THE
NAUTILUS
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS
OF CONCHOLOGISTS
VOL. xxxvn
JULY, 1923, to APRIL, 1924
EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS
HENRY A. PILSBRY
Cniktor of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural SdaocM Philadklphia
CHARLES W. JOHNSON
Cuistor of the Boston Society of Natural Hlitory B08TOM
INDEX
TO
THE NAUTILUS, XXXVII.
INDEX TO TITLES, GENERA AND SPECIES.
Abretiella Dall, n, n. for Abretia H. & A. Adams, not
Raf 63
Agriolimax sp., Mexico 28
Alabina 33
Ampliitlromus virescens Swains. (PL 5, f. 1-5) 84
AmpiiUariiis and Rostrhamus at Georgetown, Brit.
Guiana 73
AmpuUarius dolioides Rve. (PI. 4, f. 1) 75
Ampullarius gevesensis Desh. (PI. 4, f. 2) 75
Anatomy and Taxonomy of certain Lampsilinae from the
Gulf drainage 56, 99, 137
Aneylus, Bourguignat's American species of 7
Ancylus adelinus Bourg. (PI. Ill, f. 7-9) 15
Aneylus aorus Bourg. (PI. I, f. 9-11) 11
Ancylus beaui Bourg. (PI. II, f. 8-10) 13
Ancylus complanatus Bourg. (PI. Ill, f. 1-3) 13
Ancylus charpentierianus Bourg 9
Ancylus chittyi C. B. Ad. (petitianus Bourg.) 8
Ancj'lus plaearius Bourg. (PI. I, f. 5-8) 10
Ancylus plagioxus Bourg. (PI. II, f. 1-3) 11
Ancylus saUei Bourg. (PI. Ill, f. 4-6) 14
Ancylus saulcyanus Bourg. (PI. II, f. 4-7) 12
Annulariidae 91
Bermuda shells 32
Bourguignat's American species of Ancylus 7
Calliostoma canaliculatum var. parvum and nebulosum. . 35
Carunculina moesta Lea 100
Carunculina paula Lea 100
Choanopoma Pfr 92
Chrysodomus hypolispus Dall 35
(iii)
iCf/^CjCf
IV THE NAUTILUS.
Chiysodomus kelseyi Baker, n. sp 35
Cistula raveni Crosse 90
Cistulops Baker, new genus 90
Cistulopsinae, new sub- family 89
Colorado Pisidia 16
Cyclostoma illustre Poey 90
Donax califomiea Conr 83
Douax gouldi DaU 83
Donax of California, notes on the 81
Dredge, Bucket 118
Ecuador, marine mollusks 120
Fenella, note on 33
Florida, Land shells from 65
Freshwater shells of Monroe, Conn 28
Galba reflexa hemphilliana Baker 23
Godwin-Austen, Col. H. H 70
Helicinidge 89
Lampsilinffi from the Gulf drainage 56, 99, 137
Lampsilis clarkiana Lea 142
Lampsilis excavata Lea 142
Lima hughi Bartsch, n. n. for L. smithi Bartsch, not
Sowerby 69
Limax flavus L. var. colubrinus in Mexico 27
Limax maculatus 27
Lymnsea columella and L. auricularia in Southern Cali- fornia 34
LymusBa hemphilliana, note on 23
Lyonsiella magnifica Dall, n, sp 31
Macrocallista chishimana Pils 26
Marine shells of Sanibel, Florida 52
Medionidus acutissimus Lea 60, 99
Medionidus parvulus Lea 56
Meuschen's names in the Zoophylacium Gronovianum. . . 44
Micromya lienosa concestator Lea 140
Micromya nebulosa Conr 101
Micromya vanuxemensis umbrans Lea 137
Micromya vibex Conr 103
Molluscan Fauna of Catalina Island 37
Mussel is not a ^\^ld animal 70
Myurella (Myurelliscus) dnplicatoides Bartsch, n. sp. .. 64
Myurellina Bartsch, new subgenus 63
Myurellisca Bartsch, new subgenus 63
New Hampshire, Mollusks of Intervale 96
Naiades of Long Island, N. Y 95
Notes 33, 69, 106
THE NAUTn<US. ▼
Obtortio 33
Onialonyx 77
Opert'ulatiis from the Dutch Leeward Islauds 89
Oo'PTCH'eras in the Idaho tcrtiaries 97
Partula dondroica Cramptou, n. sp 114
Partula uiirabilis Cramptou, n. sp IIG
Pai'tula ol>iupia Cramptou, n. sp 112
Partuhi tohiveaiia Cramptou, u. sp 110
Parviterebra Pilsbry 106
Peril, marine mollusks 120
Pisitlium eoloradense Sterki, n, sp 17
Pisidinm hendersoni Sterki, n. sp 20
Pisidium lucidiim Sterki, n. sp 19
Pisidium minim Sterki, n. sp 20
Pisidium probum Sterki, n. sp 18
Pisidium pusillum Gmelin 22
Planorbis immunis Lutz, n. n. for P. confusus preoe 36
Pleistocene Fresh Water Mollusks from North Central
Texas 25
Plotia Bolton, the type of 36
Polita gabrielina Berry, n. sp 130
PolygjTa salmonensis Tryon 134
Polygj-rella harfordiana Coop 134
Poly^Toidea Pilsbry, new subg 134
Pomatiasidae 89
Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say 25, 31
Post-glacial dispersal of mollusca in the Southern Rocky
Mountains 77
Ptychobranchus greeni Conr 56
Publications received 71, 107
Punctot^rebra Bartsch, n. subg 63
PunctureUa eyerdami Dall, n. sp 133
Rambles of a midshipman, III 1
Rostrhamus sociabilis. Snail-hawk (PI. 4, f. 3-4) 73
Saxidomus brevisiphonatus, on the identity of 26
Snail-hawk, Rostrhamus sociabilis 73
Some slugs from Mexico 27
Stoastomops walkeri H. B. Baker, n. gen. and sp 89
Succinea avara from the tar pits of California 106
Terebridffi, a key to the family 60
Terebrina Bartsch, n. subg 63
Teredo beachi and Teredo navalis, the status of 31
Triodopsis harfordiana W. O. B 133
Troschelvindex Baker, new genus 90
Tudora fossor Baker, n. sp 94
■VI THE NAUTILUS.
Tudora maculata Baker, n. sp 92
Tudora muskusi Baker, n. sp 93
Tudora pilsbryi Baker, n, sp 94
Tudora rupis Baker, n. sp 93
Unio abniptus Say 135
Unio orbiculatus Hildreth 135
Unio retusus Lamarck 136
INDEX TO AUTHORS.
Baker, Fred 34
Baker, H. Burrin^on 89
Bartsch, Paul 31, 60, 69
Bequaert, J 36
Berry, S. StiUman 130
Clench, W. J 52
CockereU, T. D. A 27
Crampton, H. E 109
Dall, W. H 31, 33, 44, 97, 133
Frierson, L. S 135
Gregg, Wendell 0 37
Grier, N. M 95
Hanna, G. Dallas 23, 25, 106, 107
Hedley, Charles 118
Henderson, Junius 77
Jacot, Arthur P 28
Johnson, C. W 72
Lang, Herbert 73
Lutz, Adolph 36
Olsson, A. A 120
Ortmann, A. B 56, 99, 137
Pilsbry, H. A 36, 133
Rehder, Harold A 96
Remington, Jr., P. S 1
Sterki, V 16
Strong, A. M 37, 81
Tomlin, J. R. le B 26. 106
Vanatta, E. G 32, 65
Walker, Bryant 7, 84
fHE Nautilus.
Vol. XXXVII JULY, 1923. No. 1
RAMBLES OF A MIDSHIPMAN. III. BY P. S. REMINGTON, JR.
The second leg of our eighteen-thousand-mile cruise com- menced with our departure from Balboa. Nothing untoward occurred to break the even monotony of our run to Honolulu. Very little manoeuvering was done this time, becau.se coal is precious on such a long trip. This was said to be the longest single run ever made by a squadron of battleships, and certainly it seemed an eternity to me, for it was now the turn of our division to serve in the boiler-room and coal-bunkers, and for seventeen mortal days I stoked a boiler. I have already commented on the astonishing amount of coal a battleship can stow away, but this is far less remarkable than the way a boiler can eat it up. Never a cool place, the boiler-room usually showed a temperature of around 130° F. in the latitude of the tropics, and some poor fellow was carried out on deck every watch. Those seventeen days became an era in my life, to be looked back on with wonder and some pride.
However, all things come to an end, and at last we awoke one morning to see the extinct crater of Diamond Head showing up on the horizon. As we steamed up the bay of Honolulu, twenty-two airplanes circled over our tops, dropping aboard "leis", that Hawaiian symbol of welcome. I think that the average American citizen, who is familiar with the Hawaiian Islands chiefly through the popular music which purports
Z THE NAUTILUS.
to come from there, pictures Honolulu as a grove of native huts in the midst of palm trees with hula maidens dancing around to the music of ukuleles. At leart, I am inevitably asked if I saw any hula dancers on my trip to Honolulu. As a matter of fact Honolulu looks quite like any other American city with its docks, stores and business district, and native Hawaiians are far less plentiful than Japanese. Indeed they are distinctly a rarity, and although I saw one or two princesses at the naval ball, they danced a one-step and not a hula dance. I was told that there are very few real hula dancers left, and that the only good ones were not fit to be seen.
Nevertheless, there is a certain glamour about Honolulu which impresses one at once. The azure blue of the water, the rugged chains of mountains in every direction, the riot of flowers everywhere and the semi-tropical climate made a deep impression on my memory. I still consider Honolulu the most beautiful city I have ever seen, and vowed to return to it some day for a longer visit.
Before the cruise started I had had the forethought to write to Mr. Charles F. Mant of Honolulu, and the "Connecticut" had no sooner docked than he came aboard and enquired for me. By special dispensation I got permission to take dinner ashore and was treated with real Hawaiian hospitality. This last, it should be remarked, is really a substantial thing, for no midshipman could walk fifty yards along the street with- out being cordially asked to step into a passing automobile. Certainly I had no reason to complain, for the Mants and some Yankee friends took special pains to procure some strawberries and cook a real New England strawberry short-cake which we ate at Waikiki Beach. I shall long remember that evening.
Here, as elsewhere, I lost the opi>ortunity to collect ex- tensively because I was unable to secure shore leave for more than half a day. We were able to plan two in\)s, however, which are chalked up on my memory along witli those at Panama and Cuba. Tiie first was a hike up Mt. Tantalus along the Manoa ClifT Trail. Exchanging my uniform for kliaki clothes loaned by Mr, Mant, I set out in company with that gentleman for this trail, a little beyond the city. The view on
TllK NAUTILrS. 3
the way up was suporl), ami I liavo never seen such heautiful sliades of water as the bay showed. Near shore it was a hght bhie with a white ring of surf, while further out it merged into a deep purple. Below us in the valleys were the neatly culti- vated farms of the riapanese, some of them extended well up the liillsides. Way olT to the north were other ranges of hills at which I gazed with longing eyes, for in those valleys were the Achatinellas which I had hoped to collect. They were too far away, however, to be reached in the limited time at my dis- posal and I had to be satisfied with an inspection of the collec- tions of Mr. Mant and Mr. Emerson. The latter gentleman has, judging by the thousands of specimens in his collection, robbed many of the valleys of Oahu of their entire molluscan fauna. The returns on this hike with Atr. Mant were not great, but very interesting because so different from any other collect- ing I have ever done. In the axis of large-leaved plants we found Auriculella diaphana and AicrlcideUa aistanea, a few Aiiuistra iiirritella, Philonesin baldwini, and Toraatellides proce- ruliis. Under the rocks by the roadside were a few Succinea cadicca and the introduced Eulota similaris. In spite of the paucity of the species taken, this hike was one of the most enjoyable I have ever made.
The second trip was a visit to Pearl City near the naval base where we got in a little marine collecting along the west locks. Here we took some fine Neritu picea, Trochus sandwichennis, Sistrum faveolatum, Litorina scabra, Siphonaria normalvs^ Plcco- rema ianequalis, Ldsinodoata sandwicheiisis, Myt'da.-i crebristriatus, Cytherea lioconcha, Tellina rugosa, and a small chiton. Although this represents about all the species I was able to collect in Honolulu, it should be understood that this was due to the fact that I was never able to get sufficient shore leave to make a long trip, so I blame the naval authorities and not the Hawaiian fauna. The species I collected are but a small frac- tion of the fauna to be found. Mr. Mant kindly made up this deficiency by generously sharing many of his duplicates with me.
A rather humorous incident took place the next day as we were going through the market. Seeing a huge pile of fine
4 THE NAUTILUS.
Tapes philipjmianim for sale, I enquired of the Jap on guard Avhat was the price of them. Pointing to one of three plates heaped high with the bivalves, he answered "twenty-five cents." When I nodded at the price, he deftly rolled a huge palm leaf into a cornucopia and poured the entire three plates into it. My friends laughed heartily at my discomfiture. They would have laughed still more heartily had they seen me at 2 A. M. still cleaning those shells. I kept every one, how- ever, and got them all home.
After a week's delightful stay, we bade farewell to Honolulu and departed amid a shower of flower " leis " from the cordial islanders. I don't think I have ever been so sorry to leave a port. Its charm remains long after the memory of it has dulled.
We were now bound for Seattle, a twelve-day run. Entering the region of the northeast trade winds, we encountered cool weather and several rough days. Work in the boiler room was now a pleasure, but alas I had been shifted to a deck division, for a midshipman must become familiar with every phase of ship life on these practice cruises. So I spent the days scrubbing decks and polishing brightwork until the snow- covered Olympic range came in sight and we steamed up Puget Sound and dropped anchor in Elliot Bay.
Seattle was the one port in which I knew of no shell collector, but as I had a bona-fide brother living there, I was able to get four days' shore leave, which I made the most of, though not conchologically. Our welcome here was very warm also, for the first mail from shore brought a letter of invitation to each midshipman to dinner and a ball given in our honor. The board of commerce had called for volunteers to take care of us and each car was given a number corresponding to the one on the invitation. They even provided us with ]>artners for the ball.
I made one attemjit to collect, but tlic results were so dis- couraging that I did not try again. I had been told that there was good collecting at Fort Lawton Beacli. No one seemed to know where that was, however, anil after spending an afternoon in a vain Iiunt for it, and liiulinu: onlv a few Acmnea scutuvi
THK NAUTILUS. O
patiii'i, 1 gave up ami j'njoyed tho more worldly pleasures that my brother otfereil. Later, after gaining an idea of the Puget Sound fauna through the medium of exchange, I have regretted my inactivity.
Our next port of call was San Francisco where I expected to see that very active collector, Mr. AUyn G. Smith. On my arrival, I was disappointed to find that he was leaving at once for an auto trip through northern California and Oregon, on which he hoped to discover some new things. He did, before he left, recommend a few localities where the collecting might be good and also introduced me to a bit of collecting in his own garden, for the place was overrun with Helix asperaa, intro- duced. On his advice I made a visit to Muir Woods, that home of the big trees, first ascending Mt. Tamalpais on the " crooked- est railroad in the world," then down to Muir Woods by grav- ity car. I had only about a half-hour before the train returned, however, and though I hunted industriously through the red- wood thickets, I found only one specimen of Epiphragmophora infuiiiata. As this had the epiphragm I think the shells had hidden away through the dry spell. This was the extent of my collecting in San Francisco. I did not get a chance at the marine collecting though I wanted to try Bolinas Bay.
After coaling up once more, we headed south for San Pedro which we soon reached. Here the squadron divided, half going to San Diego, the other half to San Pedro. Fortunately, the flagship stayed at San Pedro. I say "fortunately " because Mr. E. P. Chace, with whom I had been corresponding for many years, lived at Los Angeles and I was planning to pay a visit to him. To further this plan, Mr. Chace wrote me a letter and signed it "Uncle Emory," and I had only to present this to the commander in order to get another forty-eight-hour leave of absence. I felt no compunction in doing this, considering all the fine collecting I had been deprived of through oflicial in- hibition.
That visit with " Uncle Emory " is another pleasant memory to add to an eventful cruise. Besides the pleasure of inspecting Mr. Chase's fine collection, we paid a visit to the Southwest Museum, and other points of interest. I had anticipated
b THE NAUTILUS.
a taste of the collecting at San Pedro, but was disappointed to learn that the tides were not right. Mr. Chace, however, invited me to collect among his duplicates, which I gratefully did. I am not one of those, however, to whom a shell is only a shell. A specimen means much more to me if I have collected it, and I promised myself another trip to the West Coast sometime in the future.
After a most enjoyable two days at the Chaces' , I returned to my ship and soon we were headed for the Panama Canal again. We picked up the rest of the squadron off San Diego and settled down for another long, hot run. Men in the boiler division, ' ' the blackgang ' ' , told us that was the hottest run of the cruise. Fortunately I was still in a deck division. Neverthe- less, I was glad when we docked at Balboa again where daily showers cool the air a little. I hastened to renew my acquaint- ance with Mr. Zetek and this time we made a trip to Punta Paitilla, another favorite collecting ground of his. The collect- ing here was the richest I have ever seen, and I made the most of it. I had hoped to get leave of absence to go to Taboga Island, where Mr. Zetek assured me the collecting is very fine, but I had exhausted my leaves and failed.
With more than regret, I bade a final farewell to Mr. Zetek and his charming family. The regret was lightened, however, by the fact that we were now going home and that the next port was Annapolis where a month's leave awaited us. For the last time we steamed through the Canal and regarded the now familiar siglits with almost as much interest as we had the first time. We were not to arrive home without incident, though, for midway between Panama and Cuba the " Connecticut" lost both proi)ellers and had to be towed into CJuuntanamo by a collier. We were transferred at once to tlie otlier ships and steamed north to Annapolis.
Although circumstances made it advisable for me to resign from the Navy two months later, I shall always be grateful for the opportunities I had to collect in various ])art8 of the world, brief and unsatisfactory though they were. And I sliould like to express right here my appreciation for the fact that conchologists are such prime good fellows, no matter where one meets them.
THK NAl'TILUS. 7
I know that my cruises were miuU- one hundred j>er cent more inlerestinj; for me because of that spirit of " cameniderie " which exists among them. As one of my correspondents expressed it, "I never knew a shell collector who wasn't first- class in every respect."
BOURGUIGNAT'S AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANCTLUS
BY BRYANT WALKER
At different tiiues and in different places Bourguiguat de- scribed nine new species of Ancylus from. Mexico, Cuba and South Anienca. He also proi)osed new names for three species, whose original names were pre-occupied. Tliese were :
Ancylus haldemani for A. depressus Hald. (1844) non De- shayes (1824).
Ancylus pfeiffcri for A. radiatUis Pfr. (1852) nan Morelet (1851).
Ancylus peiituinus for A. ohlicjuus C. B. Ads. (1850) iian Broderip and Sowerby (1832). Adams, however, had before that discovered the duplication and renamed his species A. chittyi in 1851, so that Bourgnigiiat 's name falls into the s\monjTuy.
Of the nine new species described, Bourguignat hiiiLself only figured two. Three others have been figured by later authors from specimens in their o\ni or other European col- lections.
With one exception, A. charpentierianus, all of Bourgui- gnat's types are in his collection now in the Museum of Nat- ural Historj' of Geneva, Switzerland.
The great rarity of the species, the lack of figures and the author's well-kno^^^l proclivity to unduly multiply species upon slight differences have rendered the determination of his species extremely difficult and they have always l>eeii a source of perplexity to students of that group.
Some time ago Dr. G. Mermod of the Geneva ^Museum very kindly sent to me a series of excellent, enlarged photographs of all of the American types in the Bourguignat collection.
8 THE NAUTILUS.
This included still more enlargred views of the apices and he added notes of his own examination of the specimens in regard to their apical sculpture. He also sent photographs of Bourguignat's original labels, which accomi)any the speci- mens. These photographs, while ({uite sufficient for examina- tion themselves, are not strong enough for half-tone reproduc- tion and I have accordingly liad them redrawn by Miss ^lina L. Winslow of the Museum of Zoology of the University of ]\Iichigan. These draAviugs have been very skilfully and ac- curately done and leave nothing to be desired as reproduc- tions of the original jjhotographs.
These figures add gi-eatly to our knowledge of the several species and are now puhlished to assist students in their iden- tification of the Bourguignat species. I have added such notes from the literature as seemed applicable. As the orig- inal descriptions are scattered in various publications not always readily accessible, it had been deemed advisable to re- produce them here for convenient use Avith the figures.
I. Ancylus chittyi C. B. Ads. PI. I, figs. 1-4.
Ancylus ohliquus C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
1850, p. 48 ; Contr. Conch., 1850, pp. 132, 187, mm Brode-
rip and Sowerby, 1832. Ancylus chittyi C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch., 1851, p. 204;
Fischer, Rev. Cal., 1858, p. 15 ; Bourguignat, Spic. Mal.,
1862, p. 221; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p.
54, pi. 8, fig. 10; Maze, J. de Con., XXXI, 1883, p. 29. Ancylus petitianus Bourguignat, J. de Con., IV, 1853, p. 172,
pi. 6, fig. 10; P. Z. S., 1853, p. 85; Amen. I\ral., I. 1853,
p. 11. Original description: — "Shell subovate, somewhat arcuate, ver>' convex; translucent, pale horn-color; extremely thin, with microscopic radiating raised lines and less distinct striae of growth ; apex ver>' prominent, elevated, extending \Qvy far to one side and posteriorly, and projecting nearly over the margin. Tvciigth .075 inch ; breadth .05 inch ; hrii^'ht .028 inch."
Type locality : .hiinaica.
TIIK NAUTILUS. \)
Ailams' typo was jui uni(|U(" spoeinicn in tlio Cliitty collrc- tion MOW in the Britisli Museum. 1 am iiifonued by Mr. II, r. Fulton that it was glued to a t^iblet and has been cnislied to pieces so that, it is now impossible to make anytiiinp: of it.
Apparently, however, Bourgiiignat obt<iined another speci- men, whieh he tigiired. There is nothing to show from whom he obtained it. This specimen is of special interest not only because it is the only example of the species ever figured, but also because it extends the range of the South American genus Hehctancylu^ into the West ludias.
In response to an inquiiy from me, Dr. Mennod replied : "In regard to the A)uylus chittiji {pctitia)ius) you ask if the figure given in the Journal de Conchyliologie was made from the original in the Bourguignat collection. You will see in examinLng the photograph tJiat it is not possible to reply with certainty to the question. The figure in the Journal is quite conventional and does not correspond in all respects with the type, which, however, is luiique in the Bourguignat collection.'' There woidd, however, seem to be but little doubt that the s]jecimen here figured was the original of the "conventional" figiu'e in the Journal.
The excellent photographs sent by Dr. Mermod leave no doubt as to the systematic position of the species. He states also that the apex is "distinctly radiaUy punctate". It is therefore an Hehetancylus and is the first record of that genus in the West Indias. The resemblance to the Burnupia caffra (Krss.) from South Africa is very striking.
Clessin's figure is stated to be from an example in the Dohm Collection, so that at least two specimens have reached Europe in addition to Adams' type.
According to Fischer and Maze (1. c.) it is also found in Guadeloupe. But see, Walker, Naut. XXXIII, 1920. p. 99.
II. Ancylus charpentierianus Bourguignat,
Ancylus charpenturianus Bgt., J. de Con., IV, 1853, p. 173, pi. 6, fig. 12; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1S82. p. 56, pi, 8, fig, 12, Original description: — "Anc. testa convexa ac coneava;
10 THE NAUTILUS.
mucrone dextrorsiis obliquo; depressioiie apicali minutissiiua, sat rotundata, in verticis extremitate ac paululum ad siiiis- tram. versa. Par\'a, depressa, luteola, iutus albido vel luteolo- rosacea, striis radiatis subtiliter ornata; apertnra anteriore rotundata, posteriore ovato-subangiilata. Longr. 5.5 ; lat. 4.5 ; alt. 2 nun.'"
Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile. ' This species is not represented in the Bourguignat Collec- tion, the type having been received from M. Petit de la Saus- saye, the then editor of the Journal de Couchyliologie. No details are known of the apical sculpture. Judging from the figure it is probably an Uncancylus. Clessin considers the sharp angle of the posterior margin abnormal. The species as described and figured is unusual in the concave outline of the anterior slope towards the mtii-giu, but that too may pos- sibly be abnormal.
Clessin 's figure is a copy of that of Bourguignat.
III. Ancylus pLuEArius Bourguignat. PI. I, figs. 5-8. Ancylus plccarius Bgt., Spic. ]\Ial., 1862, p. 214 ; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p. 72.
Original description : — " Testa gibboso-depressa, ad latera eontracta, elongata, pellucida, fragilima, cornea vel traus- lucida, concentrice vix striatula ; antice sinistroi*sus-quecon- vexa; postice dextrorsusque recta; apice postico. obtnsissimo. dextrorsus dejecto; depressione apicali rotundata vel saepe lunari, ad partem inferiorem verticis sita; apertura elongata, ad latera coarctata; marginibus lateralibus i^aululum arcuatis. Longueur 10; hauteur 3 mm."
Type locality: Lake Baril, Bahia. Brazil.
The author says that he received this shell from ^loricand under the MSS. name of A. )ii()r(jc<nu1i ioniracia. As stated by Cles.sin. it is ])roba])ly only a narrow foi'm of that sj)et'ies.
Moruiuidi is tlie type of HcJx tdnciihis Pils. (Proc. A. N. S. P., 1913, p. 671).
Dr. Mennod writes that the "api'x is without granulation". But a close inspection of his j)h<)togi'apli indicates that the n\)0\ was apparently somewhat ci-odcd, and if so. the minute apical sculptnrc wonld have disap|)carc(l.
THK NAUTILUS. 11
I\'. .A-NCYLUS AORUS BonrgTiii^nat. IM. 1, fi^'s. 9-11.
Ancyliis aoru.'i Bpl., Spio. Mul., 18G'J, p. 21G; (Messiii, Coiidi. Cab., Aju'vluien, 1882, p. 70.
Original desoription : — "Testa magna, gibboso-oblonga, pel- liK'ida, frairili, cornea, concentriee striatula; antiee percon- vexa ac concava, postiee recta ac concava, siiiistrorsus convexa ac concava, dextrorsiis concava; apice valdc poslico, obtusis- simo (depressione apicali iueonspieua), ad dextram dejecto; apertiira oblongo-ovata ; marginibus expansis, antiee sinislror- secpie praesei'tiin dilatatis. Longueur 11; hauteur 3.5 mm."
The author remarks that the A. aorus is very close to A. moricandi, but differs by its manner of growth, by its sliell "excessively swollen and like the back of an ass," by its apex more posterior, very- obtuse aud more turned to the right, and especially by its aperture, the margins of which are wide, dilated and almost reflected, which is never seen in the true moricandi.
Type locality : En\irons of San Pedro, Brazil.
Clessin considers it as probably only a variety of moricandi witli an unusually extended peritreme, which is very likely correct.
As shown by the figure, the apex is too much eroded to sliow the sculpture.
V. Ancylus plagioxus Bourguignat. PI. II, figs. 1-3.
Ancxjlus plagioxus Bgt., Spic. Mai., 1862, p. 217 ; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p. 70.
Original description: — "Testa depres.sa-ovata, parvula, fra- gili, cornea, pellucida, concentrice radiatimciue argutissime striatula; antiee sinisrtrorsusque convexa; postiee dextror- susque concavo; apice postico, acutissimo, dextrorsus dejecto; depressione apicali oblonga, ad partem superiorem verticis sita; ai)ertura ovata. Longueur 6; hauteur 2 mm."
Type locality. Lake Baril, Bahia, Brazil.
The author remarks that the apex is exceedingly small and ver>- sharp.
Dr. Mermod gives no note on tlie apical sculpture and none
12 THE NAUTILUS.
can be detected on the photograph, consequently no assign- ment to modem groups can be made. It is possible that on critical examination it might prove to be a young A. mori- candi.
VI. Ancylus saulcyanus Bourguignat. PL II, figs. 4-7.
Ancylus saulcyanvs Bgt., P. Z, S., 1853, p. 192, pi. 25, figs. 26-33; Spic. Mai., 1862, p. 218; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p. 71, pi. 6, fig. 6.
Original description: — "Anc. testa antice convexa, postice paululum concava; apice parvulo, postico, sat obtuso, dex- trorsus dejecto, saepe decorticata; depressione apicali rotun- data, in verticis extremitate sita. Testa parva, fragiii, cornea, concentrice striatula, ae argutissime radiatula, praesertim ad aperturam; apertura ovata. Long. 4-4y2 mill., lat. 3, alt. 2."
Type locality: Environs of Porto Cabello, Venezuela.
The author remarks: — "Le test de I' Ancylus saulcyanus est d'une taille petite, fragile, d'lme eoleur corne, et presente des stries d 'accroissement assez bien marquees. Lorsqu'ou I'examine au microscope, il parait, de plus, radie avec la plus grande delicatesse. Son overture est ovale."
The erosion of the apex as shown by the figure is too great to show any of the apical sculpture, and consequently its exact generic position is uncertain.
The author in the Spic. ]\lal. (1. c.) differentiates it in detail from A. raymondi Bgt. (Algeria), chittyi C. B. Ads., ohliquus B. and S. (Chile), charpentieri-anus Bgt. and irro- ratusGUg. (St. Vincent).
Clessin 's figure is not a copy of that in the P. Z. S.. but is a narrower sliell, similar, but less dilated anteriorly, the lat- eral margins being nearly parallel. His dimensions are also different. The source of his specimen is not given. He groups it witli roncfnf7^icu.t d'Orb.. culicoidrs d'(^i"b. and barilensi<i INIoric., "from which it differs in the shape of the aperture." The last named is the type of Uncancylus Pils. (Pr. A. N. S. P.. 1913, p. 671).
Dr. Mennod's larger figure is (juite typical, the other is narrower.
THE NAUTILUS. 13
\'ll. Ancylus BEAii Bourn^ug-iiat. PI. II, figs. 8-10.
Ancylus bcaui Bjift., J. de Con., IV, 185;], p. 176; Spic. Ma'., 1862, p. 230; SImttlewortli, DijLgn. Neuer ]\Ioll., 1854, p. 158; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p. 69, pi. 7, fig. 10.
Original description: — "Aiic. testa antiee parum convexa, postice recta vel concava ; apiee sat obtuso, postico, excen- trico, dextrorsus sito; depressione apicali uiinutLssima, rotun- data, in niediana niucrone verticis sita. Parva, depressa, fra- gili, diai)hana, levi, luteola ; apertura ovato-elliptica. Long. 4-5 miU. ; lat. 21/0, 31/0 mill. ; alt. 2V4 mill.
Var. B. Testa j)anluluni niajore, elatiore ; apertura ellip- tica. ' '
Type locality: Marshes of Guadeloupe.
Shufrtleworth (1. c.) lists this species from near Luquillo, Porto Rico, with a " ?", aud remarks that it is wider, more depressed and perhaps thinner than A. ohscurus Hald. ; but also distinct from A. fuscus C. B, Ads. Clessin states that the species is in the Berlin IMuseimi as from that locality. It is probable that his figure was dra^\'n from an example in that collection. It agrees fairly well with Bourguignat's type.
Dr. Mennod makes no note on the apical sculpture, as the apex is badly eroded.
Bourguignat in his description says that the shell is smooth, but the photograph, considerably enlarged, shows distinct radial striation.
VIII. Ancylus complanatus Bourguignat, PI. Ill, figs. 1-3.
Ancylus complanatus Bgt., Spic. Mai., 1862, p. 231; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Ancylinen, 1882, p. 26.
Original description: — "Testa ovata, fragili, pellucida, vitracea, pallide cornea, laevigata vel sub lenteargutissime concentrice striatula; antiee convexa; postice sini.strorsus ac dextrorsus parum convexiuscula ; apice obtusissimo, paulu- lum postico ac dextrorso, fere central! ; depressione apicali magna, postico, in extremitate verticis sita; apertura ovata. Longueur 5; hauteur IVo mm."
14 THE NAUTILUS.
Type locality: Cuba.
Dr. Mermocl states that uo apical sciilpture was ^'isible.
IX. Ancylus sallei Bourgiiigiiat. PI. Ill, figs. 4-6. Ancylus sallei Bgt., Amen. Mai., II, 1857, p. 32; Spic. Mai., 1862, p. 231; W. G. Binney, L. and F. W. Shells, N. Amer., II, 1865, p. 142; Strebel, Beitr. Kent. Mex. L. and Sussw. Conchylien, 1873, p. 63, pi. 4, fig. 35 ; Clessin, Conch. Cab., Aneylinen, 1882, p. 25, pi. 6, fig. 9 ; Fischer and Crosse, IVIiss. Sci. Mex., Moll., II, 1880, p. 38, pi. XXX, figs. 17-17b; V. :Martens, Biol. Cent. Am., Moll., 1899, p. 401. Original description : — ' ' Testa, antice convexa, postice recta vel pauhilum convexa, sinistrorsiis convexa, dextroreus recta.; apice postico, ad dextram dejecto, obtusissimo, uullo. Minuta, fragillima, diaphana, argutissime sub lenteradiatilis, suceinea; apertura oblonga. Haut. V^; Long. 5; Larg. 2 mm."
Type locality : La Laguiia Larga de Toxpam, near Cordova, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
The author remarks that the apex is so obtuse that its ex- tremity is completely indistingiushable.
Strebel 's uniciue specimen was collected at Vera Cruz, Mexico. He states that the apex is smooth.
Clessin 's figiire is a copy of that of Strebel and ho '*has no doubt" of the correctness of the latter 's identification.
Fischer and Crosse state that Strebel's specimen is much smaller than the type, but has the charactei*s of the species. But von Martens notes some discrepancies both in the meas- urements and figures of the Fisclier and Crosse and Strebel specimens (a.ssuming ajiparently that the former's figure was drawn from an authentic example), and infers that "it is not (piite certain that the shells obtained by Salic and Strebel belong to one and the same species."
Both of these figures differ considerably from tlie type as here figured.
The apex of the tyjx^ is too tnuch eroded to show the sculpture.
Bourguignat (Si)i('. .Mai., 1. c.) states that he lias also re-
THK NAiriLUS. 16
ceived tlio sptxit's from I'ot'v, collected in the inanilu's of C'ar- denas. Cuba.
X. Ancyh'S ADEI.INUS Bourgriiigiiat . IM. Ill, fi^. 7-9.
An^ylus addinus Bfrt., iSpic. .Mai., l^iV2, p. 227; Clcssiii, Conch. Cah., Ancyliiien, 1882, p. 70. pi. 8, fij?. 11.
Oritrinal description: — "Testa oblonpa, fragili, ])elhicida, vitracea. pallide fusco-eornea, arjjute concentrice ([ue striatula, ac sub lentestriolis radiantibus minutissime oniata; antice sinistroiNusiine convexa ; postice dextrorsiis<iiie fere recta; apice posticoobtiisissiiuo, siciit caliculato ac dextriorsus de- jecto; depressione apicali rotunda, uiiniitissima, in extrenii- tate verticis sita ; apertura oblonga. Longueur 5i/o mill., hauteur 2'o mill."
Type locality: Cuba.
Clessin lists the species from "Poey and the Dohm collec- tion," meaning, probably, that it was in the Dohm collection received from Poey, and his figure was probably drawn from a specimen from that source. It is quite different iu shape from the specimens iu the Bourguignat collection. There are three of these, which measure: 4.30x3.10, 4.08x2.98 and 4.03 X 2.79 mm., the proportion of the wadth to the length being respectively, 72.1'/; , 73'^r and 69.2' r, ^vith an average of 71.4^;.
According to Clessin 's figure the proportion of ^Wdth to height is ■iS'J'c . That is, the specimen figured by him is pro- portionately only two-thirds as wide as the specimen of adeliniis here figured. It is a much narrower shell and the lateral margins are nearly parallel.
There is evidently some mistake here somewhere. But just where it is, or how it occurred, it is now impossible to say. But the discrepancy is too great to render it at all probable that, if accurately dra\ni, the specimen figured by him is really adcUnus. Possibly Poey made a mistake in itlentify- ing the shell sent to Dohrn as that species.
Tlie specimen here figured is the largest one in the Bour- guignat collection.
16 THE NAUTILUS.
Dr. Mermod notes that "the apex is distinctly punctate, but not radially."' The species is therefore probably au Hehetancylus.
Explanation of Plates. Plate I.
Figs. 1-4, Ancylus chittyi C. B. Ads.
(3, apex; 4, surface sculpture.) " 5-8. Ancylus plcrarius Bgt.
(5 and 6 different specimens; 8, apex.) " 9-11. Ancylus aorus Bgt. (11, apex.)
Plate II.
" 1-3. Ancylus plagioxus Bgt. " 4-7. Ancylus saulcyanus Bgt. '' 8-10. Ancylus beaui Bgt.
(Figs. 6 and 9 represent apices.)
Plate III.
'' 1-3. Ancylus comply natus Bgt. " 4-6. Ancylus sallei Bgt. " 7-9. Ancylus adelinus Bgt.
(Figs. 3, 6 and 9 are apices.)
COLORADO PISIDIA
BY V. STERKI
For a number of years. Prof. Junius Henderson has been collecting niollusks in tlie mountains of Colorado and adjoin- ing states, and in the summer of 1921 has carried through a careful, thorough survey of several counties, such as hail not been made anywhere in the State before. The Sph(criu1<r, nearly 11,000 specimens, mostly of risidiin)i, were from about seventy stations, mostly at high altitudes, and proved very interesting. Tlu^re were a surprisingly large number of species and forms. Tliose from every station liad been left
TMK NAl'TILUS. 17
mixe<I up as eolloct<'il. just what is uoccUmI for studying' tlio several speeies, their interrelations and variation.
In this article some new speeies are described, and added is a list, of the othei's found in the state, with a few pertinent notes on systeniaties, variation and distribution. As Prof. Henderson expects to publish a list of the moUusca of the Roeky Mountain States, localities are cited here only in a few instances. The nund)ers of lots cited are those of the special Sph<rriUI<c collection in the Carnegie Museum; and for the new species it is undei*stood that cotypes are in the collection of Prof. Henderson, Univ. of Colorado.
New Species.
