been the custom in this family, raising nearly every group to generic rank. While " genera " and " subgenera," etc., are essentially conventional, varying in rank with every investi- gator, yet minute subdivision may easily be carried too far for prac- tical convenience by reason of the great number of species likely to be found to fall between such narrowly restricted groups, requiring the formation of still more new " genera." The characters of the protoconch are extensively used. This is perhaps the most valuable feature in the paper, as they have not hitherto been adequately studied in the Pleiirotornidse generally. The genus Donovania, in- cluded by Mr. Casey in the Pleurotomidae, has been shown to belong to the Rhachiglossa. — H. A. P. THE MUSEUM. By L. P. Gratacap (Journal of Applied Micro- scopy, V.). All sides of the subject, from the location and archi- THE NAUTILUS. 71 lecture of museum buildings to the cases for storage and display, and the installation and labeling of collections, are considered by Mr. Gratacap, whose practical experience in one of our largest museums gives his ideas a high value. The brochure is copiously illustrated. 6 THE EFFECT OF THE BASSIAN ISTHMUS upon the existing ma- rine fauna ; a study in ancient geography. By C. Hedley (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1903). A 35-fathom line on either side would bound a submarine plateau 80 to 90 miles wide, stretching from Australia to Tasmania. Mr. Hedley considers at length the great faunal difference between the South Australian and East Aus- tralian coasts, concluding that the faunal evidence indicates that Bass' Strait was bridged until recent times by an isthmus. The deeply dissected south coast of Tasmania indicates recent subsidence there also, pointing to a former extension of Tasmania southwards, thus separating what he terms the Adelaidean from the Peronian or tem- perate East Australian faunas, by a promontory extending into de- cidedly colder waters. The ideas advanced are well supported and supply a beautifully simple explanation of the long-known and hitherto unexplained diversity of the South Australian and Victorian marine faunas. — H. A. P. ADDITIONS TO THE MARINE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF NEW ZEA- LAND. By Charles Hedley (Rec. Australian Museum, V, pt. 2, 190-t). In reporting upon a parcel of dredgings, Mr. Hedley re- marks that " the fauna of the continental shelf of New Zealand is practically unknown. It also appears that the element common to New Zealand and Australia, hitherto calculated on the beach fauna, will be disproportionately increased when the fauna of the conti- nental shelf is taken into consideration." Besides new forms of several genera, Hedley describes a new genus of the Carditidce, Ver- ticipronus. The valves are small, smooth, and capped by a flat pro- dissoconch. Another new genus, Incisura, is erected for Scissurella lyttletonensis Smith. This little snail is shown to belong to the Fissurellidse, having characters similar to the very young of Fis- surideo. The specimens we have examined bear out Mr. Hedley's interesting conclusion. Incisura is apparently the most primitive of existing Fissurellidde. — H. A. P. 72 TIIE NAUTILUS. A NEW ASHMUNELLA FROM NEW MEXICO. By Paul Bartsch (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 47, 1904, p. 13, 14). A. townsendi, described from two specimens collected by Mr. C. H. S. Townsend on the slopes of the ridge on the south fork of Ruidoso river, about five miles above the town of Ruidoso, at an altitude of 8,500 ft. This is in the Sierra Blanca, Mescalero Indian Reservation, Lincoln Co., New Mexico. " A sh mun ella townsendi is most nearly related to A. rhyssa Dall, but fs much smaller than that form and is uni- formly more strongly sculptured." It measures, alt. 8.2, diam. 15, width of umbilicus 2.3 mm., being thus larger than A. altissima Ckll. from the summit of Sierra Blanca. From an intermediate altitude, A. townsendi seems to be also intermediate in characters between rhyssa and altissima. The use of the term " axial " to de- scribe obliquely radial sculpture seems rather forced. The direction of such sculpture approaches " axial " only at the periphery, and it is presumed that by " axial " is meant " in line with or in the direc- tion of the axis " as the Century Dictionary expresses it. SHELLS OF LAND AND WATER : a familiar introduction to the study of Molluscs. By Frank Collins Baker (Chicago, A. W. Mumford, large 8vo). As its title indicates, this book is for the use of those beginning the study of shells, and is especially designed to be placed in the hands of young people interested in nature study, but without much or any previous acquaintance with rnollusks. The chapters on The Home of the Clam, Pond Snails, Snails of the Forest and Field, The Oyster and its Relatives, The Cowries, etc., afford an attractive insight into the mysteries of these creatures, and will be a revelation to many intelligent people to whom shells have had no meaning. Eight full-page colored plates are very good ex- amples of the new "three-color process," and illustrate many of our native species besides numerous exotic shells. These figures will help many a learner to some knowledge of common " mantlepiece " shells. The text is also fullv illustrated with wood-cuts and half- if tone engravings, and a good deal of attention is given to the obser- vation and collecting of mollusks. The work is written in the some- what old-fashioned form of a series of discourses or monologues by a professor to several pupils. It is well gotten up typographically. — H. A. P. THE NAUTILUS, XVIII. PLATE IV. JOHNSON: PANOPEA BITRUNCATA. THE NAUTILUS. Vol.. XVni. NOVEMBER, 19O4. No. 7. PANOPEA BITRUNCATA CONRAD. BY CHARLKS W. JOHNSON. The sliell of the genus Panopea, like most of the burrowing Pelecypods is subject throughout its growth to Considerable variable- ness. The causes of mutation are so admirably described by Dr. Dall ' that I quote in full the following paragraphs: " All boring mollusks in which the shell has so degenerated that it no longer covers the whole adult animal when retracted are more liable to variation in minor details than those in which the valves meet distally, and dynamically influence their own development by fixing for it certain definite limits. This is markedly the case in the present genus. Those shells which live in an easily movable medium, such as sand or fine, soft mud, are thinner, better devel- oped, more elongated and less distorted than their congeners who are obliged to confine themselves to a gravelly or stony situs. So marked is the difference that I have several times been presented with supposed new species based on these dynamic characters, and by a curious reversal of logic, have been assured that the differences must be specific, because the animals inhabited, respectively, the different kinds of ground alluded to. •' I have observed, also, that where the ground into which the 1 Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, by William Healey Dall. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institution of Science, Vol. Ill, part IV, page 827. Philadelphia, April, 1898. 74 THE NAUTILUS. borrowers retire is a comparatively thin coating over a stony or rocky layer which they cannot pierce, the tendency in Panopea, Mya, etc., is for relatively short and broad shells, with shorter siphons, to survive ; which naturally have a wider, shorter, and more rounded pallial sinus, and shorter and more incurved nymphs. I believe the influence of environment is direct and not selective ; at all events the association of situs and specimens so characterized is, as far as I have been able to determine, quite uniform, whether selective or not." While living at St. Augustine, Florida (1880-87), I was fortu- nate in finding in the harbor, on a sand; bar near " Marsh Island," a specimen of Panopea bitruncata with valves intaot. and from which the animal had apparently just been removed. This specimen which is shown on plate IV, represents a nearly normal shell (reduced ;il>out one-fifth) with the lines of growth but slightly interrupted anteriorly. It had probably grown under favorable conditions in the adjacent sandy-mud bottom. The shell measures 133 mm. (o.25 inches) in length, with a width of 80 mm. On the ocean beach I also found several single valves; these were proportionately shorter, and wider, giving them a more truncated appearance. In my list of the slidU of St. Augustine, Florida, in this Journal, Volume IV, page 4, 1 re- ferred these to Glycimeris bitruncata Conr., while in naming the one from the harbor, I followed Dr. Dall's catalogue of the shell-bearing mollusks of the southeastern coast of the United States (Bull. 37, U. S. Nat. Mus.) and called it G. reflexa Say. Since Dr. Dall's review of the species (Trans. Wagner Free lust. Sci. Vol. Ill, pi. 4, p. 831), I have made a careful study of the type of P. bitruncata in connection with all recent specimens obtainable and find no greater variation than exists in the Pliocene specimens of Florida. The type of P. bitruncata is an injured specimen ; the upper or dorsal portion of the posterior end being broken away, gives the shell a very oblique truncation, while the lower portion of the anterior has been frequently arrested in its development, the lines of growth being interrupted and crowded together, gives that end also a very oblique outline. The umbonal and younger portion of the shells are alike in all the specimens I have examined. Uniting the recent and Pliocene forms, and adopting the oldest name will make the synonomy stand as follows : THE NAUTILUS. 75 . PANOPKA BITKUNCATA Conrad. Panopsea americana Stimpson.. Check List Shells N4 Arner. Smiths. Misc. Coll., Vol. II, 1860; Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1871, p. 130 ; not of Conrad 1838. Glycimeris bitruncata Conrad. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. for 1872, p. 21£, |.l. 7, t. 1. Panopsea bilruncata Tryon. Amer. Marine Conch., 138, pi. 21, fig. 321, 1874. Panopcea mennrdi Heilprin. Trans. Wagner Free Inst., I, 90, pi. 9, f. 19, 1887 ; not of .Deslwyes. . Panopsea floridana Heilprin. L. c. I, 91, pi. 10, f. 21. . Panopsea navicula Heilprin. L. c. 1, 91, pi. 10, f. 22: Panopsea reflexa Dall.. Bull 37, U. S. Nat.-Mus., p. 70, 1889; not of Say. Panopaa floridana Dall. L. c. Ill, pi. 4, p. 831, 1898. Conrad's type was obtained at Fort Macon, North Carolina; it is also recorded from Cape Lookout, (Bickmore); Mobile Point, Miss., (.Conrad), and the west coast of Florida ( Willcox). It has also been taken at Crooked Island, Calhoun Co., Fla. (Clarence B. Moore), two specimens measuring 180x109 mm., and 165x112 mm. It is a common species in the pliocene of the Caloosohatchie, .Shell Creek, and Alligator Creek, Florida. The original spelling of 'the generic name is Panopea Menard, 1;807. It is Glycimeris Lamarck, 1799, (not Glycytneris Da Costa, 1778), and Panopsea Lamarck, 1812. NOTES ON EASTERN AMERICAN ANCYLI. III. BY BRYANT WALKER. Section FERRISSIA. III. Ancylus filosus Conrad (1834). PI. 6, tigs. 1-8. ' Conrad's description of this species is very meager. No dimen- sions are given and the only real specific character indicated is " the numerous, radiating, prominent lines." Subsequent authors have supplied no additional information except Haldeman, who gives a figure, though, curiously enough, he state* in the text that the species is unknown to him. -No specimens from the original locality, the Black Warrior River, have been accessible to me. The only ex- 76 TIIK NAUTILUS. amples seen are two lots in the Lewis collection, so labelled by him, one from the Coosa and the other from the Cahawba River, Ala., and a set from the latter stream collected by Call. Dr. Pilsbry has kindly compared these with the type specimen in the collection of the Academy and writes that though less strongly striated radially, " they agree with the type in form, and the almost invariably red apex." As evidenced by these shells, A.filosus closely resembles in shape and contour the eastern form of A. tardus. It differs, however, in the light green color, the radiating ribs and, when present, the rosy apex. In none of these shells are the ribs very strongly developed, nor do they extend uniformly over the shell from apex to periphery. But there are indications of them on all. They are usually more conspicuous on the sides, especially immediately below the apex and toward the anterior slope, the central portion of the side slope being comparatively smooth. Between these heavier ribs are usually several smaller ones, which seem to be extensions of the apical stria?. The larger ribs are heavier and coarser than those noticed in any other species and, when fully developed, would be "very promi- nent " and conspicuous. The anterior slope is usually strongly con- vex, although, as shown by the figures, there is some variation in this particular; the posterior slope is nearly straight and direct, not very oblique, and the side slopes are slightly convex. The marginal outline varies from a regular oval to obovate with the greatest width behind the apex. The Cahawba River specimens are thinner and more translucent than those from the Coosa and are apparently less typical, being less elevated, with the anterior slope more oblique. The apex is much eroded in all of the Coosa specimens, but is nearly perfect in those from the Cahawba. When perfect it is "somewhat inclined" or rather Hattened posteriorly, and very slightly inclined to the right. Binney and Tryon are consequently in error in referring the species to Acroloxus ( Velletia), which is a European group not represented in our fauna. The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows : Fig. 1, length 4.0, breadth 2.9. alt. 1.9 mm. Fig. 4, length 4.5, breadth 3.5, alt. 2 mm. Fig. 7, length 4.0, breadth 3.0, alt. 1.75 mm. THK NAUTILUS. 