feat Pps p eppeh “ 4 : ty a hewsitarton nt i telat : ; aibeleotoas sone weopeagernbeen yea! a: seorirers yt phe * Tries Srarorarhs a “| 4 nist rete fe Pee RO Re Bs beoetnis cee <3 adn UM th yg eet MyeN Harte ‘ eared Ded Papeaa tt ya ; Mae aah clibet 4 p 4 eter a Vee Mi f “049 to 4eihe a f : » ya , j Chey r ere Sa) " sory eagertay Sa857 H 7 a +e" 3233235 a pened a? , ? ; syerera: bed Peprer tem ny Tote kiras tir ; Lele pentane wet Nery rerraeir ey ital Pde ese dee} * betray Serer tant: Mer 4094 ye Atty “he © 5 Uogega le 4 Ge yeonbageQe peel 1 | h, dae at Wisisises3e ed: ee Pine be beatiabe neste ptt preeiwar organise Pie Bcereenee en bees wheat tye ACG . vine ale habebe gsjuasts hare P i ¥ “4 =e ) ar , werd yee y rae a) ,/ opener aT hy EeALeitee Fe 4 ¥ ‘ vpsaeet! AF ew + Datta ara V epee idae t Bhras tps - te meant . trlpleeetrt-+ i . ty ' sch ik mete tees Anes ne obs White ? ° et , 4 is Sireten ves nee Bear ete pryeve tay Py) Savy q oe beh ge alot aM My Ait ‘ Cle haw y drach rey ve +e Sit the Agi > hy an: Vi pyde ed + ; 194 peetre) , 1) Dyer a - i) , 4 sibStiyss edi +34? ‘ Dt ea Sarit at) Ba Brush ont Hala) erate cect bit) vise é rie ra es ° ae i rn yeerene Heh ee aren eae e8i253 : S2tei ie hal way ast ge be a Hinged ane wo pen ye a ee habe 378th "+ 9 baet speleueNie sas eabheese ee sy av tbr ares: hala 4 *: ss . fesetragey ‘ { iy bg Dh a 0) TE i rt everryerere ao. by 4 idee: Ande) peed ait nth Me hey ATOAC TOON TS St loupe br estos bal ey hep Er Dab bony veka) brane ge abe aed elt badreat aS eS: I Wat} mM) iM SF enge y yeh tb hy » Ht ? rare 0 1s he se pedal Oi Nett oswer Yee ff OR he se peteitt be-9e: Peery euerts eaten) ; weet ayy mag pete 5 ve pel ¥ me, ; aa Siti ‘ rene } ney Mebe ‘ ¢ i : 1% Saks A dal hip bade ind Pebeee nage oade bapeaeOC’ OEM 3% VHpeHee au a) sey 1 ye oy oe +h seer Pie ued dene! ar Rat Whehad ae bt piet parade hip (eoirey eile pe wai eae achyet +35 Westend t a awed shaadi ' ii ar Be poe aeeaet * : Aad) A ; Pa Pe bepery es ” ina ry heed : a i} Mies ew ee : ; , fang ; f ean ' , ; 4M vee iy Ans nhs aaa “at ) rey liver AD ' ; AA isa UT» me : ithe Hiio ves Het orapleaate'9 ” bet es hak aha yparyely 7) beeentey Sta bed Beare rites A te lee erly Hi nny 29 LJ beeen VAS ARING 4 : ilatis ie pact »! SU ae van Mae aneitay tt inet One aay Ni pe h ae ith iat Laerrbovee fee $5 4 an aay del eet oes wala ra ps me wh 4 By A i ; ve * ist ah Wes hieabe hy " ay “Wir oA bhitiraate ue 9) at eae FP > pepe DHA Te cee Des) ii my ) area : ¥ PD PAH HGH wipro Hae HOTHS OE) PP paling so Pst Ladies tabi bie te be drape er 1 paar tal peeracvedt ALT hoped y , anne Cyt: et vies opr i, Pesta) MAT wi ’ " " Leib wr wclie yy thes Hoeltventosery pers Wat ev) wey mee dad 4) pb ~ b Apt ene bye eneens ” =e : 3S NAUTILUS. A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. VOL. XIII. MAY, 1899, to APRIL, 1900. PHILADELPHIA : Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON. INDEX MO THE NAUTILUS, VOL, XIEI, INDEX TO ARTICLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED. Abalone fishery in California : : : ‘ F re 3! Agassiz Association Department : d , . 23, 34,59 Amnicola Johnsoni Pilsbry, n. sp. f : : F re | Amnicola sanctijohannis Pilsbry, n. sp. : F : 1 2p) Amnicolide from Florida . : . : : i ra!) Amnicoloid, a new N.-E. Australian. : : } . 144 Arion fasciatus Nils. in America. : ; ; ‘ : 9 Arizona and New Mexico, Collecting in. 13 Ashmunella thomsoniana porter Pilsbry nail Gasket n. Vv. : P ; : : , : Peet Bie ac ports, Dr. Babor’s rediscovery of . ; : ae Bifidaria armifera var. ruidosensis Cockerell, n. v. : + 486 California, collecting in Southern i 28 California, mollusks collected by R. C. pic Ongar: in mou ieae 64 Calliostoma Veliei Pilsbry, n. sp. , . 128 Canandaigua Lake Region of New York, Maliuews aie. 87 Capulus Californicus Dall., n. sp. : . 100 Chitons from the BiGoene of the ae etane ina Florida . : A ; ; ; . 130 Chlorostoma Bidaleot Bisbee Spy , ; : al Chlorostoma Orbignyanum Pilsbry, n. sp. . : : + Huet Chlorostoma patagonicum Orb. . ‘ i . 110 Chlorostoma of Southern and Eastern Reeser : _ kO Chondropoma Martensianum Pilsbry, n. sp. y : . 140 Clausiliz of Celebes, note on the : , : : » 6 Cochlicopa lubrica in Alaska ; . 19 ; (iii ) iv THE NAUTILUS. Conulus coroicanus Ancey, n. sp. ; : : ; ce Loi Correspondence . 4 : : : Dh ee . 83 Corrosion of shells in cons : ; . 122 Donax stultorum Mawe vs. Cytherea AResumigiles Conr: . “@ Dredging in San Diego Bay : ‘ : ; : - LOE Dredging off San Pedro. : : : : ; “eel Epiphragmophora andivaga Ancey,n. sp. . ; pret en SS Epiphragmophora Bowersi Bryant, n. sp. . : 5 ele Epiphragmophora fidelis Gray. : : : ; . 20 Epipbragmophora Harperi Bryant, n.sp. . ; : . 143 Epiphragmophora mormonum buttoni Pilsbry, n. v.. .. 128 Epiphragmophora mormonum cala ae ha jy ae 2 : a8 Jpiphragmophora Turtoni Ancey,n. sp. . : : =e Field notes and reminiscences —. ; : : os 5) Florida, Collecting on the Gulf Coast of : : ; Same Florida, Notes on some land shells of Western. 3 . 141 Gastrodonta demissa var, lamellata Pilsbry, n. v. : Ov General notes . ; . 12, 24.7365 48, a 10, S48) lie 129 Glandina truncata var, minor Pilsbry, n.v.. : : 2A Gonibasis acutifilosa siskiyouensis Pilsbry, n. v.. , 11965 Hartman, William D. (with portrait, pl. I) . ‘ : Peon Helix hortensis at Rockport. Mass., variations of , i032 Land shells of Berks Co., Pennsylvania —. : 4 ~ Limax coccineus Gistel : : : : : mae Lithasia obovata, changes with sree Ol. : : Sere Lucidella Foxi Pilsbry, n. sp. . : i : é » 36 Lucidella trochiformis Pilsbry,n.sp. . : ; : . sas Maine, List of Shells from Northeastern. : , OLO2 aS Manitoba, List of Land and Freshwater Shells of : Rahs | Margaritana margaritifera var. falcata from a tunnel . . 1380 Mexican shells, notes on some southern ; 20R9 Miami, Florida, Annotated List of land and fecinater shells 43 Modiola plicatale in San Francisco Bay . : 86 Mollusca associated with the Mastodon ; : 34, 55, 100 Mollusks of Lily Cash Creek, Illinois. : ‘ ‘ Re) Myoforceps aristatus Dillwyn, from California. : : beset New Mexican Shells, Notes on some . ; : ets Ostrzea, Origin of the mutations of —. : : 5 Heme Owasco Lake, N. Y., notes on the mollusea Ole . Be) (| THE NAUTILUS. Vv Pachychilus vulneratus . ? A : F : _ 139 Paludestrina monas Pilsbry,n. sp. . : : ; ona Petricola denticulata, note on . ‘ ; : ; Lot Philomycus lactiformis (Blainville) — . : : ; ., 24 Physa cubensis in Florida . : : : : : . 70 Pisidia new to our country and new species ‘ : eng Pisidium amnicum Mull... : j : Hu , OEY Pisidium boreale Sterki n. n. (for septentrionale Prime pre- occupied ) : : ‘ : : : : tg Pisidium contortum Prime. : : ‘ : : 10, 59 Pisidium handwerki Sterki, n. sp. : : } reo0 Pisidium henslowianum Shep. . ‘ : : * A29 Pisidium medianum Sterki, n. sp. F , , hp Pisidium medianum var. minutum Sterki n. var. . : 4) well Pisidium milium Held : : : : ; , 10, 59 Planorbis corpulentus Say ; : , : ets Planorbis crista var. cristata sity eae in Marie F ie SSO MTOS Planorbis opercularis var. multilineatus Vanatta , . 48 Planorbis rubellus Sterki and P. Harni Pilsbry . A eo Polygyra, new southwestern form of . , : Miao Polygyra appressa, notes on : d ; ~ as Polygyra auriculata in Western F rida ; k , USPS Polygyra binneyana Pilsbry,n. sp... , , 60 Polygyra caloosaensis Johnson, n. sp. ee te 67 Polygyra divesta indianorum Pulsbry,.0. var. ; ‘abe Polygyra dorfeuilliana var. percostata Pilsbry, n. var. es Polygyra monodon var. friersoni Pilsbry, n. var. 36 Polygyra neglecta Pilsbry, n. sp. , é . 40 Polygyra tridontoides [= terasiana— Ep. |. in New Macies eee! Polygyra uvulifera var. bicornuta, n. var. . : é “ALON Pomatia aspersa in California. y, , : ; . 160 Pyramidula alternata, notes on two varieties of . ; wld Pyramidula alternata var. costata Lewis. : ef 3! Pyramidula alternata var. rarinotata Pils., n. var. ; SAS Publications received . ; : (1,84; 119,131 Purpura coronata Lam. in America. : . 1380 Rhode Island, Collection of Fresh-water eile front : ge © Rumina decollata, some notes on : : : : RE Shells collected at Oakdale, Morgan Co., Tenn. . ; Py vi THE NAUTILUS. Shells and Mastodon . ; : 4 5 34, 55, 100 Sigaretus oldroydii, notes on. E A : ». 85 Stephanoda Iheringi Ancey,n. sp. . : : ‘ ey, Stephanoda latastei Ancey, n. sp. ; : A . ~ real Strobilops hubbardi stevensoni Pilsbry, n. var. . ; 1 46 Strombus, attempt to define the natural groups of — 76, 93 Thomson, John H. (Biographical note) : : 5 . BES Thy ae hornii Gabb. : ; é aes Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, Natural Ptedane of ‘ =e Mel:9 Turritellidz, Viviparous nNOecHE ; t : : ») 268 Unios of the Sabine River . A : SPs, chs ; ae Unionide in a tunnel . : : ‘ ; ¢ : . 130 Unio conjugans Wright, n. sp... ‘ ‘ ‘ : . 89 Unio Danielsii Wright, n. sp... ; ; : ; got Unio dispalans Wright, n. sp. . 3 ; A : s 400 Unio Hagleri Frierson, n. sp. (Plate II.) . : ' ee Rey!) Unio Harperi Wright, n. sp. ‘ , ; ; ; tte Unio Kingii Wright, n. sp.. ; ; 5 é : . 138 Unio polymorphus Wright, n. sp. E ; 5 ‘ . 42 Unio rotulatus Wright, n. sp. . , ; ; : cit sees Unio (Lampsilis) Rovirosai Pilsbry, n. sp. ‘ : . 140 Unio singularis Wright, n. sp... ‘ 5 ; ‘ ke Unio Tinkeri Wright, n. sp. : : : é : = eet Unio unicostatus Wright, n. sp. . , : : ‘ Bem) Veronicella, notes on Jamaican . ; : ° ‘ . 1st Viviparous miocene Turritellidze : ; 68 Zonitide collected by J. H. Ferriss in Reapers ae the Choctaw Nation . : : OT Zonitoides neomexicanus Geeleerell & SPs, NeSpa+: pe: INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS, Ancey, C. F. : Ashmun, Rev. E. H. Baker, Frank C.. Burns, Frank Button, Fred. L. Bryant, F. W. Chadwick, G. H.. Clapp, Geo. H. Cockerell, T. D. A. Collinge, Walter E. Dall, Wm. H. Frierson, Lorraine 8. Hanham, A. W. . Johnson, C. W. Kendig, Rev. A. B. Keep, Josiah Kelsey, F. W. . King, Mrs. E. H. Lowe, H. N. Mitchell, C. F. Nylander, Olof O. Pilsbry, Henry A. 20, 32, Post, E. J. . ; Randolph, P. B.. Rhoads, Samuel N Smith, W. Hilles . Stearns, R. E.C.. Sterki, V. Sykes, E. R. Vanatta, E.G. . Walker, Bryant . Wright, Berlin H. 17 : fonds 30, 57, 112 Be Fite 130, 131 122, 143 . 04, 76, 93 41, 70 32, 36, 49, 84, 117 2 : 4 ecg 2 on, Go, IL, LOO, TIT iO, 109 : : 2 1 67, 117, 130, 141 . 1S «60 5 EOL 23 27 eon ; 59, 102, 118 Silig 49, ol; 56, 64, 10, TO 88, ADT ULO: 114, 128, 131, 139, 144 51 25 43 : : : : . of oy Log loneks 8O, LOO LS 9,90 86 : 48 : 55, 9T, 153 6, 29, 31, 42, 50, 69, 5, 89, 138 ( vii ) eee NU TILUS. MAY, 1899. WADI 10 Be A LIST OF THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MANITOBA. BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. When I commenced collecting here in 1894, my enthusiasm was soon checked by the dearth of land shells, in which, since I first col- lected, I have been particularly interested. In fresh-water species things were different, as this list shows, but I have never felt the same interest in them, and my work here, as far as they are con- cerned, has been half-hearted, and I have done nothing at all during the past two seasons. Under these circumstances, I have thought it advisable to publish this list before my records get lost or destroyed. The most striking feature here (even after Quebec) was the utter absence of all the larger species of land shells (with the exception of the Succineas), and the scarcity of even the small kinds which have been taken. However, I am still impressed with the idea that some few of the larger species may occur, rarely perhaps, in the well- wooded districts lying in the extreme east, southeast and northeast of the Province. The country I have worked here has been mostly prairie, even though swampy or wooded in places, and really almost the only localities worth exploring are the river ‘‘ bottoms.”” Water shells, especially by contrast, are quite conspicuous; the sand dredged from the Red river for building purposes contains a mass of Sphieria, and along the river banks the large valves of Uniones are very notice- able. The railway ditches and sluices, which are generally dry early in the summer, have in their bottoms a mass of Limnza, Aplexa and 2 THE NAUTILUS. small Planorbis. Often large areas of prairie, inundated during the spring, are covered with these dead shells, which are the *‘ land” shells of the novice. Soon after my arrival in Manitoba, I received a good deal of assist- ance from the Rev. George W. Taylor, of Gabriola Island, B. C., who kindly furnished me with lists of the species he had taken here in 1893, during a flying visit; also any other records or lists of Manitoba species that he knew of. The lists furnished were as follows: His own from Winnipeg in 1893. Condray’s, also from Winnipeg. Hollands’, from Norquay, Man. Bells’, Christy’s, » all from Winnipeg eastward, Dawson's, (The species taken by Condray and Holland being in his own Cestrica,’’ mentioned him as ‘‘a zealous and promising young botan- ist.” He attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated from the Medical Department in 1839, at the age of twenty-one years. After graduation he returned to West Chester and engaged in the practice of his profession. His practice soon became very extensive and was maintained until the infirmities of advanced years compelled him to relinquish it. Even then many patients visited him at his office. Dr. Hartman devoted all the time that could be spared from his medical practice to the study of natural science. Besides botany, he studied entomology, mineralogy and conchology, and became an 62 THE NAUTILUS. authority in each of these branches, especially as they related to Chester county. The latter science, however, finally engrossed Hart- man’s attention; and it is by his work on mollusca that he became most widely known. For over forty years he corresponded upon conchological topics with the leading authorities in the science in this country and abroad. Among his correspondents and co-laborers were Isaac Lea, LL. D., of Philadelphia ; Charles Wheatley, of Phoenix- ville; George W. Tryon, Jr., J.G. Anthony, Dr. J. C. Cox, Andrew Garrett, W. H. Pease, E. L. Layard and many others. Through Mr. Garrett he obtained what is perhaps one of the finest collections of Polynesian land shells in the world, especially of the genus Partula, of which he described 25 species. The critical study of the genus Partula particularly engaged his attention during several years; and his careful work and extensive writings on the group, have given him high rank asan authority thereon. His beautiful col- lection of Achatinellid@ was purchased by the Bremen Museum some time before his death. The last conchological work that Dr. Hart- man undertook was a revision of the Helicinide. He gathered much interesting material, but failing health prevented the carrying out of his intentions. His collection of marine shells is rich in Polynesian species and contains many varieties. One of the best known publications from the pen of Dr. Hartman 2 was ‘* Conchologia Cestrica,” treating of the mollusca of Chester county, Pa. In its preparation he was associated with the late Dr. Ezra Michener, of New Garden township, but Dr. Hartman did the larger part of the work. It is illustrated with 207 wood-cut figures of shells described in the work. This book, published in 1874, was formerly used as a text-book in many schools in Chester and Dela- ware counties. He was also the author of the following papers : Opercula of the family Strepomatide. Amer. Jour. Conch. vi, 516, 1871. Description of a Partula supposed to be New, from the Island of Moorea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 229, 1880. A catalogue of the genus Partula Fer. (privately printed in West Chester), 1881. Observations on the species of the genus Partula Fer., with a Bibliographical Catalogue of all the species. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl. x, No, ppol71=L90 51882. THE NAUTILUS. 63 Observations on the duplicates of the Genus Partula Fer. contained in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass., formerly belonging to the collection of the late Wm. H. Pease, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl. ix, pp. 91-96, 1882. Descriptions of new species of Partula and a synonymic catalogue of the genus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 203-2238, 1885. New species of Partula from the New Hebrides and Solomon Is- lands. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 30-35, pl. ii, 1886. A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Auriculella, Pfeiffer. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 14, 1888. A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Achatinella. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 16-56, 1888. New species of shells from the New Hebrides and Sandwich Isl- ands. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 250, pl. xiii, 1888. New species of shells from New Hebrides. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 91-94, pl. v, 1888. Descriptions of new species of shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 284— 288, pl. iii, 1890. Catalogue of the genus Partula. Ture Naurituvs, vi, 73 and 97, 1892. Melania yokobamensis, new species. THr Nauti tus, xi, 41, 1897. Dr. Hartman was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1853, and the same year he was elected a corresponding member of the Lyceum of Natural His- tory of New York city. He was a member of the West Chester His- torical Society and one of its organizers; also a member of the West Chester Philosophical Society, the Geological Club of Chester County, and an honorary member of the Chester County Medical Society. He was a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1883 Dr. Hartman went abroad, visiting the British Museum, Jardin des Plantes and other museums. Personally Dr. Hartman was of a most kindly disposition and social so far as his busy life would allow, His kindness professionally and to his scientific friends and co-workers was unlimited. He was ever ready to assist young men in their studies in the various branches of science, and many owe their first impulse to his encouragement and kindly assistance. Dr. Hartman married Mary Jane Kabel, a daughter of John Kabel, of Jefferson county, West Virginia, on December 3, 1841. Mrs. Hartman survives her husband, as do also five children. 64 THE NAUTILUS. MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BY R. C. MCGREGOR IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Mr. R. C. MeGregor being engaged during the summer of 1898 in Fish Commission work which took him over a considerable area in northern California, interested himself in the collection of mol- lusks, which he sent me for study. The region is one which has been very superficially examined hitherto, and it is not surprising that a number of very interesting species were found. But few land shell’ were taken, among them the extremely rare Polygyra ropert, and a peculiar Cvreinaria. Pyramidula striatella occurred in many localities, the specimens be- ing referable, probably, to the ill-defined variety cronkhiter. Among the fresh-water pulmonates, the re-discovery of Aneylus patelloides Lea, a species falling into Clessin’s genus Lanz, and A. altus Tryon, also a Lanx, are the most important finds. These species will be fully treated elsewhere, with illustrations of the anatomy. The series of Gondobases collected induced me to attempt a revision of the West American species, the results of which are included below. Tie list of species is as follows: Epiphragmophora mormonum (Pfr.), Redding, Shasta Co. Polygyra loricata (Gld.). Battle Creek, s. boundary Shasta Co. Polygyra ropert (Pils.). Redding, Shasta Co, One adult specimen. Vallonia pulchella (Mull.). Redding, Shasta Co. Circinaria sp. undet. Redding. I cannot refer the single fresh adult shell collected to any of the described forms. Pyramidula striatella (Anth.). Goose Lake, Modoc Co.; Duck Lake, 20 miles west of Susanville, and Eagle Lake, Lassen Co.; Bartle’s, Siskiyou Co., on McCloud River. Vitrea hammonis (Strém). Bartle’s and Duck Lake. Vitrina pfeifferi Newe. Bartle’s and Duck Lake. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Goose Lake, Modoc Co. Succinea nuttaliiana (Lea). Goose Lake, Modoc Co. Succinea stretchiana (Bld.). Duck Lake and Bartle’s. Limnea stagnalis (L.). Upper waters of Willow Creek, trib, to Susan R., Lassen Co. Limnea proxima (Lea). South Fork Pitt R., Modoe Co. THE NAUTILUS. 65 Limnea desidiosa (Say). Redding (reported as L. adeling on p. 60 of vol. xii.). Limnea humilis (Say). Duck Lake, Lassen Co. Pompholyx effusa (Lea). Shasta Co. in the Sacramento R. at Red- ding, in Battle Creek, and Pitt R. below the falls; Grasshopper Lake, Lassen Co.; also Klamath River at Klamathton, Siskiyou Co. Carinifex newberryt (Lea). Eagle Lake; Head of Fall River, southeastern Siskiyou Co. Planorbis trivolvis hornii Tryon. Upper waters of Willow Creek, Lassen Co. Planorbis parvus Say. Duck Lake, Lasson Co., and a small sink- ing creek on Van Loan’s ranch, 20 miles S. of Alturas; also Red- ding, Shasta Co. Ancylus oregonensis Clessin. Redding. Lanz, patelloides (ea). Shasta Co., at Redding, Battle Creek, and Pitt R. below falls. At the latter two localities a spotless form or variety occurs, associated with spotted specimens. Lanx altus (Tryon). Klamath River at Klamathton, Siskiyou Co. This is probably only a variety of Lea’s Ancylus newberryi, but it is rounder and higher, and the young are more conic and not ele- vated at the ends as in L. newberryi. Physa triticea Lea. Battle Creek, 8. border of Shasta Co.; S. Fork Pitt R. at South Fork P. O., Modoc Co.; West Fork Feather R., Morgan Spr., Plumas Co.; Duck Lake and Willow Creek, Lassen Co.; Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co. A common species in northern Cali- fornia, originally described from young specimens. ) Goniobasis plicifera (Lea).. Klamath River at Klamathton, Sis- kiyou Co. A form heavily striate throughout, but folded on the earlier whorls only. Goniobasis nigrina (Lea). Battle Creek, southern boundary of Shasta Co., 10 miles above its mouth; West Fork Feather River, Plumas Co.; small spring at Eagle Lake, Lassen Co.; headwaters of Fall R., southeastern Siskiyou Co. Goniobasis occata (Hinds.). Battle Creek, southern boundary of Shasta Co. The upper keels are generally nodose, as in G. acutifilosa, which is evidently a form derived from occata. Goniobasis acutifilosa (Stearns). Small creek at Eagle Lake. Sculpture less strong than in the typical form. Goniobasis acutifilosa siskiyouensis n. v. Excessively variable in 66 THE NAUTILUS. sculpture, spiral carine wholly absent on the last whorl or two, or reduced to two or three low angles ; or when developed, more numer- ous and less prominent than in the type form. Contour about as in acutifilosa. Based upon a series of 94 shells from the headwaters of Fall River, S.-E. Siskiyou Co. There is also a series of the same form in the collection labelled ‘G. eireumlineata Tryon, California.” The Goniobases of the West Coast are fully as variable as those of the East ; and far too many species have been made. The following synopsis is believed to be in accordance with the facts. a. Earlier (or all) whorls longitudinally costate. plicifera. 1 a’. Earlier (or all) whorls spirally keeled. 6. Last whorl with many spiral keels. occata. b'. Last whorl with few spiral keels. acutifilosa. b’?. Last whorl rounded, not sculptured. rubiginosa. a’. Earlier whorls convex, without spiral or longitudinal sculpture. bulbosa, nigrina, circumlineata. G. plicifera Lea includes the following synonyms or slight local races: stlicula Gld., 1847, shastaensis Lea, 1856, rudens Reeve, 1860, bairdiana Lea 1862. Its range extends from the southern end of Puget Sound, Washington, to Pitt and Feather Rivers, California. G. bulbosa Gld., 1847, described from the Columbia River, and before me from the Owyhee River, includes newberryi Lea, 1860, from the upper Des Chutes River, both streams being tributary to the Columbia. It is doubtful whether G. nigrina Lea, 1856, should be included in bulbosa, but it seems to me very likely. G. ndgrina includes draytonii Lea, 1862, and Melania californica Clessin, Malak. Blatter (n. F.) v, p. 189, pl. 4, f. 9, 9 (1882), as synonyms, and G. eireum- lineata Tryon is probably aly a variety, distinguished by larger size and more or less malleated whorls, which show spiral flat faces like some forms of Limnea palustris, or sparse low spiral carine. G, nigrina, in its several forms, is distributed over northern California from Sonoma and Napa counties north to Humboldt, and east to Lassen and Plumas counties. It is characteristic of the Sacramento, as bulbosa is of the Columbia, drainage. The fossil G. tayloriana Gabb has the sculpture of occata and acutifilosa, and is probably an ancestral form of these species. Fluminicola seminalis (Hinds). Small creek at Eagle Lake 5 head of Fall River, Southeastern Siskiyou Co.; S. Fork Pitt R, Modoe Co. THE NAUTILUS. 67 Valvata virens Tryon. Willow Creek, tributary to Susan River, Lassen Co. Anodonta californiensis Lea. Upper waters of Willow Creek. Margaritana margaritifera (.). Sacramento R. at Redding. Pisidium ultramontanum Prime. Duck Lake, Lassen Co.; W. Fork Feather R. at Morgan Spr., Plumas Co. Another species of Pisidium oceurred in Modoe and Siskiyou counties. A NEW PLIOCENE POLYGYRA FROM FLORIDA. BY CHAS. W. JOHNSON. Polygyra caloosaensis, 0. Sp. Whorls six, slightly depressed, crossed on the body whorl above by about 65 coarse, oblique, subarcuate cost, that end rather ab- ruptly at the periphery; toward ATA the apex they become gradually MOT RSQ smaller or obsolete, apical whorl , (hAGE ‘ WR §AQ S smooth; below the periphery the coste become obsolete and the surface has an indented or malleated appearance. Umbili- cus wide, one entire whorl (be- side the body whorl) being visible below. Aperture sublunate, nar- rowed above, lip broad, unevenly reflected, slightly thickened on the base, giving the appearance of an obsolete tooth, callus con- tinuous over the parietal wall and bearing a prominent oblique process, that is subtruncate above, but extends narrowly toward the base. Alt. 6 mm., greatest diam. 11 mm. Two specimens, (one immature) from the material collected by the late Dr. H. G. Griffith from the Pliocene beds of the Caloosahatchie ‘River, Florida. 68 THE NAUTILUS. Type No. 9316 Collection of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. This species belongs to the typical cereolus section, but has the size and form of P. uvulifera. Dr. Dall records P. cereolus microdonta from the Caloosahatchie beds (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. iii, pt. 1, p. 19), but this species cannot be confounded with that. VIVIPAROUS MIOCENE TURRITELLIDE. BY FRANK BURNS. I have lately made one of the most interesting discoveries that I have met with in all my work in the Southern Tertiary, and send you below the facts for publication. I lately went to Plum Point, a classical spot in Maryland, to try to get a fair representation of the fauna there, as the beds and shells are so friable that it has been heretofore almost impossible to do so. I have a large amount of marl and many hundreds of the larger bi- valves, collected to get the small things enclosed in the matrix be- tween the valves, also in such gastropods as I could get out without breaking. In looking over some sand I came across a small frag- ment of Zurritella cumberlandia Con., 21 mm. long and 11 mm. wide, and out of this I obtained over two hundred embryonic shells that were enclosed in the mother shell. Of all the great number of thousands of such shells that I have heretofore collected, I never saw anything like this, nor have I read of it, These embryonic shells were never born, so to speak. Their mother died with them enclosed, and, as the animal decayed, the front of the aperture was closed with fine silt, leaving the embryonic shells intact, where they have remained for an immense period of time, as this is the lowest fossiliferous bed in the Miocene. These embryonic shells are about one millimetre in length and about as wide. I have heretofore collected very young Turritellide from fine sand where they had died, but never before saw one in the parent fossil. A fine point for investigation is whether the recent Turri- tellide are oviparous or viviparous. The literature that I have access to is a little hazy on the subject. Since writing the above I have found another specimen in the same condition, but of a different species, Zurritella indenta Con.; both from the same bed at Plum Point. THE NAUTILUS. 69 The last specimen was bored by a mollusk and, of course, died before spawning. As saon as I removed a small portion of sand the little fellows came pouring out by the hundred, so that I have du- plicated the most interesting find of my life. NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio unicostatus, sp. nov. Shell thin, obovate, somewhat inflated, inequilateral. Smooth, with distant and inconspicuous growth lines; epidermis olivaceous with numerous, well separated, indistinct, broad green rays through- out the entire disk, but which are usually most distinct on the pos- terior half: dorsal margin short and straight, anterior margin very short and abruptly rounded, base sub-emarginate, posterior margin rounded and usually (in the male) biangulated; umbos prominent, beaks eroded, umbonal angle obsolete; posterior area with a single little rib extending from beak to the superior posterior margin; beak cavities well defined; dorsal cicatrices deep and close up under the beaks, anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior ones confluent and all smooth; lateral teeth slender, straight and prominent; cardinals lamellate, oblique and prominent; nacre pale flesh color, pink or red. Width 14, length 1, diameter 2 inches. Habitat: Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga. Type in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, U. lenosus. A large lot of these shetls has been in hand for two years—and some have been distributed to con- tributors to the collecting fund under the name of U. nigrinus Lea, and U. lienosus Con. var. Its outline is much more obovate than either species and it is smaller and thinner than the latter. The female shells of wnicostatus show a still further departure from both of the above-named species in developing a far greater degree of ex- pansion on the base. The little rib on the posterior area is also a distinguishing feature, though it is sometimes nearly obsolete. Its epidermis is never black like that of U. négrinus. 70 THE NAUTILUS. GENERAL NOTES. LAND SHELLS OF Berks Co., PENNSYLVANIA.—During August of the present year [T spent some days in Amity township, Berks Co., Pa. Only a few hours were given to collecting, the following species being obtained: Polygyra albolabris (Say), P. tridentata (Say), P. hirsuta (Say). Vallonia pulchella (Mill). bifidaria armifera (Say). Pyramidula striatella catskillensis (Pils.). Hlelicodiscus lineatus (Say). Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Gastrodonta suppressa (Say). Vitrea rhoadsi Pils., V. indentata (Say). A griolimax campestris (Binn.). This extends the range of Pyramidula striatella catskillensis, not hitherto found in Pennsylvania, and adds another locality for Vitrea rhoadsi. The other species are of course common and widely dis- tributed.—H. A. Pilsbry. PuHysA CUBENSIS IN FrLoR1IpA.—The small, slender, glossy Physa of peninsular Florida often goes under the name P. pomilia Conr., in collections. Recognizing that this was incorrect, I gave the MS. name “P. heterostropha peninsule”’ to the specimens col- lected at Miami by Mr. S. N. Rhoads (this journal, p. 48). On comparing with Antillean forms I find that the species is Physa cubensis Pfr., described from western Cuba.—H. A. Pilsbry. SHELLS COLLECTED AT OAKDALE, MorGan Co., TEnN.—Dur- ing a few hours stay, the following species were collected on the bluffs along the Emory River. Polygyra stenotrema Fér. Polygyra exoleta Binn. 2 dead and poor. Polygyra wetherbyi Bld. 4 alive and poor. Polygyra tridentata Say Var. 4 alive, one dead. Polygyra appressa sculptior Chad. Saw many dead ones. Polygyra appressa perigrapta Pils. 1 alive—saw a few dead. Omphalina laevigata Pfr. 1 young alive—several dead. Gastrodonta interna Say. Am sending you one of the tridentata. You will note the teeth are THE NAUTILUS. 71 like var. complanata but the sculpture is like tridentata. My largest shell, the dead one, is 205 mm. diam. I thought at first they were complanata but on comparing with typical shells from Burnside, Ky., collected by Sargent, I saw the difference.—Geo. H. Clapp. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Notes ON THE MOLLUSCA OF THE ARABIAN SEA, PERSIAN GuLF, AND GULF OF Oman, mostly dredged by Mr. B, W. Townsend, with descriptions of twenty-seven species by Jas. Cosmo Melvill. Ann. aud Mag. of Nat. Hist. ser 7, Vol. iv. pp. 81-01 pls. i, ii, Aug. 1899. REPORT ON THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OBTAINED DURING THE First ExprepiTion oF Pror. A. C. Happon To THE TorRES STRAITS in 1888-89. By Jas. Cosmo Melvill, and Robt. Standen. Linn. Soc. Journ. Zobl, Vol. xxvii, pp. 150-206, pls. 10, 11, 1899. Review of the work done in that region with a list of the collect- ing stations of Prof. Haddon is followed by a catalogue of the species. 449 species are recorded, including 24 that are new. One new genus of Neritide, Magadis, and a new subgenus of Pholadomya Sowb., Parilimya, are described. The paper closes with some very interest- ing remarks on the few recent species of Pholadomya.—C. W. J. West AMERICAN EvLimip&, By Edw. G. Vanatta. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1899, pp. 254-257, pl. xi. Three new species are described and Hulima compacta Cpr., E. micans “ Cpr.’’ Reeve, and £. rutilis Cpr. are redescribed and figured. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL Soctety or Lonpon. Vol. III, no. 5, July, 1899. Lieut-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen deliv- livered the Presidential Address on February 10 on the subject of Indian malacology, a field which he has made peculiarly his own. The address begins with an interesting sketch of the workers on In- dian mollusks, and continues with a review of the progress and_pre- sent state of our knowledge of the most prominent and characteristic forms of the mollusk life of India. Particularly interesting are the paragraphs upon Camptoceras and the Zonitide. The development of the latter group in India is enormous in number of genera and species, and remarkable in the series of forms leading to slug-like genera such as Girasia. And as it is to Godwin- Austen himself that me THE NAUTILUS. we owe a knowledge of the anatomy of these forms, his ideas of the succession and relationships of the genera will naturally carry great weight. Godwin-Austen is emphatic in opinion that the slug-lke genera trace their ancestry to forms with well-developed shells, Macrochlamys standing in an ancestral relation to Austenta and Girasia. This goes to confirm the doctrine that naked forms are never primitive pulmonates. The address will well repay careful reading by those interested in land snails. Messrs Wm. Moss and W. M. Webb give .the results of the dis- section of Trachycystis, Doreasia and Jsomeria. In Dorcasia globulus the genital system was found to be simple, as in Polygyra, but the vas deferens is bound to the penis distally. Jsomeria subeastanea is the first species of its subgenus to be dissected, and the anatomy proves it to have been rightly located in the genus Plurodonte. It has a special feature in having the penis retractor muscle inserted on the epiphallus, as in the allied Oriental forms. ‘The male organs in particular ré- semble those of Chlorites portert more nearly than they do Pleuro- donte.”” In his notes on the non-marine molluscan fauna of the Hawaiian Is., Mr. Ancey gives descriptions, notes and figures of numerous fon] little-known and new forms; a new genus, 7haanwmia,is proposed. In a succeeding paper, Mr. Sykes figures numerous hitherto unfigured Hawaiian land shells described by Ancey and Gulick. This is a most valuable and welcome contribution. A new Dinoplax, D. fossus, is described by Mr. E. R. Sykes. Like the type of the genus, it is from South Africa. Mr. Smith describes a large snail from Perak as Hemiplecta flowert. Mrs. Agnes Kenyon gives the history of the seven specimens of Voluta Roadnighte at present known, all being from various localities on the coast of Victoria. The largest measures 8 inches in length. The number closes with an article by Mr. H. Suter, describing six new forms of New Zealand land shells. The soft anatomy of several is figured, andin /lammulina (Pyrrha) virescens a peculiar flat ap- pendiculum, inserted opposite the entrance of the spermatheca, was found. This is a new structure for the Hndodontide, and the ex- amination of allied species will be looked for with interest. ae N SUTILUS. VoL. XIII. NOVEMBER, 1899. No. “I DONAX STULTORUM, MAWE—CONRAD’S SPECIES, CYTHEREA CRASSATELLOIDES. BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS. On delving into the literature and resurrecting the little known work of some good old forgotten author, in pursuance of the law of priority, we have to rehabilitate an overlooked name at the expense of a better and more appropriate one, that has been in use for nearly two-thirds of a century. Of course this results in some confusion, and the revision of labels, catalogues, etc., which is no trifling affair. An instance of this kind is seen in the case of the well-known Cytherea (Tivela) crassatelloides of Conrad (1837), of Californian waters, which now, though the specific name is highly appropriate, is found to conflict with that of st/torum of Mawe, who figured it in 1823, from a young example, assigning it to the genus Donax. The late Dr. Philip Carpenter, who was inclined to be conservative in cases of this kind, while mentioning Mawe’s species in the British Association Report, 1863, p. 524, and in the tabulated list of the shells of the Vanvouver and Californian province, same volume (p. 640), adheres to Conrad’s name and says, ‘‘ jun. = stu/torum Gray.” With over a hundred juniors before me, measuring from three- fourths to an inch and a half (19 to 37 mm.) in length, it seems strange that this form, even in its adolescent stages, should have been regarded as a Donax. On page 526, of his report as above, Carpenter says ‘‘[the young of this Pachydesma is ‘ Trigona stult- 74 THE NAUTILUS. orum Gray,’ Desh., MS., in British Museum.]’’ The earlier syn- onymy may be arranged thus:? 1823. Donax stultorwum Mawe. The Linn. Syst. Conch., pp. 37, 40, pl. 9, f. 7 (no description; locality ‘* Indian Seas’’). 1828. Donax stultorum Mawe, Gray. Index Testaceologicus, Suppl., pl. 2, Donax, f. 2. Also Hanley’s edit., 1856 (no deserip- tion). 1837. Cytherea ( Trigonella) crassatelloides Conrad. Journ. Acad. Wat/ Sei.; Phila. vii: pt. 2, p..253 plexi ee. 1838. Trigona stultorum Gray. The Analyst, viii, p. 804 (no de- scription; refers to ‘“ Venus stultorum Gray, Wood, Suppl. t. 2, f. 2.” This is a false reference for Donax stultorum, loc. cit.). 1843. Cytherea crassatelloides Con., Hanley. Descript. Catal. Ree. Biv. Shells, p. 106. 1843. Cytherea stultorum Gray, Hanley. Descript. Catal. Ree. Biv. Shells, p. 106. (First deseription of stultorwm.) 1844. Cytherea (Trigonella) crassatelloides Con., Hinds. Zool. Voy. Hove S..<° Sulphur,” Moll., Go pls alenicek 1849. Trigonella crassatelloides Conrad, Journ. A. N. S., Phila., i, pt. 3, p. 213. 18— (?). Cytherea crassatelloides Con., Sowerby. Thes. Conch., ii, p. 612, pl. 127, f. 1-8. (C. stultorum placed in synonymy as the young.) 1853. Trigona crassatelloides Con., Desh., Catal. Conchif. Coll. Bea MM. pte kp. 46. 1853. Trigona stultorum Gray, Deshayes. Catal. Conchif. Coll. Bo Mipt. lop: 46: 1864. Cytherea crassatelloides Con., Reeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. XV), plod. te 3. 1898. Cytherea (Tivela) crassatelloides Conrad. Stearns in Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, vol. xxi, pp. 371-878, plates xxiii-xxv. Conrad never actually used the combination ‘“ Pachydesma cras- satelloides,”’ though it is implied in his brief note of 1854. This species exhibits many varietal aspects, as is shown in the paper last referred to. The generic synonymy is as follows : Trigonella Conrad, 1837. Journ. A. N. S., Phila., vii, pt. 2, p. 1 Dr. Pilsbry has kindly assisted me in compiling the literary history of this species. THE NAUTILUS. 4o 253 (proposed as a subgenus of Cytherea; type and sole species Cytherea crassatelloides Conr.). Trigonella Conrad, 1849. Journ. A. N.S., Phila., I, 213 (diag- nosis of genus). Pachydesma Conrad, 1854. Proc. Acad. N. %., Phila., vii, p. 31 (‘note on the genus 7rigonella Con. This name being superseded, I propose to substitute that of Pachydesma”’). Prior to 1843 no description of Donax stultorum was published— not a line except the name and the locality, “ Indian Seas.” The specimen figured by Mawe is young, and apparently the color-var. triserialis. The first description was by Hanley in 1843. Gray merely refers ‘to the plate in Index Testac. Suppl., not even to Mawe’s earlier publication. Query: Should Mawe’s figure, which is quite recognizable, but without description and with a false locality and erroneous generic reference, displace Conrad’s name, which was from a known locality, was well defined, and was accompanied by a good figure of the typi- cal many-rayed shell ? NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio singularis, sp. nov. Shell uniformly and moderately solid, wide, rather inflated and very inequilateral. Surface sulcate, with distant growth lines; epidermis dark olive, rayless, finely wrinkled, and towards the base becoming fuscous; dorsal margin slightly arched, anterior margin abruptly rounded, base straight or subemarginate, posterior margin bluntly rounded or biangulated; beaks not prominent, and sur- rounded by five or six sharp concentric ridges which gradually merge into the sulcations on the umbos; umbonal ridge bluntly rounded ; lateral teeth erect, solid, straight, widely separated from the cardinals and, in the left valve, from each other, single in the right and double (?) in the left valve, the superior division possessing scarcely prominence enough to warrant calling it a tooth; cardinal teeth solid, double in the left and single in the right valves ; the single one being deeply serrated on its summit; beak cavities very slight ; 76 THE NAUTILUS. anterior cicatrices smooth, well-impressed and distant; posterior cicatrices slightly impressed, smooth and confluent ; nacre pale blue, white or coppery. Width, 22; length, 12; diameter, 3 inches. Habitat: Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga. | Type lot in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, Unto scamnatus Morel. The roughness of the surface of this singular shell is the one feature that at once arrests attention. We know of no other U.S. species of this class (as to outline) that possesses such a surface. It is not, however, so con- spicuously furrowed as its affinity. AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE NATURAL GROUPS OF STROMBS. BY GEO. HALCOTT CHADWICK. Having recently had the privilege of studying a fine series of the living species of Strombus, Pterocera and Terebellum, the opportunity seemed favorable for a critical examination of the entire group. As T am not aware that any similar attempt has been made to revise the Strombi, the results obtained are respectfully submitted to the scien- tific world. Lacking anatomical data, I have freely used neglected and sometimes indefinable features of the shells as guides to their inter-relationships. Forced to recognize some new groups, I have left the secondary matter of names to those more skilled in nomen- clature, but have indicated the probable application of the titles already in use, as to the types of which scarcely any two authors, save Tryon and Fischer, agree. Of the species and varieties of Strombus recognized in Tryon’s monograph, I have seen all but S. cnteger, taurus, listert, dilatatus, labiosus, deformis, septimus, minimus, sibbaldi, erythrinus (true), pul- chellus, hellii, sealariformis and bulbulus, although S. goliath, fusifor- mis and terebellatus were not now before me. All ten of the Ptero- cere were at hand. The grouping of the species which seems to me most in accordance with their natural relations, as indicated by shell features and geo- graphical distribution, is as follows: Group A (Monodactylus). Canal lengthened, bent abruptly dorsally; lip with margin straight- ened, incurled, truneated at both ends, bearing a posterior digitation THE NAUTILUS. (fei originating above the shoulder angle ; body regularly sculptured with spiral striz and rows of nodules ; spire elegant, high, without varices; suture suddenly, vertically ascending at aperture ; columellar callus thinning rapidly, or with an impressed area, posteriorly; no conspic- uous periostracum. S. auris-diane, melanostomus, aratrum, australis. Distribution: Mauritius to Japan and Polynesia. The American forms and tricornis, included by Tryon, differ con- siderably (note the italicized passages above) from this very natural little Indo-Pacific group, and are grouped elsewhere. Group B (nov.). Canal bent back, the columellar callus terminating below in a prom- ment knob, giving a bilobed appearance ; lip with the antesinual lobe directed forward, the outer margin inrolled and thickened, descending from the suture and lobed in the posterior sinus; body with spzral rows of squarish nodules ; spire moderate. S. papilio, lentiginosus. Distr.: Zanzibar to Polynesia. The wide difference between these two species and the smooth ones allied to daciniatus is readily seen from the above definition, while many points of resemblance with Group A will be detected, suggest- ing community of origin. Sub-group B 2. Callus prominent below, hardly knobbed ; lip edge sharp, ‘‘hooded”’ posteriorly, but not lobed; spire A¢gh, nodular. S. granulatus. Panama and Galapagos. This species, which differs utterly from all other American forms, agrees too closely in many respects with the lentiginosus group, and seems to form a geographically isolated section. Group C (Strombus). Shell large and strong; canal not much lengthened, somewhat curved or stniwous; lip widely expanded, especially above, where it is sometimes lobed; suture ascending at aperture; body spirally corded ; periostracum thick and coarse, spirally wave-striolate. S. gallus, gigas, goliath, costatus, integer, bituberculatus, bubonius, galeatus, peruvianus. Distr.; American, South Carolina to Brazil, Mazatlan to Peru; West African. 78 THE NAUTILUS. I can find no reliable feature by which to separate the American ‘‘monodactyl”’? species (the posterior lobe, which is derived from the shoulder-angle and is not homologous with the digitation of the Oriental forms, being incipient in gigas itself), and I have detected the peculiar periostracum in all but gallus. Moreover in the char- acters of spire and body gallus agrees with gigas, bituberculatus with costatus (and has a variety corresponding with ¢nerm/s), and peruvi- anus with galeatus, and this accords with their geographical range. Sub-group C 2. Canai short, straight; lip scarcely expanded, with margin faintly incurled, deeply receding at the suture, and not surmounting the shoulder of the penultimate whorl ; body nearly smooth; periostracum finely, densely, vertically lamellose; inner lip spreading. S. pugilis, gracilior. Antillean and West Mexican. The last clause of the definition is needed to distinguish this small American group from Conomurex luhuanus, which it strangely par- allels. Only a conservative spirit and the occasional presence of wave-striolations on the periostracum induce me to give this group secondary rank under group C. Group D (Euprotomus). Canal very short, with the dorsal margin produced beyond the short tip of the straightened columella ; lip with the antesinual lobe broad, rolled upward and inward, the outer margin broadly and abruptly inflected ; body with a large node; spire high, whorts nodulous. S. laciniatus, latissimus, ponderosus, taurus. Distr.; Japan to Fiji Is. S. tricornis. Red Sea. The last species is aberrant in its single posterior lobe and obso- lescent inflection of the lip margin, but the resemblance to peruevanus is evidently deceptive. S. tawrus strikingly emphasizes the close al- liance of this group to Group E (Pterocera). This group need not be redefined. It has the peculiar form of antesinual lobe of the preceding group, and differs mainly in the elongated canals and numerous lip-claws. (To be continued.) THE NAUTILUS. ; de NOTE ON SOME NEW MEXICAN SHELLS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Professor T. D. A. Cockerell recently sent a small box of fluvia- tile debris containing shells, obtained during the past summer by Professor J. D. Tinsley at South Spring Creek, near Roswell, N. M. The list of species follows: Polygyra texasiana (Moric.) Planorbis exacutus Say. Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Ancylus rivularis Say. Zonitoides minusculus (Binn.). Physa virgata Gld. Carychium exiguum (Say). Paludestrina seemanni (¥fid.). Limnea humilis Say. Amnicola sp. Planorbis biearinatus Say. Pisidium compressum Prime. There was a single dead specimen of the Ammn7cola, which is prob- ably a new species somewhat like A. mécrococcus, but more conic. With the shells were numerous minute bivalve crustaceans of the Cypris type, and some of the Valvata-like larva-cases of Helicopsyche, composed of much coarser materials than are chosen by our eastern H. arenifera. AMONG THE UNIOS OF THE SABINE RIVER. BY L. S. FRIERSON. The Sabine River forms part of the boundary between Texas and Louisiana. The Houston, East & West Texas Railroad crosses the river at Logansport, a thriving village of about one-half mile in diam- eter. This town derives its support from an immense saw-mill, one of the Jargest in the world. It is worthy of a trip to see the huge logs pulled about, and in a few minutes turned into finished lumber, loaded into cars and ready to go unto the uttermost parts of the world. But it was not lumber for which I took my trip to the Sabine, but to describe the river and its inhabitants. This river flows through and over immense sand banks. Its walls are fifty feet high, and mainly of pure sand from top to bottom. At the time of my visit it was so low that even a flat-bottomed skiff could not be paddled up it, except here and there in pools. As 80 THE NAUTILUS. soon as we were out of sight of the town we waded into the river. In the clear water the Unios could be seen and picked up, and in a couple of hours we had collected about 1,000 and returned to the town, and shipped our catch home. By this time the August sun was at a heat of about 92°, and we spent the rest of the day trying to keep cool. By the next train we came home, and cleaned up and assorted our booty. ‘They were a rich lot. You lovers of Unio, read the list: Unio multiplicatus Lea. Unio trapezoides Lea. Unio perplicatus Con. with several ‘‘aliases.”’ Unio purpuratus Lam., very numerous and large. Unio anodontoides Lea., rather scarce, and very poor. Unio cornutus Barnes. Fine. Unio sphaericus Lea. Unio refulgens Lea. Unio hydianus Lea. ' Unio castaneus Lea. Unio gracilis Bar., very abundant. Unio nigerrimus Lea. the smooth, one-whorled nucleus, situated near the posterior margin ; surface nearly smooth, somewhat irregular, mesially with small faint radial not very close-set ridges, covered with an imbricated dense soft glistening periostracum which projects beyond the margins ; in- terior polished, white, with faint rosy rays extending from the apex to the anterior margin; Alt. 10, lon. before the apex 80, behind it 0.0, total basal length 56.5, average width 29 mm. This fine shell was found on the flat valve of Pecten diegensis Dall (floridus Hinds non Gmelin), in 20 to 25 fathoms off San Pedro, California. Carpenter reported some fragments of Capulus from Mazatlan, but these were not really sufficient to establish the presence of the genus. The present species is related to C. ealyptra Martyn, of Japan, and C. hungaricus of the northeast Atlantic. It is less elevated than either, the sculpture is much fainter than in C, hungaricus and the apex is less Conspicuous, more posterior and less coiled. I have several times received a small shell collected among kelp roots and variously mottled or tinted with purple or reddish-brown and yellow. A very young specimen of this kind was described by Carpenter under the name of Pseplis tellimyalis. It is nota Psephis but has the characters of Petricola. J have suspected for a lone time it was the young of P. carditocdes, but have not yet seen enough material to make this certain, and therefore suggest that Pacific coast students should endeavor to solve the problem. MOLLUSCA ASSOCIATED WITH MASTODON REMAINS. I have received from Dr. Arthur Mead Edwards, the well-known ? microscopist of Newark, N. J., certain Molluscan forms for deter- THE NAUTILUS. 101 mination. It will be noticed, they are all common fresh-water species. The first lot includes Planorbis parvus, P. campanulatus, Limnea humilis, Physa heterostropha, Valvata carinata and V. sin- cera; all of the above Say’s species. The foregoing are from the ‘‘fossiliferous sands overlying the clays of Essex county,’ Ontario, Canada (‘“Ple/stocene’’), and are associated with Mastodon remains. They were collected in 1897 by Dr. Henry M. Ami, of the Can- adian Geological Survey, and sent to Dr. Edwards by the collector, presumably with microscopic material. In the second lot, there is only the single species Planorbis parcus Say; this was found associated with Mastodon remains at Newburgh, N. Y., by F. W. Schaffer (in 1899), who sent the examples to Dr. Edwards. Of the species named herein, P. parvus and L. humilis exhibit a wide distribution in the past as well as in the present times. Both of these are reported as occurring living, and fossil, in the Lahontan and Bonneville areas of the Great Basin; P. heterostropha, living in both, but semi-fossil only in Bonneville. V. s‘ncera credited to Salt Lake, living, by its collector Henry Hemphill, is represented as a semi-fossil in the Bonneville area by Call’s var. Utahensis. The oceurrence of living examples in either of the areas mentioned, is not noted in Call’s list of Great Basin mollusca.'| While Z. /wm- ilis is everywhere, east and west, north, and pretty widely dispersed towards the south, P. campanulatus as a much more restricted range and has yet to be reported west of the Rocky Mountains. I have to thank Mr. C. W. Johnson of the Wagner Free Institute for kind attention connected with the above. Rost. E. C. STEARNS. Los Angeles, Cal., October, 1899. DREDGING IN SAN DIEGO BAY. BY F. W. KELSEY. The use of the dredge has afforded me a great deal of pleasure, while furnishing me with a goodly amount of wholesome physical exercise so much needed by those following sedertary occupations, and the specimens thus obtained add largely to my local collection. While working in the bay I use a dredge cutting but 14 inches, 1 Bulletin No. ii.,.0. 8 Geographical Survey. 102 THE NAUTILUS. operated from a roomy, flat-bottomed skiff propelled by oars, and I do most of my work alone, during the early morning hours while the water is quiet. The dredgings are carefully worked over while rest- ing between * pulls,” and when I am ready to return home the re- sults of my day’s work are, so to speak, “all in a nutshell.’ In from 2 to 5 fathoms on mud bottom I find Marginella pyrifor- mis, Marginella regularis, Myurella simplex, Drillia hemphilli, Eulima micans, Eulima rutila, Thracia curta, Mactra californica (young), Ollivella boetica, Angulus modestus, Angulus variegatus, Angulus ob- tusus, Dentalium nevheragonum, Lyonsia californica, Mangelia angu- lata and Cadulus nitentior. As we go toward the channel the depth increases and the bottom is a mixture of sand and mud. Here in from 5 to 8 fathoms we find Yoldia coopert (young) and Leda taphira. The channel proper ranges from 8 to 14 fathoms and the bottom generally consists of coarse, yellow sand and decomposed and broken shells, among which we find both live and dead specimens of Semele pulchra, Corbula luteola, Isapis fenestrata, Isapis obtusa, Caecum cali- Sornicum, Caecum crebricostatum, Scala hindsii and Aesopus chrys- alloideus. Scattered among the above species, we find many stray specimens of such shells as Nassa perpinguis, Nassa coopert, Nassa mendica, Nassa tegula, Calliostoma tricolor, Calliostoma gemmulatum, Callios- toma canaliculatum, and many other species which are generally found upon the low flats at low tides and which are scarcely worth mention- ing as dredge species. I find that for dredging in shallow waters a dredge made of galvanized iron without any net but having a screen bottom produces as good results as any, and is much more easily manipulated. A LIST OF SHELLS FROM NORTHEASTERN MAINE. BY OLOF 0. NYLANDER, CARIBOU, MAINE. The following is a list of land and fresh water shells collected in the northeastern part of Maine, principally along the Aroostook and Fish Rivers. Valuable assistance has been received from Prof. H. A. Pilsbry and Mr. Bryant Walker. All the Pisidia, and nearly all the minute land shells have been is THE NAUTILUS. 103 critically examined by Dr. V. Sterki, without whose generous assist- ance it would have been impossible to determine the many small species. There is some additional material in the hands of Dr. Sterki, which when straightened out will probably add a number to the list. Most of the species are distributed over the whole area, and the names of localities are only cited in referring to species that are very local in their distribution. In this list are included a number of species that have been cited as doubtful in Maine, and the new species recently collected by me. List oF SPECIES. Acanthinula hurpa Say. One specimen at Fort Kent. Vallonia pulchella Mill. Gardens in Caribou and Presque Isle. Vallonia excentrica Sterki. Rare, Caribou. Polygyra albolabris Say. Not common, Polygyra Sagii Binn. Well distributed. Polygyra dentifera Binn. Rather common. Polygyra monodon Rackett. Common in some localities. Strobilops labyrinthica Say. Plentiful in this region. Strobilops virgo Pils. Rare (identified by Dr. V. Sterki). Bifidaria pentodon Say. ‘ Resemble eurvidens more than any others I have seen ’’ (Sterki). Near Caribou stream, Woodland. Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Plentiful in some localities. Vertigo ventricosa elatior Sterki. Common along streams, in Woodland, Caribou and New Sweden. Vertigo bollesiana Morse. Rare; collected in woodland, Vertigo Gouldii Binn. Not very abundant. Vertigo Gouldii paradora Sterki. “Fine examples with the two palatal folds continuous and one angular” (Sterk7). Woodland, rare. Cochicopa lubrica Miill. Houlton, Presque Isle, Caribou, Fort Kent and Portage Lake, abundant in these localities. Vitrina limpida Gld. Caribou and Presque Isle, found in large numbers this summer at Fort Kent. Vitrea hammouts Strom. Fairly distributed. Vitrea Binneyana Morse. Little Madawaska Lake and along Caribou stream in Woodland and Caribou. Vitrea ferrea Morse. In company with V. Binneyana. These species are rarely found. Conulus fulvus Mull. Everywhere. 104 THE NAUTILUS. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Common everywhere. Zonitoides exiquus Stimp. Fairly common. Zonittoides milium Morse. Quite rare. Woodland. Pyramidula alternata Say. Common. Pyramidula alternata alba. One living specimen obtained in the north of Woodland. Pyramidula striatella Anth. Plentiful. Pyramidula striatella? var. Shell greenish-white, animal nearly white. Can this be Patula cronkhited Newe.? lt is about the same size as P. striatella. Pyramidula asteriscus Morse. Caribou, Woodland and Madawaska Lake. Rare. FHlelicodiscus lineatus Say. Widely distributed, nowhere abundant. Punctum pygmeum Drap. Rare. Sphyradium edentulum Dray. Well-distributed. Sucetnea obliqua Say. Common everywhere. Succinea ovals Gld. Succinea avara Say. Common in wet places on Jake shores and river fiats, together with S. ovalrs. Carychium exiguum Say. Very abundant in wet places every- where. Carychium exile Lea. Not common; found with C. extguum. Aplexa hypnorum Linne. In ditches along the roads in three dif- ferent places in Woodland; specimens abundant. Physa heterostropha Say. Common in all streams. Physa ancillaria Say. Only seen at Square Lake Inlet. Lenmea emarginata Say = ampla Mighels and Limnea emarginata Mighels, Binn. From Cross Lake, Square Lake, Portage Lake, Fish River, Saint John River, at Fort Kent and Aroostook River. This is an extremely variable species, Caribou individuals differ greatly in every locality. Limnea desidiosa Say. Aroostook River, Caribou stream, Salmon Brook. Limnea humilis Say. Common in damp places and ditches along the roads. Planorbis trivolv’s Say. Common in Barren Brook, Caribou. In Caribou Lake, Washburn, and in nearly every small lake I have seen in Aroostook county, fine specimens can be obtained. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Cross Lake, Square Lake, Eagle Lake and Portage Lake. THE NAUTILUS. 105 Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Aroostook River, Fish River and Saint Jolin River. Planorbis bicarinatus aroostookensis Pils. East branch of Salmon Brook, Woodland, and Caribou stream, in Caribou. Planorbis hirsutus Gld. Common and widely distributed. Planorbis deflectus Say. Salmon Brook Woodland, rare; Portage Lake. Planorbis parvus Say. Common in brooks and lakes. Planorbis exacutus Say. Portage and Square Lakes ; rare. Planorbis crista Linné, var. cristata Drap. Barren Brook, Cari- bou. This species. was recorded in Tue Naurtitus, Vol. X, page 117, by Mr. Bryant Walker as P. nautileus Linne. Mr. A. W. Hanham, on page 130, and Geo. W. Taylor, on page 159 of the same volume use the name of P. nautileus. Dr. v. Sterki and Prof. H. A. Pilsbry say “it is Planorbis ecrista Linné, var. eristafus Drap. It occurs in northern Europe.” Ancylus rivularis Say. Caribou stream, Collin’s Millpond, very large specimens. Ancylus parallelus Wald. Cross Lake and many smaller lakes and streams. Ancylus ? Madawaska River, New Sweden. Ancylus tardus Say. Aroostook River, Caribou. Ancylus borealis ? Morse. Saint John River, Fort Kent. Mr. Bryant Walker says it is identical with this rare form. Valvata tricarinata Say. Little Madawaska River, New Sweden and the Fish River Lakes. Valvata sincera Say. Dredged in the Fish River Lakes. Campeloma decisum Say. Widely distributed throughout Aroostook and Fish Rivers. Four young s/n/stral shells were taken from a nor- mal dextral female from Portage Lake. Amnicola limosa Say. Common everywhere, and very variable in form. In my former article in THe Naurtitus, Vol. xi., p. 10, it is called Pomatiopsis. A. Cinetnnatiens’s Lea. Unio complanatus Sol. Lakes and streams ; common. Margaritana margaritifera Linné. Aroostook River. Margaritana undulata Say. Lakes and rivers. Anodonta fragilis Lam. Generally distributed, some very large specimens in the muddy bottom of Salmon Brook Lake. Perham. 106 THE NAUTILUS. Spherium simile Say. Generally distributed. Spherium striatinum Lam. Fish River and Saint John River at Fort Kent. Spherium rhomboideum Say, Fine specimen in Gelot Lake, New Sweden, and all the smaller Jakes of the Little Madawoska river system. Calyculina securis Prime. Aroostook River. Calyculina securis cardissa Prime. Square Lake and other localities. Pisidium abditium Hald. Common. Pisidium adamsi Prime. Cross Lake Inlet. ' Pisidium equilaterale Prime. Portage Lake. Little Madawaska River. Pisidium contortum Prime. Rear Mud Lake, Perham and West- moreland. Pisidium compressum Prime. Generally abundant. Pisidium ferrugineum Prime. Fogelin Lake, New Sweden and many other localities. Pisidium fallax Sterki. Aroostook River. Pisidium fallax boreale Sterki. Aroostook River at Caribou and Little Madawaska River, New Sweden. Pisidium milium Held. South branch Caribou Stream, Woodland and Sawyer’s Brook, Castle Hill. Pisidium medianum minutum Sterki. Hacket’s Mill Brook, a tributary of Caribou Stream in the northern part of Woodland. Pisidium pauperculum Sterki. Little Madawaska River. Pisidium pauperculum nylandert Sterki. Dredged in Portage Lake. Pisidium politum Sterki. Portage Lake and Cross Lake. Pisidium punetatum Sterki. Portage Lake, Little Madawaska River. Pisidium roperi Sterki. Johnson Brook on the Fort Kent road and north of Perbam. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki. Barren Brook, Caribou and many other localities. Pisidium ventricosum Prime. Barren Brook, Caribou. Pisidium variabile Prime. Common everywhere. Pisidium walkert Sterki. Barren Brook, Caribou. Pisidium walkeri mainense Sterki. Hacket’s Mill Brook, Wood- land and many other localities. THE NAUTILUS. 107 SOME ZONITIDZ COLLECTED BY J. H. FERRISS IN ARKANSAS AND THE CHOCTAW NATION. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Some account of shells collected by Mr. J. H. Ferriss in Arkansas and Choctaw Nation was published in THe Nauritus for August of this year. A series of Zonitide collected at the same time affords some interesting data. Vatrea simpsoni ( Pils.) was taken at Poteau, in the eastern part of the Choctaw nation on Poteau river, near the State of Arkansas. It resembles V. capsella, but differs in the tri- angular forfi of the aperture. Gastrodonta demissa, typical, was taken in Arkansas near Texar- kana, and at Tushkahomma and Poteau in the Choctaw Nation. At both Tushkahomma and Poteau adorm having the characteris- tic lens-shaped contour, brilliant gloss and basal striation of dem/ssa occurred, differing from demissa in having a long and strong lamella within, like the outer lamella of G. gularis. There is no trace of an inner or columellar lamella, such as gu/aris and suppressa generally show, and the general form of the shell is entirely that of demissa, quite unlike swppressa. The umbilicus is a small round puncture, as of a pin stuck through a sheet of paper, quite as in typical demssa ; and the periphery is subangular. In G. suppressa the periphery is well rounded and the umbilicus larger. This variety may be called var. /amellata, It is most interesting as connecting the gularis group with the gera group of Gastrodonts. The form I described some years ago as Zonites brittsti, from Hot Springs, Ark., belongs also to demissa, from which it differs in the imperforate axis, and very slight excavation of the base in the center. A NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELL. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Polygyra uvulifera bicornuta n. v. Shell differing from the typical P. uevulifera (the type locality of which is Long Key, above mouth of Sarasota Bay), in being less de- pressed, the last whorl strongly grooved within the umbilicus, the aperture everywhere more contracted; parietal margin of the peri- stome strongly elevated, produced in two erect processes or ‘ liorns,” one at the junction of outer lip and parietal lip, another upon the part- etal lip near its inner termination, situated like the corresponding lobe 1038 THE NAUTILUS. of P. auriculata; a conspicuous pit penetrates under the parietal fold. Striation fine but regular and equally developed above and below. “as > about that of typical weuléfera. . Alt. 63, greatest diameter 145 mm. Alt. 6, greatest diameter 14 mm. Alt. 63, greatest diameter 13 mm. Aripeka, Hernando Co., Fla. (Mr. Geo. rae Hernando Co. and Longwood, Fla. (Mr. Van Hyning’s coll.). This form resembles P. auricu/ata at first sight, but the deep notch in the basal lip near its inner end, and the peculiar, flat, forward- running inner end of that lip, as well as the strong semicircular ridge on the parietal margin, one end of which enters: the de ‘ep notch men- tioned, the other forming the lower border of the main parietal fold —all ally it rather to P. weulifera. In P. auriculata there is no such notch in the basal lip, and the inner end of the latter is attenuated, not flattened and bent forward, It is an interesting intermediate form. . P. uvulifera varies a good deal in texture, color, size and striation, the largest and most solid shells before me nei sing from Long Key, the type loc: ality, where they are nearly smooth, the striation ubsolete ; ; diam. 15-14 mm. I have seen a great many specimens from both sides of the peninsula and the keys, but saw no variation toward the variety described above. In most localities P. w2ulifera diverges from the ‘ historic type,’ as found on Long Key, in being less chalky, and decidedly more strongly striate, the striaz thread- like. The size varies with locality. Thus at Miami, where it is numerous about a mile up the river on the south side, they measure 9 to 105 mm, diameter. They occur here under stones (limestone) i ina hot, sparsely -wooded plain exposed to the sun, in company with P. cereolus carpenteriana, Urocoptis, Macroceramus and andreas with an occasional Vaginulus, and moderate numbers of large black scorpions and tarantulas. At Palm Beach they are much larger, diam. 124-13 mm., and here the soil is sandy, and the forest luxuriant. Mr. Pine sent numerous specimens of uvulifera from Hernando Co. which differ from the Long Key types in being strongly striate and smaller. They are more narrowly umbilicated than P. weulifera bicornuta, with the opening rather less contracted, the umbilical groove on the last whorl generally less strong, and they want the accessony “horn’’ of the parietal margin. They are also more coarsely striate, and may be separated from young or immature bicor- nuta by the narrower umbilicus. I do not know whether these occur with the variety or at separate stations. The largest sent measures 12 mm. diameter. P. auriculata extends some distance down the east coast, and over to the middle of the State in the lake region. I have never seen it from the west coast counties, and would be glad to have data on its occurrence there if it has been found. 6 ye ee Nautinus Von. XIIT. PLATE II. Unto HAGLERI FRIERSON. Cae NA TLLOS. Von. XITI. FEBRUARY, 1900. No. 10. A NEW ALABAMA UNIO. BY LORRAINE 8S. FRIERSON. Plate I. Unio (=leurobema) Hagleri. Shell smooth, elliptical, unequilateral. Length, 2.1. Height, 1.6. Diameter, 1 (inches). (Dimensions are of a medium-sized shell; they are sometimes larger.) Beaks low; umbos somewhat inflated; umbonal slope rounded. Epidermis dark reddish brown, striate, rayless. Lines of growth numerous and well impressed. Nacre white, rarely rose, frequently spotted with green, iridescent in posterior. ‘Teeth double in left valve, single in the right. The anterior sinistral cardinal tooth is wedge-shaped, and nearly squarely cut off on top. Its axis is inclined at an angle of about 75° with that of its fellow, which is low, thick and triangular. The laterals are stout and slightly curved. Dorsal plate rather large. Muscle scars frequently confluent in front. Distinct behind and well impressed. Pallial scar well impressed in front, fainter behind. Cavity of the beaks shallow. Cavity of the shell excavated from the region of the beaks toward the posterior margin. The shell var- ies in form from an almost perfect ellipse (lower figure) to a form swollen in the post-basal region (upper figs.) similar to the females of Lampsilis. But there is no good reason to suppose this a sexual character. 110 THE NAUTILUS. Habitat, North River, Alabama, near Tynes. Examples may be seen in the National Museum and in the cabinet of Mr. W. A, Marsh, of Aledo, Illinois, and in my own. Thirty specimens re- ceived. The sbell is allied distinctly to ¢estructus Lea, and also to rubellus Conrad, and to troschelianus Lea. Some of them remind one of fasstnans Lea. From rubellus Conrad it may be distinguished by being longer, not so stout or inflated, It need not be confounded with the other shells named, as it differs from them entirely, although allied. It is named for the collector. Figured specimens are deposited in coll. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. SPECIES OF CHLOROSTOMA OF SOUTHERN AND EASTERN PATAGONIA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The genus Chlorostoma is essentially Pacific, being chiefly devel- oped upon the Pacific shores of Asia and North and South America. The former open strait between the Americas allowed it to spread to the Antillean region and eastern shores of the United States, where a number of species have existed from the tertiaries to the present time. A few forms also found their way around Cape Horn. The species have been generally divided between two genera, Ompha- fius, including the umbilicate forms; but this division is purely arti- ficial and unnatural, very closely allied species being separated by it, It would be better to drop Omphalius into the rubbish-heap of syn- onymy. The etymology of Chlorostoma, ‘‘ green mouth,” is not very appropriate to most of the species. There are no species of the genus known from European or Afri- can seas. On the eastern coast of South America, south of Brazil, the following occur: Chlorostoma patagonicum (Orbigny), Trochus patagonicus Orb., Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid., Mollusques, p. 408, pl. 55, f. 1-4 (1835-1846). Trochus corrugatus Koch in Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschreib, ete., I, Trochus, pl. 2, f. 7 (Nov., 1843). This species was found by d’ Orbigny in the Bay of San Bilas, Patagonia; Philippi gives the locality Brazil. Dr. Wm. H. Rush collected a few specimens in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay. The sculp- THE NAUTILUS. 111 ture is very fine grained, the suture narrow but deeply plowed, and the columella armed with two or three small denticles at the base, as in the genus generally, The outer lip is weakly grooved within on the thick part near the margin. The deep umbilicus readily sepa- rates this species from the following form, The exact date of d’Orbigny’s publication of this species is not known to me. Chlorostoma Hidalgoi n. sp. Shell very similar to Chlorostoma patagonicum Orb., ( Trochus cor- rugatus Koch), but wholly imperforate, the umbilical region covered with a white callus. Fleshy-cinereus, with the apex eroded, white. Sculpture of crowded spiral series of small, irregular granules, simi- lar to those of OC. patagonicum. Spire conic, periphery rounded, the base flattened. Aperture very oblique, somewhat triangular; colu- -mella armed with two small teeth at its junction with the basal lip. Alt. 15, diam. 17 mm. ‘Rio Negro, Patagonia,” coll. A. N.S. P. This form differs conspicuously from OC. patagonicum Orb. (corru- gatus Koch) in the completely imperforate axis, the other species being conspicuously umbilicated at all stages of growth. (C. Hidalgo is also more conical. In color, sculpture, and the deeply scored suture, the two species are extremely similar. It is named in honor of the author of the Moluscos del Viaje al Pacifico, a meritorious work on the South American fauna. Chlorostoma Orbignyanum, WU. sp. Shell imperforate, conic, with flattened base; purplish-gray, with blackish spirals above, black below. Surface dull, sculptured with numerous low spiral lire, several below the suture obscurely beaded, the others nearly smooth; the lire near the suture separated by narrow intervals, those toward the periphery more widely spaced, with one or several interstitial threads in each interval. ‘There are about 10 lira on the penultimate whorl, and 10 below the periphery on the base. Whiorls 5, very convex, separated by deep sutures, the last whorl flattened below the suture, obtusely angular at the peri- phery ; the base free from spiral sculpture in the center, eroded and brilliantly pearly in front of the aperture. Aperture very oblique, pearly within, with a rather wide dull border within the thin outer lip, acute; columella short, concave, porcellanous, terminating in a small tubercle below, adjacent to which there is a minute denticle ; 112 THE NAUTILUS. umbilical region somewhat cailoused, the place of the umbilicus marked by a moderately sunken pit, surrounded by a weak spiral rib which terminates in a faint denticle at the junction of the colu- mellar and basal margins of the peristome. Alt. 14, diam. 165 mm. Beagle Channel, Patagonia (Dr. H. von Ihering). This species (No. 1020 of von Ihering’s register) is obviously unlike the forms of eastern Patagonia, and there is nothing like it in Mabille and Rochebrune’s work on Cape Horn mollusks. Of the Chilian species, it is allied only to C. fuseescens Phil.,* but in C. Orbignyanum the whorls are more convex, the prevailing color black, and it is imperforate. ON A COLLECTION OF FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM RHODE ISLAND. BY FRANK C. BAKER. During the month of July, 1899, the writer made a collection of marine and fresh-water shells in the state of Rhode Island, and a list of the fresh-water species may be of interest. Collections were made at the following places : 1. Nayatt, R. I. A small pond between the railroad depot and the bay. The bottom is made up of soft, black, carbonaceous mud, and the shores are lined with dead leaves and twigs. 2. Newport, R. I. Bailey’s Pond, near Bailey’s Beach. A pond of good size and considerable depth, bordered by cat-tails. 8. Providence, R. I. Cat Swamp. A small clear stream, flowing through a flag-swamp. The numbers after the species indicate the above localities. Calyculina partumeia Say. 1, 2. Common. Calyculina truncata Linsley. 1. Common. Calyculina securis Prime. 2. Not common. Pisidium, near abditum, but possibly P. lens Sterki. 1. Common. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki. 1, 2. Not common. Limnea palustris Miller. 3. Common. Planorbis trivolvis Say. 2, 38. Common. Planorbis deflectus Say. 1. Common. Planorbis parvus Say. 1, 2, 3. Common. * Conchylien Cabinet, 7rochus, p.182; Man. of Conch., XI., Trochidz, p. 181. THE NAUTILUS. 113 Segmentina armigera Say. 1,2. Common. Physa heterostropha Say. 1, 2,3. Common. Aplexa hypnorum Linné. 2. Common. Campeloma decisum Say. 1. Apparently not common. My thanks are due to Dr. V. Sterki for determining the Pisidia. JOHN H. THOMSON, PH. D. The subject of this memoir was born in Westport in 1824, and died in the city of New Bedford, Mass. (but a few miles from his birth- place), July, 1896, aged 71. He had the usual public school and academic education of the time. In early life, like so many New England coast town boys, he took to the sea, and soon reached the post of master. He spent some years in California and South Amer- ica, and returning to New Bedford, he settled there for life. He developed an early fondness for natural history, and in this, finally narrowed down to the science of conchology. He at once became fascinated with the subject, and spared no time, pains, or money in his enthusiastic determination to master his subject. He was fortu- nate at this juncture to fall into the hands of so capable and sympa- thetic an instructor as Dr. Augustus A. Gould, to whom he ever felt grateful for giving him a fuller and clearer insight into the delicate minutiz, so essential in describing many species and varieties of shells. By this association he was greatly aided and stimulated in his subsequent pursuit and study. He soon became known as a most conscientious and reliable student of conchology, and soon made many friends ; his correspondents were among the most noted of his time, in both hemispheres. He obtained and carefully studied the works of the leading conchological authorities, without regard to price, al- though he was never a rich man. As a collector, his success in securing species from remote parts was really phenomenal. He sold his earliest and largest collection, during the Franco-Prussian war, to an institution, I think, in Bel- gium, but through the misfortunes of war it was in some manner con- fiscated, and so the purchaser lost his prize. His later and last col- lection is owned by the writer of this article. Among the many societies of which Dr. Thomson was a member, two stand pre- eminently conspicuous, The Zodlogical Society of London and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. I am credibly in- 114 THE NAUTILUS. formed the degree of Ph. D. was bestowed upon him by Columbia College of New York City. Among his published articles is a monograph on the Terrestrial Mollusca of his native county. He was a most careful and pains- taking worker in his chosen field, and was an acknowledged authority among his peers. The doctor was a most delightful companion, and the many hours he spent in my family are remembered and cherished with keenest pleasure. To that noble band of pioneers in conchol- ogical study and labors in the United States (of whom, alas, so few survive) we offer our most grateful thanks, and to the departed write, Requiescat in pace. A. B. KEenpie. Brookline, Mass., Dec. 19, 1899. NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF AMERICAN LAND SNAILS. | BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Pyramidula alternata rarinotata n. v. Similar to the typical form in size, form and sculpture, but very sparsely marked with comparatively small chestnut spots on a pale brownish-corneous or dirty buff ground; streaks on the base nearly obsolete. Caldwell, Fayette and Jackson counties, Texas. Mr. Bryant Walker called my attention to this form, sending spe- cimens from Caldwell and Fayette counties, collected by Mr. J. A. Singley ; and I find in the collection of the Academy some speci- mens sent me by Hon. J. D. Mitchell, from the Navidad River bot- tom, Jackson co. Zonitoides neomexicanus Cockerell & Pilsbry, n. sp. Shell minute, depressed, in form similar to Zonitoides minusculus ; whitish corneous, somewhat translucent, fragile, the umbilicus wide, its width contained 24 times in the greatest diameter of the shell. Surface marked with very fine but rather sharp growth striew, and crowded, microscopic spirals throughout, the. spirals conspicuous to the apex. Whorls 34, quite convex, the last everywhere well rounded. Aperture round-lunate, the penultimate whorl excising about one fourth the circumference of the peristome; lip thin and acute, a little dilated at the columellar margin. THE NAUTILUS. 115 Alt. nearly 0.8, greatest diameter 1.7 mm. Another specimen is slightly larger, diam. about 2 mm. Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., New Mexico, about 5,700 feet alt., Sept., 1899, coll. by T. D. A. Cockerell. This species differs from all the minuseulus group in being con- spicuously though very minutely striate spirally, the striz extending: to the very apex, as in the southern race of Zonitoides milium. It differs from mzlium in wanting the peculiar wrinkle-sculpture so characteristic of that form. 72. extguus is evidently a nearer cousin of the new form, having a similar system of spirals, likewise extend- ing upon the nepionic whorl, but it is larger, with less broad umbil- icus, and a conspicuously different coarser sculpture of oblique lam- ine. Zonitoides neomericanus may well go between exiguus and milium in the list of species. FIELD NOTES AND REMINISCENCES. Mr. Simpson’s entertaining account of Helicina Dysoni under difficulties, in the June, 1897, NauTILus, is exceedingly entertain- ing ; the shower of Helicinas that followed the stirring up with a pole was decidedly unique, the first of the kind on record, for though “raining cats and dogs” is an old story, a shower of snails, like. snailing with a pole, isa new departure. As an humble disciple of Izaak Walton, I have in years gone by done considerable in the way of fishing with a pole; the man that goes snailing with a pole will. bear watching—by the snails. The special habitat or station of H. Dysoni, roosting in the palms, brought to mind what my friend, the late Henry Edwards, well known as a good entomologist, good actor and a good fellow, told me about the habits and habitat of the cur- ious Helix (Paryphanta) Busbyi collected by him in New Zealand. (The specimens he gave to me are now in the U. S. National Museum.) Helix Bushy? lives in the tops of the tall Kauri pines, hiding in the axils where the birds ‘ go for him.” In order to sepa- rate the soft parts, which they want, from the shell, which they do not want, they seize the animal when protruded from the shell and whack away to the right and left against the twig or branch they are perching on until their purpose is accomplished, when the shell drops to the ground, and is found generally in a battered condition. The Maoris have a name for these shells which signifies that they come from heaven, which is probably a mistake. 116 THE NAUTILUS. When in Florida, in 1869, on Long Key, one pleasant morning I noticed several specimens of Polygyra septemvolva here and there on the sand. ‘ All dead,” I said to myself, lest the snails might hear me, ‘‘ there must be fire where there is so much smoke, there must be live snails where there are so many dead ones,” so I started in to hunt close. After a while I detected them snugly lurking in the axils of some very large thistles. I did not gather them in, as Simpson did, when on the war path for his Helicinas, by charging on ’em with a pole. My legs being well protected by high-cut hunting boots, I kicked out vigorously a la mustang in an underthrust way against the butt of the thistle plants, and the result was a jerking of numerous snails hither and yon in a somewhat promiscuous way ; the success of the performance, judged by the result, caused me to second the motion, and I gathered in a goodly number, enough for my own col- lection and for distribution among my friends. What the snails thought of the performance I have never learned, and Simpson, it will be noticed, is reticent on this point touching his Helicinas. As to my prowessas a collector, it would be unwise to say anything as long as my friend Henry Hemphill is on the face of the earth, but I dare to say that dear old Doctor Newcomb, of blessed memory, was so generally successful in that line as to justify my placing him near the head of the class. Well, the good Doctor and myself once on a time, away back in June, 1867, went conchologizing up the coast of California to Bodega Bay. We found the collecting ground very limited in extent, though we got about 90 ‘species; we also gathered in nearly 500 dead shells of Helix MNickliniana, grouped formerly with Arionta, but now Doctor Pilsbry, expert, editor, ete., comes to the front and unblushingly says these west coasters must tumble to the name of Hpiphragmophora, which is hard on the poor snails, and a rather long word to write. Well, there were hundreds of ’em on the surface of the sand, but not one living one could we find. That is what we didn’t get, one live Nickliniana. Where they kept themselves we couldn’t discover. We hunted high, we hunted low, dug into the sand around the roots of the stunted shrubs that manage to livé in this cold, windy, exposed locality, and rummaged about generally, without success, and when the sun went down we retired ot] from the field in good order with our flags at half mast, somewhat the worse for the rough day and bad luck in the snail business, though we had the pleasure of each other's company, and that counts THE NAUTILUS. 117 for a good deal as the world goes. Probably the snails had stepped out through fear of being called Hpiphragmophora; who knows? per- haps, Dr. Pilsbry can tell, he ought to know, Roki C.S. [ But I don’t.—H. P.] SOME NOTES ON RUMINA DECOLLATA LINN. BY C. W. JOHNSON. In March, 1897, Mr. T. L. Montgomery, Librarian of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, brought from Bermuda some live specimens of Rumina deculluta. Some of these were given to my young friend, Mr. H. S. Viereck, while the others were placed among some plants kept in the museum’of the Institute. Mr. Viereck placed them in his yard in Philadelphia. They flourished and increased greatly in numbers during the summer and survived the winter of 1897-98. During the summer of 1898 they again thrived, but in the following spring only dead shells could be found ; the blizzard of February, 1899, was probably too severe for them. The specimens kept at the Institute are still vigorous, but produced only one brood. Through the kindness of Mr. Viereck, I obtained, in September, some live European Helices, including Helicella erice- torum, collected by his sister in Germany. An old aquarium was quickly turned into a snailery ; thinking that the Rwmzna would en- joy new quarters, a few were also placed in the snailery. A day or so afterwards, when giving the Helices some cabbage leaves, I noticed that the Rumina seemed very close to the Helicella. On picking up a specimen, I was greatly surprised to find the former greedily de- vouring the poor ericetorum. I could not blame the carnivorous fel- low, for it was probably the first ‘‘square meal” it had had since it was taken from its island home. The lesson to be learned is, do not put your carnivorous and herbivorous shells in the same quarters, if you want to keep both alive. GENERAL NOTES. Limax cocciNneEws, Gistel.—Through the kindness of Dr. T. S. Palmer, I have been able to see the hitherto overlooked description of Limax coccineus, Gistel, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 1848, 118 THE NAUTILUS. p- 168. This slug is said to be 9/’ long, bright red (hochroth) in front, with blackish stripes behind the head, tentacles red-granular, mouth, white. Is it not surely the common red Arton of Central Europe, now known as A. rufus (or empiricorum), var. lamarckit, Kal., 1851? If so, Gistel’s name coceineus has priority for the variety, and must be adopted. This work of Gistel’s has in it several other new names for mollusca. On p. 173, Hugira is proposed for Jridina, Lam. This appears to be needless, but some may hold that it interferes with the later Eugyra, Ald., 1870. The following are supposed new species : Helix platychela from Sicily, p. 167; H. erycina from Sicily, p. 167 ; H. jenisoniana from Montenegro, p. 167; Clausilia grossa from Croatia, p. 167; Bulimus meridionalis, p. 167; B. pellucidus from S. Russia, p. 167 ; Linneus flavescens from Spain, p. 168. The #. platychela and erycina are probably the Sicilian forms already in the literature, otherwise credited. Clausilia grossa may be the species of Ziegler. The other names seemed to have been overlooked.—T. D. A. CocKERELL. POLYGYRA AURICULATA IN WESTERN .FLortpa.—Mr. L. E. Daniels, of La Porte, Indiana, has recently sent me typical speci- mens of P. auriculata collected by him in a hammock one mile south of Tampa, Florida, thus supplying an authentic gulf coast locality for the species. Since they were received, I thought to look in Mr. C. T. Simpson’s ‘‘ Contributions to the Mollusca of Florida,’’ Proce. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., V., 1889, p. 65, where he reports P. auriculata as common in Manatee county. There is a possibility that some locality records for aurteuluta may have been based on specimens of P. uvulifera bicornuta.—H. A. P. Correction TO List OF SHELLS FROM NORTHEASTERN MAINE IN JANUARY NumBER.— Page 103, line 12, for hurpa read harpa. Page 103, line 16, for Sagii read Saytt. Page 103, line 28, for fine read five. Page 104, lines 27, 28, read Limnea emarginata mighelsi Binn. Page 104, line 30, omit Caribou. Page 105, line 33, read Pomatiopsts eineinnatiensis Lea, and line 34 omit A. cincinnatiensis. Page 106, line 13, for rear read rare, and for Westmoreland read Westmanland.—OLor O. NyLanpeEr. THE NAUTILUS. 119 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDZ OF NorTH AMERICA AND THE ANTILLES. By Wm. H. Dall. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. “XXII, pp. 107-112, 1899.)—In monographing the fossil species, Dr. Dall has found it necessary to make many changes in nomenclature involving many of the recent species. The following is a list of the recent species as revised by Dr. Dall : East American Species. Solen viridis Say. Rhode Island to Georgia. Solen (Solena) obliqua Spengler. Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Thomas. (S. rudis Sowb. not C. B. Ads. + philippinarum Sowb. not Hanley are synonyms. ) Ensis directus Conrad. Labrador to Indian Key, Florida, Pliocene to recent. (““#. americana Beck,” of H. & A. Ads., is probably a manuscript name, Solen siliqua Chickering, not Linn, is a synonym. This species was generally confounded with Solen magnus Schumacker, under the name of Solen ensis Linn., by the earlier American authors. In this connection Dr. Dall seems to have overlooked as a synonym S. americana Gould. (Invertebrates of Mass., Binney ed., p. 42, 1870), a name used by most American conchologists. Solen directus was described by Conrad (Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., p. 825, 1843) as a fossil, from what he considered a miocene deposit fifteen miles below New Berne, N. C. This formation is now known as the Croatan beds of the Pliocene. Ensis minor Dall. Cape May to Florida and Texas. ‘This is Solen ensis var, minor of some of the earlier writers, and bears to Z. directus the same relation the Hnsis ensis Linn., of Europe, does to the North European #. magnus Schum. It differs from the young of #. directus in having the valves wider behind than in front and relatively narrower as a whole. Siliqua squama Bainville, Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Gulf of St. Lawrence. “This is Machera nitida Gould, and Cultellus medius Sowb. (not Gray).” Siliqua costata Say. Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Cape Hatteras, ys. _ The following are synonymous names: Solecurtoides nahantensis Desmoulins; S. sayi Gray; S. radiatus Ravenel (not Linneus) ; 120 THE NAUTILUS. Cultellus grayanus Sowb. (not Dunker?); Oultellus subsuleatus Sowb.; Cultellus belcheri (as of Gray manuscript) Sowb.; not C. costatus Middendorf nor Sowerby. Psammosolen sancte-marthe (Chemn.) Orbigny. N. Carolina, Bermuda, the Antilles and south to Rio Janeiro. Psammosolen cumingianus Dunker. N. Carolina to Texas and Sao Paulo, Brazil. West American Species. Solen sicarius Gould. Vancouver Island to San Pedro, California. Solen rosaceus Carpenter. Santa Barbara, Cal., south to the Gulf of California. Solen mexicanus Dall. West coast of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Solen (Solena) rudis C. B. Adams. Panama, ** Confounded with S. obliquus Spengl. of the Antilles, by Carpenter and Sowerby.” Ensis ealifornicus Dall. Monterey, Cal., south to the Gulf of California. Siliqua lucida Conrad. Monterey to San Diego, Cal. Confounded with the young of S. nuttallii by Carpenter and Gabb. Siliqua media Gray. Okhotsk and Bering Seas northward to the Arctic Ocean at Cape Lisburne. Syn. Machera costata Midd. (not Say); S. borealis Conrad. Siliqua patula Dixon. Okhotsk Sea, the southern border of Ber- ing Sea and the Gulf of Alaska to Sitka. Syn. Solen maximus Wood (not Gmel.); S. gigas Dillw.; S. gran- dis (Hinds’ manuscript, as of Gmelin) Dunker ; Carpenter; S. sp/en- dens Chenu. Stiliqua (patula var.) alta Brod. and Sowb. Bering Sea and Strait. Syn. Cultellus costatus Sowb. (not Say). Siliqua (patula var.) nuttallii Conrad. Lituya Bay, Alaska, south to Oregon and Monterey, California. Syn. S. californica Conrad, and S. nuttali Sowb. The following new species are described : Solen mexicanus. Gulf of Tehuantepec. Ensis californicus. From 14 fathoms sand, off the Island of San Pedro Martir, Gulf of California. Tagelus poeyi. Cuba; mouth of Old River, Belize; Greytown, Nicaragua, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some scattered notes on Tagelus gibbus Spengler, are also given. Vee N Ber ts: Von. XIII. MARCH, 1900. No. 11. NOTE ON PETRICOLA DENTICULATA Sby. BY W. H. DALL. The enquiry suggested by me in the Naurvitus for January (p. 100) has been quickly answered. Mrs. Oldroyd has kindly forwarded to me three specimens of Petricola from Long Beach, Cal., collected by Mrs. Blood, which solve the problem as to the adult form of Car- penter’s Psephis tellimyalis beyond all shadow of a doubt. The little brown radiated nepionic shells appear with astonishing distinctness against the white shell of the adult Petricola. What is still more curious is that these dark-colored tips must fade, as in all the museum series extending from San Pedro to Peru not a single one retains the color, and one of Mrs. Blood’s specimens has very little. There are two species of Petricola, belonging to the section Petricolaria Stol- iczka, on the coast of California, neither of which goes much north of San Pedro. One is the elongate P. cognata C. B. Adams (the analogue of the east coast P. pholadiformis), also named gracilis by Deshayes. The other has the following synonymy, and very likely more. PETRICOLA DENTICULATA Sowerby. P. denticulata Sby. P. Z. S., 1834, p. 47. P. ventricosa (Deshayes Ms.) Sowerby, Thes. Concb., p. 773, pl. 166, figs. 6, 7, 1854 (in synonymy). P. nivea Sowerby op. cit., p. 773, pro parte, not of Gmelin, 1792. P. tenuis Sowerby 1834, C. B. Adams and others, pro parte. 122 THE NAUTILUS. Psephis tellimyalis Cpr. B. A. Rep. Moll. Western N. Am., p. 641, 1864; Journ, de Conchyl. xii, p. 135, 1865 (larval shell). This species belongs to the middle American or Panamic fauna and i8 known to extend as far north as San Pedro and south to the Peruvian coast. The P. cognata is somewhat more restricted and seems most abundant in the Gulf of California. It has been found as far north as San Diego. The P. nivea (Mytilus niveus Chemn.) Gmelin, is an Indo-Pacific species, very similar to P. denticulata and confounded with it by most of the early writers. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CALIFORNIAN LAND SHELL. BY F. W. BRYANT. Epiphragmophora Bowersi, n. sp. Shell umbilicated, convex ; epidermis olivaceous ; spire slightly elevated ; whorls between 4 and 5, convex, gradually increasing ; suture well defined ; aperture transverse, nearly circular; peristome whitish, thin, very slightly expanded at the basal portion, at the columella broadly reflected, yet leaving the umbilicus entirely open, showing within the whorls to the apex ; base convex, A well-defined, moderately broad, light-chestnut band revolves above the centre of the body whorl, and is visible above the suture on the whorl preceding the last ; lines of growth close and distinctly marked. Greater diameter 13, lesser 10, height 6 mm. Location, San Jacinto Mts., Riverside County, California. THE CORROSION OF SHELLS IN CABINETS.! The above is the title of a paper of the greatest importance to all collectors of shells, and especially to those having charge of museums where the shells are usually glued to cards or tablets. Although no corrosion of shells has been noticed in the coilections of this country, it is well to be on the lookout, and to guard against all apparent causes. y L. St. G. Byne, M.Sc. With a prefatory note by T. Cosmo Melvill, M. A., F. L.S. The Journal of Conchol- ogy, Vol. ix., pp. 172-178, and pp. 253-254, 1899. 1The Corrosion of Shells in Cabinets. By THE NAUTILUS. 123 Mr. Melvill says: I first noticed the deterioration of a Mitra (Zierliana) ziervogeliana in our National Collection, now many years ago, and a year or two afterwards the disease had spread to another example on the same tablet. I have never had any specimens in my own collection thus attacked, excepting one, and that I fancy must have come into my possession diseased, and it was forthwith destroyed. But none of these are glued or affixed in any way to tablets, as is the case in most museums, but are either placed loose on cotton wool, or in glass-topped boxes. I may add that I have seen too frequently in the almost hermetically-sealed drawers under the cases in the British Museum a dulness first pervading the exter- ior of certain smooth species more markedly e. g., Conus, Cypraa, and especially Naticide, Then grey acid efflorescence, both tasting and smelling strongly of vinegar, covers the whole surface like a powder, rising doubtless from the interior, and the specimens are soon almost irretrievably ruined. This evil being, therefore, of most serious sig- nificance, the sooner one is able to cope with it satisfactorily the better, and I am sure our best thanks are due to Mr. Byne for hav- ing been the first to take the matter in hand. From Mr. Byne’s exhaustive paper we extract the following : * The shells which formed the subject of my experiments were from the National Collection at South Kensington, furnished me through the courtesy and kindness of Mr. E. A. Smith, ‘These alone are referred to unless where otherwise distinctly stated. The shells in the cabinet drawers are in many instances either partially or en- tirely destroyed, the surface being corroded and covered with a fine white powder substance, which can be easily scraped off with a knife. This caused them to resemble Eocene mollusca. Many species are quite unrecognizable on account of the surface being eaten away so deeply. The destruction has traveled from shell to shell and drawer to drawer, like a disease, several valuable specimens being spoilt. The mischief has assumed large proportions, and being still on the increase causes the greatest anxicty. The most remarkable facts are— 1. Only marine species are attacked. 2. Highly polished shells, such as those of Cypria, are the most liable to be affected. 3. It does not extend to every specimen in a drawer, and of sev- eral mounted on the same tablet, perhaps one only is attacked, 124 THE NAUTILUS. 4. Loose shells are also destroyed, but there are comparatively few of these compared with the number of those mounted on cards. 5. The shells affected are from twenty to fifty years old, but the corrosion does not appear until after the lapse of about ten years. The process is thus an extremely slow one. 6. It oceurs principally amongst the shells kept in drawers in the dark, where the air is confined and seldom changed. 7. If the tongue be placed against one of the shells, an astringent alum-like taste will be observed. We now come to the consideration of possible causes of corrosion. They appear to me to be four in number. I. Damp.—If the shells were placed in a room or gallery that was not properly warmed, a very probable reason would be that a fungus had been formed, eating away the surface of the shell. The shell gallery of the Natural History Museum is, I am assured, excessively dry. This cause is, therefore, excluded. Il. The action of sulphuric acid.—It is well known that the atmos- phere of cities contains free sulphuric acid (in addition to other sulphur compounds) derived from household fires and the burning of coal-gas. This acting over a period of years would slowly eat away the calcium carbonate of the shell, forming calcium sulphate. If this were the explanation, then the whole of the white powdery substance on the surface of the shell would consist of calcium sulphate. Analy- sis, however, showed that none was present. III. Presence of salt.—Shells that had not been soaked in fresh water before being placed in the cabinets would contain salt, not only in the epidermis, but also held mechanically amongst the parti- cles of calcium carbonate. It is highly probable that its presence would exert a deleterious influence. Chemical tests showed that it was practically absent in the shells examined, a fact that occasioned some surprise. IV. Action of an acid substance.—After carefully considering all the facts in my possession, I have come to the conclusion that the corrosion is due to the action of butyric acid, Upon opening the box of shells sent me by Mr. E. A. Smith, I at once noticed a pungent vinegar-like odor, which pervaded the fin- gers and everything that came in contact with them. This pointed to the presence of acids of the acetic series. Analysis showed that every shell contained butyric acid, as calcium butyrate. A few contained THE NAUTILUS. 125 calcium acetate. Butyric acid is a product of the fermentation of animal matter, and its original source was found in the following ‘manner; A specimen of Strombus tricornis was soaked in distilled water for a week. A piece about the size of a pea, of a grayish gela- tinous substance was found at the bottom of the glass vessel. This had come from the interior of the shell, and chemical tests showed it to beorganic matter. The shell had probably been more than twenty years inthe Museum. This at once furnished the explanation which I now bring forward, namely: That the pieces of the animal left in the shell, through in- sufficient cleaning or otherwise, ferment, setting free butyric acid. This substance is extremely volatile, and pervades the whole of the drawers and cabinets. ‘The amount present can only be extremely small, but acting as it does for so many years, it slowly eats away the surface to a considerable extent, converting the calcium carbon- ate into calcium butyrate. The reason that land and fresh-water species are not attacked is that their epidermis acts, so to speak, as a coat of mail. Hence, highly-polished species of Cyprwa, etc., are the most liable to corro- sion through lack of such protection. The fact that the shells exposed to daily public inspection in the top cases are less attacked is explained on the hypothesis that the ~ light acts as a deterrent. I have also come to the conclusion that the gum used in attaching the shells to the tablets has something to do with the corrosion. The majority of the shells affected in the Na- tional Collection are gummed to tablets. As far as can be ascer- tained, the corrosion has never occurred in private collections where the shells are and always have been loose. The gum ferments, acetic acid being formed. This eats away the calcium carbonate, forming calcium acetate; this latter substance was found in several of the shells examined, in addition to the calcium butyrate. V. Prevention.—In the case of those shells which are badly affected, nothing can be done, and their instant removal is absolutely essential, for if left, they only increase the mischief with those just beginning to show signs of corrosion. I recommend that they be soaked for twenty-four hours in a solution of corrosive sublimate (1 part in 1,000 water) and then thoroughly dried. As an experiment, all shells should be subjected to such treatment, in the hope that it may prove effectual. It is quite impossible to say 126 THE NAUTILUS. beforehand whether this will be an infallible remedy. Time only can prove its efficacy. On page 235 of the same volume Mr, Byne gives the following supplementary notes to his former observations : “At the time of writing my former paper I did not possess any knowledge of bacteriology, but I had come to the conclusion some months before that the corrosion was due originally to the action of bacteria. I am now enabled, through the kindness of Dr. Ewart, to adduce a considerable amount of evidence in support of this. I still adhere to the five items of my previous summary. The white powdery substance upon the surface of the shells was found to consist of calcium butyrate, in some instances mixed with calcium acetate. It was formed by the action of butyric and acetic acids upon the calcium carbonate of the shell structure. Since butyric acid does not. occur in the atmosphere, it can hardly have had an external origin. It must, therefore, have been derived from fermentative processes occurring in the organic material of the shell, or of adhering portions of the molluscan inhabitant. Both aérobic and anaérobic bacteria are known which can cause various carbohydrates to ferment, producing butyric and acetic acids. It is very often the case that a portion of the liver is left attached to the shell, especially to the apex. This might easily undergo butyric fermentation, and, moreover, the same might occur with the adhesive substance used to fix the specimen to its card. Both aérobic and anaérobic butyric bacteria exist, but the common forms are anaéro- bic. Hence we should expect to find the danger of spoiling in- creased with imperfect aération in closed or hermetically sealed cases, in which at the same time there would be no possibility of the acid products escaping. A little moisture is required to start the fermentation ; hence, dry cases should escape, and even in damp air the process can only take place with great slowness, for so soon as the products accumulate to a certain extent, fermentation ceases until they have been removed. That the mischief is of bacterial origin is supported by the follow- ing facts : 1. Butyric acid has been found. This could only be produced by the butyric fermentation of carbo- hydrates, or even proteid substances. Acetic acid is amongst the fermentative products of butyric bacteria, and calcium acetate has been found in some of the shells. THE NAUTILUS. LF 2. The shells in the top cases that are exposed to light are practically unaffected. This points strongly to bacteria. The deadly action of direct sunlight on bacteria is well known, and may produce death in from five minutes to am hour when they are in the vegetative condition. Even strong diffuse daylight suffices to retard or even inhibit the de- velopment of many bacteria. 3. The shells in the drawers kept in the dark are the worst at- tacked. This necessarily follows from the above statement. Darkness is favorable to the development of these fermentative organisms. Within the shell the bacteria would even in the top cases be pro- tected from the inimical effect of light. I stated in my former paper that the corrosion had not occurred in private collections. Since its publication I have been informed that some shells in a large private collection at Birmingham have been badly corroded, and have caused anxiety for some time past. PREVENTION. It must surely be conceded that an infallible remedy cannot be given. _ My critics have either overlooked or paid no attention to the fact that the corrosion does not appear until after the lapse of about ten years. The suggestions received are: 1. Boiling in oil. 2. Rubbing over the surface with such substances as oil of tur- pentine oil of cloves, and formalin. I am of the opinion that these may be dismissed as ineffectual. Now that we know that the corrosion is caused by bacteria, I am more than ever convinced that soaking in corrosive sublimate solution, combined with previous thorough cleaning, will prove effectual. It must be remembered that corrosive sublimate is an extremely poison- onous substance. The drawers should be thoroughly aérated at in- tervals, to remove accumulated acid vapors, which will never be present in more than minute traces. The drawers should also be kept well dried. 12s THE NAUTILUS. NOTE ON THE VARIETIES OF EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MORMONUM. BY H. A. PILSBRY. In treating of this species both Binney and Stearns have com- mented on its variability. In examining the series in our collection it appears to me that three well-marked races or subspecies exist, which may be readily distinguished. Typical mormonum is large and depressed, pale reddish corneous, co often fading to a paler tint on the base ; the brown girdle is conspic- vously darker, and broadly bordered with white above and below. Surface glossy, sculptured with growth-wrinkles only, or if spiral siriz are present they are very faint; apex minutely granulose. Diam. 29-3], alt. 14-15 mm., sometimes smaller. Whorls 6. Mormon Island, in the American River, Sacramento Co., Cal. (type locality); Tuolumne Co. (Hemphill). Binney’s figures represent Pfeiffer’s type. Var. cala, nev. Smaller and less depressed ; dark reddish brown, the peripheral girdle not conspicuously darker, yellow-bordered ; sur- face sculptured with dense minute spiral strie ; whorls 55; diam. 22, alt. 14 mm., or diam. 26,alt.15 mm. Types from Big Trees, Cala- veras co., Cal.; Fred. L. Button, H. Hemphill. Much commoner in collections than the pale, glossy typical form. Var. buttoni, n. vy. Color as in var. eala, but shell more depressed, periphery more or less carinated in front, the surface studded with minute prominences which bear rather long golden-brown hairs when unrubbed ; granulation of the apex more strongly developed. Whorls d3. Diam. 22-24, alt. 114-12 mm. Nassau Valley, Calaveras Co., Button. Redding, Shasta Co.; McGregor. Probably some larger shells collected by Hemphill at Cave City, Tuolumne Co., belong to this variety, but the specimens before me are in poor condition. The largest measures 29 mm. diam. This variety forms a transition to &. hillebrandi, which is only an- other term in the variation series, as Stearns has already remarked. A NEW CALLIOSTOMA FROM FLORIDA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Calliostoma Veliei ». sp. Shell imperforate, high-conic, moderately solid, white, with a series of small, reddish maculew at the periphery of each whorl. Whorls THE NAUTILUS. 129 nearly 7, the first one smooth and rounded, the rest lightly concave above and sculptured with four equal beaded spirals (and some inter- stitial threads on the last whorl or two), with a much broader, more prominent spiral rib at the periphery and projecting above each su- ture, where a narrower spiral shows below it; the last whorl quite convex just below the prominent rib, the base moderately convex, and sculptured with 14 beaded spirals, contiguous toward the periph- ery, but more separated and with interstitial threads in the intervals on the rest of the base, which is further sculptured by fine, curved, radial grooves. Three or four of the spirals are rather sparsely dotted with red. Aperture trapezoidal, white and pearly within ; columella pearly, white and concave above, ending below in a slight tooth. Alt. 104, diam. 93 mm. Caxambas Pass, S.-W. Florida, collected in 1898 by Dr. J. W. Velie, in whose honor it is named. GENERAL NOTES. Onty A One-tTeNTH OysteR Crop.—This has been the poorest year in ten in the oyster industry of Maryland. In years past from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 bushels of oysters have been taken from the bay. This year the yield will be about 1,000,000 bushels. The question of legislation for the protection of the oysters has agitated the state for years, but in the meantime the bivalve is dis- appearing. Notwithstanding the diminishing supply, however, there have been sufficient oysters to keep going all the packing houses in Baltimore, which employ about 5000 people. Nearly 500 dredging boats are sailing out of Baltimore.— Phila. Record, Dec. 30. SIVALVE SHELLS: Usep 1N MANILA ror Winpow Panrs.— In Manila, where there is an interesting field open to the naturalist, the natives have an odd substitute for glass. It is a bivalve shell of about nine inches of surface, so transparent that print can be readily seen through it, and admitting a mellow light in a room where it is used as window glass. The shell is an attractive object, flat, and in appearance resembles isinglass. One could almost imagine that it was some skillful invention of the natives, could not the growth rings be readily observed. The outer side of the shell is perceptibly rough, while the interior is perfectly glazed over and in the light has the pearly lustre found in many of the thin-shelled, oyster-like mollusks 130 THE NAUTILUS. of the tropics. The shell is the Placuna placenta of science, and is well known in China, the common name being the Chinese window oyster. It is employed there also for windows and used in lanterns. The Chinese grind up the shell and make from it the silver paint so common in their water colors. The bivalve is very common in the Philippines, and forms a very good and cheap substitute for glass.— The Phila. Record. Unionip& in A TuNNEL.—I am interested in two examples of Margaritana margaritifera var. faleata, taken in a water tunnel near Santa Cruz, in this state (California), 700 feet from the mouth of the tunnel, and 3800 feet underground. They differ from the normal specimens in being both unusually large and thin, the nacre being very richly colored.—Frep L. Burton. PurRpPURA CORONATA Lam. IN AMERICA.—This well-known West African species has been reported from Demerara and Trinidad by the Rev. A. H. Cooke. Living specimens were collected at Liv- ingston, Guatemala, in the spring of 1899, by Mr. Silas L. Schumo, and are now in the collection of the Academy.—H. A. Pivspry. ADDITIONAL CHITONS FROM THE PLIOCENE OF THE CALOOSA- HATCHIE River, FLorrpa.—In recently working over (with the assistance of Mr. E. G. Vanatta) a lot of fine material, mostly ob- tained in cleaning the larger mollusca, collected by the late Dr. H. E. Griffith, ten valves of Chitons were found. These were kindly stud- ied by Dr. Pilsbry, with the following results : Ohetopleura apiculata Say. One head and two central valves. Ischnochiton papillosus C. B. Ads. Two central valves. Ischnochiton striolatus Gray. One head and one central valve. Acanthochites pygmaeus Pilsbry. One central valve. The two other central valves were too imperfect for determination. Isch. striolatus has only been recorded recent from St. Thomas and Barbados. Dr. Dall, in his work on the “ Tertiary Fauna of Florida” (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. III, pt. 2, p. 489), records but one species, Acanthochites spiculosus Reeve; ‘‘A fragment of a central valve,” ‘too imperfect to make the identification certain.””—C. W. JOHNSON. THE NAUTILUS. 131 Nores on VERONICELLA.—In Journ. Institute of Jamaica, Vol. 2, p. 601 (1899), Mr. H. Vendryes publishes without descriptions the names of two varieties of V. s/oanii credited to me. I had not in- tended to publish these names, as they seem to represent mutations only, but since they are published, it may be well to explain that vy. maculata is F, No. 24, and v. subpallida is G, No. 20, of CkIl. & Larkin’s paper on the Jamaican species of Veronicella in Journ. of Malacology, Vol. 3, pt. 2, 1894. Mr. Vendryes lists Limacellus lactescens from Jamaica, but it belongs to North America, and has not been found in the West Indies. When the locality of it was unknown, I guessed that it might possibly have come from Jamaica, along with the Veronicella described at the same time by Blainville. Dr. Simroth has lately (cf. Zool. Record for 1898, Mollusca, p. 62) applied the name decipiens to an African Veronicella. This must be changed, as Semper has used the same name for a South American species.—T. D. A. CocKERELL. My friend, F. W. Kelsey, of San Diego, Cal., recently sent me a peculiar Lithophagus, taken near that city, which I at once recog- nized as a Myoforceps, and Dr. Dall afterwards kindly determined the species as MW. aristatus Dillwyn. The finding of this interesting species, with its elongate, crossed ends, in shell ground which has been well worked for so many years, is worthy of note and to the credit of the enthusiastic collector named. The fact that mature specimens are found imbedded in hard rock is proof that it is not of very recent introduction.—F rep. L. Burton. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. SYNOPSIS OF THE RECENT AND TertTIARY LEPTONACEA OF North AMERICA AND THE WeEsT INpiEs. By Wm. H. Dat. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxi., pp. 873-897, plates 87 and 88, 1899.) “The Leptonacea form a very interesting and puzzling group. Their characters combine features characteristic in other Teleo- donts of immaturity, with such as are more probably due to environ- mental modifications. Without being in themselves prototypes, they exhibit features which we may readily suppose might have been characteristic of prototypic Teleodonts. Groups which are really 132 THE NAUTILUS. starting points for numerous subsequently developed genera, are usually notable for their tendency to vary and interchange charac- ters. In the present case, perhaps, the very general habit of com- mensalism or parasitism, has produced degeneration, accompanied by a revival of atavistic primary characters.” Other introductory remarks are followed by a list of species from the east and west coasts of North America, with synonymy and dis- tribution. From the east coast there are recorded 13 genera, 34 species and one variety ; from the west coast 12 genera, 33 species are listed. A list of the tertiary species of the United States is also given, containing 73 species, divided among 13 genera, followed by ‘ de- scriptions of new species and remarks on others imperfectly known.” 18 new recent species are described, all of the new species are in- cluded in preceding lists. On plate 87 is shown a crab (Gebia pu- getensis, Dana), with Erycina rugifera, Carp., attached by its bys- sus to the underside of the abdomen of the crab. Cs Wu. THe Mouiusk Fauna or THE PriBiLor IsLtanps.—By Wm. H. Dall. (Extracted from The Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. III, pp. 539-646, 1899.) A very interesting paper on the geographical distribution of species and the physical characteristics of the region. The faunal summary gives a total of 86 forms. Only three land shells are known from the group: Suecinea chrysis, Vitrina exilis and Pupa decora var.. A fauual summary of the Commander Islands given for comparison, shows a total of 74 species from those islands, including six land and three fresh-water forms: Limax hyperboreus, V. exilis, H. radiatula, Conulus fulvus, Patula ruderata var. pauper, P. decora, Limnea ovata, L. humilis and Pistdium equilaterale. Fossil mollusks were found only on St. Paul Tsland. DESCRIPTION OF A NEw Genus, AUSTROSAREPTA, AND NOTES ON OTHER Moriusca rrom New Soutu WaALgEs. By Charles Hedley. (Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., pt. 8, pp. 429-484, Dec. 1899.) Following Dr. Dall’s classification, Mr. Hedley places this interesting genus in the subfamily Sarepting; the type is a new species A. pieta. A new species, Zeinostoma starkey@, is described and figured. Solen sloanii Gray, Neritula lucida, Cassis nana T. Woods, Cantharus waterhousie Braz., are also figured.—C. W. J. e * ae Ra a (xs ay 7 a r ire 7 ane NaurTiuus, VoL. XIII. PLATE ITI. PLANORBIS CORPULENTUS SAY. ae IN ee Us: Von. XIII. APRIL, 1900. No. 12. THE GENUINE PLANORBIS CORPULENTUS, SAY. BY BRYANT WALKER. The sound judgment and critical acumen of that great naturalist, -Thomas Say, has been exemplified not only in the large proportion of his species which have withstood the scrutiny of the ‘“ higher criti- cism ”’ of the modern school of conchologists, but also by the number which in recent years have been rescued from the synonymical bone- yard, to which they had been relegated by his immediate successors, and restored to their original integrity. The fine species which he described in 1824 as Planorbis corpulen- tus has been one of the most unfortunate of these forgotten species in its scientific history. Owing, no doubt, in a large measure to its extreme rarity, it has been constantly misapprelended, not only by all the descriptive writers, but by nearly every one who has had oc- casion to refer to it. The earlier American conchologists were unanimous in referring to it unusually large specimens of P. trivolvis, and generally consid- ered it a form of that species and doubtful, even, of varietal rank. In 1841, Haldeman referred to it a large Planorbis collected by Nuttall, in the Lewis river, Oregon, and his example was followed by Gould, Chenu, Clessin, Tristram and Sowerby. W. G. Binney (1865) was “inclined to believe that Say had before him a form of P. trivolvis when he drew his description of P. corpulentus,’’ and con- sidered the west coast species referred to that form by Haldeman, 134 THE NAUTILUS. Gould and others, to be a distinct species. It is evident from the museum register given by Binney, that he had no Canadian exam- ples of the species before him, although he remarks that he ‘had seen no specimens from the localities visited by Mr. Say while on Long’s expedition that were not forms of P. trivolvis.” Tryon, in his supplement to Haldeman, affirmed Binney’s opinion, referred corpulentus to trivolvis, and described the western form as P. binneyt. This decision, so far as it differentiates the west coast form from Say’s corpulentus, is undoubtedly correct, and all the west coast cita- tions of that species must be eliminated. Following the lead of eastern naturalists, the species has been cited either specifically, or as a variety of trivolvis in many of the eastern local lists, but without description or remarks. Such are Anthony, ‘* Cincinnati ;’’ Wheatley, ‘‘ New York to Ohio;”? Hub- bard, ‘ Ohio,” and Lewis, ‘“ Little Lakes, N. Y.” I Jay is the only one of the eastern cataloguers who appears to have had a specimen from near the original locality, and which possibly may have been true. He gives the locality of his example as ‘* Win- nepeck river.’’? {t follows therefore that all the citations of this species from the eastern and central states must also be rejected. There thus remain for consideration only the few citations from the Manitoba region of Canada and the northern central part of the United States. Say’s original description cites the Winnepeck river, Winnepeck Lake, Lake of the Woods aud Rainy Lake. Dawson in the ‘* Report of the British North American Boundary Commission,” quotes it from Flag Island, Lake of the Woods, and remarks that ‘the specimens are from Say’s typical locality and agree perfectly with his description. If P. corpulentus is a variety of trivolvis, as has been suggested, it is a very well marked one, and is character- istic of the open reaches of the lake.” 1 Part of Say’s collection is now in the American Museum of Natural History of New York. Mr. R. P. Whitfield, the Curator, writes: ‘‘ We have in the Say collection one shell from the Winnepeck river, but it is not the one figured by Say in Long’s Expedition, but is smaller, lacking the outer volution as com- pared with that figure. We have one quite large specimen from the J. J. Cooke collection from Lake Superior, and four specimens from the W. A. Haines’ col- lection, which are labelled Winnepeck river. But I can find no evidence as to who collected them or where.” THE NAUTILUS. 135 Grant in the “ Sixteenth (1887) Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota,” cites it from ‘* Vermilion Lake and all over St. Louis and Lake Counties,” and says: “it is found clinging to rocky shores and reefs, and seems to seek places where the water is quite rough.”’ Hanham in his recent ‘“ List of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of Manitoba,” published in THE NavuTILus, quotes simply Dawson’s original citation of the Lake of the Woods. These references, with Jay’s citation in his Catalogue, which pos- sibly may be one of the original lot collected by Long’s expedition, are the only ones, which I have been able to find, that can with any probability be referred to Say’s species. Having before me four different lots, aggregating sixteen speci- mens, of what is undoubtedly the genuine corpulentus of Say, I can confidently affirm that the species is entirely distinct from P. trivol- vis, and must be accorded specific rank. Say’s description is very exact, and when read so as to apply to a a sinistral species, as this undoubtedly is, as shown by the young shell (fig. 7), leaves but little to be added. The characteristic features of the species are the high, narrow, bi- carinate, rugosely striate whorls, with widely separated raised growth lines and large expanded aperture, which is higher than wide. The superior surface is either almost perfectly flat, or more or less con- cave, sometimes deeply so, varying as the shell is coiled horizontally or somewhat obliquely to the axis; the superior carina, until the last half of the last whorl is reached, is almost a right angle, the sides of the whorl being but little convex, with the greater convexity below the middle; the body-whorl enlarges very rapidly during the last half of its growth, and become more ventricose, and both carinz be- come less prominent; the superior, however, retains its position and sensibly modifies the shape of the aperture, while the lower one from the rounding out of the base of the shell, becomes subobsolete and does not affect the convexity of the lower part of the lip; the umbilicus is large and crateriform, the base of the shell until the body-whorl begins to enlarge towards the mouth being flat, and slopes sharply from the carina into the umbilicus, so that the lower carina, during that period of growth, is much more acute than the superior one; the whorls of the young shell are very narrow and high, and owing to the rapid increase in height in proportion to width, the col- 136 THE NAUTILUS. umellar insertion of the lip is on the base of the preceeding whorl between the umbilicus and the lower carina (fig. 7), which thus forms a strong spirally entering fold slightly below the centre of the inner margin. Compared. with this species, P. trivolvis is distin- guished by its greater width in proportion to its height, wider and more convex whorls, finer and closer striz, wider and more oblique aperture, less prominent superior carina, which is nearly central on the penultimate whorl, the constantly rounded base of the whorls in all stages of growth, never sharply and acutely carinate as in corpu- lentus ; and smaller umbilicus, not exhibiting the apical whorls. The specimens before me are from the following localities : 1. Michigan. Coll. University of Michigan (figs. 1, 2 and 3). Exact locality and collector unknown. . These specimens have been in the University museum for many years, and no further infor- mation in regard to them is attainable. They are much heavier and thicker than those from the other localities represented, but are other- wise very similar. In all probability they were part of the material turned into the museum from one of the early geological surveys, and quite likely are from the western part of the Upper Peninsula, as noth- ing like them has been found in the upper part of the Lower Penin- sula, or in the eastern portion of the upper. They were originally catalogued as P. trivolvis Say. 2. Rat Portage, Keewatin, Manitoba. Coll. Fred’k Stearns. Collected by A. C. Lawson in 1884. 3. Vermillion Lake, Minn., (fig. 4, 5 and 6). Received from H. F. Nachtrieb of the Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sur- vey of Minn. 4, Vermillion Lake, Hudson Bay Territory (fig. 7.) From the collection of the late Dr. James Lewis. Collector un- known. Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, of the Geological Survey of Canada, has kindly furnished the following data in regard to the material belong- ing to the Survey : ‘‘In the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, there are five typical examples of Planorbis corpulentus collected by Dr. James Fletcher, in 1882, at the Lake of the Woods; by A. C. Lawson in 1884, at Rat Portage, above the Falls, and by W. McInnes in 1890, at Greenwater Lake, Thunder Bay District. There are also speci- mens which are at least very similar to P. corpulentus in the same ; THE NAUTILUS. isyé museum, collected by J. B. Tyrrell, in 1879, at McLeod Lake and by Dr. G. M. Dawson, in 1889, at Nicola Lake, both in British Columbia. ‘«¢ T have never seen any of the land or fresh water shells referred to by Dr. Dawson in his Brit. N. Am. Bound. Report, and believe that they went to the British Museum.” Rev. George W. Taylor of Nanaimo, B. C., writes that a pair of the shells collected by Lawson are the only ones in his collection and that “the large Planorbis occurring on this (western) side of the Rockies is P. ammon.”’ In conclusion, therefore, it may be said that P. corpulentus Say, is a valid species and entirely distinct from either the eastern P. trivol- vis on the one hand, or the western P. ammon or binney? or: the other; that it is a characteristic form of the Manitoba lake region, and ex- tends from there into northern Minnesota and Michigan. Nothing is known in regard to the animal. Bibliography. 1824 Say—Lone’s Expedition II. 262, pl. XV, f. 9. 1837 Beck—Index Molluscorum p. 118. 1840 Whittemore—Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts O. S. XX XVIII, 193. 1848 Anthony—List of L. and F. W. Shells found in vicinity of Cincinnati. 1844 Haldeman—Mon. F. W. Univ. Moll. 19, pl. III. fig. 7-9. 1842 Adams—Thompson’s Hist. of Vt. 155, Reprint 5. 1843 DeKay—Zoology of N. Y.—Mollusca—64, pl. VIII, 185* a. b. 1845 Wheatley—Cat. Shells of U.S. 21. 1852 Jay—Cat. of Shells 267. 2 Gould—uU.S. Ex. Ex. Moll. 114, f. 130, 130 a, 130 b. 1856 Lewis—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIII, 260. 1856 Carpenter—Rep. Moll. W. Coast of N. A. pp. 210 and 316. 1858 Say—Binney’s Ed. 128, pl. LXXIV, f. 9. 1859 Cooper—Rep. Moll. P. R. R. Survey 378. 1861 Tristram---Cat. Coll. T. and F. Moll. in Guatemala, P. Z. 8S, 231. 1864 Carpenter—Sup. Rep. Moll. W. Coast of N. A. pp. 532, 558, 599, 607 675. 1865 Binney—L. and F. W. Shells II, 114, f. 190. 1870 _Tryon—Mon. F. W. Univ. Moll. pp. 199 and 202. 1872 Carpenter—Moll. West N. A. pp. 18, 44, 85, 93, 161. 1876 (?) Sowerby—Conch. Icon. XX. f. 4. 1886 Clessin—Conch. Cab. Planorbis, 144. pl. 17, f. 4; pl. 22, f. 1. 1887 Grant—16th An. Rep. Geo, & Nat. Hist. Sur. Minn. 484. 1893 Walker—Nautilus VI. 136. 