DDDnnDDDnnnaDDDDDanannaDnnnDnDnD D D q UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS R D D LIBRARY g D D D D D D D D D D n D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D o D D B 1^ SPECIAL cm FCTIUiHS a D D D D D ft ARCHIVES D r § D ^ a D D D ^ D D D D D n 3 D n n D n D D D D D n D ' D D D D D DDnnnnnnDnanDDDnnDDDDDDDDDDaDDDD LIBRARY^ UNIVERSITY Q? MA^AOTOTTS AMHERST, MASS. THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER, CONTAINING Essays, Original and Selected, RELATING TO AORICUIiTURE AND DOMESOMC XSCOMTOBIY WITH ^ . ..MK* •• m%%Mt'mMnM'^^^'^ t%$ W^imm ^f <^0nmttw P^^¥t>ce< BY THOMAS G, rESSEJVnEJ\. Vol. V, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. RUSSELL, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET. 1827. T ..'.4/ To the Fifth lolump of the New l^nofand Fnrmrr .•ns, for feeding Swine recommended 77. as. Dr. Uaniel, his address to the Hillsborough •"Ticultural Society, 233. ressby Wm. Hunter to the n. Island .Agricultural jciety, 211, 28,4-2, 61. - by Earl Slimsou to the Saratoga .Agricultural So- ity, 24»ricultural Warehouse in Boston, notice of 366 .griculture, on its importance 129 — thoughts and re- marks iiu 204 — noiii-f 3 or iTi ciiiiia 300 — V irgluia 3S1 I'riculture of Bra'>ant. notices of 12 — in the south ol France 60 — of Lucca in Italy igue in the breast, cure for 146 imerican Lyceum of science and the arts 145 Imicus on the increase of insects 45 inimals domestic, on rearing &c. 162 — modes of killing 188 — eff-cts of climate on 261 — managing and feed- ing of 261 268 270 Vnts, how destroynd in the West Indies 182 Ipartments, how freed from noxious air 342 Vpparatus for distilling 23 Vpples remarkable for size 86 91 1 17 234 how p'eserved for winter's use 59 292 — food for farm stock 82— said to produce one or two seeds which will produce the same fruit as the parent 349 tree with six growths of apples in one season 159 .April, notices of work to be done in 306 Aqueduct pipes 232 A. R. on the culture of the potato 141 Arithmetic, utility of to a woman 376 Asparagus, on the culture of 308 318 B. on the time in the year in which the blossoms of fruit trees are destroyed by frosts 274 Bagging weaving, improvement in 150 Baked beans and sal eratiis 397 Barley, demand for increasing 101 — its cultivation re- commended 139 292— mode of its cultivation in Eng- land 197— on its culture by J. Biiel 290 Bartlett L. on burying bees m winter 82 Barns built by the shakers 215 Barnyards 401 413 Bathing, soliloquy on 69 Barrel G. W. on extracting the flour of the potato 169 Beans, on the culture of 14 308 318 Beef from Boston, sale of in London 348 Beer, recipes for making 318 — good harvest 37 — spruce 237 318 337 Bees, on burying in winter 82 190 402 — how to take u|i without smothrrin;;- 83 o6-' — au an iij«^ci .vhich destroys them .382 — on their wax and honey 415 Beets 1 .rge 146 183— and carrots, on the cnlture of 308 Bells of cast steel 101 315 Bene plant, its culture and uses 300 Bird catching in Mexico 326 Birds, destruction of condemned 386, usi-fiiliiessof 41 1 Blackberry syrup, how made 387 Blackburn J. on recovering land from the sea 4 Blacksmiths, a custom of requiring spirits when cattle are shod condemned 173 Bleaching and preparing flax 113' charcoal 349 Blue vitriol, on its manufacture 141 Boabab, the largest tree, notice of 180 ^ Bones for manure recommended 220 415 — of a remark- ably large animal found near New Orleans 391 Book knowledge in agriculture 182 Boots and shoes how rendered water proof 266 — ma- chine for blocking 396 Borage to be sowed and ploughed in for manure 213 Borders of fields, on their neglected state 7 Boring for water in Ballston 246 Botanic Garden in Toulon 196 Borer in apple trees, time for destroying 14 — cannot be destroyed by plugging up their holes 57 1 1.3 Rrick press self feeding 124 Briggs L. W. on the Isabella Grape 91 — bis remedy for choked cattle 138 — remarks on the locust tree 176 British East India Company 68 Brookline, on the premature decay of pear trees 39 Brewing, remarks on 140 — improvement in 307 Broom corn, notices of 178 340 Brown J. his experiments on gvpsnni 77 Buckley O. on the uses of lime in agriculture 141 Bugs, plants preserved from by a brood of chickens 375 —by Glauber salts 375 Buckthorn, best plant for live fences 41 42 Budding fruit trees, new mode of recommended 402 Buel, .ludge, his manner of raisins: and using mangel wnrtzcl 75— onthecullure of wheat in New- England 217 — remarks on by N. fl. Patriot 254 — his direc- tions for the mannfactureof ridpr 257 — horticultural items selected by 234 269 CG^ 202 300— on the cul- ture of barley 290— on forest trees jfil Bulls of the best breeds should be placed in convenient places 72 Burns and scalds, remedies for 103 198 Buttons, manufacture of in Attleborough 187 C bis recipe for scald? and burns 225 Cabbage, on cooking 255 — cultivation of 309 313 318 325, their preservation 198 Calf, a thrifty one 360. on the raising of262, 396 Calamine, discovery of in Missouri 350 Calico, manufacture of in Rhode Island 1.S6 Calisthenic exercises for young ladies 371 Camel's hair, manufacture of 2G1 Cantharides, remarks on 192 Capsicum, tber ullivation of 310 Carbnretted hydrogen S'as produces bead ache 75 88 Canker worm, natural history of by Prof. Peck 393, on adopting measures against 409 Carpeting, American 1.57 Carrots supposed to answer for fen or mossy land 195 ; ou their cultivation 286, preservation of 286 Cart, the farmer's, remarks on 337 Cashmere gnats crossed with the Angora race 53, in France, notice of 164 Caterpillars in orchards, how to destroy 314381, edict against in the Netherlands 415 Cattle, winter food for 54, annles food for 82, when ho- ven. cure for 100 307. foddering of, 126 133 134. choked, remedy for 138, cedar berries cure murrain in 228, singular diseasp in 229. on murrain and bol low horn 3.32, improved short I'orn, product of 369. breed of in Worcester supposed to be short horn 385 Cedar, its culture and nses 160 237 aople, its use in expellinj worms 39 58 65 Celandine, useful properties of 2.38 t^eleriac or turnip-rooted celery 293 Cellars, on cleansing 342 Cement fire proof 84, patent for building stucco 1 IS ISl lliat rcsKls in.Miui., ,.,,ri i,.,,,i, » 11 <.. r water 267, Japanese or ric'< glue 270, of isinglass 271, for pre- serving wood and brick 271 Chairs made of iron wire 396 Chamomile, its use in sore eyes 317 Charcoal, accidents and death from the burning of 213 useful as a manure 292, 413, its uses in clarification 293, on its use in medicine 299, machine for reducing to powder 3-26, its uses in bleaching flax 349 Charlock or wild turnip, how destroyed 14 Chaumont, Mr J. Le Ray, his address 346 Cherry trees, on their cultivation by Gen. Dearborn 209 gum from, nses of 293, wild, its uses 358, its leaves poisonous to cattle 24, notices of 198 Chestnu's, on planting lor fencing timber 161 Children, bad efl"ects of frightening 379 Children's food, lime water mixed with, excellent 341 Cheese poisonous, ho supposed to be produced 7, how to prevent a bad flavor in 15, how preserved against mites 381, market for in America 395 Chimnies, to prevent the smoke in 126 Cholera .Morbus, recipe for curing 23 ; turpentine re- commended for 72 Chilblain ointment 198 Chinampas or artificial i-lands in Mexico 410 Churches and other buildings, how kept cool' in sum- mer 14 Churn, improvement in 147 Cider, how clarified 14— on its nianur.icture 76 — grea r quantities of made by Peter S.ScoOeld 131 — remarks on its manufacture by Judge Buel 257 — remarks on by A Farmer 329 —made from whiter apples not of good quality 329— how it may be bottled without bursting the bottles 349. Cions for grafting, on cutting and preserving 275. Clarification, use of charcoal in 293 — Sometimes inju jurious 294 Clay, recipe for burning 6 — how burnt without fuel 334 Cloths spurious 412. Clocks made of ])aper 8 Clover, on its cultivation 236 Coal of Lehigh, economy in consuming 201 Coal fire, how kindled 115 — remarks on 140 Coal mines C8 Cockroaches, a cure for 299 317 Cocoa, how cultivated 283 Cofi'ee, how made by the French 44 -receipt for mak ing 61 — r'-niarks on 300 Coffin, Dr on gymnastic exercises 26 Colic, cure for 61 Colour, test for 53 Consumption, recipe for 364 Contraction in machinery 337 Corinthian grape or Zante currant, Mr Poir.eroy's re marks on 321 338 — remarks on by a Lover of Plum Pudding 329. Cooper Joseph, his remarks on propagating iVom the best selected seeds instead of changing them 93 Cotton raised in Worcester 35 181 Cooking, remarks on the importance of 369 Couch grass, bow destroyed 9 — roots of sent to market in Naples 398 Corn plaster, receipt for 1 98 Cough, recipes for 5 198 Cow of the improved short horn breed, great product of in butter 369 Cows, milking of, &c 126— how kept in Holland 161 — remarks on keeping 197 — and calves directions fo.- manasriiig.ic.262 — extraordinary in Switzerland 332 Coxe, ^^'illiam Fsq. his remarks on fruit trees 282 '^ramp, cure for 341 f^rf-am from a native cow, remarkable 315 Cress, its culture and uses 294 « Crops ii'jured by drought, grasshoppers, &c. 35 — in Bristol county Mass. 45— in Berkshire county 45 ^'rowing among mankind 40 '^roup in children, recipe for 187 Cruelty to animals 404 Cucumbers, how preserved for pickles 30 48 370 — oner 6 feet long 37 — do. 8 feet 9 inches and a quarter 86 — and melons, remarks on stopping or topping 345. INDEX. oinmended 181 ture 161— remarks on by Gen. Dearborn 1P3201 209 Cultivator on a disease in pear trees 25 60 ^:;Sf:r!:::^;^bi:n:strt^'::i;;H;r;; 40^1 ro^i>^o„ ,,.., ,..a.. ... re„,arus,on 358 Currant, biack, medical qnaUlie_s_ o,f, &.c. 2G7 cul- , Hay, deficiency of how remedied 101 ; making will Currant wine manufactured by Messrs Kenricks 49 Cut worm, flour of sulphur a remedy for 379 Cuttings of fruit trees. How preserved in winter 225 Dairies in Switzerland 54— in Holland 162 Date and olive in Georgia and Louisiana 37 Uearboin Gen. U. A. S. his remarks on propagatin F. R. his remarks on Wye Comet 202 Franco-Abysinian rams, 44 Franklin Ur. unpublished letter by 2u8— bis theory on north east storms 293 Franklin Inslitute, exhibition of 94 Frost, effects of iu ripening grain 235— in June at Gretnsbur? 396 ;;randelm.rees63-o„dderap>.es65 .;.>eF,.n.np^ mode of extracting the fecula or flower from polatos ]e9_hi3 observations on the cultivation of forest trees 193 201 209 galhrring 100— varieties of presented to the London Horticultural Society 284— method of preservingSG" — time for eating 350— use of at meals 369 Drought, stirring tlic earth a remedy against 30 390 in N. Carolina nolice of 35, 42 D. on the valuable properties of orchard grass 59— on ] reclaiming marshes 250 Door yard 340 Dressing tight injurious to health 389 ] Drunkards, taxes to support 72 i Drunkenness, Mr Loisseau's remedy for 193 ] Dysentery and cholera morbus 63 E. bis query on forest trees 186 Economics as a science 149 ■Efilavia of rotten substances a source of disease 14 Kggs, recipes for preserving 22 335 Elder its use in dropsy 212 Elecampane, the virtues of 242 Electric conductor, remarks on 381 Elliot, P^ev Jared, extracts from his essays G Elm tree and pine tree, o" the culture of 57 65 — on its destruction by insects 302 EmersnnG.B. Esq, extract from his address to the Boston ilechanic'slnftitnlion 263 Epilepsy, remedies for 400 Ewes and lambs, remarks on the raiding of 246 Exercise, remarks on by Dr Thillips CO — allegory on by Dr Rush 102 Eye, disease in cured by chamomile 317 I'^allow crops, advantages of over summer fallows 307 F.H.P. his query on recovering marshes from the ses 3 Fanning mill, new notice of 194 Farm, experimental near New Brunswick 205 Farm buildings, remarks on 129 fruit thev will produce 75— by Mr Prince remarks on 173— 'Chinese method of propagating 226— ad- vantages of pruning in summtr 226 — on the preser- vation of 228 — remarks on ringing of 235 334— mode of applying tar to 237— remedy for failure in by frosts 260— incisions in sometimes useful 269— trans- planted to northern states, Mr Princ 's remarks on 273^tinie of the year in which their blossoms are commonly killed by frost 274 286— remarks on by Wm Coxe, Esq. 282— remarks on by A Farmer 324 solution of pearl ash recommended for 324 ; how forced to bear 334 ; should have a northern expos- ure 348; observations on from Bradley's Husbandry 377 ; should not be permitted to bear too early 382; substitute for ringing 409; refuse stalks of flax spread rouiul 411 Gapes or pip in poultry, remedy for 14 Garden fruits, flowers, &c. origin of 314 Garden of plants near Paris, description of 29; Mr Marsh's notice of 53 Gardener on raising the grape 49 ; an old on saving garden seeds 401 Gardener's calendar for .Tune 366 Gardening remarks on 127 593 300 308 Garden seeds reniarks on by G. Thorburn & ?on 333 ; on saving, from J^oudon'^ Magazine 401 Geese Bremen 126 ; remarkable longevity of 283 Geological Society, London, their discoveries 200 Girdling or ringing fruit trees 75 273 Glidden Charles, Esq. great crop of com raised by 165 Glue, experiments on the adhesion of 156 r a, remarks of on fruit trees 324-.on cider from I Goats, on milking of in Italy 352; of Thibet inlroduc- winter apples 329— his remarks on the season 330— | fd into France 402 description of a good one 372 | (^o'd f""'"^ '" Vermont 45 Farmer, a Long Island on mixing tan with manure 203 ; Goodrich Rev Charles A.Jus queries respecting the Emarkable -on econoii.y in fuel 223 Farmers, practical errors in their modes of Qultivation 35— hints to 85 Farmer's cart 381 Farmers' Society, Pendleton, S. C. 126 Farms small, remarks on 6 Farming interest,remarks in a speech by Mr Pearce252 Farming tools, care of recommended 203 Fashion in food 261 Fat of animals how prepared (or food 245 Feather beds, want of artificial 3:0 Female costume, principles of I3S FemaUs, degradation of in It " iiiployment of paupers 73 Gooseberries, on the.cultivation of 196; hushes of 357; large ones 380 Gorham Dr John, his essay on plaster of Paris 153 Grafting 137; modes of 2t'iS'; composition for 318 Grapes, successful culture of in Mobile 37; in South Carolina 227 ; by Mr Carr 43 ; on the difficulty of rais- ing in the open air 49-Isabella. notice of 91 97 101 124 212 413 ; their utility as an article of diet 284 Grass (Phalaris Americana) 2 Grasshoppers 362 Grass seeds, on sowing of 319 Grass lands more valuable, than lands in tillage 389 Fellenberg, Philip Emanuel, biographical notice of 356 ^ Grasses, different^ kinds growing together produce the F. 11. P. his remarks on salt marshes 225 Felons, cure for 389 Fences, pastures, &c. directions concerning 302— marks on those of Europe, America, &c. 378 Filley Lester Fsq. extracts from ao address by 173 Fire from ashes 149 greatest crops 292 I Grasshoppers, great quantities of taken 5; remedy j against 14; ravages of 19 37 61 i Gravel, honey said to be a cure for 157 ■ i Green Dr B. his notice of throe things of great import- I ance313; on insects 318 ; on domestic wines 325 Fish, on the transfer of from salt water to fresh 176— Green crops, on ploughing in for manure 269 284 402 Chinese mode of hatchin; Fish bait 133 Fj.'ke, Hon O. on disease in pear trees 26 90 — on swine which devour their own young 214 Fitch, Mr John, on manufacturing silk 29 Flax weeded by sheep 319— New Zealand 340 Flax dressing, nolice of a machine for 234 291 culture of 291 Flax seed jelly, h.'iw made 331 Flour, said to have caused the di-ath of horses 5 — quan tity of in a bushel of wheat 46 ad Gymnastic exercises, remarks on by Dr Coffin vantages of 64 Gypsum , see plaster of Pai is I H. on destroying sorrel by lime 33; on distributing bolls of the best breeds 74 Hackmatack or Larch tree, on its durabil'ty 25G on the I Hair cutting Ifi I Halsted Philemon, mode of harvesting Tn lian corn 75 I Harris Dr T. W. on the peach tree irserl ;i3 ; on the insect which destroys the cocoons of silk iror.ms 34 Hawkins R. remarkable cream sent by 345 Flower pot for rooms 96 — flov/ers of different colours Hawthorn berries received for distribution, of L, bow obtained from the same stem 396 Briggs, Esq. I 42 out spirits 22 ; in Dartmouth how prepared 41 ; ting grass for 390 406 Haymaking 406 Hemoptysis or spitting of blood 172 Hessian fly, how to preserve wheat against 334 Hints to men of business 328 Hollow horn in cattle 332 Homespun on the shrinking of woollen cloth 202 Hoeing crops 390 Hop on on wool 5 Howard B. on breeds of cattle 385 Howard R. on the wanton destruction of birds 386 Hornbrook, on a disease in sheep and horses 150 Horses anecdote of 85 ; Arabian 17^; on the mana- ment and diseases of 5 21 46 49 73 129 190 203 - 238 ; boiled grain recommended for 40 ; essay? 76 84; age of how ascertained 98,; Mr Pettingi ; report on 132; mortal disease in 146; big-heai! 150 ; sore mouth 157 ; sore backs 360 ; remarks 1 Horse Radib, remarks on 269 Horticultural items 284 292 300 Horticultural Society in i\. Y. their anniversary in Jamaica 63 Hot beds, modes of making and uses of 278 House keeping, want of system in 165 House of Industry, Boston, report of 380 Howe. I,uke Esq. on manures 81 89 Hunt E. Esq. on an insect in pear trees ISfi ; reiuii on said insect 212 Hunter W. extracts from his address 20 28 30 42 61 H. ^^ D. on raising Indian corn for fodder 260 Ice mnnul'arturing 415 Ice house'!, directions for making 146 173 Improved Durham Short horn cow great product of butter 369 Indasalor. h:s remarks on the scolytus pyri,&c.l70 1 Indian corn, best mode of harvesting 75, remarka' ears of 80. successfully raised in drills 84. on sele ing seed of 187. use of for fodder 242. query C' cernini 278, on sowing it broad cast for fodder ' 346. should be soaked in copperas water 310, so; ed in a solution of Glauber's salt' 316. how prese ed against the grub worm 334. greatest possible p duct 01334. tops of should be cut up for fodder ; India rubber, bow applied to shoes and boots 266 Indiso planr. -rvilJ « r,.t>.-iiii.i>^ f^r .vi„cl r,Q Inexpertus hi? remarks on 'ndian corn for fodder : Ink remedy against its effects when just spilled 31,j ferent sorts how made 69 Inserts in gardens destroyed by kindling f res in night 18 366. which attack peach frees 33 405. wh destroy the cocoons of silk vorms 34, increased the destruction of bird? 45, affecting elm trees in James and Hyde Park. &:c ir9 304. found on a p tree and sent by Dr Hunt to the New Fngland T mer office 211. destroyed by tobacco water 293 : 395. mode of destroying 265 310, their ravage: tropical climates 312 Instinct in sparrows, remaikable instance of 146 plants 149 Intemperance, cure for 350 Infernal improvements, notices of 406 Jackson W. bis remarks on diseases in pear trees 10 Jacobs Cvrus his observations on the uses of lim< Agriculture 133 Jericho, plain of 67 J. M. G. his observations on leaves as mannre 122, the culture of silk 265, on insects which destroy e and pine trees 302 Johnson George, on the gruh worm in sheep 314 J. P. on the apple tree borer 1 13. long red potatoes! Jug that would hold 120 quarts 232 Kenrick J. Esq. on leaves for manure 129 Ladies, hints relative to their dresses Sir 19 T amp apparatus for heating wale . ic. 75 319 T,amp black, spontaneous combustion of 245 1 apland summer, notice of 112 Land Irnm the sea. remarks on recovering 34 Leather made impervious to water by Dr Comstockl Leaves of trees for fodder 70 137. for manure 122 1 Leghorn straw, how obtained in Itah IGO Lime, its chemical composition 22, its use in blasti rocks 22, prevents a bad smell in privies 46, its U! in asriculture 1.33141. on burning without kilns 2 useful as manure without burning 326, necessary a manure for peas 235 INDEX. (e. preserver, notice of 373 ibtniug comlmtor, remarks on 381, shocks by on ,.1 a packet ship 391 11 Gov. his remarks on a dfscase iu pear trees 1, - rvations on his farm in Worcester 138, his obser- v it ions oil the culture of silk 2'19 iquid manarc 3G1 ilijation, evils of 302 itter for cattle, iaiporlance of 242 ive fences, best made of buck thorn 41, remarks on aking-, &c. 174 18-2, the use of cedar for 209 237 .ocust tree, remarks on by L. VV. Brigju, Fsq. by the Editor do. 177, on the profits of its culture 189, how cultivated 300, advantages of cultivating 340 oom invr-ntrJ by Horace Baker, notice of 213, ship- ^ ped to England 341 " ovc and Reason 80 ' swell John Esq. his remarks on the effects of plaster of Paris 1, on a disease in pear trees 1 17 42 65, on the bad quality of llie potato and its causes IS, on stirrin? the earth as a relief against drought 30, on the destructive powers of the rose bug 52, his letter to Mr Prince on fruit trees 178, his notice of the tak- ing away clandestinely of some scions, sent to him by Mr Knight 271, his directions for cultivating the sweet potato 298 acerne, directions lor cultivating 235 2C3 . on the manufacture of cider 76, his inquiry relative to the Ka riata potatoes 194 achlne for gilding books 24, for making cards 60, for threshing 69 84, — for spinning flax 77.— for pressing- bricks 124 — for planing boards 131 379 — for planing limber 133, for threshing 165, for raising stumps 194 for sawing timber 21^5 — for filtering v.'ater286 ah.igany, method of seasoning 274 an£tl Wurtzel superior to ruta baga for fattoning 93 anufactorics in Massachusetts 92 157 203 — in iNTew England, morals and manners of 173 aniire in pastures how managed 14 — essay on by L. Howe 81, liquid how used in Flanders 161, the dung of pigeons valuable 172. onseaoasts 19.i, on mixing tan with 203, on making the most of 342 36 1 381 aple trees, on the culture of by Gen. Dearborn 201 arsh.'S reclaimeil, remarks on hv Hon. .lohn \Vi.-lle3 210 218 250, remarks on 225 267 ercer J. on selecting see.-! corn 187 'Gallon liming seed wheat 31 eade, R. K- on sheep and wool 6J ears J. on curing salt hay 41 eat, preservation of 70 "fS 387, most wholesome 350 exico, soil and climate of 101 ice, an excellent trap for 239 ill, on a ni,-w construction of 85 illet. rc.-narkson 10, culture of325, v.aiious kinds 379 int. observation? on 269 itchell Or on the parent plant of the potato 395 organ .Icdidiah, his remarks on wintering sheep 59 ortality in prisons, causes of .371 elons, on the cultivation of 334 345, how secured a- «-ainst bugs and flies 350, use of unripe ones 402 iilherry trees, their rullivation iu France 53, culture of in Hindostan 130, imported into Ireland 226— on cnttin; with a scythe 260. facts respecting them 314 arrain in cattle, c-Jre for 228 — remarks on 332 aslard, on the cul'ure of 67 127 300 asturtion, culture of 31 1 etlle. supposed use> of 186 ewark marshes, reclaiming of 1 17 !ew England Society !"or palronising arts, their fair 59 ursery of trees, directions concerning 79 Uirses, faults of 206 — importance of temperance in 360 ak leaves, on tanning with 222 'aks, directions for raising I9t ihio. population of 'i05. letter from a farmer in 299 corn of great magnitude 44 lnion=, directions for raising from the seed the first sea- son 299, on the culture .-if 303, to prove the seed 365 )pium. American, vn attempts at making 206 Irchard grass. i;= valuaMe properties 59 309 318 380 )rchar.ls. di-predations on how punishul 67 364 — on making new ones where old ones have grown 195 Itlers, sportive disposition of 155 )wl, short eared, notice of 197 )|C, large, exhibit'-d in .\ew Hampshire 240 2S6 )xen, remarks on the in-snagemeut of 4' -222, uoticts ot some rema-lrsMy large 131 l&l 184 )yst'-r lands, hcv made artificially 84 Oyster plant, its culture and uses 294 P. on the apple tree borer 41, on icehouses 146 Paintiofs of animals, reniarks on 241 Paragreles, a kind of lightning rods 98 Parmesan cheese dairy 205 Parmcntier, A. on preserving eggs 22, on destroying in- sects 49,on pulling up the roots of plants after the stocks are cut 49, — his catalogue of pears 121, — notice of his grapes 124, his remarks on the vine 254 274,on plough- ing in jreen crops for a manure 259 Parsnips, cultivation of in Guernsey 100 308 350 Pasture grounds, management of 31 302 Paupers, employment of on farms 73 Pea, remarks on the bug in 241 314, ou the cultivation of 278 285 300 309 3l6 — Lime necessary as a manure for 235 — on raising with parsnips 350 — value of the diflerent kinds of 355 — on impregnating &c. 380 Peach, a large one 120 Peach tree, on its cultivation 11 385— on an insect which attacks it 33 — slacked lime about the roots of recommended 43— may be grafted on a wild cherry stock 71 — notices of 198 Pear, a large one 1 17 Pearre, Mr. extracts from his speech relative to the farming interest 252 Pears from a tree planted by the ancestor of Gov. En- dicott 88 — M. Parmentier's catalogue of 121 Pear trees, remarks on a disease in by Gov. Lincoln 1 by Mr Lowell I 17 42— by Mr Jackson 10 113— by the Editor 22 38 91, by Cultivator 25 5;j,by the Hon. O. Fiske 29 90— by T. P. 26— by Erookline 38— by the Hon. Thomas Gold 41 — insect found on 167 175 136 211 Peck, Professor on the natural history of the canker worm 393 Pedesliianism, extraordinary instance of 141 Perry, James, on planting, sowing, gypsum, i;c. JG2 Peters, Hon. R. on setting posts in fence 14 Pepper, red, how cultivated 294 Perkins, S. G. fine strawberries raised by 390 Pettingell. T. H. his report on horses 132 Phillips, Wm. on cultivating the plum and peach 1 1 Physalis, or Portuguese man of war, notice of 410 Pickering, Col. his remarks <:<» the bug in peas 241 Pickles from cucumbers how made 30 Pine and elm trees, on the culture of 57 65 Pitch pine, on its cultivation Cf.9 Pitman, Mr. on ths bug in peas 241 Plime tree, on the nses and cultivation of by Gen. Drarhorn 193 — by S. V>'. Pomero\ 260 Plant louse, notice of and remedies for 342 Plants, physical virtues of altered by cultivatiou 241 habits of 313 — equivocal production of 41 1 Plaster of paris, on its effects near the sea coast 1 6 — observations and experiments on 77 — Or Gorham's observations on 153 — remaiU? on by the editor 155 1 on the use of by James Peny 162 I Plastering for walls 118 181 — to save buildings from I fire 208 .'Ploughing in autumn recommended 70 — shallow, re- j marks on by Earl Stimson 253 i Plum, notice of a new species of 402 ! Plum-puddin?, a lover of, his remarks on the Corinthi- an Grape .329 j Plum trees, on the cultivation of 11 ' I Plums, spirit distilled from 402 Poisons, action of upon the vege|-:illet 10, on the plane tree 260, on the black currant 267, Zante currant 321 Poor, on the support of 130 iPoorhouse county in Ontario 130 j Porcelain, mannfacfure of 15 I Ponds, on emptying and cleaning 395 I Posts in fence, how set 14 I Potato, on Its bad quality by Mr Lowell 18 394, preser- I ved by cnltingout the eyes 23, long red recom-mended j 1 13. jreat pro.luct from 133, on the culture of l4l 251 i3l4 317. mode of extraclinsr the flour from 100, useful I in makin? bread 189,— of La Plata 19J, modes of pre- serving 197, starch fi-om, how made 245, fjow introdu- ced into France 307. how to boil without waste 317, on feeding fowls with 317,— how preserved against grub- worms 334, pirkins: the blossoms of recommended 373,. parent plant of 395. — how preserved 402, on ehoosmg those which are unripe for seed 40ft Potato cleaner described 307 Potato onion described 307 Potato, sweet, directions for raising 298 Preston 3. on gardening 18,~on rattlesnakes 68-oh graiting frnit trees 75 Prince's Linnasan Garden and Nursery 255 275 Productions o f the soil, notice of 63 Poultry, management of 309, feeding with notatos 317 smoke serviceable to 345 Powel Col. John Hare, notice of the great product in butter of a cow owned by 369- Punip, by which cattle supply themselves with -water 206 Pempkins, great product of 115 213, culture of 294 Q. his directions for the structure of ice houses 175 Rice mare, extraordinary sale of 350 Ridishes, on the cultivation of 308 316 317 Railway carriage, Morgan's 389 Rat catching, method of 397 Rattle snakes, an article of traffic 68, cure fur the bit* of 357 Razor strops, how managed 293 Receipts, remarks on the uncertainty of 166 ^ Recipes, for ginger beer 310, for the sling of a wasp 3, for making vinegar 13 263, for the gapes or pip in poultry 14, for clarifying cider 14, for greasing wheel carriages 22, for preserving eggs 22 335, for preserving potatoes 23, for the cholera morbus 23 72, for ascer- taining if linen be bleached with lime 24, for the des- truction of flies 24, for preserving brass ornaments and horses from flies 24, for pickling cucumbers 38 48 370, for ink spots 31, for the bite of a rattle snake 31, for tetanus or lock jaw 32 — for f-vcr and ague 32— to pre- vent wounds (rom mortifving 32 — for good harvest beer 37 to prevent horses being teased by flies 37 — for purifying cider 37 — to keep cider sweet 37 — for ginger beer 37 — for the effects of dram drinkuig 45 — for the bite of a copper head snake 45 — to destroy insects 49 — to keep apples for winter's use 59— for curing the colic Bl — for weak eyes 61 — for making coffee 61 — for dysentery and cholera morbus 63 — (or the chronic rheumatism 66 03— for making different sorts of ink 69 — for making fire proof cement 81 — for making g7e«« paint!!) — for staggers in swine 86 — for the whooping cough 86 — for making mock lobster 88 — for pickling beef, pork, &c. 93— for preserving plums and peaches 111 — for preserving seeds 111 — for indigestion 1 1 1 — for keeping cider sweet 1 14 — for curing ring worms ! 15 374 397 405— for a solvent for putty 1 15— for the lockjaw 115 — for canker sore throat }\6 — for dysea- tery 119— to make cheap and excellent wine 127 — for preserving beef and pork 134 — for making Pomona wine 139— for ague in the breast 146 — for making per- manent ink for marking linen, &c. 147 — for sulphurinjp wool, silks, &c. 147 — for taking out spots of paints, &c. 147 — for rendering boots and sho. s water proof 151 — for the gravel 157 — for sore moutii i.-i horses 157 — for preserving grain from the depredatiotis of mice 1,61— ■ for extracting waxirom honey combs 161 — fr r preser v-- ing cheese from worms and mites 1 61--for burns anel scalds 163 — for making beer 167 — for making jelly 173 — for spitting of blood 173— for making diet drink 181 — fora cough 181 — for the croup 187 — for making po- tato bread 189 — for making soap 189 — for making corn plaster 198— for eye water 198- for rbeumalnni 198 — for chilblain 198 — for a recent cough 198 — for superior goulaid water 198 — for burns and scalds 198 — for mak- ing water biscuit 205 — for discoloring India rubber 222 — for a composition for preserving and colouring gates, &c. 222— for pickling pork 2-2 — for making elm and maple wood resemble mahogany 2'2?, for scalds and burns 225, to keep a varnished couch clean 226» for an improved method of making the coffee beverage 226. to purify lemon juice 226, preparation of black lead for cleaning stoves 226. on preserving wood 226^ for making transparent tarts 227. several for cookmg tomatoes 234, for preserving potatoes in a dried slate 235, for destroying bugs 235, to. preserve timber from, decay 236, lo remove spots or stains from linen 237. to make . arrot pudding 237, lor contraction of the limbs 242, for pres^ rving the eyes. 242^ fir dropsy 242, to make patent paste 243, to make potato starch 245, to cure influenza 255, to cure tooth a«he 261. for tern- pe.ing tools 261, for making vinegar 263. of a cement that resists mor-ture 267. do. Ihatharder.s under water 207, for the bile of a saake 269, to make Japaitese-ce- O5en',.or rice "lue 270, fbc isinglrus ctmest 2.71,.fo; INDEX. preserving wood and brick fr"? ''«=*?• ,ri 273 ?o makin- 'cheap, wholesome, and savory food 273, to Remove spots of grease, pitch, fee. from woollen cloth 280, for the destrLion of inserts 280 294, for mak.ng ink 291, to improve molasses 293, to make economical wicks for lamps 293, for pickling cucumbers 295, for an unchangeable cement 295, for preserving fruit 29.,, clay paint for destroying insects 295, to destroy cock- roaches 299 317, for making coffee 301, for cutting o-lass 309, for making durable black ink 314 317, for sore eyes 317, for a grafting composition 318, to make o-in^er beer powder 318, to make spruce beor 318 367, for making currant wine 325, for making malic or ap- ple wine 325, for making anodyne balsam 326, lor anodyne ointment 326, for making a sort of drink call- ed cabal 326, for a liquor to preserve bodies from fire 327, for making blacking 335, for preserving eggs 335, for making flax seed jelly 341, for freeing apartments from noxious air 342, for curing come 342, for rennet for cheese 345, for destroying flies 349, against bed bugs 349, for sore backs in horses 350, for curing in- temperance 351, compositions for smearing sheep 354, for the scab in sheep 354, for the bite of a rattle snlke 357, to preserve butter for use at sea 286, for afire and water proof cement 286, to preserve potatoes 286, for Searle T. on the foot rot in sheep 233 Sea-water, en its use as a manure 195 Sea-weed, its use in agriculture 54 Seed corn, remarks on the selec;tlon of 163 Seeds, on propagating from the best instead of chang- ing 93, packing of in foreign countries 226, germina- tion of accelerated by chlorine 226, on the vegetation of 230, advantages to be derived from the rolling of j 231, periods of their germination 242 382, preserved best in pulverised charcoal 403, on gathering|413 Shoes and boots, how made water proof 206 ^ , Sheep, remarks on the management of 3 133, Remarks on the wintering of 59 142, on sheep and \i|oo1, re- marks on by Richard K. Meade 66, a large one 88 hints on feeding 115, Saxony, sale of at Brigl|ton 117 diseased m Indiana 150, inoculated in France 164, on the foot rot in 233 387, on the grub-worift in 314 on shearing 353, remedy for the scab in 354, to des- troy licks in 387, great day's work in shearing 407 Silk, profits of manufacturing 29 67 131 291, forty lbs. produced to the acre 29, in Orleans county N. Y. 56, circular letter relating to its cultivation 09, exhibi- tion of at Taunton 115, cuUivationof in Connecticut 146, history of 164, culture of in Sweden 214, Gov. Lincoln's communication on the culture of 249, G. A. Tufts on the culture of 249, on the manufacture of by J. M. G. 265, on the cultivation of by A. Steven- son 276 et seq. culture in Rhode Island 341, in Lei- cester 399, recommendation of by the Philjidelphia Society for promoting Agriculture 404, itemsrelating to 414 consumption 364, for canker in the stomach 3C5, to preserve ale 365, for the bite of a snake 367, for mak- ing rose water 369, for preserving currants 371, to pre- serve against bugs 371, to preserve milk 371, to die cotton a buff colour 372, to take out grease spots from a carpet 372, to stain leather gloves 373, to make paste for sharpening razors 373, against the weevil 374, to ! Sinclair Robert, on cultivating turnip? 1.. preserve vines from bugs 375, for preserving mi^at 70 j Slave labor, disadvantage;; ol 397 93 387, to preserve game in hot weather 387, to sweet- , Sleep, remarks on by Jameson 6 en meat, fish, &c. that is tainted 387, to remove the [ Smoke,' mode of destroying 409 taste of turnips from butter, &c. 387, to cure tlie foot i Snow, estimate of quantity which fell in Pixmont 274 rot in sheep 387, to destroy ticks on sheep 387, to cure [ Soap, an economical mode of making 189 felons 389, for scouring carpets 389, for removinj sedi- Soils, on the nature of 212 ment in the noses of tea-kettles 397, for preserving po- Sorrel, on destroying by quick lime 3 tatoes in a dried state 402, for making soup of bones | Snails used for food 35G 403, for bleaching straw 403, for purifying hon(y 405, 1 Sounds, on their transmission 146 for preserving substances from humidity 407, lo pre- i Squash, notice of the marrow 31-1 serve the teeth 416 Squash seed, produce of 86 Rennet for cheese, remarks on 345 Stables, benefits of loose 203 Rheumatism, chronic, remedy for 66 69 198 Steam power in ICngland 165 Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Do- ] steaming food for cattle 306 mestic Industry, notice of their liberality 8C I Stearns jr. I. his notices of seasons 365, on the. aan'jal Rhubarb, on the culture of 316 I growth of forest trees 365 Rice as an article of diet 85 Steeps for wheal, experiments on 67 Ricketson Shadrach, recommends sowing timothy in : sieers, mode of breaking to the draught 127 autumn 76 I SiUnson Earl, his Address 244 252 Ring worm, remedies for 115 374 .397 405 River weeds, on the use of for manure 404 Roads, public, roofing of recommended 371 Rose, China, notice of 316 Rose bug, remarks by Mr Lowell on their destructive powers 52 Roses grafted on oaks 213 Rose water, receipt for making 369 Rotation of crops, remarks on 212 218 Hush R.ichard, Secretary of State, his circular l?'tter respecting the cultivation of silk, ic. 70 Rnsticus on the management of working oxen 41 Rye, on its cultivation in New England 159, time of harvesting 164 R.ye bread, remarks on the excellency of 4 S. his inquiry respecting an insect which preys on quince bushes 34 Sage, on its culture 294 Salads should be washed in salt water 406 Salter, .lohn M. his remarks on the season 9 Salt thought to be of little use in agriculture 54 220, said to preserve wood from burning 133, on different qualities of 189, duties on 252, manufacture of in Barnstable county 333 Salt hay, how cured in Dartmouth 41 Salt marshes, on recovering from the sea 3 4 Sand the best manure for clay 360 Savory, on its culture 294 Schaick Gerard Van, his remarks on a machine for raising stumps 194 School masters, Ignorant, condemned 173 Srolytus pyri, an insect in pear trees 1 2 25 26, cut representing 2 Sea coal ashes injurious to vegetation 413 Stramonium or thorn api>le 414 Strawbeny, remarks on the culture of 300 364 388 dis- solve tartar on teeth 334, fine ones presented by Mr Perkins 390, large ones raised in Ohio 390 Straw, uses of to, farmers 180 Straw bonnets, on the manufaclure of3i3 Straw cutter, saving made by 196 Subscriber, on a new kind of grass 2, his query on the culture nf the pine and elm tree 57, en the cedar apple for expelling worms 58 Sugar, on the production of251 Sufphate of quinine, its medicinal uses 157 Sulphur and sulphuric arid promote vegetation 115 Sunflower, uses of 242 Sumac, remarks on 179 Swimming, art of 44 335 Swine, staggers in 86, — on fattenin : Ml, notice of fat ones 179 — profits in fattening by Sa.miel Hubbard 137 on their devouring their young 214 222, — swamp brake recommended lor 373 — how fed iu Mexico 410 Syphon for draining wells 345 Tan mixed with manure injurious to the latter 203 Tar from wood, uses of 181 Time, on the employment nf 41 1 Tea of Paraguay and China, notices of 53, use of 248 Teasel, on the culture of 379 Tea-drinUiug, remarks on 156 Tea kettle, sediment in how removed 397 Tenant quitting a farm, inquiries respecting his charac- ter 225 Threshing machine by Mr Shaw 69, by Mr Pope 373 Thibet goats purchased by Mr Pendleton 223 Thorhurn & Son, notice of their seeds 230, their remarks rden seeds 333 Season, remarks on 3 9 18 14 77 256 330 365, in Vir- I Three things of great importance 312 gmia 54, m New Prnns'.vick 57, by Mr Lowfli 55, in ' Timber, on the composilion of 226. Maine 63 8j 309, in WorcesU^r 38^1 from decay '236 240, the right lime to preserrt of felling 247 Timothy, best sowed alone and in autumn 75 Teeth, on the preservation of 333 Tooth ache, cure for 261 T. P. on a disease in pear trees 26 Tradesmen's villas 366 Transplanting, remarks on 209 Travellers, patriotic, useful inquiries for 225 Trees, in St James and Hyde Park, how affected- insects 169, notices of large ones 110 303, on transplanting of 244, advantages of for shade, i 340, statute against the mutilation ol 364, o transplantation or 402, how rendered permanen fruitful 402, those proper for planting by put roads, &c. 41 1, Gen. Dearborn's remarks on the c tivation of 193 Trouts, domesticated 94 Tufts Joseph, his remarks on profitable farming Richard Hildreth 194 ° George A. Esq. on the culture of silk 249 Tunnel under the Thames, notices of 397 403 'UI Turkey wild, natural history of 187 398 Turnips, on the cultivation of 13 403 413, on rais amon^ corn 389 Vaccination, neglect of deprecated 125 Vegetables, large 183, crossing the breeds of 245, li to preserve the several kinds distinct from each o er 350, how gathered and preserved 397, on plant in rows and stirring the ground about deep 41C Vegetable nature, laws of 242 Veritas, his remarks on fruit trees 9, on the cultivat of cabbages 313, on bugs in peas 314 Villai Tr.vlesmen's, remarks on 366 Vine, its cultivation in France 137, uses of its lea 241, remarks on by A. Parmentier 254, by the Ed 2o!, unprofitableness of cultivating in vineyards 2 on pruhinj; and denuding in September 409 Vinegar, receipts for making 13 203, remarks on 12 Vineyards in the states of New York, New Jersey : Connecticut 404 Virgilius, on remedies of deficiencies in hay crops Volcanoes, remarks on 232 Walnuts, time forgathering 84 Washing cotton and linen, directions 173 Washington Geo. extracts from letters by 76 36i 2 notite of his agricultural papers 358 Wasp, sling of cured by an onion 3 V^'ater, boring for, remarks on 301 350, fillcrino- ; chine fjr purifying 286, curious fact concerning . Water melons and green corn preserved under 1 stacks 61, large ones 86 Water spouts, theory of 2"lj Weather, remarks on 4G Webster Dr extracts from his description of the 4z( 358 Weeding 374 4H Weevil, remedies for 374 Welles Hon. John, on reclaimed marshes 210 217 : Wheat and rye stalks uncomincn production of 386 Wheal for seed, benefit of liming 31, experiments steeping 67, remarks on its ciillivation in Neiv Ei land, by J. Buel, Esq. 217, feeding down by shi to preserve against the Hessian fly 334 Wheel carriages, an improved method of greasin" Wheeler Benjamin, Esq. rtcomtnends a solution pot ash as a v/a.«h for fruit trees 324 White .Mountain, remarkable slide in 59 White washing apartnienis recommendtd 415 Whitney Phineas, notice of bis experiment (ur mani ing a farm without mm 357 Wife, a profitable one 164 Willow, the weeping, rem.arkB on 338 Wine, made from fruits 53, home made fiom the vii yard of Col. Carr 84, remarks ofl by Ur R. Gre 325 Winslow John, notice of his self feeding hrick press 1 Woad, wild indigo plant a substitute for 52, a n< method of preparing 205 Women, American, anecdotes of during therevolutio ary war 48 Wood peckers, great and wanton destiuction of 69 Wood for fires, economy in 173 Wool and sheep, remarks on by R. K. Meade 66, i crease of west of the Alleghany mountains 214, n tice of in Orville, Vermont 245, sixteen pounds i taiued from a merino buck at oue shearing 403 Wool growers and Manufacturers, observations i dr<>ssed to 5, me^ ticg of 191 Yeasl,asa manure 164, rfij.e for r_-ialiir,g 24i NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. I'uohsliod by John B. Kusseli, VOL. V. _oijgi^sjiml UnOdl^Streots.— T1IOMA3 G. Fessbkdf.n, Editw. BOSTON 1 RIDAY JULY 28. 182(5. NO L ORIGINAL PAPERS. THE EFFECT OF PLASTER OP PARIS NEAR THE SEA COAST. Mr Fesse.ndk.n — Tbe opinion is so deeply root- !, Uiat Gypsum, or Plaster of Paris, is of no use 1 lands ne;ir the sea-coast, that it requires some ervo to brave the ridicule which may be excited y contraiiictinsr it. Yet I am willing to incur this ridicule, because bcheve that the evidence of ray senses is strong- r proof than any opinions, and particularly than ach as have been formed on very loose experi- leiits, by persons who have not carefully inquired n what descriptions of land, and on what plants. As soon ai the hay was in, I gave a dres:iing of Plaster to the gravelly knoll 07ili/, at tho rate of t.'ireo bushels to tlie acre. Tht' effect has been as great as has over been represented to be produced by gypsum by persons in the interior. The second crop on the gravelly land iifar superior to that on a rich and depp soil in the same field. It may be discovered at ten rods' dist;ln;e ; and you can mark by your eyes precise- ly the line of the groupd, to which the Plaster was applieJ. Vou, sir, have seen this spot of half an acre, ,ind can testify whether its eflects are not very obvious. I shall not cut it for some weeks, unless compelled to it by a second drought, and I invite firmers to see the effect of this experiment, aster of Paris has been found, in other countries | ""t now, because it is but a repetition of an old nd statos, to operate successfully. | one. I shall set out with the fact, that Plaster has been i I am induced to lay this subject before tho farm- sed with success on lands on the sea-coast of 'ers of Norfolk, Bristol, Barnstable, and Essex, be- 'rance, where the southwest wind, the prevalent! cause I am convinced that the experiment of the no in summer in that country, brinss with it the | use of gypsum in this quarter has not been fair and cean air : .and in our country, in Massachusetts fu'h )r example, the prevalent winds do not bring' with It is of no service on low lands, or on good land, > lem an atmosphfere filled with saline particles. It nor of much use to any products except to clover anuot therefore be the vicinity to the sea which a-'id lucerne ; but on sandy and gravelly soils, and jnders gypsum inert and inetficacious with us. — appliet' to these plants, especially in dry seasons. 'he cause of its inefiicacy near the seacoast must erefore be sought for in something else ; in the ature of our soil, perhaps already sufficiently im- ued with the constituent parts of gypsum, or in I am convinced it will prove valuable. — I paid only four dollars for ten bushels, ground ; and I applied only sixty cents' worth to this land, and am con- vinced, that the Plaster will increase the value of ur more free use of stable manure, vvhiflj^ furnish- :^g_secQnd crop to five times the cost of the appli- s the plants Willi all tho food tbey require. I have been in a constant and invariable course f experiments on Plaster, and these are tlie results. t seems to be of no use, ever, to clover, on low leadow lands — of no use to any plants on a good ich, well manured soil. But I have three decisive roofs of its utility on dry, hilly, gravelly soils. The first I shall mention was an experiment lade by the late Ralph Smith, Esq. of Roxbury n a lofty hill of old pasture land. He applied it Dr several years, and his own conviction ts«as, and . was also the full conviction of many otiiers", t. tt, ; : materially improved the condition of his pasture. t'on. J. LOWLLL Tho use of Plaster has been gradually spreading from Connecticut river towards the sea-coast ; but I ha'e not heard of its application nearer than Fraiiingham. Rixbury, July 10, 1820. DISEASE IN PEAR TREES. Mr Fessenden — Some notice has already been taken in the papers of this town, of a disease which has recently appeared in the Pear Trees of this vicinity, and upon my return from the city, 1 was 'rieved to find that it had become extensive, and t was green at an earlier period, and the white j'"-'«=itens to be entirely destructive of that fine lover came into it more generally and luxuriantly ' *"■■"'*• I» '■'"'. S^^riea of my friend, the Secretary han into other lands in the same situation Seven years since, I applied Pla.ster to a newly aid down field of clover — one half of which was a Iry gravelly knoll, with very little vegetable soil. •Vhen it was fit for cutting, I shewed it to the Trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural Socie- y, and without pointing out to them the part to A'hich the Plaster had been applied, they at once, )n sight of it, detected and pointed out the superi- rity of the crop on the part to which the gypsura lad been applied ; and their designation agreed, )y metes and bounds, with the stakes I had driven, ndicating the part to which Plaster had been ap- olied, and which were then concealed by the grass. This superior crop was on a pure gravelly soil, far nferior to the rest, which was a deep rich loam. This year I had a piece of clover in its second /ear of growth. It was similarly situated. Two thirds of it was a gravelly thin soil. I cut tlie i whole on the Iflth day of June. The gravelly part, owing to the drought, did not yield more than half I ton to the acre, — the rich part an excellent crop. of State, which was planted and cultivated with great care and taste by his father, trees of large size and which have been in bearing many years, are wholly withered and sapless within a few days. Among my own young and most thrifty trees, large branches are seared, tho loaves appar- ently scorched as by fire, and the smaller twigs blighted and perished. I send you two small branches, which forty-eight hours since, were green and vegetating, now dry and shrivelled as from a year's decay. Tlie dis- ease, so far as I have had opportunity to notice it, ippears in the sudden discoloration of the leaf, [vhich becomes sometimes uniformly brown, like he effect of the winter's frost, and in other instan- fes black in spots or parts, having the appearance of being stained with ink or some dark liquid — :ind the decay of the limb is rapidly downward to the trunk. My Quince Bushes are attacked in the same manner, branches of which I also send for ,-our inspection. These trees were all imported hy e a few years since, from the excellent nursery of Mr I nnce, in Flushing on Long Island, were the.- healthy and vigorous, and have hitherto flourished in a remarkable degree. The soil in wliicli they stand i-5 a deep and warm but a sufficiently moist loam, cultivated witli ihe hoe, and occasionally dressed with small quantities of compost manure. Quince bushes Iioivever, in a drier and lightei' soil arc affected in a similar way. I have also observed that small limbs and par- ticularly scions upon tho engrafted apple trees, in some iostancBf-, exhibit the same appearance. A malady (for I cannot but regard it as such, rather than the result of occasiional injury from the stin? of insects, which it has been considered by some^ of so alarming indication, calls for an immediate and earnest inquiry into the cause, that if happily, the moans may seasonably be discovered to arrest its. rapid and ruinous progress. .», With the facts I have thus hastUy stated, and tlic better information to be obtained from an ex- amination of the branches and cuttings which I send, I hope for that aid in the iiivesiigation, which yo»r devoted and successful attention to all subjects connected with the improvement of the country, jffords. Should further observation ena- ble me to present other facts, or to suggest any hints worthy of consideration, I shall readily avail myself of your indulgence in asking permission to communicate them. With sentiments of respect, and of a sense of obligation ior • our valuable labors, ■">"■■. obed't friend a'hd serv't, LEVI LINCOLX. Jf'orcester, July 17, 1826. Remarks hy ihe Editor. — Immediately after re- ceiving the above, we called on the Hon. Mr Low- ell, President of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, wjiose opinions on this or on any other subject, connected cither with the scientific or practical part of agriculture or horticulture, are worthy of the highest respect. Mr Lowell was so good as to give that thorough and efficient ex- amination to the object of inquiry, which he is ever ready to afford, when he can thereby promote the interests of those who cultivate the soil with a view either to the pleasure or to the profit of the pursuit. The following is the communication which we received from Mr Lowell, relative to the supposed disease of pear trees. T. G. Pessexden, Esq. Editor of the JVeio England Farmer. Sir — I have examined the shoots of the pear and quince trees, sent to you by His Excellency Gov. L1NC01.N, the leaves and stalks of which were in a blasted state ; and have read with in- terest the letter addressed to you by him. At your request, I now give the result of my observation on this apparent disease. I have known such an effect to be produced on the pear for more than forty years, and although I have seen two or three fine pear trees entirely destroyed by it (twenty years since) yet its ravages have not been consid- erable. There are now in sight of my windows on my own, and my neighbors' grounds, upwards of two hundred pear trees, and the disease in ques- tion always appears every season on one or more NEW EiXGLxVND FARMEil. July -iS, 1826. of them, yet I have never known more than three 1 destroyed by it. 1 will describe the eS"ect:5 of the apparent disease, for disease in the tree itself it is not. In the latter end of June or in July, o ne or more limbs of a tree in the fullest vigor, with fruit often upon them, and with shoots of the same year, per- iiaps 18 inches long, full of sap, suddenly appear blasted — in three days the wood becomes dry, and hard ; and the fruit itself is dessicated, and so hard as to be cut with difficulty with a knife, The effect in short is precisely the same as if jou had sawed off the limb and thrown it on the woodpile ; and so it ought to be, for in effect it has been saw- ed off by the teeth or rather instruments of a mi- nute insect. This partial effect in a vigorous tree led , me to suspect it to be the work of an insect. The first tree of mine which was attacked in this manner Was a healthy St. Michael's pear — It was filled with fruit, and four large limbs were thus attack- ed at once and perished — this was in I8U3 in the month of June. As I had detected tlie insect which is the enemy of the White Pine, and which BO often entirely destroys the beauty ami value of that tree in the forest, and had succeedeii in extir- pating it, or materially checking its deircdations in my own grounds, I was led to hojie, that the blast of the Pear tree might also be occasioned by a wood eating insect, and I v.'as the more encour- aged to hope this, since the case was so rare^ as I may say entirely anomalous, of a tree being in a perishing state in some parts, and in high health in others. I cut off one of the diseased limbs, and spent many hours before I detected the causeof the evil. The insect is so small, its place of operation so concealed (no external hole or swelling to lead you to detect it) that it requires mJch care to find t. Yet when discovered the injury was quite suf- ficient to produce all the effect — he had eaten from the root of a bud, behind which, prohabbi, the egg was deposited, following the course of the eye of the bud into the pith, which he had consum- ed, together with all the heart wood. He had then gone into the chrysalis state, in the scene of his depredations, and was in the perfect state when I found him. I carried the branch and in- sect to Professor Peck, who soon ascertained that it was the perfect insect of a wood eating larva, of which the genus was known, though this species was new. I afterwards found others of them ; and this day, after I saw you, I detected a hole which had been made by one of these insects, p_recisely like that to be seen in the plate accompanying Professor Peck's description, and ftave no doubt that iiny patient and curious investigator will find llictn in every diseased limb. ' To make this examination moreqasy,I would remark, that you ought to begin below, not in the centre of the blasted limb. If an insect should saw off a twig eight feet below its , extremity, it would begin to die first at the fop. The hole or -pace eaten will be found at the root of some bud, Jind in the centre of the twig. As soon as I knew the cause of the disease, I .■ipplied the same remedy which I had done for the white pine eater. I cut off all the affected limbs '[uite close to the main stem, and far below all dis- .'■ase, and burnt them. I e.'itirpated the disease iVom the tree, aud ten years have since elapsed witliout its reappearance. The very day you call- ed upon me with Gov. Lincoln's letter, I found auolher hciilthy tree attacked, and have proceedea in the same manner. You was present at the ex- tirpation of the diseased limbs, one of which had contained the insect, whose destructive operations I now exhibit to you. There are those who are incredulous as to this minute insect's being the cause of this evil. I can only say, that on all subjects of this sort I never seek for two solutions, when one is sufiicieiit. The degree of injury which Professor PkcIic, and many others, as well as myself, saw inflicted by this insect, is sufficient to destroy an oak, or an elm, or any other the most stately tree. D d this indeed do it? Yes, no human art could hav^ made so regular, and beautiful an incision. Tile size and form of the opening was such, as siicli an in- sect could make. The insect was of a genus, which subsists on w'ood. ' The remedy is instant extirpation of t!ie limb affected. I applied this remedy, and the disease ceased. These are my reasons for believilig that the insect, named by Mr Peck, " Scolytjs Pyri" is the cause of the apparent disease, called Fire Blast, on pear trees I think you had better pub- lish part of Professor Peck's letter, and i-efer to the plate in number 3, vol. iv. of the Masi. Ag'l Journal. Its mode of working cannot be wjell un- derstood without a plate. I send you a diseased piece of my pear tree, in which you can eee the hole, which the scolytus made, and by opaning it you will perceive the extent of his operations. — The insect is very small — only one-tentn of an inch long. 1 am, sir. respectfully yoiirs, J. LOWELL. P. S. The above remarks are longer than I could W'ish and more diffuse ; but I had not time enough to make thom shartpr Kct ojihour chnuia bo lost at this season of the year, in extirpating the limbs.r rection, leaving the alburnum or sap-wood un touched, except at its exit. This is shewn at Fig 2, which represents ti.e end of the wood at tht place where the insect was lodged. The externa dark circle represents the bark ; the centre, th' medulla ; the other dark portion is the excavatio' made by the grub. " The genus to which this insect belongs, i ' called Scolytus. Of this genus it is an undescrib ed species. It is precisely y'^ or J-"^ of an inch i length, yij in diameter ; of^ a deep brown colon the legs and antennae paler and of a rust colour the thorax in front is rough with small tubercle which point upward, and is studded with ere( bristles, as are also the elytra or wing-cases an other parts of the body. The elytra are striate with slightly impressed points, »ud between tl series of points are rows of bristles. The plar of the anterior opening of the thorax, which re ceives the head, is nearly at right angles with th; which joins the abdomen,so that the head is entire I underneath. The eyes are oljlong, and the antei , n:B inserted at their lower and anterior edge.- I This species may be called Scolytus Pyri. I "The mischievous effects of this minute inse i are observed in June and July ; the dead part I the branches of the pear-tree should be immet I ately cut off and burnt without delay, as the i; ' sects liave not then left them." 1. Fig.Q. Professor Peck's notice of the insect, mention- ed above by Mr Lowell, may be found in in ar- ticle, published in the Massachusetts Agrictltural Journal, for Jan. 1817, vol. iv No. 3. from vhich we have extracted the foUowin SPECIES OF GRASS. Mr Fessende.n — I enclose you a head of gn and a low stalk of the same kind without seed, and subjoiied a ' your inspection. It is a kind of grass which I ha figure of the Scolytus Pyri, in its perfect form, and ' often seen,and ibrwhich I have heard several vulg a representation of the wood in which the insect j names, but the true name of which I am altogeth lodges, during its larva or grub state. I unacquainted with. It is extremely troublesoi "^For several years past, the ends of the branch- j i* gardens and cultivated fields, as it is difficult OS of the Pear-Trce have been observed to perish Wl with the hoe, and will grow from the bott< suddenly, insomuch that it has been attributed to '^' a furrow or sod, after being turned green si lightning. Mr Lowell believing that it was cans- dawnwards, as well r.s anyway, and indeed ed by insects, on examining the dead part of the Img as a piece of root remains in the ground branch, proved the correctness of his judgment v'ill sprout and grow. He presented mo one of the insects with a part of ) I find a few square yards of it in a mowing lie the branch, which contained it in its perfect state; which is the occasion of this communication. "The branches attacked by this insect are knowi by their leaves withering and turning brown. — This happens in June or July ; the insect has the> passed through its pupa or chrysalis state, and ac quired its jjerfect form. As it is only atler it ha arrived at this period, that it can continue the spe cies, it is probable that it deposits its eggs befor' the month of August is passed. The egg is prol- ably deposited behind a bud, i. e. between the bid and the stem, and is hatched soon after ; the lar\a or grub eats its way inward through the sap, into the hardest part of the wood. " The piece of a branch which I had, was thro> years old ; it had, therefore, one layer of sap anJ 'obligingly given usits scientific appellation, wlij. two of wood. The grub had eaten the inner lay gr of wood, a part of the medulla or pith, and abou, j,alf of the second layer of wood, in a circular di- 'hich does not appear to be affected by un ind gives a large cutting of hay, say twice as uju s herd's grass and clover in tl»e same meadow. It is generally found on dry warm land, so far have noticed its location. I never knew any o attempt to cultivate it as a profitable grass, I every one gives it some hard name, and endrnvt to extirpate it. Will you give me its true nan fee and oblige A SUBSCRIBER, I HaUowell, (Me.) July 20, 182G. ; Remarks by the Editor. — The kind of grass abo I mentioned is not uncommon in the neighbourho of Boston ; and Mr Lowell lately pointed it o{ to us on his place in Roxbury. Dr Bigelow hj, he states is Phalaris Americana. We knownotfl ing of its value as food for cattle. This can orl be determined by exp-criment ; and as its prbdul Vol. v.— No. ]. NF.VV ENGI.ANI) FAU3n:K. Pembroke, July 26, 1820, Yours, respectfully, is large, it is well wortli a thorough trial. It may i nieaium of tlie New England Farim ! be well, however, to observe that some patience method of curing them ■11(1 perseverance may be necessary to ascertain its [ ilue by feeding i^ out to cuttle, which have not ii'cn accustomed to it ; as they otlen refuse a new I kind of food which is substantial and suitable for them. Let your cattle, if they reject it at first, try it in cold weather, alter short keeping, and when I they have been aciustomed to it, tlieir preference or dislike will give tlie means for forming an esti- mate of its value. n-, tlic best II. C. THE SEASON. [Extract of a letter from a Correspondent in Ben- nington, Vt.] '• The universal complaint of drought lias pre- vailed here in a severe degree. There is not half a crop of grass, and many kinds of fruit, — spring . j and winter wheat, and rye, are much injured Bui RECOVERING SALT MARSHES. | we have had copious showers of late, v^-hich make Mr Fesse.npe.n. — I wish through the medium jOats, Corn and potatoes look promising, Grass- of your paper to call the attention of some of our i hoppers are plenti/." distinguished and useful agriculturists to the ob- 3 The lambs cume in February, and the greater part died ; and the remai.ider were poor scrawny thmgs. I then found, for the fust time that the ewes had but lilllc milk, which was owino- to tlieir bemg fed on dry food. The next year,! put my bucks witli my ewes, the twentieth Oc- tober : had better luck. The next year, I put my bucks tenth November: had still better luck.— Tlio next year, put my bucks the first December • and from one hundred and fifty-six ewes, raised one hundred and fifty-four lambs ; wliicli great success was chiefly owing to the season of the year the lambs came in ; tlie ewes then having plenty of milk, and the cold storms mostly over _ ^ ^ ^ I "<'ver let my ewes have the buck until they are ject of ricovcrins marshes icholly from the sea. I From Memoirs of the N. Y. Board of Aoriculture ' l'?^^'"""*^^ of one year old : my reason for so doing, "= ■ ' IS, they lose two fore-teeth when they are one year old, and cannot gather grass enough to sun- occasionally ride on the Salem Turnpike, and as | often wish the Hon. Joh.n Lowell or some other | spirited and competent individual, would under- ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP, &„. , „^ „ J, , ^,_i To Jesse BuEL, Esq — Having received a cir- j ''°''' ""^™^'^'^''^ ""'' lamb, ami are both spoiled. take to cover the large waste place, devoted to *^"'^''' at'''ressed to me, requesting me to commu- ^^^ ^^'^'^P ^^^^'^^ before mentioned have large epa- salt grass.with rich plantations and luxuriant Eng- "'^^^''^ 'o the Board of Agriculture for the state of [ ^^^ '®'} "P.'^".'''; *''^ ^''^es, about four feet from the lish grass. I would enquire of you, tlie nature of |^ew-York, what little information I possess, as round, which lets the air circulate freely above the shore bounding those great marshes. Is it *a''n^<^>'' I know of no better way than to give a I \ ^^'^^^' ""^ carries otf tlie stench. I also such that a moderate expense would embank or ^ho" 'Tcount of my operations for several years ! jf^*^ '"^'^'^'^ «ithboUoms to them, m order to keep dyke it : and are the mouths of the several rivers P^st ; which are as follow *"" 30 situated that they could be easily locked so as to admit as much water as should be necessary '"em from running over their feed, or getting In tilling the earth, I consult the nature of the i '^''°''' ^^""^ ^"" °*' bay-seed, which is injurious. When properly managed, sheep arc the most ... .... ^., „.„...,.,.... „o ., ^ ^^ ,.^^^^:,a.,y 'f sandy, I loavo the surfaco smooth, in Order , « ., ■ , - for irrigation and no more ? Your attention is ^ retain the moisture as long as possible : if the ; P'_,"''/f .^"™^'^ '■^'^'='' "P°" o""; farms ; as they respectfully invited to this subject by Boston, July 26, 1626. Your ob't servant, F. H. P. soil is heavy, I lay it in ridges, so as to carry the ' '^"PP'^'i i" their fleece, carcases and tallow, the most water off as soon as possible. The ridges are | "'"=.'^"' "'^"'^ °'""''^"- I beg leave to remark, that made by throwing eight furrows together, and , "'*^"' ''^''' ^'''"'^ ^'^^'^^ "°* ^°^'> well understood cleaning out the middle furrow between the lands, ' ^^ °^^ legislature, or they would lend a fostering which always ought to lie so as to take the water | ''^""^ *" ^° ^^^ili'^ble an animal. The United States off. I followed this mode of farming many years ; "^^^ "^^'°'' ''^ ^" independent nation, until we roan- Hemarks by the Editor. — We are but little ac nuainted with the nature of the soil and the cir- - — & j j^.^.^, . cumstances of situation, &c. of the extensive tract I''"*' Ending my farm fast decaying under the } "''^'^^"'^ ^^'^ °'^'" <=°"°"^^"j;^o°JJ^;^ ^l°tjj^ above referred to : but think the snhjoe* highly P'o^gh, and knowftig that no farm will keep itself . » i>t .v cTTm,,, BENJAMIN SUTTON. deserving attention. Among the enquiries which ^" liean should precede any attempt, by draining, embank ments, &c. to convert salt marshes to fresh mead I turned my i CURE FOR THE STING OF A WASP. A few days ago, happening to be in the country, attention to the raising of horses and cattle, with menis, tvc. lo coint-ri, saiL iimisiies lu iiusn iiieau- ^^"^ SO"*' success ; but I never suffered my young I ,..„ ,,,;f„„^„„i ,,„ „. - > ^, . „ ows suitable for the production of English grass, ^ ^t«k to stand crooked with hunger or cold, in dn "I? ™n 1 i 'r T L^°' *'^ &c. the nature and depth of the soifis, perhaps, ««i^ ^^^t year's growth ; for if they are allowed '^^'"^ "^ '^ «'«^P '"enfoned m one of our late nnn. one of the greatest consequence. The soil of ^° '^o ''°' they will grow crooked, as well as a twig, some land occasionally flooded by the sea is so ^'''^^" ''^"'- ^ think that if farmers in general sandy, or otherwise defective, that it would not """^"^ ^^^d to two,as much as they do to three,their be, prudent or profitable to undertake to change its "^*' profits would be much greater. After these nature and productions. But in some cases salt several experiments, my land being mostly of a marshes, by a moderate expense in ditching, diking heavy nature, I found that stock travelling over and proper cultivation, may be made the most vaf- "'*^ f^eUs, packed the land so hard that it must be uable land which our climate affords. We hope P'oughed often, or it would bear no grass ; and as the suggestion of our correspondent will meet the '"y S°o^ fortune would have it, I had twenty!. ^„„, ^, , ^ .....