77. IV. Ancylus parallelus Hahl. (1841). PI. 5, figs. 1-9. This common and well-known species has a wide range through' the northern states and Canada, extending from Nova Scotia and New England to Manitoba and Minnesota. It is peculiarly a north- ern form, and its range toward the fouth is comparatively limited, Rhode Island, Central New York, Northern Ohio and Indiana, so far as the records go, seem to mark the limit. It is not listed from Philadelphia (Shick) nor Alleghany Co., Pa. (Stupakopf), nor Cincinnati (Harper and Wetherby), nor the Chicago Area (Baker). Mr. Marsh has kindly permitted me to examine the specimens from Mercer Co., III., w.iich he quoted as this species in the NAUTILUS III, p. 34, and they prove to be a form of A. tardus. Shimek's citation from Iowa City, la., which should be verified, if correct, probably marks its extreme range to the southwest, as it does not occur in any of the Iowa lists nor in those of Missouri, Nebraska or Kansas. The tentative citation of this species from North Park. Col., by Ingersoll (Rep. U. S. G. & G. Surv., 1874, p. 405) must also be considered very doubtful. It is easily distinguished by its narrow, elongated shell, with nearly straight lateral margins, which widen more or less anteriorly. The anterior slope is typically (fig. 1) only slightly convex, but there is considerable variation in this particular ; the posterior slope is long, very oblique and nearly straight, the right slope is nearly straight, and the left slope slightly convex. The apex is sub-acute and slightly turned towards the right, and is nearly in the centre of the shell. Lines of growth well marked, but fine and irregular. It is at times subject to considerable irregularity in growth, when living on a small reed, the peritreme is concave at the ends (as noticed in A. juscus} and the lateral slopes are noticeably more convex and the apex less prominent. Several examples have been noticed, in which the shell in the earlier stages was unusually narrow, but on ap- proaching maturity, a sudden expansion of the entire margin took place, resolving the peritreme to nearly its normal outline (fig. 4). Specimens of extraordinary size (fig. 7), far surpassing those from any other locality, have been collected by Nylander at Caribou, Me. Specimens nearly as large (7.5 x 4.5 x 3) have been collected by Ferriss on the north shore of Lake Superior. Fine specimens larger than the average also occurred in Schuyler's and Little Lakes, N. Y. (fig. 4). In most places, however, the average length is less .78 THE NAUTILUS. than 6 mm. . A. parallelus is one of the few species of Ferrissia that by preference chooses the quiet waters of the inland lakes for its home. In northern, Michigan, where it is the only species found, it is abundant on the under surface of the lily pads and on the round reeds (Scirpus lacustris), growing in water 3 to 6 feet deep. The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows : Fig. 1. Length 6.5, breadth. 3.10, alt. 1.75 mm. Fig. 4. Length 4.80, breadth 3.25, alt. 1.75 mm. Fig. 7. Length 8.66, breadth 5.00, alt. 2.50 mm. V. Ancylus haldemani Bgt. (1844). PI. 6, figs. 9-13. | t , . Haldeman's types of the species, for which he used the preoccu- pied name of depressus, came from the headwaters of the Holston River, in Washington County, Virginia, and are now in the collec- tion of the Philadelphia Academy. Dr. Pilsbry lias kindly fur- nished the accompanying outlines of the larger of the two specimens (figs. 9, 10), and states that " the base is a little raised at the ends, but very slightly so, so that the growth-lines appear nearly straight. There are some coarse radii, especially on the long slope, but not noticeable over the whole surface, but the apical tract is beautifully striate." I have referred to this species a small series* collected by Hemp- hill in the Doe River at Roan Mountain Station, Tenn. As shown by the figures (figs. 11-13), they agree quite exactly with the type. The specimen figured is decidedly obovate in its marginal outline, the greatest width being behind the apex, but others are more regu- larly oval. It is a well-marked form, and, as stated by Haldeman, differs from both rivularis and tardus in the obtusely rounded apex, which in the Doe River specimens is directed nearly straight backwards. In the type specimen, it is apparently more excentric. There is no indication in the Doe River specimens of the " coarse radii " which are present on the type, but merely a slight rippling of the anterior slope. But this, no doubt, is a variable feature. The specimen figured is slightly longer and proportionately wider than the type ; the dimensions being : Length 4.43, breadth 3.33, alt. 1.5 mm. VI. Ancylus elatior Anth. (1855). PI. 5, figs. 10-12. Through the kindness of Mr. L. P. Gratacap of the American THE NAUTILUS, XVIII. PLATE V. 6. 4: yo, WALKER: AMERICAN ANCYLUS. THE NAUTILUS, XVIII. PLATE VI. 4-. tr- 8. 15. WALKER: AMERICAN ANCYLUS. THE NAUTILUS. 79 Museum of Natural History in New York City, I 'have had the opportunity of examining an author's example of this rare species. This specimen, though not quite as large as the type, agrees with the description in all other particulars. The locality is given as Kentucky and there is but little doubt that it is one of the original lot. It is a remarkably strong, heavy shell, as compared 'with the other eastern species, and differs from them all in its size, greater eleva- tion and the convex outline of the posterior slope. The marginal outline is broadly oval, the greatest width being behind the centre and immediately under the apex. The apex is quite acute and turned toward the right. The apical striae are strong and close to- gether at the apex, but rapidly diminishing in size, and the strong, irregular lines of growth on the outer half of the circumference are scarcely more than rippled by the radial lines. The apical portion of this specimen was quite heavily encrusted with lime, which I did not attempt to remove, and which covered up any indications of the rosy color mentioned by Anthony in his description. The irregular shape of this specimen is no doubt an individual peculiarity, caused by a change in the line of growth after a period of rest, possibly a change in the object on which the shell rested. Down to the line where the new growth began, the outlines are quite regular, but be- low it, there is first a decided constriction, rather more marked in the posterior and left slopes, and then a rapid expansion all around the circumference. Similar instances have already been described as occurring in A. parctllelus. The dimensions of this specimen are : Length 5.75, breadth 4.5, alt. 3 mm. Accompanying this shell were two smaller ones of evidently a dif- ferent species, apparently the same as that found by Hinkley in the Ohio River, and which will be more fully described in connection with that form. In Mr. Hinkley's collection is a single specimen ot the genuine elatior, which was collected by him in a creek near Flor- ence, Ala. The apex is badly eroded, but the rosy tinge is very evident. Its dimensions are: Length 5, breadth 4.8, alt. 2.5 mm. The outline is entirely regular without any trace of the constric- tion shown in the Anthonyan specimen. VII. Ancylus avails Morse (1864). I have not been "able to get any information in regard to this 80 THK NAUTILUS. species in addition to that afforded by the original description. It is apparently a Ferrissia and distinguished from the other northern species by •' the delicate ribs which radiate from the apex to the periphery of the shell." Judging from the figure, the shell widens posteriorly and not anteriorly, and the apex is turned to the right and noj, as stated by the author, to the left. Whether this be so or not, the broadly ovate shape forbids its reference to the section Acrohxus (Velletia), made by Binney. Clessin's remark that the form of the apex as shown in Binney's figure recalls the European forms belonging to Ancyius s. s. seems equally untenable. VIII. Ancyius lorealis Morse (1864). PI. 6, figs. 14-16. I have not been able to get any authentic specimens of this species for examination. Its main characteristic is stated by the author to be the "fine regularly interrupted, radiating lines (which) mark the surface of the shell from the apex to the border." Otherwise " the species resembles A. tardus in its general form." The only specimens, at all referable to this species, which I have seen, are those from the St. John's river at Fort Kent, Me., men- tioned by Nylander (NAUT., XIII, p. 105), one of which is figured. They are quite close to A. tardus and possibly should be referred to that species, but -they are narrower and more elliptical than the form of tardus, which is apparently prevalent in that State. The growth lines, especially near the apex, are quite strong, and where these are crossed by the apical striae, the effect is that of "fine inter- rupted radiating lines," but this is confined to the apical region. The remaining surface of the shell is irregularly rippled in the manner noticed in nearly all the American species. In view of the fact that in many of the species where it occurs, the radial character (except at the apex) is a variable feature, the reference of these examples to A. borealis seems fairly justified. The dimensions of the specimens before me are as follows : Length (fig. 14) 3.75, breadth 2.33, alt. 1.25 min. Length 3.33, breadth 2.10, alt. 1.25 min. Length 3.50, breadth 2.00, alt. 1.33 min. Length 4.00, breadth 2.50, alt. 1.40 min. Compared with the dimensions of the type, these shells are slightly narrower and not quite as high. But the difference is so slight as to be easily within the lines of individual variation. THE NAUTILUS. 81 The apex is very obtuse, being almost flat on top when viewed in profile. IX. Ancyhu shimeki Pilsbry (1890). PI. 6, figs. 17-19. 1890. Ancyhis obliqiius Shimek. Bull. Lab. Nnt. Hist. St«te Univ. la., I, p. 214. 1890. Ancylus shimekii Pilsbry. NAUT., IV, p. 48. Shell elevated,- thin, transparent, horn-colored, with a yellowish- brown epidermis ; aperture ovate, conspicuously wider anteriorly, in many (especially young) specimens slightly reniform by a barely perceptible incurving of the right margin, the anterior, left and pos- terior margins regularly rounded, the right slightly incurved, straight, or but slightly convex; apex somewhat acute, elevated, strongly depressed posteriorly and to the right, and curved down- ward, in most specimens quite overhanging the posterior right margin of the shell ; the apical portion of the shell (one-half or more) is strongly laterally, or rather obliquely, compressed, a character which makes the young appear proportionately much narrower than the adults; the posterior slope of the shell is long and strongly con- vex, the posterior being short and concave. The surface is marked by fine lines of growth. Largest specimen: Length 3.5, width 1.8, height 1.2 mm. Average dimensions: Length 2.7, width 1.7, height 1.2 mm.— (Shimek.) As the Bulletin, in which this species was described, is very scarce and out of print, it seems better to reproduce the original de- scription, which is very full and accurate, than to present a new one. The only specification to be added being that the apex is radially striate. Through the kindness of Prof. Shimek, I have before me part of the original lot collected by him in Deadman's Run, near Lincoln, Neb. It lias also been found at Galloway, Neb., living on Cerato- phyllum demersum L. In the collection of the Philadelphia Academy a single immature specimen was detected in a vial of A. rivularis from the Delaware River at Philadelphia (No. 75811). These are the only authentic records known to me. The tentative reference of this species to Gundlachia by Pilsbry (NAUT., IV, p. 48, and IX, p. 63), was based on a misapprehension of the species, which is quite different from the Rock Island, Ills., examples figured by him. THE NAUTILUS. The reference of the specimens from Rock Run, Joliet, Ills., to this species by Baker (Moll. Chic. Area, p. 306), is erroneous fof the same reason. The A. sltimekii is a very distinct, little species, and, when once seen, is not likely to be mistake-n for any other. The high, narrow shell with the rapid expansion towards the base ; the prominent, excentric, deflected apex, almost reaching the posterior margin, the long convex anterior slope, -and the peculiar posterior slope are very characteristic and separate it from all the described .species. It is more nearly related to the small Ohio species, called pumilus by Sterki, than to any other, but is clearly distinct as pointed out under that species. The specimen figured, the largest received from Shimek, is slightly smaller than1 the average size as stated in the original de- scription, being : 1 Length 2.66, breadth 1.66, alt. 1.0 mm. X. Ancylus pumilus Sterki (1900). PI. 6, figs. 20-22. ' 1894. Ancylus — -? Sterki. The L. & F. W. Moll, of New Pliila.,O., sp. 83, p. 8. 1900. Ancylus pumilus Sterki. List of L. & F. W. Moll, of Tuscawaras- Co., O., 8th, An. Rep. 0. St. Acad. Sci., p. 36, Separate p. 7. Shell small, thin, translucent, shining, horn-colored; oval or slightly obovate ; ends regularly rounded ; sides nearly equally curved ; apex radially striate, prominent, rather obtuse, not depressed at the tip, about half way between the central and posterior margin and decidedly turned to the right ; anterior and left slopes very con- vex ; left slope nearly straight ; posterior slope straight below the projecting apex ; surface with the lines of growth fine and incon- spicuous, more or less irregularly rippled with transverse wrinkles on the anterior slope. Fig. 20. Length 2.75, breadth 1.75, alt. 1.0 mm. This minute species, which was first detected in the Tuscawaras River near New Philadelphia, by Dr. V. ISterki, seems to have an extended range. Examples have been seen from the following localities: Alexandria, Va., ' Seneca, N. Y., Vermilion River, O., Cuyahoga River and Garrettsville, O., and the Mississippi River, Rockford, 111. Specimens from the Kankakee River, 111., and Iowa City, la., though differing from the typical form in having the THE NAUTILUS. 