I THE NAUTILUS THE PILSBRY QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. 71 JULY, 1957 to APRIL, 1958 EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS HORACE BURRINGTON BAKER Graduate Chairman of Zoology, University of Pennsylvania CHARLES B. WURTZ Consulting Biologists, 610 Commercial Trust Building R. TUCKER ABBOTT H. A. Pilsbry Chair of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PONY PRINTING, UPPER DARBY, PA. CONTENTS Names of new genera, species, etc. in italics Achatinellid names 148 American Malacological Union 66 Antillean marines 1, 53 Argentina 22, 63, 116, 152 Atlantic, western 1, 37, 52, 55, 68, 117, 118, 124, 131, 139, 152 Australia, marine 53, 57 Baker, F. C, types in University Wis 30 Barriers, ecologic and zoogeographic 141 Brazil 47 California, inland 4 marine 4, 129, 151 Chile 116 Colombia 47, 83 Conidae of Puerto Rico 1 Conus armillatus 117 Conus bermudensis 139 Dates of Nautilus 72 Deep water shells 37 Dispersal of land snails 141 Dredging for deep water mollusks 37 Drymaeus hyltoni Parodiz 25 Ecuador 83 Elliptio complanatus roanokensis 60 Ellobiids, ecology of 118 Epiphragmophora hemiclausa "Scott" Parodiz 30 Fargo, William Gilbert (obituary) 68, pi. 2 Florida, inland (2):iii, 118 marines 37, 68, 118, 152 Fontigens orolibas Hubricht 9 Guiana 47 Gulella bicolor (2):iii Haliotis ruber 57 Hawaii 141, 148 iii iv NAUTILUS Vol. 71 (4) Indian sites in Illinois 131 Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) golischi 151 Japan 8 Kentucky 11 Meioceras lermondi 152 Minnesota 33, 34 Moellendorffia (Trihelix) eucharistus, anatomy 8 M. (T.) hiraseana pi. 1 Nautilus, dates and history of 72, 112 Nenia (Andinia) barcrofti Pilsbry 51 Newcomb's achatinellid names 148 North Carolina 60 Notes and news 72, 116, 151 Ovatella myosotis 4 Pacific, eastern 4, 129, 151 western 53, 57 Paludestrina, type of 116 Pecten (Comptopallium) radula griggi Webb 53 Peronaeus (Lissoacme) curamalalensis Parodiz 23 Peru 47, 116 Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (obituary) 73 chair of malacology 100 contributions 104 draftsman 100 Florida 97 fossils and marines 89 fresh water mollusks 84 marine malacologist 87, 89, 97 Nautilus 112 Peru and Argentina 116 Placopecten magellanicus, range 55 Plant associations and snails 18 Platybostryx 24 Prunum roscidum 52 Publications received 152 Rhodea barcrofti Pilsbry 83 Ryukyu Islands 8 Solaropsis anomnla Pilsbry 49 Solaropsis undata browni Pilsbry 50 April, 1958 nautilus v South Carolina (2):iii Statistical methods 60 Tegula, varieties 127 Tennessee 141 Texas marines 124 Turbonilla (Bartschella) pauli Smith & Gordon 151 Type of Paludestrina 116 Types of F. C. Baker 30 Virginia 9 Viviparus contectoides (2):iii Weeks, William H. (obituary) 72 Wilkins, Guy L. (obituary) 35 Wisconsin 30, (2):iii Wyoming 12 INDEX TO AUTHORS Abbott, R. Tucker 52, 100, 117 Baker, H. Burrington 72, 73, 112, 141 Baker (Pilsbry &) 116 Beetle, Dorothy E 12 Clarke, Arthur Haddleton, Jr 148 Conkin, James E. 10 Eldred, Bonnie 152 Ewan, Joseph 35 Eyerdam, W. J 152 Franzen, Dorothea S. 30 Gapp, Helen Winchester 100 Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr. (Smith &) 151 Habe, Tadashige 8 Hubricht, Leslie 9 Jacobson, Morris K (2):iii McGinty, Paul U & Thomas L 37 McGinty, Thomas L 97 Moore, Donald R 124 Moore, J. Percy 94 Morrison, J. P. E. 118 Nielsen, T. H. A 139 Olssen, Axel 0 68, 89 Parker, Richard A. (Walter &) 60 Parmalee, Paul W 131 Parodiz, J. J 22, 63 Paulson, Edward G. 4 Pilsbry, Elizabeth 116 Pilsbry. Henry A. 47, 83, 104 Pilsbry & H. B. B 116 Posgay, J. A 55 Schwengel. Jeanne S. 87 Smith, Allyn G. & Mackenzie Gordon, Jr 151 Stohler, R 129 Talmadge, Robert R 57 Teskey, Margaret C 66 Toblcman, Fred 72 Walter, Waldemar M. & Richard A. Parker 60 Warmkc, Germaine L. 1 vi April, 1958 nautilus Vll Washburn, Robert G (2):iii Webb, J. H 53 Wurtz, Charles B 84 The Nautilus Vol. 71 JULY, 1957 No. 1 LIST OF THE CONIDAE OF PUERTO RICO By GEEMAINE L. WARMKE Institute of Marine Biology, University of Puerto Eico, Mayaguez The present report adds five species of Conidae not previously listed for Puerto Rico and several new locality records. The finding of Conns juliae Clench in Puerto Rico extends the range of this species from Florida to the West Indies. The range of Conus centurio Born is also extended, as it had been reported previously only from Santo Domingo, (Clench, 1942). A total of 11 species of cones have been found to date in Puerto Rico. Locations of collecting sites are shown in figure 1. The species reported are as follows: Conus regius Gmelin Reported as C. nehulosus Solander by Dall and Simpson (1901) from Aguadilla. Additional records: Between Boqueron and Cabo Rojo Light House ; Guanica ; Punta Cuchara, near Ponce ; between Patillas and Maunabo ; Punta Maldonado ; Palmas Altas ; Arecibo ; West of Camuy ; Ramey Air Force Base, (found alive by A. Phares) ; Rincon Light House; Punta Cadena; Mona Island, (found alive by M. McDowell). Dead shells very common on the beach. Live shells found in reefs. Conus mus Hwass Reported by Dall and Simpson (1901) from San Juan; Aguadilla; Ponce; and by Clench (1943) from San Juan and Mona Island. Additional records : Mayaguez ; Punta Guana- jibo ; Punta Arenas ; Cabo Rojo Light House ; Guanica ; between Patillas and Maunabo ; Boca de Cangrejos ; Punta Maldonado ; Palmas Altas ; Arecibo ; West of Camuy ; Ramey Air Force Base, (A. Phares) ; Rincon Light House ; Mona Island, (found alive by M. McDowell). Dead shells very common on the beach. Live shells found at nierht in reefs. THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) 15_ r— ^^ri^Vo PUERTO RICO '/•MflYflGUEZ PONCE c^....--^ *v LOCATION OF COLLECTING STATIONS IN PQERTO RICO 1. Punta Guanajibo. 2. Punta Arenas. 3, Joyuda. 4. Guaniquilla. 5. Boquer6n. 6. Cabo Eojo Light House. 7. Ensenada. 8. Guanica. 9. Between Patillas and Maunabo. 10. Punta Maldonado. 11. Boca de Cangrejos. 12. Catano. 13. Palmas Altas. 14. Camuy. 15. Eamey Air Force Base. 16. Ruic6n Light House. 17. Punta Cadena. 18. Punta Algarrobo. 19. Mona Island (located 40 miles west of Puerto Rico). CoNus JASPIDEUS Gmelin Reported as C. pygmaeus Reeve by Dall and Simpson from Aguadilla and by Clench (1943) from San Juan. Additional records: Punta Guanajibo; Ramey Air Force Base; Rincon. Dead shells fairly common on the beach. CoNus VERRUCOSUS Hwass Reported by Dall and Simpson from Mayaguez. Additional records: Guanajibo (alive); Punta Arenas; Joyuda; Guani- quilla; Ensenada; Guanica; Boca de Cangrejos; Catauo ; Ramey Air Force Base ; and dredging around Piiiero Island, off Joyuda. Dead shells very common on the beach. CONUS GRANULATUS Liuue New Record. Punta Arenas, (A. Phares) ; Rincon, (G. Garrison, K. Yates) ; Mona Island, (K. 0. Phares). Rare. CoNus SPURius Gmelin New Record. Punta Arenas; Punta Guanajibo, (found alive by H. F. Winters and by G. L. Warmke). An unusually large specimen (2% inch) was found at Bahia Bramadero, between Punta Arenas and Joyuda. Dead shells fairly common at lo- calities mentioned. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 3 CoNUS DAUcus Hwass New Record. Cabo Rojo Light House ; West of Camuy ; Ramey Air Force Base, (found alive by A. Phares) ; Rincon, (found alive by K. Yates). Dead shells fairly common on the beach. CoNus CEXTURio Bom New Record. Found at Ramey Air Force Base by K. Yates and by A. Phares, also at Rincon by A. Phares and G. Garrison. Rare. CoNUS viLLEPixii Fisher and Bernardi Reported as C. agassizii Dall by Dall and Simpson from Mayaguez. Rare. CoNUS JULiAE Clench Neiv Record. Guanajibo, (found alive by G. L. Warmke) ; Rincon, (found alive by A. Phares), (Mary Warmke found one dead specimen, olive colored instead of the usual bright orange) ; Ramey Air Force Base, (found alive by G. Garrison). Dead shells fairly common at localities mentioned. Live shells prob- ably live in the reefs. CoNus RAxuxcuLUS Hwass Reported as C. puerforicanus Hwass (Kiener) by Dall and Simpson. Additional record: Rincon, (A. Phares); Mona Island, (K. 0. Phares), and Mona Island (alive) by M. McDowell. Rare. The author wishes to express her appreciation to the many friends in Puerto Rico who made their shells and location data available for this list and also to Dr. Ruth D. Turner for cheek- ing identifications and for critically reading the manuscript. Citations Dall and Simpsox. 1901. The Mollusca of Puerto Rico, U. S. Fish Commission Bulletin, Vol. 1, pp. 351-524. Clench. 1942. Johnsonia, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 1-40. Clench. 1943. Johnsonia, Vol. 2, No. 32, pp. 363-376. 4 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) TAXONOMY OF SALT MARSH SNAIL, OVATELLA MYOSOTIS, IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA By EDWARD G. PAULSON Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley Early in the course of an investigation of the ecology of the ellobiid, Ovatella myosotis, in central California salt marshes, it became apparent that a number of different names are in current usage for this species. Most commonly applied is Phytia setifer Cooper, 1872, but also to be found are Phytia myosotis, Alexia setifer and Alexia myosotis. The following is an attempt to clarify this situation. The history of the genus Phytia Gray 1821 has been recently reviewed by Watson (1943). In confirming the observations of several previous workers, particularly those of Woodward (1903), he made the following points: (1) The generic name Alexia Leach is clearly unavailable for this group since it had been used by Stephens for a genus of Coleoptera before its first publication by Gray in 1847, and (2) the name Phytia originated through Gray's unintentional misspelling of Pythia and hence must be dropped under article 19 of the International Rules. While his first point must be considered definitely established, some doubt has been expressed of his interpretation of the mode of origin of Phytia (see Burch, 1945). Although direct proof of Gray's original intent appears lacking, seemingly the indirect evidence on this point, as amassed by Watson, is quite conclusive. Particularly pertinent is the fact that Gray, himself, twice cor- rected his error by listing Pythia Gray, 1821 (not Phytia) in the synonomy of this genus (in 1847, Pythia for Alexia and in 1857 for Conovolus). In place of Phytia, Watson proposed Ovatella Bivona Bernardi, 1832, as the oldest available name for this genus, in so doing accepting Ovatella punctata Bivona Bernardi, 1832 (= Auricula firmini Pyaredeu, 1826) as the type of this originally typeless and heterogeneous assemblage. Wat- son's suggestion, however, has not met with universal adoption, and thus some, such as Harry (1947) and Morton (1955), follow him in the use of Ovatella while others, including Burch (1945) and Morrison (1951), retain Phytia. Watson is followed here in the application of the name Ovatella, not only because such a change luus been shown to be technically necessary, but also July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 5 because, as pointed out by Morton (1955), this eliminates the frequent source of confusion inherent in the retention of two such similar names as Phytia and Pythia in the Ellobiidae. The trivial name setifer has had a rather confusing history. In his original description of Alexia setifer Cooper (1872) stated, "Shell very similar to A. myosotis (of the northern At- lantic states) but the young provided with short deciduous bristles arranged in a spiral line just in front of the suture." Such bristles, however, had long been known in the better preserved specimens of Ovatella myosotis (see Clarke, 1855). Dall (1885), after comparing the shells of the two forms, decided that they were identical and listed Alexia setifer as a synonym of Alexia myosotis. In 1894, Cooper, apparently accepting Ball's ob- servations, listed this form as Alexia myosotis, var. setifer Cooper, 1872. With the question apparently settled then, Dall (1921) inexplicably resurrected Phytia setifer as a distinct species. In this he has been followed by most later workers such as Oldroyd (1927), Keen (1937), and Morrison (1950). Hanna (1939), however, included Phytia myosotis in his list of ''Exotic Mollusca in California" with the statement that no recent published record of a careful comparison of shells could be found. Burch (1945) recently has discussed this problem, and while retaining Phytia setifer as a distinct species, he ex- pressed the need of a comparative study to settle this question. Such a study was undertaken by the author. Forty speci- mens of Ovatella myosotis from Europe and 12 specimens from the east coast of the United States were compared with over 300 California specimens collected from San Francisco Bay, Bodega Bay and Elkhorn Slough. In making this comparison, speci- mens of height greater than 6.8 mm., possessing a thickened outer lip, were arbitrarily considered to be mature. The posses- sion of a thickened outer lip was not invariably an adequate indi- cation of maturity. In the first place, a thin outer lip was not found to be a certain indication of sexual immaturity since such individuals were frequently found copulating. Further- more, the resumption of growth in individuals with a thickened outer lip, with apparent resorption of the thickening, was found not to be uncommon. Comparison of the two forms revealed complete uniformity with respect to the following characters: THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) 35 30 .25 o ;:;20 ^ 15 O 10- Colifornian Ovotella British a Eastern U.S. Ovotella 1.90- 1.99 2.00- 2.09 2.10- 2.19 2.20- 2.29 2.30- 2.39 2.40- 2.49 2.50- 2.59 2.60- 2.69 270- 2.79 2.80- 2.89 Ratio of Height to Maximum Diameter Color : Hyaline through brown and purple, with complete intergradation between. Apex: Asymmetrical, exhibiting re- duced heterostrophy. Sculpture : Apical bulb smooth, toward end of first whorl acquiring spiral punctuations which in the third and later whorls are obscured by faint longitudinal stria- tions. Bristles present below the suture. Apertural teeth: Inner lip (columella) 2-4. Outer lip 0-3.^ In addition the ratio of height to maximum diameter was computed for all specimens. The results are plotted in figure 1, which compares on a percent basis the British and eastern U. S. samples with the California specimens. From the foregoing, it can be seen that there is sufficient uni- formity and/or overlap in all critical characters examined to demand the decision that the two forms are conspecific. There- fore, I suggest that the form previously known as Phytia setifcr Cooper, 1872 should be designated as Ovatella myosotis Drapar- naud. 1 In Europe two subspecies of Ovatella myosotis have been recognized on the basis of the number of teeth on the outer lip. Ovatella myosotis myosotis possesses 0-3 teeth and Ovatella myosotis denticiilatus has 3-6 teeth on tlie outer lip. There is no evidence that such a distinction can be made in Californian material, and all specimens examined must be referred to Ovatella myosotis myosotis. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 7 This study was made possible through the generous response of many people to my requests for comparative material. Es- pecially to be thanked are Dr. Myra Keene, Stanford University ; Dr. Leo Hertlein and Mr. Allyn Smith, California Academy of Sciences ; Dr. Rees and Dr. Galbreath of the British Museum ; and Dr. Paul Holle, University of New Hampshire. Finally I should like to thank Dr. Cadet Hand, University of California, for his advice and reading of the manuscript. Literature Cited BuRCH, J. Q. 1945. Minutes Conchological Club Southern California, No. 48, p. 9. Clark, W. 1855. A history of the British marine testaceous Mollusca. John Van Voorst, London. 