„.,.<...„„». i.mus- attention of those to whom they are addressed, calves and sixty slieep, feeding at my barn ; and ' try. They overlook solid comforts, such as all and shall at all times be happy to lend our columns | always found that the twenty calves eat more ; might enjoy, and think only of luxuries which must to the objects of his communication. i "='y "'an my sixty sheep ; and I found by obser- ' always be confined to a few. The love of the fine vation that my sheep trod so light that they did arts engrosses attention that should be devoted to RECIPE FOR GINGER BEER. j not poach the land into mud, and leave it so hard ' the useful. I have seen women busy in embroid- Mr Fesse.nden— The following recipe for nuk- that nothing could grow on it, until it was pul- , ering silks and weaving artificial flowers, when ing Ginger Beer, I know from long experience can verized by the frost, or ploughed again. And as they ouffht to be employed in darnin^ ?"■'""■ His manner of destroying them ry by it. The common practice, however, of;'^™'' ^V '''PPin^ the large bags into a kettle of ishing the legs with cold water should never be i boi'ing water. When boiled they had a redish ap- pearance, and made a fine feast for the farmer's hogs. [Portsmouth Journal.] owed, unless the horse be exercised, or have his gs well rubbed immediately after. There is nger in plunging a horse into a river while 'eating from severe exercise, a practice often lopted by proprietors of post and stage coach )rses : that it is often done with impunity must From tht J^. Y. Statesman. TO WOOL GROWERS AND MANUFACTUERS. It is well known that American and Saxony he has heard of the death of several horses, caused by eating flour. As we have heard many persons threatening to put their horses upon flour diet, we recommend to them the caution which the abeve hint is intended to convey. [U. S. Gaz.] JVeic-Humpshire Banks. — By the late returns it appears that there are 17 banks in the state, pos- sessing a capital of i}il,742,fio0 : real estate, 62,- 429 : amount of debts, 2,425,539 : bills in circula- tion, 186, 583 : specie in vault, 279,225 : deposits', 193,704. CURE FOR A COUGH. Take a lump of alum of the bigness of a hen's egg, put it into a quart of good molasses and sim- mer the same over the fire in an earthen vessel till the alum is dead, and when cool take a spoon- ful as often as you feel the cough coming on, and in a short time you will get relief. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 28, 18SJ(, NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTOnTfRIDAY, JULY 28, 182G. PLASTER OF PARIS. The article by the Hon. Mr Lowell, with which our paper of this day commences, will prove of o-reat utility to many farmers near the sea-coast. It will serve to correct a common, but erroneous opinion that gypsum is never useful as manure in the vicinity of the sea. The Editor, as Mr Lowell has been a witness of its beneficial ef- Farmcr, and other books of husbandry, is called! •'Cole-seed, Brassicn Rapa." Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, says the ground for cole seed should be prepared in the same manner as for turnips. — Mr Hewson, the proprietor of the seed, who is Stc- customed to its cultivation, says that one pound to au acre is the proper quantify to sow. In England it is used as winter food for cattle, but in New England it will not endure the severity of winter. It will, liowevcr, we have no doubt, be valuable as fall feed for cattle,and will remain fresh and green till frost has assumed nearly its utmost intensity. intimate fects in the experiments mentioned in hio vtiluable | i^y^ j^^p^ ^^^^^ ^^^ enterprising agriculturists will communication. A writer for the Massuchiisetis gj^.g ;j ^ ^^.■^g^^ 3^,3 make its properties and merits Agricultural Repository, vol. ii. page 17, in an ar- ticle headed " Particulars respecting the history nnd the use of the species of gypsum, called Plaster of Paris ; especially as ii concerns Agriculture. — By a Member of the Kennebec Agricultural Society," makes the following observations ; " With respect to the soils and situations suited for plaster, it is clear that plaster may be thrown away upon wet soils and wet climates. It agrees, however, in general with dry loams and hungry soUs; it is favourable to hilly land, where tiie wat- er cannot lodge; and it checks the baking of clays. -^It is conmionly supposed to be useless near the sea. As the sea winds are usually moist, cool and salt; we shall not wonder, where these prevail, that a manure, favouring moisture and prospering with heat, and containing some principles analo- gous in a certain degree with those of the sea salt, should find little room for exercising its>irtues. — It may, however happen in a great continent, where dry winds and a dry atmosphere occur, tliat plaster shall furnish instances of its success even near the sea ; of which I have heard examples in New Hampshire and the district of Maine. — Cli- mates which are moist and deficient in summer heat, {as Great Britain and Ireland,) are not a- mong those where plaster has had the most numer- ous advocates; nevertheless, in the southern .parts of England, situations are found where plaster meets the most flattering success." We are likewise informed that gypsum lias been used with success on Long Island, and in the state of Rhode Island ; and believe its utility depend; more upon the nature of the soil, the season, and the kind of crop than to the vicinity or distance from the sea of the field to which it is applied. INSECTS IN PEAR TREES. It will be perceived by a preceding article in this day's paper, tliat a communication we receiv- ed from His E.xcellency Gov. Li.ncoln has led to investigation, and brought to light facts and dis- coveries, which bid fair to prove very important to those who cultivate fruit trees. It appears that the Scolytus Pyri, the insect which has excited so much alarm among orchardists, is not a stranger in this vicinity ; and, in conse('|uence of the exer- tions of Mr Lowell, and tlie late Professor Peck, liis habits and haunts liave been detected, and an easy remedy against his ravages has been dis- covered. more generally known than they are at present, at least in this section of the Union. DUTCH COLE. It will be seen by adverting to the advertising columns of this day's paper, that some seed of this vegetable is left for sale in this office. We pub- lished some account of its uses in our last paper, (vol. iv. page 409.) We presume that tlie Dutch Cole is the same plant, which in Deaiie's N. E. Extracts from " Essays on Field Husbandry, wrote from a Journal of thirty years' experience." By the Rev. Dr. Jared Eliot, of Killingsworth, Conn. Boston, printed and sold by Edes &f Gill, Qxieen street, 17(10." receipt for burning cl.w. " Any sort of clay will do for ashes, but that of a redish colour is accounted the best for that pur- pose. " Dig your clay with a spade in spits, of the big- ness of ordinary bricks ; dig two, three, eight, ten or twenty loads of clay, more or less as you please; take small billets of wood or faggots of brush, pile it up in the form of a pyramid or sugar loaf, three or four feet high, then take these spits of clay, after they have dried in the sun, surround your pile of wood with them, laying them close to the wood, laying them one upon another till you have enclosed your pile of wnnfl, only lG;ivino' an hole on the side to put in the fire, and an hole on the top to make a draught ; then surround again with spits of clay from top to bottom as before,and then again a third laying in the same order, then kin- dle your fire ; when it is well got on fire, stop up the holes with clay, the innate heat will fire the clay till it grows so hot that you may put on wet clay in great quantities ; but you must mind hot to put on clay so fast, or lay it so close as to put out your fire, for if you do so you must begin all anew. If you desire to burn as much clay as that the heap grows so higli that you cannot reach to lay it up, you may build a stage with boards, by which you may advance to as great a height as you please. The pile must be watched and tend- ed night and day, till it is fully burnt. " The author of the book out of which this re- ceipt is taken very much commends clay ashes, and tells what is a comfortable hearing, which is that forty bushels of these ashes is a full dressing for an acre of land. " The reader must take this upon trust ; if true, it W'ill make well for Hartford, Wethersfield, and those towns which abound in clay. " It may be tried with very little cost. By wet clay above named we are to understand clay in its natural moist state as it is taken from the pit. I suppose that to burn large quantities of clay at once in one pile, will be both cheaper and better performed than when burnt in small heaps." SMALL FARMS. "The old Romans lived upon small shreds of land. Roman history informs us of the quantity of land there was in the whole farms of even the foremo.'.t men and men of the first figure and highest rank in their whole commonwealth. Manlius Curiiis Dentatus was three times chosen Consul, whu was the highest ordinary office in the State, h the Roman army, fought with and entirely rout. Pyrrhus, drove iiim out of the country, and had triumph for his victory. The whole of this gri man's farm on wliich he lived, and from whicli : drew his whole subsistence, was no more th; seven jugera, which is about four acres and ; half; being offered more by the government refused it, saying that he was an ambitious a dangerous person who was not content witli, should desire more than seven jugera. " Tiie same Roman history informs of Luci Quinctius Cincinnatus, that he was consul Rome 459 years before Christ : He was also ii time of great danger chosen Dictator, who by ; office was above all other magistrates, he was vested with sovereign and supreme power b( civil, and military. In this exigency of the state raisSd-armies, marched against the enemy, subi ed them, made them pass under the yoke ai token of subjection, triumphed for his victory, a all this in sixteen days ; laid down his great ofi^ and returned home to his little farm, which c< sisted but of two acres and a quarter of land. I farm was originally seven jugera, but to pay a di which his son had contracted, he had been obi ed to sell one half of it : Nor is he the only go provident father consumed and wasted by a ra ish spendthrift son. JAMESON ON SLEEP. Those who are temperate, and use proper ex cise, will in general enjoy sound sleep. It therefore, a subject on which much need not } said ; a few remarks may perhaps be useful. People should consider it a matter of the utir t importance, to go to bed at a reasonable ho and always rise early ; this last will not only p mote health, but is a source of profit. Children may be indulged in as much sleej I they desire ; after about the seventh year tl I often require correction in this respect, for t T are certainly prone to sleep too much. The l l rule is to get them early to bed , and oblige tl 1 to rise with the family ; this will bring them i ) a good habit. People in the vigor of life, had better not ace torn themselves to much covering in bed ; m cionstitutions are injured in this way. They ou got, in general, to sleep more than eight or 11 Ijours in twenty- four; and in warm weather least, ought to sleep on beds reasonably hard. ' The aged should be laid as free from noise possible, their rooms ought to be warm, but too close ; they should have plenty of woollen c bring, and good soft feather beds, wlien they ■ be had ; and in general, they should take a ii F solid food before going to bed. Tteir sleep is - perfect, and therefore they cannot easily sleep o imucli ; a little sleep in general will be proper a: 1 jdiniier for them. All beds ought to be kept clean, often expo a to the sun, and the clothes often changed ; nic f in this respect is very essential, aud the hoiii- keeper who keeps clean beds, free from bugs, ' [l always be found a good house-keeper in other 1 j- pects. Sleep is often interrupted for want of a Ii IB nourishment in the stomach; to promote soip sleep, the brain must be duly stimulated, so t|t if you go to bed too languid, or over stimulat), you cannot sleep, for there is a state of action \- Bssarv within, whirli lins properly been called the | quality hus been detected in their cheese, whether eepin" point. U''o vessel in whicli the curd was set, was of wood The eveniuiT oiislit, if possible to be ushered in | or brass. If the latter should be the ease, it would ith reasonable mirth. The practice of p:oing to I atVord some confirmation to the opinion of our cor- nei"-hbor's house, after the business of the day is | respondent ; if the former, it would be a suflicient fter,"is a n-reut promoter of sleep. Nothing is 1 reiutation of it. The subject is worthy of investi- ') lore unfrielidly to sleep tlian intense thinking, or gation, and wc hope to sec it pursued. ^ Bgry operations of the mind ; the checkered con- ersiition of an agreeable neighbor relieves the lind, and above all, concord and pleasantness at ome leads to sound sleep ; or pleasant dreams. Never sleep with your clothes on, nor sleep in Vol, IV- ^''>- J- ^EW ENGLAND FARMEUl POISONOUS CHEESE. I have observed in your paper several notiro^; re- specting Poisonous Cheese. Also a number in tlie New England Farmer upon the same subject, but le dav time, if it caii be avoided ; if circumstan- j I think I have not observed, among the various es reeuire it, undress when you lie down. | conjectures upon the subject, that it might be pro- ''' ' — I duced by the effects of the rennet. I noticed, in AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS. ; the New England Farmer, of the 30th ult. a sup- In this age of agricultural taste and retinement, position, by B. Taber, that it was occasioned by hen the fields arc tormented with experiments, garget root.,given to Cows, as a medicine ; but un- nd the earth can scarcely sustain the weight of j^gg ^v],at he calls garget, is very different from s increased products, when the flocks from Saxon y,e vegetable bearing the same name among us, it ills and the herds of English valleys whiten and ig ygry improbable that it would produce any very !dden our pastures,when all varieties of ornament i serious effects. What is suggested by the Editor id each description of improvement gladden and ^f tj,^t interesting paper, in a note immediately I ess the face of the land, it is matter of surprise succeeding B. T's remarks, according to my ap- ! lat the graceless bordors of shrubbery which prehensions of the thing, is correct, as far as it is inge the borders of the possessions of some of pursued; but milk, in its pure and unacidified state, e cultivators of the soil should have escaped : ^ state it is necessary it should be in, to form a lecial notice. Along the sides of those highways cheese curd, I should think, would be hardly like- hich traverse our territory and intersect each ]y [„ produce any decomposition of the metal ket- her in all directions, a broad margin of ground , jjes in which it may stand, or the glazing of earth- ipropriated to the reception of those plants which ' gn pans; milk is not a very active fluid, but easily e chased before the hand of cultivation, frequent- , gded upon. ofl'ends the eye of the passer. The same belts ' jt recurs to me that I have frequently noticed green, where briars of all degrees socially inter- hrass and copper kettles, in which the milk was •ine with the hazlc twigs and the cornel branch- warmed, and subsequently the curd formed, stan- , extend along the substantial stone fences or ^jj^g g^ f^w hours unwashed, after turning out the nceal the wooden enclosures of delightful mead- : ^hey, to be coated over by a kind of gangrene, or .-s and rich grain flulcij!. The blossomed weeds \vhat may witli more propriety be termed, verdi- jnprofitably gay," and the tangled thickets that gy^^^ which is an acid of the metal, produced per- lo-ht well be redeemed by industry for better pur- jj^ps, partly by the oily particles of the milk ; but 'ses. The same neatness which makes the well ^0,-3 particularly, by the powerful solvency of the lilt and well painted houses of our farmers re- gastric juices, extracted by solution from the ren- mble in exterior beauty the dwellings of cities, ,iet. We know that very few substances will ro- ll id surpass in internal comfort the structures of gjgt the active influence, or chemical operation of ealth, would convert these waste places into fair this gastric principle. — Now if a generous portion id blooming tracts. of the juice of the rennet be infused in a brass ket- The incongruous mixture of fence and hedge, tjg ^f warm milk, and suffered to stand long before icket and field is equally unsightly and extrava- the curd is taken out, can it be doubted that a int. Most fruit trees flourish with increased considerable portion of poisonous oxyde will be gor in those situations w-hers the sheltering walls produced, and combined with, or adhere to, the Ford a firmer hold and a warm bed to their roots, ^urd. I have but little doubt that all the poison- he substitution of regular ranges of these groves ous effects that have been produced by cheese, •r the ruder and almost unproductive natives of g^yg their origin to metallic oxydes, produced by .0 soil, might be made advantageously. The ; the rennet juice, and combined with the curd — it vkward and comfortless hedge where the briar, j j^ g^ common practice to form a curd in t!ie vessel e bramble and the thistle plunder his coat from ;,, which the milk is warmed, and it would be no e sheep, and the partial barrier of shrubs tempts I gtj.^,jge thing, if some of the dairy maids should jVtio Ham}ishire. Kcent;, l)r Kdwards, P. M I'ortstnoulh, .1. VV. Foster Warjur, L. Bartlelt \V;,lpolc, S. Grant, Esq. Massachusrlls. Concord, Col. U. Shattuck] DanvPrs, J. VV. Proctor E. Sandwich,.!. Hall, ICsq. ralmouth, R. S. Wood .Vlillord Centre, P. Hunt Nantucket, S. H. Jeiiks N. Bedford, J. Toby ^nwburyport, F,. t^trdman N.Bridgewater.G.W.l'ratt Taunton. Hon.J. L.Hodge? VVeatboro' L. Pf ters, Esq. Pittsfield, J. A. Uanforth Ltnox, Hon. W. P.Walker .Norlhamplon.TVV.Shupard ViiTtnont. Uraltleboro, J. Kesseiidin Vernon, C. Washburn, Esq Woodstock, J. A- Pratt Rhude. Island. Bristol, L. W. Briggs, Esq. Providence,C.& W. Rhodes 'Piveilon, P. G. Seabury Conner litul. Hartford, Goodwiti & Sons 10. Whidsor,J. Watson, Ji'- Pennsylvania. Stockport, S. Preston Washington, A. Reed Philadelphia. .1. E. Hall Silver Lake, R. Rose, Esq Ohio. Huntsbuig, L. Hunt, Esq. le honest ox to the immoral practice of leaving IS own limits to forage in better pasturage, may isily be changed for the pleasant orchards, where le children of the husbandman may gather the uits of the peach, the apple, or the cherry, for le refreshment of his household, or the supply of le market instead of plucking the berries ripen- ig in the covert of thorns for their own satisfac- on and amusement. [Nat. .(Egis.] From, Ihe Maisachutetts Spy. We publish the following without being fully onvinced of the author's opinion,though it appears J us more satisfactory than any other which has II een advanced on the subject. We shall like to ave information from dairies, where a poisonous neglect the seasonable care of it until the whole mass had become pretty well impregnated with verdigris. — Therefore great care should be taken in this important branch of the dairy, and if metal kettles imist be used in forming the curd, let it be taken out of them as soon as it will possibly answer, and the kettle immediately washed, so that the oxydating action of the rennet, on the kettle, may be stopped. D- S. . Berlin, 7 mo. 10, 1826. Payment can be made in advance for the 5th vol- ume of the New England Farmer, to either of the following gentlemen : Maine. llCastine, M Chamberlain Bangor, Ezra Brewster Ellsworth, E. S. Jarvis Bucksport, H. Little, Esq. UPortland, Barnct Peters BELLFOVJS'DER. i his celebrated horse, of a bright Bay, with black legs, standing 15 hands high, a celebrated trotter, and a true descendant of the Ftre- aways^ will stand at Col. Jaques' stable, in Charles- town, during the season. Charge $20, aud $1,00 the groom — see New England farmer, April 14, 1826. ~l^\^EN'l'HOES.— J. & A. Kale's Patent Hoes con- stantly for sale by French & Weld, 31 k. 32 South Market St., and French & Davenport 713 Washington Street, who are appointed sole agents for vending the ame. eptl. Boston, April 28, 1826 (U^ For sale at this office, a few pounds of Dutch Cole seed. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. . - . - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - "• No 2, new, - - BUTTER," inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, _ - - Rve, best, - - . GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - ... Oals - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, aud Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover . ^ . - . WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROFfSIOJ^ MARKET. BEEl'', best pieces .... PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, ... VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, .---.- BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - . - Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, .... FROM bbl Ion. 80 (10 95 00 bnsh 2 37 bbl. 10 25 8 25 7 00 lb. 9 3 9 bush 95 bbl. 5 00 4 62 3 50 bush lb. 15 cask gal. ton. 2 87 bbl. 14 50 12 50 12 00 bush 1 67 lb. 6 35 25 30! 25i 20| 40 35 lb. 10 5 4 5 10 14 22 14 hiisb 90 90 bbl. 2 75 D. C. 2 00 4 10 1 10 10 10 20 16 24 15 95 1 00 1 00 4 00 INEW ENGLAND FARMEK. Jiilv 'JS. ls-J,x xyx£SC£:x.iiAx^ii;s. EPITAPH. On Thomas Kemp, hanged for Sheep-Slealing. Ileie liis the body of Thomas Kemp. Who lived by wool, but died by hemp; There's nothing would suffice this glutton, But, with the fleece, to steal the mutton ; Had he but work'd, and livM uprighter, He'd ne'er been hung for a sheep-biter. Thames Tunnel. — The large and ingenious iron shield, which is destined at once to protect the workmen, and the tunnel itself, from almost a possibility of danger during the operation, is fi-xed and ready to proceed horizontally. The workmen have cut away the brick work, prepuratory to their striking out horizontally under the Thames. This, from the solidity of the work and the hard- ness of the cement, is a laborious work, and ne- cessarily of slow progress. It is hoped that in eighteen months from getting through the wall, the tunnel will be carried to and under the fur- ther shore of the river ; and in the opinion of per- sons most competent to form a correct judgment, the first expectation of complete and ultimate success is increased by all the circumstances which have hitherto attended this iinportant un- dertaking. African Travellers. — Major Laing, who is pen- etrating to Timbuctoo from Tripoli, was on the U7\h. Dec. at a place called Tiiat, whence he was to proceed on the morrow, with a large kafila of traders, for his destination. A mectiifg between him and captain Clapperlon in the street of Tom- buctoo, the one from the north and tiie other from the south of Africa, would be a remarkable event. Major Laing was in good health and spirits. The Political Primer, or Road to Public Honors, is announced, as published in London. This work contains hints to young candidates, and renders 'the art of electioneering quite easy to the most unprac- tised capacity — Rules for haranguing the populace and for the writing of squibs, are also given in the greatest variety, so as to be adapted to all emerg- ences. The following whimsical circumstance and pecu- liar coincidence, it is said, actually took place some time since. A boat ascending the Ohio river was hailed by another boat, when the following con- versation ensued : " What boat is that ?" " The Cherrys/one." Whence came you ?" — " From ReAstone." " Where are you bound to ?" "Lime- stone." Who is your Captain ?" " Thomas Stone." « What are you loaded with r" — " Mi]hto7ics and ^nnistones." "You area hard set, to he sure: take care you don't go to the bottom. Farewell." A Good Toast. — The following toast was drunk «t Arlington, the seat of Mr Custis, at the late Jubilee. By the Secretary of War. — Lot the people judge af their servants, in whatever grade, by their deeds, rather than by what they say of themselves, or others say for them,always remembering the quaint adat^e, that '-an empty barrel sounds loudest." Extravagance is a great enemy to charity. So much is required for ostentatious show, to keep up the appearance of gentility, and to pamper the lux- urious, that nothing can be spared to the misera- ble.— Palladium. „^,„ . ^, J ,... 11- be avoided, as alarming obstructions, and inflami tiou of the bowels have been the consequence ■ it. Death has not unfrequently happened from th cause without suspicion being attaclicd to tlie tn source of the calamity, nor could relief be givt had it been ascertained. If those who thus wa: tonly trifle with their health knew the structure the alimentary canal, they would easily compr hend the force of the caution, and avoid the pra tice which is the ground of it. in twelve hundred millions. A Relic. — In the procession of Newburyport the •Ith inst. a banner was carried by Col. Timet Poor, of Amesbury, a revolutionary veteran, wlii was planted on Bunker's Hill in 1775. Its : pearance was truly antique. A London paper says, nothing more fully pro- that fortune is blind, than her giving £50,000 prices to two members of Parliament, who vol against lotteries. liOMAA''. Au elegant, full blooded horse, a bri Bay, with black legs, mane and tail, of high spirit' ood temper, will stand at the farm of Mr Stephen \ Hams in Northborough (Ms.) at $20 the season, to paid before the mares are taken away. — See New E lend Farmer, April 14. Calculation of Longevity. — A celebrated Mati ematician has calculated that taking the age of I' Jefferson to have been 33 years when he sign ... the Declaration, and Mr Adams to have been about the barns, until it became a question of ex- | yg^fg^ Hm chance of their both living fifty yet pediency, whether it was less expensive to shift | io,jggr, and dying at their expiration, is only o the ;-ite of a building, or to remove such an intol- ■ erable nuisance ; and several instances are on rec- ord, where the former alternative was preferred." This surest source of fruitfulness was of s6 little value, that the more sagacious farmers frequently obtained the consent of their foolish and ignorant neighbors, not merely to carry off without paying any equivalent, but stipulated to receive some re- compence for their trouble. " Before they were published to the Canadians, their agriculture vifas, if the accounts of their former state are correct, about parallel to its state in the time of Abraham and Lot, in tlie patriarchal age ; but since their publication, a new era in agri- culture has been begun in Canada and Nova Sco- tia. Improvement has proceeded with such gigan- tic strides, that already the point from which the Canadians started, is out of sight, and the whole was effected in little more than three years ; and, although the autlior says, " we have not yet reach- ed independence in bread corn, we are rmming to the goal with remarkable celerity." — Young's Let- ters on Agriculture. White Wine has been made of the native Grape, growing in Bartram's Garden, near Philadelphia, which is of a superior quality. Col. Robert Carr, the present proprietor of the gardens, besides the grapes consumed at home, and those to be made into wine, expects to have at least 3000 of excel- lent grapes in the market for sale. We are told that all the Ilourty .Coaches estab- lished to run between Boston and the adjacent flourishing towns, enjoy a fine bssiness, and tlie proprietors regret they did not establish them sooner. Betw-een Boston and Charlestown four are moving to and fro, every hour. — Palladium. Paper Clocks. — Among the recent inventions which have sprung out of the ingenuity of the French, is a curious one of making clocks of pa- per. These horologes ou pendides en carton are asserted to be an improvement on metallic machi- nery. They never require oil, are wonderfully liu-ht, very simple in their movements, and possess (the maker says) many other advantages. A friend of ours, who has seen them, informs us that they are capital things, go well for thirty hours with- out winding up, and cost only fifty francs. REFRIGERATORS, manufactured under the rection of the subscriber, and for sale at his couni house in Sea Street, Wheeler's Point. The principal use of these articles is for the presi ation of Meat, Butter, Milk, &c. and for cooling Wi and other liquors. Their excellence consists in great power of the non-conductor, together with mode of diffusing colditess in them. A small quan of ice is sutBcient to produce a uniform and powe effect. A large* assortment constantly on hand, which offered at reasonable prices. ALLEN PRATT Boston, .luly 21, 1«2G. JUST published, by Wells & Lilly, the Ediubu Review for February 1826. CONTENTS. 1. Thoughts on Banking. 2. Wanderings in South America, the North V of the United States, and the Antilles. 3. Thoughts on the advancement of .Academical acation in England. 4. Considerations on the Timber Trade. 5. Irish Novels. fi. The Hindu Chinese Nations. 7. Granby. A Novel. 8. Colonial Slavery. 9. Scotch Entails. 10. Stale of Ireland. (JO I'ublishftd every Friday at Thre» Dollars ptr num, payable at the end of the year— but those pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing je' entitled to a deduction of Fifty C'euts. Gentlemen who procureyijie responsible subscril:|l, are entitled to a sulk volume gratis. NEW ENGLAND FARMP^tt VOL. V Published by John B. Kussei.l at tlio corner of (.'oiio-re.-is iiiul Liiuiull ytnv-ts.^'J BOS TON, FRIDAY,~AUGIjsT^ ORIGINAL PAPERS. FRUIT TREES, tfu Fr.ssENDE.N — Your paper of the 14th ins- it furnishes various instances of the death of ir and apple trees, from some cause not as yet own. It is a subject of much importance, and in wliich I feel interested. As this disease . been before adverted to, and no one has as yet 2red an opinion on it, I shall undertake to give This disease appears to be of recent date — your ■respondents say within two or three years. I ■e known a few instances of it in this vicinity 1 much earlier date — of those I had no doubt of cause, and the remedy is within the reach of l-)w stature naturally. And the pear tree tradition says, sliould never be pruned. Willi the authority of nature and tradition on their side, reason is but as cliaif. Tiie disease and deatli as stated in the above in- stances, I have not the least shadow of doubt arose from oxhau.stion. There was a greater call for nonrisiiment from the roots than they could possi- bly supply — hence tlie reason to suppose the re- sult would be eitlier disease or death. A tree, with a superabundance of wood on it, is in much greater danger tlie prpsent season, than in many others. The present has been an uncommonly hot and dry one — of course the evaporation or ex- halation has been unusual. The only thing that appears remarkable is that there is not a greater complaiat than we hear— especially with tiiose who never take any trouble with a tree after it is planted. I have long been of opinion that irt cul- tivating fruit trees successfully, two things are of the first importance — which are regular manuring and tree pruning. Let this mode be resorted to and I dare affirm wo should seldom, if ever, liear of the premature disease or death of a fruit tree Ty one. L friend of mine had planted an orchard of ap- trees, which were principally of the R. I. ening, and it flourished to tlie admiration of all 0 saw it. After it had arrived to tlie age of ut fifteen years (the time at which I knew it) Jomnienced bearing, and for a few years the .t was abundant in the extreme — after that the "' "'"= piciutiLuit; ujsease or ueaui ot a truit tree. •s began to fail — the whole orchard, which J | Some judgment is to be used in the kind of ma- tlH in/lrrn /^rtntotnn^l n Vi^tnAr^A o n ,1 ^4"... . IlUre UriTllind niiiin;i] m.ittm. ic fl..^ k . i. _ ■ uld judge, contained a hundred and fifty trees, med diseased, witli but a few exceptions. The bs and top of tliem were dead and dying and a of the finest trees were actually dead. The se at the time was considered to be from the sual bearing. This orchard was on a most ex- ent soil, and has been kiijt undci tillci-o uptil r the time of this disaster ; it was then laid n as being unfit any longer for planting, in sequence of the shaded state of the ground. ; trees were managed on the old plan — every ) tiiat was put forth from the bo 'y within three ; of the ground was suffered to grow, unless happened to be sadly chafed by its next neigh nure applied— animal matter is the best as being the most likely to retain sufficient moisture for the nourishment of the tree. This should bo applied liberally, fall and spring, and be well spaded i.n, to ;lie diameter often or twelve feet at least. With regard to trimming, it should be begun V bile tlip ii-po is young, in the month of Jnne°or ^uly, by cutting off the under limbs, and all those tint bind or chafe each other. The practice dioold be continued yeariy until the tree has a bodj ot at least six or eight feet. Atler this the oody limbs may be suffered to grow— the remain- ing trimming will be only the horizontal shoots and those that start from a limb perpendicularly , which by the way was not unusual — it wasP^""^'' '•J' '^he ^^'"y "'"e not a few in a iiealthv tree „ ...:.l, ._ 1 n. rr, . . T.pt thic! T>1„., k t„_J;i , , . ■' Let this plan be steadily pursued and the tree is always in condition for a burden of fruit or the trying time of a hot and dry season — and the fruit also is improved both in size, in flavour and quan- tity, ' If your correspondents say that all this has been done faithfully with the trees which have sicken- ed, then I must acknowledge my entire ignorance i liio oiuy aiieniauve leit, and ttiat was resort- °^ ''"^ ''^^'' disease of fruit trees. Until then, I to without mercy. And in all that were not ?''^".^°''' '° t''^ opinion advanced in the preced- far ffone it had tlie dpsirpd ofTn/-* if ;„„„,..! ing lines. VERITAS. Taunton, July 24, 1826. n, with many regrets sawed off. Trimming i out of fashion, and of course there was no ! of wood — a great portion of the tree lay on ground, which was thought at the time to be he utmost importance as it facilitated the gath- ig of fruit, which could be done in a great isure by hand picking, without the dangerous ctice of climbing on ladders. Free trimminff ! the only alternative left, and that was resort Remarks by the Editor.— Couch Grass is consid- ered as a great pest by English agriculturists.— Ihc method winch tliey commonly make use of to extirpate it, is to lay the ground fallow through the summer, and harrow it frequently to draw out tlie roots, which are collected and burnt or other- wise destroyed. Trench ploughing,is recommended by Mr Young, in the Annals of Agriculture. . He thinks that by one earthing, given deeply with the skim-coulter plougli, and after tliat hoeing the sur- face, the couch grass may be converted into man- ure. Rees' Cyclopedia says the best way is to sow or plant the land infested with couch, with such seeds or plants as reqnirp often hoeing. But we think the definite directions given above, by "G. H." should be imphcilly followed. There is, no doubt,an ad- vantage in ploughing the land late in the spring, because the grass being turned over after it has made some progress in vegetation will the sooner rot. If in the culture of the potatoes, the land should be stirred so deep as to bring the sod or turf to the air the couch \ijill spring again, and the labour of llie cultiTator be in a great measure lost. An implement has been invented in England, called tht Couch- Grass drag, which is a sort of harrow, iJade for the purpose of drawing out and extirpating- couch grass in tillage lands. A ma- chine of that kind is in possession of the Mass. Agr. Society, and may be seen, we believe, in their Repository of Agricultural Implements at Brighton. ' Couch gfcss IS known by many different names, among which are tivitch-grass,squitch-grass,quitch- grass, knot-grass, Sfc. far gone it had the desired effect. It is now irteen years since) nearly recovered. ^n acquaintance of mine who had a very extra- inary pear tree, of a foot in diameter, which . borne for many years in unusual abundance, )rmed me a short time since that his pear tree 3 dead. His account of it was very similar to se pointed out by your correspondents. lie l.gined that it might have been killed by some his neighbors by way of revenge, as he could 1 no cause for its death. One or two other pear as I have lately known died in the same way, I the cause was alike considered. These gentlemen were opposed to pruning their es. Endeavour to reason with them on the sub- t, and they tell you that the greening tree par- ■larly should never be pruned, as it is a tree of TO DESTROY COUCH GRASS. A week before election, [near the last of May,] plough the land that is subject to couch grass deep and plant it immediately with potatoes. When the potatoes are 4 or 5 inches above ground,plouo-h between the rows with a small one-horse plouiTli, taking care not to plough so deep as to disturb the sod. Also when the potato vines are about a foot long, plough again lightly. By this time the pota- toes will spread, so as to .prevent the grass from .-■ppearing above ground. When the crop is off", plough again light for winter. In spring the roots will begin to rot, and by ploughing again deep, the destruction of the Couch Grass will be completed. RoTbwy, August 1,1626. G. H. I TIIE SEASON—CROPS— CULTIVATION. Mr Febsenden— The crops of hay in this and the adjoining towns are small. Many will nr t get one tenth, and scarcely any one half, they did last year. I have lately seen a field, near Ossipie Cor- ner, the owner of which told me that last year he had a good crop ; but a part of the same this year he did hot think worth cutting, owing to drought and grasshoppers. My land being rather flat I shall get rather more than half what I did last year. With regard to Corn and Potatoes, the formet will be good, — the latter tolerable ; especially where plaster has been put into the hole, or on the top. My opinion is, that putting plaster into the hole does the most good. Where some hills have been plastered at the rate of a spoonful to a liill each, and some left along side, there is a great dif- ference in fcivour of that plastered. I am aware that it is the opinion of many that near the sea, plaster docs not do the good that lime does. But I think that in the country, particularly in this sec- tion, one or two spoonfuls in the hole, any season, will amply repay tlie owner who jilants either po- tatoes or corn. If corn is planted on low ground, or there is a wet or cold year, a gill of slacked lime added eve- ry time of hoeing, will have a good effect. Pota- toes and English grain require moist cool land, or plaster to cool and moisten it. In Great Britain ind from Flanders north, on the continent of Eu- -opc, potatoes are better than in France, and much more so than in Spain or Portugal, or any part of the shores of the Mediterranean. 10 NKW ENGLAND FAUMEU. Auarust 4, l8->u'. I I have i\ piece about ;i acres ot'lanu, on which 1 sowed, the loth of May, 8 bushels of oats, 30 lbs. «f clover, and 1 bushel of herd's grass and red top seed. It was well manured with a compost of bog and barn yard manure, ploughed in and the land then well harrowed. The oats and grass seed was soaked in water about 3 hours, taken out and rub- bed with as much plaster as would adhere to them. After harrowing in the seed the land was rolled twice. Then plaster was strewed on at the rate of three bushels per acre. After the oats had come up, which was in about a week from the sowing, there was as much plaster put on as at first. There was no rain of any 'consequence for a month after the seeds were sown. The grass seed has tfiken well, the oats have a dark green colour, and it is said by Judges, if they are cut in the milk they will make nearly 3 tons of fodder per acre. My eorn and potatoe land was ploughed, harrowed and rolled till the tilth was fine. Two thirds of the field was then laid in ridges, back-furrowed, and one third flat. The corn was put in diamond fash tlie interest of jigiiculturc and Uurtivuliurt ; aixlj tending to the total failure of tliose large trees I doubt not lie will excuse me if 1 dissent from his opinion there communicated, and express my con- viction that this is something more than the pres, cnce of the Scotytus Pyri. I have obtained twigs cut from the Apple Tree and English Walnut, bj this insect, as large as the finger, and as smooth as if out with the center bit. They soon wither and become seared ; and when shaken by a high wind, they break off and fall to the ground, carry- ing the insect with them, which is an end of the mischief* What is by some called the Fire Blast, (whicli I think has not been satisfactorily explain- ed) although in its first appearance it is somewhat similar to the effect produced by the Scolytus Pyri, is in its result far more important, as it is fatal to the tree attacked. I had in my garden the last year, two pear trees bearing the Julienne or Summer Beurre : one of them was Sti years old, and measuring 15 inches diameter at the ground, — the other about 15 years old and measuring 1> inches ; they were Wealthy, ion 4 feet by 3 apart thus ■ . • . ■ so as to give the I vigorous, and in full bearing. They were attacked sun and air a chance to come to it. The ground ! the beginning of July the last year, in the manner was manured the same as the oat land before men tioned. The field sloped about Oj} degrees from a level. There was put on at the first hoeing one half pint of slacked lime to a hill. A part of the field say half, had one spoonful of plaster, the other part one half pint of ishes to a hill. It has been very dry, and the corn looks well but I think that on the ridges looks as well as the other on the flat, which confirms my opinion that any land except that which is high and sandy, in this quarter of the country, should be )lr.nted on ridges. My corn has been hoed three times, and each time it had plaster, lime and ashes, the same as at the first hoeing. I am sorry that I did not plaster my corn in hills. Some of my neighbours, to whom I recommended plaster pat a spoonful in each hill. I am told that it looks much better than some which was plastered on t.'ie top of the hills. I consider a roller as necessary on a farm as a plough, for after ploughing, if the ground be well rolled, it makes a much finer tilth ; then as a fin- ishing stroke, it presses the ground round the seeds, and levels the stones even with the ground. My garden, oats and corn have not been injured by insects as many have, which I attribute chiefly to plastering freely. Should my corn and potatoes turn out as well as they promise, you shall again hear from me. My corn was soaked in copperas - water 36 hours. About one half a pound of cop- peras was used for a peck of seed. It was then taken out ; and as much plaster put on as would adhere to it. I think copperas and plaster are great checks to worms, &c. Your obedient servant, JOHN M. SALTER. Wakefield, (J\r. H.) July 92, 1836. as tliose described by Gov. Lincoln are, belonging to his friend. The disease first made its appear- ance at the extremity of the limbs, and retroteded to the trunk ; the fruit then as large as pullets' eggs, mostly dropped, what remained attaclied to the limbs, dried up as hard as the wood ; this spring I caused them to be cut down and found them perfectly sapless. There was one other tree of this species in the town, which shared the same fate, while the other pear trees of various kinds were not affected by the disease, except very par- tially, in one or two instances. I am not one of " those who are incredulous as to tills small insect being the cause uf tho ovil'' a few days." Having ventured to dissent from so high autho ity it may be expected that I offer some reason f '^ my opinion, some conjecture of the cause of tj disaster. I will with great diflidence submit the theorj formed to account for the disaster which befel r trees the last year, (and which I find strengthen by the occurrence at Worcester) as affording my mind more satisfactory reason than the recei ed opinion that it is occasioned by lightning, that it is the effect of any immediate external i fection of the atmosphere. It will be recollected that the spring of 16 was early, the weather in February uncommoi warm, so much so, as to put in circulation the s of the early fruit trees, and was followed by i vere cold in the last of March, which checked 1 rising sap and formed it into wood, the alburnu which when the spring approached in its pro] season, and set the sap in circulation in those tn (being earlier from their nature or from their si ation) it was obstructed and could not ascer that portion of sap which had already ascended, the branches was sufficient to cause the trees vegetate, to leaf out, and to blossom, but wh the heat of summer advanced there was not a s ficiency of sap to supply the demands of the ft aud the exhalation ; therefore the vegetation wi ered and died. The spring of the present yi was also thought remarkably forward, until 9th of April, when from that to the 12th we ex rienccd a second winter, I believe more sev than any preceding it, and which was at the ti apprehended, would have a deleterious effect u) the fruit trees, and has undoubtedly on the m tendei- J«i"J=, I».it to wlmi extent remains perh 'to be ascertained. If these suggestions have ; V observed upon by Mr Lowell ; but I am persuad cd it is not the cause of the malas few crops will ' found more profitable at one dollar. If I could ive procured a sutnciency of millet seed, my , which have not exhibited such a vncuumt'ur i voars, might have been made to ijroun with re- etion, and my stock to laugh at the unexampled •ong-ht of the season just past. Yours very truly, S. W. POaiEROV. N. B. Good millet seed should weigh 5() lbs. or ore per bushel. OJ^The specimen of Millet alluded to by Mr. oMF.BOY may be seen by calling at the New Eng- nd Farmer office. It measures seven feet in ight. — Editor. >m Memoirs of (he Philcidclpliia AgncuUural Society. N THE CULTIVATION OP THE PEACH. Riversdak, JVovember 23, 1809. From a desire to promote the cultivation of fine uit. and a belief that every publication of experi- euts that are attended with success, may at least ive the happy etfect of stimulating others in the j irsuit of so desirable an object and eventually Tfect it, I am induced to relate to you my mode 'cultivating peach trees, as well as tliat pursued »" others as far as they have come under my ob- jrvation, together with the effects. Seven years past whon I took pn-jspssion of Riv- 1 rsdale farm, I planted 30 peach trees in a grass I it which had not been ploughed for at least xenty years, and was very tough and bound. — , 'he first and second year they did not grow the : >ast, and appeared as if they would soon die ; my ! ardener wished to cut them down, as he thought ^ hem not worth removing, but I preferred trying j n experiment with them ; which was to throw j bout half a peck of well slacked lime (which had een exposed to the weather several montlis) j ound each : the following spring I was agreea- : ly surprised with their very thrifty appearance ; hey bore as many fine peaches as they could siip- >ort, and though the ground had not been dug, it vas perfectly loose four feet in circumference ound them : they grew very much that year, and lavc continued to produce rae a great crop every ,'ear since, which increases with their si'^e, and hey are now large trees. Since the first year, T have had the ground annually dug about four feet m circumference round them, and I do not find ihe worms have attacked thorn yet. From accident wo trees were neglected for two years after I imed the first; they scarcely bore a leaf; the ground was so hard as to be impenetrable to '.he roots. I have had lime thrown around them since, ind they have recovered and borne some due peaches, and will, I believe grow to a good si?e. — The success of this experiment having convinced uie that I could successfully raise peach trees on grass ground, I have been induced to plant out iip- J wards of eight hundred in a field that will be al- ternately in grain and grass, some of which bore very fine fruit last summer. Although the ground hag been in clover since the trees were planted, they have a very healthy appearance, and bid fair to be very durable, but that, time only can ascer- tain ; for uiy own part, I am perfectly satisfied if tiiey bring mo only four good crops, for the trees are then worth nearly as much for fire wood as I pay tor the young ones. I would recommend dig- ging round the trees once a year ; it mixes the lime with the earth, much to the iniproveaient of j the soil ; fresh slack lime will not answer, as I have known a young orchard entirely destroyed by it, which has caused an opinion to prevail that I lime in any way is prejudicial, anil I was cautioned ' by old farmers from using it; hut in the way li used it, after it had been deprived of its excessive ' heat by a long exposure to the weatlicr, I am very i certain of its producing the most beneficial efiects ! on all kinds of trees. I have applied it to upwards of fifteen hundred apple and pear trees, besides the poaches, all of which evince its good effects : 1 ti load of forty bushels after being exposed to the I weather from October till June, served for about i eighteen hundred trees. I I have now given the result of my experiments, ■ and will relate to J ou what has come under my I observation. An ingenious farmer, Mr Ashton, in my neighborhood, a few years past, planted three j hundred peach trees on about three acres of ground; ' I saw them last summer, they were vcrj thriving, | and he lately informed me he had gathered about | five hundred bushels of good fruit, and sold them readily on the ground at a dollar and fifty cents \ per bushel. He adopted no other mode to bring them to perfection than ploughing ; he informed [ me that he had raised a crop of Indian corn on the 1 ground every year since he planted the trees and j that without manuring ; but the ground was in \ good order when he planted the trees which he raised from the stono, even without being inocula- ted; he obtained more money from those three acres than his whole farm would have rented for, aud , that too without losing one year's crop from the ground, the faithful cultivation of which in pro- curing other crops, insured him success in his crop of fruit. Thus you see the peach, when con- stantly cultivated, will succeed without lime or any manure ; though in grass grounds I am confident ■ they would not. j With respect to plums and nectarines, I have tried various experiments without success, and though I have about fifty trees which are healthy, blossom well and bring their fruit to a considera- ble size, yet they all drop before they come to per- fectioir: and I have never got one nectarine excep- ing from a young tree planted in the fall, which yielded me fourteen fine nectarines the ensuing summer; since when I have not had another, and I find the older my trees are, the more they are in- fested with insects, from which I conclude that were they attacked on their first appearance, by destroying the eggs in the fallen fruit, or other- wise it might prevent their increase, and eventual- ly destroy them. For several years my family have been supplied with the finest plums by a neighbour, who is the only person I know of who has had uniform success with them : last year while his trees were in full bearing, I carefully examined them, particularly as respected their culture and local situation, and I found that no uncommon pains had been taken with them ; on the contrary, they appeared neglected, as was evident from the numerous dead and broken limbs that hung about them, and that the very great success he had. could only be attributed to their situation, which was at the place where his hogs laid and were fed ; he told me that the hogs never lot a plum that had fallen, remain many minuteB undevoured, and thereby destroyed the insects that hung about, and the eggs that were deposited in them, tljough of late there had appeared hut few insects about the trees. How easy would it be to inclose a piece of ground for the purpose of feeding hogs in, which if planted with the best plum tree.s, might be made to yield more profit than twenty times the same ground would in grain or grass, when it is considered the enormous price that fruit commands, no doubt owing to the difficulty of raising, which I am confident might be surmounted by the above mode. I should now apologize for trespassing on your patience, wore I not certain that your real zeal in similar pursuits, would render it unnecessary, and I remain Yours biucerely. W.M. PHILLIPS.* Dr. James Me ask. TO RIPEN FRUIT. To lovers of gardening it may not be unac- ceptable to know, that painting the walls black greatly forwards the ripening of fruit. Experience has proved, that a vine of an uncommon size, which, even in the hottest years, would not pro duce any ripe fruit, has now, for several years, regularly yielded the finest grapes ; all other fruit, the trees of which are planted against that black \rall, ripen much sooner than those in the neighbourhood. As a (specimen of the losses incurred of late in commeAial transactions, we may mention the in- stance, Veil known on Change, of a vessel recent- ly arrived in the river from Bengal. She was a- bout to sail from Calcutta for Cliina, \\ itii a cargo of 7,000 bags of cotton, but intelligence arriving of the high price that article had attained here,the course of the vessel was changed for England. — She reached the Thames under prices so different of the same article, that the owners sustain a loss of near £40,000, on a single cargo ! [Lon.Globe] * The success of the fruit on trees in the plan- tations frequented by hogs is evidently owing to the destruction by them, of the curculiones. Mr. Phillips' farm is near the Delaware. Peaches gen- erally thrive best near rivers ; and especially those of brackish water. Digging round all trees is highly beneficial. The lime promotes healthy vegetation, but when the worm curculiones, get possession, they are not affected by lime. These latter are the masters-foes to all fruit. The fallen fruit is their nursery, and whatever destroys that, is their enemy. Cherries and other common fruita are in such plenty, that the banishment or extirpa- tion of the curculio, is an event more anxiously to be wished, than expected. They avoid moist at- mosphere and salt air, on the borders of rivers or the sea. In cities and towns they do not delight. This is a bold and laudable experiment made by Mr P. on this short lived tree. The result we shall be anxious to know. We have unwilling doubts as to duration. Subscribers to the JVew England Farmer are in- formed that they can have their volumes neatly half bound and lettered at 75 cents, which in as cheap as they can be done in this city — by scndiyig them to I this ojffice. 12 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Aufifiist 5, ISSb". i4 miles. The wiiole expense was 9 cents the bushel. It is procured by sinking shafts from 50 to -iOO feet. One of the proprietors realized the last year, a profit of $40,000 from his coal pits Some of the old pits have been on fire many SILLIM.4.iN's JOURNAL OF SCIE.VCE AND ARTS. The June number of this valuable work has just appeared. The first article is a notice of the vol- canic character of the island of Hawaii in a letter from Mr Goodrich, one of the American Missiona- some or tne old pits have been on fire many ries, and various abstracts from the "Journal of a years ; hot air and smoke issue incessantly from Tour around Hawaii." " the shafts. The second article is a description of the erup- | The fifth article is "On Fuel," and was commu- tion of Long Lake and Mud Lake, in Vermont, in ; nicated by Dr. Elisha North of New London. Dr. 1810, by Rev. S. Edwards Dwig-ht, who in 1833 \ N. is of opinion that peat is the host fuel which the viewed the desolations efl^ected by the rush of the (earth produces, and that it might be made cheap- waters. TiOno- T.nkp_ hpfnro it n/ne /Ivq^TiQrl M-oc .» n^ ;« ^«.-.,„ ^r i.-i_ ,i .. i , ,; waters. Long Lake, before it was drained, was a mile, and a half in length, three-fourtlis of a mile in width, and 150 feet deep ; Mud Lake, a smaller one, was 200 rods distant, and aOO feet lower, and its outlet was the source of Barton River, a tribu- tary of Lake Memphremagog. On the 6th of June, 1810, about 100 men turned out with spades and pick-axes, with a view to let out a part of the water of Long Lake into Mud Lake and thus furnish a er in some of our markets than wood or coal. He says peat grows or increases in bulk rapidly, and thinks a cavity seven feet in depth made by cut- ting peat for fuel would fill up under favourable circumstances in less than 30 years. Some years ago 10,000 men were employed in preparing and transporting peat from one peat marsh near the Loire, in Prance. The title of the seventh article is "Proofs that „ — .„...„ ..^ — ^c»„>, .^..^ ,,„,,;, ,uii.i=>i. a iue HUB oi inc sevenin article is "froots that hetter supply of water for the Mills on Barton general and powerful currents have swept and River. They dug a small trench, the water enter- worn the surface of the earth." There are many ed It and soon wore down a deep gulf, and in a few j indications that a powerful current has passed over minutes the entire mass m the Lake rushed out the continent of America from north to south, and with inconceiveable force and violence, cutting a i over Asia from south to north, and tlie author of channel through the bank 150 feet deep and 80 this article accounts for these appearances by sup- rods wide. The torrent made its way down to , posing that a change has at some period taken Barton bearing before it trees, earth, rocks, mills, place in tli« velocity of the earth's motion on her &c and sweeping away the waters of Mud Lake j axis. The surface of the earth at the equator re- to the depth of ^h-rty feet Through the distance volves at the rate of more than 1000 miles per hour, of several miles it hollowed out a path from 20 to j or 1500 feet per second, which is about equal to 40 rods m width, and from 20 to 60 feet in depth, the velocity of a cannon ball. We have no idea and continued its course with many marks of vio- 1 of circular motion like this. A wheel of ,vi-ou. This is done by manuring abundantly, am not using fallows : the farmers direct their prinei pal attention to making manure, and it is calculat ed that 3000 loads of 12 or 1300 pounds each, an made on farms of 60 or 70 acres. What wil American farmers say to this ? Rye is an im portant object of culture in the Campine ; thej cultivate also buck-wheat, turnips, carrots, pota toes, rapeseed, beans, a species of grass call- ed spurry, flax, hemp, some wheat &c. The greater part of the ploughed and grass lands are manured every year; the proportion for rye is about 40 loads of 10 or 11 cwt. each, to an acre. The stables of the Brabanters are very laro-e, a part of the space being employed for the prepara- tion of manure. The stables have two great doqrs, and the teams for carrying off" the manure, can go in and out without difficulty. The com- po^s are made in a trench in the stable. The bottom is sand ; this is covered with a layer of tu^ and herbage from the heaths ; then the orAire of the cows, turf, and all kinds of filth are collected and thrown in, and special care beino- taljen that all the urine should enter into the coippost. The rye straw is eaten by the cattle, and tlie farmers collect materials for litter from the! heaths. The editor of the Bulletin remarks th^ the Brabant method of making dunghills or coijiposts in the stable is a bad one ; he says this operation should be carried on under sheds. Wtod is not plenty in Brabant, but turf or peat is abundant, and is the principal fuel. Butter is one of the most important products of the country ; the milk is prepared with great care and neatness, and in making butter the whole milk is churned ; Vol. v.— i\o. -2. NEW ENGLArVD FARMER. the vessel used is similar to one of our claims. This butter keeps well and is sought after for exportation. The cows and other horned cattle are kept in the stables almost all the year, where they arc fed with carrots, turnips potatoes, buck- wheat, rye. oats, hay, straw, &c. When tliey are taken to tlie pastures, they are fastened to stakes by cords, and after the grass within their reach is consumed, the stakes are removed. The sheep are kept on the heaths in the summer. Tlie Encyclopedia remarks that "the agricul- ture whicli IS common to tlie country is in as high perfection in Brabant as in England, and the best parts of England are even sometimes surpassed." [Ibid.] I PRODUCTIONS OF LOUISIANA. | The cotton is an annual plant with leaves not ! unlike those of the hollyhock. It branches con- 1 siderably, grows on the rich lauds, as high as a man's head and bears a beautiful yellowish-white flower. The rows are made perfectly straight, and six feet apart, and kept entirely clean of weeds. In September the balls begin to open, picking ; commences, and is continued, until the stocks are \ ready to be pulled up,burued off,and the ploughing i to commence anew. Sugar-cane, the next im- • portant article of culture in this state, is e.xtending , in cultivation every year. Sufficient sugar might : be made here for the consumption of the United ; States. The only impediment to extending this species of cultivation is the groat capital that it' requires to commence the business profitably. — A sugar establishment is necessarily a very ex- I pensive one. The sugar-houses on the coasts re- j semble our large cotton factory buildings at the north. The process of manufacturing the sugar, ; though expensive, is simple. The cane is planted the latter part of the autumn in slips, aud ^•.rheu in full growth is not unlike a field of maize in ap- pearance. The stalk is about the size of that of southern corn, and the juice, though deemed a luxury here, has to me rather an unpleasant sweet- ness. Rice and indigo were formerly cultivated here to a greater extent than at present. Corn, sweet potatoes, melons, and all northern fruits, with the exception of apples, flourish here. Figs are raised here in great abundance and perfection. The figtree grows luxuriantly, and is raised with ease. Oranges, when I desended the Mississippi for the first time, were lying under the trees as abundantly as the apples fall in the north country. Nothing can have a grander, and more rich ap- pearance, than these delicious orange groves, either when their blossoms yield their ambrosial perfume, or when their golden fruit, shows itself from the beautiful evergreen foliage. Louisiana undoubtedly exports more value according to the e.xtent of land cultivated, than any other country. The cotton plantations yield from ten to fifty thous- and dollars a year, and many sugar planters, proba- bly, derive twice that sum from their annual ciop. [Flint's Travels.] MERIDIAN OF LONGITUDE. It has been strongly urged by M. de la Place, that all the nations of Europe, instead of referrmg their calculations of longitude to the meridian of their principal observatory, should have some com- mon meridian ; which would introduce into the geography of the world the same uniformity that exists in its almanacs and in its arithmetic. M. de la Place recommends the Peak of Teneriffe, or Mont Blanc, as a suitable meridian. From the Jlmtrican Farmer. ON THE CULTIVATION OF TURNIPS. .'\fter fifteen year's experience,! recoininend the following practice, which, if carefully followed, may be made a certain, and not an uncertain crop — as is mostly asserted. The laud suited to this crop ought not to be rich hut of a medium fertility, and pulverized by re- peated ploughings and harrowings, until very fine; as near the consistency of pulverized virgin soil of new land as possible, and the turnip crop will very suitably succeed all early spring crops, such as potatoes, peas, radishes, beans, and clover after I the first mowing, and will do without manure, pro- j vided the fonr first enumerated have been manur- ed in the spring. M.tNURE. ' A small dressing of manure is necessary, say ten ox cart loads to the acre, of ashes or old cold nianure,such as yard shovellings, &c. unfermented manures will spoil the crop by making it run to top, rendering the root hot and spikey. SEED AND ITS PREPARATION. This is one of the most important parts to be at- tended to ; without good true seed, all the other labour is lost. I am frequently offered seed by the bushel, which is acknowledged to be saved from the refuse turnips, which, if one is suffered to go to seed among twenty good ones, will spoil the whole. With such seed it would be as impossible to raise good turnips, as it would be from radish seed. In order to hasten vegetation, and by that means escape the ravages of the fly, it is best to soak the seed in rain water twenty-four hours : but if wanted sooner n fpw minutes in warm water will do. It is strongly recommended to soak the seed in lamp oil, which is said to impart a disagree- able flavour to the seed plant, which saves it from the fly. After soaking the seed, it ought to be rolled in plaster, or ashes, to dry them ; and for sowing broad cast, I mix three half pints of seed with a busliel of the mixture to the acre,; but those who have Bennett's drill may sow the naked seed in rows about twelve inches apart, by closing every other slide, which will save much time in hoeing. TIME OF SOWING. In the neighbourhood of Baltimore, if the turnip seed can be got up quick, it will do to sow as late as the 25th of August, for table use; and for stock, it would be well to sow from the 9.5t]i of July to the 10th of August. Two weeks later will do on the tide water and in old Virginia; the ground be- ing well prepared, the manure spread when neces- sary, once ploughing, and then immediately give the ploughed ground one stroke with the harrow ; then sow the seed while the ground is damp, and give it one stroke with the harrow, and the plants will soon appear. After they are up, should the fly be destructive, roll them with a roller. As it is apt to be dry at this season of tlie year, it is best to sow a little before or soon after a rain, to get the the plants up ; otherwise the seed often perishes ; but sowing on fresh ploughed ground is a great advantage. HOEING, &c. After the plants are up and the largest leaf has grown as large as a cent, run the harrow through them, which breaks the crust, buries the young weeds, and moulds the plants ; and from the three 13 j half pints of scod, if the fly lius not been destruc- tive, there will be plenty of plants to admit of the I liarrow being run each way, which puts the ground ^ in fine order among the plants : then commence j with the all-important work of hoeing, without j which all the other work will be nearly lost. Each I liand must take about five feet wide and use the j hoc actively, and single out the plants as near I twelve inches apart as. can be done by the eye. This is a tedious operation; but four or five hands, I sticking close to it, will soon learn to do the work ; quick, and get over a large piece of ground in a day ; and after it is done, there will be one single plant to eacli foot of ground, instead of a dozen to the foot in some places, and only one to the yard ' in others,as is the case when the seed is sown'thin, and left without hoeing or thinning ; in conse- quence, in one case they will bo too thick to grow, and in the other will not grow for want of culture. The white flat or white Norfolk is the best kind for early use. and the ruta baga, and yellow bul- lock, for late use. Either of these ought to be sowed earlier than the above — tlie first a month, and the latter one or two weeks. The white stone and tankard turnip, are good kinds, particularly the latter, as it grows to a great size and is sweet. ROBERT SINCLAIR. BLACKSTONE CANAL. The excavation of the canal in this town advan- ces more rapidly than we had expected. A con- siderable distance is already finished, and it is ex- pected that the first mile, now under contract, will oe co^npleted next month. It is intended to re- sume the location downward from this town this week, and to put it immediately under contract, so that wB have full confidence in seeing the work completed ready for the passage of boats next season. The influence of the Canal, even in prospect, upon businesis, is e.xtensively felt and acknowledg- ed. Preparations are making to carry on branch- es of manufactures, which could not be done to profit without the facilities of water transportation. When the canal shall have gone into actual oper- ation, its eficct, combined with the advantages we already possess for manufacturing, will give in- creased value to, and call into use, the immense water power yet unoccupied in this vicinity, thus adding to our population by giving profitable occu- pation to thousands, extending and invigorating trade, and securing to the agriculturist a ready market and a good price for all the surplus product of his lands. Tfce time is now past wlien any dread is felt at the extension of the manufacturing business ; but, if there are any yet in doubt of its efiects, let them view the improvements of the flourishing towns of Fitchburgh, Southbridge, Dudley, Leicester, Oxford and Millbury, and they may be satisfied. [Wor. Spy.] TO MAKE VINEGAR. To every ten gallons of rain water add one gal- lon of molasses, and one of brandy, mix them well together, and place the cask in a garret or some warm dry place, and occasionally shaking it, in a few months it will be fit for use. [Am. Fanner.] A Marble Establishment in New York, with the use of Steam Engines, performs the operation of cutting, levelling, polishing and moulding marble, with so much facility, that mantel-pieces, which two years ago would have cost $700 are now made for $250. J 14 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Aiisust4, Ifi'ifi. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1826. DESTROY THE BORER IN APPLE TREES. A tVienil of the Editor, who is a cultivator of Fruit Trees, assures us that now is the very nick of time for destroying the Apple Tree Borer. The insect is now small, anl has just begun his work of mischief. His habitation may be discovered by a reddish coloured liquid or gum, oozing from the wounds he inflicts in the bark of fruit trees, or if he has already penetrated into the wood, the pro- duct of his borings, resembling saw dust, will de- tect his haunt;. Our informant says he may, at this season of the year, be extirpated with no oth- er weapon than the point of a pen-knife. It is not ■necessary to expatiate on the advantages, which will result from attacking this minute but for- midable enemy to our orchards, in the commence- ment of his destructive labours. '• An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." BEANS. It is said that beans should not be hoed when the dew is upon them, or in rainy we^ither. See Ma^s. Agr. Repos. vol. ii. page 27. CHARLOCK Or wild turnip is a very pernicious weel. Its seeds will lie dorujant 20 years or longer, and when stirred with the plough will vegetate l-j.xuri- antly. This weed will be so thinned on ground planted three or four years successively, anJ well hoed, that the remainder may easily be pulled up by band after the land is laid down to grasf. MANURE IN PASTURES. A writer in Hunter's Georgical Ess.-iys, an Eng- lish work on Agriculture, makes the following re- marks. " Every fortnight, I send my boy with a shovel and wheel-barrow to take up the dung which is put on a heap and covered with earth or ashes, as I think that notliing encourages and promotes the rank and strong tufts of grass, which take up a great part of most grass land, and which the cattle will not touch more than the too common practice of suffering the dung to remain on tlie ground. — By a strict adherence to the above method of tak- ing up the dung my pasture became an entire lev- el of grass. In a few weeks the grass is grown on the places where the dung was laid, and not a vestige of the dung is to be seen-. But in those pastures where the above is not practised, I usu- ally find a great part of them incommoded with numerous tufts of rank grass, and a great quanti- ty of dung, especially late in autumn, when the pastures begin to fail ; and this in fact is to di- minish or take nearly an eighth of such pastures, not to mention the very great difference of the dung both in quantity and quality." In Great Britain, land is dear and labour cheap, and the course above recommended is undoubted- ly advisable. But whether it is worth the while for our farmers to take so much pains to preserve the manure of their pastures, they must determine. In p-istures which are rich and well stocked with neat cattle it would, probably be expedient. The manure might be gathered by a cart or a wheel- barrow, thrown into heaps in the pasture,or drawn to the farm yard, as circumstances might direct, and covered with earth. There can be no doubt that in all cases, where cows or otiier stock ^to coufined every night in yards, that it is good hus- bandry to throw their drippings into heaps, every morning, at least every two or three days, to cov- er them with common earth ashes, marsh mud, or something else, which will prevent their substance from being drycd up, or washed away by rain. GRASSHOPPERS. We doubt whether any better remedy can be found against these insects than subjecting them to the operations of turkies and other poultry. It is true that turkies, hens and chickens ar.? trouble- some tenants on a farm, and whether they will not do inoi'e mischief to the crops, than they will do good by putting grasshoppers in tlieir crops, is a thing to be thought of. Moreover, it is said that poultry fed on grasshoppers is not very good eat- ing during the season in wliich the insects furnif h their principal food. But if the fowls are kept up- on corn or other farinaceous or vegetable food, a fortnight or three weeks after the grasshoppers have disappeared, it is probable they will be ;is palatable to an epicure as if they had been fed al- together on substances last mentioned. GAPES OR PIP IN POULTRY. It is said, and we believe truly, that a little soap and probably strong soap suds mixed with Indian meal or other food for chickens will cure a dis- tressing and often fatal disorder called Gapes or Pip. CLARIFYING CIDER, iSif. Mr Joseph Cooper, of New Jersey published an article in the True American, relative to fining cider, by which it appears that the jelly made from bullock's feet will answer the purpose. It should be wanned and mixed with a little of the cider intended to be fined, then strained, and when cold put into the vessel which contains the rest, and stir it till thoroughly incorporated. In bottling cider, it is recommended to raise the proof by put- ting about two tea-spoonfuls of French brandy in- to each bottle. A SOURCE OF DISEASE. The effluvia of rotten substances are supposed to breed diseases. The farmer, therefore, should be cautious that he do not breathe in the steams of his old dung-hills more than is necessary ,espcc- ially when they have a disagreeable stench. And the greatest care should be taken to remove or cover up all the filth of the house, and of tlie hog- pen,which no doubt occasions some of those autum- nal epidemic diseases, not unfrequently as fatal in country villages in proportion to numbers as in the thicker settled towns on the coast. Scattering quick lime over any substance which emits un- wholesome effluvia will correct the evil. POSTS IN FENCE. In the "Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultu- ral Society," vol. iii. page 120 of the Appendix is a paper signed John R. Evans, which states, in sub- stance, tliat posts in fence will last much the long- I er for setting them with the tops down. In a note on this article the Hon. Richard Peters says, I have experienced the truth of the fact above stated. I do not pretend accurately and satisfac- torily to account for it. I conjectured, that by re- versing the vessels in which the sap had been ac- customed to circulate, whilst the tree was in life, thejnoisturo drawn up by the sun, in vessels even of dead timber, was impeded by the reversed po- sition. Had the posts been, as they generally are, pla«ed wllli their butt ends downward, the vessels desigiied for circulation of sap, might be filled with moisture from the air or earth. However fanciful this conjecture may appear, the fact mentioned by Mr Evans, is important, and proved in many in- stances. R. PETERS. HOW TO KEEP CHURCHES AND DWELLING-HOUSES COOL. During the e.xtreme heat of summer, our houses of public worship, as well as our dwelling-houses, may be kept perfectly cool and comfortable, by a little attention: — Let the windows and doors be opened before sunrise, and shut by seven o'clock. The blinds and shutters, if there be any, should likewise be shut, to prevent the glass from being heated and conveying the heat witiiin. If the doors be kept closed till the hoat of the day, when the room is required for use, air will be found of the same temperature that it was in the morning, when the room was first shut up. This fact depends on the same principle as the evenness of the tempera- ture of our cellars, which are cool in summer and warm in winter, solely because the external air is^ excluded from them. FOREIGN NEWS. The late London papers contain nothing of much interest. Subscriptions continue to be made in dif- ferent parts of Europe for the Greeks, and theatri- cal exhibitions are proffered and well patronized for tlieir benefit. Terms of honourable capitulation were offered the Greeks previous to the storming of Missolong- hi, but were rejected. Nolo Bozzaris, an eminent Greek, 76 years of age, having advised against capitulation with the Turks, with some hundred others who followed his example, remained in Missolonghi after the sally of ilie gairlson, to blow up the mines. The bishop pronounced his blessing on the undertaking, and the result cost the lives of many Turks. Some difficulty exists between Holland on one part, and Austria and Prussia on the other respect- ing the free navigation of the Rhine, which was stipulated for in certain treaties in 161.5. Respect- ing this subject, the London Courier observes "it is singular that at the present moment, when libe- ral ideas seem to be gaining the ascendancy in most parts of Europe, that Holland should appear to make itself an exception." Complaints have appeared in European papers,, and have likewise been received by other channels lliatisome of the Greek cruisers have been guilty of acts of piracy. tl MEMORY OF ADAMS AND JEFFERSON. The 2d inst. was, in this city, devoted to testi- monials and demonstrations of respect to the mem- oriep, and gratitude for the services of John Ad- am^ and Thomas Jefferson. Early in the fore pari of the day a procession was formed under the direction of the Young Men of Boston, and an Eu- logy delivered by S. L. Knapp, Esq. At a later hoif a procession was formed under the auspices of tjie city authorities, and an Eulogy pronounced by the Hon. Mr Webster. These performances wete such as the occasion demanded, and even transcended the high expectations which the rep- utation of the orators had excited. It is not our province and would e.xceed our limits to give in detail the solemnities with which the day was con- secrated. Vol. V._No. •'. NEW ENGLAND I AUi\li:U. 1^ TO PAIKV WOMKN. inado to liloiid in pleasant concord, tlic temple of To prevent that rancid, n;u\seous flavour, which religion and the miniature academy, vvlioro moral is too often prevalent in cheeses, even when made truth and literary knowledge are freely imparled, of the richest milk, and which otherwise would be rise in or near the vicinity. The busy industry delicious, salt the milk as soon as it is taken from and good intelligence of the inhabitants otTor pledg- the cows. I mean the evening's milk, whicli is es of the political moral health and vigour of the kept in pans, during the night, in order to be mix- establishments. The quiet, order, and regularity ed with the new morning's milk. The quantity of which prevail, are so many pledges that the char- salt, used on this occasion, is about a table spoon- acter of the citizen will remain equally sound, ful to each gallon of milk, and is generally sprink- ' whether his hand bo placed upon the sliuttle or led on the bottom of the pan, and the milk poured the plough. [Nat. ^Egis.] upon the salt, and they soon become incorporated. This early salting has enabled many dairy-women whose cheese was before always hoven and de- testably rank, now to produce excellent well flavoured cheese, and on farms that had been pronounced totally unfit for the dairy system. To this small portion of salt, various good effects are attributed by those who use it ; they say, it pre- vents the milk from souring, in the hottest nights ; that it enconrages coagulation, and very much promotes the separation of the curd fnm the whey, which is a great saving. All dairy-women ought also to know that it is a false idea, and a loss instead of a gain to the proprietor, to rob cheese of a single particle of butter ; and for these two reasons, because a pint of cream will produce more than treble the quantity of curd, that a pint of skimmed milk will give ; and be- cause a cheese, with all the butter left in it, will lose very little of its weight by keeping, whereas that, from which the butter has been avariciously taken, will lose one third of its original weight in twelve months. — •igr. Repository. 1S09. MEXICO. A disappointed American, writes from Vera Cruz that the country is overstocked with goo'ls and drained of money ; that the ruinous specula- tions in mines by English capitalists have produ- ced great delusion ; and that Mexico is in fact the poorest, for its extent and population, of any civil- ized country on earth. Domestic cottons were the only articles from the U. States that paid a profit ; the market was glutted with paper, there being at least 500,000 reams on hand. A cotton gin was lately introduced into Me.\ico from the United Slates, but such was the force of prejudice that the manufacturers set their faces against it, and refused to spin cotton that was cleansed by machinery ! The Mexicans transport their cotton, seed and all together, 200 miles on the back of mules, to the manufacturing districts, where the seed is all taken out by hand. MANUFACTURES. Travellers who have visited the towns cf the Eastern Continent, where the inhabitants have been principally engaged in the business of manu- facturing, have given deplorable pictures of the moral and intellectual condition of the population, deprived of the advantages of education, and degraded by a servile dependence upon the will of an employer, and many politicians have looked on these establishments growing up among us with the rapidity of a mushroom but the strength and i _ » KOM THE KSsEX KEGISTER. Signers of the Declaration o r Independence. Place of bin h. Ji;e 111 1776. Time ofitnlh. Age. Delaware, Jnlin Muiliin 41, April 1777, 43 Knt^lntitl, Itulton Gwiniietll 42, May 27, 1777, 44 New York. *Pliilip Livingston 60, June 12, 1773, 62 New Jersey ».t.ihn Hart B6, 1779, 70 j S. Carolina, tTlinmas Lincli 27, close of 1779, 30 'Joseph Hewes, Nov. 10, 1779, — New Jprsey, Kichant Stockton 45, 1781, 50 Dftlftware, l-a»snr Rudiiey 47, June 26, 1784, 55 R. Island, Stephen Hopkins 69. Jalv 13, 1785, 73 Mnssachuset s.Wllliaio Whipple 45, Nov. 28, 17«5 45 Mfiryland, Thomas Stone 32, 1787, 43 S. Carolina, Arthnr Middleloo 37, Jan, 1, 1788, 49 Vlrgi,.i». John Penn 34, Sept 1788, 46 IMassachuset s.Denjamin Franklin 70 April 17, 1790, 84 S. Cmiilina, Lvman Hall 46. 1790, 60 Massacliuset sWilllam Hooj.er 31, 1790, 48 Ppiiiisvlvanin , Krancis Hopkinson 37, May 9,1791, 62 ^UssachiiseU s,Roi;er Sherman 55, Julv28, 1793, 72 Ma>«sachusett 6,Jobn Hancock^ 39. Oct. 8. 1793, 56 VirffiiiiR, Ilichard Henrv Lee 44 June 22. 1794, 62 New JeisPV, Abraham Clark 50, AuluulM 1794, 63 Scollaml. John Witlierspoc.n 54, Nov. 15, 1791. 72 51n'i>.ichMsetl s Josiah Bartlelt^ 46. May 19 1795, 65 roniierticut. Samuel Huntington 43 Jan. S, 1706. 63 Cnnneclii-ul, Oliver Wolcolt 51, Dec. 1, 1796, 71 Virginia. Fr. Liglilfoot Lee 40, April 1797. 63 Virciiiia, Carter I!raslon40, Oct, 10, 1797, 61 Scotland, James Wilson 33, Aug. 23, 1798, 65 Maryiani), Ge.irge Rend 42, Autumn 1791, 64 William Paea, 1799. S. Carolina, Edward Biilledge26, Jan, 23, 1800, 60 It-elanil. Mallhew Thornton 61, June 24, 1303, 88 VSr.lPs, Francis Lewis 62. Dec IS 1803, 89 Massaclmsett Samuel \danis 54, Ocl . 2, 1 803, 81 Viioinia, George Walton 36, Feb. 2, 1804. 64 Ensl.ind. R..l.er( Morris 42, Mav 8. 1806. 72 Virginia. Georire Wvthe 50 •» June 8, ISOe. 80 S. Cai'olina, Tliomas rievward "JO, March 1 S09. 63 IWaryla ul, Samuel Chase June 17, IHll, Crmneciicul, WiHlao: Willia.ns45, Aug. 2. 1811, 80 rpn;isvlvania Georpe CIviner 36. .Tan 23. 1813 73 Pennsvlvani . I'ei'.iamin Rush 30, April 19, 1813, 67 M:»ssnr'i"isetl s,R .hert Treat Paine 46, Mav 11. 1814. 84 Mas-Jactiii^cU s ElbridgeGerrv SI, Nov, 23, 1814, 69 Ppni.«vlianirt ■ Thomas M'Kean42, June 24. 1817, 83 Rhorl.- Wand , William Ellerv 63, Feb. 15. 1829. 92 New Ynrli, William Floyd 42, Aug. 1.1821, 87 Vireinia. Thomas Jererson 33, Jubilee, tare. 83 Massacliiisett S.John Adams 40 do. 90 MarvlaniU Chailes "arroll 3S, The Survivor, 89 Viifinla. nenjnmin Harrison, Virginia, Thomas Nelson, jr. Pennsylvania James Smith, Pennsvltania , George Taylor, Penn.ylvania , George Ross, Henry Wis r.tt II KxDtd in a due!. * Died u'At/st attendivg Cov^yesa. . \Tooi: passage for hishenfthtnSt Etistatia^andwnsnen- er heard from — was spofcen the day before a tremendous hur.. XThe first xoho answered Yea, when the question zoos ta. hen on tndependenre. and the first vjho signed the Deciara- tion after the President. ^ President. " Poisoned tt Voted for Independence, lut was not present whejl the Declaration was signed. PORCELAIN. A manufactory of Porcelain, on an extensive scale, is now in operation at Jersey City. The materials both for the body of the article, and for glazing are said to be found in the United States in great abundance, and equal to the best French materials. Skilful and experienced workmen have stability of the oak, with great alarm. A visit to j been obtained from Prance, and with the import- the districts where so much capital has been em- ant advantages possessed by the United States ployed in giving motion to the shuttle, would con- 'over England in finding the materi.ils at home, vince those prophets of evil how groundless are ! while the latter is obliged to obtain them from their fears, that our institutions may be impaired, (abroad, it is thought there will be no obstacle to or our purity contaminated. In most of the villa- | the success of such an establishment that may not ges rising round these spots where the noi.~e of j be surmounted by attention and perseverance, the loom and the murmur of the waterfall are I [Connecticut Couranf.i " The merciful mun is merciful to his bon.'^t." The projirietor of a two horse coach in Alexan- dria, D. C. in his advertisement for patronage to his carriage, has thought it worth while to give notice that he has provided a net to keep the flies from his horses—" because," says he " it must af- ford gratification to the humane traveller, that the noble animals which conduct him suffer not torture from flies ;" the man who can entertain such kind feelings for his horses, and such a good opinion of the feelings of his customers, ought never to be without passengers. — U. S. Gazette. Agricultural JVotice. THE Trustees of the Worcester Agricultu- ral SociETV are reminded, that a meeting of the Board stands adjourned to Thursday, the lOtli day of August next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. at the Probate Office in Worcester, when the report of a Committee for the selection of Judges of Stock, &c. will be acted upon — Marshals chosen — and various other business relative to the approachin g Cattle Show, transacted. 05^A general and punctual attendance is re- quested. Ry order of the President, Wm. D. WHEELER, Rec. Sec'ry. Worcester, July 39, 1836. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. .4PPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEr, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new CHEESE, new milk, - - - . skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - ... Oats - - ... HOGS' LARD, Ist sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, . - . - . OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - - . . . WOOL, .Merino, funbIood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Fulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do .Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - - - - PO!i gravel. Yet we have in every town, tracts of lai sufficiently moist, on which excellent potatoes ca in all seasons, be raised, as soon as the consume; ip Boston will demand, by paying a difference • price, and by rejecting potatoes of bad quality, more palatable and wholesome production. Bi the causes above stated are by no means, the oiil or the most important ones of the inferiority oft! potatoes offered for sale in the Boston market.- Thc market gardener seeks of course only his ow Vol. V— No. It. __^_ teresi ; wlicn a hew niul cxccllrnt viiiicty is of- red to liiiii, liis first inquiry i^.is it-pniduclive ? } him, its qualiti/ as food is of no moment, so long the consumers will be conUnttd with unripe, j itery, wa.\y potatoes, which the cow, or the pig, ith their natural sagacity will reject, so long you ' ■II alwavs have your market filled with those j jre productive ; but loss wholesome and palata- j 3 products. The potatoc has many, and even more varieties ! an the pea, and.tliey ripen at all seasons, from ' e first of July, to the last of October. The Bos-j 1 m::rkct is generally, I may almost say, univer- , lly supplied in summer with green, unripe pota- : ;s, w hich would not be touched in tlie markets I F.ngland. [ have been in the constant practice of cultiva- [ ig at least nine varieties of potutoev I have them le, perfectly ripe, proved to be so by tlie decay the vines and by their mealy qualities on the ta- j :, from the last of June to tlie last of October. rely the market gardeners ought to take as I ich pains to please their customers as I do for own comfort. | The earliest sorts ripen at the end of June, and •y are mealy and palatable ; but so little pro- , nive that the market gardeners could not afford raise them. But there are two excellent varieties ich ripen early — One is a white potatoe checq- ■ed, or spotted with red, introduced into New- ' "■land by Robert H. Gardiner, Esq. of Car- er, from Pennsylvania, where it is called the i enango potatoe, (probably from the river of that ne, on which it was first raised.) This potatoe it for the market on the 15th of July. Its fari- when boiled, is of a daz;ling whiteness — it is a )d bearer in good soils, and is nearly equal for imer and autumnal use to any potatoc we have The next in point of maturity, ripe early in Au- j it, is a potatoe nearly blank, with white spots, re or less predominant, when ripe, it is exceed- : Iv farinaceous and dry, and admirably suited to market, from the 10th of August, till the late aloes arc ripe. I ■■here is one other excellent variety, introduced Col. T. II. Perkins from Philadelphia; a white atoe called the " Foxito," and esteemed by the insylvanians, their best variety. By the kindness i^ol. Perkins t had a portion of them; they jn in September and October, are very fair rers, and I should be willing to put them on the table in competition with the best Nova Scotia atoes, from October to March — They are eer- ily superior to any variety grown in the vicini- jf Boston. Vnother admirable variety was presented to me Andrew Brimmer, Esq. ; a present to him m an English friend — No potatoe can exceed as it appeared, grown in English soil at the e of its arrival here. — As ustial, (for it is a 11 known and admitted fact,) and as I expected m past experience, it felt the influence of re- val from latitude 52 to 42 — from a moist, to a soil and atmosphere — many plants of it did ripen at all. The few that acquired the prop- size were excellent, and preserving all of them ler the hope that they might become gradually dimated. I have reason to believe from a sec- 1 year's trial, that they will prove a valuable ac- sitifn. Those only who know how inferior our atoes are to those of England and Ireland, No- Scotia and Maine, will appreciate the motive of ■se remarks. J- LOWELL. Ni^W ENGLAND FARMER. I!) IMPORTANT TO LADIES. I up, as they look shabby and unfit for a geutlcwo- Hints as to the means of preserving or rentiving man's wear. different articles of Drcsn. Bonnets and liats should always be put by a£ Ail dresses should have the front breadth made j soon as ever you come in. quite as long .is the hind ones, and tiirnod in (not If you are in mourning, whicli is, on the whole, cut out,) where a slops is required. Wlien the h''^''y '^•'^Pcn-*'^o- i great saving may be made by dress begins to look shabby, let it bo entirely taken to pieces, carefully iroucd-j and one of the hin( aviug the crape cleaned and ])ut on again. Let the crape, when taken off, be rubbed very well on breadths put to thCTront, putting the top part to the ; Ha'i'K^^K to lake out the dust, then dip it into a large bottom. Bythismeansthemarksofthe^^lhers will ^<^=*sel of milk and water, with a little japan ink come under the flounces before, and the" soils of the I it; when you have cleansed it from all impurity front breadth will be concealed in'the gathers. A ' *l"f^Pze it, w rather wring it by putting it in a little new silk of on-inferior quality, or a different ! 'owol, and getting out as much moisture as possi colour, may bo bought to make an edging to the trimming, and when it is made up again, you will have a new-looking dress, which will last nearly as long as it has done. There are many kinds of silk which will turn to great advantage. When a blc. It must then be' well sliaken and clapped, until all tho sparkles are gone, when it may be pinned out to the proper size — do not stretch it too much, or you will lose the curl, which is the beauty of it. The milk, especially if assisted by japan ink. gown IS taken to pieces for this purpose, it must j «'i" ^"'^^^ '<• suBciently stiff. be carefully wiped with a piece of soft linen, and When lilac, or violet dresses or ribbons are laid if much crumpled,may be damped witli a sponge dip- by, they ought to be covered witli thick brown pa- ped in cold water. Should it be purple or lilac, ; per to preserve their color. Yellow is a very las- the whole may be sponged to great advantage, if | ting colour ; it wears clean, and will almost al- done in water in which salts of Tartar are dissolv- i ways wash, ind is particularly useful for linings, cd, as that will completely restore the purple [ in wliich it is verv delicate and becoming. Blue^ tints; but this is lobe avoided if there is the least : and pink answer best, when they are chosen of mixture of green, as it would then ruin it. Wlien I pale hues, in preference to a full color, because ironed, the maid must lay a sheet of clean writing j the pale hues flo not expose the faded parts by paper, or an old cambric handkerchief, over the j contrast, aad they are infinitely more advantageous part, which will prevent that peculiar gloss given to the comjilexion. by the operation from becoming perceptible. A blond lace cap will not only last a long time clean, but will wash twice extremely well, by which means it becomes as cheap as handsome to the RAVAGES OF THE HOPPERS. We continue to receive the most lamentable ac- counts fronl various sections of this part of the wearer.' Lerit"be pulled "to pieces in a careful i country, of 'the continued and increased ravages manner, and every particle of thread taken out — then fold the trimmiug-s backward and forward about a foot long, till they look like lace in the piece, and sew thcih with fine thread and long stitches on a strip of linen, taking care, that if pointed, you tuck them round the points — let this be put into a saucepan of cold water, into which a good deal of mottled soap has been sliced, when it is boiled well, pour it out, and when cold, let it be well squeezed, but not rubbed in the least — proba- bly this {irocess may be required two or three times ; when it looks clean let the threads be cut and drawn out carefully, and the blond laid, one line at a time on fine flannel, cover it with a cam- bric iiandkcrchief, and iron it as wet as you can- of the graffi-hoppers. The farmers having used - all due diligence in arresting from the devouring insects the small pittance of grass which they have left — they seem to thicken among the English grain which remains unharvested, and the Indian corn ; many fields of wheat, rye and oats, are al- ready more than half destroyed and some entire- ly so. In many instances the agriculturist is cut- ting down his grain in the milk for fodder, not hav- ing any hopes that the hoppers will leave any thing but the bare stock. When the grass and Englisb grain is taken from the ground, the fields of corn adjacent arc attacked with evident appearance of being utterly ruined. ' These ravenous insects, it seems, are lujt confin- it will be necessary to see that the edges are I ed to vegetables alone. They frequently seize up- straight before you put it on a card to lay by. In , op clothes and wooden farming tools and utensils a day or two you will see that it looks quite new. in many places where they are left in their way, Crepe-lisse must be washed in the same way, in an incredible manner. We have witnessed this after which it must be dipped into a starch prepar- ( fact among others ourselves. Labourers who may ed thus— to two table spoonfuls of starch boiled in have thrown down their coats, vests, and handker- the common way, add a very small bit of lump su gar, and stir it till it is dissolved, then lake one table spoonful of unmade starch, well worked, so as to have a perfectly smooth surface, and beat it in that state when ready to be thinned for boiling, then beat it very well with the made starch before the crepe-lisse is put through it : when taken out it must be well clapped, and pinned straight upon a frame or a bed. All very rich gauzes should be ironed quite wet, out of a very thick sud, in which case the iron will pass pleasantly over them. Gauze handker- chiefs should be got up in this way — when the material is slight it requires starch, in which case it must not be attempted to iron it, it will fray and tear — indeed, poor gauses are not worth getting chiefs on the ground, have found them so much eaten, as to render them almost entirely worthless. Rakes and scythe snaths, have been eaten and made so rough in a few hours as to render it ne- cessary to smoothe them before they could be used witkout inconvenience. Thus are we visited like Egypt of olden time, and we know not that the ravages of destroyer will be less CEdamitous. [Vermont Herald.] Three valuable animals of the short horn Dur- ham breed, arrived in the Algonquin. They are the property of John Hare Powel, whose efforts to improve our domestic cattle cannot be too high- ly commended — One of the heifers, has cost Mr Powel about 600 dollars. [Phil. Gaz-l 26 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. August 11, isyti. EXTRACTS PROM AN ADDRESS, Delivered before the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Indiistrij, by Jf'illiam Hunter. I define Agriculture the- art of raising from the parth the largest quantity of useful vegetables, at the smallest expense. We must look to profit — to the practical result ; not to the ingenious theo.'y. — We must even not always trust to the practical result derived from other countries, w'lere climate, soil, the rate of wages, the divisions of labour, the perfection of the mechanical arts, and other name- which has been the greatest improver of Language (that great, durable, but imperfect instrument and monument of human thought,) would, by the accu- racy of its definitions expressive of these elements, in the various soils and manures now so vaguely characterized, give an accuracy and precision hith- erto unknown, Lo the experience of the tillers of the cartli. It cannot but be seen, that the impulses given to Chemistry, to the Mechanical Arts, and to Ag- riculture, say about fifty years ago, were simul- taneous— and have since been cotemporaneousand ... .,',/.• r I correspondent. The chemical discoveries of Black, less circumstances, Uistingmsh the foreign from L^ p^j^^jiy^ of Kirwan, of Davy, have aflected and In an inverse course v.'e began with Commerc Our settlements were on the margin of the ocee or of large navigable rivers. We imported arts matured. We brought here sliipwrigh navigators, sailors. We had a taste of bet things than our soil or climate afforded ; hankered after tropical productions, and A and European manufactures. We had externa the power and fleets of the mother country to p: tect us. We enjoyed her protection, while disregarded or evaded her prohibitions, fought for hor bravely in th& field, or on the de( but we secretly and profitably traded with, a our domestic experiment. Common sense in this as in every thing else, ought to be our guide. But there ap.e principles supplied her enemies. We built a sloop in tJ directed the improvements of "Young, and of Sin- 1 very colony, before we had finished a house, a clair of Mr. Coke and the Duke of Bedford. — [ sent the spoils of the forests and pastures, ( The An-riculture of Scotland, at the time Lord ; timber and boards, shingles, hoops and staves. admitted and uncontradicted, in every art andl^^.^^j published his Gentleman's Farmer, say j the flourishing colony of Barbadoes. We e.'ite science; and if they are drawn from varied and j„ 1747 j, his description was as bad as it could ! ed this to the other West India colonies, a oiippoccfiil nrnpftf^p thpv rnnqt.lhltp fl true aud y. ... ... 1 li i.i 1 1, ti. _ I _:-_ -i».i__A -,; A successful practice, they constitute a true and safe, and the only true and safe theory. Those who assert that Agriculture has remained station- ary, notwithstanding all the improvements in the sciences, for two tliousand years, wc-e, perhaps, fifty years ago, not far from the tru;h. It is as- tonishing hov/ many are the suggejtions in the old autliors which show that their practice had anticipated our proudest discoveries. For instance. Columella plainly asserts "that the fiesher the manure, the bettor." Have your furrow ready which is to cover it ; its richer or rather its gross- er particles subside for tlie enrichment of the soil and subsoil, while its thousand elastic gasses, struggling to get free, permeate the upper soil, divide, impregnate and pulverise jt. Nothing is wasted on the atmosphere — all is preserved and economised, to fertilize the surface — to spread verdure and realize profit. This is fairly inferible from what Columella has said, and this is the very result to which Artlmr Young arrived in his admirable prize essay on manures. It is confirmed iy the precepts and ex- periments of that groat Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy. But yet it will lut do to compare the writ- ings of Cato, Columella, or Pliny witli the modern practice of the best farmers of England 01 Scot- land. That the improvements in Agriculture have been slow and not in proportionate progression with other improvements must however, be admit- ted ; and why it is so, is perhaps easily explaina- ble. "If,"' says Mr. Kirwan, "the exact connex- ion of efifects, with tlieir causes, has not been so fully and extensively traced in Agriculture as in other subjects, we must attribute it to the peculiar difficulty of the investigation. In other subjects exposed to the joint operations of many causes the effect of each singly and exclusively taken, may be particularly examined, and the experimeutor may work in his laboratory with the object always in his view. But the secret processes of vegeta- tion take place in the dark, exposed to the vari- ous and indeterminable influences of the atmos- phere, and require at least half a year for their completion. Hence the difficulty of determining on what peculiar circumstance success or failure depends — for the diversified experience of many years, can alone afford a rational foundation for solid, specific conclusions." But observation will, and at last does give them. All the varieties of soil and manures, and all the diversified produc- tions of the vegetable kingdom, are capable of being resolved, by chemical analysis, into a small auml)cr of elementary ingredients; and Chemistry be. At this moment, considering it relatively as | brouglit back the luxuries of that clime to climate, it is positively the best in the world — j molasses, rum, pimento, ginger, and The Lothians of Scotland present rich scenes of plenty and profusion, which to have predicted in 1750, would have been sneered at, as the distem- pered dreams of a poet — the ravings of a mad- man— too e.xtravagant even to be deemed ingeni- ous, or interesting. It was after this,that Church- ill lays the scene of his Prophecy of Famine in Scotland, and describes it as the land "wliere half starved spiders fed on half starved flies." The truth is, that the effect of science, of well under- stood and well directed principle, may be effica- cious in its result, though the whole secret is not known to the practitioner. Many a sailor has con- ducted a ship safely over the ocean — knowing but mechanically his task — working by his scale and his tables — but practising it safely, because bot- tomed on the profound discoveries of Euclid, Na- pier, and Newton, of D'Alembert and La Place. Whoever will compare the accounts of Colonial Agriculture, say that of Doctor Elliot, in 1747, will find that we, in the Northern Colonies, were then equal to Scotland, and to a considerable part of England. What then is the reason of our sta- tionary condition ? _ Why is it, when we find, iii England, the sons of gentlemen and noblemen apprenticed to enlightened and practical farmers that Agriculture is here disregarded as a profes sion, and degraded from the rank and dignity to which its merits and utility entitle it? It lias been undoubtedly owing to the superior attractions presented by the profits and chances of Commerce, in all periods of our history, down to the peace of 1815. The abundance of good cheap land invited, not to tlie cultivntion of a soil, but to a scratching of almost the whole surface ofaH the soil. The forests were rapidly and indiscriminately felled The plan was to gain from two liundred acres, W'hat, with an improved husbandry, we now sec might be gained from fifty. Instead of restoring to the earth what was plundered from it, the very manure our bad agriculture accumulated, was suffered to waste, and new conquests, or rather spoliations of virgin soil were sought. This was not half as wrong as it appears to be. The tem- porary motives to this course were natural and irresistible : Our population was sparse ; we had none of that important intervening class, the Man- ufacturers, to feed at home. Our best friends in a political sense, even Burke and Chatham, would not have permitted us to make a hob nail — and Commerce was ready to take the gross materials of our forests and pastures to a foreign market. its sug little gold and silver coin, the last of which we exported to the dear mother country, for its ha ware, its woollens, its linens — hardly then its tons. We profited by the capital, tlje activity, knowledge of Europe, and applied the former h its of the old world to the developement of undissipated, and unelicited resources of the n In all discussions on this and similar subject! never ought to be forrrotten, tliat the whole colonial history forms a splendid exception to general truths — to the uncontested, but to inapplicable theories of Political Economy. W out that important class of consumers at ho the Manufacturers, for the purpose of sustain our foreign commerce, we pursued a rash ra cious agriculture — we tilled, not to fertilize tc exhaust, and at last we stamped upon our sc curse and cliaracter it originally did not dese of coldness and barrenness. Is it sagacii honourable, or profitable, that this course she be continued.' Is not our condition in relatio many important circumstances, changed, or aln reversed ? With a population augmented, a menting and concentrating — with Manufacto introduced here, as they always have been e\ where at first, by accident, and the force of es neous impulse — but confirmed by legislative ] taction— -aided by public opinion, and I hope- private individual profit ; with a foreign c merce narrowed by foreign restrictions and c petitions, are we to continue our dreams of high prizes in tlie lottery of trade ? We are 1 convinced that we must be forever hereafter c tented with a fair, moderate proportionable, c mercial profit belonging to a st»te of unive peace. There are some few high prizes, and few, left yet in Commerce ; and American en prize will oftener than any other, succeed in taining them. But we must look more and nr to our domestic resources. We must realize new situation, and adjust our concerns accordi ly. We must reform our Agriculture. We n render it profitable in the only mode by whic can be made profitable, by the application of c ital and skill. We can perform no miracles cannot achieve this mighty work at a single bl Wo can do nothing available by fits and sts All that we can hope for is gradual improvein an ultimate profitable result, by a course of mi ures systematic and enlightened, by unrelai effort and enduring perseverance In the present situation of this part of the co Vol. v.— No. 3. NEW ENGLAND FAUiMEK. 21 any " When there is no convenience tor bruijiing oats, inucii good may be done by mi.xing tiieni with clover or otlier hay cut up with a small proportion of.-^traw. By this, two objects will be accomplish- ed : the oats will be perfectly masticated, and, therefore, wholly converted to niitiimcnt : and a waste of hay will he prevented. Mr Blaine, an English writer,thinks tliat three horses may be sup- orted in tlii.s way .it as little c.vpense as two kept »;5 jy, we have among others two prominent evils to cd. Tiie following comimmicalion from iin En- 1 wri'crs say when horses are fed principally on '■'■i 'egret and reform. The disinclination of opulent I giish officer in the ^^ervi^o of the East India Com- steamed potatoes they do not need any water. '■■i 1 ind educated land proprietors to reside on and ! pany will shew the utility of bruising grain for 'n;S lultivatc one of their farms, and the disinclina- 1 feeding horses or cattle. ' i:» ion of the farmers to educate tliemselves and \ '• I have always been an advocate for cutting i Jieir children sufficiently for understanding the i hay and straw, and bruising corn (grain) for cattle i i| listory, and eflects of the various modern improve- 1 of every description, and' am convinced that any ■jfc nents. Our farmers are as acute and sagacious I man, who has p;iid attention to the subject, will 'H IS any in the world. They abound in that invaluable soon see the advantage tliat must result from the irticle, common sense. I5ut that is by its very do- ! aioption of that practice. My attention was inition.nothing more than the accumulate.! sugges- | particularly called to this subject by a circum- ions of their own experience, and that by necessity I stance which came under my notice wlien with j in the usual manner. Tlie proportions he recom- las been narrowed and limited. So far as ] the cavalry under Lord Lake on the western I mends are one part hay, two of straw, and one of lepends on my own observation, I cannot join in banks of the Junna in 1804. Channa, the usual | oats ; and of tliis mi.xture he gives from three to six he reproach that our farmers are unduly prcjudi- ; food being scantily supplied, Lord Lake ordered ', pecks daily, according to the size and employment ;ed or bigotted ; that their adherance to their old | the horses to be fed with equal parts of channa ' of the horse : and he observes that it will add )ractices is merely because they are old, and have i and barley, bruised and steeped in the usual way ; | very much to the nutriment, which the mi.xture af leen handed down to them from their forefathers. I but from the irregularity of the size of the barley fords,if the oats are previously bruised. Mr White They ought to be cautious and calculating. Festina [ and channa, and inattention on the part of those, ' says, "lam inclined to think that clover hay is ente should be their motto. They ought to yield i who.se duty it was to see it prepared, the greater ' preferable for this purpose to any other. It is gen- inly to conviction, and that conviction in important j part of the barley was given entire, and passed ' erally thought that kind of hay is not well adapted ases, (and by important, I mean where the result of, through the stomach and intestines of the horses, j for saddle-horses, or such as are employed in quick iltimate profit is doubtful,) ought to be effected j apparently little, if at all impaired in its nutri- ! work ; but this opinion, perhaps, has arisen from lot by pathetic address or ingenious statement, but I tive quality. The scarcity of grain which pre- the too common and mischievous practice of giving ly occular demonstration by personal observation of I vailed at that time induced many thousands to horses as much hay as they will eat, or a great J he actual and successful experiment. And who , flock to the British cainp, in search of food, and I deal more than is proper for them. Horses gener- )Ught to be at the hazard and primary expense of j daily witnessed for weeks together many hun- ally prefer clover-hay ; and it appears to contain hat experiment? Who ouglit to be the great | dreds of those people of all ages, coming into the more nutriment than the other kinds: it should, exemplar of a reformed and animated Agriculture ? ' lines of our cavalry, and anxiously collecting and therefore, always be given sparingly. Chaff [cut »Vithout hesitation I reply, the opulent, educated, carrying' away the excrement as it fell from the hay or straw] becomes dry aud dusty ; therefore, mt deeply interested, proprietor. The experi- ' horses. This they exposed a few hours to the sun, [ enough for only a few day's consumption should nent, if it fails, will cost hiifi comparatively nothing, i and by rubbing and sifting it, procured a large ; be cut at a time. When good hay cannot be pro- ^ ie will have the pleasure of the chase, though supply of good food. This detail, which is on cured, sweet straw is an e.xcellent substitute, and .ho game should escape him; and in the worst J some accounts afHicting to humanity will pro- , far better than bad bay, or, perhaps, such as is in- ; vent, he will find consolation in that feeling bably go further in convincing the incredulous i different. .vhich constitutes the purest felicity of man, j upon this' subject tlian the most ingenious theory.', "Hay that has been a little heated in the mow. j{ which misfortune or errors cannot deprive him, i It must prove to every unprejudiced man that a pro- ' or as it is termed is iiiow-bunit, is not I believe, so .vhicli is indivestible, above the accidents'of earth, j digious waste takes place in the use of corn for | unwholesome as it is commonly thouijht to be ; but ind connected with the unerring certainty of | horses when it is not previously ground or bruised." i horses are generally fond of it, and, if allowed, Heaven: he will feel warm in his heart the con- sciousness of benevolent design — he will be repaid in t!ie ample compensation of a self-rewarding beneficence. This if he fails. — If he succeeds, his pecuniary is his rightful, but smallest emolu- ment. A crowd of neighbours come to inquire and imitate, to be convinced, and to go and do likewise. He may be, he w ill be, the instrument of spreading fertility over his native land, deep It appears from the experience of Mr. Curwen ■ would often eat too much. It is supposed that [a celebrated English agriculturist] that the feed- saccharine matter is developed by the ferraenta- ing of working horses on cooked provender is tion which hay undergoes in the mow, and as that highly profitable. One great advantage, he ob- , which is mow burnt appears to contain more sac- serves is the short time that is required for eating , charine matter than any other, it is probable that a proper quantity, and its more easy digestion. ' it may be found preferable where used with dis- " A horse." he says " will take six hours in eating cretion, provided it has not been too much heated ; a stone [14 lbs] of hay, whereas he will eat a for when it lias become quite brown there will gen- stone of steamed potatoes in twenty minutes." A erally be found a considerable degree of acidity ening the verdure of its vallies, of crowning its j horse thus fed will therefore, have a much longer in it, which probably would be injurious if eaten hills with waving plenty, of making the wliole i time for rest than olie fed in the common way ; freely. Hay that is dry, and void of smell is cer- scope of its cultivation one scene redolent of i and it is probable that tiie stomach being thus , tainly bad ; but that which is dusty, mouldy, and fragrance, resonant with joy. But I check j quickly satisfied, the animal will be disposed to of a bad smell is exceedingly prejudicial. Dry myself. sleep' or rest, which is favourable to the digestive ' hay should be moistened with water and if at all {To be continued.) (process. In a letter from Mr. Curwen to Mr. I dusty, should be previously well shaken: this is particularly necessary when it is used for horses that are greedy of water, or subject to coughs Hay after it is one year old rather becomes worse than improves, particularly in small mows : after the second year, it should never be used when any that is newer can be procured — perhaps good straw is preferable to it especially if the horse i s allowed a good quantity of oats. Horses shoul d be allowed either a run at grass or green food in the Stable during the early part of summer. — . i Peall, that gentleman observes, " I can confirm ON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES ; after great and most extensive practice, every OF HORSES. (Continued from page ry.) jthinglhave formerly advanced with respect to Experience has often demonstrated that the ' feeding horses on steamed potatoes. I have found most serious consequences may ensue when a it expedient to add a little more straw with a horse is subjected to violent exercise on a full ; view to rendering the food less costly. A decisive stomach. This indigestion thus occasioned often ' distinction should be made between cut straw and causes violent colics which sometimes prove chaff, in the husk of the grain ; the latter is per- fatal. Surgeon White says " I have known many fectly indigestible and dangerous. I strongly sus- instances of this : and when we consider how'pect I have lost horses formerly by its being used often post and stage-coach horses are suddenly i contrary to my orders. The practice of potatoe attacked during their work with gripes or /i'c/, ' feeding has been adopted by several gentlemen as it is commonly termed arising entirely from | upon a large scale, all of whom concur in declar- this cause, it will appear astonishing that it has ;ing that the opposition to the relinquishing of this not excited the attention of post-masters and other proprietors. Oats, which escape being crushed or broken by the teeth, though properly soaked by the saliva CULTIVATION OF THE VINE. We learn from the Philadelphia Gazette, that the vine is cultivated in Pennsylvania to an extent mode of feeding would now be as great as it was I of which few persons have had any idea. In the to its adoption. I have found steamed straw, (cut) immediate neigbourhood of the borough of York^ very good food when I could do no better." Mr. there are one hundred and fifty acres of vineyards, Curwen observes that horses fed upon steamed | gome on the tops of mountains, and some in the and juice of the stomach, are not properly digest- [potatoes should have but little water: and other I faosoms of vallies. In Adam, and in Westmoreland 2-2 NEW ENGLAND FAlllVIER. August II, 16V1). the culture of the vine is also attend ed to ; and one gentleman in Chester has a vineyard covering thirty acres. Only a few days ago, a house in Market street advertised for sale, wine manufac- tured in the neighborhood of Lancaster. The extent to which the vine is now cultivated, makes us regard it as no longer a matter of ex- periment. If similar success should attend the attempts to introduce the culture of silk, we shall not long be under the necessity of giving our flour to our horses to get rid of it. [Am. Farmer.] NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST II, 1826. auRAi. EcoNozKnr INSECT !>• PEAR TREES. Mr Lowell's communication relative to the in- sect which causes a blighted or scorched appear- ance in the leaves and limbs of pear trees, will be read with that interest, which is always command- ed by that gentleman's productions. We have examined with care, those agricultural and horti- cultural writers from whose works we might an- ticipate information on this subject, but find noth- ing satisfactory. Neither Darwin, Rees, Forsyth, Willich, Loudon, Coxe, Thacher, nor others, who have written on fruit trees, and whose obser\'a- tions on the pear tree, blight, insects, &c. we have consulted with a view to the above mentioned phe- nomenon, give anything determinate on this topic. It is probable, however, that the insect whic.'irMr Lowell detected, and Professor Peck described, exists in Europe, and is more common in America than is generally believed, but the elfects of its depredations have been attributed to what is call ed fin blast, or fire blight. For a particular des cription of the supposed causes and efTects of what is called fire blight, we would refer our readers to the New England Farmer, vol. iii. page 121. LIME. This substance differs from chalk and powdered limestone chiefly by the absence of fixed air, which is expelled from these during their calcination, or burning. This air the lime absorbs again from the atmosphere, and all other bodies with vvliich it comes in contact, and which can furnish it ; but it cannot unite with the air, unless it is previously moistened.- One hundred parts quick lime absorb about 28 of water. It is soluble in about 700 parts of this fluid. To regain its full portion of air from the atmosphere, it requires a year or more, if not properly spread out ; it resists putrefaction, but, with the assistance of moisture resolves organic substances into a mucus. [.Kirwan on Manures.] OYSTER-SHELLS. Are frequently burnt into lime, to lay upon land. They are a better manure when ground without burning, owing to the remains of animal matter in Ihem. A good lime compost is the following : Spread on any platform under cover, (i inches of mould, then three inclies of well burnt lime, slack it with water in which common salt is dissolved to the amount of ] .J lbs of salt to each busliel of lime ; cover it with (i inches more of mould. Before laying it on the land, turn and mix this compost lieap, and lay three hundred bushels of it on each ='"<=■ [Dr. T. Cooper.] qUICK LIME IN BLASTING ROCKS. Quick lime is of great utility in rending rocks and stones, when mixed with gunpowder, in the proportion of one pound of the former, well dried and pulverized, to two pounds of the latter. This singular property of lime was discovered, and was related by G. D. Griffith, Esq. in the 8th vol of the Transactions of the Bath and West of England Society ; where he states that the mixture above specified, caused an explosion, with a force equal to three pounds of gun powder. ON AN IMPROVED MODE OF GREASING WHEEL CAR- RIAGES, THRESniNC MILLS, &C. Mix with the ordinary grease used for carriage wheels, as much black lead carefully pounded and sifted, as will bring it to the consist-ency of any thick soft pomatum, and grease with this. It will endure twice as long as the grease which is commonly applied ; or if the rotation is not a very quick one, three times as long. The mixture is equally applicable to machines used ie agriculture, as mills, &c. It has no bad effect whatever in wearing the axle or box. The effect is still further increased, if the axle is cate great strength weil knit and short between, them, of bay colour in preference to any other, black legs, mane and tail, and of lofty graceful movement, in short such a horse as I have no doubt may be easily found in Virginia, and perhaps some of the other states, if one but knew where to go for the animal. If he be one of the colts, sired by Sir Archie, so much the better, and if he be of age enough to have colts of his own, handsome and of large size, it would be a great recommendation, provided the price asked was not too great. The brood mares are likewise required to be of large size and of the very best blood and stock for stoutness, size and symmetry, of bay colour, black legs, tail and mane, and 11 possible with foals at their feet by Sir Archie, in preference to any other horse, or by some one oi his get or blood,such as Gracchu3,&c. If a horsed the age, before indicated is not to be had at a reason- able price, perhaps a promising colt of Sir Archies, out of some well known mare, might be had „■ , • , „ „, Any information upon the subject will be thankful, iron, and the box brass. [Sinclair s System of hy received. In all cases it is wished, that the- Scotch Husbandry.] THOROUGH BRED HORSES WANTED. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW" ENGLAND FARMER. Dear Sir, — One of your subscribers is desir- ous of purchasing a thorough bred, entire horse, of the very best blood, that is to be found in the country, and likewise two full bred mares, of equal blood and large stock w-ith foals by them, and likewise with foal by some thorough bred horse of known excellence. I am induced to make known my wishes to you, knowing the great interest you take in whatever relates to the im- provement of any description of our stock, and likewise with a strong hope, that througli you, the enlightened and zealo»s editor of the Ameri- can Farmer, may be led to contribute his effect- ive aid, towards obtaining the desired informa- tion, particularly as it is sought by one, who has been a regular subscriber for his most valuable paper, since its first publication. In this part of the country, as you well know, my dear sir, we want horses of strength equal to any service required of them, rather than horses adapted to any one particular purpose, and though we have many most excellent ones, that are appli- ed to all uses, as saddle, coach, cart, and the plough, yet as might be expected they too gen- erally fail in speed and wind, and beauty of sym- metry, and instead of raising beautiful horses, that would command high prices, our farmers, too often avail themselves of the services of the first miserable horse that ofl^ers, and consequently the country is filled with a most miserable race of animals,' which ratlier impoverish, than enrich, those who raise them. It leas appeared to me, that a judicious cross, with the very best of the full blooded race horse, would be productive of great advantage to the information should be as precise as possible, so fat( as relates to description of the animals, prices, age and stock from whence they descended, audi likewise the characters of the former colts which the mares may have had Should any one honour tliis communication, KJi his notice of it, he will please address his letters to A. B. care of the Editor of the New Englano Farmer. Respectfully, Dear Sir, Your Friend By the Editor. — We are personally acquainteo with the gentleman, who favoured us with the above article, and know him to be an able, zealous and enlightened agriculturist. We hope the in- formation he solicits may be obtained, and are confident that a compliance with his request wil benefit the public by improving the breed of tha' invaluable animal the horse. [Tranalaltd from, the French, for Furmer.'\ the Mii< E/)glanc, PRESERVING EGGS. It is said that eggs may be kept a year as fresh as when first laid, by the following method. Place forty or fifty eggs carefully in a strong earthern vessel ; the vessel is then to be filled with lime- water, closely stopped, and put into a cool cellar for use. The limewater should rise 2 or 3 inches above the eggs. The only conditions of success are, that the eggs be fresh when put down, and that the shell be not cracked, for the slightest fissure in the shell would admit the limewater, permit the egg to escape, and thus spoil the whole number. A. PARMENTIER. Brooklyn, Long Island, August 2, 1826. HAYMAKING. It has been a custom with many farmers in tliis country, provided horses could be obtained of j county to consume large quantities of spirits in uitable qualities, as for instance that they be long to a large, full sized short legged race, not less than 1,5J hands high, short and flat back, handsome well turned limbs, with large and strong joints, deep chested, full breast and rump, thick prominent stifles, tail well placed, not goose rump- ed as it is sometimes called, liigh withers, bold crest, full lively eye, good head, with ears not too far apart, boaee and joints large enough to indi- their families, during the seasc^ of haying and harvesting. From what the mistaken notion or when it originated is not known ; hut certain it is, that the bottle at this season, with irt^st farmers,is now considered almost as essential in gathering in their hay and grain, as the scythe and tlie sickle, and rum is dealt out with a liberal hand not only to men, but to every boy who is able to handle a rake. It is not improbable that much of the intern- v.— No. ■^. M:W ENOiLAND 1 AUi\li:U 23 1, 0 with which the country is deluged and u-ed owes its origin to this practice. A hab- Iriinkcncss, if contracted wlien young, is sel- . radicated. Hence the utmost caution shouhl Riio onserved by parents in Vatching over their children in this respect. Ahnost every case of conflrined drunkeness may se tr:Ked to au early indulgence in dram-drinkini;. [n il-i incipient stages, it may carry with it the as- joct of temperate indulgence ; but it grows with he growth,' and strengtheivs with the strength of ts votary, until the confirmed habit itself in the lisgusting and sickening spectacle — the image of lod tottering with inebriety, and degraded be- icath the level of .T brute. " I We are aware that nothing can be said that .ill convince many people, that it is possible for hem to perform their haying and harvesting with- i ut the aid of spirits. But if they consider it thus ; eccssary for themselves, we hope they will spare leir sons. With them it may not yet have be- ome thus necessary, and the deprivation will be orne without a murn)ur. Give them hop beer, lolasses and water, or milk and water, which is y far the most wholesome and nourishing, and at le same time more economical. But even if the ex- ?use were double, the advantages of such bever- ge over rum and whiskey, in a moral point of view, e incalculable. Farmers who are in the habit of ring mucli labour ought to jet an example of re- They should furnish no kind of ardent )irits whatever to their laborers, and to prevent isunderstanding, let it be so stipulated when they e hired. If this system was generally adopted, e should soon see a vast improvement in theraor- 3 of society, and especially would the moral char- ter of the laboring community be essentially ised. [Claremont, N. H. Spectator.] Farmers in New England often cut out tlic eyes of potatoes for planting, particularly if tlic vegeta- ble is scarce, and save the body of the root for the summer's use. [Com. Adv.] CURE FOR THE CHOLERA MORBUS. Half a pint of corn roasted almost black, grind it : fine, put it in a clean tin vessel, and pour over it a quart of boiling water, simmer it 10 minutes, strain j it, and add a little sugar ; give 3 table spoons full every quarter of an hour ; the stomach will retain it in most cases, after the 2d time given. Wlien the sickness of the stomach has subsided, give a mild dose of pliysic that is the least nauseating to the patient, 2 tea-spoons full of Rhubarb powder, Epsom salts, or cream of Tartar. This simple Indian remedy, if taken at the com- mencement of the complaint, will effect a cure. — ■' The prevalence of the disorder at Philadelphia, is the reason for this receipt being published. {New Jersey pa.] Extract from a letter dated Bu^ola, June I'Uh. "On the 17t!i inst. nt 10 o'clock at night, we had three severe shocks of an earthquake, which has destroyed some, but materially injured all the churches, convents and other public, and a great number of private buildings : so much so, that an- other shock (if unfortunately it occurs) will lay the whole town in ruins ; the consequence is, that most families have left it, and arc living in huts in a neighbouring village." MORNING AIR. Tlio most wholesome and invigorating air of the day is usually at day break. The man who rises at the dawn of day, may enjoy a pleasure tliat is denied to a slumberer. It is the best time for exercise. The birds gayly carol, to welcome the rising sun and to waken man to industry. The glorious orb of day is in itself an object of more magnificence, than the Falls of Niagara or Mont- morenci, the Peak of Teneritfe, or Etna. Yet hov,' many traver,se sea and land to behold these ter- rcstial objects, while perhaps they never saw the rising sun in its utmost splendor, the sublimest spectacle in creation. HYDROPHOBIA. This opprobrium medicoriim, has become at Ly- 3S, a mere bagatelle, and has completely lost its rrific character by nipping it in the bud. It ap- tars that about a year ago, a man was bit by a 3g who afterwards died raving mad ; but that his ife without delay extracted the poison by sucking e icovnd : this v\'as afterwards repeated by the iquest of the physician,and no hydrophobia super- jned in either. She afterwards went by the name La Chien Sue, and her example was this year Uowed by three womeyi, who go by the same iijie, and whose business it has been during the it months to suck the wounds of all who are bit- nby any nrad animal. Ten francs is their charge n the first 3ucking,and five for every succeeding Of 38 cases which occurred since the first f June, not one terminated fatally, none even expc- enced- tlie symptoms of hydrophobia, although le animals were raving mad, and died in that ;ate. [English paper.] DISTILLERY APPARATUS. It will be seen by an advertisement in our pa- per of this morning that Mr. John C. Douglas has invented a new distilling apparatus, one of which is now in operation in this city, which must prove of great advantage to Sugar Refiners, Spirit and Molasses distillers. Brewers, &c. Mr D. states in his advertisement, that by his improved apparatus he is enabled to distil more spirits in 12 hours, with a still of 300 gallons, than can be done in one of 1200 gallons, in stills of the general construc- tion. [N. Y. Daily Adv.] TENNESSEE. A correspondent in this state thinks it worthy of remark, that a cat fish, weighing 48 lbs. was caught near Dover, on the 15th April, ult. and that a piunpkin liad been raised on his father's farm, in the neighborhood of Nashville, that weighed 239 lbs. He regards these as fine specimens of the products of the west. PRESERVING POTATOES. A Mr Roberts, in England, has discovered and btained a patent, for what he calls a singular dis- overy in the art of preserving potatoes, and other egetables. His directions are simply as follows'. Take potatoes that arc thoroughly ripe, and bo- 3re they liave grown in the spring, cut out with a nife or other instrument, .or otherwise destroy le germs or eyes. The more they are kept from le air the finer they will be." We have been ac- uainted with this process these t^'cnty years. — ■ EULOGIES. Messrs. D. F. Robertson, & Co. and Norton and Russell, of Hartford, Conn, have issued pro- posals for publishing in a volume of 300 or 350 pages, octavo, a selection of the Eulogies, pro- nounced in the several states in honour of Adams aivl Jefferson. The work when completed will be very valuable and cannot but possess great merit. An edition of 500 copies will be printed, at $175 in boards, $2 bound. A subscription pa- per is left at the Statesman Office, and an agent is expected in Boston to day to receive names. Boston Statesman. The Mount Hope Loan Company yesterday stop- ped payment. Not long since the New Hope Delaware Bridge stopped. AU our Hopes, we be- lieve, are now at an end. The Mount Hope Loan Company was chartered with a capital of $300,000. They w ill, as we learn, make an expose quickly, and relieve those interest- ed, as to what may be left. (^luere. — Which goes next ? [N. Y. Enquirer.] BELLFOVNDER., This celebrated horse, of a bright Hay, with black legs, standing 15 hands high, a celebrated trotter, and a true descendant of the Fire- awaijs, will stand at Col. Jaques' stable, in Charles- town, during the season. Charge $20, and $1,00 the groom — see New England Farmer, April 14, 18"26. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - l>eHrl do, - - - BEANS, white, - - - - BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, cargo, No 1, new, - " No 2, new, - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - - Rve, best, ... GRAIN, Rye - - ... Corn - - - . - Barley - ... Oats HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern : PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - - - - - WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort proiisiOjV Market. BEEI'', best pieces - . - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - . VEAL, MUTTON, r POULTRY, ...... BUTTER, keg& tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - . Indian, do, - . - - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, ... FROM bbl ton. SO 00 95 00 bush 2 3- hbl. 10 25 8 25 7 00 lb. 9 3 9 bush 95 bbl. 5 00 4 62 3 50 bush lb. 15 cask gal. ton. 2 87 bbl. 14 50 12 50 12 00 bush 1 67 lb. 6 33 25 30 25 20 40 35 lb. 10 8 5 10 14 22 13 bush 90 90 bbl. 2 7!; D. C. 2 00 10 10 20 16 24 14 9a 1 00 62 4 00 24 NEW ENGLAND lARMEH. August 11, 182(1. XaiSC£I.I.ANIES. The following very feeling Dirge on the death of Adams and Jefferson, copied from the Connect- icut Mirror, is from the pen of Mr Brainard. It was written impromptu, under these cireumsttsices: A young lady was at her piano, playing " Roslin Castle," to a small circle, when the news of Mr Jefferson's death arrived. Mr Brainard immedi- ately wrote the following lines to that tunc, which the lady sung and played. They do equol credit to his poetical taste and to his heart : Toll not the bell, and muffle not The drum, nor fire the funeral shot ; Nor half-way hoist our banner now — Nor weed the arm, nor cloud the brow — But high to Heaven be raised the eye, And lofty be the rapturous sigh ; And still the cannon, drum, and bell, Nor let the flag of sorrow tell. Now low are laid their honour'd forms. But from the clods, and dust, and worms, Their spirits wake, and breathing, rise Above the Sun's own glorious skies. And happy be their airy track — We may not, would not, call them back ; — For Patriots' hands may clasp with theirs, And Angel harps may hymn their prayers. A writer in tht iNew York Statesman, says—and 1 and pour on it several spoonfuls of good vinegai ^ "'^"•*'' 'If the linen contain lime, the acid will excite com siderable effervesence, accompanied with a sligb noise. Otherwise, no effect is produced. doubtless, says truly— that the present excitement which exists in that city in relation to monied con- cerns, " was occasioned by men who have been playincr a desperate game in Bonds and fictitious paper ;" making, as the swindling terra is, " heavy operations" out of nothing, and shaving each oth- er, until they were compelled to raise the curtain, and shov themselves to the public." This reminds us of an old gentleman in New England, who boasted that he had two of the cutest boys in the world at making speculations. "Why," said he, " I'll lay you a pistareen that if they be locked up in a room together, where they can see no other person to trade with, they will make five dollars a piece by swapping clothes with eaf h other." [Nat. Journ.] A box of glass, labelled in large letters " this side up, with care," was plac«d on board one of the steam-boats on Wednesday, for New York. A portly gentleman, dressed in a round-about, | tjjg article may be obtained at the apothecaries Important to Housekeepers. — The following r« ceipt we can certify from our own experience t be effectual. The cobalt, however, instead of bt ing mixed up with water merely, should be put ii to" weak rum and water, the odour of which a tracts the flies. [Eve. Post.] Flies, Flies. — An ounce of pulverised Cobal m! moistened with water and placed in such a situi in tion that flies may have free access to it, will e fectually destroy the largest numbers of them a short time. As the water dries out it may be replenish^ any number of times without destroying the fl> killing properties of the cobalt. • The simple met od of freeing ourselves from these troublesome i sects is a valuable discovery, and the more so eated himself upon the box, and as the direction I {j,g \f^^ puce of about twenty-Jive cents per ounc had been fresh put on, when he arose, he had trans- j ferred a perfect impression to the seat of his un- John Mams^ Prophecy at 20 years of age. The following is an extract of a letter written by John Adams, dated at Worcester, Ms. Oct. 12, 1755. " Soon after the reformation, a few people came over to this new world, for conscience sake. Per- haps this trivial incident may transfer the great seat of empire into America. It looks likely to rae ; for, if we can remove Gallicks, our people, according to exact computations, will, in another century, become more numerous than England it- self. Should this be the case, since we have, I may say, all the naval stores of the nation in our hands,it will be easy to get the mastery and all Eu- rope will not be able to subdue us. The only way to keep us from setting up for ourselves, is to dis- unite us. Be not surprised that I am turned poli- tician. This whole town is immersed in politics. The interests of nations, and all the din of war, makes the subject of every conversation. I sit and hear, and afl.er having been led through a maze of sage observations, I sometimes retire, and laying things together, form some reflections pleasing to myself. The produce of one of these reveries you have read above." WILD CHERRY TREE. The poisonous qualities of this tree, are too lit- tle known amongst farmers, who have met with some serious losses in cattle, and have attributed their sudden death to some other causes. Week before last,one of Mr Joseph Ilershy's neighbours, in Hempfield township, having fallen one of his trees, six of his cows eat of the leaves, and died in the courpe of half an hour afterwards. When it is necessary to cut a tree of this kind down, the branches and leaves should be burnt immediately, as cattle are fond of them, and are liable to die instantaneously by eating freely. [Gre6njburg(Pcnn.) paper.] mentionables. As he walked about the deck, every one exclaimed " this side up with care." We need not add that the effect was ludicrous. [Philadelphia paper.] Major Cartwright hrought an Esquimaux woman to England with him, of whom he used to relate many curious particulars. Though horribly ugly herself, she could hardly allow any Englishwoman to be handsome, but she was more just to the men. She was so struck on entering St. Paul's Cathe- dral, that her knees shook under her; after a short pause, she anxiously inquired. " Did man make it, or was it found here?" When the gentleman who had the charge of her told her that they must return her to her country for want of money, she asked why they did not go into the woods and kill venison? and when told they would be hanged if they did so, she expressed her surprise. "Hanged for killing venison ! O, you fool !" [Lon. pa.] An Eternal separation. — An English lady re- cently divorced from her beloved, came over to Prance and turned Catholic, in order, she said, that she might not again be in contact with her hus- band, either in this world or the next. In the word abstemious, the five vowels of the alphabet stand in their grammatical order, a e i o u. The word facetious presents the same acciden- tal singularity ; ani facetiously brings in the y. Sea-hathing. — A few ladies of the en bon point cast, weighing probably from 16 to 18 stone a head, lately paid a visit to a small town on the east coast for the benefit of sea bathing. As they descended from the vehicle which had conveyed them,the village natives exhibited no small degree of surprise at their round and portly figures. 'Lord guide us!' involuntarily ejaculated one of the fish A Yankee in this city has discovered that a li tie sweet oil put upon brass ornaments will pr vent the injury which flies sometimes occasi' them. He also has ascertained that the applicath of sweet oil upon horses will prevent flies fromb ing them. This is certainly u orth notice, and the experiment should prove successful, it will of immense importance to many of tlie unfortuna quadrupeds who are now almost bitten to deatji 1 these villainous insects. [N. Y. Courier.] Book Gilding. — John Robertson, bookbinder Montrose,has invented a machine for gilding boo on the back. It performs its operation with giet. accuracy and quickness, enabling the gilder to fi ish 50 uniform volumes in the course of an houi Subscribers to the JVetv England Farmer are i formed that they can have their volumes neatly h bound and lettered at 75 cents, which i.i as cheap they can be done in this city — by sending themi this office. An eminent coach proprietor in England has of- fered the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Com- mittee, £20,000 per annum, for the liberty of con- veying passengers between the two towns. Public Sale of Wool. On THURSDAY, the 14th of Sept. at 9 o'clock, At the east end of the Hall ever the New Market, i der the regulations of the "A. E. Society." A large quantity of Merino, Grade and Native Flee Wool which will be exempt from the State duty o per centum. Farmers and others, who wish to avail Iheniselvei this opportunity of disposing of their Wool, arc infer ed that we are in readiness to receive at any time ui the 9th September, at -which time our catalogue will closed. — Also a! the same time — 300 bales Smvrna ) 65 do. Saxony Electoral, ^ WOOL. 100 do. Spanish ) This Wool may be examined on and after (he 9 of Sept. until the day of sale. COOLIDGE, POOR i: HEAD, Jluct. July 2 Market St., and French & Davenport 713 \\a=hiiig.' Street, who are appointed sole agents for vending t same. eptf Boston, April fS, 1826. PATEN T HOES.— J. & A. Fale's Patent Hot ives, 'I wonder what like the healthy folk '11 be j stantly for sale by French^& Weld, 31 & 32 in that place — gin thae be the sick anes.' [Scotch pa.] To ascertain if Linen be bleached with Lime. Every body knows the injury which is done to linen by blenching it with lime. It is easy to de- tect linens which have been so bleached, in tlie following manner: Cut off a piece of the new lin- en which you wish to examine, put it into a glass, ;3:5=Publlshed every Friday at Three Dollars per a runn, jiayable at the end of the year— hut those wl pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing entitled to a detUiction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who pi ocure_^rt responsible subscribei are entitled to a sixth volume gratis. NEWENGL AND FARMER Published by Juan B. Rcssf.i.;. ;U t, • lornor of Coiigrosg nnd LiiidiiU Slryots. — Thomas G. Fessemjkn, Editor. VOL. V. BOS'rON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 18. l.S2(). NO. 4. ORIGINAL PAPERS. DISEASE IN PEAR TREES. ■' Mr Fessendkn — If the following article be not 0 long and tedious and you think it woith alten- ■' jn, you cr.n publish it at your leisure or when ithing uioro important is offered to the public. As my pear trees have surtercd much from the evailing malady, both this season and last, I have en led to look for the cause. Mr Lowell's )mnuinication in answer to Governor Lincoln, your paper of the 28th ult. I have read with in- rest, as I am well aware of the importance, hich I ought to attach to any article coming am that source. But I am sorry that I cannot free with that gentleman in his views of the sub- ct, because, if he is right, I think the evil could on be remedied. 1 shall make no apology for offering my opinions I tliis subject in opposition to Mr Lowell, as I ould consider it a poor compliment to his can- )ur as well as his good sense, to suppose him ca- ible of feeling hurt at a fair discussion of any ct, which is interesting to the public, merely be- luse he had pronounced an opinion founded on hat he conceived irrefragable proof of the fact. Mr Lowell says, speaking of the sudden death "the branches of the pear trees — " The effect in short is precisely the same as if you had sawed off the limb and thrown it on the wood pile ; and so it ought to be, for in effect it has been sawed off by the teeth, or rather instruments, of a mi- noto insect." I shall not here dispute the fact, that there may e found insects, which are denominated Wood .'aters, in the buds, or under the shoulder of buds, roceeding from branches of pear trees that are dis- ased ; — and for the sake of shortening discus- •ons, I shall admit the fact of the injiiry done by lem, to the full e.Ktent to which Mr Lowell and 'rofessor Peck have stated it. Mr Peck says — " for several years past the ends of the branches of pear trees have been observ- ed to perish suddenly insomuch that it has been attributed to lightning.^Mr Lowell believed it was caused by insects and on examining the ■ dead part of the branch proved the correctness ' of his judrrinent. He piesented me one of the 'insects with a part of the branch which contain- ' ed it in its perfect state." Mr Peck then goes )n to describe the manner of its laying its egg inder the bud — and then adds — " the piece of the branch which I had, was three years old ; it 'had, therefore, one layer of sap and two of wood. — The grub had eaten the inner layer of wood, a part of the medulla or pith, and about half of the second layer of wood, in a circuh^r direction, leaving the alburnum or sap wood vr,- « touched, except at its exit." — " the insect is J_|>_ gf an inch in length, and ^i- of an inch in breadth." This is all that I need quote from Mr Peck's description of the injury done by the in- " luul, behind which tlie egg was probably dcpos- " itiui.lollow ing the course of the eye ot'the bud irito " tlie pith wiiicli ho had coiisumeri,to'votlior with all ■♦the heart wood, — he had thtin gone into the " chrysalis state, in the scene of his depredations, " and was in a perfect state when I found him." " The hole or space eaten," says Mr Lowelf., " will be found aten," saK^ Mr Lowell " frtm the root of the ) exterior bark ; — or to. facj a few inches from the extremity of tiie brancii where the injury begartt or" anywhere else, so far as I have been able to te.st it. Yet the disease will continue to run downwards, if not checked, until it reach the roots through the body of the tree. This seems to'bo admitted by Mr Lowell, who says that the insect had eaten into the pith of the wood, following the e;/c of the bud, and had tlien gone into the chrysalis state : so that the " scene of his depre- dations" could not have been many inches, if it were even one beyond the spot where the egg was deposited. If then the extensive evil complained of is caused by this little insect, it must be by iu- jecting a virus into the circulating juices of the tree, more subtle and corroding than the venom of any other animal within our knowledge. But this is not pretended to be the case either by Mr Low- ell or Mr Peck. — They both agree that the ex- tent of the wound made by the " Scolytus" is in the destruction of the pith and innerwoods of the shoot, near to the bud where the egg was deposit- ed, leaving the alburnum entire, except where he made his exit. But allowing- that all the wood within the albur num was removed, would that alone destroy the branch ? if there was strength enough left in it to keep it together, I conceive that vegetation and the circulation of the sap \*ould go on, the same as though the interior wood was left. The irmer wood gives strength to the branch, and to the tree, but I believe is no otherwise necessary to the maintenance of its growth or even to its fe- cundity. I c un'it tlierefore think that the rapid decay, and unhealthy state of the juices of the tree, arise from the injury laid down by Mr Low- ell and Professor Peck. Is it a sufficient solu- tion of the question then to know that a small in- sect,one tenth of an inch long, and four hundredths of an inch broad ; of the tribe of wood eaters, has descended into the centre of a twig, and eaten away a very small portion of its inner substance at the end, or at the side of a shoot ; which shoot is per- haps at the e.xtremity of a large full bearing tree, and itself not a quarter of an inch in diameter ! That tlie destruction of the inner wood of a twig, by an insect ai the extremity of a large tree should destroy its whole body, is to me inconciev- ablc, when you may destroy the same shoot or branch by any means which man possesses, eveti by fire, without injuring the wood below its imme- diate influence. In answer to the piece signed "Veritas," in your paper of the 5th instant I shall only observe that the disease is not of recent date. I have a description of it published eighty years ago. It ia also a mistake to suppose that the evil arises from exhaustion, or want of nutriment, as that writer supposes. He recommends regular manuring and free pruning, as a remedy. The best answer I cart give to this opinion is the fact, that all the trees that have been affected by the disease in my grotinds, are those that grow in my vegetable garden which is regularly and well qaanured ; and among those, the most vigorous and thrifty h&vs suffered most. And all tliose that grow in my grass land, where they are seldom or never ma- nured, are entirely free from the disease. Mr Jack&om's theory I confess I do uot undet- 26 JNEW ENGLAND FARMER. August 18, 182(j. siand. He says s "the warm weatlier of Februa-1 near the first healthy looking shoot. •' ry, which put the sap of the early fruits into cir- examined thorn with my knife, beginning at 1 '' dilation, was followed by severe cold the last of extremity, and Searching to the butt. I madi 1 carefully at the March, whicii checked the rising sap, and form ■' ed it into wood, alburnum ; and when the spring " approached, in its proper season, and sot the sap •' in circulation ; it was obstructed and cotdd not " rise." First, the alburnum is formed by tlio de- scent of the sap. This may be stopped by girdling the plant, yet it don"t prevent the flowing. When stopped by this means the sap is ditViised through- out the brancli above the cut, so as to increase iti similar investigation of the diseased branches in Mr Secretary Bangs' garden, assisted by Isaac GooDWi.N Esq. the present occupant. In these, and other subsequent e.xaminations, no trace of an insect was to be found. It was apparent that the bark upon t!ie extremity of the diseased branches had become dry and adhered to the wood. In ap- proaching the healthy part it became less and less 0, with spots and stripes of a brownish colour. size until the wound is healed ; whieli, in a tlirifty I interspersed in the substance of the bark. A little tree or vine, will soon take place, and then the lower was to be discovered the discolouration of circulation goes on again as usual. So if the sum- 1 the .alburnum or sap-wood. The next cutting nier be very liot and dry, vegetation is suspended j would, in many cases, bring to view such an accu- for a time : — but abundant rains soon set the sap a flowfjjg again, and make vegetation as active as ever. My own opinion is that a corrupt state of the juices or sap of the tree, arising from excessive manuring, or from stagnant or putrid water near the roots ; or from other sources which we cannot easily trace, is the cause of tlie evil. I subjoin an extract from a writer of celebrity, and an extensive cultivator of fruits, which was published eighty years ago, on the subject in ques- tion, and ask your indulgence and that of the pub- lic for tills long and I fear tedious article. CULTIVATOR. Brookline, August 10, 1826. Extract fram DuhameVs Treatise on Fruit Trees. "The sap corrupted by stagnant or putrid water, or by the excess of manure, destroys or bursts the cpUiilp.r membrane, and extends itself between the woo'l and the bark, which it separates, and carries iti corroding influence in all directions like a gan- fjrene. Wlien it attacks the small branches, they fchould be cut off ; if it appears in the large l;ranol!es or the body of the tree, all the cankered parts must be cut out down to the soutid ivood, and the wound must be covered with compost. If the evil be caused by manure or stagnant water (for it may be prnduced by other causes) the old earth must be removed from the roots, and fresh soil put in its stead, and means taken to draw off the wa- ter from its roots. But if the disease has made much progress on the trunk, the tree is lost." [The above able article was intended for oar last, but came too late for insertion. — Editor.] DISEASE TN PEAR TREES. Mr Fessfnden — In the first No. and first page of Jour current volume, I noticed a communication from his Exc'y Gov. Lincoln upon the disease of Pear Trees, with the opinion of tlie Hon. Mr Low- ell, President of the Mass. Agr. Society, respect- ing its origin. Having lost two trees, and being anxious for the fate of the residue, I have used the utmost diligence to ascertain the cause, in order, if possible, to prescribe a cure. I had been in- formed, by a gentleman of Northampton, that the destruction of Pear Trees in that place was sup- posed to be occasioned by an insect, which made its lodgement in the wood ; but in what part of the tree thia unknown enemy was to be found, had not been ascertained. On the first discovery of the disease, (the present season being the first t^at t had noticed it,) or rather, after the leaves on the extremity of the branches had changed ^hejr hue from brown to black. I severed the limbs. mulation of vitiated sap as to cause a separation of the bark from the wood. The fluid had become perceptibly sour from stagnation ; and had given a tinge of the darkest brown to the wood, which it enveloped. Below this reservoir the wood and bark appeared in their natural healthy state. — Here I found it safe to sever the branch. That this was performed below the seat of the disease is evident from the appearance of new healthy shoots. So far as my observations have extended, trees bearing early fruit have received the greatest in- jury : and among these, the most thrifty, and such as are in the first year bearing. Those I lost were of this description. The destruction commenced on the branches containing fruit. Having never before noticed such an appearance of my trees ; and having never witnessed such an extraordinary season, I am led to the belief that the extreme heat, commencing in May, and followed by a long, exhausting drought was an obvious and sufficient cause of the blight. And subsequent appearances have confirmed mc in that opinion. A few apple- trees in my nursery suffered in the same manner. They are invariably those which stood under the margin of larger trees, where the ground had be- come most dry and heated by the reflection of the sun's rays. The exhaustion of the sap by the apli- ides, or plant lice produced the same appearan- ces on the points of the branches of the most re- cent growtli ; but the injury was not extensive. — Small portions of the quince tree frequently exhib- it a similar blight witii no other perceptible injury than the loss of a few inches of the branch with the fruit, which probably was the principal cause of its death. I have some knowledge of the depredations of the Oak pruner,having made a communication respect- ing its ravages in the New England Farmer, vol. iii No. 4. The disease in question, I am confident, is not imputable to that insect. Whatsoever may be the cause, I can prescribe no preventive course, nor a better remedy for the evil than an immed ate amputation of the diseased portions, covering the wound with a grafting composition, and trust ing to nature for renovation. Respectfully your obedient servant. Worcester Aug. 7, 182C. O. FISKE. tually took off about twelve feet of the main stei quite below the dead or dried part. The tree recovered and is now perfectly health although it was done two years since. Last yea and this year other trees were attacked and th same process taken with them and all recoveret The twigs should be cut early, close to the mai stem, and as soon as they begin to die — By time ly attention in cutting,tho main stem may be save — I now say confidently, that we need no longe look on and see all our fine pears disappear — M remedy is full and sufficient, although I could nt discover the cause that destroyed so many treei [In No. 1, vol. V. N. E. Farmer. I rejoice to se that our scientific president of the Mass. Agr. Sc ciety has detected the rogue and pointed out th remedy. Respectfully yours. T. P. Stockbridge, Augxisi 7, 1826. DISEASE IN PEAR TREES. T. G. Fessenden, Esq. — Some years since my pear trees were attacked by some concealed enemy which destroyed many of them. With a view to detect the rogue, I dug about the roots, cut off and searched the branches, without making any dis- covery.— All would not do, my trees died. I was no\v led to cut witji a bolder hand and ac* GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. W id* )tit III like The following very able and interesting articl was written by Dr. Coffi.n, of this City, in answe '" to a public letter addressed to him by the edito of the Journal of Education. The object ofdis cussion is very important, and is treated by Dr Coffin with an ability which is worthy the caus- ''J he advocates. [From the Boston ratriot.] To the Editor of the Journal of Education. Dear Sir — I have read with pleasure the pub lie letter with which you have honoured me.— Knowing the character and purpose of your dail efforts, I could not be induced lightly to regar any subject which had interested your own mine But I have other motives for sympathising wit you in the interest you feel for every thing con ducive to the improvement and elevation of th human being. I proceed accordingly, and at once, to answe your inquiries in the best manner I am able. When a number of gentlemen first met in Bos ton to confer on the expediency and practicabilit of establishing a Gymnastic School, it was soo found that the expediency of the measure was u nanimously admitted. The only remaining ques tion was, how shall it be carried into effect ? A committee was then chosen to ascertain if an" suitable piece of ground could be had whicl should be conveniently central and accessible.— No such spot having been found, it was though best to ask of the City Government the tempera ry use of a piece of land near the Common. Afte; some delay this petition was granted ; the place was however low, and required to be raised, en closed, and at a heavy expense, since wiiich the committee have been engaged in attempting tc raise the funds necessary to accomplish their end. The leading object of tlie individuals who have done most for this cause, has been, to demonstrate to the public, by evidence addressed to every man's sense, that discoveries and acquisitions of the Gymnasium, are quite as essential to the prosperi- ty and success of the individual and the State, as reading, writing, or any thing else, which one i man can teach, or another learn. They have hoped thus to induce the city au- tliorities to take the Gymnasium into their own hands, and to make its discipline a part of the com- mon system of education. Their generous views in the mean time have of necessity been limited, J by their resource I Vol. v.— No. 4. NEW ENGLAND 1 AKUIOIJ. 27 The friends of the measure, knowing that all lasses and descriptions of persons, some more, ke those yon name, and others less, but that «// ed the vivifying influence of this seminary, have hought that the only condition of entrance should e a decent nppcarance, becoming deportment, and ■ he ability to pay such fees of tuition as may be lierely sufficient to keep tlio institution in motion. There is something c.xhilirating and expansive n the movements and atmosphere of the Gymnas- um, and he whose ph.ns for its establishment are rss liberal and generous than this atmosphere, ■! out of place ; he should retire from a region . hich is not congenial,and in which he can never be t home. The very contemplation of the subject is nouiih to animate and enlarge the heart beyond he dimensions of any narrow purpose. This up- lard and elastic buoyancy has been fully perc-eiv- d by some of the anti-republican goverSments of Europe, wliich have of course discountenanced it, r put it down. This is consistent, lor who is so nwilling to submit to' unjust restriction as he who as become sensible of his own faculties of body nd miud, and been delighted with the innocent nd profitable exersise of them ? This surely hould endear the system to us, which, if once ,'ell rooted in this free and congenial soil, will ervade the American Union. The proper age is any where from si.x to sixty, nd if one older should apply, he would doubtless •e admitted from respect to his age and his en- erprise. At what age men cease to be invigora- «d and to become younger by the training of the lymnasium, I am not fully informed. — I only know or myself that in practising with the pupils of the Uonitorial School, I have been able to do on the •econd and third days what I could not perform on he first and second ; and I am as old at least as beDecIaration of Independence. We know, too, that whatever acquirements, lental or corporeal, one may have made at thirty, vill gradually and prematurely decline and disap- lear, tcithovt habitual, appropriate, and adequate I xercise. | The present prospect that the school will Mon be )pened, is mtich better than it has before been. j As to accidents, the probability of their occur- ence here is less than any where else. Why do leople meet with accidents ? Because they are nattentive, or attempt to do what they cannot per- orm ; and this arises from ignorance of their own acuities. Now the Gymnasium is precisely the place in which the gymnic is to obtain this knowl- nlj-e of himself, and the value of attention and . ircumspection. Courage and selfpossessiou are OSS natural than acquired endowments. Why is t that great and brave men so often feel weak, ind awkward and timid on new occasions ; It is because they are untried occasions, in which they arc ditlident of their strength ; they suspect danger v.itliout feeling a consciousness of being able to guard against or surmount it. Place a young man of tv.-enty, for instancCj^who is strong and not timid where he has ascertained his own resources, on a liorse, for the first time. If the animal is spirited and fond of motion, though perfectly manageable by a horseman, he will feel as helpless as an ini- fant, and be greatly frightened, and justly so, for he will be in constant danger of falling from the saddle at the risk of his limbs or life. Let the same young cavalier practise but a single week in the circus and he vv'ill mount the same horse perfectly •■\t his ease, and be without tl^e smallest peril or ap. prehension. It is the same in driving a coach, skating, swimming, navigating a boat, and every thing else. An individual who lias passed through the Gym- na..iiiui, is in any emergency, equal to two men, otlicrwise equal, in many instances, to a dozen. — He i.H, in the first place, perfectly sclfpossessed, he knows precisely how far to make attempts, because he knows what he can do. He lias learnt, too, by tlie education of his muscles and his senses, how to estimate the true state of any given case. Still while we are increasing our strength and flexi- bility, and learnin.r; their amount and how far we may safely trust them, it is undoubtedly requisite to proceed cautiously and gradually. " Line on line, precept on precept, here a little and there a little," is as good a lesson in gymnastics as in morals, and these are much more nearly allied than has been imagined. He who best compre- hends the structure, laws, and properties of the living system, will, other things being equal, be best qualified to exercise and improve it. It is intended that our school shall be placed under the general supervision of a number of trus- tees, one of whom is to be present while it is open. The gymnastic committee have not thought it ex- pedient to sell tickets, fearing tliat if any consider- able delay should occur in preparing the school, this measure might produce disappointment, and dissatisfaction. I doubt not, sir, that many of the young men of this city begin to think justly of the Gymnasium, and that their desire to enter it is consequently increasing. The commitee are not unmindful of their wishes, nor will they fail to make the earliest use of every means at their disposal, to gratify this laudable impatience to be in action. It has been reported, I am informed, that our cause had failed, or was about to fail. I appre- hend, sir, that this rumor will turn out to be neither history nor prophecy, but merely one of those premature and unfounded articles of intel- ligence with which some of our papers are so well disposed to amuse their readers. The recent ad- mission, in many intelligent and engaged minds, that physical culture is an indispensable part in any general and successful plan of education, is sufficient to secure its adoption. The parent who once realises the truth and importance of this fact, if consistent and faithful, will never be satisfied till his chilldren can avail themselves of this ben- efit. . Exactly as the true character and effects of the Gymnasium are understood, and correct notions about making perfect men and women prevail, pre- cisely in this ratio will our cause gain friends, advocates and patrons. With this rule before him, any one can judge of the justness and value of his own ideas on the great question of the best means of improving the race of beings to which he belongs. It is not a week since two proficients from a neighboring " field of action," full of the art and science we cherish, came to inquire if the at- tempt to set up a Gymnasium in Boston had failed; for if so they were ready and disposed to raise and conduct a private one at their own expense. The palaestra is a very productive sort of sem- inary,— one good one will every year send forth fifty teachers qualified to conduct as many more. It remains to speak of a Gymnasium for females. I am happy to find that you have deemed the sub- ject worth attention. Can it be supposed that a well formed body, that good health, a vigorous and cultivated intuUocl, and well disposed atl'ec- tions, are sexual piopt'rlies, av.d all of one gender; or that tliese treasures can be pos.scssed without an ellort to secure them f Is it nothing to the son that he inherits all these blessings from his moth- er, instead of a sickly, crooked frame, imbecile mind, and a morbid, restless irritability,neither per- mittiug him to be happy in himself nur to derive any alleviation of his wretchedness from the hap- piness around him ? The exercises of tliie Gymna- sium are numerous and diversified, and from these may be selected such as shall be sufficient to give selfpossessiou, firm nerves and muscles, courage and adroitness, which, without diminishing, can only multiply and improve those attractions, moral and physical, which make woman what she is in her best estate. What is man worth beyond what he can do and enjoy ? If we would reap, then, let us also sow. — " The means are ours, the end to God belongs." Every man, according to his talents, pursuits and affections approximates more or less nearly an angel above, or a demon below. A Gymnasium for females is tontemplated. Those who have not examined this subject will be ready to ask, why all tiiis zeal and earnestness about the care of the body .' I answer — The al- lowable gratifications of sense are certainly worth something. This will be conceded, and I am by no means inclined to lessen the value of the admis- sion— temperance being always the truest luxury. But the animal system derives its chief value from its direct assistance to the mind and the heart. The body should be trained to a love Vjf labour, to habits of temperance and moderate in- dulgence, to patience and firmness in privation, to a prompt and cheerful obedience to the dictates of a well furnished mind, and a sound moral sense. — To secure this result, the entire being, animal, moral, and mental, must be instructed and disci- plined together, simultaneously, in harmony and proportion. When the more just principles which now begin to predominate, shall prodiice their full operation in our schools, male andfemale,«we shall see results incomparably superior to what humau society has yet exhibited. A well directed Gymnasium will always be a school as much for courtesy, kindness, magnanimi- ty, and good manners, as for muscular develope- ment, force and skill. The new energies which are here awakened and matured, are to be preserved and put forth in acts of benevolence and courage in the discharge of our social duties. Not having sufficient space in this communica- tion, which is already too long, to adduce the facts and evidence on which my assertions and convic- tions rest, I expose myself to the charge of being visionary and presumptuous ; be it so. I submit to the decision of Time, which, if I mistake not, is about to pronounce a verdict, neither equivoctl] nor remote. In the mean time, I do not perceive that there is any more wisdom or sagacity in dis- crediting what is true, than in believing what is false. May your good labors be seconded and sustain- ed till a rich harvest is gathered which shall re- ward and bless alike the cultivators and proprie- tors of the soil. J. G. COFFIN. Mr Weston of New York has invented ink of various brilliarit colours ; red, blue, black, &c. — For fanciful writing it is beautiful. 28 NEW ENGLAND PARMER. August T^. 18-%. EXTRACTS FrtOAI AN ADDREfJS, Delivered before the Rhode Island Sucieij for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry, hy IVilliain ffunicr.^— Continued from page 31. My simple object is, under existing- circumstan- ces, antl which ! presume are probably pennaaeiit, to induce men of education and property to be- come farmers, and farmers under a'l circumstan- ces, permanent or temporary, to become men of education and knowledge, especially as regards -their own all important profession and occupation. My simple tliou^rht is, that men of knouleuge, jihould by it make or increase capital. I have ventured to assert that we Iiave arrived at the proper point for an improved course of Agricult- ure. I have admitted that to be an improved, it ought to be a profitable course — but I do not mean by that, profitable by the racking exertions of a single year upon a single crop. This is too much like our present folly and practice, except that we now rack without capital — tliat is, witliout adequate manure, labour, and skill. I moan profit- able by the average crop upon a suitable plan of rotation, of six, five, or four years, leaving the soil ameliorated, and the average profit fur cither of these years greater than it could be by an iaiitten- tion to this process, or to the greater exhaustions of a single year. The preparative year will be expensive in its outlay, but even taken singly more profitable in its result than a single year of present mismanagement, This plan means the use of a suitable capital at first, but with a certain- ty not only of compound interest, but with an in- creasing rate of interest each year. It means *hc employment of capital on your best land. We have scratched over too much. Reserve your force for what will reward. Let land of the second rate except in the vicinity of large and increasing towns, continue in pasture. Supply the third rate with plontations of timber trees. You never need despair when the bleakest and most barren regions of tke Highlands of Scotland, vhere Dr. Johnson in his journey could not see a tree, are returning thousands and tens of thous- ands of profit in this mode. Never cultivate a poor and ungrateful soil at a great expense, un- less price will justify it. It is the natural tendency of the advanced periods of society of a scarcity of new unbroken soil, of thriving manufactures, of an active Commerce, of a rapid circulation of money, grounded on a solid capital, and directed by principles of responsible credit, and above all by a condensed population, pressing hard upon subsistence, and aroused to over activity by foreign war, to call the poorer poils into action by stimulus of enormous price. Tliis is not our case. It has been that of England. Let our poorer soils not be the material of our first experi- ments in our new Agriculture. I venture to aver, that we have land as fit for the highest Agricul- ture recommended, as any anywhere. The Delta of Egypt, the vallies of the Duchy of Milan and a few other spots, the favourites of nature and climate excepted. The whole belt of the Narra- ganset bay — the whole of Rhode Island proper — the Islands of Prudence and Conannicut — the whole township of Bristol — present as strong a natural soil as any in the region. There is hardly any tract of land in England of this extent, con- containing so few acres unfit for tillage, or other jroper proportionate husbandry. The foundation of our new system must be for the most part the .'sheep tearing system. It is the true source of h British ai;ricultural wealth. Sheep make perhaps the most considerable part of the flesh food of Britain, and wool is the material of that great manufacture, with which, in spite of zealous com- petition she mostly supplies the rest of the world. The necessity and profit of raising sheep, induced the English farmers to study early the best means ' of success in this business, and led to llieir turnip , and esculent root system, or the preparatory crop, ' to their rotation crops, to their drill husbandry, in short taken in its connexion and affinities, to their agricultural advancement — I liked to have said peri'ection. , There are single counties in England that clip annually tiventy millions of pounds of wool. The proJuce of tlio whole kingdom almost surpasses belief. It exceeds a hundred millions of pounds taken from forty millions of sheep. It is now the period(our Merino mania having settled into sobrie- ty, and our National Legislature having afforded a fair degree of protection to the manufacture of wool,) to attend to tliis-true source of Northern thrift and prosperity. Recollect, that you do not merely cultivate a field of cotton, herap, or flax, that feeds only the loom, but you rear up an animal that while living feeds the loom^ and by his loss of life supplies tlie tannery and taWe, and who while living restores to the earth all he takes from it. It is a settled fact, and more easily explainable, that the Merino bree.i improves in this country. It is consolatory to be assured that the prohibitions of England as to the importation of Sheep have been evaded, and are as to us now nugatory. Some of the best of the Bakewell breed, are already in the country, yielding credit and profit :o their patriot- ic importers in the State of New York Several importations of the tine Saxon breed have been recently sold at Boston ; and a new breed, a cross of the Tecswater and Merino, which proves to be inestimable, both as to carcass and wool, and per- haps on the whole better fitted for our country than any other, has rewarded the exertions of Mr Featherstoncliaugh, of Duanesburgh, New York. The name of this gentleman suggests to me the remark that it is gratifying to find that character, celebrity, a pure and solid fame, can be derived from Agricultural pursuits, and the literature that fits, adorns, and explains them. It is delightful to discover that we can indulge in the emotions of gratitude towards men v,-ho are not agitating politicians ; and that another class is rising up in the land, who are deserving of estimation, and challenging notice, without the additional merit of figuring as venal intriguers, demagogues, local philanthropists, and the people's exclusive friends. The papers of the gentlemen I have named, and the addresses of Mr Van Rensselaer, in the two volumes of the memoirs of the Board of Agricul- ture of New York, (volumes combining as much of useful and original matter, and judicious selec- tion, as any two our country, or any other, ever produced, on the subjects we are now discussing,) are wortliy, speaking the language of condensed encomium, of Arthur Young or Curwen ; and are worth to a nation, a thousand times more than the letters of Junius, or the satires of Churchill, ex- quisite as they are. Embark, then proprietois. — You who are gentlemen of estate and education. — You whose views have been extended by literature — by travels at home and abroad — embark in this now and patriotic employment, which seems so "profuse of good, so pregnant with delight." Ap- ply capital and knowledge — p«sh forw«r-d competition for the proud distinction ot Lliuj hailed as the best farmer in the land ; nay, the bes. - patriot. For, according to the definition of a clas !(•''' sical autlicrity, " he is the best who occasions fou' I* blades of grass to grow where two grew before.' (* And you practical farmers — men of good sense— #i' of sound Yankee acuteness and faculty, look on — (ft* observe the practice of these men wlio have reat ii* the books, and seen the fields of foreign Agrii ie,« culturists. — Observe them with a close, but un« ini envying, unsneering scrutiny. If successful, re ^'^ joice in their success, and imitate and improvi iiiii their modes of cultivation. If unsuccessful, do no bk sneer or reproach. You are saved from harm, ant. t-»t have the benefit of the beacon without the exi »ri pense ef building or lighting it. ifa But, say the practical farmers, we are at a loss' "' we are overwhelmed by magnificent assertion,-an« '' astounded by miraculous results, contradictory tf, "" our experience, and transcending our speculai "' tions. VVe are necessarily distrustful ; we are ig| •" norant even of the language of this new science *' When it is used by scholars, we find it abstrac '" and technical — labouring at the precision oi ™ chymistry. And when used by practical Englisl ^ artd ;S' oti'li farmers, in the thousand memoirs anc " reports they have been encouraged to present ta " the public, we find it frequently provincial, bar- 'S barous, and unintelligible. We are frightenecM *' even at the facts which incontestible proofs com- '"' pel us to believe. We hear, with a kind of dis- ' : may, tliat a thousand bushels of lime have beei used, and profitably used, upon a single acre o land in Derbyshire. That more than a thousani guineas have been given for the use of a singh ram, of the Bakewell breed, for a single season. — Tliat upwards of two thousand bushels of turnip.- per acre, is a full, but hardly an extraordinary crojj- Our farmers cannot deny these things ; but thej believe them as most do the dark dogmas of a sterr theology, or the subtle tlieories of enigmatical met- aphysics. They pioduce no effect upon life or prac- tice. It is not that con\iction and conversion : tha " engrafting of the word that bringoth fortli th( fruits of gonl living." It is tke more judicious meth- od to indicate useful beginnings, based upon admit- ted and comprehended principles, than to be alwayj appealing to da-'.-.ding results, and to a pcrfectioE unattainable by the mere ardency of hope, or ex- travagance of single eftbrt. Our course, I repeat it, must be gentle, gradual, progressive, persua- sive. You would stupify a student of arithmetic, or of elementary mathematics, if you were to di- rect his attention at once to the Principia of NeWr ton, or the profound demonstrations of La Place. ) The pallet and the pencil would fall from the ' hands of the young artist, to whom were pointed out the glories of Michael Angclo, or Raphael, as the models he was to imitate and surpass; he Wouli! j be blinded by the excess of light ; he would deein himself barred by impossibility. The intenseness of his own unintelligent -admiration would chill the gonial current of his soul, and transfix him, as by Ian icebolt, tlie statue of in.Iolence and despair. i In regard to Ihe scientific language of Agricul- j ture, tlie diffi'-ulty is not great, or would not long continue. It is true there is an over-tendency in di- 1 dactic writers of the present day, to generalizatiou I and abstraction. Tlie learned seem ambitious to , write only for the learned. But a mere technical 1 faculty of being understood by each other, is but half the duty or merit of writers win aim at gen- 1 eral good, or aspire to general fame. But farme'rs i. V._Ko. 4. NEW ENGLAND FAUMRJt. 29 Jist iu>t bo intiniiJated by liard words — thoy will a Uttlo study discover that apparent pedantry is ;qiuiitly compensated by usct'ul precision. It 11 not lake them long to discover that silicious ;ans flinty, aliiininous clayey, oxygen pure, and )te foul air. They would find that without some H'ision of terms, the composition of soils and nures, a most important department of .\gricul- •e, couUl never be intelligibly explained. We ; told by Arthur Young, that in some parts of wland any loose clay is called iiiarl,in others marl called chalk — and in others clay is called loam, is confusion of terms necessarily limits the ben- :s of expericni. p,enibarrasses communication and ards improvement. As to the provincialisms of plications, English and Scotch, they are, it must confessed, disgusting and vexatious. But it uld not be very difficult to translate them into ! universal English idiom, which I truly and ludly assert to be the language of our own mtry. On the important and interesting sub- 1 t3 of morals and theology, we distribute gratis, cts and essays,which, undoubtcdly,have had the leficial effect of rousing the thoughtless to re- ;tion, the careless to attention. In a less holy not inconsistent zeal,why should we not in ref- Ince to a great temporal interest,like\vise distri- e gratis short tracts, condensed essays, the best jur own publications, or reprints from tlic best _breign countries, upon the all-important subject Agriculture. GARDExN OF PLANTS, 'rom one of the recent letters of Mr. Carter, the ior editor of the New- York Statesman, we se- the following interesting description of the ^brated Garden of Plants in Paris : JVat. Jour. rossing the beautiful bridge of Austerlits which he uppermost over the Seine, opposite Paris, the arches of which are of cast iron, we ar- d at the Royal Garden of Plants, on the left k of the river. It is one of the greatest orna- its of the French metropolis, and merits more ntion than I can bestow upon it in this stage protracted sketch. It is chiefly indebted for nestimable treasures, as well as for the beauty ;s design, to the eflbrts of the celebrated Buftbn. ier, Hany,' and Humboldt, scarcely less dis- •uished in their respective departments of natu- science, have followed the footsteps of their at predecessor, and made this museum every ig which either science or taste can require. — tudent might pass not only days, but months years to advantage, in the gardens, the halls, schools comprised within tliis great temple of are. It contains a botanic garden, a menagerie, luseum of natural history and anatom}', togeth- vith numerous apartments, in which public lec- 3S are delivered. These several compartments all upon a large scale, and rendered as com- te as possible ; whence some idea of the extent he whole establishment may be obtained. The location of the Garden of Plants is admira- , not only in point of soil and other advantages, of natural scenery and picturesque beauty. — iroad and magnificent esplanade opens from the ik of the Seine, rising by a gentle acclivity to- rds the south, and ])resenting a full view ofth° Is of the farther extremity. Above these, n irming spiral walk uscends to the top of an emi- ice of consi lerablo altitude, overlooking the gar- i,and commandiug an extensive prospect of Paris and its environs. Uelow, the Seine rolls cpiiotly on beneath its numerous bridges, and by its splen- did palaces. The eloping sides of the hill are beautifully siiailcd with forest trees and evergreens, sucli ns love a mountainous country. Among these, tlie most conspicuous is a veteran cedar of Leba- non, planted by the celebrated botanist Jussian, who.-je system of classification has been adopted in the arrangement of the plants. His favourite exo- tic from the Holy Land lost its head during the stormy period of the Revolution, the monarch of the woods sharing a common fate with the sove- reign of the nation. It was subsequently in danger of being' cut down, to boil the camp-kettles of the Cossacks. The allied armies had the barbarity, (almost equalling that of their ancestors,) to threat- en to bivouac!; in this splendid garden ; and nothing but the spirited remonstrances of Baron Humboldt prevented a measure, which would have rendered it a scene of desolation. Half way up the eminence, beneath the over- arching branches of a copse of trees, is a bust of Linntcus, the presiding genius of the place, and near it the solitary grav« of one of his disciples. — The former was liurled from its base, amidst the wanton excesses of the Revolution, but has since been restored. On the summit of the hill rises a little Grecian temple, supported by eight pillars, and furnished tith seat« around the circumference, where visitants may rest. It lias a sun-dial on the top, accompanied with a lens, by which a gun is discharged at 13 o'clock. A Latin motto states, that the hours pass unnumbered, token (he skies are not serene. Tlie botanic Garden contains upwards of seven thousand plants, which are all classed and label- led. Tliey are arranged in beds bordered with a box and other shrubs, exhibiting not less taste than scientific accuracy. The Seine afibrds every fa- cility for watering the garden, and supplies little lakes for the cultivation of aquatic plants. A range of green-houses six hundred feet in length, and furnishing every variety of artificial climate, runs through the grounds. Besides the ordinary ap- pendages of a Botanic Garden, the visiter here finds some striking peculiarities, such as specimens of difierent soils and manures, alTording compara- tive estimates of their fertility — models of the various kinds of fences and hedges — a kitchen garden containing all sorts of vegetables, used for food in any country — and samples of all descrip- tions of fruit trees, vv'ith the best mode of training them. These valuable appendages render the Garden of Plants not less serviceable to the prac- tical purposes of agriculture and horticulture, than to the abstract science of botany. The menagerie far exceeds in every respect the shows of animals in the tower of London. A nu- merous congregation of the animal kingdom is here assembled from the four quarters of the world. — The collection of beasts is rare as well as exten- sive ; and the aviary contains all the variety of birds to be found in Jrance. Most of these ten- ants of the Garden, instead of being imprisoned in gloomy and dirty cells, as in the Royal Menagerie of England, have little territories of their own, ornamented with real chatteaux, and surrounded with those natural localities, which they are fond of frequenting in their wild state, rendering the loss of their freedom less intolerable. We saw- boars climbinff large trees, such as they are wont to ascend in forests, herds of deer gamboling in little la*ns, and partridges secreting themselves amidst their favourite evergreens. These uppur- tonunces have a tendency to preserve the natu- ral habits of the animals, and to exhibit theqi to the best possible advantage. The museum of Natural History is such an ex- tensive establishment, that a mere description of the several compartments without entering at all into detail, would exceed the limits of this sketch.' Suffice it to say, that every object in the three kingdoms of nature, w hicli can furnish illustrations of science, or data for philosophical researches, is here to be found exactly in its place, arranged ac- cording to the best systems extant. In short, a student may pursue his investigations here with as much certainty of the facts, and with more fa- cility of examining materials, than he could by any actual visit to their localities. The result of the labors of many eminent men during their whole lives, in making collections and arranging them, is here seen at one view ; and speculative theories may at once be brought to the test of truth. Of the numerous departments, we were most pleased with those containing the organic remains of ani- mals and vegetables, whence Couvier drew the materials of his wotk on geology. The cabinets of human and comparative anatomy are also ex- tremely interesting, every point of analogy of dis- crepancy between the structure of man and the in- ferior tribes of creation. The establishment has a large library, embrac- ing nearly every work in natural science, that has been published in any language, age or country. Lectures open to the public, and free of all ex- pense, are statedly given in the ampitheatre, on all the subjects connected with the institution. — They are well attended, and have a most saluta- ry influence, by diff"using the institutions of able professors through all classes of the community. The Garden of Plants belongs to the government, and is supported at an annual expense of more than $.50,000 giving employment to about 200 per- sons. NEW PRINTING PRESS. We have seen in operation, says the Boston Trav- eller, at the office of the News Letter, Merchants' Hall, a newly invented, cast-iron, lever press, which we tliink deserves the attention of the brethren of the type and men of science generally. Mr D. Phelps of this city is the inventor, and in connexion with Messrs Baker and Greele of the New England Type Foundery, is manufacturing them for the supply of the trade. This press acts on the principle of compound leverage, and in the structure of the several parts is more simple and equally effective with those hitherto held in the highest estimation. For durability, neatness and uniformity of impression and the diminution of la- bour it is not sujpassed by any other yet invented. The proprietors have determined upon giving it the name of the ' JVew England Press.' SILK. Mr John Fitch of Man3field,Conn. estimates that one acre of full grown mulberry trees, sot one and a half rods apart, will produce annually 40 pounds of silk, which is now worth So per pound,or -$200 per acre. He calculates the labour of attending to the worms, picking off the balls, and reeling the silk at 880, and tlio spinning of the silk at $34 — making the whole expense of an acre ^114 an4 leating $80 for the nstt proceeds. The principal 30 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. August 18, 1826. part ot'tiioltiijoai may be performed Dy women and children. The quantity of silk manufactured in Mansfield in 1825, was about 300 pounds, valued at $15,000. The last year was not considered an average one ; the extreme hot weather killed a great many worms. We learn from the "Bulletin dcs Sciences" that the British East India Company first planted mul- berry trees in Bengal, and encouraged the culture of silk worms, about the year 1780 ; and that the business has so much extended in that province that the export of silk for some years past has been not far from a million of pounds annually. In 1821 the quantitycxported was 1,057,000 pounds- NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 18, 1826. THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL REPOSITORY. The last number of this Journal has just come to hand. It contains valuable original articles from the pen of Mr. Lowell, and judicious selec- tions from various sources. The following are its contents. " The raising of the Silk Worm, and the pro- duction of Silk in Massachusetts. " On the change, or the supposed change in the character of Fruits, by the farina of other varieties of the same Fruits, in the same year in which the intermixture is made. " Some remarks on the destructive powers of ihe Rose Bug. " On tlie longevity, or duration of varieties of Fruits. "Review of the third volume of the " Memoirs of the Board of Agriculture of the State of New- \ork. " Betached hints from the New-York Agricul- uiral Journal with remarks. " On the effect of stirring the surface of the Earth, as a relief against drought." We shall take the liberty to transplant the last article without further delay into our field. We think that it settles a disputed and important point in husbandry in the manner and on the basis which good husbandmen could wish it might be established. The theory we think is correct, in- genious, well illustrated, and confirmed by the on- ly conclusive test actual experiment. ^N THE EFFECT OF STIRRING THE SUR- FACE OF THE EARTH, AS A RELIEF AGAINST DROUGHT. This is a trite subject, and one, which we are aware has been long since settled by intelligent cultivators in all countries. It is very familiar to gardeners, and the cause of the superior produc- tion of gardens over field culture may be attribut- ed in part to the more frequent application of the hoe and the spade. Yet it is true, that a -very great number of farmers deny the proposition, and disapprove the practice. They think it dangerous to plough and hoe, in the time of extreme drought and heat, while our own experience of 20 years has convinced us, that it is much superior as a remedy, against drought than watciing in the lim- ited manner, in which that must always be applied. There has never been a season in our memory in which there was a greater necessity for tlie appli- cation of all remedies against drought than the preser.t. The drought was not only of loDcer du- ration, but it took place, when plants were the least able to resist it, not having sent their roots in quest of nourishment far, wide, and deep. The early foliage, also, is more tender, and more liable to wilt under a scorching sun and a drying wind. In this extraordinary season, I had a small patch of early potatoes planted in a warm and sandy soil purposely to procure an early crop ; the soil was, at least, three quarters pure sand, mixed with some food for plants among the sand. The severe drought threatened a total loss of the crop. The persuaded, that every farmer will find that t potatoe stalks were feeble, drawn up, scarcely larger than goose quills, and I expected every day to see them wither; all hopes of a crop were a- bandoned. I thought, that they were the fair sub- ries, I always distrust them, I look only to tactf and having observed that a slight covering of ha an inch of sea weed would preserve my strawbel ries from drought, which can only arise from i| lying so loose on the surface, I have been led | infer, that the undoubted /act, that soil in a loci pulverized state resists drought, is owing to tt same caust, to wit, the slowness with which t i heat of the solar rays is communicated to t l roots. But be the theory sound, or unsound, I si free use of his plough, and hoe, in times of seveB drought, will be of more value to him than u much manure, as that labour would purchase. ^ have been always convinced from my expericn jects of a desperate experiment. On one of the ' as an horticulturist, that the great secret of cul hottest, and driest days, I gave them a thorough ■ vation consists in making the soil porous, ploughing, passing the plough four times, through ' raising exotic plants, we know it to be true, ai eaeh row ; first ploughing two furrows from the ' our flower pots are always supplied with soil, t hills, as near the roots as possible, without throw- j most porous, which we can obtain. The fariri, ing out the seed potatoes, and then returning the ' may borrow light from an occupation, which ,; loam, or earth, instantly back by two other fur- looks upon with disdain, but which serves to elu- rows. No rain intervened for ten days. In three date and e.xplain the secrets of vegetation. J. L days after, the potatoes changed their colour, they started afresh, as if they had received the benefit of ample showers, while not a drop of rain had fallen. The dews, which were abundant, settled upon the new turned earth, while, beforo the ploughing, no moisture had been apparent. The last fact, though it cannot have escaped the notice of the most careless cultivator, has not been as yet explained. We can easily sec, that a soil, rendered porous, would more readily and easily convey its moisture to the roots. It becomes, like a sponge, and is readily permeable, or rather read- ily permits tlie moisture to pass between its parti- cles. But it is not yet understood, why it attracts the moisture. Perhaps, however, this may be ow- ing to its presenting a much greater surface to the moist air of the night. The fact, however, which is what most concerns us, is settled. Per- haps some of the experiments of our distinguished countryman, Dr. Wells, a physician of London, who rendered himself distinguished by his remarks on dew, may tend to explain this fact, though it is not my purpose, now to examine the theory. Every man, who feels an interest in the ques- tion, can satisfy himself, at once, by stirring a small piece of earth, in a time of severe drought, and if he does not find it in the morning more fill- ed with moisture, than tbff undisturbed ground in its vicinity, let him continue a disbeliever. But there is another mode, and it is one, wliich I have never seen suggested, by which I appre- hend the stirring of the surfaee, and making it PRESERVATION OF CUCUMBERS FQli PICKLES. Mr Fessendf.n — In your first number of I present volume, page 3, a query is made as to 1 best mode of preserving cucumbers for pickles. The writer of this does not pretend that he 1 found out the best method ; but will state a pr tice that has given satisfaction to himself ! friends. Put cucumbers immediately after ga ering them into a tight, clean barrel, with a si ciency of salt, when melted to cover them. In same manner proceed till the barrel is filled, h ing salt with every additional parcel, and keepi the cucumbers immersed in the pickle ; for suffered to float will rot immediately. When pi* les are wanted for use, take a sufficient quant" put them in a clean barrel or tub, in a cool, but a freezing place, and pour tlirce times the qua ty of boiling water to them, and let them st twenty-four hours. Then pour off this water, add as much more boiling hot. Proceed in same way a third time, and the cucumbers wilttfP"' green, plump and hard, and fit for the vinegar other seasoning. H. C. in the query alluded to above, compU '"I that cucumbers preserved in salt, soften in fqi ening. This is true, when only warm, instead boiling hot water is used, and perhaps they left standing in a warm place, and the water changed. Either of tiiese errors will injure pickles. The writer of this has practised pickling cue light and porous, is beneficial iin great droughts, hers as above, upwards of twenty years : and It is this ; light porous bodies are bad conductors of heut; perhaps because they have more air be- tween their interstices. The facts are familiar to us. Metallic bodies acquire an intense heat under the rays of the sun, so do stones in proportion to their density. The earth, when very compact, will become exceedingly hot. but garden loam, which is very porous, remains cool at noon day, two inches below the surface. I believe, tlieru- fore, that moving the surface, and keeping it in a light and porous state, enables it to resist tite heat of the sun's rays, that the air betvveen the parti- cles of earth communicates the heat more slowly, than the particles themselves do, when in close contact. 