8.3 anterior slope only slightly convex, seem to be also referable to this species. Distinguished primarily by its small size, this spec'ies is well char- acterized by the prominent, obtuse apex, the short, straight posterior slope and long, convex anterior slope. It is very close in general appearance to A. s/tiniekii, but seems to differ persistently in having the apex, which is less excentric in position, projecting decidedly .upwards and not depressed at the tip as in that species, the anterior slopes not quite so convex, while the posterior slope is longer, more oblique and nearly straight. The extreme lateral compression char- acteristic of shimekii is not present in this species, the right slope being nearly straight ; this difference is particularly marked in the immature shells, which in shimekii are decidedly narrow and pro- portionately higher than the mature shell, while in pumilus the pro- portions are nearly the same. Sterki's types are immature examples, to which his statement, that '• the sides are parallel," is quite appli- cable, but in mature examples the lateral margins expand a little and become more curved as shown in the figure, which is from one of the largest specimens seen, the dimensions being : Length 2.75, breadth 1.75, alt. 1.0 in. in. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. All the figures on each plate are drawn on the same scale, but those on Plate VI are somewhat more enlarged than those on Plate V. PLATE V. Figs. 1-3, A. parallelns Hald. Little Lakes, N. Y. Figs. 4-6, A.parallelns Hald. Pine River, Marquette Co., Mich. Fijrs. 7-9, A.parallelus Hald. Caribou, Me. Figs. 10—12, A. elatfor Hald. Kentucky. PLATE VI. Figs. 1-3, A. filt>i>us Con. Coosa River, Ala. Figs. 4-6, A. filosus Con. Coosa River, Ala. Figs. 7-8, A. filosus Con. Cahawba River. Ala. Figs. 9-10, A- haldemani Bgt. Holston River, Washington Co., Va. Figs. 11-13, A. haldemani Bgt. Doe River, Tenn. Figs. 14-16, A. b/irealls Mse. St. John's River, Me. Figs. 17-19, A. shimekii Pils. Headman's Run, Neb. Figs. 20-22, A. pumilus Sterki. Tuscawaras River, O. £4 THE NAUTILUS. NOTES AND NEWS. Mr. A. A. Hinkley is making a collecting trip to Alabama. EDITORS NAUTILUS : In the course of some remarks on the '' Museum Boltenianum," Dr. Pilsbry In the October NAUTILUS refers to the '' free use of polynomials " in that work, citing some supposed examples, and sug- gesting that no one who could " swallow these ought to choke over Chemnitz." The general question of the acceptability of Bolten's work is too large to enter upon here, and I believe it has been practically settled in a sense adverse to the arguments I used twenty years ago, and which Dr. Pilsbry now reiterates. But the matter of " polynom- ials " can be settled right here. Bolten used polynomials as much and no more than Linne and Gmelin, 1758-1792. Let us remember that Bolten's work was a posthumous MS. printed without revision by the writer. It contains 2409 entries of species. Of these 64 are what Dr. Pilsbry refers to as " polynomials." (The •' Murex mitra episcopafis," by the way, is not one of them, and does not occur in the book as far as I can discover ; " Mitra episcopalis " is there all right.) Now Bolten's polynomials are partly hyphenated ; part of them are words which we now combine in one word (as " mille puncta- tutn ") ; a lot of them are taken from Gmelin or Linne (as " caput serpentis," '" lingua fells,'" etc.), and have always been in use ; others are geographical (as "•Novae zedandise" "Bonse spei "), and have also been in use continuously to this day ; all of them are either sub- stantive phrases like " pes-asininus" or adjective combinations like " hell was found about 1889 in the city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, during excavations for the city water- works reservoir. It came from a depth of about fifteen feet below the surface, and presumably from the till. i: As Mr. Marston well knew, the shell is wholly unlike any Unionid now found in Wisconsin. It is a left valve, quite heavy but very brittle. When found, the outer surface still retained most of the epidermis, but this has almost entirely disappeared. The height is 70 mm., the breadth of the single valve approximately 22 mm. The shell when complete was very evidently smooth, with a rather elliptical .outline. The' wall is thick but thins down cmisidiM-aMy 98 TIIK NAUTH,L>. toward the posterior end. Anterior margin incrassate. Posterior dorsal curve regular and strong. Posterior umbonal slope flattened,, and separated by a decided angle from the lateral slope. There are some traces of waviness on this posterior slope. The umboms are not very prominent and but very slightly incurved ; the ligament long and heavy. The cardinal teeth, though much weathered, were evidently short and heavy, the lateral teeth long and nearly straight. The anterior adductor cicatrix is large and deep, strongly pitted ; the protraclor impression triangular. The pallia! cicatrix is very deep, ( and crenulate. Only a small portion of the posterior cicatrix re- mains. On comparing the valve with the Unios in our collection, I am forced to the conclusion that we have here a specimen of Um'o crctssi- dens Lam. I am further strengthened in this belief on comparing- the specimen with the figures and description of U. crassiilens by Call (a study of the Unionidae of Arkansas, etc. — Trans. Ac~ Sciences, St. Louis, Vol. VII, pp. l-f>.~>, plates I-XXI). Finally I have compared it with two specimens of U. crassidens. one from the Ohio river, the other from southern Michigan, which were kindly sent to me for this purpose by Dr. W. S. Strode, of Lewistown, Illi- nois. It may be that further material will force us to recognize it as a separate variety, but I do not think it probable. Now let us consider the present distribution of U. crassidens^ According to Call (/. c.) it is abundant in the Cumberland river of Tennessee as well as in other rivers of that State. It occurs- abundantly also in the Coosa and the Alabama, in the Tombigbee, and southeast to the Chattahoochee (Simpson, Synopsis of the Naiades, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXII, pp. 501-1044). It also occurs in the Mississippi and its eastern tributaries as far north as the forty-second parallel ; or, in general, to northern Illinois and southern Michigan. It does not occur within the Basin of the Great Lakes, neither has it ever been found in any stream west of the Mississippi so far as I know. We must look upon it then as essenti- ally a southeastern form, with its center of distribution lying prob- ably somewhere in the rivers of Tennessee. We are thus confronted with the problem of its occurrence, in fossil form at Green Bay, in the St. Lawrence Basin. It is because this involves an interesting point in the causes affecting present geographical distribution, that this note is written. 1I1K NAUTJ1.LS. '.''I One of the marked topographic features of Wisconsin is a long diagonal valley extending from Green Bay, and really as a Continua- tion of tlie l>asin of this bay, toward the southwest. It follows the Juis'm of Lake Whincbago and the course of the Fox river. In the neighborhood of Portage it overrides the water-shed, and is con- tinued in the valleys of the Wisconsin and the Rock. At Portage the Fox and the Wisconsin are less than two miles apart, and in Spring become confluent, the upper Wisconsin contributing largely toward the floods of the Fox (Irving, Geology of Wisconsin, Vol. II, pp. 418, 419). .Now, according to Irving (1. c. p. 426), it is very probable that in preglacial times the entire area of the Fox river drainage, includ- ing the basin of the Wolf, far north of Green Bay, was drained by the Wisconsin, or a stream occupying approximately its bed. Given this former unity of the Fox and the Wisconsin drainage, the oc- currence of a Mississippi form as a fossil in Green Bay is made clear, even though this form be now a southern one. For it must be re- membered here that southern forms in general had a decidedly more northern distribution before the Pleistocene, and especially before the Pliocene. How as to its disappearance? We know that during tlie Pleisto- cene the northern part of our hemisphere became ice-coated nearly as far south as the Ohio river. One of the lobes of this great ice mass entered this very same Green Bay— -Wisconsin Valley — and plowed through it nearly its entire length. It is evident that this enormous ice mass swept everything living before it, or buried it beneath, and Unio crassidens had to go with the rest. When the ice finally receded the conditions were so changed as to forbid the establishment of previous faunal conditions. In the first place, the drainage of the Fox was now separated from that of the Wisconsin. But more important, the climate of this region had become so much colder that many of the former inhabitants, U. crassidens among them, seem not to have been robust enough to re- gain even such part of their former territory, to which the waterway was freely open. Finally alteration in tension between various species probably also contributed to the same general result. It is highly desirable that the Unionids, as well as other mollusca found on both sides of the divide between the Mississippi and St. 100 THE NAUTILI'S. Lawrence Basins be much more completely studied, especially in regions where the divide is narrow. Together with tin's we need to obtain and study the fossil forms of the Tertiary and Pleistocene. Thus and thus only can we get a much more accurate and detailed knowledge of the effect of the Glacial Period on the distribution of animals. Plate VH. External and internal views of fossil Utrio crassidens from Green Bay. University of Wisconsin, Zoological Laboratory, November 29, 1904- ON THE SPECIES OF MARTESIA OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON Three species of the genus Martesia are found on the eastern coast of ,the United States. They are more abundant south of Cape Hatteras, becoming less common or rare to the northward. Like most burrowing shells they are subject to considerable variation. There is also a great difference in appearance between the young and adult shell, the large anterior gape of the young being closed in the adult by a calcareous deposit called the " callum " attached to either valve and extending to the middle or lower edge of the valve. The shell has a large protoplax and a narrow elongated metaplax and hypoplax ; mesoplax and siphonoplax wanting; valves with a single radial sulcus. The species can readily be distinguished by the form of the protoplax, which though showing slight variation, prob- ably due to a favorable or unfavorable -situs, is quite constant in its general character. MARTESIA STRIATA (Linn.). Fig. 1. Pholas striata Linn., Syst. Nat. 12 ed. 1111, 1767. Pholas pitsilla Linn., Syst. Nat. 12 ed. 1111, 1767. Pholas nana Pultney, Dorset. Cat. p. 27, 1799. Pholas falcata Wood, Gen. Conch, t. 16, f. 5-7, 1815. Pholas clavata, Lam., Anim. s. Vert. V, p. 446, 1818. Pholas conoiffes Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 457, 1825. Pholas Hornbeckii Orb., Historia Fis. Polit. y Nat. de la isla de TIIK NAUTILUS. 1011 Cuba, Moluscos, p. 282, pi. 25, f. -23-25 (1845); and in tlie French edition, p. 217, pi. 25, figs. 23-25, 1853. Pliolas semicostata H. C. Lea, Proe. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist. I, 204, 1844; Boston, Jour. Nat, Hist. V, p. 285, pi. 24, f. 1, 1845. Pholas terediniformis Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, pi 161. Pholas Beauiana Recluz, Jour. Conch. IV, p. 41), pi. 2, f. 1-3, 1853. Pholas corticaria Sowerby, Thes. Condi. II. 495, pi. 108, f. 94- 96, 1855. Martesia striata Tryon, Mon. Plmhidacea, p. 92, 1862. Mnrtfsia corticaria, Tryon, Mon. Pholadacea, p. 92, 1862. Shell narrowly wedge-shaped, thin, anterior truncated, cordate, with sinuous elevated crenulated ridges, showing slight radial sculp- ture anteriorly ; radial sulcus slight; the posterior portion marked only by somewhat irregular concentric undulations or growth lines; callum smooth, and angulate at the line of attachment ; the protoplax normally three-lobed, those of the sides sometimes wanting in the smaller specimens, giving the protoplax a " halberd-shaped " appear- ance as shown in the figure of P. corticaria Sowb. Length, 8-23 mm. Distribution, South Carolina, Florida and the West Indies, Europe, Japan (Dunker), Philippines (Cuming). It was described by Linnaeus from southern Europe, while to the West Indian shell he gave the name of P. pit sill a. The slight radial sulcus and angular margin of the " callum " of P. semicostata H. C. Lea, shows that it is undoubtedly a synonym of this species. P. terediniformis and P. falcata, as stated by Tryon, are only the young of this species. P. Hornbeckii Orb., also comes under this category. The type of P, corticaria was found in a piece of" cast-up mahogany. Through the kindness of Mr. J. J. White, of Rockledge, Florida, I received an interesting series varying in size from 8-21 mm. long. They were collected at Oceamis, Florida. These specimens were also found in drift-wood, a feature which undoubtedly accounts for the wide distribution of this species. MARTESIA CUNEIFORMIS (Say). Fig. 2. Pholas cuneiformis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. II, p. 322, 1822. Martesia cuneiformis Tryon, Mon. Pholadacea, p. 91, 1862. Shell broadly wedge-shaped, anteriorly truncate, cordate; with broad sinuo^e crenulated ridges, the anterior crenulations forming 102 THE NAUTILUS. radial costae ; near the deep radial sulcus (lie crenulations are want- ing, and beyond the sulcus are merely concentric undulations or growth lines, callum smooth, line of attachment rounded, cordate ; protoplax arrow-shaped with a medial depression and oblique stri*. Length, H-18. FIG. 1. FIG. 2. FIG. 3. Connecticut to the West Indies. Near New Haven, Ct., in oyster shells (Perkins); Holly Beach, N. J. (Ford); Oceanus, Fla. (White), and found by the writer at St. Augustine. Subgenus DIPLOTHYRA Try on, 1862. The protoplax and also the metaplax are bordered by an elevated callous margin ; in the former case obliterating the deep depression in front of the umbones. Metaplax and hypoplax