536 pp. Cooper, J. G. 1872. Proc. Academy Natural Sciences Phila- delphia, 24: 143-154. . 1886. Bull, of the California Academv of Sciences, 1 : 235-255. Dall, W. H. 1885. Proc. U. S. National Museum, 8: 255-289. . 1921. Bull. 112, U. S. National Museum. Gray. J. E. 1821. London Medical Repository, 15: 299-239. . 1857. in W. D. Turton's Manual of the land and fresh water shells of the British Isles. Longman, Brown et al., London. 335 pp. Hanxa, D. G. 1939. Bull. Dept. of Agriculture, State of Cali- fornia, 28 : 298-321. Harry, H. W. 1951. Proc. California Zoological Club, 2 : 7-14. Keen, A. M. 1937. An abridged checklist and bibliography of west American marine Mollusca. Stanford Univ. Press. 84 pp. Morrison, J. P. E. 1950. News bull, and annual report of the American Malac. Union. Morton, J. E. 1955. Phil, trans, of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 239 : 89-160. Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The marine shells of the west coast of North America. Vol. 2, part 1, 297 pp., Stanford Univ. Press. Watson, H. 1943. J. Conchology, 22: 13-22. Woodward, B. B. 1903. J. Conchology, 10 : 352-367. 8 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) ANATOMY OF MOELLENDORFFIA (TRIHELIX) EUCHARISTUS (PILSBRY) By TADASHIGE HABE Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory Through courtesy of Dr. Tokubei Kuroda, a living specimen of Moellendorffia (Trihelix) eucharistus (Pilsbry) from Sayo- mura, Amami-Oshima, one of the Ryukyu chain, has been for- warded to me. This species is rather rare, but was fortunately discovered by Mr. Masataka Ishimori during the tour of his col- lection in 1956-57. This is a first opportunity for examination of the soft parts of the group, as well as the species. This species seems to be endemic to the Amami group, and the other known species are distributed in Formosa, southern China and Cambodia. This group of species is known under the subgeneric term Trihelix in the genus Moellendorffia.^ Trihelix differs from the typical Moellendorffia in having smooth and shining embryonic whorls and in the aperture, the free and very peculiar margin of the parietal wall at the penultimate whorl, which bears two transverse sulci outside of the last part of the last whorl and forming two tooth-like folds inside of the aper- ture. However, in this Japanese species the peculiar armature of the aperture is somewhat reduced. The general features of the genitalia of this species resemble rather closely those of the Japanese genera Yakiichloritis and Nipponochloritis, but distinctly differ in the short but thick receptaculum seminis, stout penis sheath, the very short flagel- lum on the penis, etc. Animal long and narrow, black in colour; mantle with three black bands on the white lung area; common duct (fig. 8, c) very long, but oviduct (o) short (only 2.9 mm.) and thick stalk of the receptaculum seminis (r) comparatively short, the length about three times the oviduct, with swollen sac on the distal end ; vagina (v) swollen towards the genital pore and two times the length of the oviduct; vas deferens (d) very long (nearly 17.9 mm.) ; penis (e) 10 mm. long Avith finger-shaped flagellum (f), which measures only 0.8 mm. in length ; insertion of penial re- tractor near basal end of penis; penis sheath (p) thickish fusiform, but the closer part of the genital pore is narrowly con- 1 In his famous work, Handbucli dcr syst. Weichtierkunde, Thiele omitted citation of this genus. THE NAUTILUS 71 (1) PLATE 1 Figs. 1, 2. Moellendorffia (Trihelix) Mraseana Pilsbry; outlines of shell, shoAving the two sulci behind the aperture. 3-8, M. (T.) eucharistus (Pilsbry), 3, 4. shell of the examined specimen -which measures 7.2 mm, in height and 14 mm. in diameter, 5, the enlarged hairy periostracum showing the tAvo kinds of hairs, 6. jaw, 7. radula showing the central tooth with first and second lateral teeth and three marginals, 8. terminal genitalia. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 9 stricted. Jaw distinctly arched and with 12 vertical ribs on the surface. Radula with unicuspid central tooth and 16, one or two cusped laterals; 19 marginals, decreasing in size out- wardly, the cusps of which are three to four in number. References Habe, T. 1955. Venus, v. 18, pp. 221-234. PiLSBRY, H. A. 1905. Naut., v. 19, pp. 66-67. NEW SPECIES OF FONTIGENS FROM SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK By LESLIE HUBEICHT FONTIGENS OROLIBAS, UCW SpCCicS Shell: Elongate, turreted; color whitish-corneous, subhyaline; surface smooth, lines of gro^vth numerous ; spire conical, apex appearing truncated ; whorls 4.5, flatly convex, separated by deep sutures ; first whorl coiled in the same plane forming a flat apex ; body whorl often somewhat expanded ; aperture ovate, peristome continuous, sharp, a little thickened on the inside, free or ap- pressed to the parietal wall for a short distance ; immature shells umbilicate, becoming rimate at maturity. Operculum : Hyaline, ovate, paucispiral, of about two whorls, sculpture consisting only of growth lines, which are almost invisible except near the end of growth; nucleus placed near the left side about one-third of the distance from base to apex. Animal: Whitish with black flecking over the upper surface. Height Diameter Aperture Ht. Aperture Diam. 2.4 mm. 1.4 mm. 1.0 mm. 0.8 mm. Holotype. 2.3 mm. 1.3 mm. 1.0 mm. 0.8 mm. Paratype. 2.3 mm. 1.5 mm. 1.0 mm. 0.8 mm. Paratype. Virginia: Shenandoah National Park: Warren Co.: spring, near Browntown Valley Overlook. Rappahannock Co. : Gravel Spring ; spring, Indian Run Shelter ; spring, below Little Hog- back Overlook. Page Co. : David Spring, Big Meadow Camp Grounds ; spring, Hawksbill Gap ; spring, Skyland ; spring, Elkwallow Gap Shelter; Furnace Spring; Lewis Spring. Madi- son Co. : spring, Hawksbill Shelter, Holotype 618868, Paratvpes 618869, U.S.N.M., other paratypes 12059, collection of " the author; spring, Pocosin Cabin; Little Stony Man Spring; Spring, Bear Fence Mtn. Shelter. Rockingham Co. : roadside spring, 0.2 mile north of milepost 80. Greene Co. : spring, Pine- 10 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Fontigens orolibas Hubricht. Paratypes from Hawksbill Shelter Spring, ANSP no. 224662. Left fig., apical vieAV of shell ; other figs., apertural view of 6 shells. field Shelter; spring-, 0.3 mile south of milepost 62. Albemarle Co. : spring, Doyle River Cabin. Augusta Co. : spring, 0.6 mile north of Calf Mtn. Overlook. Blue Ridge Pari' way: Augusta Co. : spring in pasture at milepost 6 ; roadside spring, 0.3 mile south of milepost 6 ; roadside spring, 0.3 mile north of milepost 8. Fontigens orolihas may be readily distinguished from Fonti- gens nicMiniana (Lea) by its smaller size, truncated spire, ex- panded body whorl, and lighter colored animal. This is a species of high altitude springs in the Shenandoah National Park. It was found in every spring examined above 2000 feet, on both sides of the divide, even in springs that dried up during the summer. On the Blue Ridge Parkway, it was not found in any spring beyond milepost 8. LARGER LAND SNAILS OF SLEEPY HOLLOW, KENTUCKY By JAMES E. CONKIN Paleontologist, Union Producing Co., Beeville, Texas On November 29, 1953, in the course of investigating the geology and paleontology of Sleepy Hollow (2.5 miles north of Worthington), Oldham County, Kentucky, I collected the ''dead shells" of several larger land snails from the surface of the hill slopes at Black Bridge on the south fork of Harrods Creek. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 11 The geology and paleontology of the area has been described (Conkin, 1948, 1950). The soil is formed from the residuum of the Silurian Louisville limestone and Laurel dolomite ; the latter forms the present surface outcrops of the flat uplands. On the valley slopes and bottoms, the Ordovician limestones and shales of the Richmond group (Waynesville, Liberty, and White- water [Saluda] formations) are exposed. Calcareous salts are therefore abundantly distributed in the soil of the area for use by the snails in building their shells. The bushy and forested slopes and creek bottoms provide excellent habitats for the mollusks of the area. Because no work has been published on the snails of the area, and very little on Kentucky snails as a whole, the recording of even my cursory examination of the snails of Sleepy Hollow seems worthy of notice. Perhaps this note will engender indi- vidual or group study on the part of the local natural history students, or at least prompt collection of mollusks and their do- nation to workers interested in pursuing molluscan studies in the region. A list of larger land snails from Sleepy Hollow follows: Anguispira kochi (Pfeiffer) Haplotrema concavum (Say) Mesodon elevatus (Say) Mesodon iiiflectus (Say) Mesodon thyroidus (Say) Stenotrema stenotrema (Pfeiffer) Triodopsis alholahris (Say) Triodopsis fraudulenta (Pilsbry) With the exception of a few duplicate shells retained by the writer, all specimens collected at Sleepy Hollow were deposited in the mollusk collection of the Natural History Museum at the University of Kansas. Literature Cited Conkin, J. E. 1948. Annals Ky. Nat. Hist., v. 1, pp. 23-26, Ipl. . 1950. Annals Ky. Nat. Hist., v. 1, pp. 45-48, fig. 6. 12 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) THE MOLLUSCA OF TETON COUNTY, WYOMING By DOROTHY E. BEETLE Teton County, in northwestern Wyoming, has an area of 2,815 square miles, and is somewhat larger than the State of Delaware. Most of the land is in the Teton National Forest, the Tanghee National Forest, the Grand Teton National Park, and the National Elk Refuge. There are a few towns and ranches with an approximate population of 3,000. The Teton Range runs in a north south direction for over forty miles down the western half of the county. One of the most precipitous mountain fronts in the world, it came into being during the Tertiary when faulting along a north south fracture lifted the west block over 7,000 feet and tilted it west- ward. The chain of high peaks so formed culminates in the Grand Teton, elevation 13,776 feet. The east block was de- pressed, and formed the valley of Jackson Hole. Stretched along the eastern base of the mountains are seven piedmont lakes. These lakes came into being as glaciers, hemmed in by moraines, melted back during the Pleistocene. Jackson Lake, the largest, is 400 feet deep. String Lake is only 10 feet deep. The eastern half of the county is entirely mountainous, con- taining the Gros Ventre Range, Pyramid Peak, Darwin Peak, Sheep Mountain, Mt. Leidy, and the high ridges of the Conti- nental Divide. The northern boundary of the county is over- laid by lava flows, a continuation of the volcanic cover of Yellow- stone Plateau. Jackson Hole is encompassed by these highlands. It is cen- trally located, and is approximately forty-eight miles long and six to eight miles wide. The Valley floor is comparatively flat, covered with cobbles left by the glaciers and occupied now by sage-brush, grasses and herbs. It is drained by the Snake River and the many streams flowing into the Snake from the surround- ing mountains. With the exception of minor areas in the northeast and northwest corners of the county, all waters flow into the Snake, which turns west through the Grand Canyon of the Snake River into Idaho, and eventually joins the Columbia River. The minimum elevation of 5,800 feet is recorded near Iloback in the Grand Canyon of the Snake. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 13 The average annual precipitation is 21.5 inches, more than that received by any other county in Wyoming. It is dis- tributed rather evenly throughout the year as snow or rain. Snow has occurred every month of the year. The monthly mean temperature varies from 13.6 to 61.3 de- grees Fahrenheit. The summers are cool and short, with an average growing period of sixty days in the valley. The short- est growing season recorded at Moran since 1911, when weather records were initiated, was four days. The longest was 112 days. Temperatures in winter may descend to — 40 and — 50 degrees P., with a minimum temperature recorded in the valley of — 63 degrees F. The low temperatures, short frost-free periods and the deep snows are critical factors in the develop- ment of a molluscan fauna. The soils of Teton County have not been described in detail. In general, the Teton Range and the Continental Divide in the northeastern corner have acid mountain soils lying on granite or ryolite. The mountains in the eastern section have a granitic core overlain by sandstones and limestones. The soil is a brown sandy loam. In the north, the volcanic cover has a mixture of acid mountain, sandy loam, and some limey valley soils. The central valley of Jackson Hole shows limey valley soils over- lying recent terrace, bench and bottom deposits. Four life zones are recognized, the Transition, Canadian, Hudsonian and Arctic- Alpine. Terrestrial Mollusca Oreohelix strigosa depressa (Cockerell) : Pacific Creek, under sagebrush, D. Beetle 55-486 ; Hillside above Flat Creek along Highway 187, J. Henderson. Oreohelix stihrudis (''Pfr." Reeve) : General in the area. Con- siderable variation in size and color patterns exist. Oreohelix carinifera Pilsbry : 15 miles south of Jackson, A. Beetle 48-7. Microphysula ingersolli (Bland) : Aspen grove at Signal Moun- tain Pond, D. Beetle 54-416 ; North slope of Signal Mountain, D. Beetle 54-455 ; West fork of Crystal Creek, R. Honess. Euconulus fulvus (Miiller) : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-411 ; East of Jackson Hole Station in willows, D. Beetle 54-411; Emma Matilda Lake (reported as E. fulvus alaskensis) Levi; Trail to Hidden Falls, D. Beetle 55-489 ; Cascade Canyon, A. Beetle 50-363. Euconulus fulviis alaskensis (Pilsbry) : General in the area. 14 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Retinella electrina (Gould) : Northeast of Jackson Hole Station on the old road to Moran, D. Beetle 54-434; Cottonwood Creek, Levi. Retinella hinneyana occidentalis H. B. Baker: Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-462 ; Snake River floodplain south to Wilson, Roscoe. Zonitoides arhoreus (Say) : General in the area. Vitrina alaskana Dall: General in the area. Deroceras laeve (Miiller) : Northeast of Jackson Hole Station on the old road to Moran, D. Beetle 54-432 ; Wildlife Park, Levi ; Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-465. Deroceras laeve gracile (Raf.) : Snake River floodplain south of Wilson, Roscoe. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) : General in the area. Discus shimeki (Pilsbry) : Collections of D. shimeki and D. shimeki cockerelli are herein reported separately. However, a series collected shows a transition from a high to a de- pressed spire, and variations in umbilical diameter and rib striations. Probably the subspecies cockerelli should not be retained. Aspen grove above Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-408 ; Northeast of Jackson Hole Station on the old road to Moran, D. Beetle 54^68 ; North slope of Signal Moun- tain, D. Beetle 54-458 ; Trail around Jenny Lake, D. Beetle 55-495 ; Trail to Hidden Falls, D. Beetle 55-487 ; Snake River floodplain south of Wilson, Roscoe. Discus shimeki cockerelli (Pilsbry) : North slope of Signal Mountain, D. Beetle 55-436, and Levi; Curr Canyon, Gregg. Punctum minutissimum (Lea) : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-412A, and Levi ; Northeast of Jackson Hole Station on the old road to Moran, D. Beetle 55-469 ; North slope of Signal Mountain, D. Beetle 54—457, and Levi ; Emma Matilda Lake, Levi; Trail to Hidden Falls, D. Beetle 55^95. Oxyloma decampi gouldi Pilsbry: Bog off Snake River east of Jackson Hole Station, D. Beetle 54-463; Wildlife Park (re- ported as Succinea avara), Levi; Gros Ventre Creek wTst of Highway 187 bridge (reported as 8. avara), Levi; Ditch at Jackson Airport, D. Beetle 55-430 ; Pond 20 miles south of Jackson (reported as ^S'. retusa), Henderson; Snake River floodplain south of Wilson, Roscoe; Hoback Canyon, Typha pond near Camp Davis, Gregg. Succinea grosvenori Lea: Grand Canyon of the Snake near Hoback, cottonAvood association, Gregg. Succinea stretchiana Bland: Gros Ventre Creek (identified by J. P. E. Morrison), R. Honess. Succinea avara Say : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-412 ; Aspen grove northeast of Jackson Hole Station on old road to Moran, D. Beetle 54-436; Two Ocean Lake, Levi. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 15 Pupilla hlandi Morse : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-407 ; 1 mile south of Moran, Gregg ; Moose, Levi ; Sheep Mountain, Levi. Pupilla muscorum (L.) : 7 miles north of Moran, Henderson; Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, Levi ; Wildlife Park, Levi ; North slope of Signal Mountain, Levi ; Gros Ventre Slide, Levi ; Gros Ventre Creek, R. Honess ; Mount Baldy, Levi. Pupilla hehes (Ancey) : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-407 A ; Riverbank below Jackson Hole Station, D. Beetle 54-429; Togowottee Pass, D. Beetle 50-397. Vertigo gonldi coloradensis (Cockerell) : Aspen grove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-413 ; Bog off Snake River east of Jackson Hole Station, D. Beetle 54-466 ; Willows east of Jackson Hold Station, D. Beetle 54-442. Vertigo gouldi hasidens Pilsbry & Vanatta : Hoback Canyon, Typha pond near Camp Davis, Gregg. Vertigo concinnula Cockerell: Pilgrim Creek, Levi; 1 mile south of Moran, Gregg ; North slope of Signal Mountain, Levi ; Emma Matilda Lake, Levi ; Elk, Levi ; Leigh Lake, Levi ; Gros Ventre Slide, Levi ; Mt. Baldy, Levi ; Sheep Mountain, Levi, 29 miles south of Jackson, Gregg. Vertigo modesta (Say) : Trail to Hidden Falls, D. Beetle 55-491. Under the bark of a fallen aspen tree lying in a seep were 45 specimens of Vertigo modesta and form parietalis, the greatest concentration of this species seen by the author. Thirty shells had 5 teeth, eight had 4 teeth, one had 3 teeth, four juvenile had spine-like teeth and two were toothless. On this same log were Oreohelix suhrudis, Euconulus fulvus, Zonitoides arhoreus, Vitrina alaskana, Discus shimeki, Punc- tum minutissimum, and Columella alticola. Vertigo modesta parietalis Ancey : Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-461; Trail around Jenny Lake, D. Beetle 55-493; Cascade Canyon, A. Beetle 50-361. Columella alticola (Ingersoll) : Trail to Hidden Falls, D. Beetle 55-492; Cascade Canyon, A. Beetle 50-361A. Vallonia gracilicosta Reinhardt : Aspen grove at Signal Moun- tain Pond, D. Beetle 54-410; Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-464 ; Snake River floodplain south of Wilson, Roscoe. Vallonia albula Sterki: Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-460 ; Snake River floodplain south of Wilson, Roscoe. Vallonia cyclopliorella Sterki : Pilgrim Creek, Levi ; 7 miles north of Moran, Henderson ; Aspen groove at Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-410A ; East of Jackson Hole Station, D. Beetle 54-445 ; Pacific Creek, D. Beetle 54-451 ; Emma Matilda Lake, Levi ; Uhl Hill, Levi ; Gros Ventre Slide, Levi ; Gros Ventre Creek, R. Honess; Teton Pass, Olsson. 16 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Zoogenetes harpa (Say): Emma Matilda Lake, Levi; Leigh Lake, Levi ; Gros Ventre Slide, Levi. Cionella lubrica (Miiller) : Road to Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55^63. Aquatic Mollusca Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) : Flagg Ranch, C. Thurston; Flat Creek (reported as M. margaritifera falcata), Hender- son ; Snake River at the mouth of Plat Creek, Gregg. Sphaeriuni lacustre rykholti Normand: Swan Lake, in the mud and roots of vegetation on a floating island, Baxter and D. Beetle 55-444; Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 55-434; Pacific Creek, R. Fautin; Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 44-457. Sphaerium occidentale Prime : Togowottee Pass, D. Beetle 50- 399A. Pisidium casertanum Poli : General in the area. Pisidiiim suhtruncatum Malm : Christian Meadows, D. Beetle 55- 452. Pisidium variable Prime : Elk Island, A. Beetle 55-480 ; Snake River at Jackson Hole Station, dead specimens, D. Beetle 54-424. Lymnaea stagnalis jugiilaris Say: Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-447. Lymnaea caperata Say: Snake River at Jackson Hole Station, A. Beetle 54-421 ; 20 miles south of Jackson, Henderson. Lymnaea humilis modicella Say: Snake River at the mouth of Flat Creek, Gregg. Lymnaea hiimilis rustica Lea : Snake River at the mouth of Flat Creek, Gregg, Snake River, below mouth of Flat Creek, on rocks, Gregg. Lymnaea palustris Miiller : General in the area. Lymnaea palustris wyomingensis Baker : General in the area. Lymnaea jacksonensis Baker : Swan Lake, Baxter and D. Beetle 55^43; Coulter Bay Lake, D. Beetle 55-446; Jackson Lake, Henderson, A. Beetle 55-483; Wildlife Park, Levi; Phelps Lake, Henderson ; Snake River south of Wilson, Roscoe ; Snake River V2 i^ile below Flat Creek, Gregg; Snake River below Hoback Creek, Gregg ; Grand Canyon of the Snake, Gregg. Lymnaea montana Elrod: Jenny Lake (reported as L. elrod- iana), Henderson. Lymnaea hinneyi Tryon : Fish Creek south of Wilson, Gregg ; Y> mile below mouth of Flat Creek, Snake River, Gregg. Jjymnaea apicina Lea : Snake River below Flat Creek, D, Beetle 55-429. Ilclisoma trivolvis (Say) : Swan Lake, Baxter and D. Beetle 55^39; Coulter Bay Lake, Baxter and D. Beetle; Christian Meadows, D. Beetle 55-451. Helisoma trivolvis macrostomum (Whiteaves) : Two Ocean Lake, July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 17 Beetle and Beetle 50-370 ; Swamps of Flat Creek along High- way 187, D. Beetle 50-344. Helisoma suhcrenatum (Carpenter) : Flagg Ranch, D. Beetle 55-454 ; Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-456 ; Gros Ventre Slide, D. Beetle 54-468. Helisoma suhcrenatum disjectiim (Cooper) : Gladel Creek, Levi. Planorhuln chrisiyi (Dall) : Signal Mountain Pond, D. Beetle 54-418. Dr. H. van der Schalie, who identified the Planor- hula, reports (personal communication) that it has only been found previously in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas. The snail was abundant in this pond, climbing on the vegetation and floating at the surface. Collections made here on July 27, 1950, did not reveal its presence. Gyrauliis arcticus (Miiller) : Leigh Lake, on driftwood, Levi. OyrauUis similaris (Baker) : Snake River at the mouth of Flat Creek, Gregg. Gyrauhis vermicularis (Say) : General in the area. Carinifex jacksonensis Henderson: Coulter Bay Lake, D. Beetle 55-448 ; Jackson Lake, crawling on coarse gravel, Henderson ; Elk Island, A. Beetle 55-473; Snake River at Jackson Hole Station, D. Beetle 54-423. The specific identity of the following Physa is as accurate as is possible under the present nomenclatorially confused state of the genus : Physa ampullacea Gould: Northeast of Moran, Henderson; Elk Island, A. Beetle 55-477. Physa anatina Lea: Christian Meadows, D. Beetle 55-450; Pacific Creek, D. Beetle 55-466. Physa forsheyi Lea : Spring Creek near Moran, A. Beetle 50-373. Physa gyrina Say: General in the area. Physa sayi warreniana Lea : Two Ocean Lake, Beetle and Beetle 50-371. Physa warreniana gouldi Clench : Snake River near Moran, Levi ; Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-499 ; Warm Springs near Moose, Levi ; Grand Canyon of the Snake, approximately i/^ mile south of Iloback, Gregg. Physa virgata traskii Lea : North of Moran, Henderson. Aplexa hypnornm Say: Swamps of Flat Creek along Highway 187, Henderson. Amnicola rohusta Walker : Jackson Lake, Henderson ; Elk Island, A. Beetle 55-479 ; In the digestive tract of a Rosyside Sucker taken at the foot of Jackson Lake Dam, Bangham. Fluminicola fusca Haldeman : Snake River south of Wilson, Roscoe ; Snake River at Flat Creek, Gregg. Valvata humeralis calif ornica Pilsbry: Jackson Lake, Hender- son. 18 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) SPECIES PLANT ASSOCIATION | ex. 5 85 •vl kj -J V3 i * ^3 «»: ki OREOHCLIX SUBRUOIS 7 A 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 20NirorDES ARBOREUS 7 4 6 2 4 1 1 1 1 VITRINA ALASKANA 7 S 5 2 4 1 1 1 I EUCONULUS FULVUS ALASfENSIS 3 2 2 1 3 1 1 DISCUS CRONKHITEI 4 4 3 3 ' 1 EUCONULUS FULVUS 2 1 1 2 DISCUS SHIMEKI Z 2 1 1 PUNCTUM MINUriSSIMUM 3 ' 1 2 1 1 VALLONIA CVCLOPHORELLA 2 2 2 1 ' 1 VERTIGO CONCINNULA 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 PUPILLA HEBES ' 1 1 VERTIGO MOOESTA 1 1 V. MOOESTA PARIETALIS 2 Z MICROPHYSULA INGERSOLLI 1 1 COLUMELLA ALTICOLA 1 1 1 RETINELLA BIMNEVANA OCCIOENTALIS 1 OEROCERAS LAEVE 2 1 PUPILLA MUSCORUM 3 1 VALLONIA ALBULA 1 VALLONIA GRACILICOSTA 2 SUCCINEA AVARA 2 1 1 PUPILLA BLANOI 2 2 ZOOOENETES HARPA 1 Z VERncO COULDI COLORADENSIS 1 2 1 CIONELLA LUBRICA 1 RETINELLA CLECTRIMA 2 1 OXYLOMA OECAMPI GOULDI 4 1 2 SUCCINEA GROSVENORI 1 OEROCERAS LAEVE CRACILE 1 DISCUS SHIMEKI COCITERELLI 1 1 1 1 VERTIGO GOULDI BASIDENS 1 OREOHELIX STRICOSA OEPRESSA 2 TOTAL NUMBER OF 3PECIES PER HABITAT 25 16 16 10 10 9 8 7 7 S 2 THE NUMBERS INDICATE TIMES A SPECIES WAS PRESENT IN A HABITAT, BUT NOT THE FRCQUENCV OF INDIVIDUALS July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 19 Valvata lewisii helicoidea Dall: Swan Lake, Baxter and D. Beetle 55-445 ; Two Ocean Lake, D. Beetle 55-458. Valvata sincera Say : Elk Island, A. Beetle 55-478. Hydrohia greggi Pilsbry : Snake River at the junction of Hoback Creek, Gregg. Prior to 1956, the locality, Moran, refers to the town at the foot of Jackson Lake Dam. This town is being relocated farther north on Highway 87-287. Aspen groves provided the most favorable habitat for ter- restial snails. The groves are of limited extent, occurring as narrow bands or clumps around a valley between the sagebrush and grass below and the coniferous forest above, or in openings in the forest. Furthermore, the groves must be divided into two ecotypes. According to Dr. John F. Reed, in a paper on the vegetation of Jackson Hole Wildlife Park, two distinct types of aspen community occur there, and this seems true of the rest of the county. The aspen groves adjacent to meadows or water or in an opening in the coniferous forest are characterized by closed canopies, moist subsoil, and a lush undergrowth of shrubs, herbs and grasses. Dr. Reed has identified seventy-eight species of vascular plants in this assemblage. Twenty-five species of ter- restial gastropods occur under these conditions. Stands on arid slopes are usually very dry, especially in mid- summer and early fall. The exposure is generally toward the south, and the drainage is rapid. Only thirty-eight species of vascular plants have been found within these groves. Oreohelix suhrudis, Vallonia cyclophorella, Vitrina alaskana, and a broken shell of Pupilla were seen. The first two speciies are also to be seen under similarly xeric conditions in the sagebrush and under talus of sedimentary rock. An aspen grove on a morainal deposit at Signal Mountain Pond yielded sixteen species of gastropods, the greatest number seen in any particular grove. Almost all these species could be found under the bark and debris beneath any decaying aspen log. The animals were scattered apparently at random, seem- ingly without competition for food or space. In the leaf litter between logs, only Oreohelix siihrudis and Discus cronkhitei were encountered. As should be borne in mind, 1954 and 1955 oc- curred in a period of dry years. Spruce fir forests lie in moist pockets of the mountain ranges. 20 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) usually on the north slopes. In this community, mollusks are generally confined to seeps, moist protected areas, and the banks of mountain rivulets, preferably where shrubs and an occasional hardwood tree grow. Sixteen species were identified from this assemblage. The river bottoms, with an edging of cottonwoods and an undergrowth of willow and grasses also yielded sixteen species. Snails were scattered widely through the leaf litter, debris, in the grass and even under cobblestones piled in the dry section of the river beds. This habitat is probably less mesic than might appear, as the cottonwoods form an open canopy. In places along the rivers and lakes and in wet meadows, dense thickets of willow form a growth approximately ten feet high. In the thick piles of moldering leaves, ten species of mollusks live. Lodgepole pine forest and the sagebrush communities occupy the largest areas in the county. While only two species were found in the sagebrush, ten species were found in the lodgepole, these in limited quantities. The dense young stands of lodge- pole admit almost no understory of plants and no snails. Mature forests are dry and open with a more abundant under- story. Snails were most likely to be located under decaying logs, particularly hardwoods, and not in the pine duff. Grassy areas along ditches and in meadows yielded eight species. These usually lived under stones and old logs in the area. Exceptions were Oxyloma decampi gouldi w^hich crawls about on the rushes and grasses in damp places, and Oreohelix suhrudis which is to be found at the base of plants in the scant protection afforded. Six species were found in small patches of Sphagnum bog. Here the mollusks w^re crawling through the moss. Under the rather arid conditions that prevail in Wyoming, moisture appears to be the limiting factor in the distribution of terrestial gastropods. United States Weather Bureau Statistics (1950) of the annual average precipitation within the twenty- three counties range from 6.47 to 20.77 inches. Other conditions being equal, hardwoods, particularly aspen, provide a preferred habitat. Limestone or sedimentary rocks offer a more favor- able substratum than granitic rocks. Thirty-four species of terrestrial mollusca were identified, the most common being Zonitoides arhoreus, Discus cronkhitei, Oreo- July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 21 helix suhrudis, Vitrina alaskana, and Euconulus fulvus var. alaskensis. Aquatic habitats with a mud or silt bottom seemed to provide a more favorable location for fluvial species than did gravel or sand bottoms. The latter conditions may be a reflection of the swifter currents, leaving behind bare creek bed with a minimum of vegetation to provide food and shelter. Only live mollusks were counted as being present at any station, although dead ones washed down from other localities were often present. Thirty- nine species were collected, the most common being Pisidium casertanum, Lymnaea palustris and var. Wyoming ensis, Gyraulus vermicularis and Physa gyrina. Field work for this report was carried out during a week's stay in August of 1954 and 1955 at the Jackson Hole Biological Research Station. The author wishes to thank Dr. Alan A. Beetle for specimens he and his students have collected in the course of his studies at Jackson Hole. Mr. Ernest Roscoe, Dr. Herbert and Lorna Levi, Dr. Wendell Gregg and Dr. George Baxter have con- tributed material for identification and examination from their collections. Some of Dr. Junius Henderson's material in the University of Colorado was examined. Reverend H. B. Herr- ington identified the Sphaeriidae, and Mr. Roscoe identified the Oreohelix. References Baker, F. C. 1911. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Recent and Fossil. Chicago Acad. Sci. Spec. Publ. 3. DuNNEWALD, T. J. 1934. Wyoming Soil Groups Map, personal copy from the Department of Soils, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. Fryxell, F. M. 1951. U. S. C. S. Topographic Map of the Grand Teton National Park. Henderson, J. 1924. Univ. Colo. Studies 13 (2). Henderson, J. 1933. Nautilus, 47 (1) : 1-3. . 1936. Supplement Univ. Colo. Studies 23 (2). Levi, L. R. and Levi, H. W. 1951. Nautilus, 65 (2) : 60-65. PiLSBRY, H. A. 1939-1948. Land Mollusca of North America. North of Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Mono- graphs 3. Reed, J. F. 1952. American Midland Naturalist, 48 (3) : 700- 729. 22 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Wyoming Dept. Agriculture. 1952. Agricultural and In- dustrial Production and Miscellaneous Statistical Report. CATALOGUE OF THE LAND MOLLUSCA OF ARGENTINA By J. J. PARODIZ (Continued from April number) Protoglyptus munsteri (Orbigny). Bulimus m. Orb., 1837, p. 14, figs. 4-7. Type loc. : Cordillera W. of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Distr. : S. Bolivia ; Salta. P. crepundia (Orbigny). Helix (Cochlogena) c. Orb., 1835, p. 14; Bulimulus (P.) c. Pilsbry, 1897, p. 90. Type loc. : Llanos de Chiquitos, Bolivia. Distr. : S. Bolivia ; E. Salta. P. punctustriatus Parodiz, 1946, p. 6, fig. 2. Type loc. : Puesto Viejo, Jujuy. P. ramosae, Hylton Scott, 1952, p. 23, fig. 6. Type loc. : Pocitos, Salta. P. {Ri)natula) montivagiis (Orbigny). Helix (Cochlogena) m. Orb., 1835, p. 14; Bulimulus (P.) m. Pilsbry, 1897, p. 90. Type loc: Cavallu Cuatia, N.W. Entre Rios. Distr.: S. Brazil; Bolivia; Paraguay; Tucuman; Stgo. del Estero, Entre Rios, Corrientes. P. (R.) oxylahris (Doering). Bulimulus (Scutalus) o. Doer., 1879, p. 65. Type loc. : Sierra Chica, Cordoba. Distr. : N.W. Cordoba. Bid. centralis Doering is the same species. P. (P.) pollonerae (Ancey). Bulimulus p. Anc, 1897, pi. 17, fig. 10; Bulimulus (P.) p. Pilsbry, 1901, p. 148. Type loc. : San Lorenzo, Jujuy. Distr.: E. Jujuy, Salta. P. {Ohstrussus) rocayanus (Orbigny). Helix r. Orb., 1835, p. 13 ; Bulimulus r. Pilsbry, 1897, p. 321, pi. 44, figs. 4-5. Type loc. : Woods along Rio Grande, Bolivia. Distr. : Bolivia ; Salta. P. (0.) chacoensis (Ancey). Bulimulus montivagus c. Anc, 1879, p. 16 (not B. c. Preston = Drymaeus horellii Anc) ; P. (0.) c. Parodiz, 1946, pi. 1, fig. 9. Type loc: Caiza, Bolivia. Distr. : Salta. Peronaeus scalarioides (Philippi). Bulimulus s. Phil., 1867, p. 67; P. s. Parodiz, 1946, p. 336, pi. 2, fig. 8. Type loc. : Conchuco, Peru. Distr. : Catamarca. P. famatinus (Doering). Bulimulus (P.) /. Doer., 1879, p. 63. P. /. Parodiz, 1947, p. 339, pi. 1, fig. 3. Type loc: Sierra Velazco, La Rioja. P. calchaquinus (Doering). Bulimulus (P.) c. Doer., 1879, p. 64. Type loc : Sierra Belen, Catamarca. References under famatimis, Par. 1947. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 23 p. monticola (Doering). Bulimulus m. Doer., 1879, p. 69; P. m. Parodiz, 1947, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 4. Type loc. : Sierra de Grana- dillos, Famatina, Catamarca. Distr. : Catamarca, Mendoza, San Juan, (La Rioja ?). P. cordillerae (Strobel). Bulimulus (Mesemhrinus) c. Str., 1874, p. 22, pi. 1, fig. 3 ; P. c. Parodiz, 1947, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 5. Type loc. : Villavieencio, Mendoza. Distr. : Mendoza, San Juan. P. (Lissoacme) albicans (Broderip). Bulimus a. Brod., 1832, p. 105; P. (L.) a. Parodiz, p. 339. Type loc: Copiapo, Chile. Distr. : San Juan. P. (L.) toraUyi draparnaudi (Pfeiffer). Bulimulus d. Pfr., 1846, p. 113; P. (L.) t. d. Parodiz, 1947, p. 18. Type loc.: Chilon, Bolivia. Distr. : Bolivia ; Salta, Jujuy. P. {L.) t. nigroumhilicatus (Preston). Bulimulus (Drymaeus) n. Preston, 1907, p. 491 (homonym: P. (L.) t. n. Parodiz, 1947, p. 20, fig. 10). Type loc: Embarcacion, Salta. Distr.: Bolivia ; Salta, Jujuy. P. (L.) t. corrugaUis Parodiz, 1947, p. 19, pi. 1, fig. 9. Type loc. : Villa Nogues, Tucuman. P. (L.) t. avus Parodiz, 1947, p. 20. Type loc. : Cachi, Salta. P. (L.) tortoranus (Doering), 1879, p. 71; P. (L.) t. Parodiz, 1947, p. 12. Type loc: Sierra Pocho, Cordoba. Distr.: S. Catamarca, Cordoba, San Luis, (E. La Rioja ?). P. {L.) mendozanus (Strobel). Bulimulus (Eudioptus) m. Str., 1874, p. 23; P. (L.) m. Parodiz, 1947, p. 26. Type loc: Vil- lavieencio, Mend. P. (L.) azulensis (Doering). Eudioptus mendozanus azulensis Doering, 1881, p. 62; P. (L.) a. Parodiz, 1947, p. 27. Type loc. : Cerro Sotoya, between Azul and Olavarria, Buenos Aires. Distr. : Sierras of Tandil and La Ventana. E. m. honaerensis Doer., 1884, p. Ill from Cerro Las Aguilas, Tandil, is only a form of azulensis. Another related species is the very rare ^'Bulimus fayssianus" Petit de la Saussaye, 1853, p. 251, from the ''zone of the Plata." If proved all these are one and the same species, then the name fayssianus shall have priority. P. (L.) curamalalensis, new name pro Bulimulus honaerensis Holmberg, 1909, p. 10 (not Eudioptus mendozanus honaerensis Doer., now syn. of P. (L.) azulensis Doer.) ; P. (L.) honaeren- sis Parodiz, 1947, p. 22, pi. 1, figs. 11-12. The name Buli- mulus honariensis (Rafinesque) is to be maintained on account of its different spelling. P. (L.) horellii (Ancey). Bulimuhis h. Anc, 1895, p. 13; Drymaeus h. Pilsbry 1898, p. 279, pi. 26, figs. 77-78. Type loc. : Mission San Francisco, Pilcomayo River. Distr. : Jujuy. P. (L,) aguirrei (Doering). Eudioptus a. Doer., 1884, p. 112; P. (L.) a. Parodiz, 1947, p. 24. Type loc. : Sierra Tandil, S. Buenos Aires. Distr. : Buenos Aires, S.E. La Pampa. 24 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) P. (L.) ameghinoi (Ihering). Bulimulus a. Ih., 1908, p. 430; P. (L.) a. Parodiz, 1947, p. 23. Type loc. : Ravines of Arroyo Chapalmalal, Buenos Aires (pleistocene). Distr. : (living) along the coast from Gulf San Matias to Sanguinetto Bay, Santa Cruz. Pa. (L.) a. madrynensis (Parodiz), 1944, p. 3 (as Bulimulus (L.) ; P. (L.) a. m. Parodiz, 1947, p. 24. Type loc: El Dora- dillo, near Puerto Madryn, Golfo Nuevo, Chubut. P. (L.) climacographus (Holmberg). Bulimulus (Mesemhrinus) c. Hoi., 1912, p. 147; P. (L.) c. Parodiz, 1947, p. 15. Type loc. : Rio de las Piedras, Salta. Distr. : Salta, Tucuman. P. (L.) reedi Parodiz, 1947, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 6. Type loc. : La Cueva, Mendoza. P. (L.) puntanus Parodiz, 1947, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 8. Type loc: Cerro del Morro, N.E. San Luis. P. (L.) hirabeni Hylton Scott, 1948, p. 272, figs. 4-10. Type loc : Embarcacion, N.E. Salta. Platyhostryx "^ cuyana (Strobel). Helix c. Str., 1874, p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 2; Bostryx (P.) c. H. Scott, 1954, p. 408, figs. 5-6. Type loc. : Villavicencio, Mendoza. Distr. : Pre-cordillera of Mendoza. P. doelloi (Hylton Scott). Bostryx (P.) d. H. Scott, 1954, p. 412, figs. 1-4. Type loc : Cerro Pelado, Mendoza. Kuschelenia simulans Hylton Scott, 1951, p. 539, figs. 1-4. Type loc: Potosi, S. Bolivia. Distr.: Bolivia; Peru; probably N. Argentina. Plectostylus mariae S. T. Brooks, 1936, p. 124, fig. 1. Type loc : San Esteban, S. Chile. Distr.; Neuquen. Syn: P. argeyitinensis Parodiz, 1951, p. 334, 1 fig. from San Martin de Los Andes, Neuquen. Drymaeus ahyssorum (Orbigny). Helix a. Orb., 1835, p. 17; D. a. Pilsbry, 1898, p. 192. Type loc : Pampa Ruiz, Rio Grande, Bolivia. Distr. : Bolivia ; Jujuy. D. papyraceus (Mawe). Helix p. Mawe, 1823, p. 168; D. p. Pilsbry, 1898, p. 250. Type loc. : Probably Rio de Janeiro. Distr.: Brazil; Uruguay; Corrientes, Entre Rios, Martin Garcia Island in La Plata River. D. p. papyrif actus Pilsbry, 1898, p. 252, pi. 51, figs. 4—5. Type loc. : Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Distr. : Brazil, Uruguay, Buenos Aires. D. hygrohylaeus (Orbigny). Helix h. Orb., 1835, p. 18; D. k. Pilsbry, 1898, p. 194. Type loc. : North of Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Distr. : Salta, Jujuy. D. harringtoni Marshall, 1930 is the same sp. 4 The type of Bostryx [Bulimus (Bostryx) solutus Troschel] is entirely distinct from that of the type of Platybostryx [Bostryx crcmothauma FilshTy = Helix reentsi Phil.]. Here are separated as different genera rather than subgenera. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 25 D. hyltoni, new name pro D. alahastrinus H. Scott, 1952, p. 25 (not D. alahastrinus Da Costa, 1907). Type loc. : Tartagal, Salta. D. poecilus (Orbigny). Helix (Cochlogena) p. Orb., 1835, p. 11; D. p. Pilsbry, 1898, p. 285. Type loc: Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Distr. : E. Bolivia to Catamarca, Argentina. D. p. p. is p. major Orb. D. p. minor (Orbigny). Bulimus p. m. Orb., 1837, p. 268, pi. 31, fig. 6. Type loc. : Along Rio Grande between Sta, Cruz and Chuquitos, Bolivia. Distr. : E. Bolivia to Paraguay River. D. p. ictericus (Ancey). Bulimuhis p. i. Anc, 1892, p. 92. Type loc. : Matto Grosso, Brazil. Distr. : Eastern margin of Paraguay River. This subspecies belongs to figs. 5 and 9 in Orbigny, 1837. D. oreades (Orbigny). Helix o. Orb., 1835, p. 11; Z>. o. Pilsbry, 1897, p. 277, pi. 44, figs. 95-96. Type loc: ''near San Roque," Corrientes. Distr.: N.E. Argentina; S. Brazil. D. lynchi Parodiz, 1946, p. 1, pi. 1, figs. 1-3. Type loc. : Pozo de Vargas, between Rivers Parapet! and Grande, Bolivia. Distr. : E. to Matto Grosso ; S. to the Argentine border. D. interpunctus (Martens). Btdimulus i. Mart., 1866, p. 161; D. i. Pilsbry, 1898, p. 287. Type loc. : Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Distr. : S. Brazil ; Uruguay, Misiones. Cyclodontina {Spixia) spixii (Orbigny). Helix s. Orb., 1835, p. 21; C. (8.) s. Parodiz, 1944, p. 5. Type loc: Chiquitos, Bolivia. Distr. : Bolivia ; Paraguay ; Brazil ; Salta, Santiago del Estero. C. (S.) s. major (Orbigny). Helix s. m. Orb., 1835, p. 21; Odontostomus {8.) s. m. Parodiz, 1942, p. 201, fig. 7. Type loc. : (selected) Vicinity of Santa Lucia River, Corrientes. Distr. : S.E. Bolivia ; Paraguay ; Corrientes, Misiones, Salta. C. (8.) s. minor (Orbigny). 1835, p. 21; 0. (8.) 8. m. Parodiz, 1942, p. 201, pi. 2, fig. 9. Type loc: Between Sto. Corazon and San Juan, Chiquitos, Bolivia. Distr. : Parana, Entre Rios, subfossil, pleistocene. C. (8.) alvarezi (Orbigny). Helix a. Orb., 1835, p. 22; 0. (8.) a. Parodiz, 1942, p. 202, pi. 2, fig. 10 (text fig. 2). Type loc: Feliciano, Entre Rios. Distr.: Cordoba, Stgo. del Estero, E. Rios. C. (8.) cala Hylton Scott, 1952, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 2. Type loc: Copacabana, Cordoba. C. (8.) charpenUeri (Grateloup). Bulimus c. Grat. in Pfeiffer, 1850, p. 14; C. (8.) c. Parodiz, 1946, p. 11, figs. 3-5. Type loc. : Cordoba. Distr. : San Luis, Cordoba, Catamarca ; Uru- guay ; subfossil in pleistocene of Buenos Aires and holocene of Cordoba. C. {8.) kuhnholtziana (Crosse). Bulimus k. Cr., 1870, p. 301; 0. (8.) k. Parodiz, 1942, p. 324, pi. 4, fig. 30. Type loc: 20 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Montevideo. Distr. : Uruguay ; closely related to the Spixia of Cordoba. C. (S.) columellaris (Parodiz). Odontosiomus (S.) c. Par., 1941, p. 94, pi. 7, figs. 1-4 and 6-7. Type loc. : Minas de Cobre, Cordoba. C. (S.) philippii (Doering). Odontostoimis p. Doer., 1875, p. 456; 0. (S.) p. Parodiz, 1942, p. 205, pi. 4, fig. 29 (text fig. 4). Type loc. : Granitic hills near Totoral, Cruz del Eje, Cordoba. Distr. : Sierras of N.E. Cordoba. C. (S.) duhia Hylton Scott, 1948, p. 235, pi. 1, figs. 9-10. Type loc. : Cerro Colorado, S.E. Salta. C. (S.) maculosa (Doering). Odontostomus m. Doer., 1875, p. 455; 0. (S.) m. Parodiz, 1942, p. 205, pi. 4, fig. 32 (text fig. 5). Type loc. : Valle del Arroyo Reduccion, Sierra Chica, Cordoba. Distr.: Cordoba, (San Luis ?). C. (S.) pyriformis (Pilsbry). Odontosiomus {S.) p. Pils., (n.n. pro Bulimus (0.) doeringi Kobelt, 1882, not doeringi Kob., 1878 = phUippii), 1901, p. 72, figs. 71-72. Type loc. : ''Sierra de Cordoba," probably mislabelled since the species is not found in Cordoba. Distr. : Tucuman, Salta. C. (S.) tumuloruyn (Doering). Odontostomus t. Doer., 1875, p. 456; 0. {S.) t. Parodiz, 1942, p. 211, pi. 2, fig. 12.^ Type loc. : Western slope of Sierra de la Rioja. Distr. : Cordoba, La Rioja. C. (S.) t. champaquiana (Doering). Odontostomus champaqui- amis Doer., 1877, p. 249; 0. (8.) t. c. Parodiz, 1942, p. 213, pi. 2, figs. 11, 14. Type loc. : Cerro Champaqui, Cordoba. Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis, Catamarca, La Rioja. C. (S.) t. profundidens (Doering). Odontostomus p. Doer., 1875, p. 455; 0. (S.) t. p. Parodiz, 1942, p. 213, pi. 2, figs. 13, 16. Type loc. : Sierra Achala, Cordoba. Distr. : W. Cordoba. C. (S.) pyrgula Hylton Scott, 1952, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 1, pi. 3, figs. 1-2. Type loc. : Orcosuni, on the road to Dean Funes, N. Cordoba. C. (8.) pucarana (Doering). Odontostomus pucuranus Doer., 1875, p. 454; 0. (8.) p. Parodiz, 1942, p. 214, pi. 4, figs. 35- 36. Type loc. : Valley of Rio Primero. Distr. : W. Cordoba. C. (8.) pucarana olainensis (Doering). 0. o. Doer., 1875, p. 454; 0. (;Sf.) 0. Parodiz, 1942, p. 216, pi. 4, fig. 35. Type loc: Pampa de Olaen, high plateau of Sierra Grande, Cordoba. C. (8.) doello-juradoi (Parodiz). Odo7itostomus d-j. Par., 1941, p. 93, pi. 7, figs. 11, 14, 15, 18. Type loc. : Casa Grande, be- tween Cosquin and La Falda, western slope of Sierra Chica, Cordoba. C. (8.) d-j. minor (Parodiz). 0. (8.) d-j. m. Par., 1941, p. 94, pi. 7, fig. 17. Type loc. : Pampa de Pocho, Cordoba Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis. C. (8.) martensi (Doering). Odontostomus m. Doer., 1875, p. 456; 0. {8.) m. Parodiz, 1942, p. 323, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type loc: July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 27 Totoral, Cordoba. Distr. : Cordoba, Catamarca, Tueuman ; Uruguay, ( pleistocene ) . C. (8.) tucumanensis (Parodiz). 0. (8.) t. Par., 1941, p. 92, pi. 7, figs. 10-12, 13, 16. Type loc. : Margins of Rio Sail, near Tueuman city; subfossil in pleistocene of Parana, Entre Rios. C. (8.) riojana (Doering). Odontostomus r. Doer., 1875, p. 454; 0. (^S'.) r. Parodiz, 1942, p. 327, pi. 4, fig. 33. Type loc: Sierra La Rioja. C. (8.) reticulata (Doering). 0. r. Doer., 1877, p. 250; 0. (8.) r. Parodiz, 1942, p. 207, pi. 4, fig. 37. Type loc. : Heights of Tablada and Plumeria, eastern slope of Sierra Aconjigasta, Cordoba. Distr. : N.W. Cordoba, Catamarca. C. (8.) aconjigastana (Doering). 0. a. Doer., 1877, p. 245; 0. (8.) a. Parodiz, 1942, p. 209, pi. 4, fig. 34. Type loc. : Sierra Aconjigasta. Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis. C. (8.) multispirata (Doering). 