PisiDiuM COLOBADENSE, D. sp. — Musscl subcquipartite, sub- triangidar, barely or not oblique, medium inflated ; beaks slightly behind the middle, narrow and slightly prominent, somewhat flattened around the center and with a slightly mai'ked crest (wanting in some specimens) ; dorsal margin short, curved ; supero-anterior slope slightly or barely marked, anterior end rounded or subangiUar; posterior margin sub- truncate obli(iuely outward, marked off from the dorsal by a slight, rounded angle more marked in younger specimens than in old ; ventral margin moderately curved ; surface dull to slightly glossy, microscopically nigulose, with fine, crowded, subregidar, somewhat sharp riblets and a few slightly marked rest-lines; color whitish, periostracum thin, shell opaque; hinge rather long, curved-angular, rather stout, plate rather short and broad with the inferior edge projecting; cardinals rather long ; c3 curved to angadar, mostly emarginate in the mitldle, its posterior end slightly bifid with the shanks again connate at the end and merging into the projecting plate edge, inclosing a deep excavation below; c2 rather large, with base cur\-ed, the free edge forming a regidcir semicircle or nearly so; c4 oblique, rather long, and so is its edge; laminae rather long, al rather massive, its cusp near the middle, pointed, with the slopes gradual and about equal; alll Vt ^^ Vn the length of al ; pi with cusp slightly pointed, not abrupt, pill Mj-Mj as long as pi II; all with apex pointed, slopes
18 THE NAUTILUS.
rather abrupt, the distal one more so, pll similar, smaller; liframeiit medium long, rather thick.
Long. 5.4, alt. 4.7, diam. 3.3 mm., the largest ex. ou hand.
Long, 4.5, alt. 3.8, diam. 2.6 mm. ; others, may be not full grovra.
Ilab. : Small ri\'ulet east of Boulder, Colo. ; there were over 150 specimens in the lot, rather luiiform ; no other Pisidia, TjTpes No. 9844, C. M.
The species is evidently of tlie conipressum group, as evi- denced by its shape, surface sculpture and hinge, but distinct from that species : different from all its many forms.
PisiDiUM PROBUM, n. sp. — ]\Iussel slightly elongate, subtri- angular, somewhat inequipartite, mediimi inflated, beaks somewhat posterior, rather broad, rounded, slightly or not mamillar, moderately projecting, dorsal margin short, curved, not marked off by angles, supero-anterior slope slightly marked in adolescent, barely so in full-groAni exs., in which the anterior end is more broadly rounded ; posterior margin subtruncate to rounded, ventral rather well and regularly rounded; surface somewhat glossy with the striae fine, crowded, irregular and somewhat sharp, and a few rest-lines ; color straw or light yellowish to corneous; shell subtrans- lucent, rather thin; hinge curved, rather slight, plate moder- ately broad ^vith the lower edge somewhat projecting; cardi- nals well above the edge: c3 medium curved, with its pos- terior end bifid, and a distinct excavation below; c2 rather long \\\\\\ base curs^ed to angular, apex more or less pointed ; c4 oblique, rather long, curved ; both c2 and e4 well jiroject- ing; lamelhv: al not nuu'h projecting inward, its cusp about in the middle, pointed with slopes moderately steep, alll about V;i f^^c lengtli of al ; pi and j)lll similar; all and pll witli cusps pointed, more abni})t ; ligament moderately long and thick.
Long. 5, alt. 4.3, diam. 3.3 mm. (largest).
Long. 4.6, alt. 4, diam. 2.6 nun.
Ilab.: Roaring Fork, al)ov<> Asjumi. Pitkin Co.. Colo., col- lected July, 1917. TluM'c \v(M-(' liundi-cds of specimens in the
IM^ NAl'MlllS. XXWII
WALKER- luil KCUiK.NArS AMF.RKAN ANCYl.l
THE NAUTILUS. X.XXVll.
PLATE 11.
TALKER: BOURCUllGNArS AMEKUAN ANCYI.I.
THE NAUTII US. XXXVII
HI.AIK III
WAI.KKR: Bf)UKGUIGNAT\S AMKRITAN ANCYI.I.
TlIK NAl'TIU'S 19
lot, from youiif; to old, and rather unifonii; no other P. — Types No. 9693. C. M.
This species is ditt'erent from all dt'scrihed and appears not to be closely related to any other. In outlines it is somewhat like coloradDist , thoug:h not of that grouj) ; ilitfers by the much broader beaks, tiie surface sculpture and appearance, ami the hinfre which is somewhat characteristic but shows some variation, ^lost of the specimens are of rather dark color, apparently browned in dryiupj.
PisiDiuM LUCiDUM, u. sp. — Musscl slightly elongate, sub- eijuipartite, not oblique, short oval to subelliptical without any angles, well to strongly inflate; beaks slightly or barely posterior, rounded, somewhat mamillar, moderately project- ing; dorsal margin short; surface polished with very fine, crowded, irregidar stride ; color light to darker corneous to grayish or brownish, often with narrow, irregular lighter zones; usually a few rest-lines ; shell thin, transparent to translucent and even apparently opaque ; hinge moderately long and stout, plate somewhat broad, cardinals well up on it : c3 rather short, strongly curved, often somewhat emarginate in the middle, its posterior end bifid; c2 small, short, with base curved, apex rounded; c4 oblique, mostly longer than e2, slightly to strongly cuiwed ; lamin.T : al rather long and stout, cusp about in the middle, pointed with the slopes rather steep, alll short and snudl ; pi rather short, with cusp simi- lar, pill 1 -i-VL' the length of pi ; all with cusp short, pointed, proximal slojie rather steep, distal abrupt, pll similar; liga- ment medium long and thick.
Long. 4.5, alt. 4, diam. 2.7 mm. ("typical" form).
Long. 6, alt. 5.2, diam. 4.2 mm. (large form from other place).
Hab. : Quite a number of places, rivulets, small beaver ponds, etc., at least at some "among dense ])lant growth.'" mostly at high altitudes; evidently abundant: from most sUi- tions there were hundreds, altogether more than 2300. Those taken for types were from a roadside pool at Bucna Vista. Chaffee Co., Colo., collected in July, 1917; No. 9691. C. M.— Also seen from other states.
20 THE NAUTILUS.
This is evidently an nndeseribed species, the affinities of which are under doubt. It is peculiar by its shape, size, the transparent (or translucent) shell and the hinge, especially the cardinals. It is somewhat variable, and at least from, one station tliere are rather different forms. From its size and appearance it might be taken for a lake form.
PisiDiuM MiEUM, n. sp. — Mussel subequipartite, oval to elliptical, strongly and evenly inflate; beaks little posterior, broad, rounded, slightly or moderately projecting; surface glossy with slight, shallow, iiTegular striie and a few rest- lines, color white to straw, in some forais light grayish, or corneous, shell rather thin, opaque or translucent; hinge short, moderately stout, plate medium broad ; cardinals small, short : c3 slightly curved to nearly straight, its posterior part markedly short, bifid ; c2 rather high up on the i)lat<.', with base straight or nearly so, somewhat oblique, abrupt, strongly curved upward, apex rounded or subtruncate; c4 slightly oblique and curved, extending fonvard over 1/0-% of e2, much less projecting than c2 ; lamina? short, rather stout : al close to the cardinal, strongly projecting inward, its cusp about in the middle, pointed, Avith slopes about equally steep,, alll about Vi-Mi the length of al ; pi with well-marked cusp, quite abrupt distally, plll small; all and pll with cusps quite short and abiiipt; ligament short, ratlier thick.
Long. 4.4, alt. 3.7, diam. 3.2 mm. (of 9834).
Long. 4.2, alt. 3.7, diam. 3.4 mm., from other place.
Hab. : Lakes and ponds, quite a number of stations, with over 200 specimens seen, mostly from the vicinity of Silver Lake; types No. 9834, C. ]\I. The typical form is somewhat like short P. roperi St., also like small ovum, but on close ex- amination tlie two are quite different and distinct. The sj)ecies is rather variable, thougli from every station the mus- sels arc I'jilhcr iniifonn ; there are forms with the beaks nar- rower and more prominent, the stirface is rougher, and tlie color corneous, and they aj)pear to be of a distinct species.
Pisniir,'\i iiENDERSONi, n. sp. — .Mussel small. ine(iuipartite, medium inflate; beaks somewhat posterior, broad, rounded to
THK NAUTILUS. 21
Tialieiied. nuxlerately j)ri>jo(.-tiii^; dorsal margin little curved, lH)uiuk'd by angles, supero-anterior slope somewhat marked, rather short, anterior end I'ounded angular, j)Osterior margin suhtruneate, inferior moderately curved; surface dullish or slightly glossy, very tinely microscopically rugulose, striie very tine, crowded, barely noticeable over the bealcs, slightly coai*ser towards the margins; color whitish to straw, shell thin, oi)a(|ue; hinge moderately curved, very slight, plate quite narrow; cardinals small: c3 slightly curved, its pos- terior end somewhat thicker and slightly l)ifid, c2 on or close to the plate edge, short, straight, with apex rounded, c4 quite small and short, with its position somewhat variable; laminae slight : al with cusp somewhat distal, pointed, not abinipt, pi more distal with cusp small, alll about V;{ the length of al, pIII Mi-% the length of pi ; all with cusp distal, pointed, quite abrupt distally, pll less so; ligament rather long, occu- pying nearly the whole "width" of the plate.
Long. 3.2, alt. 2.8, diam, 2.1 mm.
Hab. : Upper Forest Lake, at timber line, northwest of Tol- land, Boulder Co., among coarse gravel ; there were about 200 specimens in the lot, with uo other Pisidium. Types No. 9775, C. M.
The mussels are rather uniform, yet with some significant ditl'erences : some examples have the beaks flattened, even to form ridges; the hinges, especially the cardinals, show differ- ences in details. This is a rather peculiar species, apparently not closely related to any other, and dedicated to its dis- coverer.
List of Additional Species.
Pisidium compressum Prime, scarce, from few places, rather different forms.
P. variahile Prime, frequent, from about ten stations; mark- edly different forms: some much like eastern, others quite small, with narrow beaks; nothing like the very large forms from Washington.
P. occidentole Newcomb, somewhat scarce and apparently not characteristic.
22 THE NAUTILUS.
P. kuachucaniim Pilsbr>- & Ferriss (not a form of ahditum! apparently nearer occidentale) ; several places but ap- parently rather scarce.
P. roperi Sterki, rather frequent, as in Montana; much like eastern forms.
P. pusiUum (Gmelin) Jenyns, apparently: just like speci- mens from England, etc. Not noted before as Nearctic ; probably to be looked for in the North (specimens from northern Indiana are apparently identical). Diamond Lake, near Eldora, at alt. 10,960 ft. ; apparently also : Lower Los Lagos, Rollinsville.
P. ovum Sterki, frequent, from a number of places; generally somewhat smaller than those from Montana.
P. marci St., apparently the same as the originals from Utah, though of somewhat ditferent appearance ; from quite a number of stations and different forms, with respect to shape, size and color.
P. Icrmondi Sterki, in a slough above ^Minturn. Eagle Co. ; just like specimens from New England, Ontario and Michigan.
P. miJium Held, from two stations, fine, characteristic speci- mens.
P. imhccUle Sterki, in a creek above Wolcott; over a hundred examples.
P. ahortivum Sterki, near Silver Lake; appears to be widely distributed in the West.
P. rotundutum Prime, several stations, rather different forms, some not characteristic, and under doubt.
P. parvidum Clessin — apparently, from a number of stations; also seen from ^lontana and Washington. At least some of them are just like European parvidum; not previously noted as Nearctic.
P. costatum Sterki, from a small Forest Lake, northwest of Tolland. Apparently identical with the fossil mussel from marl deposits in Maine, Michigan and Illinois, known since 1895. with the ribs sliglitor. Now seen for the first time as recent.
P. veniricosum. Prime, or nearest to that; somewhat different forms. From (|uite a ninnl>er of lakes.
THk: NAl'TILUS. 23>
NOTE ON LYMN-EA HEMPHILLIANA BAKER *
BY Q. DALIJVS HANNA
Limncra rcflcxa hcmphUlwna Baker, Nautilus, Vol. 18, 1904,
p. 11. Galba rcflcxa hcmphilliana (Baker), Chicago Acad. Sci.
Special Publ. No. 3, 1911, p. 342, pi. 36, figs. 19-20.
This species was described from two specimens in the col- lection of Dr. Bryant Walker; and they had been collected by Henry Hemphill in Lake Albert Lea, Freeborn County, Minnesota. When the monograph of North American Lym- nteidje was published in 1911 no additional material had been studied and Baker stated, "A good series of this race is a desideratum. ' '
Axi examination of the Hemphill Collection, now in the California Academy of Sciences, shows that the original lot consists of 28 specimens. These were segregated as to size and minor variation in accordance vnth the custom of the collector into seven lots, numbered 6742-6745 and 6748-6750. The specimens conform reasonably close to Dr. Baker's de- scription and figures. It does not appear that intergradation can be shown with certainty with re-flexa; therefore sub- specific relationship might better not be inferred. The fol- lowing measurements will aid in the determination of the species :
|
Altitude |
Diameter |
Altitude |
Catalogue |
|
|
of apert'i |
lire |
number |
||
|
35.8 |
14.3 |
16. |
1 \ |
|
|
38. |
14.2 |
18.8 |
6743 |
|
|
39.6 |
15.9 |
18.4 |
Vl 1 ^*J |
|
|
38. |
15. |
18.3 |
J |
|
|
34.1 |
13.3 |
18.1 |
1 |
|
|
33.6 |
14.8 |
17.3 |
6744 |
|
|
30.9 |
14.1 |
16.9 |
||
|
30.4 |
13.2 |
16.4 |
J |
Published by permission of the California Academy of Sciences.
24
|
THE |
NAUTILUS. |
|
|
Altitude |
Difameter |
Altitude of aperture |
|
29.1 |
11.6 |
15.1^ |
|
29.6 |
11.9 |
13.8 |
|
27. |
11.6 |
13.5 [ |
|
24.4 |
10.1 |
11.6 J |
|
29. |
11.2 |
13. 1 |
|
28.3 |
11.1 |
12.1 1 13. ' |
|
29.5 |
11.5 |
|
|
25.1 |
10.7 |
12.8 , |
|
29. |
12.1 |
14.1^ |
|
31.2 |
12.4 |
14.2 ! 13.2 f |
|
28. |
11.8 |
|
|
25. |
10. |
11.4 J |
|
25. |
10.2 |
12. ^ 11.3 |
|
22.6 |
9.8 |
|
|
23.3 |
9.3 |
11. ' |
|
20.8 |
8.7 |
10.6 ^ |
|
34.2 |
14.3 |
16. ^ |
|
34.8 |
15.1 |
16.7 i |
|
33.2 |
14.3 |
17.1 \ |
|
25. |
10.8 |
11.1 J |
Catalogue number
6745
6748
6749
6750
6742
Hemphill associated the species ^nth umhrosa = elodes (\dde Baker) and zehra = exilis, but the resemblance is super- ficial. He collected a set of specimens in the same lake which he referred definitely to the last species, and apparently with correctness. They measure:
Altitude Diameter Altitude Catalogue
of aperture 7iumber
29.5 10.5 13.9
28.8 9.8 12.7 ^ 6751
.7 !- 22.3 8.2 10.5
It will be seen that tlie measurements do not intergrade with tliose of hrniphilliinta. The latter seems closest to hince- ata Gould, but has a greater diameter and longer ai)erture, and the same characters separate it from reflexa and exUis.
This note is \vritt('n not only to call attention to L. hemp-
THF. NAlTlI.rs. 26
hillMua but to a wealth of similar material in the g^i'eat col- lection which llem|)hill ussembleil. lie seems to have dis- tributwl (.luplieates rather sparinjrly and these were selected from his i)Oon'r si)ecimens. His field work resulted in the discoveiy of a great number of new species, many of which are represented only by a few kno^v^l specimens, as in the case of this L\jmncca. In almost every case, however, he re- tained a goo<.l series of his best specimens for his own collec- tion. This is now available for legritimate study and re- search in the California Academv of Sciences.
PLEISTOCENE FRESHWATER M0LLU3KS FRUM NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS
BY G. DALLAS HANNA
Through the kindness of Dr. J. A. Udden, Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology and Technology of the Univer- sity of Texas, I have recently had the opportunity to study interesting and well-preserved freshwater fossil mollusks from Wilbarger County, North Central Texas. The material was collected by Mr. E. B. Stiles, Petroleum Geologist.
Locality 1. Pomaiiopsis lapiduria (Say).
The fossils came from greenish white clay covered by 20 feet of sandy shale ; one mile north of Pease River, 4V'' miles N. E. of Vernon, Wilbarger Countv, Texas; elevation 1214 feet; Sec. 25, Blk. 12.
Locality 2. Pl^norhvi trivolvis Say.
Physa gyrina Say.
Lymncra catascopium (Say).
Lymn<ra palu.strui (Muller) The fossils came from gi'eenish clay directly overlying Permian rocks; south bluff of Red River, N. E. Cor. Sec. 42, Blk. 12, north of Vernon, Wilbarger County, Texas; elevation 1210 feet.
The formation from which these shells came is a Pleisto- cene lake deposit of very considerable extent which has been
26 THE NAUTILUS.
named "Sejiuour beds" bj- Cummins.^ Vertebrate fossils- have been found in it but this appears to be the fii'St record of niollusks.- Several of tlie species are of decidedly northern habitat at the present time and the finding of them in Texas goes furtlier to show the southward extension of the Ilud- sonian fauna during the Pleistocene.^
ON THE IDENTITY OF SAXIDOMUS BREVISIPH0NATU3 CARPENTER
BY J. R. LE B. TOMLIN
In 1902, in his "Synopsis of the Family Venerid^r,'" Dall wrote that this species had never been collected since it was described from the Vancouver region.^
As a matter of fact, Carpenter says : ' ' Hab. : ? Vancouver, ? Japan {^Irs. Cuming). The shell was sent me as from Dr. Forbes' Vancouver collections and is so quoted in the British Association Report for 1863, p. 607, but Mr. Cuming subse- quently stated his belief that it came from Japan."
I\Ir. Cuming's belief was perfectly correct. Whilst over- haiding the Venerklcc in the British Museum recently I came across tlie specimen described by Carpenter, its identity being established by pencilling both on tlie back of the tablet and on the inner side of the valves of the shell. It is in jioor condition and somewhat imperfect, but recognizable at a glance as Macrocallista chishimana Pilsbry.*
1 Cummins, W. F., Fourth Ann. Ecpt., Pt. 1, Gcol. Survey, 1892 [1893], pp. 181-190.
2 See Gordon, U. S. Gcol Survcj/, Water Supph/ Paper. :U7, 1913. pp. 30-31, 58-rj9.
3 See "A IMei.stoceno Molhi.sciin Fauna from Phillips rKniiity, Kansas," Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. VII, No. 3, 1913, in which a similar south- ward extension of land snails is discussed hy ll;nin:i & .Tohnston.
* Pr. U. S. Nat. Mu.s., xxvi, 408.
5 Pr. Z. S. 1S05. 'J(I3.
« Pr. Ac. N. Sc. I'hiUula. VJOf,. {.. 118.
THK NAITII.rS. SOME SLUGS FROM MEXICO
BY T. D. A. CUCKEKELL,
I'iiiv»>rsitv of ('(i|cirac]ii.
I am iiulebtod to Dr. Paul BartJsch for permission to ex- amine some slu^ wliich were recently sent to the National Museum by Dr. A. L. Ilerrera, Director de Estudios Biolo- gieos, Mexico City.
Li MAX FLAVXTS Liuuaeus.
City of Mexico; numerous specimens of this European species, which is new to Mexico. The specimens belong to the common form in which the dark markings are dark grey or black. This is the variety coluhrinus Piiii, 1876, originally described from Esino in Lombardy, and said to be yellow, the mantle and back broadly and irregularly maculate with black, the black and yellow about equal in amoimt. Pini con- sidered this different from var. maculatus Moquiu-Tandon, wliich he also found at Esino, for whereas the pale areas of colubrinus are yellow (colorless in alcohol), those of ynaculatus are bro\\'u or brownish. The latter variety has been beauti- fully figured in colors by Taylor,^ and as the name given by Mocjuin-Tandon is preoccupied, it has been renamed nigro- maculatus Cockerell.- As a matter of fact these differences are unimportant, and Taylor classes both fonns as phases or subvarieties of var. umhrosus Philippi, 18-44.
The term Limax maculatus seems first to have been used by Nunneley in Trans. Phil, and Lit. Soc. Leeds, vol. 1 (1837), p. 46. Taylor, singularly enough, cites this in the s>nionymy of both Limax maximus and L. flavus. I am indebted to Dr. Bartsch for a copy of Nunneley 's description, wliich indi- cates a slug " of a reddish brown color, with four longitudinal stripes of black, more or less continuous down the boily. . . . The shield is irregularly spotted with black." Tiiis agrees
1 Monograph, Land and Fresh Water MoUusca British Isles, part 11 (1905), pi. X, f. 9.
2 Science Gossip, 1893, p. 25.
28 THE NAUTILUS.
with Taylor's figure of L. maximits var. tigri-s Adams ms.. Taylor, which must be called L. maximus var. maculatus (Niiniieley). This has priority over var. inaculatus Picard, 1840, which is a different form. Picard 's slug is identical with var. cellarius, but this name cannot be credited to d "Argenville, who published before 1758.
AgriolimjVX species.
Desierto de los Leones, one specimen in formalin, collected by Dr. Herrera. About 11 mm. long as preserveil, veiy dark plumbeous, without markings; sole wliitish, with the lateral areas pale grey. Jaw with a very strongly developed central projection, as in A. laevis (Miiller). Median teeth with short ectocones, agreeing with Strebel's figure of A. herendti Stre- bel. Inner laterals tricuspid, with ectocone distinct but endo- cone forming a right angle ^vith base of mesocone, and in the outer laterals becoming obsolete. Marginals with a thomlike outer process or ectocone, recalling A. pallidus Sehrenk, as figured by Lessona and Pollonera.
It is impossible to describe this slug from the material be- fore me, but fresh and abundant material may show it to be a new species, the marginal teeth being apparently distinctive. The color agrees Avith Crosse and Fischer's .4. guotcmMcnsi^, "caeruleonigricans, discus [sole] pallidus,"' but the teeth do not agree. It is quite possible that the slug is A. stemirus Strebel, described from East Mexico, and generally placed in the synonymy of ^1. loevis. Certainly, however, it is not Uicvis.
ON THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF MONROE, CONNECTICUT.
BY ARTHUR P. JACOT
The present paper is a companion to the roi)ort on the land sliolls of this region i)ublished in tlie Nautili's in April, 1919 (vol. 32, no. 4). The town of .Monroe is divided into two drainage areas by a major i-idgo i-iiiininir from southeast to northwest. Monnu' cenlcr is sitnatod on the crest of this
THK NAUTILUH. 29
riilire. (Ja the iioitheast. slope is tJie Roy's Half Way uimI the Half Way Rivei*s (brooks), both of which drain diretMly into the Housatonic River. The former is poor in shells and tisli while the latter is considerably richer. The drainatre on the southwest slope is larger and forms part of much lonj^cr streams which also drain into the Housatonic River or Long Island yound. This section was not carefully studied.
The five stations at which collections were made are (1) Cargyle's Pond, a small, artificial, water-lily pond on the Boy's Half Way; (2) the brook running into the pond about 200 yards above the pond, ou shallow sandy riffles (few or no shells were found below the pond) ; (3) one of the ends of a branch of the Half W^ay, a small, clear, woodland brook ; (4) an upland SAvamp described in the former article; (5) that part of the Housatonic River forming part of the towoi line. ]\Iany of the collections in the river were made about Zoar Bridge. This locality, however, has been entirely wiped out and conditions entirely changed by the construction of a large dam one mile below the bridge, flooding the country back for some ten miles. The conditions below this dam, as at Otter Rock, are still the same. Less than a mile below Otter Rock are the head waters of another flooded area caused by the dam at Shelton. Thus are our wild, swift rivers being changed into expanses of quiet water and certain types of habitat becoming more and more difficult of access.
The SphaeriidsB have very kindly been identified by V. Sterki. Grateful acknowledgment is also due C. W, Jolinson for encouragement and advice.
Strophitus edentulus (Say). Uncommon at 5 in deep, quiet water.
Strophitus undulatus (Say). Data lost.
Anodonta cataracta Say. Uncommon at 5 in deep, quiet water.
Alasmidonta undulata (Say). Fairly common at 5 in shal- low water, among stones.
Alasmidonta marginata (Say). Fairly common at 5 in deep, quiet water.
Unio complauatus (Dillwyn). At 5 and in streams southwest of center.
50 THE NAUTILUS.
Sphaerium sulcatum (Lam.). Farnihill River and tnbutaries
(southwest of center). Sphaerium "somewhat like striatinum," undescribed. Fairly
common at 5 in sand rift, behind large boulders in swift,
shallow water where bed is covered with stone and rocks.
Also reported from I\Iaine by St^^rki. Musculium partumcium (Say). Uncouunon, probably at 1. Musculium securis (Prime). Common at 1. Pisidium. ahditum Haldeman (2 forms). Common at 3, some
in sand rifts, some in mud or silt rifts. Pisidium aeqiiilaterale (Prime). Common at 1, occasional
at 2. Pisidium "somewhat like fallax Sterki". In company with.
Sphccrium (not striatinum). Pisidium griseolum Sterki. Rare at 2. Pisidium monas Sterki "apparently". Rare at 3. Pisidium Occident ale Prime. A few young in a mai'sh}- pool
at head of CargA'le's Pond. Pisidium punctatum Sterld. Rare at 3 in mud rifts. Pisidium punctatum simplex Sterki. Rare at 2 in sandy rifts. Pisidium streatori Sterki. Common at 4. Pisidium suhrotundum Sterki. Uncommon, in company ^\-ith
P. occidentale. Pisidium variahile Prime. Uncommon at 1 and a smaller
form at 2. This latter ■with a mncli larger quantity' of
P. ccquilaterale were found distending the stomach of two
or three Bullheads or Catfish {Ameiuru^ nchulosus Le
Sueur) taken from the pond. Amnicola limosa' (Say). Common at 5, on Potamogeton in
quiet water, also at 1. Lyogurus pupoidea (Gould). Locality uncertain. Physo hetcrostropha (Say). Several at 5, eroded at tip. Physa ancillaria Say. Large and fine at 5 on Potamogeton
in swift water, also at 3 on weed culms. Aplexa hypnorum (Linne). Faii'ly common at 4. but small. Pseudosuccinea columelU (Say). Occasional at 1. Pseudosuccinea columella chalyhea (Gould). Rare in marshy
pool alt head of Cargyle's Pond. Galba ohrussa (Say). Occasional at 5. Planorbis autrosus Conrad. Common at 1. also at 2, on
weeds under road bridge. Planorhis (Men-etus) cxacuous Say. Occasional at 4. Planorhis (Gyraulus) de/lectus Say. Common at r> on Pota-
mogc.tan preferably where tliere is a slight current. Segmentina armigera (Say). Rare at 4.
THE NAUTILUS. 31
Aucylua fujucus C. B. Adams. Coiiinioii at 1. AfuyliuK rivuloris Say. Abunclant. at. 5, on l'o(aniO(/ct&ii, preferably where there is current, strong or weak.
Careful searcli was made for Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say) along the Housatonio to its moutli but none were found.
A NEW DEEP WATER LYONSIELLA
BY W. H. DALL
Ltonsbella magnifica n. sp.
Shell large, thin, pearly, subquadrate, equivalve, vei*y in- equilateral, beaks low and small, prosocoelous ; posterior end produced, rounded, posterior slope somewhat couvexly arched ; anterior slope rapidly descending, abruptly rounded ; basal margin nearly straight ; hinge edentulous, the internal liga- ment long, narrow, parallel with the hinge line ; outer surface polished under a pale olive periostraeum, with an almost microscopic sculpture of radial rows of very minute pustules ; the radii are equal, equally distributed, and average three or four to a millimeter, when measured transversely. Length of shell, 25; anterior end beyond the vertical from the beaks, 4; height, 17 ; diameter, 14 mm. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 266802.
Ott" Cape San Lucas, Lower California, in 63 fathoms, mud and gravel; U. S. Str. Albatross, Dr. Paul Bartsch directing collections.
This is probably the largest species of the genus.
THE STATUS OF TEEEDO BEACHI AND TEREDO NATALIS
BY PAUL BARTSCH
I have so far refrained from commenting on the efforts of Professor Kofoid and his students to discredit the validity of my Teredo bcachi. A review in the Naktilus for Api'il, 1923, on page 140, of Robert. Cunningham IMiller's paper on the "Variations in the Shell of Teredo Navalis in San Fran- cisco Bay," University of California Publications in Zoology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 293-328, bears the following statement,
32 THE NAUTILUS.
which is a slightly abbreviated rendition of Miller's state- ment on page 25 (317) : "The local varieties, including T. heachi Bart-sch, have not been found sufficiently differentiated to warrant their being classed as subspecies, much less as species. ' '
This, I feel, makes it necessary for me to protest lest my silence be construed as concurrence in the opinion of my West Coast critics.
The paper in question is a beautifid intensive study of Teredo heachi Bartsch, and barring the summar\^, in which the systematic status of this species is discussed, a splendid piece of work. It is unfortunate that the author in question, as well as Professor Kofoid himself, has not made an e(iually intensive study of the European Teredo navalis, which I have been unable to find in American waters, before publishing this summary, for I am certain that liad they so done, they themselves would have become acquainted \\'ith the characters that differentiate the navalis group from the Teredo morsei group, to which Teredo heachi belongs.
In Teredo navalis, the denticles on the anterior median area have but a single cusp. In the Teredo morsei gi'oup, t.liey are multicuspid. That at once differentiates the two groups, and there are hosts of other characters thait separate the members of these groups into specific or subspecific ele- ments.
The only member of the navalis group tluit 1 have found so far in American waters is the New England shipworm. Teredo novangliae Bartsch. All the other true Teredos see)i belong to the morsei group, both on tlie East and the West Coast of America.
BERMUDA SHELLS
HY K. G. V.VNATTA
Early in 1922 I\Ir. Iliram Iloyt collected samples of leaf- mould on four islands not mentioned in my i)aper on Ber- muda Sliells in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
THK NAl'TII.rs. 33
Sciences of Philiulelphia, 1910. pagres GG4-672. The following
species of laiul shells weiv picked from this iiiatei'ial :
St. David's LslaxNI)
IlflUella voitrk-osa Draj). Rumifia decollato L.
Eulota simihiris Fei'. Pitevilozanitrs hcrmudrnau Polygi/ra plana Dkr. Pfr.
Thifsanophora sflenina Gld. Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Gastrocopta rupicola Say MiUix (shell only)
Gastrocopfa p. hordeacella Succinea harbadcnsi^ Guild.
Pils. Cariichium hermudensis Giil.
Ohclifcus swiftianus Pfr. Ildkina convcxa. Pfr.
Paget Island
Helicell^i ventricosa Drap. Gastrocopta p. hordeacella. Eulota similari'i Fer. Pils.
Polygiira plana Dkr. Zonitoides minvscnla Binn.
ThijsanopJiora hypolepta Milax (shell oidy)
Shutt. Succinea barhadensi.<; Guild.
Gastrocopta rupicola Say Helicina. canvexa Pfr.
Cooper's Island
Helicelln ventricosa- Drap. Gastrocopta rupicola Say
Eulota si.)nil<iris Fer. Gastrocopta p. hordeacella Polygjira plana Dkr. Pils.
Thysanophora seknina Gld. Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Thysanophora hypolepta Carychium bermudensis Gul.
Shutt. Helicina convcxa- Pfr.
Ireland Island
Helicelki ventricosa Drap. Gastrocopta p. hordeacella
Eulota simihirvi Fer. Pils.
Polyqyra pl/ina Dkr. Rumina decoUata L.
Gastrocopta rupicola Say Zonitoides minuscula- Binn. Gastrocopta barbadensis Pfr.
NOTES.
Note on Fenella, Obtortio and Alabina. — Hedley in 1899 proposed for Rutsoa pyrrhacme Melvill and Standen, which he supposed to belong to Fenella. A. Adams (a preoceupie<l name) the genus Obtortio and gave an excellent figure of the shell and its nucleus, the latter markoil by strong axial rib-
34 THE NAUTILUS.
bing. An examination of specimens of Adams' typical species (from Japan) received from him many years ago, shows that it and tJie Californian species have a nucleus beginning sTnooth and later developing sjjiral sculpture. The difference is sufficient to separate the two groups of which the Japanese and Californian species will continue to bear the name Aluhina (Dall, 1902).— Wm. H. Dall.
Introduced Species of Lymn.ea in Southern California, — I have taken Lijmncca columella Say and Lijmiura auricu- laria. (Linne) from a pond in Exposition Park, Los Angeles, also from a park at Beverly Hills, Cal. Mr. Allen, a local dealer in aquatic plants and goldfish, states that the latter occurs in a number of aquaria and ornamental ponds in this vicinity. They have doubtless been introduced and distributed with lily bulbs. Mr. Allen informs me that L. auricularia occurred in his ponds about three years ago and has been a common occupant since. These two species first came to my notice over a year ago. To my knowledge they have not been previously reported from the western states. — Wendell 0. Gregg, M.D.
We regret to record the death of Frederic William Harmer, which occurred April 11, 1923. He was in his 88th year. Mr. Harmer was the author of the monograph on the Pliocene Mollusca of Great Britain, published by the Palaeontograph- ical Society, the last part appearing in 1919.
Correction. — In the last issue of The Nautilus, page 137, the following should be inserted : — Fewkes, J. Walter, 1889. New Invertebrata from the Coast of California. j>i>. 45-46. Printed for the author. Boston. The citation referred to Fewkes siiould road : — ^IcFarland, F. M.
NoMENCLATlUK OF CkKTAIN SpECIES OF ClIKYSOPOMUS AND
Calliostoma. — For over twenty yeai*s 1 have been using sjiare time in making a card catalogne of every name that I conld find which has been ai)plied 1o any shell from the West
I
Tin: NAi rii.rs. 35
Coast of Iwtli Americas, usiiifjf all liierature accessilde. I liave adtkxl references to all articles coniaiMiM«r fif^ures or de- scriptive matter which could be used in the diagnosis of these shells, with localities; also references to all local lists of shells which exteiuknl the known range. Thanks to the enormous synonymy, which has led to interminable cross references, the number of cards has reached about 12,000 and there is still much to be done.
During my oriental trip from 1913 to 1915 nothing was done, and since my return, bad eyes have prevented me from prosecuting the work. For a few months I have been at it again with renewed zest. A duplieatiou of names and a duplicate description of the same shell which I have recently found seems to need correction.
In the Proc. Nat. :Mus., Vol. 14, 1891, p. 188, Dr. Dall de- scribes Chrysodomus (Sipho) hypolisijus n. sp., from near Bering Island in 45 fathoms. This species appears in his Bul- letin of the Nat. Mus. 112, p. 96, as Colus [LatisipJio) hypo- lispus Dall, 1891. In the Proc. Nat. Mus. for 1920 (issued in 1919), Vol. 56, p. 324, again appears Chrysodomus hypolispus n. sp., evidently a different shell, taken by the Albatross in the Japan Sea in 325 fathoms. As I can find no new name proi)Osed for this shell, I propose that it be called Chryso- domus kclscyi, new name.
In the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Vol. 14, No. 8, p. 118, 1905, Mrs. Williamson de- scribes Calliosioma canaliculatum parvum n. var. This is our common form of C. canaliculatum IMartyn, the typical form being rather rare about San Diego. In the Proc. Nat. ]\Ius. for 1920 (issued in 1919), Vol. 56, p. 360, Dr. Dall gives a brief description of the same variety, basing his description on typical specimens from San Diego, under the name CoUi-o- stoma canaliculatum, new variety nehulosum, whieli name must pa.ss into synonymy.
I wish to add that I would be plea.sed if my catalogue could be made useful to anyone working on West Coast shells, and I will be glad to furnish data to anyone desiring them.
Fred Bakkr.
POIKT LOMA. f'AI... Oct. 10, 19lili,
36 THE NAUTILUS.
The Type of Plotia 'Bolten'. — Plotia, of the Museum Boltcnuinnm, compiled by P. F. Roeding, p. 95, was one of those happy inspirations which should rejoice the hearts of the revivers of Bolten. It contained species referable to the genera Melanokles, Faunus, Liguiis, PyramiddUi, Dorsanum, and several iiomima nuda. Brot in 1874 mentioned Mclania spinulosa Lam. as type, but this species w^as noit in Bolton's (Roeding's) list. In order to get rid of the name in the nomenclature of melauians {Thiarid(c), we here designate Plotia, lineata the type. — H. A. Pilsbry and J, Bequaert.
Dr. Pilsbry sailed from Vancouver, June 29, for Australia, as a delegate representing the Academy of Natural Sciences at the Second Conference of the Pan-Pacific Scientific Con- gress, to meet in Melbourne and Sydney, August 13 to Sept. 3.
Planorbis immunis n. n. — In 1918 (Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz, X, p. 70) I described a new species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as Planorhk co)ifusus, I have since learned that that name had already been used by Rochebrime in 1881 for a Chinese species. I would therefore change the name of the Brazilian species to Pkuiorbis immunis. — Dr. Adolpho
LUTZ.
To celebrate tlie eighty-fifth birthday of Professor Edward S. Morse, some twenty members of the Boston Malacological Club visited him at tlie Peabody Museum in Salem on June the 18th, to congratulate him and wish him years of useful Avork in the future. The visitors were headed by the Presi- dent of the Club, I\Ir. Arthur F. Gray, wlio at an api>roiiriate moment presented Professor Morse with a silver i)itcher and tray suitably inscribed, giving at tlie same time a brief review of some of Professor Morse's work begun in 1856. It was a most enjoyable day for all present.
Fhe Nautilus.
Vol. XXXVII OCTOBER, 1923. No. 2
PARTIAL LIST OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF CATALINA ISLAND
BY A. M. STRONG
Early in July, 1921, during a week of very low tides, the writer made a collecting trip to the Isthmus, Catalina Island, California, in company with Mr. C. E. White of Los Angeles. The result was very satisfactory and the trip was repeated again the following year with equally good results. A number of rare shells were collected as well as some which have not been previously reported from this district, and several hundred specimens secured of an Odostomia which proved to be un- described.