1894 Walker—Rey. Moll. Fauna of Mich. 18. 138 THE NAUTILUS. 1899 Hanham—Nautilus XIII, 1. — Anthony—List of L. and F. W. Shells found in vicinity of Cincinnati. Hubbard—Cat. Terr. and Fluv. Shells of Ohio. 1859 Chenu—Man. de Conch. I, 482, f. 3560. NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio Kingii, sp. nov. Shell small, moderately thin, plicate behind, inflated, elliptical and very inequilateral. Epidermis dark yellow and covered through- out with fasciculated rays, which are more or less interrupted, form- ing arrow-shaped markings. Sides rounded, and with a slight enlargement from umbo to base, causing a slight emargination be- hind it. Beaks quite prominent and surrounded by ten or twelve fine, irregular, broken concentric folds. Umbonal ridge well defined and the terminus of all the knotty plications that thickly cover the posterior area. Lateral teeth slender, straight and quite smooth ; cardinals erect and well roughened. Anterior cicatrices scarcely distinct and often confluent ; a deep extension running well under the cardinals. Beak cavity slight; cavity of shell profound and uniform, Nacre variable, from greenish gray to rose. Width, 13 in.; length, 3 in.; diam, @ in. Habitat. A branch of the Flint R. in Baker Co., Ga. Type lot in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, Unio Walkeri, Wrt. and U. penicillatus Lea. From the former they are easily distinguished by their greater infla- tion and rounded sides, and more rounded umbonal angle, the finer and rougher plications and diminished length; from the latter it is also more inflated, darker and coarser, and has a sharper um- bonal angle. In some specimens the rays almost disappear, and again are so dense as to give a green appearance to the shell. Mr. Charles T. Simpson has compared the type lot with the Lea types and considers it nearer to U. penicillatus Lea than to Walk- eri, but sufficiently distinct from both to warrant the standing we here give it. Mr. Simpson also suggests a generic name, by which this group will be distinguished in his forthcoming Synopsis of the family. It affords me pleasure to name this species for the discoverers, THE NAUTILUS. 139 Messrs. G. F. and B. H. King, who take great interest in natural history, and who are about to engage upon a thorough exploration of S. W. Ga. and W. Fla. in the interest of science. Their address is Mimsville, Ga. NOTES ON SOME SOUTHERN MEXICAN SHELLS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. A small collection of shells from the state of Tabasco, Mexico, re- ceived from Prof. José N. Rovirosa, is interesting as supplying a new species of the genus Chondropoma, a genus common to southern Mexico and the West Indies, but far more fully developed in the latter region. A new Unio of the Lampsilis group also occurred. The following is a list of the species ; Polygyra Yucatanea Mor. var. helictomphala Pfr. San Juan Bau- tista. Thysanophora conspurcatella Morel. San Juan Bautista. Oxystyla princeps Brod. Subulina trochlea (Pfr.). San Juan Bautista. Opeas micra (Orb.). San Juan Bautista. Glandina Ghiesbrechti Pfr. Succinea Guatemalensis Morel. Planorbis tenuis Phil.? (Young.) Planorbula obstructa Morel. Margin of the Grijaloa R. Aplexa aurantia Cpr. Macajucea. Aplexa Tapanensis Cr. & Fisch. San Juan Bautista. Chondropoma Martensianum Pilsbry. Montafias de Poana. See below. Felicina lirata Pfr. Garden of the Juarez Institute, San Juan Bautista. Neritina virginea L. Pueblo “ La Ceiba.” Pachychilus vulneratus Crosse & Fischer. Upper Puyacatengo R. near Teapa. This is the form referred by Morelet (in coll.) to P. Helleri, and made by Crosse & Fischer a variety of P. chrysalis Brot., under the above name. The form seems to offer considerable differences from P. chrysalis, typical specimens of which were col- lected by Sr. Rovirosa at Ixtacomitan, Chiapas, and it may prove specifically independent. The specimens are old, more truncated 140 THE NAUTILUS. than any other Pachychilus I have seen, one with a greatest diam- éter of 24 mm., measuring 39 mm, in height, and having less than two whorls remaining, the suture describing only one spiral turn. The shells from Morelet’s collection before me are much smaller, though doubtless this exact form. Unio Rovirosai Pilsbry. Laguna de Atasta, near San Juan Bau- tista. See’ below. . Descriptions of New Species. _ Chondropoma Martensianum n. sp. Shell perforate, turreted, truncate, thin, corneous, with many faint reddish-brown narrow spiral bands interrupted into dots. 43 to 54 whorls remaining in adults, very convex, separated by very deeply impressed sutures, the last whorl well rounded below. Sculpture of numerous very low spiral cords, a median one often larger, giving the upper whorls a subangular appearance, crossed by very numer- ous vertical lamella with scalloped edges, about 4 or 5 lamelle in the space of a millimeter, on the latter half of the last whorl. Aper- ture circular ; peristome broadly and equally reflexed on the outer, basal and columellar margins, its face somewhat lamellose, nearly 1 mm. wide. Alt. 18, diam. 6.6, internal diam. of aperture 3.2 mm. (d$ whorls. ) Alt. 11.8, diam. 6.5, internal diam. of aperture, 3.3 mm. (4% whorls.) Montanas de Poand, Tabasco, Mexico (José N. Rovirosa). This species is most nearly allied to ©. radioswm Morelet, but differs as follows: It is smaller and more slender; the lamella are not produced into short spines where they cross the spiral cords ; the peristome is decidedly narrower, recurved instead of flat or flaring for- ward ; finally, the aperture itself is as large as in C. radiosum, though the shell is smaller. ; It is named in honor of Dr. E. von Martens, who is now publish- ing an extensive work on the non-marine mollusks of Mexico. Unio (Lampsilis) Rovirosai n. sp. Shell large, ovate, rather thin (about as in U. /uteolus), inflated, nowhere gaping, covered with a rather thin black cuticle, sculptured with coarse and irregular growth-wrinkles, lamellose toward the basal margin; beaks rather small, situated a little behind the anterior . THE NAUTILUS. 141 fourth of the length ; hinge margin slightly curved, anterior end narrowly rounded, posterior end much wider. Interior white, faintly pink tinted in the cavity, hardly iridescent. Right valve with one strong wedge-shaped cardinal tooth standing nearly at a right angle to the larger axis of shell, slight rudiments of accessory teeth in front of and behind it on the hinge-line; the lateral single, stout and high, separated by nearly its own length from the cardinal. Left valve with two stout, subequal, oblique, crenulated cardinal teeth and two strong laterals. Anterior adductor and pedal scars deep, posterior scars very shallow, the adductor and foot retractor completely united. Dorsal scars well within the cavity of the beaks, the major row (of about 6—8 small deep scars) extending obliquely across the cavity from below the cardinal to the lower side of the hinge-plate ; some smaller, shallower scars below the main series. Pallial line deep an- tericrly and below, shallow posteriorly. Length 111, height 71, diam. 43 mm. Laguna de Atasta, near San Juan Bautista, Tabasco, Mexico. Type isa 2 specimen. It is allied to U. umbrosus Lea, differing in the narrower anterior end and consequently triangularly oblong form, the hinge-line and basal margin converging strongly forward ; the lateral teeth are also shorter. The female is much more swollen posteriorly than in U. umbrosus. It is named in honor of Prof. José N. Rovirosa, known for his botanical explorations in southern Mexico. This species falls into the genus Lampsilis as understood by Simp- son. Pending the publication of his classification of the group, it is here placed under Unio. SOME NOTES ON THE LAND SHELLS OF WESTERN FLORIDA. BY C. W. JOHNSON. The following notes on the land mollusca are based on a few ob- tained incidentally while collecting fossils in Western Florida during the latter half of February and the first week in March. These notes give a more southern and western distribution for a number of species than has heretofore been recorded. The more southern distribution is undoubtedly due to the direct southerly course of all the rivers, which during freshets carry down great quantities of drift-wood to which a number of the land shells 142 THE NAUTILUS. usually cling for preservation. A more western range for a number of the eastern species would be expected, and more thorough and ex- tended researches would probably show a much greater distribution ‘westward. In the woods just east of Tallahassee, among the leaves around the foot of some large magnolias and oaks, a number of Polygyra pus- tula and P. hopetonensis and a few Omphalina levigata and Strobilops labyrinthica were found. Near by in an old decayed log were found Glandina truncata (young), Vitrea indentata, Zonitoides arboreus, Z. milium and Philomycus carolinensis. At Jackson’s Bluff on the Ocklocknee river, 24 miles west of Tal- lahassee, is a fine exposure of the Chesapeake miocene. Here a few favorable logs and stones were hastily turned over; under the lime- stone was found Helicina orbiculata and Glandina truncata, while from the logs were taken Omphalina levigata, Gastrodonta sup- pressa, a form in which the umbilicus is but slightly perforate, G. demissa, Vitrea indentata, Helicodiscus lineatus and Polygyra inflecta ; for the latter species this is a more southern locality than has previously been given. Two miles below Jackson’s Bluff is Larkin’s Bluff; under some boards and wood near the Bluff only Polygyra hopetonensis was found ; this is the most western locality from which I obtained this species. About half a mile below Bailey’s Ferry, on the west side of the Chipola river, 11 miles west of Blountstown, is the farm of Mr. J. P. McClellan; here the Chipola bed comes to the surface and the shells are ploughed out inthe field. After obtaining a fine lot of the Chipola fossils and several boxes of the marl from which the clay and sand had been washed through a seive, I turned over an old log, just as I was leaving, and found Gastrodonta intertexta, the strongly carin- ated form, but with the usual internal callus. G. demissa, the most southern locality from which this species has been recorded. Poly- gyr’4 appressa var. perigrapta, formerly recorded only from the mountainous portions of Tennessee and adjacent States, P. iflecta, and P. pustula, which has not before been reported west of Cedar Keys. In crossing the field near by I found an immature specimen of P. albolabris. While waiting for the steamboat at Blountstown a short. stroll was taken through the woods; a search beneath the oak logs dis- closed a number of Polygyra fallax. It seemed strange how these were confined exclusively to the oak; numerous pine logs were turned over, close by the oak, and all conditions seemed equally favorable, but not a single shell was obtained. P. fallax has not to my knowl- edge been recorded south of northern Georgia. Under the bark of logs, in the drift along the Apalachicola river, was the ever present Zonitoides arboreus. As the steamboat did not connect with the east-bound train, I was obliged to go to Marianna for the night. I had noticed from the car THE NAUTILUS. 143 window the week before an outcrop of limestone at the railroad bridge across the Chipola river, one mile east of town, that I wanted very much to examine, so before train time, the next morning, I made a grand rush for the river. ‘The nummulitic limestone con-* tained but one mollusk, Pecten perplanus, but what it lacked paleon- tologically, it made up malacologically in furnishing a suitable en- vironment for numerous species of snails. A glance showed it to be an ideal collecting ground ; limestone, moisture, a varied vegetation, a cave and an old quarry with moss-covered rocks in all directions, is just what the snails want, and visions of a new species or variety formed an active stimulant; for I felt sure that Hemphill, Ferriss or Sargent had not been there. But alas, while the snails were thick, a nov. sp. was not to be found by ‘dis chile.” Ferriss would no doubt have found one, for I stil! believe it’s there. Pyramidula alternata was very abundant, a coarsely sculptured and beautifully marked form, among which I found a sinistral specimen. P. per- spectiva was also plentiful; neither of these have previously been re- corded from Florida. Among the leaves in front of the cave were numerous fine specimens of Gastrodonta demissa, the majority of which are slightly more depressed than the typical form. Ompha- lina laevigata chiefly frequented an old log, while Helicina orbiculata were found among the rocks in the drier portions of the quarry. A few specimens of the following species were also obtained : Glandina truncata, Zonitoides arboreus, Vitreaindentata, Strobilops labyrinthica, Bifidaria armifera, Polygyra inflecta, P. appressa var. perigrapta, and P. stenotrema. The latter species have not before been recorded from Florida. In the river drift near the bridge were numerous specimens of Polygyra auriformis and afew Succinea luteola. As this drift was not the direct wash of the river, but was formed by the water backing up over the low ground along the railroad, I am in- clined to think that the two species could be found living among the grass and sedge along the high-water mark. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HARPERI, N. SP. BY F. W: BRYANT. Shell unbilicate, translucent, white; suture well defined; spire a depressed cone composed of five regularly increasing convex whorls, the first three smooth, the remainder marked by obscure, closely- crowded, oblique lines of growth; base convex; aperture nearly circular, oblique; peristome thin, broadly expanded, and reflexed at lower third of baso-columellar portion, its extremities joined by an elevated ridge, bordering which is a somewhat triangular callus bounded on the inner side by a ridge extending from the middle of the base of the reflected portion of the peristome obliquely to the 144 THE NAUTILUS. upper part of the basal whorl; width of umbilicus about one-fifth — greater diameter of shell. | Numerous dark microscopical lines extend from the peristome over ‘the body whorl nearly perpendicular to the lines of growth. Greatest diam. 17, least diam. 14, alt. 9 mm. Locality, San Jacinto Mts., California. A NEW N.-E. AUSTRALIAN AMNICOLOID. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The species described below was received from Mr. D. Thaanum. It is evidently referable to the genus Petterdiella, the synonymy of which is as follows: Ampullaria sp., Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1876, velar ; Amnicola sp. of various authors. Brazieria Petterd, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1888, p. 76. Not Brazieria Ancey, 1887 (see Man. Conch. IX, p. 29). Petterdiana Brazier, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1896, p. 105. Pseudampullaria Ancey, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Marseille I, 1898, . 148. Z Allof the above names are based upon Ampullaria tasmanica Ten.- Woods. Petterdiana Thaanumi n. sp. Shell small, globose, Ampullaria-shaped, narrowly perforate ; light brown ; smooth except for slight growth-lines. Spire short. Whorls 4, quite convex, the last perceptibly flattened below the suture, globose, not angular at the periphery; narrowly excavated around the perforation. Aperture oblique, roundly ovate, narrowly rounded above; outer lip simple; columella concave, wide and flattened ; parietal callus short and rather heavy, though very much less thick than in P. tasmanica. Alt. 3.3, diam. 2.8 mm. Near Cairns, Queensland, Australia, This species differs from P. tasmanica in having the last whorl much less dilated towards the aperture, this difference being particu- larly noticeable when the shell is viewed in the line of the axis from above ; the aperture is consequently less ample, and the outline of the shell in a front view is more regular. There is also a fraction of a whorl more than in P. tasmanieca, the columella is not so wide, and the callus across the parietal margin is comparatively thinner, while in P. tasmanica the heavy columellar callus continues across the parietal wall, This is the second species of the genus, and so far as I know the first to be recorded from Australia, Ti NAUTILUS. A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. VOL, XIV. MAY, 1900, to APRIL, 1901. PHILADELPHIA : Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON. io ® ie) Rahs: | 7 _ - wi AS 1 > = ae ly ae ay a AAA y = 3 F ‘ a al on a) Xr ee» Sa te it ee ae oe 7 EOS 0 Re negara ek.) Rs cue ee ey 2 SRN Far 6 rat ae ra ' Vie arare RS a hy * | RCA a as eee ee >, ii o 7 * = o St LR Ui ie ea * ; z ; ‘as a : 7 ~e f v y Mh INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XIV. INDEX TO ARTICLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED. Alasmodonta marginata Say and A. truncata Wright . . 143 Alexia myosotis marylandica Pils.,n. var. . : ‘ . 40 Amnicola letsoni Walker, n. sp. 113 Argyrotheca Dall. new name for Gictella tose 1853, not of Gistel 1848 ; oe re Ariolimax steindachneri aban. a new ine slug . = hyed Ashmunella ea riotes on (rufescens and alba, Deevar.)i. : ‘ : ; : Pai | Asiatic shells, new ppeeiee of . ; : : ; 42, 83 Atrina oldroydii Dall., n. sp. : : : : . 143 Bathysciadium conicum Dautz . : : i ‘ 48, 60 Bifidaria holzingeri Sterki in New Mexico . L . 83 Bifidaria hordeacella from Cape May, N. J. d , ca: Bonnanius Jouss. : ; : : : ULE Browne, Francis C._ . ' E 3 ‘ . 132 Buliminus callistoderma Pils.,n. sp. . ; bigs Buliminus callistoderma var. quasi Pils. n. var. . . 128 Buliminus eucharistus Pils., n. sp. , : : . 128 Buliminus extorris var. omiensis Pils.,n. var. . : . 382 Buliminus hirasei Pils.,n. sp. . : ; . 32 Buliminus luchuanus Pils., n. sp. : ; . 129 Buliminus (Petroeus) piisbey anus Ancey, a new Aetna species. : : 4S Bulimulus (Drymezeus) sageetas Walton, n. sp. (Costa Rica) 87 California, exotic mollusks in. ; ‘ ; ae Cape May, N. J., land shells of . ; : ; eae (iii ) 1V THE NAUTILUS. Cerion stevensoni Dall.,n. sp. (Bahamas) . , ; 65 Cheilea Modeer 1793 in place of Mitrularia Schum, 1817 » mb Circinaria hemphilli in California 3 oe Cistella Gray 1853 not Gistel 1848.—Argy nothees Dall. . 44 Clausilia euholostoma Pils., n. sp. : : ; . 108 Clausilia hiraseana Pils.,n. sp. . : : : ; . 108 Clausilia harimensis Pils.. SP-eee fe ks : ; : , 108 Clausilia hokkaidoensis Pils., n. Bp. . 108 Clausilia iotaptyx var. clava Pils.,n. var. . : ; Les Clausilia japonica var. interplicata Pils., n. var. . HOS Clausilia perpallida Pils.,n. sp. . . rs Conus consors Sowb. . ; : j : : . 86 Cyclotus (?) micron Pils.,n. sp. . : ; ; i 15 Diplommatina uzenensis Pils.,n. sp. . ‘ ‘ 338 Epiphragmophora fidelis in central California. . 144 Epiphragmophora traski, aestivation of, . 13 EKuconulus Reinhardt fon Conulus Fitz, 18338 na of Raf. 1814 : : ; : : ; : sn8l Kuconulus reinhardti Pils. , 0.Sp. : : : , nek EKuhadra (7) pseudocampy es Ancey, n. sp- : ; Pecks: Kulota (Eubadra) caliginosa (Ad. and Rve.) gars Eulota callizona dixoni Pils., n. var. -. t i e160 Eulota callizona maritima Gulick and Bilsney n. var. 1 88 EKulota (Plectotropis) elegantissima var. cara Pils.,n. var. . 107 Kulota gainesi Pils., n. sp. . : : 5 ‘ 3 . 60 EKulota gu@eana Pils., n. sp. . : : : Papa ih) Kulota gudeana hakodatensis Pils., n. n, for Helix laeta Gould, pre-occupied : : ; } } Ge Eulota horrida Pils., n. sp. . , i ‘ ‘ i +1 EE Kulota (Biectouropis) inornata Pils., n. sp. . : . 129 Eulota (Plectotropis) kiusiuensis Pils., Spe) Can a F PB st) Kulota luhuana idzumonis Pilsbry and Gulick, n. var. see Julota luhuana aomoriensis Gulick and Pilsbry,n. var. . 89 Eulota (Aegista) martensiana Pils., n. sp. . ‘ ; . 129 Eulota mesogonia Pils..n. sp. . : i f steed Eulota (Eubadra) mercatoria (Gray, Pfr. ye : ; . 90 Eulota mercatoria atrata Pilsbry and Gulick, n. var. . mel Euryta A. Adams 1858 not of Gistel 1848.—Mazatlania Dall. 5 : : : , : : : rae THE NAUTILUS. v Eurytus conturesi Ancey. A new land shell from South America . : ‘ : : : : . 42 Ganesella jacobii Pils., n. Bp : , pars by Ganesella myomphala var. empialoded Pils. ae var * PEG Ganesella wiegmanniana Pils.,n. sp. . i EG Gastranella tumida Verr. at Ww oods Holl, eee _ Se Gastranella tumida Verr., the young of Petricola dactylus . 106 Gastrodonta intertexta volusize Pils., n. var. (Florida) ge Gastrodonta walkeri Pils. . ; ; : : nee General Notes. eis) st . "8536, 4%, 60; TI, 93, 118, 130 Glandina (Varicella) deflorescens Mics hai a) | Saale . 184 Glandina iberingi Pils.,n.sp.. : , See Glandina (Varicella) taylori Vendryes,n. sp. . : . 138 Glomus Jefireys 1876 not of Gistel 1848. -Pristigloma Dall. 44 Glyptostoma newberryanum W. G. B. (Aestivation) . > et Great raft, an hour on the . : : 67 Great Smoky Mountains, Collecting in ae! : . 49 Helicina hakodadiensis Hartman ‘ : ‘ . 128 Helicina reinii var. uzenensis Pils., n. var. . . 128 Helicina osumiensis Pils., n. sp. ; = Lal Helicina sundana Ancey, n. n. fae H. exserta Murtens not of Gundlach ‘ . 4 Helicina verecunda Gould . ' . 128 Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pils., n. sp. (Texas) 41 Helix albolabris, Growth of hale Helix feralis Hemphill, n. sp. (sub-fossil) ea . Lat Helix kelletti Fbs. . 136 Helix hortensis in Newfoundiants . AZ Helix sodalis Hempbill, n. sp. (sub-fossil) His: 5 122 Helix tryoni major Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossil) figs. 123 Helix tryoni maculata Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossil) figs. . 123 Helix tryoni minor Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossii) figs. . 123 Holospira minima Martens, for H. pfeiffer var. minor Mart., preoccupied J : . 118 Japanese Mollusks, Marios of some new 11, 32, 59, 79, 88, 107, 115, 127 Kaliella fraterna Pils., n. sp. ' : . ot Kaliella symmetrica Pils., n. sp. . 4 ; ee Kennebunkport, Maine, land Mollusca of . oe vi THE NAUTILUS. Kentucky, Mollusea of southern, ; : : oi ee Lampsilis simpsoni Ferris, n. sp. (Atlensees) ; « 38 Land shells from rejactamenta of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, N. Mex. and of Gallinas R. at Las Vegas, N. Mex. . Peet) Laseea rubra Montg. and L. bermudensis Bush, the same Species. : ; : : : . 106 Las Vegas, N. Nie. Shells ‘of : : : ag Lima haimlini Dall, n. sp. (cretaceous, see page 36) : “, Ml Limicolaria oviformis Ancey, A new Asiatic species . . 42 Limnea mighelsi W. G. Binn. Note on the habits of ens Limpet, Note on a new abyssal . , ; : i = 60 Los Angeles, Cal., Age of deposit underlying. 36 Mazatlania Dall, Pracsca for Euryta A. Adams 1858 ee of Gistel 1848 : : : ape 3 Mitrularia Schum, 1817 = Chelle Meieed 1793. : - 49 Mollasks in grass : : ; : : ; : Sas Murex petra Dall. A new Murex from California . Ry 1 Naiades, « review of Simpson’s Synopsis. ; i -1S0 Names which must be discarded (Dall.) : : . 44 New Mexican snails, new records of . : 4 F 82,85 Odostomia, variation in : ; . 126 Omphalina levigata latior Pils., n. var. ; : .. 06 Omphalina levigata perlaevis Pils., N. var: : : . 06 Pecten (Lyropecten) dilleri Dall, n. sp. (fossil) . : Pie) ia Lt Phenacolepas, catalogue of species of the genus . rn sy | Philomycus secretus Cockerell, n. sp. . : : Ba) Phyllaphysia, a genus new to ae Pacific Genre : ‘ ope Phyllaphysia taylori Dall., n. sp. i 3 . 292 Physe of Northeastern Titers. a revision of ie : 5G Physa ancillaria var. magnate Walker, n. var. . NOT Physa ancillaria var. crassa Walker, n. var. : . 98 Physa gyrina Say : : ‘ : : : Mea ket Physa gyrina elliptica Lea . : A . 28 Physa heterostropha Say. : ; : : : i) 1 Physa integra Hald. . : é ‘ : 828 Physa moussoni Ancey,n. sp. . ; ; : . 84 Physa sayii Tappan . : , ; i yes Pinna from California, a new : : . 143 Pisidia, some general notes on. : 5 { ; Jog THE NAUTILUS, Vii Pisidium imbecille Sterki, n.sp. . , Sabet: Pisidium monas Sterki,n. sp. . { : ‘ : . 100 Pisidium peraltum Sterki, n. sp. . : ‘ , ; SUS Pisidium streatori Sterki, n. sp. P : : . 100 Pisidium tenuissimum Sterki,n.sp. . ; P ee Planorbis corpulentus Say, A olonieneaey note My iy Jaioo Planorbis persicus Ancey, n. sp.. ‘ : =. 68 Planorbis umbilicatellus Cockerell, in New ence ; ae Pleurobranchus californicus Dall.,n. sp. . ; : ae Polygyra albolabris alleni . : : : : é 27, 28 Polygyra andrewse altivaga Pils. : : ; : . d4 Polygyra andrewse normalis Pils. : 3 . of Polygyra binneyana ., A : . 26, 27, 28 Polygyra edwardsi wep casas Pils, : : . oD Polygyra ferrissi : ; , ; . 50, 51, 53 Polygyra hirsuta pilula Pils. : ; : . 5d Polygyra pilsbryi Ferriss, n. sp., in poarch of j : . 25 Polygyra stenotrema without a lip-notch . : : . 185 Pomatiopsis hirasei Pils., n. sp. . 12 Pristogloma Dall. proposed for Glomus eaeeye 1876, mo of Gistel 1848 . ‘ ‘ : : ‘ 2 : a ae Publications received . ; : . 384, 45,94, 104, 119, 130 Punctum blandianum Pils. . : , : 58 Punctum japonicum Pils., n. sp. : reat oes Pyramidula elrodi Pils., n. sp. .. ; ; ~ 40 Quintard, J.B. , ‘ : See He Rochester, N. Y., shell pollens near : 69 Saxidomus of fe West Coast, notes on the didteibution of the , ; : $ : | Shell Gallantintoag on ‘he Masiuits: Gnas : a cht Shells of the marl-deposits of Aroostook county, Meine, »», £01 Sistrum nicocheanum Pils., n. sp. : : | ee Spherium crassum Sterki, n. sp. ' : ' : » 140 Spherium walkeri Sterki, n. sp. ; 141 Spiraculum assamense Halen n. on een) : : eg Subemarginula yatesi Dall, a new species from California . 125 Succinea campestris vagans Pils.,n. var. . 5 Aes To a slug (in alcohol). : , . 36 Trishoplita cretacea var. biparnts Bile: n, var. . {OF Vill THE NAUTILUS. - Trishoplita goodwini var. kyotoensis Pils., n, yar. 3 BeSaC Trishoplita goodwini var. suprazonata Pils.,n. var. . : 80 Trishoplita smithiana Pils.,n. sp. >. : : ; a LLG Trivia paucilirata Sowb. — . : : . 144 Truneatella clathrus Lowe at Key West, Fla. : : . 130 Unionide of Indiana (Review of Dr. Call’s s work) ; agS Vallonia puichella ; ; . 130 Vallonia pulchella, in Los. Angeles and elsewhere in Cali- fornia, ete. ; : : : : . 69 Vertigo bir asei Pils., n. sp. : : : . 128 Vitrea petrophila pentadelphia Pils. : 4 : Aon Vitrea rhoadsi Pils., Note on ‘ ‘ od ES Vitrinizonites latissimus uvidermis Pils. : : 3 5 ie West Coast conchologists, to. ; : : 10 West Coast conchology, SContabaion EOL : f 109, 121 INDEX TO. AUTHORS. Ancey, C. F. Ry oa : ; : ; : : 42, 83 Baker, Frank C. . : : : 16, 99, 93 Bruenn, Bs He:.. é : : : : . 186 Button, Fred L. . , F : , basen a. ; the Glapp.(GeoawHe i. o.. : : ; 63, 72, 130 Cockerell, T. D A... nea De 59, 72, 85 Dall, Wm. H. ; : 15, 3T, Hae 48, 65, 91, 92, 117, 125, 143 Merriss, Jha Gr 3 : : : 25, 38, 49 Biack, Wim. HH. : : : ; : P ‘ ; io [94 Frierson, Lorrain S. . , (ae et E los Fulton, Hugh : : : : ee =| Gifford, Edw. W. : : : , : . 144 Hemphill, Henry : : : ; pe iD a | Keep, Josiah 3 Ss i : : LOS: Morrell, Jennie M. iEE, , j : : : 4 en 3) Nylander, Olof O. : 101 Pilsbry, Henry Ac3. 4, wl 32, 40, 59, “Gi, 13, 19, 82 85, 88, 107, 115, 197, 135 Price, Sadie F. . ; : : adi Sp Stearns, R. E. C. B i ; 1, 65 Sterki, Vio : : ‘ i ' 5, 99, 138 Vendryes. Henry : : : : » 135 Walker, Bryant : ; : Rigo 33, i eG Wheeler, Chas. Le Roy ‘ 3 : ; : . 86, 1438 Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton : ° : : abs Winkley, Henry W. | ; . 98, 126 Spee NA Ui iL S. 4 Vou. XIV. MAY, 1900. No. 1. NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF AND CERTAIN CHARACTERS IN THE SAXIDOMI OF THE WEST COAST. BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS. Four species of Sax/domus have been described from the West coast of North America and one from Japan. On the American shores its distribution extends from the Gulf of Alaska to San Diego, a range of about 2500 miles. It is remarkably prolific, being found in great abundance in the waters of Puget Sound and in many places between the points above named. The foregoing applies particularly to the two species S. aratus Gould (= 8S. gracilis Gld.), and S. Nuttallii Conrad. The other forms, S. squalidus Desh., and S. brevisiphonatus Cpr., may prove to be only varietal. With our present knowledge, the latter appear to be quite local, or of infrequent occurrence, apparently restricted to Vancouver Island and the-shores around the Strait of Juan de Fuca, though Carpenter credits sgualidus to Oregon and the neighborhood of San Francisco bay, S. Nuttallii appears to be more generally distributed and more abundant throughout the region named than S. aratus, though in one instance as many as a hundred bushels of the latter were included in a single consignment in 1867 to a San Francisco commission merchant. Notwithstanding its superior qual- ity from an edible point of view, there was no sale for them ; it was not a familiar form and the greater part was dumped into the bay, 2 THE NAUTILUS. These were obtained from some point on the shore of Sot.oma county in the neighborhood of Bodega, the exact locality unknown. The Indians, Wintuns and Pomos, who formerly inhabited the general region bordering this part of the coast, collected and dried great quantities of the meats of this species, which formed an im- portant part of their food supply, and they also made their disk- shaped beads and money, hawock, out of the shells. Harford’s! Alaska collection contained examples of S. Nuttallit, from Kodiak Island, Sitka, Carter’s Bay, and Port Simpson. Dall’s voluminous Alaskan notes when published will, probably, show that it is generally distributed throughout the Alaskan region, At San Pedro in the south, it occurs in gravelly mud and sand, associated with Tapes laciniata, a sharply sculptured species belonging to a genus that like Saatdomus is without a representative on the At- lantic coast. S. Nuttall’ is ordinarily a much coarser sculptured shell than JS. aratus, and as would be inferred when its wide distri- bution and great abundance are considered, varies greatly in propor- tion of length to breadth and both of these to thickness. The sculp- ture varies according to the local character of the ground it inhabits. There are other features worthy of notice ; among these the hinge cartilage, ete., and the adductors, the mechanism by which the valves are opened and closed, which is exceedingly conspicuous in Soa/do- mus as compared with Zivela crassatelloides, as will be s en at a glance when individuals of the two forms, of the same size, are placed side by side. Following Dall’s analysis of the so-called cartilage,’ which he says “is not a cartilage, and which is frequently spoken of as ‘ligament,’ or ‘internal ligament,’ [there is] a great need of a distinctive name, and I propose that of ‘ resilium,’ which clearly indicates its function ;”’ the term ligament being used for the upper or external portion or member, which operates by pudling, while the resilium or inner portion may be said to operate by causing a rebound when pressed, so resisting the closing of the valves when they are open; thus these two parts or members act reciprocally, each assisting in its special way in opening the valves. The function of the adductor 1 Shells collected by the U.S. Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska in the year 1867; Proc. Cal. Acad., Dec. 2, 1867. 2Trans. Wagner Free Instltute of Science, Vol. 3, Part III, March, 1895. THE NAUTILUS. 3 muscles is, on the contrary, that of closing the valves, and the position of these as related to the position of the compound ligament facilitates exactness in the inter-locking of the hinge teeth. Now these organs or devices for opening and closing the shells are of exceeding promi- nence in S. Nuttallii, and the opportunity for examining a fine series has recently been afforded me, by the gift of a large number for culi- nary purposes,’ by Mr. and Mrs. Oldroyd. The adductors are exceedingly large for shells of the size and weight, and the ligament being in proportionate size to these muscles, makes this form particularly desirable for the study of these charac- ters. When alive and gaping, the least disturbance will be followed by an energetic closing of the shell, with a snap so vigorous as to cause a chipping or fracture of the vertical edges of the valves. The strength and tenacity of the grip, when the powerful adductors are brought into action, may be easily proven by the insertion of the finger-tips into a partially open shell. The texture or substance of the shells in the Sax/domi is less com- pact or solid than in Tivela crassatellotdes, and the comparative weight of examples of the same dimensions is as 10 to 13; while the mass of the adductors and ligaments are fully twice as large in Saa/- domus as in Tivela, examples of the same size being compared. The differences exhibited by these forms, both belonging to the Venerida, indicate differences in habits and environmental conditions, and no doubt others not readily perceived, A NEW SPECIES OF SISTRUM. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Sistrum nicocheanum, 0. sp. Shell imperforate or rimate, fusiform, thick and strong, brownish flesh-colored, the spiral lire brown. Sculpture of strong, rounded, longitudinal waves equal to their intervals, 8 or 7 in number on the last whorl; these waves crossed by rather strong spiral cords, which widen into transversely oblong low tubercles upon the summits of the waves. Between these cords there are several spiral threads in most or all of the intervals. Whorls about 54, convex, the last one with concave outlines below, prodnced in a rather long anterior 'This “clam” makes an exceedingly delicious soup or broth. 4 THE NAUTILUS. canal. Aperture oval, flesh-colored within; peristome thick or beveled, armed with six subequal teeth within; columellar margin angular at the origin of the anterior canal, bearing a single small transverse fold above the angle; canal rather straight and long for this genus. Length 214, diam. 11, length of aperture and canal 12 mm. Nicochea, Argentina, Dr. H. von Ihering. Types no. 72640 coll. Aza Nig. This species is no. 877 of Dr. von Ihering’s register. It has much the general appearance of Urosalpinz cinereus (Say), which has about the same contour. The common Antillean Sistrum nodu- losum is more abbreviated, with far stronger tuberculation and a_ short anterior canal. It extends southward to Rio Janeiro and Cabo Frio, Brazil (Cf. Hidalgo, Mol. Viaje al Pacifico, p. 67, as A. tuber- culata Blv. var.?). A NEW GUATEMALAN GLANDINA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Glandina Iheringi n. sp. Shell obesely fusiform or biconic, the diameter half the altitude ; pale brown, with occasional dark chestnut or purplish-brown variceal stripes, inconspicuously bordered on the left side with whitish. Surface shining, finely and evenly striated throughout, excepting the smooth apical whorls ; spire conic, with nearly straight lateral out- lines, the apex rather acute. Whorls 73, a little convex, the earlier 24 smooth, separated by a simple suture, the rest very distinctly mar- gined below the suture by an impressed line which defines a narrow band of bead-lke tubercles, Last whorl obese, its latter half not rapidly descending, the last suture being consequently nearly parallel with the others, in a dorsal view. Aperture somewhat over half the shell’s length, narrow ; owter lip regularly arcuate; columella subver- tical, concave above, then sinuous and abruptly truncated and ex- cised. Alt. 25, diam. 125; longest axis of aperture 144, greatest width 52 mm. Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. Type no. 78036 Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. (no. 413 of Dr. H. von Thering’s register). This elegantly marked species is somewhat allied to G. cordovana HE NAUTILUS. 5 and G'. speciosa, both of which, on comparison of specimens, are seen to be much more cylindrical. The latter differs in being decidedly smoother below, even glabrous, while G. /heringi is striated to the base. The body-whorl is strongly swollen and convex, and the nar- row moniliferous subsutural border is particularly distinct and ele- gant. NEW PISIDIA, AND SOME GENERAL NOTES. BY DR. V. STERKI. Pis. IMBECILLE n. sp. Mussel minute, ovoid-oblong in outline, rather inflated; superior and inferior margins moderately curved, posterior slightly truncated obliquely outward, rounded below, antero- superior slightly curved or almost straight (oblique), anterior end rounded ; beaks somewhat posterior, broad and low, slightly raised above the hinge margin in the adult; color pale yellowish horn to whitish ; surface with very fine striation and a few slightly marked lines of growth, and with a slight waxy gloss; shell thin, hinge very fine and plate quite narrow; cardinal teeth very small, thin, or al- most obsolete, lateral teeth small, the outer ones of the right valve scarcely visible ; ligament fine. Size: long. 2.3, alt. 1.8, diam. 1.3 mill. Habitat: Byer’s Trout Pond, and Button Lake, Kent Co., Mich., collected by Dr. R. J. Kirkland. This is a well characterized species, not nearly related with any other, and can not be mistaken for mature specimens of any one. But it has much resemblance with very young examples of Ps. variabile Pr., of the same size, and it takes good care to discern them.—Our species will doubtless be found in other places ; in Byer’s Pond Dr. K. collected over four hundred specimens, and twenty- five in Button Lake. The name has been derived from its small size, thin shell, low, broad beaks, and some similarity in shape with Anodonta imbecillis Say. Pis. peraltum, n. sp. Mussel of moderate size, somewhat oblique, very high, much inflated, beaks large, full and prominent; hinge margin strongly curved ; posterior part, behind the beaks, very short, the margin high, slightly to distinctly truncated, passing into the well rounded inferior, with a wide, regular curve; antero-superior 6 THE NAUTILUS. margin slightly curved in a steep slope to the slightly angular, rounded anterior end; color light yellowish hern in the young and a zone along the margins in older species, in which the upper parts usually are grayish; surface slightly shining, finely and irregularly striated, with some deeper lines of growth usually of darker color ; shell rather strong, nacre whitish to grayish, muscle insertions distinct; hinge stout, strongly curved, plate moderately broad; cardinal teeth short, the one in the right valve curved, its posterior part thick, and usually grooved; the anterior of the left valve short, stout, triangular, abrupt, with a deep groove, posterior short, oblique, curved ; lateral teeth short, stout, high, pointed, the outer ones in the right valve quite small; ligament short, moderately strong. Size: long. 3.8 alt. 5.8 diam. 2.8 mill. Habitat: Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich., collected (over 600 specimens) by Dr. R. J. Kirkland; also in Illinois, Iowa and Kentucky. Typical specimens are easily distinguished from all other species —except an extreme form of P. compressum Pr., from the same place, having rounded beaks without ridges. Yet they are quite distinct. P. peraltum is somewhat variable: in some specimens, there are small but distinct projecting angles at the scutum, or scu- tellum, or both. Others are less high, and the beaks are not so full and prominent. A few specimens (dead valves) from Havana, Ill., had been re- ceived from the Illinois State Laboratory of Nat. Hist. (Mr. Kofoid), in 1895; a few valves from Iowa City, Ia., were sent, in 1896, by Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss, and a few good specimens from Bowling Green, Ky., by Miss 8. F. Price in 1899. While all these evidently were of the same Pisidium, they seemed not sufficient for establishing a new species upon them, but now proved identical with the Michigan form, and are valuable in showing a wide geographical distribution of our species. Pisidia are becoming an important factor of our molluscan fauna. Owing to the efforts and the kindness of many conchologists in the United States and Canada, the writer had chances to examine a large number of specimens—over two hundred thousand, during the last five or six years, besides ten thousands of Sphaeria and Calycu- THE NAUTILUS. 7 line. Yet they still represent only a small part of the country, and diligent, careful collecting in many more places and sections is badly needed. That among such materials there should be many new forms was to be anticipated, but the results were beyond all expectations. This is partly proved by the many species already published. It seems to be necessary to add that the greatest care has been taken in estab- lishing new species. All of them have been seen in every stage of growth ; most are represented by hundreds and thousands of speci- mens, and, in fact, the geographical range of almost all is a wide one. And numerous new forms are in hand, partly have been for years, awaiting new materials for their confirmation. Not only the species in themselves are of interest and value, but also the study of their geographical distribution and their variations. Some of the Pisidia are extremely variable, and the same can be said of some of. our Sphaeria and Calyculine, and their study is very difficult. This is not the place for an account of the work done by all con- tributors, a summary of which will be given in a revision to be pub- lished. Yet two conchologists have done such work and their suc- cess is so unparalleled, the example given by them so suggestive and encouraging, that we can not pass them over in silence. Mr. Olaf O. Nylander has, since ’95, worked up Aroostook Co., Me., and, beside other mollusca, collected and sent for examination about 32,000 recent specimens and large numbers of fossil Pisidia. His careful collecting, under great difficulties, in many places over an extensive area of that northeastern part of our country, has added very materially to our knowledge of the molluscan fauna.? During the last four years also, Dr. R. J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Mich., has collected and sent for examination about 123,000 Pisidia (over 70,000 in °99), and many thousand Spheria and Pisidia, most from Kent and some other counties of Michigan. And it is of importance that both these enthusiastic collectors, like some others also, have paid special attention to even the smallest speci- mens. Thus we became acquainted with some minute species, while the study of the young of all was greatly facilitated. On the other hand, it is very desirable, or rather indispensable, to have as jarge numbers of specimens as possible at disposition, from every locality. 1See Mr. Nylander’s list in Toe Nautitus XIU, p. 102. (Jan., 1900.) 8 THE NAUTILUS. considering the enormous variability of some species, in order to as- certain whether certain forms are really species, or varieties, or local variations. J.B. QUINTARD. {t is with great regret that we learn of the death of our old cor- respondent, Mr. J. B. Quintard, which occurred at his home near Silver Lake, Shawnee county, Kansas, on December 17, 1899. Born at Norwalk, Connecticut, October 21, 1839, he moved with his parents to Knox county, Ohio, in 1847. In December, 1859, he married Miss Madeline I. Watkins, and in May, 1860, they moved to Kansas, where he selected a site on the open prairie and made a home, which he occupied until his death. He was a great lover and careful observer of nature, and early took up the study of Conchology. By his own labor in collecting and exchanging, he got together a large collection of shells, and especially of the land and fresh-water species. Mr. Quintard was known by correspondence to most western collectors of fresh-water shells, especially the Unionide. GENERAL NOTES. Nore on Virrea RHOADS! Pils.—The distribution of this species would seem to be much more extended than was indicated when first described (Naur. XII,101). I have specimens from Traverse City and Charlevoix in this State, and Dr. R. J. Kirkland has recently discovered it in Ottawa county, which would indicate a general dis- tribution through the western part of Michigan. It has not as yet been noticed in any of the eastern counties, I have also specimens from County Carlton, Ontario; Amherst, Mass., and Orange county, Va., which extend the range much further to the north and east than indicated by Mr. Pilsbry.—Bryant WALKER. Nore on THe Hapits or Limnawa miGuersit W. G. Binn.— Extract from a letter of Dr, R. J. Kirkland: ‘I made a visit to Crystal Lake, Benzie county, Mich., in July and again in October. Along the shores are thousands of dead Limnea mighelsi W.G. Binn., THE NAUTILUS. 9 and though many hours were spent in July in searching for living ones, not one was found, until an improvised dredge brought them to view from a depth of about twelve feet. Hiring a couple of men to row, about two hundred were taken in half a day’s work. This fall, however, I was surprised to see them in shallow water (one to three feet), and I collected over a thousand by wading and picking them up one by one. They were not in groups at all, but scattered irreg- ularly in patches over the bottom. Some of them were half buried in the sand and the greater part resting with the head toward the shore, and where a track was visible, it was a line from deeper to shallower water. During the few days under observation, not a sin- gle individual was seen floating on the surface.”—Bryant WALKER. THe Growru or Lanp Snaits.—Two years ago, nearly, I had sent me two Helix albolabris which I put in my wardian case, and have had some thirty or more young from them in two annual crops; the first are about 21 mouths old. One of these perfected the white lip last vear. Whether from being so often handled and being in the room where people are moving has made a difference in their habits I cannot say, but this year a portion of their ‘“* growing’ has been done in full view, and they often do not go into their shells when I take them up. One snail put an addition to his house of a full half inch at once. I happened to see him as he was finishing; he had built from the umbilicus on one side, then from the farther side which we eall the top, and was connecting the two sides when I found him. The con- nections seemed like tiny crystals thrown from each side, as ice forms in a pail of water, then it was covered with a jelly-like sub- stance, and in a few days after he had added the first thin gelatine- like wall of lip, and now he has the finished hard white lip. I have often seen one which has the new addition as much like gelatine as possible, then so brittle that the merest touch will break, then like the old shell.—Jennige M. H. Morre yr, Gardener, Maine. LAND SHELLS FROM REJECTAMENTA OF THE R10 GRANDE AT Mesitta, New Mexico, AnD oF THE GaLLInas R, at Las Veeas, N. M.—Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell sent the following species from the localities named. A previous Mesilla list has been given in Navritus X, p. 42. 10 THE NAUTILUS. Shells from flood-debris of the Rio Grande, Mesilla. Vallonia eyclophorella Anc. Pyramidula striatella Anth. uy) Pupoides marginatus Say. Helicodiscus lineatus Say. & i: variety. Zonitoides minusculus Binn. Bifidaria procera Gld. “ singleyanus Pils. a hordeacella Pils. Limnea humilis Say, “ hebes mexicanorum Ckll.Planorbis parvus Say. Pupa blandi Morse. ss umbilicatellus Ckll. Vertigo ovata Say. Physa, undet. Young shell. oD ~ fo) Gallinas River at Las Vegas. Vallonia cyclophorella Ane. Vertigo ovata Say. Bifidaria armifera Say. Helicodiscus lineatus Say. - procera Gld. Zonitoides minusculus Binn. oe hordeacella Pils. The species of principal interest is Planorbis wmbilicatellus, not hitherto known from the Rocky Mountain region south of Montana to my knowledge. H. A. Pivssry. TO WEST COAST CONCHOLOGISTS. Kind Friends: Nearly thirteen years have passed since I published my little book entitled “ West Coast Shells.” It was issued with a double purpose; first, to increase the interest of young people in the study of conchology; and secondly, to assist collectors in the work of identifying their specimens. It is believed that both objects have to some extent been realized. During these years students of conchology have not been idle. Numerous new species have been brought to light, especially on the southern coast, while the scores of intelligent collectors all over the Pacific Slope have learned much concerning the haunts and habits of well-known species. Eastern and foreign investigators and pub- lishers have been busy also, and there has been more or less change of names and classification. Repeated requests have been coming to me for a revised edition of “ West Coast Shells.”” I have delayed undertaking the work of revision, partly from the pressure of other duties, and partly from a desire to secure the latest and most complete information concerning the shells themselves, and the most approved names by which they TIE NAUTILUS. 11 should be known. While I am strongly opposed to changing o!d names except for the best of reasons, it is necessary to know what the authorities are doing in these particulars. My object in sending out this circular is to invite all who are in- terested in this matter to assist in the work of revision. I shall be grateful to all who have found difficulties in using ‘ West Coast Shells” if they will write to me concerning their difficulties and make suggestions as to improvements. I wish also to be informed of any errors, either in names or de- scriptions, that have been discovered, and shall be thankful to receive suggestions that would be helpful in writing new descriptions. —In- formation concerning new species is especially desired; also any recently discovered facts concerning well-known species. I would be especially grateful to those who have specimens of new species if they would loan me such as I do not already possess, and give me information as to the names, localities, etc., of any species which are not already mentioned in ** West Coast Shells,” or of any unusual varieties that should be noticed. JOSIAH Keep. Mills College P. O., Alameda Co., Calif., March 21, 1900. NOTICES OF SOME NEW JAPANESE MOLLUSKS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. The following species were mostly sent by Mr. Y. Hirase. They will be illustrated in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science. Eulota horridan. sp. Shell broadly and perspectively umbilicated, depressed, tle spire very low conoid, nearly flat, periphery angulated, the angle situated high, base convex, inflated. Surface dull, yellow- ish-brown, shaggy with epidermal flattened processes and filaments, which are arrayed in six or eight concentric series, on the base, and at the periphery; the upper surface smoother. Whorls 54. Aper- ture oblique, subcircular, a little excised by the preceding whorl ; peristome thin, slightly expanded on the outer and basal margins, Alt. 6, diam. 14, umbilicus 4 mm. Allied to H. ciliosa Pfr. and probably to H. setocincta A, Ad., but the spire is l wer. Eulota (Trishoplita?) mesogonia n, sp. Shell umbilicate, with 12 THE NAUTILUS. moderately raised, conoidal spire, distinctly angular periphery and convex base. Uniform chestnut colored. Striatulate and densely though indistinctly granulate, the granules elongated in the direction or ta) of growth-lines. Whorls 54, slowly increasing, the last angular at the periphery, slightly descending in front. Aperture oblique, 74, diam. a rounded-lunate, the peristome slightly expanded. Alt. 104mm. Prov. Tonga (Gaines). Ganesella Jacobti n. sp. Shell rather narrowly umbilicate, semi- elobose, thin, pale yellowish corneous ; surface striatulate, decussated with incised spiral lines; spire convexly conoidal ; whorls 54, slowly increasing, the last one very indistinctly angular at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on the latter half, convex beneath, exca- vated around the narrow umbilicus. Aperture oblique, lunate, the peristome narrowly expanded, white, base-columellar margin reflexed. Alt. 134, diam. 183 mm.; umbilicus slightly over 1 mm. wide. Cyclotus (2) micron, n.sp. Shell very minute, somewhat discoidal, with low conoid spire and widely open umbilicus; composed of 34 tubular whorls, separated by deep sutures, the last one barely in con- tact with the preceding at the aperture ; pale corneous, subtranslu- cent, with delicate growth-striea. Aperture circular, vertical, the peristome simple and thin, continuous. Operculum lodged at the edge, presenting a densely concentrically lamellose external face, the center deeply sunken. Alt, 3) diam. 1.6 mm. Pomatiops’s Hiraset, n. sp. Shell perforate, turreted, in shape re- sembling Pomatiopsis californiens Pils.; general color pale yellowish green, produced by buff streaks and lines on a light green ground ; surface nearly smooth. Whoris remaining 5 (the earlier being eroded or decollate), quite convex, separated by deep sutures. The last third of the last gyration of the suture does not descend as much as the preceding turns, giving the effect of a slightly ascending whorl toward the mouth. Aperture ovate, subangular above, the outline a little flattened on the parietal margin ; peristome simple, continuous, black-edged ; the columelJar margin arcuate, a little thickened and perceptibly dilated. Alt. 9, diam. 4.8, longest axis of “aperture 3.6 mm. QOpereulum ovate, brown, the cicatrix oblong, large, occupy- ing the inner half of the inside face, its edge raised. I at first thought to place this species in the Realiide; but on ex- amining the radula, I found it could belong neither to that family nor to the Assiminiide, the dentition being far nearer that of Poma- tiopsis. The formula of denticles is sy 5, 6, 6. The median den- ticle in the central and admedian teeth is larger than its fellows. This radula differs from that of the American Pomatiopses in having two, instead of one, basal denticles on each side of the central tooth. See Nautitus XII, 127; X, 37, for information on the American species, Tae IN AMT ILUS. Von. XIV. JUNE, 1900. No. bo ZSTIVATION OF EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKII IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON. When the frost is on the ground and autumn leaves lie scattered over orchards and forests, it is no surprise to find that land snails (Helices) have begun their period of hibernation, and lie sheltered under the layers of dead leaves or hidden in decaying trunks of trees. The annual sleep of the snail in winter corresponds well with the enforced rest of the vegetable world; but in a tropical or semi- tropical climate the atmospheric conditions are different, and in place of a winter rest, snails take their annual sleep in summer. The hibernation of snails in colder countries is reversed, and in its stead zstivation of snails is the result. In the eastern states helices take their annual siesta in winter, but in southern California snails differ from their congeners, presenting an illustration of the power of en- vironment in modifying instincts. Instead of going into winter quarters in October and remaining from four to six months without food and motionless, the greatest activity of the southern California Helix is during the winter months. The reason for this is that the food supply is plentiful in the winter when the warm rains prevail ; and during the summer months the arid condition of the foot-hills, the habitat of these quiet creatures, made the estivation of snails a necessity, a question of economy, an adjustment of demand and supply. In process of time the necessity for estivation rather than hibernation became a habit. When snails require rest in southern California they attach them- selves to the under surface of dead cacti, pieces of wood, stones, or 14 THE NAUTILUS. burrow in the soil; in every case the aperture of the shell is upward, with the apex below. With its mucus the Helix securely glues this aperture to the under surface of any substance to which it attaches itself. These land snails, being non-operculated pulmonates, their apertures are covered by an epiphragm. (In experimenting on a number of Helix tudiculata and Helix traski, my experience has been that if the epiphragm has been badly punctured, or broken, the snail will die unless circulation is started by applying moisture.) This covering is composed of several layers of hardened mucus which resembles the tough white skin that lines a hen’s egg. In experimenting with helices in a snailery, a wooden box covered with a wire screen and partly filled with soil, I have found that while one species of snail (Hpiphragmophora traskii Newe.) would fasten themselves to the strip of wood that braced the lid of the snailery, the other species (Glyptostoma newberryanum W. G. B.) would burrow in the soil, their black shells almost hidden from sight. In order to test them I have repeatedly interrupted their estivation by placing their shells in luke-warm water until the helices could crawl about, but they would eventually be found in separate places, EE. traski suspended above and G. newberryanum below in the soil. During estivation the snail’s functions are in a state of coma, respiration is nearly suspended, and having retired as far as possible within the shell the mollusk is the embodiment of rest. Its waking is not a voluntary action. Without humidity the snail will zstivate for months and continue in a state of torpor for years if the at- mosphere is dry around it. Conchologists frequently quote the example given by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, of the U. S. National Museum, of a Lower Californian Helix that rested, or rather re- mained in a state of torpor for six years! Other cases of prolonged relaxation of the vital functions of snails are recorded. Some years ago, in March, 1890, I collected a few land snails (E. traski Newc.) from some of the low foot-hills in Los Angeles, and on reaching home, finding them glued to the glass jar, they were left on a stand. In the morning two snails had crawled out of the jar and up the wall and were snugly ensconced in one corner of the ceiling, another one had traveled far in the night and had _pre- empted his claim in one corner of the hall ceiling. In order to study developments they were allowed to remain ¢n s/tu. One soon fell down upon the carpet but the other two remained intact. The THE NAUTILUS. 15 household orders were that the helices were to be left undisturbed by brush or broom. The summer came and went, autumn followed, winter came on and still our hermaphrodites ‘held the fort.” No sound of mirth nor music aroused them. But the rains came on, heavy drenching showers that rushed down the mountains, washed the fvot-hills, overflowed the ozanjas, and all nature was in a dripping condition. During one of these storms in January, 1891, the rain came down with such force that it made in- vidious incursions into the hall during the night, and the snail was found on the floor. In an hour it was as willing as ever to struggle for existence. It ate heartily of ceiery with its little rasping tongue (radula) beset with multitudes of tiny siliceous teeth. It was not until February 25 that the other Helix had been sufficiently overcome by the forces of nature to loosen its epiphragm enough to descend to the floor. It was placed in a shallow saucer of wager, and it assumed its functions as though they had not been arrested. While these house snails were glued to the ceilings, their relatives in the snailery in the garden had been aroused to activity by the first rain as it pattered through the screen cover; and on January 2, 1891, I found a number of tiny pellucid-looking balls carefully hidden in the moist earth in the snailery. These were the eggs of the snails. In less than three weeks there were young snails. Time had been lost by the house snails, their estivation extending beyond the requirements of nature had gained them nothing. It was my intention to study all these forms, and while giving a b rest to the ‘‘ house snails,’ compare their longevity with the garden helices. But, alas, for the rapacity of the animal kingdom, sowbugs, ants and insects from the rose bushes made war upon the whole snail colony, adults, babies and eggs, and by summer time the houses were empty, the tenants were gone ! A NEW SPECIES OF LIMA. BY W. H. DALL. Recent excavations involved in the construction of a tunnel through a hill at Los Angeles, California, on the line of Third street, have developed the presence of fossils, probably Pliocene, in the blue clay through which the tunnel is being cut. 16 THE: NAUTILUS. Several specimens, more or less crushed, of a iarge Lima are among the forms collected. This species belongs to the general type of Lima excavata Fabr., ZL. goliath Sby, etc., and reaches to a length of four and a half inches. The valves are brilliantly polished, and in the middle part unsculptured, the anterior and_ posterior thirds are finely radially grooved with shallow grooves of which the outer slopes are less steep than the inner; the incremental lines, obsolete elsewhere, appear in the channel of the grooves and cross striate it here and there, giving the effect of obsolete punctation. I may add that close to the impressed area of the shell there are two or three coarser, deeper radial grooves. The species differs from the South Pacific and all other forms of its group known to me in its much finer and more delicate sculpture and brilliant polish. I await more perfect specimens before trying to figure it, but would propose the name of Lima Hamlini for the species in honor of Mr. Homer Hamlin C. E., Asst. City Engineer of Los Angeles, who is mug¢h interested in the geology and paleontology of the region, and has made valuable studies of the southern California Tertiary. The specimen in hand was kindly forwarded for examination by Dr. R. K. C. Stearns. A REVISION OF THE PHYSEZ OF NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS. BY FRANK C. BAKER, While working up the fresh-water mollusks of the Chicago area for a report on the Mollusca, the genus Physa came up for considera- tion, and the chaotic condition of the group, judging by the conflict- ing opinions of conchologists, seemed to warrant a somewhat critical revision of the species found in northeastern Illinois, and incidentally of northern Illinois. The best-known species, heterostropha, is little understood, and seems to be more frequently confounded with gyrina than with any other form, excepting, perhaps, ¢ntegra. A large collection of Physide, from different parts of the United States as well as from northern Illinois, has been examined, and the writer believes that all of the species found within the area have been elucidated. It is very probable that there are but ten or fifteen valid species of Physa in the United States, six or seven of which are to be found in the northern part of this region east of the Rocky Mountains. THE NAUTILUS. 17 During a visit to the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences some time ago, Mr. Pilsbry called the writer’s attention to the fact that heterostropha had a smooth shell, while gyrina and some others had a shell with impressed spiral lines. Following up this suggestion a large number of Physe have been examined, with the result that in- stead of there being two species in northern Illinois, there are at least four species and one variety. The following notes have been made from fully adult specimens, and the figures are outline drawings of photographs, and are there- fore accurate. Key to Northern Illinois Physe. A. Shell smooth, broad, spire short. heterostropha. B. Shell with impressed spiral lines. a. Shell rather broad, ovate, spire short, acute ; aperture wide and spreading ; whorl 44—5 ; shell thinner than b and c; peristome callus bordered by red. saytt. b. Shell elongated or cylindrical, narrow, spire generally long ; apertur every narrow; whorl 5-6; peristome callus bordered by red. gyrina. ec. Shell broad, inclining to be shouldered ; spire sharply conic ; aperture roundly oval; whorls 415; peristome callus white without red border. integra. Physa heterostropha Say. Fig. 1. Limne heterostropha Say, Nich. Encycl., Amer. ed., pl. 1, fig. 6, 1817. Physa fontana HaLtpemMan, Mon. pt. 2, p. 3 of cover; Physa, p. 26, 1841. Shell polished, subovate ; whorls 4—44; spire moderately elevated, acute, the whorls slightly convex; color varying from light horn to ~~) greenish ; sculpture consisting only of fine growth lines; sutures impressed, margined by a white line which is frequently bordered by Ten a dark chestnut line; protoconch consisting of one whorl, which is smooth, and varies from porcelain-white to rather dark horn color ; aperture rather large, oval, occupying from two-thirds to three-quarters of the length of the entire shell; peristome thin, acute, thickened on the inside by a whitish or bluish callus, which is bordered on the inside with red; columella almost straight, with a whitish callus which is sometimes lined with red. 18 THE NAUTILUS. Length 14.00; width 8.50; aperture length 10.00; width 4.00 mill. (Rochester, N. Y.) Length 13.00; width 8.50; aperture length 10.00; width 4.50 mill. (Rochester, N. Y.) Length 13.50; width 9.00; aperture length 10.50; width 4.50 mill. (La Porte, Ind.) Leneth 9.00; width 6.00; aperture length 6.50; width 3.00 mill. (Chicago.) Animal simiiar to that of gyriva. Jaw and radula in all respects like those of gyrina. Distribution: eastern and southern states from Maine to Georgia and west to Michigan and Illinois; Southern Canada. Geological distribution: Pleistocene; Loess. Habitat : in ponds and streams, adhering to sticks and stones, and crawling over the muddy bottom. Only a single lot of shells has been found which could be referred to this species and that was collected in the drift along the shore of Lake Michigan at Miller’s, Indiana. The nearest typical /eteros- tropha have been found living in Pine Lake, La Porte Co., {ndiana. It is very probable that this species is not found in any abundance west of Indiana, its place being taken by gyrina, sayit and integra. Under distribution above, only those states are given from which the writer has seen authentic specimens, Physa Sayit Tappan. Fig. 2. Physa sayvi Tarean, Amer. Journ. Sci. (1), vol. xxxv, p. 369, pl. iii, fig. 3, 1839. Physa warreniana Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., p. 115, 1864. Shell polished, ovate, whorl 5-54; spire elevated, very acute, the whorls moderately convex ; color light horn to light chestnut; sculpture consisting of rather coarse growth lines, crossed by numerous fine, impressed spiral lines, giving the surface of the shell rather a wavy appear- ance, as figured for gyrina; sutures slightly fia”, impressed, bordered as in heterostropha ; protoconch consisting of one and a_ half smooth, glossy whorls of a dark chestnut color; aperture very large, long oval, three-fourths to four-fifths the length of the whole shell ; peristome thir, generally not much thickened within, whitish some- times bordered with reddish ; columella slightly twisted and cov- THE NAUTILUS. 