0. m. Doer., 1877, p. 245; 0. (8.) m. Parodiz, 1942, p. 210, pi. 4, fig. 31. Type loc: Aconjigasta, Cordoba. C. (8.) pervarians (Haas). 0. (8.) p. Haas, 1936, p. 151; Parodiz, 1942, p. 210. Type loc: Sierra de Achala, N.W. Cordoba (not ^'Salta"). C. (8.) Jwlmhergi (Parodiz). 0. (8.) h. Par., 1941, p. 92, pL 7, figs. 2, 5, 8, 9. Type loc : Minas de Cobre, Cordoba. C. (8.) chancanina (Doering). Bulijnus (0.) c. Doer., 1876, p. 248; C. (8.) c. Parodiz, 1948, p. 1, figs. 1-3. Type loc: Chancani, W. of Sierra de Pocho, Cordoba. C. (>S'.) achalana (Doering). 0. a. Doer., 1877, p. 243; 0. (8.) a. Parodiz, 1942, p. 326, fig. 23. Type loc: Quebrada Musi, Sierra de Achala, Cordoba. C. (8.) popana (Doering). 0. p. Doer., 1877, p. 244; 0. (8.) p. Parodiz, 1942, p. 328. Type loc. : Cerro de Popa, Sierra de Pocho, Cordoba. Distr. : W. Cordoba, Catamarca. C. (8.) herghi (Doering). 0. h. Doer., 1877, p. 246; 0. (8.) h. Parodiz, 1942, p. 329, pi. 3, fig. 26. Type loc. : N.W. Cordoba. C. (8.) salinicola (Doering). 0. s. Doer., 1877, p. 247; 0. (8.) s. Parodiz, 1942, p. 330, pi. 2, fig. 23. Type loc. : Salinas Chancani, Cordoba. C (8.) koheltiana (Doering). Bulimiis k. Doer, in Kobelt, 1888, p. 291; 0. (8.) k. Parodiz, 1942, p. 331, text fig. 14. Type loc. : Not indicated. Distr. : Few specimens from Salta, aff. to koheltiana. C. {8pixinella) parodizi Hylton Scott, 1952, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 3, text fig. 3. Type loc. : Casas Viejas, Cordoba. C. (Bahiensis) guarani (Orbigny). Helix g. Orb., 1835, p. 21; Odontostomus (B.) g. Parodiz, 1942, p. 332, pi. 3, fig. 25, text fig. 15. Type loc. : On Parana River at Corrientes-Misiones border (probably Ituzaingo and Posadas). Distr.: Corrientes, Misiones ; Paraguay. 28 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) C. (Ventania) avcllanedae (Doering). Eudioptus a. Doer., 1881, p. 64; Odontostomus {V .) a. Parodiz, 1940, p. 227, figs. 1, 2, 5. Type loc. : Sierra Ventana, S.W. Buenos Aires. Distr. : Sierras Ventana, de las Tunas, Currumalal. C. (Plagiodontes) dentata (Wood). Helix d. Wood, 1828, pi. 8, fig. 71; Odontostomus (P.) d. Parodiz, 1939, p. 715, pi. 1, fig. g. Type loc. : Not indicated. Distr. : Entre Rios, N.E. Buenos Aires; Uruguay. C (P.) d. teisserei (Marshall). Odontostomus (P.) t. Mars., 1930, p. 718; 0. (P.) d. t. Parodiz, 1939, p. 717. Type loc: Punta Chaparro, Uruguay. C. (P.) rocae (Doering). Plagiodontes r. Doer., 1881, p. 65, pi. 1, figs. 5-6; 0. (P.) r. Parodiz, 1939, p. 718, text. fig. 3. Type loc. : S. slope of Sierra Currumalal, S.W. Buenos Aires. Distr. : Sierras de la Ventana and Currumalal ; Pigiie. C (P.) patagonica (Orbigny). Helix p. Orb., 1835, p. 32; 0. (P.) p. Parodiz, 1939, p. 720, pi. 1, fig. f. Type loc: Bahia Blanca. Distr. : S.W. Buenos Aires, and pleistocene of some region. C. (P.) p. magna (Hylton Scott). Plagiodontes p. ynagnus H. Scott, 1952, p. 18, figs. 4-5. Type loc. : Sierra Ventana, S.W. Buenos Aires. C. (P.) multipUcata (Doering). 0. m. Doer., 1875, p. 196; 0. (P.) m. Parodiz, 1939, p. 718, pi. 1, fig. c Type loc: Cerro Chepe, La Rioja. Distr. : La Rioja, Catamarca, Cordoba, Santiago del Estero. C. (P.) m. crassa Hylton Scott, 1948, p. 236. Type loc. : Cerro Colorado, Salta. C. (P.) m. parva (Hylton Scott). P. m. parvus H. Scott, 1952, p. 17, pi. 1, fig. 4. Type loc. : India Muerta, Asusques, Stago. del Estero. C. (P.) daedalea (Deshayes). Pupa d. Desli. in Ferussac, 1820, p. 217 ; 0. (P.) d. Parodiz, 1939, p. 721, pi. 1, figs, a, b, text fig. 6. Type loc : ?. Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis, Catamarca, Stago. del Estero, Tucuman. C. (P.) d. major (Strobel). Bulimus (0.) d. m. Str., 1874, p. 16; 0. (P.) d. m. Parodiz, 1939, p. 722, pi. 1, fig. b. Type loc. : Cerro del Morro, San Luis. C. (P.) d. costata (Hylton Scott). P. d. c. H. Scott, 1952, p. 16. Type loc. : Copacabana, Cordoba. C. (P.) hrackehuschi (Doering). 0. h. Doer., 1877, p. 240; 0. (P.) h. Parodiz, 1939, p. 728. Type loc: San Francisco, Sierra de San Luis. Distr. : San Luis, Cordoba, Santiago del Estero. C. (P.) weyemherghi (Doering). Plagiodontes iv. Doer., 1875, p. 241 ; 0. (P.) w. Parodiz, 1939, p. 728. Type loc. : Sierra de Aconjigasta, Cordoba. Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis, Santiago del Estero. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 29 C. (F.) w. minor (Parodiz). 0. (P.) w. m. Par., 1939, p. 729, pi. 1, d. Type loc. : Capilla del Monte, Cordoba. C. {Scalar inella) cordovana (Pfeiffer). Bulinuis cordovanus Pfr., 1855, p. 149; 0. (S.) c. Pilsbry, 1901, p. 66. Type loc.: Cordoba, Argentina, (the designation of "Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico" by Pfr. was a mistake). Distr. : Sierras of N. Cordoba. C (S.) c. stelzneri (Doering). Clessinia stelzneri Doer., 1875, p. 250; 0. (S.) c. s. Parodiz, 1939, p. 732. Type loc: Serre- zuela, Cordoba. C. (S.) c. striata (Parodiz). 0. {8.) c. s. Par., 1939, p. 733. Type loc. : Sierras of northern Cordoba. C. (S.) nattkemperi Parodiz, 1944, p. 1, fig. 1. Type loc: Pomancillo, near Catamarca, city. Pilshrylia paradoxa Hylton Scott, 1952, p. 6, lam. 1, fig. 2. Type loc. : Las Capillas, Jujuy. Odontost omits odont ostomies jorgensenianus Holmberg. 0. (Ma- crodontes) j. HoL, 1912, p. 15, figs. 11-13; M. o. j. Parodiz, 1942, p. 338, pi. 3, fig. 24. Type loc: Bompland, Misiones. Distr. : Misiones ; Paraguay. Pleurodontidae Solaropsis heliaca minor (Orbigny). Helix h. m. Orb., 1837, p. 244; H. (S.) h. Pilsbry, 1889, p. 185. Type loc: Surround- ings of Laguna Ibera, N. Corrientes. Distr. : Corrientes, Misiones, Chaco, Formosa; Paraguay; E. Bolivia. Helminthoglyptidae Epiphragmopliora trenquelleonis (Grateloup). Helix t. Grat. in Pfeiffer, 1851, p. 13 ; E. t. Pilsbry, 1888, p. 82. Type loc : Cordoba. Distr. : Cordoba, San Luis, Stgo. del Estero, La Rioja, Catamarca, Salta. E. t. hidalgonis (Doering). Helix (Eurycampta) Ji. Doer., Doer., 1875, p. 5. Type loc: Sierra Chica, Cordoba (probably near Cordoba city). E. t. rhathymos (Holmberg). Helix (Eurycampta) r. HoL, 1912, p. 20 [=E. monographa Doering; not H. monographa Burmeister which is the typical trenquelleonis] . Type loc : El Desmonte, Catamarca. Distr. : Catamarca, Cordoba, Salta. E. puntana (Holmberg). Helix {Coclilea-Eurycampta) p. HoL, 1912, p. 9. Type loc : Cerro Volcan, San Luis. Distr. : San Luis, Cordoba, La Rioja. E. hiraheni Parodiz, 1955, p. 93, fig. 1. Type loc. : Quebrada de la Hoyada, Catamarca. E. hieronymi Doering, 1875, p. 447. Type loc : Quebrada del Tala, Catamarca. Distr. : Catamarca, Cordoba, San Luis, La Rioja (= Aglaja yocotulana Doer., 1875, p. 446). 30 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) E. viUavilensis Parodiz, 1955, p. 94 fig. 1. Type loc. : Villavil, Depto. Andalgala, Catamarca. E. puella Hylton Scott, 1951, p. 253, figs. 1-3. Type loc. : Quebrada de la Cebila, Catamarca. E. proseni Hylton Scott, 1951, p. 258, fig. 3'. Type loc: Tum- baya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy. E. hemiclausa Hylton Scott, new name pro E. semiclausa H. Scott, 1951, p. 257, fig. 3- [not Lysinoe semiclausa Martens, 1869, now in E.]. The change of the name is made here by advice of the author of the species; therefore Hylton Scott retains authorship. Type loc. : La Vina, Catamarca. E. trigrammepliora (Orbigny). Helix t. Orb., 1835, p. 22; E. t. Ancey, 1897, p. 3, 10. Type loc. : Margins of Rio Grande, Bolivia. Distr. : Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, Santiago del Estero. E. t. cryptomphala Ancey. E. c. Anc, 1897, p. 4. Type loc. : Zone of River San Lorenzo, Jujuy. Distr. : S. Bolivia ; Jujuy, Salta. E. t. monozona Ancey, 1897, p. 3. Type loc. : Mission San Fran- cisco, Upper Pilcomayo, Bolivia. Distr.: Bolivia-Argentina border. E. tucumanensis (Doering). Aglaja estella t. Doer., 1874, p. 445 ; E. t. Pilsbry, 1894, p. 198. Type loc. : San Javier, Taf i, Tucuman. Distr. : W. Tucuman. E. argentina (Holmberg). Helix a. Hoi., 1909, p. 91. Type loc. : Tapia, Tucuman. Distr. : Tucuman, Santiago del Estero. E. saltana Ancey, 1897, p. 9, figs. 6-7. Type loc. : Tala, Salta. {To he concluded) TYPES OF MOLLUSKS DESCRIBED BY F. C. BAKER PART II, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN^ By DOROTHEA S. FRANZEN Illinois Wesleyan University In 1920 the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey induced Dr. Frank C. Baker to study and prepare a report of the fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. His studies of that fauna resulted in his describing numerous species and sub- species. Many of those holotypes and paratypes are deposited in the Museum of The Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, University of Wisconsin. Because there has been no 1 Expenses incurred in travel necessary to prepare this list have been covered by Grant-in-Aid of the Illinois State Academy of Science. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 31 listing of such, types, I have prepared the following list. The procedure has been that followed in the preparation of Part I of this series. Dr. Baker used the term type to designate the holotype, therefore, that term is used here and also as a means to conserve space as suggested by the editor. Gastropoda Amnicola greenensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 113-114, pi. 6, figs. 32, 33 ; text fig. 47, 13. Type : 4544. Paratype : 4545 ; also Univ. of 111. Z-16222. Type locality: Off Sherwood Forest Hotel, Green Lake, Green Lake Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker and C. Juday ! 2). Amnicola limosa superiorensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 101-102, pi. 6, figs. 9-11; pi. 7, figs. 22, 23. Type: 4529 (female). Paratypes: 4529 (two females); also Univ. of ni. Z-13375. Type locality : 1 mi. N. of Bayfield, Bayfield Co., Wis. on shore of Lake Superior (F. C. Baker! July, 1921). Campeloma hrevispirum Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 74-76, pi. 5, figs. 13-18; text fig. 32. Type: 4573 (female). Paratypes: 4573; also Univ. of 111. Z-18297. Type locality : Mouth of small creek, Mirror Lake, Fern Glen, Sauk Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1922). Cincinnatia emarginata lacustris Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 127-130, pi. 7, figs. 20, 21; text figs. 54, 3, 4 ; 55, 56. Type 4531 (male). Paratypes: 4531; also Univ. of 111. Z-12676. Type locality: Winnebago Lake, near Oshkosh, Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1920). Goniohasis livescens harronensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 186-187, pi. 9, figs. 33-36. Type: 4722a. Paratypes: 4722b; also Univ. of 111. Z-13430. Type locality: One and one-half mi. below bridge W. of Chetek, Red Cedar River, Barron Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! Aug. 1921). Goniohasis livescens michiganensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 183-184, pi. 9, figs. 27-32. Type : 4520a. Paratypes : 4520b. Type locality: Lake Michigan shore, E. of Sturgeon Bay, N. of Ship Canal, Door Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! Aug., 1922). 2 The collectors. 32 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) Helisoma antrosa shellensis Baker, 1927, Naut. 40 (3) : 86. Type: 4627. Paratypes: 4627; also Univ. of 111. Z-19354; A.N.S.P.2 141566. Type locality: Shell Lake, Washburn Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Lioplax suhcarinata wisconsinensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 50-52, pi. 3, figs. 1-9. Type : 437. Paratype : 437. Type locality: Fox River, Brown Co., Wis. (Geo. Marston!). Physella hayfieldensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 442-445, pi. 27, figs. 1-7, text fig. 194. Type: 4592. Paratypes: 4593; also Univ. of 111. Z-13398. Type locality: Pike Creek, near Bayfield, Bayfield Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Physella chetekensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 440-442, pi. 27, figs. 8-13, text fig. 193. Type : 4595. Paratypes : 4596 ; also Univ. of 111. Z-16696. Type locality: Moose Ear Creek, between Taber and Chetek lakes, Barron Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Physella laphami Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 420-424, pi. 25, figs. 1-5. Type: 4578a. Paratypes: 4578b. Type locality: Hancock, Waushara Co., Wis. (D. S. Bullock!). Physella ohrussoides Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 445-447, pi. 27, figs. 25-29, text fig. 195. Type: 4598. Paratypes: 4599. Type locality: Winnebago Lake, Hatchery Bay, Oshkosh, Winnebago Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Stagnicola walkeriana Baker, 1926, Naut. 39 (4) : 119-121. Type: 4695. Paratypes: 4695; also A.N.S.P. 140268; Univ. of 111. Z-19437. Type locality: Lake Superior, Madeline Island, near Bayfield, Bayfield Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Valvata tricarinata mediocarinata Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 17, pi. 1, fig. 7. Type : 4704. Paratype : Univ. of 111. Z-12773. Type locality : Lower Asylum Bay, Lake Winnebago, Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Valvata tvinnehagoensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (1) : 475-476, pi. 1, figs. 11-13. Lectotype (by present designation) : 4555a. Syntypes: 4555b. Type locality: North shore Miller Bay, Winnebago Lake, Wis. (F. C. Baker!). 3 Academy Natural Science of Philadelphia. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 33 Pelecypoda Alasmidonta calceolus magnalacustris Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 188-189, pi. 72, figs. 12-16; pi. 69, fig. 3. Type: 933a (female). Paratype : 933b (immature female); also Univ. of 111. Z-18056. Type locality: Sturgeon Bay, Door Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! Aug., 1922). Alasmidonta marginata variabilis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 194-196, pi. 69, figs. ^9. Lectotype (by present designation) : 935a (female). Syn- type : 935b (male). Paratypes: 935 c, d, e; also Univ. of 111. Z-18031. (933b, the other one of two shells designated by Baker as types, is hereby designated as a syntype. The other shells were designated by Baker as paratypes.) Type locality : Red Cedar River near Chetak, Barron Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! Aug., 1921). Anondontoides hirgei Baker, 1923, Naut. 36 (4) : 123-125. Type: 930a. Paratypes: 930b, c. Type locality: West of bridge. Sturgeon Bay, Door Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1922). Fiisconaia undata wagneri Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 64-66, pi. 40, figs. 1-3. Type: 344b. Paratypes: 344c, d; also Univ. of 111. Z-14016, Z-14017. Type locality : Lake Pepin, near Lake City, Minn. ( Geo. Wag- ner!). Lasmigona costata niida Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 145-147, pi. 59, figs. 3-6, text fig. 224. Type: 900 (male). Paratypes: 901, 902, 903, 904. Type locality: Red Cedar River, W. of Chetek, Barron Co., Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1921). Lasmigona costata pepinensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 144-145, pi. 59, figs. 1, 2. Type : 357. Paratype : 358. Type locality: Lake Pepin, Lake City, Wis. (George Wagner!). Lampsilis gracilis lacustris Baker, 1922, Naut. 35 (4), 131-132. Type : 964a. Paratypes : 964b, c, d, e ; also Univ. of 111. Z-12433. Type locality: Lake Butte des Morts, off Plummer's Point, Wis. (F. C. Baker!). Lampsilis siliquoidea chadwicki Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 279-281, pi. 91, figs. 5-8. Lectotype (by present designation) : 4413a (male). Syntype: 4413b (female). Paratypes: Univ. of 111. Z-22076. (4413b, the other one of two shells designated by Baker as types, is hereby 34 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) designated as a syntype. The other shells were designated by Baker as paratypes.) Type locality: Doemel Point, Winnebago Lake, near Oshkosh, Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1920). Lampsilis siliquoidea pepinensis Baker, 1927, Amer. Midi. Nat. 10, p. 223. Lectotype (by present designation) : 355p (female). Syn- type: 355e (male). Paratypes: Univ. of 111. Z-22075. (355e, the other one of two shells designated by Baker as types, is hereby designated as a syntype.) Type locality: Lake Pepin, near Lake City, Minn. (Geo. Wagner! 