Catilina is one of a chain of islands off the coast of southern California. It lies about 20 miles from the mainland and is included in Los Angeles County. The island, about 21 miles long and 8 miles wide at the widest place, has all the appearance of the summit of a sunken mountain range, and it is commonly considered that at one time it was part of the Coast Range of Central California. Except where the canyons meet the sea, forming coves, with short beaches, the entire island is mountainous. The drop in the ocean floor is nearly as abrupt as that of the land, in some places a depth of 600 feet being reached within half a mile of shore. There are no sand beaches on the island; most of the shore line is sheer rock. At a few places there are bluffs with broken rock
38 THE NAUTILUS.
at their foot; and at the back of the coves, many of which on the lee side of the island are well protected, the short stretches of beach are composed of shingle or small pebbles.
At the Isthmus conditions are a little different from those on the balance of the island. Here Catalina Harbor on the ocean side is an almost landlocked bay a mile or more in depth by half a mile in width, while exactly opposite it Isthmus Cove cuts deeply into the coast line on the land side. The two are separated by a gentle roll of land a half a mile in width. The topography is the same as occurs at a low saddle or pass in a mountain range. Both bays are comparatively shallow and have a considerable protected shore line. While there is no sand beach there are some small areas of mud flats and flat lying reefs of loose rock.
Collecting conditions were ideal. Mine host Gregg of the Isthmus Camp, ably seconded by Mrs. Gregg, furnished us with a comfortable tent-house and boat and equipment, coupled with genuine old-time California cooking and no complaint at irregu- lar hours. Collecting was done in several different ways. The extreme low tides occurring very early in the morning, daylight found us on the rock reefs. After a late breakfast the balance of the morning was spent dredging the bays or examining the kelp fields lying just off the points. The afternoons were usually spent working along the loose rock reefs where there were a few small tide-pools. We found that most of the bottom of the bays was covered with a thi ck growth of moss, making dredging impossible. However, a few small patches of clear sandy mud were located, and these were alive with small shells. While the number of species found in these patches was not very large, some few rare shells were obtained and numbers of specimens of four species seldom seen on the main land. The kelp beds were not very productive, only three species being secured from them. The best collecting was found among the loose rocks on tiie reefs along the liay shores. During our stay a number of abalones were speared for us in from 10 to 15 feet of water. These were taken home and all tlie moss and other growth carefully scraped off thorn. After drying this moss it was carefully examined for small shells. From the abalones
THK NAl'TILUS. 39
secured this year tlio moss yielded over OOU specimens of some 30 species. A number of these were not found under any other conditions.
Our collecting was mainly confined to the more rare species and those not commonly found on the mainland. At the same time we tried to keep a record of everything seen among the more common shells and so have as complete a record as possible of the molluscan fauna of that particular locality. The accompanying list is by no means complete; no dredging was done in over 20 feet of water, and it is known that many otlier species are to be found in the deeper water off the island. The limited time spent on the work, less than two weeks in all, would make it extremely unlikely that the full list of the shore species was obtained. However it is believed that the list is fairly representative of the fauna. The two bays are separ- ated by sixteen miles of shore line and one is on the exposed side of the island while the other is protected from all but occasional storms. A number of species were found only in one bay or the other. The principal reason for this seemed to be different conditions along the limited extent of shore line worked over, and no attempt was made to keep separate lists for the two bays.
The majority of the species on the list were collected or were collectable in large numbers. A few, particularly among the dredged material, were represented by one or two specimens only and in a few other cases dead shells on the beach or picked up by Mrs. Gregg after storms were all that were seen. No attempt was made to secure quantitative results. Many mollusks live in colonies or travel in schools. The finding of a few strays would seem to indicate the presence of limited numbers only, while collecting at some different season or the examination of some overlooked point nearby would show them present in large numbers. To secure quantitative results of any value requires detailed collecting extended over a long period of time. The most noticable difference between collect- ing at the Isthmus and at similar places on the mainland was the scarcity of limpets and chitons, both in number of species and in number of individuals, the apparent absence of Acanthi an, and the wealth of material among the smaller species.
40 THE NAUTILUS,
The principal value of lists such as this one lies in the infor- mation to be secured for the study of the distribution of the fauna by comparison with similar lists from other localities. In the Nautilus, Vol. 31, page 103, Mr. E. P. Chace gives a list of nearly 100 species that were collected at Anaheim Bay, a point on the mainland some 30 miles from the Isthmus. Comparing the two lists shows but 24 species which are on both. In the Anaheim Bay list, shells inhabiting sandy shores and muddy bays predominate while our Catalina list those inhabit- ing rocky coasts. Packard in his Molluscan Fauna from San Francisco Bay (Univ. of Cal. , Pub. in Zoology, Vol. 14, No. 2) lists 194 species and varieties from San Francisco Bay, the Farallone Islands and dredged between the Islands and the mainland. This list contains 34 species which are on the Anaheim Bay list and 24 species that we found at Catalina. Only 10 species are common to all three lists. The comparison would seem to indicate a closer relation of the mainland fauna at Anaheim Bay to the more northern fauna at San Francisco than is the case with the island fauna at Catalina.
Another and probably better method of comparing faunas from different localities is by means of the prevailing direction of the known ranges. The Catalina list may be divided as follows; 20 species, or 12 per cent of a limited local known range; 43 species or 28 per cent, with an approximately equal range to the north and to the south; 26 species, or 17 per cent, whose range to the north by latitude is twice or more than that to the south; 66 species, or 43 per cent, whose range to the south by latitude is twice or more than that to the north. The Anaheim Bay list shows 3 per cent local, 32 per cent of equal range, 23 per cent with a northern range, and 41 per cent with a southern range. The San Francisco list has 13 per cent local or with uncertain range, 10 per cent with equal range, 40 per cent with a northern range, and 28 per cent with a southern range. This comparison shows the Catalina and Anahein Bay lists to be 0(iualiy southern in their characteristics, while the San Francisco list is distinctly northern.
The list of species and varieties collected, 155 in all, follows:
THE NAUTILUS.
41
Solemya (Petrasma) pana-
mensis Dall a Philobrya setosa Cpr. a Ostrea palniula Cpr. a Pecten (Plagioctenium) circu-
laris aequisulcatus Cpr. Hinnites giganteus Gray Lima (Mantellum) dehiscens
Conr. Mytilus californianu8 Conr. Mytilus adamsianus Dunker. Mytilus multiformis Cpr. a Modiolus (Gregariella) opifex
Say a Septifer bifurcatus Rve. Crenella decussata Montagu, a Lyonsia gouldi Dall a Cardita subquadrata Cpr. Milneri kelseyi Dall Chama pellucida Sby. Diplodonta orbella Gould Phacoides (Callucina) califor-
nica Conr. Phacoides (Parvilucina) tenu-
isculpta Cpr. a Lasaea rubra Mont, a Cardium (Fragum) biangu-
latum Sby. Cardium (Laevicardium) sub-
striatum Conr. Transennella tantilla Gould a Pitaria newcombiana Gabb Chione succincta Val. Psephidia lordi Baird a Psephidia salmonea Cpr. a Cooperella subdiaphana Cpr. Tellina (Angulus) carpenteri
Dall a
Tellina (Oudardia) buttoni
Dall a Semelc pacifica, Dall a Cumingia lamellosa Sby. Psammobia californicus Conr. Tagelus californianus Conr. Cryptomya californica Conr. Acteocina culcitella Gld. a Bullaria gouldiana Pils. Haminaea virescens Sby. Pleurobranchus digneti Roch. Gadina reticulata Sby. Conus californicus Hinds Mangilia pulchrior Dall a Mangilia tersa Dall a Cytharella merita Hinds a ? Daphnella fuscoligata Dall a Olivella biplicata Sby. Marginella regularis Cpr. a Marginella (Hyalina) califor- nica Tomlin Cystiscus politulus Dall a Merovia pyriformis Cpr. a Strigatella (Atrimitra) idse
Melvill Strigatella (Atrimitra) cata-
linae Dall Mitromorphia filosa Cpr. Fusinus kobelti Dall Fusinus luteopictus Dall Macron lividus A. Adams Alectrion (Schizopyga) perpin-
guis Hinds Alectrion (Schizopyga) men-
dica Gould Alectrion (Schizopyga) cooperi
Forbes Anachis penicillata Cpr. a
42
THE NAUTILUS.
Columbella (Alia) carinata
Hinds Columbella (Alia) hypodra
Dalla Amphissa versicolor Dall a Murex (Triremis) gemma Sby. Purpura nuttallii Conr. Tritonalia circumtexta Stearns Tritonalia interfossa Cpr. Tritonalia gracillima Stearns a Tritonalia foveolata Hinds Epitonium (Opalia) crenimar-
ginata Dall Epitonium (Nitidoscala) tinc-
tum Cpr. lanthina eiigua Lamarck Pyramidella (Longchaeus)
adamsi Cpr. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) kel-
seyi Bartsch b Turbonilla (Mormula) penta-
lopha D. & B. 6 Odostomia (Chrysallida) helga
D. & B. 6 Odostomia (Chrysallida) pulcia
D. & B. 6 Odostomia (Chrysallida) cata-
linensis Bartsch b Odostomia (Chrysallida) Clem- entina D. & B. b Odostomia (Chrysallida) cincta
Cpr. /' Odostomia (Ividella) pedroana
D. &K b Odostomia (Ividella) navisa
1). & B. b Odostomia (Miralda) aepynota
D. & B. i
Odostomia (Evalina) ameri- cana D. & B. b
Odostomia (Evalea) tenuis- culpta Cpr. b
Odostomia (Evalea) phanella D. & B. b
Odostomia (Evalea) strong! Bartsch b
Odostomia (Amaura) subtur- rita D. & B.
Cypraea spadicea Swains.
Trivia solandri Gray
Erato columbella Mke.
Trifora pedroana Bartsch b
Sella montereyensis Bartsch b
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) antefilosa Bartsch b
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) oxys Bartsch b
Bittium (Lirobittium) inter- fossa Cpr. b
Bittium (Lirobittium) attenu- atum Cpr. b
Bursa californica Hinds
Caecum dalli Bartsch b
Caecum californicum Dall b
Fartulum orcutti Dall b
Aletes squamigerue Cpr.
Petaloconchus montereyensis Dall (/
Vermiculum anellum Morch a
SpiroglyphuB lituoUus Morch a
Littorina planaxis Pil.
Littorina (Melaraphe) scutu- lata Gould
Lacuna unifasciata Cpr. a
Lacuna marmorata Dall a
Iselica fenestrata Cpr. a
THE NAUTILUS.
43
Diala marmorea Cpr. a Harleeia subtenuis Cpr, a Barleeia haliotiphila Cpr. b Harloeia californica Bartsch b Alvania aequisculpta Keep b Alvauia cosmia Bartsch 6 Amphithahmius inclususCpr. b Rissoina kelseyi D. & B. 6 Rissoina dalli Bartsch b Syncera translucens Cpr. b Truncatella stimpsoni Stearns a Capulus californicus Dall a Hipponix antiquatus Linn Hipponix tumens Cpr. Crepidula onyx Sby. Crepidula (Crepipatella) lingu-
lata Gld. Crepidula (lanicus) nummer-
ius Gld. Polinices (Neverita) recluziana
alta Dall a Acmaea limatula Morch Acmaea scabra Gld. Acmaea paleacea Gld. Phasianella pulloidea Cpr. a Phasianella (Eulithidum) typi-
cum Dall a Aatraea (Pomaulax) undosus
Wood Leptothyra carpenteri Pils.
a Specimens identified by Dr
b Specimens identified by Dr
c Specimens identified by Dr
Leptothyra bacula Cpr. Liotia fenestrata Cpr. a Liotia acuticostata Cpr. a Norrissia norrisii Sby. Tegula (Chlorostoma) gallina
Fbs. Tegula (Chlorostoma) gallina
umbiiicatum Dall a Tegula (Omphalius) aurotinc-
tus Fbs. Tegula (Omphalius) ligulatus
Mke. Calliostoma splendens Cpr. Margarites (Lirularia) parci-
picta Cpr. a Haliotis cracherodii Leach Haliotis fulgens Phil. Haliotis corrugata Gray Fissurella volcana Rve. Fisaurella volcana crucifera
Dall Megathura crenulata Sby. Megatebennus bimaculatus Dall Cyanoplax hartwegii Cpr. c Ischnochiton (Lepidozona)
pectinulatus Cpr. c Ischnochiton (Lepidozona)
asthenes Berry c Acanthochitona avicula Cpr. c
. Wm. H. Dall.
. Paul Bartsch.
. S. Stillman Berry.
44 THE NAUTILUS.
r. C. METISCHEN IN THE ZOOPHYLACITJM GRONOVIANITM
Explanatory Note
BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL
The work of Gronovius * although published long after the in- troduction of the Linnean system of nomenclature, had no specific names, merely diagnoses of species under named genera, consisting of a few lines of description. After the death of the author the last fascicule of the work was edited by Meuschen who supplied a list of specific names in the Linnean sense, as stated in the preface by Boddaert, arranged alphabetically and referring to Gronovius' species by their serial numbers. If one wants to find the Meuschenian name for a particular diagnosis one has to go over the entire list until the serial number catches the eye, as the names are alphabetically arranged and the serial numbers not arranged at all.
On account of this inconvenience and of the inaccessibility of the work for the average student it seemed worth while to list the names, many of which are earlier than those of Gmelin (1791-2), 80 that preoccupied specific names might be elimin- ated without the labor now required.
It should be noted that there are many misprints in the Meuschen index, some omissions, and several incorrect spel- lings; the latter are herein indicated by cross references. Most names identical with those proposed by Linnaeus in the 10th and 12th editions of the Systema Naturae are here omitted, and with few exceptions only the new names proposed by Meuschen and taking date of 1781 are catalogued. Much confusion has been caused by assigning an erroneously early date for the part of Gmelin' 8 edition of the Sydcma w hich contains the mollusks. This cannot date earlier than 1791, and it is not impossible that a large part of it was not published until 1792. One not
' Zoophylacii / (irnnoviani / fasciculus tcrlius / ex h ibens / Vermes / Mol- lusca, testacea / et Zoophyta. / Lanr. Thcodorus (Jronoviiis; Lupduni Hata- vorum ; fasc. Ill, Vermes te«tacea ; folio, 17S], pp. 25(1-352, pi. XVllI- XIX ; Index by Meuschen, 5 pages not numbered.
THE NAUTILUS. 45
infreqiuMitly finds a name of Gmelin's referred to 1788, which is the date of puhhoation of one of the earlier volumes of the series, but not of the volume containing the Testacea.
Some years ago after a hasty examination of a defective copy of this work, I ventured the opinion that it was not binomial in the Linnean sense and should only be quoted historically. A recent opportunity of consulting a copy of this extremely- rare volume containing Meuschen's Index has convinced me that this conclusion was erroneous. The preface states that the index is prepared on the Linnean system. There are in a list of 280 species only seven trinomials, two of which are taken from Linnaeus, and of those under Valuta three which have the name Mitra intercalated, presumably in a subgeneric sense, as is done by Linnaeus in his tenth edition.'
I am therefore somewhat regretfully obliged to consider that the names in the index must be considered valid. Only one generic name, Amphiperas, is introduced, but a number of specific names in more or less common use will be affected. In the Museum Geversianum, 1787, Meuschen proposes a system of Molluscan classification which is distinctly his own and not Linnean, partly polynomial and the names put in the plural. The other groups, vertebrates and insects, were bi- nominally treated.
His octavo Index of the Museum Gronovianum, 1778, I have not seen, but it is cited by Sherborn in the Index Animalium as containing new species, though rejected by most authors who have examined it.
Binomial Specific Names Applied by Meuschen to the
Nameless Species of Gronovius' Zoophylacium, 1781.
(Alphabetically Arranged.)
|
Species. |
Genus. |
Serial No. |
Page. |
|
achatina |
(Helix) |
1558 |
334 |
|
aculeatus |
(Cardium) |
1121 |
265 |
|
admiralis |
(Con us) |
1234 |
284 |
|
albida |
(Venus) |
1148 |
270 |
|
albumen |
(Buccinum) |
1377 |
308 |
*Cf. Valuta Mitra epUcopalig, Syst. Nat. ed. X, p. 732, No. 3^3.
|
4b THE NAUTILUS. |
||
|
amaranthus { |
Conus) |
1245 |
|
ambigua < |
^Haliotis) |
1599 |
|
ambiguus? ( |
:Turbo) |
1518 |
|
ambustus |
:;Murex) |
1431 |
|
ammiralis ( |
I^Conus) see |
admiralis |
|
ammonoides |
Nautilus) |
1220 |
|
anipullacea |
:Bulla) |
1295 |
|
ampullacea |
^Helix) |
1550 |
|
an at in us |
(Mya) |
1094 |
|
angulosa |
(Venus) |
1160 |
|
antiqua |
(Patella) |
1614 |
|
antiquata |
(Patella) |
1612 |
|
anus ( |
^Murex) |
1460 |
|
aporrhais ( |
(Strom bus) |
1393 |
|
arausiaca ( |
^Nerita) |
1578 |
|
arausiaca flava ( |
^Nerita) |
1581 |
|
argonautaea ( |
^Sepia) |
1028 |
|
aruanus ' |
'Murex) |
1464 |
|
atra ( |
Nerita) |
1596 |
|
auricularia ( |
:Helix) |
1551 |
|
Auris Judae |
(Bulla) |
1306 |
|
babilonicus ( |
Murex) |
1459 |
|
babylonius ( |
Murex) see |
babilonicus |
|
bajet ( |
Ostrea) |
1190 |
|
balaustina ( |
Tellina) see |
balaustrina |
|
balauBtrina ( |
Tellina) |
1112 |
|
barbadensis ( |
Patella) |
1637 |
|
beccari ( |
Nautilus) |
1218 |
|
beccarii ( |
Nautilus) see beccari |
|
|
bezoar ( |
Murex) |
1447 |
|
bullatus |
^ Conus) |
1247 |
|
cana ( |
;Helix) |
1557 |
|
cancrena ( |
Nerita) |
1575 |
|
canrena |
''Nerita) see cana'cna |
|
|
canteriata |
(Ostrea) |
1196 |
|
capensis ( |
Patella) |
1626 |
|
caperata i |
^ Venus) |
1140 |
|
capitaneus |
T'onus) |
1233 |
|
ca()itellura ( |
Murex) |
1446 |
|
capucinus |
(Voluta) |
1329 |
|
caput-serpentis ( |
Turbo) |
1510 |
|
caput-scrpentis |
[Nerita) |
1587 |
|
carbunoulus |
(Murex) |
1423 |
|
carocolla |
(Helix) |
1539 |
|
carocolla dentata ( |
(Helix) |
1537 |
286 341 328 315
282 294 333 261 271 344 344 320 310 338 338 244 320 340 333 296 319
297
363 348 282
318 286 334 337
277 346 268 284 818 300 327 339 314 331 331
|
THK NAUTILUS. |
47 |
||
|
carrosa |
^Cypraea) |
1281 |
291 |
|
casina |
;^ Venus) see cassina |
||
|
ciissina |
(Venus) |
1142 |
269 |
|
ceratus |
^Conus) |
1225 |
283 |
|
cetra ( |
[Patella) |
1618 |
345 |
|
cicatricosum ( |
I^Buccinum) |
1350 |
303 |
|
cicatrix ( |
^Cypraea) |
1282 |
292 |
|
cinctus ( |
;;Murex) |
1476 |
322 |
|
cipmannianus |
Con us) |
1240 |
286 |
|
Chania granosa |
Venus) |
1153 |
270 |
|
chione ( |
'Venus) |
1145 |
269 |
|
chionea |
'Venus) |
1144 |
269 |
|
clava ( |
Mvtilus) |
1207 |
279 |
|
clavula ( |
Tatella) |
1634 |
348 |
|
coerulescens ( |
Patella) |
1633 |
348 |
|
convoluta i |
'Murex) |
1462 |
320 |
|
cor ( |
^Chama) |
1168 |
273 |
|
corniculatus ( |
Murex) |
1457 |
319 |
|
cornu damae ( |
Helix) |
1543 |
332 |
|
cornutum \ |
Buccinum) |
1341 |
302 |
|
cortex ( |
Amphiperas) |
1293 |
293 |
|
cremor ( |
Tellina) |
1113 |
263 |
|
crenulatum i |
Buccinum) |
1379 |
308 |
|
cuspidata ( |
Patella) |
1621 |
345 |
|
cyclaminum { |
Helix) |
1545 |
332 |
|
cymbiu i |
Voluta) see cymhium |
||
|
cymbium ( |
Voluta) |
1335 |
301 |
|
cymbium ( |
Argonauta) |
1215 |
281 |
|
cymbula noae ( |
'Area) |
1170 |
273 |
|
delator ( |
Murex) |
1440 |
317 |
|
depyga i |
Venus) |
1156 |
271 |
|
distortus ( |
Murex) |
1441 |
317 |
|
dolaboratoides ( |
Trochus) |
1501 |
326 |
|
dolabratus ( |
Helix) |
1574 |
337 |
|
dolarium \ |
Murex) |
1449 |
318 |
|
diiplicatum ( |
Buccinum) |
1383 |
308 |
|
edula ( |
Cardium) |
1129 |
266 |
|
edule ( |
Cardium) see edula |
||
|
electrica ( |
Anomia) see electrum |
||
|
electrum I |
Anemia) |
1203 |
278 |
|
elephantinoides ( |
Dentalium) |
1641 |
349 |
|
entalis ( |
Dentaliura) |
1642 |
349 |
|
ephippium i |
'Anomia) |
1199 |
278 |
|
erpina ( |
'Venus) |
1143 |
269 |
|
erycina ( |
Venus) see erpina |
|
45 THE NAUTILUS. |
|||
|
exuvia ( |
Nerita) |
1594 |
340 |
|
faber ( |
Trochus) |
1492 |
324 |
|
fabula ( |
Tellina) |
1111 |
263 |
|
fasciata i |
Helix) |
1572 |
337 |
|
fasciata ( |
Ostrea) |
1187 |
276 |
|
fasciatum ( |
Buccinum) |
1357 |
304 |
|
fastue 1 |
Voluta) |
1312 |
297 |
|
fenestralis ( |
Venus) |
1149 |
270 |
|
fimbria ( |
Tethys) |
1016 |
242 |
|
flammeu ( |
Buccinum) seeflavimeum |
||
|
flammeum ( |
Buccinum) |
1343 |
302 |
|
flammeum ( |
Buccinum) |
1381 |
308 |
|
folliculum ( |
Bulla) |
1307 |
296 |
|
forata ( |
'Anomia) |
1198 |
278 |
|
fornicariuB ( |
Tatella) |
1604 |
342 |
|
frameum |
^Buccinum) |
1384 |
309 |
|
frondea ( |
Tatella) |
1610 |
344 |
|
fucata ( |
:Tellina) |
1106 |
262 |
|
fuscator ( |
'Murex) |
1480 |
322 |
|
fuscatus ( |
'Murex) |
1477 |
322 |
|
fusus 1 |
^ Murex) |
1458 |
319 |
|
gallopavus |
'Strombus) |
1413 |
313 |
|
gallulus |
'Strombus) |
1402 |
311 |
|
gari |
[Venus) |
1152 |
270 |
|
generalis |
(Con us) |
1231 |
284 |
|
gibber |
; Nerita) |
1586 |
339 |
|
gigantea |
(Ostrea) |
1194 |
277 |
|
gigantina |
(Chama) |
1164 |
272 |
|
gigas |
[Ostrea) |
1195 |
277 |
|
glabra |
(Tellina) |
1104 |
262 |
|
glaciale |
(Buccinum) |
1373 |
307 |
|
globulus |
(Cypraea) |
1288 |
292 |
|
granulatum |
(Buccinum) |
1388 |
309 |
|
granulatus |
(Murex) |
1478 |
322 |
|
granulatus |
(Trochus) |
1483 |
323 |
|
gyrus |
'Trochus) |
1487 |
323 |
|
liaustor |
1^ Murex) |
1481 |
322 |
|
hecticu |
( lUiccinum) see hcd |
icum |
|
|
hecticum |
(liuccinum) |
1380 |
308 |
|
hiHtrix? |
(Murex) |
1445 |
317 |
|
hystrix |
(Murex) see hist7'ix |
||
|
ignomon |
[Strombus) |
1412 |
313 |
|
ini])eriali8 |
(Con us) |
1224 |
283 |
|
indigo |
(Nerita) |
1590 |
339 |
|
islandicus |
(Murex) |
1471 |
321 |
|
THE NAUTILUS. |
49 |
||
|
ispidula |
(Voluta) |
1310 |
297 |
|
jacobaea |
(OKtrea) |
1177 |
274 |
|
janthina |
(Murex) |
1452 |
319 |
|
jecusculum |
(Helix) |
1549 |
333 |
|
jubar iaciniosa |
(Patella) |
1630 |
347 |
|
(Patella) see |
lacinosa |
||
|
lacinosa |
(Patella) |
1628 |
347 |
|
lampadophora |
(Helix) |
1540 |
331 |
|
lanceatura ? |
(Buccinum) |
1386 |
309 |
|
langula |
(Patella) |
1620 |
345 |
|
lateraria |
(Patella) |
1613 |
344 |
|
lentiginosiformis |
(Strombus) |
1399 |
311 |
|
leptocaryon |
(Buccinum) |
1375 |
307 |
|
lignarius |
(Murex) |
1465 |
320 |
|
lineata |
(Helix) |
1569 |
336 |
|
lineata |
(Venus) |
1161 |
271 |
|
lineata |
(Voluta) |
1325 |
299 |
|
litteratorius |
(Conus) |
1226 |
283 |
|
livida |
(Voluta) |
1313 |
297 |
|
lucorum |
(Helix) |
1564 |
334 |
|
luhuanus |
(Strombus) |
1400 |
311 |
|
lunicula |
(Patella) |
1631 |
347 |
|
lunulata |
(Bulla) |
1305 |
296 |
|
lutea |
(Cypraea) |
1275 |
291 |
|
lutea |
(Nerita) |
1585 |
339 |
|
maculatus |
(Voluta) |
1311 |
297 |
|
mammillana |
(Nerita) |
1580 |
338 |
|
marginatus |
(Strombus) |
1401 |
311 |
|
maxima |
(Ostrea) see maximus |
||
|
maximus |
(Ostrea) |
1178 |
274 |
|
millepedarius |
(Strombus) |
1395 |
310 |
|
mitra |
(Helix) |
1564 |
335 |
|
Mitra cardinalis |
(Voluta) |
1327 |
299 |
|
Mitra episcopalis |
(Voluta) |
1328 |
300 |
|
Mitra papalis |
(Voluta) |
1330 |
300 |
|
monachus |
(Conus) |
1248 |
286 |
|
moneta |
(Venus) |
1157 |
271 |
|
morio |
(Trochus) |
1498 |
325 |
|
musculus |
(Cypraea) |
1276 |
291 |
|
mustelina |
(Nerita) |
_ 1582 |
338 |
|
neriteu |
(Buccinum) |
see neriteum |
|
|
neriteum |
(Buccinum) |
1360 |
305 |
|
niloticus |
(Trochus) |
1482 |
323 |
|
nodulus |
(Helix) |
1538 |
331 |
|
nucea |
(Voluta) |
1319 |
298 |
|
5U |
THE NAUTILUS. |
||
|
nucleus |
(Ostrea) |
1188 |
276 |
|
nyritodys |
(Voluta) |
1334 |
301 |
|
oculata |
(Cypraea) |
1271 |
290 |
|
Oculus capri ? |
(Helix) |
1544 |
332 |
|
Oculus caprimulgi |
(Helix) |
1548 |
333 |
|
oleariu |
(Buccinum) |
see olearium |
|
|
olearium |
(Buecinum) |
1337 |
301 |
|
olearius ? |
(Turbo) |
1513 |
327 |
|
oliva |
(Helix) |
1546 |
333 |
|
oliva |
(Nerita) |
1588 |
339 |
|
oliva |
(Voluta) |
1309 |
296 |
|
OS roseum |
(Helix) |
1573 |
337 |
|
OS rubrum |
(Helix) |
1647 |
333 |
|
pagona |
(Venus) |
1159 |
271 |
|
pallida |
(Bulla) |
1301 |
295 |
|
palma |
(Conus) |
1237 |
285 |
|
palmea |
(Bulla) |
1304 |
296 |
|
palustris |
(Trochus) |
1500 |
325 |
|
patullum |
(Buccinum) |
1363 |
305 |
|
patulum |
(Buccinum) |
see patullum |
|
|
pectinata |
(Patella) |
1615 |
344 |
|
pensylvania |
(Venus) |
1155 |
271 |
|
pensylvanica |
(Venus) see |
pensylvania |
|
|
perspectiviunculus |
(Trochus) |
1486 |
323 |
|
perspeculatus |
(Trochus) |
1485 |
323 |
|
perversibiliformis |
(Murex) |
1472 |
321 |
|
perversibilis |
(Murex) |
1473 |
321 |
|
perversus |
(Murex) |
1468 |
321 |
|
physis |
(Bulla) |
1298 |
295 |
|
pileare |
(Murex) |
1438 |
316 |
|
pisum |
(Cypraea) |
1287 |
292 |
|
plana |
(Mya) |
1090 |
260 |
|
polita |
(Nerita) |
1597 |
340 |
|
porphyria |
(Voluta) |
1308 |
296 |
|
praemorsum |
(Buccinum) |
see praei'osum |
|
|
praerosum |
(Buccinum) |
1370 |
307 |
|
priamus |
(Helix) |
1561 |
335 |
|
pugilis |
(Strombus) |
1404 |
311 |
|
purpureus |
(Mytilus) |
1208 |
279 |
|
pyra |
(Trochus) |
1496 |
325 |
|
pyrura |
(Voluta) |
1318 |
298 |
|
radiata |
(Tellina) see |
) radicata |
|
|
radicata |
(TelHna) |
1109 |
263 |
|
radula |
(Ostrea) |
1185 |
276 |
|
ranieus |
(Murex) |
1429 |
815 |
|
THE NAUTILUS. |
51 |
||
|
ram ulceus |
'Murex) |
1425 |
315 |
|
mnula |
(Murex) |
1487 |
316 |
|
rapacia |
(Murex) |
1454 |
319 |
|
remier |
(Tellina) |
1114 |
264 |
|
remies |
(Tellina) see remier |
||
|
rogata |
(Cardium) |
1125 |
266 |
|
rostrata |
(Helix) |
1565 |
336 |
|
ruber |
(Conus) |
1230 |
284 |
|
rustica |
(Patella) |
1623 |
346 |
|
rusticulum |
(Buccinum) |
1367 |
306 |
|
saccharinoidea |
(Patella) |
1632 |
347 |
|
sanguinea |
(Ostrea) |
1183 |
275 |
|
scansorius |
(Conus) |
1238 |
285 |
|
scapha |
(Area) |
1173 |
274 |
|
scaphaciuncula |
(Area) |
1174 |
274 |
|
scobinata |
(Anomia) |
1202 |
278 |
|
scortum |
(Donax) see scrotum |
||
|
scrotum |
(Donax) |
1133 |
267 |
|
scrobilator |
(Murex) |
1434 |
316 |
|
Solaris |
(Trochus) |
1488 |
323 |
|
spathula |
(Patella) |
1605 |
342 |
|
spinosum |
(Buccinum) |
1344 |
302 |
|
spiriiloides |
(Murex) |
1456 |
319 |
|
spirillus |
(Murex) |
1455 |
319 |
|
spondyloidea |
(Ostrea) |
1189 |
276 |
|
spurius |
(Conus) |
1239 |
286 |
|
squamosa |
(Venus) |
1154 |
270 |
|
stimulus |
(Trochus) |
1497 |
325 |
|
striatum |
(Buccinum) |
1345 |
302 |
|
striatum |
(Buccinum) |
1385 |
309 |
|
strigatum |
(Buccinum) |
1387 |
309 |
|
strigilatum |
(Buccinum) |
1382 |
208 |
|
striosa |
(Tellina) |
1108 |
263 |
|
subulatum |
(Buccinum) |
1378 |
308 |
|
surgeonella |
(Patella) |
1639 |
349 |
|
syrmatophora |
(Mya) |
1093 |
260 |
|
tabacea |
(Anomia) |
1201 |
278 |
|
tigerina |
(Tellina) |
1115 |
264 |
|
tigris |
(Cypraea) |
1252 |
287 |
|
trogiloides |
(Cypraea) |
1262 |
288 |
|
tuber |
(Trochus) eeefaber |
||
|
tuberosum |
(Buccinum) |
1349 |
303 |
|
tumulosa |
(Cypraea) |
1259 |
288 |
|
turris |
(Buccinum) |
1390 |
309 |
|
umbilicata, |
(Helix) |
1541 |
331 |
|
52 |
THE NAUTILUS. |
||
|
unicolor |
(Conus) |
1229 |
284 |
|
urceolus |
(Strombus) |
1417 |
313 |
|
varia |
(Ostrea) |
1182 |
275 |
|
vatan |
(Ostrea) |
1191 |
277 |
|
verrucosa |
(Cypraea) |
1279 |
291 |
|
versura |
(Venus) |
1150 |
270 |
|
vespertilio |
(Voluta) |
1332 |
300 |
|
virginea |
(Nerita) |
1591 |
339 |
|
virgineu |
(Buccinum) see virgineum |
||
|
virgineum |
(Buccinum) |
1369 |
307 |
|
vitellus |
(Nerita) |
1583 |
338 |
|
vivisicata |
(Helix) |
1571 |
337 |
|
ziczaciuncula |
(Cypraea) |
1263 |
289 |
|
zonaria |
(Helix) |
1556 FLORIDA |
334 |
|
THE MARINE SHELLS OF SANIBEL, |
|||
|
BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH |
Late in the summer of 1921, a trip was undertaken to Sanibel Island, Florida, for the purpose of collecting mollusks. Arriving there the second week in August, collecting was carried on until the middle of September.
This cresent-shaped island is located on the west coast of Florida, about 130 miles north of Key West and two miles from the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River. It is sixteen miles long and five miles wide near the center. The eastern end of the island runs out to a narrow point, at the extremity of which is located the Sanibel light-house. The north-west portion is somewhat broader and is separated from Captiva Island to the north by a shallow strait known as Blind Pass.
Mollusks were found along the entire beach fronting on the Gulf and were especially al)undant near the light-house, where the sand bars were much wider and longer. Collections were also made at Clam Bayou, a small shallow bay open- ing into Blind Pass, and at Tarpon Bay, a large bay on the north side of the island. Tarpon Bay, with the exception of a narrow outlet, is surrounded by a mangrove swamp, and all species listed as from Tarpon Bay include this swamp area, as well.
THE NAUTILUS. 53
Many shells formerly common on Sanibel have disappeared, while others have become quite rare. The abundance of shell* on the island, especially the larger and more showy species, attracts many tourist-collectors during the winter season, for the purpose of collecting. This miglit in part explain the paucity of many of these forms that were abundant a few years ago. It is (juite probable that the shifting of many sand bars and the destruction of portions of the beach by wave action which has taken place in the last few years has also aided in decreas- ing the shell fauna. Examples of this are Oliod sai/ana and Slroml>ii.s pugili;^, at one time very common but now found but occasionally.
There were many species, however, which were very abund- ant along the entire beach, such as Terebra dislocnta and Doiutx variabilis. The former was the most common of all the beach species and at low tide the exposed bars were covered with a network of their irregular tracks, the animals themselves being partially buried in the sand. The Donax was found in patches eight to ten feet wide, the location of which could easily be determined from a distance by the groups of shore birds feeding upon them. Dead specimens of Cardiuni robustum were found in abundance along high-water mark, and occasional living specimens on the outer sand bars.
In the vicinity of Tarpon Bay, Litorina angulifera was very common on the roots and lower branches of the mangrove. MelampuA hidloides and M. coffeus gwndlachi were collected in the thickets bordering the bay, and in the bay proper Cerithium minimum with the two varieties nigresceas and septemstriatam were usually found on exposed sand flats and in all shallow water, especially on submerged palmetto logs. Bmycon peroer- sus and Melongena corona occurred on both the beach and bay sides of the island, the beach forms being lightly marked and heavy, the bay forms usually covered with marine growths and of a lighter weight. Large clusters of the "coon" oyster, Ostrea virginica, covered the air roots of the mangrove trees and the wharf pilings. These "tree oysters" as they are some- times called, presented a striking appearance at low tide when they were exposed to view.
54 THE NAUTILUS.
Following is a list of the marine moUusks collected on the Island. I am indebted to Mr. C. W. Johnson and Mr. W. F. Clapp who have kindly aided me in identifying the material.
Tarpon Bay
Ostrea virginica Gmel. On mangrove roots, wharf pilings.
Plicatula gibbosa Dall. Rare.
Pecten gibbus irridians Lam. Not common.
Parastarte triquetra Conr. Valves only. Dredged in sand.
Codakia orbiculata Mont. Rare. Single valves only.
Anovialocardia cuneimeris Conr. Valves only. Sand and mud.
Transennela stimpsoni Dall. One single valve.
Cyrena floridana Conr. Many single valves.
Phacoides fioridana Conr. Common. Sand.
Tell'ma tampaensis Conr. Common.
Macoma constricta Conr. Rare. Sand and mud.
Lyonsia floridana Conr. Rare.
Actaeon punctostriatus C. B. Ad. Common, sand.
Tornatina canaliculata Say. Dead, sand and mud.
Melampus coffeus gundlachi Pfr. Common, grass and thickets
about bay. Melampus buUoides Mont. Rare, found with M. gundlachi. Mangilia stellata Stearns. Common, sand and mud. Olivella mutica Say. Common, sand. Marginella apicina Menke. Rather common, sand. Fasciolaria tulipa Linn. Rare, sand flats. Fasciolaria distans Lam. Common, sand flats. Busycon perversus hinn. Common, sand flats. (Also found on
Gulf side). Busycon pynim Dill. Rare. Sand flats. Melongena corona Gmel. Sand flats. (Also on Gulf side). Alectrion vibex Say. Sand and mud, common. Muricidea floridana Conr. Dead, sand and mud. Rare. ? Pyraniidula producta C. B. Ad. Rare. Sand. ? Pyramidida Jaxca C. B. Ad. Rare, sand and mud. Bittiuiii varinm Pfr. Common, sand and mud. Cerithium muscarum Say. Common, sand flats. Cerithium minimum Gmel. Common, sand flats. Cerithium mininium nigre-'icens Menke. Very abundant, sand
flats. Cerilhin.m mininijuii se}>lenvitriatum Say. Common, sand flats. (Jerithidea scahirifornm Say. Not common, mangrove swamp. (^erilhidf.a lurrita Stearns. Common, sand flats. Modulus flordianus Conr. Common, sand and mud.