19 ered with a spreading callus; the lower part of the aperture is somewhat produced. Length 22.00; width 13.50; aperture length 16.00; width 7.50 mill. (Chicago. ) Length 19.00; width 12.00; aperture length 14.00; width 6.00 mill. (Chicago. ) Length 16.00; width 11.00; aperture length 12.00; width 6.00 mill. (Chicago.) Animal similar in external appearance to all Physide. Jaw and radula as in gyrina. Distribution: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illi- nois, Missouri. Geological distribution: Pleistocene ; Loess. Habi- tat: In stations similar to heterostropha and gyrina. Remarks: This species was at first identical as anczllaria Say, but that species, while having the same surface sculpture as sayiz, is more inflated, the outer lip more spreading and the body whorl more gibbous, the spire being always much shorter and the whorls more convex. The surface sculpture is very beautiful and precisely as de- scribed for gyrina. This species is not common, and has been found at Joliet, Maywood, Lake Calumet and Lake Michigan near the foot of Oak Street. Sayiz is apparently closely related to ampullacea Gould, a Pacific coast species. Physa gyrina Say. Fig. 3. Physa gyrina Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. 2, p. 171, 1821. Physa striate Menke, Syn. Math., ed. 2, p. 32, 1830. Physa hildrethiana Lea, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 2, p. 32, 1841. Physa cylindrica Newcoms, in DeKay, N. Y. Moll., p. 77, pl. V, fig. 82, 1843. Physa plicata DeKay, |. ¢., p. 78, pl. V, fig. 85, 1843. Physa saffordii Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., p. 115, 1864. Physa hawnii Lea, |. ¢., p. 115, 1864. Physa parva Lea, |. ¢., p- 115, 1864. Shell elongated, generally polished, whorls 5—6; spire always very long (as compared with the last two species), acute, the whorls in some cases almost flat, and at best but slightly convex, color varying between light-greenish horn and brick-red ; sculpture consisting of well-marked growth lines, crossed by numerous fine impressed spiral lines, giving the shell a wrinkled appearance (see figure of sculp- ture); these lines appear at first to be raised, but when viewed through the microscope are seen to be impressed between two wrin- kled ridges, as seen in the cut; sutures scarcely impressed, but 20 THE NAUTILUS: bordered by a porcelain-white line which is rarely edged with chest- nut; aperture rather long, long-oval in form, much narrowed at the upper part, more than a half and less than two-thirds the length of WYN V9910910) 0) 20999922 SSSOCS vip 71)) 2) TD WH) DDD the entire shell; peristome thin, thickened within by a callus which is either bordered by a dark chestnut band or else is itself of that HIG. 3s color ; columella thickened with a decided white callus or plait; the lower part of the aperture is produced ; the periods of winter hiber- nation are frequently marked by a whitish band in the body of the shell; protoconch consisting of a trifle more than one smooth, rounded, dark chestnut-colored whorl. Length 17.00; width 9.00; aperture length 11.00; width 4.50 mill. (Chicago.) Length 26.00; width 12.00; aperture length 14.00; width 5.50 mill. (Chicago. ) Length 24.00; width 11.50; aperture length 13.00; width 5.50 mill. (Chicago.) Length 19.00; width 10.00; aperture length 12.00; width 5.00 mill. (Chicago.) Length 22.00 ; width 10.00; aperture length 12.50; width 5.00 mill. (Chicago.) Animal with a long and rather narrow foot, acutely pointed be- hind and rounded before, where it is produced into lateral lobes ; the foot does not extend much beyond the edge of the shell; color blackish or yellowish gray, dotted or flecked with whitish or yellow- ish, the dots being distinctly seen through the transparent shell; the front of the head is ornamented by two yellowish spots of good size, composed of numerous minute dots; the mantle is brown, spotted with yellowish, is reflected over a portion of the shell on the right side, and produced into four filiform digitations ; tentacles very long and slender, tapering to a point; head distinct, separated from THE NAUTILUS. Pai ( the foot by a short neck; mouth large, in the lower plane of the head, showing plainly the jaw and radula while the animal is grazing alongthe side of an aquarium; eyes placed on swellings at the inner base of the tentacles; respiratory cavity on left side of the shell at the lower point where the peristome meets the body whorl. Length of foot 15.00; width 4 mill. extended (Fig. 4). Jaw in one piece, arched, striated, provided with a central fibrous projection from the superior surface ; ends rounded (Fig. 5, J). Fie. 4. Radula: Formula = Se 30 oe = (1901-190) ; central | 2-te2 1 tooth more or less quadrate, the lower outer corners being very much attenuated ; cusp 9—-dentate, 5 denticles being long and narrow, and two on each side smaller and more blunt ; laterals in two alternate ser- ies, the primary teeth large, obliquely inclined, comb-like ; the cusps are very peculiar, and vary to a large degree ; some teeth have five long, pointed cusps with six small ones, one between each large one and one at each end (Fig. 5); others have but two small denticles, while still others have one or more between (Figs. 5, 2, 3, 4). The secondary teeth are long and narrow, with a wide, blunt cusp. These latter, as also the central tooth and small teeth between the cusps of the primary teeth, are very difficult to observe (Fig. 5). Distribution : Probably inhabits the whole of the northern and central parts of the United States and Southern Canada. Geologi- cal distribution: Pleistocene; Loess. Habitat: Found very abund- 22 Prue NAUSILUS. antly in ponds and streams of greater or lesser size, adhering to sticks or stones, and crawling over the muddy bottom. Inhabits either running water or stagnant pools. Remarks: This is a very common and handsome species. Its habits are active, moving with a rapid, steady, gliding motion. It is very interesting to watch a number of Physe in an aquarium; as they are crawling along the hottom, one will be seen to rise suddenly to the top of the water and move along with the foot applied to the surface, the sbeil hanging down. Again, they may be seen descend- ing, suspended by a thin thread of mucus. When the animal rises suddenly, the branchial cavity opens with a faint clicking sound, probably due to the pressure of air in the lung. This species fre- quently inhabits water as cold as the freezing point, and may be ob- served in winter gliding along the bottom of a pond when the surface is frozen. The eggs are deposited on stones, the under side of sticks, etc., and are composed of large, glairy, transparent masses. Several Phys kept in captivity laid four egg masses on April 23, 1897. The egg masses measured 20 by 4 mill., and contained from 120 to 200 eggs. On April 24, ten additional egg masses were laid. The jar contained 15 individuals. On June 3, in the afternoon, the writer noticed a number of young in a jar containing egg masses. deposited probably in the latter part of April. The young were half a mill. in length, vitreous in appearance and perfectly transparent. They were very lively, crawling about the jar and feeding voraciously olass upon the scum found on the sides of the glass. The heart pulsated 120 times per minute. On June 15th the young had increased to one mill. in length. About a week later, unfortunately, the whole lot died, so that no further notes could be taken. Physa gyrina is by far the most common species of the genus (I might say of any genus) found in the area, and has been found in all parts of northern Illinois. It was at first confused with heterostropha, but that species has a smooth shell (see above) and is not found in any numbers in the area; it is very probable that heterostropha is not found west of the Mississippi River, and the quotations of this species from western localities were probably founded on gyrina,. sayti, gabbi, integra, ete. This species is very variable in this region, some forms approaching ampullacea Gould, while others might be taken for gabbi Tryon, or virginea Gould, so far as form goes. It is probable that some west coast names will be added to- the above synonymy, when more study is given to this genus. fHE NAUTILUS. 23 Physa gyrina elliptica Lea. Fig. 6. Physa elliptica Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. V, p. 114, pl. xix, fig. 83, 1837. Physa aurea LEA, 1.c., vol. VI, p. 18, pl. xxiii, fig. 106, 1839. Physa troostiana LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. II, p. 32, 1841. Physa nicklinti Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., p- 114, 1864. Physa altonensis Lea, l.c., p. 114. 1864. Physa febigertt Lea, l.c., p. 114, 1864. Physa oleacea Tryon, Amer. Journ. Coneh., vol. II, p. 6, pl. ii, fig. 6, 1866. Shell differing from typical gyrina in being more elliptical, having a shorter, more rounded spire, and hence more convex whorls, the spire, as described by Tryon, ** with the outline not elevated above a continuation of the general curve of the body.’ The shell is also more ae solid and the outer lip thicker with a very heavy, oie bluish-white cailus. The surface sculpture is the same as in gyrina. Leneth 15.00; width 7.50; aperture length 9.50; width 3.50 mill. Length 11.00; width 6.00; aperture length 7.00 ; width 2.50 mill. Length 12.00; width 7.50; aperture length 9.00 ; width 3.75 mill. Animal, jaw, and radula, as in gyrina. Distribution: evidently the same as gyrina. Geological distribution: Pleistocene ; Loess. Habitat : Almost always associated with gyrina. Remarks: The typical form of this variety seems at first quite distinct from gyrina, but in a multitude of forms (the writer has ex- amined several thousand specimens) is seen to fade imperceptibly into the typical form. From observations in the present area, gyrina would seem to be dimorphic, consisting of the typical gyrina with long spire, and the variety e//iptica with short, dome-shaped spire. This belief is strengthened by the fact that the two forms are always associated together. It is not quite as common as the typical form. Physa integra Haldeman. Fig. 7. Physa integra. HALDEMAN, Mon. p. 33, pl. 1V, fig. 7, 8, 1841. Physa niagarensis LEA, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., p. 114, 1864, Shell oval, whorls 43-5; spire short, pointed, the whole convex ; sutures well marked, sometimes banded by a faint white line; color varying from light yellowish horn to pale brown ; sculpture as in gyrina, the lines being very deep and the wrinkled edges very convex ; protoconch consisting of one and a half smooth, rounded, wine-colored whorls ; aperture oval, rather wide, produced at the 24 THE NAUTILUS. anterior end, about two-thirds the length of the entire shell; peris- tome thin, thickened within the aperture by a heavy white or yellowish callus, which shows through the shell very plainly; it iS never bordered by any color stripe; the callus of two or three former peristomes may always be seen on the body whorl and some- times one or two on the spire; columella broad, flat, white, a callus spreading over the parietal wall. Length 12.00 ; width 8.00; aperture length 7.50 ; width 3.00 mill. Length 10.50; width 7.50 ; aperture length 7.50; width 3.50 mill. Length 10.00; width 6.00; aperture length 5.50; width 3.00 mill. Animal not differing essentially from gyrina. Jaw similar to that of gyrina. Radula similar in form to that of gyrina, but differing in having six large, nearly equal cusps, instead of five, in the absence, generally, of small cusps between the larger ones, and in the reflec- tion being wider than in gyrina or heterostropha. The radula of this species is remarkably uniform in the form of the teeth and in the number of the cusps. The central tooth and secondary teeth Fig. 7; appeared to be the same as in the species previously described. Distribution: Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, New York, Indiana, Illinois, Tennessee, Michigan, Wisconsin. Found in great abundance in Allen’s Creek, near Rochester, New York. Geologi- cal distribution: Pleistocene ; Loess. Habitat: At stations similar to gyrind. Remarks: This species has been generally confounded with heter- ostropha, but will at once be separated from that species by the spiral lines ; the general form also is different from any other shell found in this area, and the white callus on the lip is peculiar. It is a com- mon shell at Hickory Creek, Lockport and Joliet, and has been found, though more sparingly, at Calumet Grove, Maywood and at Edgewater. It is more common than say77, but less so than gyrina. The specimens from Hickory Creek are quite typical, resembling closely Haldeman’s figures (pl. 4, figs. 7,8) in his monograph of fresh water mollusca. n? hee IN ATI LUS. Von. XIV. JULY, 1900. No. 3. IN SEARCH OF POLYGYRA PILSBRYiI. BY JAS. H. FERRISS. In the month of February, both in 1899 and 1900, I made trips to Arkansas for health and shells, and on both occasions stopped at Hardy, Sharp county, Ark., on Spring River, which heads at the famous Mammoth Springs, in Missouri. This part of America at some time was plainly lifted by an enormous upheaval, and the lime- stone came down without regard to good order. The highest points are probably 1000 feet above the sea. Spring river is a beautiful stream. The water so pure and deep is of a Nile green in color, but in every half mile or so at this point there is a natural dam, covered with fine unios and ‘ periwinkles.” When Messrs. Sterki and Simpson have helped me over the hard places, a list of these will be given, I found this year one new Unio anyhow. Half of one day this year was given to Little Rock, where good collecting is to be found in a rocky bluff near the Iron Mountain bridge. Upon both trips I jumped to DeKalb, Bowie county, Texas. Last year I went with a party of turkey hunters as far as Little River, in the Choctaw Nation, all in the low lands, then by rail to Tuliskahoma and Poteau, on the Frisco road—another blown-up limestone coun- try. In this part of the Indian nation the road passes between two mountain ranges. It is the prettiest of landscapes, and I am sure in the month of May the snails swarm out of the damp corners and fern- clothed rocks in great numbers to view the scenery. Judging by the government maps of near-by territory, these mountains are about . 26 THE NAUTILUS. 1,000 or 1,500 feet above the sea. From Poteau, Sugarloaf, a dozen miles away, could be seen, and this knob runs up to 2,000 feet; but a cold wave drove me home before I could make this mountain a Visit. In three days, at Poteau and Tushkahoma I found Polygyra Bin- neyana Pils,, Poly. divesta indianorum Pils., Poly. dorfeuilliana per- costata Pils. and Gastrodonta demissa lamellata Pils. These places are about 80 and 40 miles east of Limestone Gap, where Simpson found Poly. kiowaensis ; 50 miles west of Mena, and Mena is 70 west of Hot Springs, where Poly. kiowaensis arkansaensis Pils. was found. I never saw either, and I hunted hard. But in the winter many shells surely could not be found. It was next to impossible to find a mature Omphalina friabilis or a Pyramt- dula solitaria alive, but their dead shells were common. Perhaps many of these species, as in the Tennessee mountains, are clannish sticklers for locality. The P. dorfeuilliana, monodon and G'. demissa colonize under logs, a pine log sometimes if charred, but the oaks with a rough bark suit them better. The Mesodons were found by digging. In fact nearly all of my new shells were found by quarrying. ‘The first was Poly. eragini, described by Call. This I found on my old farm at Thayer, Kansas, while quarrying sandstone in search of fossil plants. Since then I have been a great digger, looking on the well-drained and ventilated rock, dampened only by the soil, as the best locality to find a new species. High up on the mountains is good ground, I have always supposed because it is a poor place for lazy collectors. This year a Texas friend, who had a team, wagon and canvas cover, went with me from DeKalb, Texas, to Naples, Texas, on one trip, and then to Mena, Arkansas. I walked, and rolled over the rocks and logs, and he good-naturedly drove the team, and at good places stopped the procession and helped gather the shells. In this journey of over 200 miles I do not think I rode over 15, and I do not think he walked that far, except in our side journeys on foot. At night we made a shed of our wagon sheet, and with a roaring pitch- pine fire in front and plenty of blankets, got along nicely through snow and rain, or when the thermometer dropped to zero a few times. The rivers were high after having been very low, but we could tell by the remains that it was a very rich region in Unionide for the seasonable comer. From Naples to the mountains, P. dorfewilli- THE NAUTILUS. 27 ana, monodon alicia, cragint and thyrotdes were the rule, except on a chalky uplift called Rocky Comfort in Arkansas. Here we found Flelicina orbiculata tropica, Bulimulus dealbatus and Omphalina friabilis in the uplands, and Poly. terasiana (banded) and Poly. monodon friersonit in low land. Striking the hill country near Horatio, under the first stone out- crop we found P. albolabris Alleni and the first Poly, Binneyana I had seen alive. Wherever we found a shaded hill-top after that, with an outcrop of rock, we found these shells; and from the number of ** bones ”’ scattered about, they must be plentiful on warm spring days. Sometime I hope to get enough for all of my friends. We occasionally found P. Binneyana traveling, for there were times a week together when we walked in our shirt sleeves and the frogs and birds were singing. P. albolabris was found more frequently under logs, but I found only one dbinneyana- in that situation. Two P. albolabris alleni here usually hibernate together, just under the soil, face upwards. At Hardy I found as many as eight under one log, but the Hardy shell seems to me another variety, or a subdivision of a variety. It is the same as I have found in Kansas, smaller than the Mena alleni, more solid and compact, and more perfectly opaque. From Horatio to Mena it is a clay hill country, and the shells were much the same. At Mena we seemed to strike a truly snail territory. Here the Rich Mountain range is 2,750 feet above sea level, the Fourche and Black Fork ranges were about as high, the Chastats about 2,000 feet, and it was but a little distance to the Magazine Mountain and the Petit Jean range, as high as the Rich Mountains. I found deep, mossy, ferny coves that in the Tennessee mountains would be jeweled with snails. Gastrodonta demissa brittsi here was large as acerra, and the species were more numerous. It looked altogether more promising. Some day, with an industrious collector, I should like to start from Hardy and never stop until we had gone into the panhandle of Texas. Limestone bluffs and coves are on every hand. There could be new shells every day. With the ex- ception of Simpson’s visit to Kiowa, in the Indian nation, and my own trips, the rocks were probably never scratched. The following is my catch, named with much assistance from Mr. Pilsbry, numbered after the Pilsbry check list : 9a. Helicina orbiculata tropica Say. DeéKalb, Lanesport, Rocky Comfort, Gilham, Mena. 28 THE NAUTILUS. 48. Vallonia pulchella (Miill.). Lanesport, one specimen in 1899. 68. Polygyra leporina (Gld.). From Mt. Pleasant to Horatio, the animal black as Z. nitidus (Miill.), in damp situations, under logs and stones, or feeding about near by; active in winter. 70. Poly. Dorfeuilliana Lea. Naples to Mena, sometimes over one hundred in little pockets under logs and stones in well-drained soil. Every lot seemed a little different in color or size, and upon this last trip I collected 1,281, It is abundant in my travels from Arkansas City, Kansas, to Hardy, North Arkansas, to Waco, Texas, and all in between. 70a. Poly. Dorf. Sampsoni Weth. Tushkahoma, Ind. Ter., 1899. Fairly plentiful in the rocks. 70b. Poly. Dorf. percostata Pils. Poteau, Ind. Ter., 1899. Fairly plentiful on dry mountain side under slabs of sandstone and small logs. 72. Poly. Jacksoni Bld. At Poteau in ’99. One large specimen found at Mena this year “of the variety with wholly closed axial perforation not uncommon at Fort Gibson.” 79. Poly. Texasiana (Moric.) Opposite Lanesport in Texas, at Rocky Comfort and Chapel Hill, Ark., next to the water under drift. At Rocky Comfort, banded. 95c. Poly. Cragini (Call). Naples, to Mena, under logs in low land, usually. ‘The animal is black and the shell more robust and about one mm. larger than the Kansas type, which is 84 and 9. The types are a bright, cherry red, these of Ark. nearer the flat corneous brown color of the usual P. thyroides. 97. Poly. inflecta (Say). Rocky Comfort to Mena. 109a. Poly. albolabris Alleni (Wetherby). Horatio to Rich Mountain Station, and at Tushkahoma, I. T. This variety has a thin shell and the color same as divesta, glossy. Measures from 28 mm. to 32, and in some cases the umbilicus is partly open. 110. Poly. exoleta (Binn.) Mena. 112. Poly. divesta (Gld.) A few dead specimens in ’99 at Tushkahoma. 112a. Poly. divesta indianorum ( Pils.) a few dead specimens and young (now alive in my snailery), at Tushkahoma and Poteau in 1899. 112-1. Poly. Binneyana (Pils.) a few dead shells and young at Tushkahoma and Poteau in 1899, and one dead at Hardy in drift. THE NAUTILUS. 29 I found it this year from Horatio to Rich Mountain most plentiful in the rocks scattered over the creek bottoms near the city of Mena, in company with Gastro. demissa Brittsii and Poly. hirsuta uncifera. The measurements were from 23 diam. 11 alt., to 28 mm. diam., 13 alt.; all 54 whorls. In the Chastat Mountains four miles south I found a smaller variety and got a few alive by digging down a couple of feet. These ran from 16 diam., 8 alt., to 20 diam., 9 alt., with not quite 5 whorls. 124. Poly. thyroides (Say). DeKalb to Mena, occasionally, under logs in damp situations. Pilsbry will have much to say on this species, I-think, as they run from the clausa size to the largest thy- roides, and were so without regard to locality. The large size were usually found in situations suitable for multtlineata, while the smaller were about the rocks and under logs upon higher ground. 134-1. Polygyra Pilsbryi, n. sp. Shell imperforate, lens shaped, about equally convex above and below, corneous-brown, the surface rather glossy, sculptured above with strong, slightly curved, uneven riblets, running with the growth lines; the riblets on the base very uneven or interrupted as though composed of compressed radial lam- ine, arranged in several! concentric circles. Whorls fully 5, slowly increasing, the last carinated at the periphery, abruptly and shortly deflexed in front. Aperture basal, hook-shaped or like the letter “J”? reversed; contracted by a long, arcuate parietal lamella, which extends to the axis and is decidedly curved in, or entering, at its outer end, and is connected with the end of the outer lip by a slight callous ridge. Basal lip reflexed and prostrate, with a rather shal- low median notch, much more conspicuous in a front than in a basal view. Alt. 5, diam. 10 mm. Rich Mountain Station (Mt. Mena), Polk Co., Arkansas, on mountain, by roadside leading from R, R. station to the hotel, two specimens (one dead). Allied to P. labrosa, from which it differs in the remarkable scup- ture and the form of the basal lip and notch. This shell was picked up by my partner, Mr. Jolly. At the suggestion of Bryant Walker it is named in honor of Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry, the very one who of late years has given con- chologists the most delight, by his enormous zeal and industry, and his untiring exactness. I was instructed by Mr. Walker to find something for the occasion as large as indianorum or Ferrissi, but this shell has unusual features to make up for the disappointment in 30 THE NAUTILUS. size. It is the best novelty in American shells found, I believe, for some time. 138. Poly, stenotrema (Fer.). Found a few on the slope of the Chastat Mountains south of Mena. 139c. Poly. hirsuta uneifera (Pils.) n. var. In both the Chastat and Rich Mts. at Mena. From its silvery, clean appearance and un- usually prominent basal lip, I believed this to be a new variety, and gathered all I could find. When one is out in the woods, by the way, be cannot always tell what is what. 14a. Poly. monodon fraterna (Say). Rocky Comfort on the bank of a creek in company with friersoni and aliciae. 141b. Poly. monodon aliciae (Pils.). Mt. Pleasant and Naples, Texas, to Horatio and Ultima Thule, Ark. 141d. Poly. monodon friersoni (Pils.). DeKalb, Texas; Rocky Comfort and Cove, Ark. 141le. Poly. monodon imperforata (Pils.),n. var. Rocky Comfort, Mena and Cove. Mr. Pilsbry has thrown a bomb into the monodon- Leai camp, and I merely list these, leaving the description for the article he promises the readers of the Nauriuus. 153. Bulimulus dealbatus (Say). DeKalb, Rocky Comfort, Gil- ham, Mena. 180. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say). Cove, one specimen. 184. Pupoides marginatus (Say) [Leucocheila fallax of authors}. At Cove under rails in an abandoned field, and at Cerro Gordo un- der logs; plentiful in company with small red Poly. thyroides and Bifidaria contracta. 186. Lifidaria armifera (Say). DeKalb, Lanesport and Mena. 187. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Cove. 247. Omphalina friabilis (W. G. B.). DeKalb to Mena, most plentiful at Rocky Comfort. 263. Vitrea petrophila (Bld.). Mena. This is the first time this species has been found west of the Mississippi. Three others were also found in this catch that may turn out to be a variety of JV. wheatleyi (Bld.). 270. Vitrea indentata (Say). From Morris’ Ferry to Mena. 285. Vitrea Simpsoni (Pils.). Morris’ Ferry to Mena, both under logs and in the rocks, active. 278-1b. Conulus chersinus trochulus Reinh. Cerro Gordo, Hat- ton’s Gap and Chastat Mts., rocks and under logs, rare. TitE NAUTILUS. 31 283. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Mt. Pleasant, Texas, to Mena, Ark. 291. Zon. laeviusculus (Sterki). One in the Red River bottoms in 1899. ; 297. Gastrodonta demissa (Binn.). Morris Ferry to Mena. 297a. G. demissa Brittsi (Pils.). Ultima Thule and Mena. At the latter place in stone piles in the creek bottoms I found a large form. The largest measured 10 mm., and I supposed at the time I had run upon acerra. 297b. G. dem. lamellata (Pils). From Morris Ferry to Mena. This was generally found under the logs and very often in company with demissa. The largest of both measured about the same, 8 and 9 mm. diameter. 338. Pyramidula alternata (Say). From Rocky Comfort to Mena. All rather strongly ribbed and dark in color. 367. Succineaavara Say. At Mt. Pleasant, Texas,and Cove, Ark. As space is valuable in this journal, and my search at these points was far from thorough, I will merely give a list of species found at Hardy and Little Rock, Ark., and Dennison, Texas, not included in the above. Hardy is a particularly good locality, as there is a wide range of species. I found Vitrea simpson here on my last trip, the most northern and eastern limit so far recorded. ’ 119¢. Polygyra appressa (Say). At Hardy a highly sculptured variety with small denticle upon the upper lip. This variety is known as Say’s ‘variety A.” It measures from 18 to 20 mm. diameter. 119d. Poly. appressa perigrapta (Pils.), typical. Little Rock. I also have this from extreme northwestern Arkansas. 120. Poly. elevata (Say). Hardy. 125. Poly. clausa (Say). Hardy. 134. Poly. labrosa (Bld.). Little Rock. 190. Bifidaria procera (Gld.), At Hardy in ’99. 198. Br. curvidens (Gld.). At Hardy in ’99. 199. Bi. pentodon (Say). At Hardy in 799. 278-la. Conulus fulvus dentatus (Sterki). At Hardy in ’99. 338¢. Pyramidula alternata rarinotata (Pils.). At Dennison, Texas. 239. Circinaria concava (Say). WHardy and Little Rock. 340. Pyramidula solitaria (Say). Hardy. 342. Pyr. perspectiva (Say). Hardy. 346. Helicodiscus lineatus (Say). Hardy. 32 THE NAUTILUS. NOTICES OF SOME NEW JAPANESE MOLLUSKS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. [ Continued from May No., p. 12.] Buliminus Hirasei n. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric-conic, rather solid, whitish-corneous or pale reddish corneous, with opaque white streaks and lines. Surface ir- regularly striatulate and very finely though rather irregularly spirally striate. Spire with quite convex outlines, a trifle attenuated near the obtuse apex. Whorls 8, the first slightly convex, following whorls almost flat, the last one more convex. Aperture but slightly oblique, pale reddish-brown within, ovate; peristome white, ex- panded, thickened within; columella simply concave, without a foid; parietal callus very thin in the middle, thickened toward the ends, having a low tubercle near the posterior angle. Length 19, diam. 9, of last whorl above aperture 8; length of aperture 83 mm. Length 19, diam. 8, of last whorl above aperture 7.5; length of aperture 7.6 mm. Kikai, Prov. Osumi, Japan (Y. Hirase). This species differs from B. reinianus Kob. and andersonianus Mlldff., in the obese form and especially the light coloration. It is much smaller and especially shorter than B. japonicus Mildff., which was described from a single beached specimen. B. japonicus while decidedly larger, alt. 28, diam. 11 mm., the aperture 11 mm. long, has a half whorl less (74), and no mention is made by Dr. v. Mdl- lendorff of a tubercle near the posterior angle of the peristome, such as occurs in B, Hiraser. It is named in honor of Mr, Y. Hirase, of Kyoto. Buliminus extorris var. omiensis n. Shell rimate, resembling B. cantori in general form, large, solid and dark chestnut brown; irregularly striate, the striae more or less cut into granules by very irregular spirals. Spire with convex out- lines below, straight above, the last two whorls of about equal diam eter; apex obtuse. Whorls 84, convex, the last rather compressed. White, somewhat thickened within, the ends connected by a white cord across the parietal wall, thickened into a slight tubercle near the posterior angle. Columella concave below, having a short strong fold above. THE NAUTILUS. 33 Length 29, diam, 10, length of aperture 10.3, width 8.3 mm. Length 29.5, diam. 10, length of aperture 11, width 7.8 mm. Ibuki, prov. Omi, Japan (Y. Hirase). I refer this form with some doubt to B. extorris Brancsik (Jahr- esheft Nat. Ver. Trencsiner Comitates, 1891, p. 81, pl. 7, f. 3), de- scribed as probably from Japan; but that species has a narrower aperture very like that of . cantori, and is a more slender shell than this one, with the aperture and diameter less than one-third the length of the shell, while in var. omzensis these measurements ex- ceed one-third. . e. omiensis is a narrower shell than 2B. japonicus, with an additional whorl and folded columella. The peristome and parietal callus are more developed than in LB. reinianus. Buliminus callistoderma, n. sp. Shell rimate, thin, conic, somewhat translucent, of a brownish olive color; somewhat glossy, densely granulose in spiral series. Spire rather straightly conic; apex obtuse, Whorls 5}, convex, the last a little ascending in front, swollen, convex beneath. Aperture irregularly ovate ; peristome thin, expanded; columellar margin di- lated, reflexed above; parietal callus a mere translucent film, not tuberculate or thickened near the posterior angle. Length 10, diam. 5.5, length of aperture 4.9 mm. Ogasawara Shima (Bonin I.), Japan (Y. Hirase). Quite unlike other Japanese or Loo Choo species in its short, conic form, the small number of whorls, thin shell, and densely granulose surface. (To be continued.) SUPPLEMENTAL NOTE ON PLANORBIS CORPULENTUS SAY. BY BRYANT WALKER. Dr. E. W. Hubbard, of Elyria, Ohio, whose catalogue of shells of that State was published at an early date, and who there cites P. cor- pulentus as one of the species represented in his collection, was a grandfather of Mr. George H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, Pa. Mr. Clapp has kindly sent to me for examination two sets of Planorbis from Dr. Hubbard’s collection, labeled P. corpulentus, one from Elyria, the other without locality. Both are P. trivolvis and do not differ from that species as usually found. This unexpected verification of the 34 THE NAUTILUS. misconception of Say’s species, entertained by the early collectors, is both interesting and valuable. My attention has been also recently cailed to the fact that Tryon first formally differentiated the west coast form from P. corpulentus as P. binneyi, in his review of Binney’s ‘* Land and Fresh-Water Shells,” Part IJ, in the Am. Jour. of Conch., III, p. 197 (1867). This citation should, therefore, be added to the bibliography appended to my article in the April NavTILus. The following typographical errors in that article should also be corrected : In foot-note on page 134 delete the words “ part of.’”? Also for “¢ Say,” in lines one and three, read ‘‘ Jay.” On page 136, in the quotation from Mr. Whiteaves’ letter, for SChWe - sead. \cminee PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. SYNOPSIS OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE FAmity Drp1o- DONTIDAZ. By W.H. Dall (Extracted from the Jour. of Conch. Vol. IX. pp. 244-246, Oct. 1899). Dr. Dall says: ‘* The family Diplodontide comprises the genera Felania, Diplodonta, Ungulina and Joannisiella. The Cryptodontide which have been by some au- thors united with this group, possess very remarkable anatomical characters, and should be kept separate. Joannisiella has long been confounded with Cyrenotdes, from which much misconception has arisen. ‘The former is a brackish water Diplodonta with a flattened foot, the latter belongs to a distinct group. The typical Lelania is close to Diplodonta, but many Lucinoid shells have been mistakenly referred to Felania. East American Species, Diplodonta punctata Say (Amphidesma). Syn. D. venezuelensis Dkr. D. janeirensis Rve., D. subglobosa C. B. Ads. D. braziliensis Mittre, D. orbella Gabb, Mysia pellucida Heilp. Cape Hatteras to South Brazil. Diplodonta nucleiformis Wagner. Syn. D. elevata Conr., D. car- olinense Conr. Coast of the Carolinas, 15-52 fathoms ; fossil in the Miocene of Virginia and N. Carolina. Section Felaniella Dall, 1899. Diplodonta candeana Orb. Marco, Florida, to Brazil. Diplodonta vilardiboana Orb. Brazil and Argentine coasts. Section Phyctiderma Dall, 1899. Diplodonta soror C. B. Ads. Jamaica, north to the Florida Keys and Texas ; fossil in the Miocene of Virginia and N. Carolina, THE NAUTILUS. 35 Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. Syn. D. granulosa C. B. Ads., L. semireticulata Orb. Cape Hatteras to Rio Janeiro, Brazil; fossil in the Pliocene of Florida. Diplodonta puncturella Dall, n. sp. Jamaica ; fossil in the Oli- gocene, Bowden, Jamaica. Diplodonta platensis Dall n. sp. In. 11 fathoms off Rio de la Plata. Section Spherella Conrad. Diplodonta verrilli Dall, = D. turgida V. & §., 1881, not Conr. 1848. Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., to N. Carolina, in 15-69 fathoms. West American Species. Diplodonta orbellu Gould. (Sphaerella tumida Conr. Ms.) Brit- ish Columbia to Lower California. Diplodonta tellinoides Reeve. Panama to Guayaquil. Diplodonta diserepans Cpr. Mazatlan. Diplodonta subquadrata Cpr. Not D. subquadrata Gabb, but perhaps D. undata Cpr. Cape St. Lucas to Acapulco and Maz- atlan. Section Felaniella Dall, Diplodonta obliqua Phil. (Lucina calculus Reeve). Cape St. Lucas, Mazatlan. Diplodonta cornea Reeve. Gulf of Nicoya. Diplodonta sericata Reeve, Felania sericata Cpr. Gulf of Cal- ifornia. Diplodonta nitens Reeve. Gulf of Guayaquil. Section Phlyctiderma Dall. Diplodonta celata Reeve. Bay of Guayaquil. Diplodonuta semirugosa Dall, n,n. = D. semiaspera Cpr. not Philippi. Gulf of California. Die CONCHYLIEN DER PATAGONISCHEN Formation. By H. von Ihering. (Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geol. und Paleon. Bd. I1, pp. 1—46, taf. 1, 11, 1899.) There are recorded from this for- mation 69 species. 9 new species are described, followed by general observations on the formation and fauna. LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLtLusca oF INp1A, Vol. II., pt. 9. By Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen. The part now before us continues the account of the Zonitida, a large part of both text and plates relating to the soft anatomy of the various forms. The groups Macrochlamys, Eurychlamys (n. s.-g.), Ratnadvipia (n. s.-g), Eu- plecta, Girasia, Austenia, Microcystina, Microcystis, Mariella, Ben- sonia, Haughtonia (n. s.-g.), Nilgira, Ariophanta, Khasiella (n. s.-g) are treated 1n more or less detail. In so large an amount of new and interesting information, only a few points can be specially mentioned. In Macrochlamys pedina the spermatheca was found to contain not less than seven spermatophores ; and the morphology of the 36 THE NAUTILUS. spermatophore in various Indian genera is discussed at some length. The value of this organ in clas sification is stated to be not inconsid- erable, as it is subject to modification probably generic in constancy. In Euplecta semidecussata the vagina (or free oviduct) is swollen above its cae with the spermatheca duct, the author interpreting this structure as a provision for retaining the ova, and terming it the ‘¢ ovitheca.’’! a treating of Mariella, Godwin- Austen “adopts Cockerell’s suggestion that the J/. dussumiert was from Mahé on the southwest coast of Peninsular India, not Mahé, one of the Seychelles. The genus is shown to be closely allied to Girasra. By restricting several parts of his work to Zonitid anatomy, a quantity of data invaluable to other workers in this difficult group has been amassed, although, as Godwin-Austen modestly points out, the time for definite classification of the whole group has not yet arrived.— H.-A. RP: GENERAL NOTES. Aagr or Deposit UNDERLYING Los ANGELES, CAL.—The dis- covery of the remains of a species of Radiolites, R. ’ Hamlini Stearns, in the Third Street Tunnel clays in the city of Los Angeles, of which we have been informed, is of exceeding interest through its bearing on the question of the geologic age of the region, which has been in doubt (Cf. NauTILus, June, 1900, p. 15). The Radiolites is a Cretaceous form and not Herciotone reported from the west coast. Errata.—For “vertical”? in the sixth line of the second para- graph, page 3 of the May number, read “ ventral.” In the next pare agraph, fourth line, after the word ligaments, read “is” instead of “are.” Lists or Recent Mottusca.—Messrs Sowerby & Fulton have issned a series of lists of recent mollusks, enumerating a large num- ber (11,300) of the known species of most of the genera, classified according to late authorities. They are well and accurately printed, and collectors will find them useful and interesting. To a SLuG. (IN ALCOHOL. Hail, Limax !—clammy, slimy thing, Poor houseless wretch, of thee I sing! Though ended is thy earthly run, Thy glory is but yet begun. For Science, with obtrusive pride, Will keep intact thy mortal hide And suffer thee, for future gain, In best of spirits to remain. Oakland, Cal., Apr. 15, 1900. H. H. BruEnn. 1 Perhaps “ odtheca” would be better, ovitheca being a hybrid word. ae N MTILUS. Von. XIV. AUGUST, 1900. No. 4. A NEW MUREX FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WM. H. DALL. Murex petri Dall, n. sp. Shell solid, when perfect with an acute produced apex of four or five whorls, followed by four ordinary whorls; nepionic shell. with convex shouldered whorls with up to six rounded varices, spirally sculptured with rather prominent threads ; color of the shell purplish- brown more or less minutely mottled or articulated with paler spots; surface with obsolete flattish spiral threads stronger on the backs of the varices, and, when perfect, also showing very minute spiral stria- tion; whorls between the varices with a single not very prominent knob; varices flattish, with five or six projecting points or digita- tions separated by shallow emarginations and slightly excavated on the forward face ; these projections are not recurved ; anterior face of the varices covered with profuse crinkled imbricating lamellae; a marked sulcus between the anterior digitation and the canal; aper- rure ovate, thickened with a projecting yellowish margin without any dentiform process ; the interior shows about six nodular denticles on the anterior two-thirds of the outer lip; canal closed, rather long, sharply curved to the right ; lon. of shell 65, lat. 82; of aperture lon. Poros late 1155 mm. Habitat, San Pedro, in rather deep water. Mr. and Mrs. Old- royd. This shell belongs to a group of Murices which is exceptionally developed on the Pacific coast; having three varices and sometimes a basal tooth projecting from the margin of the aperture. Those: ne 38 THE NAUTILUS. with the tooth belong to the genus Pterorhytis Conrad (long called Cerostoma) and those without a tooth have had various names applied to them from Ocinebra to Pteropurpura. Of the allied species J. californicus has scaly spirals of three sizes, ending in sharply pointed channelled recurved varical digitations ; J/. trialatus Sowerby has dark brown and white color bands, the shoulder of the whorls ex- rvavated, the large posterior digitation of the varices curved toward the apex of the shell, and the varix has no anterior sulcus next the canal. MW. carpenter? Dall, is nearly smooth, thinner than the others, and with no knobs between the varices on the whorls. All have similar opercula of muricoid type. A NEW LAMPSILIS FROM ARKANSAS. BY JAMES H. FERRISS. Lampsilis Simpsoni. Shell sub-solid, elongated, slightly obovate, narrowed in front, and rather evenly rounded at both ends, somewhat inflated, having the greatest diameter at the middle and gradually tapering each way to the ends, feebly gaping at the anterior base and behind, beaks rather low but distinct, their sculpture consisting of ill defined, irregular subnodulous corrugations; epidermis well developed, in the young specimens projecting beyond the shell all around, slightly concentri- sally wrinkled, and showing the rough irregular growth lines; tawny with green rays and coppery beaks in the young, brownish or black- ish in the old state; posterior ridge well marked in the earlier stages of growth. Hinge line evenly curved; pseudo cardinals reduced to mere stumpy vestiges; there are two feeble, remote laterals in the left valve and one in the right ; epidermal matter folded in along the hinge line; anterior cicatrices rather deep, irregular; posterior cica- trices shallow; nacre shaded violet, bluish and coppery, iridescent behind. Length 95, height 50, diameter 32 millimeters. Spring River, Hardy, Arkansas. This specimen seems to stand between Lampsilis tenuissimus and L. gracilis. The former is more compressed, has a stronger posterior ridge, is, pointed behind, and is inflated at or just behind the center of the base, and gaps more decidedly behind. It has something the form of certain specimens of Z. gracilis, but is more elongated and THE NAUTILUS. 39 straighter on the basal line. Three specimens were obtained, one adult, which is probably a male, and two young shells. The latter are very different from young gracilis, having the epidermis well projected around the border of the shell, and the outlines of the adult state. To help commemorate the memory of one who has given nearly a life work towards perfecting the history of the humble clam, I name this in honor of Chas. 'T. Simpson of the National Museum. Types in my own collection. 40 THE NAUTILUS. NOTICES OF NEW AMERICAN SNAILS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Gastrodonta intertexta volus!2, n. var. Shell small, thin and fragile, subtranslucent, pale brown, somewhat lossy, the surface decussated by impressed spirals cutting fine but sharp striz above, smoother but still decussate below ; rather widely 1 perforate. Whorls 53, the earlier 14 smooth, last whorl slightly angular at the periphery, quite convex beneath. Aperture without the slightest trace of callus within. Alt. 5, diam. 8 mm. 99 Near ** Mount Taylor,” an aboriginal mound on the St, John’s River, south of Volusia, Volusia Co., Florida; coll. by Pilsbry & Johnson. Types no 75,769 coll. A. N.S. P. This sheli differs from ¢ntertexta in the very small size, fragile texture, and total lack of an internal callus within the last whorl near the aperture. Some 56 specimens collected agree in these characters; and as I have seen no intermediate specimens, the form may prove be specific. However, the St. John’s valley is deficient in lime; the land shells are in some other cases quite thin for their species, a fact which has its weight. But in the Tanners- ville valley of the Catskills, a sandstone region where snails are rare and actually eat each other’s shells for lime, the zntertexta I found still had the characteristic callus within the mouth. Alexia myosotis marylandica, n. var. Inner lip triplicate; outer lip with a conical tooth at its upper third, below which it is thickened by a callous rib. Mouth of St. Leonard’s Creek, Patuxent River, Maryland, col- lected by Charles W. Johnson. Pyramidula Elrodi, 0. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, much depressed and acutely keeled, moderately solid. Spire but slightly convex; whorls 5, the first smooth, the next 1} rather convex, finely and regularly ribbed, the following whorls flattened, impressed above an acute keel which fills the suture, the last two whorle very strongly, irregularly ribbed, the ribs running with growth-lines, wrinkle-like; last whorl with an acute peripheral keel, pinched and concave above aud below it, the keel of the preceding whorl projecting more or less above the suture ; base convex, heavily ribbed, the umbilicus large and funnel- shaped. Aperture oblique, irregularly oval, angular at position of THE NAUTILUS. 41 the keel; peristome simple, the margins converging; parietal callus short and rather thin. Alt. 9, diam. 21-22 mm, Mission Mountains, Montana (Prof. M. J. Elrod). This species holds toward P. strigosa a relationship like that of P. cumberlandiana toward P. alternata. Except in being more widely umbilicated and with a wider last whorl, it would be well resresented by the published figures of Epiphragmophora ecircum- carinata (Stearns). The ribs are less regular than in the typical form of P. ¢dahoensis, but are equally strong. None of the wonder- ful series of strigosa varieties discovered by Hemphill approach this form; which could not, with present information, be considered a sub-species of strigosa. It is, like tdahoensis and haydeni, doubtless the terminal member in a differentiation-series from the strigosa stock, but the connecting links are wanting tn the recent fauna, so far as present collections show. It is named in honor of Prof. M. J. Elrod, of the University of Montana. Helicodiscus Eigenmanni n. sp. Shell similar to 1. dineatus, but attaining a much greater size, the umbilicus much smaller in comparison with the diameter of the shell. Whorls 4? to 5, strongly lirate spirally, Aperture more lunate, embracing more of the preceding whorl, usually armed with a pair of small teeth within, as in A. Lineatus. Umbilicus rather deep and cup-shaped. Alt. 1.9, diam. 4.8 mm., umbilicus 2 mm. wide. Beaver Cave, near San Marcos, Hays Co., Texas. This species was collected by Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, the well- known writer on fish morphology. The specimens are very uniform in character, differing markedly from the common and wide-spread H. lineatus. The latter shows but little variation throughout its enormous range, and so far as I can see from a very large series, there is nowhere a tendency to be- come more narrowly umbiiicated. The present form has been found only in the cave mentioned above, and may possibly be a modifica- tion induced by underground life, although until the immediate sur- roundings of the cave are searclied, it would be unsafe to more than suggest this. I find only the ordinary H. lineatus from other Texan localities. Nothing like H. “Li genmanni occurred to me at San Antonio, New Braunfels, or Austin, 42 THE NAUTILUS. DESCRIPTION OF A LAND SHELL FROM SOUTH AMERICA. BY C. F. ANCEY. Eurytus Couturesi. Anc. Testa ovata, tenuiuscula, subimperforata, nitidula, sub epidermide tenui virenti vel luteo-fusca, plus minusve decidua, sordide purpurea. Spira brevis, obtusa, apice fusco-purpurea, ad summum rotundate sub- conoidea. Anfractus 4, celeriter crescentes, convexiusculi, sutura impressa, striis incrementi notati et minute granulati; penultimus ad dextram tumidulus ; ultimus post mediam partem longe deflexus, malleatus et minutissime granulosus, striis ad suturam pliculosis. Apertura fere verticalis, irregulariter ovalis, superne angulosa, plica columellari callosa preedita, intus livide purpurea. Peristoma undique revolutum et incrassatum, roseo-purpureum, marginibus eallo nitido junctis, columellari ad insertionem paululum dilatato. Long. 38, diam. 22, alt. apert. cum peristomate 22 mill. Hab. Bolivia (teste G. Coutures). This is more egg-shaped than either #. pulicarius or E. catheartia, Reeve, which seem to be its immediate allies. In form it resembles E. cardinalis Pfr., from Quito, but is a smaller and much thinner shell. I have seen two specimens precisely alike, differing only in size ; the larger one, the type, is in my collection. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW ASIATIC SPECIES. BY C, F. ANCEY. 1, Limicolaria oviformis, Anc. Testa obtecte minuteque rimata, obtuso-oblonga, solida, opacula, nitida, sub epidermide decidua pallide stramineo-lutescente, griseo- lactea strigisque pallide fuscis exilibusque in medianis aufractibus variegata vel flammulata, Spira oblonga, relative parum attenuata, apice valde obtusa. Anfractus 7 convexi, regulariter et lente cres- centes, sutura satis impressa, subirregulari ; striis incrementi aliisque spiralibus paulo inter se distantioribus regulariter decussata; ultimus L£HE NAUTILUS. 43 oblongus, rotundatus, post medium leevigatus (striis spiralibus evanidis). Apertura subobliqua, oblongo-angustata, albida. Col- umella reflexa, incrassata, fere recta. Peristoma rectum, acutum, margine extero antrorsum haud arcuato, Long. 44, lat. 21, alt. apert. 183 mill. Hab. Mountains above Aden, Arabia (Jousseaume). This is a Limicolaria of the typical African group and bears no relation to the species hitherto known from the opposite coast of the Somalis, like Z. Revoili, Bourg., Armandi, Bourg., etc. It is re- markable in being very obtuse and of an oblong shape. The mark- ings are but faint, at least as far as the original specimen is con- cerned. 2. Buliminus (Petrceus) Pilsbryanus Anc. Bulimus Jousseaumei, Bourg., in coll.; of Buliminus Jouss- eaumei, E. A. Smith, Proc. Malac. Soc., Vol. I., part 4, p. 142 (1894). Testa oblonga, clause rimata (rima obliqua, basi arcuata), candida, statu omnino recenti verisimiliter pallide iuteotincta, solidiuscula, nitida. Spira conideo-oblonga, apice minuto, obtusiusculo, laevigato. Anfractus 74 convexiusculi, regulariter crescentes, sutura parum profunda discreti, superiores confertim oblique costulati, sculptura in sequentibus debiliore, in inferioribus obsolescenti et preeterea lineis spiralibus numerosis indistinctis sub valida lenti passim impressa ; ultimus postice convexus, ad dextram excentricus, versus aperturam breviter ascendens, circa rimam impressus et obtuse subangulatus. Apertura fere recta, superne oblique lunata, irregulariter subovata, ad dextram excentrica, ad marginem columellarum leviter oblique rectiuscula, extus valde convexa. Peristoma crassum, callosum, continuum, valide labiatum, planiusculum, latum, undique reflexum. Columella oblique recta, subsinuosa, intus plica valida in dentum acutum desinenti munita. Margines approximati, callo crasso juncti. Long. 21, lat 103, long. apert. (perist. incluso) 10; long. ejusd. (peristom. excluso 64); diam. ejusd. (peristom. incluso) 8; diam. ejusd. (sine peristomate) 43 mill. Mountains of Yemen, above Aden, Southern Arabia (Dr. Jous- seaume ). 44 THE NAUTILUS. SOME NAMES WHICH MUST BE DISCARDED. BY WM. H. DALL. In January, 1853, Gray (Brit. Mus. Cat. Brach., p. 114) insti- tuted the genus Cvstella for Terebratula cuneata of Risso and allied forms. This name has been generally adopted and, in the last re- vision of the Brachiopods by Schuchert, is not credited with any synonyms. But in 1848, Gistel, in his Naturgeschichte des Thier- reichs, p. xi, proposed the name Cistedla for a group of Insects. For the Brachiopod, therefore, I propose the name Argyrotheca, with the same type. ~The name ELuryta was proposed for a subgenus of Terebra, by H. and A, Adams in 1858, and is in general use, but Huryta had already been used for an acaleph by Gistel, in 1848, and must therefore be rejected. In its place I would propose Mazatlania. In 1876 Jef- freys proposed Glomus for a remarkable bivalve allied to Leda, but he had also been preceded by Gistel, who had proposed the name Glomus for a beetle (Naturg. p. xi, 1848). The genus may take the name of Pristigloma. The dismemberment of the heterogeneous Linnean genus Patella was one of the first tasks of naturalists after the publication of the Systema Natura. The first author to undertake this necessary work has been generally overlooked. This was Modeer, who in 1793 (K. vetensk. Akad. nya Handl. xiv, pp. 110-111) divided the true limpets from those with internal septa or processes and gave to the latter group, with a proper diagnosis, the name of Chetlea. ‘This group was subsequently divided by authors who, however, omitted to reserve any portion of the original genus Chezlea to preserve the name, as required by the rules of nomenclature. On the five species cited as examples by Modeer, four genera were instituted by Hum- phrey (after Hwass) in 1797, two belonging to his genus Orypta, more generally known as Crepidula. In 1799 Lamarck made two subdivisions with new names for three of the species, and added a third in 1809. Ferussac added a synonym to one of Humphrey’s names in 1807, and Schumacher did the same in 1817, while a subgeneric name was proposed by Morch, for one of the two Crepidulas, in 1852. What name must we now reject, to reinstate THK NAUTILUS. 45 Cheilea in its rights? There was no diagnosis given with Hum- phrey’s names, only lists of species. Passing them over, we find Lamarck eliminated Crepidula and Calyptrea with proper diag- noses, though his Calyptrea comprised species of two genera. He left behind a single species, which, if Lamarck had been the first to divide the genus, would have kept the name Cheilea. On the other hand, he included in his genus Calyptrea, a species he should have omitted. The first was named Septaria by Ferussac in 1807, and this left only one genus included in the original Cheilea un- named. This was called Mitrularta by Schumacher in 1817, but in our opinion this name must be rejected for that of Modeer, which should be adopted for the group represented by the Patella equestris of Linnaeus. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Mo.Liusca OF THE GREAT SMOKY Mountains. By Henry A. Pilsbry. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, pp. 110-150. This is the most interesting faunal list the writer has seen in a long while. It results from the explorations of Messrs. Pilsbry, Ferriss, Bryant Walker, Clapp and Sargent in July and August, 1899, along the Tennessee-North Carolina boundary, among the valleys and on the peaks of the Great Smoky Mountains. In all, fifty-six species of terrestrial mollusca were obtained, among which Gastrodonta walker?, Punctum blandianum, and several varieties of different species are described as new. ‘Two things are especially noticeable, one the abundance of endemic species and varieties, the other the absence of many species which one is accustomed to regard as universally dis- tributed in the mountains of this continent. Of course more of the latter may yet be found, but it cannot be purely accidental that the party came upon no Vitrina, no Pupa, only one Vertigo, and that very rare, only one Bifidaria, also rare, and no Vallonia! In some cases widely-distributed species are represented by segregates which have attained specific rank; thus in place of Vitrea indentata there is an abundance of V. carolinensis of a small type (var. wetherbyi, Ckll. ined.) intermediate between ctndentata and carolinensis proper, the exact locality of which is unfortunately unknown. In the case 46 THE NAUTILUS. of Polygyra tridentata the differentiation has not gone so far, so that while Dr. Pilsbry describes a mountain race with a more or less double basal tooth, he hesitates to give ita name. Throughout the paper the author, while naming a number of local races, shows a natural reluctance to recognize in the nomenclature all the incipient species which his studies have brought to light. As with the mam- mals in the hands of Merriam, Allen, Rhoads and others, abundant specimens with exact data have proved what the older authors did not expect ; that everywhere segregation is going on, and that the recognizable species and subspecies are far more numerous than we had been led to suppose. Lord Salisbury’s statement of a few years ago, that nobody had seen evolution actually going on in nature, ap- pears absurd to the modern zobloglst or botanist. Even the attitude of those who do not believe in varietal nomenclature or the recogni- tion of subspecies has changed. Thus Dr. Skinner, who from sundry published opinions might be regarded as a ‘‘lumper,” is familiar with and has represented in his splendid collection of butter- flies more geographical races than entomologists dream of; and I believe he will admit that if be were converted to the policy of splitting, he might produce a work which would astonish us all. The writer of this notice believes that detailed studies like those of Dr. Pilsbry are of the highest importance from a philosophical point of view, and that until zodlogists are prepared to recognize the wonderful complexity and variety of living forms, they cannot hope to understand the larger problems of biology. And it seems to him, furthermore, that we should be rational enough to weigh and con- sider all characters, not merely those which strike the eye. We think of the Sandwich Island Achatinellide as being wonderfully diverse, because their diversity is largely that of bright colors and pretty patterns. Why may not the less conspicuous diversity of our simply-colored snails be just as real, and just as worthy of recog- nition by students of molluscan life ? TT) D; Av CocKERERYE Tue Armature or Hericoip Lanp Suetzs, by G. K. Gude (Science Gossip). Mr. Gude has now brought to completion his long series of articles on the genera Plectopylis and Corilla, giving a synopsis and key to the former group, a discussion of its geographic THE NAUTILUS. 47 range, and a much-needed index, as the papers extend over a period of several years. A classification into seven sections is offered. These seem in all cases to be excellently founded groups, and de- eidedly useful in classifying some 75 species which now compose the genus. Few if any groups of Helices of similar extent have been so well monographed. The workman-like manner of the per- formance shows Mr. Gude to be an acute observer and clear expositor. He is a welcome recruit to the first rank of Helicologists. List OF SHELLS collected by Vernon Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minnesota, with notes. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXII, p. 135- 138. DescrRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS FROM CALI- FORNIA, with faunal and geographical notes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXII, pp. 139-142. By R. E. C. Stearns, Ph. D. | The first list enumerates some 18 species, all aquatic except Suwecinea ovalis Gld., reported from the shore of Heron Lake. A number of noteworthy variations of Limm@ea emarginata from Eagle Lake are discussed, shouldered, lirate, patulous and variously distorted forms occurring. The second paper describes Haliotis fulgens walallensis (Nautilus, Ser ne. 9’). GENERAL NOTES. SHELLS oF Las VeaGas, N. M.—We have received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell another small lot from this locality, collected by Miss Mary Cooper, and including the following species: Vitrina pfeiffert Newe. Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb). Bifidaria armifera (Say). Bifidaria procera (Gld.). Pupa blandi (Morse). Planor- bis deflectus Say. Pisidium compressum Pme, Dr. Rudolph Bergh discusses the anatomy of various Tecti- branches in the part of the Malacologische Untersuchungen, Vol. VII., just issued. He adopts the erroneous spelling Haminea for Haminea, and retains it in the Sullid@, where it does not belong. An excellent account of the anatomy of H. cornea Lam. follows. Cryptophthalmus follows, also referred to the Bullide@, and the anatomy is now first described. The genus Chelidonura is described anatomically, and referred for the first time to the family Doridiida, doubtless correctly. This is a most interesting discovery. The 48 THE NAUTILUS. genera Lobiger and Lophocercus are then discussed. The anatomy of Akera bullata and of a new Pacific species of Phyllaplysia is also described. Note on a New Absyssat Limpet. Under the name of Bathysciadium conicum Dautzenberg and H. Fischer have described* a new deep-water limpet which combines some curious characters. The specimens are simply conical with radiating riblets and an al- most membraneous shell, and have a diameter of 1.5 mm. and a height of 0.9 mm. Some anatomical details are given by Dr. Pelseneer in a note appended to the description. The animal was obtained from the beak of a cuttlefish dredged by the Prince of Monaco off the Azores in 845 fathoms. Like ZLepeta it is without eyes or ctenidia, the respiration being carried on by the surface of the mantle. The muzzle appears to be without lappets, the right tentacle has an appendix like that of Cocculina (supposed to be a degenerate verge), there are no posterior filaments; an unpaired mandible and long radula are present, the nervous system is that of the Docoglossa, and the otoliths are single. Dr. Pelseneer regards the genital gland (otherwise strictly deco- glossate) as hermaphrodite, a condition so exceptional, and, consider- ing the minute size of the animal, so difficult to determine, that judgment may fairly be suspended pending further confirmation of it. The radula as figured leads to the belief that except in the absence of the rhachidian tooth (often degenerate in abyssal lim- pets) the teeth are like those of Lepetella; the major lateral being broken into three pieces which have been taken for three separate teeth by the author cited. If this suspicion be correct, the formula is 1-+ 2.0.2 + 1, for a transverse series of the radula. The creature will be the first true limpet (Docoglossa) to show any trace of a verge, and if really hermaphrodite, the first to exhibit this charac- ter. The single otolith is very likely correlated with the small size of the animal. The genus will stand next to Lepetella among the Wm. H. Dat, (Sezence, June 8). Abranchiate Docoglossa. * Bull. Soc. Zodi. de France, xxiv., p. 207. ee N AMTILUS. Hee = = — Vom. XIV. SEPTEMBER, 1900. No. 5. THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS. BY JAMES H. FERRISS. There was a general round-up of the snails in the Smokies last summer. When the roll of diggers was called at Cades Cove, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry answered to his name, and so did Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, Bryant Walker, of Detroit, Prof. H. A. Sargent, of Ann Arbor, and I did too. Prof. A. G. Wetherby and Mrs. M. L. An- drews intended to be with our party until the very last moment. The year before, I made the trip as far as Mirey Ridge with Mr. Clapp. With this exception it was my first excursion in company with up-to-date scientists. I have made four trips to the Smoky Mountains and expect to go again this year. On two occasions short stops were made at Burnside, Kentucky, on the Cumberland; at Oakdale, Tennessee, on the Emery; Lookout Mountain, at Chatta- nooga, and a side trip to the Little Tennessee, at Caringer post-office, or Talassee Ford, and one trip was made into the Unaka range. The Smoky Mountains on the north of the Little Tennessee and the Unaka range on the south (not the Unakas near Roan Mountain), form the boundary between Tennessee and North Carolina. The readers of the Nautitus, I am sure, will be pleased to know something of this party. Briefly in ages, its members ran from 35 to 50; at least Iam that high, but they are boys still, and can climb more trees and wade streams worse than ever. Mr. Walker, an at- torney, and Mr. Clapp, a business man, I think the handsomest members of the party; and their dispositions, their patience, their interest in the comfort of others really approach the domain of the 50 THE NAUTILUS. angels, and when Mr. Blair, our mountain host, was with the party it made three of them. Mr. Clapp can suffer more and complain less than any entirely earthly being. When lame enough to put an ordinary man in a hospital he will sprinkle on a little talcum pow- der, keep up with the procession and never say a word. Mr. Walker did not sleep the night after our party separated because Sargent and I were out on the mountains without blankets, and the heathen, the two of us, at that very time were as near the happy hunting grounds, both in altitude and spirit, as we may ever be; with a bed of dry moss and a roaring fire at our feet, we slept sweetly as doves, under a massive balsam in the prettiest park I ever saw in the mountains. The next morning we got over 80 Polygyra Ferrissi each, and three were albinos. For industry, zeal and business (shell business), Sargent and Pilsbry are not to be excelled. Sargent always hunts longer and gets more than any other, and Pilsbry, after a hard day’s digging, was ready to clean up my catch any time I would bake biscuit. Not one was a believer in ghosts. It was the most sensible, kindly, lovable collection possible. A sad day came when the company sep- parated. Dr. Pilsbry then borrowed soda of a herder and attempted to bake his own biscuit. He did not have any sour milk, and I think that yellow spot remains in the camp site to-day, a wonder to pass- ing herders and a puzzle to those practical mountain scientists who condense their bulky corn crop into convenient form for transporta- tion in jugs. Cade’s Cove, in Blount county, Tennessee, lying at the base of the Smokies, is 1,700 feet above the sea. It is six miles long, in some places two in width, and out of this valley are many other deep coves running up to the top of Boat and Rich mountains, 3,500 feet above the sea. This valley has been searched more than any we have visited. But last year we found four more kinds, and one of those a new variety. The soil is so fertile in shells, like the sea coast of Florida it will be good ground for many years. With mountain friends, camp dunnage and mules, we left the set- tlement soon as possible. There was much rain, and the puncheons in the herder’s cabin where we slept the first two nights were very hard, but it was a light-hearted company. There were plenty of snails, and school children were never more delighted or delightful. The pleasant days we climbed the mountain sides, when Mr. Pilsbry THE NAUTILUS. D1 and company talked snails, geology, botany and fungi, is a memory will long live pleasantly with your humble author. Thunderhead is 5,500 feet according to the government maps, and it rains there every week in my experience and it is more storm- swept than many of the higher peaks. The beech trees and buck- eyes are mere scrubs. Blockhouse mountain, of the same height, Coontown, Russell’s field and other good coves were hunted over from the first camp. Then we moved along the backbone of the range to Clingman’s Dome, some 15 miles farther, passing Briar Knob, the Derricks, Mirey Ridge, Siler’s Bald and the Balsam, all over a mile high, and good collecting ground. Clingman’s Dome is 6,600 feet high, covered with balsam fir, and the sphagnum is so deep walking is like tramping on a spring mat- tress, and very tiresome. When away from a well-beaten trail it is difficult to walk a mile in less than an hour or an hour and a half. Many of the rocks were large as houses, and when we went under for rare shells we carried candles. ‘These feed on the microscopic fungi, I suspect, growing upon the roof, and they seemed to select a roof nearly level. One of the P. ferrissi at a time is the rule, but on Andrews Bald, afterwards, we sometimes found as many as eight on one roof. Occasionally P. clarkit, andrewse@ altivaga, depilata, or a Gastrodonta lamillidens or clappii, would be found on the same roof, but not often. Bidding the remainder of our party and the mules farewell, as our vacation was longer, Prof. Sargent and I, with a couple of mountain friends, carrying our camp outfit upon our backs, parted company from Pilsbry, Walker and Clapp, and made a trip to Andrews Bald (5,900 feet) from Clingman, though we really started out for Mt. Collins, some 600 feet higher. On Andrews, besides fer7/ss?, we found our finest red andrewse altivaga, banded with a still darker band. ° The next day we retraced our steps over Clingman and the Bal- sam to Siler’s Bald, where we took the Welsh Bald trail and con- tinued in a southwesterly direction in North Carolina for the next three weeks, with the exception of the two last days. Sometimes we were on the trail all day, while on other days we went only a mile or two. Sometimes we stayed several days in one place. The weather man furnished his best, and only twice were we compeiled to build bark shelters to keep us dry. 52 THE NAUTILUS. On Welsh Bald, at an altitude of 5,000 feet, we first found the new variety of Polygyra edwardsii, and from a little spring that oozed out from near the top, we found Pis¢dium roper? Sterki. Sargent found this in Minnesota and I had found it in a small pool near Joliet, but the shell is still rare. We descended to Chambers’ Creek one hot afternoon, where it was only 1,500 above the sea. It was a tough slide and both of our mountain friends were sick before starting. From there Sargent made a side trip by rail to Hayesville, N. C., and I first found Poly. monodon cincta. And then and afterwards they were mostly dead and found around the basswood and buckeye trees. After a few days’ rest, we crossed over to Tuskegee Creek, and in Ramp Cove, on the Tuskeegee side of the Yellow Creek Mountains, we first found Gastrodonta Walkeri Pilsbry, a new species. It was in company with significans. ‘These mountains run up about 4,000 feet, with soil on the slopes rich as a garden. Passing down Yellow Creek, between the Cheowah and Yellow Creek Mountains, we loaded up with green corn, sweet potatoes and other good things, as the valley is settled. Here we discovered that Poly. christyi as a great fondness for the shrub called poison hem- lock. The streams were swift and rocky. We found no clams and very few univalves. At Cheowah river we were down to 1,500 feet again. Hangover and Mount Hayo, in the Unaka range, 5,200 feet, overlook the ford, and the trail we took to these peaks was up a dry pine ridge, steep as the roof of a house, and for the first time in our trip, good drinking water was a little scarce. It took us until 3 o’clock in the afternoon to get up, and all were sore and some were cross. Every day brought new delights, One afternoon, on Bob Strat- ton’s Bald, 5,400 feet (there is another peak a few miles away called John Stratton’s Bald), near Hayo, we found over 200 G. lamellidens. We found these in company with Helicodiscus lineatus, and Vitrea carolinensis, by turning over slabs of stone that lay on top of the ground, and there were sometimes a half a dozen under one stone. The general rule is one /amellidens to a dozen or two rocks. The next day, at Glen Cove, a couple of miles lower down the range, we found 130 Poly. chilhoweensis. Back on the Little Tennessee river again at Talassee ford, we again found Gastro. walkeri at a point less than 1,000 feet above the sea—the lowest point in our trip. One of the / THE NAUTILUS. a3 mules and a good walker came to our rescue at Talassee ford and we returned to Cade’s Cove, 25 miles ina day. In all we traveled about 150 miles, as measured in a straight line, besides our side trips. There is much land for the snail hunter here. From the highest peaks we could see mountains 125 miles distant, and it was all moun- tains as far as we could see in three directions, and over much of this roughness no specimen hunter has traveled. In the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia, Dr. Pilsbry has given one of his best reports on the shells of this region. I will, therefore, give merely the list with little more than locality. A number of varieties have been added by Mr. Pilsbry, but not enough, 10. Helicina occulta (Say). Rowan Creek in Cade’s Cove, 54 mm., farthest record south. 67. Poly. pustuloides (Bld.). Talassee Ford, 2 first trip. 90. Poly. tridentata (Say). A double-toothed variety. Rose flats in Cade’s Cove, Welsh Bald, Talassee Ford. 91. Poly. fraudulenta (Pils.). One only, 13 mm. Welsh Bald, Swain Co., N. C. 96. Poly. rugeli (Shuttl.). Everywhere 9 to 15 mm. (Two kinds here sure, the big one is a dirty fellow.) 97. Poly. inflecta (Say). Tuckaleeche Cove. 105. Poly. profunda (Say). One on Slick Rock Creek in the Unakas in 1898. 106a. Poly. chilhoweensis (Lewis). Cade’s Cove, Block House, Mirey Ridge, Clingman’s Dome, Yellow Creek Mountains, Unakas, “Talassee Ford, 274 to 40 mm. 109. Poly. albolabris Say). Rose Flats in Cade’s Cove, Yellow Creek, Cheowah Mountain, 3,400 ft., Cheowah River, Slick Rock Creek (Monroe County, Tenn.). Found in dry situations, dry mountain tops, 32 to 35 mm. 110. Poly. exoleta (Binn.). Cade’s Cove, Thunderhead, Glen Cove, Talassee Ford. 116. Poly. ferrissi (Pils.). Mirey Ridge, Clingman, Andrew’s Bald, Welsh Bald. We found only three in two days on Welsh Bald, but got 160 in half a day on Andrew’s. I offered to exchange a dozen of these shells with a dealer at the rate of $6 per dozen. After we had been in Ferrissi territory a couple of days my expert brethren held a council of war and called me down. They said the price 4 THE NAUTILUS. On should certainly be high as a dollar each. The next day they raised it to $3 and before we parted they said, taking the rarity and beauty of the shell and the difficulties of finding it all into consideration, the price should be $5 and railroad fare paid to the spot. Our experi- ence at Andrews would tend to lower this price, but Andrews is 23 miles from civilization, the miles are wild ones, and whoever starts out to hunt ferriss’ on speculation, I still believe will earn his money. 118. Poly. palliata (Say). Cade’s Cove, Russell Field, Chamber’s Creek, Tuskeegee Creek, Slick Rock Creek, Talassee Ford. 119d. Poly. appressa perigrapia (Pils.) all along the route. 121. Poly. clarki (Lea). General in deep coves but sparingly, 18mm. 123a. Poly. andrewse normalis n. var. (Pils.). Mr. Pilsbry has added two varieties to andrewse and some day there may be others. Those on Thunderhead (altivaga) approached the small, thin, green- ish, smoky type, but many are banded. They measure 22 to 24 diameter. The types I have from Roan Mountain are 20 to 23. Normalis finds its way to the lower altitudes, 1,000 ft., and appar- ently thrives as well as upon Mirey Ridge or Bobs Bald, and it is quite generally distributed—Cade’s, Welsh Bald, Chamber’s Creek, Tuskeegee, Yellow Creek, Slick Rock, Citico Creek and Talassee Ford. It has been white or russet colored so far, and the largest with the highest spires were found on Mirey Ridge at an elevation . of 4,500 and on Citico Creek at 3,000. The largest measures 40 mm. diameter, 25 altitude (Citico), 384 diameter, 24 altitude (Mirey). Usually 31 to 35 diameter, occasionally with a small tooth on parietal wall. Sociable and active. The best traveler in the range. 123b. Poly. andrewse altivaga (Pils.). n. var. Thunderhead, Mirey Ridge, Clingman’s Dome, Andrew’s Bald. We did not find this after leaving this range, and it was always at the mountain top or the nearest basswood and buckeye belt, under stones or moss. On Mirey Ridge only, it occupies the same territory with normalis, but not often found in the grass or in the open. Unless further divided its colors are white, greenish or smoky white, cherry red, and both colors sometimes banded with a darker red band as in profunda. Sometimes there is an additional line at the suture and some are half and half, dark above and light below. (Mirey, N. C. side.) 22 to THE NAUTILUS. 55 25 diam. Largest red colored forms were found on Andrews but our stay was short and we found but few. This variety is more often toothed than normalis. In some localities 43 per cent. had teeth on the parietal wall. About 5 are banded. On one slope of Mirey Ridge all were white, upon another all half and half, and upon another a fourth were red, the others white and banded. Upon ? Clingman and Andrews the choice ‘“rediis”’ were the most common. This variety furnishes the most entertainment and has caused more shouting and singing and expressions of joy and perplexity of any in the Smokies. 124. Poly. thyroides (Say). Welsh Bald, Chamber’s Creek, Tal- assee Ford. 125. Poly. clausa (Say). ‘Talassee Ford. 126. Poly. wheatleyi (Bld). All along the route in very damp situations. This is the most variable shell of this region. At Cade’s the meas- urements were 16to18 mm.diam. All dentate, all hirsute, large flar- ing lip and a few were albinos. The same measurements prevailed at Block House. On Clingman they dropped back to 13 and 14 diam. and some were not toothed or hirsute and quite globose, with narrow lip. At Welsh Bald we found part of both. At Tuskeegee and Cheowal all were small and only partially dentate or hirsute. Ascending Mt. Hayo, we again found the 13 mm. variety up the sides and at the top. Two miles further we found on Bobs Bald a large variety I first supposed to be ferrissi7. It was not hirsute but deeply sculptured and 2 or 3 were dentate. 23 mm, On our return to Cade’s in Brannon’s Cove, we again found the small globose form, the smallest being only 12 mm. 127. Poly. christyi (Bld.). Cade’s Cove, Tuskeegee Creek, Cheo- wah river, in flat ground near streams. 136a. Poly. edvardsi magnifumosa (Pils.). n. var. Welsh Bald, Chambers’ Creek, Tuskeegee Creek, Mt. Hayo, Glen Cove. Mr. Sargent also found this at Hayesville, N. C. 138. Poly. stenotrema (Fer.). Cade’s, Welsh Creek and south of Little Tennessee. At Chambers’ Creek south side of Little Tennes- see and at Talassee Ford we found it measuring 13 mm. 138b. Poly. depilata (Pils.). Cade’s, Thunderhead, Mirey Ridge, Clingman, Andrew’s Bald aud Bobs Bald. Under moss and stones. 139a. Poly. hirsuta pilula (Pils.). mn. var. Cade’s Cove and 56 THE NAUTII.US. Thunderhead only. Do not remember of ever finding the typical hirsuta in these mountains. 141c. Poly. monodon cincta (Lewis). Tuskeegee Creek, Yellow Creek, Mt. Hayo, Glen Cove, Talassee Ford. 180a. Strobilops labyrinthica strebeli (Ptr.). Cade’s Cove, Yel- low Creek Mountains. 187. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Cade’s Cove. 194. Bifidaria corticaria (Say). Cade’s Cove. 225. Vertigo gouldii (Bid.). Cade’s Cove. 226. Vertigo bollesiana(Morse). Cade’s Cove, These four species very rare. 235. Cochlicopa lubrica (Mull). Sugar Cove in Cade’s. One specimen by Sargent. 239. Circinaria coneava (Say). General. Largest 234 diam. 246a. Omphalina fuliginosa polita (Pils.). Cade’s Cove, Coon- town, Chambers’ Creek, Talassee Ford, At the two last named places on the Little Tennessee the shells were as light colored as the typical fuligimosa, but polished. There were no black forms at these points. 248. Omphalina levigata (Pfr.). Cade’s Cove, Cheowah river. Only a few found at the latter place and these were dark colored and as well polished nearly as Omp. Andrewse. Largest 20 mm. diam., 12 altitude. 248a. Omp. levigata perlevis (Pils.). n. var. Talassee Ford. 248b. Omphalina levigata latior (Pils.). n. var. This variety has given me trouble since I saw it on my first trip to Tennessee. It is much larger than type, much depressed and a light ‘* Melantho” blue in color. As I read shell music by ear, it has very little re- semblance to the typical form. The largest from Talassee Ford measured 28 diam., 10 altitude. Also found at Chambers’ Creek. 250, Omphalina subplana (Binn). All along the route in damp moss. On the Unakes the shells were very fragile, sometimes the shell was a mere membrane but large and healthy otherwise. It is as much of a cannibal as concava. Largest (Mt. Hayo) 24 diam., 10 altitude. 252. Omphalina andrewse (Vils.). All along the route. In Cade’s Cove there is a light colored form, faintly banded with darker color. Largest 18 mm. in diam. 16 is large. 252a. Omp. Andrewse montivaga (Pils.). Cade’s Cove, Mirey THE NAUTILUS. OD Ridge, Welsh Bald, Mt. Hayo. Largest 2( smallest diam. 253. Vitrinizonites latissimus (Lewis), Cade’s Cove, Block House, Thunderhead, Mirey Ridge, Siler’s Bald, Balsam, Clingman, An- drew’s Bald, Welsh Bald, Mt. Hayo, moss and stones. 2538a. Vitrinizonites latissimus uetdermts (Pils.). mn. var. Thun- derhead, Mirey Ridge, Clingman’s Dome. These two often asso- ciate with the above, but not always. It is more active in its habits. + greatest diam., 16 The elastic shell is so thin our specimens collapsed, and in fact the shell is worn indented and crushed in by its rightful owner. It is darker and larger than the type. The largest are 19 greatest diam. 263a. Vitrea petrophila pentadelphia (Pils.). n. var. Named after the five of us. At Cade’s Cove, Cheowah River and Bob’s Bald; found by mining. 270. Vitrea indentata (Say). Cade’s Cove. Greatest diam. 5 mm. 271. Vit. sculptilis (Bld.). At nearly all points high or low, but never abundant. It is one of the most beautiful of mountain shells, being a warm pink in color, but from improper handling, perhaps, this beautiful tint fades away. Largest 10 diam. Binney reports 121. 272. Vit. carolinensis (Ckll.). Generally distributed along the route, under rocks; a brigadier indentatus. Largest 84, found by Mr. Clapp on Mirey Ridge. 274. Vit. capsella (Gld). Cade’s Cove, Chambers’ Creek. 276. Vit. eapsella placentula (Shuttl.). Cade’s Cove. 278. Conulus chersinus (Say). Cade’s Cove, 3 in 1898. 283. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). As far as Tuskeegee river and again at Talassee Ford. 287. Z. patuloides (Pils.). Cade’s Cove, very sparingly. 295. Gastrodenta intertexta (Binn,). Cade’s Cove, Mirey Ridge, Welsh Bald, Chambers’ Creek, Yellow Creek Mts., Tallassee Ford. Largest 17 diam. Never plentiful, fond of poison hemlock ; some- times albino as all these mountain shells seem to be. 296. Gastro. acerra (Lewis). One of the common kind all along the road. It shows much variation without change of locality. My largest is 18 diam., 105 alt. Another of only 17 diam. is 134 in alt. 297. Gastro. demissa (Binn.). Cade’s Cove. 301. Gastro. gularis (Say). Common on the route. aa i) 8 THE NAUTILUS. 302. Gastro. suppressa (Say). Brannan’s Cove and Chestnut Flats in Cade’s Cove, Chambers’ Creek. 305. Gastro. elliott’ (Redf.). General but not plentiful. 306. Gastro. interna (Say). Welsh Bald and south of Little Tennessee, plentiful. 807. Gastro. significans (Bld). Cade’s Cove, Yellow Creek Mts. 309. Gastro. multidentata (Binn.). Talassee Ford, found one first trip. 310. Gastro, lamellidens (Pils.). Thunderhead Block House, Coontown, Mirey Ridge, Clingman, Cheowah River, Bobs Bald. 4mm. 310-1. Gastro. Clappi (Pils.) Thunderhead, Block House, Mirey Ridge, Clingman. 310-2. Gastro. Walkeri (Pils.). mn. sp. Cheowah river, Yellow Creek Mts., Talassee Ford. Diam. 29, altitude 1.45. The last five belong to the Taxeodonta group; the other member, andrewse, is found at Roan Mt., about 75 miles east of Clingman. 338. Pyramidula alternata (Say). Andrew’s Bald, Chambers’ Creek, Yellow Cr. Mts., Yellow Creek and Unaka range ; depressed and small, 18 mm. At Cade’s two were found of the Knoxville type, large, whorls round and epidermis crinkled. 25 mm. 3388b. Pyr. alternata costata (Lewis). Cade’s Cove and Thunder- head only. 20 mm. 342. Pyr. perspectiva (Say). Common, large and toothed. 10 mm. 346. Helicodiscus lineotus, Cade’s Cove, Mirey Ridge, Tuskeegee Mts., Bob’s Bald. 347. Helicodiscus jfimbriatus (Weth.). Talassee ford, two first trip. 348. Punetum Llandianum (Pils.). nn. sp. Found by Mr. Clapp, in 1898, on a tulip tree stump at Brannon’s in Cade’s Cove. These stumps beginning to decay, make fine feeding ground for little fellows. 362. Suecinea obliqua (Say). On the very top of Thunderhead, Mirey Ridge and Clingman. Gontobasis saffordi (Lea). Chambers’ Creek. Goniobasis proxima (Say). Welsh Bald branch. Tuskeegee Creek. Pleurocera trivittatum (Lea). Talassee Ford. THE NAUTILUS. 59 Pisidium roperi (Sterki). Welsh Bald. Between Knoxville and Cade’s Cove, 35 miles, the following are found, Poly, elevata, form cincta, Taylor; Poly. spinosa (Lea) ; Omphalina kopnodes (W. G. Bin.); Gastrodonta macilenta (Shuttl.) and Pyr, Bryant (Harper). A NEW PHILOMYCUS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Philomycus secretus n. sp. Length (in aleohol) 12 mm Mantle very dark grey, with numer- ous small black spots, best seen at the sides. Body pallid, sole whit- ish with an ochreous tint: ; Jaw light yellow, arched, with five strong ribs in the middle, nearly the outer thirds being ribless. ‘Teeth 9-11—13-1-13-11_9. The side cusps on both centrals and laterals are very small. Penis- sac as Binney describes for P. hemphilli. Hab.—Roan Mtn., Mitchell Co., North Carolina. (A. G. Weth- erby.) Mr. Wetherby sent me two specimens with these remarks: ‘A small slug found here which I am quite sure has never been de- scribed. It is never larger than these specimens; lives deep down in drifts of damp leaves, and never comes to the surface so far as my careful observation of it for the last ten years goes to show. It is ‘sluggish’ in its habits; about all it will do when brought to the light is to cautiously protrude its very short tentacles.” (Litt., March 22, 1899.) By its jaw characters, this resembles only P. hemphilli. From that, as described by Binney, it differs mainly in being only half the size. Mr. Wetherby knows both species, and states that the present animal is uniformly small ; further, although I was not able to make a satisfactory examination of the anatomy, the genital organs appear to be fully developed. ON SOME JAPANESE LAND SNAILS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. In a former paper on Japanese snails, I identified a species of Hulota from Ushika, proy. ‘Veshio, with the Helix leta of Gouid, but 60 THE NAUTILUS. that name being pre-occupied, I gave the new name Hulota gainesi to my specimens. Further study of the group with more material, and notes on the type specimen of deta, kindly supplied by Prof, Dall, shows that #. gainesi is perfectly distinct from /eta. I propose now to designate as #4. gudeana n. sp., a large greenish species, also from Ushika, Teshio prov., Hokkaido, which has some- what the aspect of Natalina caffra, and which differs trom E. ¢ gainest in the broader form, less plicate surface, and the peristome, which is barely everted outwardly, becoming expanded below and reflexed at the columella, whorls 6. Alt. 274, diam. 837 mm. . I regard Helix leta Gld. (not Pfr.) as a less-developed race of this species; and the name being pre-vccupied, I propose to call this Hakodate form Hulota qudeana hakodatensis. It is more fragile than gudeana, smaller, diam. about 26 mm., and yellowish- brown, with two brown bands above. Types of #. gainesi, H. gudeana and #. gq. hakodatensis are in the collection of the Academy. Figures of these several species and races will appear in the Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Eulota callizona dixoni n. var. Shell rather narrowly umbilicate, globose-pyramidal with high- conic spire, rather thin and smooth ; greenish-corneous, usually with a black brown peripheral band, a narrower subsutural band, and a large basal patch formed of the united basal band and umbilical patch. Aperture rounded-lunate, oblique, the lip broadly expanded, thickened within, reflexed below, purplish flesh colored, and at the terminations of the bands purple-black. Alt. 824, diam. 33 mm. Inga, prov. Hoki, in southwestern Hondo. Type no. 76268 coll. A. N.S. Phila. This form has hitherto been erroneously united to 4. callizona Crosse, or #. amalige Kobelt. The latter is probably nearest, its area of distribution lying chiefly northeast of that of déxont, while H. cal- lizona is undoubtedly the northern fringe, so to speak, of the amal@e stock, and came in all probability from the Hakone region. A small form before me from Hagi, Nagato Province, is clearly related genetically to a/xon?, and not referable to eallizona. GENERAL NOTES, Apropos of the note on Bathysciadium in the last number (p. 48), it might be well to state that Prof. Wilcox found Aem@a fragilis of New Zealand to be hermaphrodite, and exceptional specimens of another species haye also been stated to have both male and female reproductive organs. These facts render the case of Bathysciadium Jess exceptional. It is noteworthy that the deep-water limpets, like the Chitons, belong to the lowest groups in their respective orders. s tHe WN ATILUS. VoL. XIV. OCTOBER, 1900. No. 6. CATALOGUE OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHENACOLEPAS, PILSBRY. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Some years ago I compiled a list of the species of this genus with a view to writing a more complete monograph than that in the Man- ual of Conchology. Other work preventing this undertaking, I think it may prove useful to publish the mere list of species described up to 1900, with appropriate references, and the original localities. Most of the species were originally described as Seutellina, a pre- occupied name which I changed as above (NauTiuus V, p. 88, Dec., 1891). The arrangement of species in this list is chronological, and each is given under its original generic name. 1819. Patella galathea Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert., vi, pt. 1, p. 534; Delessert, Rec. de Coq., pl. 23, f. 10. 1834. Scutella crenulata Broderip, P. Z. S., 1834, p. 48. Chain Island, S. Pacific. See also P. Z. S., 1865, p. 197 (Formosa). 1846. Patella cinnamomea Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 151; U. S. Expl. Exped. Moll, p. 345. f. 449. New South Wales. 1852. Crepidula osculans C. B. Adams, Catal. Shells Panama, p. 234, Panama. 1854. Seutellina arabica Riippell, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll., i, p. 461 (nude name), iii, pl. 52, f. 6d. 1854, Scutellina ferruginea A. Adams, Genera i, 461 ; iii, pl. 52, f. 6, 6a = P. cinnamomea Gld., teste Angas, Smith and Brazier. 1854. Seutellina asperulata A. Ad., Genera i, 461 (nude name). = P. galathea (Lam.), teste E. A. Smith. 62 THE NAUTILUS. 1854. Seutellina costata A. Ad., Genera i, 461 (nude name) = P. galathea (Lam.), teste E. A. Smith. 1854. Scutellina elongata A. Ad., Genera i, 461 (nude name). 1854. Seutellina granulosa A. Ad., Genera i, 461 (nude name). 1854. Seutellina levicostalis A. Ad., Genera i, 461 (nude name). 1855. Seutellina navicelloides Carpenter, Mazat. Catal., p. 211: Mazatlan. = P. oseulans (C. B. Ad.), teste Carpenter, P. Z. S., 1863, p. 361. 1857. Aem@ea hamillei Fischer, Journ. de Conchyl., v, 1857, p. 277; 1872, p. 145, pl. 5, f. 6. Guadelupe, French West Indies. 1859. Seutellina unguiformis Gould, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., vii, 162. Kagosima, Japan. 1859. Scutellina scobinata Gould, t.¢., p. 162. Oosima, Japan. 1860. Seutellina cancellata Pease, P. Z. S., 1860, p. 487. Sand- wich Is. Mr. D. Thaanum has found this species at Hilo, Hawaii. 1868. Seutellina compressa Pease, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iv, 99. Tahiti. 1868. Scutellina granocostata Pease, t. ¢., p. 100. Hawaii. 1868. Seutellina aculeata Pease, t. ¢., p. 100. Hawaii. 1871. Seutellina pulchella Lischke, Mal. Blatter xviii, p. 41; Jap. Meeres-Conchyl. ii, p. 100, pl. 6, f. 20-23. Nagasaki, Japan. 1877. Sceutellina squamosa Garrett in Catal. Mus. Godeftroy, vi, p- 91, no. 11030, Viti Is., no description, probably = P. galathea Lam. 1882. Scutellina fischeri Rochebrune, Bull. Soc. Philomathique, 1881, p. 29; Nouv. Arch. du Mus. IV, 1881, p. 269, pl. 18, f. 9. Santiago, Cape Verde Is. 1890. Seutellina antillarum Shuttlw. in Dall, Blake Gastrop., p. 342, pl. 31, f. 10, 11. Key West, Fla. = Phenacolepas hamillei (Fischer), see Man. Conch. xiii, p. 36. 1899. Phenacolepas senta Hedley, Mem. Australian Museum, iii, pl. 7, p. 403, fig. 1 (March 9, 1899). Funafuti. 1899. Phenacolepas linguaviverre Melvill & Standen, Linn. Soe, Journ. Zool., xxvii, 179, pl. 10, f. 11. Torres Straits. Mr. E. A, Smith kindly examined the specimens in the British Museum, where the types of Adams’ undescribed species are pre- served, and writes that he regards S. elongata, granulosa and levi- costalis as well as arabica Rupp., as distinct species, but asperulata and costata are identical with galathea. CHE NAUTILUS. 63 There seem to be about 15 valid species, not counting Adams’ undescribed forms. The largest is Phenacolepas galathea Lam., of the South Pacific. LAND MOLLUSCA OF KENNEBUNKPORT, ME. BY GEORGE H. CLAPP. The collection was made during the months of July and August of this year. Most of the shells were found in the woods back of the “Casino”? and extending from there to the ocean. The timber is principally pine and spruce, with a few deciduous trees around the edge of the woods and in swampy places. The best collecting ground was in a small group of oaks and beeches at one corner of the woods, and it was here that Polygyra sayii and most of the Pupide were found. The only species found everywhere through the woods were Zonitoides arboreus and Pyramidula striatella. In no place were shells plentiful; it was a case of collecting one at a time, rarely two or three under the same stick or piece of bark. As the country rock is granite the molluscs probably get their lime from the marine shells and “ carapaces”’ of crabs (the common shore-crab, Cancer trroratus (?)) which are scattered all through the woods. I noted the following species: Mytilus edulis L., Modiola modiolus L., Mya arenaria L., Lunatia heros Say, Buccinum un- datum L. On wet days one or more mollusks would be found “ feeding” on nearly every dead shell. Polygyra albolabris appears to be particu- larly fond of the crab shells. The scarcity of some of the Pupide and other moisture-loving species may be accounted for by the fact that the season was very dry. The shells of P. albolabris were some- what darker than those found inland and are rather fragile, they range from 24 to 28 mm. greater diameter, altitude 14} to 19 mm. Polygyra sayii is also dark-colored and very thin; they range from 194 to 22 mm., greater diameter, altitude 11 to 14 mm. I am indebted to Dr. Pilsbry for identification of some of the minute species. 106. Polygyra sayit (Binn.), 7. 64 THE NAUTILUS. 109. Polygyra albolabris (Say), 17. 141. Polygyra monodon (Rack.), 10. 181. Strobilops virgo (Pils.), 124 (17 albino, the others reddish). 199. Bifidaria pentodon (Say), 9. 225. Vertigo gouldu (Binn.), 16. 260. Vitrea hammonis (Strom), 9. 264. Vitrea binneyana (Mse.), 13. 268. Vutrea ferrea (Mse.), 20. 278. Conulus fulvus (Mull.), 10. 2780. Conulus chersinus polygyratus (Pils.), 38. 283. Zonitoides orboreus (Say), 64. 293. Zonitoides exiguus (Stimp.), 30. 294. Zonitoides milium (Mse.), 6. 315. Agriolimax agrestis (L.), 2. 333. Philomycus carolinensis (Bose.), 2. 334. Philomycus dorsalis (Binn.), 7. 344, Pyramidula striatella (Anth.), 40. 346. Helicodiscus lineatus (Say), 37. 348. Punctum pygmeum (Drap.), 4. 362. Suecinea obliqua (Say), 7. 367. Succinea avara (Say), 1. Carychium exiguum (Say), 17. The following species occurred in the mud in places that would be swamps under favorable conditions. Pisidvum abditum Hald., 30. Limnea caperata Say, 11. While out driving one day, I stopped on Mt. Agamenticus, Me., for about twenty minutes, and got the following on the eastern side near the base: Strobilops virgo Pils., 4. Pupa pentodon Say, 1. Vertigo bollesiana Mse., 1. Conulus fulvus Mull., 2. Zonitoides arboreus Say, 1. Philomycus carolinensis (Bose.), 1. Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 9, 1900. THE NAUTILUS. 65 A NEW SPECIES OF CERION. BY W. H. DALL. Mr. J. A. Stevenson, of Palm Beach, Florida, recently collected a number of land shells in the Bahamas, adding several species already known from other localities but not from Nassau, to the Bahaman fauna. Among those obtained from Long or Berry Island, was a form of Cerion which appears to be undescribed and is related to the group of C. scalarinum Pfr., called Umbonis by Maynard. Cerion Stevensoni n. sp. Shell very variable in general form, but in general roughly cylin- drical, with the nuclear whorls as it were jammed down into the blunt summit of the cylinder, with the base carinate at the periphery, where the ribs cease, and below that constricted; whorls 8-10, nuclear ones nearly smooth, gradually developing fine transverse ribbing with subequal interspaces; these become stronger, with a strong revolving thread behind the suture; at the third whorl then the diameter of the shell suddenly increases the sides develop strong transverse rather irregular ribbing with wider interspaces, the ribs extending from the suture to the basal keel, beyond which they rarely extend; the base beyond the keel is constricted, rudely trans- versely wrinkled, inside the verge of the umbilicus centrifugally im- pressed and axially deeply perforate; aperture very variable in shape, with a broad, flattish, rather thin reflected margin ; there is a parietal short lamina centrally situated and strong, but no trace of an axial fold; color light brownish or ashy to white, the whole surface sharply spirally striated, the striae sometimes crowded, sometimes distant. Alt. of two specimens, A, 27; B, 21; diam. A, 12; B, 14.5 mm. Types, U. S. Nat. Museum; specimens in Stearns’ collection, De- troit, Mich,, and Mr. Stevenson’s collection. The entire absence of the axial fold is notable. VALLONIA PULCHELLA MULL., IN LOS ANGELES AND ELSEWHERE IN CALIFORNIA, ETC. BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS. For several months past, I have been making a careful search for slugs, in the interest of Dr. Pilsbry, with poor results, as these ani- 66 THE NAUTILUS. mals, for some reason, are of rare ocgurrence on my grounds; neither my own nor those of my immediate neighbors containing any. About the middle of last August, I made my regular examination of certain bricks, bats and pieces of wood, that have been turned over for the hundredth time, with the usual experience in the way of slugs, but had my reward by finding, to my great surprise, a large number, over a hundred, of Vallonia pulchella. This species has not before been reported as occurring in Los Angeles or elsewhere in this re- gion. Many species and some varieties of the general Vallonia form have been made by Dr. Sterki and others, based on the American aspects of this genus. Dr. Pilsbry, referring to the examples sent to him from my premises, says it is our “old friend pure and simple,” and further remarks that ‘‘ Curiously we did not find it in the Great Smokies, but Ashmun gets some costate forms (not pulchella) in 9? Arizona and New Mexico.”’ Raymond obtained one specimen of the var. costata in Bloody Canyon, east side of Mono Pass, at an altitude of about 8000 feet, in 1889. Mr. R. C. McGregor,’ collected V. pulchella “in a yard at base of rose bushes,”’ at Redding, in Shasta county. In Dr. Cooper’s catalogue of West North American shells, he gives the distribution as ‘* circumboreal,”’ south to Mono county, Cal., and subsequently, ‘* Donner Lake, and near Truckee,” in the Cali- fornia Sierras. Mr. Button informs me that he found it plentiful some years ago in Mountain View Cemetery, near Oakland ; that specimens from that locality “are light-colored, living on white mar- Mr. Hemphill states that he has ‘‘ found V. pulchella at Julian City, San Diego Co., and at several other places in Cali- fornia, Oregon and Washington.” The late A. W. Crawford, ac- ble copings.” cording to Mr. Raymond, collected it at “San Jose,” in Santa Clara county. It will be seen by the above that this pretty little snail is quite widely dispersed in California, as well as elsewhere in the Pacific States. In Pilsbry and Johnson’s list? of American Land Shells, etc., it is credited to “* Montana eastward, from Canada to, or nearly to, the Gulf of Mexico. Europe.” 1See Navuritus, XII, Sept., 1898, p. 60, and Mrs. Williamson in same for Oct., 1898, pp. 71-2. 2 Philadelphia, April, 1889, p. 7. THE NAUTILUS. 67 _ The esthetic taste exhibited by Vallonia pulchella is noteworthy ; from under the Roses of Shasta county in the north, to the Verbena beds of Los Angeles in the south, and among the marbles of Moun- tain View, in Alameda county, suggests a refinement of discrimina- tion in this ‘ mere atom of humble life,” that would furnish a good text for a sermon. Mr. Button, in his note to me referring to the cemetery habitat, writes, ‘‘ Query—Brought from the East in plants?*’ As to the occurrence of V. pulchella in my grounds, I am wholly at sea, for no plant forms, from the neighborhood or elsewhere, have been intro- duced by me for a long time, and these little snails have appeared in numbers, within six weeks. In considering the hypsometric distribution, the altitude of Donner Lake is, according to Gannett,’ from whom these various elevations are quoted, 6095 feet; Truckee 5820 and Redding 555 feet; Julian 4500 and Los Angeles about 500 feet, while the Mountain View Cemetery grounds are probably slightly less than the Los Angeles figure. fos Angeles, California, Sept. 12, 1900. AN HOUR ON THE GREAT RAFT. BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON. While the readers of NauTiLus are waiting to hear of the results of the exploration of the Great Smokies by Ferriss, Walker & Co., perhaps they would like to hear about a trip to the Great Raft of the Red River. This raft of logs was at one time 150 miles long, but it has long since been removed from the main river. There still remains in an arm of the river about five miles of the oid raft. This raft is not continuous, but consists of separate pieces from a mile long down to fifty yards. These logs are in some places only one log deep, 7. e., the surface of the water is covered by a single layer of logs. In other places, however, the river is completely filled with a solid mass of logs from ten to fifteen feet deep. These logs are covered 1 Dict. of Altitudes in the U. S., 3d Ed., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1899. 68 — THE NAUTILUS. with a mass of vegetation consisting of smart-weed, various species of sedges, grasses and bushes. Near the water, on a zone of about two inches wide, which is permanently wet, may be found two minute snails: Vertigo rugosula Sterki and V. ovata Say. On the tops of old and large logs there is frequently a deposit of earth, which sup- ports a colony of land shells. Among these may be found Polygyra thyroides and its variety bueculenta, Polygyra monodon var. friersont Pilsbry. Rarely may be obtained Polygyra carolinensis Lea. Roaming about on the legs may be found colonies of Succinea of a black color. That is to say, the animal itself is black, covered with small golden-colored spots, making a handsome animal. These Suezineas would be found here in untold numbers, probably, were it not for two enemies who derive a considerable part of their living from them. One of these enemies is the whole Heron family, and the other is the frog family. Between the heron and frogs the Sue- cineas have a poor chance. As before remarked, bunches of various sedges grow on these logs. These sedges grow in bunches about two feet high and about one foot in diameter. Hidden in these bunches, down near the roots, may be found another species of Suecinea. These are of a straw- yellow color. Between these and the blacks are several points of difference. The blacks live on the logs, the yellow ones live on the tussocks of sedges. Here is a nut for the evolutionist. Is the straw- colored snail colored like straw because it lives on straw ? or does it live on straw because it is straw-colored? Another point is that the straw-colored snail (who is nearly always hidden in the bunches of grass) is sweet tasted, or at any rate 1s not nauseous; while the blacks who roam about considerably have quite a pronounced bitter taste. Both of these snails have been called S. salleana, but being sure that there were two species, they were submitted to Dr, H. A. Pilsbry, with the result that the blacks are Succinea luteola Gid., while the yellow fellows are Succinea salleana Pfr. Out in the water, among the floating roots of the duck weeds, ete., may be found Planorbis trivolvis Say, and a minute Limnea. This Limnea is the only representative of its tribe thus farseen in North- ern La. No specimen over one fourth of an inch long has ever been secured. It is labelled LZ. caperata Say, but with a good deal of doubt. More about this raft and its inhabitants could be written, but hot / THE NAUTILUS. 69 Gracious, how the perspiration rolls off a fellow! Down between the banks, with an August sun overhead, and the steam arising from the rank vegetation, and the sun’s rays reflected from the water, we thought of Ferriss digging snails on the mountain tops, and we quit, but we had at least 100 Suceineas. SHELL COLLECTING NEAR ROCHESTER, N. Y. BY FRANK C. BAKER. For the past five years the writer has made annual pilgrimages to Rochester, New York, partly to spend his summer vacation, and partly to get better acquainted with tne mollusks which flourish about the “ Flower City.” The vicinity of Rochester is peculiarly adapted for molluscan life, owing to the fact that the Niagara limestone out-crops in various places, affording an abundance of lime for the secretion of their shells, which are, therefore, large and fine. The Eskers known as the Pinnacle and Cobb’s Hill, are my favorite localities, and many fine species have been collected. The former locality is a rounded, dome-shaped hill some 200 feet in height, the slope being from 10 to 80 degrees, well wooded on its summit, with a little ravine between the main hill and a small knoll, and littered by fallen, rotting logs and dead leaves. Helices are here very abundant, such forms as Vitrea arborea, V. indentata, Omphalina Suliginosa, Gastrodonta intertexta, Pyramidula alternata, P. striatella, Polygyra albolabris, P. sayvi (rare), P. monodon, P. tridentata (many varieties), and Cochlicopa lubrica being readily collected. Cobb’s Hill, just across Monroe avenue, yields about the same fauna. Ata point in the Erie Canal where the waters widen to form a > the fresh water mollusks are pond, hence called ‘ wide-waters,’ numerous, and such species as Limnea stagnalis (large and fine), L. palustris, L. catascopium, L. desidiosa, Planorbis trivolvis, Physa heterostropha, Pleurocera subulare, Goniobasis livescens, Bythinia 'P ey tentaculata, Valvata sincera, and V. tricarinata are common. Between b Rochester and Pittsford, in the canal, a colony of Vivipara contec- totdes has established itself, and a large number of fine specimens ) a I may be gathered at any time. When the water is drained from the 70 THE NAUTILUS. canal in the spring, it is a fine place for unios, such species as Anodonta salmonia, A. benedictii, Alasmodonta marginata, A. del- toidea, Unio gibbosus, Anodontopsis ferussacianus, Quadrula plicata, Q. undulata, Lampsilis gracilis, iris, nasutus, luteolus, ventricosus, rectus, alatus, and cartosus being found in great abundance and beauty ; the bottom is covered knee-deep with black mud, affording a fine retreat for the mussels. The Genessee River, both above and below the falls, affords good collecting, the unios being abundant above and the gastropods below the falls. The characteristic species above the falls are Alasmodonta marginata, A. rugosa, A. pressa, Quadrula rubiginosa, Lampsilis tris, L. luteolus, L. alatus, Spherium simile, S. stamineum, S. trans- versum, Limnea palustris, Planorbis trivolvis, Physa heterostropha, Goniobasis livescens and OCampeloma decisum, while those below are Spherium transversum, Limnea catascopium, Planorbis trivolvis, Physa heterostropha, and Bythinia tentaculata. Both the east and west banks of the Genessee River below the falls are good localities for mollusks, about the same species being found as on the Pinnacle, with the addition of Pupa muscorum, Circinaria concava, Vallonia pulchella, V. costata, Polygyra thyrotdes, P. hirsuta and P. palliata. The wooded banks of Seneca Park afford good retreats for mollusks, and they may be found here in great abundance. One of the pleasantest trips near Rochester is to Irondequoit Bay, an inlet from Lake Ontario, five miles long and about one in breadth. The hills about are from 100 to 200 feet high, and the water has a maximum depth of 80 feet.. Mollusks are correspondingly numerous : Spharium simile, S. transversum, Succinea ovalis, Limnea palustris, L. desidiosa, Planorbis campanulatus, P. trirolvis, P. bicarinatus, P. deflectus, P. parvus, Segmentina armigera, Ancylus tardus, Physa heterostropha, Pleurocera subulare, Goniobasis semicarinata, Bythinia tentaculata, Amnicola lustrica, Valvata sincera and V. tricarinata are found in great abundance along the shore or living on the lily pads. The wooded banks yield the common helices in great abundance. The best fresh-water beach collecting which the writer has ever experienced is to be found at Charlotte and Summerville, on Lake Ontario, the former on the west and the latter on the east side of the mouth of the Genessee River. There is always a line of ‘ sea- wrack ” which is alive with fresh-water mollusks. Here we have THE NAUTILUS. 71 always collected Lampsilis luteolus, Spherium simile, S. stamineum, S. fabale, Pisidium abditium, P. bakeri (= P. amnicum Miill., teste Sterki), Limnea palustris, L. desidiosa, Planorbis campanulatus, P. trivolvis, P. bicarinatus, P. deflectus, P. parvus, Ancylus parallelus, Physa heterostropha, Pleurocera subulare, Bythinia tentaculata, Amnt_ cola limosa, A. lustrica, A. obtusa, A. cincinnatiensis, Gillia altilis, Somatogyrus subglobosus, Valvata sincera, V. tricar‘nata and V. obtusa. Pisidium bakeri Pilsbry has been found in great abundance at Summerville, where specimens nearly a quarter of an inch in length have been collected. Valvata obtusa Dray. was found at both Charlotte and Summerville in 1899 fully as abundant as V. sincera! This species was reported from this country for the first time in 1897, when but a few specimens were obtained. In the interval between that time and August, 1899, it had increased a hundred fold. It is probable that many introduced species will be found in our Great Lakes if the shore debris be carefully searched. The localities mentioned above have yielded altogether 150 species, many of which may be found here in as great abundance and perfec- tion as at any locality in the northern part of the United States. NOTES AND NEWS. A New AMERICAN StuG.—Dr. J. F. Babor has described an in- teresting new form, Ariolimax steindachnert, from a specimen col- lected by F. Steindachner on Puget Sound, in 1874.’ It is large, length 80 mm., breadth 19, height 21 mm., about the size of Arvo- limax columbianus, and differs externally from that species in having the well developed tail pore an open slit, as in Hesperar/on, not plugged as in the other Ariolimaces. The teeth are as in A. califor nicus. The genitalia lie free, the ovotestis anterior, at the stomach. The penis contains a large papilla but is otherwise hollow, much as in Hesperarion. ‘There is no appendiculum, and no‘ retensor ” muscle, but a vaginal retractor is developed. The species is clearly intermediate to some extent between Hes- perarion and Ariolimax, and may indicate that the former group 1 Annaien des K. K. Naturhist. Hofmuseums, xv, 1900, p. 95. ie THE NAUTILUS. should be reduced to the rank of a subgenus. Zodlogists who have opportunity to collect in the Puget Sound region should be on the lookout for this slug, for it is important that its anatomical characters be confirmed by additional specimens, as only one was examined by Dr. Babor. It can probably be recognized externally by the dif- ferent tail pore. It has not been figured. Norr on ASHMUNELLA HYPORHYSSA (Ckll.).—I have recently visited Cloudcroft, in the Sacramento Mts., N. M., and found hypo- rhyssa excessively abundant, under pine logs and pieces of pine bark upon the ground. The Cloudcroft form differs from the type of hyporhyssa (rhyssa var.) in uniformly lacking the parietal tooth, but otherwise the shell seems quite the same. It may be called var. edentata. There are three color-mutations, as follows: (1) Edentata proper; shell horn-color or pale greyish-brown. The commonest form. (2) Rufescens, n. mut.; shell deep ferruginous or chestnut color, lip tinged with pink. Quite common. Analogous to the mut. rubens of Hygromia rufescens. (3) Alba, n. mut.; shell creamy white. Rare, only three or four found. The first albino reported in Ashmunella—T. D. A. Cock- ERELL, CrrcinartA HempHILLi IN CAaLirornta.—I have specimens of Cireinaria hemphilli from Central California, as follows : 1. Mission Peak, near eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. 2. Forest Hill, Placer Co., in Sierra Nevada Mts., west slope, 3,700 ft, alt. I think this species has not heretofore been reported from further south than Oregon.—FreEp L. Burron. HeLix HORTENSIS IN NewrouNDLAND.—A friend has just brought me a living example of H. hortensis (12345) from the ‘* headwaters of Robinson’s River,”’ west coast of Newfoundland, and promises a lot of them next year. Isn’t this a new locality ?—G. H.« CLAPP. (Tae NBUTILUS. Von. XIV. NOVEMBER, 1900. INiOn iz LAND SNAILS OF CAPE MAY, NEW JERSEY. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The littoral of Southern New Jersey is perhaps as unpromising collecting ground for the land shell hunter as can be found in the Eastern States. The general physical features of the region are well known, now that the whole coast has become a great summer play- ground; but it may be said that the land snails are nearly or entirely confined to the occasional patches and strips of cedar scrub on the islands and along the shore, usually within a couple of hundred yards of the beach, and often separated from it by a narrow strip of shifting sand dunes. Between these littoral cedar groves and the mainland proper, wide stretches of salt marsh intervene, intersected by inlets, and inhabited by myriads of Melampus lineatus, Litorina trrorata and Modiola plicatula. Such situations occur at frequent intervals from Atlantic City to Cape May. At the latter place the salt marshes are reduced to a minimum; but in common with the more northern localities, the shore strip is insulated, so far as the land snail fauna is concerned, by the pine belt of the interior. There are, however, many deciduous trees and a rich soil at Cape May, while at the more northern locali- ties the deciduous trees are wanting, except where imported, and the dark soil is a mere film over nearly pure sand. The snails are everywhere, so far as my own experience goes, con- fined to the cedar groves. At Cape May Point there is a dense growth of cedar, oak, dwarf plum, bay, with more or less holly and prickly pears. It need not be mentioned to a New Jersey naturalist 74 THE NAUTILUS. that in these choice retreats mosquitoes are abundant. The New Jersey mosquito, like Napoleon’s famous Old Guard, dies, but never surrenders. You wipe him off, and the gore flows freely. Here were found Polygyra albolabris maritima, Bifidaria hordeacella, B. pento- don, Vertigo milium, Zonitoides arboreus, Agriolimax campestris and Suecinea campestris vagans. Only one specimen each of the Zoni- toides and Agriolimax were found. An additional species, Zonztotdes minusculus, occurred a few miles further northwest. In Cape May city, on mounds around the tanks at the gas works at 703 Lafayette street, I found Vallonia pulchella and Pupoides mar- ginatus quite abundant. These may possibly be imported species, as nothing of them was seen except in the old and long settled part of town. The most remarkable records are Bifidaria hordeacella, a species of the Gulf States, hitherto not known north of the Georgia Sea Islands, and the very distinct variety of Sweeinea, which may be de- fined thus: Succinea campestris vagans, n. v. Shell similar to S. campestris in the wrinkled surface and very convex last whorl, but smaller, with only 23 whorls in fully mature specimens, the aperture shorter and less ovate, and the color a rather pale olive-green, translucent, with scarcely any whitish layer within ; surface rather dull. Length 9, diam. 6.5, longest axis of aperture 6.2 mm. Length 7.6, diam. 5.6, longest axis of aperture 5.4 mm. Cape May Point, N. J. (H. A. P., August, 1898.) Types No. 78,882, coll. A. N.S. I cannot refer the specimens to any Northern species. They are nearer S. campestris, which extends from the Georgia coast, through- out Florida, and west to the mouth of the Mississippi, the western specimens being the thin, smooth and glossy variety wxicolor of Tryon, Some years ago, Mr. W. B. Marshall reported Suceinea avara from Cape May. ‘* The exact locality was on the ocean front at 8th avenue, Mt. Vernon, between Cape May City and Cape May Point, 991 and was not more than 200 fet from the line of high tide. Some of these specimens are now before me, and seem referable to S. aurea Lea rather than to avara; though it must be acknowledged that the 1Nauritus, VI, p. 19, June, 1892. THE NAUTILUS. io determination of Succineas is often far from certain. Similar shells were sent by Mr. C. Le Roy Wheeler, also from Cape May, exact locality not given. My collection was made in August, 1898. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHERN KENTUCKY.’ BY SADIE F. PRICE. While engaged in botanical work, I have collected the following land and fresh-water shells, most of them in Warren county : Polygyra plicata Say. Polygyra divesta Gld. Scarce. Probably the first time this spe- cies has been listed so far east or north. Bowling Green. Polygyra troostiana Lea. Polygyra monodon Rack. Polygyra palliata Say. Warren, Barren and Edmonson counties, and East Kentucky at Burnside. Polygyra appressa Say. Common, Warren and Edmonson coun- ties. Polygyra inflecta Say. Common, Warren, Barren and Edmonson counties. Polygyra rugeli Shuttl. Bowling Green, Polygyra tridentata Say. Common, Warren, Edmonson and Bar- ren counties. Polygyra obstricta Say. Not common. Under rotten logs. War- ren and Barren counties. Polygyra albolabris Say. Warren, Barren and Edmonson counties. Polygyra elevata Say. Common throughout South Kentucky. Polygyra exoleta Binn. Very common. Polygyra clausa Say. Polygyra thyroides Say. Very abundant. Polygyra thyroides bucculentus Gld. Bowling Green, Polygyra downieana Bld. Rare. Warren and Edmonsen counties. Polygyra profunda Say. Scarce. Edmonson county. Polygyra stenotrema Fér. 1T am indebted to Mr. C. T. Simpson, National Museum, for naming doubtful Unios. 76 THE NAUTILUS. Vallonia pulchella Mull. Rather common. Bowling Green. Pyramidula perepectiva Say. Rather common throughout South- ern Kentucky. Also found at Torrent, East Kentucky Mountain. Pyramidula bryanti Harper. Only one specimen found. This Mr. Simpson says is considerably out of its usual range. Pyramidula alternata Say. Barren, Edmonson and Warren coun- ties, East Kentucky in the mountains. Pyramidula alternata carinata Pils. Rather common. Green. Pyramidula alternata mordax Binney. Not common. Green. Strobila labyrinthica Say. Bowling Green. Pupoides marginatus Say. Bifidaria contracta Say. Bifidaria armifera Say. Bifidaria procera Gould. Circinaria concava Say. Bowling Green, Brownsville. Vitrea indentata Say. Warren county. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Warren county. Vitrea sculptilis Bld. . : Bowling Bowling Omphalina levigata Pfr. Warren and Edmonson counties. Gastrodonta ligera Say. Throughout southern Kentucky. Gastrodonta acerra Lewis. Barren county. Gastrodonta demissa Binn. Common. Gastrodonta interna Say. Southern Kentucky and in tains of East Kentucky. Bulimulus dealbatus Say. Common on rocky hillsides. Green. Succinea avara Say. Suecinea ovalis Gld. Succinea tottentana Lea (?). On ferns in sink-hole. Green. FHeliodiscus lineatus Say. Bowling Green. FHelicina orbiculata Say. the moun- Bowling Bowling Limnea humilis Say. Near Green and Barren rivers, under damp moss. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Rather common. Planorbis trivolvis Say. In ponds. Common. Planorbis parvus Say. On rocks in pounds. THE NAUTILUS. 77 Ancylus rivularis Say. In ponds and rivers. Physa gyrina Say. In springs and creeks throughout southern Kentucky and at Lexington. Physa pomilia Con. In ponds. Not uncommon. Physa heterostropha Say. Barren River. Physa heterostropha, var. Creeks. Campeloma obesum Lewis (?). Barren River. Campeloma integrum Say. Barren River. Campeloma ponderosum Say. Common. Lioplax subcarinata Say. Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say. Bank of Barren River. Pleurocera filum Lea. Very common. Pleurocera sycamorense Lea. Pleurocera undulatum Say. Lithasia planispira Anthony. Lithasia nuclea Lea. Lithasia undosa Auth. Lithasia obovata Say. Goniobasis curvilabris Auth. Goniobasis curvilabris, var. Rather common. Gonitobasis abreviata Lea. Goniobasis curreyana Lea. Common. Goniobasis costifera Hald. Green and Barren Rivers. Goniobasis costifera, var. Goniobasis vicina Anth. Warren county. Goniobasis athleta Anth. Barren county. Goniobasis depygis Say. Goniobasis nassula Con. var. Indian Creek. Goniobasis intantulum Lea. Goniobasis saffordii Lea. Indian Creek. Goniobasis edgariana Lea. Creeks. Goniobasis elegantula Anth. Barren River. Goniobasis paupercula Lea. UNIONID#. Quadrula undulata Barnes. Common in all streams. Quadrula trigona Lea. Common. Quadrula rubiginosa Lea. Quadrula pyramidata Lea. 78 THE NAUTILUS. Quadrula coccinea Con. Quadrula pustulosa Lea. Very common. Quadrula obliqua Lam. Quadrula verrucosa Barnes. Quadrula globata Lea. Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. Quadrula plicuta Say. Quadrula cooperiana Lea. Quadrula heros Say. Barren county. Quadrula metanerva Rat. Quadrula cylindrica Say, Quadrula solida Lea. ; Plagiola elegans Lea. Plagiola securis Lea. Plagiola donaciformis Lea. Lampsilis ventricosus Bar. Barren River. Lampsilis multiradiatus Lea. Lampsilis igamentinus Lam. Very common. Lampsilis ligamentinus Lam. var. Lampsilis gracilis Barnes. Lampsilis anodontoides Lea. Ohio, Green and Barren Rivers. Lampsilis rectus Lam. Lampsilis cumberlandicus Lea. Lampsilis luteolus Lam. L. lienosus Con. Lampsilis texasensis Lea. Lampsilis ovatus Say. L. obseurus Lea. Lampsilis regularis Lea. Lampsilis alatus Lea. Common. Lampsilis iris Lea. Lampsilis perdix Lea. Lampsilis subrostratus Say. Lampsilis planicostatus Lea. Lampsilis parvus Barnes. © Lampsilis caliginosus Con. Lampsilis vanuxumensis Lea. Lampsilis nigerrimus Lea. Lampsilis fatuus Lea. Unio grandiferus Lea. Rather common. Unio gibbosus Barnes. Both the purple and salmon-colored forms are found in all streams. CHE NAUTILUS. 79 Obliquaria reflera Raf. Common. Obliquaria lens Lea. Ptychobranchus phaseolus Hild. Strophitus edentulus Say. Truncilla perplexa Lea. Truncilla perplexa rangiana Lea. Truncilla triquetra Raf. Pleurobema clara Lam. Pleurobema esopus Green. Pleurchema edgariana Lea. Obovaria circulus Lea. Tritigonia verrucosa Raf. U. tuherculatus Barnes. Cyprogenia trrorata Lea. Common. Micromya lapillus Lea. Alasmodonta rugosa Barnes. Common. Alasmodonta deltoidea Lea. Alasmodonta minor Lea. Gasper River. Alasmodonta truncata (Say) Wright. Anadontoides ferussacianus Lea. Anodonta imbecilis Say. Rivers and ponds near rivers. Anodonta grandis Lea. Anodonta grandis gigantea Lea. Spherium sulcatum Lam. Spherium fabale Prime. River and creeks. Calyculina partumeia Say. Calyculina transversa Say. Pisidium virginicum Gm. Rivers and ponds. Pisidium peraltum Sterki. Ponds. NEW SPECIES OF JAPANESE LAND MOLLUSCA. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Eulota (Plectotropis) kiusiuensis n. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, depressed, acutely carinate, light yellow- ish brown, slightly shining. Surface densely but lightly striate spirally, under a thin cuticle which bears rather wide-spaced, irregu- larly developed lamellz ending in short shreds at the periphery, the 80 THE NAUTILUS. lamelle frequently interrupted on the base. Spire very low-conic ; whorls barely 6, slightly convex, slowly increasing, the Jast a little pinched above and below the peripheral keel. Base much more convex than the spire, flattened and sloping below the keel, swollen towards the middle, obtusely angular around the conic umbilicus. Aperture oblique, irregularly squarish, the peristome white, some- what thickened within, angular at the terminations of the peripheral and umbilical carine, the upper margin hardly expanded, basal margin expanded, somewhat reflxed, columellar margin a little dilated. Alt. 8.5, diam. 17.5 mm. Alt. 8.5, diam. 17 mm. Kikai, Osumi, in southern Kiusiu (Mr. Y. Hirase). This species is closely related to E. trochula (A. Ad.), known only from Tsusima, differing from that species in the much more angular aperture, far flatter spire and more convex base. Trishoplita goodwini var. suprazonata n. var. Shell similar in form to 7. goodwini, but with apex obtuse ; thin, somewhat translucent, corneous-brown, paler around the umbilicus, and with a wide white zone bordering the suture, ascending the spire. Whorls 53. Alt. 9.5, diam. 13.5 mm. Ushirokawa, Tosa, Shikoku Island (Mr. Y. Hirase). A smaller form, alt. 8.5, diam. 11.5 mm., occurs at Kagoshima, Satsuma, in southern Kiusiu. This variety is more conic than the variety fusca of Gude, which is moreover smaller and without the whitish band above. Kaliella symmetrica n. sp. Shell minutely perforate, turreted-pyramidal, the spire with convex lateral outlines and blunt, rounded apex; yellowish-corneous ; sharply striated above with excessively fine, densely crowded longi- tudinal striw, which give it the luster of silk, the base glossy, show- ing faint, spaced spiral lines under a high magnification. Whorls 55, very convex, the last obsoletely subangular at the periphery, moderately convex beneath, impressed around the perforation. Aper- ture basal, rather narrow, curved, shaped like the middle third of a crescent with the ends cut off; outer and basal margins of the peri- stome acute and simple, the columella vertical, its edge triangularly reflexed, Alt. 2.1, diam. 2 mm. Kashima, Harima (Mr. Y. Hirase). THE NAUTILUS. 81 This species somewhat resembles Hyalina pustulina Reinhardt, but it is proportionately higher, smaller, the last whorl less enlarged, the spire being more prominent ; consequently the aperture issmaller. I would consider this shell an Huconulus were it not so closely allied to the following species, which I do not doubt is a Kaliella. Half- grown specimens are still only obtusely angular at the periphery. Kaliella fraterna n. sp. Shell similar to K. symmetrica, except that it has an acute, pro- jecting, thread-like peripheral keel, like that of KK. labilis (Gld.), ex- tending undiminished to the aperture. Kashima, Harima, with K. symmetrica (Mr. Y. Hirase). Euconulus Reinhardti n. sp. Shell globose-conic, perforate, fragile, pale corneous yellow; glossy, with sparse rather conspicuous oblique growth-wrinkles and extremely fine subobsolete, crowded spiral striz. Spire elevated, the apex rather acute. Whorls 53, quite convex, separated by deeply impressed sutures, the last whorl large, subglobose, rounded at the periphery, but showing the almost obsolete trace of a peri- pheral angle; base strongly convex, slightly impressed around the narrowly perforate axis. Aperture somewhat oblique, roundly lunate, the peristome thin, very fragile, simple, the columellar margin rather broadly dilated above. Alt. 3.9, diam. 3.7 mm. Kashima, Harima (Mr. Y. Hirase). A globose-conic species which I first thought to identify with H. pupula Gould ; but it differs from that insufficiently defined species in the rounded last whorl and various other characters. It has been shown that the name Conulus is preoccupied in Mol- lusca by Rafinesque, who proposed that name for the genus Conus. This will prevent its use for the common Helix fulva of Miller, and various European authors have now abandoned Conulus in favor of Arnouldia of Bourguignat. It has apparently escaped the notice of these gentlemen that Euconulus of Reinhardt was proposed for the fulvus group some seven years before Bourguignat’s publication. The genus will therefore stand thus: Evconu tus Reinh. Conulus Fitz., 1833, not of Rafinesque, 1814. Euconulus Reinhardt, Sitzungs-berichte Ges. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1888, p. 86 CE. fulvus and praticola). 82 THE NAUTILUS. Arnouldia Bet., Bull. Soc. Mal. France, VII, 1890, p. 828. It is doubtful whether any Japanese species really belong to Euconulus. Most of them have all the shell characters of Kadliella, a genus abundantly developed in India, China and indeed the whole Orient. Reinhardt’s Japanese ‘* Trochoconulus”’ I refer to Kaliella. His ** Diseoconulus,” judging from sinapidium, the only species I have seen, might belong to Vitrea. Arnouldia nahaénsis of Gude is a Kaliella. Punctum japonicum n. sp. Shell minute, openly and rather widely umbilicate, depressed, thin. light brown. Spire convex, low ; whorls 34, quite convex, separated by deeply impressed sutures, regularly and rather slowly increasing ; last whorl tubular, rounded at the periphery. Sculpture of delicate spaced, irregular lamellar riblets, the intervals sharply finely striated, and with close spiral strie. Width of the umbilicus is contained about 33 times in the diameter of the shell, all the whorls readily visible within it. Aperture rounded-lunate, oblique, the peristome simple and acute. Alt. 0.7, diam. 1.25, width of umbilicus 0.87 mm. Kashima, Harima (Mr. Y. Hirase). The only other known Japanese species of Punctwm is ‘* Helix (Patula) lepta”’ of Westerlund, described from Nagasaki. It has a much narrower umbilicus than P. japonicum, the last whorl is sub- angular above, and it is described as with dense riblets. NEW RECORDS OF NEW MEXICAN SNAILS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. August 25th last, Professor T. D. A. Cockerell collected a few snails *¢in Chicorico Canon, near Raton, New Mexico, This is in the region of Quercus gambeli and Robinia neomexicana, at an eleva- tion of about 7000 ft. There are no previous records of mollusea from this region. It is quite in the northern part of the State, only a few miles from the Colorado boundary.” ‘The species are : Vallonia gracilicosta Reinh. Vitrina pfeifferi Newe. Huconulus fulvus (Mull.). THE NAUTILUS. 83 Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Bifidaria pilsbryana Sterki. A form with the crest more devel- oped than in the type, and the palatal folds standing upon a callous ridge. In this connection I may mention that a specimen of Bifidaria holaingeri (Sterki) has been found among minutiz collected by Prof. Cockerell at Mesilla, N. M., in drift of the Rio Grande. So far as I know, this species has not been reported before from west or south- west of Wichita, Kansas. Ashmunella chiricahwana (Dall) has been collected by Prof. E. O. Wooton in a pine region on the west fork of Gila River, near Mogollon Peak, N. M. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF ASIATIC SHELLS. BY C. F. ANCEY. Euhadra (?) pseudocampylza Ane. Testa convexo-depressiuscula, omnino tecte perforata, nitidiuscula, parim solidula, sub epidermide tenui fusco lutea sordide albescens vel pallide brunnea, lineolis incrementi subtus magis conspicuis obso- lete notata. Spira convexa, parum elevata, obtusissima. Anfractus 45} convexi, sutura impressa separati, sat lente et regulariter cres- centes, ultimus supra prope aperturam leviter malleatus, antice leniter descendens, dein ad peristoma paululum ascendens, supra convexus, ad peripheriam rotundatus, basi convexo-depressus, in umbilici loco profunde impressus pone aperturam breviter constrictus. Apertura transverse suboblonga, lunata, obliqua, marginibus distantibus, callo tenui junctis, extero regulariter arcuato, basali subdeclivi. Peristoma album, incrassatum, breviter expansum, ad basin et columellam precipue reflexum, angustum, supra perforationem prorsus clausam dilatatum. Diam. max. 30, min. 254, alt. 17 mill. Hab.: Tatsién-lof, ad limites Thibeti et provincie sinensis Sse- tchuen (Comm. Cl. Abbé Méze). This is a very distinct species, and at once recalls to mind a large and more globose Helicigona pyrenaica with a closed umbilicus. It is provisionally referred to Huhadra, but the generic position is diffi- cult to ascertain. A single dead example was obtained, and is in my collection. With this I received a fine example of the very rare Helicarion Béttgeri, Hilber, of which the Austrian expedition of $4 THE NAUTILUS. Szechenyi obtained a single specimen. These shells were detected by French missionaries, and the locality, although furnishing several! species of mollusca, is not a rich one as far as shells are concerned. Planorbis persicus Anc. Testa compressa, non carinata, olivaceo vel subgriseo-cornea, oblique confertim striata, nitidula, pro genere relative solidiuscula, utrinque lateumbilicata et concava, discoidea. Spira apice minute immerso. Anfractus 5, convexi, sutura impressa, sat lente crescentes ; ultimus supra convexo-declivis, post medium rotundato-subangulatus, infra depressus. Aperture obliqua, transverse oblonga, sublunata, intus obscure albo-labiata (in peradultis), marginibus callo appresso junctis. Diam. mag. 9. min. 74, alt. 22 mill. Hab.—Teéhéran, prov. Trak-ajemi, Persia; Salmas, north of Lake Urmiah, Persia (Comm. G. Negele). This is allied to, but different from, Pl. subangulatus Phil., from which it is easily distinguished in being much less distinctly angled below the periphery. The above description is drawn from the largest specimen sent me by Herr G. Newgele; some also probably mature are much smaller and more rounded. Physa Moussoni Ancey. Physa lirata, Mousson in Journ Conch., 1874, p. 43, non Tristram (1863), nec Craven (1880). The name Physa lirata having been used several times, I should call attention to the fact that Dr. Rudolf Sturany (Catalog der Suda- frik. Land- und Stsswasser-Moll., 1898, p. 76), not being aware that several years ago I proposed to substitute Physa Craveni for lirata Craven (not of Tristram), calls the latter Craveni Sturany, while I should claim for the priority of Craveni, Ancey ; but this induces me also to change dirata Mousson to Moussont Ancey, as the specific name /irata must be retained for the species originally described from Madagascar. Ph. Moussoni Ancey was discovered in Mesopotamia by Dr. Schaefli. Helicina Sundana Ancey, nom. noy. The above name I suggest for Helicina exserta Martens, a species ovcurring in the islands of Saleyer, Kalao and Jampea, between Cel- ebes and Flores, as another Helicina from Cuba has long ago been described under the same name of exerta, ‘‘ Gundlach, MSS.,” by L. Pfeiffer (see Malak Blatter, v, 1858, p. 194). ae N ATILUS. Von. XIV. DECEMBER, 1900. No. 8. RECORDS OF MOLLUSCA FROM NEW MEXICO. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND T. D. A. COCKERELL. The Mollusca of the Sandia Mts., New Mexico. Nothing has hitherto been reported concerning the mollusca of the Sandia Mountains, near Albuquerque, so it may be well to enum- erate a small collection made there by Miss Maud Ellis, and submit- ted to us for determination. The precise locality is Las Huartus Canon, alt. 8-9000 ft. The species are similar to those of the Colo- rado mountains, and the Sandias, so far as our present knowledge goes, marks the southern limit of this fauna as a whole, though certain of its members extend much further south. Vitrina pteifferi Newe. Pyramidula cockerelli Pils, Euconulus fulvas (Drap.). P. cockerelli mut. viridula (Ckl!.).! Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Vallonia cyclophorella Ancey. Z. minusculus ( Binney). Pupa blandi Morse. Thysanophora ingersolli (Bland). Bifidaria pilsbryana Sterki. Pyramidula strigosa (?) Young. Miss Ellis also collected Helicodiseus lineatus (Say) in the Sandia Mts., but the exact locality is forgotten. The young Pyramidula doubtfully listed as strigosa may be a form of P. hemphilli.. No Ashmunella was found. It is somewhat surprising that the Hwconulus of New Mexico is not the Texan race, but the Northern fulvus. 1 Nautilus, 1890, p. 102, the pale greenish form. T.D. A. C. 86 THE NAUTILUS. Shells from recent flood debris of Arroya Pecos, Las Vegas, N. M. A series of shells lately collected by one of us gives the following species. The source of the shells is unknown, until the Arroya is followed up and their station found. In wanting Ashmanella, and in the abundance of Bifidaria, the assemblage is unlike that of the ad- jacent mountains. Vallonia cyclophorella Ane. Bifidaria pilsbryana Sterki. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miuill.). Vertigo ovata Say. Pupoides marginatus (Say). Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb). Euconulus tulvus (Drap.). Pupa blandi (Morse). Helicodiscus lineatus (Say). Bifidaria armifera (Say). Limnea humilis Say. difidaria holzingeri (Sterki). Planorbis parvus Say. Bifidaria hordeacella (Pils.). Physa sp., broken. Bifidaria procera (Gld.). The specimens of Aifidarta armifera vary in length from a trifle over 3 mm. with 55 whorls, to fully 4 mm. with 64 whorls. CONUS CONSORS SOWB. BY CHARLES LE ROY WHEELER. My attention has been attracted to the above species while identi- fying a mixed lot of cones from Zanzibar, embracing about four thou- sand specimens, from the fact that many collectors, and some mus- eums, have in their collections specimens labeled ‘ Conus consors Sowb.” that are far from what Sowerby evidently figured under that name. But Tryon’s description appears to authorize the errors in identification. I, therefore, offer the following description : Conus consors Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 492. Spire concavely elevated, with shallow channel and _ revolving stria, delicately tessellated with orange, apex acute and of pinkish tint; body-whorl slightly depressed in centre and inflated above, grooved toward the base; ivory white, with an orange band below the center, and one above sometimes reaching to the shoulder, the upper part of this band more or less broken ; aperture white ; epider- mis velvety, light brown, tough and very adherent. THE NAUTILUS. Soi) The entire absence of dotted revolving lines and the constant orange color are characteristic features. Dimensions: height 60, diameter 62 mm.; of others 59x32, 58x31, 56x31, 50x32, and 50x27. The illustration in Tryon’s Manual, Vol. VI, plate 15, fig. 96, is a good representation ; but the list of synonyms should probably be either placed under ©. magus Linn. or recognized as veritable species. A NEW SPECIES OF BULIMULUS FROM COSTA RICA AND A NEW SPIRACULUM FROM ASSAM. BY HUGH FULTON. Bulimulus (Drymzus) inusitatus, n. sp. Shell sinistral, elongate, narrowly perforate, thin, translucent, am- ber yellow throughout ; whorls 74, engraved with faint spiral lines ; nucleus with minute close-set crossed striz; aperture ovate ; peri- stome thin, lower portion slightly expanded; columella reflexed at point of insertion nearly covering the umbilicus. Alt. 294, diam. maj. 13, length of aperture 125 mill. Hab.: Costa Rica (Underwood). Compared with tropicalis Morelet, the only other known reversed Drymeus. The present species is thinner, has half a whorl more and is easily separated by its different ground color and the absence of bands. Spiraculum assamense N. sp. Shell discoidal, flat above, very broadly umbilicated, dark brown with a few obliqne stripes of a lighter color, encircled by four rows of hairs arranged in tufts, one being at the periphery, one above, and two below, the latter two are often worn off in older specimens ; whorls 44, slightly convex above, last rounded ; tube erect, short, in- clined towards the apex, situated 2 mm. from the margin of the aper- ture; peristome white, somewhat thickened, bordered by a narrow flange ; aperture oblique, circular; operculum shelly, whorls 5. Diam. maj. 14 mm., min. 12 mm., alt. 5 mm. Hab.: Khasi Hills, Assam. In most respects this species is very like nagaensis Aust. & Bedd., but can be easily separated by the position of the breathing tube, 88 THE NAUTILUS. which in assamense is much nearer the aperture. The operculum of nagaense does not appear to have so many whorls as our species, a large part of the central portion being quite flat and smooth. These characters appear to be constant in the numerous specimens I have examined of both forms. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW JAPANESE LAND SNAILS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY AND ADDISON GULICK. Diplommatina uzenensis Pilsbry, n. sp. Shell dextral, cylindric-oblong, pale brown or nearly white, finely, delicately and evenly costulate. Whorls 6, very convex, the upper 3 forming a short cone, the last whorl contracted, a little distorted, ascending in front. Aperture subcircular, nearly vertical, the peri- stome continuous, flatly reflexed, duplicate, having a thin lamina or second peristome close behind the lip in quite mature specimens. Columella concave, ending in a tooth, as usual. Palatal fold less deeply immersed than usual, lying to the left of rather than above the aperture. Alt. 2.6, diam. 1.4, alt. and diam. of aperture 1 mm. Nishigo, Uzen (Mr. Y. Hirase). Types no. coll. A. N.S., from no. 510 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. This species is the most northern yet known, I believe. It is de- cidedly larger than D. pusilla Martens, somewhat smaller than D. nipponensis MOlldff., which is its nearest ally. The sculpture is about the same as in nzpponensis, but the cone of the spire is not nearly so long, the later three whorls being large, while in nzpponensis the last two are wide, the four or five earlier strongly tapering. The palatal fold is further to the left in D. wzenensis than in D. nipponensis, and the aperture is comparatively larger. Eulota callizona var. maritima Gulick and Pilsbry, n. var. This name is proposed for the race inhabiting Awaji Island and other districts mentioned below, specimens from Fukura, Awaji, being the types. These differ from 2. peliomphala and its varieties brandtii, herklotsi and nimbosa in the more conoidal form of the spire; from Z. callizona and its varieties chiefly in pattern of coloration. These are as follows : (a) Purple-brown, with light buff streaks. fHE NAUTILUS. 89 (6) Corneous and buff with red-brown streaks, a narrow band above the periphery or none, often a dark umbilical patch. (c) Banded (bands 02345, 00345 or 00305) with deep brown on a pale ground, and generally streaked with opaque buff, or without such streaks. (d) Corneous, with some opaque, buff streaks above, no bands. Pattern (a) resembles that of HL. peliomphala nimbosa; (6) that of E. callizona congenita; (e) that of EL. peliomphala or peliomphala brandtii ; and pattern (d) that of 2. callizona hickonis. Alt. 20-22, diam. 30 mm. Alt. 19, diam. 25, We regard the var. maritima as very near the original stock which gave rise to H#. callizona and its varieties, and as a connecting link between these and E. peliomphala. It inhabits Awaji Island, the adjacent shores of the Kii channel on the east, all of Shikoku Island, some parts of the east coast of Kiusiu, and the west end of Hondo, and intergrades on the shore of the Inland Sea with congenita, hickonis and amalia. Eulota luhuana idzumonis Pilsbry and Gulick. Shell large and solid, with the color-patterns of H. quesita or perry, dull, roughly sculptured with irregular growth-wrinkles, and differing from Jwhwana in the more capacious, less depressed form, and the umbilicus, which is decidedly wider and much more open inside than in duhuwana. Alt. 30, diam. 43 mm. Types from Takeya, Idzumo. It has affinities with senckenbergiana and the following variety. Eulota luhuana var. aomoriensis Gulick & Pilsbry, n. var. Shell smooth and glossy, pale buff with deep chestnut bands 00305 (or sometimes 00000, or with wide pale, diffuse bands in place of 2 and 4, as in E. peliomphala herklotsi or E. quesita perry?), the spire moderately conoidal, whorls 5, the last capacious; umbilicus deep and more open within than in /whwana or senckenbergiana. Aperture oblique, the peristome white or reddish, nearly in a plane, but a little advanced sometimes at the termination of band 3. Alt. 25, diam. 40 mm. (Chojamura.) Alt. 20, diam. 32 mm. (Asanai.) Chojamura and Gonohe, Mutsu; Asanai, Ugo (Mr. Y. Hirase). A more globose and smoother form than £. luhwana, and more northern in distribution, inhabiting the northern extremity of Hondo, in Aomori Ken or prefecture. 90 THE NAUTILUS. It may be noticed in this connection that towards the north, /. quesita becomes smoother and more glossy than toward the southern limit of its range in middle Hondo. Trishoplita goodwini var. kyotoensis Pilsbry, n. v. Shell rather narrowly umbilicate, thin, somewhat translucent, pale brown throughout, glossy, striatulate, but without spiral lines. Spire low-conic ; whorls 5, convex, the last rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front. Aperture oblique, rounded, about one- fourth of its circumference excised at the parietal margin; peristome narrowly but distinctly expanded, thin, pale. Alt. 54, diam. 84 mm. Kyoto (Mr. Y. Hirase). This form resembles 7. goodwint var. fusca, but the umbilicus is smaller, there is a half whorl less, and no spiral strie, which in fusea are visible on the base. It is decidedly less conical than Trishoplita conospira Pfr. as defined by von Martens, and has a whorl less. EULOTA MERCATORIA AND E. CALIGINOSA. These species were treated as distinct in the Manual of Conchology, Vol. VI, but in dealing with them in the Catalogue of Marine Mol- lusks of Japan issued by Mr. F. Stearns and myself, I seem to have lost sight of the real differences between them, the intergradation I saw being a matter of color and size rather than of the details of form. The receipt of a large series of specimens gives opportunity to cor- rect the error I committed of lumping these really distinct species. Eulota (Euhadra) mercatoria (‘ Gray’ Pfr.). This species varies in size from 26 to 88 mm, diam., and in color from a pale yellowish-brown to red-chestnut and blackish-chestnut, always with a narrow dark peripheral band bordered with yellowish on each side. In some light forms there is a dark umbilical patch. The pattern therefore varies from that of the 2. swecincta group to the perryi or herklotsi pattern. The periphery is more or less angular ; the base is evenly rounded, and the lower lip in conse- quence is regularly curved. Pfeitfer’s figure of his type is excellent (Conchyl. Cab. Helix, pl. 132, figs. 1, 2, copied in Man. Conch. VI, pl. 31, f. 26, 27). I have figured a smaller specimen in Catal. Mar. Moll. Japan, pl. 10, fig. 5 (by error said to be 175 mm. diam. in the text, p. 162). #. merca- toria occurs on Okinawa. THE NAUTILUS. 91 E. mercatcria atrata n. var. Much larger than mercatoria, very dark colored, and strongly ribbed or costulate; periphery subangular in front. Whorls 65 to 63, the last shortly deflexed in front; lip purple-brown, evenly arcuate, not sinuous. Alt. 35, diam. 50 mm.; alt. 52, diam. 46 mm. Received from Mr. Hirase as from the Loo Choo Is.; from Mr. Stearns as from Okinawa. It is represented in the Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap., pl. 10, f. 4. Eulota (Euhadra) caliginosa (Ad. & Rve.). This species differs from . mercatorta in the narrower, more slowly increasing whorls, the last one more swollen below the suture ; the flattened base, producing a straighter basal lip; in the different shape of the aperture, and especially in the narrower lip, which 7s sinuous below, being curved forward at the middle of the basal margin. It is not so solid a shell as #. mercatoria, is rounded at the periphery, and has much the coloring of the lighter specimens of mercatoria, though the ground is generally yellower. The pale border above the peripheral band is often not well developed, and sometimes it is yellow throughout except the peripheral band. In the Catal. Mar. Moll. Jap., this species is excellently repre- sented in figures 1, 2, 3 and 6 of plate 10. It was supposed by Adams and Reeve to be from Mindanao, but there can be no doubt that it is a species of the Loo Choo (Okinawa) fauna. ON A GENUS (PHYLLAPLYSIA) NEW TO THE PACIFIC COAST. BY WM. H. DALL. The Rev. Dr. Geo. W. Taylor, of Wellington, British Columbia, has recently forwarded to me some marine slugs which were. found on floating sea-grass near Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. An exam- ination shows that these animals represent a genus, Phyllaplysia, not hitherto known except in Southwestern Europe, and an unde- scribed species. The animal in most respects differs very little from P. lafonti Fischer, the type of the genus. It is subtranslucent, smooth, of a uniform pale lemon-yellow color, very much flattened, resembling some of the Planarian worms. The specimens sent by Dr. Taylor are presumably somewhat contracted by alcohol, which may account 92 THE NAUTILUS. for the form of the rhinophores and tentacles, which are short, con- ical, and strongly transversely wrinkled, but without tuberculation or color pattern, being of the same pale yellow as the rest of the body. The “‘rainure’” extending from the right tentacle to the branchial opening is a plain line barely perceptible; the branchial pit with two minute lobes is short and in about the same relative position as in P. lafonti. The body is much depressed and the margins thin, sharp and even. ‘The eyes appear as conspicuous small black spots in front of the bases of the posterior tentacles. The general form is elongate oval, the ends of the rhinophores, unlike the tentacles, are blunt, and these organs are sulcate inferiorly as usual. The length of the larg- est specimen, as contracted in alcohol, is about 20 mm., and the breadth about 9 mm. I propose for it the name of Phyllaplysia taylort in honor of its discoverer. Of the three other species known, P. lafonti is pale green, with darker bands and numerous violet spots; P. depressa is green-buff, variegated with black; and P. limacina is of a dusky green. All of these are from western and southern Europe. A NEW SPECIES OF PLEUROBRANCHUS FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WM. H. DALL. Some time since Mrs. Oldroyd sent me two specimens of Pleuro- branchus, from San Pedro, which I could not spare time to examine microscopically at the moment. I can now specify their chief diagnostic characters as follows : Pleurobranchus californicus, n. sp. Animal when fresh of a waxen white, with a surface apparently smooth, or rather like the skin of an orange, not tuberculate, but, under a glass, showing obsolete distant pustules hardly raised above the general surface; body elongate-oval, the foot longer than the mantle behind. The gill short, its stem finely granular, not tuber- culate, with ten or eleven alternate short vanes, the whole adnate nearly to the tip, medially situated, with the contiguous genital orifices just in front of its anterior insertion and the anus just over the posterior insertion between the gill and the mantle. Eyes, rhinophores, muzzle, jaws and teeth, as described by Pilsbry, for the Gulf of California species collected by Fischer (Man. Conch., xvi, pp. 201-2). Shell rather long and narrow, subrectangular, longi- THE NAUTILUS. 93 tudinally obsoletely striate on the left side, obscurely obsoletely punctate near the anterior edge, and covered with a very thin peri- ostracum which reflects nacreous tinges of color. The shell itself is white and thin, with a small spiral nucleus; the left margin some- what recurved, the central part moderately convex ; the whole ex- tends more than half the length of the body and measures 12 by 6.5 mm. This species differs from P. digueti Rochebrune in color, in the proportional size and number of pinnules of the gill, in having a larger and differently shaped shell, and in the position of the anal orifice. These remarks apply to the form described by Pilsbry anatomically; Rochebrune states that his species was scarlet above and whitish below, but gives no anatomical data. GENERAL NOTES. Dr. Jousseaume publishes a monograph of the Clausilioid group Nenia in the current number of the Bull. Soc. Philomathique de Paris (1900), Among other novelties introduced in the same paper is a supposed new genus Bonnanius, which seems to be the same as Passamaella, a curious Buliminoid group of Socotra. Mo.tuusks 1N Grass.—Mr. Virginius H. Chase recently sent me from Valley township, Stark Co., Illinois, a piece of sod thickly cov- ered with growing grass, and which was fairly alive with living pul- monates. The piece of sod was eight by four inches in size, and from it I picked the following specimens and species : 1. Polygyra monodon Rackett. 2. Pyramidula striatella Anthony. 136. Bifidaria armifera Say. 5. Bifidaria contracta Say. 1. Bifidaria pentodon Say. The locality from which the sample came was a moist prairie. If this number was collected in a piece of ground less than a foot square, what must the whole prairie have contained !—FRAnNkK C. BAKER. In the early seventies Prof. Verrill dredged a minute bivalve off New Haven and gave the name Gastranella tumida Verrill to it. Since then it has been unknown until some of my minute materials 94 ' THE NAUTILUS. revealed one specimen from Summerside, P. E. I., and two speci- meus from Woods Holl, Mass, This indicates a wide distribution. —Henry W. WINKLEY. SHELL CoLLectinG on tur Mosquito Coasr.—The following extract is from a letter to Mr. S. Raymond Roberts, from a former Ohio collector. Wounta Haulover, Nicaragua, Sept. 27, 1900. This coast, for twenty miles back from the sea, is a net-work of lagoons, rivers, creeks, channels. The ‘“‘dry” land is mostly swampy, inun- dated, or partly so, during the wet season. In fact, this Mosquito Coast, which upon the map is so firm and solid-looking, is in reality a Dismal Swamp, multiplied by about five. Hence, so far as I am able to judge, it is not a good locality for Bulimulide and other land shells. Back from the sea, say twenty miles, and also south and west of Bluefields, where the land is more elevated, I believe there is better collecting. Right down here on the very coast I have found but four species, one of which I afterwards lost. Budimulus corneus Sowb. I found plentiful at Bluefields. Also another lot, which I take for Stenogyra octona Linne, I found in abundance. Another shell, presumably a Pupa, was collected sparingly. These last two also in Bluefields. Here, Wounto Haulover, is a good locality for Littorina columellaris D’Orb., and Principulka, just twenty miles south of here, is an ideal place for superfine Donax cayennensis Lam. —Wiiiam H. Friuck. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A Descriptive ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE MOLLUSCA or Inprana, by R. E. Call, Ph. D. (24th Annual Rep. of the State Geologist for 1899, Indianapolis, 1900). ‘* This catalogue is intended to be complete and to fully exhibit the present state of knowledge concerning the group of which it treats, as presented in the fauna of Indiana.’’ It is accompanied by a bibliography, and illustrations of the species. The latter are reproduced from the Smithsonian series ‘“* Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A.,’’ except the Unionide, most of which were drawn by the author. The figures only rarely repre- sent Indiana specimens, and are rather rough. Fifty species of land shells are enumerated, 55 aquatic gastropods, and 110 bivalves. The table of distribution shows the Ohio and TATE NAUTILUS. 95 Wabash basins to be by far the richest in species, the Lake Michigan basin poorest, though with a good representation of Limneide. The catalogue is interesting and useful, though it would be better, we think, if Dr. Call had followed modern classification, and had adopted the rectifications regarding many species which have been made in the last decade. He apparently thinks that progress in the anatomical and systematic study of Mollusks abruptly stopped fifteen or twenty years ago, as no innovations of later date are adopted, ex- cept a few, mostly wrong, made by himself. Aside from these matters, there are but few errors, and these not of grave consequence; a fig- ure of Strobilops is given for Zonites fulvus (p. 876); Tebennophorus dorsalis is said to be “the most common slug in Indiana,” though we think what he had was dark Agriolimax campestris. We note also that the descriptions of J.amarck’s Unios are quoted not from the original but from the Deshayes edition, and the accents of the French remarks are badly ‘+ balled up.” —H. A. P. Unionip# or Inp1ana.—In Mr. Call’s Descriptive Catalogue of the Mollusca of Indiana, the author repudiates the attempt at a natural classification of the Unionidae made in Mr. Baker’s Mollusca of the Chicago Area, and cannot realize that such a system is pro- posed seriously. He cannot understand why, for instance, such a form as Unio trigonus is placed in the same subgenus as Unio plicatus. Now it is a fact that has been repeatedly demonstrated by Dr. Lea’s, Dr. Sterki’s and my own observations of the anatomy of these mollusks that Unio trigonus and the allied forms, the different species of the Plicatus group, Unio pustulosus and its allies, Unio coccineus, U. subrotundus, U. kleinianus, and the forms belonging to the Chicka- sawhensis group which have been placed in the genus Quadrula, all have the embryos contained in all four of the gills, and when they are thus filled they form thick, smooth pods. And there are certain conchological characters which hold good in all these species. Their shells are all solid, short, more or less inflated; they generally have a wide, flat hinge plate and almost invariably deep beak cavities. Many specimens occur among species belonging to the Plreatus group in which the plications are nearly or even wholly wanting, and the epidermis varies from greenish to brown and black. Such specimens are not far removed conchologically from the smoother forms of the Pustulosus group or from U. subrotundus and U. kirtlandianus. 96 THE NAUTILUS. The true Umos, which in the United States are well represented by such forms as U. complanatus, U. buckleyi, U. crassidens and U. gibbosus, have longer shells than the Quadrules, they are generally less solid, and as far as I have seen, the beak cavities are compara- tively shallow, while the hinge plate is never wide and flat as in Unio pustulosus. In these the embryos are found in the outer gills only. Mr. Call uses the time honored names Unio, Margaritana and Anodonta for the Indiana Unionidw. These names are applied in a subgeneric sense, but he neglects to tell us what genus he places them under, whether it is Unto of Retzius or the Margaron of Lea. In his artificial key to the groups of Unio, excluding Anodonta and Margaritana, he places the species in groups, typified by U. luteolus, U. ligamentinus, U. crassidens, U. tuberculatus, U. personatus, ete. These groups have been recognized as natural assemblages by Lea, Lewis, Marsh, Wetherby, and most of the other American students of the Unionidz. J consider them as natural and reasonable as any that can be made among large assemblages of nearly related species, and every amateur who gets together a collection of naiades begins to perceive them after a little study. Yet Mr. Call seems to con- sider them as mere artificial or laboratory devices of little value. The Anodonta edentula of Say is placed by Mr. Call in the genus Anodonta. In this remarkable species there are more fully devel- oped vestigeal hinge teeth than in any of the true anodontas, and the hinge plate is incurved in front of the beaks, while in Anodonta proper it is evenly curved throughout. This species carries the young in the outer gills in short, distinct ovisacs running directly across the gill, instead of in long ovisacs running vertically, as in the true anodontas. ‘These contain from 8 or 10 to 20 or more embryos and finally break out through the outer walls of the outer gills and are discharged entire, with their contents, into the water. After this the gills assume the ordinary unionoid form. It is probable that a few other species from the southern states which have been placed in Margaritana have similar marsupia, I have examined gravid speci- mens of most of our American anodontas and of the A. woodiana Lea of China, and in all of them the marsupia are radically different from that of A. edentula. Mr. Call’s synonymy of Unio clavus Lamarck is certainly aston- ishing, and includes species as different in shell characters as can be found among the North American unios.—C. T. 8. eee N MOTILUS. Von. XIV. JANUARY, 1901. No: 9: NEW VARIETIES OF PHYSA ANCILLARIA SAY. BY BRYANT WALKER. Physa ancillaria var. magnalacustris. Shell subglobose, thick, solid, semi-opaque ; incremental striz fine, stronger toward the suture and somewhat irregular; transverse striz very minute or subobsolete ; purplish-horn color, darker toward the apex, which is dark brown or black ; body whorl with one or more broad white varicose bands, more or less suffused with white toward the lip and at the base; whorls 5, regularly and rapidly increas- ing, the first minute, the last very large, regularly rounded, not shouldered, the greatest width being in the centre; spire slightly elevated, acute ; suture but slightly impressed, margined below with white; aperture large, expanded below so that the greatest width is below the centre; outer lip thin, sharp, more or less expanded and broadly rounded below; thickened within by deep yellowish-brown or liver-colored callus, which appears externally as a broad white band, extremities connected by a thin callus, which is broadly re- flected over the body whorl: columella white, straight, scarcely twisted. Alt. 122, diam. 11, length of aperture 115 mm. Alt. 174, diam. 124, length of aperture, 145 mm. Alt. 184, diam. 104, length of aperture 105 mm. Types from Frankfort, Benzie County, Michigan. It has also been found at Charlevoix, Beaver Islands, Mackinac Island, Mackinaw City and Port Austin, Huron County, Michigan. These localities indicate distribution along the coast-line of the upper part of the lower 98 THE NAUTILUS. peninsula from Saginaw Bay on the Lake Huron shore to nearly as far south on the Lake Michigan coast. This form is the character- istic Physa of the lake shore, and is commonly found clinging to the large stones along the rocky or stony beaches. its thick wine-col- ored or purplish shell with prominent white varicose bands, basally expanded aperture, and the regularly curved outline from the apex to the columella, give it an aspect peculiarly its own, and render it easily distinguishable from the typical form or any of the allied species. Specimens from the Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan and Mackinaw City on the mainland, while retaining the peculiar form, are thinner, more inclined to be horn-colored and have a narrower marginal band, which internally is red rather than brown, and in these respects seem to connect the variety with the typical form. Were it not for these intermediate examples, there would be good ground for considering the form worthy of specific rank, Physa ancillaria var. crassa. Shell oval or obovate, thick, solid, opaque, smooth, shining, longi- tudinal striz very fine, transverse striz minute or subobsolete ; white, more or less tinged with vinous or pale purple; darker toward the apex, which is dark brown; whorls 4-5; regularly and rapidly in- creasing, the first minute, the last very large, roundly shouldered and frequently flattened laterally ; spire short, scarcely elevated above the general contour of the shell; suture but slightly impressed, bor- dered below with white; aperture large, but slightly shorter than the shell; widest in the centre, somewhat narrowed below and slightly effuse at the junction of the basal lip with the columella ; outer lip broadly rounded, thin, acute, thickened within by a strong callus which is yellowish-brown within and white externally ; inter- ior of body whorl light yellowish-brown or liver color; extremities of lip connected by a thin callus which is broadly reflected over the body whorl; columella strong, white, nearly straight, but slightly twisted. Alt. 174, diam. 124, length of aperture 14 mm. Alt. 16, diam. 124, length of aperture 134 mm. Alt. 15, diam. 11, length of aperture 155 mm. Higgins Lake, Roscommon County, Michigan. This form, while related to the variety magnalacustris in its tex- ture, differs entirely in its shape, which is quite similar to the typical form in the roundly-shouldered body whorl, and more elongated and THE NAUTILUS. 99 less expanded aperture. The lip joins the body-whorl at a more obtuse angle and lacks the basal expansion characteristic of the lake form. The spire is also less produced. Compared with the typical form, this variety is easily distinguished by its heavy, solid, opaque shell. NEW PISIDIA. BY DR. V. STERKI. Pisidium tenuissimum, n. Rather small, little to strongly oblique, moderately to rather well inflated, with the edges usually acutish, elongated or rather short, rhomboid to oblong-ovoid in outline, hinge margin little, inferior mod- erately curved, posterior end rounded or subtruncate obliquely in a postero-anterior direction with a rounded angle above ; anterior more or less curved, truncate obliquely with the rounded-angular end inferiorly, or the whole anterior part rather regularly parabolic, with the end in the longitudinal median line; beaks slightly posterior, somewhat broad, moderately elevated over the hinge line, somewhat mammillar ; surface very finely, almost regularly striated, highly polished ; color horn to smoky, or to greenish, or to light grayish ; shell very thin, translucent; hinge very fine, plate very narrow, cardinal teeth very small, short, thin, scarcely or slightly curved ; those of the left valve very close together, longitudinal-parallel, the upper little posterior; lateral teeth rather long, markedly straight, slender, thin, with short cusps; also the outer ones in the right vatve quite distinct ; ligament fine. Long. 3.4, alt. 2,8, diam. 2.1 mill. Habitat : Straits and Orchard lakes, in Oakland Co., Michigan,’ collected by Messrs. Walker and Sargent; Pine Lake, Marquette Co., Mich. (Upper Peninsula), and other waters in the same state ; also seen fossil. As pointed out in the description, the species is very variable in shape, and extreme forms, if found separate, might well be taken for different species. The one from Pine Lake (collected by Mr. Walker) is especially notable: the beaks are narrower and more 1Close together, but at the heads of different river systems. 100 THE NAUTILUS. elevated ; the anterior part of the mussel is more rapidly and directly tapering to a rounded point, the color is light grayish with concen- tric, irregular, narrow zones of a darker shade. Some forms have resemblance with P. splendidulum, the more rhombic ones, with a corresponding form of P. pawperculum, but in case of doubt, the thin shell and very fine hinge with the markedly straight, slender lateral teeth will distinguish our species. Specimens have occasionally been seen for several years, from different places, both recent and fossil, yet it seemed not safe to establish a n. sp. upon them. The recent finds of Messrs. Walker and Sargent bave put an end to all doubts. Pisidium monas, n. Minute, rather well inflated, oval in outline, without any project- ing angles, except a very slight one at the scutum, and the slightly pointed, rather inferior, anterior end; beaks little posterior, broad, rounded, little elevated; surface with comparatively coarse, micro- scopic, rather regular striz, tops of beaks smooth and shining; shell thin, hinge fine, cardinal teeth very small, almost straight, longi- tudinal, the posterior (upper) of the left valve sometimes almost obsolete ; ligament small. Long. 1.7, alt. 1.4, diam. 0.9 mill. Habitat: Mountain Lake, Marquette county, Michigan, collected by Mr. Bryant Walker. Among the specimens seen (some twenty), little variation was noticed; the species may be recognized by its minute size and its shape, the low, comparatively broad beaks, and the somewhat coarse striation. The latter is about as in Prs. punctatum, small forms of which are also of about the same size; but the latter Pisidium is more inflated, more angular in outline, its beaks are narrower and more elevated. P. monas is also smaller than zmbecille, and less elongated, its striation is coarser. Being known from but one locality, the species has been estab- lished only after a most careful examination and comparison with P. punctatum, imbecille, harfordianum, handwerkii, as well as with the young of the other species occurring in the same lot. Pisidium streatori, n. Of medium size, almost equipartite, short oval-rounded to almost circular, without any projecting angles, or with a slight, rounded one at the scutum, moderately inflated, lentiform; beaks slightly pos- THE NAUTILUS. 101 terior, low, rounded, scarcely or little elevated over the hinge margin, approximate; surface with moderate to rather coarse, irregular striae, and usually a few coarser lines of growth, shining ; color light yellowish horn, to straw or slightly reddish ; shell rather thin, some- what translucent; hinge rather fine, plate narrow ; cardinal teeth well formed, the right one strongly curved, or angular, its posterior part thickened, simple, or grooved, or split in two diverging parts ; the left anterior is angular, the posterior is oblique, slightly curved, short to rather long; lateral teeth rather small, little projecting into the cavity of the mussel, but well formed, the cusps short, pointed ; ligament moderate. Long. 5, alt, 4.4, diam. 2.5 (New York and some Onio exs.). Long. 5.5, alt. 4.8, diam. 3.4 (large Ohio ex.). Habitat : Canaseraga river, N. Y.; Garrettsville, Ohio, in a swamp. A lot of good specimens, from the former place, were kindly sent by Mr. Hy. Prime, in 1894, and then regarded as new, yet retained, as it might have proved to be a local form of some other species. Last fall Mr. Streator and the writer collected some specimens of exactly the same Pisidium, in a dried up swamp near Garrettsville, Ohio, the mussels living and propagating in the damp muck, under dead leaves, etc. Later on we found that Mr. Streator had collected quite a number during several years previous. Our species is well characterized, and can not be mistaken for any other Pisidium. P. roper’, with nearly the same color and surface appearance, is larger, more elongate, much more inflated, its beaks are higher and more voluminous in the adult. I take pleasure in naming the present species after Mr. Geo. J. Streator, an enthusi- astic conchologist, who has, for many years, collected and studied the mollusca of northeastern Ohio. SHELLS OF THE MARL-DEPOSITS OF AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE, AS COMPARED WITH THE LIVING FORMS IN THE SAME LOCALITY. BY OLOF O. NYLANDER. In the part of Aroostook county underlaid by the Aroostook lime- stone of Niagara age, there are many deposits of shell marl. I have only examined two localities: Barren Brook Bog, in Caribou, and Lovely Brook Bog, in Fort Fairfield. 102 THE NAUTILUS. Barren Brook Bog, in Caribou, is covered by vegetation; but the Lovely Brook Bog is wet, dangerous and difficult to approach, ex- cepting in one place. I have just received from Mr. Bryant Walker a paper upon the ‘Shells of the Marls of Huron County,” reprinted from the Geo- logical Survey of Michigan, Vol. VII, part II, pp. 247-252, in which comparisons are made with specimens from Aroostook county, Maine. To my knowledge there has been no extensive list pub- lished of the shells found in the marl deposits of Maine, and no comparison made with the living species in the same localities. Samples of marls have been sent to me from Presque Isle, Lime- stone, California Town, in New Brunswick, Canada, and other places. The most abundant species are Limnea desidiosa, Planorbis pareus and Pisidium contortum,' in all the localities. Fossils in the Marl of Barren Brook Bog. Vertigo sp. Fragments only. Succinea obliqua Say. Rare. Succinea ovalis Gld. Rare. Physa heterostropha Say. Rare. Limnza desidiosa Say. Abundant. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Common. Planorbis companulatus Say. Rare. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Rare. Planorbis parvus Say. Abundant. Planorbis (?). One specimen related to P. crista Lin., probably a new species. Ancylus parallelus Hald. Two specimens only. Valvata sincera Say (?), Not common. Anodonta fragilis Lam. Rare. Sphzrium simile Say. Rare. Spherium rhomboidium Say. Rare. Calyculina securis Prime (?). Rare. Pisidium adamsi Prime. Few. Pisidium compressum Prime. Few. 1Dr. V. Sterki has kindly examined all the Pisidia in my collection. Some of the specimens are still held by him, pending the receipt of more material for comparison with specimens from other parts of America and Europe. I am under the greatest obligations to bim, and also to Mr. Bryant Walker, for valuable information, THE NAUTILUS. 1038 Pisidium contortum Prime. Abundant. Pisidium pauperculum Sterki. Rare. Pisidium rotundatum Prime. Not common. Pisidium scutellatum Sterki(?). Rare. Pisidium variabile Pme. Rare. Pisidium ventricosum Pme. Common. Pisidium walkeri var. mainense Sterki, Rare. Living shells in Barren Brook, one quarter of a mile below the marl deposit, in a small pond on the brook, the land shells obtained at the water’s edge. Succinea obliqua Say. Rare. Succinea ovalis Gld. Common. Succinea avara Say. Rare. Strobilops labyrinthica Say. Bifidaria pentodon Say. Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Conulus fulvus Mull. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Zonitoides exiguus Stimp. Common. Carychium exile Lea. Common. Physa heterostropha Say. Rare and small. Limnza desidiosa Say. Small compared with the fossils. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Abundant. Planorbis parvus Say. Common. Planorbis crista Linné, var. cristata Drap. Common. Anodonta fragilis Lam. Rare. Sphezrium simile Say. Common in the brook below the pond. Sphezrium rhomboideum Say. One small living specimen. Pisidium abditium Hald. Rare. Pisidium compressum Prime. Few where the road crosses the brook. Pisidium rotundatum Prime. Rare. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki: Abundant; type locality. Pisidium variabile Prime. Abundant. Pisidium seminulum Sterki?. Few specimens referred to this Species. Pisidium ventricosum Prime. Common. Pisidium walkeri var. mainense. Common. 104 THE NAUTILUS. Fossils in the Marl Deposit in Lovely Brook Bog, Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County, Maine. Physa heterostropha Say. Large, specimens rare. Limnza desidiosa Say. Planorbis parvus Say. Planorbis hirsutus Gld. Rare. Planorbis crista Linné, var. cristata Drap. One good specimen. Pisidium variabile Prime. Pisidium abditum Hald. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki. Pisdium ventricosum Prime. Pisidium contortum Prime. Living Shells in the Lovely Brook Bog. Physa heterostropha Say. Rare. Limnza desidiosa Say. Rare. Pisidium variabile Prime. Common. Pisidium ventricosum Prime. Small but abundant, especially on the marl deposit. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki. Common and very variable. Pisidium medianum var. minutum Sterki. The type locality ; small but very fine specimens. Pisidium contortum Prime, so abundant among the fossils, is one of the rarest living Pisidia. Only a few specimens have been col- lected in Mud Lake, in the northeast corner of Perham, Aroostook County, Maine. It is dangerous to go near the water’s edge, as the bogey shores break through and one sinks in the mud. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TERTIARY Fauna oF FLORIDA, with especial reference to the Silex beds of Tampa and the Pliocene bed of the Caloosahatchie River; including in many cases a complete revision of the generic groups treated of and their American tertiary species. By Witi1am Heatry Dati, A. M. Transactions of the Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia, Vol. III, Part V, Dec., 1900. This part contains about 270 pages, and 12 plates, treating of the families Solenide, Donacide, Psammobiide, Semelide, Tellinida, THE NAUTILUS. 105 Petricolide, Cooperellide, Isocardiide, Cardiide, Diplodontide and the Leptonacea; in all 145 new tertiary species are described. This interesting work on the tertiary fauna contains so many changes in nomenclature that also affect the recent fauna, that it is looked forward to with as much, if not more, interest by the Con- chologist than by the Paleontologist — the numerous generic and specific references, distribution of species, and synopses of genera, forming a very valuable feature to the student. The first family discussed is the Solenidaw, which follows closely the synopsis of the recent species, published by Dr. Dall, in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 107, which was reviewed in the Navtitvs for Feb., 1900. In the Donacidx the synonomy of the two common Californian species is given as follows 1. Donax Californica Conrad, not of Carpenter and the majority of Californian authors, nor Deshayes. Donax navicula Hanley. 2. Donax levigata Deshayes. Donax Californica Carpenter and several Californian authors, not of Conrad or Deshayes. Donax obesa Gould, not Orbigny. The generic standing of the various genera constituting the family Psammobiide are fully discussed ; the following genera being repre- sented: Psammobia, Lam. (Gari of some authors), Sanguinolaria, Amphichena, Heterodonax, Asaphis, and Tagelus; regarding the latter Dr. Dall says: ‘* The genus Yagelus is distinguished from any of the Solenide by its long and distinct siphons. A number of changes of familiar specific names have been made in the Semelide. For the Semele reticulata L. of authors (S. orbicu- lata Say) the name of S. proficua Pulteney, 1799, is adopted, the reticulata of Linné being based on an oriental species. S. purpur- ascens Gmel. has priority over both obliqua Wood and variegata Lam. S. bellastriata Conrad, 1837, is substituted for cancellata Orb., 1853. Cumingia coarctata Sowb. is recorded from Florida, the synonomy being given as follows: ZLavignon antillarum and petitiana Orb.; C. fragilis and sinuous A. Ads., and C. tenuis H. and A. Ads. An extensive discussion of the Tellinide is followed by descrip- tions of 51 new species.’ Of the family Petricolide, four species are recorded from the 1This family will be more fully discussed in a review of Dr. Dall’s synopsis of the recent North American species, 106 THE NAUTILUS. Atlantic coast : Petricola lapicida Gml., P. typica Jonas, P. pholadi- formis Say, and P. dactylus, Sowb. In referring to the latter Dr. Dall gives the following interesting note: ‘The curious little shell named in 1872 by Verrill Gastranella tumida, is certainly a Petri- cola, and I suspect it to be the young of P. dactylus, which has when very young and fresh a purplish tinge on the umbones in some individuals. The tinge is precisely the same in both. Carpenter similarly took the nepionic young of P. denticulata Sowerby for a Psephis and described it under the specific name of te/limyalis. This was the more excusable, since the fry are brightly colored with orange and purple, while the adult and adolescent stages of the Petricolaria are pure white. I have a series showing the latter with its purple umbones strongly contrasting with the white valves, but this condition lasts only a short time, the color fading entirely out in most specimens before they attain full growth.” A most excellent synopsis of the Cardiidz is followed by a review of the species, of which 28 are new. Cardium floridanum Heilp, is a syn. of ©. emmonsi Conr.; for C. magnum Born (not Linné), OC. robustum Solander is adopted. Cardium bullatum of authors as of Linné not of Moérch, becomes C. spinosum Meuschen; C. semi- suleatum Gray, has priority over ©. ringiculum Sowb., and C. Petiti- anum Orb., OC. (Levicardium) serratum L., and C. levigatum Lam., are considered synonymous. A provisional table of the families and genera constituting the Leptonacea’ is adopted. Montacuta bidentata Montg., and Kellia planulata Stimp., are both placed in the genus Rochefortia Vélain. Lascea rubra (Montg.) is thoroughly discussed. Dr. Dall finds no permanent specific character to separate L. bermudensis Bush. “Small shells like Lasea which attach themselves by a byssus to alg, may be widely distributed by ocean currents. Differences of temperature and food cannot fail to make their mark upon the differ- ent colonies. When, in addition, we have a normal crudity and want of definition in the hinge characters throughout the genus, it would seem inadvisable to subdivide the type too minutely.” Montacuta elevata Stimp, is placed in the genus Aligena H. C. Lea. The work closes with the Diplodontide ; a synopsis of the recent 1 A synopsis of the Recent and Tertiary Leptonaccea of North America and the West Indies, was published by Dr. Dall in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, pp. 873-897, 1899. CHE NAUTILUS. 107 species in the Jour. of Conch., ix, pp. 244-246, Oct., 1899, was re- viewed in the NAuTILUs, xiv, p. 34. Dr. Dall states that this part carries the text so far that it seems certain that another part will conclude the work. , NOTICES OF SOME NEW JAPANESE LAND SNAILS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. A recent sending from Mr. Y. Hirase, of Kyoto, Japan, contained a number of novelties, some of which are briefly diagnosed below, Illustrations will follow later. Eulota (Aegista) mimula n. sp. Shell thin, openly umbilicate, de- pressed, with low-conic spire; brown, lustreless, rather weakly striate, and bearing sparse cuticular processes, like short, prostrate and adnate hairs. Whorls 54, convex, the last a trifle angulated in front, slightly descending to the aperture, rounded beneath. Aper- ture oblique, subcircular, the peristome whitish, narrowly expanded. subreflexed below, scarcely thickened, the margins approaching. Alt. 5.5, diam. 9mm. Kyoto. Much like a miniature 2. aperta, but the spire is somewhat higher, the umbilicus rather less open, the striation less strong, and the peristome not thickened within. Trishoplita cretacea var. bipartitan. vy. Somewhat smaller than T. eretacea, with conic spire, whitish above, brown or copiously streaked with brown below, a brown line ascending the spire border- ing the suture above ; surface striate and rather indistinetly granu- late by the decussation of fine spirals. Aperture very oblique, rounded oval. Alt. 9, diam. 14.5 mm.; alt. 9.5 diam. 12.5 mm. Toyonishikami, Nagato. In 7. cretacea the minute granules are irregularly scattered, not produced by decussation as in this variety. In specimens from Ushirogawa, Tosa, Shikoku Island, which I refer to 7. eretacea as a variety, the sculpture is also decussate, though very indistinctly so. T. cretaceav. bipartita reminds one somewhat of Helicella pyramidata, from the form of the spire. Eulota (Pl ctotropis) elegantissima var. cara n. vy. Larger than E. elegantissima, more depressed, with wider umbilicus and more rapidly widening last whorl. Alt. 10, diam. 29; alt. 7, diam. 204 mm. Loochoo Is. 108 THE NAUTILUS. Clausilia euholostoma n. sp. An exceedingly peculiar Exphedusa. The shell is very small, alt. 7.6, diam, 2.4 mm., with broadly oval (not in the least pyriform) aperture, continuous white peristome, and only a single lamella, the inferior, developed. This lamella is shaped as in Ol. monelasmus Pils. The principal plica and the lamella spiralis are extremely short and lateral in position; short upper and lower palatal plice are developed. There are about 74 whorls, the surface densely striated. The clausilium is Euphedusoid. Hab., Mikuriya, prov. Suruga (No. 563 of Mr, Hirase’s register). Clausilia japonica var. interplicata n. v. A dark colored, glossy variety, with several palatal plice developed between the usual upper and lower palatals of typical C. japonica. Nishigo. Uzen (No. 403 of Mr. Hirase’s register), Other specimens from ‘Takeya, Izumo, are less glossy, and irregular in the development of the ‘‘interpalatal ”’ folds. The following species belong to the section Hemiphedusa : Clausilia perpallida n. sp. General form of C. aurantiaca var. erbert; pale corneous, finely striate. Superior lamella moderate, in- ferior receding, subcolumellar deeply immersed; closing apparatus lateral, the principal plica long, upper palatal well developed, a low, broad, nodule-like lunella below but not joining it; no lower palatal fold. Length 11.5, diam. 2.6 mm. Nishigo, Uzen (460 b of Mr. Hirase’s register). Clausilia harimensis n. sp. Similar to C. aurantiaca or a little more slender, but with the weakly developed peristome of C. awajt- ensis, the lunella and closing apparatus generally being similar to that species, and lateral, not ventral as in ©. aurantiaca. Whorls about 10; color greenish-brown, when unworn. Length 11.5, diam. 2.7 mm. Kashima, Harima. Types no. 79133 coll. A. N. S. (306 a of Mr. Hirase’s register). Clausilia hokkaidoensis n. sp. About the size and general form of C. monelasmus, with which it occurred. Whorls about 10, the last two striate. General characters of the aperture as in C. subaurantiaca, the subcolumellar lamella deeply immersed, closing apparatus lateral, the upper palatal fold well developed, not connected with the straight low lunella; no lower palatal fold. Much smaller than the allied O. subaurantiaca. Length 11, diam. 2.5 mm. Kayabe, Ojima, Hokkaido I. Types no. 79321 coll. A. N. S. (546b of Hirase’s register). Olausilia totaptyx var. clava n. v. General form of Ol. cotaptyx, the spire being abnormally thick above, though attenuated for half the length of the shell, Whorls 12, the Jast with a crest or ridge be- hind the peristome. Superior laimella moderate, inferior receding, not visible in a front view, subcolumellar emerging. Principal plica long, upper and lower palatal plice developed, a rudimentary lunella between them, not connected with the upper plica. Length 12.5, diam. 2.8mm. Senzan, Awaji Island. THE NAUTILUS. FEBRUARY, 1901. No. 10. Von. XIV. A CONTRIBUTION TO WEST COAST CONCHOLOGY. BY HENRY HEMPHILL. Between San Diego and Point Conception, a distance of about two hundred miles, there lies off the coast of Southern California (not Lower California) a number of islands generally called the Santa Barbara group. In all, there are eight of these islands, varying in length from one to thirty miles and from one to six or eight miles in width, the nearest being about twenty-five, and the most distant about seventy-five miles from the mainland. All of them bear the name of some saint whom tradition, supersti- tion and religion have invested with supernatural power for good or evil toward men. Beginning with the most northerly island of the group and ending with the most southerly one, their names run as follows: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente. Here is an array of saintly names that should satisfy the most de- vout, and, if there is any virtue in a name, it should bring peac:- hope and quiet rest to those whose lot might be cast upon these rock- ribbed and storm-beaten islands. But this does not seem to have been the case, for when they were first discovered by tlie old Spanish or Portuguese navigators, colonies of peaceful and, perhaps, happy Indians inhabited them, whose time and occupation in life was prin- cipally devoted to securing something to eat and very little to wear. Soon after the advent of the white man these poor creatures began to disappear, decreased in numbers, and finally became extinct. There still remain evidences of their home life, the shell heaps on their old 110 TILE NAUTILUS. camping-grounds, an occasional broken stone-implement, and a few shell ornaments that have been over-looked by the white man in his search for curios or prehistoric relics. Several theories have been advanced by scientists and others in regard to the origin and age of these islands, but I can add very little to these flights of the imagination. How often, if more than once, all or some of them have been submerged and raised above the sea level, or whether those of the group which are composed principally of metamorphic rocks are the remains of the highest peaks of a range of mouutains that once formed or ribbed the most western part of the continent, it is quite impossible to say. San Nicolas Island, however, is of sand-stone formation, and con- tains beds of marine fossils, the forms being similar to those now living all along the coast of the mainland, and I think we are safe in suggesting that this island was thrown up at or about the time the general elevation of the coast line and adjacent mesa-lands took place. There are always some curious expectations associated in the human mind with thoughts of the islands of the sea. To the con- chologist these expectations are often greatly multiplied, and these little isolated patches of land become intensely interesting, and espec- ially so to the student of terrestrial mollusks, for the islands of the ‘sea the world over are noted for their richness in land shells. In this respect, our Californian islands are no exception to the gen- eral rule, While the number of so-called species fouid upon them, so far as we know them at present, is not very numerous, several are peculiar to these islands and not found elsewhere, while their coloring, varied through closely related forms, adds unusual interest and makes them very desirable for study, especially by those who are interested in problems of evolution. The origin of the land shells of these islands and of the west coast generally has been the subject of speculation by various writers on the distribution of animal life for some years. In their attempts to account for the affinities and resemblances, in a few instances, between our land shells and some forms found in Asia, they have bridged over Bering Strait, or “ Behring Straits,’ several times had bands of snails, or perhaps single ones ‘in pairs,’? as Pat would express it, cross this bridge into America, travel southward to Cape Horn, establish colonies all along this long line of travel, and subsequently spread eastward over the continent, and finally cross another imagin- fHE NAUTILUS. a ary bridge into the West Indies; and the present shell fauna of this whole region is supposed to be the descendants of those Asiatic emi- grants. We are also to infer from these theorists and their writings, I sup- pose, that during the time this “dispersion” of Asiatic snails took place there was not a native terrestrial mollusk in all this land, no matter what other kind of organisms may have originated and existed here at that time. In order to have a clear and comprehensive conception of life, the origin and development of the material forms of organisms, and their distribution over our planet, we must study them all from a funda- mental standpoint, and I will here briefly allude to the fundamental as I understand it. Time and space are infinite. Existing within the infinite there are elements that possess the properties of attraction and repulsion (energy—life), which, by their combinations, form two great factors that enter into and produce all the phenomena we see around us. These we know as energy and matter. Their relations to each other may be more clearly understood by stating that without energy matter could not be formed, and without matter energy could not demonstrate its presence, as it would have nothing to act upon, hence both are necessary to a demonstration of any kind, and must be regarded as equals in every respect. Development is a principle inherent in the elements—the hand-maid of life itself. Evolution, diversity and variation are natural processes belonging to develop- ment. These constitute the fundamental; they are coexistent and immortal, eternal, without beginning and without end. The funda- mental alone is immortal; all the phenomena arising from the fundamental, the superficial and complex, are evanescent, fleeting and constantly passing away, even as the grass of the meadows and the forests of the plains, and are replaced by other similar phenomena, though varied in form. Development is the regular order of nature, and the regular order of development is from the simple to the complex and vice versa (disintegration). Wherever matter, heat, moisture and air exist together, there life (omnipresent energy, Howison), with her hand-maid development, will be found industri- ously refining and preparing inorganic matter, from which they will evolve organic forms in due course of time. As the form and structure of terrestrial mollusks are not of a very 1 THE NAUTILUS. high or complicated nature, we may suppose that not many centuries would pass, after the Rocky, Sierra Nevada Mts. and the adjacent b territory rose above the ‘* Mesozoic Sea,’’ before these creatures would originate, perhaps in many places at or about the same time; and as they multiply in numbers quite rapidly, under favorable con- ditions, there would have been a large native population of terrestrial mollusks existing here long before those Asiatic stragglers could have reached Cape Horn and the West Indies via Bering Straits bridge. If the present land shells of America are the descendants of Asiatic emigrants, what has become of the land shells that have originated here ? “ Westward the course of empire takes its way” is as true as it is poetical, and if animals obey the same general laws that human be- ings do in this respect, then the snail emigration must have been the other way. We can as readily imagine bands of snails from America crossing this bridge at Bering Strait and establishing colonies on the other side as wice versa, and thus we could account for these re- semblances and affinities by a westward movement as well as by an eastward emigration of these slow-moving creatures, if there were no causes or conditions in the environment in both countries to produce similar results in the organic structure of the same class of animals, which I believe is the case. Without having investigated the matter very closely, I am under the impression that the resemblances and affinities of the West Coast shells, as well as those of America generally, are as close to those of Europe as they are to the shells of Asia. Compare the following American and European shells : American. Huropean. Helix nickliniana Lea. Helix arbustorum Linn. Helix kelletti Fbs. Helix aspersa Mull. Helix levis Pfr. Helix pisana Mall. Helix inflecta Say. Helix personata Drap. Patula striatella Anth. Patula ruderata Stud. Compare the entire Zonitidz of both continents. Many of Limne- idx, Physide and Planorbide on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean are identical, or so near alike that they could hardly be separated if mixed together. I think, then, we may reasonably conclude that if the emigration TILK NAUTILUS. LAS of animals is generally toward the setting sun, it would be more reasonable and more in harmony with this general law to base the distribution of animal life on a westward movement across each con- tinent, spreading north and south as food and climatic conditions were found to be favorable to the existence of each class of creatures, rather than upon a haphazard exodus of animals from Asia via Bering Strait bridge. Undoubtedly a few shells have been introduced into America from other continents, but, after two centuries of close commercial inter- course between America and Europe, we can count all the known introduced land shells on the fingers. I venture to suggest that the distribution of animal life is determined by the laws of attraction and repulsion as much as the revolutions of the earth in its orbit around the sun. There are life centres on each continent around which animals revolve, and from which they radiate and to which they re- turn, with possibly a westward tendency of these life centres. In obedience to this law of attraction birds return each spring to their old nesting places; some fish, like the salmon, return each season to the rivers and creeks in which they were hatched to deposit their spawn, and many other circumstances of a similar kind might be cited in support of such a theory. I have visited all of the islands off the coast of Southern Cali- fornia, except San Miguel and Anacapa, for the purpose of collecting shells, but before presenting a complete list of the land shells, I will offer descriptions of some forms that seem to be undescribed. In referring to the Helices I use the general term “ Helix,” under which genus they have been described, and which, it seems to me, is quite as suggestive, and certainly as useful, as the long cumbersome names that have been recently adopted; leaving to others the choice of half a dozen or more genera and subgenera to which they have been referred from time to time by several distinguished eastern and foreign conchologists. [ To be concluded. | A NEW AMNICOLA. BY BRYANT WALKER. Amnicola letsoni. Shell small, elevated, solid, thick, white ; subimperforate, whorls 114 THE NAUTILUS. 44, more or less flattened laterally and inclined to be shouldered ; smooth ; suture deep; spire short, less than one-third of the entire length, apex obtuse; aperture small, ovate, angled above, rounded below, flattened on the parietal margin, which is quite oblique to the axis. Peristome thick, continuous, entirely free from contact with the body-whorl in fully mature specimens. Alt. 34, diam. 24, length of aperture 1} mill. Alt. 3, diam. 2, length of aperture 14 mill. Habitat: Goat Island, Niagara River, N. Y. Amnicola sheldoni Pils. is the only species with which this can be compared. The present species, however, is to be distinguished by its flattened, shouldered whorls, deeper suture and more acuminate spire. Six mature examples were found which, though differing somewhat in the relative proportions of length and width, are, as a whole, quite uniform. In four of them, the peristome is distinctly separated from the body-whorl; in one, while continuous, it is so close as to be almost adnate, while in the remaining specimen, the parietal margin, although somewhat broken, seems to have been appressed to the body-whorl for a short distance. Associated with these specimens were two other examples quite similar, but much more cylindrical in outline, less solid, and with the aperture less angled posteriorly. Neither is quite mature, judging from the thin- ness of the lip. In view of the considerable variation in these par- ticulars in other well-known species of the genus, such as Amnicola lustrica Pils. and of the few specimens now at hand, it is not deemed advisable at the present time to do more than call attention to the fact. Dr. Pilsbry, to whom some of the specimens were submitted, suggests that, like Pyrgulopsis mississippiensis Pils., it is probably an extinct species, and will be found in some quarternary bed along the Niagara or some tributary creek. The type specimens were collected by Miss E. Jennie Letson, of Buffalo, N. Y., and the species is named in her honor. EXOTIC MOLLUSKS IN CALIFORNIA. BY JOSIAH KEEP. In a recent pamphlet, Mr. R. E. C. Stearns speaks of twelve exotic species of mollusks that have been found in California. Sev- THE NAUTILUS. 