1904). Lampsilis ventricosa perglohosa Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 285-286, pi. 93, figs. 1-4. Type: 354a (male). Paratypes: 354b, c, d, e, g, 255. Type locality: Lake Pepin, near Lake City, Minn. (Geo. Wagner! 1904). Lampsilis ventricosa winnehagoensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 291-293, pi. 94, figs. 1-4. Type: 4423a (male). Paratype: 4423b (female); also Univ. of 111. Z-12244a, b. Type locality: Winnebago Lake, near Oshkosh, Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1920). Quadnda quadrula hullocki Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 87-88, pi. 46, figs. 1-3. Type: 163. Paratypes: 166, 167. Type locality: Fox River near De Pere, Wis. (Geo. Marston!). Sphacrium flavum foxense Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geo. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 344-345, pi. 97, figs. 27-29. Type : 4452. Paratypes : 4452. Type locality: Lake Butte des Morts near Plummer's Point, Winnebago Co., Wis. Sphaerium solidulum winnehagoense Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 324-325, pi. 97, figs. 4, 5, text fig. 252. Type: 4435. Paratype: 4435. Type locality : Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River Channel, Wis. Strophitus rugosus pepinensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hi.st. Survey 70 (2) : 204-205, pi. 74, fig. 8. Type: 362f. Type locality: Lake Pepin, near Lake City, Minn. (Geo. Wagner!). Strophitus rugosus winnehagoensis Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 205-207, pi. 74, figs. 1-6. Type : 943a. Paratype : 943b ; also Univ. of 111. Z-12292. July, 1957] THE NAUTILUS 3$ Type locality : Long Point Island, Lake Winnebago, Wis. (F. C.Baker!). Truncilla trtcncata lacustris Baker, 1928, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70 (2) : 227-228, pi. 78, figs. 1, 2. Type: 958. Paratype : 959. Type locality: Long Point Is., Lake Winnebago, Wis. (F. C. Baker! 1920). Utterhackia imhecillis fusca Baker, 1927, Amer. Midi. Nat. 10: 222. Type : 927a. Paratypes : 927b. Type locality: Sturgeon Bay, Door Co., Wis. GUY L. WILKINS: AN APPRECIATION By JOSEPH EWAN Guy Lawrence Wilkins, conchologist, artist, bibliophile, was little known personally to Americans because he did not visit the New World. For those of us who in recent years have visited the British Museum (Natural History) he will be long and affectionately remembered. I went to England in 1954, not as a conchologist, but as a botanist in search of letters, notebooks, and archive materials bearing on the history of natural history. I was introduced to Mr. Wilkins at the 'Canteen,' the social institution of the Museum where morning coffee, lunches, and teas are served to the staff and the public. Our British friends waggishly remark of this as one more break through of the Americanization process since the last war. The staff and visitors drop in for tea, a smoke, a chat, to discuss, to plan, to dissect, and for a few, to swap secondhand booksellers' cata- logues. It was perhaps in this last connection that I first 'found' Mr. Wilkins. To emend the motto on the library's facade, "books constrain none," except the bookcollector ! Vari- orum editions, states, and half morocco are collector's language, and o.p. are his middle initials. And Guy Wilkins was an avid collector of natural history titles, and of malacological books in particular. He loved fine books in fine bindings, and owned many. "I have had a few more books which are getting increasingly expensive and hard to get," he wrote me last July. "The re- print of Linne's 12th ed. Syst. Nat. (3 vols.) is the latest acquisi- 36 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (1) tion, very desirable but will have to be rebound, I fear. The British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Catalogue (8 vols.) fills a corner of my small room but very welcome — I managed to get a set just before they ran out of stock and put the price up for what is left. Another nice little thing was the history of the Orkneys (Wallace, 1700) with a good list of the plants also shells. It is in excellent condition (neatly repaired) but cost me £2. Ah me ! Why am I so tempted by these ancient things ? My best treasure recently was a priced copy of the Portland Catalogue (1786) complete with a portrait of the Duchess, most unusual to get that and the annotations were by Francillon, the goldsmith and entomologist." Wilkins knew the London libraries intimately, and made ex- tensive use of books and their marginalia, increment of past owners, in the preparation of his bibliographic papers. He pos- sessed a detailed knowledge of explorers and expeditions. He was an effective worker, modest and imaginative. To his co- workers at the Museum, he was friendly and good-humoured. To those who came to the Museum with shells to name, he was warm and sympathetic. Born November 5, 1905, at Stoke, Lewington, London, Mr. Wilkins started his working life as a commercial artist, and joined the British Museum in 1949. His skills acquired during his years as a commercial artist carried over to his professional career, and it is likely that the confining habits and close long hours of the drawing board impaired his health. He entered the hospital December, 1956, with granular eruptive tuberculosis and died March 6th, in his fifty-second year. He had recentlj^ modelled an exquisite series of marine invertebrates for a Scottish museum using newer techniques and colored by hand. Best known to the conchologist are his historical studies on the Sir Hans Sloane (1953) and Sir Joseph Banks (1955) shell collections at the British Museum, published in the recently inaugurated Bulletin of the Museum's Historical Scries. His earlier paper on Sloan's shells in the Journal of Conchology (1952), and his latest paper, "Notes on the 'Historia Con- chyliorum' of Martin Lister (1683-1712)," with a portrait, pub- lished in the Journal of the Society for the Bihliography of Nat- ural History (1957) will continue to be consulted. A third historical Bulletin on the shell collection of Rev. Clayton Mor- THE NAUTILUS Ul daunt Cracherode, 1730-1799, trustee of the British Museum, and antiquarian, is in press. For each of the historical studies already published he sketched a portrait as a cover medallion. Wilkins' attention to handwriting and to the interpretation of symbols (e.g. ''N. H. " for New Holland, or present New South Wales, when it appears on an occasional shell) will enhance the value of his work for future students. For me it shall be Guy Wilkins among his books, both of us listening to Alice, his charming wife, play the harpsichord, in their hearthside on Hampstead Heath — a precious memory. Wanted: Pectens (world-wide). Exchange or purchase. Can offer good marine specimens, many genera, with data. Gilbert Grau, 2457 Claremont Ave., Hollywood 27, Calif. For Exchange: Fine specimen shells, world wide. Nick Katsaras, 479-B South Washington Ave., Bergenfield, N. J. MIOCENE AGE FOSSH. SHARK TEETH: 5 fine specimens— $1.00, prepaid. R. T. Waters, 1383 East 26 Street, Brooklyn 10, New York. How TO Collect Shells: Published by the American Malacological Union. $1.00. Write: Margaret C. Teskey, Sect., P. O. Box 238, Marinette, Wis. IV THE NAUTILUS INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS Volumes 35-60 Compiled by Aurele La Eocque The index to The Nautilus for volumes 35 through 60 is now available for distribution. Copies may be procured from the University of Michigan Press, 311 Maynard Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The book is made up in the same format as the First Index, is cloth bound and divided into two sections, an author index and an index to genera and species. Pages : 322, frontispiece Price : $7.50 TRITON HELMET AND HARP SHELLS $5.00 EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS (Fourth revised edition) . . . 6.00 WORLD-WIDE SEA SHELLS COMBINED WITH THE ROCK SHELLS 6.00 A REVIEW OF THE VOLUTIDAE 6.00 All post-paid in U. S. A. AddresH author: MAXWELL SMITH, Box 126, Windermere, Florida THE XAITILI'S 71 (2) PLATE 2 The nautilus Vol. 71 OCTOBER, 1957 No. 2 DREDGING FOR DEEP WATER SHELLS IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA By PAUL L. and THOMAS L. McGINTY A growing interest in deep-sea shells, particularly in Florida, has encouraged the writers to record a few observations and notes concerning results obtained after five years of operation, and some 2000 dredging stations from aboard the cabin-cruiser ''Triton."* These explorations were made by Arthur R. Thompson, to- gether with the authors, from a 31 foot motor-vessel equipped with power winch holding 5000 feet of steel cable, and a swing- ing davit with block and tackle for bringing in the heavy dredges and trawls. Considerable dredging was done along the lower Florida east coast from Jupiter southward to the Miami region, and from various points along the Keys as far west as the Dry Tortugas. Greatest concentration was made at three points, namely: Palm Beach, representing the lower mainland; Som- brero Key, the middle Keys; and Key West, the lower Keys; all at depths ranging from 10 to more than 150 fathoms. Be- cause of a marked dissimilarity between conditions along the Keys and off the lower east coast, both as to shell life and type of bottom, we thought best to comment upon each region sepa- rately. Dredging Off the Palm Beach Area Between Miami and Palm Beach, where the Gulf Stream makes its closest approach to the mainland, the 100 fathom line runs only about 4 miles off shore, then gradually turns outward in progression up the coast. With this factor in mind, most of our dredgings were made between the Palm Beach Inlet south- ward to a point beyond Delray Beach, approximately 25 miles, * See Nautilus, Oct. 1951, pages 37-43. 37 38 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) and perhaps half that distance northward into the Jupiter area. Deep water close to shore provided a reasonable means of retreat in the event of sudden violent squalls, and permitted much saving of time in reaching and returning from the deeper dredging stations. It also enabled prominent shore bearings to remain visible, even in deep water, so that carefully taken compass bearings with subsequent triangulation upon marine charts made possible determination of depth and position with a considerable degree of accuracy. The latter, of vital importance in supplying accurate scientific habitat data for each dredge haul, also pro- vided means for returning to the same area should the dredge contain exceptional material. As every experienced fisherman knows of certain ' ' holes ' ' where the fishing is usually good, so will the dredger, through experience, learn of certain areas where the shell life is more abundant, or upon which the rarer, more desirable, species may appear. In the process, one also learns to avoid certain types of bottom which, for reasons not fully known, may contain an abundance of long dead shells, but be practically devoid of life at the moment. Progressing sea-ward from the beach the yellowish rather coarse sand (low in coral content since sizable corals are rare throughout the area, but largely composed of silica and finely broken shell) continued more or less unchanged until the reef was attained in approximately 15 fathoms, perhaps a mile off shore. This scattered rocky reef, rather poorly defined in depth and continuity, may be entirely lacking in some areas, but else- where continue outward to 40 fathoms or more. To the dredger, little of importance appeared, save littoral forms, until a depth of 20 to 40 fathoms over a ''live" portion of this reef was ap- proached where a most interesting and extremely variable mol- luscan life seemed to occur. With luck, from such a station, an incredible assortment of sea-life might be brought up in the dredge, ranging from many types of sea-weed to sponges of weird shape, from gorgonians to strangely shaped crabs and lovely brittle-stars, all brilliantly colored and seeming to cover the spectrum in the wildest sort of array. Even the mollusks appeared to follow the pattern, with orange, yellow and red far commoner than might be expected. A rather spiny form of Turho castaneus, beautifully shaded with various hues of rose, and the lovely and rare Conus juliae, in red, were typical ex- October, 1957] the nautilus 39 amples of the colorful shells which might be taken, on occasion, from this reef. Here also lived the vari-colored Pecten henedicti, Mitra liendersoni and M. moisei, the rare Primovula carnea and several recently described species of Calliostoma. Oddly, Scaphella jitnonia, not too uncommon along the v^est coast of Florida, proved to be extremely rare, although it did live upon this reef. An interesting race of small but apparently adult Xenopliora conchyliophora also was noted, the shells profusely covering themselves by attaching small irregularly shaped stones, but strangely never attaining the larger size of specimens found in shallower water. From sand pockets between scattered por- tions of the reef came delicate Feci en chazaliei {tereinus), to- gether with Corhula disparilis, a weirdly shaped little bivalve resembling nothing so much as a miniature box with tight fitting lid. Also brought up were a number of species which appear to be new northern records for the east coast of Florida, namely : Casmaria atlantica, Turbo canaliculatus, Tenagodus squamatus and Latirus infundihulum. Of course, after handling tons of this reef material, the reader must appreciate that here, as elsewhere in this paper, space permits mentioning but a few of the species which were actually found. The reef, unfortunately, is a most difficult territory to work, and great care must be used to avoid loss of dredge and cable should the equipment become snagged in the rocks below. This was particularly so because, vdth the Gulf Stream nearby, there was generally a rather strong current flow- ing northward. Frequently the dredge would surface so heavily filled with reddish rocks and material to be sorted that a davit was almost essential for hoisting the load into the boat. Be- cause of many irritants to the hands, such as sponge spicules, urchin spines, stinging corals and hydroids, plus various types of anemones, heavy canvas gloves were used while handling any large quantity of this material. Toward the outer edge of this rocky reef, in about 40 to 50 fathoms, the bottom contained more broken shell together with smaller detached rocks or rubble, gradually changing from sand to mud. The curious little Ancistro syrinx radiata, resembling