THE NAUTILUS. 55
Litorina angrdijera Lain. Very common, on mangrove trees. Crepidida gtauca Say. Common, on sea-grass.
Beach
Anomia simplex d,Orh. Dead, common.
Pecten exaspcrntus Sowb. Dead, very common.
Pinna mvricata Linn. Dead, high-water mark.
Pinna seminuda Lam. Dead, not common.
Mytdm exuMus Linn. Not common, attached to king crabs.
Modiolus tidipus Lam. Only one specimen found at high-water line.
Area pondcrosa Say. Attached to sea- weed.
Area floridana Conr. Not common, attached to sea- weed.
Area occidentalis Phil. Rare, sand bars.
Cardita floridana Conr. Common.
Chama arcinella Linn. Rare, low-water.
Cardium rohustum Sol. Common, sand bars at low-water.
Cardium i.'^ocardia Linn. Not common, low-water.
Lioeardium serratum Linn. Few single valves at low-water.
Chione cancellata Linn. Dead, common along beach.
Macrocallista macidata Linn. Single valves only.
Macrortdlista gigantea Linn. Rare, sand bars.
Dosinia elegans Conr. Common, along high-water line.
Donax variabilis Say. Very common, near low-water line.
Tellina lineata Turt. Rare, dead on beach.
Spisida solidi-ssima similis Say. Common on sand bars.
Raeta canalictdata Say. Dead, common along high- water line.
Bullaria occidentalis C. B. Ad. Rare.
Terebra dislocata Say. Very common on sand bars.
Conns protens Hwass. Rare, Low-water line.
Comis pecdii Green. Dead, high-water line.
Conus floridanus Gabb. Dead, high-water line.
Cancellaria reticulata Linn. Not common, low-water line.
Oliva sayana Rve. Rare, sand bars.
Fasciolaria gigantea Kiener. Common, low- water line.
Canthus tinctus Conr. Dead, inhabited by hermit crabs.
Murex rufus Lam. Rare, low-water line.
Murex pomuvi Gmel. Not common, sand bars.
Epitonium angulatum Say. A single specimen at low-water line.
Pyrula papyratia Say. Dead, along high-water line.
Stroinhus pugilis Linn, Not common, sand bars.
Vermieukiria spirata Phil. A few dead specimens near light- house.
Crepidula fornicata Linn. Common, on other shells, king crabs, etc.
56 THE NAUTILUS.
Orepidula plana Say. In aperture of dead Polmices dujilicata
Say. Natica canrena Lam. Rare, sand bars. Polmices dupllcata Say. Common on sand bars. Sigaretus perspectivus Say. Not common, sand bars. Turbo castaneus Gmel. Rare, low-water line. Fisstiridea alternata Say. Dead, low-water line.
Clam Bayou
Venus campechiensis Gmel. Common.
Barnea costata Linn. Not common, buried in sand and mud.
These two species were peculiar to this part of the island as far as I was able to ascertain. All other species that were found here were also found at Tarpon Bay. A single fragment of Voluta junonia Hwass. was found on the beach near this local- ity.
NOTES ON THE ANATOMY AND TAXONOMY OF CERTAIN LAMPSILINAE FROM THE GULF DRAINAGE
BY A. E. ORTMANN, PH. D.
1. Ptychobranchus GREENi (Conrad) (1834); Ptychobranchus FOREMANiANUM (Lea) (1842); Ptychobranchus trinac- RUM (Lea) (1861).
Simpson (1914, pp. 336-338) gives these as separate species, but he unites (and rightly so) woodwardianus Lea (1857) and velatm Conrad (1853) yvith foremanianus, and simplex Lea (1845) and flavescens Lea (1845) with greeni.
The three species admitted by Simpson belong to the Ala- bama drainage, and the first (greeni) is reported from Black Warrior River, the two others from the Coosa River. Simpson points out the possible identity of trinacruj< with foremanianus. He distinguishes greeni by being smaller and more delicate, and having a more nearly elliptical outline.
It is impossible for me to see in (riiKtcrus anything but an individual variation of foreiaanianus, chiefly, since shells similar to this have never been found subsequently. The
THE NAUTILUS. 57
cluiraclors given for grccni can be recognized in most cases, and, in addition, I should say that ffreeni, from the Black Warrior Kiver, has the rays poorly developed, and has no blotches, while Jorevmnianum, from the Coosa, has more distinct rays and blotches.
Specimens from Cahaba River approach grceni in shape and color markings, yet the latter are often more distinct, showing rays, but without forming blotches.
Thus there are two types of Plychohranclms in the Alabama system, the one belonging to the Black Warrior and Cahaba, the other to the Coosa, but they are not sharply separated. Many Coosa specimens have poorly developed rays and no blotches; the shape is very variable, not always triangular; and, on the other hand, there are specimens in the Cahaba, and also in the Black Warrior, which have more distinct rays, and others which are smewhat triangular. Thus I think it is best to regard these forms as local varieties of the same species, which should bear the name: Ptychohranchus greeni (Conrad) (1834). The typical form is found in Black Warrior and Cahaba Rivers, while the variety, Pt. greeni formanianum (Lea) (1842) represents this in the Coosa River.*
Arvitoiny. Already Lea has described and figured the mar- supium and glochidium of U. icoodwardianus and foremanianus. The marsupium places these forms undoubtedly into the genua Ptychohranchus (see: Ortman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 8, 1912, p. 308). I have material of the soft parts from the following localities.
Coosa River, Wilsonville, Shelby Co., Ala. — 1 gravid female (without shell), H. H. Smith coll., Nov. 4, 1911.
Chatooga River, Cedar Bluff, Cherokee Co., Ala. — 1 gravid female (without shell), H. H. Smith coll., Nov. 1910.
Black Warrior River, Walker Co., Ala. — 6 gravid females (without shells), H. H. Smith coll., Oct. 15, 1912.
The first two localities undoubtedly represent the Joremani-
' Ball (P^oloj^y ;^, 1922, p. 112) distinguishes, in the Klack Warrior River, a third form: Plychobranchxu greeni fiaiaceiu, which apparently should be re- garded as the compressed headwaters-form oi greeni.
58 THE NAUTILUS.
anum-type, the last typical greeni, since many shells are at hand from a number of localities in the various drainages, showing the shell-characters as described above. Glochidia were present in all soft parts, except one of greeni, and thus the breeding season apparently begins in autumn.
No unusual features are shown in the soft parts. It should be mentioned, however, that the inner lamina of the inner gills is, in one specimen, entirely connected with the abdominal sac, while in the others it is more or less free behind: the maximum is about one half of the length of the abdominal sac. The number of folds of the marsupium varies according to the size of the individual, from 8 to 12. I do not observe any dark pigment on the edge of the marsupium, but the material has been a long time in alcohol. The placentae are the usual shape and quite solid. Glochidium subovate, without hooks, higher than long, L. 0.15, H. 0.18 mm: thus they are somewhat smaller than those of Pt. fasciolare (Raf. ).
The genus Medionidus in the Alabama drainage. Medionidus conradicus (Lea) (1934), common in the head- waters of the Cumberland and Tennessee drainages (see: M. flateolus (Raf.) Ortman, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 57, 1918, p. 575), has been reported also from the Alabama system, but according to my observations, this is incorrect. The genus is represented, there, indeed, but by different forms, which may be distinguished as follows.
ai Color rays not reticulated or spotted, but straight and con- tinuous, the finer ones sometimes wavy. Corrugations of posterior slope rather fine. M. conradicus
a 2 Color rays reticulated or interrupted, spotted. Corrugations of posterior slope coarser.
bi Rays poorly developed, forming, over the whole surface, a painting of a reticulated character. No distinct pos- terior ridge. Posterior end of shell not pointed. Nacre bluish. M. parindm
hi Rays better developed, rather broad, but also composed of reticulations, or interrupted. Posterior ridge distinct. Posterior end of shell pointed. Nacre often of reddish or salmon color. AL acutisshnus
THE NAUTILUS. 59
2. Medionidus PARVULU8 (Lea) (18G0). Simpson, Descr. Cat. 1914, p. 248.
Ti/pi-locality: Coosa River, Ala., and "Chattanooga, Ga." (surely Chattooga River, Ga. is meant). Simpson adds: Swamp Creek, northwest Ga. (tributary to Conasauga River, in Whitfield Co., Ga.).
The Carnegie Museum possesses 15 specimens of this species. Exact localities are recorded for the following.
Cahaba River, Lily Shoals, Bibb Co., Ala. — 5 spec, R. E. Call coll.
Coosa River, Weduska Shoals, Shelby Co., Ala. — 1 spec, H. H. Smith coll.
Coosa River, near Upper Clear Creek, Talladega Co., Ala., H. H. Smith coll. — 1 spec.
Coosa River, Riverside, St. Clair Co., Ala. — 1 spec, H. H. Smith coll.
Choccolocco Creek, Jackson Shoals, Talladega Co., Ala. — 1 spec, H. H. Smith coll.
Conasauga River, Conasauga, Polk Co., Tenn. — 2 gravid females (with soft parts), A. E. Ortmann coll., May 24, 1915.
M. parvulus is a M. conradicus with the painting of a reticu- late character, the rays not or poorly developed, and the corru- gations of the posterior slope somewhat coarser. Lea (Obs. 11, 1867) has described the soft parts, and also the glochidium. According to him, the marsupium has 10 ovisacs, is located in the middle of the outer gill, occupying one third of its length. The inner gills are free from the abdominal sac over half of its length, and the posterior half of the mantle-margin is cren- ulated. The glochidium is " elongate pouch shaped ",
According to my two females, the anatomy is practically identical with that of M. conradicus (Ann. Car. Mus. 8, 1912, p. 335; Naut. 28, 1915, p. 142; Naut. 34, 1921, p. 90). Inner lamina of inner gills connected with abdominal sac anter- iorly for about half of its length. Papillae of mantle margin small, with exception of 1 or 2 anterior ones, which are re- markably long and subcylindrical. Marsupium larger or smaller, depending on size of shell, located near the middle of the gill, number of ovisacs up to 20. Color of soft parts the
60
THE NAUTILUS.
same as in M. conradicus (blackish), of marsupium white, with no pigment on edge. Glochidium: L. 0.19, H. 0.25 mm., thus corresponding to the minimum measurements known in conradicus. Shape the same, subspatulate.
3. Medionidus acutissimus (Lea) (1831). Simpson, 1914, p. 251. A synonym is U. rubellinus Lea (1857), which represents an old shell, while acutissimus is young.
The type-locality for acutissinuts is the Alabama River, and it has been reported (by Conrad) also from Black Warrior River, Erie, Greene Co., Ala. (I was unable to locate a place of that name). U. rubellinus is from Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Ga.
I have 16 specimens with the following exact localities.
Sipsey River, Texas, Marion Co., Ala. — 3 spec, H. H. Smith coll.
Cahaba River, Gurnee, Shelby Co., Ala. — 1 spec, H. H. Smith.
Coosa River, Weduska Shoals, Shelby Co., Ala. — 2 spec, H. H. Smith coll.
Talladega Creek, Talladega Co., Ala. — 4 specimens. Hart- man collection.
Choccolocco Creek, Jackson Shoals, Talladega Co., Ala. — 1 spec, H. H. Smith.
Chattooga Creek, Trion, Chatooga Co., Ga. — 2 males, 1 gravid (discharging) female, (all with soft parts), A. E. Ortmann coll., May 19, 1915.
(To be contt?iucd)
A KEY TO THE FAMILY TEREBttlDAE *
BY PAUL RARTSCH
* Publislied by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsoni.an Institution.
In working u]i the Terebridae of the Mazatlantic faunal area, it was found dcsinilile to subject the entire family to a critical examination, and the large collections in the United States National Museum have furnished some rather interesting infor-
THK NAUTILI'S. 61
mntion. Hflieviiig tlmt the superspecific data obtained will pri)ve of use to students of this family, I have cast these in the form of a key.
Two genera are recognized in the j)resent synopsis : namely, lerebra, which is characterized by the possession of a single coluraellar fold or twist and Myurella, in which two folds are present. The rest of the names may be considered as subgenera.
It is interesting to find that all the names heretofore proposed have a status in this new arrangement excepting Impages E. A. Smith, which is not considered sufficiently distmct from Hastula H. & A. Adams to merit retention.
Columella with one fold Terebra
Subsutural groove absent.
Summit of the whorls appressed.
Axis pervious Mazatlania
Axis not pervious.
Shell nodulose Spineoterebra
Shell not nodulose Hastula
Summit of the whorls not appressed.
Summit of the whorls narrowly shouldered.
Whorls nodulose Fusoterebra
Whorls not nodulose Acuminea
Subsutural groove present.
Spiral sculpture consisting of subsutural groove only. Axial ribs present on all whorls. Axial ribs strong.
Subsutural groove cutting both ribs and inter- costal spaces Diplomeriza
Subsutural groove cutting intercostal spaces
only Punctoterebra
Axial ribs reduced to mere nodules Noditerebra
Axial ribs nut present on all the whorls.
Axial ribs present on early whorls only.
Subsutural groove present on all whorls.
Shell subulate Subula
Shell not subulate.
Shell of Cerithoid form Abretiella
Subsutural groove not present on all whorls. Subsutural groove present on early whorl only Oxymeris
62 THE NAUTILUS.
Spiral sculpture not consisting of subsutural groove only. Spiral sculpture consisting of subsutural groove and other grooves.
Spiral sculpture present on all whorls.
Axial ribs present on all whorls Strioterebra
Axial ribs not present on all whorls.
Axial ribs present on early whorls only. Subsutural cord nodulose on all
whorls Triplostephoma
Subsutural cord nodulose on early whorls only.
Spiral lines punctate Terebrina
Spiral lines not punctate. . . . Perirhoe Spiral sculpture absent on the later whorls .... Terebra
Ooltimella with two folds Myurklla
Spiral sculpture consisting of subsutural groove only.
Axial ribs strongly developed on all whorls Myurellisca
Axial ribs not strongly developed on all whorls.
Axial ribs evanescent on the later turns Myurellina
Spiral •culpture consisting of subsutural groove and spiral
Btriations Myurella
Considerable time was required running down references to names and verifying type designations. To save future students of this task a chronologically arranged list of names supplying this information is here appended. 1799 Terebra (Bruguiere) Lamarck, Prodome, p. 171. Type
Terebra subulata Linne. 1817 Subula Schumacher, Ess. Nouv. Syst, p. 233. Type
Terebra dimidiata Linne. 1844 Mxjarella Hinds, Sowerby's Thes. Conch., pp. 170, 17L
Type Terebra myaros Lamarck. 1853 Hastula H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. 1, p.
225. Type Terebra strigillata Lamarck -{- Impages E.
A. Smith, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 11,
p. 263. Type Terebra coeruletcem Lamarck. 1891 Strioterebrwa Sacco, Moll. Piemonte Liguria, p. 33.
Type Terebra baderoii Nyst. 1891 Spineoterebra Sacco, Moll. Piemonte Liguria, p. 58.
Type Terebra sjiimdosa Doderlein.
THK NAUTILUS. 63
1891 Fu^otcrebra Sacco, Moll. Piemonte Liguria, p. 59.
Type Fiisu^ tercbrina Bonelli. 1896 yodiUrebra Cossmann, Ess. Pal. Comp., pp. 47, 51, pi.
4, f. 21. Type Tercbra gcniculata Tate. 1900 Mazatlania Dall, Nautilus, vol. 14, p. 44 = Euryta H. & A. Adams, 1853, Gen. Rec. Moll., p. 225, not Euryta Gistel, 1848, Naturg. Thier., p. 8. Type Terebra aciculata Lamarck. 1903 Oxomeris Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 951 = Acus Gray, 1847, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, p. 139, not Acm Edwards, 1771, in M. Catescy Carol. II, p. 30. Type Terebra maculata Lamarck. 1908 Perirhoe Dall, Nautilus, vol. 21, pp. 124, 125. Type
Terebra circumcinda Deshayes. 1908 Triplostephaiiips Dall, Nautilus, vol. 21, pp. 124, 125.
Type Terebra triseriata Gray. 1908 Acuminea Dall, Nautilus, vol. 21, pp. 124, 125. Type
Terebra lanceata Linne. 1919 Dlplomeriza Dall, Nautilus, vol. 33, p. 32 = DupUcaria Dall, 1908, Nautilus, vol. 21, pp. 124, 125, not DupU- caria Rafinesque, 1833, Atlantic Journ., p. 165. Type Terebra dupUcata Lamarck as now restricted. Names here proposed : Abreiiella Dall, new name = Abretia H. & A. Adams, 1853, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. 1, p. 235, not Abretia Rafinesque, 1814, Spec. Sci. Giorn. Encic. Scicili, p. 154. This name has been applied to this subgenus in Dr. Dall's manuscript on the Mollusks of Hawaii and should be credited to him. Terebrina new subgenus. Type Terebra (Terebrina) cingulifera
Lamarck. Punctoterebra new subgenus. Type lerebra (Punctoterebra) nitida
Hinds. Myurellisca new subgenus. Type Terebra (Myurellisca) duplica-
toidea Bartsch, described below. Myurellina new subgenus. Type Myurella {Myurellina) ornata Gray.
64 THE NAUTILUS.
Mturella (Myurellisca) duplicatoides new species.
=^ Terebra duplicata of authors in part.
Shell moderately large, chestnut brown, with a light peri- pheral zone and a light acute basal fasciole. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls flattened, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by rather strong, very regular axial ribs, of which twelve occur upon the third, fourteen upon the fourth to sixth, sixteen upon the seventh to ninth, eighteen upon the tenth to twelfth, twenty upon the thirteenth, twenty-two upon the fourteenth, twenty-four upon the fifteenth to seventeenth, twenty-six upon the eighteenth and twenty-eight upon the last whorl. The whorls are cut by a deep sulcus about one-third of the distance between the summit and suture, anterior to the summit which not only divides the ribs at this point, but also cuts into the substance of the shell in the intercostal spaces, and forms a false suture. Periphery of the last whorl rounded. Base short, rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the strong, acute and slightly reflected basal fasciole. The por- tion anterior to the basal fasciole is marked by strong lines of growth. Aperture elongate ovate, decidedly channeled anter- iorily; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip forming a slight callus, which is appressed to the columella and extends on the parietal wall. In a sectioned specimen the columella is found to have a strong anterior fold and a little less strong pos- terior fold.
The type. Cat. No. 348285, U. S. N. M., comes from Ceylon. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first postnuclear whorls. The eighteen whorls remaining measure: length, 55.3 mm.; diameter, 10.8 mm.
This is the dark-colored Terebra duplicata of authors subse- quent to Linne. The parallelism in external sculpture of this and Terebra duplicata Linne has caused it to be misidentified in the past. On sectioning it is found that all the dark-colored forms have the biplicate columella, while duplicata has only a single fold.
THE NAUTILUS. 65
LAND SHELLS FBOM FLORIDA
BY E. G. VANATTA
The following species of land sliells were picked from leaf- mould collected in seven counties in Florida.
I wish to thank the four gentlemen, whose names are men- tioned in connection with the stations listed below, for present- ing the material to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia.
One specimen of Pupoides modiciis (Gld.), which with 6 whorls has the great length of 5.3 mm., was found on La Costa Island. Although Mr. Moore sent several lots from this island, collected at various times, only this one large specimen was found, the remainder being of the usual size.
The list from "The Devils Mill Hopper," a sink hole about 8 miles from Gainesville, is based upon material collected upon several visits to the spot made by Messrs. Clark and Van Hyn- ing. The Gastrocopta pentodon (Say) found there have the extra parietal lamella as figured in the Nautilus, Vol. XIX, pi. 7, fig. 32, and the Gastrocopta contrada peninsularis Pile, have the inward continuation of the parietal lamella "de- tached" as mentioned in the Manual of Conchology, Vol. 24, page 24. This and Carychium exigimm (Say) were very numer- ous in the leafmould.
The Cerion incanum (Binn.) from Sugar-loaf Key, collected by Mr. Clark, are all small like typical C. incanum, however they have the shape of var. saccharimeta Bl.
St. Augustine, Ancient Cemetery, St. Johns Co., collected by Mr. James B. Clark.
Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Pupoides modiais (Gld ).
Gastrocopta pellucida hordea- Pup isonia minus (Pih.). cella (Pils. ). Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
The Devils Mill Hopper, eight miles from Gainesville, Ala- chua County, collected by Mr. James B. Clark and Mr. T. Van Hyning.
66
THE NAUTILUS.
Gastrocopta pentodon (Say). Gastrocopta contrada peninsu-
laris Pils. Gastrocopta corticaria (Say). Vertigo ovata Say. Vertigo oscariana St. Vertigo milium Gld. Pupisoma dioscoricola (Ad.) Pupisoma minus Pils. Sirobilops strebeli aenea Pils. Strobilops floridana Pils. Strobilops hubbardi Br.
Polita indentata (Say). Polita dalliana ( ' Simps ' Pile.). Striatum milium (Mrse). Guppya sterkii (Dall). Euconulus chersinus (Say). Zonitoides arborea (Say). Zonitoides minu^cula Binn. Agriolimax campestris (Bn. ).
Shell only. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Succinea avara Say.
Carychium exiguum- Say. Little Gasparilla Island, De Soto Co., collected by Mr. Clar- ence B. Moore.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Succinea floridana Pils. collected by Mr. J. B. Clark. Polygyra cereolus (Muhl. ). Polijgyra cereolus carpenteriana (Bid.).
Truncatella caibxensis succinea Ad.
Clearwater Key, Pinellas Co Iruncatella caribceensls 'Sby.'
Rve. Truncatella c. succinea Ad. Truncatella bilabiata. Pfr.
Near Clearwater, Pinellas Co., collected by Mr. J. B. Clark. Oligyra orbiculata Say. Zonitoides arborea (Sa)').
Praticolella jejuna (Say). Zonitoides minuscida (Bn. ).
Polygyra pustula (F6r. ). Succinea campestris Say.
Polita indentata (Say).
Pinellas Park, Pinellas Co., collected by Mr. .J. B. Clark. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Polygyra uvulifera (Shutt. ).
(Bid.). Zonitoides arborea (Say).
Safety Harbor, N. W. part of Old Tampa Bay, Pinellas Co collected by Mr. J. B. Clark.
Oligyra orbiculata Say. Polygyra c. carpenteriana
(Bid.).
Near St. Petersburg, Clark.
Oligyra orbiculata Say. Truncatella caribaensis * Sby
Rve. Truncatellfi c. succinea Ad. Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Polytfyra c. carpeniteriana
(Bid.).
Polygyra pustula (F6r. ). Zonitoides arborea (Say).
Pinellas Co., collected bv Mr. J. B.
Polygyra pustula (F6r. ). Gastrocopta pentodon (Say). Gastrocopta c. peiiinsularis Pils. Gastrocopta p. hordeacella
(Pils.). Gastrocopta rupicola (Say ) . Strobilops floridana Pils.
TIIK NAUTILUS. G7
Eiiglandina rosea (For.)- Guppya sterkii (Dall).
Polita indcntata (Say). Zoniioidoi arhorea (Say).
PoUtn dallUina ('Simps.' Zonitoldcs mimiscuhi (liinn.).
Pils. ) Zunitoides slnyleyana (Pils. ). Guj'pya (fundlachi (Pfr. ).
Ballast Point, Hilsborough Co., collected by Mr. .1. P.. Clark.
OUgyra orhiculata Say. Gastrocopta c. peninsularis Praticolella jejuna (Say). Pils.
Palygyra c. carpenteriana Gastrocopta rupicola (Say).
(Bid.). Strohilops s. ae Ilea FWa.
Polygyra uvuUfera (Shutt. ). Euglandiaa rosea (F6r. ).
Indian Hill, Hillsborough Co., collected by Mr. Clarence B. Moore.
OUgyra orbicidata Say. Gastrocopta rupicola (Say).
Gastrocopta c. peninsularis Pils. Guppya gundlachi (Pfr.).
Gastrocopta p. hordeaceUa Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
(Pils.).
North end of Captiva Island, Lee Co., collected by Mr. C. B. Moore.
Truncatella c. succinea Ad. Pupkoma dioscoricola (Ad.).
Truncatella hilahinta Pfr. Polita dalliana ('Simps.' Thysanophora plagioptycha Pils. )
(Shutt.). Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
Pupoides modicus (Gld. ). Zonitoides singley ana (Pils.). Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Gastrocopta p. hordeaceUa
(Pils.).
Dog Key, Lee Co. , collected by Mr. C. B. Moore.
Polygyra c. carpenteriana Guppya gundlachi (Pfr. ).
(Bid.). Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Zonitoides singley ana (Pils.). Gastrocopta p. hordeaceUa
(Pils.).
Estero Island, Lee Co., collected by Mr. Clarence B. Moore.
Polygyra c. carpenteriana Guppya gundlachi (Pfr. ).
(Bid.). Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
Pupoides modicus (Gld.). Zonitoides singleyana (Pils.). Gastrocopta rupicola (Say).
Goodland Point, Lee Co., collected by Mr. Clarence B. Moore.
PxLpoid^ modicus {G\<\..). Gastrocopta p. hordeaceUa Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). (Pils.).
68
THE NAUTILUS.
Gopher Ke}' near Big Hickory Pass, Lee Co., collected by Mr. C. B. Moore.
Truncatella caribceensis 'Sby.'
Rve. Polygyra c. carpenteriana
(Bid.).
Horr's Island, Lee Co Oligyra orbiculata Sa5^ Praticolella jejuna (Say).
South end of La Costa Island, Lee Co B. Moore.
Truncatella c. succinea Ad. Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Polygyra c. carpenteriana
(Bid.) Pupoides modicus (Gld. ). Oastrocopta rupicola (Say). Gastrocopta p. hordeacella
(Pils.).
La Parita, Black Island, Moore. Iruncatella caribceensis 'Sby.'
Rve. Iruncatella bilabiata Pfr. Polygyra c. carpentei'iana
(iiid.).
Pupoides modicus (Gld.).
Mondonga Island, Lee Co Moore. Truncatella caribaeensis ' Sby.'
Rve. Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Thysanophora plagioptycha
(Shutt.). Polygyra c. c<irpentcriana
(Bid.). Polygyra puntida (I^ dr. ). Pupmdes modicus (Gld.).
Starvation Key, Lee Co., Iruncatella caribaensis ' Sby Rve.
Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Gastrocopta p. hordeacella (Pils.).
collected by Mr. C. B. Moore.
Dryniaeus multilineatus (Say). Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.).
collected by Mr. C.
Strobilops hubbardi (Brown). Polita dalliana ( ' Simps. '
(Pils.). Guppya gundlachi (Pfr.). Zonitoides minuscula alachuana
(Dall.).
Lee Co., collected by Mr. C. B.
Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Gastrocopta p. hordeacella
(Pils.). Vertigo milium Gld. Guppya gundlachi (Pfr.)
collected by Mr. Clarence B.
Gastrocopta c. pcninsularis Pils. Gastrocopta pentodon (Say). Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Gastrocopta p. hordeacella
(Pils.). Polita dalliana ('Simps.'
Pils. ). Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.).
collected by Mr. C. K. Moore. ' Truncatella c. surrinca Ad. Iruncatella bilabiata Pfr.
THE NAUTILUS. G9
Polygxfra septcmvolva t^olvoxis Gastrocoptu y>. Jtordenrdln
O'fr.). (IMls.).
Cnistrocopta rupicola (Say). Zonitoidcs singkijaaa (Pils. ).
House Hammock, Monroe Co., collected by Mr. C. B. Moore.
Oligyra orhiculata Say. Gastrocopta rupicold Say.
Pohjgxfra c. carpenter iann Giippya giuulhichi (Pfr. ).
(Bid.). Zmiitoideji arborea (Say).
Thysannphora aelenina (Old.). Zoailoides m. alackuana (Dall). Thysa nophora plagioptycha
(Sluitt.).
Key West, ^lonroe Co., collected by Mr. J. B. Clark. Drymaeus multilineatus (Say).
Little Hammock, Monroe Co., collected by Mr. C. B. Moore OUgyra orhiculata S&y. Papisoma dioscoricola (Ad.).
Thysanophora plagioptycha E"conulus chersinus (Say).
(Shutt. ). Guppya gundlachi (Pfr. ).
Gastrocopta c. peninsularis Pils. Zoniloides arborea (Say). Gastrocopta rupicola (Say). Zonitoides minuscida (Binn.).
West end of Long Island, near Snake Creek, Monroe Co., collected by Mr. Morgan Hebard.
Chandropoma dentatum (Say). Pupisoma dioscoricola (Ad.).
OUgyra orb icid ata Sa.y. Varicella gracillima floridana
Liicidella tantila (Pils. ). Pils.
Truncatelhi bilabiata Pfr. Polita dalliana (* Simps.'
Thysanophora selenina (Gld. ) Pils.).
Thysanophora inaguensis Guppya gundlachi (Pfr.).
(Weinl.). Thysanophora plagioptycha
(Shutt.).
Sugar-loaf Key, Monroe Co., collected by Mr. J. B. Clark. Cerion incanum (Binn.) near Succinea floridana Fila. var. sarcharimeta (Bl. ).
NOTES
Lima hughi new name. My attention has been called to the fact that Lima (Ccdlolima) smithi Bartach, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 45, 1913, pp. 230, 306, pis. 12, 13, which I there de- scribed from the Philippine Islands and named for Dr. Hugh M. Smith, is preoccupied by Lima smithi Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 207, pi. 11, f. 12, a Japanese species.
70
THE NAUTILUS.
I take pleasure in bestowing Dr. Smith's first name, Hugh, upon the same shell with the same type. It may therefore be known as Lima {Callolima) hughi. — Paul Bartsch.
It is announced that a Civil list pension of £100 has been granted to Lieut. -Col. Henry Haversham God win- Austen "in recognition of his services to science and to the nation."
Col. Godwin-Austen, who resides at Nore, Godalming, on July 6th last completed his eighty-ninth year, and is now in his 90th. He comes of an old and well-known Surrey family, mem- bers of which were benefactors of the Guildford Royal Grammar School.
Col. Godwin-Austen himself has had an interesting career, some particulars of which have at different times appeared in the "Surrey Advertiser." It is seventy-two years since he was gazetted to the 24th Regiment of Foot, and he went to India in 1852, taking five months on the journey in a little barque of 590 tons.
The Colonel spent twenty-five years in India, and during the larger part of that time he was engaged in survey work, for which he was later awarded the Royal Geographical Society's founders medal. He did much mountaineering, and in one of his ascents, that of Rupshu, he reached a height of 20,600 feet. This peak in the Himalayas was afterwards named after him.
Col. God win- Austen devoted many years to an important work on " The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India," and a few years ago the Asiatic Society of Bengal awarded him the Barclay memorial medal for his work on biology.
Court Rules Mussel is not a Wild Animal. The fresh-water mussel of the Mississippi valley, from whose shell is manufac- tured pearl buttons, is the property of the owner of the land through which flow the non-navigable streams of its habitat, the Supreme Court held.
The controversy attracted wide attention because of its im- portance in the button industry, and brought into court such questions as whether the mussel was a "wild" animal. Jus- tice Holmes, in deciding the case, said mussels should not be
THE NAUTILUS. 71
classe<.l with wild birds and fish which move beyond the juris- diction of the owner of the land.
The lower court held that fishermen taking mussels from non- navigable streams could be prosecuted as trespassers, and the owner of the land through which tiie stream llowed could re- cover damages from whose who purchased shells from tres- passers. This judgment was affirmed by the Supreme Court in principle. — Boston Herald.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
The Jol'RX.vl, of Coxchology, Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan. 1923. The Edible MolliLscs of British Isles, By E. W. Swajiton. pp. 9-18. MoUiisca from the Belgian Congo. (11) By G. C. Spence. pp. 19-24, and pp. 201-233.
No. 2. July, 1923.
Cochlicopa lubrica monst. sinistrorsum Westl. By J. W. Taylor, p. 33.
Patella depressa Pennant. By J. R. le B. Tomlin. p. 34.
Variation of Ena obscura. By W. E. Alkins. pp. 35-38.
Vitrina marcida Gould. By T. D. A. Cockerell. p. 39.
On South African Marine Mollusca with description of several new species. By J. R. le B. Tomlin. pp. 40-52.
Observations on the Land Mollusca of the coasts bordering on Bristol Channel. By J. Davy Dean. pp. 57-60.
An attempt to pair a dextral with a sinistral Limnaea pereger. By Lionel E. Adams, pp. 61-62.
Notes on British Mollusca. By Alan Gardiner, p. 63.
Proceedings of the Mjvlacologicajj Society of London. Vol. 25, ^Vlareh, 1923. On the Anatomical riiaracteristics of British Pisidia. By Nils Hj. Odhiier. pp. 155-161, pi. 3.
Descriptions of twenty-one species of Tnrridaj from various localities, in the collection of ^Mr. E. R. Sykes. By James Cosmo Melvill. pp. 162-171, i)ls. 4 and 5.
On the dat€ of publication of Cliarpentier's "Catalogue
72 THE NAUTILUS.
des Mollusqiies Terrestres et Fluviatiles de la Suisse." By Prof, Dr. Jules Fa\Te. p. 172.
Note on the capture of Spinda alive. Prepared by B. B. Woodward, p. 173.
Molluscaii Life on tlie South Dogger Bank. By Guy C. Robson. pp. 174-178.
Notes on New Zealand Pelec3T)ods. By W. R. B. Oliver, pp. 179-188.
An Index to "A Classification of the American Operculate Land Molhisks of the Family Amiulariidae. " Compiled by Hugh C. Fulton, pp. 189-194.
List of British Nudibranchiate MoUusca. By Tom Iredale and Chas. H. O'Donoghue. pp. 195-200.
Vol. 25. June, 1923.
The Holocene non-Marine Mollusca of England. By A. S. Kennard. pp. 241-259.
Notes on the genus Stenochiton and the discovery and recog- nition of the type of Blainville's Chiton longicymba in Steno- chiton juloides Adams and Angas. By Edwin Ashby. pp. 260-264.
Journal de Conchyliologie. Vol. 67, No. 3, Mar., 1923. Mitrides de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et de ses d^pendances. Par Ph. Dantzenberg et L.-J. Bouge. pp. 179-259, pi. II.
Description d'un Eulimide nouveau provenant de Lifon. Par Ph. Dantzenberg. p. 260.
De la dur6e de la vie chez 1' Helix spiriplana Oliv. Par L. Vignal. p. 262.
The Glory of the Sea. By Roy Waldo Miner, Natural History, Vol. 22, pp. 325-328, 1923. A most interesting ac- count of this rare shell — Comis gloria-mariSy a specimen of which was recently ohtaincd by the American Museum of Natural History, from Mr. Walter F. Webb. This specimen was for- merly in the noted collection of the late Mrs. S. T. Williams of Chicago. There are only twelve or fourtc^en specimens of this species known, of which three, according to the writer, are in the United States.— C. W. J.
THE NAUTILUS
PLATE IV
Fig. 3, Rostrliamus sociabilis. Head showing curved bill on whi.jh AinpuUarius is spiked. Fig. 4, Right foot. Both two-thirds natural size.
Fig. I, Amf'ullarius dohoiiifs I Rccvc) Fii; 1, A 1)1 /> Hi, 'a I- 1 us j^fTf.t/->tM'.\ lIU->h.Tycs)
LANG: AMPULLARIUS AND Ri ).S I KM AMUS
The Nautilus.
Vol. XXXVII JANUARY, 1924. No. 3
AMPULLARIUS AND KOSTRHAMUS AT GEORGETOWN, BRITISH GUIANA
BY HERBERT LANG
When in Georgetown. British Guiana, I visited the densely crowded heron rookery in the Botanical Garden. It occupies an island in one of the many canals and is covered with a jungle about fifty feet high. Associated with the herons, chiefly of two species, — the little Blue Heron (Florida caerulea) and the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nyclicorax naevius), — is a colony of about twenty Snail-hawks (Rostrhaimis socinbilis), also known as Hook-bill Hawks or Everglade Kites. Herons and hawks are completely indifferent to each other. The hawks prefer the lofty outer branches, towering palms and larger trees nearby as perching sitrs while they feed on mollusks, a most interesting performance, as I had occasion to observe.
The Snail-hawk is rather graceful and slender, of dusky brown appearance, with fairly long wings and slightly emargi- nate tail. The peculiar, slender bill stands out conspicuously beyond the feathered portion of the relatively small head. The highly specialized upper bill forms a strongly arched, nearly semicircular hook, the cutting edges, generally sharp in bird.-' of prey, being dull near the base and completely effaced toward the tip ; a ridge running far forward on the palatal side of the bill adds considerably to its strength at the weakest point of the curve. Upon the long, downward bent, slightly blunt tip a
74 THE NAUTILUS.
snail's body is easily impaled. No active part in the peculiar feeding process is taken by the rather weak mandible, though the gape is commensurately wide to accommodate easily such cumbersome, slimy food. The bare portion at the base of the bill includes the large cere, the anterior parts about the eye, and a strip along the mandible. These naked spaces about the bill undoubtedly save the feathers from being smeared with the slime that mollusks emit so profusely during their struggles. The bare condition of the lower portion of the feet and the lengthened, excessively acute claws are well adapted to catching hold of snails among the water-plants and firmly clutching the slippery, smooth shell. To believe that the Snail-hawk has to dig or pull these mollusks from the mud, as is generally stated, is probably incorrect. At least at Georgetown tnis is not the oase.
As might be expected Rostrhamus is thoroughly acquainted with the habits of the snail which forms its favorite food. It lias little difficulty in securing such prey and none whatever in removing the mollusk from its fragile shell, which is left abso- lutely intact. At Georgetown two species of Ampullarius are extremely common though only one serves as the principal, if not exclusive, food supply of the Snail-hawk.
There is not the slightest possibility of Rostrhmnus inserting its bill between the operculum and the shell proper, nor is it probable that the hawk can pierce the brownish, horny oper- culum, which though thin and flexible is neveitheless extremely tough. All who have handled live Ampullarius know that at the slightest disturbance they withdraw quickly into their shell, securely closing the aperture with the operculum. Any further molestation, such as an attempt to pull out the operculum, causes them to emit a slimy fluid, from between the supple edges of the operculum and the nacreous inner wall of the shell. With th-' forcing out of this surplus slime, space is gained inside the shell allowing further contraction of the animal. (Jradually the mollusk pulls the ojierculum so far inside as to be completely out of reach of even the hooked beak of the hawk. When the snail is thus fully withdrawn th(> pliable edges of the operculum turn slightly up and out on the narrower
THK NAUTILUS. 75-
tube establishing a closing edge several millimeters wide. Of courpe the elimination of slimy matter and forceful pulling inside of the operculum are also protective adaptations against other enemies than the Snail-hawk and moreover probabl}' help meet such climatic conditions as continued drought.