divaricating. Tryon considered the sculptured and smooth portions of the protoplax as a "double accessory valve," and on that character founded the genus Diplothyra. The above characters seem to separate it subgenerically from the typical Martesia. MARTESIA (DIPLOTHYRA) CARIB^EA (Orbigny). Fig. 3. Pholas caribata Orb., Historia, etc., p. 281, pi. 25, f. 20-21, 1845. French edition, p. 211, t. 25, f. 20-21, 1853. Diplothyra Smithii Tryon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, p. 450; Mon. Pholadacea, etc., p. 126, pi. — , f. 2, 1862. Shell broadly wedge-shaped, inflated anteriorly and tapering ab- ruptly towards the posterior; the anterior half with fine wavy lines forming slight radial costoe, radial sulcus (yuite prominent, posterior half marked only by small concentric undulations and growth lines; I UK N A L I I I. La. 103 the form of the protoplax is variable and the sculptured portion often very irregular or obsolete; callum round and tumid. Length, 9-17 mm. New York to Florida, Cuba and Texas. Tottenville, Staten Is- land, burrowing in oyster shells (Tryon). Although the figure given by d'Orbigny lacks the protoplax, the raised callus border surrounding it is clearly defined, while his de- scription of the protoplax — " Ovato-oblonga, antice producta, acuta uncinata, postice dilatata angulata," agrees with what has been con- sidered D. smilhii. During my residence at St. Augustine (1880-87), I found a large number of fine specimens in a piece of soft artificial limestone off the water battery of Fort Marion. In my list of the shells of St. Augustine (THE NAUTILUS IV, 4) I confused this with M. cuneiformis. This species has only been recorded from shells and limestone while M. striatiis and cu»eiforwis are more frequently found in wood. Its occurrence as far north as New York is prob- ably accidental. NOTE ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE SNAILS USUALLY CALLED PUPA. BY T. D. A. COCKEKELL. Since it appears that the name Pupa is not applicable to the snails usually known as Pupa muscorum, blandi, etc., it becomes necessary to determine what generic name they are entitled to. Mr. B. B. Woodward has placed them in Jaminia, Risso, 1826, of which he regards Pupilla, Leach, as a synonym. A study of Dr. DalPs paper in NAUTILUS, 1904. p. 114. convinced me that this conclusion was not unassailable, and with the help of additional information very kindly supplied by Dr. Ball, 1 have decided to my own satisfaction in favor of Pupil/a. The argument is as follows : 1. Jaminia, Risso, 1826, contained species afterwards referred to Alaa (1830), Abida (1831), Pupilla (1831), Encore (1837), and Sphyradium (1837). The first species is minutissima Hartmann, but this does not agree with the generic diagnosis. The only figured species is an Abida, or Eucore. 2. Altza, Jeffreys, 1830, contained among other things cdentula, Braparnaud (now referred to Sphyradium) and minutissima, Hart- mann. The latter is taken as the type by Dr. Ball (t. c., p. 115). Conchologically, minutissima has the characters of Sphyradium, and not at all those of Vertigo, Pupilla, etc. Its reference to Sphyradium 104 run N A UTII.KS. sliould be fortified \>y an examination of the jaw and lingual mem-, brane, lint for my own part, 1 am satisfied that it belongs there. If this is confirmed, Alsea takes the place of Sphyradium, Agassiz, 1837. 3. Abida, Leach in Turton, 1831, has for its sole example and: therefore type Pupa secale. Encore, Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837, was proposed for P. tridens and P. quadridens. I do not think these can be regarded as different genera, but the characteristic European group of " Pupa " secale, P. tridens, P. quadridens, etc., surely de- serves to rank as a valid genus, separate from the circumpolar group commonly known as Pupa, subg. Pupilla. 4. If Alsea == Sphyradium, and Encore = Abida, all the species of Jamhiia were provided for by 1831. If Sphyradium is distinct from Alsea, apparently the diagnosis of Jaminia prevents us from using that name for Sph.yrudium. 5. Jaminia is therefore either Abida or Pupilla, both published in the same \\oi k. Abida has in its favor the figured example ; Pupilla has Mr. B. B. Woodward's decision. Apparently priority of place should decide the matter. 6. Dr. Dall informs me that in Turton Pupilla umbilicata is on p. 98, P. mar gin at a (our muscorum') on p. 99 ; Abida secale on p. 101 as a synonym of Vertigo secale (Draparnand) Turton. Hence Pupilla was first removed, and Jaminia stands as the proper name for Abida, with Eucore as a section. 7. I do not think the status of Pupilla is affected if we regard umbilicata as its type, for I cannot imagine any one could place umbilicata and muscorum in different genera: 8. Our forms of Pupilla stand thus : Pupilla muscorum (Linne). b. unidentata (C. Pfr.). c. bigr.anata (Rossm.). Papilla hebes (Ancey). Pupilla blandi Morse. b. sublubrica (Ancey). c. obtusa (Ckll.). d. alba (Ckll.). Pupilla sonorana (Sterki). . b. tenella (Sterki). Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry). b. dextroversa (Pils. & Van.). Pufiilla sterkiiiua (Pilsbry). TIIK NAUTILUS. NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF PUPILLID.E. BY U. A. 1'ILSKKV. The receipt of an article from Professor Cockerell upon tliis sub- ject, published in this number, causes me to insert here Mime notes which had been prepared for a forthcoming paper upon the snails of Arizona and New Mexico. The status of the name Pupa was dis- cussed by Mr. B. B. Woodward (Journ. of Conch., Oct., 1903,3.58). who did good work towards clearing the ground. Dall in this jour- nal for February, '04, also went over the nomenclature correcting some errors, but complicating the question by a few new ones. His statement that " Risso's first species [of Jaminia] is Vertigo minu- tissima Hartmann, which should properly have been placed in Sura- phia" is not borne out by an examination of Risso's work, wherein the species stand thus: Risso's species. Jaminia muscorum J. maryinata J. edentula J. secale. J. tridens J. granum J. sulculata J. trilamiUata J. heterostropha J. quinquelamellata J. septemrlentata J. heptodonta J. multidentata J. niso Equivalents in ordinary use. Modern genus. Pupa muscorum L. Pupa nmbilicata Drap. Bulimus obscurus Miill. Pupa secale Drap. Bulimus tridens Brug. Pupa granum Drap. Undetermined Undetermined Bui. quadridens Miill. Pupa cinerea Pupa avenacea Brug. Undetermined Pupa polyodon Drap. Bulimus niso Pfr. Pupilla. Jaminia. Ena. Abida. Encore. Abida. Abida. Abida. Encore. Abida. Abida. Abida ? Abida. Encore. All of Risso's species of Jaminia that are recognizable belong to the subsequent groups Ena 1831, Pupilla 1831, Abida 1831, Encore 1837, and Lauria 1840. Now P. muscorum under the name maryinata was second of the two species for which the name Pupilla was proposed in 1831 in Turton's Manual, the other being P. umbilicata. The latter was removed in 1840 to Lauria, lea vino1 P. muscorum the type of Pupilla. There is 10B THE NAUTILUS. nothing especially new about tliis conclusion, since it was readied by Gray in 1847 (P. Z. S., p. 176), and has been held by Pfeiffer, by Von Martens (Die Hel. 18GO, p. 290), and nearly every one else. There have been differences of opinion about the limits of ihe group Pupflla, but never about its type. Among American writers, Morse and Try on have used Pupillu as a generic name. J\bida was next removed from Jaminia. This is the group com- monly known as Tor quill a. Then in 1837 Encore was proposed for the species tridens and quadridens (heterostropha Risso). These suc- cessive eliminations leave only the group Latiria Gray, represented by J. maryinata Risso (== Pupa umbilicata Drap.) to bear the name Jaminia.* From the foregoing it follows that the name Papilla will replace Pupa, as Prof. Cockerell has held. The groups represented in Jaminia Risso. will stand thus : PUPILLA Lch. in Turton, for Pupa of authors. JAMINIA Risso, restricted, for Lauria Gray. ENA Leach in Turton, for Buliminus Auct. ABIDA Leach in Turton, for TorquiUa Auct. ETCORE Ag. in Charp., for Cttondrula Auct. All of these groups I regard as of generic rank. As to Saraphia Risso, the only species of the group that has been positively identified is S. tridentata, which is the Carychium tridenta- turn of recent authors. After a bout with Risso, one is likely to accept as a just one Bour- guignat's estimate of his abilities : " Ecrivain fecond, mais sans juge- ment, innovateur infatigable, mais absurde, Risso a embrasse dans ses ecrits presque toutes les branches de 1'histoire naturelle, sans en avoir bien traite" une seule." The group Alcea Jeffreys, 1830, has been discussed by Professors Dall and Cockerell, who agree that its type must be Pupa minu- tissima Hartm. It does not do to fix types for these old groups without reference to what has been done by otlr predecessors. Gray and Herrmannsen took a hand in this game over fifty years ago, and they expressly selected Alsea pulustris = Vertigo antirertigo as the *The progress of events had already restricted Jaminia before Gray chose J. heterostropha for its type (P. Z. S , 1847, p. 176). His selection came too late and is ineffective. THE NAUTILUS. 107 type of AItK5, p. 227. Ptychochilus Jordan, Bull.- U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 10, p. 58 (1*77). Ptychochilus Boettger, Conch. Mittheil., 1881. Bifidaria and Eubifidaria of Sterki call for some notice in view of the note by Dall in NAUTILUS, Feb., 1904vp. 116. The original species referred by Sterki to Bifidaria were Pupa contracta Say and P. servilis Gld. from certain Mexican Ipcalities. For P. contracta Sterki subsequently (1892) proposed the section Albinula, leaving serrilis the type of Bifidaria. In January, 1893, Dr. Sterki proposed Eubifidaria with the lype '• hordeacea Gabb," by which he meant the form which I call Bifi- daria procera crislata. This is demonstrated by his previous article treating of " hordeacea" by his list of the preceding year, and by the words of his diagnosis of Eubifi.daria, "lamellae typical." The type of Eubifidaria is therefore P. hordeacea Sterki not Gubb = B. procera cristata P. & V., and the group becomes an absolute synonym of Bifidaria, s. str. The true horducea Gabb, which Dr. Sterki demonstrably did not intend, belongs to a different genus, Pupoides. In conclusion I might say that the generic and subgeneric nomen- clature of the United States forms, given in my catalogue of 1900,* stands as there set fprth with the single exception of the genus fvpa, which now becomes Papilla. The family name having precedence for the group is Pupillidae Turton, 1831. * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, pp. 605-61-0. 108 THE NAUTILUS. NEW SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. BY V. STERKI. PlSIDIUM LIMATULUM, n. sp. Mussel small, inequipartite, somewhat oblique, well inflated, superior margin slightly curved, angle at the scutum projecting and rather sharp, at the scutellum rounded ; supero-anterior slope dis- tinct, almost straight, anterior end a rounded angle situated low ; inferior margin rather well curved, posterior truncate ; beak some- what posterior, moderately large and projecting over the hinge mar- gin, rounded or slightly flattened on top ; surface dull to somewhat shining with subregular, crowded, sharp stria? very fine over the beaks, becoming coarser towards the margins; color pale horn in the adult, straw to whitish in younger specimens ; shell rather thin ; hinge comparatively stout, plate rather narrow ; cardinal teeth ; the right slightly curved, its posterior end much thicker and grooved, the left anterior slightly curved, the posterior oblique, long, more projecting than the anterior; lateral teeth rather large, cusps pointed, strongly rugose, and so are the grooves, the outer posterior in the right valve comparatively long ; ligament moderately thick. Size : long. 3, alt. 2.5, diam. 2 mill. Habitat : Alabama : Calera, in the current of a creek, and pools left on same ; Town Creek at Montevallo; spring creek at Ebenezer Church, a spring brancli in Big Wills Valley, six miles south of Valley Head, all collected by Mr. Smith in 1904, and sent for ex- amination by Mr. Bryant Walker. Pis. limatulum is related to P. punctatum Sterki, but considerably larger, and like that minute Pisidivm, ranges under the Rivulina group. With a little care, it cannot be mistaken for any other species; even half-grown examples are considerably different from P. punctatum. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. LIST OF SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF FRENCHMAN'S BAY, MAINE. By Dwight Blaney (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 23-41). This valuable list of 127 species and 5 varie- ties collected during the summers of 1901-1904, shows what can be done by careful and continuous work, and adds much to our knowl- edge of the distribution of New England marine shells. C. W. J. THE NAUTILUS. Vor,. XVIII. FEBRUARY, 19O5. No. 10. SENSITIVENESS OF CERTAIN SNAILS TO WEATHER CONDITIONS. BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR. While collecting last summer about Cazenovia, N. Y., my atten- tion was constantly drawn to the extreme sensitiveness to atmos- pheric conditions of several species of land snails. I was surprised to rind that upon some clear days collecting was excellent while upon rainy days scarcely a living specimen could be found. Puzzled by this failure of my expectations, I selected for special observation a certain wooded hillside where the prevailing larger types were Polygyra albolabris, tliyroides, dentifcra, Gastrodonta in- tertexta, Omphalina inornata and fuliginosa. I visited the locality from day to day keeping careful note of weather conditions. I found that the periods of greatest activity among these snails were invariably marked by a falling barometer, but these periods began considerably before there were any noticeable meteorological symptoms presaging rain. At the commencement of actual rainfall, the larger Zonitids only remained especially active. Towards the close of a rain period (generally lasting from twelve to twenty-four hours) though before definite signs of clearing were apparent, all the snails disappeared, sometimes almost completely. The bright clear days succeeding a rain epoch were always poor collecting days, even though the woods were left damp and wet from the drenching that only a Cazenovia rain can give. It would appear therefore, that the moisture in the air rather than that upon the ground influenced 110 THE NAUTILUS. the snails. Their extreme sensitiveness was shown by their antici- pation of a weather change from dry to wet, eight to twelve hours before visible signs were given, but what seemed more remarkable was the general withdrawal to shelter of all the snails during a rain period two to three hours before a final clearing of the atmosphere. A village neighbor kept alive all summer a fine large P. albolabris in a small window garden. "Alby's " mistress declared that he was a most reliable barometer and that she could safely accept his weather predictions. The mornings he selected for a stroll beyond the limits of his garden were sure, she alleged, to be followed by thunder- storms in the afternoon. I also observed that upon certain fair days the board sidewalks were covered with Cochh'copa lubrica, hundreds being crushed by pedestrians. I was finally able to verify my theory that these tiny mollusks left their damp retreats beneath the boards from six to eight hours before rain. Indeed, I used the sign frequently to my advantage to regulate my collecting rambles farther afield. I was unable to discover that the small and minute species living habitually under bark and among debris was affected by weather changes, though I have little doubt that closer observation would show them to be considerably influenced by the amount of moisture in the air. The one very noticeable exception to this was in the case of Strobilops. I learned to look for them only in the driving rain, when they all left their usual stations beneath the bark of fallen trees to crawl about in the open. NOTE ON LUCINA (MILTHA) CHILDRENI GRAY AND ON A NEW SPECIES FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. In my synopsis of the Lucinacea (1901, p. 812) on the authority of Dr. Carpenter (Suppl. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1863, pp. 552, 620), I stated that the Phacoides (Miltha) childreni Gray, was a native of the Gulf of California and that the original ascription of it to Brazil was an error. I am indebted to Dr. H. von Ihering of the Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil, for the means of correcting this state- ment, which proves to be mistaken. THE NAUTILUS. Ill The shell was first described as Lucina cltildrense by Gray in the Annals of Philosophy, for 1825, p. 136. Nearly at the same time he referred to its unequal valves in the Zoological Journal, 1, p. 221. In the autumn of the same year Sowerby figured the interior of a right valve in part xxvii of his "Genera" under the name of Lucina childreni. Only in 1828, in the supplement to Wood's Index Testaceologicus, was the shell called Tellina childreni and figured on supplementary plate 1, figure 1. The shell was recently collected at Pernambuco by Senor Alfredo de Carvalho and sent to Dr. Von Ihering, who forwarded a speci- men to the National Museum, thus confirming Gray's original locality. On comparison with specimens from Cape St. Luc:is, named by Carpenter, it became evident that we had to do with two very similar but distinct species. The rarity of the shell is doubt- less responsible for the delay in discovering the mistake. The Brazilian species will of course keep the name given by Gray. To the Cape St. Lucas form we may give the name of Phacoides (Mitthd) xantusi in honor of its discoverer. The differences are only apparent on a close scrutiny. The P. xantusi seems to be a smaller species when adult, more rounded, more equivalved and with a shorter ligament. It has a more or less bifurcate and vermiculate radial sculpture, that of P. childreni being finer, more regular and more distinctly divided into fine con- tinuous radial grooves and a microscopic minor sculpture between them. As in many other Lucinacea, directly under the beaks there is a small impressed area. In P. xantusi this in the right valve projects so as to fill an excavation in the other valve and is so much impressed as to make the beak appear sharper and more produced and to dis- tinctly arcuate the two cardinal teeth. In P. childreni the area is smaller, less impressed, not markedly extended toward the other valve and the teeth remain straight. Outside this area a narrow lunule, concentrically striated and bounded by an incised line, rises almost vertically with a length of 19 mm. and a height of about 2 mm. In the Californian species the lunule is very small and bent vertically downward so that in the closed valves it is excavated and not projecting and has a length of about 6 mm. It is almost wholly confined to the right valve. If my specimens fairly represent the species, the posterior area in the Brazilian shell is proportionately 112 THE NAUTILUS. shorter than in the Californian and the basal margin much more pro- duced. It may be noted that all the figures, including that of Reeve in the Iconica (Lucina pi. iii, fig. 12, 1850), represent the Brazilian species. The group is represented by nine species in the Tertiary of the Southern United States and Lower California, from the Clai- bornian up to the Pliocene. It is interesting to find that the Florida Pliocene, P. caloosana Dall, though smaller, has the upraised lunule like that of Brazil; while the Pliocene, P. juaimis Dall, of San Juan, Lower California (opposite Guaymas), resembles the recent P. xantusi in having the folded lunule"", only, in this case, the margin is more deeply infolded and the shell heavier, more elongate-oval, and about one-fourth smaller. It measures 55 mm. in height by 51 mm. in width; P. xantusi, 71 x 65 mm., and P. childreni. 86 x 77 mm. FURTHER NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF MARTESIA OF THE EASTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Since the publication of my article on the species of Martesia of the Eastern United States, I find I have overlooked two important facts, involving one, and possibly two species. The first is Martesia (Martesiella) frayilis Verrill and Bush (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, p. 777, pi. 79, f. 10, 1898). P^or this species the above new subgenus is proposed, " which differs from Martesia in having a well-defined, elongated, median, dorsal plate, posterior to the umbos, in addition, to the shield-shaped one over them." This seems to be a typical Martesia for the " elongated median, dorsal plate " (meta- plax) is present in all the species. The description of the shell, " umbonal plate" (protoplax), and the figure would indicate that it is very close to or identical with a small specimen of J/. striata Linn. The " specimens were found in a piece of wood floating near Station 2565, N. hit. 37° 23', W. long. 68° 8'," about 500 miles off the coast of North Carolina. The second and more important omission was kindly pointed out by Dr. Dall, who in a recent letter says: " I read your paper in the last NAUTILUS with much interest, but I cannot agree with you in regard to the Pholas semicostata of Lea, for which I proposed the THE NAUTILUS. 113 genus Scyphomya some years ago. It is entirely distinct from Martesia and nearer Zirfaea in some of its characters, but very dis- tinct from either. I have Carolinian specimens, but the shell ap- pears to be rare." The genus Scyphomya was proposed in the Trans. Wagner Free lust. Science, vol. iii, pt. iv, p. 822, 1898, and while I consulted this work I overlooked it from the fact that Dr. Dull places this genus in the sub-family Teredininse, and I only went over that por- tion pertaining to the genus Martesia. From the original descrip- tion, and the figure alone one would feel doubtful in defining the species. I therefore followed Tryon and left it in the synonymy under M. striata. NOTES ON SOME PREOCCUPIED NAMES OF MOLLUSKS. BY W. H. DALL. Prof. Cockerell has kindly called my attention to the fact that the name Parmulina proposed by me Oct. 1, 1902, for a section of Circe, had been used in the same year for a Rhizopod by Penard. Investi- gation showing that the latter author had several months' precedence in publication, the name Parmulophora is proposed for the mollusk. In the same work in which Parmulina was proposed, I note the overworked name of Quadrula used for a Rhizopod. Rafinesque precedes all others in the use of this name, which he applied to a naiad, but it has been used for a Rhizopod, an insect and a crusta- cean. I noticed while looking up the data in the case of Pannulina, that the name Patinella, applied in 1870 by me to Patella mayellanica and its allies, had been previously used by Gray, in 1848, for a polyp. In place of it for the limpet, I suggest Patinigera. A NEW OREOHELIX. BT T. D. A. COCKERELL. Oreohelix strigosa metcalfei, n. subsp. Shell with max. diam. 20 to 21 mm., alt. about 11 mm.; periphery with a strong but rather obtuse keel, just below which is a single brown band ; umbilicus broad, not contracting rapidly within ; the 114 THE NAUTILUS. greyish-olivaceous cuticle is confined to the apical whorls in the adult : the " costulation '" of the apical whorls is evident, and the oblique striation of the last whorl above is very coarse and prominent. Mountains near Kingston, New Mexico (O. B. Metcalfe). One living adult and many dead shells, adult and young. Accompanied by Ashrnunella, Holospira, Vitrea, Helicodiscus, Vallonia and Cochlicopa. NAMES IN THE PUPILLID.K. BY W. H. UALL. In the January NAUTILUS (page 105), Dr. Pilsbry discusses this subject, and incidentally states that in my notes upon it in the Feb- ruary number I corrected some errors, but complicated the question " by a few new ones." I beg to submit, with all deference to Dr. Pilsbry, that it is not I who have introduced the new errors. A more careful examination of Risso, Draparnaud and Pfeiffer, would have shown him that Jaminia muscorum (Drap. not L.} Risso is, as I stated, following Pfeiffer and other European authorities, Papa minutissima Hartmann, and not muscorum Linne. It would be presumptuous in me to attempt for myself a synonymy of the ancient species of common European land shells, which have been worked over with the utmost care for a century by a long line of distinguished students. I did not attempt it, but relied on such respectable authorities as Gray, Draparnaud, and especially Pfeiffer, than whom no one was more careful, erudite, and familiar with the subject. In working out the details of the nomenclature of Pupillidse (a work still in MS.), involving a great amount of labor, I have, as a rule, adopted Pfeiffer's conclusions as to specific identity as entitled to greater weight than any others. The result of a careful historical search through the whole applic- able literature differs in important particulars from Dr. Pilsbry 's table in the January number. It is, of course, true, that Pfeiffer, like other peoplCj is not infallible, nevertheless conclusions based on his identifications deserve a certain amount of respect, and should not be stigmatized as new errors, even if some doubt continue to ex- ist in occasional instances. Risso identified his species by Draparnaud's posthumous mono- graph and its figures, occasionally citing Ferussac and Playfair, and, THE NAUTILUS. 115 under Jaminea, only once any older author. Hence the identifica- tions of Draparnaud's names and figures, which seem to be sufficiently certain, settle definitely the place of Risso's names. This results in the following table for Jaminia : Risso's names. Pfeiffer's identifications. /. muscorum Drap. minutissima Hartmann. marginata Drap. muscorum Linne. edentula Drap. edentula Drap. secale Drap. secule Drap. tridens (L. Gmel.) Drap. tridens Miiller. granum Drap. granum Drap. sulculata Risso. unidentified. trilamellata Risso. '' heterostropha Risso. quadridens Miiller. quinquelamellata Risso. quinquedentata Born. septemdentata Risso. avenacea Brug. heptodonta Risso. unidentified. mnltidentata Risso. polyodon Drap. niso Risso. niso Risso (doubtful). Pfeiffer (Nomenclator, p. 356, No. 108) identifies J. edentula Risso positively with Pupa edentula of authors, but under obscurus also enters the name with a query, probably by some transposition of in- dex slips, since the figure cited by Risso cannot represent obscurus, which is elsewhere well figured by Draparnaud. This results in the inclusion of Sphyradium and the exclusion of the Ena of Dr. Pils- bry's table. Alsea of Jeffreys was proposed for dextral Pupillidse, but as this distinction is practically valueless, we have to fall back on his list of species and proceed by elimination to get the group which will bear the name permanently. The table of equivalents for his original list is as follows in their original order : Jeffreys' names (1830). Pfeiffer's identifications. 1. Pupa marginata Drap. = muscorum L. not Drap. 2. " nitida Jeffreys. = edentulum Drap. 3. •' revoluta Jeffreys. = edentulum var. 4. " cylindrica Jeffreys. = minutissima Hartmann. 