6t do. Saxony Electoral, V WOOL. 100 do. Spanish ) This Wool may be examined on and after the of Sept. until tht- day of sale. COOLIDGE, POOR k HEAD, Aucl. July PATENT HOES.— J. & A. Fale's latent Hoes. stantly for sale by French & Weld, 31 & 32 _ Market St., and French & Davenport 713 WashiB Street, who are appointed sole agents for rendini same. epif. Boston, April ?C. ID" n Q-T-Piiliishefi eveiv Friday at 1 hree Dollars peM Inum, payable at th( end of the year— but those „ , '. T 7~- , - 7i~ r 1 n procure^iiv responsible subscifll rouglv who were afflicted with that troublesgme , ^^^ entitled to a tixlh volume gratis. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Published by John B. Russi-.ll at the corner of Conoross ami I/inJall Streots. — Tiioiia.s G. FksskndkiN, Eiiitor. VOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 25. 1826. NO. 5, ORIGINAL PAPERS. PEACH TREE INSECT. Mr Fesse>den — Although much has beenwrit- 1 respectiug the insect which attacks the roots our peach trees, it may not be amiss to remind ur readers that this is the time to guard against uccession of the evil. The works in which this ect is described may not be accessible to all ; a ort account, therefore, of what is known res- tinor it, is offered to you for publication in your eful paper. Dne of the first writers who described the peach e insect, was the late Dr. Benj. Smith Barton, celebrated botanist, and Professor of Natural story, in the University of Pennsylvania. In memoir on various destructive insects,* which tained the Magellanic premium, in 1806, from Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, this in- ct is called Zyg.ena Persic^. He also men- ned it to M. Lacepede, in a letter published in Uoch's Philosophical Magazine, XXII. p. 208 ; d this letter is quoted by Kirby &, Spence, in first volume of their Introduction to Entomol- . Dr Barton had observed this insect as early the year 1799, and mentioned it in his Frag- nts of Natural History, page 24, note 2d ; but ed respecting the order to w'hich it belongs. — bseqiiently he corrected this error by placing it the genus ZyCiEN.*, amongst the Lepidoptera, order which contains the butterflies, hawk- ths, and moths. Linna;us would have consid- ;d it as a hawk-moth, or SruiNX ; but this g'^- 3 having been repeatedly subdivided, our peach- sect is now to be arranged in the family fGiSiDiE of Leach, and genus jEgeeia of Fab- :ius. It is the jEgeria emtiosa of Prof. Say, d was scientifically described by him for Mr orth's paper in the Journal of the Acad. Natu- l Sciences, vol. iii. part 1, page 216 ; and after- uris in the second volume of Prof. Say's Ameri- ffl Entomology. From these works some ex nets w ill be made, and your readers are also re Med to the American Farmer, vol. vi. p. 14, 37, »4, and 401, for remarks made by Mr Wni. Shot- jU, Mr Evan Thomas, Jr., Dr J. Smith, and Mr juben Ilaynos. The presence of this insect is detected by the ■zing of gum from the trunk, close to the ground, id if this be removed, together with a small por- in of the bark, the larva will be exposed, lying xt to the wood, and cufved laterally in a cres- nt form. I have taken them from the trees in ebruary, of various sizes, and in full vigor. T nipts tlic returning sap vessels, causing tlie tree to bleed ; and the gum to ooze at the wound. After it has ceased feeding, the caterpillar con- structs a cocoon of a brown colour, and oblong oval shape, composed of castings of the bark ce- mented by glutinous, silky fibres. In this it takes on the chrysalis form, and remains till near the middle of July. Some cocoons, liowever arc form- ed successively later, and the chrysalis state is, of course, proporlionably protracted. After re- peated efforts the chrysalis perforates its cocoon at the upper end, and contrives, by means of sev- eral bands of teeth which arm its back, and the spires wliich surround its tail, to thrust itself about half way out of the cocoon : the skin then bursts on the head, and the perfect insect e.xtri- cates itself from its slough. The two se.xes differ exceedingly from each other ; so much so, as at one time to have deceiv- ed Dr Barton. He having first described this insect, the name which he has imposed has the priority, and must be retained. MaKKiApersicw, male — wings transparent, mar- gin and nervures dark blue ; body, steel blue ; tail bearded, the beard tipped with white ; legs blue, with the joints golden yellow. Female — steel blue ; anterior wings opaque, posterior ones. e.\f ept the margins and nervures, transparent ; body with a saffron coloured band across the mid- dle. Length of the body about 3 quarters of an inch. The female is much more robust than the male. This insect I first obtained in the perfect state in July 1823, and sent a description of it to Hon. John Lowell. It is a remarkable coincidence that the name which I then gave it, is the same as that given by Dr Barton, although I was then un- acquainted with his account of it. I also obtained a specimen of the male from an e.xcrescence on the trunk of a cherry tree, and have frequently ob- served the larvE m those tubercles which deform the limbs of that tree. The females deposit their eggs in the month of August on the trunk of the peach tree, near the root; the eggs are soon hatched, and the larva im ing in the use of the knife ; a piece of wire v. ill often answer the purpose quite as well, and doe? not wound the burk. Mr Worlli recommends, besides searching itt July for the insect, to surround the trunk with tow, or a strip of hide with the hair on, six inches wide, the hair aide next the tree, but turned over at top, and the skin covered at tlie bottom wil'i earth. The bandage to be removed about th" middle of Ke])teinber, and the tree to be brushed with soft soap or lime-wash. He suggests that a decoction of tobacco, or even hot water, might answer. Mr W. mentions other remedies which have been proposed, such as tanner's bark, aiid flour of sulphur placed round the roots ^boxing the trunk, and filling with ashes, sand, &.c. ; hill- ing the earth around it in summer, laying bare the roots in winter ; but states that most of these, methods are ineffectual from being applied at im- proper times ; and that the covering and subse- quent exposure of the roots is decidedly injuri- ous. Mr Gilliams derived great advantage from plac- ing cinders of coal ashes around the roots, after the earth had been removed. This plan hi.; been I'ound very beneficial to the trees of a friend of mine in this vicinity. Mr Skinner recommends cleaning the trees, and then putting a layer of lime-mortar half an inch thick around them. ^_ Mr Thomas removed the earth down to the lat- eral roots, coated the trunk with a composition made of two Larts of fresh cow dung, and one part of leachcf a.;hcs, to every galioii of which aie to be added a handful of ground plaster, and water enough to form the whole into a thick paste. — Over this coat is to be wound a strip of canton matting, from six to twelve inches in width, one half of which is to be above and the other beneath the surface of the ground. Mr Thomas says that there are two periods in each year assigned for the production and re-pro- duction of these insects. The eggs deposited in July producing the perfect insect towards the end mediately penetrate beneath the bark. Some eggs are laid ,as late as the last of September. The precautions which I would recommend are to remove the earth around the roots, carefully to search it and the trees for any cocoons or larvaj which may exist there, which should be crushed or burned. This operation should be commenced early in this month. Then cover the trunk with the common composition, or wash, and surround it with coarse paper, such as is used for sheathing, nib or more properly caterpillar,^ ^l"^ ,^ reddish | _^^^ ^^.j^.^j^ ^^ manufactured from junk, or old cord- age. This is to be properly secured by strings of Canton matting, and should extend two or three inches below the surface of the ground and 6 or 7 inches above it. Mortar may now be placed round the roots so as (o confine the paper, and prevent access beneath it, and the remaining cavity filled with fresh loam. The strings may be removed after the winter commences ; in the spring the tree should again be searched for any of the larva? which may have escaped at first, and the applica- tion of composition and loam be renewed. 1 In getting out the caterpillar we should be spar- Ihite colour, with a brown head, 10 legs: and is the body covered with a few minute hairs. — [r Worth says, that ' it commences its operations Dout the last of September, entering the tro9 a ttle below the surface of the ground, w'.^ere the irk is tender ; it cuts through the bark, passes ownwards into the root, then returns upwarls, nd reaches the surface by the beginning of June jUowing.' It feeds on the liber, or inner bark, nd on the albunium or new wood, and thus intcr- of October ; and the eggs which these leave oo the trees produce larvje in April, which accom- plish their final transformation in July. Hence lie recommends searching the trees about the end of April or the beginning of September. From my own observation I find, that, in this part of the country, although there are several broods pro- duced by a succession of hatclies, there is but one rotation of metamorphoses consummated with- in a year. Hence larva? of all sizes will be found throughout the year, although it appears necessa- rv that all of them, whether more or less advanc- ed, should pass through one winter before they ap- pear in the perfect state. THADDEUS W. HARRIS. Mitt on, August 12, 1826. ' Dr Mease has published aa extract from this Me- SORREL. Mr Fessendejj — In the " Economical Memo- randa" of the N. E. Farmer, of July 14, I notice the following — " Lime will destroy sorrel. Sorrel is acid ; lime is an alkaline earth ; ergo the latter will destroy the former." Pardon me for doubting the correctness of this 34 NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. Augustas, Irtvtb-- 'i^ inference * as 1 «o also a similar one, which, three [ these to my wheat field, which at this time dis- vears since, I heard the then President of the ! covers their good effects,— and this season a large Hillsborough Agricultural Society undertake to ! growth of sorrel has taken exclusive possession ot support in an address at their annual meeting. ] the coal bottom. He stated, that green manure was productive of Granting that green manure contains more acid .sorrel ; and his argument in proof of it may, in I than old, it is an evidence of its aftording tlie more substance, be correctly reduced to the following i nutriment to plants, not that it would be exclu- svUocrism, or more properly, perhaps, sophism— | sively congenial to. sorrel; as the constituents of Green manure is sour ; sorrel is acid : therefore ■ oxalic acid, the acid of sorrel, are the same as tlie former will be productive of the latter. To j those of other vegetable acids, differing omy m obviate this effect of green manure, he recOm- 1 the degree of acidification by oxygen. Grr.nting, mended that it should be summered over and j too, that lime or ashes will neutrali.-e thxs ocid, it treated largely with ashes, lime, &c. which would 1 does not follow that they would prevent its repro- completely destroy its sourness ; and also give it '■ duction,* unless applied in so large qiuiutities as a more absorbing quality, particukrly of nitre ' to prevent all vegetable growth. from the atmosphere. You will agree with ine, that ; Logical reasomng on the subject of agriculture, the above tlieory encourages a too common error ; without a due regard to verretab'.e economy will in husbandry. i of^sn lead to incorrect conclusio.-is. We are often told by you, and other scientific ' I have above hinted at the use o? coal pit bottom writers on agriculture, and we cannot be too often as a manure. So far as I am informed, finners reminded of'the fact, that manure is greatlv wast- consider that these possess a quality poiscnous to ed by exposure to sun and rain, or by suffering its vegetation, and the soil, whicii tiiey o.icupy as lost .gasses to escape before it is committed to the earth, for some years. It i- true vegetables .vil! not Such a practice is as absurd, as would be that grow on tr.em. till they have lost a sh>ire of their of a cook who should keep the yeast till eftbrves- alkaline property, or bei'.ome i ..orpon-ted with cence had ceased, or destroy its acidity by pearl- . more earthy matter, but this would be the case ashes, and after the fi.xed air had escaped, attempt ' from an equal quantity of house ashes.^ They to make lio-ht bread. ! probably contain more carbon in a holuble state That green manure will introduce more weeds; than any other manure, v\hich adds much to their into the field than old, will not be denied, as the j value. For a top dressing of grass l.ind, for heat generated by effervescence is wanting to des- l spreading on wheat fields, and for making com- troy their seeds ; but this fact can scarcely be : post of materials, which are hard of solution or considered an objection to its use, by the good decomposition, these bottoms are peculiarly adapt- husbandnian, who knows the benefit of t!ie plough , ed. and hoe, and is willino- to use them. I I will leave to others to estimate the saving which Sorrel may, undoubtedly, be introduced this would be made in every town and state, in which way ; but do we find it the common weed of farm , they are in great numbers, by their proper use. yards and manure heaps ? on the contrary is it , Jaffrey, (AT. H.) Aug. 18. H. 1 m ■s not the common growth of newly burnt lands, where grass seed had not taken .■ I have lately examined the spot on which char- coal was made two years since. The burning of INSECT WHICH DESTROYS THE CO- COONS OF SILK WORMS. Mr Fessenden — The manufactory of silk in the coal left so many ashes, mixed with tlie loam, this country has lately excited so much attention by which the pit had been cov€red, as to prevent that a few remarks respecting an insect which in- the germination of seed sown on them the sue- jures the cocoons, may be acceptable to some of ceeding year. Last spring I carted a: portion of your readers, and particularly to the breeders of the silk worm. the anatoaiist and naturalist, and formidable ei) mies to the peltry merchant. They attack the c coons of silk worms for the sake of the dead chi salis they contain, and, by their perforations, de troy the continuity of the silken thread, and th rcnJor it unfit for reeling. It is in the months .Tune and July that they do the greatest injury. During the period of their existence in the gr. state they moult their skin ten times, and afl ' each moulting increase in size and voracity. Tt Ciist-off ."^kins appear much like the grubs the selves, and will be found in great numbers whe they irequent. After the last moult they cea '. fef ding, and prepare to go into the chrysalis sta 1 This takes place among the spoils of the matpi ah which have nourished them. The chrysalis white, with the eyes and some transverse bai on the back yellowish brown. The chrysalis sti continues about one month, and then the perfi insect bursts from its confinement, and procee to fulfil its last, great function, that of providii for a succession of the species. This Dermestes is about seven-twentieths an inch in length, of a black colour, with the si terior half of the wing cases of a dirty yellow. is very common in houses ; is timid in its motioi and when touched, contracts its feet and anteni and simulates death. In order to destroy the chrysalis of the si| worm the cocoons are either baked, or scalded boiling water. Thus the moth is prevented frd being disclosed, and perforating the cocoon Either of these methods may be employed to del troy the grubs of the Dermestes, when cocoot are infested by them ; but scalding is to be ^ ferrcd. It is said that, by baking, the gum wi which the silken fibre is imbued is injured, aii the gloss diminished. To prevent the Dermest* from depositing its eggs on or near the cocooH they should be enclosed in a tight bo\', into whi a little camphor, from time to time, is to be stre ed. This precaution will also be useful in rep. ling the clothes-moth wliich sometimes attac the cocoons. T. W. HARRIS.^ Milton, Aug. 10, 182G. * By the Editor. — Our correspondent is wel- come to doubt or deny our positions, and we will In a parcel of cocoons which a few days since, came under my observation, were many which i published in the Memoirs of the Philadelph ricultural Society, attributed to the Hon. Richard Peters, is the following passage'; " Over cropping and shallow ploughing, with exhausting crops in succossion,frequently cause overwhelming growths o^ sorrel to infest ill managed fields. Lime is the only remedy ; and you will see in Lord Dundon- iild's "Connexion," &c. the good effects of lime ; which destroys the sorrel, and produces the sor- reline acid, highly friendly to wholesome and prof- itable vegetation. Green sorrel grows on fertile soils, but the red sorrel is a certain mark of ster- ility." We suppose that by " sorreline acid," is meant oxalate of lime, which is a neutral salt, com- posed of lime and the acid of sorrel, [oxalic acid.] When any particular substance abounds in a veg- 1 * They will prevent its production as long as the otable it may be presumed that that substance is alkaline principle predominates in the soil and Dermestes Cardnrius. The grub is of a dark cliesnut-brown colour, thinly covered with hairs, longest towards the tail. It has six legs, armed with claws, near the head, and an unarmed, fleshy projection beneath the tail, whicli serves as a sev- enth foot. Above the tail are two minute horns directed backwards, whicli probably assist the in- sect in propelling itself within the substances on which it feeds. It has twelve eyes, six on each side of the head, and the mouth is furnished with a pair of strong toothed jaws. These little grubs devour all kinds of dead animal substances such as skins, furs, feathers, horn, dried meats, lard, &c. ; and are deplorable pests in the cabinets of ENQUIRY. Mr Fesse.nden — Having seen several articl in your late papers respecting the injury the Pe Trees are suffering, and also Quince Bushes, frc a certain insect, apparently, and the mode of cu by extirpation of the diseased limb, — a subscribe requests information respecting the nature of t ' insect resembling a caterpillar which preys von ciously on the Quince Bush, the latter end of .lul and during the month of August, — and the mot suitable remedy. S. Brewster, August 9y, 1896. essential to the existence of tlie vegetable, and as an acid is abundant in sorrel, and acids are des- troyed by alkalies, it follows that .nlkalies will des- troy sorrel. longer. Digging up sorrel by the roots will not prevent its reproduction ; still no reasonable ob- jection can be made to that mode of destroying sorrel Editor. HARTFORD COUNTY AGRICULTURAl SOCIETY. The Executive Committee of this Society ha again offered premiums for the three best cultiva edfarms. Since the establishment of the Society, the nun bet of competitors for these premiums, has bee respectable, and their exertions for improvement ll meritorious. But as these are the highest and mosl honorable premiums given by the Society, it hhl been thought highly desirable, that the competlT tion be increased ; — and it would seem, that w«| are warranted to expect this, by the increased in terest, which our substantial farmers manifest ii Vol. V N'o. 5. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. S5 "jicorns ol' the Society, and tlie increasing ut- II « Iiich is paiil, through the County, to the iii^ principles of rural ami ilomcstic economy. Ilect this desirable object, liovvever, it may iecess!iry to correct an erroneous impression, gjrd to the principles, upon which the premi- aro awarded. W^hen engaged in viewing s. we liave sometimes noticed with rogret,thal mind of the proprietor was directed, almost rclv, to a particular piece of ground, while the as such, showed marks of neglect, or mis- ijemcnt. It might bo well, to encourage such tions, by premiums given for limited improve- ts, but, by no means, for the " best cultivated \" The intention of the Society appears to been, to encourage, not clianges, without re- to improvement, nor imp.'ovements, iudepend- cf tlieir cost, — but snug, tidy, and economi- arir.ing. :ome instances, the Committee may seem, in awards, to have deviated from this general iple, but this should not discourage our neat, , and prudent farmers, from engaging in the iticn. ( 'ommittee will endeavour to take into con- ation every thing connected with the farm ; e buildings, — their economy and convenience c general system pursued in the appropriation management of the lands; — the collecting and of manures, with the application; — the rais- nd minagement of live stock; — domestic econ- and such other things as deserve the at- on of every good farmer. And that will be dered the " best cultivated farm " which e.x- s tiio best management, in these several par- irs. ose wlio intend to present their farms for in- ion, will enter them, at Ri[dey's Coffee House, bcfoj;§ Monday the 4th day of Septembei. — members of the Viewing Committee are re- ;ed to meet at Ripley's, on the 6th of Septem- at 10 o'clock, A. M.' SAMUEL S. STEBBINS, Cliainnan of Viewing Committee. llcnburgh School, Windsor, I August 11, 182(5. ) This is not theory unsupported by e.xperience. Fortunately there are many practical proofs of it in almost every town in the State. 'Our soil of medium fertility, wlien ])ro))iily dressed, will, in ordinary seasons, produce from one and a half to two and a half tons of hay per acre ; from forty to sixty bushels of corn ; from thirty to forty bushels of oats and other small grains, and other products in the same proportions : where the same lands formed by the closing of three leaves with mar- gins deeply fringed, upon each other, protecting tlic fine flowers and the delicate filaments from cold and wet. [Nat. /Kgis.] CROPS. The crops of hay and grain have been considera- bly diminished by the early drought, and, in some towns, by the grasshoppers. We are induced to ,,., , ,, . . 1 . ■ 11 .u I believe, from the information we have receive*!* under the present system, do not yield more than ,, ^ ,, .■.£-, , j, , '•";'<▼ i,„ic,i,„.,K„„„ iL^A „,.„..,:>■. J , that, the quantity ot hay made and to be made. half the abovemontioned quantities But in regard to pasture lands, the difference is still greater. Little or no attention is paid by the great mass of farmers to grounds of this descrip- tion— consequently their products are generally very inferior both in quantity and quality. Per- haps it would not be far from the truth to say that from four to five acres are now usually required for pasturing one cow ; whereas that quantity of land ought to afford feed sufficient for at least two. Indeed two cows have been pastured in this town, most of the time during the present season, and might have been all the time, on less than two acres. They have been and still are in the finest order, and have been deep milkers. This is a fact that has fallen under our own observation, and is fully illustrative of the point we would es- tablisli. It is granted that there are but few cows that would, with the same keeping, give the same in the County ot Hampshire, the present season, will not much exceed two thirds of the last year's crop. In some towns, it is said, not more than half the usual quantity of fodder will be gathered. The deficiency in rye and oats is nearly as great as in hay. Indian corn and potatoes have a promis- ing appearance, where they have not been attack- ed by grasshoppers. Broomcorn looks well. Hay from the meadows is selling in this town from $9 to $12 per ton. [Northamptoa Gaz.] GREAT WHEAT CROP- A correspondent of the St. Lawrence Gazette of the 1st inst. furnishes the following memoranda: There is a farmer in the town of Louisville, in New York, who is now reaping rising of 200 acres of wheat — the sowing of 270 bushels. It is all in one field, and presents a beautiful appearance. — So luxuriant is the crop that some of the stalks quantity of milk. Should it be asked, why ? the i are more than 6 feet high ; and the whole field answer is obvious. From a want of proper atten- I will average 5 feet in height. On Wednesday tion and care, our farms arc generally stocked with last, two men reaped 21 shocks of 15 sheaves each, AGRICULTURAL. IS often asserted, by farmers themselves, that mg can be made by Agriculturists. That this •rous and respectable portion of our citizens, i as a whole, do in fact make little or nothing than a bare support for themselves and fami cannot be denied. But this does not prov ncapahility of their business being made hi- ve when properly conducted. Its unprofitable- there is reason to believe, is to be attributed lipally to an injudicious and mistaken policy mJucting it, or to carelessness and inatten- Among the capital errors of our practical ers may be ranked a disregard to manuring tilling their lands suiStiently. Altliough much already been said on this subject, yet it is one cannot be too often brouglit into view, so as the present system is pursued. Most of farmers attempt to improve more land than t tliey can attend to advantageously. If they Id e;:pend all the labour and manure on one i, or at most one half the quantity of land they do generally, they would in most instance.; in tv.'enty-five or fifty per cent, more pro- and the danger of a »otal failure in their )i would be greatlj lessened. an inferior and degenerate breed of cattle, which actually impoverish their owners. This suggests the consideration of a second error in the present system of agriculture — the want of due attention to the breeds and qualities of domestic animals. — On this topic some remarks will be made hereafter. [Wor. Yeo.] DROUGHT IN NORTH CAROLINA. Extract of a letter from a friend who lives not far from Roanoke river. August '3, 1826. — I resided in this country in the year 1806, which has since been called the dry year. That drought was nothing to be compared with this, either as to extent or severity. All the rain that could now fall would not make corn en- ough in this and the adjoining counties to feed the population plentifully for six months ; and, what on a piece of ground 30 rods long by 13 paces wide, which gives nearly 40 bushels to the acre. One ear of the wheat was 10 inches long, and had 90 grains, full and large. There are 52 reap- ers and binders in the field. At a very moderate estimate the crop will yield 30 bushels to the acre, throughout. RALM. We have agcounts of the late rains extending as far East as Halifax, and South as Baltimore, near- ly 1000 miles ; and in immense quantities ; but travellers from Lower Canada, and the White Hills inform that the quantity which fell there was abundant but not extraordinary. From almost every other quarter, we have tidings of destruc- tion to mills, dams, bridges, factories, and to build- ^ _, , ings and property on the banks of streams and in adds to the distress, there is no fruit, not even an I jow situations. Some roads have been rendered apple — no oats, no wheat — and a general scarcity I impassible. — We have heard of only one life being of bread stuff at this time. You can imagine what ' lost ; and that at Sparta, Penn. where a Capt. p I it will be this time twelve mar.ths. The common 1 Williams, being on his house making exertions to price of corn is one dollar and fifty cents per bush- 1 gave it when it fell, was carried off by the torrent el. All the vegetables in my garden, containing I and perished. The quantity which fell in various more than four acres and better cultivated than ■ parts has been variously reported. — That ascer- l ever knew it to be, are not worth five dollars. — ; tained by rain guages varies from 9 to 18 inches ; A gentleman from Tennessee says, that we suffer while many by estimation have made it three or no worse here than they do in East Tennessee, and four feet I The quantity which usually falls in a from the mountains to this place. [Nat. Intel.] '; year averages about 32 inches. Some tribes of the COTTON ^veiretable kingdom in low situations have been The noble stalks, and green leaves of the Indian linfured ; but generally the P'-°f"'^\'' "Z '""» corn, a plant singularly beautiful in every stage of | promise a most abundant harvest. [Cent.nel.] its growth, would not excite more interest among j^, j^ njentioned in the Philadelphia Aurora that the spicy bowers of the East, than does the Cotton I g^^^ ^.j^^ ^^^X^^ are cried about the streets at six '- ''^— '—" ""-'•■"'" '<■*;»•"'== «"'-" gj. gg^.g^ j,gnts tijg pgck, delicious peaches are pro- when it wanders into northern latitudes. Some plants are now growing in \Vorcester, raised from the seed, in the open air, which bid f'ir to bring forth a respectable product. They have attained to the height of about eighteen inches. The opening buds and the ripening pods of this shrub are provided with a curious triangular covering. portionably cheap, and excellent melons may be had for very little more than the trouble of carry- ing them from the market. Captain Parry is preparing for another expedi- tion to find the North West passage. ■m NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Augustas, 1826. EXTRACTS FROM AW AJi)Ri;.S.S, Delivered before the Rhode Island Society for the Encoutagcmenl of Domestic Industry, by William Hunter. — Continued from page 'i!'. It is said that many years ago, Hale's System of j horses and oxen. Translate terms — simplify prin- Knglisli Husbandry was distributed to every parish ciples— appeal to facts— and there is no doubt of in England and deposited in every cliurcli. Why 'I'e quitk apprehensions and ready adoption of any could not a portion even of the scantv funds of sound practice by our intelligent yeomanry. As this Society be devoted to select useful reprint which accompanied with original notes directed to the diversities of soil, habits and products of tlie foreign countries, would lead to a safe and unde- ceiving knowledge ? Why could not funds enougli be raised to induce the Professor of Cliymistry in Brown University to give in the proper season six or more lectures on the principles of his science, as applicable to Agriculture and Manufactures ? — There is no doubt of his peculiar fitness for this undertaking. These lectures might be made a source of most profitable amusement to inquisitive intelligent young men, both of town and country, ""hey would be brought together — they would cultivate those friendships so important in life — they would extinguish those miserable jealousies so apt to exist between town and country — they would associate the two interests, in truth and nature inseparably allied. They would reconcile a quarrel between brothers. This course would be productive of immeasurable good, promotino- political harmony and general prosperity. The lectures of Henry delivered at Manchester, were written with a view to manufacturing ; tliose of Davy delivered nt London, to agricuUural devel- opements and improvements. The union of the two plans executed with a view to our situation and its amelioration, would be invaluable. Providence and Brown University form the very spot for be- ginning this laudable and feasible enterprize, and may God grant that it may find among the opulent and high minded men of the land an efficient pat- ron, and in public opinion a spirited and undevia- ting support. But after all, what is there so as- tonishingly magnificent, or profoundly obscure in the improved Agriculture v.e recommend. What is there, the germs of which nature her- self and our own practice do not indicate? Is it the drill husbandry:-' You have had for nearly two liuudred years its noblest specimen, almost pecu- liar to yourselves in your fields of corn ; and when the Sachem's squaw exhibited to our anxious an- cestors at Plymouth the mode of cultivation her tribe had followed, and with a sharp clam-shell scooped out the sandy loam and placed in the hol- ow two alewives on which she planted her four kernels of corn, she exemplified all that the ut- most theory of Agriculture has tau-rht. Tliere was a supply to the land— there was a cordial to the land— it was stirred and pulverized— its subsoil sustained by the gross manure settling be- "'-^its surface was warmed, enriched and crum- iug, every carter and wagoner that has attended | eu to our peculiar and succe^^ful genius in ^M market has lu^eJ it, when calculating to avoid chanics. The irrigations of Italy, especially i tavern prices, he has cut green corn stalks in the I Lombardy, and the Duchy of Milan, seem, in e: morning to supply when in town the wants of his tent and effect, to surpass belief. The twent miles between Milan and Lodi, are esteemed \ Arthur Young as aflbrding one of tlie most cur ous and valuable prospects in the power of a farmt J to view. We have, says he, some undertakint in England, that are meritorious ; but they sir low bled bythe fermenting gasses that escaped up- to the great points of shelter and enclosure, there seems to be nothing faulty in our practice. Our j to nothing, compared to these great and truly n- ineans arc great, and our operations have been j blc works. 'He adds," Tliis is one of the ride « steady and successful. ^ ''''^'^ those to take who think that every thing a There is no doubt that the stone wall on Rhode- | to be seen in England." I intended here, in r Island proper, if calculated at the present esti- ' gard to this very England, the alternate theme mate of building it, would amount to a larger sum | o"'' praise and envy, the equal reproach of o' than the marketable value of the whole fee simple j credulity and unbelief, as to agricultural improv of the Island. It is on the great and apparently ments, to have suggested some hints and querie diverse points of draining and irrigation, that we 1 1*"' the subject extends into great nicety of deta. are strangely and shamefully deficient. It has and unavoidably connecting itself with genei been unattended to, where merely a deep double j topics, becomes inexhaustible, furrow down tlie slope o'i the land would drain its \ 0"e object, however, is so constantly urge waters to the river or the ocean. It has been \ against the esculent root system, and the shee; elegantly said in this place, by a master of his rearing system,that a few words ought at any ra subject, that " water is at once the greatest enemy 1 1" ^^ devoted to it. I refer to the severity of o and the greatest friend of vegetation." In its ex- } winters. It must be admitted, that to the opei cess and stagnation it is pernicious, and the cause \ "ess and mildness of the English winter, th« of sterility. In its difi"usion and gentle currency j Agriculture is highly indebted. They have seldcj it is the greatest instrument of fertilization yet j a season so severe but that sheep can eat the ti known. The principles and practice of Mr Elkin- "ip' o" the land where they grow. Their bett. ton, on the subject of draining, ought to be pub- j grass lands, winter about two sheep per acre, wit lished and republished."-'- Nothing can be simpler j out hay or grain. To tiiis you will perceive, or surer, and five or seven columns of a newspaper, j o'^'-^j,„„ u^,- a water meadow near Ilungerford, in Berkshire, j tond more to the cultivation of those plants th: v-ar s. All was done as to the first process that Sir hy a very delicate thermometer, the temperature j are improved by winter ; to the ruta baga, tli lump iry Davy could have taught, and as to the of the air, at 7 o'clock in the morning, was Sg-^ the Scotch kale, the parsnip, and the Jerusalem art econ^l process, the top dressing with ashes at the water was frozen above the grass : the tempera- choke. The cattle, cows and sheep, of the islanc: -pringing ol the blade, the utility of this was dis- 1 t"re of the soil below the water, in which the of Guernsey and Jersey, are fed and fatted on pai covered by observing that those hills of corn had I roots of the grass were fixed, was 43°." Astolsnips; and the Jerusalem artichoke, a food that i ^unshed with disproportionate and prodigious summer irrigation, we have, I believe, done iutle j hunted for by that epicure the hog, which is ini ^^.xuriance, whicli had accidentally received the »"}' where in the United States, and yet our cli- 1 proved and imperishable by winter, is found to b .!'™°".!"'^^ ,.*° calumet. No modern theory mate invites to it. The necessary works are suit- ('he peculiar delight and rapid fiittener of shea But I must not pursue this subject. " r., „„ •■ . ,■ w,,i theory or practice has disproved, or can improve upon th As to rotation crops, i»obody doubts their use w misuDderstands their rationale. As tg soil-J "•^ Mr Elkinton's principles and mode of draining may be found in the New England Farmer vol. f page 409. {Tu be canlhiued.) Six black snakes were lately discovered coile together iu a field in Newton, and killed. Vol. V No. 5. NfiW ENGLAMD FARMER. * 37 THE DAT^ AND OLIVE. Some remarks made by lis on an article in the obile Commercial Rejrister in our Saturday's per, concerning a Date tree at Now Orleans, 1(1 an Olive tree at Moliilo, whicli the Mobile litor supposes to bo the only ones in the United ;ales, liavc procured us a note from an esteemed rrespondent, who is also an eminent and experi- iced naturalist. It should seem from the infor- ;Uion lie communicatos, that both the New Or- ;in>- and tlie Mobile folks are mistaken on these inls. Our correspondent mentions that there e two Date trees, at Mr Fatio's plantation in 1st Florida of great age, probably coeval with settlement of the country, lie says further, at he is informed that tliere are several grow- g in the vicinity of St. .\ugustinc. With res- et to the Olive, it was long since introduced d successfully cultivated in the United States, .r^e quantities of the berries annually produced Cumberland Island, in the state of Georgia, 5 pickled and offered for sale. Many gardens Charleston contain Olive trees that never fail producing fruit. ^V". 1". Evening Post. THE GRAPE. The success of tlie grape in this part of the lion, under proper management, is beyond all ubt, — the experiment lias been made, and the )of can now be exhibited. Let any one who will lie tlie trouble, look into the garden of Judge lith, the late residence of Gen. Brahan, within If a mile of town, and ho will be gratified beyond highest expectation, at the richness and novel- of that interesting spectacle. We have seen various parts of the Union, full bearing vines, ; our imagination never conceived the profusion ich adorns the arbors and trellises in Judge lith's garden. The celebrated vine at Hampton Court (England) said to produce one ton of grapes annually — Joseph Cooper of New-Jersey, affirms that he >! taken from a single vine, at one picking, 1433 nds of grapes, and we have seen a vine in New- irk, which the gentleman assured us produced rre than 1000 pounds annually ; but none of ise vines, considering their age and dimensions, ^ equal to some of Judge Smith's, in point of iductiveness. We will not venture an opinion the quantity on a single vine, for fear of not ng believed by those who will not take the ■uble to examine for themselves, but we venture affirm that an acre of such bearing vinos would oduce in one season, at the least, 1500 gallons wine. If such a prospect is not a sufficient en- Iragementto cultivate the vine, neither interest, : pride, nor a love of good things, would ever iuce one to make the experiment. [Mobile Reg.]; GRASSHOPPERS. The Poultney (Vermont) paper estimates the antity of grasshoppers in that part of the coun- at 13 bushels to the acre, and states that they stroy grass, corn and potatoe tops, and strip the hards and forest trees of their foliage. " Even mullen is stripped to the very stallc." It i., Iculated that the crep ef grass in Rutland coun- is not more than one third of the usual quantity. We learn that tlie grasshoppers continue their .■ages in the hill towns in this vicinity (Chester- Id, Worthington, Cummington, Plaintield, Haw- , &c.) with increased numbers. On some ms they have sw^t every thing before them ; and where the work of destruction has been less effectual, it is calculated that they have for some weeks devoured a greater quantity of lierbage than the cattle, horses and sheep. A gentleman informs us, that riding among the grasslioppers a few days since, he dismounted and counted those tliat had been crushed by his horse's feet — he found in some tracks a dozen of these insects, that had been destroyed by a single step of the foot ; at tlie same time tlie air was filled with them on every side. A farmer in Cummington informs us that swarms of these insects are seen flying at considerable heights in the atmosphere, and he supposes from this circumstance that they are a new species ; as the customary flight of grasshop- pers rarely exceeds four or five yards. President Dwight, in his Travels in Now Eng- land, describes a kind of grasshoppers similar to those of the present season ; they had appeared several times in the vicinity of Bennington, Vt. — " Their voracity" he remarks, " extends to almost every vegetable ; even to the tobacco plant and the burdock. Nor are they confined to vegeta- bles. They destroy in a few hours the garments of labourers, hung up in the field, and devour the loose particles which the saw leaves on the sur- face of pine boards. At times, particularly a little before their disappearance, they collect in clouds, rise high in the atmosphere, and take extensive flights. Some persons employed in raising the steeple of the church in Williamstown, while standing near the vane, saw vast swarms of them far above their heads. They customarily return, and perish on the very grounds which they have ravaged." [Hamp. Gaz.] HARVEST IN MAINE. It is expected, that the latter harvest, in this State, will be more abundant than in any preceding year, as the rains have been very plentiful, and the soil, though hard, completely saturated. Although our crops never fail, altogether, as is the case, sometimes, in warmer climates, yet our lai^jls re- quire much rain to produce a strong vegetation, and when that is the case, the harvest is most rich and plentiful. [Maine Inq.] hops and a half pint of Indian meal, in two or three quarts of water about an hour, strain into a keg while hot, add 1 pint of yeast, shake it well togeth- er, stop tlic keg nearly air tight, and let it stand 'i4 hours, when it will bo fit for use. The whole expense of tliis quantity will not exceed three shil- linsrs. MILITIA. The last Westminster (Eng.) Review contains an article upon our militia system whicli though it may be severe, is in a great measure too true. It attacks the system as unwieldy, expensive, inef- ficacious, and unequal in its opcr.itions : as im- posing nominal duties on the rich and real burdens on the poor. The means provided for its support, says the Review, should not ho a poll tax, but a tax on property : those who liave most to lose should contribute the most towards the defence of the country. [Salem Gazette.] TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES. Take two or three small handfuls of walnut leaves, upon which, pour two or three quarts of soft cold water ; let it infuse one night, and pour the whole the next morning into a kettle, and let it boil for a quarter of an hour : — when cold, it will be fit for use. No more is required than to moisten a sponge, and before the horse goes out of the stable, let those parts which are most irri- table besmeared over with the liquor, viz. between and upon the ears, the neck, the flank, &c. Not only the lady or gentleman who rides out for pleasure, will derive benefit from the walnut leaves thus prep.ared, but the coachman, the wag- oner, and all others who use horses during the hot months. — Farmers Receipt Book. SCHOOLS. In 128 towns in Massachusetts, 347 persons are returned as unable to read and write. Of these /"S are in Marblehead, 50 in Adams, 39 in Mendon, 31 in Taunton, 20 in Montague, 19 in Plymouth, 16 in Harwich, 9 in Brimfield, 8 in Truro, and a few in other towns. The expense of school books for each pupil in town schools is variously estimated by the school committees, from 20 cents to $2.50. [Hamp. Gaz.] MAMMOTH CUCUMBER. Mr Editor — I sent you last week an account of a Cucumber, which is growing in a gentleman's garden in this place, which was then 40 inches long. It was measured accurately this morning, and found to have grown, in one week, twenty -six inches, which makes it just six feet long. The seeds were sent by a gentleman in Ohio,to Mr Jef- ferson, who presented a few to the gentleman who has this large one in his garden. It is quite green, and will no doubt grow much lonsrer. Charloilsville (Va.) Gazette. Good Harvest Beer. — Put 2 quarts of molasses into a keg with 10 gallons of cool water. Boil 2 oimces of allspice, 2 ounces of ginger, 2 ounces of FOR PURIFYING CIDER. Take a hogshead, place a wooden grate in the bottom, a cloth on the grate, then throw into the vessel fine washed sand, about eighteen inches deep ; on the top of that, ten inches of charcoal ; on the top of that, si.x or eight inches of sand, over which, place a cloth or blanket. Pour in the cider, and when it has filtered through, if it be weak, add one or two gallons of alcohol ; then put it into a clean vessel, adding a little sweet oil to preserve it from the atmosphere, and then bung it up. — Ibid. RECEIPT TO KEEP CIDER SWEET. Rack off thirty gallons sweet cider, put in one gill fine salt, and one pound of chalk. This will keep it sweet for two years. — IHd. GINGER^ BEER. This, v. hen well made, is one of the most agreea- ble, as well as one of the most wholesome bever- ages that can be imagined. The subjoined receipt for producing it in high perfection, may be found useful during the summer mouths. Take one and a half ounces of ginger, well bruised, one ounce of cream of tartar, and a pound of white sugar. Put these ingredients into an earthen vessel, and pour upon them a gallon of boiling water; when cold, add a table spoonful of yeast, and let the whole stand till the ne.xt morning. Then skim it, bottle it, and keep it three days in a cool place before you drink. Be sure you use good sound corks and secure them with twine or wire. — Family Rtceipt Bool. 88 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. August 25, ISSe. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 25, 1826. PREMATURE DECAY OF PEAR TREES. When we were favoured with a communication from his Excellency Gov. Li.ncol,-v, on "a disease ■which has recently appeared in pear-trees " (pub- lished in the first page of our current volume,) we did not hesitate to attribute the disorder to the pernicious agency of an insect, Scolj/tus Pyri. In a matter of such moment, however, we did not think it advisable to rely on our own opinion, form- ed without experimental knowledge of the subject. We therefore consulted several scientific friends in this city, and called on the Hon. Mr. Lowell, at his residence in Ro.xbury, in order to obtain as much information as possible, on a topic so inter- esting. The result of our application to Mr Low- ell was, as we had reason to anticipate, prompt at- tention, scientific investigation, and a frank com- munication of his sentiments relative to the object of inquiry. Further investigation of the causes and conse- quences of the m.'lady in pear-trees, which has ex- cited so much alarm in horticulturists, together with the light thrown on the subject by our. cor- respondents, has led us to doubt the correctness ofour first rormed opinion. We now doubt wheth- I or the Scolytus Pyri can be the perpetrator of all the mischief which we were at first disposed to attribute to its agency. We can hardly believe that an insect, which, according to Professor Peck's account oi" its operations, had " eaten the inner layer of wood, a part of the medulla or pith, and about half of the second layer of wood" of the branches of the pear tree, leaving "the alburnum or sap-wood untouched, except at its exit," could cause the sudden, and in some instances entire de- struction, referred to by Gov. Lincoln. The disor- der, caused by the Scolytus Pyri we now think is a different complaint from that which Gov. Lincoln has described. That insect leaves (or did, in the instance cited, leave) the alburnum untouched. — The alburnum, or sap-wood is the only part of the wood, which is necessary for the life and growth of tlie tree. The pith and heart-wood of trees, (like the horns, hoofs, nails and claws of animals,) serve for strength and security, but are not seats of vitality. Hollow trees often remain vigorous, fruitful and thrifty for years after the heart-wood lias decayed, and even disappeared. If then the Scolytus Pyri confines its depredations to the pith and heart-wood of the branches, (and we have not heard of its being found, or leaving traces of its habitation in any otiier part) it attacks the trees where they are bast vulnerable, and can hardly effect their entire destruction. By the foregoing, among other reasons, we are induced to believe that this comi laint in pear-trees is not a mere local, or topical disorder ; but one which affects the whole vegetable, as much as gout or scurvy affects the whole animal system. In persons attacked with gout or scurvy, local com- plaints often first indicate the general affection and, perhaps a few withered or discoloured leaves on a single limb may be indicative and symptomat- ic of a disorder, which has attacked, or is about to sei?e on a whole tree. In the second volume of the New Enaland Farm- er, page .'?24, we republished an article from the American Farmer vol. ii. page ?A7, with the sig- nature " Silvanus," dated Elmwood, Jan. 1, 1821. This writer mentions a disease in pear trees,which consists " in a withering of the interior bark, es- pecially of the limbs, appearing in spots and bars, and more extended affections of the same kind, spreading to the destruction of the individual limbs" &c. This disease he calls " Kibes," and says " hard winters with long cold springs give us good pears and leave us sound trees,whilst a warm winter and especially a warm Febriiriiy,followed by a cold March destroys our trees.'" Mr Jackson, al- so says, [see New England Farmer, page 10, cur- rent vol.] " it will be recollected tliat tiie spring of 1825 was early, the weather in February uncom- monly warm, so'much so as to put in circulation the sap of the early fruit trees, and was followed by severe cold the last of March." Warm weath- er early in the season and cold weather late in the season, by Mr Jackson and by Silvanus are sup- posed to cause disease in pear trees. Another coincidence of opinions we will advert to. Duha- mel, Silvanus, and a very judicious writer for the New England Farmer, with the signature " Culti- well as all other fruit trees tliere can be no doubt;i and the consequence will be " Kibes," or soma other disease of repletion. But we do not bpliev( in the doctrine which inculcates the propriety oj " suffering grass, shrubs or suckers to grow neat the roots in order to restrain" or " divert abuo dant juices" as recommended by Silvanus. This would seem to us like feeding an epicure too highly for his health, and at the same time at- tempting to counteract the effects of a too luxuri- ant diet by bleeding and leeches. The better wayi would be that prescribed by Duhamel, accord in, to Cultivator, (see page 2ij) to remove the oW earth from the roots and substitute fresh soil of poorer quality. This should be a light loam, nat- urally good, but not enriched by manure. It may be asked, if the disease is caused by cold succeeding warm weather, after the sap has be^ gun to ascend in the spring, why do we not pet- ceive symptoms of decay or distemper, in trees aC fected, before about mid-summer. To this Silva- nus says, " It is sometimes the middle of summei to I vator," all suppose that the disorder in question before tlie whole damage is developed, and some does not take place in soil which is not too moist : imperfect fruit forming has led those, who merely) or too highly manured : the trees must in some take a peep at the tree to conclude it to be dona way, be supplied with more nourishment then they at this time." can digest. Silvanus says "I know of only two sets of healthy pear trees ; they have in five or seven years changed owners. In the time of the former owners, mnch attention was paid to them and the disease was constant. The present owners neith- er manure nor dig about them. In one of these I knew that the grass had surrounded them un- broken for years, and they are not only perfect but bear fruit, when all others fail — they are Ber- gamot. In the other set alluded to, more attention is paid, the grass is cleared away in early summer, but the shoots are permitted to grow forty feet around them in such quantity as to defy any re- moval but with a scythe, and tliese remain till next grass time — no manure is applied, and the ground naturally poor, riven the unhealthy trees have shot out new and healthy branches,since they have remained undisturbed, these facts arc too plain to be misunderstood, they point out the remedy as well as the manner of the remedy's acting. The abun- dant juices are restrained in the first case, which \Vi! iJli Again it may be objected thot wc assign tto» j. causes for the same effect, which is not according ,, to the rules of philosophizing. One of our causd is the alternation of heat and cold, the other i wet and rich soil. But the latter may be the pre disposing, and the former the efficient cause Thus a plethoric habit may be a pre-disposingj j, cause of apoplexy, but the immediate cause majj be some act of intemperance, &c. That the disorder is produced by an excess oi sap would also seem probable from the circuuM ,| stances related by Dr Fiske, (page 20 of our cuo rent volume.) That experienced and discriniinat ing cultivator speaks of " an occuraukition of viti ated sap," which " had become perceptibly sou from stagnation." The fact stated by Cultivatoi t,j. page 25 points to the same cause. That gentle man, (whose scientific skill aided by pracUci knowledge entitles him to confidence) says, the trees that have been affected by the diseasM], in my grounds, are those that grow in mv vegeta is preferable, and in the latter they are partly re- ble garden which is regularly and well manured strained and partly diverted into young scions. and among those, the most vigorous and thrifl " I will mention two other facts, though not so [ have suffered most. And all those that grow i plain, yet they confirm the above. I moved to a j my grass land, where they are seldom or neve place where there were two very healthy pear ' manured are entirely free from disease." trees. ( Verge'e ise,) one was choaked as I thought If the causes of the disease are as stated abov v.ith grass, the other was so surrounded with scions tl:e remedies are obvious. Cut away the diseas^ as scarcely to admit approach. I removed the parts some distance below any appearance of scions, dug and manured the ground in both, and tlie consequence soon ensued; I lost them by Kibes. Tiio other case that confirms these opinions and> move a part and substitute a suitable loam. Pruue facts, was that of a gardener of my acquaintance, who was actually on the right track to save his trees, but for want of understanding the true cause of the disease he failed,he discovered that the trees which had honey suckles around tiiem, were less liable to disease ; but he supposed it were protec- tion, and therefore manured and dug, and thus ■ lug the grave of his fine trees. " Let us therefore suffer our trees, after they have come near the fruit bearing period to vege- tate naturally — they will be a little more tardy in growing up, but tjiey will he hardy, he.altliy and bear well. If yo-.ir grounds are already rieli and \oosc about the trees, part of it may be removed." That ground may be too rich for pear trees, as fection. If the soil be too moist, drain it or mix I dryer sort of eartli with it, or both. If too rich re- but little, taking away only dead branches, such as interfere with and chafe each other, together v.-ith \r the suckers. |. The above opinions and statements, however, may |- be erroneous ; and if so wc sliould be happy to ( correct and ready to retract them. Since the above was in type, we have received' ' the following communication. ! PEAR TREES. |j Mr Pessende.".- — I am inclined to think the|j cause of the mortality among pear trees is not yet ;*iscovered, though several oi" your late corres pondents have evinced muci) ingenuity upon t|,i'- subject. Vol. v. — No. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Si> "liis tree has not been manured the last three ears:, has been a great bearer every season, and langs full of fruit, though it is dead donn as r as I have examined, — at least a foot under round. FRUrr AND FURKST TRF.ES, FLOWERING SHRl'BS, "Cultivator"' lias satisfactorily shown, to my I Republic and a company formed in New Vork, for i I he subscnlur, asmt oi ihu abov ind at least, that pear trees are not suddenly kill- ( eftecting a navigable communication between the ' "'*'' '"^' "".'"1'.?."^ fjuantily of id by the "Scolytus;" and I shall sliow that thoy | Atlantic and I'acilic oceans. re not always destroyed by ■• a corrupt state of lie juices or sap of the tree, arising- from exces- ive manuring, or from stagnant or putrid water lear the roots." II have lost a Bergamot pear tree, about twenty ears of age, and standing on dry grass land ury, will ri- English Mnniifoclurcrs.. — The English govern- ment, it is said, arc adopting extcn.-^ive measures for the relief of the distressed manufacturers, the public subscriptions liaving been found inadequate to him to their relief ) fhe reputation of this misery is so extensively known and ha! been so well sustained that 1 take Itavc to re- PLANTS. And the trees will be deliyered in this city at the ri-k and expense of the Tuichaser; the bills ui.iy be paid .S«/(_Nearly 1000000 bushels of salt are annually ; fer those in want of trees to any of the Ilo li'cullurists manufactured in the Kanawha country, Va. It 'n this city and its vicinity, and if ocular demonstration sells at a price from 12 to 18 cents a b-nshel. I '^ desired, I invite those who wi>h to be thus satisfied, „ , ,^ . „, , r ^ to examine the trees in any garden at Dorchester pro- hreek .Iffairs. — the accounts from Greece are cured from this nursery for three or four years past, somewhat contradictory. A London paper of July | so'ne of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy and' When I first saw my tree declining, I thought 20, slates that Ibrahim Pacha was traversing the e top too large for the trunk,and regretted that 1 Jlorea almost without opposition; and that the d not, at the proper season, cut oil' some of tlie affairs of the Greeks were at a low ebb. — But jod. But since then, another of my pear trees, tlie .Tournal des Debates gives some account of uated much like the first, and not of vigorous tlio proceedings of Lord Cochrane. It stated, that owth, is failing, and I am unable to make up my his lordship cruised for some time off Cape St. Vin- nd respecting the cause of the disease. cent, until ho had collected all his vessels, eight [ hope gentlemen of observation will continue in number, some of which carry Perkins' steam' Tigorou! state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on application ZF.B. COOK Jr. Rogers' Building — Congress Street. liiislon, August 2blh 1829. eptf. To Farmers and ^IgricuUurists. WHITE MULBERRY TREE SEED. George Moruock, JS'o. 14 Market Square, has just aense ir trees from destruction. fa person loses liis house by fire, he can soon Id anothfti- ; but if his trees die, other genera- os only, can see their places filled. BROOKLINE. SCRAPS FROM ENGLISH PA' ERS. ''he Society of Arts have given a reward of five neas to a Spitalficlds weaver, for a specimen 'elvet, exhibiting a pattern equally perfect on ii sides. 1 Paris the number of medical practitioners = not exceed 900, while in London there are to be .3,j00. cian seas about the 25th of June, or the 1st ult. mendation General Lallemand, it is also stated, had entered into the service of Greece. He had considerable funds at his disposal, and was in treaty in the U. States, for the purchase of two frigates in which he and his companions were to cross the Atlantic before the close of the present summer. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - . BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - . skimmed milk, - - Canadian Enterprise. — Upwards of 250 hogs- heads of Tobacco, valued at 20,000 dollars, have been e.xportcd this year from the western district of Canada. — Buffalo Journal. BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, lb. In 1790 the whole amount of the exports of the United States did not exceed seventeen millions | FLAX y the use of the vapour of quicksilver in lieu I of dollars ; in 17;"'5 they had increased to fifty ' FLAX SEED jbusli team, all the powers of the latter are obtained mjUions, and in 1825 they amounted to nearly one I f'l^OUR, Baltimore, Howard St bbl three fourths of the fuel now used saved. hundred millions, of which about sixty-seven mill- j Rv^b-t " " I ight travelling cloaks are now made of India ions were the produce of the United States.— GRAIN live'-'""'- '. '. ' bu« Der, which are said to be impervious against These facts not only shew the projressive, but j ' Corn - - - s bush bbl. 80 00 95 00' 2 00 10 25 8 25 7 00 10 large mass of manuscripts, which contain an Testing account of the public and private life Wilton have been recently discovered in the 46 Paper Office, gentleman, who has a property at Haslinden :h £700 per annum, attended last May-day to ive his half-yearly rents, and the whole sum him was not more than £17. he General (a race horse) has again changed owner, having been purchased hy Mr Paine, he Duke of Portland, at the price, it is said 700 guineas. ■le London Courier of the last of May, says, in Covent Garden about a fortnight ago : -ries wore two guineas per pound, — Greeii ?, four guineas a quart — and Strawberries, five ings an ounce." — Green Peas twtniy dollars a i, in a country where a very large portion of inhabitants are literally starving ! nee the conclusion of the war, 445 ships of war other vessels have been put out of the service le Navy Board, of which 1 12 were sold on ition of being broken up. The tonnage of the (e number sold amounted to 229,647 tonfi SUMMARY. mal between the Atltntic and Pacific.— A con- has been made between the central American we may add unexampled commercial prosperity of! Barley - ... our country. [Providence Journal. 1 ,, „ O**' " " . - - ' '■ ■• HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - The Cedar Apple. — A gentleman of unquestion- | HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - able veracity called at our oftice this week, and i LIME, - . - . . informed us of an experiment which was made a I *-"''' '''"*''''''' Phil, and Northern few days ago with this apple, on a coloured child pJ^^l?'^P ^m^aav ''^'^'''=*' , ^y ^ ., ..'.'^ . ,, . . ,, 1 PORK, Bone Middlings, new, about two years old, at his farm in this neighbour- ^^^.y ^jg^g jq_ hood, the -result of which was truly satisfactory. — I Car<'o No 1 do. The child took the apple of last year's growth, re- 1 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - duced to powder, and prepared in syrup, two sue- Clover cessive mornings, fasting ; the consequence of VVOOL, Merino, full blood,wash which was, the expulsion of more than a pint of OWrms. The child, though much reduced and de- Bilitated by fevers previously to the apple being administered, is now doing well, and has had a complete return of appetite for food. [Annapolis Gazette.] JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's .Yursery at Fhtshing, on Long Island, near JVeio York. In belialfof the proprietors of the above nursery, the subscriber solicit? the orders of Horticulturisfs who may be desirous of -tocking their gardens and fields with iViiit trees of the finest sorts and m__^ , ,,,.„ ,i,. „K=o.v„inn. nf nthpr I "<■'=«' ^ beautiful iloan colour, was 5 years old I, Sometimes, after fighting a considerable time, one Rousseau corroborated by the observations of other ] oreat men, that there has seldom been a forward May, is perfectly gentle, and is presumed to be eqi or ■both of the combatants show a willingness to 1 g'*^''''- ''"^"- """• "'^^ ""^ 7.'"""' "'-" ",— " "*" j to any Bull of this most celebrated breed ever import \ , , ,, ,„.;„. ,K„„ ;(•„„„ „f hoy who has not made an ordinary man. 1 he slow- to thii country, havmg cost in Lngland One Mundi separate, and gradually retire then if one of J ^^ ^ ^^^.^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^ j^j_^^^^_ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^_ ^^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^ p^^^^^, ^ them crows, this occasions the ba tie to be renew- ^' ^^^^^„ ^^(^„^ -^^^^ consideration ' rive at maturity for the stall much earher than « ., cd. I have seen a young cock, when nearly 1 =^"ses irom idhui, ui , _^ ^f other— and are generally great milkers. ^ ..rown, gain a victory over his sire. He crowed jvhen viewing a particula object u Inch one of __ - »- y^ fn trium'ph till the old cock was so enraged that Pcss real intelligence would overlook. he lenewed the battle with such force as to come | Calamity has made many villains, who would re- No. 2 — The " Cleveland Bay" Horse Sir Isaac- a beautiful dark bay with black mane, tail and le 15j hands high, was three years old last May, and carcely arrived at bis prime. — This breed is considi w off conquerer, and to resume his place as chiet ot : ^^^^ .j. ^^^^^ ^^^^j^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^j. ^^^^^^^ ^^j^^j^, , ^^ ._^ England very superior for gentlemen's Carri« the hnrcaii. I have also seen a vanquished cock vefiture to crow before he was out of the hearing of the victor ; by this folly he brought on himself revenge and additional suflfering. Men have various modes of crowing for the vie- | rogues, tories they gain over each other — all of which are repugnant to the spirit of the christian religion, [^j^g'^^j^'^j^ '^i'^ggj/ig ^^ f^joj and are of an irritating and pernicious tendency. To show tlio natural cfiect of man-crowing, one instance may be mentioned : — 1 the Horses, and being always of the same colour are ei matched — and highly valunble for all Farming purj matched — and highly valunble lor all farming purj 1 Much of our happiness in this life must depend Ls, and crossed with the " thorough Blood" malrw on our not being too ready to believe people to be best Gig and Saddle Horses No. 3 — The celebrated Ho ■ Columbus" — 1 11 years old— is of the English "Suffolk light <( The man who only observes others and pays no breed" — is of a beautiful dapple grey colour, lie- Horse of very great power, probably the strongeS ^\ the State. His Colts are highly approved, and on The City Authorities of Boston, have returned !<';'«"' ""■"°^"^'^,=^' Cambridge at less than 4 ■ . m ^iT 1 . r 1 ■ 171 1/-, .■ old, has frequently drawn over one and a half - ,„„„ „ , ^ . ,. I eir thanks to Mr Webster for his Funeral Oration I ^^,„,i^^„f\^.^^^,-^^^_ g„,,p„t„C^„,l,rid| In the year 1798, Bernadotte, who is now king a,,,! voted the printing and distributing an edition of Sweden, was sent by the French government |of7ooo copies. on an embassy to Vienna, " where he remained j not long; for the inhabitants having joined to Laconi*))!.