Generally after being taken from its watery medium Amiod- luriua attempts to explore the surroundings, coming out of the shell and on dry ground crawling for about thirty feet. But from time to time the animal withdraws and having emitted all ajtparently available slime eventually shuts up tightl}'. Some of these snails I brought from British Guiana to New York in an ordinary cardboard box. By accident on board ship they Avere exposed for several days to the heat of a radiator and later in New York to tiie northern cold of March. Over thirty days they were thus out of water, yet a number of them survived. In their own habitat AmpnUariits probably could withstand a drought of several months, a sufficient period in the tropics to tide them over into the rainy season should the swamps they inhabit dry out. V/hen placed in an aquarium they excrete so excessive an amount of slime that the water becomes opaque and needs to be changed often.
A. doliokles Reeve* is brownish green, with globose spire and relatively small umbilicus. For breathing purposes it comes near or slightly above the surface and is then easily taken by Rostrhanius. A. gevesensis Deshayes* has numerous light brown, sometimes conspicuous bands and a more flattened spire. The umbilicus is relatively large, whereas the aperture in adults is smaller and more roundish than in the foregoing species. It lives in the mud, apparently without coming to the surface for air, which may be obtained through an exten?il)le siphon. In any case it is not caught by the Snail-hawk, though extremely numerous in the canals right below the hal)itual perching trees of these birds. In fact in going over at least 2000 empty shells dropped by Roslrhamii.'i we secured onlv two of A. gex'esensls. And these might have been accidentally ])ro-
* The scientific names of the shells were kindly deteriuined by Dr. II. A. Pilsbrj-, of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
76 THE NAUTILUS.
cured by the hawks, for as portions of the many canals are cleared, shells of course are often brought to the surface. Far from making use of the abundance of A. gevesensis at the rook- ery, the hawks fly oft" a considerable distance to other swamps which according to the natives contain slightly brackish water where A. dolioidcs occurs.
Remarkable it seems that the hawks adjust their feeding time to late afternoon when the snails are wont to move about more frequently than during the hours of the sun's greatest glare. These birds, I was told, slowly fly over the swamps, often just high enough to be out of reach of the vegetation and slow up but little when swooping down for the shell, which is caught in the claws of one foot. Though Quelch, as cited by Chubb,' did not realize that he observed how the shells were actually taken, he gives an exact account of the procedure: ''While settling down to roost by the creek-side, this species \_Rostrhavius sociabiUs] will be noticed darting down and skimming for short distances almost on the surface of the water, as though catching insects. . . ." At the season I visited the rookery, the Rhofitm- hamv^ had no young, but usually flew back home with their prey just the same. It is absolutely necessary for them to have an opportunity to perch to remove the mollusk from the shell. Time and patience are then given full play, and as many as ten may be seen in the branches at once awaiting the opportune moment. Every new arrival is greeted with the oft-repeated harsh call " Kor-ee-ee-a-Koree-a."
The hawks then perch on one foot and with the other quietly hold the snail in such a manner that it can emerge from the shell. The birds make no attempt whatever to extract it by force, but watch for tlie voluntary extension of the aiiinuil beyond the aperture of the shell. With that pro))iti(nis moment comes the next st<'[) in the drama. Quick as a tlasli tlio hawk's bill pierces the snail apparently back of the operculum. It happens so rapidly that one is not able to clearly follow the operation. As a further step the snail, now sjjiked upon the beak, is instantly pushed up to the middle of the upper bill
•The Birds of Briti.sli (uiiana. Vol. I, p. 2 .0, London, H>Ui.
THE NAUTILU8. 77
from which it stands ofT Hke :i huiDp as big as a large walnut. Then begins a second wait. Gradually the moUusk's muscles relax. .\ few minutes later the Snail-liawk vigorously sliakes its head and before even the liglit, empty shell has reached the grassy ground Bostrhavms has swallowed its victim, operculum and all. It would )>e necessary to shoot a few of these birds just after the snail is spiked or swallowed to ascertain at what point it is actually pierced. It is certainly always done in the same fashion, for tiie fragile shell is never injured, not even the tender edges of the aperture. As the mollusk of course exerts its full power of muscular contraction the bill, evidently inserted behind the operculum, is caught between the operculum and the wall of the whorl about opposite the middle of the edge of the aper- ture.
Empty Ampull(iriii..<i shells lying in the grass on the damp soil disintegrate rapidly. A considerable amount of moisture and even decayed vegetable detritus accumulates in some which happen to fall with the ajierture turned up. These become the favorite home of a small gray slug (Omalonyx). Its thin, transparent, scale-like shell has so slight an attachment to the overlapping fold on the dorsal side that it is cast off when the slug is placed in strong alcohol. The empty Ampullarius shells evidently present ideal living conditions and also a certain amount of protection for this slug, as I did not find it anywhere else.
THE POST-GLACIAL DISPERSAL OF MOLLUSCA IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS
BY JUNIUS HENDERSON
The presence of mollusks of various species in nearly all of the ponds and lakes of the southern Rockies, up to and above timber line, and of land snails in the aspen groves and other favorable stations in the glaciated areas, raises interesting ques- tions as to the method of dispersal of mollusks, especially of the fresh-water species. During the glacial epoch glaciers
78 THE NAUTILUS.
formed all along the crests of the higher mountain ranges of Colorado and extended down the various gulches from five to sixty miles. Their retreat has been very recent, geologically speaking — so recent, in fact, that there are within the state con- siderably more than a dozen of them still active, several of which are close to lakes from which we obtained some of the mollusks herein discussed. There is every reason to believe that the divides separating the glaciated gulches were covered with snow the year round. In thnir retreat these glaciers left hundreds of lakes and ponds, chiefly niorainal, many of them completely isolated by rock or morainal barriers, so that no aquatic animals can gain access to them by following streams. In 1920, assisted by Dr. Francis Ramaley and Mr. Harl S Kittle, I examined about sixty lakes, ponds, sloughs, etc., in the glaciated area at the heads of North Boulder, South Boulder and Middle Boulder drainage, in the Silver Lake, Tolland and Eldora districts, Colorado, mostly fram 9,000 to 11,000 feet above sea level. Baker (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XLI, pp. 527-539, 1919) published an account of a small collection of mollusks obtained in the Tolland district by Professor Frank Smith, and Cockerell (Nautilus, XXV, pp. 58-59, 1911) pub- lished a list of land snails from the same district. In our work in 1920 we found Fisidmm. at almost every station, even above 11,000 feet. Dr. Sterki's recent account (Nautilus, XXXVII, pp. 16-22, 1923), of this material makes it unnecessary to re- cord the species here. Neither Spharriuvi nor Naiades have been found here or anywhere else at high altitudes in the moun- tains of Colorado. In addition to the Piaidia we found tlie ft^l- lowing fresh-water mollusks:
Muscidunn rykliolli (Normand). Three ponds near Eldora, middle Teller Lake near Tolland, and lagoon near Los Lagos.
MuscuUum. raymondi (.[. G. Cooper). Lake south of Silver Lake.
Lyvmnea pnludru Mullcr. Sniartwcrd Lake, Los Lagos and pond oast of Eldora.
Lymnaca atperata Say. Lagoon near Los Lagos.
PInnorbis exacuua lenticidaris Lea. Eldora and Columbine Lakes.
THK NAUTILUS. 7'J
Plnnorbis similaris Baker. Smartweed Lake (type locality), Eaet Lake, Los Lagos and i)ond south of Silver Lake (altitude 10.550 feet).
Planorbis ti^t'ohis Say. Smartweed Lake, Los Lagos and pond at Tolland. Baker recorded a single specimen from Smartweed Lake under the name P. plexaUi Ingersoll. A com- parison of a good series from that lake and Los Lagos with P. trivohis from many other localities fails to disclose any constant character separating our material from typical bivolvis.
Planorhi^ umhiliaitcllns Cockerell. Lake Eldora and three neighboring lakes.
Phinorbis vermiculan's Gould. Lily Lake, near Lake Eldora.
Physa smithiana Baker. Upper Teller Lake (type locality).
Physa virgata Gould {traskii Lea). Smartweed Lake.
We also obtained the following land snails:
Aspen groves near Tolland — AgrioJimax campestris (Binney), A. c. montann (Ingersoll), Cochlicapa lubrka (Miiller), Columella alticola (Ingersoll), Encanulus fuh2(s alaskensis Pilsbry, Gonyo- discus shimeki cockerelli (Pilsbry), Polita hammonis (Strom.), Punctum rel. coiu<pectnin (Bland), Pupilla blandi Morse, Pvpilla hebes Ancey, Succinea ovara Say, Vnllonia gradlicosta Reinh., V, costata inontana Sterki, Vertigo concinnula (Cockerell), Vitrina alaskana Dall, Zonitoides arborea Say. Aspen and narrow-leafed Cottonwood groves near Eldora — Agriolimaz campeslri.s, Euco- nulus f. alasken'<is, Gonyodiscas •>•. cockerelli, Polita hammojiis, Pupilla blandi, Tfiysanophora ingersoll i (Bland^, Vallonia cyclo- phorella Ancey, Vertigo concinnula, Vitrina alaskana, Zonitoides arborea. Aspen groves at New University camp near Silver Lake — Agriolimax cainpe.-<tris, Euconulus f. alaskensi.s, Gonyodiscus s. cockerelli, Punctum rel. conspectum, Vertigo viodesta, Vitrina alaskana.
As a rule the land snails are not found much above 9,500 feet, and at that altitude the aspens give way to pure coniferous forests, but we found Vitrina occasionally up to timber line under shrubs.
In 1923, accompanied by Mr. John P. Byram, I did intensive collecting in another glaciated area on Grand Mesa, from 9,000 to 11,000 feet above sea level, about 125 miles southwest of
80 THE NAUTILUS.
Tolland. Here again we found Pisidium in almost every lake and pond, Mnsculiuvi in two or three, and Lymnaea, Physa and Planorbis much more generally distributed than in the other region. The largest Planorbis I have seen in Colorado, up to thirty millimeters in diameter, were found here. This material has not yet been worked up, so no list of species can be given.
Obviously there were no mollusks in these glaciated areas when the region was covered with snow and ice the year round. They have been distributed by some agency or agencies, not of their own volition, since the disappearance of the glaciers. The land-snail colonies are separated from one another and from like colonies in the non-glaciated areas bj' wide stretches of territory unfavorable to their migration. Oreohelix, widelj' distributed at favorable stations throughout the Rockies, is not known to have bridged the gap at all in the Tolland and Eldora districts, but three examples have been found on Mount Audu- bon, near Silver Lake, at timber line. On the other hand, the small species, which could easily have been brought in clinging to the feathers of birds, are found wherever suitable covering exists. The aquatic forms could not have migrated to these high lakes and ponds of their own volition, because the small streams leading up from the plains are all mountain torrents, wholly devoid of mollusks from the lower edge of the glaciated areas to the edge of the plains. Furthermore, the lakes totally isolated from drainage except by seepage contain mollusks.
It is definitely known that aquatic mollusks have been car- ried alive long distances by water birds and shore birds, and it seems to me that is the most likely method of dispersal in the glaciated areas of the mountains. True, it would require a very large number of such accidents to have brought in so many species and to have distributed them to so many lakes. As they are found in practically all the lakes in the two large areas examined, it is fair to sui)pose they are also found in the hun- dreds of other glacial lakes throughout the mountains. \\'heD one considers the vast multitude of birds j^assing through in migration twice a year and the annual post-nesting migrations of certain species from plains to mountains, it is seen that there liave been plenty of o})in)rtuniticB for numerous such accidents.
THE NAUTILUS. Si
Also, once having gotten a footliokl in a given area, they could easily have been carried from lake to lake over the short inter- vening distances in the fur and clinging to the feet of variouH mammals, especially beaver, hear, mink, otter and others which regularly or occasionally take to the water or wade in the edges of the lakes. As so many of the lakes have no connection with streams except by slow seepage through their moraines, and contain no fishes, it is evident that the mollusks could not have been introduced by clinging to fishes. Furthermore, the fish route would not account for the numerous colonics of land snails, while the bird and mammal route w'ould.
Instances of very recent introduction of aquatic mollusks into small j)ond5 are known in tlie Rocky M<nintain region. On a high divide in Wyoming I found a small pool recently' made by throwing an earth dam across a small, dry run, to catch the storm water for cattle. It was already inhabited i)v Lymnaea bulimoides cockerelli, which could only have been brought in by birds or some other such agency. In the shift- ing sandhills of eastern Colorado we have found Lymnaea and Physa in several ponds entirely surrounded by great sand hills. As the sand shifts rapidly and constantly, they could not have been there njany years, certainly not centuries and could not have been brought in along drainage lines. Numerous other such cases are known. The most plausible method of their in- troduction I have been able to think of in the years spent in observing these facts is by clinging to the feathers of birds and hair of mammals, and this method seems consistent with all the facts and inconsistent with none.
H0TE8 ON THE DONAX OF CALIFOENIA
BY A. M. STRONG
The first description of a Donax from California was that of Donax califoryiicits Conrad, 1837. This was followed by Dr. Gould's D. obesa 1851, collected by Lieut. Green at San Diego, and D. fiexuosus 1857, from Col. Jewett's Santa Barbara collec-
82 THE NAUTILUS.
tion, A number of species from Mazatlan, Acapulco and Panama were also described by the early writers.
Carpenter in the British Association Report, 1856, p. 229, lists from Col. Jewett's Santa Barbara collection the following species; D, rostratus C. B. Ada,ms, ^=^culm! natus B. M. Cat., No. 37 ; D. californicus Conrad ; D. gracilis Hanley ; and D. flexu- osus Gould. From Lieut. Green's collection from San Diego he lists, p. 232, D. californicus Conrad, =^Z). laevigata Deshayes; D. abruptiis Gould, =•!). californicus Conrad, var. ; and /). califor- nicus Conrad, var. In another place he lists from California, p. 287, D. conradii Deshayes, -f-f^- californicus Desh. ms. uon Conr. In his final table he only lists from Upper California the follow- ing ; D. flexuosus, D. californicuf!, D. rostratus and D. gracilis.
During Dr. Carpenter's visit to the United States he examined in detail the specimens collected by Col. Jewett and Lieut. Green and in his Supplementary Report, 1863, p. 536, he only lists from Santa Barbara I), californicus and D. fcxnosus: D. ros- tratus being listed from Acapulco and D. gracilis from Panama. He states the D. abruptus from San Diego should be D. obesus Gould, and adds from the collection of Major Rich D. californi- ais from Monterey. In the final table in the Report, }>. 640 he reduces the California list to D. californicus Conr. (nan Desh) = D. obesus Gould, (non Desh. ) and D. flexuosus Gould. To these he adds D. navicula Sowerby, from the southern fauna.
In the Mazatlan Catalogue, 1857, Dr. Carpenter mentions some of the names used for the California shells as follows ; under No. 75, D. punctalostriata PLinley, he ^\\e&'^^=^iiexuosuH Gould's plates, and under No. 76, D. conradi Desh., gives -f--D. californicus Conr. teste Desh., adding "The D. californicus, teste Nuttall, whortc shells were the l)asis of Conrad's tlescription, is very diflerent from tlu' slioll so named by Deshayes in tiie Br. Mus. and Col. ('umin<^."
In 1000 Dr. Dull in the; Transactions of thr Wa^nrr Free Institute of Science, vol, .">, j)ait 5, p. *)6S, points out tliat the shell identified as D. navicula by Carpenter is tbe true /). cali- fornira of Conrad and he applies tbe name D. laevigata Desh. to tbe shell considered to be D. californicus by Carpenter=o6e.M Gould. Finally in 1910, (liulini: that lacvi<iata Desb., could not
THK NAITILUS. 8.T
be used, Dr. Hall suggests the new name D. ijoaldii Dall for this species. In the same connection he states that the speci- mens on which Dr. GouUl based his description of D. flexuosns are identical with the West Indian D. striata Linne, and are undoubtedly a case of mixed locality labels.
This reduces the recognized species of Donax from California to two, variously given as follows :
DoxAX CALiFORNicA Courad, 1837. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 7, p. 254. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 112. p. 49.
D. navicula Shy., Cpr. Brit. Ass'n. Rep't. 1863, p. 640.
D. flexitosus Old., Cooper, 7th Ann. Rep't Cal. St. Min.. p. 238.
D. flexuosusGld., Williamson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 186.
D. Jfcxuosus Gld. Keep, West Coast Shells, ed. 1892, p. 192.
D. calijornicus Conr., Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst. Vol. 3, p. 968.
D. californicm Conr., Arnold, Pal. San Pedro, p. 170.
D. califoniicus Conr., Keep, West Coast Shells, ed. 1911, p. 88.
D. calijornicus Conr., Fish Bull. No. 4, Cal. Fish and Game Com. p. 47.
Donax gouldii Dall, 1919. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 112, p. 49. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 394 as D. obesus, Gould.
D. cal if omicus Conr., Cpr. Brit. Ass'n Rep't 1863, p. 640.
D. calijornicus Conr., Cooper, 7th. Ann. Rep't Cal. St. Min. p. 238.
D. californiais Conr., Williamson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v(j1. 15, p. 186.
D. californicus Conr., Keep, West Coast Shells, ed. 1892, p. 192.
D. laevigata Desh., Dall. Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, p. 969.
D. laevigata Desh., Arnold, Pal. San Pedro, p. 170.
D. laevigata Desh., Keep, West Coast Shells, ed. 1911, p. 87.
84 THE NAUTILUS.
D. laevigata Desh., Fish Bull. No. 4, Cal. Fish and Game Com., p. 47.
Donax punctatostriata Hanley, and Donax conradi Desh., both common in the Gulf of California fauna, have been reported from California in published lists. I am unable to find any record to support this among the California collectors. It seems probable that the records were either based on old identifications following Carpenter's statements of the synonymy, D. conradi equaling D. calif ornicm as used by Deshayes and D. punctatostri- ata ecjualing D. jiexuosus Gould, or on valves off boats coming up from the lower coast, as has proven to be the case in several in- stances. Unless an authentic record of living specimens from California points can be found, both species should be stricken from the California lists. Both Carpenter's record of Donax goiddii Dall from Monterey and Dall's from San Louis Obispo County need further verification. It does not seem probable that the species will be found living north of Point Conception.
AMFHIOROMUS VIRESCENS (SWAINSON)
BY BRYANT WALKER
This species was originally described by Swainson as " Buli- mus virescens^^ (Buli)niis ritrinus var.?) in the Appendix to the "Catalogue of the Rare and Valuable Shells which formed the celebrated collection of the late Mrs. Bligh," 1822, App. p. 13. The description is as follows: — "Shell obovate, green, varie- gated with yellow; spire conic, slightly thickened, obtuse; the volutions depressed on the suture and generally reversed; inner lip obsolete; umbilicus open". He further states: — "The same uncertainty exists with regard to this shell, as the last, viz. whether it should be considered as a variety, or as a dis- tinct species, from B. citrinus (Zool. 111., pi. 42). I have seen many specimens, but not one where the inner lip was developed on the upper part, that is, between the umbilicus and the top of the outer lip. If this character be found constant, it should, I conceive, be taken as a good and sound s^prcijir distinction;
THE NAUTILUS. 86
and more than one writer has made it, in other instances, of generic importance. In the two varieties of Ridiinua cilrhnui (here figured from this collection), and in numerous others which 1 have inspected, the inner lip is entire, much thick- ened, and dilated over the umbilicus, which is thus hid in mature age ".
Subse<iuently (Zool. Ills., Ill, 1822-3, pi. IGG, tig. 1) he figured the species as a variety of BuUmus citrinus and remarks : The beautiful shells here selected as a further illustration of the Citron Bulimus not only show the great variability of the species, but clearly prove that B. virescens is, as I suspected, only a variety of B. cilriiius. In the shell at fig. I, the upper part of the inner lip (like that described in the Bligh Ap- pendix), is entirely wanting ; although it bears, in every respect, the appearance of a full-grown shell ; the umbilicus likewise is open ; but in the shell at fig. 2 and 3 the inner lip is quite perfect, and consequently folds over the umbilicus ; thus the connection between the green and yellow varieties is completely established."
In the second edition of the Exotic Conchology (184G, p. 37) the original description from the Bligh Catalogue with the remarks considerably abbreviated is reproduced.
Since that time the species has been practically lost sight of, ■which seems rather strange in view of Swainson's statement that he had seen "many specimens". It seems to have escaped the attention of both Pfeiffer and Mousson. It is not mentioned by v. Martens in his "Ost-Asien" and, indeed, he bestows the name on a variety of Aynphidronuis furciUatus. It is not quoted by Fulton in his paper on A)nphidromu6 in the Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. (1896). Pilsbry (Man. of Con., XIII, 1900, p. 171) with some doubt referred it to .4. comes Pfr.
In the account of my copy of Martyn's Universal Concholo- gist (Naut., XXXII, 1918, p. 80) I mentioned the fact that plate 11(» was duplicated and represented two color forms of a sinistral Amphidroimis that I could not assign to any of the species figured in the Manual of Conchology.
A year or two later in a miscellaneous lot of AmpJiidrovii re- ceived from the Museum of Natural History of Geneva, Switz-
86 THE NAUTILUS.
erland, as A. perversiis L. from "Java et les iles de la Soude'', were two specimens which were evident!}' the same species as that figured by Martyn. The existence of these shells made it desirable to ascertain the correct specific name. On sending them to Dr. Pilsbry, he identified them as being without much doubt the Bidhnus virescens of Swainson
According to the printed index in the " Conchologist," plate 116 represented Limax tiara from Barbadoes and according to Pilsbry (Man. of Con., IX, p. 189) that is the well known Polymita versicolor Born. In the written index to my copy
plate 116 is listed as Bulivius . Dr. Pilsbry informs me
that in Chenu's reprint of the Conchologist plate 116 is the Polymita, and on inquiry I ascertained that in all of the three other copies in this country in the libraries of Leland Stanford Junior University, the Boston Society of Natural History and the Philadelphia Academy plate 116 represents that species. This would seem to make it clear that the Polymita was the species originally represented on plate 116 and to settle the question as to the availabilit}' of the name of " <m/"(f " for the Amphidromus. The explanation for the discrepancy is probably to be found in the fact stated by Quaritch in a recent catalogue (1923, No. 378) that "evidently Martyn only completed coj)ies to order" and as stated in my paper (1. c. p. 32) "everything in the make-up of this copy seems to indicate that it must have been one of the latest copies issued and was made up of such plates as were then on hand". Presumably there being no available copy of the original })late 116, the duplicate plates of the Amphidromus were inserted to take its place.
This leaves Martyn' s species without a name unless it is the Bulimns vireifcens of Swainson, I have no doul»t but that is the fact and that Swainson's species should be recognized a? a valid one. As shown on plate V, a comparison of the several figures of Swainson and Martyn and the specimens in n)y collection make it clear that all belong to the same species, which is char- acterized by being umbilicated, with no callous deposit on the parietal wall and having a thin, expanded lip. The color- ation as usual in the genus is variable. No two of the speci- mens are exactly alike. They all agree, however, in having the
TlIK NAUTILUS. 87
dark band on the upper wliorls and in the dark intericir of the aperture. Swain.son'B type was "preen, variegated with yellow". His figure in the Zoological Illustrations has the apical whorls a light yellow with a purplish spiral hand, wliich does not appear on the body-whorl, which is a darker yellow with green longitudinal streaks. Martyn's figures are the most highly colored. The figure on plate 116 (plate V, fig. 2) has the upper whorls a dusky yellow with a hand of brownish yellow bordered with red on the apical whorls and reddish brown on the intermediate ones. The body-whorl is green with some yellowish longitudinal stripes and numerous darker green spiral bands. That on plate 116 bis (plate V, fig. 3) has the ground color and the bands on the upper whorls lighter in color and the intermediate whorl has the band composed of blotches of green, reddish-brown and yellow. The body-whorl has a subsutural band of yellow with a narrow light-bluish band in the center; this is bordered by a very narrow reddish-brown band, reddish-yellow below, which appears as a peripheral band, but which curiously enough is not shown at all on the figure of the dorsal side. Below the upper brown band the body whorl is green with darker longitudinal stripes.
In my specimens, the smaller (fig. 4) has the apical whorls white with a reddish-brown band ; the intermediate whorl has three such bands at first, a narrow subsutural band, which fades out before reaching a narrow reddish -brown varix (which does not appear in the figure), a narrow, rather in- definite, peripheral band and below it a broader one, which coalesces with it just before reaching the varix, from which it is separated by a longitudinal streak of yellow ; beyond the varix the upper part of the whorl is at first a light yell<nvisli- white; below this the ground color is a reddish-brown with faint indications of the spiral bands at first and then is overlaid, ap- parently, by a bluish-green and yellow longitudinal striping ; a second varix then appears bordered on each side by yellow, which reaches the aperture where the lip is first appressed to the body-whorl ; i)eyond that tlie remainder of the body- whorl is dark reddish-brown, running into a dark j»ur})le towards the lip, but is separated from the lip, which is white on both sides,
»» THE NAUTILUS.
by a bright yellow streak. The lip itself is thin, expanded and sharp-edged. The other specimen (fig. 5) is a little larger and evidently a worn shell, but the general system of coloration is about the same. These shells measure:
Fig. 4, Alt. 45, diam. 23 mm.
Fig. 5, Alt. 48, diam. 26.5 mm.
The synonymy of the species is as follows:
Bulimus virescem Swainson, Catalogue of the rare and valu- able shells which formed the celebrated collection of the late Mrs. Bligh, 1822, Appendix p. 13. Exotic Conchology (edition 2), 1841, p. 37.
Bulimus citrinus var. virescens Swainson, Zool. Illustr. , III, 1822-3, pi. 166, fig. 1.
Bulimus sp. Martyn, Universal Conchologist (Walker copy), 1822?, plates 116 and 116 bis.
Amphidromus comes f Pilsbry, Man of Con., XITT, 1900, p. 30.
Amphidromus sp.? Walker, Naut. XXXII, 1918, p. 30.
I am indebted to Mr. E. G. Vanatta for the data in regard to the Bligh Catalogue and to Miss Mina L. Winslow of the Museum of Zoology, Univ. of Mich., for the photographs re- produced in the remaining figures.
Explanation of Plate V Fig. 1. Bulimus citrimis virescens Sw . , from the Zool. Illustr.
2. Bulimus sp. from ])1. 116, Martyn's Universal Conchol-
ogist.
3. BuHmva s}). from ])1. 116 bis, Martyn's Universal Con-
chologist.
4 and 5. Amphidromus vire^ceus Sw., Walker collection No. 50795.
TJIK NAUTILUS. 89
NEW LARD 0PEBCULATE8 FKOM THE DUTCH LEEWARD ISLANDS
BY H. BURHINGTON BAKKK
During the summer of 1922 the University of Micliigan Museum of Zoology sent ine to tlie Dutch Leeward Islands to collect molluscs, amphibians and ants. \\'ith the assistance of an additional grant from the Zoological Laboratory of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, I was able to spend fourteen weeks in a rather detailed study of the islands of Cura9ao, Klein-Curasao, Aruba, Bonaire, and Klein-Bonaire. The molluscan fauna of these is rather poor in genera, but rich in specific and subspe- citic diversity, and in number of individuals.
The following brief, specific descriptions will be amplified and illustrated in a future paper, which will be published by the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Helicinidae.
Stoastomops w'alkeri, new genus and species.
Shell depressed turbinate; reddisli in color. Altitude, 2.14 mm.; major diameter, 2.34 mm. Whorls 4i, markedly con- vex. Growth wrinkles pronounced, irregular. Spiral sculp- ture of numerous, fine tliread-riblets, more obscure on the base of the shell. Umbilicus narrowly rin)ate. A})erture subbasal, reniform. Peristome simple, sharp, incomplete; columellar wall with whitish callus which ends abruptly in a distinct emargination just above the basal angle. Operculum very similar to that in Pyrciodomnf<, a subgenus of Eutrochatelln. Radula similar to that of Stoaatomn, but both A and B centrals have 2 to 3, stout, aculeate cusps; C-central tricuspid; D-lateral with only two very heavy cusps.
This monotypic genus combines, to a remarkable degree, the shell of Pyrgodovms with the radula of Stuastoinn. Type locality: Montague, Bonaire.
POMATIASIDAE.
Cistulopsinae, new subfamily. In "Das Gebiss der Schnecken " (Vol. I, p. 75, fig. v-1), Troschel pointed out that the radula of the one of the Cuban species differed from several other American members of this
90 THE NAUTILUS.
family in the possession of tricuspid centrals and first laterals. He followed Sowerby (Thes., fig. xxxi, 283, 284) and Pfeiflfer (1852; Mon. Pneura. viv. ) in the identification of the peculiar species as Ci/chdoma candeana Orbign y, but Pfeiffer showed later (Mon. Pneum., Suppl. I, p. 132) that it was actually C. illv^tre Poey. This important radular difference was recently contra- dicted by Henderson and Bartsch (1920; P. U. S. Nat. Museum, LVIII, pp. 54-55).
During the examination of the present collection I was sur- prised to find that the radula of Cistuhi raveni Crosse has tri- cuspid centrals and 7-cusped inner laterals. Both the centrals and the inner laterals have a large middle cusp with a smaller one on either side, but each inner lateral, in addition, has two minute serrations on either side of the blade of the main cusp, near its base. The outer laterals and marginals are somewhat similar to those of Tudora., and do not differ radically from many of the other species of American Pomatiasidae. These radular differences are sufficient grounds for the establishment of a new genus, CiSTULOPS, with the monotype Cistida raveni Crosse (1872; J. de C. XX, 159), from Curac^ao.
This led to the examination of the radulae of 62 species of American Pomatiasidae, but definitely multicuspid centrals and inner laterals were only found in one other species, Cyclostovia illustre Poey.* The radulae of my specimens of this last species agree quite well with Troschel's figure, already quoted, although I dift'erentiate two small cusps (instead of one) on either side of the middle cusp of the rhachidian central. As Troschel pointed out that this was sufficient basis for generic separation, the new genus, Troschelvindex, witii the monotype Ci/clodo}iia illustre Poey (1857; Mem. Cul)a II, p. 33) from llabana. Cuba (A. N. S. P. no. 129153), is here proposed.
Cydosloma incultuin Poey, C. peiylicatxan "Gundlach'' Pfr.,
*A. N. S. P. no. 12".)15;>; 2 s{)ecimens from Colon Cemetery, iliibanii, Cuba; J. P. Clark, 1921. .\. N. S. P. no. l.STaO; 2 spiviiuens from Cuba; Swift Collection. I wisli to express my gratitude to Prof Carlos do la Torre, for his veriiication of these identifications. Ho tells me that the tirst lot rep- resents a somewhat larger form that (Xicurs around llabana, while the second lot is quite tvpical and probably came from near .Matanzits.
THE NAUTILUS. 91
C largillierti Pfr. , and C. ilecusnatn Liun., all placed by Hender- son and Biirtsch in their " ^roup of Annuldrln illnstris^\ luive fundamentally unicuspid eentnUs and inner laterals. In addi- tion, the growth ribs of these species are gathered into tufts at the suture, while the sutural crenulations of T. illustris are the enlarged ends of individual ribs.
Largely on the basis of the supposed agreement amongst all of the American Pomatiasidae, in the possession of unicuspid centrals and inner laterals, Henderson and Bartsch separated the New World species from their Old World relatives. The subfamily Cistulopsinae is now proposed for the inclusion of these two unconformable genera, Cistulop't and Troschdv index. The remainder of the American cyclostomates, as far as ex- amined, can be retained in the family " Annulariidae," as de- fined by Henderson and Bartsch, although, personally, I can see no necessity for the division of the Pomatiasidae into smaller families.
However, the term Annulariidae itself cannot be used in this connection. Annidaria Schumacher (1817, Essai Nouv. Syst. Hab. Vers. Test., pp. 60, 196) contains two species, A. aiirnn- tiacn and A. fimhriata, both of Schumacher. Each is founded on figures in Chemnitz, and the first is apparently close to Cychphonis volvulus (Miiller). The second is described by the citation: ''Turbo lyncina Lin. Chemn. 9, sect. 2, pag. 54. Tab. 123, fig. 1060, Littr. a". This cannot be construed as a quotation of Turbo lincina Lin. (1758, Syst. X, 765) and A. dmbriata Schumacher must be restricted to the figure in Chem- nitz, which certainly does not represent the Linnaean species. In fact, this figure totally defies recognition, although Pfeiffer (1852, Mon. Pneum. Viv., 159) identified it, witli doubt, as Oyclostoma Jimbriatulum Sowerby. As a result, Dall's (1905, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, VI, 208) choice of Turbo lincina Lin. as the type of Annidaria is impossible; the only identifiable species of the genus, Annidaria aurantiaca, is now chosen as its type; and Annularia passes into the synonymy of Cychphorxis Montfort (1810, Conch. Syst. II, 290).
For these reasons the Jamaican group which has tempor- arily been known as Annularia must revert to its classical
92
THE NAUTILUS.
generic title, Choanopoma Pfr. (1847, Zeit. Mai,, 47), type Turbo lincina'Lm. (1758). The " Annulariidae" of Henderson and Bartsch may take the name of any of their other subfami- lies; Chondropominae would perhaps be most appropriate. Both the Cistulopsinae and the Chondropominae (in this broad sense) agree in the deep pectination of the marginal teeth of the radula.
The two genera of the Cistulopsinae are separated from each other by their opercula, even more n^arkedly than by their radula. That of Cistuloj^s consists almost entirely of the chon- droid plate, although a few, calcareous granules ornament its outer surface; while that of Iroschelv index has an incomplete, but distinct, calcareous portion, which consists of growth lamellae, cemented, at their distal edges, into a poorly de- veloped, calcareous plate. The external surface of this last plate is almost parallel to the chondroid one, but each whorl of the former is slightly narrower than the underlying portion of the latter, so that the appearance of the entire operculum is somewhat similar to that in the genus Choanopoma. For rea- sons that I hope to discuss in a future paper, 1 am inclined to believe that the operculum of Troschclvindcx represents the most primitive type in the American Pomatiasidae.
Chondkopominae.
TUDORA MACULATA, UCW SpCcicS.
Shell elongate-conic, thin ; brownish with darker bands,, usually broken into rows of flammulations. Altitude (4 whorls): 8.8 mm.; major diameter: 4.5 mm.; aperture: '2.3 mm. Whorls 6^ (usually 4 retained); cylindrical; last whorl de- scending, solute and sliglitly tangential. CJrowth sculi)ture of crowded, regular, low, rounded threads; spiral sculpture micro- scopic, of widely spaced threadlets. Umbilicus small. Aper- ture circular. I'eri.'^tome sharj), simple, continuous. Oper- culum with .subcentral nucleus; chondroid ])late inconspicuous, concave internally; calcareous }M)rtion thick, with channekd ]^erimeter; external surfac(> (calcan'ou.^ jtlate) distinctly convex and marked by fairly prominent gnnvth-wrinklcs.
Type locality: Montague, Bonaire. 1 had originally intended to name this very distinct, little sjiecies for Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, but recently found that k)t number 13761, in the collection of
TIIK NAUTILUS. y.'i
the Academy of Natural Sciences of I'liihulelphia, is certainly the same form. This set is lal)el(Ml: "' C'isttihi mnndaUi Bland, Buen Ay re, W. I." I can timl no referent^e to these shells in the literature, but think it safer to introduce Bland's appella- tion. The superlicial resenihlance of this sj)pcie3 to the young of Ciatnhps raveni probably deterred its description.
TuDORA RUPis, new species.
Shell similar to T. aurnntia (Wood), but smaller and thinner. Altitude (5^ whorls) : 14.0 mm. ; major diameter: 7.6 mm. ; alti- tude of aperture: 6.2 mm.; diameter of aperture: 5.2 mm. Whorls about 9 (4^ usually retained), not markedly convex, (irowth-sculpture of quite regular, but usually obscure, low, rounded cords. Spiral sculpture of prominent, rounded ridges, which are rarely surmounted or broken by the growth-sculpture, Umbilicus rimate. Aperture ovate, with the long axis quite oblique to that of the shell. Peristome sharp, incomplete; rather abruptly expanded on the palatal and basal walls; lobate at parietal angle and aurioulate at basal; very slightly expanded in the columellar region. Operculum similar to that of T. nurnntia, but with mucli thinner calcareous portion.
Type locality: liase of northern escarpment of the Tafelberg of Santa Barbara, southern Curagao.
TuDORA MUSKU9I, new species.
Shell similar to T. (lurdntia, but heavier. Altitude (5 whorls): 15.8 mm.; major diameter: 8.9 mm.; altitude of aper- ture: 6.3 mm.; diameter of aperture: 5.6 mm. Whorls about 8^ (usually 5 retained). Growth sculpture of widely-spaced, very prominent and heavy, angular costae, with a few, obsoles- cent cords between them; very .similar to T. cosUita (" Menke" Pfr.; 184(5, Zeit. Mai., 47; Chemn. II, fig. ix-9,10). Spiral sculpture of almost obsolete, rounded thickenings, which are usually evident only as undulating buttresses along the sides of the growth costae; towards the umbilicus they become much more prominent. Umbilicus rimate. Aperture small, almost circular, with long axis inclined at about 45° to that of shell. Peristome sharp, incomplete; not expanded at i)arietal angle and with upper palatal wall slightly emarginate; slight expan- sion of lower and palatal and basal regions terminates abruptly just beyond the slightly auriculate basal angle; columellar wall scarcely expanded. Operculum similar to T. rupis.
Type locality: top of shore clififs, Knip Baai, northern •Cura(;ao. This species has a much more nearly circular aper-
94 THE NAUTILUS.
ture than lias T. costata, the habitat of which is still unknown. I do not believe that T. ro>;tata occurs in the Dutch Leeward Islands, as none of the thousands of specimens examined shows any tendency to approach its strikingly elongate aperture.
TuDORA PiLSBRYi, uew species.