5. " vulgaris Jeffreys. = pygmcea Drap. 6. " palustris (Leach MS.) Jeffreys. = antivertigo Drap. 116 THE NAUTILUS. Of these 1 = z Pupilla, 1831 ; 2 and 3 == Sphyradium, 1837 ; 5 and 6 = Vertigo Miiller, 1774 ; leaving only 4, minutissima, which becomes the type. All the eliminations antedate Gray in 1847, who named palastris (== antivertigo} as type too late. Herrmannsen says that muscorum and antivertigo are the types, and that Beck re- stricted it to antivertigo. The latter statement is an error, as Beck did not restrict the group at all, or name any type, giving a hetero- geneous list much like that of Jeffreys. The correction of hordacea " Gabb " to hordeacea " Sterki, not Gabb," may be allowed in view of the data given by Dr. Pilsbry, but, in a general way, when a species, not of the writer's own, is mentioned by an author without further data as type of a new group, it is, I think, essential not to "go behind the returns," as any other way must lead to hopeless confusion. Mv notes in the article referred to, were condensed from some hundred pages of synonymic data, and no attempt was made to give more than the barest outline of the cases cited. Bui in every case good reasons can be adduced for the position taken, though no one is less ready to claim infallibility than the present author. THE PUPILLID.E OF EISSO AND JEFFREYS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The first attempt at a difficult and involved problem often falls short of a complete solution, through the omission of some obscure or apparently irrelevant factor bearing upon the matter; but the work done clears the way for another student to approach the task more advantageously. A discussion like the present one upon the Pupae is not properly to be called a controversy. It is a symposium, to which various students bring their several portions of fact, observa- tion and deduction, to the end that harmonious structure may be built more symmetrical than any formed by a single effort. My former paper upon Pupillidse (NAUTILUS, January, p. 105), was faulty in two respects: first, in ascribing " new errors" to Dr. Dall, for I propose to show that the errors largely antedate his work, and second, in my failure to give at length my reasons for certain identifications of some of Risso's names. These reasons I will pro- THE NAUTILUS. 117 ceed to give, so far as they relate to species about which there is any difference of opinion. Dr. Ball's identifications of Risso's list of species of Jiuninia agree with those given by me except for the following four species: Risso's name. Ball's table (p. 115). Pilsbry's table (p. lor.). (1) J. muse or urn. minutissima Hartm. P. muscorum L. (2) J. marginata. muscorum L. P. umbilicata Dr. (3) J. edentula. edentula Drap. B. obscurus Miill. (4) J. quinquelamellnta. quinquedentata Born. P. cinerea. My reasons for the names given in the third column follow : (1). /. muscorum. The identity of this shell is at first sight not very clear. Risso refers to Drap., who (very badly), figures P. minutissima under the name muscorum ; but Risso's description does not at all fit minutissima, nor does the size given. Bourguignat, who examined the Risso specimens, refers them positively to the P. mus corum of L., as understood at the present time, and the description agrees with this species. Risso's specimens would fall in the form 'l unideiitata" Risso describing it as with a very small posterior la- mella. The evidence obtained by a careful study of the original work therefore shows that Risso did not have P. minutissima. (2) J. marginata. Risso gives three references: " Drap. 61, 6, iii, 36, 38. Feruss. 59, 475. Playf. 59, 9, iii, 23, 24," all of them pertaining to forms of muscorum L. " Playf." is not Playfair, as might be supposed, but Risso's curious conception of the name Pfeiffer ; the work referred to being Carl Pfeiffer's Systematische Anordnung und Beschreibung deutscher Land und Wasser-Schnecken (1821). Pfeiffer is elsewhere referred to as " Pleyfel !" Risso says that the peritreme is provided with a long acute lamella posteriorly on the right. This cannot be made to fit any form of muscorum, but applies perfectly to umbilicata Drap.; and Bourguig- nat referred Risso's specimens, which he examined, to that species. (3) /. edentula. This is described by Risso as witli eight whorls, toothless aperture, and ten mm. long, so it clearly is not Sphyradium edentulum, as Dall supposes. It is obvious that the reference to Draparnaud's P. edentula was an error. These and the other char- acters given by Risso agree with Buliminus obscurus (Ena obscura), 118 THE NAUTILUS. which occurs at Nice ; and Bourguignat, who examined Risso's col- lection, has recorded this identification. (4) The last of the four cases is only a nominal disagreement, the two names referring to one and the same species. I used that of cinerea Drap. because grave doubt has been cast upon the identity of Born's quinquedentata with the form so named by many later authors, while " Pupa cinerea " is a common name for the form in collections. This disposes of all the cases in question, and so far as I can see, the name Jaminia will be retained for Risso's second species J. mar- ginata Risso = Pupa umbilicata Drap. It will be noted that Dall, in his first article, also selects Risso's second species as type, but as he was misled by a wrong identification of marginata Risso, he did not use the name for the same group. Jaminia is a genus of the " European system " with no species in America. It has a great superficial resemblance to Pupilla, but with some extraordinary characters certainly entitling it to generic rank. I am not concerned to show whether or not Pfeiffer correctly identified Draparnaud's figures, but I fully share Dr. Dall's confi- dence in his general accuracy. While there is no doubt that Risso, like everybody else at that time, identified his shells largely by Drap- arnaud's volume, yet his names do not rest for identification solely upon the references to Draparnaud any more than Binney's species rest upon the references he cites. Primarily, they rest upon the de- scriptions given by Risso himself. To identify Risso's species by the references to Draparnaud's figures presumes absolute accuracy of identification on Risso's part. Therefore, in discrediting the identifi- cations as given by Dr. Dall, I am not questioning Pfeiffer's relia- bility in the least. I am simply recording a few of the mistaken identifications of Risso, who, it is acknowledged by all who have used his work, was careless to a degree. Dr. Dall, in using Risso's list, considers it necessary to point out what his species really are in terms of Pfeiflferian nomenclature. But it seems to me that the very foundation of the subsequent struc- ture is involved in getting at the actual identity of the species in question. Otherwise conclusions based upon the list are without permanence. The names can either be taken as they stand in Risso, or they can be really corrected. No half-way correction of the list of species goes to the root of the matter. There probably cannot be found a zoologist of experience in the world who will support the THE NAUTILUS. 1 10 method of identifying Risso's species by means of Pfeiff'er's identifi- cations of Draparnaud's figures, as opposed to the method by the study of Risso's own descriptions. In my opinion, any sound work based upon Risso must begin with a study of his descriptions, specimens in hand. In the case of non- marine forms, the task has been materially lightened by Bourguignat, who examined and reported upon Risso's collection; but even with this, it is safest to check up all points with the shells and descriptions themselves. In the matter of Alsea Jeffreys, a few words may not be amiss. I hold that when an author distinctly indicates a certain group by his diagnosis, the mere inclusion of some heterogeneous species should not be allowed to totally pervert his intention. This is common law, and good law too. Now Jeffreys defines Alsea as having short lamella? in the mouth (making no 'provision for toothless forms in his diagnosis); and he expressly states that Alsea is separated from Vertigo because the shell is dextral (the type of Vertigo being sinis- tral). Now there are still authors who hold that the dextral Vertigines need a subgeneric or sectional name, and from the time of Gray (1847) to the last Catalog of Westerlund (1890) the name Alsea, with the type antivertigo has been more or less constantly in use. I do not think that Dr. Dall can brush aside these facts by stigmatiz- ing the distinction for which the name has always stood as " practi- cally valueless," and proceed to fasten a totally new significance upon it. Quite a respectable company of conchologists of high rank, including Pfeiffer (in the Nomenclator Hel. Viv.), find use for Alsea in the sense established by Gray, as set forth in my former note. I do not wish to be understood to break a lance in support of the value of Alsea as a division of Vertigo ; butadivision adopted by Pfeiffer and other high authorities is at least entitled to respectful consideration. It seems inadvisable to use the name of such division for a totally different group, at all events until malacologists recognize a Supreme Authority who shall pronounce once for all upon what distinctions are "practically valueless," — a consummation remote from this con- tentious generation. The facts are, in short, as follows : (1) Jeffreys regarded the toothed forms of his list as typical of his group. Gray in 1847 selected one of these, P. antivertigo, as type, that species never be- 120 THE NAUTILUS. fore having been selected as a genotype. (2) This usage has ob- tained currency by numerous authors, while the name has never been used in any other sense. (3) Ball (1904) ignores this use of the name, and selects a new type which disagrees wholly with the origi- nal diagnosis, though included by Jeffreys in the original list of species. The cases of Jaminia and Alcea are now respectfully submitted for the judgment of conchological and nomenclatorial experts. NOTES AND NEWS. We regret to announce the death of Rev. E. H. Ashmun, which occurred at San Rafael, California, Dec. 21, 1904. We hope to give a further notice next month. MR. FREDERICK PRICE MARRAT died at Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1904, at the age of 84. " For more than 40 years Mr. Marrat had been connected with the Liverpool Museum, where he worked in conjunction with the late Mr. T. J. Moore and the Rev. H. H. Higgins, a trio of enthusiastic museum workers who con- tributed so greatly to the building up of the magnificent collection in the Liverpool Museum. Mr. Marrat paid special attention to the geological, mineralogical and conchological collections, his most in- timate work being connected with conchology, not only the concho- logical collection in the Liverpool museum being named by him, but also similar collections in various museums, and also in private houses. He was the principal authority on the genus Oliva, of which he acquired a very extensive series, and contributed monographs to Reeve's Conchologica Iconica and to Sowerby's Thesaurus Concliy- liorum, as well as to many periodicals and other publications on the mollusca." — (Museums Journal, Dec., 1904.) PUBLICATIONS KECEIVED. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTH AFRICA (PELECYPODA). By G. B. Sowerby (From " Marine Investigations in South Africa, Vol. iv). Thirty-three new species are described and figured on two plates. THE NAUTILUS, XVIII PLATE VIII. EDWARD H. ASHMUN. THE NAUTILUS. Voi,. XVIII. MARCH, 19O5. No. 11 EDWARD H. ASHMUN. Rev. Edward Houghton Ashmun, was horn at Tallmadge, Sum- mit Co., Oliio, March 12, 1S53. Most of liis boyhood was spent there, his father being a farmer. When seventeen he moved with liis father to Weeping Water, Nebraska. As time went on, he became strongly impressed with a desire, to enter the ministry, and toward that end went to Tabor College, at Tabor, Iowa, where he graduated in 1879, and entered the Yale Divinity School, finishing in 1882. He was pastor of the Congregational Church at Syracuse, and Beatrice, Nebraska, after which he was called to the Boulevard Church in Denver, Colorado, which became very prosperous under his ministry. In 1892 he was appointed to the position of Home Missionary Superintendent of Arizona and New Mexico, in which position he remained six years, and then Pastor Superintendent of Arizona for two years, residing at Jerome, Arizona. It was during his residence in the southwest that Mr. Ashmun became interested in studying the land shells of that region, and made many rare and interesting discoveries. Collecting in this arid region is laborious and rarely as remunerative as in the more fertile sections. The molluscan fauna is largely confined to the higher mountains, the only situation where there is sufficient moisture for snail life; species are thus widely separated and insulated by the lower and arid wastes, thus presenting as many interesting problems in distribution as exist in true insular faunas. Under the above conditions lives a group of snails, with shells like those of Polygyra, but. anatomically very distinct, and nearer related to Sonorella, 122 THE NAUTILUS. which on the other hand is related to Epiphraymophora. To this group of shells Messrs. Pilsbry and Cockerell, gave the name of Ashmunella* in recognition of his valuable field work. Mr. Ashmun also discovered a number of new Pupidae, etc. as shown by the follow- ing list of new species collected by him in that region : — Bifidaria perversa Sterki. Ashtmmella rhyssa Dall. Bifidaria quudridentata Sterki. Ashmunella miorhyssa Dall. Bifidaria ashmuni Sterki. Ashmunella ashmuni Dall. Bifidaria hordeacella parvidens Ashmunella pseudodonta Dall. Sterki. Ashmunella pseudodonta capita- Pupilla sonorana Sterki. nensis A. & C. Pupilla sonoranatendla Sterki. Agriolimax ashmuni Pils. &Van. Pyramidula cockerelli Pils. Sonorella ashmuni Bartseh. Mr. Ashmun's article on " Collecting in Arizona and New Mexico" (THE NAUTILUS, xiii, p. 13, 1899) is very interesting and gives a good idea of the difficulties which attend collecting in that region. Conjointly with Prof. Cockerell he described a new sub- species of Ashmunella ( A . pseudodonta capitanensis}. It was collected on the Capitan Mts., New Mexico, at an elevation of 8,200 feet. (NAUT. xii, p. 131, 1899). During his last year in Arizona his health began to fail, and he moved to Idaho, .hoping that the change would benefit him, but after two years as pastor of the church at Weiser, he had to give up his charge, and after a time was obliged to go to a sanitarium, where he remained ten weeks and was apparently cured of the stomach trouble with which he had been suffering. He was advised to live out of doors as much as possible for two years, and was appointed to inves- tigate the mosquito pest at San Rafael, California. This seemed to furnish the outdoor life he needed, and he improved for a time, but in the fall caught a cold and finally had to give up. He was threatened with paralysis from the first, and it seemed that his nerve exhaustion was complete. He again went to a sanitarium, but nothing could be done. He died December 21, 1904, and was interred at Santa Rosa, California. He was married in 1890 to Miss Anna L. Lyman, daughter of the Rev. Addison Lyman of Kellogg, Iowa, who with a son, Henry G. Ashmun, a bright boy of twelve, survives him, and to whom we ten- der our sincere sympathy. C. W. J. * The NAUTILUS, XII, p. 107; Proc. Academy Nat. Science for 1899, p. 188, and for 1900, p. 107. THE NAUTILUS. 