a tiny oriental pagoda, lived in this softer bottom, as did Fusinus eucosminus and Terehra floridana. Moving outward to a range of 50 to 60 fathoms over isolated 40 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) rubble patches in quite muddy bottom, one might hope to bring up a specimen of Mitra antillensis, perhaps the largest and rarest of the West Indian miters. Conus stimpsoni, a pretty yellow species might be taken at this depth ; also Fusinus timessus and Antillophos heaui, both being new northern east coast records. Generally speaking however, unless some rocky rubble was pres- ent, dredging in this soft grey mud proved somewhat disappoint- ing, for at times the dredge would surface almost empty save for a few chunks of burned material resembling clinkers, a possible residue from ancient coal-burning ships which at one time used this still well traveled south-bound steamer lane. At an average depth of 75 fathoms, the desirable areas of broken shell and rubble became even scarcer, never the less cer- tain patches harbored an amazing array of extremely choice shells, but unfortunately no great abundance. Among the prizes taken were : Pecten phrygium and glyptus; Liomesus stimpsoni; Cuspidaria rostrata, the largest east coast form of this peculiar bivalve ; Xenophora longleyi, an interesting deeper water carrier- shell which freely but insecurely attaches stones and broken shells while young, later losing most of them to become almost ' ' nude ' ' at maturity ; Murex heaui, largely young, but one unique colony of beautiful yellow-brown adults was discovered; Conus mcgintyi (formerly mazei), a lovely slender cone, very rare, its radula highly transparent and extremely small, the species lacking operculum ; and Mitra fluviimaris, an attractive and rare white miter recently named to honor the Gulf Stream. Species col- lected which appear to establish new northern records for the east coast include XenopJiora caribaeum, Conns villejyini, Cymat- ium occidentale and rehderi, Murex heaui and Bursa corrugata; all found between 70 and 80 fathoms in muddy bottom containing some rubble. Further off shore, in soft mud at 80 to 90 fathoms, a lovely volute, Aurinia georgiana, was obtained. At times these shells came up in the dredge with one or more specimens of a pale and strangely unattractive deep-sea anemone firmly attached to cover most of the upper portion of the shell. Seemingly hard pressed for points of attachment, these creatures chose with equal facility any bits of stone, clinkers or other debris which might be exposed along the bottom. Volutes living in this soft mud tended to produce a heavy dark epidermis as protection from October, 1957] the nautilus 41 the etching acids of these unwelcome visitors, while those from bottom with a higher sand content, free from anemones, usually had a thin and transparent periostracum. Anatomical observa- tions indicated that the male of Aurinia georgiana is consider- ably more slender and smaller than the female. At the same depth, in patches of slightly firmer bottom, we were thrilled to locate a few colonies of Calliostoma psyche, an exquisite cream colored shell spotted with rose, and having that peculiarly lovely iridescence found on only a few deep-water shells. Mud, at 105 fathoms, afforded optimum conditions for still another volute, Clenchina robust a. This species seemed to be a special attraction for deep-sea anemones, for we noted instances where these creatures had almost closed the shell aperture to cause severe distortion of the moUusk's growth. As in C. georgiana, these volutes tended to form a heavy rough protective periostracum in badly infested areas, but even so, severe erosion could be detected on some living specimens brought to the sur- face. Fortunately, at a few localities we found the anemones less abundant, and the shells, with a thinner epidermis, came up in perfect condition. Attempts to dredge at 150 fathoms or more were somewhat disappointing. Very rarely a specimen of the striped volute, Clenchina gouldiana, or an even rarer related form (always very small, cream colored without bands or spots) might appear in the dredge or trawl. Generally speaking however, this soft mud off the Palm Beach area, devoid of rocks, offered little reward with the exception of a few weird deep-sea crustaceans and star-fish plus some small to microscopic shell material which, because of its depth, proved of considerable interest. Dredging Off The Florida Keys Unlike the lower east coast mainland, an outer coral and rock reef runs more or less parallel and perhaps 5 miles to the seaward of the low westward curving chain of islands known as the Florida Keys. Extending for many miles, it forms a most serious danger to ships and has long been marked by a series of tall lighthouses strategically located along its length. This reef, submerged for the greater portion, may be thought of as replacing the beach off the mainland, and outward distances for the dredger are most conveniently measured by using it as a 42 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) startinp: point. Between the reef and the string of Kej^s lies a long narrow body of water called the Hawk Channel, its depth of but a few fathoms affording good passage for yachts and smaller vessels only. Looking seaward from the reef, the 100 fathom line extends slightly further off shore than along the mainland, approximately 5 miles, so the total run from one of the Keys to attain this depth becomes 10 miles instead of the 4 miles noted off the Palm Beach coast. Besides a considerable loss of time, this additional mileage creates somewhat more of a weather hazard since the deeper dredging must all be done well beyond sight of land, and sudden storms in these open Gulf Stream waters become most unpleasant for small boats. Regu- lar checks upon the weather, both by radio and personal observa- tion, are certainly well advised. Unfortunately the exact loca- tion of position becomes increasingly more difficult at the greater depths, since visual bearings become available only wdthin range of one of the important lighthouses. Luckily these ranges are considerable, however, since some of the lights are designed to remain visible up to 18 miles at sea. To the conchologist, perhaps the most interesting factor con- cerning dredging in this region lies in the presence of an ex- tensive more or less flat rocky area knowm as Pourtales Plateau. Actuall}^ patches of whitish sand and grey mud would seem to indicate that its surface, at least, is not composed entirely of exposed rock, and while usually considered to begin at about 90 fathoms and extend outward for a considerable distance, its exact contour w^ould appear to vary somewhat since we detected its presence in isolated areas as shallow as 65 to 70 fathoms, off both Sombrero Key and Key West. As might be expected, the presence of rocks in the deeper water affords an environment so contrasting with the soft bottom off the Palm Beach area, at a similar depth, that a number of species of mollusks are confined to one of these areas alone. Inside the rocky plateau, a much larger proportion of species proved common to both regions, with depth ranges of most species being almost identical. This Pourtales Plateau, while certainly most interesting to w^ork, should hardly be thought of as a grab-bag for the eager dredger however, for material may be obtained only with considerable difficulty. The rocky terrain is extremely hard on dredges, with trawls being practically out of the question, and while we found the Gulf Stream current somewhat less than that usually experi- October, 1957] the nautilus 43 enced off Palm Beach, it was sufficient, at times, to cause our cable to twang like a plucked banjo string. For some reason ancient dead shells far outnumbered living ones, but w^hether this indicates a decline of life upon the plateau or is a natural process we hesitate to speculate, although this preponderance of dead material was far less evident in our dredgings off the east coast. In order that our report of dredging off the Keys may be consistent and follow the pattern already established in our discussion of findings off Palm Beach, let us now return to shallow water inshore and gradually work outward towards deeper water and the Pourtales Plateau. First we might say that dredging in the shallow water of the Hawk Channel, with its eelgrass and numerous bars and patches of heavy coral growth, proved none too productive and we believe other methods of collecting serve better for working this area. A short distance outside the reef which separates Hawk Channel from the open sea the bottom gradually became a soft sticky white marl supporting vast beds of eelgrass and occasional isolated patches of rubble. On these limited areas of harder bottom, the molluscan life seemed more abundant, and from about 20 to 40 fathoms, over such a station, specimens of the attractive Conus sozoni were obtained. Sconsia striata also was taken from this depth but proved to be quite rare, apparently preferring an area further westward in the Gulf of Mexico where it is somewhat more abundant. A depth of 40 fathoms, over rubble bottom when it could be located, appeared to be a favorable habitat for a rather wide range of interesting and somewhat uncommon species. From here we brought up fine living specimens of Antigona strigillina, a lovely white bivalve slightly over an inch in diameter and rather a rare shell in collections. Also found were Chama lactuca, the delicately fragile Pecten chazaliei (tereinus), and Aeqiiipecten lineolaris, the latter a rarity and apparently new northern record for this species. Among the gastropods repre- sented were the greatly elongated Torcula exoleta, its near white shell almost perfectly matching the bottom color, and an ex- tremely lovely little rock-shell known as Murex tryoni. Another collector's treasure, Murex cahriti, was taken occasionally, with a small colony of unusually attractive orange colored specimens 44 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) luckily discovered in the vicinity of Sombrero Key. Other dis- coveries included Conus austini, apparently a new northern record, and Fusiniis timessus and F. exicosmius, the latter shell seeming to suggest deep water and rarity, and almost exclusively confined to areas of heavy rubble or broken rocks. From a depth of 40 to 50 fathoms the pretty orange-yellow Conus stimpsoni made an appearance, together with the curiously distorted Distorsio mcgintyi, while at 60 fathoms Pecten phrygiuni was present. Strangely, from one isolated rubble reef not far from Sombrero Key we dredged a lovely large yellow specimen of this rare Pecten, while a second pass over the same territory brought up a smaller specimen almost orange in color. Previously we had never seen this species except in its normal coloration of mottled rose and are at a loss to explain such an unusual variation, but it serves admirably to demonstrate the value of accurately determined position and the resulting ability to return as close as possible to an exact area of unusual interest. Apparently a great rarity in the volute family, Aurinia schmitti was taken in mud at depths from 60 to 80 fathoms, but unfortunately in very limited numbers and seldom in perfect condition. As is of interest to note, these shells do not always have the heavy glazing which was thought to be characteristic of the species. Possibly due to differing bottom conditions, we found a few specimens which were quite clean and free from any glazing whatever. Perhaps one of our greatest treasures, a perfect % inch adult of the extremely rare Haliotis poiirtalesi, came from a rocky reef in only 65 fathoms off Sand Key, near Key West. Another prize, taken in 70 fathoms off Key West, was a damaged but reasonably fresh specimen of Pleurotomaria quoyana, apparently the first record of this extremely rare deep- sea ''slit shell" having been taken in waters bordering the United States. After rather extensive explorations in the Key West area, we finally succeeded in locating a colony of the rare Murex nuttingi living on a limited portion of rubble reef at a depth of 75 fathoms. At approximately the same depth, but more widely distributed, Bartschia significans, a rarity appearing in few collections, made an occasional appearance in our dredge hauls. Also at 75 fathoms we were fortunately able to bring up a few specimens of the exquisitely lovely giant deep-sea Epitonium, Sthenorytis pernohilis, its lacy white contrasting October, 1957] the nautilus 45 strikingly with a large jet black operculum. Our finest speci- men, 42 mm. long, still living and with operculum intact, came up in the dredge in perfect condition, and was so conspicuous in appearance that its presence was detected even before the dredge was brought on board. Certainly of all the thrills we have enjoyed in dredging for shells, this must come very near the top of the list. Another great thrill was presented when we brought up a lovely specimen of Murex heaui complete with ' ' fronds and frills, ' ' from off Sombrero Key in 75 fathoms. Al- though most collectors visualize heaui as always possessing the overly developed varices of the often figured unique specimen belonging to the National Museum, this is hardly so. At all localities from which we took heaui, and we took a respectable series from a number of areas, we found the "wide fronded" variety to be extremely rare. Although there is a greater tendency towards emphasis of the fronding in young specimens, we took but one adult which possessed this characteristic, and it came up in a dredge haul containing another specimen which entirely lacked this peculiarity. As a result of our observations, we feel strongly convinced that the wide varix is far from being a specific character and should not be treated as such. Conus villepini, a strikingly marked rare white cone, some- what elongated and irregularly blotched with brown, was rather closely confined to depths from 75 to 80 fathoms, while two at- tractive rock-living volutes, Clenchina dohrni and Clenchina florida, ranged from about 75 to 100 fathoms along the Pourtales Plateau. As is of interest to note, neither of these volutes was found in the Palm Beach area, perhaps due to scarcity of rocks in deeper water off the east coast. Likewise, Aurinia georgiana, found in soft mud off Palm Beach, failed to appear in the Keys area, although a possible counterpart, Aurinia schmitti, might be considered to replace it in the softer bottom off the Keys. Aurinia duhia, originally described and figured by Broderip in 1827 from a shell without locality, continued to remain a puzzle. His figure, showing a large bulbous protoconch and two weak plications on the columella, it is not quite like any volute yet seen by the authors from Gulf of Mexico or Florida waters. The early date of publication rather suggests that the original specimen might have been taken in a fish-trap from one of the Lesser Antilles, but until the original type specimen is eventually 46 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) found and examined it would seem that the exact identity of duhia must continue to remain an interesting mystery. In white sand, at about 90 to 100 fathoms, Microgaza rotella was taken on occasion, providing the smaller mesh dredges were used, for this species, in its attractive golden iridescence, does not attain large size. Bursa