Shell much thinner and more depressed than T. megacheihs (Potiez et Michaud). Altitude (3f whorls): 16.0 mm.; major diameter: 12.4 mm.; altitude of aperture: 9.1 mm.; diameter of aperture: 8.9 mm. Whorls about 7 (usually 3^ retiiined); very convexly rounded and with deeply impressed sutures. Growth sculpture of regular, comjjressed riblets, which are quite closely spaced but are narrower than their interspaces. Spiral sculp- ture of numerous, regular, compressed, angular rihlets, which are heavier and slightly higher than the growth riblets; inter- sections developed as prominent, sharp, pyramidal cusps. Umbilicus much larger than in '1. megachcilos. Inner outline of aperture almost circular. Peristome roughly triangular and markedly undulate; parietal angle lobate; upper palatal wall markedly emarginate; lower palatal wall extensively developed but scarcely expanded; basal wall abruptly expanded; basal angle flattened; columellar wall auriculate below. Operculum similar to that of T. megdchcilos, but deeply concave externally.
Type locality: base of northern escarpment of the Tafelberg of Santa Barbara, southern Curagao.
TuDORA FOssoR, new species.
Shell more elongate and thinner than T. megacheilos. Alti- tude (complete): 13.0 mm.; major diameter: 7.5 mm.; altitude of aperture: 5 9 mm.; diameter of aperture: 5.5 mm. Whorls 6 (usually 3^ retained); the diameter increases uniformly from the first to the last, while in T. megachcilos the latter whorls en- large more rapidly than do the earlier ones. Sculjiture sinnlar to that of T. plhliryi, but growth riblets more comju-essed and intersectional cusps more lanceolate in outline. Umbilicus and aperture smaller than in T. mcgnchcUos. Peristome similar to the latter species, but with less extensively expanded columellar wall, slighter palatal emargination and thinner internal callus. External surface of the operculum more concave than in T. meg- achcilos, but much less so than in T. ])ihhri/i.
Type locality: valley between Seroes Palomba and Raha Iloendoe, northern ("uraeao. This is the only Tudora from Aruba, on which island two subsj)ecics occur.
THE NAUTILUS. 95
OR THE NAIADES OF LONG ISLAND, N. Y.
BY N. M. GRIEK, PH. D. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H.
The following species are cited as occurring in this region: EUiptio complanatus Dillwyn (1). Described as being moder- ately abundant at Riverhead. Anodonta implicata Say (2, 3). Found in lakes at Prospect Park, Brooklyn, and at Baisely's Lake, Jamaica South. Anodonta catnractaSay (3), from Kissena Park Lake, Flushing. The writer notes the occurrence of this species at Lake Ronkonkema, a glacial kettle-hole lake near the center of the island, where it seems fairly common. This species is widely distributed over the Atlantic slope. A number of specimens were transferred to St. John's Lake, Cold Spring Harbor, in August 1923, where their further progress may be noted.
Ortmann remarks of the close relationship of catarada and implicata, the latter differing from the former only by a thick- ening of the shell along its low^er margin, a distinction hardly noticeable in young shells. Anodonta sp. are usually thin shelled under any condition of environment. Their ready adaptation to the lime-free waters of Long Island is thus easily understood. E. complanatus is a puzzling species due to the large number of variants representing it. While it is described as having a moderately thick shell, yet a form of it with shell so soft as to be easily indented with the finger, has been reported from a soft- water lake in Maine (4). This would seem to indicate similar adaptability as the Anodantas. All are members of the depauperate Atlantic Coast Fauna, having been reported from New England by Johnson (5), and being found further south. The fair probability is their introduction on Long Island, one way or another through the agency of birds.
A similarly curious distribution is reported for A. catarada from the Tennessee drainage. This shell is not found in the Upper Tennessee drainage above Chattanooga except at a small pond near Knoxville, and at Wartburg on the Emory River. Yet it is abundant in the adjacent Cumberland river. Here
96 THE NAUTILUS.
again transportation by birds is the most plausible factor to invoke to account for its presence in the pond at Knox%'ille, inasmuch as it is absent from the main river. Finally with regard to Long Island shells, it is undoubtedly true that other species can be transported similarly, but it is possible that the chemical composition of the water has favored the species cited.
Bibliography
1. Smith, S., and Prime, Temple; "Report on Mollusca of Long Island, N. Y. and its Dependencies ". Annals Lvceum Nat. Hist., N. Y., Vol 9, May 1870.
2. Wheat, S. C. "List of 'Long Island Shells". Brooklyn Conchol. Club Bulletin, Vol. I, No. I, 1907.
3. Ames. Naut. 16, 1902.
4. Rich, S. C. "An aberrant form of U. complanatus". Science, N. S. Vol. XLII, 1905.
5. Johnston, C. W. " Fauna of New England, part 313, List of Mollusca". Boston Society of Nat. History 1915.
A LIST OF MOLLUSKS FROM INTERVALE. N. H.
BY HARALD a. REHDER
Following is a list of mollusks collected at Intervale, New Hampshire, during the last few years. Shells from this region, and the White Mountains in general, are not very common, and it is hoped this list will prove interesting. The land shells were largely collected in the woods on the side of ISIt. Bartlett. Mr. Charles W. Johnson aided in naming the land shells, and the only Musculium was kindly determined by Dr. V. Sterki. Polygyra albolabris (Say).
Dead and faded specimens were fairly common. Living shells, mostly yoyng, were found on several occasions. Polygyra fraterna (Say).
One live specimen found under damp leaves. Pyramidula alternata (Say).
One live shell found in the sap hole of a maple.
THK NAUTILUS. "JT
Pyramidulu cronkhitei anthonyi Pils.
Several living specimens from leaf mould. Zonitoides arborca (»Say).
One specimen from leuf mould. Found in company with the following two species. Vitrea hammonis (Strom).
Three specimens. Vitrea indentata (Say).
One specimen. This is believed to be a new record for New Hampshire, the previous northernmost record for New England having been from Cape Elizabeth, Maine. Anodonta cataracta Say.
Four specimens collected in a small brook flowing into the Saco River. This stream, at the time of collecting, was partly dried up, forming several pools. Many more were seen, one of which measured about 6^ inches in length. Mu.sculium rykoltii (Normand).
The first record for New Hampshire. Many specimens of this species were found in the same brook as that in which the preceding species was found. Planorbis antrosus Conr.
Several specimens found along with the preceding species.
50TE ON THE DISCOVERY OF OEYOOCERiS IN THE IDAHO TERTIARIES
BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL *
In 1902 the Croatian paleontologist Brusina published an atlas of engravings illustrating the remarkable fresh-water fauna of the Tertiaries of Dalmatia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia. This includes some uniijue forms not represented in the recent fauna, and known from no other region, many of them so different from anything now known from fresh water as to seem almost incredible.
In 1909 Mr. A. A. Hinkley obtained in the state of San
* By permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey
98
THE NAUTILUS.
Luis Potosi, from the Panuco river system some amnicoline shells which were recognized by Dr. Pilsbry as closely related to some of Brusina's genera, and who described them under the names of Etamericiella and Pterides (Nautilus, XXIII, pp. 45- 49, pi. 5). It is not certain that these bleached specimens rep- resent living species.
The U. S. Geological Survey recently received from Prof. F. A. Thomson a chunk of rock collected from Castle Creek, Owyhee Co., Idaho, from strata regarded by Meek, C. A. White, and Gabb as Miocene, which was submitted to the writer for examination. The matrix consisted of rather large rounded sand grains strongly cemented together and containing numerous fresh-water shells, Sphacrium, Pompholyx, and Melania iurneri Gabb, among the most conspicuous. A close examina- tion disclosed specimens of at least three species of Brusina's genus Orygoceras (1882), a remarkable tubular shell recalling the Caecid genus Parmtrophia, but less arcuate, more slender and with a more involved nucleus.
The matrix is so flinty and the minute shells so extremely fragile, that several were lost in the endeavor to extricate them, but at least three species were recognized; one smooth, resemb- ling Brusina's 0. cornicidum, one twisted, like his 0. fistula, and a third laterally carinate somewhat like 0. enemopsis Brusina, but more slender and with a crenate apex. A single specimen like Pterides rhabdus Pilsbry, but with the aperture concealed, a tricarinate Pi/rf/ula and a shell somewhat like Lithoglyphus fuchsi Brusina, were also noted.
In this connection attention may be called to some fossils from a shaly dei)osit on the Rio Carboneras falling into a tribu- tary of Lake Isabal, Guatemala, recently received; among others they comprise a large Oyretioidn , and a shell obviously a typical Tryonia, but which if found in Serbia would doubtless be referred to Pro»ns(}icni<i Ncumayr.
This relation between our fresh-water Tertiaries and those of southeastern Eurojie is extremely interesting and calls for further investigation.
THK NAUTILU3. 99
NOTES ON THE ANATOMY AND TAXONOMY OF CERTAIN LAMPSILINAE FROM THE GULF DRAINAGE
BY A. K. (iKTMANN, I'U. D.
(Continued f rum pnyc 00) Medionidus acutissimus (Lea).
Also this species differs from M. conradicns in the reticulated j)ainting and the coarser corrugations of the posterior slope. It differs from M. parvulus by the fact that the rays are more frequently present and rather broad (but also composed of reticulationsj. From i)Oth, conrddicns and panndiis, it is dis- tinguished by more prominent posterior ridge and pointed posterior end. The nacre is very frequently of a reddish or salmon color.
The soft parts have been described b}' Lea (under U. rubelli- nm, Obs. 6. 1858). He reports that the marsupium occupies nearly the whole length of the outer gill, with a wide reddish - brown border on the edge. The inner lamina of the inner gill is free nearly half of the length of the abdominal sac.
In my specimens I have found that the inner lamina of the inner gills is free for about one-half of the abdominal sac (more or less). In the gravid female, there are 2 to 4 long papillae on the mantle-edge in the same position as in the other species. These papillae are cylindro-conical in shape. The marsupium is large, yet it does not occupy the whole gill, but a large section in the middle of it, leaving non-marsupial a more considerable portion anteriorly, and a smaller portion posteri- orly (it is quite probable that it is smaller in younger speci- mens). The number of ovisacs on the left side is at least 22 (with .some posterior ones discharged); on the right side, tiiey are hard to count, since they are largely discharged, but probably there were still more of them. Also my specimen has the margin of the marsupium broadly cr)lored with brown pigment. Color of soft parts rather light: the black of conradi- cus and pnrvxdus being rej)laced by brown.
Glochidium of the same shape as that of the other species, but larger: L. 0.26 to 0.27, H. 0.32 to 0.33 mm.
100 THE NAUTILUS.
Thus the anatomical investigation furnishes in the larger marsupium with brown edge, in the prevailing brown, not black, pigment of the soft parts, and in the larger glochidia additional specific characters for M. acutissimus. The latter, in its affinities, if more remote from conradicus, while parvulus stands very close to this.
4. Carunculina PAULA (Lea) (1840). Simpson, 1914, p. 159.
Choctawhatchee River, Blue Springs, Barbour Co., Ala. — soft parts of 4 males and 5 barren females, H. H. Smith coll., Oct., 1915.
The anatomy of these specimens agrees in all respects with that of a parva (Barn.) (see: Ann. Cam. Mus. 8, 1912, p. 338, and Naut. 28, 1915, p. 129). In one of my specimens, a female, the supraanal opening is closed, in the others open. There is some blackish pigment at the edge of the marsupium. The caruncle is white or brownish.
These specimens have been identified (as Lampsilis pauln) by B. Walker, but since I do not possess the shells, I cannot exactly say what Walker understood by this name. However, specimens in the Carnegie Museum from various sources, among them two thus labeled, received from the Alabama Museum (from Chattahoochee River, Columbus, Muscogee Co., Ga. ), hardly differ from C. parva (Barnes). They do not have the cloth-like epidermis seen in the typical parva, and young shells are not so black, but more greenish, with lighter concen- tric bands. Further, the female is more distinctly swollen and dilated in the postbasal region. But these characters occasion- ally may turn up in C. parva, chiefly in southwestern (Arkan- sas) material.
5. Carunculina mcesta (Lea) (1841).
Toxolasma lividwn (Raf. ) Ortnian, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 57, 1918, p. 573; Car. mcesta Ortmann, Naut. 34, 1921, p. 89. U. corvunculas Lea, 1868.
Othcalooga Creek, Calhoun, Gordon Co., Ga. — a number of shells, and soft parts of one gravid female, H. H. Smith coll., July, 1913.
THE NAUTILUS. 101
Choccolocco Creek, ^^'hito I'lains, Calhoun Co., Ala. — 1 barren female with soft parts, II. II. Smith coll., July 31, 1915.
All these specimens were labeled corvuncidm by Walker. I have pointed out, that the shell named corvniiculus cannot be distinguished from T. lividum ( = C. inoesta) of the upper Ten- nessee drainage, and also the soft parts do not differ from speci- mens from East Tennessee and the Ozarks (Naut. 34, 1921, p. 89). Also the glochidia are the same.
My specimen with glochidia was collected in July, which confirms the late end of the breeding season observed in other instances in this species.
This is one of the species indicating the close connection of the Alabama-fauna with that of the Tennessee. C vxcesta is found in the Cumberland-Tennessee drainages and in the Ozarks, and its variety glans (Lea) in the central basin, south to Arkansas, but not on the Gulf plain. But the typical mcesta is present again (under the name of corvttncalus) in the Alabama drainage, chiefly in the headwaters. It should be mentioned, in this connection, that glans has been reported by Simpson (1914, p. 154) from Etowah River, Ga. : there is no doubt, in my opinion, that this refers to moesta.
6. MiCROMYA NEBULOSA (Conrad) (1834). Ortmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 57, 1918, p. 577.
This is a common species in the Cumberland and Tennessee drainages, and is very variable. But it is also found in the Alabama drainage, and in the Chattahootchee system in Georgia. In fact, its type-locality is in the headwaters of the Black Warrior River in Alabama ("mountainous regions of Alabama, in the Black Warrior River").
The following synonyms founded upon specimens from this region have been ascertained previously (1. c. ).
U. radians Lea (1857). Probably a rather normal female, with wide rays. Nacre white or rose. Othcalooga Creek (near Calhoun), Gordon Co., Ga. (tributary to Oostanaula, head- waters of Coosa).
U. jonm Lea (1859). Normal female, with narrow rays.
102 THE NAUTILUS,
Nacre white or salmon. Euharlee Creek, Bartow Co., Ga. (tributary of Etowah River, headwaters of Coosa).
U. sparus Lea (1868). A normal male with well developed rays. Nacre salmon. Swamp Creek, Whitfield Co., Ga. (trib- utary to Conasauga River, south of Dalton, headwaters of Coosa).
U. liaguaeformis Lea (1860). A male, with poorly developed rays, but normal in shape. Columbus, Ga. (Chattahoochee drainage; also reported from French Broad River in Tennessee).
U. sivius Lea (1838). A male with strongl}' developed rays, originally described from Cumberland River, but reported by Simpson (1914, p. 124) also from Othcalooga Creek Gordon Co., Ga.
To these, however, should be added the following synonyms.
U. plancus Lea (1860). Already Simpson (1914, p. 125) suspects that this is onlv a form of vehulosus. The figure repre- sents a male, and it is a rather short nebulosus, with rays well- developed. Such specimens are not at all rare. Coosa River, Wetumpka, Elmore Co. , Ala.
U. difficilis Lea (1868). Made a synonym of plancus by Simpson. The figured specimen is a small, rather shoot male, with few rays. Swamp Creek, Whitfield Co., Ga. (also given from headwaters of Holston River, Washington Co., Va. ).
I have before rae a rather large number of this species from the Coosa drainage, from Conasauga River in Polk Co., Tenn., from Swamp Creek, Whitfield Co., Ga. (type-locality of spnrus and (llffirAli^), from Cowan Creek, Cherokee Co., Ala., Little Wills Creek and Green Creek, Etowah Co., Ala.; Shoal Creek, St. Clair Co., Ala.; Choccolocco Creek, Talladega Co., Ala.; and Spring Creek, near Kewatcliee Si)ringp, Shelby Co., Ala. I have also material from the Cahaba River, in Bibb Co., Ala.
All this material shows that .)/. nehvlnm is widely distributed in this region, and that tlie Alabamn-form cannot be dis- tinguished from that of tlie Tennessee. In Conasauga River, at Conasauga, Polk Co., Tonn., T collected myself 2 males and 1 gravid female (discliarging glochidia. May 24, 1915). The anatomical characters are those of M. nehul.osa, ami also the glochidia are identical.
THE NAirriLUs. 108
The presence, in this case of the identical species, both in the upper Tennessee ami tlie Alabiinia drainages should be particu- larly noted, since this type of shell, although it extends (as M. iris) westward to the Ozarks, and northward all over the Missi8sipj)i and Ohio drainages, is not found to the southward and southwestward. Thus a connection of the Alabama range with that of the interior basin by way of the costal plain and u[) the Mississippi valley is excluded, and we must assume that this species managed to get across the divide between the Alabama and the Tennessee. It also should be noted that this species has been recorded from the Chattahoochee (linguae- fonnis). Simpson gives also Wolfsville, Union Co., N, Car. This is in the Catawba-Wateree drainage, far away from the rest of the range, and appears as rather doubtful.
7. MiCROMYA vinEX (Conrad) (1834). Simpson, 1914, p. 13G.
A species widely distributed in the Gulf drainage from yU<- sissippi to Georgia, with a variety (nigrina Lea) in Florida. It is closely allied, in the shell characters, to M. nebulosa, but generally more elongate, with very well developed rays, which usually are wide and stand rather crowded, although they may be absent on the anterior part of the shell. The rays are not "wavy", as Simpson describes them, but rather inter- rupted, spot-like, but not always so. On account of the crowded character of the rays, the general color of the epider- mis appears rather dark, dark green to blackish. The nacre is mostly white, rarely reddish. The shell grows to a larger size than that of M. nebulosa; the posterior expansion of the female is of about the same character. The 8ynon3'ms given by Simpson surely belong here; they are: U. exiguvs Lea (1840); U. stagnalis Conrad (1849); U. rutilans Lea (1856); V. subeUip- svs Lea (185G).
I have material from the Tombigbee, Sipsey, and Black Warrior River systems, from the Cahaba and Coosa drainages, up to Murray Co., Ga. and Polk Co., Tenn. ; from the Escam- bia and Choctawhatchee drainages in southern Alabama and from the Chattahoochee in Georgia. Soft parts are at hand from the following localities.
104 THE NAUTILUS.
Conasauga River, Conasauga, Polk Co., Tenn. — 2 males and 1 young female, A. E. Ortmaim coll., May 24, 1915.
Little River (trib. to Chattooga), Cherokee Co., Ala. — 1 young male, 1 gravid female (glochidia), H. H, Smith coll., Octob., 1015.
Choecolocco Creek, White Plains, Calhoun Co., Ala. — 1 male, 1 female, H. H. Smith coll., July 31, 1915.
Choctawhatchee River, Blue Springs, Barbour Co., Ala — 1 barren and 1 gravid female (glochidia), H. H. Smith coll., the former May 11, the latter Octob., 1915.
The specimens from the Choctawhatchee were labeled by Walker: vibex var.? I do not have the shells of them. But other specimens with shells from the Choctawhatchee drainage, thus labeled, are surely vihcx, differing only by more or less purplish shades in the nacre, thus forming a transition to the var. nigrina, known from Florida. Whatever they are, the soft parts do not differ from those of vibex.
I have described (Ann. Carnegie Mus. 8, 1912, p. 340) the barren female of M. vibex nigrina (Lea). The mantle margin of the typical vibex essentially agrees with this. There are about 12 (or more, in nigrina 10) cylindro-conical papillae, of large or medium size, which are somewhat distant from each other, with a few smaller ones anterior to them. In young females, the larger papillae are nearly the same size; in the larger ones, they are more irregular, and stand at irregular intervals, and the posterior part of the mantle-edge may be without them; but a group of 6 to 8 large papillae in its anter- ior part is evident.
The marsujMum is of the normal Lampsiline type; the number of ovisacs varies with age, from a few up to 25 or 30. The edge of the marsui>ium has blackish pigment.
Anal opening separated from the supraanal by a moderate tnantle-coimection. The anal has crenulations, the branchial o))ening has i)apillae. Inner lamina of inner gills connected witli al>dominal sac. Palpi with posterior margins connected at l)ase only. The male has a few, small, and distant, rudi- mentary papillae on the mantle edge. Color of t^oft parts whitish, anal and Inancliial (ipenings with black pigment, and
TMK NAUTILUS. 105
a streak of this runs forward along the inantlc-niargin. Pap- illae of female blackish-brown.
Glochidiutn subspatulate, of similar shape to that of the Iris- and Uenosa-gTOups, ami closely agreeing with it in dinit'iisions, L. 0.21, H. 0.27 mm.
Thus the anatomy bears out the relationship of this species to M. nebulosa and M. iris^ and we should regard ^f. vibex as at least closely allied to nebulosa, from which it may have de- scended. The slight irregularity in the pai)illae of the mantle- edge, in size as well as in their distance from each other, is transitional towards forms like lienosa, and thus M. vibex may present, to a degree, a connection between the iris- and lienosa- groups.
It should be pointed out that we thus have, in the Alabama system, two species representing the form nebulosa of the Tennessee-drainage: an identical one, nebulosa, and a closely allied, but different one, vibex. For the latter, of course, the same should be said with regard to its origin, as to the former. However, vibex l>eing distinct from nebulosa, we are to conclude that the conditions which brought about its distri- bution prevailed at least twice, at different times during the geological and geographical history of this region. There was an older connection of the waters, permitting a first immi- gration of the ne6u/osa-stock into the Alabama-system. This stock changed in the course of time into vibex, and reached a wider distribution upon the coastal plain (as far as Florida). A second immigration took place later, and the nebidosa-stock which then reached the Alabama-drainage did not have time enough to change its characters, and remained more geograph- ically restricted (to the Alabama and Chattahoochee systems, chiefly in the headwaters).
{To be continued)
106 THE NAUTILUS.
NOTES
SUCCINEA AVARA SaY, FROM THE TAR PITS OF CALIFORNIA.
The University of California possesses a very large collection of bones of birds and mammals which have been taken from the asphalt pits of Rancho la Brea, Los Angeles County, California. The cleaning processes through which the material goes consist in part of boiling in a vat of gasoline. Much of the bitumen goes into solution and foreign material settles to the bottom as a sludge. This consists chiefly of sand which has been thrown into the tar lake throughout its existence.
Such an excellent trap as this pit has been for birds and mammals would be expected to be equally successful for land snails but so far as the writer is aware they have never been re- corded from there. It is therefore a pleasure to be able to an- nounce the discovery of a single shell of Succlnca in those Ple- istocene deposits. The specimen was found by Mr. Clarence Ryan inside one of the numerous wolf skulls taken out some years ago, and was submitted to me by professor Bruce L. Clark.
The shell cannot be distinguished from specimens which have been found living in numerous places in the Pacific Coast States and which are usually identified as S. a^'ara Say. Whetlier careful study would show that this species is so wide spread as has been rei)orted or if the Pacific Coast specimens belong to a different form cannot l)e stated at this time. — G. Dallas Hanna.
Parviterei'.ka. Dr. Bartsch has omitted one imjidrtant name from his Key to the Terebridae (supra, pp. (50-64). This is the genus Pnrviterchra of Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Ivi, p. 6, founded on the Japanese sj^ecies pmici- volvis Pi Is.
It is a small but very distinct Indian Ocean prou]», superfici- ally akin to Afdzalhmia, and includes thyraea Metwill from the Persian Gulf and separandd Tomlin from South Africa. — .T. R. LE B. Tom LIN.
THE NAUTILUS. 107
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan — Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. By H. B. Baker (Occasional Papers, Museum Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 137, pp. l-o, July, 1923). Part one treats of the shells of Cura(;ao and part two of the terrestrial operculates of Venezuela. Keys in- cluding all the species of the region are given, and eight new species and subspecies are described and figured.
The 1!enus ScuLrTAiUA Pfeiffeu, with Description of Three New Species. By Henry C. Burnuj) (Annals Natal Mas., Vol. 5, pt. 1. pp. J-4. pis. 1 and 2, 1923).
Mollusques Terrestris et Fllviatiles de Syrie. P:ir Louis Germain (Voyage Zoolngicpie d' Henri Gadeau de Ker- ville en Syrie (Avril-Juin, 1908 1. Vol. 2, 523 pages, 1921; Vol. 3, 242 pages, 23 plates, 1922). Volume 2 contains the Gasteropods and volume 3 the Pelecypods and plates. With a complete bil)liography and fully illustrated it is a most ex- haustive work on the molluscan fauna of that region.
Mollusca of the Southwestern States. — XL By Henry A. Pilsbry and James H. Ferriss (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 75, 1923, pp. 47-103, pis. 1-S, 12 figures in text). This latest addition to the series of papers by the same authors deal- ing with the snails of the great American desert is one of the most valuable of all. It is divided into four parts, the first two of which deal with collecting stations in various mountain ranges in Arizona and the known faunas of each are brought down to date. Part III gives voluminous notes on many species old and new. A great deal of information is given on the anatomy of Sonorella, and five full plates of drawings illustrate the genitalia of the various species discussed. A Mexican species of BuHmitlns is added to the Arizona fauna. Six new species and nine new subspecies are described in the paper. The last ])art is devoted to a clearing up of the uncertainty which has surrounded MicrarionUi rowelli (New- comb) for almost sixty years. The tyi)e specimen is illustrated ; a new species found with it is descril)ed as 3f. neurombi and the
108 THE NAUTILUS.
type locality of both is fixed at Tinajas Altas, Gila Mountains^ Arizona.
It is quite evident that Messrs. Pilsbry and Ferriss are paving the way for one of the most monumental zoogeographic studies ever attempted in North America. Their final results will have a far-reaching importance in the study of zoology and taxonomy and i)erhaps in geology as well. The vast amount of detailed work involved can scarcely be appreciated by one who has not attempted such an undertaking, in at least a small way. The handling of such large series of specimens and records would be a fruitful source of error in untrained hands. But that these gentlemen are equal to their responsibilities is shown by a careful check and cross check of the first several pages. A single error was detected, and that typographical; thyroides is spelled thyroidus on page 51 line two. — G. Dallas Hanxa, California Academy of Sciences.
Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London (Vol. 15, pi. 4, Oct. 1923). On the External Characters of Sinum planulatum. By G. C. Robson, pp. 268 and 269.
Masculine Deficiencies in the British Vertigininae. By Hugh Watson, pp. 270-280.
The Presence of a Sub-cerebral Commissure in the Orthur- ethra. By Hugh Watson, pp. 280-283.
The Anatomy and General aflinities of Ochthephila (=:Geo- mitra) turricula Lowe. By Hugh Watson, pp. 283-293, pi. 6.
On the British species of Truncatellina. By A. S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, pp. 294-298.
Note on the Nomenclature and Systematic Arrangement of the Clausiliidae. By A. S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, pp. 298-308.
On Turris (Surcula) macella nom. nov. for T. macilenta Melv., nom. preocc. By J. Cosmo Melvill, p. 309.
Some Synonyms in the Veneridae. By J. K. le I}. Tomlin, pp. 310-313.
The MoKPnoLOGV of the Nudihranch Genus Hancockia. By F. M. MacFarland (Jour. Morj^hology, Vol. 38, pp. 65- 104, pis. 1-6, 1923).
THK NAl 111 I s
WALKtR: AMPHIUROMUS MRESCENS [SWAINSON)
THE NAUTILUS PLATE VI
CKAMPTON: PAKTULA FKOM MOOKEA. SOCIETY ISLANDS
The Nautilus.
Vol. XXXVII APRIL, 1924. No. 4
WEW AND SIGNIFICANT SPECIES OF PARTULA FROM MOOREA, SOCIETY ISLANDS
BY HENRY EDWARD CRAMPTON
The present writer has been engaged for some years in an in- tensive study of the distribution, variation, and evolutionary relationships of the land gastropods belonging to the genua Partula. The species dwelling in the Society Islands have re- ceived the most attention on account of their number and vari- ety; the known species of the genus number a little over a hundred, and more than fifty of these occur only in the group specified. All of the islands inhabited by the genus, from Tahiti to Borabora, have been explored during one or more joumeys, and the volume on the Tahitian species has been pub- lished \ Field studies have also been prosecuted in the Cook, Samoan, Tongan, and the Mariana Islands, and a volume on the species of the last-named group has been completed and is shortly to appear.
The island geographically proximate to Tahiti is Moorea, about twenty miles distant, where collections amounting to over forty thousand specimens have been secured in the course of five field trips, from 1907 to 1923. The detailed study of this wealth of material is progressing rapidly with results that en- tirely confirm the general conclusions of the Tahitian research,
* Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 228, 1917.
110 THE NAUTILUS.
while in addition abundant evidences have been discovered that the differentiation of more than one parental stock into diverse products is a contemporaneous process. Any further statement of the essential facts in the last connection must await the prep- aration of the complete account of the Moorean species, includ- ing the details of their distribution and the quantitative data of their variation.
The purpose of the present article is to place on record certain new species that are so noteworthy as to merit immedi- ate attention. The general point of greatest interest is that they were unknown to Garrett, who resided many years in the So- ciety Islands, and whose circumstantial account of the land gastropods of that group ' reveals his intimate knowledge of the organisms and of their localized situations. Garrett's descrip- tions of the Moorean snails show that he explored the island with great care, 3'et the new species herein described must have escaped his notice on account of the peculiar circumstances of their occurrence. Having corroborated the records of the species of Tahiti, Raiatea, Tahaa, Huaheine, and Borabora, it was a real surprise to the present author to find novel forms in Moorea which are not mentioned in the literature, and which are entirely absent from the extensive collections made by Gar- rett, now distributed in the museums of Honolulu, Philadel- phia, Washington, Cambridge, and Pittsburg.
Three of the new species are sinistral, thus agreeing with P. mooreana, which is dextral only in the case of rare, newly-dis- covered mutations, and also with numerous local associations of P. sutttralis. Hence the island of Moorea supports more re- versed species of the genus than are known to occur elsewhere throughout its entire range. The fourth novel species is pre- dominately dextral, although exceedingly rare sinistral mutants have been found.
Partula tohiveana, new species. Plate VI, figures 1-4.
Shell large, sinistral, elongate-conic, and perforate. Whorls 5 to 5^, with flattened jirofile at the ai)px, becoming more con- vex with further growth; suture slightly impressed in most ex-
* Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelpliia, Vol. IX, part I, 1884,
THK NAUTILUS. HI
amples. The middle area ol the hist whorl is flattened or even indented immediately outside of the lip. Columella straight. The dense, finely-sculptured lines of the younger whorls disap- pear toward the body-whorl which is therefore smooth and shining in undecorticated specimens.
Aperture elongated, with its long axis inclined away from the columellar axis. Lip rounded or slightly beveled, thickened inwardly, sharply angled at the columellar insertion, and den- tated near its outer insertion; the toothed appearance is accent- uated by the sudden narrowing of the outer peristome toward its junction with the last whorl. A thin, shining callus spreads over the body-whorl between the two insertions of the lip. A parietal tooth is well developed almost universally.
Colors: (a) corneous yellow or light corneous-brown, with or without darker coloring of the apical whorls, and in some speci- mens with sparse darker transverse lines (Plate VI, fig. 1); (6) similar in ground color and with two, sometimes four, vaguely-defined revolving bands of chocolate-brown (Plate VI, figs. 2, 3); (c) with a revolving median zone of chocolate-brown upon the usual background (Plate VI, fig. 4). The lip is white, smooth, and shining.
The shells of half-grown individuals have the outer wall plainly angled, although this feature disappears on the later- formed whorls. The embryonic young are always unhanded, either white or faintly corneous, with or without a colored tip. The bands of fasciated adults appear only in post-embryonic life, and they seem to be relics of an antecedent dark general color. Embryonic capsule impregnated with calcareous sub- stance so as to be opaque.
Dimensions as follows:
Length 17.4-23.7 mm., average 21.68 mm.
Width 10.1-13.7 mm., average 12.08 ram.
Length of aperture 8.9-12.5 mm., average 11.06 mm.
Width of aperture 6.7-9.3 mm., average 7.98 mm.
Proportions of shell 49.5-60.5 per cent, average 55.65 per cent.
Proportions of aperture 65.5-78.5 percent, average 72.04 per cent.
112 THE NAUTILUS.
Proportions of aperture-length to shell-length 47.5-55.5 per cent, average 50.95 per cent.
Habitat: Moorea, Society Islands; lower slopes of Mt. Tohivea.
This species presents several features of special interest. In the first place, in the writer's experience it exists only in a very limited area of bush on the lower northern slopes of Mt. Tohivea, which is the dominating mountain of the island. In July of 1923 a few hundred specimens of various ages were taken in an area not more than four hundred yards in lateral extent, between 700 feet and 900 feet above sea level. Despite the fact that the natives of Moorea, as elsewhere in the Society Islands, are collectors of shells to be made into necklaces and wreaths, the new species was entirely unknown to them.
Intrinsic noteworthy features are the roundly dentated outer lip, and the simple conical contour of the youngest whorls, in which characters P. tohiveana resembles the dextral species P. dentifera and P. formosa that live in the island of Raiatea, more than a hundred miles to the west-northwest of Moorea. The resemblances in these distinctive qualities suggest that the Moorea and Raiatea forms di8pla3'ing them are descended from a common ancestral stock, comprising animals of both coils like P. otaheitana and P. suturalis as they exist today, and which ranged over a larger body of land connecting the two islands in former ages. At the northwestern end of this former land, where Raiatea remains, the present derivatives have retained the dextral coil, while at the eastern end, which is now the separated island of Moorea, the animals are reversed. Under the geographic and other circumstances, P. tohiveana cannot be a direct product of Raiatean ancestry; and it is equally clear that the Raiatea species with the characteristics in question are not the descendants of direct migrants from Moorea.
Partula olympia, new species. Plate VI, figures 5-8.
Shell sinistral, ovate-conic, more compact than in P. tohiv- eana ; compressly perforate. Whorls 5 to 5.^, convex through- out, suture of the l)ody-wh()rl impressed. The middle ]>art of tlie last whorl is depressed ju.st l)c'f<)re it meets the flaring lip,
THK NAUTILUS. 118
as in tohivfana. Columella twisted slightly, — a feature more evident in adolescent than in adult shells. The spiral sculptur- ing continues from the youngest whorls to the very edge of the lip.
Aperture elliptical, axis parallel to the columellar axis. Lip rounded or slightly beveled, thickened inwardly, broad at its columellar insertion and narrowed toward its outer insertion, but not so markedly as in tohivcana. A shining callus occurs between the two insertions, finely pitted under the lens. A parietal tooth occurs in all but a few of the shells, but it is not prominent.
Colors: (a) uniform fleshy corneous; (6) uniform medium brown; (r) same in basis, with a median band of brown on the whorls of the spire only (Plate VI, fig. 5); (d) similar in ground-color, with a vague median band of brown which ex- tends over the body whorl as well as on the upper coils (Plate VI, figs. 6, 7); (e) ground color as before, with two revolving bands of brown, weak and vaguely defined (Plate VI, fig. 8). The lip is white.
The outer wall of the adolescent shell displays a median angle. The revolving colors of fasciated individuals appear on the embryonic shell, in which respect they differ from the bands of deeper tint in tohiveana. The embryonic capsule is opaque.
Dimensions of thirty-one measurable shells as follows:
Length 17.7-20.4 mm., average 18.94 mm.
Width 10.3-11.9 mm., average 10.99 mm.
Length of aperture 9.1-10.9 mm., average 9.99 mm.
Width of aperture 6.7-8.1 mm., average 7.43 mm.
Proportions of shell 53.5-62.5 per cent, average 58.14 per cent.
Proportions of aperture 70.5-80.5 per cent, average 74.37 per cent.
Proportions of aperture length to shell length 49.5-56.5 per cent, average 53.63 per cent.
Habitat: Moorea, Society Islands: inner slopes of Mt. Moua- puta at high levels.
On first inspection the present species appears to be very close to P. tohiveana, but on further study it proves to be clearly dis-
114 THE NAUTILUS.
tinct. The two species are alike in sinistral coil, narrowed outer insertion of the lip, depressed median body-whorl outside of the lip, and in the general coloration of certain subordinate classes. But P. olympia differs in its more compact form, Btraighter aperture, convex apical whorls, its delicate sculptur- ing throughout the whole shell, and in the earliest possible appearance of the revolving bands when they occur. Hence P. olympia is no nearer to iohiveana than it is to the far more abundant P. mooreana of the same island.
Less than a hundred examples of all ages have been taken. They were discovered in 1919 in a restricted area of forest about 900 feet above sea-level, on the inward or northern slopes of Mt. Mouaputa. This mountain stands about two miles from Mt. Tohivea with which it is connected by a portion of the ancient wall of the huge central crater of the island. The for- ests are virtually continuous between the localities of olympia and iohiveana, but no sinistral snails belonging to these or to any other species were found in the intervening territory. The natives had never found the type, so far as could be ascertained; the specific name is conferred because they believe that the mountain of Mouaputa is the dwelling-place of invisible super- natural beings.
Partula dendroica, new species. Plate VI, figures 9-13.
Shell sinistral, oblong-conic, compreesly perforate. Whorls 5^ to 5^, slightly convex, the last conspicuously slender. Suture impressed, more markedly on the last whorls. Colu- mella sinuous. Surface shining and generally smooth, as if polished; spiral sculpturing weak, and obsolescent on the last whorl.
Aperture oval, not inclined. Lip rounded, slightly thickened within, channeled at its columellar junctit)n, and evenly curv- ing to the neighborhood of its outer insertion where it turns in- ward more abruptly. The callus over the body-whorl is very thin. Parietal tooth entirely wanting, or very weakly devel- oped in a small i)crcentage of the specimens.
The color classes are clearly differentiated, as follows: (a) uniform light straw-yellow, with slightly darkened tip as a rule
THK NAUTILUS. 115
(Plate VI, fig. 9); (i) uniform yellowish-brown, or brown (Plate VI, fig. 10); (c) yellowish-brown, with a single median band of deep brown, sharply defined on all excepting the youngest of the whorls (Plate VI, fig. 11); (d) like the forego- ing in ground-color, with a broad median zone of deep brown color (Plate VI, fig. 12); (e) yellowish-brown or brown, with four revolving bands of deeper brown, one near the suture, one near the base, and two intermediate (Plate VI, fig. 13).
The metaneanic whorls are not angled as in tohiveana and olympia. Fasciation begins with the embryonic stages. The embryonic capsule is opaque.
Dimensions of the entire series of adult shells in hand, eighty-six in all, as follows:
Length 18.9-23 4 mm., average 20.45 mm.
Width 10.3-12.5 mm., average 11.29 mm.
Length of aperture 9.9-11.7 mm., average 10.74 mm.
Width of aperture 7.1-8.9 mm., average 8.06 mm.