123 SOME NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. In assorting some mixed material from California a number of new species were noted; arid, as it lias become necessary to refer to some of them by name, the following preliminary diagnoses are given. Leda amblia n. sp. U. S. Fish Commission station 4f>17, Monterey Bay. Shell chalky under a polished dark olive-green periostracum, compressed, rostrate, concentrically and feebly irregularly striatc, with obscure microscopic radial lines; lunule narrow, lanceolate; escutcheon, long, wide smooth and slightly concave, the valve margins rising slightly in the median line; valves bluntly rounded in front, bluntly truncate behind, the rostrate portion not set off from the body by any con- striction, and the radial subangular lines which bound the rostral area are feeble and obscure ; interior whitish, with a deep subumbonal impression, a very shallow and obscure pallial sinus, very short siphons, 12 or 13 anterior, 18 or 1!) posterior normal hinge teeth, with a narrow, back ward ly oblique socket for the resilium. Lon. of adult shell 18. 0; alt. 9.5; diam. 5.5 ; vertical of the beaks behind anterior end, 7.0 mm. This has much the general form of L. leonis, Pall, but wants the prominent sculpture and is of a different color. Magilia, perattmuata n. sp. Monterey Bay, 10-45 fins., Woodworth. Shell small, very slender, with one smooth turgid nuclear, and six smooth normal whorls; the whorls are but slightly convex, whitish, the suture very distinct, its posterior margin slightly overhanging or dominant; aper- ture narrow, short, simple, the outer lip slightly concavely waved between the periphery and the suture, canal short, a little recurved^ relatively rather wide. Lon. of shell 9.5 ; of last whorl 3.75 ; max. diam. 2.5 mm. A single specimen sent by Mr. Woodworth is broken and dead, but its characters are not shared by any other species from the Coast as far as now known. Ad mete woodwortki n. sp. Monterey Bay, 10-45 fms., Woodworth. Shell small, thin, whitish, with a yellow-brown periostracum, five normal, sculptured, and one 124 I'll K NAUTII 1,'S. smooth, turgid nuclear \vhorl, gradually increasing, suhtal nlaie by a prominent spiral thread at the shoulder \\hile }oui>g, rounded at the last whorl, with S or 9 obscure riblets on the upper part of the spire, which are obsolete on the last whorl and a halt'; spiral sculpture of rounded threads, with wider flattish, somewhat irregular interspaces; peristome continuous with a sliglit notch or sulcus near the end of the nearly straight pillar, and with no umbilicus; there are two ob- scure plaits on the pillar, which is not marked by any umbilical chink or fissure; aperture with the external sculpture modifying the margin, but no lirations. Lon. of shell 9.0; of aperture 4.0; max. diam 4.5 mm. This is less strongly sculptured, more slender and with a less ar- cuate pillar than any of the other Admetes of the coast, and belongs in the group half way between such Cancellarias as C. modesta and Admete graciiior Carpenter. It has very much the form of C. cii- cumcarinata Dall, on a smaller scale and with a more acute spire. Erato albesccns n. sp. U. S. Fish commission station 4431, California. Shell whitish, thin and polished, with four whorls ; the spire low and nearly covered with a thin glaze extending from near the aperture ; shell bluntly pyriform with a wide mouth, smooth pillar, the outer lip thickened, obscurely marginate externally, with about nine obscure distant den- ticulations internally, pillar short, twisted, with a flaring edge and almost gyrate axis; the body with a thin wash of callus, but, in the type no sign of pustulation. Lon. of shell 15.0; of aperture 13.5;. max. diam. 10.0 mm. This succeeds E. vitellina Hinds as the largest species of the genus and is a much thinner and lighter shell, beside differing in color. Scissurella (Schizotrochus) kelseyi n. sp. California at U. S. Fish Com. Station 4353, also off San Diego. Shell large for the genus, trochif'orm, white, with about four rounded whorls, sculptured with fine (forwardly convex) arcuate threads or raised lines, which above the fasciole are spirally micro- scopically striate, and on the base, with somewhat regularly spaced and stronger spirals ; the fasciole is narrow, slightly above the periphery, bounded by two sharp, very thin, elevated keels; the slit Ml K N A i: TILUS. 1 25 extends iiliout one-iiftli of the circumference of the la.»t wliorl. Tie aperture is nearly circular, interrupted for a short distance by the body, the inner lip slightly reflected over a small umbilicus ; the operculuta is multispiral and pale yellow. Alt. of shell 0.0 ; of aperture, 3.0 ; max. diam., 5.5 mm. This species is somewhat like S. umbilicata Jeffreys from the North Atlantic, but is larger, more strongly sculptured and more elevated proportionately. It is the second species of the family to he described from the Pacific Coast ; the other Schismope rimuloides Carpenter having been reported from San Diego and Mazatlan. It is named in honor of Prof. F. W. Kelsey, of San Diego, to whose interest in the local mollusks we owe several additions to that fauna. CRITICAL NOTES ON THE SMALLER LYMNAEAS. FRANK COLLINS BAKER. The small forms of Lymnrea, which have been included under the names of humilis and desidiosa, have been little understood by Amer- ican conchologists, at least two good species being included in humilis. A recent somewhat exhaustive study of these small forms has led the writer to conclusions diametrically opposed to those held by Binney and Tryon and most subsequent students of fresh-water mollusks. In pursuing these studies, the types of Say's and Lea's species in Philadelphia and Washington have been examined, and in addition the collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Bryant Walker, Detroit, Michigan, Mr. Henry Hemphill, San Diego, California, Mr. J. H. Ferriss, Joliet, Illinois, and the Chicago Academy of Sciences have been studied. My thanks are due to the above-named gentlemen for the use of their collections, and also to Dr. W. H. Dall, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, Mr. Paul Bartsch and Mr. E. G. Vanatta, for much valu- able assistance and kind criticism. Lymnsea humilis Say. Lymnseus /inmilfs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, p. 378, 1822. Lymnea grijjfithiana Lea, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soo., II, p. 33, 1* II. 126 THE NAUTILUS. Lymnea linsleyi DeKay, N. Y. Moll., p. 72, pi. iv, fig. 74, 1843. Lymnea lecontii Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad., p. 112, 1864. In this species American conchologists .have confused several seemingly valid species. Say's types (two specimens) preserved in the Philadelphia Academy, came from South Carolina and agree fairly well with Binney's figure 99, in Land and Fresh-Water Shells of North America. The South Carolina specimens are a trifle nar- rower and less rotund than specimens from the north. Humilis is of good size, with regularly rounded whorls, a broadly conical spire, impressed sutures, 5-5^ whorls, aperture elongate-ovate and a trifle less in length than the spire. The last whorl is somewhat inflated, and the umbilical chink very distinct, being more open in some specimens than in others. The surface is marked by lines of growth, and in some specimens from Maine by elevated spiral ridges. The fine impressed sculpture of some Lymnteas (as columella) is absent in this species, as well as in the others mentioned below. Typical measurements are as follows : aperture length 4.50 width 4.75 width 2.75 mill. aperture length 4.50 aperture length 3.50 width 2.75 mill. width 2.50 mill. Length 9.00 (Say's type.) Length 8.50 ; width 4.00 (Chicago.) Length 7.50 ; width 4.25 (Maine.) Small forms of Lymncea cubensis Pfeiff'er, resemble humilis ; cubensis has a wider, more solid shell, a more open umbilicus, and the expansion of the columella is broader and of a different form, as is #lso the aperture. L. humilis is found from Maine to California, and from Canada to Mexico. Lymncea parva Lea. Lymnea par v a Lea, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, p. 33, 1841. Lymnea curta Lea, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, p. 33, 1841. This is a very small species, in fact the sm/Ulest of the Lymnaeas. It differs from humilis in its diminutive size, and in the very differ- ent form of the shell, which is solid, translucent, turreted ; color light brown or yellowish-white ; whorls 4^-5 ; these are more con- vex than in humilis, caused by the more deeply impressed sutures ; the spire forms an acute pyramid in some specimens, and a broad THE NAUTILUS. 127 pyramid in others, and is considerably lunger than the aperture ; tlie aperture is roundly elliptical and almost continuous, differing mark- edly in this respect from kumilis ; the inner lip is more erect in the present species, which causes the umbilicus to be round, deep and open. The umbilical region is gracefully rounded. Typical ex- amples measure as follows : Length 6.00; width 3.00; aperture length 3.00; width 1.7.1 mill. (Indiana.) Length 6.00; width 3.00; aperture length 2.50; width 1.25 mill. (Penn.) Length 5.50; width 3.00; aperture length 2.75; width 1.50 mill. (Ills.) This species is widely distributed, being found from Maine to Cali- fornia and from Canada to Mexico. Lymncp.a desidiosa Say var. modicella Say. Lymseus modicellus Say, Jour. Phil. Acad., V, p. 122, 1825. Say described this species from two specimens which are still pre- served in the Philadelphia Academy. It would seem to be distinct enough to be recognized at least as a variety of desidiosa, to which it is more closely allied than to Int mills. The principle characteris- tics are the short, dome-shaped spire, the regular elongate-ovate aper- ture and the large size of the last whorl as compared with the spire. The umbilical chink is narrowly open and there is a small plait on the columella. Typical specimens measure as follows: Length 8.50; width 4.75; aperture length 4.75; width 2.75 mill. (Say's type.) Length 7.75; width 3.25; aperture length 4.50; width 2.25 mill. (Berry Lake.) Length 7.00; width 3.50; aperture length 4.50; width 2.00 mill. (Berry Lake.) The range of this form, as far as known, is from Ontario to Oregon and south to Texas. It has been found in Big Payette Lake, Idaho, at an altitude of 5,000 feet above the sea level. The forms described by Dr. Lea as L. plica, planulata, exigua and ruslica seem to be absolute synonyms of desidiosa, some of these being, in all probability, immature forms. The types of exigua and ruslica are not in existence, so far as known. They are not in the Philadelphia Academy nor in the Smithsonian Institution. 128 rn !•; NA UTILUS. A NEW SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 1JY V. STEKKI. Pis. atlanticum, n. sp. Mussel of medium size, somewhat inequipartite, oblique, short, an- gular, rather well inflated : superior margin, moderately to rather strongly curved, with the angles at the scutum and scutellum pro- jecting and more or less rounded ; supero-anterior slope well marked, steep, slightly curved to almost straight, anterior end a rounded angle situated low; posterior part high, posterior margin (squarely) truncate to subtruncate to rounded, inferior well curved; beaks some- what nearer the posterior end, rounded, prominent over the hinge margin, rather variable; surface dull to somewhat shining, with strife very fine and crowded over the beaks and somewhat coarser towards the margins ; color straw or whitish to pale horn to grayish or brownish ; shell opaque to more or less translucent, rather thin, nacre glassy to whitish ; inner surface densely rugulose within the pallial line, muscle insertions distinct ; hinge rather slight, curved, plate narrow ; cardinal teeth : the right curved to angular, its pos- terior part thicker and grooved, the left anterior short, angular, the posterior oblique, short, slightly curved, thin, less projecting than the anterior; lateral teeth rather slight, the inner cusps of the right valve not pointed, the outer quite small, those of the left valve pointed, not very abrupt ; ligament slight. Size: long. 4.3, alt. 3.8, diam. 2.6 mill. Size: long. 4.5, alt. 3.9, diam. 3.1 mill. Habitat : New York to Florida and Mexico: Cedarville, N. Y., sent by Mr. Walter Webb (No. 4853*), Lynchburg, Va., sent by Mr. J. B. Henderson, from Sanderson Smith (No. 654), Lake Jessup, Fla., 'sent by Mr. Bryant Walker (No. 3002); pools near We- tumpka, Ala., sent by the same, collected by Mr. Smith in 1904 (No. 4963), De Kalb, Bowie Co., Tex., collected and sent by Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss (No. 466), Texolo, Vera Cruz, Mexico, sent by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry (No. 4746). From most places there were good numbers of specimens, young to full-grown. Although evidently all of one species, the specimens show considerable variation in regard * Of my collection of Cycladidfe. T1IK NAUTILUS. 