115 eral of these are increasing rapidly. Recently two bright lads of our ‘Isaac Lea Chapter,’’ Masters Doe and Gifford, brought me fine specimens of Modiola plicatula Lam. which they had found on the southwestern shore of San Francisco Bay. They also guided me to numerous colonies of Urosalpinx cinerens Say. on the Alameda shore, which they had naturally mistaken for the native Ocinebra circumtexta Stearns. They showed me several dead valves of Venus mercenaria Linn. which they had picked up on the same shore, but of which they had not been able to find living specimens. We can- not, therefore, certainly add this species to Mr. Stearns’ list, but it is quite probable that living forms of the same will soon be found in deeper water. Of the land species included with the twelve, two at least are be- coming quite common. Zonites cellarius Mill. appeared abundantly the past season in the college garden, and Helix aspersa Mull. I have artificially propagated with much success, using a frame like a board- covered hot-bed, and feeding with cabbage leaves and similar vege- tables. I have now introduced several native species into the frame and am awaiting the spring-time with much interest. Helix califor- niensis Lea does not thrive, as it evidently sighs for the sands of Monterey and the toothsome rattle-weed; but its near neighbor, Helix dupetithouarsiti Desh., from Cypress Point, seems quite at home, and is as happy as if it were shaded by the venerable trees on that rocky promontory. Possibly it is because the frame is sheltered by a hedge of tall cypresses, lineal descendants from the trees on Cypress Point. I have often wished that the long and cumbrous name of this species could be changed to the short and highly- suggestive one, Helix cupressa, the cypress snail. But I suppose that the law of priority is like the law of the Medes and Persians, ‘¢which altereth not.” Mills College, Cal. NOTICES OF NEW JAPANESE LAND SNAILS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Clausilia Hiraseana n. sp. A Megalophedusa with the size and general form of Cl. japonica, but strongly sculptured with rib-strie, far coarser than in any other known Japanese species. The sub- 116 THE NAUTILUS. columellar lamella is immersed and there are four strong palatal plice. Length 29, diam. 6 mm. Okinoshima, prov. Tosa (Y. Hirase). Trishoplita Smithiana n. sp. Shell about the size and color of 7. goodwint (Smith), but much more depressed, the spire low, convexly conic, whorls 53, the last angular at the periphery, descending in front; sculpture of slight growth-wrinkles and extremely fine, crowded spiral striz. Aperture transversely oval, oblique; peris- tome thin, expanded, reflexed below, the margins approaching, parted by a parietal wall in length about one-fifth the circumference of the peristome. Umbilicus open. Alt. 8, diam. 18, width of um- bilicus 2 mm. Arakura, prov. Tosa (Mr. Hirase). Much more depressed than 7, goodwint, with lower spire and wider umbilicus. named for Mr. E. A. Smiru, who has given us several valuable papers upon Japanese mollusks. Ganesella myomphala var. omphalodes n. v. Similar to G. myom- phala in color and texture, but much depressed and openly umbili- cate, the columellar lip but slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Alt. 19, diam. 32, width of umbilicus 8 mm. Omikado, prov. Inaba (Mr. Y. Hirase). Specimens in the collection of Mr. Addison Gulick show that in true myomphala the umbilicus is not always wholly closed, but, unlike this variety, the columellar lip is flattened and spreading. Ganesella Wiegmanniana n. sp. Shell deeply and (for the genus) openly umbilicate, much depressed, thick lens-shaped, angular at the periphery, encircled by a faint reddish-brown band above the periphery, surface somewhat glossy, sculptured with oblique growth- wrinkles, but without spiral striae other than a few rather coarse, irregularly-developed spirals sometimes visible on the base. Spire low, convexly conoid; whorls 54, moderately convex, the last angular at the periphery, somewhat convex beneath, but slightly descending in front, more or less constricted behind the tip. Aperture oblique, irregularly Junate-oval, the peristome white, narrowly expanded, thickened within, the basal margin straightened, thickened or obso- letely toothed in the middle; columellar end dilated, slightly over- hanging the umbilicus. Alt. 11, diam. 184 to 205 mm.; width of umbilicus 2 mm. Kochi, prov. Tosa (Y. Hirase). This species is clearly distinct from the strongly carinated form of THE NAUTILUS. a G. japonica called patruelis or tabuensis by some authors, but which is probably not really that species. The much depressed form like a thick lens, the open umbilicus and want of spiral striz are its more prominent features. It is named in honor of FriepRicH WI1E£¢- MANN, of Jena, author of numerous and valuable works on the anatomy of land snails. A NEW LYROPECTEN. BY W. H. DALL.! The group of Pectinide named by Conrad Lyropecten, of which P. Heermanni Conrad is the type, is known to have its precursors in the Oligocene, to be in its developed form characteristic of the Miocene of the Northern Hemisphere on both sides of the Atlantic, and to be represented in succeeding horizons only by degenerate types which can hardly be referred to the same section of the genus, though apparently descended from it. The Pacific coast species hitherto known are P. Heermanni Con- rad, 1855 (+ P. estrellanum Conrad, 1856, not 1857); P. magnolia Conrad, 1857 (+ P. ecrassicardo Conrad, 1862). The first men- tioned is a species of moderate size with no analogue in the Atlantic Miocene; its exact horizon is still doubtful. The second, which cor- responds in the West American fanna to P. Jeffersonius Say is found in the upper or San Pablo horizon of California. From the still newer (?) horizon of Rio Dell on the Eel River, California, Mr. J. S. Diller of the U. S. Geological Survey has obtained a new form of which this preliminary notice is given, not only as a new species of interest but as one of the largest species of Pecten yet known, It will be illustrated later in the Survey publications. It is the ana- logue of P. Madisonius Say. Pecten (Lyropecten) Dilleri n. sp. Shell large, rather compressed, nearly orbicular with a relatively short, straight hinge-line, dorsally rectangular, nearly smooth, sub- equal ears, the posterior with three small riblets; a well marked though shallow byssal fold; and moderately thick valves. The right valve is somewhat more convex and strongly sculptured, bear- 1 By permission of the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. 118 THE NAUTILUS. ing 29-30 high, narrow, T-rail-shaped ribs, flattened above, over- hanging narrower, deep, nearly smooth channels; and with marked concentric imbrication, fecble on top of the ribs but articularly scaly at their sides. The sculpture of the left valve is less pronounced, hidden in the matrix, but apparently similar. Alt. 192, lat. 175, diam. about 35 mm. The lateral edges are slightly defective, the submargins very narrow. GENERAL NOTES. HoLosrira MINIMA v. Martens.—In my opinion the northwest Mexican forms referred to Holospira pfeifferi by Crosse and Fischer and von Martens, are distinct from that central Mexican species ; and as the varietal name mnor is preoccupied (7. teres v. minor), the name minima of von Martens may be used. Dr. von Martens describes var. minima as ‘dense tenuiter lamelloso-costata, length 115 mm. only, 4 in the largest diameter ; aperture 24 mm.; whorls 11, distinctly convex; color reddish- yellow, the costae white.” The locality was not known, but the figure shows the angular early whorls of the N. W. Mexican form described as a variety of pfecffert by Fischer and Crosse, and I do not doubt that the type came from that region. The shells collected at Hermosillo, Sonora, by Reéemond, are larger, alt. 125 to 155, diam. of penult. whorl 4 mm. The riblets are rather stout and crowded, though not quite as wide as their intervals, and number 82 to 34 on the penultimate whorl. These ribs, or many of them, have the peculiarity so strongly developed in Urocoptis elliotti and some other species, of being hollow, and there- fore easily broken down, showing only the edges of the two lateral lamine. There are 124 whorls, and the color is nearly uniform. The internal column is perfectly simple and the lumen of the whorls is free from folds or lamella of any sort. Specimens sent by Mr. Fred L. Button, exact locality not given, are a little smaller, alt, 114 diam. above aperture 4 mm., have 11 to 114 whorls, and decidedly coarser ribs, 25 to 26 on the penultimate whorl. Evidently the species is a variable one, and the varieties are probably local. Tryon’s figure of H. pfeiffer’ (Amer. Journ. of Conch. iii, pl. 15, THE NAUTILUS. 119 fic. 34) is a bad copy of Pfeiffer’s figure of typical /. pfecfferi in the Conchylien Cabinet, pl. 6, f. 31; but the specimens before him were the N. W. Mexican form from near Hermosillo, collected by Rémond. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Synopsis oF THE Famity TELLINIDA AND oF THE NORTH AMERICAN Species. By Wittiam Heatey Datu. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxiii, pp. 285-326, 1900, Some interesting notes on distribution and a list of the works re- ferred to by dates in the text, is followed by a synopsis of the genera, subgenera and sections, an annotated list of the species, and descrip- tion of new species, illustrated by three plates. From the eastern coast are recorded: Tellina interrupta Wood, 7. laevigata LL. T. lineata Turt. (7. brasiliana Lam.), 7. radiata L., T. erystallina Wood, also on the Pacific coast. 7. kintea Con., T. aquistriata Say, T. americana Dall (n. sp.), 7. fausta Donov., 7. alternata Say, T. angulosa Gmel. (7. punicea Orb.), separated from pink var. of alternata by the pallial sinus reaching the anterior adductor scar. 7. georgiana Dall (n. sp.). 7. squamifera Desh., T. Gouldit Hanley, erroneously referred to the Pacific coast by author. T. martinicensis Orb., T. magna Spengl., 7. tenera Say, T. tenella Verr., 7. texvana Dall (n. sp.), 7. versicolor Cozzens, 7. sybaritica Dall, 7. polita Say,' T. pauperata Orb., 7. tampaensis Conr., 7’, mera Say, T. promera Dall (n. sp.), T. simplex Orb., 7. flagellum Dall (n. sp.), Z. similis Sowb, (7. decora Say), 7. iris Say, T. extlis Lam., T. candeana Orb.; Strigilla carnaria L., S. rombergii Morch, almost identical externally with the preceding, but the pallial sinus does not reach the anterior adductor scar. It seems to be more plentiful than carnaria on the Florida coast. iS. flexuosa Say, and pisiformis L.; Tellidora cristata Recl. The left valve is the flatter; in 7. burnett?,Sowb. from the Pacific coast the reverse is the case. Metis intastriata Say; Macoma constricta Brug., M. krauset Dall. (n. sp.) MM. balthica Linn., circumboreal, JZ. calearea Gmel., also on the Pacific coast, M. inflata Stimp., MM. cerina C. B. Ad. MM. leptonoidea Dall, also on the Pacific. MM. mitchell/ 1This name being preoccupied, Dr. Dall has adopted the MSS. name of Sayzi, proposed by Deshayes, see Trans. Wagner Inst., Vol. iii, pt. 5, p. 1034. 120 THE NAUTILUS. Dall, W. phenax Dall (n. sp.), MM. tenta Say, MW. orientalis Dall, J. Tugeliformis Dall (n. sp.), I. brevifrons Say, M. limulu Dall, M. extenuata Dall (n. sp.). The species of the western coast are: Tellina cumingii Hanley, T. ide Dall, 7. lyra Hanl., 7. lamellata Cpr., T. reelusa, Dall. (n. sp.), 7. declivis Sowhb., 7. pacifica Dall (n. sp.), 7. pristiphora Dall (n. sp.), 7. rwbeseens Hanl., 7. viridotinecta Cpr., T. ochracea Cpr., 7. brodentpii Desh... T. cognata C. B. Ads., 7. salmonea Cpr., T. merophis. ‘This is the T. gouldti Cpr. 1865, not of Hanley 1846.” TL. pazina Dall (m. sp.), T. amianta Dall (m. sp.), T. maecnetlit Dall (n. sp.), TL. suffusus Dall (n. sp.), LT. carpentert Dall, This is the vartegatus Cpr. 1864, not variegata Gmel. 1792,” T. cerrostana Dall. (n. sp.), T. reeurvu Dall (n. sp.), T. modesta Cpr., T. virgo Hanley, T. buttont Dall, “ This is the var. obtusus Cpr. 1864, not T. obtusa Sowb. 1818.” T. lutea Gray, T. bodegensis Hinds, 7. santarose Dall (n. sp.), Strégilla fucata Gld., S. sineera Hanl., S. eieereula Phil., S. lentfeula Phil., Metis alta Conr. ‘+ This is the Serobteularia biangulata: Cpr., and is also the Lutricola alta of the same author.” MJacoma middendorffii Dall, this is M. edentula Midd. 1851, not of Brod. & Sowb. 1859. MM. tncongrua v. Mart., WV. Krauset Dall. This is Tellina lutea Krause, 1885, not of Gray, 1828. JZ. edentula B. & S., M. sitkana Dall (n. sp.), ML tn- flatula Dall, M. nasuta Con., M. carlottensis Whiteaves, J. Lotricha Dall, W/. expansa Cpr., M. yoldiformis Cpr., M. alaskana Dall (n. sp.), WZ. undulata Hanl., M. secta Conr., A. indentata Cpr., and var. tenntrostris Dall (n. v.), A. elongata Hanl., I. panamensis Dall (n. sp.), JZ. aurora Hanl. Two NEw Cyrprezipa&. By Mrs. Acnes F. Kenyron.—Proe. Mal. Soe. of London, vi, 68, Aug., 1900. Cyprea kanilawi is a new species from the Hawaiian Islands. The description and figure seem very close to a large sized (28 mill.) C. helvola L.; specimens of this species from Hawaii differ considerably from those of the Indo-Pacifie region. — Trtvia acutisuleata is described without habitat, DESCRIPTION OF Two SPECIES OF CYPR&A, BOTH OF THE SUB- Genus Trivia. By James Cosmo MELviL_.—Annals and Maga- zine of Nat. Hist., Aug., 1900, p. 207. Both species were received from Mr. Fred L. Button. C. (Trivia) galapagensis from Albe- marle Isl., Galapagos, is a new peculiar form having a “shining «nameled ecallosity over the whole centre of the dorsal region, com- pletely obliterating the sulcus if any exists.” C. (Trivia) Buttoni is a small globular straw-colored species with few, continuous ribs. Its habitat is unknown. THE NavuTILUS, XIV. PLATE I. Kar Soma Sub-fossil ye. ond Shells. Fossin LAND SHELLS OF SAN NIcoLAS ISLAND, CAL. Figs. 1, Hel tryonii, vars. major and minor Hemph. Fi ( is Hemph. Figs. 3, Heli ndalis Hemph. Figs. 4 a, Succinea avara Say.; b, S. a. vermeta Say.; ¢, S. a. guadalupensis Dall. THE NauTILus. Von. XIV. MARCH, 1901. = =: = A CONTRIBUTION TO WEST COAST CONCHOLOGY. BY HENRY HEMPHILL. Helix var. feralis Hemphill. Shell imperforate, smooth, compact, globose, white (faded), con- sisting of five convex whorls, the last with an obscure band at the periphery, and slightly descending at the aperture ; spire elevated, somewhat pointed; sutures well impressed; aperture oblique, cramped, not effuse, about as wide as high; peristome reflected, thickened, its face rounded, the basal portion in some of the speci- mens slightly appressed to the body, its terminations very little approached. Subfossil. Diam. 18, which in the James Lewis collection, labeled ‘*‘ East Tennessee,’ agree with Mr. Walker’s Georgia shell in lacking the lip-notch, although in one a slight wide sinuation of the lip in place of it, is perceptible. They measure 8 and 8.5 mm. diam., one with high, the other moderately low spire. All of the specimens show hairs or their traces, as in P. stenotrema, though not very conspicuously. The lip-notch in the stenotrema species corresponds of course to the space between the lip-teeth in 7rzodopsis, the thickened ledges on each side of the notch being homologous with the basal and outer teeth in such species as P. tridentata. These notchless shells there- fore represent cases of confluence or concrescence of teeth, a some- what rare occurrence in Helices. The question arises, are these she!ls merely abnormal forms pro- duced by some mantle injury or other abnormal condition, or do they represent a rare race of which the notchless lip is characteristic? The former alternative seems most probable, except that the shell and lip seem quite without trace of any evidence of a diseased con- dition of the mantle, which is usually manifested by some roughness in the deposition of lime at the lip, or irregularity in the cuticle be- hind it. However, the question is not one to be decided off-hand, but by the examination of more material; and I would ask collectors to go over their specimens of P. stenotrema and allied species, and report 136 THE NAUTILUS. full results to Tue Nautizus. Locality of specimens and number examined from each locality should be given, as well as the occur- rence of specimens without the notch. Any other notable variation might also be noticed; and negative results, so far as regards the matter of the notch, will be useful. The entire results can then be collated and published in THe Navrtitus. A CONTRIBUTION TO WEST COAST CONCHOLOGY —Consinued. BY HENRY HEMPHILL. As the original locality, ‘‘ Santa Barbara,” given for Helix kelletti, Fbs., is undoubtedly a mistake, some writers on our land shells have referred that shell to Santa Barbara island, which is equally as erro- neous. Santa Barbara island is about one or one and one-half miles long and perhaps one mile wide, and quite easy of exploration. On my first visit to it, 25 years ago, I was left there alone for seven days, while the vessel went to San Pedro to be cleaned and repaired. During that time I explored every part of the island, collecting the land shells, which was the especial object of my visit. Last August I made another visit to that island for the same purpose, and gave four days more to collecting the land shells, and during these eleven days not a single specimen of Helix kelletti was found, and as dead Felix tryonii may be picked up by the thousands, and as no shell of that description was mentioned in Forbes’ report of the ‘* Herald and Pandora” surveying expedition or voyage, during which time the original kellett? was collected, we may reasonably suppose that the vessels of that expedition did not even visit Santa Barbara island. It is quite interesting and instructive to note the various opinions that have been expressed from time to time by distinguished con- chologists on this matter. In the Am. Jour. of Conch., vol. 4, pl. 4, p. 214, 1868, Dr. J. G. Cooper writes: ‘ Kellett’s specimens were probably from one of the small islands off the coast of the peninsula (Lower Cal., H. H.), though credited to ‘Central America,” and were a dwarfed form, the species attaining its highest development on Catalina island, within this state (Cal., H. H.), not Santa Bar- bara island, as stated by Newcomb, where tryonz replaces it.”” ‘Prof. A. Wood found specimens on the summit of a mountain twelve miles east of San Diego, and at one or two thousand feet ele- THE NAUTILUS. LST vation, which although much smaller were finely colored, more like the original type, or like Mr. Gabb’s stearnstana.” In his Manual of American Land Shells, p. 150, Mr. W. G. Bin- ney credits H. kelletti Fbs. to San Diego, Santa Catalina Island, San Nicolas Island in the California region ; ‘also 12 miles east of San Diego at 2000 feet elevation,” and remarks, ‘ The specimen figured is from Catalina Island. Iam positive it is correctly referred to kellett’.””, “ Forbes’ original figure is copied in Terr. Moll., V.” On turning to Terr. Moll. v., I find the figure identical with the one in his Manual, on page 149, which is undoubtedly the Catalina Island form. I may add here that I found no specimens of H. kel- lett? on San Nicolas Island, but my time and operations were lim- ited while there to the south end of that island. Ina paper published in the Proceedings of the Academy Nat. Sci- ences of Philadelphia, 1900, entitled, “‘ Additions to the Insular Land-Shell Faunas of the Pacific Coast,’ ete. Dr. Dall writes of H. kellett’, “ the typical #. kelletti is that found in the vicinity of San Diego. It has six whorls and they are well rounded. It differs from the Catalina Island form, in its less flattened and more inflated whorls, more dome-like spire, smaller size and browner aspect, the contrast between the upper and lower sides of the last whorl being less marked. Specimens from Coronado Islands are like those from San Diego. The National Museum has this species only from the above-mentioned three localities authentically. “Santa Barbara,’ frequently mentioned as a locality, should read ‘‘ Santa Barbara Islands,” as it is improbable that the shell occurs at the town of Santa Barbara on the mainland. A lot in the National Museum are labelled, ‘* Oregon City,’ Shumard, which is, of course, an error, If the San Diego and Coronada Islands forms are accepted as the typical HZ. kelletti Fbs., as suggested by Dr. Dall, then A. stearnsiana Gabb. must fall into the synonymy of that species, notwithstanding the former is said to have six, and the latter five whorls ; and then the Catalina Island form would be undescribed or rather unnamed. Some of the Catalina specimens are an exact imitation of San Diego and Coronado Island examples in coloring, as well as in size. stearnsiana, at Santo Tomas, and on Todas Santos Islands, lower California, attains a greater size than any specimens of H. kelletti that I have ever seen, and associated with them individuals occur as small as the San Diego or Coronado Island forms. 138 THE NAUTILUS. Mr. R. E. C. Stearns, in his usual thorough manner, ventilates this matter of the locality of HZ. kelletti in a paper published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, May, 1881, entitled, ‘* Helix aspersa in California.’ He quotes the following from Dr. Car- penter’s Report on the Mollusks of the West Coast of North Amer- ica. ‘* Among the wasted opportunities of obtaining very valuable information on geographical distribution must unfortunately be re- corded the surveying voyage of the Herald and Pandora, Capt. Kellett, R.2N:-C. B., and. Lieut.: Wood, RB. Nv? ‘“* Here was an exploration in competent hands on the very incog- nita itself; and yet, alas! Prof. E. Forbes further states that unfor- tunately the precise locality of many of the individual specimens had not been noticed at the time, and a quantity of Polynesian shells mingled with them have tended to render the value of the collection, as illustrative of distribution, less exact than it might have been.” The following also from Dr. Carpenter’s report refers to the local- ity of some of the land shells: ‘Helix pandorz Forbes. Santa Barbara, as per box-label. San Juan del Fuaco, teste Forbes. «_______ kelletti’ Fbs. Allied to H. californiensis Lea, same locality. ‘e aspersa. Marked Santa Barbara, probably imported.” To the above Dr. Stearns pertinantly remarks: ‘‘ The closing line of Dr. Carpenter hardly justifies the previous remark, ‘an explora- tion in competent hands.’ ”’ Dr. Stearns further remarks: ‘+ Binney, in the volume quoted, properly credits H. pandore to ‘ Margarita Bay, Lower California.’ Forbes’ habitat of this species is only seventeen hundred miles too far north, and of kedlett’, eleven hundred.’’ ‘Another distinguished author has placed the Lower Californian Helix levis on the Columbia River near the north pole.” As Helix stearnsiana Gabb is so closely related to H. kelletti Fbs., I will add the following : Mr. Binney, in the Manual Am. Land Shells, says of H. stearnst- ana: It has 5 whorls, the measurements are given as, greater diam. about fifteen hundred miles too 22, lesser 17 mm., height 12 mm. Tryon, in his Manual Conchology, writes, whorls 5, diam. 22 mm. Mr. Gabb describes the shell in the Am. Jour. Conch. as having THE NAUTILUS. 139 54 whorls, gives no measurements, and remarks: ‘ As compared with H. kelletti Fbs., this shell has not the peculiar flat sloping top to the whorls so characteristic of Forbes’ species, the mouth is much less oblique, the umbilicus is not covered, nor are the ends of the lip connected by either callus or plate over the body whorl. I have made minute comparisons of a large series of the present species, with specimens in the collection of Dr. Newcomb labeled Kelletti Fbs., and sent to him by Hugh Cuming.” ‘Another point of difference is the locality. Forbes’ species has never been found farther south than San Diego, and its true habitat is probably on one of the islands of the coast, while our, species is essentially a Lower Californian, being found under stumps of Maguey from St. Tomas to a little beyond Rosario.” I may add here that the form we call stearnsiana is very variable in size, though quite constant in general coloring. ‘To show these variations in size I add the measurements of two specimens I col- locted myself at Santo Tomas, in Lower California, Gabb’s original locality. The largest measures, great diam. 31, alt. 23 mm.; small- est specimen, great diam. 22, alt. 16 mm. I have quoted from these eminent conchologists not only to show how much they differ in their opinions about the locality and form of H. kellett’, Fbs., and Helix stearnsiana, Gabb, but because their ’ writings have become a part of the history of this shell (//. kedlett?) ‘¢ without a country.” One fact is sure, the exact locality of H. kellett’, Fbs., is lost, and suppositions, probabilities and surmises count for nothing in this case. As Catalina Island is the nearest point to Santa Barbara, one of Forbes’ localities for kellett’?, where that shell is known to exist, and as it has been largely distributed as the typical form, I think it will be wise to let it remain so, and not attempt any change. If we make the San Diego shell the typical kell/etti, then stearnsiana must fall into the synonymy of that species, for no one with a good series of these shells to study from can by any character whatever separate them. Even some of the Catalina Island shells are an exact imita- tion in general coloring of the San Diego and Coronada Island stearnsiana, and with the same number of whorls. While upon this chapter of errors, blunders and mistakes, I will call attention to such expressions as the following that occasionally appear in print: “ Californian conchologists call such a shell ‘so and 140 THE NAUTILUS. 999 so. ‘« West Coast conchologists are in error,” ete., etc. One esteemed correspondent quite recently wrote me, “ Some West Coast ’ conchologists are a little mixed.’”’ When we understand that most all West Coast conchologists have depended on the ‘‘ Wise men of the East ” for the names and all that pertains to the study of con- chology, and that many of their mistakes are simply a reflection back to the East of the blunders that bave been sent out to the West by Easterners, we can see just where the smile comes in. My own experience of thirty-five years “on these lines” has two sides to it, one very pleasant and the other very exasperating. I fear there have gone out of my shell den some expressions for which I cannot be held responsible, for in my way of thinking the provocation has been very great. The fact is we all make blunders and mistakes, and West Coast conchologists do their share; but when we follow monographs pub- lished by Eastern conchologists that contain mistakes, and when we depend on Eastern conchologists for the names, and many of these names prove to be erroneous, it seems hardly fair to refer to West Coasters in such a way that those who do not know all the facts would think that West Coast conchologists were nothing but a lot of blunderers. ‘ Wise men of the East,” please take a rest, and pick the beam out of your own eye! NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPHERIA. BY DR. V. STERKI. During the last seven years I had chances to examine tens of thousands of Spheria and Calyculine, alongside with the Pisidia, owing to the efforts and the kindness of many conchologists and partly to my own collecting. Yet I refrained from publishing any- thing on the subject before I should have acquired some knowledge about the range of variation of the several species, almost endless in some instances. There are some new forms, however, so very differ- ent from those published that they must be named and described. Spheerium crassum, n. sp. Mussel large, strongly inflated, almost equipartite, somewhat rhomboidal in perpendicular outline; beaks a little anterior, large and full, slightly flattened on top, prominent over the hinge line; superior margin rather strongly, inferior mod- THE NAUTILUS. 141 rately curved; scutum and scutellum distinct with slight projecting, rounded angles at their terminations, the one at the scutum being less marked in full-grown specimens; anterior and posterior ends almost equally, obliquely truncated, especially in specimens not quite mature, while in the adult the posterior end forms more a regular curve from the beaks down to the rather low-situated rounded end; surface with rather sharp, fine and crowded sulcations, usually some- what coarser on the beaks, dull or with a slight gloss; a few strongly marked lines of growth; color grayish or whitish-brown in the young, and the same in slightly marked marginal zones of older specimens plumbeous in half grown, and reddish or brownish, or smoky-brown, in the adult, with narrow, darker zones on the lines of growth; shell thick, muscle insertions distinct, nacre white, almost porcellaneous, with bluish zones corresponding with the lines of growth; hinge strong, plate rather broad, cardinal teeth comparatively large, the right strongly curved, emarginate at the free edge, its posterior part thick, slightly to deeply grooved; the inferior in the left valve short, curved, the superior shorter to longer than the inferior, moderately posterior, oblique, little curved; lateral teeth strong, those of the left valve with very high pointed cusps, ligament rather large, covered. Size: long. 15, alt. 11.5, diam. 9.5 mill. Long. 14, alt. 11.5, diam. 9 mill. Habitat: Carp Lake, near Mackinaw City, Michigan, collected by Mr. Bryant Walker. This is aremarkable Sphaerium. It stands near some large forms of stamineum, yet by its shape, large diameter and very large beaks, is different ; S. solidulum is more rounded in its outlines, less inflated, its beaks are smaller, and the suleation is coarser. In its surface appearance, sulcation and color, our species resembles S. simile, but is much shorter, comparatively, its beaks are higher, the hinge mar- gin is more curved and the hinge very much stronger. Spherium walkeri n. sp. Mussel small, well inflated, almost equi- partite; beaks little anterior, rather broad, rounded, not high, some- what projecting over the hinge margin; the latter rather short, little curved ; scutum and scutellum scarcely marked, with slight, project- ing rounded angles; inferior margin slightly curved; anterior end well rounded, passing into the inferior without any indication of an angle; posterior slightly truncated obliquely, passing into the inferior with a low situated, rounded angle; surface with very fine, some- 142 THE NAUTILUS. what irregular striation, also on top of the beaks, shining ; color yel- lowish to brownish horn; shell thin; translucent; muscle insertions slightly marked ; hinge rather short, slightly curved, fine, plate nar- row; the right cardinal tooth little curved or almost straight, thin ; the left inferior, short, slightly curved, the superior longer, rather posterior and curved down at the posterior end; lateral teeth fine, the outer ones in the right valve quite small, those in the left valve with short sharp cusps; hgament small. Size: long. 5.5, alt. 4.5, diam. 3.4 mill. (largest specimen, long. 4.6, alt. 4, diam. 3.2 mill. and probably full grown.) Habitat: Lake Michigan, off New York Point, in deep water, dredged by Mr. Bryant Walker, at 24 meters. The present Spherium ranges under the group Corneola, with Sph. rhomboideum Say and occidentale Pr., but is quite distinct from both, not only by its small size; from the former it is distinguished by its well-rounded anterior part, from the latter, by its broader, less prominent beaks and the oblique posterior end. It has some resem- blance, in shape, with some forms of Sph. corneum Lin. of Europe, but is very much smaller, its beaks are somewhat different and so is the surface appearance. The specimens were first seen in November, 1894, and then re- garded as representing a new species, and named in honor of Mr. Bryant Walker, the indefatigable scientist and collector to whom we owe so much conchological knowledge. A NEW PINNA FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WM. H. DALL. No species of the Pinn/de has hitherto neen known from Cali- fornia, or reported from any point more northerly than the Gulf of California on the Pacific coast. It was therefore a surprise when I received from Mr. and Mrs. Oldroyd a specimen taken alive by fish- ermen in 25 fathoms, San Pedro Bay. This is rather an excep- tional depth for a species of its solid and heavy character, the deep water Pinnidg usually belonging to the small, delicate and spinose forms, and the coarse imbricate species being more commonly found gregariously, at no great distance below low water mark, where their sharp edges have often been referred to as injurious to small boats landing in the shallow water. The present form belongs to the genus THE NAUTILUS. 143 Atrina, characterized by the absence of any slit in the umbonal part of the shell, such as is found in all the typical Pinnas. Atrina oldroydii n. sp. Shell solid, heavy, blackish-gray, subtriangular, rather inflated ; umbonal end slender (somewhat defective in the specimen); hinge margin straight ; ventral margin contracted in front, convexly arcuate behind; posterior margin arched; exterior smooth, except for more or less concentric wrinkling on the ventral side and numerous rather fine imbricate elevated ridges (about 38) radiating from near the umbo on the dorsal and middle portions of the valve, not extending to the ventral surface and obsolete over the distal fourth of the valve ; the scales or spines are worn off, but appear to have been numerous and small; interior of a livid dark olive gray, with a lurid iridescence over the visceral area, the ventral edge of which extends in a zigzag line almost directly anterior from the ventral edge of the rather small adductor scar, leaving more than a third of the ventral surface of the inside of the valve exterior to the visceral area. Length of ventral margin 238 ; of dorsal margin 175; of the distal margin 156; maximum diameter of the valves 63 mm. J.ength of the visceral area from the umbo 172 mm. The byssus is quite small and of a dark blackish-brown color. The form of the visceral area, which in these shells is generally regarded as a pretty constant character, is entirely different from that of any of the other described Pacific coast species. In the form which, as described, comes nearest to A. oldroydii (A. tuberculosa), has the posterior margin of the visceral area forming a straight line from the dorsal nearly to the ventral margin of the valves. The present species appears to be an analogue of our Atlantic coast A. serrata Sowerby, but as regards the exterior characters prob- ably submits to a variation which only the study of a larger number of specimens wil! enable us to determine. Though not a particularly handsome shell, this is one of the most notable among the many additions made to the mollusk fauna of Cal- ifornia in recent years. ALASMODONTA MARGINATA, SAY, AND A. TRUNCATA, WRIGHT. —In his “ Synopsis of the Naiades,”” Mr. Simpson says the former is from ‘* Lower St. Lawrence, southward in streams draining into the 144 THE NAUTILUS. Atlantic to South Carolina; the latter, ‘* Upper Mississippi drain- age, Ohio, Cumberland and Tennessee systems; Michigan, Upper St. Lawrence drainage.”’ In his description (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., I., p. 459) Mr. Say gives the Scioto river as the locality of the types of ‘‘Alasmodonta Ls) marginata,” and states that the types are in the Academy collection. There is one good specimen in the collection of the Academy, of the truncata species, labeled A. marginata, Say, from the Scioto river. Mr. Say must have been familiar with the eastern form. Did he decide to change the name of the western truncate form to ‘ trun- 9 cata’? and let **marginata” cover the eastern form? Probably no one living can answer this question, but we can imagine it answered in the affirmative, and label the Atlantic slope shell ‘ marginata, Say,’ Simpson’s magnificent synopsis—CuarLes LeRoy WHEELER. >and the Ohio shell ‘truncata, Wright,” in accord with Mr. GENERAL NOTES. TRIVIA PAUCILIRATA Sowb.—Some months ago, upon looking 2 over some small shells labeled ‘* Sarasota Bay,’ which have been for many years in my collection, unidentified and collector unknown, I noticed a very small 7rivia which seemed to correspond to Sower- by’s description of 7. paucilirata, a well-marked species. Upon sending it to Mr. Melvill, he has confirmed my opinion and _ pro- nounces it an undoubted representative of that species, the habitat of which seems to have been hitherto unknown, at least so far as the Frep L. Butron. monographs would indicate. EpriPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS (GRAY) IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. —During a short yachting cruise south, on San Francisco Bay, we anchored during the night of Feb. 16, 1901, at Point San Mateo, San Mateo Co. As it rained quite heavily during the night I an- ticipated that snails would be out in force on the heavily wooded slope of the point, so landed for a hunt inthe morning. I saw under the eucalyptus and pine trees hundreds of specimens of Hpiphrag- mophora arrosa Gld., Epiphragmophora californiensis nickliniana Lea, and Circinaria vancouverensis Lea, of which I secured numerous fine specimens. I also found, to my great surprise, two fine speci- mens of Epiphragmophora fidelis Gray, hitherto recorded as being found from Humboldt and Shasta Cos., Cal. to Vancouver Island.— Epwarp W. GIFFORD. TERE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. XV MAY, 1901,to APRIL, 1902 ee Ee a 57, ((4 ae \ PHILADELPHIA Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON INDEX TO fae NAUTILUS VOL. XY. INDEX TO SUBJECTS AND SPECIES. Adamsiella jarvisi Henderson, n. sp. . ‘ : ae Aglaja purpurea (Bergh), at Sah Pedro, Cal. : 3 sa be Alabina Dall, a new name for Blackhat Dall & Simpson . 127 Alasmidonta marginata Say : : , : ; 16, 47 Amphidromus levus Mill. . ; ; ‘ : : aa) Anomia aculeata Gmel. : : : - : : . 130 Anomia glabra Verr. . : ‘ ; ; . 130 Aperostoma sanctemarthe P. & C. ese) Uae : : . 134 Aperostoma smithi P. & C.,n. sp. : : : 2 SS Aplexa hypnorum var. tryoni Currier ; q : 2 EZ Aquillus Montf. = Lampusia Schum. , ; ; : . 108 Arca pexata Say ; : , : ‘ ; : ade Arca transversa Say . : : 2 ; ? f = -93 Ashmunella, an evolving. : ; : ‘ : 7°30 Ashmunella antiqua Cockerell . : ; ; : 110 Ashmunella, notes on : : ; ; : : 109 Ashmunella porter, Cockerell . : ; 3 : 109, 110 Ashmunella thomsoniana Cockerell . . : SUS rLO Bittium (Elachista) californicum Dall, n. sp. . : praise Bythinella obtusa Lea, the synonymy of . 4 : SoU Cantharidus, notes on two species of . : ; : ae Carychium cymatoplax Pils., n. sp. . . ; . 23 Cepolis milleri Pfr. . ; as SG Ceratodiscus solutus Simp. & Hendareont n. Paes a | ata oi (2 ( iii ) lV THE NAUTITUS. Cerion marmoratum Pfr. Chiton, an abnormal Chiton, a new Triassic : Chloritis perpunctatus Pils., n. sp. Chondropoma hjalmarsoni Pir Cincinnatia emarginata (Kust.) . Circinaria ponsonbyi P. & C.,n. sp. Circinaria ponsonbyi clara P. & C., n. var. Colombian Clausilia, a new Colombian Pleurodonte, a new Correspondence . Crandall, Orestes A. Crenella glandula Ctenopoma hydii Weinl. Cyclotus hirasei Pils., n. sp. Cylindrella (Anoma) EbaOEone Vendryes, n. sp. Cylindrella (Anoma) cognata Vendryes, n. sp. Cylindrella (Anoma) inusitata Vendryes, n. sp. . Cylindrella (Anoma) propinqua Vendryes, n. sp. Cylindrella (Thaumasia) instabilis Vendryes, n. sp. 34 60 Cylindrella (Thaumasia) sanguinea var. perplexa, Vendryes, n. var. Cypreea citrina Gray Dean, George W. Diplommatina cassa Pils., n. sp. Diplommatina dormitor Pils., n. sp. Diplommatina insularum Pils., n. sp. . Diplommatina kobelti Ehrm : Diplommatina yakushime Pils., n. sp. Elachista, note on the name Ennea iwakawa var. yakushime Pils., n. var. Epiphragmophora kellettii, on Santa Catalina Is. Euconulus fulvus Drap. : f Eulota (Coelorus) caviconus Pils., n. sp. Eulota (Euhadra) submandarina Pils. Fortune Island, Bahamas, land shells of Ganesella adelinz Pils., n. sp. Ganesella optima Pils., n. sp. Ganesella sororcula Pils., n. sp. . THE NAUTILUS. vi Ganesella tanegashime Pils.,n. sp. . : : : GS Gastrodonta clappi Pils. . : d . : 5 aie Georissa luchuana Pils.,n. sp. . : : ‘sabe 3b General notes. : : 8, 35, 46, 11, 83, 119, 144 Glandina callista P. & ©. insspe ; ; , : . 133 Goniobasis virginica in Maskndhubente : ; : 8s Great Barrier Reef, a day on the : : : ; PST Haiti, a new land operculate from P ; ‘ : ea i Haiti, collecting in. : : ‘ : : SERLS Helicina cacaguelita P. & C., n. sp. . J ‘ : JMLRE Helicina santaemarthe P. & C.,n.s. . L * 136 Helicostyla carinata Lea, and H. dactylus Bvadi : URES Helix aspersa increasing in California ; : : og Hirasea Pils., n. gen. . : ; s : ; ; » TLS Hirasea chichijimana Pils., n. sp. : é é : ELD Hirasea diplomphalus Pils., n. sp. ; : : . . 142 Hirasea goniobasis Pils.,n. sp. . : ‘ . : . 142 Hirasea nesiotica Pils.,n. sp. . ; F ; , ALG Hirasea sinuosa Pils.,n. sp. : : ‘ ‘ : us Hirasiella Pils., n. gen. ; : : ‘ ‘ : . 142 Hirasiella clara Pils., n. sp. : é : : : . 143 Hyatt, Alpheus . : : . 148 Ischnochiton conspicuus Ope (with six paleoaye , 3, 144 Jamaican Adamsiella, a new : ; ; : ; Ww G49 Jamaican land shell, a new . 2 : ee 2, Jamaican Bleirodonts! a new species and ao Species of ON Jamaican Urocoptide : : : ‘ 5 ‘ al | Japan, new land shells from : ‘ : , J - V8 e016 Japanese Vivipara in California , : : : ; e951 Kaliella austeniana Pils., n. sp. . ; , : ; eT 20 Kaliella ruida Pils.,n. sp. . ; ‘ : : ; Lar Kaliella yaeyamensis Pils., n. sp. p : : : ge A Lampsilis sapperi v. Ihering n. sp... 4 ’ ; BS 50 Latrunculus Gray = Eburna Lam. ‘ : : . 108 Limax montanus Ingersoll. : : : 29 Limnaea ampla Mighels, the original igealny a ; , LaF Limnaea auricularia in America , ; : . 59 Limnaea emarginata Say var. montana Elrod, n. var. Bae (a) Limnaea nuttalliana Lea + . 4 : be 589 vi THE NAUTILUS. Limnea palustris Mill. Limnea reflexa jolietensis Baker, n. var. Limnea stagnalis L. var. appressa Say Liomesus nassula Dall, n. sp. : Loo Choo Islands, new land shells from the Lucapina ercndlnts Sowb., animal of . Lucina, a gigantic fossil Lucina megameris Dall, n. sp. Macrochlamys cerasina Pils., n. sp. Mandarina exoptata Pils., n. sp. Margaritana margaritifera L. Meseschiza grosvenorii Lea, Notes on Microcystina hahajimana Pils., n. sp. Modiolaria discors L. Modiolus hamatus Say Modiolus modiolus L. Modiolus plicatulus Lam. : Mollusks, the approximate number of Monoplex Perry = Ranularia Schum Montana, collecting shells in Mytilus edulis L. Mytilus pellucidus Penn. Navanax inermis Cooper, Nenia smithiz Pils., n. sp. Ostrea borealis Lam. . Ostrea virginica Lam. Pecten irradians Lam. Pecten tenuicostatus Migh. and Ae Physa anatina Lea Physa ancillaria Say Physa ampullacea Gould Physa billingsi Heron Physa brevispira Lea Physa crassa Walker . Physa crocata Lea Physa cubensis Pfr. Physa deformis Currier Physa distorta Hald. Physa elliptica Lea oi 17 . 110 885 18, 61 71 40 al Spey, Ba 89 Pass ST . 106 96 104 . 105 . 46 . 108 86, 103, 110, 129 94 95 ihe 87, 39 eel . 131 alg . 118 tt 42, 128 ae 56 51 THE NAUTILUS. Physa elliptica minor Crandall, n. var. Physa forsheyii Lea Physa globosa Hald. Physa grosvenorii Lea Physa gyrina var. albofilata Ancey Physa gyrina Say Physa heterostropha Say Physa heterostropha alba Crandall, n. var. Physa hildrethiana Lea Physa integer Hald. Physa lordi Baird Physa magnilacustris Walker Physa microstoma Hald. Physa niagarensis Lea Physa oleacea Tryon . Physa parkeri Currier Physa philippi Kuster Physa plicata DeKay Physa pompilia Conrad Physa rhomboidea Crandall, n. a Physa sayi Tappan Physa solida Phil. Physa tenuissima Lea Physa troostiana Lea Physa vinosa Gould Physa walkeri Crandall, n. sp. Physa warreniana Lea Physe, the American Pisidium affine Sterki, n. sp. Pisidium sargenti Sterki, n. sp. Pisidium strengii Sterki, n. sp. Pisidium variabile Prime Pisidium virginicum Gmel. Planorbis bicarinatus striatus Baker, n. var. Planorbis parvus Say Planorbis trivolvis Say Pleurobema missouriensis Marsh, n. - Pleurodonte acuta Lain. Pleurodonte acuta var, acutissima Vii 55 69 al 69 54 45, 112 28, 119 29 45 56 44 43 70 55 45 44 29 29 70 31, 44 43 al 71 55 | aS 31, 51 Se 25, 42,54, 69 aiid 138, 140 . 140 viii THE NAUTILUS. Pleurodonte acuta var. julia Pleurodonte acuta var. lucerna Mull. . Pleurodonte acuta var. sublucerna Pils. Pleurodonte adamsiana Clapp, n. sp. . Pleurodonte bainbridgei Pfr. Pleurodonte carmelita Fer. Pleurodonte chemnitziana Pfr. Pleurodonte (Labyrinthus) Clappi Pils., n. sp. Pleurodonte gigantea Pleurodonte ingens var. epentaried aaa Pleurodonte ingens var. indigna Adams Pleurodonte ingens Adams Pleurodonte oxytenes Adams Pleurodonte patina Adams Pleurodonte patina var. nobilis anne Pleurodonte pretiosa Adams Pleurodonte soror Fer. var. peracuta Vv aps, n. var. Pleurodonte spengleriana Pfr, Pleurodonte subacuta Pfr. : Pleurodonte vacillans Vendryes, n. sp. Pleurotomaria, note on the name Pleurotomarius = Pleurotoma Polygyra devia var. hemphilli W. G. B. Polygyra thyroides sanctisimonis Pils., n. var. Polygyra townsendiana var. ptychophora A. D. Brown Polymesoda, the generic name for the American Cyrenas . Potamides (Ceréthidea) californica, how it travels Pristophora = Serridens : Pyramidula alternata, the sub-species of Pyramidula alternata var. knoxensis Pils., n. var. Pyramidula elrodi Pils. Publications received Quadrula andrewsii Marsh, n. sp. Quadrula lananensis meron n. sp. Rhode Island, the shell- bentine moles of Septide, a new term for Tritonide Serridens oblongus Cpr. Simpson, George B. Sphaerium partumeium Say. . 140 . 140 . 140 33, 37 138, 141 137, 138 137, 138 34, 37 14, 36 3, dks’ 5 Iske: 137, 137, 137, 138 140 138 . 138 138, 141 . 102 138, 137, 141 138 slOt e127 or LEH . 129 8 129 48 82 . 130 9, 24, 36, 84, 107 ma 7d 92, 104, 113, 130 . 108 . 144 2 LOT . 103 THE NAUTILUS. Strophitus wrightianus Walker, n. sp. Succinea nuttalliana Lea Tamiosoma Conrad, a sessile Gimede Tethys (Neaplysia) ritteri Cockerell, n. sp. Texas oil-well fossil : : Tornatellina inexpectata Pils., mn. sp. . Trachypleura triadomarchica : Trishoplita collinsoni var. casta Pils., n. var. Trishoplita hiugensis Pils., n. sp. : Truncatella stimpsoni panalupeeee Pils,, n-.var: Truncatella subeylindrica Linn. : Truncatella truncatula (Drap.) in the United Biates Unio, a new species of : Unio from Missouri, description of a new Unio from Tennessee, description of a new Unio from Texas, a new Unionidae of North America Unionidae, on the classification of Te Urocoptid, new Jamaican. Valvata bicarinata Lea. : : Valvata bicarinata normalis Walker, n. var. Valvata tricarinata Say. : : Valvata tricarinata confusa Walker, n. var. @. Valvata tricarinata simplex Gould Valvata tricarinata unicarinata eee Valvata utahensis Call. ears 5 Peultn 37, 50 11 or . 123 . 124 123, 127 . 123 . 123 . 123 . 124 Valvatas of the United States, a revision of the Menate Pal Vivipara stelmaphora Bat. of ipa in California Volutimitra, a new species of Volutimitra alaskana Dall., n. sp. Wagner Free Institute of Scienge: ieetaeee ious of Wetherby, Prof. A. G. Yoldia sapotilla Gould <2 91 . 102 . 108 ma tilal ees! 92° "ile “EFS serene cial Big AG tere os ad See vie a al » et =" ary, 4 e Te is os Oa i eas pata. cana See wae er he te as al gts bes ‘a . Sing - : ¥ oe pews WE Wg ea , baad we a F ae Ve a fis nia eB oh SE ee are cote amet OF eo ae ey Rages Raat yaa i ut ois = vee eee SAIC a6 eae eat ep ig ise ances a pa oy. A a eee ee i Bi ts ax oa ea nit. Sm nies Ey ie a ee i af - 5 ee a Ln, Per io not oe ad) Re ta. ay: tg, Fy he: Pa erriesetaaeet it ca ; 143 —e: Oa ba Fat a! we “aT has Taree . tye ake. ss 7 ae * “On? Ayame eae Ua tt ia ' v EGS, , Bey ND. i ae hae tee es ce eee GUS ie) aie. SA a ap nee ah odo. Seek. | Ue eee ot xe PrP. me Ns Bes cea es 514) pe iwi eoetke Hi ; 2 4 B41 aimee, / eae yee ia 0S ln ea hy a oe gael ee r af = < = “i i es ang eZ x —_ INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrich, T. H. Ancey, C. F. Baker, Frank C. Bartsch, Paul Carpenter, Horace F. . Clapp, Geo. H. Clarke, J. M. . Cockerell, T. D. A. Cooper, Mary Crandall, O. A. Dall, Wm. H. Elrod, Morton J. Fox, Wm. J. Fluck, Wm. H. . Frierson, Lorraine S. . Gaylord, Mrs. BE. M. Hedley, Charles . Henderson, J. B., Jr. . Hinkley, A. A. Ihering, H. von . Jarvis, P. W. Johnson, C. W. . Keep, Josiah Kelsey, F. W. Kendig, A. B. Marsh, Wm. A. . Nylander, Olof O. Pilsbry, Henry A. Simpson, C.T. . Stearns, R. E. C. : : ; 4 a 74 ae: 17, 59, 120 e258 92, 104, 113, 130 33, 133 = 107 72, 90, 109 . 109 25, 42, 54, 69 12, 40, 58, 89, 102, 127 86, 103, 110, 129 47 48 15 72 eee 13, 49, 73, 85 Hen 37, 50 ae . 85, 36, 46, 143 . 119 . 144 . 36 74, 115 + 197 . 6, 8, 18, 34, 39, 61, 83, 116, 119, 138, 141 16, 73, 79 ys 53, 91 (xi) xil THE NAUTILUS. Sterki, Vs; : ‘ : : : . ; . 66, 126 Vendryes, Henry 3 : ; : ‘ : te LO Walker, Bryant . 30, 63, 121 Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton ; : : : 5 9, 82 Winkley, Henry W. . ; s : : : . 83 EShe Bene + Set wAL Lay oon u 2 = + AO ‘ “ee et Pascgtrge wae tae ee 5 flo eeeeeh aeethel etki htt ceast wok Se Peat gh Lah heck gory s 4 ~ | Soe eoeptlticalie tT: 35 hie ae ‘ or mete) iy ahods: Thad Se any nae ; 4 a aS ‘al a a : 7 ; 7 ~ oC els PP wren aes a Aik : S BP - = Me Plas See | es ee eee _— i i " ‘ > i} if Bear fas? weil ay 7 : aaa . Leauge Angee ad Mwy need cs er Hs, CSAS AE IN ede ligt Poa s ide suk tHE. we — Eley ta Bite sistiny | & We ritas ee — Oe, on yo f ure PETIT Lc GES Mii alt cs td kHonanond Rates c = a en ae 1 in rs ae 8 : oe nek ; A o be - a 7 Fis +e a sh es i. ia Py earns tete) ieee Daas ook etd Se AMASAT ERT «= . ate .f axiaeeie FE tl vey Aine Mt Di aT = Cede Sppeet eae 3 = THE Na LOM NICIENORSE SAY PLATE If 12 VE DRYES: New JAMAICAN URocoPTriIp 2 (oe NAQTILUS. MAY, 1901. No. 1. Von. XV. NEW JAMAICAN UROCOPTIDE. BY HENRY VENDRYES. Cylindrella (Anoma) inusitata, Vendryes. PI. I, figs. 1 and 2. Shell much elongated, cylindrical, rimate, somewhat shining and transparent, color light brown; spire slightly tapering both above and below its greatest diameter, which is about the middle; truncate with the loss of 7 to 8 whorls, whorls remaining 11 to 12, planulate, shouldered by an early obsolete angle, the last detached and descending, strongly carinated at the base, the carina extending to the back of the aperture; stria waved, strong and compact, cross- ing the whorls obliquely and continued up to and many crossing over the edge of the suture, which appears fringed here and there by their intrusion ; aperture like that of Dunkeriana, but rather larger in proportion to the shell, and less oblique than in that species, well produced over the penult. whorl. Height 18 mm., greatest breadth above the middle of the spire, 34 mm.; aperture, 3 mm. high, 24 mm. wide. This species is remarkable for its produced and detached aper- ture, placing it in the same group to which princeps belongs. Specimens were received from Mr. Bancroft, who collected them on the mountains at Upper Leighton, near Spring Garden estate in the parish of Saint George. Cylindrella (Anoma) cognata, Vendryes. PI. I, figs. 3, 4. Shell rimate, cylindrical, elongated, color very light pale brown ; spire tapering from the last whorl to the summit; apex truncate, with the loss of 7 to 8 whorls, whorls remaining 11 to 12, subplan- 9 THE NAUTILUS. ulate, slightly shouldered, the last detached and descending, strongly carinated at the base, carina continued to the back of the aperture ; strie very strong and compact, irregularly spaced and waved here and there, some crossing over the sutures from one whorl to the other ; aperture as in ¢nusitata, but less elliptical, well produced be- yond the penult whorl. Height, 15 mm.; greatest breadth, 3 mm.; aperture, 25 mm. high, 2} mm. wide. I am indebted for specimens of this shell to Mr. Hart, at one time Superintendent of Public Gardens and Plantations in Jamaica, and now occupying a similar position in Trinidad, by whom they were collected at the government cinchona plantations in the mountains of Saint Andrew, about 5,500 feet above sea level. One of the specimens being alive, I obtained the radula, but failed in securing the beccal plate. The teeth are of the type common to MM. Crosse & Fischer’s first group A. of Cylindrelle. The animal is very small in proportion to the shell. It is spiral behind the man- tle, short, of a pearly-white color, slightly mixed with green, and marked with close-waved, narrow, longitudinal brown lines, not ex- tending to the lapping of the foot; head short, with a simple labial appendage, apparently incapable of much projection; eye peduncles short, slender, of a deep bistre color, except on the lips, where the color is like that of the body; eyes very black, placed on the bulb- shaped tips of the peduncles; tentacles short and very slender; foot broad and lance-shaped behind. The animal is very active for a Cylindrella. I* progresses by extending forward the forepart of the foot and drawing the afterpart up to it in a sort of wave. Part of the shell drags lightly on the ground and is carried forward with each fresh advance of the foot. Cylindrella (Anoma) propingua Vendryes. PI. 1, figs. 7, 8. Shell rimate, cylindrical, nearly white, under a light brown epi- dermis, which becomes paler towards the apex; the spire widens very gently from the base of the penult whorl to about one-third above it, where the greatest diameter is reached, and thence it tapers to the truncate apex; apex truncate with the loss of 8 to 9 whorls, whorls remaining 10, less deep and less flattened than on Dunkeriana, the first two above the base subangular about the periphery, the last more strongly carinated than in Dunkeriana, with the carina continued down to the base of the aperture; striaz very strong, compact and THE NAUTILUS. 3 wavy, extending across the whorls to the very edge of the well- impressed suture; aperture oblique like that of Dunkertana, but the peristome is thinner and is appressed above to the penult whorl. Height 13 mill., greatest breadth at the slender part of the spire 3 mill. The shell comes near to Dunkertana, but it has 10 whorls which are less planulate than on that species, and the striation is rather coarser and less regular; the color of Dunkertana is also different. Gloyne, in Journ. de Conch., vol. —, reports it as sdmidis from Belle- vue. Bland had identified them with great dount as s¢milis. On closer examination they turned out to be unlike s¢mz/is or any other Jamaican species of Anoma. Hab.: Bellevue, near Stony Hill, in the parish of Saint Andrews, (!) Vendryes. (!) Gloyne. Cylindrella (Thaumasia) sanguinea Pfeifter, var. perplexa Vendryes. Rie tes. 11, 12. This variety was collected at (!) Water House, an abandoned sugar estate, now turned into a grazing pen and negro provision grounds, in the upper northern portion of the Liguinea plain, where the lime- stone hills of the Red Hills range begin to rise. The aperture is produced and the peristome is detached all round; whilst in the typical sanguinea the peristome above is closely soldered to the body-whorl, and often so much attenuated at the point of attachment as to form a thin film. The shell is of medium size and dark colored ; there is a narrow line of a deeper tint than the ground color, but rather dingy, running next to the suture along the lower part of it and extending to within it. This form is very persistent in the locality mentioned. Cylindrella (Anoma) abnormis Vendryes. PI. I, figs. 5, 6. Shell deeply rimate, cylindrically elongated, color brown with a very slight tint of yellowish-red, shining ; spire broadly truncate with the loss of — whorls, whorls remaining 9, the last and the three fol- lowing it are more drawn out and consequently deeper than the remaining ones, the last is slightly narrower in diameter than the second, the second than the third, and the third than the fourth, thence the remaining whorls become less deep and gradually diminish in diameter to the truncated apex, so that the outline of the shell presents the form of a long, narrow, drawn-out purse, somewhat 4 THE NAUTILUS. bulging about the middle, and thence tapering towards the bottom ; whorls slightly convex, obtusely angulated at the periphery, sculp- tured with strong, thick lamella-like costule crossing the whorls obliquely, generally curvilinear, irregular in some places and wavy here and there, extending to the very shoulder of the whorls, the last whorl with a prominent carina which extends to the back of the base of the aperture close to the peristome ; suture well incised ; aperture inclining to the right, the plane very oblique, peristome thick, nearly white, smooth and shining, reflected all around, with a very large, strong, elevated knob close over the spot where the columellar lip should merge into the columella, and apparently arched over the space of the entering rima beneath. ‘Total length, 11 mm.; greatest breadth at middle of spire, 3 mm.; next above the aperture, 2 mm.; at the truncation, 2 mm. Vhis shell was collected by me among fine earth and vegetable debris taken from the roadsides near to Brown’s Towu, in the parish of Saint Ann. Unfortunately, as its presence was only revealed to me when searching this debris some time afterwards at home, no note was kept of the exact habitat and station. It is as yet unique in my collection. It is unlike any species of Anoma with which I am acquainted, and its peculiarities would seem to warrant the creation of a new subgenus, or at least of a special section to receive it. The reasons for this appear to me to be as cogent as were those which led to the creation of the subgenus Chittya for Geomelania sinuosa. Cylindrella (Thaumasia) instabilis Vendryes. PI. I, figs. 9, 10. Shell ovate-cylindrical, solid, rimate; color dark-sanguineous, not unlike that of some specimens of Cyl. sanguinea, but the sur- face of znstabih’s exhibits in most specimens semi-hydrophanous, more or less wide, transverse patches sparsely and irregularly occurring, and apparently produced by some indistinct lesions of the very thin epidermis; spire describing a well-drawn-out ovate outline ; apex broadly truncate with the loss of 6 to 7 of the earlier volutions, whorls remaining 7 to 8, almost entirely plane in some examples, or moderately convex in others, subarcuately, obliquely and _ closely costulate striz ; the last whorl not detached in some examples, and detached and produced in others, and generally more strongly sculptured than the penult and other whorls, with a well-pro- THE NAUTILUS. 5 nounced carina at the base; suture lightly impressed and submar- gined ; aperture slightly oblique, circular in some examples or trans- versely narrowed in others; peristome slightly tinged with the prevailing ground color of the shell, well expanded all around and reflected, not continuous above, but attenuated or reduced to a mere film and appressed to the body whorl in some examples, or in others detached and continuous, and produced outward near the upper part of the right side of the aperture and with a sinus or notch on the produced part. Long., 24 to 25 mm.; diam. at middle of spire, 9 to 10 mm.; aperture with peristome appressed, 8 mm. high and wide; when produced and with peristome detached, 6 mm. high, and 6 to 7 mm. wide. In several of its characters this species is rather inconsistent. In specimens found side by side and manifestly of the same brood, some examples show strong affinities with Thauwmasia sanguinea, others with Thaumasia cylindrus, others again with Gongylostoma lata (? Thaumasia lata), in so far that it becomes often very difficult to locate them decisively. In the two specimens figured, one has the lip appressed, as in sanguinea; in the other it is detached and expanded towards the right side of the aperture and bears a notch or sinus. In one the sculpture is decidedly like that of sanguinea, on the other it is like that of eylindrus, but stronger. In specimens with the aperture but slightly produced and the peristome uninterrupted by attenuation and adhesion to the body whorl, or produced and not bearing a sinus, the resemblance to /ata is very great. Habitat: (!) Phoenix Park, near the Monarque in the parish of. Saint Ann; (!) environs of Brown’s Town in the same parish. NOTES ON MESESCHIZA GROSVENORII LEA. It is now over thirty-seven years since Mr. Lea described this spe- cies, and additional specimens have not been reported. In his Mono- graph of the family Strepomatide, Mr. Tryon says, in a foot-note page 350, “ every specimen examined shows evidence of diseased growth.” In the description, the location of notch is stated to be inconstant or wanting. Admitting then that the notch of this species is a de- formity, where should the specimens described by Mr. Lea be placed ? The notch being a deformity, the genus would not stand, because that 6 THE NAUTILUS. is the distinguishing point of the genera, like the fissure of Schizos- toma. I am of the opinion that Mr. Lea’s specimens are young Angitrema armigera Say, for the following reasons: The young of armigera is generally smooth, is fusiform, thin, obtusely conical and of various shades and markings, from a light straw-color to purple, occasionally seven banded while six is common; the aperture is large and rhomboidal, obtuse longitudinal thickenings are common on body whorl, a light line under the suture is also common in banded and purple specimens, base channel well defined. Polar point of the operculum well removed from the margin. There is no other species found in the Wabash that has so many points of resemblance ; about the only point of difference is the number of whorls, five to six in the young armigera I have, while Mr. Lea’s description says seven. There are some other species I think must be referred to Angitrema armigera, but additional specimens from other localities are needed A. A. HINKLEY. to fully determine the identity. THE SUBSPECIES OF PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Pyramidula alternata knoxensis, n. v. A more robust, larger shell than typical P. ulternata, with more widely open umbilicus ; dull rusty brown, with comparatively incon- spicuous or much-reduced flame-markings. Whorls 54, not carinated. Sculpture of fine and even rib-strix, but little weaker on the base, the whole covered with a secondary sculpture of fine wrinkles, partially cuticular, and running a little more obliquely than the rib-strie. This minute wrinkling is barely visible to the naked eye, but is much stronger than in other forms of P. alternata, and gives the surface a peculiarly dull appearance. Alt. 11, diam. 23, width of umbilicus 6£ mm. (Knox Co., Tenn.). Alt. 11, diam. 23, width of umbilicus 7 mm. (Laurel Creek Gap). Alt. 15, diam. 25, width of umbilicus 7} mm. (Hazel Creek). This remarkable race of P. alternata belongs, so far as we know, to the valleys of the western slope of the Great Smoky mountains, extending into the valley of East Tennessee. It was first found by Mrs. George Andrews, in Knox county, Tenn. During the past summer Mr, Jas. H, Ferriss found it in Cade’s Cove, at Laurel Creek | THE NAUTILUS. i Gap and Hazel Creek. We saw nothing of it on higher elevations in the Great Smokies, the localities mentioned lying below 2000 ft. elevation. In the collection of Geo. H. Clapp there is a single shell from the Jas. Lewis coll. Jabeled “ Philadelphia, Monroe Co., Tenn.,”’ probably collected by Miss Law, and measuring: Alt. 18, diam. 24, umbilicus 7} mm. No intergrades with typical P. alternata, P. a. carinata or P. a. costata lave been observed: It is remarkable for the strong devel- opment of the secondary sculpture, with fine primary sculpture of rib- striz, the unkeeled, capacious whorls, wide umbilicus, and dead, rusty surface. Messrs. Clapp and Ferriss agree with me in considering this a strongly differentiated subspecies. The following subspecies of P. alternata are now recognized : P. alternata (Say). P. alternata fergusoni (Bld.). N.Y. to Md. P. alternata rarinotata Pils. Texas. P. alternata carinata Pils. Pa. to Tenn., in western division ot the Appalachian Mt. system. P. alternata knoxensis Pils. Knox, Blount and Monroe Cos., Tenn. P. alternata costata ‘ Lewis’ Clapp. Greaty Smoky Mts. P. alternata mordax (Shuttl.). Great Smoky Mts. (?) The last variety has not yet been rediscovered ; the ‘*mordax”’ in collections being referable, so far as I have seen, to a strongly-ribbed form of P. alternata, which has not been named; and not fulfilling the requirements of Shuttleworth’s diagnosis. P. alternata carinata includes strongly angular or keeled, but finely striate shells of the mountainous region from western Pennsylvania to Tennessee. It was defined in my paper on Rhoads’ Tennessee shells ; and is not known to occur in the Tenn.-N. C. boundary ranges. I have never seen any true intergrades between P. alternata and P. cumberlandiana, and consider the latter a well-defined species. There is also a color var. a/ba Tryon, of P. alternata (Amer. Journ. of Conch. ii, p. 261, and Monog. Terr. Moll. U.S., p. 49). This occurs abundantly in certain localities within the area of typical alternata. ‘Thus in Philadelphia, a/ba is found along the Wissahickon Creek, while in other localities in this vicinity the ordinary a/ternata is found. This color-var. is not really white, but merely albinistic ; it lacks the spots and flames of the typical form. It is also found in Michigan, ete. 8 THE NAUTILUS. GENERAL NEWS. POLYGYRA THYROIDES SANCTISIMONIS n. var.