— After the capture of a great for- celebrate a festival to show their joy at the war- ! tress, Suwarrow wrote to the czarina Catherine in like preparations of their volunteers, designed to j his usual brief way ; " Ismail is taken : glory be "combat the Frencli, who the preceding year me- j to God and your Majesty !" A friend at our el- naced their city — Bernadotte, thinking this an- bow informs that when in the western part of this niversary an insult to his country, on the same , state some time ago, he saw a rival in brevity of day gave a festival in his own palace, in honor of jthe Russian warrior's epistle. In a hotel there a the victories of the French arms, and planted on ! letter had remained over tlie mantle-piece for the outside the tri-coloured banner. The people many months, directed to some unknown place of Vienna, exasperated, strove to compel him to in Ohio. At last it was thought advisable to open remove the banner ; the palace was forced, and it, and see if its contents threw any light on the several guns were fired. Shortly after Bcrna- subject, that so it might be forwarded to the per- dotte quitted the country, throwing the whole j son for whom it was intended. On unfolding it, blame on the baron de Thugot." — Biographic I their eyes were greeted with tlie following, in Moderne — Article Bernadotte. — i^nenrf 0/ Peace | characters corresponding with orthography : . — - — I " Deere Kuzzin Gifmyluft'to Ant Betsey No. 4— The " Hereford Bull Sir Isaac." Th mal was 3 years old last May — is dark red with "w . face — was raised on the estate of a Baronet and tr ber of the Briiish Parliament, and by him rccommei as one of the best of the breed. — They have longl known as first rate for Draught Oxen, and for '' Stall ; and have at the most celebrated C attle Shot li England for many years competed with the " Impp !■ Durham Short Horns." They rank high also foi Dairy. This Animal is now at Northampton and will b sale at the Hampshire Cattle Show in October r r under the direction of the President of that Socitt '' (Signed) JOHN PRINCE, ) Com RICHARD SULLIVAN, S lee- \ Roxbury, 18th Aug. 1826. JVeivspapers. — Newspapers are things that can | We are awl well, thank God !■ be dispensed with, as costing money'that might be jhas hang'd hiirself — vers affekshinately ures, saved — So is the schooling of our children, so in- Kinderhook Herald. Mika Parkins." deed, are nine tentlis of what it ccsts us to live. — | . . — — Almost any man might lay up money every year In a sporting company an Irishman was asked if he would live on bread and water, and clothe 1 what he would take to stand out on London bridge himself in the cheapest manner he could — But 'the coldest night that ever blew. "Take," says what of that ? who would live like a brute and die iPat, " Why, I should take cold.'" like a beggar for the mere pleasure of saving mo- ney, wliich he cannot carry hence with him,though ( ^ Michigan Editor was obliged to get out his like a dead weight, it may hang upon his soul at P»P" "f the "ISth July, by his own exertions, as the last moment of his mortal existence! there are '"s patriotic foreman had not terminated his cele- few such — five or ten in a million, and what j'^'^'^tion of the 4th. ROMAN. An elegant, full blooded horse, a bi Bay, with black legs, mane and tail, of high spiril good temper, wdl stand at the farm of Mr Stephen liams in Northborough (Ms.) at |20 the season, t paid before the mares are taken away. — See New ' Ant Caddoga'n 1 l^nd Farmer, April 14. Subscribers to the JVetv England Fanner aren \formed that they can have their volumes nratlji '• bound and lettered ol 7,') cents, which f^- as chen, they can be done in this city — by sending th this office. [t^- Published every Friday at 'I hree Dollar? p" num. payable at the end of the yrar — but these pav within sixty days from the linu of subscribing entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procure.^i'f responsible subscr are entitled to a sixth volume gratis. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. _ - Publiahetl by Jqhw B. Russkll at tlic corner of Congress an<\ Lin.hill Strcots Th<. , ^^^lZl__ BOstoiV, FRIDAY, ISEPTKAiiiERl ^Lh^iuTiNAL PAPERS^ <<. Fr.ssK.NDK.N, Editor. 1826. BORER IN APPLE TREES. .\o\v is the very nick of time for destroyinn- Apple Tree Borer." Boiieiil may be derived from tlie experiments of ' cr.s, uhelher lliis experience be the eftect of iilent, or the result of a systematical pursuit )bf:crved about four years since u communication il'li-slied I believe in the New England Farmer) tiio occilpant of a garden, near a run of water, the vicinity of Boston, on which stood a fruit •e in a very decayed state, and considered past ;ovcry ; (I am uncertain whether it was a pear a [icach tree.) In the improvement of this wa- , was established a tannery; the refuse tan s thrown near, and in contact with this fruit e, wiiicli from that time revived and became a itfrtl bearer. About the same time I was occu- I J in the cultivation of an orchard of about 80 05. and my attention was attracted by a com- niration of John Prince, Esq. on the destruc- .' efibcts of the .ipple Tree Borer ; and his :hod of extirpating them. On examining my ^s I found them all invaded by that enemy ; I ceedcd witii the mallet and cltisscl as he direrl- 0 eradicate them ; and cut from three to tjf- 11 Borers, or less,from every tree in'the orchar;! ■1 two or three exceptions. Some of the trees, r the operation, were fluted almost like sn hitectural pilaster, the Borer having ascen^led sonie instances as high as 1.5 inches. The ■s are now thrifty and bearing ; and the woLvndpj ie by the cliisel are fast healing, fter extirpating the enemy as above, an axiom sometimes quote, in enforcing your exhorta- s, came to my mind ; viz, " An ounce of pre- ion is of more worth than a pound of cure," having the means at hand, I caused about a lel of refuse tan* to be spread around each , in contact with the trunk ; and such has 1 the effect that with the strictest search, and u repeated, I have not discovered a Borer in orchard since. f I also, after clearing the ■r and the Maggots from 3 or 4 peach trees in rarden, caused those also to be treated in the ^ manner, and with the same effect. ■ thorough, and so perfect, has been the cure ny orchard, and having heard so little about borer since, that I was led to hope that their >d of annoyance had passed by, and that like ocust, and the canker worm, they might not ar again for a series of years, until in your Japer the admonitions at the head of this met jre. " Now is the time, &,c," I am yours, &c. cut from the means used by the cultivator as aiiti- I doles agBinst tiie disorder. A writer for the New England Farmer, whom wc believe to be an ex- perienced horticulturist, and whose communica- tion we published vol. iv. page 28!», says : " By the recommendation of some of my neighbors I applied tan* to my trees ; surrounding the^body of tlic tree witli it at the insertion of the great roots and keeping the earth at least a foot from the tree. This I found to be the worst thing that I could have done ; all the trees which had tail about them were found to liave a double portion of these destructive insects," &c. We cannot recon- cile these contradictions, but it may be well to state that they exist, and we hope that furfcher ex- periments will be made, that the truth may be elicited, and placed beyond the reach of contro- versy. NO. (>. p. marks by the Editor — We should be happy to 1 that refuse tan applied as stated by our cor- mdent is an infallible remedy against the • : but think that further experiments are jie- ry before we can be sure that tan will «/- succeed as a remedy against the borer: ^times a disease in fruit trees may disappair, ts extinction be owing to some cause difS.r- hat which I used was of the Hemlock Bark. ^ IS 3 or 4 yea rast autumn. MANAGEMENT OF WORKING OXEN. Mr Fesse.nde.n — As the annual hoUdai/ of tlie Massachusetts Farmers is fast approaching, any- thing with respect to it may not be thought un- reasonable. At the last year's fair, among other late improvements, I observed one in the manner of managing working oxen. We are all apt to think our own way the best ; and I must confess tiiat this improvement, so different from what my rather taught me when young, strikes me at first i-npleasantly. More mature deliberation has cor- rected this my hasty error ; and I am willing to acknowledge its advantages. T refer to the iiian-" ner of some teamsters in making their oxen back': standing a rod before them and running up furi- ously, bellowing with all their might. °There is something animating in their driving, more than ! in the tame and moderate manner of others The advantages are two fold. 1st, It exhibits the cattle to better advantage; showing that they have some spirit and are not to be moved at trifles. Something like many a spirited school boy, who is not inclined to perform his task till he sees the birch, and then perhaps possessing too much de- termination to be persuaded till after a vigorous application of it. We admire the firmness of the boy. 2d, It gives your oxen a habit of working with life and energy. Man, they say, is a crea° ture of habit, and why not an ox .' By approach- ing them generally in this manner, they will ex- pect to be half killed whenever they see you com- ing, and will exert themselves to the utmost- Fear is a powerful stimulus to brutes. It incjoas- es their speed ; by the way, so much so, that it may be some advantage to the plough-maker and wheel-wiight, should they take it into their heads to run away while under the influence of it, es- pecially if your land is rough and stony. Had I patience, Mr Editor, to write, and thought that you had to read it, I would point out many other advantages. But you will readily perceive its su- periority to that method when a driver will stand beside his team and speak in a calm manner, and use a whip with no more energy than he does his voice. They might as well burn their whips at once and adopt the old maxim (which some by way This word " /an," by a mistake whirh was cor- rected m the next No. of the paper, was printed " /ar." Editor. of , mprovivg it, call scripture,) " A merciful man is merciful to his beast." Their oxen, I allow seem to obey them ; but still if it require so little' exertion to manage them, the teamster will have but little to do and should be allowed to halloo at, and whip them, if only to keep himself out of idle- ness-. To these improved teamsters I would sut- gest a further improvement, something similar to the method nn-ntioned by a very authentic travel- ler, as adopted by the Irish coachman to persuade his horses to advance.' When starting from the tavern, the cook runs out with a red hot poker to give Uiem the first impetus. After they are ia motion a lock of hay is protruded from the fore end of the coach, by means of a pole and held just beyond the reach of their noses. They are kept in motion by endeavoring to get at the hay to which they have been strangers a long time Here they have the double stimulus of fear and hunger. This account I believe to bo substantial- ly correct ; but as the author is not at hand I can- not be positive. RUSTICUS. Su Ion, August 25, 1826. [Extract of a letter from the Hon. Thomas Goi.r., of Pitlspeld, Mass. to the Editor ;] DISEASE IN PEAR TREE.S. The Hon. Mr Lowell's discovery of the small worm that is making ravages p.mong the pear and quince trees, I consider to be well founded. I saw the ravages among my trees, and commenced a search for the cause, and came to the same re- • I suit that he did. I pursued the same remedy by [ cutting on- Che damaged parts. Since then tliey appear to be doing well. At any rate, cutting off ' the damaged liuibs and twigs arrests the prog°ress of decay. It is an important discovery, and we are all very much indebted to Mr Lowell for his early and vigorous pursuit of this small but mis- chievous enemy to our fruit trees. So much is said about Potatoes, in and about Boston, that I intend to send you and Mr Lowell some of our Berkshire potatoes, which we think cannot be surpassed in quality, size and product- The crops this season will be very abundant. CURING HAY FNlaARTMOUTH. Mr Fessende.n— It hM been remarked that some farmers in the neighborhood of Dartmouth and elsewhere, are in the habit of cutting their salt grass, raking and stacking, or carting to the mow, in tijc course of the day. That by this mode it keeps perfectly well, and affords a more nutritious food than when dried in the usual man- ner. If such is the fact, any person acquainted with this mode of forwarding the securing of salt hay, would confer a favor by giving it p'liblicity, particularly at this time. ■ Yours respectfully, Dorchester, Aug. 28, 1826. J. MEARS. LIVE FENCES. A member of the Saratoga Agricultural Society, earnestly recommends the rearing of live fences ' or hedges. In situations, where stones a^e scarce, and timber expensive, they are valuable. This gentleman mentions our native thorns as suitable for live fences. We 'can only say, that alfer 14 years' trial, we have doubts whether either the m*' 4-J NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 1, Ir Virginia lUoiii, or the fciigUsli hawthoru will ever mak;^ in our country durable division fences. — They are both subject, to a great extent, to the depredation of the apple borer, or some other ot the wood eating insects, and are therefore unsafe. Whether the Cockspur thorn is or will be attack- ed by them wo know not. The best plant, so far as the experience of one of our fellow cultivators, Ei^ekiel H. Derby, Esq. will go, and he has tried it for many years, is in favor of the buck thorn. It makes a close, beau- tiful hedge, and is not subject to any disease or the deprecations of any devourer, so tar as we yet know. It is a Rhamnus. Species, Catharticus. Mass. .ig. Repos. ON THE OLD AND FAMILIAR DISEASE OF THE PEAR TREE IN SUMMER. Mr Fessende.n, — Although your suuunary and decision upon this question were designed to close the discussion, yet 1 presume it is not too late for me to declare my conviction, that I may have been mistaken. Such a weight of authority from all quarters satisfies ray mind, (for it always yields to public opinion,) that I was wrong. Vet I could have wished, that gentlemen who differ from me had not stated the rcasons^upon which their dis- sent was founded, or had assigned more conclusive ones. I could have wished ako, that some more satisfactory solution than M. Duhamei.'s had been given. For example, you, Mr Editor, and your experienced correspondent from Brookline, found your objections on tlie inadequacy of the cause (the depredations of the Scolytus) to the effecl. In doing this, you present, both of you, views of the physi- ology of plants which are entirely new to me, and which are not recogni/ed, I believe, by the physi- ologists of Europe. You proceed upon the idea, that the sap does not ascend in the hoart-wood, but solely in the alburnum, (in common parlance called the sap-wood) which led you into this, as I believe, not warranted opinion. I know of no physiologist but Duhamel, vvlio doubted that the vesicles of the heart wood con- veyed the sap, in common with the alburnum, and even he admitted, that these vessels conveyed the sap in the spring, but it seems to be now settled by more careful examination, that the sap passes thro' the heart wood, or, as they express it, through all the ligneous part of plants, though not so freely as in the alburnum, iiow, then, is it possible for you or your correspondent to decide, without trial, that the entire destruction of the heart wood in mid- summer would not produce death ? Again, your Brookline correspondent " Cultivat- or,'' asks how the insect which moyhave occiision- ed (for he must admit it by way of argument hy- pothetically) the disease above the injury could produce disease ifioic? I ask, with still greater surp, ise, how it could y«i7 of producing such eftect.-' Experience, theory, every day's observation lead us to expect most extensive disease, in all the ves- sels below, when in extreme heat and full growth, the sap is stopped in its progress and offices. Ar- rived at the point of disease, and finding the vessels all dry and unfit for its passage to the leaves al- ready decayed, unable to return to the root by the principles which caused it to rise, (rupillary attrac- tion and expansion from heat,) it must stagnate, ferment, b'ecome acid, and then putrid, and this will continue till it reaches its point of junction with the main stem. There the evil would stop, if too many limbs are not affected. Besides, if Dr Fiske's facts are correct, and I have no doubt of them, the sap ascending in the sound wood comes in contact witli the sap already in a state of acidity, and is affected and fermented by it. Cases of this sort occur every day under our eyes. The cause of the sudden death of the roots of plants cut in July and August very famil- iar to all farmers, must arise from this rapid fer- mentation. I could give a very strong example of this process which occurred this season. But let us abandon my own supposition, so strongly opposed by so many judicious men, and examine M. Duhamel's theory, compared with facts. M. Di'HAMEL is a justly respected physiol- ogist, and the best practical cultivator of fruits which the Horticultural art can boast. Still he lived in the infancy of the science — and when he states his theories, and gives the reasons for them, we may all judge of their soundness. He attrib- utes this strange disease of the pear tree to a "corrupted state of tlie circulation," a genen empirical expression, for his avowed ignorance of the cause ; for in this age, we must demand a rea- j t sonable cause for a destructive eflTect in a healthy patient. To this theory, vague and loose as it is, we have to object, its appearance in most cases on a few limbs only. I say, in most cases, because it appears from Duhamel, that it has been known for more than a century, and to myself well known for nearly 40 years, yet the cases of entire des- truction compared with those of partial injury, have not been more than one to ten. How then can a corrupted state of the juices of a tree affect from one to four or five limbs onhj ? Shall I be told that it is a sort of paralysis which affects one side only ? I shall admit this conclusion, when I learn that trees, like animals, have nerves in pairs, and can thus be partially diseased, except from external causes. But M. Duuabiee assigns causes for this disease, viz. stagnated water and too much manure. To this I reply, that out of seventy pear trees, the disease never attacked on my place but three, two of which stand on a dry gravelly hill, and the third is a natural stock, which grew in pure sand, which has been used for mortar, (so free is it from all loam) and not a shovelful of manure has ever been applied to them. The last,a St Michael's pear, having suffered much ten years since by this fire blight, is now loaded with the fairest and finest fruit. M. Duha.mel adds (to be sure) to his stagnated water and superfluous manure, " or some other causes," — a phrase which a lawyer would call a " saving clause," but which is in effect nothing less than an avowal of his entire ignorance of the true cause. — Let us then abandon the Scolytus as the cause , and confess, that we know nothing of it, but let us as rational men, proceed to cut off, not the diseased part alone, but all the limb to its junction with the main stem, convinced that what- ever may be the cause, the remedy is the proper one — and let this be done within five minutes af- ter we perceive the disease, and I am convinced by trial, that we shall never be much troubled witli it. J. LOWELL. Roxhury, August 30, 1896. The Drought appears to have caused the harvest In fail entirely in a part of N. Carolina and Ea?;t Tennessee. The productions of the earth were, uf course, imported from other places, and wera extremely dear. EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS, Delivered before the Rhode Island Society for ^ Encouragement of Domestic Industry, by iVillw j, Hunter. — Continued from page 3t). The great objection to efforts and improvemeisi of every kind, remains untouched. Do you mejj m say the querulous alarmists, to press us to agrico fpi tural exertions, at this time — when prices are loi when our barns are bursting with plenty, and v are enduring the ills of profusion and redundance Happy people, who are able to appeal to the present happiness as an argument againjt ai amelioration of tlieir condition ! As a remedy { this plethora, would you starve yourselves to deal because with an imperfect and unthrifty ogrici ture, you gather from an immense surface a si ficiency for subsistence ? Will you go on tearii that surface to pieces and drain your mot'ier ear of every drop she yields without refreshment or t cruiling? > I have avowed the opinion that our whole p|l vious condition, colonial, revolutionary, or fetfe lais ral, had placed us above the rules of ordinary p litical economy, from causes extrinsic and extr ordinary ; constituting us a splendid and hapi exception to rules as undeviating and as exact, rules of moral and political science can be. Rul not producing, like mathematical principles, m form results in every single application, but rath like cliymistry, effecting an uniformity of its om as an average of results through a course of contin ed experiments and varied predicaments. T adoption of the Federal Constitution, the prudei almost the prophetic policy of Washington — t profoundly sagacious financial system of Hamilt — the wars that sprang out of the French revol tion — the necessities and disturbances of oth countries — the neutrality of our flag — the efflf of foreign capital — gave an extension to our Coi merce — an expansion to our enterprise — an uns- countable and almost magical success to our i fairs, disproportioned to effort, and transcend! belief. This era of dazzling and periiaps delusi prosperity is passed, and no sober statesman c^ culates on its return. No one is impious enou, to avow, that at the risk of the world's peace wishes its return — God forbid that the tide of o prosperity is only to spring from the effusion of h man blood. To be sure,we hear of hopes and pr dictions — of colonial emancipations and Europe, conspiracies. Our accustomed emotions arc easi revived, and like the faithful hound we start ino sleep, pursue the game in our dreams ; we thii we hear the voice of the master urging us to pii suit, while he is only sleeping the sounder, ( having regaled himself upon tlie banquet of tl by-gone day. From habit we continue the bustl though the business has ceased. Forbear too an* rit ous expectations — allay your feverish liopes — ni| e take not the signs of the times — they are btit lowy commotions after the gale has passed— 5 lingering western corruscations after the sun set. P was again put into the ground on Monday | jom, has not been ascertained. [Boston D. Adv. j right position in swimming in preference to the hori'.ontal, as commonly practised, are — its-con- formity to the accustomed movements of the limbs; the freedom it gives to the hands and arms, by which any impediments may be removed, or any ollered aid readily laid hold of; vision all around ; and a much greater facility of breathing: and last- last. Several fields of wheat in the neighborhood are When Mr. Greene lately ascended in a ballo> now nearly ready for the sickle. The dry weath- jin England two miles from the earth the rays ' er has carried the crops to maturity earlier tlian usual. The general character of our crops may be as follows. Grain below an average and probably the sun occasioned the water to look like polishe silver. Higher up the view of the ground w-oul have been lost in this effulgence, and a luminou ball alone would have been visible. Vol. v.— No. 6. NEW ENGLAND I AR]Mr:ii. 4o VERMONT GOLD. beautiful piece of native goUl weighing nearly iinces, was lately found in the town of New- \ormont. It wtis picked up by a boy near a brook, and was studded witii crystals of /.. We have been favored by Mr. French, of city, with Ihc perusal of a letter from a friend at place, from which we cxtr.-ct tlic following uliirs ; "A mass of, native gold, weighing y ten ounces, h:iai-beeu found in this village, the farm of Samuel Ingham. In its general arance, it strikingly resembles the North- in;i Gold — specific gravity ll>..5 — considered' 1 f-!t cents per pennyweight. It was found in bank of a stream, which empties into the li opposite the village." We Ijave seen an- k'tter which says that the inhabitants of the c •■ arc about turning out on a grand • search ore of the precious metal, and every witch- tliereabouts hns been subsidized for a miner- ." We understand that a gentleman in that borhood is preparing a full and scientific ilo- lioii of the gold, and the region in whicli it bund. [Troy Sentinel.] SOUTH CAROLINA. ingenuity of the British statesman has been long period tasked to discover a cure for the of absenteeism in Irelaml — the same evil is d on Carolina, and generally on the Southern ill tlifl shape of an emigration of lier citi- to t!ie North, during the summer months. — computed that this practice subjects tins city to a drain of at least 500,000 dollars annually, this is a tile without any rcflu:;. If any of olden stream flowed back upon us — if our lern brethren visited us during our mild and iful winters, we should stand on some footing iprocity. It is true that whilst fashion fixes uarters at the North it is idle to expect her ies should continue at tlie South. But tlie tion is not confined to the mere idle throng are always borne along on the current of -it is extending to those who were former- ad with their families for the entire year, at s from which they draw tlieir revenue, and 1 contains their property. This formerly fix- Ttion of our population is becoming a part of .nnually moving mass which drains the city tate of those resources which should nourish idustry of their inhabitants. s is an alarming and we fear an increasing The abstraction of half a million of dollars annually, leaves a friglitful void in the IS branches of industrious exertion. It must ably drive our population away, if not soon ted. Our city is almost by imperceptible de- dwindling into narrower limits. Charleston Patriot. CROPS IN Bl'.RKSllIRE. An agricultural committee for vicwin" farms and crops in the county of Berkshire, having just closed tlieir first view, extending from ShefBcld to Williarnstown, state, as the result of their obser- vations, that " the prices of agricultural products will not, in several particulars, equal the last year's — and that, " there will bo no scarcity or want of food, for man or beast, in all Berkshire this year" — that much Indian corn has been sown broadcast, and appears remarkably tiirilty — that the quantity of oats sown this year, probably exceeded in acres one-half, any former year, and were never stouter or more productive — that Indian corn never ap- peared more promising — the winter wheat and rye, on an average, middling — a fine yield of peas fia.x very fine and large — a ftiir crop of barley potatoes abundant in acres — and that the meadows will tun) out far better than was supposed. [Hampden .lournal.] ARABIA! The Cheraw Spect-itor states that the weather has been dryer this season than was ever known before, occasioning great distress. The mill streams were dried up, and many persons were obliged to carry their grain from 40 to 50 miles to have it ground. A person lately travelling from Marion district, could not find a drop of water for himself or horse, in the distance of fourteen miles. A scarcity is- spoken of in N. Carolina. We hope no part of it has been caused by neglecting Agriculture to seek Gold Ore. The Wilmington, N. C. paper says the present price ol^tar and turpentine will hardly pay for the barrel ; and that it takes the sap of 5000 trees to fill 200 bbls. RKMEDY FOR. THE EFFECTS OF DRAM DRINKIXG. Whosoever makes an attempt to abandon spirit drinking, will find from time to time, a rankling in the stomach, with a sensation of sinking coldness, and inexpressible anxiety. This may be relieved by taking often a cupful of an infusion of cloves, made by steeping about an ounce of them in a pint of boiling water for six hours, and then straining off the liquor. In a state of permanent languor and debility, an ounce and a half of the cascarilla bark, (being also first bruised in a mortar) should be added to the infusion. This mixture taken in the quantity above specified, three times a day will be found a useful strengthener of the stomach and bowels, when they have been disordered by fre- quent excess and intoxication. CROPS IN BRISTOL. 3 crop of Indian corn promises to be unusually . Appearances would seem to warrant the tation also that a second crop of liay will t in some places sufficient to make up fully eficiency of the first crop. The late abundant have given new life to many of the earth's lets, and will have increased to an unusual nexpccted extent, their quantity. One excep- ;honld, perhaps, be noticed. The crop of po- 5 has been greatly injured, and in some fields, y destroyed by the continued rains which kept the earth, for two or three weeks filled water. (Taunton paper, Aug. 23.1 COPPERHEAD SNAKE. Mr. John Harbaugh of Frederick county, in a note to the editor of the Examiner, states that on the 22d ult. his daughter was bitten on the ankle by a copperhead snake, the bite of which is con- sidered fully as dangerous as that of a rattle snake. The mouth of a common glass bottle, filled with whiskey, was applied to the wound for three quar- ters of an hour, and when taken away the poison was found to be nearly all extracted. The poison was distinctly seen passing from the wound into the bottle. A perfect cure w^as effected by this simple remedy. [Bait. Amer.] In a Paris paper called the Nouveante, it is stated that there are 4000 dwellings to let in that city, and that the price of rent diminishes every day. From the Massucliusell.i Yeoman. FLIES, BUGS. WORMS AND GRARSHOP- pj';rs. Much has been said and written, this season, on the destructive operations of the fonijrir,^ parties here introduced. In the early part of the season the plants in the gardens surrendered at discretion to the three first Divisions abovcnamed. Since that time, the Jlcld has been stormed and taken by light-horse or Jli/ing artilleri/, in the rear a sort of corps de reserve. Swoni, famine and pestilence never made sucli ravages among the race of men, as these have made among vegetables in some parts of the country, especially in the southerly parts of Vermont and New llampsliire, and the northern parts of Massachusetts, where every green thing has been devoured. But while every tongue has been employed in uttering useless complaints, I, like " Clodpole," have been " think- ing to myself," the result of which is, the belief that the unusual number of these destroyers is oc- casioned by the destruction of those feathered tribes which were designed by the Creator as a check upon the increase of insects and w orms, by making them an article of food. In other words, I consider these insects as a judgement froiu heav- en upon the land, for the wanton cruelty of its in- habitants in shooting and killing birds. Illustration. My neighbors expressed their aston- ishment that every thing in my garden should look so tlirifty and flourishing, while every plant and vino in theirs was cut down and destroyed, almost as soon as out of the ground, by the bugs and worms : and begged to know how I preserved mine from these destroyers, " O Sir, I have no concern about it ; my robins see to that." I pre- serve these from their enemies, the boys and cats, and they preser\ e me and mj mine from the ene- mies before mentioned. In one corner of my gar- den, near my dwellirf^r, is a tree on which a couple of tliese friends of man have reared their little families for eleven successive years. There has ev- er been a harmony between my birds and me. — The dawn of day is ushered in by a song of praise to tlieir Creator, much to the delight and instruc- tion of the humble instrument of their protection. The inference I would draw is, that the birds arc intended by the great Author of Nature as a dou- ble blessing to man, by enlivening the scenes' around him by their meloilious songs, and by feed- ing on those insects which devour the fruit of his labour.' By killing birds, man perverts and con- tumeliously rejects this blessing, and thus brings upon himself a curse. One bird will destroy ten or twenty small flies in a day.* Grasshoppers, in the early stage of their existence, and for some weeks after their appearance, are not larg-er than small flies ; and ten or twelve birds would clear a whole field of them before they could be large enough to do any considerably injury. Parents, as you value property, or the blessing of heaven, pre- vent your boys from shooting birds. AMICUS. * This estimate of our correspondent is, we sus- pect, much too low. From careful observation it has, we believe, been ascertained that a single bird will destroy a much larger number of insects in a day. — Editor. No man ever offended his own conscience but first or last it was revenged upon him for it. 46 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 1,182(1. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 1, Ib-'G. AORICVIiTURAIi AXIOlttS. In no department is Bacon's celebrateJ maxim more true, ('• Knowledge is Power,") than in re- gard to agriculture ; Hence no farmer can be ac- counted skilful in his profession, who does not avail himself of the information to be derived from the experience of others, and who does not improve his knowledge of husbandry by the perusal of the the whole loss in tlie two bushels, botii by grind- ing and dressing, did not exceed two pounds and a half. The bran and jioUard were also dressed in a bolting mill, and produced, lbs. oz. Sharps 6 0 Pine Pollard 5 8 Coarse do. 7 8 Broad Bran 5 4 24 8 One pound only was thus lost in the bolting, and ,11 >,„, „ .,.,;ff„„ ^M tl,-,t oiih if the sharps had been sifted, they would have af- ab est works which have been written on that suD- j. , , ,, "^ , . ' ■' ,,^ ... . . , ,, ■ • „ .!.„. ,!,„ „„„,mnni<-n lordcd three pounds of good flour. We are inchn- iect. It IS absurd to imagine, that the communica- ,.,,-,„ .t j ■ -i i . -f .u ■> ^, , , , ■„,;.,„ „-Ki,.v, i,„o i.rnmnt I ^d to think, from these and similar data, if the ton of knowledge by printing, which lias promot- | c ,' ■ ^l . c a -1.^1. ", , , / e „„„„7„ti,or nrt shniild hp i pncc ot wlioat were given, that of flour might be cd the advancement of every other art, snouia De , f 1 .1 r j 11 easily ascertained, and those frauds which are now tlie grain harvest drowned by wet weatiier. doubt partial and local injuries have been siist.ii ed from both causes ; still we have reason to ho that the year will be " crowned with goodness. Potatoes in moist land, we are told, have rotted t a great extent. But in dry soils they promise we Indian corn bids fair for a large crop. Secor crops of grass which have not yet been cut, ai consequently spoiled by the late storm will prob bly be uncommonly fine. Fall feed according appearances wiir be luxuriant. Turnips and ru baga have had a favourable commencement ; ai we have every reason to hope that deficiencies some crops, of which great complaints have bei made, will be compensated for by uncommon pr ductiveness in other crops. of no use in agriculture. Endeavour to raise good grain for it will always sell, even in years of plenty ; whereas it is only in dear and scarce seasons that there is a demand for grain of an inferior quality. Let your stock of cattle, horses, &c. be of the best sorts, and more remarkable for real utility than for beauty or fashion. Be not above your profession, and always con- sider it as the first that any man can follow. Admit no guest into your house, who cannot live upon the productions of his own country. No fanner ought to undertake to cultivate more land than he can stock and manage to advantage. It is better to till 20 acres well than 100 in a slov- enly manner. A man's owning a large farm is no excuse for imperfect tillage. What he cannot improve, he need not undertake to cultivate. Most of our land in New England, if left to the operations of nature will soon be profitable for fire wood and timber. Large pastures may be profitable with no other la- bour than what is necessary to keep them clear of buslies. But to run over twenty acres of plough- land or mowing-land for what with good cultiva- tion may be obtained from five acres is the quint- essence of bad husbandry. A large farm without skill, capital, and industry is a plague to its owner. It is like what somebo- dy said of self-righteousness, the more you have of it the worse you are oif. Be not afraid of trying experiments, but let them bo on a small scale at first, and few at a time. AGRICULTURK AND MANUFACTURES. There is no way in which agriculture can be so well promoted as by the patronage and increase of manufactures. A home market is better for the farmer than a foreign market because it is at hand, has nothing to do with the power or caprice of for- eign nations, and is more regular and better to de- pend on. QUANTITY OF FI.OUR IN A BUSnF.L OF WHEAT. A correspondent of the Editors of the Enc)/do- pedia Britannica (Article Bread,) states, that he practised with impunity, could be effectually pre- vented. BOILED GRAIN, GIVEN TO HORSES. It is satisfactorily ascertained, that boiling grain of all sorts for horses, and giving them the liquor likewise, will keep them in better condition than double the quantity in a crude state. .Ms.Jlg.Rep. CHEAP METHOD OF PREVENTING THE DISAGREEA- BLE SMELL OF PRIVIES. In some houses, privies, when badly placed and ill taken care of, diffuse an odour as inconvenient as unhealthy ; but the means of remedying this evil is exceedingly easy. If a certain quantity of milk of lime (w'ater in which lime has been dissolv- ed, and whitened by the fine particles of that sub- stance) be mixed with a ley of ashes, or sopy wa- ter that has even been used for washing, be thrown into the sink of the privy, it will destroy the offen- sive smell. By these means for the value of a few pence, any collection of filth whatever may be neutralized. By the same process conveniences for sick persons may be kept in their apartments. Nothing is necessary but to have a tub covered with a board as a seat; five or six pounds ofquick- lime, a small quantity of ashes, and two buckets of water thrown into the tub, will prevent any disa- greeable odour. It may readily be conceived that the same process may be employed in regard to a night chair. The fecal matter, after being thus neutralized is an excellent manure for land. [Repertory of Arts.] THE WEATHER. After an almost uninterrrupted succession of wet and wearisome days and nights of about three weeks' duration, when the sun was almost as great a stranger as the sea-serpent, we are at length blessed with a cloudless sky. We have had Eiirusque JVotusqite crcbri procellis ; that is to say. East wind and South wind mingled with storms, till the sky and the hopes of the hus- bandman were involved in a gloom which seemed perennial. But we have now abundant evidence that the sun has not deserted the Solar System, and his having hidden his head for a season causes us to rejoice the more in the light of his counte weighed two bushels, Winchester measure, of [nance. The storm breathed its last in a pelting wUte and red wheat, the whole of which amounted ' ^^A pitiless shower the fore part of the night of to 122 lbs. This wheat was ground under his own j ^^e 29th ult ; and since that time tlie weather has inspection, and yielded 121i lbs. of meal, so that ! i,gg„ delicious. the waste or loss in grinding the two bushels, ( Agriculturists complain that they have suffered amounted only to half a. pound. The meal was al- : ^^g n,„cii by superabmidant rain in the latter part,as so dressed in his presence, and produced 93J lbs. j by the want of rain in the fore part of the season, of .«fronds, and 25J lbs. of pollard and bran, so that ' The hay harvest, thev say, was blasted bv dry. and ON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASIf* OF HORSES. (Continued from page ^\.) It sometimes happens that, notwithstanding e\ ry attention is paid to a horse, with regard to fee ing, exercise, and grooming, he continues thin a out of condition: this, upon a careful examinatii will often be found to depend on one of the folio ing circumstances: 1. Tenderness of the Mouth. — Young hors about the period of changing the teeth, are son times observed to feed badly, while at the sai time they look dull and languid, cough more or Ic and not unfrequently have a slight degree of fev This often depends on the mouth's becoming s and inflamed, which, on examination, will rea( be perceived, and is generally attended with so degree of disturbance in the functions of the st< ach. In this case a mild laxative should be giv and tlie mouth washed by means of a syringe « '^ the following lotion. If the eyes appear to be flamed, bleeding is also necessary ; and as lon| the mouth continues tender, his food should con chiefly of bran mashes, in which may be pu small proportion of bruised oats or malt, or a li sweet oatmeal. Lotion for the mouth. Powdered alum ^ ounce Honey 2 oz. Infusion of roses 8 oz. Mix. In eld horses the insides of the cheeks someli become sore, and even ulcerated from some jecting points on the outside of the upper grim teeth. This is a considerable impediment to n tication, and causes a horse to swallow a par his oats unbroken. In this case they are not ac on by the juices of the stomach, but pass off changed. There are few horses that do not si low some part of their oats unchewed ; particu ly such as are greedy feeders ; hence it ar that birds and poultry so carefully search the d of horses. The mischief arising from swallov unmasticated grain is greater than many are av of In the first place, there is a considerable w of corn ; in llie next, the digestive powers fruitlessly exerted ; and if the quantity of unb: en grain is considerable, it often swells in stomach, causing violent colic and sometimes { a rupture of its coats ! several instances of wl have been recorded by veterinary writers In stables where several horses are kept witl being separated by partitions, a horse with a V' cinus appetite will often rob his neiglibours oft allowance, which he cannot well accomplish w out swallowing a great deal of it unbroken, such cases the remedy is sufliciontly obvious, lie lie, Wri Vol. V No. ti. NEW ENGLAND FAHIMEU. 47 » aJviintages ot' bruisinjf grjiii ami of mi\iii4 ivitli ciil liuy and straw have boeii before point- out. \V:ion tlic olieek is injured by tlic upper nduig teeth, it may bo perceived by scparntini; jaws and pressing out the ciieok witli the er : there is also a tenderness observable upon sing the chock on the outside against the teetli. e horse's manner ofchewing also is remarkable; I he is often seen, after attempting for some time n.isticate his hay, to throw it out in the manger, ed up like a large quid of tobacco. .\s soon as teeth are known to bti in this state, the keen harp edg'." siioul 1 be filed off. The sore cheek 3 be afterwards washed by means of a syringe, ii the lotion before mentioned. Horses are le also to caries, or decay of the fore teetii, and bably to tooth ach. Sometimes we observe a at irregularity in the first grinding tooth, one rising considerably above tlie rest; this is ly knocked olfuith a blunt chisel and mallet, e horses are in the habit of throwing out their in the manger in the form of quids, when no ;rfection can be perceived in the teeth : Such es are denominated by dealers quiJders, and considered of no value. This may depend on e injury in the articulation of the under jaw, ■om 'want of power in the muscles concerned :astication or swallowing, giving balls awkwardly, or rather in drawing lonorue with too much force, the skin under- h it, or the bridle as it is called, is sometimes rated in a considerable degree. It is known le horse's feeding with difficulty and fretting e mouth. This may be soon cured by keep- im on soft food, and syringing the part three 3ur times a day with the lotion mentioned e. The bars of the mouth, or that part where dt of the bridle bears, are sometimes injured, jecome an impediment to feeling. When this •t attended to, the bone often becomes carious I troublesome disease will be establislied. — examining the mouth in such cases, a small ■ may be seen in the gum, between the tusk .he first grinding teeth ; and on probing this ■, the bare bone, or the carious part of it will adily felt. When the disease has proceeded far. Surgeon White directs to scrape the dis- 1 surface of the bono with a drawing knife, vhen the bleeding has ceased wash it with a ion of sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) ; after '. cure may be accomplished in a short time by ing the lotion above mentioned, or tincture of a skin on the inside of the mouth near the of the lips, sometimes is found swoln and r, so as to give pain in feeding. It may gen- be got rid of by some astringent lotion, sucl" it given above. But when the swelling is Jerable and cannot be thus removed, the prominent part should be cut out with a knife ssors, and the wound afterwards washed with tion of sulphate of copper. A cicatrix will "orm by which the tumiu. ■.;— Iht " L'levtlaiid Bay" Horse Hir Imuc—ia a beautiful dark bay with bl.ick mane, tail and legs, 134 hands high, was throe ytara old Inct .May, and has scarcely arrived at his prime. — 'I'his breed is consider- ed in Knglaud very superior for gentlemen's Carriage Horses, and being always of the same colour are easily matched — and highly valuable lor all Farming purpos- es, and crossed With the " Ihorougli Blood" make the best Gig and Saddle Ilorsus. No. 3 — Hie celehrated Horsn " Columbus"— he is 1 1 years old— is of the English " Suffolk light Cart breed" — is of a beautiful dapple grey colour, lie is a Horse of very great power, probably the strongest in the Slate. His Colta are highly approved, and one of them now owned at Cambridge at less than 4 year-* old, has frequently drawn over one and a half Tons, exclusive of the wagon, from Boston to Caiubridge. No. 4— The " Hereford Bull Sir Isaac." This Ani- mal was 3 years old last May — is dark red with white face — was raised on the estate of a Baronet and mem- ber of the Briiish Parliament, and by him recommended as one of the best of the breed. — They have long been known as first rate for Draught Oxen, and for the Stall. ; and have at the most celebrated Cattle Shows in England for many years competed with the *• Improved Uurhaai Short Horns." They rank high also for the Dairy. This Animal is now at Pforthampton and will be for sale at the Hampshire Cattle Show in October next, under the direction of the President of that Society. (Signed) JOHN PRINCE, ) Commit- RICHARD SUMdVAN,^ Ite. FESSE>DEN & ANDRE\V.S, at their Forge & Iron Foundry at Billerica Mills, manufacture Cast Iron Ploughs, all sizes of the best stamp. They are light and strong, make the best work, highly extolled when tried, and are (or good farmers, who wish " to speed the plough" to their own satisfaction, worth having. — Orders to them or lelt at J. P. Fessenden's, Portland el, Boslon, will meet prompt attention. PRICES OP COUNTRY PRODUCE. street, Boston, will meet prompt attention. JUST published, by Wells & Lilly, the Quarterly Review for June 1&26. CONTENTS. 1. Mr Wiffen's Translation of Tasso. 2. The Man in the Iron Mask. 3. Bernardi:— On the Art of Swimming. 4. History and Piospects of English Industry. 5. Anderson's Mission to Sumatra. 6. Canova — British Sculptors. 7. Translations of Goethe's Faust. 8. Scientific Institutions. 9. Architectural Improvements in London. 10. Life of John Philip Kemble. 1 1. Anglo-Saxon History. Wi THIN the last three years the Trustees of the ."Hassachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture have received from England several very valuable Animals, presented to them by the public spirited British Admi- ral Sir Isaac Coffin, and also his brother General John Coffin, natives of Massachusetts, with the sole object of improving the breeds of this Stale. And the Trus- tees believing that their generous intentions would be more extensively realized, if owned as private property, than by any method they have been able to devise as a public body — have resolved to dispose of them at Public Auction at their next Cattle Sl.ow at Brighton on the Iflth day of 01^ August 2i PATENT HOES.— J. & A. Fale's Patent Hoes ( stantly for sale by I'rench & Weld, 31 & £ Market St., and French & Davenport 713 W<\5hini Street, who are appointed sole agents for vending same^ eptf. Boston, April 28. 182H ROMAK. An elegant, full blooded horse, i Bay, with black legs, mane and tail, of high spirit I good temper, will stand at the farm of Mr Stephen W| liams in Northhorough (Ms.) at $20 the seaso paid before the mares are taken away. — See New Fi i land Farmer, April 14. Subscribers to the .Veic England Farmer r.rt . formed that the;/ can have their volumes nenthj h< bound and lettered at 7.5 cents, which i.i as cheafi theij can be done in this city — by sending theutt this office. ^/-Published every Friday at Three Dollars per S num. payable at the end of the year- but those w pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing P entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. NKW ENGLAND FARMER. Published bv John B. Russkli. at the corner oi ; onjrress ami biiuiall ritrcets. — Tiiiijia= U. Fessenuew, hditor. YOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8. 1826. NO. 7. ORIGINAL PAPEllS^^ iTtHE DIFFICULTY OF RAISING THE GRAPH, WIIETllKR NATIVE OR EX- OTICK, IN THE OPEN AIR. Tliis is a most delightful and siilutary fruit. — wenly years' e.Kpericnce has shown, that it is a ry precarious cultivation with us. Two causes ive seemed to produce this uncertainty. The ■St is the check, which the grape vine expevien- in the approach of autumn from the fogs, and lid nights, which succeed the heats of July. — iforc wc had any insects to annoy us, our hopes ere often blasted, by the appearance of a mil- \v, which covered the bunches of grapes and new shoots, on which they were borne. To is evil succeeded another — an insect with white sects, I beg leave to ask you to insert it in your Journal. liuihury, Aug. 8, ]82(!. RECIPE TO DESTROY INSECTS. Three pounds and a half of strong soap — flour of sulphur 3 pounds — musliroouis of the wild sort, ••i pounds ; or three pounds of tobacco loaves or stalks — sixty quarts of running water or rain wa- ter. Divide the water into two equal parts — pour one half into a small barrel v^hich is to be e.xclu- sively used for this purpose — put the soap in and stir it well, and add the mushrooms after having crushed th^m lightly. Boil the other half of the water in a kettle and put all the sulphur in it, after having tied it up in a linen bag, to which you will attach a weight which will cause it to descend to the bottom — let it boil 20 minutes and striped with brown, the females without \ gj;,. jt ^vith a stick so that the water may receive ings, stationed on the under side of the leaf.- uey were innumerable. They feed on the epi- riiiis or outer coat of the leaf. Most of us aban- ned the culture of the grape out of doors, after nng many remedies, expensive and troublesome. e owe to the Hon. Mr Sillivan, of Brooklyn, jiraple, efficacious remedy for both diseases. — deed his success in the culture of the grape has en extraordinary, and the more grateful, and itructive, as it has proved, that there are few tural evils which careful observation, and in- stry will not cure. For the mould on the all the virtue, and take the colour of the sulphur. If the dose of these materials is greater, the pow- er of the application will be proportionably in- creased— the amount stated being the minimum which will answer. Pour the boiling water into tlie barrel, shake it daily, till it is exceedingly fetid and offensive — bung up the barrel after every stirring, and after you make use of a part of tiie mixture. Syringe' with this liquor the plants or parts of a tree infested by insects in a dry morn- ing. It is a remedy almost or entirely certain against .Ip. Parmentier, brother of a gentleman of : same name, distinguished for the cultivation the science of Natural History in Flanders, has ablislied himself at Brooklyn, Long Island, near York, where he has undertaken the man- ;ment of a horticultural garden, which will be oted principally to the grape. In a late visit this vicinity, he communicated the following ipc for the destruction of insects, especially' ise which affect the grape. It is one which hai ■n long tried in France, and found to be sur;- isful. As it is very simple and its ingredien ts all known to be injurious, if not fatal to i; a- known to Mr PAKinENTiEii their success The employment of it has never been injurious to fruits or vegetables. Mr Parmentier has tasted even cauliflowers, treated w'ith this infusion for the destruction of caterpillars, and never perceiv- ed any ill effect on the flavour. nches of grapes which will often appear where Uhe aphis and probably against others. ;re are no insects, he found the application of wdcrcd sulphur to the bunches of grapes when a wet state, so as that the sulphur would ad- re, a perfect remedy for the mould. His own perience, that of S. H.Pehki.ns, Esq. and more ;ently my own, confirms the certainty of this nedy. No ill effect whatever is produced on ■ irr'ape itself. It is easily washed off and no ill te is left in the fruit. The same application to the leaves of the plant if not absolutely successful, a very valuable 3ck to the prevalence of the insect so fatal to ! leaves. It must be shaken over the leaves lie in a moist state — it is not fatal to the insect 1 must therefore be repeated. The effect seems to be to render the leaf less ateable to them. The expense is trifling, and ■ labour not to be put in competition with the al loss of this admirable fruit. The insert at ks the native grapes, nearly to as great an ex it, as the exotick ones. A GARDENER. toxhury, Septemher 2, lS3ti. ported from abroad, and is sold at a lower rate ac- cording to its intrinsic value ; l)ut, like virtue and many other good things not in general use, though highly commended, it is not yet so e.vtensivcly known as its merits deserve. The greatest dis- couragement attending the manufacture of this article is tlie duty on sugar, which is aif essentia! ingredient. In the two last seasons they have melted down 1(;,9.3G pounds of sugar, the duty on which is $'487. This duty must be paid in advance, or long before the wine can be tit for sale, or use, and adds about 8 cents to the price of every gallon. Would it not be sound policy in the government of the United States to encourage this manufacture by remitting the duty in every instance where proof shall be given that sugar, to a certain amount, has actually bean used in any season, in any single manufactory ? As this article may be made to any amount in the Middle, the Western, and Northern States, and has been found to improve both by age und transportation, as has been lately evinced in a couple (.f pipes sent to South America, ought not the government to extend its patronage, rather than discourage the manufacture by exorbitant Taxes ? We have been informed that Messrs. Dyer & Co. who have heretofore manufactured Currant Wine in large quantities, have relinquished the business the present season, in consequence of the high price of sugar. Boston, Sept. 4, 182(i. Persons who try it will be kind enough to make ^^ ,^jjj^ ^MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES ' [Translated from the French.] Mr Fesse.vde.n — You will please to publish in your valuable Journal some practical observations, which I have tried on the culture of Indian con- and tobacco, than which there are few roots more exhausting. But I have always seen the finest crops on' those grounds where the roots have been pulled up, after cutting the heads from the stocks. There are few cultivators who fully appreciate how much the roots, after the stocks are cut, con- tinue to exhaust the land. It is therefore a very useful practice to pull up the roots. I would give the same advice to the kitchen gardener, to pull the roots of salads and cabbages, for they exhaust the land very much, after cutting the tops, and af- ford no profit. Pasture is always dear and scarce in the neighbourhood of Boston ; and care about these things, and to keep the land from useless and pernicious plants would have a great influ ence on succeeding crops, and save a great con , sumption of fodder. A. PARMENTIER. Brooklyn Horticultural Garden, JV. Y. CURRANT WINE. We arc informed that the Mess. Kenricks of Newton have manufactured about 3000 gallons in 1825, and 3G00 gallons the present season OF HORSES. — Continued from page 4ii. The lampas, which is a fulness, or swelling of the roof of the mouth near the front teeth, is sometimes an impediment to a horse's feeding, but according to Surgeon White, not so often as it is supposed to be. In all young horses this part is rather full, and often on a level almost with the teeth, without being tender or hindering them from feeding. When the mouth becomes inflamed and sore, either from teething or some disorder of the stomach, the roof or palate of the mouth also is generally in the same state. For this swelling or lampas, farriers and grooms think it necessary to apply the hot iron, and Surgeon White observes " I cannot say that I have ever seen any injury arise from the application, except in a few instan- ces, where it had been carried too far ; but I have always found that afler the operation has been performed, and some lotion given to wash the mouth, no further complaint has been made to the horse's feeding. It is better, however to try the lotion in tiie first place, which with a dose of laxa- tive medicine and a few mashes, will, generally render the operation unnecessary. Judge Peters of Pennsylvania, in an article, pub- lished" in Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultu- ral Societii, vol. iii. page 100, says " Two of my horses had swellings of the 'bars or roof of the mouth, called lampas. Young horses are most subject to it. It is occasioned by fever, and the horse should be treated accordingly, sometimes a mess or two of hard corn (Indian) banishes this pro- tub jrancc. Burning is usually practised. It is ruinous as cutfing for the haws fa disease This wine is very fine, and generally admitted not so .^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ to be superior to mo&t of the common kinds im-|oi me eyesj uui, 50 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 8, 18-21), in. known horses irretrievably injured by repeti- , This ball is intended to purge very n^ode^-^^}yf "^ ■ ■ - ■' •' but should its operation be more considerable, found with his dung, let the mouth be careiuay uu" "' •■'"= =-.",""- ■-»- - = ' examined, and the cause will probably be found.- waU iM.Lt in,a,icii V V c , 1 inade answerable for iTnorancc. which, in the case injurious effect anon the stomach, and consequent- "'■'"• ''"^^■^•o- - ' , ■■ . ,. ■ , ^ r li ■ ■ i belore us. IS attributabe exclusively to me. ly upon the skm and coat ; from this cause arise i '"-^"^^ "=>' " "^ ' - . „ small tumors on various parts of the body, hide- bound, rough unhealthy looking coat, loss of con- dition, and many other evils. The same effects:-^ , ,, ^ i, . r i k„„ that no time should be lost after the disease is dis- covered, in amputating the limb, or limbs, where it makes its appearance ; for in my garden it has PEAR TREES. ^MiK.N. — If you will permit me to reply Putting the cause of the disease in Pc^r Trees out of the qnestion, I will with -pleasure join Mr Lowell in his recommendations as to the means cold v/ind or rain ; after having been heated by exercise, especially when tlio exercise has been such as to cause fatigue or exhaustion; in this ;. ,, ^ .t r », .!,„ ■ , , ., . ■ J- „ „ „,„ „r-.„„ not been conhned to one, two or three limbs on the case, indeed, the most serious diseases are olten rt- . , , . i i i „„„ „„t „ff ;t , J , -a *• „,.„,i,.„,^„ trees affected — but when one has been cut oft, it produced, such as inflammation, or acute rheuma- '"^'-=' •" . .-i t i f- , >■ 1 . 1 „i„.,* „i,;ii las made its appearance in others, until 1 have tism, or what is commonly termed a violent chill. ''^^ "' ,, , ^^ , ^ , j ,„, .. ,• .■ , u been ob iffed to cut some of my large and most The oifestive organs sometimes become weak , , . " , . ' ; ^ , ,? .., . . „„j „„„!- 'valuable trees to su'TI an extent, as to ruin, or gradually without any apparent cause ; and such i """ ^ , is the connexion of the skin with the stomach tiiat I "^"'y/"'" '^"'^■'"- , , ,, , ., , , .. .1 • 1 • ' Mr LowELi, savs that he could have wished the coat and general appearance of the animal is | ™r i^"" ^li, bdys at i.- i, a ^ t t . 1 „<• .1 „ .ffi.,.;„„ Ti,;, ; . «,.-t ;„ that gentlemen who differ from him, had not stat- surc to partake of the attection. i his is nisi in- , » ,.,,■• j- ^ <• i ,■ , , , r- ■\ ■ .1 .-. „. I,., if !,„ cd the reasons on which their dissent was tound- dicated by a failura in the appetite, or by its be-p'''"^' , . , , . j, 1 .,„j n,i> !,„■.-■, 1 i;,,.. 1,;- Uttor ;„ ed, or had assigned more conclusive ones; and he coming depraved, the horse eating uis litter in .' , , , , , »• r . ,. ° ' 1 . .■ .u . i wishes that he could have some more satisfactory pre erence to good hay, -or eating any earihy mat- [ ""'"'f '^"-"- "\ , ., . nr vr L that comes ill his way, or licking the walls.- \ solution than Mr DrH,vMEi.'s-that you Mr Ed, This is soon followed by general debility, emacia- ^^"r, and your Brookline correspondent present 1 u wu . 'iM f ff„„f .o"! : Views of the Physiology of plants which are en- tion, and an unhealthy coat. 1 he most eftectual .'"^ " " "' "•" , . ■^ , ^Z. , '^ , ■ ■ r • .!.• „ ., ,«»„«;., „.„.i;,.;.,u- r„.fri *"-«?'/ "C'" to him, and which are not recognired remedies in this case are tonic medicines, nutrir .•,'_,.,'. . „ ^i » i J. .^ ■ , . • 1 • I ■, ■ ;i., j; by the Physiologists of Europe — that you proceed tious diet, given in a state in winch It IS easily di-! "J" "',' "/,' ,'- , / . i • .i » J , I 1 » f u „r „^^,.„A ' upon the idea that the sap docs not ascend in the gested, such as bruised oats, mashes ot ground "i'" ' , , , , . , ,, i- i i j "=,,., T> ■ . .1 . ■ '•»; »u„ r„i heart-wood, but sole V in the alburnum, which led malt, ffic. Previous to the tonic meuicme the lol- '"='""• " ; ■' , . . , . , ,. . .,1 1 i,„ „:„„„ ^ , you into this unwarranted opinion, lowing laxative should be given. iJ t., • , • ^ nr r.j-» u i c n " " I am no Physiologist, Mr Editor, but from all Aloes, from 3 to 6 drachms, that I have been able to gather from my limited v. Sowp, - - - 3 drachms, , researches, and the little observation I have mai'e. Powdered ginger "2 drachms, j i have been led to suppose that the great flow of Oil of Carawiys 20 drops, , g.,p ,vas throug-h the lignenns parts of the alburnum Byrup enough to form a ball. I or sap-wooi, and that after circulating throughout the extremities of the branches, and performing its functions through the leaves, it descended be twecn the alburnum and the innsr bark,iiicreasin; the volume of the plant und forming a new ring ^ alburnum from the extremity of the branches ' the extremity of the routs ; and that these rinj or layers of wood indicate the age of the tree. That trees sometimes li>-e for several years ter a good deal of the bark is removed round body of the tree down to the sap wood, there is doubt, and even when that which was once wood has become hard, black and even decayi from exposure to the air, they occasionally niai tain a feeble existence. This I have myself S' in two instances. But if my memory does not tray me,Mr Lowell was as much surprised at fact as I was, and considered it one of those cxli ordinary phenomena which occasionally show thei selves in the vegetable, as well .us in the ani creation. That they are of rare occurrence may I think, be seen by constant facts. The new settler intlic woods applies his a.x to thi trees of the forest, taking out a circle or ring of batl and wood as the most ready way of destroying thi trees. The gardener who girdles his vines or hi trees, is cautious not to w:ound the alburnum, fo fear of injuring the branch above the cut. Tt mice in our fields frequently seek their food fioi the bark of yoL'.ng trees which tiiey girdle, and tlj tree dies generally ; and inevitably if the sup woo be eaten off. Now if the sap had its circalatio through the ligneous part of the heart wood of Ih tree, I don't see w-hy eitiior of ihese operutioa should destroy it. But suppose llicFC is a porlion of sap carrie thiough tlie lieart and in:-:or woods generally, it I even by Mr Lowell's showing, but a small pci tion, for he admits that it does not pass witi :!i, freely as through the alburnum. — I have i.'i t; article before me that was written by 'Culiivatoi but I do not recollect that he applied the passaji of the sap through the alburnum to prove taat tl disease was not occasioned by the " Scolytus." do not see therefore how Mr Lowell mtans apply his argument, unless he means to show th the sap does not pass through the alburnum, ai therefore could not rupture tiie cellular vessels : described by Duhamel. Herbaceous and annual plants are all sap woO' and the circulation may be through the centre^^ these as well as elsewliere — but is it regularly in the old oak, the old elm, the pear and the apj that have attained any size ? The first year of shoot, whether it be from an oak seed or from pear seed, is all sap wood — but as it advances i I age that which was sap, becomes heart wood ; I the channels of circul;:lion are more open and easily passed in the outer coats, and of course I sap makes its way through these more readily I thio' those that are more compact and tough; in I same manner that the sap will push its way thr I the soft and tender bark of a limb wlien obstructe in its natural course, more easily than it will tiin the hard and tougher bark. But if the obstructifl be great, owing to severe heading down, or raM pruning, then the sap, for the want of other cbaJ) nels in sufficient number, will force its way throug the hard thick and rough bark of the tree, ifi^ cover the stem and large branches with suck^ The same thing to a certain degree may take pi|| in a vigorous tree deprived of its alburnum ta. limited extent. — The channels in the heart WM may be still sufficiently open in some trees to aJoM %• 'Tf Vol. V—Xo. i%EW ENGLAfMD 1 AKiVlEK. 51 t!ie pns-iijo ol tlio sap in small <)iiantities, unci a slii^rtrisi muuiiet, just siitficiont to J MOW ErSGl.AINI) [ AUVIKK. 53 States, and in many places in great abiiudance, rould be well to have some experiments made it to test the superiority of the colour attribul- ] to it ; and if it should be found to possess tlic ! .ities ascribed to it, of which Uicro appears to j but Utile room for doubt, it would hcccwe an j Bct of great national importance, inasmuch as, colour made from it would be superior to those I uined from Europe, and thereby frivo to tlio [ lerican fabrics a preference in tlic blue dye, in ; 1 they arc now decidedly deficient. i appreiiend these balls ore made by simply insr tlie leaves together the face ways us they gatliered : lliat when a ball is made, it fer- its and exudes sutficient moisture to cause an esion of the mass; :ind th-.it this process do- pes the colouring matter, so as to enable a wat itract it with sutficient facility, lie indigo made from the wild ;dant, i-? said to of much better quality than tliat which is ob- ed from the cultivated : but that t!ie former not alfor.i so great a quantity as the latter. PnfriJge's Practical Treatise on Dyeing. FINE GARDEN. e were highly gratified, the other day, by a to the farm of our friend, Mr .