1 29 to size, shape, relative size and prominence of the leaks, stria; ami appearance of the surface, color, transluceney or opacity of the shell. Some of the full-grown examples are straw-colored all over, others horn or arayish with a broad or narrow light zone along the margins. None of the different forms can be regarded and described as typical and the others as varietal since they are connected by in- tergradations. In younger specimens, the superior margin is gener- ally less curved, the anterior and posterior more so than in the adult. The rugosity of the inner surface of the shell is like that of Pis, nnv- eboracense, although microscopical, much coarser than e. g. in P. variabile Pr. and compression Pr. Pis. atlanlicum seems nearest related to P. noveboracense, but the mussel is shorter, its posterior part comparatively higher, the supero- anterior slope is steeper and the color is different. SOME NOTES ON BERMUDIAN MOLLUSKS. BY OWEN BRYANT. Dr. Pilsbry, in his article on " The Air-breathing Molhisks of the Bermudas " in Transactions of the Connecticut Academy (Vol. X, part 2, p. 493, Sept., 1900) says: ''From the data supplied by Prof. Verrill's expedition and that of Prof. Heilprin, it seems that Val- lonia pulchella, Gecilioides acicula, Agriolimax laevis and Physa a cut a rest upon single records now nearly twenty years old, and they may not have permanently colonized ; but as none of them are conspicu- ous forms, and no special collectors of land shells have sought for them, the merely negative evidence is inconclusive." In this connection it is interesting to note that Physa acuta Drap., was found by Mr. Davis and recorded in the NAUTILUS (Vol. XVII, p. 125, Mar., 1904). Gecilioides acicula Mull, and Vnl- lania pulchella Mull, were found by Mr. Addison Gulick and myself on the grounds of the Hotel Frascati, while studying at the Ber- muda Biological Station in July and August, 1903. A careful search would very likely reveal Agriolimax laevis Miill. Vallonia pulchella (Miill.). First recorded by Jones, 187G. (The Visitor's Guide to Her- 130 THE NAUTILUS. i muda, by J. M. Jones. Halifax, 1876, p. 138). It occurs also in the lists of Bland, 1881 (In Wallace's Island Life, p. 256) and of Heilprin, 1889 (The Bermuda Islands, p. 182). I found it scarce under loose stones on the grass near the Frascati. Cecilioides acicula Mull. First recorded by Bland in 1861 (Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of N. Y., VII, p. 351). Also recorded by Jones in 1876. I first found a dead shell of this species in looking over some red earth at the laboratory. Later I discovered thirty-five or more on the ground under an overhanging stone about 100 feet from the first locality. Most of these were either alive or recently dead. The soft parts were drawn up above the body whorl. It probably lives in the grass. For the identification of this species I am indebted to Mr. Paul Bartch who kindly compared specimens with those in the National Museum. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). This species is apparently unrecorded; a considerable number were on the under side and in the crevices of a large rotten log in a bamboo thicket near the Frascati. They are somewhat lighter and yellower than New England specimens. Vftrea lucida (Drap.) The first mention of this species is made by Prof. A. E. Verrill (Trans. Conn. Acad. Vol. xi, pt. 2. p. 733, fig. 81), who says: The fresh shells of this species were found in large numbers by Mr. A. H. Verrill in March 1901, in a garden at Hamilton but none were living. The last whorl of many of the shells was distorted and rough, as if the conditions had been unfavorable for some time before death. Perhaps the weather was too dry. It is doubtful therefore whether it has succeeded in establishing itself permanently in the islands. It is a native of southern Europe." I found this species very abundant in the Botanical Garden, at Hamilton. They were on the ground and under leaves in flower beds, and beside a wall where shrubs and vines were growing. Many were alive though a large proportion showed the distortion which Professor Verrill speaks of and which is well shown in the figure he gives. THK NAUTILI;^. 131 Vitrea lucida seems now to have become a part of the fauna of the Bermudas. In closing I take pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to Mr. A. Gulick for his kind assistance in the determination of the species named above, and to Dr. Pilsbry for the final determination of Vitrea lucida and Zonitoides arboreus. NOTES. PENNSYLVANIAN SNAILS AND THE STATE ZOOLOGIST. — In the last Monthly Bulletin of the Division of Zoology of the Pennsyl- vania State Department of Agriculture (Vol. II, no. 8), Prof. H. A. Surface, the State Economic Zoologist, remarks (p. 245) : " Since very little has been written concerning the molluscan life in Penn- sylvania, we may at some future time prepare a Bulletin upon this particular subject," etc., etc. As most of the common non-marine mollusks of the Eastern States were described by Thomas Say from Pennsylvanian examples, and there have been articles bearing on our mollusks published at pretty short intervals for almost a century, we had somehow gotten the idea that a good deal had been " written concerning molluscan life in Pennsylvania." To be told that all that conchologists have done upon Pennsylvanian mollusks in a hundred years looks " very little " in the official eye of the State Zoologist, is discouraging. He must be looking for something the size of the Encyclopedia Britannica. We are on the watch for that promised Bulletin. Califomian Nudibranchs. — The publication of Dr. MacFarland's preliminary account of the Doridida? (sens, latiss.) of Monterey Bay (Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., Feb., 1905), is an event of no little im- portance to malacology. Out of twenty species, fifteen are new, three belonging to new genera. Two of the new genotypes I had in hand in 1901, and prepared descriptions; but I learned by corre- spondence with Dr. MacFarland that he had them earlier, and had studied their anatomy. I can, however, cite localities extending their range far southward. Hopkinsia rosacea, MacF., was collected by Miss V. Thomas at La Jolla, Aug. 3, 1901. The specimen was apparently immature, being only about 12 mm. long, with only 5 branchial plumes. Its color was a brilliant crimson, the dorsal pro- 132 THE NAUTILUS. / cesses somewhat paler, and tipped with white. Laila cockcrelli, MacF.. was taken by my wife as far south as La Jolla, while Mrs. Oldroyd showed me one dredged at San Diego by Prof. Kof'oid — T. D. A. COCKERELL. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT OF THE DORIDID.E OF MONTEREY BVY, CALIFORNIA. By F. M. MACFARLAND. (Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington, XVIII, pp. 35-54, Feb. 2, 1905.) It is with pleasure that we announce the publication of this paper. The nudibranchs have been sadly neglected on the Pacific coast, and we shall look forward with much interest to the series of systematic ami morphological papers soon to appear. The present paper con- tains the descriptions of 20 species, including three new genera (Montereina, Laila and Hopkinsia) and the following new species : Montereina nobilts, Discodoris fieathi, Rostanga pulchra, Cndlina maryinata, C. flcwomaculata, Doriopsis fulva, Aegires albopunctatus, Laila cockerelli, Triopha maculata, T. grandis, Polycera atra, Acanthodoris hudsoni, A. brunnea, Ancnln pacifica, Hopkinsia rosacea. — C. W. J. DESCRIPTION OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES AND ONE VARIETY OF MARINE GASTROPODA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, GULF OF OMAN AND ARABIAN SEA. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL. (Jour. Malacology, XI, pp. 79-86, pi. vii, 1904.) MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, MIOCENE — This magnificent work on the Miocene of Maryland, consists of a volume of text of 543 pages (pp. 130 to 401 being devoted to mollusca), and another volume of 126 plates, 69 of which contain illustrations of mollusca. The introductory chapters are by Drs. Wm. B. Clark, Geo. B. Shattuck and Wm. H. Dall ; while the systematic portion represents the work of several specialists. The Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Amphineura and Scaphopoda are described by Dr. G. C. Martin, the total number of forms described being about 220, of which 68 repre- sents new species or varieties. A new subgenus of Canceflaria (Can- cellariella) is proposed. The Pelecypoda are described by Dr. L. C. Glenn, 185 species are recorded, of which 32 are new. Most of the beautiful drawings represent the work of the late Dr. J. C. Mc- Connell. C. W. J. ?HE NAUTILUS, XVIII. PLATE IX. 6 WALKER: NEW VIVIPARID/E AND UNIONID/E. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVIII. APRIL, 1905. No. 12 LIST OF SHELLS FROM NORTHWESTERN FLORIDA. BY BRYANT WALKER. In the fall of 1902, Messrs. G. F. & B. H. King of Mimsville, Ga., to whom we are indebted for the discovery of several new spe- cies of Unionidce recently described in the Nautilus, took a wagon trip of more than one hundred miles from their home into western Florida. No land shells were collected. The list of fluviatile spe- cies, however, though not large, is of considerable interest, especially as there are practically no records from that part of the state. En- tering Florida at Neal's Landing, the Chipola River was struck at Marianna. From there the route continued southwesterly to Econfina on Econfine Creek. No Unionidse were found in the Econfine, but in a tributary called Moccasin Creek, several species occurred. The Chipola River is a branch of the Flint River. Econ- fine Creek flows directly into St. Andrew's Bay. Ampullaria depressa Say, Chipola River. Vivapara yeorgiana Lea, " " Campeloma genicida Con., " " and Mud Creek, a trib- utary of the Econfine. Lioplax pihbryi, n. sp. PI. ix. figs. 1, 2 and 3. Chipola River (type locality), Econfine Creek, and Mud Creek, Fla. Shell elevated, turreted, imperforate, rather thin, olive-green above, becoming almost black on the body whorl with numerous dark 134 THE NAUTILUS. strigations : whorls seven, ventricpse, moderately increasing above, rapidly so toward the base, those of the spire carinated with a sloping shoulder, lower whorls sub-carinate, flattened above and strongly shouldered ; lines of growth strong, decussated by numerous, closely set, elevated, transverse lines; , suture very deep; aperture rather large, very oblique, regularly oval, sides nearly parallel, regularly rounded above and below; outer lip thin, drawn back above and somewhat sinuous ; inner lip closely appressed throughout. Alt. (Fig. 1 apex eroded) 30, width 18 mm. « '< 2 " 28 " 20 " This fine species, the largest yet known of the genus, was found in some abundance in the Chipola River. Only a few occurred at the other localities. It differs from all the described forms in its size and peculiar com- bination of characters. Young specimens of about five whorls, except in being imperforate, slightly wider and more strongly transversly striate, closely resemble striate specimens of L. sub- carinata in shape, the shouldering and carination of the whorls being almost exactly the same. But with increase of growth the shape becomes entirely different and the mature shell in general ap- pearance approaches Lea's L. elliottii, but differs from that species in being very much larger, proportionately wider, with the lower whorl more flatly shouldered, with transverse raised lines and imperforate axis. I take great pleasure in naming it after Dr. Pilsbry. Goniobasis catenaria Say. Chipola River and Econfine Creek. li dooleyensis Lea. " " " This species is apparently one of the characteristic forms of the Flint river drainage system. Originally described from Vienna in Dooley County, Ga., the Messrs. King have found it in great, abund- ance in Rawle's Spring and Dry Creek, Early County, and in the Chickasawahatchee Creek, Baker County. From Mr. A. C. Billups, I have also received it from the Flint River. On the present trip it was found in both the Chipola and Econfine. UNIONID^E FROM THE CHIPOLA RIVER. Medionidus kingii B. H. Wr. Lampsilis paulus Lea. " subangulatus Lea. THE NAUTILUS. 135 Lampsilis claibornensis Lea. " lienosus Con. Not typical ; referrable to Lea's caligino- sus. " lienosus unicostatus H. B, Wr. " vibex Con. (approaching var. nigrinus Lea.) Anodonta gibbosa Say, Unio singularis B. H. Wr. " arctatus tortivus Lea. Very abundant and extremely vari- able. " coruscus Gld. " nigellus Lea var.? Very close to some forms of the variable arctatus tortivus Lea. " curvatus Lea, a single young shell is thus named by Mr. W. A. Marsh Sr. It is quite similar to young specimens of the Moccasin Creek forin referred to obnubilis (nolani) by Mr. Marsh, but differs in being rather more elongated, more pointed and less broadly rounded posteriorly. Unio chipolaensis, n. sp. PI. ix. figs. 6 and 7. Shell ovate, not very thick, somewhat inflated in the umbonal region, evenly rounded before and triangulate behind with a slight emargination just above the superior posterior angle ; dorsal margin decidedly curved, basal margin slightly but regularly curved, epidermis smooth, chestnut-colored, darkening to black on the umbos, with several darker lines indicating arrested periods of growth. Umbonal slope well rounded towards the beaks, but flattening out and becoming slightly biangulate posteriorly. Beaks prominent, apparently incurved when perfect. Cardinal teeth compressed, crenulate; those in the left valve are nearly in a straight line. Lateral teeth rather long, slender and slightly curved. Cicatrices distinct. Cavity of the beaks large and rounded. Nacre salmon- color, darker anteriorly. Length 32, width 56.5, diam. 22 mm. Chipola River, Fla. This species is a member of group of U. buckleyi and is disting- uished by smooth, chestnut epidermis, entirely without rays, but ornamented with concentric dark bands such as occur in Pleurobema chattanoogaensis, inflated umbonal slope, prominent beaks and bian- gulated posterior extremity with a slight emargination above. It is related to some forms of U. burtchianus B. H. Wr, but differs in 136 THE NAUTILUS. being less elongated and more inflated with more prominent beaks. The color both of the epidermis and nacre is also quite different. Messrs. Frierson and Marsh, to whom specimens have been sub- mitted, agree that it is distinct from any described fo:m, and Mr. Simpson remarks that it