—Spire more conic than in thyroides, composed of 53 whorls which are more closely coiled; body-whorl decidedly more depressed; umbilicus open. Aperture smaller than in thyroides, transversely elliptical, being much less rounded than in thyrotdes, Shell rather solid, with opaque cuticle, often more yellow than in thyroides. Alt. 15, diam. 23 mm. St. Simon’s Island, Georgia.—H. A. PiLspry. HEeELIcOSTYLA CARINATA Lea, and H. pacrytus Brod.—In the Manual of Conchology, vili, p. 22, I showed that Lea’s Bulimus cari- natus is identical with and was published prior to Bulinus dactylus Brod., and consequently should be accepted in place of the latter. This decision must now be reversed, on account of the earlier Ba/i- mus carinatus Perry, 1811, which preoccupies Lea’s name, and which I was not aware of when the ruling was made.—H. A. Pitssry. Nore ON two species OF CANTHARIDUS.—It has not been noticed, I believe, that Bulimus eximus Perry, Conchology, pl. 30, f. 2 (1811), is identical with Cantharidus badius Wood (18—), and is C. peronit Phil. (1850). Perry’s figures are very good, for him, and quite recognizable. He gives Bulimus carinatus Perry, f. 1, Van Diemen’s Land as locality for the former, New Holland for the latter species. So far as I can see, his names will stand for these species.—H. A. PILsBry. AmpHIpRoMUs L&vus (Miull.).—In my account of this species in the Manual of Conchology (1900) the ‘Helix leva” of Miller was called Amphidromus levis. Mr. G. H. Chadwick has called my attention to the mistake, Miiller’s word being the adjective /erus, left, referring to the sinistral or “left-handed ”’ coil of the shell. —H. A. P. A new Triassic Cuiron,—Mr. Otto Jaekel describes (Zeitschr. der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, vol. 52, 1900, p. 9) a new form from Riidersdorf as Trachypleura triadomarchica. All of the THE NAUTILUS. 9 valves are preserved in place, with fragments of the girdle. The valves lack insertion-plates, and also otherwise have the general characters of the modern Lepidopleurus, while the girdle is armed with spines which are believed by Jaekel to have been calcareous. The length, without girdle, is about 16, breadth 9 mm. The genus is evidently extremely like Lepidopleurus in hard parts, and so far as the figures and description show, indistinguishable from the recent genus except in the character of the girdle armature. It is quite unlike any of the known Paleozoic genera.—H. A. P. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. SyNopsis OF THE FamiLy CARDIIDH AND OF THE NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES. By Witittam Hearey Dati. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. VoL. xxii, pp. 381-392, 1900.—As Tryon and Pils- bry’s ** Manual of Conchology ” does not yet include Pelecypoda, the necessity for monographs giving the latest investigations in system- atic changes is apparent. Students are deeply indebted to Dr. Wm. H. Dall for his recent monographs on several families of bivalve mollusks, including the Mactracea, Diplodontide, Leptonacea, Psam- mobiidz, Solenidz, Tellinidee and Cardiidx. In the bulletin on Cardiidz there are no plates, but there is a bibli- ography followed by a synopsis of the family which includes a ‘ sub- division of the family included as a whole.” The ‘“ brackish water forms associated with Adacna” are no longer included in this family. The principal changes in nomenclature of the East American species since Dr. Dall’s ‘‘ Marine Mollusks of the South Eastern Coast,’’ are as follows: Cardium magnum Born is included under the name of ©. (Dino- eardium) robustum Solander, which is the older name ; this does not include C. magnum Linneus, which Dr. Dall thinks is probably C. (Trachycardium) leucostoma Born. In subgenus Papyridea, spino- sum takes the place of bud/utum, or bullata, of * many authors but not of Linneus,” and P. petitianum Orbigny is a synonym of P. semisul- catum Gray. Liocardium levigatum is a synonym of Cardium (Levicardium) serratum Linneus. The West American species include Cardiums found in the Gulf of California and ranging further south. This adds to the number of West Coast species. 10 THE NAUTILUS. Collectors who have readily detected a varietal difference in the lighter weight of shells sent out as Cardium nuttallii Conrad, may regret that these shells are not recognized even as a variety, but are included in the synonym of Cardium (Cerastoderma) corbis Martyn. Cardium blandum Gould is a synonym of C. (Cerastoderma) califor- niensis Deshayes. Cardium (Cerastoderma) ciliatum O. Fabricius (C. islandicum Chemnitz (a synonym) and Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin are Arctic sea species that are found on the Atlantic and Pacific shores. Cardium aspersum Sowerby is listed as a variety of the eastern coast Cardium ( Papyridea) spinosum. Dr. Dall says Cardium (Levicardium) elatum Sowerby ‘is the b] largest species of the genus.’”” We have often noted the variation in shape of some of the large cardiums of the West Coast; he says of these oval and rotund forms that they may possibly be correlated MB: W.. with sex. Description OF A NEw SpEcIES OF UNIO FROM THE CRETA- ceous Rocks or THE Nanaimo Coat Fietp. By J. F. Whiteaves (Ottawa Naturalist, XIV., Jan., 1901). Unio nanaimoensis n, sp. Unio hubbardi Gabb is stated to be from the Cowgitz coal mine, on Graham Island, one of the Queen Charlotte Is., and probably did not come from Vancouver Island, as originally reported. NoTrres ON soME LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA FROM Fort Cuimo, Uncava Bay. By J. F. Whiteaves (Ottawa Nat., XIV., March, 1901). The specimens were collected by Mr. W. Spreadborough in 1896, and comprise Limna@a palustrus var. vahliit Planorbis arcticus (which may be only a synonym of P. parvus,”’) Valwata sincera and Pisidium steenbuckit. Notices of previous rec- ords of non-marine mollusks of Labrador are given. AppITions TO THE MARINE MOoOLLuscA OF THE BERMUDAS. By A. E. Verrill and Katherine J. Bush. Tue NUDIBRANCHS AnD NAKED TECTIBRANCHS OF THE Bermupas. By A. E. Verrill. (Trans, Conn. Acad. of Sci., X., 1900). The additions to the fauna recorded in these articles are mostly from the collection made at the Bermudas in April and May, 1898, by the Yale scien- tifie party under Professor Verrill. In the first paper about 80 species are recorded for the first time from the Bermudas, 25 of THE NAUTILUS. 11 them being described as new, among them a new Siphonaria, 6 Eulima, several Odostomia and Cecum. In dealing with the 7er- bonillide, the groups Mumiola and Mormula (Adams, 1864) are sub- ordinated to Pyrgostelis (Monterosato, 1884), though Adams’ names have priority. The dentition of Synaptocochlea picta is figured, and its operculum said to have few whorls. In the second ;aper, Prof. Verrill records Aplysia dactylomela, A. Willcox (?) and A. megaptera n. sp. The latter is a fine species a foot long. Pleurobranchopsis is a new genus for P. aurantiaca n. sp., a form with no shell, mantle-edge free throughout, gill sessile ; the radula and jaws are not described. 6 species of Doridide are described. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, III, Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida.—We have more than once in these pages alluded to the importance of this publication to the general student of recent mollusks, no less than to the paleon- tologist. The production of such a work is evidence of an enlight- ened appreciation of the value of these investigations, on the part of the Trustees of the Wagner Institute, no less than a high ideal of scientific work on the part of the author, Professor Wm. H. Dall. The esteem in which the 7ransactions are held by foreign students is shown by a recent letter from the Australian conchologist, Charles Hedley, an extract from which we venture to print: ‘‘] am most gratified at receiving the volume on the Tertiary Mol- lusca of Florida, but in thanking you for the copy I must also thank you for the labor you have placed at the disposal of every student. I cannot sufficiently express what a boon to me is the generic revision of the various groups. After struggling with the scanty and perplex- ing literature of bivalve hinge structure, I can greet your work as a ship-wrecked mariner might greet the shore. For instance, I have had a quiet little fight with Mysel/a and have drawn the hinges ready for publication. But I had laid aside the notes and sketches till I could better comprehend the matter. My unsuccessful struggles at least enabled me to appreciate the cost of labor and talent in produc- ing the synonymy of Rochefortia. Those who have daily intercourse with fellow workers, who can consult great museums and splendid libraries, will thank you in their turn. But as a scientific exile, without these advantages, allow me to tell you how your Mollusca 12 THE NAUTILUS. of Florida smooths my path, so that I may do with accuracy and speed what I formerly did slowly and painfully.” Apology is due to Mr. Hedley for this unauthorized use of a pri- vate letter, and also to Professor Dall.—Ebps. CORRESPONDENCE. Epitors Nauritus: In the remarks of our friend Hemphill, on pp. 139-140 of the April number, some of us are called to order for a phraseology which is not altogether agreeable to him and other workers on the Pacific coast, and may properly be modified in the interest of their feelings. I refer to expressions which refer to the habitual nomenclature of some shell under discussion, in the cabinets of collectors on the Pacific shores, as in error. I suppose I have been one of those whom he criticises; for being familiar with most of the West coast collections, lists and nomenclature, it has often seemed useful to refer to the name in common use on the other side of the continent, when in the course of monographic revision it has been found to be untenable. But I should like to assure Mr. Hemphill and all others who have been displeased by such expressions that nothing was farther from my mind than to reflect on the care or desire for accuracy of West Coast workers. I have been of and among them so many years that I feel entitled to claim a place in their ranks, and a large part of the work I have done has been intended to assist them to the extent of my ability. No one is infallible, at least outside of the Vatican. No one can correct the errors of a nomenclature at one fell swoop, so to speak. I have named many thousands of shells for West Coast cor- respondents, and I have named many of them wrong. That is, I have given names which were at the time in current use, but which subse- quent researches have shown to be untenable. If Methuselah was a conchologist, he probably did better toward the end of his career, and the heirs of his original correspondents profited thereby. But alas! these are degenerate days, and in forty years or so one does not ferret out all anterior mistakes. ‘Therefore if one’s gratuitous service does not prove infallible, and one’s expressions not invariably happy, let our West coast friends hold fast to the theory of friendly intent, and believe we at the East mean to do our best by them every time. —Wwm. H. Datu. see NA ai Lae:s, Von Vv. JUNE, 1901. No. 2. COLLECTING IN HAITI. J. B. HENDERSON, JR. On the 30th of November last, Mr. C. T. Simpson, of the Smith- sonian Institution, Mr. Robert T. Hill, of the Geological Survey and myself, sailed from New York for Haiti with the intention of mak- ing as thorough conchological exploration of that island as a time limit of two months would permit. Although Haiti bas been visited by Bland, Sallé, Rolle, Weinland and others, it may yet be con- sidered almost a terra incognita to the collector of land shells. Many of its great mountain ranges and deep valleys have never been reached by naturalists; even its more aecessible regions have been but superficially examined. Imagination gilds the unknown, and we debarked at Cap Hatien eager to get into the field without a moment’s delay. Cap Hatien is situated -upon the coastal margin of an extensive plain ; but just back of the town rises an isolated group of high hills which appear to have no connection with the northern main range of mountains. These hills are composed of hard, flinty rock, re- sembling the formation of the Blue Mountains of Eastern Jamaica. In the absence of limestone they support a scant molluscan fauna, and our first day’s collecting proved a bitter disappointment. Not more than fifteen species rewarded our most diligent labors, but among these were some interesting finds—notably a Lucidella of de- cided Jamaican affinities. Leaving Cap Haitien we made our first interior journey horse- back to Milot, at the foot of the main range, where amid the ruins of the famons palace of Sans Souci and in the dungeons of the old 14 THE NAUTILUS. fortress of La Ferriére we hoped to discover the habitat of that prince of American Helices—Pleurodonte gigantea. At an elevation of about 3000 feet, we came upon the first evidences of our game in the numerous dead shells of that superb species. Scattered about the bases of huge limestone fragments which were heavily draped and festooned in richest tropic verdure were thousands of dead P. gigantea, but not a trace of a living animal. We remained several days at Milot, but captured only three living examples of gigantea and took not more than a dozen fairly good cabinet specimens. Although disappointed in this respect we were cheered by a splendid bag of Cylindrellas, Helicinas, smaller Helices, Stenogyra (s. s.) Opeas, Subulina and several Tudora and Ohondropoma. One of the finest Helices of the West Indies is the large and ex- ceedingly handsome P. undulata. This species is abundant about the foot of the mountains near Milot. Swarms of half naked chil- dren followed us about, often annoying us to the point of despera- tion, but these bright little urchins proved to be clever collectors. Finding that we rejected all dead shells of P. undulata, they brought us worn and useless specimens into the apertures of which they had carefully inserted large slugs. As this method failed them they re- covered some living but immature specimens which we had thrown away, and extracting the animals, they reset them in dead shells and solemnly offered them to us again. The most notable catch on the mountain of La Ferriére is a small operculate with free whorls all in the same plane, probably a new genus. Returning to Cape Haitien we took a steamer for Port au Prince, where we remained a full week, collecting most industriously in the neighborhood. The excessive dryness of the season caused living land shells to be scarce, but we succeeded in making a remarkably good catch, notwithstanding adverse conditions. In this part of the island the larger Helices disappear; P. wndulata is replaced by the smaller P. erispata and a larger proportion of operculates is apparent. Macroceramus is encountered and Oylindrella is more abundant. The prevailing type of operculate in this part of the island is represented by the well-known Chondropoma semilabre, barrel- shaped, whitish in color and with a descending and slightly free last whorl. This last characteristic runs through nearly all the Cyclo- stomacea of the island. As a persistent feature it finds no counter- part elsewhere in the West Indies. THE NAUTILUS. 15 Perhaps the particular feature of our Haitian journeys was our trip to Lake Assuei, one of the two great interior lakes of Haiti and Santo Domingo. The fauna of this large body of water is wholly unknown and there can be no doubt that its clear depths would furnish many treasures to the zodlogist provided with a good dredge. But we had neither dredge nor boat. An examination of one-half mile of shore line revealed a Hydrobia and a Physa, but no trace of Naiades or Spheria. Amid the grandest scenery, we collected over the mountains north of the lake with fairly good success. One Chondropoma (evidently new) should receive some name signifying ** splendid.”’ In a grove of very large trees near the lake we experienced sev- eral hours of the keenest delight in gathering Liguus virginea and Pleurodonte bizonalis. The former is no doubt the most beautiful of all land shells; the latter is considered a rarity. I know of no more thrilling experience than our sudden discovery of a hundred of these exquisite Liguus. At St. Mark, Jeremie and Jacmel we toiled like madmen to ex- haust those regions of their special faunz,; our catch from the last two stations being principally in Oylindrella, Helicina, Glandina, Eutrochatella and the smaller helices of the Cepolis group. The collection about Jeremie is exceedingly rich, but the unfriendliness of the natives is more pronounced at that city than elsewhere in the island. One can scarcely picture a more promising-looking region for snail life than the environs of Jacmel. There are mountains and deep valleys, shaded and cool, sparkling streams, moisture and limestone, everywhere. We were amazed, however, to find the region almost barren of mollusks, a fact that seems wholly unaccountable. Fortunately time seems to magnify in the mind the pleasant features of rough travel, while disagreeable episodes gradually fade from the memory. ‘The oppressive climate, the wretched food and accommodations, the unsanitary condition of the cities, the vermin and larger insect pests, the stupid ignorance and arrogance of the official classes, the difficulties of interior travel, render Haiti all but impossible. We left Jacmel for Kingston, Jamaica, rejoicing in our flight from that land of dark superstition and filth. Our material has not yet been overhauled, but I may, with due caution, state that Haiti is not so rich conchologically as Jamaica or 16 THE NAUTILUS. parts of Cuba, though richer probably than is Porto Rico. The distribution of its shel!s is far more general than as recorded in Crosse’s list, and the affinities between the faunas of North Haiti and Cuba and South Haiti and Jamaica are not so decidedly marked as heretofore supposed. The presence of a large number of the Thaumasia group of Uro- coptide in the Southern peninsula is significant, yet we encountered Lucidella, Stoastoma and a probable Sagda in the north. ALASMIDONTA MARGINATA SAY. In the April number of the Nautilus Professor Charles Le Roy Wheeler calls attention to the above species and is in doubt whether this name should be applied to the somewhat solid, inflated, rhom- boid western shell, or the less inflated, thinner, triangular form from the Atlantic drainage. I am glad Professor Wheeler has called attention to this, because at the time I made up the account of Say’s species for the Synopsis I overlooked the fact that it had just been published in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, In Dr. Dall’s copy of the paper on Conchology by Say in the third edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, Say says: ‘* Found in the river—”’ leaving it to be understood that he was not certain where it was found. Immediately after the dash there is written in ink ‘* Delaware.” The description is not very clear, but I was inclined to believe that it applied better to the eastern than the western form. Say says that his shell is transversely oblong-suboval, and this outline applies best to the eastern shell, which is often irregularly obovate, while the western form is almost invariably rhomboid. He states that it is bluish-white within, with a white margin. The eastern form is sometimes colored within in this way; in the western speci- mens the border is generally darker than the rest of the interior. The length given, 24 inches, agrees better, I think, with the eastern shell than with the western one, which runs from 3 to 44 inches, though of course Say might have had a young specimen of the heavy rhomboid form before him. He says that it was communicated to him by Mr. Lea, who found it in the Scioto River. I am doubtful whether Dr. Lea ever col- THE NAUTILUS. 17 lected in that river. Most of his shells from Ohio were collected by Mr. T. G. Lea or other resident collectors in the State. It is probable that Say’s type is lost. I could not find it when I went over the Academy’s collection and made notes on his species, and since the publication of Professor Wheeler’s note Mr. Vanatta has kindly made a search for it, and fails to find it. I confess that I am in doubt as to what Mr. Say had before him when he described his Alasmidonta marginata, though I am imclined to think it was the eastern form. In case it should be shown that Say’s name applies to the western shell, the name Alasmidonta varicosa Lamarck, could probably be used for the Atlantic drainage species. NEW VARIETIES OF FRESH WATER SHELLS. BY FRANK C. BAKER. Limnza reflexa jolietensis, 1). var. Limnea reflera attenuata, Baker (non Say), Trans. St. Louis ead. Sci., Vol. IX, p. 20, pl. 1, fig..4,.190h Shell with an attenuated spire, the whorls, seven in number, being very convex and the sutures very deeply impressed ; aperture about a third the length of the entire shell, ovate, thickened on the inside by a heavy callus; peristome thin; columella covered by a heavy callus and with a prominent plait; color light horn, frequently blackened by the carbon dioxide in the water, aperture of same color, the internal callus edged with dark brown or red. Length 24.00; width 8.00; aperture length 9.50; width 5.25 mill. Length 25.00; width 7.75; aperture length 9.00; width 5.00 mill. Length 22.00; width 7.00; aperture length 8.75; width 4.75 mill. Length 29.00 mill. (Bryant Walker collection). Distribution: Joliet, Illinois (J. H. Ferriss); Saginaw River, Michigan (Bryant Walker). Remarks: In the publication mentioned above the writer was led into the error of identifying the Joliet specimens as attenuata Say. Mr. Bryant Walker, to whom specimens were sent, has called the writer’s attention to the true characters of attenuata and to the fact that the Joliet specimens are a distinct and undescribed variety of refleca. The peculiar loosely coiled whorls, attenuated spire and labiate lip will easily distinguish this variety. 18 THE NAUTILUS. In Bull. No. 3, Vol. II, of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the writer published an account of the anatomy of Limnea emarginata var. Mighelsi in which several errors appeared. ‘The first was the position of the kidney and ureter as figured on plate VI. K. U. An examination of a larger and more perfect specimen shows the shape and position to be different, the ureter really proceeding from the anterior end and extending in a straight line to the edge of the mantle. It is needless to add that the renal organs, as figured on this plate, do not exist in the fresh water pulmonates. On plate III of the same paper is given a figure of the genitalia in which a flagellum is described (E. F.). This is the vas deferens and the duct thought to be the vas deferens is the penis retractor muscle. NEW LAND SHELLS FROM THE LOO CHOO ISLANDS AND JAPAN. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Mr. Hirase, continuing his researches, has recently taken steps to procure shells of the Loo Choo Islands; some of the first-fruits being noticed below. He writes: ‘‘ I have sent two able collectors, in the hope that I may procure for study the land shells of Kiushiu and Loo Choo. They were sent at first, on February 28d last, to Yaeyama, in the Loo Choos, for a stay of two months ; but because of malaria they were obliged to leave, and thus spent only twenty days there. They are now working in the neighboring island of Nawa, in the Loo Choo group.” Among the species sent from Yaeyama are Olausilia hyperoptyx Pils., C. Stearnsii Pils., Bifidaria armigerella Reinh., and Georissa japonica Pils. The last two species were originally described from the maiu island of Japan, Hondo; and their occurrence in the middle Loo Choo group extends their distribution notably. The specimens are, however, quite typical. The finding of a typical species of the Chinese group Buliminopsis, B. metacoshimensis A. & R., which Mr. Hirase sends from Yaeyama Island, and a species of Tornatellina, is extremely interesting. The latter genus has not been reported nearer than Luzon, so far as I know. Of Buliminop- sis two species have been described from the Loo. Choo. Isiaes: meiacoshimensis Adams and Reeve, described as a Bulimus, and TAK NAUTILUS. 19 hitherto referred to Stenogyra, and B. turritus Gude, described as Ganesella, though Mr. Gude suggests that it may be a Buliminopsis. Although I formerly thought twrrita a Ganesella, the sculpture of fresh specimens is so similar to Buliminopsis that I have now little doubt that Gude’s surmise was correct. It resembles the Chinese B. buliminoides Hde. in shape, but the latter, from a specimen re- ceived from Pere Heude, is narrower and less acutely keeled. Dr. Fritz Wiegmann has recently shown that uliminopsis has essen- tially the organization of the genus Hulota, and therein is perhaps nearest to Cathaica. His investigations show that there are no im- portant anatomical differences between the numerous subgenera which I have subordinated to Hulota. The characters intergrade by easy stages. Even Buliminopsis is anatomically an Lulota. At Shunashiri, Loo Choo groxp, a form of Hulota ( Plectotropis) scepasma Pfr. occurred, having 64 whorls and a more depressed con- tour, being thus more acutely carinate. It measures, alt. 105, diam. 21 mm., and is densely covered, like the typical form, with short, triangular, cuticular scales. Plectotropis pachysoma Ehrmann, is evidently a synonym of typical #. seepasma. Trishoplita collinsoni var. casta nov. Shell rather openly umbili- cate, depressed, with conic spire; white with a brown line at the periphery, showing above the suture on the spire. Surface shining, minutely striate, rather faintly decussate beneath, microscopically papillose. Whorls 6, slowly widening, the last very obsoletely an- gular at the periphery, becoming rounded towards the aperture, con- vex beneath. Aperture oblique, shortly oval, slightly lunate, the penultimate whorl excising a segment of about one-fourth the cir- cumference of the peristome; lip white, narrowly expanded above, the outer and basal margins reflexed. Alt. 8.6, diam. 12.5; length of aperture 5.5, width 6.3 mm. Alt. 10, diam. 12; length of aperture 6, width 7 mm. Obi, Prov. Hyuga, in eastern Kiushiu (Mr. Y. Hirase). This species is somewhat more conical than 7. tosana Gude,’ with an umbilicus of about the same width or a little smaller. It has about the form but not the coloration of 7. eretacea var. bipartita, and is apparently allied to 7. collinsoni (A. Ad.) and T. lischkeana (Kob.), both of which have similar coloration. 7, collinsoni was de- scribed from ‘‘ Tago,”’ which I take to be Tako, a place at the west- 1 The name tosana Gude has three days priority over suprazonata Pilsbry. 20 THE NAUTILUS. ern end of Shikoku Island. It has not been figured, but is said to be * globoso-conica,” “late perforata,’ with a wide peripheral band and lunate aperture. None of these terms would I apply to the shells before me, though it is by no means impossible that my species is a variety of that of Adams. 7. Mischkeana is from Hagi, on the north coast of western Hondo. It is a smaller shell than 7. casta, with narrower umbilicus. When these forms of 7rishoplita are bet- ter known, I believe they will be seen to fall under a few specific heads, like the peliomphala group of Euhadra. It is likely that col- linsoni, casta, lischkeana, bipartita and cretacea are varying races of one species, and will be found to intergrade on the confines of their several areas. 7’ collinson? is the senior name for the group, which has about the distribution of Haudota eallizona var. maritima G. & P. —Shikoku, eastern Kiushiu and western Hondo. Trishoplita hingensis n. sp. Shell depressed, rather narrowly umbilicate, brownish yellow, the suture bordered below with a nar- row white band; very glossy, finely striatulate. Spire low-conie, the apex obtuse. Whorls 44, convex, the last slightly deflexed in front, indistinctly angular at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on the latter portion. Convex beneath. Aperture shaped like that of 7. tosana, the lip expanded, reflexed below. Alt. 6.4, diam. 9.4—9.8 mm. Obi, Prov. Hyuga, Kiushiu (Mr. Y. Hirase). A smaller, less conoidal form than 7. tosana or T. dacoste, with fewer whorls. It is No. 601 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. Kaliella Austeniana n. sp. Shell distinctly perforate, turbinate-conic, thin, light reddish brown. Surface very minutely sculptured with densely crowded rib-stri#, which give it a silken luster, and give place on the more glossy base to slight growth-wrinkles and fine spiral striz. Whorls nearly 6, very convex, the first one sculptured with much more spaced rib-striw ; last whorl obtusely subangular at the periphery, quite convex beneath. Aperture oblique, rather broadly crescent shaped; peristome simple and thin, the columellar margin dilated above. Alt. 2.7, diam. 6.2 mm. Yaeyama Island (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 627). In this species the minute striz continue below the periphery, and form a silken band around the base, the central two-thirds of which is more glabrous. This has been noticed in /uconulus, Guppya, CHE NAUTILUS. 21 etc., also. The spaced costulation of the initial whorl is a character- istic though not invariable feature of Kadliella. Tt is named in honor of Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, whose work on the Indian Zonitide is destined to become a malacological classic. Kaliella yaeyamensis n. sp. Shell narrowly perforate, rather low conic, thin, reddish brown. Surface slightly shining above, glossy beneath, sculptured with rib- striz comparatively coarse for a Kaliella (but still very fine), contin- uing on the first whorl, obsolete on the base, and excessively minute spiral stria. Whorls 43, moderately convex, the last angular (but not acutely so) at the periphery, not very convex peneath. Aper- ture oblique, broadly crescentic, the lip thin and simple, dilated at the columellar insertion. Alt. 2, diam. 3 mm. Yaeyama Island (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 625). With K. nahaensis Gude, this makes three species of Kaliella now known from the Loo Choo Islands. A. nahaensis has fine, almost subobsolete strie, and a peripheral keel, thus differing decidedly from the two species described above. Kaliella ruida n. sp. Shell perforate, in shape resembling M/ferocystina ceratodes (Gude). Acutely keeled, thin, brown, somewhat translucent, sculptured above and in a band around the base, below the periphery, with sharp, close and regular rib-striw ; the rest of the base glossy, with very minute spirals only. Whorls 84, moderately convex above, the last quite convex beneath. Aperture wide-crescentic, peristome thin, fragile. Alt. 2, diam. 3.5 mm. Gojo, Prov. Yamato, Japan (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 607). I am disposed to believe this shell, of which but two specimens were sent, is not full grown, and will be found to attain a larger size; but the sculpture is so conspicuous and so unlike any known species of similar shape, that its recognition will be easy. Georissa luchuana n. sp. Shell small, globose-turbinate, dull red, composed of nearly 34 very convex whorls, the first glossy and smooth, with rather large apex, the rest rapidly increasing, closely and regularly striated or lirulate spirally. Last whorl large and obese. Aperture oblique, 22 THE NAUTILUS. half-circular ; outer lip simple; columella heavily calloused, wide and somewhat flattened. Length 2.1, diam. 1.85 m. Yaeyama Island, Loo Choo group (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 623). A species relatively much shorter and wider than the related G. japonica Pils., which occurs also on Yaeyama. Dr. v. M6llendorff has recently redescribed G. japonica as a new species, not knowing of my earlier description. He used the same specific name (Nachrbl. 1901, p. 45). Diplommatina insularum n. sp. Shell minute, imperforate, amber-colored or corneous, cylindric- oblong, the penult whorl widest, those above forming a gradually tapering spire, sculptured with delicate, rather close rib-strie. Whorls 67, convex, the last narrower than the preceding, ascending to the aperture, somewhat constricted in front. Aperture circular, the peristome continuous, outer lip doubled; columella acutely toothed; palatal fold short. Length 2.8, diam. 1.4, alt. of aperture with peristome 1 mm, Yaeyama, Loo Choo Islands (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 620). This is a decidedly more tapering species than D. cassa. JD. nipponensis is less slender and smoother, and D. kobelt? is larger and more pyramidal. All of these are dextral forms. Paxillus lyratus Gld. may be closely allied, possibly identical; but the description is not sufficient for critical comparison. Cyclotus Hirasei n. sp. Shell broadly and openly umbilicate, subdiscoidal, yellowish-green in color, the first two whorls subtranslucent and deep amber colored; rather glossy, very irregularly and roughly wrinkled or even subpli- cate, in the direction of growth-lines. Whorls 33, the first 14 strongly projecting, teat-like, following whorls tubular, the last whorl slowly descending, barely in contact with, or slightly free from the preceding whorl, at the aperture. Aperture circular, slightly oblique. Peristome circular, unexpanded and acute, con- tinuous. Operculum multispiral, with sunken central nucleus, the edges of the whorls projecting a little. Alt. 4.5, diam. 8.5, diam. of aperture 3.3 mm. Loo Choo Is. (Mr. Y. Hirase, no 612). Related to C. swinhoed and ©. minutus H. Ad., of Formosa, but differing in sculpture, the present species being wrinkled but without spiral striation. THE NAUTILUS. 23 Diplommatina cassa n. sp. Shell dextral, imperforate, oblong, rather thin, reddish amber colored or whitish-corneous, composed of 63 very convex whorls, the last one narrower, strongly ascending. Surface densely and regularly costulate-striate. Aperture subcircular, the peristome continuous, thin, rather broadly and flatly reflexed, its face concave; there is a sharp, high and narrow crest close behind the outer and basal margins. Subcolumellar tooth strong; palatal fold short, situ- ated to the left of the adjacent margin of the peristome. Length 3.1, diam. of penult. whorl 1.7, length of aperture 1.2 mm, Kodakari, prov. Hida (no. 604), and Kyoto (no. 452), Y. Hirase. This species is related to D. nipponensis Mildff., D. insularum Pils., and D. Kobelti Ehrm. The conical part of the spire is much shorter than in the former of these, judging from specimens from the Hakone Mts., collected by Mr. B. Schmacker. D. Kobelti is a species slightly longer than D. eassa, finely costulate-striate, composed of 74 whorls, of which only the last two are of equal diameter, those above tapering regularly, forming a very long conic spire. The aperture is about as described for D. cassa. Length 3.4, diam. 1.6, aperture 1.16 mm. It is thus slightly longer than either nipponensis or cassa, with one whorl more, and a longer more pyramidal spire. It is from Kashima, prov. Harima, where it occurs with D. cassa (no. 305 b of Mr. Hirase’s collection). These species are all distinctly smaller than D. collarifera 8. & B. and D. tenuiplica Pils., and larger than D. uzenensis Pils. D. minutissima Mlldff. 1901, is a synomym of D. pusilla var. omiensis Pils., published eight or nine months previously. Both were based on Mr. Hirase’s no. 487. Tornatellina inexpectata n. sp. Shell umbilicate, pyramidal, thin, brown, glossy, smooth except for slight growth-lines. Spire straightly conic, the apex obtuse. Whorls 53, slightly convex, the last rounded at the periphery, con- vex below. Aperture subovate, armed within with a low entering lamella on the middle of the parietal wall. Peristome thin, the margins remote, columellar margin broadly dilated and reflexed. Length 3, diam. 1.7 mm. Yaeyama Island (Mr. Y. Hirase, no. 626). Carychium cymatoplax n. sp. Shell minute, corneous-whitish, slender, cylindric-fusiform, almost 24 THE NAUTILUS. smooth. Whorls 5, moderately convex, the penult. and last of about equal diameter. Aperture small, somewhat oblique ; peristome well expanded, much thickened within, the outer lip broad, with a blunt tooth*above the middle, columella truncate at base ; parietal lamella strong. Axial lamella becoming a very wide spiral plate within, bent into strong waves. Length 1.84, diam. .64 mm. Yaeyama Island (Mr. Y. Hirase, no, 618). This species is smaller and more cylindric than C. noduliferum, is smooth, and the internal axial Jamella is more strongly waved. C. noduliferum was described from Misaki, and has been sent by Mr. Hirase from Nishigo, Prov. Uzen. It isa strongly tapering shell, finely but sharply and regularly striate, and in most adults has a palatal nodule within the outer lip, though this is variable in devel- opment. It is larger than C. eymatoplaa, length 2.2 mm. NEW PUBLICATIONS. Digresta Maracoroeica, No. 1. A Summary of the American Journal of Conchology. By E. R. Sykes.’ Under the above caption Mr. Sykes proposes to issue a series of digests, prepared after the mod | of those in the Zodlogical Record. ‘ It has been a constant source of difficulty for many years past to ascertain what work has been done by our predecessors, relating either to a special genus or to some faunal district. With the idea of rendering some assistance to students, the present work has been undertaken.” The number before us deals with the American Journal of Conchology, and com- mences with a table of dates of publication, followed by a list of titles arranged by authors. The contents of the articles are then referred to under the heads of Anatomy, Distribution, both geographical and geological, ete. The systematic portion is arranged by families, every species described being referred to by volume and page. It is, there- fore, easy to ascertain what the series contains relating to the mol- lusks of any given region, or of any special family or genus, whereas otherwise this information could be obtained only at the expense of much time and labor, or found only by accident. All who have occa- sion to use the Jownal should possess themselves of this aid to its use, The Digest is well gotten up, and seems to contain but few mistakes or misprints. 1 London, William Wesley & Son, 28 Essex St., Strand, 1901. (Price, $1.50; to subscribers to the series, $1.25.) ere NAUTILUS. Von. XV. JULY, 1901. No. 3. THE AMERICA PHYSE. BY O. A. CRANDALL, SEDALIA, MO. The members of this genus are the most beautiful shells of all of our fresh-water snails, and, were they properly understood, would be the most sought for by collectors. It has been the custom of authors to attempt to establish species upon slight variations in form until the multiplicity of varieties and synonyms has caused such confusion that even our most experienced conchologists hesitate to venture an opinion as to many of the described species, while amateurs, being unable to obtain satisfactory information upon which to correctly label their ‘finds,’ have become so careless about col- lecting them that they are rarely offered for exchange. To remedy this evil, and as far as possible to simplify the deter- mination of species, I have given my spare time for several years past to the study of this genus, and now give to the public the result of my observations. In determining the species of this genus it is not only necessary to observe the characteristic form of the shell, but something of its life-history must also be known. Some species grow to maturity in one season, while others require two or more seasons of growth to mature. In central Missouri, P. gyrina Say is the first to appear in the spring and the last to disappear in the fall. I have seen them crawling on the ice in March and depositing the ova as late as the first of October. They begin depositing eggs early in May and con- tinue throughout the season; and as the young are continually 26 THE NAUTILUS. hatching, all sizes may be found in the fall, none of which will be full grown. The members of this species require more than one year in which to mature, while other species deposit the ova early in May and the young attain full size the same season. Having a knowledge of which species mature—respectively in one, two and three seasons of growth—greatly simplifies the determination of species. It is unnecessary to watch the growing snail, as I have done, to learn this fact, for every shell carries unmistakable evidence of the number of periods of growth it has required to attain its present size. This evidence is the white and brown lines upon the last, and next to the last whorl, called variceal lines, or bands. At the end of the. season, or when the pond dries up, or when from any other cause the shell ceases to grow, the snail strengthens the shell by constructing a triangular-shaped rib within the sub-margin of the lip. In forming this rib the coloring matter which exudes from the mantle of the animal is withheld until the structure is complete, thus leaving a white or light-colored line on the outside of the shell immediately over the rib. Sometimes the line will be shaded with brown or some dark color on one side, rarely on both sides. As the ribs are never removed, the lines always remain visible on the outside of the shell, and mark the periods of growth. For brevity in describing this feature I may be permitted to coin the word annuan. It is derived from the Latin word annus, year, and the suffix an, pertaining to, and signifies pertaining to one year, or period of growth. In examinining shells, first determine whether the example is an annuan, bi-annuan or tri-annuan; then examine the general form and appearance of the shell, the texture, sculpture, the form of the sutures, showing how the whorls are joined together, and the aper- ture. Color, height of spire, proportionate length of aperture and size of the shell are so variable that they have but little weight in determining species, except in a few cases. The most reliable characteristics are, in the order here given, texture, structure and sculpture; in fact they are the only ones not changed by environment. Texture relates to the weight and to the fineness and coarseness of the layers of which the shell is made. The viscid matter secreted by the mantle is deposited on the edge of the shell as the snail grows, THE NAUTILUS. 27 and hardens. In some species the exudation is continuous, or nearly so, while in others it seems to be deposited at intervals, When the deposit is frequent and small, or continuous, the lines of growth will be fine and the surface smooth and shining, as in P. heterostropha Say. When made at longer intervals, and large, the lines will be coarse, as in P. gyrina Say. Structure refers to the general plan of the shell, but more particu- larly to the manner in which the whorls are joined together. In some forms, like P. ancillaria Say, the whorls lap over each other like shingles on a roof; in others, like P. forsheyit Lea, they rest against each other. This distinction is constant in all species, and to a great extent is carried through the varieties. Sculpture is the markings on the surface of the shell, and consists of the lines of growth, strie crossing the lines of growth, as in P. oleacea Tryon, ribs, as in P. costata Newcomb, and such other mark- ings as may be found constant in a species. It must be remembered that while these characters are always found in typical members of species having one or more of them, they become modified in the varieties and forms, and the greater the departure from the type the greater will be the modification. Species are supposed to be founded upon permanent characteristics which are not influenced by change of location or environment. Varietal changes are many and frequent, and it is doubtful if a single variety described forty years ago can now be found living and identi- fied, while species should be found in the habitat of the type with but slight variations in its characterization, No member of the animal kingdom is so susceptible to local influ- ences as fresh water snails. Every change of environment changes the Physa, and so long as environments continue to change new forms will continue to occur; but they will not necessarily be new species nor varieties, but new forms of the same species, having the same characteristics upon which it was founded, with some of them more or less modified. Another cause for variations is the probably frequent occurrence of cross breeding, producing hybrids. It is often that forms are pre- sented to conchologists for identification having some of the charac- teristics of two different species, neither of which is sufficiently strong to control, and the life history not being known, they are described as new species. The forms being hybzids, when the crop disappears 28 THE NAUTILUS. the species disappears with it, and so we have a large list of descril ed species in our literature with but few living forms to represent them. To simplify the study of the genus I discard all sub-genera and divide the genus into species, varieties and forms. Species are forms having some characteristics which remain con- stant for ages. Varieties are forms having the ruling characteristics of the species to which they belong, with modifications that remain constant for years. Forms show temporary variations caused by environment or hybridization, and are transient. New forms are appearing every year. I would not attempt to refer all the living forms to their respective progenitors, but leave the collector to attach the label to suit his own taste. Where a form can now be found that substantially bears the description given forty or fifty years ago, it should be considered a species, if originally founded on sufficient differences from other described species to entitle it to rank as such; but where no specimens of a species has been found since it was described many years ago, it is likely to have been only a local form, and to have become extinct. Many of the early described species are found now bearing the same distinctive characters as when first described. It is these typ- ical forms that must be our guide, and not the varieties. The result of my examination of all the described species occurring east of the Rocky Mountains will be found in the following paper. Physa heterostropha Say. Synonyms: P. Philippi Kiister, P. plicata, De Kay. This species was described by Thomas Say in 1817 from forms taken in the Delaware River, and the same forms are found there yet. The water having become polluted, they are covered with a dark coating and many of them distorted. The type is not inflated nor elongated, yet the larger part of the specimens of the species now accepted by conchologists are more or less inflated. Some even go so far as to include under this head all the varieties of P. ancillaria, Say, P. lordi Baird, and P. sayii Tappan. While there are some good reasons for bunching all the American Phys into one species with a vast number of varieties, I do not believe such a course would be conducive to the best interests of science. Species should be THE NAUTILUS. 29 founded on some distinct and constant characters, and reduced to the minimum. The shell described by Say is symmetrleal, of fine texture, smooth and shining surface, lines of growth scarcely visible even with a lens, whorls four, convex, sutures impressed, spire elevated and acute, and the inner wall of the aperture straight. It is an annuan, rarely taking a second growth, and when it does the growth appears to be an addition to a mature shell. Distinguished by its symmetrical form, smooth and shining sur- face, convex whorls, impressed sutures, elevated and acute spire and straight or perpendicular axis, thus forming a straight inner wall to the aperture. Physa philippi Wiister, is an inflated variety bearing all the char- acteristics of the type, except that it is inflated and the columella is slightly curved. This is the first inflated variety described, and should cover all inflated forms. Physa plicata DeKay. This form is admitted a species by Tryon, but Binney, Pilsbry, and others, place it amongst the synonyms of this species, where it evidently belongs, unless it is raised to a variety, It being the only elongated form of this species ever described, it may well be considered a variety to which all elongated forms should be referred. Physa heterostropha alba, n. vy. Shell ovate, symmetrical, not inflated, porcelain white, whorls four, convex, sutures impressed, spire elevated and acute, surface smooth and shining, columella slightly curved. Diameter 2 the length. This beautiful little shell was sent to me by Mr. Albert Baily, of Capachet, N. Y., he having taken it from Cedar Lake near that place. It is distinguished by its color. I have recently seen in Mr. Bryant Walker’s collection some very fine forms of this species that seem to be of frequent occurrence in Northern Michigan. They are slightly more elongated than the type, and are marked with a dark-brown apex. This marking does not appear in any of the eastern forms, so far as I know, but it is not sufficient variation to found a variety upon. Further forms are: Physa striata Menke, P. charpentieri Kiister, P. fragilis Mighels, P, lata Tryon, P. primeana Tryon, and many other slight variations which have not been named. This species extends from the Potomac and Ohio rivers north and 30 THE NAUTILUS. east over New England and Canada, and as far west as Indiana and Michigan. West of the Alleghanies it gradually gives way to P. sayii Tappan. I have never seen a well authenticated example west of the Mississippi or south of the Ohio. (To be continued.) THE SYNONYMY OF BYTHINELLA OBTUSA LEA. BY BRYANT WALKER. This well-known and characteristic little species, which has an extended range through the Northern States from New York to Towa, if not further west, was first described by Lea, in 1841, as Paludina obtusa. Haldeman, in his ‘ Monograph of the Fresh-water Univalve Mollusca” (18447), although apparently unacquainted with the species, referred it to the genus Amnicola. Binney (1862), in his preliminary study of the fresh-water operculates, also placed it among the Amnicole. Stimpson (1865), in his “ Researches upon the Hydrobiine,”’ considered it “ probably referable” to Bythinella. In this he was followed by Binney (1865) and Tryon (1870), and from that time the species has been uniformly known and cited as Bythinella obtusa. Unfortunately, however, Lea had been anticipated in the use of the name, Paludina obtusa, by Troschel, who, in 1837, had de- scribed a species of Vir/para from Bengal under that name. It follows necessarily, therefore, that Lea’s name will have to give way; and had not the species already been described by another author under a different name, a new one would have to be provided for it. Were it not for the express statement that his species was imper- forate, I should be inclined to refer this species to Green’s Paludina alleghaniensis (see Binney, L. & F. W. Shells, III, p. 60), which has several years’ priority. The differences relied upon by Lea in ? differentiating his ‘* obtwsa’’ would scarcely be sufficient in the ab- sence of the other peculiarity. I know of no other species from Pennsylvania that would fill the description except Ammnicola decisa Hald., which might well be called imperforate. On the other hand, THE NAUTILUS. 31 the “elevated and rather obtuse” spire would apply better to ‘‘obtusa.”’ In view of this uncertainty, it would seem better to accept a later description, in regard to which there can be no ques- tion, rather than to attempt to rehabilitate a name which must always be the object of suspicion. There should be a statute of limitations in science as there is in law; and the use of a name> which has become established by tradition and long usage, should not be overturned, in the absence of the type specimens, excepting upon the most convincing proof. In 1852 Kiister, in his ‘ Monograph of Paludina,” in the Con- chylien Cabinet, describes a small species from North America as Paludina emarginata, which he attributed to Say, on the authority oJ of Brown. As Say never used the name ‘“ emarginata”’ in connec- tion with any fresh-water operculate form, this species will have to stand as Paludina emarginata Kiister. Binney, in his ‘* Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America” (1865), refers Kuster’s species to Amnicola cincinnatiensis Anth. as asynonym. ‘This was clearly erroneous, as a most casual inspection of Kiister’s description and figure quoted by Binney will show. Tryon makes no mention whatever of Kuster’s ‘ emarginata’ in his continuation of Haldeman. What Kiister’s species really was has been a matter of speculation with me for many years. Recently, however, in reading Frauen- feld’s paper (1863) on the Amnicole, in the Imperial [ Vienna] and Cuming Collections, I found a statement that specimens clearly > agreeing with Kuster’s figure were in the Cuming collection labeled “obtusa Whit.” Now there was a well-known collector named Whittemore, who lived in Massachusetts in 1840-1860, and it seemed quite probable that he had supplied the Cumingian specimens under Lea’s name, but without quoting his authority. Then, too, there was a very evident accord between Kiister’s figure and his de- scription and those of Lea’s species. On applying to Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, for in- formation in regard to the Cumingian specimens, I was favored with the following statement : ‘*'The shells marked Amnicola ‘ obtusa Whit’ in the Cuming col- lection certainly are not c/ncinnatiensis Anth., and I believe that you are right in considering them the same as obtusa Lea. ‘They agree exactly with Binney’s figure, Part III., p. 70, but are corneous 32 THE NAUTILUS. and not “‘ dark green ”’ as Lea describes it. May not the green tint have been due to conferve ? Accompanying the specimens of ‘ obtusa Whit.,’ is a ticket ‘emarginata Say,’ in Frauenfeld’s own hand- writing. I do not see how they can be separated from the form de- scribed and figured by Kiister as ‘ emarginata’ of Say, or in otber words, I consider them the same species.” This would certainly seem to be conclusive as to the identity of Kiister’s ‘“‘emarginata’’ with Lea’s ‘obtusa.”’ And, as for the reason above given, Lea’s name cannot be used, it follows that the species must hereafter be known as ‘ emarginata Kiister.”’ As to the proper generic designation, the investigation of the radula by Messrs. Pilsbry and Beecher shows the species to belong to the genus Cincinnatia, the dentition being like that of “ Amnicola” cincinnatiensis Anth., and unlike all other known species of “ Bythi- nella”’ or Amnicola. The complete synonymy of our species will then stand as fol- lows: CINCINNATIA EMARGINATA (KUsT.). 1841. Paludina obtusa Lea, Proc. Am. Phil. Soe. I1., p. 34, non Troschel (1837), Wiegm., Archiv, I., p. 173. 1844. Paludina obtusa Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. IX., p. 138. 1848. Paludina obtusa Lea, Obs. Gen. Unio, IV., p. 13. 1844. Amnicola obtusa Lea, Hald. Mon. F. W. Univ. Moll., p. 24. 1862. Amnicola obtusa Binney Desc. Cat. Amnicola, &e., p. 10. 1865. Bythinella obtusa Stimp., Hydrobiine, p. 20. 1865. Bythinella obtusa Binney, L. & F. W. Shells, N. A. III, p- 69, fig. 138. 1870. Bythinella obtusa Tryon, Mon. F. W. Univ. Moll., p. 48, pl. 16, fig.G: 1852. Paludina emarginata Kiist., Paludina, Conch. Cab., p. 50, pl. 10, figs. 3 & 4. 1863. Amnicola emarginata, Frfld., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. XIITI., p. 1030. 1865. Amnicola cincinnatiensis Binney L. & F. W. Shells, N. A., p. 85, fig. 169. THE NAUTILUS. 33 A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL. BY GEORGE H. CLAPP. Pleurodonte Adamsiana, n.sp. Plate II, Figs.1, 2.* Shell imperforate, carinated, depressed, convex above, regularly and very convex below, solid, dark purplish-brown with a white up- turned carina; the whole surface, with the exception of the apex, densely, finely granulate ; apex subplanulate, almost smooth, shining, yellowish-white; sutures impressed ; whorls 5, convex, slowly widen- ing and wavy; body-whorl acutely carinated at the periphery, con- cave above, convex below the carina, impressed in the umbilical region, very slightly descending anteriorly, with a slight furrow or groove, about 4 mm. long, just back of the aperture above the carina; carina white, translucent. Aperture oblique, subtriangular, shining brown, inside showing the light peripheral band ; peristome white shaded with brown, bearing inside the lower margin four teeth ; a very small one near the insertion, then a larger on the basal margin, then two near together on a common eminence toward the outer angle of the aperture; the last two teeth are united for over half their height, the outer one turning sharply toward the peristome. The base is deeply tri-scrobiculate behind the peristome, the outer two grooves being inacommon pit. Margins of peristome joined by a thin transparent callus which sweeps around the umbilical region. Greater diameter 32, lesser 28, altitude 14 mm. ‘‘Whitney Estate,’ Upper Clarendon, Jamaica. There are no fluviatile members of this amily, although well in either fresh or salt water. Genus Mytilus Linné, 1758. The mussels are easily recognized by their triangular or wedge- shaped shells, which are pointed at the anterior end and broad and rounded at the posterior; the hinge is either toothless or in some species with very minute teeth. There are sixty-five species distrib- uted world-wide, one of which inhabits Rhode Island. 202. Mytilus edulis Linné. Mytilus vulgaris Da Costa; Mytilus borealis Lam., De Kay, Midd.; Mytilus pellucidus De Kay ; Mytilus notatus De Kay (young). Shell ovate-triangular, solid; beaks pointed, situated at the an- terior end; hinge margin rising in a straight line at an angle of forty- five degrees from the basal margin, which is also straight ; posterior widened and rounded, the broadest part of the shell being directly opposite the centre of the basal margin; surface covered by a dark, shining, bluish-black epidermis, under which the shell is violet; in- terior silvery in the centre, with dark violet margins. Length of large specimens two and a half inches, height one and three-tenths, breadth one inch. This species, the common edible mussel, inhabits the whole of the ocean shores of the northern hemisphere, being extremely abundant THE NAUTILUS. 95 all over the northern portions of Europe, Asia and America. They are used in Rhode Island for food to a very limited extent, probably on account of the vast quantities of clams, quohogs, oysters and scal- lops which abound here, any of which form a much better quality of food than the mussels ; but they are consumed in large numbers in Europe. The annual consumption in the city of Edinburgh is esti- mated at four hundred bushels, averaging one thousand to the bushel; the amount collected for bait in various kinds of fishing is enormous. In France, Norway and Russia immense quantities are gathered and used, animal, shell and seaweed together, as a fertilizer for the land. They are found in Rhode Island attached to each other by their strong byssus in great numbers. They are not buried in mud, but cluster together on rocks between tides and form beds in the banks. The young are found in deeper water and attain their growth in one year. Mytilus pellucidus, Penn., Mont., Turt., Don., De Kay and others, considered by many as a separate species, I think is only a variety of Mytilus edulis. he shell is thin and transparent, beautifully radi- ated with blue, yellow and green zones. These marks are generally seen in specimens about one inch to an inch and a half in length and they gradually disappear as the shell gets larger; still these zones are sometimes seen in old and solid specimens, while others, one half an inch or less in length, are of a uniform shining black appearance, so that it does not seem to depend at all upon the age or size of the individuals. In every cluster of Mytilus edulis we find from one to a dozen or more of these pellucid, radiating ones, which if they do belong to a separate and distinct species, present an anomaly seldom seen, v7. e., a colony of different species of animals living together and firmly bound together by such strong bonds of friendship (or some- thing else) as these mollusca are. Genus Modiolus Lam., 1799. The horse-mussels differ from the edible mussels in having a shell swollen at the umbos, and in baving three pedal impressions in each valve, whereas there are but two in Mytilus. The animal burrows in mud, or clusters together under banks of grass or peat in salt marshes in some species, while others live in deep water. There are three species living in Rhode Island, one of which, however, is not a native, but has become domesticated here within about twenty years. 96 THE NAUTILUS. 204. Modiolus (Branchydontes) hamatus Say, 1812. Mytilus hamatus Say, De Kay; Mytilus serratus Barnes, 1823; Modiola hamatus H. F. Carpenter, 1865, A. E. Verrill, 1872 ; Brachy- dontes hamatus Perkins, 1869. Thomas Say describes this species in the Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p- 257, 1822, under the name of Mytilus hamatus, giving for its local- ity the Gulf of Mexico; the specimens he described were obtained from the markets of New Orleans, adhering to the shells of the south- ern oyster, Ostrea virginica. Since his time it has been found on oysters along the coasts of all the southern Atlantic States. Shell very much contracted and incurved at the beaks, which are acute ; surface covered all over with elevated radiating lines, which near the umbos are divided into two and sometimes three; color black or very dark brown; interior purple with white margins. Length two and one-half inches, breadth one and a half, but sometimes as broad as long; very variable. Gould’s Invertebrata of Massachusetts, 1840, does not mention this species at all; even Binney’s Gould, second edition, 1870, sup- posed to contain descriptions of all the marine species inhabiting the coast of Massachusetts, has not a word to say about it. It is, how- ever, getting to be quite common in Rhode Island waters, but the collector will obtain more specimens in five minutes in the oyster markets of Providence, than he could collect at the shore in a week. The first specimens I ever saw were given me by Mr. E. H. Jenks, who obtained them in a fish market in Pawtucket; neither of us knew what they were at the time, but I pronounced them to be Modiolus at once. After carrying them home I referred to a vol- ume of Say in my possession and saw by the figure and description given in it that they were Mytilus hamatus Say. They were attached to oyster shells. On seeing Mr. Jenks a few days after, I told him what they were, but added, “they are not Mytilus if Say does say so, they are Modiolus just the same.”’ Since then the species has become domesticated in our bay, having been brought here alive on the southern oysters and transplanted in these waters. I have found a few specimens in our bay not attached to oysters, stones or any- thing else, but its proper habitat is on valves of Ostrea virginica, adhering by a short, stout byssus, In November, 1870, Mr. Geo. H. Perkins published the ‘ Mol- luscan Fauna of New Haven,” in which, speaking of this species, he says, ‘* An examination of the animal has led me to consider it a Modiola rather than a Mytilus.’ He described it as a Modiola under the sub-generic name of Brachydontes Sw., 1840. In 1872, Prof. A. E. Verrill, in the March number of Silliman’s Journal, p. 211, says, Modiola hamatus = Mytilus hamatus Say. New Haven harbor and vicinity, usually attached to oysters Tak NAUTILUS, XV. PEATE Vil: VENDRYES: NEW SPECIES OF PLEURODONTE. eee IN AUEELUS: Von. KV. JANUARY, 1902. No. 9. A DAY ON THE GREAT BARRIER REEF BY CHARLES HEDLEY. “All hands on deck!” Ugh! ‘The billy’s boiled!’’ Groan. ‘The tide is falling fast!’ That fetched. your conchologist. Sleepily he crawled out and reached for his mug of hot tea. Balanc- ing himself on the combings he looked abroad. Far in the west the jungle-clad mountains of tropical Queensland loomed soft and blue. Between lay a purple sea which in the near distance suddenly changed to the vivid green of shoal water. To windward a beach of coral sand showed white and bright under the dense foliage which smothered a long, low island. ° ‘Beyond ita line of foaming breakers stretched to the sky-line. Back against the white surf there rose the bristling fangs of the reef, rank after rank passing in long perspective out of sight. Below in tlie clear water, the links of the cable lay as sharp on the sand as if’the cutter had floated in the air. Down overboard a blue starfish (Linckia) slept, here a prickly urchin, there a madrepore. Regardless of scenery the party munched their damper, and asked what was the scarlet tree ashore, and should the cook be keel-hauied for opening plum jam instead of marmalade. ‘Get the dingy up and look alive!” quoth the captain. Into her tumbled all hands, Mr. Conglomerate, the captain, the cook, the jib- sheet hand, and Mr. Conchologist.° Safe in the locker are stowed —all'the nice town clothes. ‘A soft felt liat, flannel shirt, tweed pants, belt and sheath-knife, and big laborér’s ‘boots with thick socks rig out a man for the reef. Mem. tie your boots with string instead of 98 THE NAUTILUS. laces for wading. Our tools are a geological hammer, a four pound sledge, a crowbar, all the cans and buckets available, a pocket-full of corked tubes and a pocket lens fastened to the waist with a key- chain, such as bank clerks use. A big shooting bag is a handy thing to sling over the shoulder. A design for reef collecting which we never put in practice was a belt like a soldier’s cartridge belt to hold tubes instead of cartridges. Not only could molluscs, worms, etc., be packed apart, but such useful things as alcohol, formal, or picric acid would be at hand in small quantities. In practice we filled, say the left trouser pocket, with empty tubes. When a speci- men is fouud it is important not to lose sight of it, and one hand may be engaged holding the rock. With the free hand a tube is taken, the cork pulled out with the teeth, the specimen bottled, the tube filled with sea water and stowed in the right hand pocket. Now we pull in among the corals and jump overboard. ‘ But what is the thing like a barrel stranded yonder?” ‘That, Mr. Conglomerate, is a 7ridacna gigas.”