-llstoii Marsh this village. What excited our particular ration, was his extensive Peach Orchard, con- nj about 3000 trees, many of whicli have inoculated witli tiie clioicest species of that ious fruit, which could be procured. There ;everil kinds embraced in the orcliard, which 1 in succession, iind thus afford the enterpris- )roprictor an opportunity of disposing of them e best advantage. The orchard has not been productive this season ; yet in our walk igh it, our eyes feasted upon the lu.xurious of numerous trees bending beneath their ling load, to the very earth. It appears, gen- y, to be in a very thrifty and promising con- 1, and is kept with the greatest neatness. • M. has also figs, almonds, &c. growing in rounds ; but we were particularly delighted an arbour of about a hundred yards in lengf' •ed with native and exotic grapes. The vines, jh but two years old, have entirely overspread rbour, and are closely hung with large clus- f grapes, which arc just now turning ripe. — native grape, which is from South Carolina, the most prosperous condition,and much larg- an those of the exotics. They afford even a luscious sight, and cannot fail to afford tlic ultivator a handsome reward for his care. — I. deserves credit and success for the pains he aken to improve hij? fruit, and, if a bountiful dence smile upon his labour, we have no t he will receive it. — Rahway (X. J.) Mv. and will we doubt not, be read with interest andl profit by all who arc engaged in tliosc pursuits. The society then proceeded to the election of its otliccri for the year ensuing ; after which, the members, with several distinguished strangers and invited guests, repaired to llie hall of the National Hotel, wliere an excellent dinner was prepared, and a centre table, extending the whole length of hall, was loaded with tlie richest and choicest fruits of the season, contributed by the practical gardeners and other members of the society, all tastefully and beautifully arranged, and relieved by pyramids of flowers. 'Among the variety of fruits, the names of wliich were unknown to us was a profusion of melons, peaches, jiluins, pears apples, Alpine strawberries cfcc. &c. of the largest j kind and of excellent flavour. The Orchestra, over the entrance of the Hall, presented a beautiful parterre of flowers, in the rear of which was stationed a band of musick. In the centre of an arch of evergreens anu flowers, was a bust of Liniia;us, presented by the President of the Linnsean Society of Paris to the President of the New-York Branch Society. Suspended from the centre of the arch, and . immediately over the bust, was a delicately wrouglit coronet of Sowers, composed of tlie 94 classes of Linna^is; in the rear, risiu,i{ like the spire of a church, was the eternal flower, overlooking tho whole of the gay forest. — On eitlicr hand were corresponding arches, and the walls were decorated with festoons of ever- greens and roses. The flowers and fruits were, (as we understand) principally contributed and ar- r;inged by Messrs Floy, Hogg, I'armentier, and Wilson, under the direction of the committee. At half past 4 o'clock the Society sat down to dinner, Judge William P. Van Ness, President of the society, presiding, assisted by the Vice Presi- dents. Among the guests, we observed Major- General Brown; the commander of the Swedish 74 lying in this harbour ; the late President of the Cortes of Spain, and Mr. Buchanan, the British consul. After the cloth was removed, numerous toasts were drunk, accompanied by songs, mirth, anecdote and innocent amusement. [N. y. Statesman.] 7 YORK HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, e eighth anniversary of this excellent institu- which has done so much to encourage aiid )ve horticulture in this vicinity, was cclebrat- ^sterday. The members of the society assem- at 2 o'clock, in the Literary and Philosophi- oom of the New-Y'ork Institution, where, in nee of the society and numerous ladies and emeu, an interesting and instructive address Iclivered by Professor Samuel L. Mitchill, f the Vice Presidents. Tliis address (which nderstand will come before the public,) con- i much valuable and scientific information ng to horticulture, botany and agriculture. PHILADELPHIA MARKET. The Philadelphia U. S., Gazette of Monday last says — " Never, within our recollection, were the Philadelphia markets so abundantly supplied with the different fruits of the season; peaches of a large size, and most delicious flavor, were sold on Saturday, at from 6 to Id cents the half peck, and water melons weighing from 1,5 to 20 lbs. for 12J cents — indeed so abundant were tho last mention- ed articles, that a corespondent informs ns they were after the usual market hours given away to the boys and negroes,on condition that they sliould take away not less than two." TEST FOR COLOUR. A cori'espondent in the New York Statesman recommends to dealers, as an infallible test to dis- cover whether the colour of blue cloths is perma- nent, to "take a small vial of muriatic acid (spirit of salt) diluted with about one third water, rub a small portion of this on any blue, (as much as will attach itself to the cork will answer) and the col- our will immediately change, if not permanent. — A\'hcn a testis applied to a real blue, the colour is rather improved than injured by the application." Salem Observer. From tilt Hampshire Gaztllt. AGRICULTURAL NOTICES, &.c. Derived from the " BulUl in fics Sciences Agricoles ct I'cononniqucs," for May 1826. MULBKURV-TRKKS. Attempts are making in France, to extend the culture of the mulberry, and the production of -cilk. This tree was cultivated in almost all the provin- ces of France, in the time of Henry IV ; it is now- confined to twelve deparlinents, and large quanti- ties of raw silk are imported from Italy and else- where, to supply the French manufacturers. The importations in 1824 amounted to 37 millions of francs, about 7 millions of dollars. HORSES A.VD OXEN. M. Dupetitmont, in a late agricultural work, ex- amines the advantages of cultivating land by the labor of horses, and by that of oxen. He concludes that the food of horses costs twice as mucli as that of the oxen required to pertbrni the same work ; that horses have 2iil kinds of diseases, and oxen only 47 ; and tliat tho manure produced by ahorse will enrich only half as much land as tiiat rurnished by an ox. TEA OF PARAGUAY. Various plants are employed as tea in diftcrcnt countries ; there are many vegetables in America, that furnish a wholesome drink. The most cele- barted of all the teas of America is the tea of Para- guay, called matte, great quantities of which are exported to Chili, Peru, Buenos Ayres, &.c. The inliabitants of those countries always have a quan- titj' of this tea prepared, whether they are at home, or on a journey. It is prepared by pouring hot water on the leaves, .and passing it through a strainer, into a vessel called matte-pot ; this pot id suspended to the neck by a little chain. European travellers prefer this tea to some of the teas of China. Tiie tree which produces the Paraguay tea is a species of lle.t, and is found in Paraguay and in some districts of Brazil ; it resembles the orange tree. The leaves have no odor until warm water is poured on them : then they diffuse an agreeable fragrance. TEA OF CHI.NA. The 6?aci tea of China comes principally from the leaves of tho ihea viridis mixed with those of I the camellia sesanqua. a vegetable which is not tea ; and the best teas, both green and black, ap- pear to be the leaf of the thea bohea. The quality and color depend entirely upon the time the leaves remaiii on tlie tree, and the manner in whicli they are prepared. WINE FROM FRUITS. M. Batliusuis, of Prussia, says if we wish to imi- tate the wine furnished by the grape, we must take fruits which unite the different qualities of the fruit of the vine. Tlie juice of the apple contains sugar, gum, and malic acid ; and the juice of cur- rants (groseilles) contains acetic acid and citric acid. By mixing these together M. B. thinks an agreeable wine may be made. CASHMERE GOATS. A gold medal has been awarded to M. Polanceau, for his experiments in crossing the downy goats of Cashmere with those of the Angora race. The mixed breed produced by these crosses yield three times as much down as the Cashmere goats, and the down is much longer. 54 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept.8,18'3<;. NEW ENCjtLAND EAiviVlEii, . York, the iijIU to open a direct canal commuiiica _ : ' i tion tor ships, from tlie Atlantic to the Pacifii BOSTON, FRIDAV, SEPT. 6, l!«t;. I ocean, throug-h the river San' Juan, and the lak. Nicaragua, with the privilege of an exclusive navi gation for twenty years. This important grant wa DOMESTIC ANIMA),S IN FRANCE. The French farmers devote too much of their attention to the cultivation oTgrain, and not enough to raising domestic animals. The consequence is that a country which might export provisions to other markets, does not supply its own, but imports every year products of the animal kingdom to the ainountof 8 or 9 millions of dollars. In 16:J5 horses to the value of 8),4'>JI',0U0 (7 J millions of francs) were imported into France ; " We iiave to resort to foreign countries," says the Bulletin, " to mount our cavalry." In the same year the importation of horned-cattle, more than half cows, was $1,530,- 000; swine and sheep $1,51.5,000; wool .$1,750,- 000 ; cheese $800,000 ; butter .f225,000, &c. The Bulletin states as proofs of the insufficiency of ani- .„ .,,,,. 41 •, „„i „ „i -- „ .^^ J . yet green, and if possiolc before their seeds are .„i,|. flnon „„„«•■„„ this country Anattemntwi mals in France, that 20 millions of acres arpens) •'. = , . ,' , 'l , i„ 1; „ „„. w"^" """" ™en irom uiis country, .(in autrnpi, w, ' Vr„__' tripe, dried and put under cover. Indian corn ! u„ „„ j„ ,„„,i .innl.t pss a snrressfu onpi to n WINTER FOOD FOR CATTLE. We learn from various. parts of the country that i °]jtainJ>] recently from the government of Guate there is a great deficiency of fodder for cattle— ^^■^^ through the presence of Col. Williauis, ou that the drought and grasshoppers have reduced minister, by Col. De Beneski, agent fur the coir the crops of hay, on an average throughout New ; p^^y^ ^.j,,, arrived in this country, after havia England, to less than one half the usual quantity. ! accomplished his purpose, early in the preset It is therefore an important object to look out for j„(,„th^ ^nd who was recently in this city, and collect, while there is time, such articles as j T|,g ^^.JjqIc extent of excavation, we are informei may serve for substitutes for hay, and prevent a L^.j^ „oj exceed 17 miles, (the distance betsvce famine among cattle the winter approaching. Weeds of every description, which are not no the lake and river,) which will require a lockaa of 200 feet. The work is required to be comple ious, or poisonous to cattle, should be cut while gj ;„ jg months, and it is said will be commence 10 millions of the peasantry live upon buck-wheat, oats, potatoes and maise, and know not the use of meat. The low state of agriculture in France is attributed to the ignorance of the people. Some French proprietors have imported several of the long wool sheep from England. This wool is necessary for the manufacture of smooth stuffs, as Bombazetts, &,c. The decce of these animals furnishes 10 or 12 pounds of wool fit for combing. DAIRIES I.\ SWlTZERtANlJ. In some villages of Switzerland, the proprietors of COWS form companies, and bring their milk to one place, where it is made into cheese or butter. A committee elected by the company, superintends should be cut up near the roots, as soon as the j j^in an act of incorporation of the legislature ears have become hard, carefully cured, and every I fi^jg gt^te. The style of the company is " Tl part of the plant which appears above ground, | Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Company." should be converted into food for man or beast. — i -pji^ ^ggnj ^f ^^ English company was desiro The cobs should be ground, or pounded, and cob j j^ obtain the grant, or to participate in the a meal may be made a valuable auxiliary to the ■ vantages of it, and offered a large bonus for t mean- of subsistence which we provide for cattle privilege ; but it is a source of gratification th and sheep. It is a query with us, which we leave | the enterprise; skill and means of our own countt for the consideration of the practical farmer, . ^on, have been charged with the execution of tl « hether it might not be advisable even to pull up : tpuj^ grg^t undertaking. It can scarcely fail the roots of Indian corn, wash and dry them, cut ■ i,e a source of wealth to the company, and advai. them fine and mix them with other food for cattle, j ^gg to the whole commercial world. Cabbage stocks, and perhaps roots, cut with a ! ^ straw cutter, a sharp spade or some other imple- 1 Tlie Crops in J'irgiiiia. — We have seen, a? ment, proper for the purpose, Avould furnish a great the Baltimore Chronicle, a gentleman who 1 ceived, the cheese and butter returned, &c. If a partner skims his milk, or adulterates it in any way, he is immediately excluded from the company. In the butter room, one man very easily keeps four churn-dashers (battans) in motion by a sim- ble pie?e of mechanism. The four dashers or beat- ers are raised up and let down by segments of a circle fastened to a horizontal, moveable cylinder. COKFEE. The ./Isiragalus Bmlicus, species of vetch or pea, is cultivated in Sweden, where it is substituted for coffee. From Sweden, it has been introduced into Germany, where, it -has become an article of commerce. It is commonly mixed with coffee in the proportion of two thirds of these peas to one third of coffee, whi,"h are burnt and ground togeth- er. Each plant bears 200 pods with 10 peas each. SALT. A Danish agriculturist, who has applied salt as a manure to cabbage and potatoes, is of opinion that the increase of the crop does not compensate the expense of the salt. SEA-WEED. Some of the isles of Denmark have made use of sea-weed as a manure from time immemorial. The peasants mix it with the manure of their barn yards and hogpens ; sometimes they cover their lands with it during the winter, and let the rains and melted snovvs wash the saline particles into the earth. In the department of Finesterre, on the coast of Franco, near Brest, there is one of the most pro- ductive districts in Europe ; wheat yields 25 times ■the seed sown, barley 40, and rye 50 ; and other crops are equally abundant. Thii fertility is the effect of manuring plentifully with sea-weed, which is cverv day brought to the shore by the waves. the manufacture, keeps an account of the milk re- 1 deal of nutritious matter. The haulm (tops or just returned from a visit to his friends in Virgin vines) of peas and beans, are useful for fodder, if he states that the crops of corn in the neighb' dried without being too much bleached by wind ' hood of Woodstock and the adjoining county, li! and weather. Mr Lisle, an old Engflish writer, re- never promised so fair as at present. Such 1 commends elm leaves, dried on the small branches the prospects of a prolific crop that one plan as a great relief to cattle in winter. He says the ' had offered to deliver a large quantity of corn cattle will eat them in preference to oats, and five shillings, Virginia money, per barrel, delive thrive on them exceedingly. The leaves of beach ble at Winchester. and maple, and probably of others among our for- 1 est trees, would, no doubt, be usef;;! foivthc same j ^rew-Fancuil Hall Market.— We understand purpose. We should apprehend that oak leaves ' stalls of this Market are leased at the same i would prove too bitter and astringent to answer well in proportion to the number of feet, that was f for cattle-food. Potato-tops, dried, (if possible un- ^ f»r those in the old market. The leases of 3I der cover,) are said to afford a solid and nourish- ' amount to §10,000, and those of the cellars to ing aliment for hungry cattle. The tops of car- i 000 ; thus giving an annual income from the. rots, beets, parsnips, and other garden vegetables, ' l^ir and lower floor of ,$25,000. The income fi should be carefully dried' and preserved for fodder, the chambers and from the wharf is not yetr In short, almost all vegetable substances, which certainod. The sum of $100,000 has been offe- contain no poisonous quality, and which can be re- ; for the purchase of the wharf, and refused, duced to a state which will enable cattle to masti- cate and swallow them will serve as substitutes, more or less valuable, for those plants, which en- ter into the composition of what we call hay. — They should be cut fine with a straw cuttei;, or some other suitable implement, and those which are least palatable mixed with those which are most toothsome. The messes should be sprinkled with a little salt-water, when administered, and we should guess that even pumpkin, squash, and melon vines, well cured and given in that way would serve for cattle-food during a sharp frost. A London paper, speaking of their fruit market, pleasantly remarks : " the magnificent size of the fruit produced by our recent improvements in hor- ticulture, no longer leaves it a proverb, to make tii'o bites of a cherry." A GREAT ENTERPRISE. The Government of Guatemala has granted to A. H. Palmer, Esq. and others of the city of New There were 31,812 barrels of flour made>ii,[ Fly's Mills, Rochester, during last year, quantity made in the village for the same perirt jfj estimated at 1,50,000 barrels. The United States Gazette contends that a fljl ly may be well supported in Philadelphia tw five per cent less than in any other city ia' Union. The quantity of rain which fell during the of August was eleven and a half inches. fell during six hours, on the 14th, than in! whole month of July. i' Ireland. — The editor of the Cork Chronicle "The accounts of distress in this city, which us every moment, are of a description to hai the feelings of the most obdurate. There this instant in the city of Cork, families u'hichi 110! lusted a morsel of food for two days am )?iV'i«'." Yoi. v.— No. Ni:W ENGLAND 1 A8131E11. FiM:XCH WORK ON Till'- U. STATES. M. La Vas~eur, w lio acco.iipanicil General L.i lyetlf ill Ills American tour, Ins wri ten a letter a friciul in Virginia, in wliicU lie saj'i— ^ "The desire to make our countryiiien acqviaint- wi;!i what is beaiitifil, simple, ami admirable, tlie institiitions of the U. States, has siicrgested idea, wliicii appears a happy one and will ob- 1^1 sincerely liope, your ajjprob-aioii. It is the Bfcation of a monthly journal, the li'Vite .lineri- lif.a periodical paper of from eight to ten sheets ettur press, whose special purpose is to dcnion- ate by/jc/«,tl»e immense advantages of the sys- utroduced in vour country and to make the opcans more exactly acipiainted witli the hap- results, which such wise institutions linve pro- ;cd to the United States. It will be our endeav- to take advantage of all the discoveries in the ence-j, manufactures, and agriculture, which ich t!ie two Americas ; we intend also to follow m in the progressive increase of their literature, e stockholders in this useful andertaking are itlemen very well known and highly respocta- The editorship is to be confined to a young itlenian, who is my friend, and was my compan- in arms, whose talents, sentiments, and per- ; integrity are sure guaa-anteos of the excel- e of liis work." •JiiTereat is the situation of the agricultural M-er in America from that of the operative in manufacturing districts in Great Britian ! If American farmer cannot obtain money for his luce, so as to give pecuniary wages, he is al- s ab'e to feed the laborer : not so, the mauu- urer : for w!>en he ceases to pay, the opera- starves, and is driven by hunger to crime or rrection. We have been struck with the fol- ng passage of one of the letters of Wilson, the ithologist, who was, himself, in Iiis youth, em- ed in the trade of weaving, in Scotland. An clJ weaver is a poor, emaciated, helpless g, shivering over rotten yarn, and groaning ■ his empty flour barrel. An old farmer sits is arm chair, before his jolly fire, wliilst his s arc crowded witli hung beef and gammon, the bounties of heaven are pouring into his >. Even the article of health is a considera- sulEcient to make a young man prefer the rs of the field : for health is certainly the first yment of life. Hagf^-ing down trees is hard L, no doubt ; but taken moderately, it strength- the sinews, and is a manly, independent em- ment."' ilson referred to the British weaver. Tlie •rican operatives are, certainly, in % more mate condition in every respect. [Nat. Gaz.] norai'.cc. — A man in Kentucky on being in- led that Mr. Jefferson was dead, said he had ■r heard of such a person — We are told that n in the county of Hampsldre, Mas. over 40 5 of age, inquired ofiiis neighbor a year or since, whether Bonaparte was the name of a or of a city. [Northampton Gazette.] CHURCHES IN ENGLAND, le commissioners for building new churches in and, have determined on, and made provision he erection of one hundred and sixty-five ?he5 and chapels, of which sixty-four are fin- 1, and have been or a.'r> ready to be consecrat- Tie jiumber of persons accommodated in the cliurches whicli are finished, is ninety-nine tlioua- and, four hundred and seventy-eight, including fif- ty-five thousand five liundred and thirty-three free seats, to be appropriated to the use of the poor. — The an>ount already expended under the commis- sion is seven hundred seventy-seven thousand two hundred pounds. From the Jl'orcester JEgis. Mr EniTor. — Of nil the numerous prescriptions, for the cure or removal of tlie evils of do.mestic life wliich have been published, I do not recollect to have seen any one denominated, A CURE FOR THE RED ANTS. The evils of tliis little visitant, are well known to perhaps every liouse-v/ife, and perhaps nothing would more exhilirate the domestic circle than the discovery of a remedy for the red ants. Sucli discovery I have made and wish you to coumiuni- cate to the public through your useful paper. — Common Salt is a complete barrier to the ap- proacli of the red ant — Let the salt be so placed that tliey cannot approach the place from which you wish to exclude them w ilhout passing over it, and the remedy is complete. For instance ; if you wish to exclude them from the cellar cup- board or any moveable cupboard, if it has no legs, make artificial legs to your cupboard, then provide something suitable to hold for eac!i leg of the cup- board, a pint or a quart of salt in wliich place the legs of the cupboard, and sit it free from every thing else so that nothing can creep on to it with- out passing over the salt, and the remedy is com- plete.— Having tested this remedy for two seasons I have no hesitation in recommending it as a com- plete cure. Yours, DANIEL HITCHCOCK. ff'esiern, August 18, 182G. Horses, and being always of tiin same colour are lasily umlched-^aiid highly vtilii.lili- (or airFaruiiiijj purpos- 15, and crosspil with Iht' •■ llionmrrli Blood" uiaUe the l.stGi-and.'^addU: llm-, t. No. J— Tho cckbrat. (1 Ilois-c " ('oIciiiibu3"-^he is 11 yuars old-is of lb.' r.iiili«h " Sullolk light Carl liricj" — is f>f a licauliful (luppUi ijroy colour. Ho is a Mors..' of very great powi-r, pr..LiHbly Hid slroiiKcat in tlic State. His Colls arc: highly api.rove.I, ami one of tlicni now owned at Caniliridjc at leas Ili.Tii 4 years old, has fr(quiiilly drawn ovfr oni) and a half Tons, exclusive of the wagon, fron; Hn«lon to Caaibrirlge. N'o.4— The •' Heieliml Ifull t^ii haac." 'fhi« Ani- mal was 3 years old last .May — !■> ilsik rtil with white lace — was raised on the e.-lale ol'a I'aronet ami mem- her of the Bri ish Parliament, and by h!m recommended as one of the hest of the hreed. — '.I'Uey have long been known as first rate for Draught Oxeu, and for the^ Slidl ; and have at the most celebratcdCattle ?howa in Kngland for many yeais conipctcd with the " Improved Durham Short llorns." They rank high also for the Uahy. Tilts Animsl is now at Nurthaiaplon and will be for sail- at (he H^unp^hire Cattle l^how in October next, under the dinclion of the President olthat Society. (Signed) JOHN I'KINCE, ) Cnmmil- lUCHAKD SULLIVAN, < lee. Roxbury, I8tli Aug. I'6'i6. PRICES OP COUNTRY PRODUCE. ■Corrected every Thursday evening. Valuable Horses and Bulls of Imported Stock, FOR SALE. WITHI.N the last three years the Trustees of the Massachusetts Society lor promoting Agriculture have received from England several very valuable Animals, presented to them by the public spirited British Adnii/ ral Pir Isaac Coffin, and also his brother (Jeneral John Coffin, natives of Massachusetts, with the sole object of improving the breeds of this State. And the Trus- tees lielieving that their generous intentions would be more extensively realized, if owned as private property, than by any method they have been able to devise as a public body — have resolved to dispose of th. m at Public \nction at their next Cattle Show at Brighton on the 18th day of Ortober iiext, under (he positive limitation of their being always kepi within the Stale of Massachusetts. The .Subscribers being appointed a Committee for thi- purpose, will receive proposals for private sale, Mill said day, and give every information relating to (them. j No. 1 — The full blooded " Improved Durham Short I Horned" Bull Admiral — was raised by the celebrated j John VVilherlll, England — is the " grandson on both sides of Comet (of which testimony can he exhibited.) He is of a beautiful Roau colour, was 5 years old last I May, is perfectly gentle, and is presumed to be equal I to any Bull of this most celebrated hreed ever imported to this country, having cost in England One Hundred 1 and Twenty Guineas. This breed are presumed to ar- rive at maturity for the stall much earlier than any other — and are geni^rally great milkers. Xo. 2— The " Cleveland Bay" Horse Sir hnac—\s a heayiiful dark hay with black mane, tail and egs, I5J hands high, was three years old last May. and has ■^earcely arrived a* bis prime. — Thi° breed is consider- ed in Englaad Tery superior for gentlemen"'s Carriage lb. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEFs mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No I, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. L new CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed iiillk. - - FLAX r - - FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, . , , Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - - - - Barley - - - - Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, i\o 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern Igal PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton PORK, Bone Middlings, new, |hbl navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - - 'bu Clover . . - - - WOOL, Merino, full blood, wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, LamVs, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. \ BEEF, best pieces - - . - , Ih. PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - - VEAL, j MUTTON, I POULTRY, ---... BUTTER, keg & tub, - - I lump, best, - . - \ EGGS, - -i MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - - ibusi Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - - . CIDER, liquor, (.new) - - - |bbl. FROM bbl 1 2i (on. BO CO 95*00 bUsh 2 00 Jbl. 10 00 8 00 6 00 lb. la !; 3 9 jusb 95 3bl. 4 75 4 50 •3 25 bush 72 TO D. C 1 37 82 50 97 50 2 12 10 25 8 50 6 50 18 10 4 18 1 00 4 87 4 87 3 50 15 18 90 1 00 75 ■80 2 50 2 75 14 25 14 50 11 25 11 53 10 !17 11 50 1 (J7 1 70 8 33 50 -2i 33 30 ^r. 10 12 9 6 6 10 5 10 10 20 18 20 25 12 90 1 oe 9li 1 00 50 3.'- i'St^ 56 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 8, lem. xiiixsciiiiiiAinss. STANZAS SufCgested by hearing a person assert that Henry '■ ^vbo was a rival candidate, for some expressions Kirkc White did not merit the degree of fame he '• ^ged on the hustings. They fought in the rain at English Election. — Mr Beaumont, who was aj candidiite lor Northumberland, had fought a duel I with Mr Lambton, a relation of Lord Hovvick '• ome e.\pressions Jiad acquired. (by MRS. CORNWALL BARO.V WILSON.) And dost thou grudge the wreath of Fame, Upon the mitistrerii grave to lie ? And dost thou grudge Uie Poet's name, To him, thus early doom'd to die ? Alas — the child of genius knows, [low dearly are such honours won — By faded cheeks— by lost repose — By life extinguish'd ere begun I Beside his lamp, at midnight hour. Learning's pale m.irlyr sat and kept Vigils of soul-inspii ing power, While those less gifted slept ! 'Twas then, he turn'd the classic page, Wlien favouring silence reign'd around ! Then pored o'er many an ancient sage, And trod on sacred giouud I Yes '. 'twas in midnight's hallowing gloom, • Wasting life's dim and feeble fire, The poet dug his early tomb. And woke his plaintive lyre ! Then, — his heart burn'd o'er Homer's theme. Or wept with Briton's matchless child, By Avon's fairy-haunted stream, Echoing liis ^^ wood-nott s wild I" None but the child of genius knows How dearly are such honouis won — B^fa^ed cheeks — by lost repose — By life extinguished ere begun ! Then do not grudge the wreath of Fame Upon her Henry's grave to lie ; Like spring's first flowers, the poet came, To blossom — and to die ! I twelve paces, and exchanged one inefiectu-al shot, ; the police being all the time in hot pursuit. London papers estimate Mr Beaumont's election I e.Kpenses for Northumberland at $337,000, Mr i Liddell and Mr Bell, !i?135,000, each, and Lord ; Ilowick about $88^,000. Tf'ar against the Sivinish Multitude. — As the hogs have recently become exceedingly bold, not regarding tiio laws of our city, or the worshipful I I makers thereof, the Mayor yesterday directed the ; marshals and constables to prepare for fatigue du- ! ' ty and have the hog carts brought forth for service I ! this morning. Our citizens, therefore, may count I upon louder music to-day, than the musquetos 1 made last night, and there will be greater discords. I By the bye, we never saw the harmony of the po- ! lice officers so much disturbed, as last evening, j while dwelling upon the mayor's order, and the 1 anticipated horrors of to-day. The terrors of bludgeons and butcherknives, pikes and pistols, were nothing in comparison with their dread of their new duty: and from their language you would 'have sworn that any two oftliem would sooner at- tempt to rescue a robber from the body guard of Sa- tan himself,than to fill a single hog cart. Fortunate- ly, hon'ever,the mayor's order was percmpiory,and the officers will be obliged to clear the city of the swine, or clear out of office themselves. After this week, therefore, our Philadelphia friends may rest assured that hogs will no longer be seen run- Biter hit. A travelling Tin Mercliaut, from the ' ning about our streets with ladies on their backs, land of " wooden nutmegs and horn gun flints," , or children in their mouths. [N. Y. Com. Adv.] while moving with his portable ware-house through an adjoining town, called upon a very shrewd de- scendant of St. Crispin, or in other words, a pretty " wide awake " Shoemaker, who having on hand a Plattsburgh dollar, thought the prosent opportuni- ty a very line one for disposing of it — besides the immortal honour he would acquire by having 'suck- ed in a Yankee Pedlar,' a consideration of no small JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's JVurscry a> Flushing, on Long Island, near J\l York. IN be! alf of the proprietors of the ab nursery, the subscriber solicits the oirlti liurticulturists who may be desirous of 8tc ing til. ir g;irdens and fields with fruit trees of the fit sorts and most healthy and vigorous slocks the pre; autumn. Bi.ooncooD i- Co. attend personalli/ to the hiocula. and tngrafting of all their fruit trees, and purcha may rely with confidence that the trees they order prove genuine. The subscriber, agent of the above nursery, will ceive orders lor any quantity of FRUIT AND FOREST TRF.ES, FLOWERI.\G SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at the and expense of the Purchaser; the bills may be to him. The reputation of this nursery is so extensively kr and has been so well sustained that 1 take leave t ler those in want of trees to any ol the Ho ticulti in tl.is city and its vicinity, and if ocular demonstr: ie desired,. I invite those who wi'h to be thus salii to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchester cured from this nursery for three or four years some of which are now in bearing, all in a health) vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applic to ZEB. COOK j Rogers' Building — Congress Stre ■ Boston, ^ugusl "iblh, M'i^. eotf. A tradesman has just commenced business, and to the great surprise of all his customers, has only four weights, with wliich he weighs any number of pounds from one to forty. Query the size of the weights? — Alexand. pa. [\, .3, 9, and 27 pound weights.] A short time since, 5,000 water tnelons were brought to Newbern in one day. One person alone importance, it being generally believed a very dif- ficult point to accomplish. He accordingly bought ^^ "jj'^^ j" vicinUy,"has 'reakzed"$112 50 this season", a tin paste horn, and giving a knowing wink to the j.^.^^^ y^^, ^^^^ of melons,at from 5 to 20 cents each, by-stauders, offered his Plattsburfrh bill '■^'^''^ ':<^- \\,e ^xoA^xze oi one a.nA a. >\n^TiQr acx^^a. quested the change. The pediar looked grave,and ■ rRaleioh Star.] shook his Iiead — he did not like the bill, he said, ! " for he heard the bank was down. Crispin said, { The silk imrm. — The Orleans county Advocate " there was no such a thing— the report was set says that Mr David Bottom of Ridgeway, iii that afloat by brokers and speculators, men not to be county, has engaged in the culture of the silk worm relied upon — the bills were perfectly good ; as ' and mulberry tree to a considerable extent. He specie — and as to that matter, a /i- and Native F' Wool which will be exempt from the Slate dut; per centum. Farmers and others, who wish lo avail Ihemsel' this o|iportunity of disposing of their Wool, are ii ed that we are in readiness to receive at any time the 9th September, at which time our catalogue \ closed. — *^lso at the same tijne — 300 bales Smyrna ) 65 do. Saxony Electoral, \ WOOL. 100 do. Spanish ) This Wool may be examined on and after th of Sept. until the day of sal COOEinOE, POOR & HUD, ^uct. JnJ «f, bill to be a good bill, and the bank that issued it, to be a bank of " exceeding good repute." The bill being so highly recommended, the unsuspect- ing pedlar put it in his pocket, and handed out the change — the by-standers put on long faces — the shoemaker laughed behind his ears and no one looked really honest but the pedlar. But trading did not stop here ; Crispin, elated with his success offered to sell the man of tin, a lot of shoes, at a [N. Y. States.] A store is about to be opened in Philadelphia, where, for the encouragement of raising of silk worms, raw silk and cocoons will be purchased and promptly paid for. To Farmers and Jlgriculturists. WHITE MULBERRY TREE SEED Geori.e Mcrdock, No. 14 Market Square, h; received from Windham county, Connecticut, a. quantity of While .Mulberry Tree seed, of this se- growth. The excellence of the leaf for the food Silk Worm is too well known to need further r mendation. 6t. August' ;ali ROM..iN. An elegant, full blooded horse, a Bay, with black legs, mane and tail, of high spiM " good temper, will stand at the farm of Mr Stephef ^^ liams in Northborough (.Ms.) at $20 the season, paid before the mares are taken away. — See New of land Farmer, April 14. Hydrophobia. — A most melancholy occurrence took place on the G ult. on the south side of Fish- Creek, Chester District, S. C. Mr Pagan reduced price, for cash. The pedKir bargained for and his whole family, consisting of seven persons, them at $10— deposited the shoes in his cart box ' and three of Mr Abraham Gill's children, in the —paid the amount in Plattsburgh bills— and drove i same neighborhood, were bitten by a dog belong- leisurely off, whistling the old tune of " Catch a \ ing t" Mr Pagan. Mrs Pagan has already showed Ifeade asleep." [Schoharie Republican.] I symptoms of this most terrible disease. Subscribers to the JVem England Farmer (T ll formed that they can have their volumes neatly til bound and lettered at 75 cents, which is as cht * of they can be done in this city — by sending fk «ilet this office. •J:5=Publishfd everv Fridsy at Three Dollars p|l>g! num, payable at the end of the year — but the* pay within sixty days from the time of subscribii| entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. ,. Gentlemen who procure ^'le responsible subs!' are entitled lo a sink volume gratis. NEW Published by JoH>\ U. K VOL. V BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 18i6. ORIGINAL PAPERS. APPLE TREE BORER. [r Fi;sse.n'de> — Havinj more than once lately in yoiir,cxce!leiit paper, am! often iiciird in vcrsatioil !\lso, by very respectable persons, on ubject of tlie" Apple Borer" that tlie best liod of destroying these insects was to " plun- the holes" — and by others to fill in " corrosive imate," "sulpliur," &c. I suppose " Jfasfy liiing" would be as good as either. But, to be — for tlie writer of this has probably had rly (IS much e.\perience in this matter as any •T per.-ion, for (3 or 8 years past, — whenever see a hole about as large as a goose quill, lin a few inches above tlie surface of tbc ind on the stem of the tree, the insect in its red state has escaped — and any substance put the hole will have no eflcct whatever, only to -I out the weather. 1 feel fully convinced that titti-ard application will, destroy the worm in- — they must be e.\tracted or killed by piercing a wire or some such tiling — all the dead sub- ce should be cut out and plastered over, le winged insect may doubtless be prevented depositing its eggs in the bark near the nd by some coat of tarred paper, canvas, birch , tin, lead, or a thick plaster of lime, clay, :, ashes, or any thing that would be offensive ake it impossible to deposit their eggs — and Miging them to lay their eggs higher up on •tem or branches they would bo more readily 'Vered by the tcorm castings, and thoreforo easily got at. Yours, with much respect, NORFOLK. S. As it is well ascertained that the ^lerfect •,t leaves the tree to deposit its eggs ii those : in June, an application of the abcve, from irst of June to the middle of August at latest, d answer the purpose of preventio!i. did I lose a ])lant wiien the earth was properly and carefully moved from it. As tliey grew I carefully earthed them, but not so as to reach the heart— early in July I found that the grubs disap- peared, liaving assumed unotlier form, aud since then 1 havfc had no further trouble. ' Thi.M communication is probably neither siifTi- cietitly explicit or written in a manner sufliciently careful to have insertion in your publication,«but you may make any use you please of the facts. I am very respectfully, • Your obed't serv't PETER STUBBS. St. Andrews, (J\l\ B.) Sept. 4, 1820. No. 8. PINE TREES AND ELM TREES. Mr Fkssenden — For several years past I have tried to obtain the seed of Pine and Elm trees, frequently searching for it in tlie burrs of the for- Eier, aud among tlie branches of the latter ; but in vain. I looked in Deanc's New England Farmer and other books of a similar character, — but could ind no answer to my inqiriries. Several of my aeighbours, as well as myself, wish to plant the seed, but never having seen it, nor a description of it, we do not of course know when it niaj be gath tred. Any information through the medium of jour useful paper, would be thankfully received by A SUBSCRIBER. •■ above should have appeared several weeks ,ce, but it has been mislaid. — Editor.] SEASON IN NEW BRUNSWICK. iR past summer here has been a remarkable ; the early part for the drought, and in conse- ice a scanty crop of hay ; and the subsequent for heat and moisture, by which the crops of a are at least equal to that of any season ;- that of potatoes, (a very important crop indeed ,) surpasses any former instance. Added to tlie copious rains have filled the lakes and "s, so that one of the staple manufactures of ountry, — sawed lumber, — never at this seas- 3f the year, in my recollection, was in such e operation. the early part of the summer our gardens i infested greatly with grubs, — and young ts of every description, potatoes, cabbages, mibers, &c. were most unmercifully destroy- it was recommended to me to try an c.xperi- i. with cabbage plants, which I did, as well as ral of my neighbors, aud it was completely essful, vi/, to hollow the soil from below the ts of the plants in a circular manner, and in nsbauce did I find that the grub ascended, nor Remarks by the Editor. — Having had no experi- ence in the culture of either of the above named tioes. we' can give no information on the subject, excepting what we derive from books. Rees' Cy- clopedia, under the head "/'nufs," presents the following " Method of Culture. — In all the sorts and varie- ties [of the Pine Tree] the increase is effected by means of seeds, which may be obtained from the well ripened cones by exposing them to the heat of a gentle fire, or that of the sun, in which way the cells open and the seeds may readily be taken out. When the cones are not made use of in this way, they will remain several years without the seeds being injured, especially where they are close. "They should be sown in the early spring months, as March or the following month, on beds of fine .- earth, in a north-east aspect, or in large pots or bo.xes for the purpose of being occasionally remov- ed into different situations as may be found neces- sary. They should be covered with nets to prevent the birds from pecking off the tops of the young plants, while the husks of the seeds are upon them : and be acreened likewise from the heat of the sun at first. " All the sorts, except the stone pine and a few others, the scales of the co.ies of which are very hard, soon come up ; but these frequently remain more than a year ; the ground should therefore not be disturbed, being only kept clean from weeds in such cases. " Soaking the seeds in these cases may be use- ful, as well as sowing them in shaded situations. " The young plants in all the sorts should be kept quite clean, and occasionally refreshed with water when the season is dry, in a very gentle manner, so as not to disturb the plants. " When thoy come up too close, the plants should be thinntfd out in summer, tlic thimiiugs being planted out immediately in a .separate bed, in :i shady place, being gently watered as there may he occasion. They should be set out in rows at the distance of four or five inches, and three or four inches in the rows. The tender kinds should be sheltered during the winter by frames or mats from the frosts, but with the others it i» unneces- .sary. " When the plants have remained in these beds a year or more, according to circumstances, they should be removerl into other rows in the nursery at the distance of two feet, and one or more in the rows. In this situation they should remain till the periods of their being finally planted out. " The best seison for the removal of the plants in all cases is towards the latter end of March, or the beginning of the following month. " Where it can be done it is the best way not to let them remain too long in these nursery situa- tions, as the plants are always found to succeed best when planted out before they have acquired too large a growth. " When large plantations are to be made, it is advised by some to raise the plants, on a portion of the same groind, or as nearly similar to it as possible. " It is advantageous to transplant them every two years, by thi-t means they form better roots, and such as spread out more laterally, and of course the plants may be afterwards removed with greater f-'.?ety. " In removing the plants at all times great care should be taken to preserve the roots as much as possible, as well as all the branches, without cut- ting them. " When they have been finally removed they re- quire little more trouble, it being only necessary to keep them perfectly free from weeds, and sup- porting the larger sort of plants with proper stakes ; all the sorts should be suffered to take their own natural growth ; being careful to pre- serve their tops perfectly entire, to rhoot up as fast as possible, and to branch out in their own way, as no pruning is wanted, unless in the lower- most branches of particular trees which are thought too low and straggling, when these may be occasionally trimmed, cutting them close to the stem ; but pruning should be very sparingly prac- tised to these resinous trees, as lopping the branches contributes to retard their growth as well as to impair their beauty." Evelyn's Sylva, an English work of high author- itj', gives the following directions for making a nursery of elms. The directions are adapted to the soil and climate of Great Britain, but perhaps may answer without material variation for this country. " The seed must be gathered the beginning of June, laid in a dry place for a few days, and then it will be fit to sow. After having formed the beds four feet wide, rake out the earth, about two indies deep, and sift it into the beds again, ex- '•fpt leaving about half an inch of it to cover the seeds ; rjke it level again, and flat it a little with the buck of the spade, then sow the seeds, anl sift the remaining Gartli over them. When you have 58 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 15, le id cov- 1 ceeded by oval, compressed, membranaceous seed- ered with mats to screen them from the when it rains take them off; and if it be very dry sown the seeds, the beds must be hoonea, aim tuv- i v-^^">. — j -■— i --— r ---' . . (,e sun ; but t vessels, witli entire margins, containing; one oval weather, the beds must be frequently and gently watered. In about a month, many of the young plants will appear ; towards September the mats may be taken away, but before winter the beds must be well weeded, and a quarter of an inch of ashes sifted over them. In spring the rest will appear ; and during the summer they must be con- stantly weeded, frequently watered in dry weath- er and have some earth sifted over them. The 'February following [March or April in this coun- try] they must be taken out of the seed bed and compressed seed. The inner bark by infusion or gentle boiling in water, affords a great quantity of insipid raucous substance, a fact that may be of service to travellers wlio may lose their way in our wilds. " The late Dr. Joseph Strong, of Philadelphia, stated, that during the time he served as surgeon in the western army, he e.\perienced the most hap- py effects from the application of poultices of the eim bark to gun-shot wounds, which were soon brought to a good suppuration, and to a disposition to heal. It was applied as the first remcdv. When planted in rows three feet asunder, and each plant! tendency to mortification was evident, this bark at eighteen inclies distance, where they are to re- 1 bruised, and boiled in water, produced the most main°with the^Visual care of digging between the } surprising good effects. After repeated compara- rows, and hoeing the weeds in summer. live experiments with other emollient applications, The last American edition of Willich's Domes- as milk and bread, and linseed poultice, its superi- tic Kncyclopedia contains the follovring obscrva- 1 ority was firmly established. He thinks that the tions on the £/m. ' | rnncilage is slightly sweet. He particularly stated ther, and shown, that if the bark and alburnum be both removed, the sap and vessels of the heart- 'wood are competent to renew the bark. This^ in controvertibly established the circulation in tht heart wood. An eminent physiologist of this day has justly remarked that when we consider the almost in conceivable quantity of fluid thrown off by th( leaves every 24 hours, it is impossible to doiib that the sap passes through the heart wood as wel as alburnum — and as old trees liave a much great er proportion of heart wood to the alburnum, whili tho demand of their leaves is constantly increasin; with tlieir growth, more sap, in proportion, mus pass tlie vessels of the heart wood in oM trees tliai in younger ones. The heart wood of old trees ha keen the subject of accurate experiments for pur boses of naval architecture, as to tlie quantity i fluid it contains, and its amount and weight wlie first cut is very great. If the elin tree in Bosto tommon, for example, should be cut in Jime, il " This beautiful tree is of great value ; and well | the cases of the wounded in the action in which heart wood would be found to contain many ton adapted for'plantino- shady wal'^. Is it does not general Watne defeated the Indians in August |i,mV/,( of fluid wliicli would escape in dessiccatioi destroy the grass, and its leaves aije relishud by l/M, as proving, in the most evident manner, the ;In what state is that fluid, Mr Editor, in the capi horses, cows, goats, hogs, and shecij, all of which eat them eagerly-. Its wood, being ijard and tough, is used for making axle-trees, milltwheels, keels of boats, chairs, and coffins : it is ^so frequently changed by art, so as completely t^ resemble ma- hogany ; for this purpose it is saVed into thick planks, stained with aqna-fortis, ariA rubbed over with a tincture, of whicJi alkanet, aloes, and spirit of wine, are the principal ingredieiis. "This plant affords subsistence |o a variety of insects that prey upon it, but morej particularly to the aphis of the elm, which generally causes the leaves to curl, so as to make them al secure shelter against the weather. No effectual method of ex- tirpating them has hitherto been devised. Silk- worms devour the leaves with great avidity ; and though we doubt wliether they afford wholesome food to these insects yet when alternately given or mixed with lettuce, elm-leaves may become an use- ful substitute, in situations where the mulberry- tree is scarce. " A decoction of the inner bark of the elm-tree, if drunk freely, has sometimes procured relief in inveterate dropsies. It has a bitterish taste, and abounds with a slimy juice, which is recommend- ed in nephritic cases, and also externally as an useful application to burns. The outer bark is bitter, contains but little mucilage an(l is totally destitute both of siiiull and taste. T&e internal bark of the branches is more bitter tJ^an that of the trunk, and is, probably on that account, more efficacious. It is chiefly used for cutaneous com- plaints, such as tho herpes, or shingles, and the lepro.sy. " We have two species of the ulmus or elm, in the United States, viz. the red, or slippery elm ; the Ulmus Americana, or American rough-leaved elm of Marshall, {l7Z);nisiJij6;a of Muhlenburg;) 2d, Ulmus Moltfolia, American soft-leaved elm. " The first mentioned species, on account of its many valuable properties, deserves particular men- tion. It rises to the height of 30 feet with a pret- ty strong trunk, divided into many branches, and covered with a light coloured rough bark. The leaves are oblong, oval, and sharp pointed, unequal- ly sawed on their edges, unequal at the base, very rough on tlieir upper surface, and hairy underneath. The flowers are produced thick upon the branch- es, upon short, collected footstalks, and are suc- bencficiai effects of the poultice. In old ill-con- ditioned ulcers and fresh burns, equal benefit was derived from it. In diarrhceas and dysenteries, the infusion of the bark was used with advantage as a diet drink. A soldier, who had lost his way, supported himself for ten days upon this mucilage and sassafras. The red elm tree may be consider- ed as a highly valuable addition to our stock of medicines, exclusively, and ought to be carefully searched for by the medical .i^entlemen in the coun- i and has not the living v.ood tlie same power ? try, and preserved from the indiscriminate axe.'' / It is not because there is any thing new in tiie remarks, that I make them, but it was necessa' lary tubes of that tree ? Is it stationary ? Does disobey the laws which govern all other fluids Or does it ascend, like the thread of mercury, whe expanded by heat ? I do not ask this question bi cause I wis'i a reply, be-auso I know from yoi course of studies and information what theanswi must be. Is, or is it not, a stick of old compai heart woodj when dry, capable of absorbing near its own weight of fluid ? If so, how does it pass Mr Fessenden — I am charged in your paper of the 8th with having doubted the scientific attain^ ments of Mr Duhamel, and surprise is expressed at my doubts. No man can be so surprised as / am, at learning this state of my own mind. I was very explicit in saying, that " Mr Duhamel is justly respected as a physiologist." Vour corres- pondent by omitting, I hope inadvertently, this es- sential part of a sentence, and by italicising the word " practical" without authority from the text he was quoting, has wholly changed the sense, and made me deny Mr Duuamel's claims as a man of science, wliich I explicitly admitted. To aver that a man is justly esteemed as a physiologist, is equivalent to an averment that he is distinguish- ed as a man of science, — the physiology of veget- ables being the mo.^t difficult and profound part of botany. Your correspondent need be under no apprehen- sion of a reply ; he has taken the most effectual course to prevent one. Although I have the most profound respect for the learning and laborious re- search of Mr DuHAiMEL, yet I do not feel bound to admit all his opinions, especially where they appear to me to be vague and incomprehensible. Dark theories characterized the age in which he lived. One may laugh at, or even ridicule the Comte de Bl'ffon's theory of the origin of the earth, — composed, as he seriously contends, of fragments of the sun struck off by a stray comet — and still admit and admire the various learning of that distinguished naturalist. To M. Duhaiiel the science of vegetable physiology owes more, perhaps, than to any other man. Among other dis- coveries, he was the first who proved that the al- burnum could reproduce the bark even without the agency of the latter. Mr Knight has gone far- that I should explain the principles on which ni opinions, formerly expressed, were founded. Rorbury, Sept. 11, IbQG. J. h. CEDAR APPLES. Mr T'ESSENDEN-^IIaving seen in the 384th pa of the 4\h volume of the New England Fiirmer, cure for'vorms in children, by applying the ced apple, or biot, I wish to inquire through the n: dium of year paper, whether the apples referred are such as grow upon tho red cedar, about t si?e of common peas, or whether they are the pi duction of the white cedar, as there are two kin in this place. A SUBSCRIBER, Scituate, Sept.ii, 1826. Remarks hy the Editor. — The white cedar is ci( led by botanists Pinus Cedrus. It is a species the same genus as the pine tree, and is the saa it. which is usually called Cedar of Lebanon. It di not bear berries but cones, and whether th cones possess vermifuge (worm-dispelling) propj J, ties or not we cannot say. The red cedar is different genus from tho white cedar, and prodlj J, es small blue berries. It is described by Dr Bl ELOW in his American Medical. Botany, vol. i page 49. It is hy him denominated Juniperus Vi giniana. It possesses medical properties simill to those of savin, (Juniperus communis.) but la powerful. We cannot say which is the kind 9 commended for worms in children, but beliei kJ there is a similarity in their properties. The ha ries however of the red cedar would probably hai a powerful operation on the human system ; at we should advise great caution in administeril them without the advice of a physician. Vp should be happy to receive information on this buI ct iVoiu mciliciil gentlemen or others wlio pos- ;.-s it. \Vc suspect that spirits of turpentine, In proper >sp.-i, would answer every purpose of tlie said ap- es, knots, or berries ; but the former may not « ays be so easily procured, and requires per- ps more care in administering. Vul. v.— \o. «. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. bio fact, that tin; scaped uninjuied, ; 59 ISO from which ihcy rolrcatedi dant.ut the Hall, nd was thi! only place wliere ' I'cr annum, during From I'lc American Farmer ORCHARD GRASa I have cultivated ori;hard ^rass for tlioy could have been safe. At the last accounts, the bodies of Mr and JMrs VV. and one of liis ser- vants had been found. " The magnitude of the rocks thrown down and whirled about, and the whole desolation is horrible beyond dcscripliou." [Greenfield I'ost.] TO KEEP APPLES FOR WINTER USE. Put them in casks or bins, in layers, well cover- ed with dry sand; each layer being covered. Th The torms are only two dollars pleasure, or .'52.'> for life We liairtly need add, that the funds thu.s subscribed are to enable the Society to award generous Pre- nuums to Ingenuity, Jlechaiiic Skill, and patriotic Enterprise. [Ccntinel.] From Memoirs of the N. Y. BoardTrAgriculture, ON WINTERING SHEEP. .Ii:ssE BuKi., Es'^'" ^"^P' '" ^'''=^ "^^""^-^ sound"and lotliy on the 2Ist July, (which was adjoining the ' hard grass in a part of the same field,) ray peo- wore tempted by the fine swarth which the hard grass atforJed, to mow a part of the same und from which I had saved seed about a month And although I had before witnessed the piat "^ix hundred of the Cata- logues were delivered out on Monday, whicli being found too few to supply the demand, a second edition was provided. We confess our inability to do any thing like justice to the display of Domestic Manufactures on this occasion. The Hall of the Market House is 530 feet by 50, and was filled in all parts, scarce- ly giving sufficient room for the purchasers, with products, and mostly with sample packages. We took the pains to count the items of two of the many Catalogues in circulation — from which the sales were made in regular course, without re- serve, and in strict compliance with the regulations established. The public universally anticipate invaluable benefits to Country and Town from the new In- stitution ; — the Patrons and Agents of which are richly entitled to the public gratitude for their spirit and enterprizo. — The Legislature also is en- titled to thanks for its well-timed liberality in ex- empting the articles sold from the auction tax ; and the City, we hope, claim some share in the offering for having provided a Hall of Exhibition which we are assure.d will not greatly suffisr when compared with the Halls of London, or the Louvre in Paris. We see by an advertisment of the Secretary of the New-England Society that subscription papers for the signatures of such as are disposed to be- 7ii7e Mountains. — The Haverhill, N. H. Intel- ncer of the Gth inst. gives an account of a most lendous and destructive slide, or avalanche of White Mountains, on the 28th August. The h had been undermined by the heavy rains of ■ral days preceding. The slide was near the h or gap in the mountain, and has made the h road, it is feared, utterly impassable. Mr ley, those who read the extract from the editor le Galaxy's visit to the White Mountains, will ember, kept a comfoitable tavern near the ■h. There was a slide near his house two or ■e months before, which so much alarmed the ily, that they were making preparations to idon their dwelling. By this last avalanclie. meadows of Mr W. containing 30 or 40 acres covered with stones and earth, and probably eil. The family of Mr W. who had just retir- 0 bed, alarmed by the roaring of tlie avftlanclia from the house with the greatest precipitatiorl ek safety in the " Camp," a building which Willey had erected as a place of refuge sinco slide of the 23d June. The whole family, con-, come Members of an Institution, by whose labori- ng of Mr W. his wife, five children and two, ous exertions and public spirit, this Commence- ants, were overtaken by the sliding mass o|i,| ment of Periodical Sales, (which we trust is the es and earth, and every soul perished. Thetil'eginning of anew era of prosperity) has been imp " too was destroyed, and it is a remarlia-luiade, are lodged with Mr Appx-eton, Superinten- t will be recollected, that in the summer of 1822, the drought was severe in many parts of out country. In the county of Cayuga, where I re- side, and in the counties adjacent, it was greater than in any former year, since the settlement of the county. Our meadows were so much parched, that we did not secure more than one-third of the' hay we do in ordinary seasons. At this time, my flock consisted of about .500 sheep, including about 120 lambs ; and as I had a very scanty supply of hay, I was obliged to resort to some expedient to winter my flock upon less than the usual quantity of it. About the fitYeenth of December, I commenced feeding them, it which time I had only about nine tons of fine tipiothy and clover hay. I divided my sheep into flo:ks of about 100, and commenced giving them, say half a gill of corn per day, in the ear, dividing it so as to give half of it in the morn- ing, and the residue in the evening, except that to the lambs I gave nearly the same quantity of oats in the sheaf. I fed in this way, until about -the first of January following, when the quantity of grain was a little increased ; so that, between the 15lh of December and the 15th of April following, I actually fed to my 380 sheep, 1-15 bushels of corn, and to the 120 lambs, 40 bushels of oats, which would be something less than a gill of corn and oats per head, per day, to both sheep and Iambs, during the winter. The flock had little more than enough of hay to form a cud, except that in extreme cold weather, I directed them to be full fed on hay. In this imnner 500 sheep were wintered, with the loss of only three lambs ; and at the opening of the spriig, they were in better health and con- dition thar any flock I ever wintered in any form- er season since I have been engaged in rearing sheep and growing wool. I estimate the expense of keeping my flock of .500 sheep through the winter, as follows : Nine tons J f hay, at $7,00 145 busheh of corn, at $0,53 - 40 do. 1 oats, at $0,19 - Salt with tie hay, &c. Attendancil of shepherd, - - . [ $171,55 I have aiopted the same course with my sheep, this wintff, and from letters recently received from my in, who has the charge of the flock, I entertain J confident expectation of the same re- sult. JEDEDIAH MORGAN. CayugajMareh 18, 1824. The London Times states that the custom house duties ari falling off at the rate of £600,000 per quarter. 60 ]NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Kept, ir., 18»I. OF EXERCISE IN INDIGESTION. \ The exercise both of mind and body demands particular attention. The total want of exercise is not more perni- cious than that which occasions fatigue. Of the various modes of exercise, horseback is among the best when the patient is strong enough not to be soon fatigued : but walking is, of all ex- ercises the best. It is that wliich nature intends for us. When too much debility attends to bear those exertions, the gentler modes of exorcise, such as riding in a carriage, or sailing, should be substitu- ted. Any rough exercise soon after meals disturbs the process of digestion. It is a good rule there- fore, for the patient to avoid exercise of all kinds, for an hour and a half after eating — and here as in ctl'.er instances, we still find the dictates of na- tui'.; pointing out what is best ; ibr all animals are inclined to repose, after eating. Those exercises in the open air, in which the bodily exercise is combined with a moderate and pleasurable exercise of the mind, are well adapted to this disease. Tlie maxims by which the exercise of the body is regulated are applicable to that of the mind. Although it is of consequence for the debilitated to go early to bed, there are few things more hurt- ful than -remaining in it too long. Rising early often gives a degree of vigour which nothing else can procure. Lying late in tlic morning is not on- ly hurtful by the relaxations it occasions, but also by occupying that time of the day in which exer- cise is most beneficial. It is seldom proper, all at once, \o attempt the correction of the most injurious habits; the change should be made with caution and judgment. [Dr Phillips.] CARD-MAKING MACHINE. i\Ir Stephen Steward, a very ingenious mechan- ist, of the Northern Liberties, invited us a few days since to an examination of a machine wliicli he has invented, and made for the manufacturing of cotton and woolen cards, by a single operation, bending and cutting the wire of a suitable size, piercing the leather and setting the teeth, tlius completing a card of any desirable lengtli or width, with no other effort than that of turning a small crank, requiring about as much force as to propel a small grindstone. It is probably' known to most persons, and indeed to all converj:ant with the manufacturing of cotton and woolen fhat Mr. Amos Whittomore, of Cambridge, (Mais,) many yeais since invented a machine for performing a similar operation with this of Mr Steward, and from a hasty examination of the present 'nvention and an indistinct recollection of that of 3Ir VVIiit- temore, we are not prepared to say thatMr Stew- ard's machine will perform more work inthe gross, 01 do it better than JMr Whittemorc,the alvantagos claimed by Mr S. for his invention, andthey are certainly worthy consideration, are, greatsimplici- ty of construction, and an immense difference in the cost of construction. If we are cor ectly in- formed, a card machine of Mr Whittemore's inven- tion, costs from $700 to .$1000,(we speak without a personal knowledge) — one of Mr S's hvention may bo finished in the best manner for ajout one hundred dollars. In the present state of th; manu- factures of our country, we cannot doubt tiat Mr S. will find his' card making machijie a usful and profitable invention. It is certainly worthy the attention of the ingenious, generally, and of manu- facturers in particular—independently of the val- uable purposes to which it is applied, it deserves notice as a handsome piece of machinery. Mr Steward, we presume, will willingly exhibit the card machine to persons interested in its success, who will apply at his residence in St. John, above Noble street. [U. S. Gaz.] AGRICULTURE OF THE SOUTH OF PRANCE. " Besides the ' fatness' of tlie olive, Ihcv reckon in this country (the neighborhood cf Aviijnon) four other harvests : ttie hay of the artificial grasses, of which lucerne is the chief: witii tins hay they fatten cattle, and make a great deal of manure ; indeed, I sav.- .at Avigncn a covetoUsness of dung, much to the cre^iit of their a;jriculr.Nral management ; those who tnvecp the- streets bring straw, cut ijito little bits about three inches long, which they throw into the kennels and dirty pud- dles, to suck up the fertili ing moisture. M.imire must be in great demand, nnd an article of the first necessity, in a country where, be:ii os exten- sive gardens, they intcrcule, after the -.vlieat, reap- ed usiially at the end of June, a crop of haricots or French beans — a standing dish during tlie win- ter, at all tables. I remember at how high a price I had bought a few of those beans for seed, that I miglit have this vegetable young and green, as a side-dish, or in pickle ; yet these haricots seed, or the dried grain of the French bean, are tlie cheap- est food at Avignon, cheaper even tJian bread ; and it was with reason that I was alarmed at my own extravagance, when I saw them spread in such abundance on the tabic in my kitchen. Ga- rence or madder, is another rccolte, and a source of great wealth. Add to these harvests their wine ; which by the help of the climate and good manipulation, is, in my opinion, tlie best in the woild, except perhaps that of Xcres and Madeira. " Melons and pasties, or water melons, are here delicious, and the food of the common people. — Bread is excellent, light, white and nutritious; many degrees whiter than that which I made of my own wheat in England, though not so white, nor so quickly dry and tastelesjs, as the adulterat- ed bread of London. "I consider French agriculture, as far as I was able to observe it in the soiitli, to be in a llourisli- ing condition. They have not the grand cultiva- tion : the subdivision of property, and the nature of the products forbid it. They have no expen- sive plans for deluging their dripping pans. They would regard almost as thrown away, a rich plot of land given up to the fattening of sheep and bul- locks. In the southern moiety of France, indeed, they have no choice ; there are water meadows, where irrigation is possible, but no pastures. — Their cattle are fed on mountains and hills, and poorest lands during summer, and brought home in winter. " The end of agriculture is to obtain the great- est value of produce from land at the least ex- pense, and that for ever ; and in this end the French (the spirit of calculation coming in aid of their soil and climate) succeed, in a great degree. The chattels, the stock, both live and dead, be- long to the proprietor ; he superintends ; the land is not worse managed on that' account indeed, as Pythagoras or Plato said, that states would never be well governed till philosophers were kings, or ibjeti lelifi iiil I tBtln iK ;mci eiely S,l kings were philosophers ; so it may be saiu thi land will never be well cultivated till proprictoi are farmers, or farmers are proprietors ; tiieir ii terests are opposite, and not to be reconciled 1 leases or conditions of obligations ; oij^e desir immediate, the other continued profit ; hut the i terest tliat a French proprietor lias in liis shar« the prc'luce, is not great enough to induce him diiiiinish his capitil by deterior.iting the Ian ■vhich the tenant aLvcys will do if he can ; evi I'.i'j material of the farm, no unimportant part of i v.d'ie, IS bettor cared for by the lan^-ilord than 1 K tenant. In short, France, in the southern pi of it, is rapi;ily advancing towards garden cultut j the perfection of all cultivation, since the morei ^j.