Proportions of shell 46.5-61.5 per cent, average 55.17 per cent.
Proportions of aperture 66.5-81.5 per cent, average 75.00 per cent.
Proportions of aperture-length to shell-length 46.5-58.5 per cent, average 52.44 per cent.
Habitat: Moorea, Society Islands; southern and southwestern aspects of Mt. Rotui, at high levels.
This species was first discovered in 1909, when it was sup- posed to be a local variant of P. suturalis Pfeiffer, which it re- sembles in some features. While P. dendroica and P. suturalis may be connected through a common remote ancestry, there can be no question that the differences they now exhibit justify their separation as distinct species.
Mt. Rotui is a lofty mass of volcanic rock situated between the two bays of Faatoai or Opunohu and Paopao which indent the northern side of Moorea. It is interpretable as a sector of an original crater which has long been disconnected from the semicircle comprising the high peaks of Mt. Tohivea and Mou- aputa, where the previously-described species occur. The areas where P. dendroica was found lie in a zone of dense vegetation
116 THE NAUTILUS.
on the abrupt southern slopes of Mt. Rotui. The snails live on the high shrubs and trees, and are rarely taken on the plants of lower growth where P. tseniata and other species are found. The specific name is given on account of the tree-dwelling habits of the species. Probably the habits in question and the local occurrence of the species are responsible for Garrett's fail- ure to discover dendroica.
From seven points within the inhabited area, representative collections have been secured which comprise more than two hundred individuals of adult and adolescent growth. The several associations dififer much as regards the number and rela- tive frequencies of their component color-classes. In brief, P. dendroica surpasses P. tohiveana and P. olympia in its geograph- ical extension and in its local differentiation, although it falls far short of the other species of Moorea in both of these respects.
Partula MiRABiLis, ncw specics. Plate VI, figures 14-20.
Shell dextral (reversed in rare mutations); ovate-conic to elongate-conic, openly or compressly perforate. Whorls 5, slightly convex, the body-whorl flattened toward the lip; suture of the last whorl impressed. The surface is sculptured through- out, but the lines are fewer on the larger whorls, which are shining and generally smooth except in decorticated specimens.
Aperture narrowed, elongated, almost oblong in general out- line. Lip sharply beveled, thin, and smooth. A thin, rough- ened callus spreads between the insertions of the lip. Parietal tooth present in almost all instances, but it is seldom prom- inent.
Colors: (u) corneous fleshy, apex pale brown (Plate VI, fig. 14); (b) pale brown, with deeper brown transverse strigations (Plate VI, fig. 15), (c) corneous brown, with darker brown, ruddy, or rose-brown spire; (d) deep chocolate brown or seal brown, the s])ire usually lighter (Plate VI, fig. IG); (e) light brown, with tbree revolving bands of deeper brown color, and usually with sutural and basal clouding (Plate VI, fig. 17); (/) encircled by a broad zone of deep brown color, which is separ- ated from the brown sutural and basal areas by narrow corneous lines, often with an asymetrical revolving corneous line through
THE NAUTILUS. 117
the median line itself (Plate VI, fig. 18); (g) deep seal-brown in general, with a revolving corneous zone toward the base and just within the suture of the upper whorls (Plate VI, fig. 19); (/i) brown, save for a median revolving area which is corneous (Plate VI, fig. 20). The lip is white in the lighter-colored classes, and stained with brown or purplish-brown in the darker divisions.
Embryonic young are either brown of various shades, or they are clearly girdled by a central zone of darker color; the latter condition develops into the several forms of final adult fascia- tion. The egg capsule is opaque.
Dimensions are here given as the extreme measures of the few hundred shells already analyzed, as follows:
Length 14.1-18.6 mm.
Width 8.3-10.7 mm.
Length of aperture 7.5-10.1 mm.
Width of aperture 5. 1-7. 1 mm.
Proportions of shell 51.5-65.5 per cent.
Proportions of aperture 61.5-79.5 per cent.
Proportions of aperture length to shell length 46.5-59.5 per cent.
Habitat: Moorea, Society Islands: several subordinate local- ities within the central crater valley of Opunohu, and in some adjacent areas.
This species receives its name in recognition of certain re- markable features of its intrinsic nature and distribution. In the first connection, the notable point is its striking differentia- tion in the characteristics of coloration; no less than eight color-classes can be distinguished, and some of these are not duplicated in any other species of the Society Islands. These color-classes vary in number and relative abundance in the several local associations, which therefore present very different aspects even in neighboring valleys. The aperture is exception- ally narrow for a species of Partula, while the beveled nature of the lip is another distinctive feature.
It seems certain that Garrett possessed no examples of this species, for nothing of the kind is mentioned in his writings or in his correspondence with Hartman and others, and the species
118 THE NAUTILUS.
is entirely lacking in the abundant series of shells sent by Gar- rett to conchologists. Yet at the present time the total area of its occupation extends over some miles of territory, in which the animals occur in greater numbers at the higher levels. From the observations of the present writer during the years from 1907 to 1923, it is certain that the species has spread into this wider territory from a central region that must have been so small in Garrett's time as to escape the scrutiny of that care- ful explorer and observer; in short, the condition of P. mirahilis some decades ago must have been like that of P. tohiveana and P. olyvipia at the present time, although mirahilis has extended its range and it has differentiated into diverse colonial associa- tions as the other species have not as yet.
The full statement of the structural qualities and color-char- acteristics of mirahilis must await the complete analysis of the material now in hand, which comprises several thousand indi- viduals. The data given in the foregoing account sufficiently define the species and indicate its noteworthy features.
Explanation of Plate VI
Figs. 1-4. Parttda tohiveana, new species. Figs. 5-8. Partula olympia, new species. Figs. 9-13. Partula dendroica, new species. Figs. 14-20. Partula mirahilis, new species.
A bucket deedge
BY CHARLES HEDLEY
I suppose that all zoologists who have worked in water deeper than a hundred fathoms have found trouble with their gear. Especially is this the case with people who, like myself, began to dredge without tuition or any help from experienced men, Soniotimcs a dredge returns without a spoonful of shells, although the i)()lishcd mvUil corlilics that it has been rubbed on the bottom. A dredge that goes overboard so neatly may re- turn with the tail wrapped in the mouth ov the wire rope may be twisted and tangled.
THE NAUTILUS.
119
After many such disappointments, the writer planned to con- Btruct a fool-proof dredge, which should never fail to go down straight, to till properly and linally to deliver a profitable load on deck. The instrument here'described has fulfilled these re- quirements, working admirably'in rough, very rough, weather.
Fio. 1
Fig. 2
Figs. 1 , 2. Bucket Dredge, from the side and above.
Several American friends^to whom I related my experiences have asked for particulars. In the hope that the usefulness of this tool may be extended, I now ofifer to the readers of the "Nautilus " a sketch and description of my bucket dredge.
The dredge, which weighs altogether about forty pounds, is made of a sheet of 2-mm. steel rolled in a cone, 1000 mm. long, 410 mm. in diameter at the wide end and 100 mm. at the nar- row end. This cone is stiffened by side straps of flat bar steel 7 mm. thick and 40 mm. wide. These project 50 mm. beyond
120 THE NAUTILUS.
the small end to hold a 12-mm. bolt; outside this bolt and be- tween the side straps is a " distance piece ' ' which serves the double purpose of holding the side straps apart and of carrying a dredge or tangles. At the wide end the side straps project 50 mm. and are thickened into 18-mm. shoulders in order to carry the shackle bolt. A substantial chain attached to the latter serves to swing the dredge. The aperture of the dredge is choked with a cone-shaped flange, a moveable basin dia- phragm, with an orifice of 200 mm. in diameter and set back 120 mm. within the periphery. By the rim it is fastened to the dredge with four nuts and bolts. The object of the flange is to save the contents from being washed out by swirling eddies as the dredge ascends.
One point that I stress for the zoologist, who is not an engi- neer, is the need for a strong swivel-link to be placed above the bucket. A bucket sent down to deep water without a swivel will not come home but will spin till the rope screws off and breaks.
For emptying the dredge the flange is removed and the sand or mud dug out with a trowel, the contents may be bagged up to take ashore. But if the voyage is a long one the catch can be treated aboard. For this I carry sieves small enough to be manipulated in an ordinary ship's bucket. These are 200 mm. in diameter, 100 mm. deep and have a wire net of 20 meshes to the inch. Finally when the mud is washed out, the product of the sieves can be tied up in small canvas bags, holding a couple of pounds or so, and dried in the engine room.
NOTES ON MARINE M0LLUSK8 FROM PERU AND ECUADOR
l?V A. A. OLSSON
In the course of geologic studies in Peru, opportunity was occasionally found for the collection of marine mollusks from the beaches along the northwest coast. Although these collec- tions have not as yet been fully studied, it is believed that this preliminary account and list of the more common or otherwise interesting species may be of value. The collections begin
THK NAUTILUS. 121
to the south at Bayover on the south side of the Bay of Sechura and continue northward nearly to the mouth of the Tumbez river. Collections were also made at several localities on the Santa Elena peninsula of Ecuador and are included. Dall's ex- cellent Checklist of the Peruvian Marine Mollusks has been most useful as an aid in the identification and as a guide during collecting. To this list, can be added several species and defi- nite Peruvian locality records for several more. Species not previously known from Peruvian localities are indicated with a *.
Most of the shells contained in the collections belong to species characteristic of the Panaman faunal province, whose southern limit and border with the Peruvian province, has been variously placed as the Gulf of Guayaquil, Paita and Punta Aguja. No sharp and fast line can of course be drawn and, in the general border region of the two provinces, a certain inter- mingling and overlapping of the two faunas will occur. Appar- ently, it would seem that Punta Parinas, the most westerly point of the South-American continent, forms the most natural line that can be drawn between the two provinces, although many of the Panaman species extend beyond into the warm, protected bays of Paita and Sechura. It is at or near Punta Parinas, where the cold Peruvian or Humboldt current finally leaves the coast in a more westerly swing out into the open Pacific. The rather large list of marine mollusks collected at Negritos (near Parinas) is the result of very persistent col- lecting during several months of residence and does not repre- sent the usual species found each day on the beach. The common fauna of Parinas is rather a limited one, in which the Tivela planulata Broderip and Sowerby, is the most common and characteristic species. Among the seaweed-covered rocks ex- posed at low tide, are found in abundance, the Thav^ biserialis Blainville, T. peruensia DaH, T. chocolata Duclos. many Chitons, Acmaeas and an occasional Turbo magnificus Jonas, and Acan- thina vuiricatd Broderip. Going north up the coast from Par- inas, we can note a progressive warming of the waters with shells becoming continually more abundant and varied. Lob- itos about 15 miles north of Parinas, generally ofifers good
122 THE NAUTILUS.
collecting and at Restin and Punta Cabo Blanco still further north, mollusks have become quite abundant.
The abundance and varied character of the molluscan fauna in any locality, depends very largely upon the nature of the coast line. A long stretch of sandy beach such as that which extends south from Punta Parinas to the mouth of the Chira river, is generally devoid of much interest. Such beaches in northwestern Peru are characterized by the abundance of a few species, such as Tivela planulnta Broderip and Sowerby, Donax punctatostriatus Hanley, Olivella columellaris Sowerby and rare shells of Periploma planiuscula Sowerby, Lima pacifica Orbigny, Raeta undulata Gould and Pyrnla decussnta Wood. A coast bordered by submerged rocks and ledges, as a rule offers the most favorable places for collecting. The wholly or parti- ally submerged rocks support a large fauna mainly of gastro- pods; while shell-drift often very rich in the smaller and less known species, is allowed to accumulate along the sandy beaches. The coast of the Santa Elena peninsula at Salinas, is of this kind, the scene of some of the early collecting of Cum- ing and the type locality for many species.
Many interesting species were collected from old Indian graves which are found abundantly along certain parts of the Peruvian coast. These Indian graves are generally thickly covered with shells which for the most part, belong to the com- mon species of the coast. Occasionally however many inter- esting species may be found, which are very rare on the present beaches. They include such shells as the various species of Cancellaria, the Northia northiae Gray, Solenosteira anomala Reeve and Thais kiosqiiifomiis Duclos.
The localities represented by the collections are the following.
Ecuador: On the Santa Elena peninsula, at Salinas, Colonche and Playas.
Peril : North, Mai Paso to Zorritos. Zorritos to Boca de Pan. Mancora to Punta Verde. Punta Cal)o Blanco. Lobitos. Negritos (Parinas). Paita. Bayover (Bay of Sechura).
Bxdlaria ntqiersa A. Adams. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora. Salinas.
^Umbraculum sp. A broken specimen which measured fully
THE NAUTILUS. l23
75 mm. in length when complete was collected at Mancora. It is probably the U. ovalid Carpenter of the Bay of Panama.
Tertln-a ttrigula Sowerby. Common, Paita, NegritoB, Lobitoe, Mancora, Salinas.
Conus monilifer Sowerby. Lobitos.
Conui purpurascens Broderip. Mancora.
Cancellaria cassidiformis Sowerby. Common on Indian graves near Negritos, Que. Mancora; living at Mancora.
Cancellaria chrysostoma Sowerby. Locally common, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
*Cancellaria cumingiana Petit. Often common on Indian graves. Living at Lobitos and Mancora.
Cancellaria clavatida Sowerby. Lobitos.
Cancellaria ohesa Sowerby. Indian graves, Mancora.
Cancellaria te^selata Sowerby. Mancora.
OUva angiikita Lamarck. Zorritos.
Oliva kaleontina Duclos. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
OUva peruviana Lamarck. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, 1 specimen at Salinas.
Oliva spicata Bolton var. pindarina Duclos. Salinas.
Olivella cohinellaris Sowerby. Very common along the entire northwest coast, Salinas.
Olivella semistriata Gray. Zorritos.
Marginella curia Sowerby. Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
* Vasum caestus Broderip. Rare, Negritos.
Solenosteira Jusiformis Blainville. Negritos, Lobitos, Salinas. Also on Indian graves near Mancora.
^Solenosteira anomala Reeve. From Indian graves between Mancora and Punta Sal.
*Cantharu^ diitortus Gray. Common, Negritos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
Cantharm ekgans Gray. Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
*Cantharu3 gemmatus Reeve. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
*Cantharus ringens Reeve. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
*Engina contracta Reeve. Negritos.
*Northia northiae Gray. From Indian graves near Mancora.
^Leucozonia cingvlata Wood. Mancora, Salinas.
124 THE NAUTILUS.
Columbella fuscata Sowerby. Lobitos, Mancora.
Columbella major Sowerby. Lobitos, ^lancora, Salinas.
Columbella paytcnsi-s Lesson. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Columbella strombiformis Lamarck. Salinas.
Anachis fluduata Sowerby. Mancora.
^Strombina recurva Sowerby. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
^Murex nigrescens Sowerby. ^lancora, Salinas.
^Euplmra muriciformis Broderip. Negritos, Lobitos.
Thais biserialis 'B\a,in\i]\e. Common, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Thais callaoensis Gray. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Thais chocolata Duclos. Negritos, Lobitos.
Thais crassa Blainville. Salinas.
Thais kiosquiformis Duclos. Indian graves near Mancora, Colonche (common).
Thais perueiisis Dall. Negritos, Lobitos.
Thais triangularis Blainville. Mancora living and on Indian graves, Salinas.
Acanthina brevidentata Mawe. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
^Acanthina muricata Broderip. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
^Distortio constrictus Broderip. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
^Cymatium gibbosum Broderip. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
*Cymatium lignarium Broderip. Negritos, Mancora, Salinas.
Bursa sp. My specimens are all broken but they appear closest to the B. rugosa Sowerby from Manila, according to Sowerby's figure (Con. 111., fig. 7).
*Cassidea abbreviata Lamark. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Malca ringens Swainson, Occasional, Bayover, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
^Pyrula decussata Wood. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos.
*Simnia rufa Sowerby. Negritos.
^Cyphoma cmarginaia Sowerby. Negritos, Mancora.
^Levenia coarctata Gray. Mancora, Salinas.
*Morxim tubcrcidosum Sowerby. Mancora.
Cypraea annettae Dall. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos.
THE NAUTILUS. 125
Oypraea arabicula Lamarck. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Cypraea exanthema Linnaeus. Occasional along the whole coast.
Ci/praea nigropundata Gray. Lobitos.
Trivia pacijica Gray. Salinas.
Trivia radians Lamarck. Common, Negritos, Lobitos, Man- cora, Salinas.
*Triviasanguinea Gr&y. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Erato scabrittscula Gray. Mancora.
Cerithium adustum Kiener. Salinas.
Cerithium viaadomm Kiener. Salinas.
Serptd&rbis squamigerus Carpenter. Lebitos, Salinas.
Turritella goniostoma Valenciennes. Generally common. Bay- over, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Architedonica granidata Lamark. Generally large and com- mon, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
Cheilea equestris Linnaeus. Salinas.
Calyptraea mamillaris Broderip. Salinas.
Crucibidum imbricatum Sowerby. This and the next are very common species along the Peruvian coast. Bayover, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Cnicibidum spinosum Sowerby. Same localities as the last.
Crepidula aculeata Gmelin. Very common along the entire coast.
Crepidula crepidula Linnaeus. Zorritos.
Crepidula incurva Broderip. Lobitos, Mancora.
Crepidula onyx Sowerby. Salinas.
Crepidula squama Broderip. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Hipponiz barbata Sowerby. Salinas.
*Xatica broderipiana Reclus. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Natica elenae Reclus. 1 specimen from Salinas.
Natica unifasdata Lamarck. Colon che.
Polinices uber Valenciennes. On Indian graves and living along the coast, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Salinas.
Polinices cora Orbigny ? Negritos.
Neverita glauca Humboldt. Negritos, Lobitos.
126 THE NAUTILUS.
Sinum concavum Lamarck. Negritos, Mancora.
Sinnm n. sp. This species belongs to the group of <S. per- spectivus Say, but is somewhat less depressed. From S. debilis Gould they differ in being larger, slightly less depressed, a smaller mouth and a little, higher spire. The nucleus is stained brown. I have specimens from Panama (Bucaru) and from Salinas, Ecuador.
Turbo magniUcus Jonas. Bayover, Negritos, Lobitos.
Turho {Callopoma) saxosits Wood. Salinas.
Astraea ( Uvanilla) buschii Philippi. Zorritos, Salinas.
Tegula melaleuca Jonas. Lobitos.
Tegula panamensis Philippi. Lobitos.
Tegula smithii Tapparone-Canefri. Lobitos.
*Tegida viridula Gmelin. Mancora.
CaUiostoma fonkii Philippi. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
FusureUa crassa Lamarck. Negritos.
FUsurella (Oremides) asperella Sowerby. Negritos, Lobitos.
Fissurella (Cremides) virescens Sowerby. Salinas.
Fissuridea alta C. B. Adams. Negritos.
Fissuridea inaequalis Sowerby. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos.
Nucida exigua Sowerby. Common at Salinas.
Leda elenenm Sowerby. Common at Salinas.
*Leda {Adrana) crenifera Sowerby ? Mancora, Boca de Pan, Salinas.
Area padjlca Sowerby. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Area lithodomns Sow^erby. 1 small, right valve was sorted out of shell-drift collected at Salinas.
Area (Noetia) reversa Sowerby. Mancora, quite common at Zorritos, Salinas.
^Arca (Noetia) oksoni Sheldon and Maury. Negritos, Sal- inas. The Peruvian specimens are somewhat larger than the Panama examples.
*Arca (Barbatia) lurida Sowerby. A single left valve was collected at each of the following localities: Zorritos, Salinas. The type specimen was collected l)y Cuming from Santa Elena, j)robal)ly in tlie vicinity of Salinas.
Area (Bnrbatia) rccvcana Orbigny. Quite typical examples. Lobitos, Zorritos, Salinas.
THE NAUTILUS. 127
*Arca (Barbatia) reeveana var. lasperlemis Sheldon and Maury. ."Several Bpecimens, Zorritos, Salinas.
Area (Barhatia) gradata Broderip and Sowerby. Negritos, Lobitos, Salinas.
^Arca (Barbatia) iilota Sowerby. Lobitos, Salinas.
Area {Barbatia) solida Sowerby. Negritos, Lobitos, Salinas.
*i4rca (Scapharca) einarglnata Sowerby. Paita, Negritos, Zorritos.
Area (Scapharca) aineuloide^ Reeve. Salinas.
Area (Seapharca) tuberculosa Sowerby. Very common along the entire coast and much used for food.
*Area (Seapharea) obesa Sowerby. Negritos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Area (Seapharea) formosa Sowerby. Not common, Salinas, Zorritos.
Area {Scapharca) grandis Broderip and Sowerby. Very com- mon as a Pleistocene fossil in the Peruvian tablazos. Zorritos.
*Area (Seapharea) nux Sowerby. Common, Negritos, Lo- bitos, Zorritos, Salinas.
*Area (Scapharca) aequatorialis Orbigny. Zorritos.
Area {Scapharca) labiata Sowerby. Colonche, rare on Indian mounds in Que. Seca.
Glycymeris chemnitzii Dall. Salinas.
Glyeymeris inaequalis Sowerby. Bayover, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
* Glyeymeris maculata Broderip. Zorritos.
Pinna sp. Fragments of a large species from Bayover.
Pteria peruviana Reeve. The shells of the Peruvian Pearl Oyster are at times found in considerable abundance on the beach at Negritos. They were also common at Boca de Pan. Shells were also collected at Paita and Salinas.
Ostrea eolumbienvns Hanley. Jorritos.
Ostrea megodan Hanley. Paita, Negritos, Lobitos. This is a very common Pleistocene fossil in the Peruvian tablazos.
Pecten dentatus Sowerby. Lobitos, Salinas.
Peeten purpuraius Lamarck. Bayover, a common Pleisto- cene fossil.
*Pecten snbnodosus Sowerby. Negritos, Mancora, Salinas.
Peeten tumbezentis Orbigny. Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Jor- xitos, Salinas.
128 THE NAUTILUS.
Pecten ventricosus Sowerb'y. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zor- ritos, Salinas.
^Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck. Negritos, frequently dug up from Indian graves.
Lima pacifica Orbigny. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
Anoniia adamas Gray. Common, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
Anoniia peruviana Orbigny. Somewhat less common than the last, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos. The Placunanomia aimingii Broderip occurs rarely as a Pleistocene fossil in the Peruvian tablazos, so that it is probably living along the present coast.
*Feriplomaplaniuscula Sow erhy. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
Cyathdonta undulata Conrad. Typical right valve was col- lected at Salinas.
*Oyathodonta sp. Several broken specimens of another spe- cies were collected at Boca de Pan. In this species the concen- tric undulations become obsolete ventrally. The submicro- scopic radial pustules seen on the surface of undidaia are lacking.
Crassatelliies gibbosus Sowerby. Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
^Carditamera radiata Sowerby. Negritos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
*Venericardia cuvieri Broderip. A right and a left valve belonging to 2 individuals were collected on the beach near Zorritos. The larger, a right valve measures, height 62 mm, , length 66 mm.
*Chama corrugata Broderip. Negritos.
Phacoides fenestratus Hinds. Salinas.
^Codakia galapagana Dall. Boca de Pan, Zorritos, Salinas.
^Divaricella cimrnea Reeve. Mancora, Salinas.
Cardium senticosum Sowerby. Fairly common, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
Cardium procerum Sowerby. Common, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
^Cardium graniferum Broderip and Sowerby. Zorritos, Sal- inas.
Cardium obovale Sowerby. Salinas.
Cardium magnificum Deshayes. Mancora, Zorritos, Salinae.
THE NAUTILUS. 129
*Cardium aspersum Sowerby. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Cardiuvi eUnense Sowerby. Salinas.
Dosinia dunkeri Philippi. Zorritos.
Tivela planulata Broderip and Sowerby. This is one of the most common shells on the beach at Lol>itos and Negritos. It becomes very rare further north.
Macrocallista mirantiaca Sowerby. Salinas.
Macrocallida pnnnosa Sowerby. Boca de Pan.
MacrocallUta squalida Sowerby. Salinas, Mancora.
Pitaria drcinata Born. Mancora, Salinas.
Pitaria concinna Sowerby. Rather common, Negritos, Lobi- tos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Pitaria lupanaria Lesson. Quite common, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
*Antigona multicostata Sowerby. Punta Verde, Salinas.
Chione compta Broderip. Quite common at Bayover, a com- mon Pleistocene fossil.
Chione gnidia Broderip and Sowerby. Salinas.
* Chione amathusia Philippi. Mancora, Zorritos, Salinas.
Chione (Timoclea) asperrima Sowerby. Colonche, Salinas.
Chione ( Timoclea) columhiensis Sowerby. Rather common, Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora, Zorritos.
Anonialocardia subrugosa Sowerby. Bayover.
Venerupsis oblonga Lamarck. Common, Paita, Negritos, Lob- itos.
Tellina crystallina Wood. Salinas, fine large specimens.
Tellina rubescens Hamley. Salinas.
*Macoma aurora Hamley. Boca de Pan, Salinas.
Metis exvavata Sowerby. Mancora, Salinas.
Seniele corrugata Sowerby. Bayover, Negritos, Lobitos, Man- cora.
^Semele lenticidaris Sowerby. Mancora, Salinas.
*SeTHele proxima C. B. Adams. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos.
Cumingia lamellosa Sowerby. Lobitos.
Cumingia mutica Sowerby. Boca de Pan.
Sanguinolaria hanleyi Bertin. Lobitos, Mancora, Salinas.
Tagelus domJjeyi Lamarck. Bayover, Paita, Negritos.
*Tagelitsf This may he the Solecurtua violaceus SovfeThy. It
130 THE NAUTILUS.
is occasionally fairly abundant on certain parts of the beach at Negritos.
^Donax gracillis Hanley. Negritos, Lobitos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Donax punctatostriatus Hanley. Very common on all sandy beaches. Paita, Negritos, Zorritos, Salinas.
Iphigenia altior Sowerby. Salinas, Colonche.
Mactra (Madrotoma) velaia Philippi. Rather common, Paita, Bayover, Negritos, Lobitos, etc., Salinas.
^Mactra (Mactrotoma) augusta Deshayes. Rare, Zorritos, Sal- inas.
Mactra (Mactrotoma) califomica Conrad. Fairly common at Salinas.
Mactra (^Mactrdla) clisea Dall. 1 specimen from Salinas,
* Mactra (Mactrella) exoleta Gray. Boca de Pan, Playas.
"^Mactra (Mactrella) elegans Sowerby. Rare, Zorritos, Playas, Salinas.
Mulinia pallida Broderip and Sowerby. Common, Paita, Negritos, Lobitos, etc., Salinas.
*Labiosa (Raeta) undxdata Gould. Occasional on the beach but generally broken. Negritos, Lobitos, Mancora.
*Cryptomya califomica Conrad. Paita, Negritos (fairly com- mon), Lobitos, Salinas.
Pholas chiloensis Molina. Paita, Negritos, Lobitos.
Barnca pacifica Stearns. Paita, Lobitos.
A NEW ZONITID SNAIL FEOM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
BY S. 3TILLMAN BERRY, REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA
Several years ago Mr. George \\'illett sent nie a single speci- men of a small land snail of the group now known as Polita, which did not appear referable to any of the western species hitherto named. Since then enough additional material has come to hand from collections by Mr. Willett and by Mr. and Mrs. Emery P. Chacc so that it seems fairly safe to describe it.
Polita gabrielina new species. Fig. 3.
Description: Shell small, thin, whitish horn color, trans- lucent. Whorls 4h to 5, regularly enlarging, smooth, except
THE NAUTILUS.
131
for the very weak and indistinct incremental lines; surface highly polished, with a waxy luster. Suture distinct, slightly impressed; spire scarcely elevated; base convex, umbilicate, the umbilicus narrow, being contained in the adult shell diameter
Fig. 3. Polita gabrielina, new species.
about 8^ to 9^ times, but deep and permeable; periphery smoothly rounded. Aperture oval, oblique, very slightly de- scending, the lip sharp and only a little reflected at the umbili- cus.
Measukements.
|
Above Camp Baldy |
Camp Estelle |
|||
|
Type |
Paratype |
Paratype |
||
|
Greater diameter .... Lesser diameter Altitude Diameter umbilicus . . . |
mm. 4.8 4.4 2.5 0.5 |
mm. 4.3 4.0 2.2 0.5 |
mm. 3.6 3.2 2.0 0.36 |
mm. 3.2 2.9 1.7 0.43 |
|
Number of whorls . . |
5 |
4i |
4J |
4 |
Type: Cat. No. 5033 Berry Collection; paratype in collection of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Type locality; Alt. 5,100-5,200 ft, near Camp Estelle, Upper San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Cali- fornia; E. P. and E. M. Chace, June 2, 1920; 3 specimens.
Additional localities: Specimens of the same species are be- fore me from other localities as follows:
Alt. 5,500 ft., Icehouse Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., California (from a wood rat's nest); George Willett, Oct. 3, 1918; 1 dead shell.
132 THE NAUTILUS.
Above Camp Baldy, San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., California; E. P. and E. M. Chace, 1919; 1 dead shell.
Bear Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., California; E. P. and E. M. Chace, June, 1920; 1 specimen.
Alt. 3,209 ft., Glenn Ranch, North Fork of Lytle Creek, San Gabriel Mts., California; E. P. Chace, Dec. 27, 1920; two liv- ing specimens.
Remarks: The western Politas are so little understood, and even those already named so incompletely worked out in the literature, that it becomes a matter of no small difficulty to allocate new material satisfactorily. Before venturing to apply a new name to the present specimens therefore, I have been at no small pains to compare them directly with either specimens or available published descriptions of all the other western species of the genus known to me. In the case of such conspic- uously diverse species as indentata (Say), binneyana (Morse), diegoensis (Hemphill), shepardi (Hemphill), and chersinella (Dall), — this last perhaps only doubtfully a PoUta, — no special keenness of discrimination seems required, but the remaining apecies have given a little more trouble. I would not have been surprised to find the Sierran irhitneyi (Newcomb) fairly near, but this is said to be " smoky horn color" and to have a wide "perspective umbilicus" similar to that of Gonyodiscus striatellus. From the little P. johmoni (Dall) of the Puget Sound region, our specimens differ both in their immensely larger size and their perforate umbilicus. Subrupicola (Dall) and the similar spelaea (Dall) are also possible near relations, but throughout are compared by their author to indentata, to which they are said to be "precisely similar " in umbilical characters, a statement which could hardly be made of the present species.
The station of P. gabrielina is peculiar, as the species has thus far been discovered only among loosely ]>iled debris in quite dry situations; altogether different from those sought by most other Southern California mountain snails, and no other mollusks have yet been noted in association with it. For a Polita it is a very pretty species, its pale hue and waxen ])olish adding much to its attractiveness.
THE NAUTILUS. 133
A NEW ALASKAN PUNCTURELLA
BY WM. H. DALL
PuNCTURELLA EYERDAMi, new species.
Shell small, conic, elevated, whitish, the apex recurved with the foramen somewhat in front of it; apart from the apical curve the anterior and posterior slopes are about equal, the anterior slightly convex, the posterior straight; from the apex radiate faintly elevated lines to the basal margin which they do not crenulate; between these are numerous radiating rows of minute punctures, which in combination with the moderately conspicuous incremental rugosities give the surface a sagrinate appearance under the lens. The basal outline is evenly oval, the interior polished white, the septum reaching about one third of the way toward the base, without props. Length, 8; height, 5.5; diameter, 6 mm. U. S. Nat. Mus., Cat. No. 360136.
Drier Bay, of! Knight Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska. Walter Eyerdam.
No other punctate species is known from the coast, and this one cannot be mistaken for any other West American form if closely examined.
ON TEIODOPSIS HARFOSDIANA W. G. B.
BY H. A. PILSBRY
'■'■ Triodcypm harfordiana J. G. Cooper" was described and figured by W. G. Binney in Terrestrial Mollusks vol. v, 1878, p. 309, fig. 203. He thought that the species was the same de- scribed by J. G. Cooper in 1870 as Dxdalochila harfordiana, to which he incorrectly refers as ^^ Helix harfordiana J. G. Cooper."
In Man. Amer. Land Shells, 1885, p. 114, Binney sub- stituted new figures, drawn from Cooper's type specimen, but reprinted his own former description. Here he called the species Polygyra harfordiana J. G. Cooper, and repeated the €arlier erroneous reference to Cooper's description. On page 119 he reprinted his 1878 figures of ^'Triodopais harfordiana'^
134 THE NAUTILUS.
as one of the (nameless) forms of Mesodon devius. This amounted to refering his description to one species, his figures of the same specimen to another. In 1886, Bull, M. C. Z. XIII, No. 2, p. 37, Binney reclaimed Triodopsis harfordiana as a dis- tinct species, giving new description and figures.
Recognizing the distinctness of the two shells named harfordi- ana by Cooper and by Binney, Try on in September, 1887 (Man. of Conch. Ill, p. 146), proposed the new name Heliz salmonensis for Triodopsis harfordiana W. G. Binney.
Still later, C. F. Ancey proposed the new name Helix commu- tanda for Binney' s T. harfordiana (Conchol. Exch. II, Decem- ber, 1887, p. 79;.
The synonymy of these species will therefore stand thus:
POLYGYRELLA (PoLYGYROIDEA) HARFORDIANA (J. G. Cooper).
Dcedalochila harfordiana J. G. Cooper, Amer. Journ. Conch. V, p. 196, pi. 17, fig. 8.
Helix harfordiana J. G. C, Tryon, Man. Conch. Ill, 1887. p. 130, pi. 27, figs. 55-57.
Pohjgyra harfordiana J. G. C. , W. G. Binney, Man. Amer. Land Shells, 1885, p. 114, fig. 81, not the description.
Helix (Polyyyrella) harfordiana Cooper, Pilsbry, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1890. p. 200, pi. 5, figs. 12, 13, 14. Also reprinted in Nautilus V, 1891, p. 40.
Polygyrella harfordiana (J. G. Cooper), Pilsbry, Man. Conch. IX, p. 80
Big Trees, Fresno Co., California, at 6500 feet elevation, W. G. W. Harford.
The unique type of this snail has been figured by the writer. It has been referred to Polygyrella, but while it agrees with that genus in texture, general form and unexpanded lip, it differs by lacking internal teeth, and by having a tridentate aperture. The new subgenus Polygyroidea is here proposed for it.
This is one of the rarest Californian land shells. It does not appear to have been collected since the original find.
Polygyra (Triodopsis) salmonensis (Tryon)
Triodopsis harfordiana J. G. Cooper, W. G. Binney, Terr.
Moll. V, 1778, p. 309, fig. 203 (not Dcedalochila harfordiana J. G. Cooper).
Polygyra harfordiana J. G. Cooper, W. G. Binney, Man,
THE NAUTILUS. 135
Amer. Land Shells, 1885, p. 114, description only; not the fig-
Me^^odon dtrlus var. W. G. B., oj). cit. , ]). 119, fig. 88.
Triodojh^is harfordinna W. (J. Binnev, Bull. M. C. Z. XIII, i)t. 2, p. 37, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7.
Helix salmoncnsis Tryon, Man. of Conch. Ill, p. 147 (Sept. 2, 1887).
Helix commutnnda Anccv. Conchologists' Exchange, II, p. 79 (December, 1887).
Salmon River Mountains, Idaho, collected by Henry Hemp- hill.
Binney's figured holotype is no. 11116 A. N. S. P. This specimen becomes also type of salmonensis and comvmtanda.
Tryon also proposed the new name Helix binominata for Trio- dopsis hcmphilli W. G. Binney; but as the latter was not a homonym, as he supposed, that change was superfluous.
INTEBESTING FACTS IN THE HISTORY OF UNIO 0RBICULATU8 HILDRETH AND U. ABRUPTUS SAY
BY L. S. FRIERSON
Under the name of Unio orbiculatus Hildreth Dr. R. E. Call minutely described the Unio abruptus Say in the Mollusca of Indiana (1900), and figured the latter on plate 50 of the same work. Dr. Call observed (Ibid., p. 493), that Hildreth and the "earlier naturalists" seemed to have considered his species as closely akin to the short and thick variety of the Unio liga- mentinus Lamarck found in the Ohio.
Notwithstanding that perhaps almost every student of the North American naiades would agree with the above, there are involved in it no less than three separate errors. Firstly, Hil- dreth knew nothing of the Unio crassus Say, but only knew the quite different conception of " era5«i.s " had by Mr. Barnes! Secondly, the "earlier naturalists" did not consider Hildreth's species as being at all closely related to either the crassus of Say nor to that of Barnes!
With one accord, Say, Conrad, Ferussac (and other lesser lights), placed Hildreth's species in the synonymy of the Unio subrotunda Rafinesque. Dr. Lea, who was ever on the alert to
136 THE NAUTILUS.
eave his own names, rescued his name of Unio circulus by plac- ing Hildreth's orbiculatiis in the synonymy of the closely allied Unio torms Rafinesque, in his first list of American Unio (1829).
But Say died in 1834, and two years later Dr. Lea issued his first Synopsis of the Naiades (1836), and in this work he changed his placement of Hildreth's species, giving it as the antecedent of Unio abruptus Say.
Because of the absence of Say, and the practical inaccessibil- ity of Hildreth's description, the last, but by no means the best, guess of Lea has been accepted ever since.
In the work cited of Call (p. 493) the description given by Hildreth was said to be "repeated", but by some miscue, perhaps the most important portions of the original were omit- ted in the reprint !
The writer will not undertake to copy Hildreth's description, since the greater part of it applies as well to any Unio, but will merely cite a few of the original criteria, showing how impos- sible its identification aa being the Unio abruptus Say is. Since Hildreth (in common with Barnes and others) mistook the "anterior for the posterior", such portions of his observations as embrace this conception will be changed to suit modern usage.
"Shell nearly round; inflated; length 2.5, altitude 2.5, diameter 1.75." The critical student will note that the above corresponds exactly with some specimens of the ( " U. torsus " ) , modern Obovaria retusn Lamarck, but absolutely not with any Unio abruptus Say thus far recorded !
"Posterior lunule broad heart shaped". Plere again we have a feature often to be seen in the retusa, but a " broad heart shaped" posterior view of the abruptus has yet to be seen. It might be well to note also, that the above observation carries with it the implicit statement, that the beaks of the species are ^^ incurved ^^ — a feature often seen in rdusa but scarcely in the other.
"Beaks somewhat ])roniinent; projecting forward". It is scarcely worth while calling the attention of the reader to the direction in which the above observation leans.