tenuisculpta, although rare, was taken living at 115 fathoms and appeared to be confined to the deeper water along the Pourtales Plateau. The deep-water carrier shells, Xenophora carihaeum and X. longleyi, had a much wider depth range, speci- mens having been taken as shallow as 70 fathoms and extending out to the greatest depths which we attained. In deep water, from sandy areas between the rocks, a wide variety of interesting pelagic species were taken, including that transparent jewel, Cavolina tridentata, largest of the deep-water flying snails, and the curious Herse columnella, resembling nothing so much as an extremely miniature milk-bottle. In addition to mollusks, other interesting things appeared in our dredges. From one reef off Sombrero Key, in 100 fathoms or more, Ave brought up pieces of a strangely beautiful and most delicate coral quite unlike anything we had seen, while from the same reef a large pale whitish sponge was obtained, replete with villainous sharp spicules which made it most difficult to handle. One trawl came up so packed with small brittle-stars that the load could not be brought on board until a part of the contents had been dumped, and long spined urchins also made frequent appearances in loads from the deeper water, one species, vividly colored in red and yellow, actually being quite attractive. From a 70 fathom reef, off Key West, a large and perfect basket- star, species unknown to us, made a rather surprising appearance. Because of space limitations, no attempt has been made to mention all shells obtained, but rather an effort has been made to name those species which we feel to be of greatest interest to col- lectors, together with depths and types of bottom upon which they were found. Although there were exceptions which tended to range over a considerable area, surprisingly most species were quite closely restricted to the depths as given above. Although the *' Triton" lacked a modern electronic depth finder and we were obliged to obtain this data b}' other methods, we were gratified to learn, upon a number of dredging cruises with our friend the October, 1957] the nautilus 47 late Todd L. Moise, where the writers had the great pleasure of serving as invited guests and guides aboard his luxuriously equipped motor-sailer Escape, that our measurements agreed almost to the fathom with those indicated by an elaborate elec- tronic device. In conclusion, certainly no discussion of dredging in the Keys area would be complete without some mention of the limita- tions imposed so frequently by weather. Although the region affords delightful cruising for small boats and yachts, the open waters of the Gulf Stream rapidly become quite choppy in any- thing more than a gentle to moderate wind. Unfortunately, dredging from a small boat is not only extremely difficult, but hazardous as well, unless the seas are reasonably calm. Our practice of organizing cruises to the Keys to last something over a month, usually in June or July, when light winds might rea- sonably be anticipated, worked out quite well, but even so, we vividly recall one period of a full ten days during which it was too rough to attempt a single haul with the dredge. The pleas- ures and thrills of deep-sea dredging far outweigh the disap- pointments however, so once the material is brought home and mounted in the collection, perhaps the many difficulties encoun- tered serve some useful purpose by causing us to appreciate even more those delio^htful treasures from so far beneath the sea. NOTES ON LAND SNAILS OF GENERA SOLAROPSIS AND NENIA By henry a. PILSBRY In the course of determining specimens of Solaropsis from Colombia, I had occasion to look over the species of Guiana. Finding nomenclatural irregularities, I was led to investigate the history of several species and to regulate their nomenclature. Solaropsis cicatricata Beck. Helix pellis serpentis Chemnitz, 1795, Syst. Conch. Cab. 11 : 268, pi. 208, figs. 2046, 2047.— Ferussac, 1822, Tableau Syst. Limacons p. 39.— Pfeiffer, 1848, Monogr. Hel. Viv. 1 : 371.— Pilsbry, 1890, Man. Conch. 5 : 178. [Not of Gmelin, 1791.] S.[olaropsis] pellis serpentis [var.] b, cicatricata Beck, 1837. Index Molluscorum etc., p. 27. 48 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) Helix constrictor Hupe, 1853, Eev. et Mag. de Zool. (2 ser.), 5: p. 298. This snail, characterized by the presence of two deep pits on the base, has long been known as Helix or Solaropsis pellis- serpentis Chemnitz, 1795. Chemnitz's nomenclature was not consistently Linnean and is not now admitted, but having been accepted by Ferussac and Dr. L. Pfeiffer this name passed into general use. Chemnitz had used the same name in 1786 for what is now regarded as another species, and this early use was the basis of Helix pellisserpentis Gmelin, 1791. Beck in 1837 recognized that two forms were involved, and introduced a varietal name, cicatricata, for Chemnitz's snail of 1795. A few years later H. Hupe saw that two species had passed under the same name and he named the pitted one Helix constrictor. Sub- sequent authors have followed Pfeiffer 's incorrect usage. This species is variable in size, diameter 41 to 53 mm. in ANSP. specimens, but I have seen little variation in the development of the deep pits at the periphery and base, though their position varies from directly opposite the aperture to a place somewhat more anterior. Dr. F. Haas (Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde 78: 152) has given Brazilian localities for this species and the next, under their Pfeifferian names. The type locality in Guiana was fully de- scribed by Chemnitz. Solaropsis undata (Solander). Limax serpens Martyn, [1786?], Universal Conchologist 3, pi. 120.^ Helix undata Solander, 1786, Catalogue of the Portland Museum p. 177, no. 3802 [in part, referring to Lister, pi. 76, but ex- clusive of reference to Favanne] . Helix pellis serpentis Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat. p. 3620 [based chiefly upon Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet 9, figs. 1095, 1096 1 . Planorhis pellis-anguinea Roding, 1798, Museum Boltenianum, p. 72, no. 930 [based upon Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet 9, pi. 125, figs. 1095, 1096]. Martyn 's nomenclature is not strictly Linnean so that his name is not valid as of 1786, and apparently must give way to Helix undata Solander, 1786. 1 Solarium serpens Spix, 1827, is a different Brazilian Solaropsis. October, 1957] the nautilus 49 Helix coluhrina Perry, 1811 (Conchology pi. 15, fig. 4) was possibly a Solaropsis undata, but the figure is so preposterously bad that no certain identification is possible. Solaropsis pellis-hoae Hupe (Revue de Zoologie, 1853, p. 299), is a large species apparently closely similar to S. undata (Sol.), but I have not seen it. The locality, Mission de Sarayacu, Peru, is a hamlet in the state of Loreto, in the Rio Ucayali valley near the 75th meridian at about 6°58' S. lat. 8. U7idata (Sol.) has the subsutural and peripheral spot bands as in S. cicatricata, and dense, fine granulation, also as in that species ; but the last whorl is regular, without pits. A specimen measures : alt. 35 mm. ; diameter 54 mm., 5l^ whorls. Figures were given in Man. Conch. 5, pi. 58, figs. 38, 39, 40. Solaropsis anomala, new species. PL 3, Figs. 1, la, lb. The rather solid shell is like S. undata in general figure having a dome-shaped spire and angular periphery, but it differs by having a modified last whorl, which on the side opposite the aperture is swollen below the suture, and in the peripheral region it is impressed and concave (fig. la). The base is broadly concave and coarsely striate radially around the umbilicus. The first 21/2 whorls are smooth, the following whorls are minutely, densely granulose on the upper surface, and the last II/2 whorls have some coarse striae along lines of growth. The color pattern is like that of 8. cicatricata and 8. undata. On a whitish ground there is below the suture a broad band of crescentic to angular reddish brown spots alternating with white ones ; at the periph- ery there is a band, half as wide, of more or less angular smaller spots. The white peristome is reflected throughout, and is dilated half over the umbilicus. Height 32 mm., diameter 51 mm. ; width of umbilicus behind lip 3.5 mm. ; fully 6 Avhorls. Guiana, exact locality unknown. Type 85147 ANSP., received from the Philadelphia Commercial Museum in 1903. Besides 8. cicatricata there are two other described species of 8olaropsis having an indentation of the last whorl: 8. mono- lacca (Pfr.) and 8. vipera (Pfr.). 8. monolacca, from Surinam, differs from our species in color pattern. It is described and figured as '^braungelb, mit vielen rothbraunen, kaum welligen, Striemen gezeichnet, ' ' and without the subsutural and peripheral 50 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) spot bands of S. anomda and others of the cicatricata group. The right lip margin is said to be ''schmal ausgebreitet, " not well reflexed as in our species. A comparison of the descriptions and figures shows various other differences. S. viper a (Pfr.), described from a specimen from Brazil in the Cuming collection, is a smaller (37 mm. diameter) species with the typical cicatricata color pattern and only a quite small sulcus above the peripheral angle. The base is banded and less concave than in 8. anomala. A specimen before me, no. 202991 ANSP. agrees well with the account of S. vipera except for its larger size, 50.4 mm. diameter, and by having fewer basal spiral lines of dark dots. It is labelled ''Brazil," but is from an old collection, origin not traceable. Dr. Vernhout (1914, p. 7) listed under ''8. pellisserpentis" a '^ specimen collected by Mr. Voltz . . . which has the peculiar pits of the left side but faintly indicated. ' ' I doubt whether this specimen is really referable to S. cicatricata, which has deep pits very constant in a large number seen in various collections. Dr. Vernhout 's shell may possibly be the snail described above as ;8^. anomala. SOLAROPSIS UNDATA BROWNI, HGW SUbspecieS. The color pattern and minute surface sculpture are as in S. cicatricata and S. undata, but the shape is far more depressed than 8. undata and the periphery is much more strongly though bluntly angular. It does not have the conspicuous pits of 8. cicatricata. Height 29 mm., diameter 54.6 mm. ; width of um- bilicus behind lip 4 mm. ; 5% whorls. This race is known by the type, 1446 ANSP., a specimen from the A. D. Brown collection labelled ''Peru." It was figured as a depressed form of ^^>S^. serpens Martyn" in the Manual of Conchology 5, pi. 59, figs. 50, 51, 52. Various forms of the 8. gihhoni complex are equally depressed, but they do not have the minute granulation of this subspecies and others of its group. SoLAROPSis GiBBONi (Pfeiffcr) PI. 3, Figs. 2, 3. A rather distinct form of this species was found in Colombia at Monteredondo, kilom. 73 on the road from Bogota to Vil- October, 1957] the nautilus 51 lavicencio, collected by F. Medem. Figures of an adult, faded specimen (fig. 2) and a young one taken alive (fig. 3) show the characters, solidity, shape and color pattern of this local form of the variable and widely distributed S. gihhoni. Three speci- mens measure : Height 31.5 mm., diameter 53.3 mm. Height 28 mm., diameter 55 mm. Height 27 mm., diameter 49.5 mm. Nenia (Andinia) barcrofti, new species. PI. 3, Figs. 4, 4a, 4b. The cylindric shell tapers in the upper half to a truncate summit closed by a strongly convex plug. Color white through- out or faint brown with a brown line at the suture. The whorls are only slightly convex, the last almost straight sided, shortly free in front. Sculpture of irregularly waved and frequently anastomosing riblets which have a slightly retractive axial di- rection. In adult shells the ventral side becomes worn smooth. On the latter part of the last whorl the riblets are strong and more regular, are often brown, and vary in number individually, as in figs. 4 and 4b. The aperture is broadly ovate, narrowed at the upper left extremity, white within. The peristome is white, thin and broadly expanded. The superior lamella is marginal, high and thin, concave on the left side, continuous with the very short but high and arcuate spiral lamella ; a short low branch at their junction. The inferior lamella is strong, convex. The sub- columellar lamella is deeply immersed and rather strongly de- veloped within. The principal plica is short, lateral and dorsal, and is visible externally as a brown line. The lamella is weak and short, curving anteriorly from near the inner end of the principal plica. The clausilium tapers distally to a blunt point on the columel- lar side of the oblique end, and posteriorly passes gradually into its filament. Length 35.5 mm., diameter 7.3 mm. ; 6 whorls remaining. Length 34.5 mm., diameter 7.5 mm. ; 51^ whorls remaining. Colombia: Monteredondo, kilom. 73, road from Bogota to Villavicencio, Type and two paratypes no. 203475 ANSP. 52 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 71 (2) This fine Nenia is named for Mr. Frederick J. Barcroft. Through his planning, introductions and material assistance dur- ing several years, considerable additions have been made to our series of South American mollusks. Nenia karsteniana (Dohrn) and N. magistra (Sowerby) are large species from near Bogota, both resembling N. harcrofti in being truncate and with the peristome expanded, but in both of them the sculpture is less coarse and irregular and it is far more oblique. In N. harcrofti the riblets are coarser and more interrupted, and they run nearly parallel to the axis of the shell. The short principal plica, visible externally through the shell, is unlike the karsteniana group. PRUNUM ROSCIDUM IN NEW JERSEY By R. tucker ABBOTT Pilsbry Chair of Malacology Mrs. Clara Burke and other members of the Philadelphia Shell Club have been finding in New Jersey living examples of an at- tractive marginellid which superficially resembles Prunum gut- tatum Dillwyn. Closer investigation indicates that these speci- mens are Prunum roscidum (Redfield), a species which Conrad, Dall and others have erroneously synonymized under the Miocene species, Prunum limatulum Conrad. Below, we give a brief account of P. roscidum (see pi. 4 figs. 4, 4a). Prunum roscidum (Redfield). Marginella roscida Redfield 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 12, p. 174 (Coast of South Carolina) ; 1868, Conrad (in part), Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 67; 1873, Tryon, Amer. Marine Conch., fig. 90. Marginella limatula Conrad, Dall 1890, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 49. Marginella eulima Dall 1893, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 225 (Pliocene of Shell Creek and the Caloosa- hatchie beds). Marqinella heali McGinty 1940, Nautilus, vol. 54, p. 63, pi. 3, figs. 10, 11 (Florida). Adults 13 to 16 mm. in length, glossy, pale pinkish gray with numerous, small, irregular, opaque-wliito dots which rarely are coalesced below the suture to form short, irregular, axial streaks. THE NAUTiLL\S 71 {2) PLATE ;j ihi ^'Xt Figs. 1, la, lb, Solaropsis anomala, 3 views of type. 2, Solaropsis gihhonl Pfr., var., partially faded adult. 3, apical views of immature specimen taken alive. 4, 4a, 4b, Nenia harcrofti, type and paratype, figs. 4 and 4b somewhat enlarged. THE NAUTILUS 71 (2) PLATE 4 Figs. 1-3, Pcclo, rala