"Cardinal teeth elevated, angulated, deeply sulcated". As
THE NAUTILUS. 137
to the cardinal teeth of ^^ ahruptus^\ Call himself (ibid, page 492) writes that they are "nearly smooth", in which he is correct. Those of the ^'retma'\ the reader may prove by inspection of several, are in fact, remarkably " sulcated ".
"Nacre flesh color, and very iridescent with purple and violet". Such coloring in the abruptiis has never been seen by the writer, but applies very well to some specimens of the retusa. The nacre of the latter is generally said to be "deep purple ", but it is sometimes white, and sometimes with a blush of pink; especially when young.
An attentive reading of Hildreth's description will show that his shell was correctly placed by the earlier naturalists — for it must be remembered that the several species called siibrotiinda, torsiis etc., might have been lumped together by them. Say at any rate never mentioned the torsus or retusa in any of his writ- ings.
Whether Hildreth's species be the subrotunda or the retii-^n is merely of academic interest; the facts which interest us being that it is absolutely not Say's species, Unio abriiptus ; and the latter name, after resting in the synonymy for almost a hundred years, must be used as the valid name of what has been incor- rectly called Vnio orbiculatus Hildreth.
Gayle, Louisiana.
F0TE3 ON THE ANATOMY AND TAXONOMY OF CERTAIN LAMP8ILINAE FROM THE GULF DRAINAGE
BY A. E. ORTMANN, PH. D.
{Continued from page 105) 8. MicRo.MYA vanuxemensis umbrans (Lea) (1857). See: Lampsilis propria and uinbrans=vanuxemeims, Simpson, 1914, p. 105 and 103.
E. vanuxemetisis, of the Cumberland-Tennessee-system, has also been reported from the upper Coosa drainage. The follow- ing accepted synonyms are from this region.
U. umbrans (=umbroms), Lea, 1857. A typical female in shape, with dark brown epidermis and dark purple nacre. — Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Ga.
138 THE NAUTILUS.
U. tenebricus Lea, 1857. The figure represents a male, with dark brown epidermis and purple or salmon nacre. — Etowah River, Ga.
U. fabaceus Lea, 1861, A male, not full grown. Epidermis dark brown, nacre purplish and salmon near the margin. — Oostanaula River, Ga.
Another, very closely allied form, has been reported from this region: U. proprius Lea (1865). Simpson (p. 104) sus- pects that it may be only a smaller and paler form of vanuxe- mensis. It originally comes from Lafayette, Walker Co., Ga. (headwaters of Chattooga River). But, remarkably enough, Simpson gives it also from Clinch River, Va. Now, in the upper Tennessee region, occasional specimens of vanuxemensi» turn up which are lighter in color of the epidermis and nacre, and, if they are also small, they would very well agree with proprius. But in this region, they form only an individual var- iation, and a very rare one.
In the Coosa drainage, specimens with lighter color of epider- mis and nacre prevail, as is shown by the rich material from this region before me. But they are by no means smaller than the normal vanuxemensis. There are specimens fully as large as the general run of vanuxemensis in the upper Tennessee, al- though, exactly as in the latter, they seem to remain uniformly smaller in certain creeks. On the other hand, with regard to the color of the epidermis and nacre, there are, in the Coosa drainage, specimens fully as dark as the normal vanuxemensis, but such specimens are rare, and, if found, are mostly associ- ated with lighter ones. From many places, only the light form is at hand. As a rule, old and worn specimens are the ones which incline toward the darker tints. Thus we have the following conditions: in the Tennessee-drainage, there is a dark form, the typical vanuxemensis, which rarely shows an inclina- tion to become lighter; in the Coosa drainage, there is a light form, which sometinies shows an inclination to become darker. The light shells from the Tennessee cannot be distinguished from the normal Coosa-form; and the dark shells of the latter cannot be told apart from the normal Tennessee-form. These are exactly the conditions which are required for the separation of these forms aa varieties of one species.
THE NAUTILUS. 139
The normal form of the Coosa havS been called U. i>rcrprhis Lea (1865). Hi)wever, also uinhnuis, tenchricus, sindfabaceus belong to tiiis stock, the oldest name being uinbraiis Lea (1857) (has only page precedence over tenehricus). L'^nfortunately, this name, founded upon two females only, stands for the dark phase of the Coosa-form, and the same is true also for tenebricus and fabnceus. But they cannot be separated upon this ground from the lighter form (proprius); they are simply individual variations of it.
I have two males from Othcalooga Creek, which are topotypes of umbraTis, and they have the epidermis olive-brown near the beaks, but lighter (light brown) upon the sides. In the larger, the nacre has that beautiful, characteristic salmon tint of the Coosa-form; the smaller is pale salmon inside, whit- ish on the margin. Already Lea says, that there is a "dis- position to yellowness" on the sides. Thus I have no doubt that he had only two unusually dark specimens before him.
The name of the Coosa-form should be: Micromya vanuxemen- sis umbrmis (Lea) (1857), with the synonyms: U. tenebricus Lea (1857); U. falaceus (1861); U. proprius Lea (1865).
I have investigated the anatomy of the following material.
Conasauga River, Conasauga, Polk Co., Tenn. — 1 barren, 2 gravid females (with glochidia), A. E. Ortmann coll.. May 24, 1915,
Shoal Creek, St. Clair Co., Ala. — 1 male, 2 gravid females (with glochidia), H. H. Smith coll., Oct., 1914.
Morgan Creek, Shelby Co., Ala. — 5 males, 2 barren females, H. H. Smith coll, July 3, 1914.
The structure of the soft parts is absolutely identical with that of the typical vanuxemensis (see: Ann. Cam. Mus. 8, 1912, p. 342; Naut. 1915, p. 65; 34, 1921, p. 91). Also here the glochidia vary a little in size: L. 0.21 to 0.23, H. 0.27 to 0.30 mm.
Attention should again be directed to the geographical distri- bution. This species is found, first, in the Cumberland-Ten- nessee drainages; then there is an Alabama-form closely allied to it, so that it can be separated only as a variety, indicating that it must have reached the Coosa-drainage by crossing over
140 THE NAUTILUS.
from the Tennessee. The complete absence of this type of shell from the Mississippi valley, the coastal plain, and the lower parts of the Alabama-system, renders the idea impossible that it might have come from those parts, migrating from West to East.
9. MiCROMYA LIENOSA C0NCE3TAT0R (Lea) (1857).
See: Simpson, 1914, p. 100 and 102.
Simpson admits the close affnity of concestator to lienosa, and says that lienosa differs in being larger and solider, in being darker and not quite so shining. It is said to be found from the Mississippi and lower Ohio drainage to southwestern Georgia, with the type-locality in southern Alabama, while concestator is said to be distributed from North Carolina to Louisiana, and possibly Texas. M. lienosa. thus would be more western and northern, M. concestator more southern and eastern, the two forms overlapping in the Gulf drainage.
Examining my material, which comes from nearly the whole range of these two forms (Ga., Ala., Miss., La., Ark., Ky., and Ind. ) I am able to verify these differences at least to a certain degree, but surely size and solidity do not hold good. Speci- mens from the West, indeed, generally are rather black in color, but I observe the same color in specimens from the Chocta- whatchee drainage in southeastern Alabama and from the Chattahoochee in Georgia. Individuals with more brownish epidermis, and then often with more distinct rays, it is true, are more abundant towards the East, but in Alabama they are often associated with and grade into more blackish forms, so that no sharp line can be drawn.
These conditions make it impossible to distinguish the two forms as species. The best we can do is to separate them as var- ieties, and to call the more eastern, brownish form: Micromya lienosa concestator. But we must remember that there will be cases where it is hard to decide to which form a particular specimen may belong.
Among a number of specimens received from the Alabama Museum and labeled by Walker, it is very evident that this difficulty was encountered. Of specimens labeled concestator, I have soft parts from the following localities.
THE NAUTILUS. 141
Choctawhatchee River, Blue Springs, Barbour Co., Ala. — 2 males, H. H. Smith coll., May 11, 1915.
East Choctawhatchee River, Dale Co., Ala. — 1 male, 1 gravid female (glochidia), J. A. Burke coll., Nov., 1915.
The anatomical structure of these is identical with that of M. lienoia as described previously (Ann. Carnegie Mus. 8, 1912, p. 340. and Naut. 30, 1916, p. 55). Also the glochidia are of the same shape and size (see: ibid. 1912, pi. 20, f. 5).
10. Lampsilis claibornensis obtusa (Lea) (1840). (Syn- onym of L. claibornensis^ according to Simpson, 1914, p. 70).
From the Choctawhatchee drainage I have 5 shells labeled Lampsilis ohticsa by Walker. They fully agree with Lea's description of this form, and H. H. Smith remarks: ''Simpson makes this a synonym of claibornensis: I should call it a good subspecies anyway".
These specimens differ from claibornensis in having a more delicate shell and the color of the posterior slope, which is dark brown (or dark greenish in young shells), contrasting with the yellowish of the rest, and produced by the confluence of the in- distinct rays. This form might be, indeed, a local race of clai- bornensis, belonging to the Choctawhatchee and Chattahoochee Rivers, or even a species taking its place in these parts; the final decision depends, however, on the investigation of more material.
The affinity of this form to claibornensis is clearly shown in its anatomy, I have received the following soft parts.
Choctawhatchee River, Blue Springs, Barbour Co., Ala. —
1 gravid female (with glochidia) (without the shell), H. H. Smith coll., May 11, 1915.
Pea River, 4 miles N. of Elamville, Barbour Co., Ala. —
2 young males (shells and soft parts) J. A. Burke coll., Nov., 1915.
The gravid female has the anatomy agreeing with that of L. claibornensis (and that of L. sHiquoidea, for that matter) (see: Ann. Carn. Mus. 8, 1912, pp. 348, 349). The "large dark papillae below the branchial opening ", described by Lea (1863, p. 406) for obtusus, undoubtedly refers to the "(lap", the pro- jecting anterior portion of the inner edge of the mantle in front
142 THE NAUTILUS.
of the branchial. The glochidia have also been described and figured by Lea (1858, p. 46, pi. 5, f. 1), and their meas- urements given as: L. 0.192, H. 0,256. I found them to agree with those of daibornensis: L. 0.21, H. 0.27 mm.
11. Lampsilis EXCAVATA (Lea) (1857). See: Simpson, 1914, p. 41.
When I described the anatomy of this species (Ann. Cam. Mus. 8, 1912, p. 352), I did not have any females. The glochidia were known then from the description and figure given by Lea (1874, pi. 21, f. 6). I have now the following soft parts.
Forks of the Black Warrior River, Walker Co., Ala. — 1 gravid female, H. H. Smith coll., Oct. 15, 1912.
This female shows the mantle flap developed exactly as in L. ovata (Say) (and related forms); posteriorly, it is lamel- lar with almost smooth edge (only with traces of crenulations); anteriorl}'', it projects in the shape of a lacerated lobe. On the inside, there is a black-brown streak.
The glochidia are subovate, of the same shape as in L. oi'ata, L. 0.20 to 0.21, H. 0.24 to 0.25 mm. This differs from the dimensions given by me previously for L. ovata and L. ovata ventricosa (as: L. 0.24 to 25, H. 0.28 to 0.29). These latter dimensions^ however^ are a mistake. Subsequent measure- ments of my old material have shown that the figures are the same as in L. excavata. Also the glochidia of L. ovata satura, L. 0.22, H. 0.25 (Naut. 30, 1916, p. 56) agree with these. Already Surber (Bur. Fisher, doc. no. 771, 1912, p. 9) has correctly given the dimensions of the glochidia of L. ovata ven- tricosa as: 0.205 X 0.255, and of L. satura (ibid. no. 813, 1915, p. 6) as: 0.205 x 0.245 mm.
12. Lampsilis clarkiana (Lea) (1852).
Synonyms: Unio clarkiamts IjCh (1852); U. spilmani Lea (1861); U. gerhardti Lea (1862). (Sinijisoii, 1914, pp. 53, 54, makes the first two synonyns, while he has the third as a separate species) .
The type-load ity of U. clarkiamis is said to be Willianisport, Maury Co., Tenn. (on Duck River), but there is no doubt that
THE NAUTILUS. 143
this is a mistake. Lea gives also: (;et)rj];ia or Alabama, ami Simpson specifies : Cahaba and Black Warrior Rivers, Ala.
U. gpiUmani is from " Luxpalila Creek" (=Lookapallila or Floating Turtle Creek), near Columbus, Lowndes Co., Miss. (Tombigbee drainage), and U. gerhardti is given from " Chatta- nooga, Ga. ", which probably means Chattooga River, Ga. (trib. to Coosa). In addition, Simpson gives for this: Shorter, Macon Co., Ala. (Tallapoosa drainage). Thus these forms seem to be widely distributed over the Tombigbee-Alabama system.
All these forms resemble each other in general shape, and differ only in color of epidermis and nacre. Simpson has already united the first two; but I have no doubt that also gerhardti is the same shell. This differs only by the generally lighter, yellowish, color of the epidermis, with poorly developed rays, while the others are yellowish, brownish or blackish, with or without rays. A specimen collected by myself in Chattooga River is to be regarded as a topotyye of gerhardti^ and closely re- sembles this form. But I cannot sharply distinguish it from others before me, which resemble the darker clarkianus-iy^e^ because there are all transitions.
This species is analogous to L. ovata veniricosa (Barnes) of the interior basin. The color of the epidermis varies a good deal, from yellowish (chiefly in younger shells) to brownish, sometimes quite dark brown. Rays may be absent or present, narrower or wider. The nacre is whitish, often tinted salmon in the cavity. It is a rather compressed shell, and resembles, in shape, the male of L. ovata ventricosa, but is slightly more elongated. The greatest difference from the latter, however, is found in the postbasal expansion of the female, which, in clarkiana, is much less developed, and situated more anteriorly, so that the female shell is not subtruncated posteriorly, but produced into a point. The male and female shells are com- paratively little differentiated, so that it is hard to tell them apart; there is a gentle projection in the postbasal region of the female, but this does not reach, by any means, the proportions seen in ventricosa.
I have the following material:
144 THE NAUTILUS.
Conasauga River, Conasauga, Polk Co., Tenn. — 1 female, with soft parts, coll. by myself. May 24, 1915.
Chattooga River, Trion, Chattooga Co., Ga. — 1 gravid female (with eggs), coll. by myself. May 19, 1915.
Beaver Creek, St. Clair Co., Ala. — 1 specimen, probably male, H. H. Smith coll. (identified by Walker as darkiana).
Coosa River, Coosa Valley, St. Clair Co., Ala. — 1 spec, young, H. H. Smith coll. (identified by Walker as darkiana).
Choccolocco Creek, Jackson Shoals, Talladega Co., Ala. — 1 spec, young, H. H. Smith coll. (identified by Walker as darkiana).
Talladega, Talladega Co., Ala. — 1 spec, probably male, Hartman collection (originally labeled spillmani).
Sipsey River, Elrod, Tuscaloosa Co., Ala. — 2 spec, probably females, H. H. Smith coll. (labeled by Walker darkiana).
Buttahatchee River, Hamilton, Marion Co., Ala. — 7 spec, at least 2 females among them, H. H. Smith coll. (labeled by Walker darkiana).
It should be noted that all specimens from the Tombigbee drainage have more brownish epidermis (lighter or darker), while yellowish epidermis prevails in shells from the Coosa system, yet a few of the latter are also brownish.
Of the two females I collected with soft parts, the one taken on May 19 in Chattooga River has eggs, but not glochidia. This would indicate the beginning of the breeding season in the spring, and is entirely abnormal. But it is known that also in other cases the breeding season becomes irregular in the southern states.
The anatomy agrees with that of L. ovata ventricoaa, excavata, and related forms. The mantle flap is similar to that of these forms, with a free lobe anteriorly, not very distinct in my spec- imens, since it is contracted by the action of the alcohol, but several large teeth or lacerations are seen. The edge of the pos- terior part of the ilap is nearly smooth, with a few indistinct crenulations. Also the color on tlie inside is normal: brownish, with a black longitudinal streak, but, on account of the con- tracted condition, I cannot recognize that peculiar eye-Bpot. There is no question that this species belongs in the ovata- group of Lampsilis.
$2.00 per Year. ($2.10 to Foreign Countries, i 50 cts. a copy
THE
NAUTILUS.
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO THE INTEREST; OF CONCHOLOGISTS .
KDITORS AND PUBLISHERS: VTi-
h. A. PiLSBRY, Special Curator of the Department of Mollusc Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History.
Vol. XXXVII. JULY, 1923. No. 1
CONTENTS :
Rambles of a Midsbipraan. Ill, By /'. 5, Hemington, Jr. . 1
BourguigDat's American Species of Ancylus. By Bryant Walk-/, 7
Colorado Pisidia. By V. Sterki. 16
Note on Lymna'a liemphilliana (Baker). By G. Dallas Ilanna. . 23 Pleistocene Freshwater Mollusks from North Central Texas. By G. Dallat
Hannii. ............ 25
' Ml the identity of Saxidomus hrevisiphonatus Cari)entcr. By ,/. A'. Le li
Tomlin. 26
Some Slugs from Mexico, By T. IJ. A. Cockt^rell 27
On the Freshwater Shells of Monroe. Connecticut. By Arlhur /'. Jacot , 28 A New Deep Water Lyonsiella. By M'. //. Dall. . . . . .31
The Status of Teredo beachi and Tereilo navalis. By I'aul Bartsc/i. . 31 Bermuda Shells. By A\ O. Vaunttit. ..... .32
Notes .........••• 33
C. W. JOHNS<:)N. Business Manager,
Boston Society ot Natural History,
234 Berkeley Street,
Boston, Mass.
Katered as S«coud-na«« matter aiihf l'.o««on Po«M>tt.c*.
11 THE NAUTILUS.
A New Work on the Cerionidae
By CHARLES J. MAYNARD
This book is the result of fifty years' study in field and laboratory, with 200,000 Cerions in hand. Many new species are described and valuable facts given. Nos. 1 to 9 now issued, 150 pagres, 37 hand-colored plates. Catalogue of Cerions for sale now ready, over 100 species. For Circulars, address the author
457 Crafts St., "West Ne-wton, Mass.
SHELLS
Wanted t Fine Ainerican Land and Fresh Water Shells.
Send list of what you have to exchange, or will collect. Offered : Fine Philippine Land Shells.
WALTER r. WEBB.
202 "Westminster Road, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Otia Conchologica
By A. A. GOULD
Shells of the "Wilkes, U. S. Explor. Exped. ; Slullsof the N. Pacific Explor. Exped., and descriptions of shells reprinted from various publications with rectifications, 1839-'6l'. 256 pages, containing descriptions of 18 new genera and about 1290 new species. A library in itself. A few copies of this rare publication are available at the unusually low rateoff2.o0.
Address, SECRETARY, Boston Society of Natural History
234 Berkeley St., Boston, Mats.
Secondhand Books on Art, History, Science, Geology, Botany, Conchology, Entomology, Zoology, &c.
Send for Tandy's New List. Address, M. TANDY, Dallas City, Illinois.
EXCHANGE NOTICES
For Exchange: Marine, ]>and and Frci?h-\vater shells of Cal- ifornia, for other shells not in my collection.
Wendell 0. Gregg, M. D., 304 N, Boyle Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.
Wanted: Either by exchange or jnirchnse, Mexican and Cen- tral American sliells. J. K. LeB. Tomlin,
23 Boscoht'l lioad, 8t. lx't)nard-on-Sea, England.
TIIK NAU'l II.IJS. 1)1
XTe^v Sh.ell Catalog-vie
We l>;ive I'dnjiliin! llio j.ri iiaialiuii ai:ii f.ubliLMlioii of the lourth eduiuu of <iur cumjileto cataluKUc of iVIolliit.ra, Tliih etlitiou coutaiiia uut* btiiKlred mid twenty-four paj:i'6 an*! two liiuidicd and twenty-tliree illUKtrntious. Due to tlie cousidenible exjK'iisi> of )>ublicnt)ou, we are unable li> send the cafJilogue out free of charge. The pi ice of the cata- louue bciuud with heavy j)aicr cover is 55<'. ; bemud in paper and inter- l«*.Hved with blank i>aL'cs, 7l'c. ; and interleaved and cloth bound, 90c. \Ve will credit the amount paid lor cataloj;tu> on firKt order for bhells aniountiuj; to five dollars.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment,
76-104 COLLEGE AVE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Florida and West Indian Shells
For Sale and Exchange
Send lists of duplieates and desiderata.
N. W. LERMOND P. O. Address: Gulfport, Fla., until May 1 After that date, Thomaston, Me.
FOR $5.00 BILL
Sent by regist. letter, I will send you in two boxes by resist, sample post postpaid, the following lot of only showy and fine species.
For species not desired you choose two of another one.
Xestina citrina/ne Moluccas.
"' neniorensis '' Khysota oweniana Philippines. Obba nioricandi "
" parniula "
.scrobiculata " Pyrochil. pyrostomusyiTie Moluccas. Phoenicobius uionochroa Philijips.
'' f. {lalavanica "
Acavus phoenix Ceylon. Anixa magistra Philipps. carbonari a "
Anixa siquijorica Philippines. Ilelicostyla collodes Philippines. Euhadra panoala P\)rniosa. Caracolus marginella Puerto Rico. Thelidomus lima "
Geotrochus gaberti N. Ireld. Amphidr. interru{)tus Moluccas.
'' palaceus "
Bulimus Moritzianus Venez. Achalina fulioa Madag. Cylophorus stigniferus Java.
" oculus-capri Java.
cebuensis '*
The very rare Najad shell Mueller ia lobata, Aviazonat, So. 00 postpaid EXCHANGE DESIRED
HERMANN ROLLE, Institute Kosmos
Berlin, W. 30, Speyererttr. 8. Gernnany
IV THE NAUTILUS.
THE MANUAL OF OONCHOLOGY
The volume now in progress contains a monograph of the Pupillidae, Pupoides, Pupilla, etc.
Issued quarterly in parts of which four form a volume. Plain Edition, per part, $3.00. Colored Edition. $5.00.
S. RAYKLOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, p. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE. NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.
SOWERBY & FULTON
(Proprietor, HUGH C. FULTON)
Ilie Largest and Finest Stock of Stiells m the World
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Land Shells of Trinidad, I'.iilisli Wo.-l Indii'.s. IMmso make otiej-s to tlie uiidersignt'd.
MR. W. E. BROADWAY
Royal Botanical Gardens, Port of Spain, Trinidad, B. W. I.
$2.00 per Year. ($2.{5toFoB5ign Countries. ) 50 cts. a copy
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OF CONCHOLOGISTS
EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS:
H. A. HiLSBRV, Special Curator of the Department of Mollusc*, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History.
Vol. XXXVn. OCTOBER, 1923. No. 2
CONTENTS :
Partial List of the Molluscan Fauna of Catalina Island. By A. M. Strong 37 F. C. Meuschen in the Zoophylacium Gronovianum. By William Ilealry
Ball 44
The Marine Shells of Sanibol, Florida. Bj William J. Clench ... 52 Notes on the Anatomy and Taxonomy of Certain Lampsilinae from the
Gulf Drainage. By -4. A'. Ortmann ....... 56
A Key to the Family Terebridae. By Paul liarlsch. . . . .60
Land Shells from Florida. By £, G. Vanatta ...... 65
Notes 69
Publications Received .71
C. W. JOHNSON, Business Manager,
Boston Society of Natural History,
234 Berkeley Street,
Boston, .Mass.
Botered »« -Heoond-ClaftfrnatVer althe Boaton Po«l-Offiee.
11 THE NAUTILUS.
A New Work on the Cerionidae
By CHARLES J. MAYNARD
This book is the result of fifty years' study in field and laboratory, with 200,000 Cerions in hand. Many new species are described and valuable facts given. Nos. 1 to 9 now issued, 150 pages, 37 hand-colored plates. Catalogue of Cerions for sale now ready, over 100 species. For Circulars, address the author
457 Crafts St., West Newton, Mass.
SHELLS
Wanted » Fine American Land and Fresh Water Shells.
Send list of what you have to exchange, or will collect. Offered » Fine Philippine Land Shells.
WALTER r. WEBB,
202 "Westminster Road. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Otia Conchologica
By A. A. GOULD
Shells of the "Wilkes, U. S. Explor. Exped. ; Shells of the N. Pacific Explor. Exped. , and descriptions of shells reprinted from various publications with rectifications, 1839-62. 256 pages, containing descriptions of 18 new genera and about 1290 new species. A library in itself. A few copies of this rare publication are available at the unusually low rate of :f2.50.
Address, SECRETARY, Boston Society of Natural Hittory
234 Berkeley St., Boston, Mats.
Secondhand Books on Art, History, Science, Geology, Botany, Conchology, Entomology, Zoology, &c.
Send for Tandy's Now List. Address, M. TANDY, Dallas City, Illinois.
EXCHANGE NOTICES
For Exchange: Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells of Cal- ifornia, for other shells not in my collection.
Wendell O. Gregg, M. D., 304 N. Boyle Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.
Wanted: Either by exchange or purchase, Mexican and Cen- tral American shells. J. K. LeB. Tomlin,
23 Boscobel Road, St. Leonard-on-Sea, England.
THE NAUTILUS. HI
ITe-w Shell CatalogMe
We have conJi>lfti'il ihu proiiariiliDii ;iml jmblicaliuu of the fourth edition of our complete catalogue of IkloUusca. This editiou contaiuB one hundred and twenty-four pages and two hundred and twenty-three illustrations. Due to the considerable expense of j>ublication, we are unable to send the catalogue out free of charge. The price of the cata- logue bound with heavy paper cover is 55c.; bound in paper and inter- leaved with blank pages, 70c.; and interleaved and cloth bound, 90c. Wo will credit the amount paid for catalogue on first order for shells amounting to five dollars.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment,
76-104 COLLEGE AVE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Florida and West Indian Shells
For Sale and Exchange
Send lists of duplicates and desiderata.
N. TV. LERMOND P. O. Address: Gulfport, Fla., until May 1 After that date, Thomaston, Me.
FOR $5.00 BILL
Sent by regist. letter, I will send you in two boxes by regist. sample post postpaid, the following lot of only showy and fine species. For species not desired you choose two of another one.
Xestina citrina^ne Moluccas. " nemorensis "
Rhysota oweniana Philippines. Obba ruoricandi "
" parmula "
" scrubiculata " Pyrochil. pyrostomusyine Moluccas. Phoenicobius monochroa Philipps.
" f. i)alavanica "
Acavus phoenix Ceylon. Anixa magistra Philipps.
" carbonaria "
" cebuensis "
Anixa siquijorica Philippines. Helicostyla collodes Philippines. Euhadra pancala Formosa. Caracolus marginella I'uerto Rico. Thelidomus lima "
Geotrochus gaberti N. Ireld. Araphidr. interruptus Moluccas.
*' palaceus "
Bulimus Moritzianus Venez. Achatina fulica Madag. Cylophorus stigniferus Java.
" oculus-capri Java.
The very rare Najad shell MtuUeria lobaia, Amazonat, J3.00 postpaid EXCHANGE DESIRED
HERMANN ROLLE, Institute Kosmos
Berlin, W. 30, Speyererstr. 8. Germany
IV THE NAUTILUS.
THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.
The volume now in progress contains a monograph of the Pupillidae, Pupoides, Pupilla, etc.
Issued quarterly in parts of which four form a volume. Plain Edition, per part, $3.00. Colored Edition. $6.00.
.''. ^>^\\ ;:.B. RAYMOND EGBERTS, Treasurer,
'••: /> ^, _ p. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE. NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.
SOWBRBT & FULTON
(Proprietor, HUGH C. FULTON)
The Largest and Finest Stock of Stiells in the World
Specimens Sent on Approval
SALE PURCHASE EXCHANGE
Collections and Specimens Named and Jirranged
27 Shaftesbury Road Ravenscourt Park, London W. 6. England
ALL TOUR LIFE
Beashells will interest you. Long after other collections are dropped.
Twenty Specimens for One Dollar
MISS GABLE, Atlantic Beach, Florida
Hare Shells Supplied
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KlJllOkS ANU PUBLISHERS:
H. A. ViusBRV, Special Curator of the Department of Molluica, Academy of Natural Sciences, Hhiladelphia.
C W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History.
Vol. XXXVn. JANUARY, 1924. No. 3
CONTENTS :
AmpuHarius and Rostrhamu3 at Georgetowa, British Guiana. By Her- bert Lang ............ "t^
The Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mollusca in the Southern Rocky Mountains.
By Junius Henderson . . . , . . . , . .77
Notes on the Donux of Calitbruia. By A. M. Strong. . .81
Amiihi<ironius virescena (Swainson). By Bryant Walker. . . .84
New I^an<l Operculates frotn the Dutch Leeward Islands. By //. Burring-
ton Bak'T 89
On the Naiades of Long Island. By N. M. Greer . . .95
A List of Mollusks from Intervale, New Hampshire. By Harold A. Rehder 96 Note on the Discovery of Orygoceras in the Idaho Tertiarics. By William
Healey Doll . '. 97
Notes on the Anatomy and Taxonomy of Certain Lampsilinae from the Gulf Drainage. By A. E. Ortmann ....... 99
Notes 106
Publications Received .107
C. W. JOHN.SON, Business Manager,
Boston Society of Natural History,
234 Berkeley Street,
Boston, Mass.
<totere<1 lui '4«oati>l-CI»«f matter at th« I'.oihad Po«M^)flnc«.
THE NAUTILUS.
A New Work on the Cerionidae
By CHARLES J. MAYNARD
This book is the result of fifty years' study in field and laboratory, with 200,000 Cerions in hand. Many new species are described and valuable tacts given. Nos. 1 to 9 now issued, 150 pages, 37 hand-colored plates. Catalogue of Cerions for sale now ready, over 100 species. For Circulars, address the author
457 Crafts St., West New^ton, Mass.
SHELLS
Wanted : Fine American Land and Fresh Water Shells.
Send list of what you have to exchange, or will collect. Offered i Fine Philippine Lund Shells.
WALTER r. WEBB,
202 Westminster Road. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Otia Conchologica
By A. A. GOULD
Shells of the Wilkes. V. S. Iv\])lor. Kxpcd. ; Shells of the X. Taoific Explor. Exped.. and descrijjtions of shells reprinted fioni various publications with rectifications, 18'19-'t>L*. 2o() pi\ges. containing descriptions of 18 new genera and about I'iitU new species. A library in itself. A few copies of tiiis rare publication are available at the unusually low rate of ;t2.5().
Address, SECRETARY, Boston Society of Natural Hiatory
234 Berkeley St., Boston, Mais.
Secondhand Books on Art, History, Science, Geology, Botany, Conchology, Entomology, Zoology, &c.
Send for Tandy's New List. Address, M. TANDY, Dallas City, Illinois.
EXCHANGE NOTICES
For Exchanoe: Marine, IaukI and Fresli-water shells of Cal- ifornia, for other shellH not in my <'ollection.
WiiNDKLL O. Gkkc;g, M. D., 304 N. Boyle Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.
Wanted: Either by exchange or purchase, Mexican and Cen- tral American shells. J. K. LkB. Tomi.in,
23 Boscobel Road, tSt. Leonard-on-Sea, England.
THK ^AUTll,L'l». ui
ITe-w Sliell Catalog-ae
We have completed the iireparatioii ami publicatiuu of llie tourlli editiuu of our coinjilote catalop;ue of Mollusca. This edition contaiijis one hundred and twenty-four pa^'cis and lv\o hundred and twenty-three illu8tratii)U8, Due to the considerable exjieuho of publication, we are unable to Keud the catalogue out free of charj;e. The price of the cala- lopue bound with heavy i)aper cover is 55c.; bound in i)ai)er and iutei- leaved with blank ])age8, 70c.; and interleaved and cloth bound, 90c. We will credit the amount paid for catalogue ou first order for shellu amouutiup to tivc dollars.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment,
76-104 COLLEGE AVE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Florida and West Indian Shells
For Sale and Exchange
Send lists of d\iplicates and desiderata. N. "W. LERMOND
P. O. Addrest;: Gulfport, Fla., until May 1 After that date, Thomaston, Me.
FOR SALE
Back Volumes of The Nautilus
Vols. 4 to 20, $1.00 each; Vol. 21, S3.00; Vols. 22 to 27, $1.00 each; Vols. 28 to 30, 81.50 each; Vols. 31 to 3G, S2.00 each. Vol. 21 will be sold only with a complete set. We can- not furnish Vols. 1 and 2 ( " Conchologist Exchange") and Vol. 3 of The Nautilus.
Also for Sale a Number of Interesting Works on Conchology. Address:
THE NAUTILUS
234 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass.
IV THE NAUTILUS.
THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.
The volume now in progress contains a monograph of the Pupillidae, Pupoides, Pupilla, etc.
Issued quarterly in parts of which four form a volume. Plain Edition, per part, $3.00. Colored Edition. $5.00.
S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, p. 0. Address, GLEN RIBGE. NEW JERSEY. U. 8. A.
SOWBRBY & FULTON
(Proprietor, HUGH C. FULTON)
Tde Largest and Finest Stock of Stiells in the World
Specimens Sent on Approval SALE PURCHASE EXCHANGE
Collections and Specimens Named and Jfrranged
27 Shafcesbury Road Ravenecourt Park, London W. 6. Engrland
ALL YOUR LIFE
Beaslielh will intert'st you. l-oiig alter other collection'^ are droppeil.
Twenty Specimene for One Dollar
MISS GABLE, Atlantic Beach, Florida
Hare Shells Supplivtl
$2.00 per Year. ($2.t0 to Foreign Countries.) 50 cti. & eop
THE
NAUTILUS
A QUARTERLY
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS
OF CONCHOLOGISTS
EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS:
H. A. HiLSBRV, Special Curator of the Department of Molluica, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural Hiitory.
Vol. XXXVn. APRIL, 1924. No. 4
CONTENTS :
New and significant species of Partula from Moorea, Society Islands. By
//. E. Crampion 109
A bucket dredge. By Charles Hedley. . . . . . . .118
Notes on Marine Mollusks from Peru and Ecuador. By A. A. Olsson . 120 A new Zonitid snail from Southern California. By S. S. Berry . . 130
A new Alaskan Puncturella. By Wm. II. Dall 133
On Triodopsis harfordiana W. G. B. By /7. vl. Pilsbry . . . .133 Interesting facts in the history of Unio orbiculatus and Unio abruptus.
By L. S. Frienon 135
Notes on the Anatomy and Taxonomy of certain Lampsilinae from the Gulf Drainage. By A. E. Ortmann 137
,-' • ■ !' ■;; C. W. JOHNSON, Business Manager, Boston Society of Natural History.
234 Berkeley Street, / '^/
Boston, Mass. | [IT , .
0
•»%^\y^
itatwed M ji««aBd-ClM« matl«r at tba Bom«b rot-0»^>»^_ ^^OX '
11 THE NAUTILUS.
A New Work on the Cerionidae
By CHARLES J. MAYNARD
This book is the result of fifty years' study in field and laboratory, with 200,000 Cerions in hand. Many new species are described and valuable facts given. Nos. 1 to 9 now issued, 150 pages, 37 hand-colored plates. Catalogue of Cerions for sale now ready, over 100 species. For Circulars, address the author
457 Crafts St., "West Newton. Mass.
SHELLS
Wanted « Fine American Land and Fresh Water Shells.
Send list of what you have to exchange, or will collect. Offered « Fine Philippine Land Shells.
WALTER r. WEBB,
202 'Westminster Road, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Otia Conchologica
By A. A. GOULD
Shells of the \Vilkes, U. S. P^xplor. Exped. ; Shells of the N. Pacific Explor. Exped. , and descriptions of shells reprinted from various publications with rectifications, 1 839-' 62. 256 pages, containing descriptions of 18 new genera and about 1290 new species. A library in itself. A few copies of this rare publication are available at the unusually low rate of 52.50.
Address, SECRETARY, Boston Society of Natural History
234 Berkeley St., Boston, Mais.
Secondhand Books on Art, History, Science, Geology, Botany, Conchology, Entomolog-y, Zoology, &c.
Send fur Tandy's N\\v List. Address, M. TANDY, Dallas City, Illinois.
EXCHANGE NOTICES
For Exchange: Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells of Cal- ifornia, for other shells not in my collection.
Wendkll 0. Gkegg, M. D., 304 N. Boyle Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.
Wanted: Either by exchange or purchase, Mexican and Cen- tral American nliells. J, R. LeB. Tomi.in,
23 Boscobel Road, St. Leonard-on-Sea, England.
THE NAUTILUS. HI
ITe-w Sliell Catalogvie
We have coiupleted tho preparation aud publicutiou of the fourth editiou of our complete catulo^uo of MoUuHca. This edition coutainB one hnndrcd and twenty-four jjapes and two hundred and twenty-three illustrations. Due to the considerable expense of publication, we are unable to send the catalogue out free of charge. The price of the cata- logue bound with heavy paper cover is 55c.; bound in paper and inter- leaved with blank pages, 70c.; and interleaved and cloth bound, 90c. We will credit the amount paid for catalogue on first order for shells amouDtiDg to five dollars.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment,
76-104 COLLEGE AVE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Florida and West Indian Shells
For Sale and Exchange
Send lists of dui>licate.s and desiderata.
N. W. LERMOND P. O. Address: Gulfport, Fla., until May 1 After that date, Thomaston, Me.
FOR SALE
Back Volumes of The Nautilus
Vols. 4 to 20, 81.00 each; Vol. 21, 83.00; Vols. 22 to 27, $1.00 each; Vols. 28 to 30, 81.50 each; Vols. 31 to 30, 82.00 each. Vol. 21 will be sold only with a complete set. We can- not furnish Vols. 1 and 2 ( " Conchologist Exchange") and Vol. 3 of The Nautilus.
Also for Sale a Number of Interesting Works on Conchology,
Address:
THE NAUTILUS
234 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass.
IV THE NAUTILUS.
THE MANUAL OF COISCHOLOGY.
The volume now in progress contains a monograph of the Pupillidae, Pupoides, Pupilla, etc.
Issued quarterly in parts of which four form a volume. Plain Edition, per part, $3.00. Colored Edition. $5.00.
S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, p. 0. AddresB, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.
SOWBRBY & PULTON
(Proprietor, HUGH C. FULTON)
The Largest and Finest Stock of Shells in the World
Specimens Sent on Approval
SALE PURCHASE EXCHANGE
Collections and Specimens Named and Arranged
27 Shaftesbury Road Ravenscourt Park, London W. 6. England
Mill W !!( >\ I IIIH \l(^
UH 17XS T
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