^ farm is (ftlltivated like a garden, the inore will f' man-..geiv.ent of it be applauded, and the grea will be itr; produce in proportion to its cxtent.4 The spa :r: and hoe arc very much used in fielA especially where, as is of^en t!ic case, these fieW are traversed by rows c' mulberry or other treei and the vines trimmed into the form of bushes, al the gnrence and hiricols, and lucurne in rows ai drills, and the slight fences, occupying the leafv possible space, aud set rather as limits than g-.;ards, give to a rich tract as much of theappea« ance .--.s it really has of the nature of a garden " The silk worm, though silk is a most valuabi rent'Jp of this country, his no connexion with agr- culture, except that this worm feeds on the leav< of the mulberry tree. These leaves are pluckt as soon as they have attained their full spread, ar before they are at all dried or even hardened t- tlic snn. While nature is preparing the f loJ t the silk worm, art is forcing into existence tii worm itself. The eggs are hatched by artificii heat, and from the time the worm can eat till becomes a cocoon, this savoury food is administe: ed. The mulberry is of tlio wdiite sort; but th fruit is hardly known to the Avignonais ; it is i course destroyed by plucking off tlie leaves. Tlies trees look very miserable Without leaves under j fine a sky : by the end of summer a second crop ( leaves is pUicked off, and given to cattle. " It was pleasing to me, as carrying mernor back into former ages, to see tlie threshing dooi of the Avignotiais ; they are on the outside of th building that serves for the granary ; the sheave are laid in a circle, in the centre of which stand a man who drives two or more horses round ove the ears of corn ; another man stands without th' circle to correct any irregularities in the work."*' * x- * « « » * " They built, while I was at Avignon, a verj good abattoir (public slaughter house), near on( of the gates of the town. I saw here the procesj of skinning an ox ; air is thrown in under tlie skii by a pair of bellows, which air is then forced for- ward by beating the inflated hide with clubs. * * * -X- * * # " French agriculture has made rapid strides within twenty years ; they procure and disperse improved niacliinery ; in the breed of their sheep they pay .attention to the quality of the fleece. — Tney call the English their masters in the science of agriculture, but entertain confidence, I hope well founded, of soon equalling those masters." Four i/ears' residence in France. ''' This mode of iheshing, if so we may call it, ill accords with the garden culture, and the general eulogiums of our author on the econoirty of French hiisbanilrv. Vol. v.— No. fi. NKW EJNGLANf) 1 AUi\IElt. 61 From Ike A'cir-Jtraei/ Jlirror. (TRE FOR THE COLIC. Messrs Eilitors — I liave for many years been lijoct to that severe, and often fatal complaint, 0 bilious colic, and ntler using in vain, all the iial remedies recommended by professional ntlemen for the complaint, I have succeeded in dintr out an infallible antidote against that most niciating pain, and am now happy in comrauni- tini; to the public, the result of what at first, was eroly an experiment, but has since been so often mon^trated, that I can confidently recommend to the atiiicted as a medicine worthy of their ciiliar notice — The remedy is simply this: — k^' one oz. of cajnphor, and dissolve it in half a I of spirits of wine, let it be kept in a bottle II corked, and it will at all times be fit for use. hen suiTerino; with the colic, or when symp- ns indicate its approach take one tea-spoon full the above mixture, and should it not remove the n in fitteen minutes, repeat the dose, whicli 1 e invariably found to be sufficient to give im- (iiate relief. S'. 15. — The above medicine must be taken into stomach in its undiluted state, or it will not e the desired effect till next day ; after suffer- with the colic a gentle dose of medicine may taken, such as epsom salts, ca.stor oil or the like. JOSEPH MILLER. , ?% of Burlington, X. J. Jul}/ 4. IS-iG. FACTS WORTH KNOWING. n New England, in the days of my grand-moth- hoy used to preserve their ripe Jf'atermelons 1 Green Corn, so as to have them fresh in winter spring, bv placing them, till used, under their stacks. This practice might perhaps be ap- d usefully to some other fruits and vegetables, armors too, might easily save the flesh of rses and Cows, and confer a kindness on their mals, in preventing the usual annoyance o( Flits simply oiling the parts most exposed. Flies . not alight a moment on the spot, over which oiled sponge or cloth has been pressed. Prob- f either fish or flaxseed oil would answer ; but it I liave known used with success was the iner's oil. Every man who is compassionate to beast, ought to know this simple remedy, and ry Livery Stable and Country Inn ought to e a supply at hand for the use of Travellers. [Philadelphia paper.] ARTFORD COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, his flourishing association does not depend up- Qovelty or parade for its continuance — every 1% adds a new proof of its usefulness — a new itement to its exertions, and a new feeling of ouragement from the benefits which have fol- ed its eifovts. Six farms are already offered he inspection of the committee appointed to t duty, and the other departments which the ;iety have in charge are equally promising. [Hart. Mirror. CURE FOR WEAK EYES, "ake a small lump of white copperas — say about si.:e of a pea ; put it in a small phial, holding ut two ounces of water; carry this in the pocket, occasionally taking out the cork, turn the phial an the finger's end, and thjs bathe the eyes. — 3 will positively effect a real cure in a short Siptcmber, the month of fruits and fevers, of sul- try noons and dewy evenings, has commenced its reign of incipient desolation. The deep and opu- lent green of the sunnner verdure begins to fade into a variety of sickly tints under its withering influence : and tlio dry rustling of falling leaves, ; robbed of their juicy elasticity, and scattered by every breath of the autumnal breo/e, will soon bo- gin to teach us the gloomy but salutary lesson of our own decay. There is, after all, however, a mellowness and a beauty in the autumn landscape, which, to the contemplative mind, is more fascinat- ing than the gaudier livory of the summer. The vegetation of our forests " dies like the dolphin," ■ changing to a tliousand splendid hues ; day pours its profusion of light upon us with a moderate in- tensity of heat ; and the intellectual and physical systems begin to resume the vigorous tone which had languished and become paralyzed under the powerful influences of a vertical sun. The vintage and the gathering of fruits belong to this season ; the grape yields its wine and the apple and the poach give their grateful juices ; the harvests are housed ; and nature pours all her annual bounties into the lap of man. If we were to designate the period in human existence to which the month of September corresponds, we should select the lime when the hair turns grey, when the blood abates its fiery and tumultuous course through the veins, when the intemperance of the passions subsides in- to a calm and even course, and when we begin to nerve ourselves for the struggle of decay and death. [Nat. Jour.] 'j*he National Advocate gives the following re- cioe for making coffee, which, it is said, will equal the best Mocha : we doubt it. Shell the common chesnut, roast and grind it as you do coffee grains; mix some succory or chiccory with the chesnut powder, as is commonly done with coffee, and in the same proportion and you will find it so palati'ble and pleas.'int that you will never again feel disposel to purchase foreign cof- fee. The experiment is easily tried. Grasshoppers. — The Troy Budget of the 15 ult. says — A correspondent informs us that in the town of Poultney.and a considerable extent around, the ravages of these destructive insects are truly alarming. Whole fields of hay have been mowed after every leaf had been destroyed, leaving noth- ing but the stalks or strav/. Cabbages are entire- ly divested of their leaves, and other garden veg- etables are destroyed. Apple trees in some places entirely leafless and even apples are eaten by them. The corn is greatly damaged. The distresses of the farmers must be severe. It is said that good cows are sold in some parts of Washington county for from three to five dollars ; the drought and grasshoppers having destroyed the grass, &c. EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS, Delivered before the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry, by William Hunter. — Concluded from page 43. I have before said that manufactures have been every where introduced by the- impulse of power- ful ex>raiieois causes. Our capability to estab- lish, and with fair and judicious encouragement to succeed in Manufactures, has undoubtedly been discovered hy the accidents of the revolutionary era, in which our lot has been cast. That capa. bilify is now acknowledged — .it was elicited and developed by events — what a sound and saga- cious theory suggested, is now proved as a fact. .\rc we not to improve the treasure we have found, merely because the convulsion.s of the times and the tempest of the revolution threw it, as it were, a wreck on our shores ? Is it not given to us in the kindness of Providence, as a compensa- tion for the evils and disasters we have in a de- gree endured from the fury of that very tempest ? Is it not given to us in compensation for opportu- nities of profit and commercial enterprize, from which we are nov/ debarred by the present pacifi- cation of Europe ? For even yet it is in a two-fold point of viqw th»t we ought to speak of our situa- tion. Affected as it was by the afliiiirs of bellige- rent Europe, and rcaft'ected as it is by the condi- tion of pacificated Europe. If our whole popula- tion were to be devoted to the single pursuit of Agriculture, that pursuit must languish, because its former ?upport, foreign commerce, now fails. The nocessties of Europe no longer avail us. — Those countries that supply us with their Manu- factures, prohibit the importation of our grain and provisions. The product of our farms on shore, and more th»n that, of our fish and oil, the pro- duct of our Dcean farms, are not to us the means of foreign remittance for foreign Manufactures. — Buy where jrou can buy cheapest, is the cry of those opposed to Manufactures, who quote Adam Smith without understanding him ; for to buy in simple hone5ty means payment ; and if all you have is refused in payment, how can yoi^buy ? — The argument addressed by our forefathers to the British Parlionient so long ago as the discussion upon the sufar bill, is directly applicable to ouF present situa'.ion. If, said they, you will not per- mit us to dispose of our provisions abroad, for the pur]>ose of procuring remittances for the payment of your Manufactures, we must manufacture at home. Just in proportion to the extent of our Ag- riculture, if its products are refused by foreigners, must you encourage, and in fact create, a dome^- ; tic market. That can only be done by selling to those who aie not employed in Agriculture. We shall exchange a foreign demand, which, while it existed, was only casual and precarious, for a do- mestic demand certain and constant. A superior capacity to furnish the produce of the soil, is noth- ing unless other countries agree to take it, or we can profitably consume it at home. The fruits of our soil, thougli they will not be taken in payment by the foreign, are most willingly received by the domestic manufacturer. The fine flour of Virginia is a good payment for the coarse cottons of Rhode Island. A neighborhood market is what farmers want, and that the manufacturing towns and vil- lages give. Perishable articles cannot be trans- ported'at all. The price of distant transportation absorbs the value of the hardiest. Look at the immense effect in any country where Manufac- tures have been established. The adjoining farms gradually assume a new appearance. A calculat- ing and scientific Agriculture commences, and the stimulus of prompt demand converts morasses into meadows, and meadows into gardens. What is the degree and mode of protection which a wis» and paternal government will extend for the pro- motion of Manufactures, is a question depending upon details and niceities too minute for present consideration. But does not the protection of Manufactures to a judicious, that is to a success- ful degree, rest upon deeper principles than even 62 iNEW ENGLAND FARMER. Hept. 15, I8a&jyvj> faculty of forming it, it is unparalleled. I deem this last circumstance as important as it is pecu- liar. A voyage from the State of Maine to New- nation ? It is even allowed by Adam Smith, that Orleans, for instance, demands all the varieties ot those of political economy ? Is it not founded on a state necessity, where the interference is not to protect the interest of an individual, but that of a defence is of more importance than opulence, and that an independent supply of subsistence lies at the foundation of the means of defence. The truths of political economy must in their practical application be limited by higher ma.xims of state, to which even in theory tliey are held skill and care, all the ruggcdiiess of strength, all the intrepidity of spirit, all the look-out vigilance, if I may so e.xpress it, that constitute the merit and character of a sailor. It indispensably re- quires every thing but astronomical navigation, and costly chronometers ; and these we may safe apil subordinate, as being less general. The second I ly leave to those highly estimable but favoured law enacted by the first Congress under the pres- 1 sons of Neptune, who traversing tlie Indian seas ent Constitution, the act of the 4th of July, 1789 | under the kind influence of trade winds and se- for the imposition of duties, declares in preamble, i rene skies, enjoy a comparative ease and luxury of condition. Undoubtedly the most specious and able oppo- nents of Manufactures, are those alarmed commer- cial capitalists who kindly some years since, an(l very fairly under the circumstances, furnished us with coarse India cottons at thirty cents a yard — They say they are tired of having constantly sounded in their ears the fact — tlie trutli — that that its object is to impose such duties as would render the United States independent of foreign nations, for military and other necessary essen- tial supplies. And is not clothing as necessary as food .' Have we so soon forgotten the distresses of the revolutionary army — the embarrassments of the last war, occasioned by a want of clothing ? You cannot at once estnblish Manufactures upon the event of a war, and they never will be estab- i those incomparably better are now furnished for lished, if upon the recurrence of peace you vote | seven cents a yard by our own manufactures.— them useless. For want of clothes and blankets, 1 Truth it seems loses its relish by repetition. It is your army must perish. For want of canvass, your j the sad complaint of a recent grave publication proud Navy must lay by the wall; or else perpe- { that its authors sicken at finding it every where trating something like treason, ycu must trade renewedly repeated from Hamilton's Report, that covertly with your enemy, giving him aid and comfort, sustain his resources and help him to the means of victory over yourself. Our course is clear. We must sustain Manufac- tures— not only for the reasons already assigned. the temporary favour to the manufacturer would end in national benefit ; that the momentary en- hancement of price would assuredly terminate in certain and steady diminution. The Parliament of Great Britain deemed it necessary to impose but as' the true, best nutriment of our foreign ; tor the protection of her peculiarly home manufac trade, and our strongest bond of political union. — , tures, against the claims of her India manufac Great Britain condescend^ to recei\e from us the tures, a duty of £123 sterling for every £100 of raw materials of her Manufactures — she admits the true value, as evidenced by the public sales of for her purposes and interests our cotton. The i the East India Company. Here in addition to all cotton growing interest of this country is a great , costs and charges, freicrht, insurance, commissions and important one; nothing ought to be dore^ or , and agency, was a duty of one hundred and twen- said, or thought, that can injure it. But I cannot I ty-three per cent, imposed, and so imposed as to conceive how cotton planters can be injured, when render evasion impossible. This was done in spite :ou raise up at home a rival customer — able to of the East India Company — .in empire witliin an pay — who purchases more, with the exception of empire — connected with the finance of the coun- England, than all the other countries of Europe — try — in some degree controlling its great organ, and who next to England purchases the most and the Bank of England — respected if not dreaded pays as well. We must have announced to us , by the ministers — with at least si.xty able mem- new notions of commercial dealing, if between hers of parliament, chosen by its influence — rep- two commercial competitors, the introduction of a resenting its interests — and itself the Regent over third is injurious to the holder of tlie article. Can sixty millions of men. And yet some of us who any one doubt that home competition has kept up have been instrumental in procuring a measure of the price of our cotton abroad ? And is not this a ; faint analogy for our own country, have been direct benefit to the Southern planter — a substan- 1 charged by those not quite yet an East India Com- tial support to foreign trade — a new bond of con- j pany, with hostility to that great essential inter- nexion — a source of reciprocal benefit and grate- [ est, the navigation of the country. As if we could , ful feeling between the North and -South.' W"ill have been so senseless and inconsistent in urging not tlien the errors — the flimsy errors that have ' a fair degree of support to the general Jlanufac- veiled the truth of this matter — be soon stripped i tures of tlie country, to harbour any ill-will to the away ? Will not the bubbles that have been froth ed up and blown out from the ferment of Congres- sional declamation, though irradiated by many a rainbow hue, explode at the touch, and vanish into empty air ? Indeed it is only from manufactures proudest and most successful of them all. For what is a ship but the noblest specimen of manu- ; facturo human skill can exhibit — and in that, what nation has shown skill surpassing our own ? : No — no — God speed tlic ship — the shuttle — and | that we can now look for an ;,ctive and extended tlie plough — says every manufacturer who under Commerce. stands his own interest and that of the nation | With some, and to be sure, important excep- That ship is every day returning more and nioie i tions, we are ceasing to be the exporters of the fieighted with the gross materials that manufac- j gross produce of the forest, or the field — we have \ tures demand — and is every day more and more | avast old country of our own to supply. Our | accustomed to add to its outward cargo the im- 1 coasting trade, the best nursery of seamen, is proving articles that our shuttle furnishes, begin- hourly increasing, through the aid of manufac- niug to be cheap enough for foreign competition, | tures. In extent, variety, quickness of returns, and valuable enough for foreign envy ; and they j requisition of nautical talent, and of course the | both are increasing their demand of the plough, | with no other envy of it than the delightful that it is its proud prerogative to make that b which it vexes, and to draw inexhaustible pi from that it can never exhaust. What was Brougham's consoling apology fof^ excessive exportation to this country of '1(3, 'j '18 ? He rejoiced in them because by their they would stifle in the cradle those rising Mai factures in the United States which the war forced into existence. After this declaration fi I a liberal and enlightened statesman, seeking country's good, though perhaps wishing ug harm, the security of our national Manufacti becomes doubly an object of national pride and tional honour, the Statesman's care and the Pa] ot's love. We ought to arouse for them even most affectionate zeal, wlien we find their desti tion is the object of that powerful, enlightel and persevering nation, who now sits eminent elate upon that throne of prosperity, which been erected by the labour and decorated by skill and taste of her manufacturers and artisti and whose broad and deep foundation it is tlie ci stant efforts of her statesmen to confirm and c solidate. "Our steam engines," her states and orators exclaim, " pay the interest of our tional debt and fight our battles." The inventl of Arkwright more than redeem the errors of Li I North. The improvements of Watt — the genwIM and taste of Wedgewood sustained the politic! heroism of Pitt, and enabled him to be the pil that weathered the storm — they now aid the fin ^ ness, prudence, and dexterity of Canning promise a durability of pre-eminence coeval wit j science, and unless checked by American fore ; sight and imitation, co-extensive with the (Jlobt j It is here on this very spot — this dear Rhod ; Island and Providence Plantations, tliat I wish f ' pi-oclaim again and again, as witli the voice of messenger bringing glad tidings, that the interest of Commerce — of Manufactures — of Agriculture are congenial and identical. Let us, then, unitin; in perfect political harmony, raise here a tempi to the genius of public utility — of national Indus try — Let it be decorated by three Altars — the firs simple and turf-clad, dedicated to Agriculture The second to Manufactures, emblazoned bj the embellishments of every art : The third, k Commerce, constructed of the beaks of ships, ol sterner stuff than the Carthagenian galleys, the rostrum of tlie Gracchi, and of Tully, surmounted, surrounded by naval tropliies. On the first we will leave a space for a name to be inscribed. On thf second wo would transfer one from a fact recori ed, on a more imperisliablc monument than tlie tar and temple itself — Hamilton's Report on Mai ufactures in 1791, in v/hich the introduction of the first cotton mill in this country is mentioned, and the introducer was Slater. And on the oth er we would engrave with the point of the sworo of Gree.ve, the name of Perry. Yes — tins is consecrated soil. — It was hero our ancestors first announced in terms plain and unevasive, the doc^ trine not of mere religious toleration, but of per- fect religious freedom. Here they held forth that lively experiment, that a most flourishing civil state may stand, and best be maintained with a full liberty in religious concernments. It is theit voices I hear — their forms I see — imploring us to hiiitate their example, and demanding of us why wc cannot be the authors of a new doctrine, of perfect political, as they were of religious concili« ation. Our different theories and dogmas, the ex- I'ol. V No. 8. JNEW ENGLAND FARMER. 63 raiK-o of our t;iitli. the violoiico ofonr contro- The .Inniutl Cttlltv Slww.i will bo held at lirin-hl- s— will not suve us— we must show our lailh oti, Muss. October lH and ]0— at VVorccstor, mIiss. ir jrood works — wo wust cultivate those agri- October, 11— at Wilton, N. H. Hept. 'M, 'Jl and fill virtues that teed the hunjrry and give drink at Concord, Mass. on the 11th of October. ^ liiirsty — those inanutacluriug virtues that . — — I' the naked — thai commorcinl Samaritan vir- ' Cicn Jones, wlio some time since wrote a very that will leave a ppuuy at the inn, for the re- ''^''e letter on the inefficiency of the present mili- f either, if wounded or atliictod. As a Slate, t'-i ^ystera, has been elected to the North Carolina a policy of our own, dictated by our peculiar House of Commons, against his expressed wish ; ttiiin, we must endeavour to remain unaflected "'^i'^ ''e oven went about electioneering against uiiintimidated by e.xtraneous clamour. We 'limself, but was quite unsuccessfijl ! li'iTJtorinlly the smallest State in the Union ord.ri-tl , but dist.-iiil gcullumen should always employ sonu- agrut in the City to rictive and pay for them.— On Saturdays, packed trees will be delivered in boston free of charge for conveyance. It is now pretty well known (hat in rc-mo»ing trees, one year's growth is frequoully lost, if the trees hap- pen to survive, by an unreasonable diminution of the roots, then-fore special care shall be taken for their preservation. Sept. l.^, relatively, and in proportion to our ter- the most populous, the most commercial,the The Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire, (England) ....^.^ ,.>,„.. «..^ i'l answer to the numerous applications which have . .uanufactu^inrof them au7''°When w^^ ''^''" '"^''*' '° ''''" *■'•"'" ""= Upper Ward, regard- ,ther advantages an improved and scientific '"» emigration to Canada, has notified tliat gov- culture. wo shall be, if we are not now, the emmont have had the subject under consideration; opulent and prosperous. We envv not the .''"^ "'^ "°' possible at present to afford any pub- -sproad torrilorv or the weightiw political '"= "'''' ''^ n° """'^y has been voted by parliament -r of other States. We console ourselves with i '"'" '"^^^ purpose^ llecting, and we hope not immodestly, that it | The City Council of Savannah has recently pass- corded by a master critic of antiquity, that the ed an ordinance providing that all grocers who .IP of Hercules, by Lysippus, merely a foot in retail spirituous liquors by less than a quart at a ht, was a more consummate specimen of taste time shall pay an annual sum of $75 for a license ; genius, filled the imagination more, and af- and tho^e who sell by the quart and upwards, shall •d it more sublimely, than the Colossus of take out a license of $4.5. firemtu Octsi:. FOR sale by the i^ubscriber, at his place in Charles- town. 24 large Bremen Geese, which at 5 months old weigh'd from 15 to201bs. each. Some oftliis same breed have been fattened to weigh 30lbs and not unfrenuent 25lbs. each. They are recommended in preference to all other geese, by their weiuht, fine fl voured meat, are remark- ably prolific and hardy, yielding three times (he quan- tity of down and leathers in (he courst of (he year, and of extra quality compared with the common geese. — ■f hey are perfectly white. The original stock of these geese was imported by Ebeneztr Rollins Ksq. of Boston. The price is $5 eacli, taking one or the whole. SAMUEL J ^QUES Jr. Sept. 6th 1826. yW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 15, J826. Near 11,000 votes for Members of Congress have been taken in one District, in that newly settled state, Indiana ! icultural and .'Igricultural Society of Jamaica. Society with the above title has been estab- d in Jamaica under very favourable auspices, following gentlemen are among the otEcers lis Institution — Patron, Ilis Grace William, 3 of Manchester,&c. — President, Edward Na- jto have been often used and ,el Bancroft, M. D. Fellow of the Royal Col- of Physicians, &c. — Vice Presidents, Honor- John Mais, Samuel Murphy, Esq. — Treasur- tobert Smith, Esq. — Secretary, John Miller, ft. — Ilonorarv Members of the Council, The Recipe for Dysentery and Cholera Morbus. — Put 1 oz. castor oil, 40 drops laudanum, 2 grains gum arable, 2 grains loaf sugar, a few drops pep- permint, into half a pint of soft water, shake it well together, and give a grown person one table spoon full every 15 minutes. The above is said th uniform success. Hon. William Burge, Attorney General.- RGE Mansers, Esq. His Brittanic Majesty's «ul, in this City, is elected Honorary Member lis Society. PRODUCTIONS OF THE SOIL. cucumber (J feet long, was, some time since, icing in a gentleman's garden in Charlottivillo, There was raised a cucumber in Boscawen, 4. which,on the 2Sth of August was 22 inches ;ngth and 12 inches in girth. Another cucum- in Haverhill, N. H. on the 22nd of August was et 2 inches in length and 12 in girth. A er melon in Georgia, this season, weighed 45 nds. The Merrimack Journal of the 1st inst. itions " a Bean pod which measures over 22 les and contains 19 well formed beans." A t was lately dug from a gentleman's garden in folk,Va. measuring 18 inches in circumference, inches from the top of the root to the end of larirest prong, and weighing 17 pounds. .\n CtCr"C-\SH will be paid at this office, for the follow""- ing uumbers of the New England Farmer, 40, '13, 44 48, vol. iv. PRICEsl)FCOUNTRY PRODUCE^ Corrected every Thursday evening. Kenrick J^i'ursery. FRUIT AND OR.N AMEN PAL TREES for sale as usual near the Brighton Post Of- lice. The Nursery contains a good variety I of t.nglish Cherry Trees ; and of Pear trees, and gen- it Reverend the Lord Bishop of Jamaica — l Hemen who se.isonably apply can obtain samples of Hon, William Anglin Scarlett, Chief Justice, j several of Mr Knight's new kinds. Also many thous- ands of grafted apple trees o!' superior kinds, good size, and allowed by all to be very thrifty and handsome. — Several thousand of budded Peach rees, consisting of a choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts discover- ed in gardens or the market ; the peach trees are from 5 to 8 feet high, and the buyer may take his choice at 30 cents each ; there are likewise plenty of Apricots and Nectarines. Ofgood sized Ornamental trees, the Flowering Cat- alpas, and Horse Chesnut — the Mountain Ash — Weep- ing Willow — Silver Fir — Larch — Sugar maple — Eng- lish Walnut — Butternut, &c. Currant bushes, — the i common red of all sizes, by the dozen, hundred or J thousand, on moderate terms. — Also the large Dutch, White, and Red ; — the Champaine and the Black. — Red, White and Damask Rose tushes. — Senna, Gum, Acacia, English grapes, — Bed and White Antwerp Raspberries, &c. Sic. ! 'this Nursery, within six miles of Boston and so eas- j ily viewed, stands in no need of that exuberant and in- \ cessant praise, the interested and artful lavish on dis- I tant splendid Murseries, which they well know are lo- ' cated in a wrong direction for supplying people in these \ Northern States. For it is an established maxim, of i which they cannot be ignorant, that trees of rapid lux- ! rly York Cabbage, raised in Virginia, was prc- 1 uriant growth, ought not to be robbed of their roots ( ted to the Editor of the American Farmer, land removed from a mild to a colder situation, — but j ut the middle of July last, which measured 3 , the reverse; hence experienced Agriculturists in Rhode j t in circumference. Aturnip in Haverhill, N. H. i Island and its vicinity, give a decided preference to -,1-11. 1 1 loTi _j trees from Northern Nurseries. 1 ighed 18 pounds, and measured 3 feet round. — ; j . , r »«; t- ■ , i . • Z. ,. r.- HI ■ , - 1 1 Orders addressed to J. & W. KenricR, and sent to Ferguson, of Dixmont, Maine, has raised ap- ; „,p Brighton post office, or left at the office of Dana & s, measuring a foot in circumference. They Fenno in State Street, will be duly attended to ; and I w on a tree which had never borne before, ani , trees will be packed in clay and mails for shipping when I large round as the tree. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - . - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - - Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - - - . Oafs HOOS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linsted, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - . - . - WOOL, Merino, full blood, -wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROriSIOA' MARKET. BEEF, best pieces ... PORK, fresh, best pieces, - " whole hogs, - - VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY. - - - - . BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - Indian, do. - . - POTATOES, . - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - FROM bbl 1 50 ton. 80 00 95 00 bush 2 00 bbl. 10 00 8 00 6 00 lb. 18 9 3 9 bush 95 bbl. 4 75 4 50 3 25 bush 71 80 73 38 lb. 101 cask 90 gal. 75 ton. 2 50 bbl. 14 25 11 25 10 87 bush 1 67 lb. 8 33 25 30 25 20 40 35 lb. 10 G 10 18 bush 9(1 90 bbl. 1 00 To 1). C 1 75 82 50 97 50 2 J2 10 25 8 SO 6 37 20 12 10 1 00 4 87 4 87 3 50 74 82 76 42 11 1 00 80 2 75 14 75 U 50 11 50 1 70 50 33 35 30 25 45 38 10 10 20 20 'J5 14 1 00 1 00 37 1 25 G4 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 15 18'?G. mXXSGSXi&ANXES. in money had been recovered; the notes were wet, J^urtli American Review. — We have been inji but not materially injiirel. Several papers of val- formed, and with pleasure suae, that the dcuir.n^ ^ we, leases, &.C. were found in a state of proscrva- 1 for this popular periodical has iucreased so r.i'jcl tion. The vessel was a complete -.vreck ; a con- i of hue, that a second edition of the iwv last •AWim'^, siderable quantity of bones were fonnd in tiie steer- j bers, and a third edition of the July number fo5 acre, but there was such a mass of mud and rubbish IS'siS, are now in press. Its circulation is not id in the place that it was impo.^sible to say how raa- (creasing in our own republic alone. Patrons cod& ny bodies there nii-rht be. The jacket of a very 1 tinue to send their names from South Americ| - young boy was picked up, enclosing the ribs only, ' from England, and other parts of the Eastern Col and no other part was vibibie. The body of a fe- ' tinent. Every number of late has exhibited pr( Hil Thomas Cnmpbfll, the poet. — We are sorry to to see any of the chaste and delightful productions of this author, be-roiirfo'rf, if we may use the term, by injudicious musical composers, that on a super- ficial perusal of them, as set to some music, they seem like arrant nonsense. Tiie following notice of two of his songs is from the London Magazine; and though rendered seemingly ridiculous by the airs which accompany them, the reader should re- j ^^^^ ^^^^ found ori tlie quarter deck, so decayed ; found learning and pleasant himior to render «' palatable. [Traveller.] Ohio Yellow Tobacco — This Tobacco has hitht collect that these airs are not the Poet's, but the I ^^^.^^^ j]jg jj^ess only identified it to be that of Miss musical composer's, which, may be excellent in i jyi'intosh. The copper boilers had collapsed in a themselves, we have never seen them but improp- surpri-in"- manner, and are useless, as boilers. — orly applied. The sudd'en condensation of the steam, it was sup- [° been sent to the Baltimore market, where it hi What is more calculated to excite contemptuous ; j j,^^ produced a vacuum, and the pressure of; ''«'*'" ^"^^ '''"'^ ^^'^ to 50 per cwt. according erriment, than the swelling measure of " 0/rf i j^e surroundin allend personally to the inocu'alm c u*- -iu .1, ■ 11 T.. • 1 . \ nnd engrailing of nil llteirf mil trees, and piuchasei nghting with their own shadows. It might con- i , •,u„.,„fi,i^, „„<;,.,< (u„ .-„L n „ i Ob a niay rely with conndence that the trees they oruir wi duce very much to evaporate the spleen, which 1 pf^y^ „j.nui,,5._ makes them uneasy to the public as well as to j The subscriber, agent of the above nursery, will r( themselves. — Mdison. | ceive orders for any quantity of FRUIT AND FOREST TRF.ES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PUNTS. .\nd the trees will be delivered in this city at the ri» and expense of the Purchaser; the bills may be pi to him. The reputation of this nursery is so extensively kn and has been so well sU5t;iined that I take leave to fer those in want of trees to any of the Hoi ticulturii in this city and its vicinity, and if ocular demonslrati is desired, 1 invite those who wi-h to be thus satis to examine the trees in my gnrd.-n at Dorchester cured from this nursery for threL .-.■ 'bur years p; ome of which are now in bearing, all ia a healthy aB The Rich Farquhar. — It is stated that a lady now residing in America, is the first claimant to the immense property of the late Mr Farquhar, a mis- er of considerable note. She was some years since married to a Frenchman. The quantity of Cotton received at New Or- leans from the 1st of October last to the end of Ju- ly, was 240,006 bales, exceeding that of the pre- ceding years by about 40,000 bales. There is exhibiting in New York a cluster of sixteen apples from a tree in Newark, N. J. They are unripe, on a branch lialf an inch in diameter,of , vigorous state. The Steamboat Comet, which was sunk off Scot- land.nbout n year since,and which had so long an 1 eo hi;-dily e.vcitcd public attention and .sympathy,' ivas been completely hauled up on the beach. £730 four stems (four apples upon each)which are with' in four inches of each other. At the end of the branch 18 inches from the cluster are three more sound apples. They are all larger than hen's eggs. Above six hundred barrels of flour per day arc required for Philadelphia and the immediate neighborhood. In electing members of tlio Pennsylvania Legis- lature the parties are in some part of the state di- : Silk Worm is too well known to need further recoa- ■J J ■ . .1 i' • J 1 r.i ., /-« 1 mendation. 6t. August -5. vided into the Iriends and enemies or the " Grand i ^ Catalogues will be delivered gratis on apy.licatift to zr.n. COOK jr., Rogers' Building — Congress t-treet. Boston, ^iugvJlZilh, )S-X. eptf. To Farmers and Agriculturists. WHITE MULBERRY TREE SEED. J George Moruock, No. 14 .Market Square, has a received from Windham county, Connecticut, a 9iX quantity of White Mulberry Tree se«:d, of this seasM "Towlh. The excellence of the leaf for the food o(v Pennsylvania Canal System." I 'jr->'Fublished everv Fridfiy at Three Dollars >.. Seventy-five cents a bushel is offered for Barley "»■"' payable at the md of the year-but those wht pay within sixty n?iys rrnm the tune ofsunscnbiiig twt at the Worcester Brewery. With regard to Capt. Symmes' inner world, it is doubted wliether " Facilis descensus" will apply. Pailadium. entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procure^^rf responsible subscriber are entitled to a sl.rlh volume gratis. New subscribers can be furnished wi'h tht ; ■-■ lnguumbi,rs of the current volume. i NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Publishftl by John B. Hi ssEli. nt tli VOL. V. orner of Coxv^ross an.lLiaaull;SUc^t,s.—Tiu>.>M.,MiJ-;K....x, ,,,■.■ fvutr,,- BOSTON, FKIDAY, ^^EPffOMlH'^R 22;i82(r " No. 9. OlliGINAL PAPEUS. PINE AND ELM TREES. Ir Fkssk.nde.n, — One of your subscribers ob- c-i llmt he lias sought in vain for tlio seeds of Piiie ami Ehii, ami wishes to bo informed how w l.Lii they may be jatliercd. rii'? cones of the White, or Weymouth Pine, luis Sliohus,) must be gathered only in autumn, iic scales open about the first of October, when seeds arc released, which being furnished with embraiieous wing, are speedily scattered by the ^^ 10 a great distance, he cones, when collected, should be laid in e dry place, where the scales will open and ds can then be easily shaken out. In the ith of April they may be sown, in the manner ribcd in the New England Farmer of the 15th fio flowers of the White, or Weeping Ameri- Ehii, (Ulinus Amirlccina,) " appear before the ci, and are very small, of a pur]ilo colour, sup- ;ed by short slender footstalks, and are united uncbes at the extremity of the branches. The :is arc contained in a flat, oviil, fringed capsule, ;hed at the base. The season of their maturity 'om the 1.5th of May to the 1st of June."* Ihe seeds generally disappear in one day, par- larly if there is a brisk wind at the period they ripe, and are scattered some hundred yards 1 the tree. In the vicinity of Boston, the seeds the last of Jlay or in the fore part of June thawing of the ground, during the winter, and it j li;, tin Edihr.-Tlxo ce.'ar apples abo^e alluded ^'^H'lJ^'^^'?,'', '"': •'"^'". °"^ "S'^i"' ^^f-"^ ! '0 l.y Gen. Dka.u.ok.v may be scon at ,L officrof the New England Farmer. Wc think that Gen- I)i;.\nBoiiN-'s communication decided the qucstioii respecting the sort of substance which is intended by ce,!:ir apples or kjiots. It still remains to as- certain the quantity requisite foi* a dose, the man- ner of making tiie infusion, trie best mode of ad- ministering, the cases in which relief may bo an- ticipated, &c. Likewise it might be well to as- cert lin whether the berries ftf the red cedar, or a decoction of tlie leaves or bark might not answer the same or a similar pur])Ose with those excres- cences. Oak galls, oak bark, and oak leaves, we know are similar in their properties, as respects medicine and the arts ; and it is probable tliat the same may be the case with regard to the cedar ap- ple or knots, and the berries, leaves and bark of the same tree. We believe that the substances called galls, on whatever tree or shrnb they are foujid, contain but little more than the concentrat- ed or inspissated juices of the plant to which they adhere. We are under great obligations to Gen. Dearborn for the foregoing articles, and hope liis example may incite others, who have the means, to add to that stock of information, which will ben- efit the public. many were killed by having their tender roots loft long exj.-osed to the inclemency of Uie weather. I have for several years cultivated' the elm, and find that it grows rapidly. I have trees that are only nine years old, which are from si.^ to oigiit inches in diameter and from Q5 to 30 feet high? The Button Wood, or American Plane, IHatanus Occiiltnlnlis, is easily raised from the seed. I have trees ten feet high and from 4 to li inches in circumference, that are but four years old. Oth- ers sown the spring before last, are from'3 to 5 feet high. The Rock, or Sugar Maple, Acer Succharimtm, and the White Ash, Fraxinus Americana, I have raised from the seed, without difficulty. The seeds of these three last named trees should be gathered in autumn, and inav be sowi then, or in the spring. Very respectfully, you'r obed't sorv't, H. A. S. DEARBORN. Brink;/ Place, Sept. 18, 1820. CEDAR APPLES. Mr Fessendk.x — The appl(*3 or knots recom- mended as a cure for worms in children, are nei- ther the cones of the White, nor the ba-rics of the Red Cedar, but excrescences growing upon the small branches of the latter, which appear to have been occasioned by some insect in the manner the he surest way to obtain plants, is to dig ovcv' ""*'°''".^ '"''^ produced on the quercus Infcctoria rake smooth, about the middle of May, a circle or two hundred feet in diameter, round some e elm, which abounds in seed. This should be ascertained, for the Elm docs not produce i every year. After the seeds have fallen, they t be raked in, and within ten or fifteen days young plants will appear. It would bo best to lure the ground or cover it with rich loam pre- :s to the falling of the seed, which would insure ibuiulancc of plants. They will grow several les high before the autumnal frosts kill the ■es, and then, or in the following spring, they ■ bo transplanted into the nursery, f this plan cannot be conveniently adopted, ets, or old sails, may be spread under the tree. le days before the seeds are ripe, and when y fall, any quantity may be thus obtained unless i-e should happen to be a high wind at the time, ground under the tree may also be dug over, ed and rolled smooth, and the seeds, after hav- faUon, can be swept into piles and tlicn col- ed in baskets. .ast year on the 30th of May, I had picked up, the walks and borders of my garden, which re overhung by a lofty elm, nearly a pint of They were sown in drills, on the first of le ; on the 10th they were up and grew, from to ten inches in height, that season. A part :hem were transplanted last autumn, and 2000 s spring, which are now from 2^ to 4 feet high. e spring is the best season to "transplant, as I nd all those set out last autumn, were thrown 5n the surface by the alternate freeying and ' Micliaui's .Yorth American Sylva. and various other trees. I send you several col- lected this day, from trees growing in Roxbury ; some of them are the produce of this, and others of preceding years. The Cedars of New England, according to Mi- chaux, are the White, or Arbor Vita;, ( Thuya Oc- cidentalis,) and the Red, or Savin [Juniper Virgin- iana.) The tree called the White Cedar, {Cupressus Thyoidcs,) in the southern part of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, is the Juniper of Virgin- ia, the Carolinas and Georgia. The Cypress [Cu- pressus Dislicha,) is indigenous only in the states south of Delaware, but is notvherc called a Cedar. Michaux observes, in his North American Sylva, that the celebrated Cedar of Lebanon, (Larix Ce- drus,) was considered peculiar to those mountains in Asia Minor, until Pallas discovered it in the north of Russia in 1770. The first plants were carried to England in the year 1080, which "have " yielded seed abundantly, for more than half a " century, and have given birth to the fine stocks, " that adorn the parks and gardens of the conti- " ncnt of Europe." It does not resemble either of the cedars of this country. " The branches are « long and verticillate, with a slight inclination " towards the earth." and " the cones are about "three inches long and two broad." You there- fore perceive the impropriety of applying the name Cedar of Lebanon to the Cedars, of either the northern or southern states. With great respect. Your most oh't serv't, H. A. S. DEARBORN. Brinley Place, Sept. 18, 1826. THE SEASON — PEAR TREES. Mr E^ESSK.Nnr-N — The present s.-ason, verv ex- traordinary in all respects, but especially fo'r its alternations of extreme drought with overwhelm- ing rains, in our immediate vicinity has produced, as one uc;!* expect, some very novel effects in vegetation. The very early drought accompanied with unexampled heat produced an early ripening of all productions, and in all the trees, whether o^ the forest, or the orchard, the buds of the ne.xt j'ear's growth were precernaturally prepared, and ripened. The excessive rr.ins of August following this drought, occasioned a general early fall of leaves and fruit. The quantity of early fallen ap- ples without the agency of wind is beyond all or- dinary e,xample. The leaves of potatoes perished by tliu rains so long continued. Upon certain va- riei.es of the pear tree, the effect has been very e.\i Inordinary. The Chaumontclle, Beurre, Span- ish Good Christian, and in some cases the St. .Miciiael's, lost all their leaves, while the fruit still cciilinued, and to this day still remains on the naked branches. In some places, this effect is seen on all pear trees indiscriminately. I should not however have called the attention of the pub- lic to this anomalous fact, if it had not been the cause of some erroneous opinions. I have been informed that some persons have supposed, that this premature perishing of the leaf was the effect of the disease, of which so much has been s:nd, I fern without much practical good effect hitherto, lliefre blight. I have been informed from authority so respect- able thot tlie fact cannot be questioned, that some persons have mistaker. t'ds casual destruction of the leaves by drought and rain, for the Jire blight, and have seriously asked, whether they were to amputate the limb^. Not an hour should be lost in correcting this erroneous opinion. No — this is not disease — it is only a premature ripening of \ G6 T^^EW Ei^ GLAND FARMER. Sept. 2-i, 18;io', From Ihe ./Imtrtcaii Farmer. SHEEP AND WOOL. IVhiU Port, Jtdij 30, 182C. Mb Sjci.NNER — The interest you have taken in than 10 lbs. ; this will be the result (if reiilize of crosses by sheep producing long and shi wool, similar to such, as is enclosed. A great erage can only be obtained by the most unifo attention to the order of the flock, besides annu the future bud produced by drouaht and heat, and the fall of the leaf accelerated hv rain. No am- pulation should be made — it would only increase the evil. This day, tlie 17tli of September, all the buds of my pear trees from whicli the leaves had fallen iiave pushed anew, which they oiiyliV not to [the nnprovement of .sheep as one of the most im- ! ly marking tiie least productive iii&ividuals , have done till next .spring— flowers will be devol- portant relations in your editorial charge, and the | sale or use — and what is meant by this attenti oped, and in some cases (ruit will be formed — all [ politeness you luive extended to my communica- I '^ not what many erroneously suppose (liigh fes this is to be lamented— the trees will suftor— the j tions on the subject, induces me to make a farther ing.) but a general regard to their constitiitj iopes of the ne.xt season will be cut off, but the ] offering of the result of our shearing on the 27th I and habits, limited only by our knowledge of th( trees will survive. In most cases, I hope that the of May last. In so doing I trust you'will not con- ] peculiar nature. If such could be obtained, (whi evil will not be extensive, but unhappily, it is I siJer it a mere challenge with the vyin glorious j '^ scarcely presumable in every district more prevalent with Mr Knight's new varieties (anticipation of superiority, but, as has been here- 1 country,) wiih occasional sliifts, uniform .saltiii than with others. This I attribute to the trans- tofore suggested, with the view of bringing out i anJ water at particul.ir seasons. As it ivcm portation from a cflld climate lo one much hotter. ; reports from others who have sheep worth p°ropa- j foot), sheep cannot be better treated, simuner Plants change their habits with clima!»s, but they I gating from, and to compare and estimate their I winter, than in the use of a blue gras.> ],;istiii ch.-;nge them s'oudy. Mr Kniglit's fruits present- value in their different capacities of usefulness.— ' save when the snow ia on the ground ; tiioii h e.Jto our country will ripen earlier than they did | Last year it is remembered that a. small flock in ' or trough-feed must be resorted to, as circumsta ■" ■■liglaiid. This efiect, that sagacious man an- j the state of Marvhnd sheared a greater average ^ ces may require. But I have not, for the li as will be seen by his letters to me. i-c. vineties of the pears sent by Mr Knight, their fruii r!.i^ veur. The Cassiomont has by a pound to the fleece?, than any reported, or in- [tliree winters, fed with any thing more t!ian deed any I have known or heard of. They were ''abundance of wheat straw, since there wo of the Friezland, or rat-tailed breed. If these ^^w days at a time excluding them from tli,' already ripened m tue g;irdcn of a frie:i ' who is I sheep have wool of good quality, and otlier prop- ' tnre. As it regards uniformitv of keep, it , an excellent ju;lg-e of fruits, and I am happy to i erties corresponding in a reasonable deo-ree, the evident that an exuberant summer's grazm.., f( say ne pronounces It excellent. It ho.vever rip- j owner would but do them justice by giving the 'owed by a dry, coarse and indifferent winieiin ened a month earlier than in England— hut our public a better knowledge of them, tire honora-'will liave a wonderful influence in detcriniati, season is this year as to maturity of fruit, a month ble competition amon>Tst the fine wool rrrowers both the form and fleece of an animal so suscep; earlier ^than usual. I have one variety of Mr ' will serve in part as a stimulus to those who breed ble of change as the sheep, and on the contrat Knight s pears, which promises to be from its size ; more for quantity ; permit me to suggest the im- the most abundant and judicious winter keep and beauty, a great acquisition. portance of giving an additional impTlse to such be lost on them if crowded earlv on voung n- JoHM Prince, Esq. of Roxbury, has a specimen ' as feel an interest in raising an abundance of good affordino- little nutrition, or unaccompanied" of the Napolean which is highly praised by the wool for domestic purposes on a valuable carcase, sufficient supply of salt and meal as a condi European cultivators. I add only one fact — I am informed that a Sco- lytus, (not a Scolytus Pyri) but one of its genus. If it is most advantageous for our Eastern, and a t° their stomachs : hence, without the latter portion of our Western country to raise sheep caution, the scours and otlier accompanying] principally for their wool as an article of sale, it eases. But I am getting into a dissertation wi of Its family, is making dreadful ravages this year j is not less important that we should raise it of an ' i^i'l "ot intend. In conclusion, I must exprel in the elms of the London Parks, and juis created j inferior quality on animals, otherwise better suited belief, that most farmers will meet with sin great alarm. Perhaps we may come back, to the j to the supply of our wants, in order to meet the ! success, if they do not overstock themselves ; opinion of that accurate physiologist. Professor { demands of our purely domestic manufactures period governed in a measure by the qualit Peck, and trace the loss of our pe:ir trees to the ] such being the nature of much of our Southern stock they begin their improvements on, if i? insect which he first named, the " Scolytus Pyri To botanists, I shall say nothing new, when I in- timate, that the bite of insects, is far more deslruc- live and poisonous than the direct injury ivhich Ihcy effect. I could write ten pages in describing the extensive, the various, and altogether unaccounta- ble morbid changes produced by the bite of in- sects, whose immediate depredations are very in- considerable, but I forbear to touch a tender ques- tion. J. L. Rorbvry, Sept. 17, ]83(). CHRONIC RIIEUMATISJSL We are not ready to add to the numbfer of the remedies which have been prescribed for this painful disease, without a certainty that such ad- dition will be valuable in practice. This certainty we are convinced will attend the remedy it is the object of this article to bring before the profession. It is a mixture of eejual parts of the balsam of sulphur and spirit of turpentine. Six drops of this mixture may be given morning and evening, and the dose increased two drops a day until it produ- ces stranguary, when the dose should be diminish- ed a little and continued until the disea-se is re- moved. We have been recently informed of the good effects of this mixture in a great number of instances, and one very remarkable case has fal- len within our notice in which the disease in its worst form vanished before it in a few weeks, al- though the patient had been long using without advantage the usual and other most powerful renie- ■dies for his troublesome and painful malady. i [Boston Medical Intelligencer.] population as to require an abundant siipjily of will persevere in a judicious selection of rare | strong, warm, cheap fabrick, made with most form first to be observed, then uniting in th economy by every liead of a family, a surplus of fleece length and closeness — from 6 to 8 o^ wool may be vended to our Eastern Brethren, or inches are good medium lengths ; when the: exchanged for some of their wore polished fab- is extended more than 12, it would have a tend ricks. I have thought, sir, in mentioning the facts cy to degenerate into hairy wool, or bcconiel of my last shearing, that it might add something , thin as to be light and unproductive ; and an ( to the interest of one of those useful and agree;:- elusion of all owes that do not prove their v8 ble monthly meetings of your Trustees to have be- by t.'icir first fleece. If it were possible to puB fore them samples of wool taken from sheep of the back of one of our large rams, weighino the first shear, producing in tlie dirt from 11 to 1(1,5^ : they sometimes do, from 170 to 200, wool as clI pounds. Seven rams from 14 to 18 months old", , as that of a Spanish Merino, with the length o^ being spring and fall lambs, sheared 11, 11. I, 12, : ^ 12 inches, more than 30 pounds might' be 13^1 143-, 10, IGi pounds, an average of more'than tained to the fleece. The nearest approach to t 13.J pounds. Rams, wethers, and year old cues, , i" uniting quantity and quality; in judiciouj to the number of 29, sheared 303 lbs. an average : combining length and compactness of fleece, ; of 10 6-16 of a pound. Thirty-five ewes, cither 'secret well worth the attention of every breed with lambs by their sides, or having hart them the I would venture an opinion, founded only on last spring, (with the exception of 7 fall lambs) ''ttle experience, that with a tolerably skilful sheared 234 lbs. an average of G| nearly. Many ' termixture of the close woolled Spanish Meti ewes varied from 8 to as high as 14^. The total j and our country breeds, that sheep of a i average of 64 sheep is 8g- lbs. The "seven ranis' guished variety may be raised, to an extent fj fleeces were sheared and weighed in the presence I and perfectly to meet the demands of every aa of several neighbors and gentlemen of the adjoin- ! cies of manufacture wherein poor wool is reqini ing counties, and the rest, with the exception of ed. This suggestion is not intended in the lead! six or eight medium fleeces, by one of them. A ! to supersede the earliest opportunities of improre- little time back, when our fleeces were thought ' ™ent by foreign, or already discriminated races of i extraordinary at 10 or 12 lbs., anticipations of 15 i sheep. Par from it, if we neglect to profit by tbel or 10 were thought entirely visionary. I am | labours and ingenuity of hundreds who have goj(ft||? clearly of opinion there is .still great room for im- I before us, it will be our own fault. Lest tijjiS' provement, and believe that in three years (bar- | weight of wool here repoi ted should be too tryml' * ring accidents,) individual fleeces will be nearer '' to the credulity of some of your readers, and dpi? 20 tlian IG lbs., and an average obtained of more I anticipitions bo utterly set at naught, a furtb^"^ M. (o'l. V. — No. 0. Ni:\\ KAGLAM) FAIiiUllU. 67 of oxplauatioii, may bo projior. Inl-lnglniul, : Til) pounds, if not more, have heeii shorn 1 shooiJ. Our approaches to this have been but ; : sheep ol" ordinary size rarely ever shear i!kui ;? or 10 pounds of good wool, except lire oMv eloped in their fleeces : thai li, so far iiuve their legs to tlie knee, and their bellies rod, whicli is the case with those in question, ly under the latter pisrt, of fiom 3 to G es long, of good quality for domestic purposes. in a proportionate degree owing to this cir- itanctMhat such weights arc obtained; and :roater the quantity of wool carried on such s, tiner, closer, and longer, so will bo an in- scd ratio of the dirt attached to it. One im- ant remark for those who may breed sheep is description : attention must be paid to the i, but particularly the. wetl\ers, that the urinal age be not intercepted by the great growth wool surrounding it ; from the accumula- of filth a mortification frequently takes place, 1 inch or two of the wool is not shoni from nd the part. I have formerly lost some of my wetlicrs for tlie want of this precaution. — I my best wishes for the increasing usefulness le Farmer, I am, respectfully, yours, R. K. MEADE. 1WTI1 AND MANUFACTURE OF SILK. verul individuals in this vicinity have recently ted some attention to the cultivation of the hcirt/, and the manufacture of silk — and the . Dr Wood, of Boscawen, has for some years lied his family with silk from his own garden, great use now made of silks, and the import- • of the article in a commercial point of view, er the subject at least deserving of inquiry, le surprising costliness of silk, and the myste- 'ils production, rendered it one of the mo.st ired of oriental luxuries. Its cost was so great, " when the wife of Anrelian besought him to base her onlt/- one. robe, of a purple colour," cfused, because it would cost more than twice .eight in gold. For ages the secret was con- 1 to China and India, until two Persian monks, filing in those countries, actiuired the myste md imparted it to the Emperor Justinian. — at was his astonishment to learn that it was need by a species of worm, and that the monks purloined and brought off a quantity of eggs le hollow of a cane, by means of which they ht be propagated in his dominions. The monks e munificently rewarded — manufactories were blished under their direction — and the luxuri- Romans were no longer indebted to their ene- 3 for their costly fabrics, with which it was r delight to clothe themselves. From Con- itinople, the silk worm spread upon the wings ommerce over Europe; "and will probably ere r, be as active in our ov.n country, as in its na regions in the remotest east." — jV. H. Jour and for im[)arting rich tints to glass. The bound- aries of the gold region iinve been enlarged and new and rich veins opened. The extreme points of the localities of this preiious metal are more than eighty miles asunder, and include an area of more than two thousand square miles. A peculiar- ity of its history is its occxrrence in a bed of Iron. It has heretofore been fouud in quartz, among slate rocks, scattered in fine sand, and accompanying a dense blue mud. The largest vein has yielded not less than $10,000. The occurrence of vein.-; so near tlio surface is regarded as an auspicious cir- cumstance, affording encouragement for the em- ployment of industry in making extensive excava- tions and a capital proportioned to the productive nature of the enterprise. [Nat. /Egis.] j It appears from a North Carolina paper, that the alarm respecting Erend stuffs in N. Carolina had subsided. Notwithstanding the drought the crops appear to have proved as good as usual, and ac- cording to the information of a gentleman who has been travelling in several counties, if prices war- ranted, or necessity demanded it, from lH tu 20000 barrels of surplus corn could be exported from Edgecombe county alone. Old Corn was selling for 00 cents a bushel. NORTH CAROLINA. 'he accounts of the rich mineral productions and cious ores of this state, have long occupied spicuous places in the columns of newspapers, m the mineralogical notices of the learned ■fessor Olmstead, w-e find that Manganese exists arge quantities of suflicient purity, to make it ■thy of the market. This article is of the value <-}0 per ton, and is useful in the arts for dis- rging colors in the process of bleaching, as a ■erial in forming cement for hydraulic works, DEPREDATIONS ON ORCHARDS, &c. The rights of the owners of fruit yards, orchards and gardens, are strictly guarded by the laws of this Commonwealth, and the violations of their property by a system of petty depredations and injuring, prohibited by severe penalties proportion- ed to the vexatious nature of the offences. As this is the season when temptation may lead some inadvertently to expose themselves to the uncivil greetings of the Commonwealth, it may not be useless to the careless to be informed, what is the punishment in modern times for the plucking for- bidden fruit, lest they fall into the hands of the officer? of justice. The Statute of 1S18, Chapt. 3, enacts, that if any person shall enter upon any grass land, orch- ard or garden, without permission from the owner, with intent to cut, destroy, take, or carry away, any grass, hay, fruit, or vegetables, with the in- tent to injure or defraud such owner, he shall for- feit and pay for every such offence a sum not less than two or more than ten dollars to the use of Commonwealth, to be recovered on complaint be fore any justice of the peace within the county, and be liable in damages to the party injured. — | If the person so offending shall take any vegeta- ble, fruit, or shrub cultivated for ornament or use, he shall be liable to pay a forfeiture not under five nor more than fifty dollars to the use of the Com- monwealth, and three times the value of the arti- cle carried away. If the offender break, bruise, cut, mutilate, injure or destroy, any fruit trees, tree for ornament or shade, or shrub cultivated for ornament or use, the penalty provided is not less than ten, nor exceeding one hundred dollars, to be recovered by indictment or information before the Court of Common Pleas. If any of these trespass- es should be committed in the night time or on the Lord's Day, double the above mentioned pen- alties accrue. — Ibid. Coal is becoming more and more an important item- in the export and import trade of Philadel- phia. Large quantities of it have been brought to that city from the Lehigh and Schuylkill this season, and shipped i;ound to New York and Bos- ton. K.\l'KKi.Ui;XTS WITH Si'EhP. December 7, 1787 -Sowed fourteen beds with the same vheat seed, as bl.ick with the smut as ever I saw any. •'Vo. Sniutli/ fan-. 1. Sown dry, nothing done to it, had 377 2. Washed well in clean water, had 32.5 3. do. in lime water, ha !0. do. in lye 12 hours, had 0 11. do. in arsenic 12 hours, had 4 12. do. in lime v.ater 24 hours, had 0 13. do. in lye 24 hours, had 0 14. do. in arsenic 24 hours, had .5 Young's i^nnals. MU ST A R U—(!:>inopis.) Two species of the Mustard are objects of gar- den culture, — the Black, which is cultivated for the seed, and the White, which is a good substi- tute for Spinach, and which is sometimes used with pepper grass, as an ingredient in sallads. Both species grow well in a great diversity of soils and with a small portion of labour — but the richer the soil, the greater the care, the more vigorous will be the plants. If the seed of the first species be our object, we should remember, that as the pods do not either form or ripen but in succession, we must not de- lay our harvest until all have been matured — as in this case, we should lose the seed soonest ripe, (which is always the best,) for the sake of preserv- ing that which is later and worse. The best rule therefore is to pull up or cut off the crop, as soon as the stems become yellow, and carry it into a barn, where it may reniuin covered with straw for a month. At the end of this time, it will be fit to thresh, and this will be done on cloths, and not with flails, which would bruise and break the seed, but with bunches of rods. Passed two or three times through a fanning mill, it will be fit for use, and the sooner it is ussd after cleaning, the bet- ter mustard it will make. — JV. Y. Board Agricult. THE PLAIN OF JERICHO. The traveller Brocchi, in going from the Dead Sea to Jerusalem, took Jericho in his way. With respect to the apple of Sodom, whose outward form and beautiful appearance allures the eye, and deceives liim wlio thinks to enjoy it, containing witliin nothing but a light dusty substance, he be- lieves that Halbequist has erroneously taken it for the fruit of the Solanum Mdongena, which our traveller found no where near Jericho, but only the Solanum Sanctum. He himself conceives the apple of Sodom to be nothing else than the blad- der-formed gall-nut, which is raised by the stings of insects upon the Pistatia Terebinthus. He re- marked, that nowhere had Flora undergone great- er changes than in the Plain of Jericho. The val- uable shrub which gave the balsam, had disappear- ed : of the celebrated rose of Jericho, no vestige is left : of the numberless palm-trees, on account of which Jericho was called the City of Palms, ihere remains only a single representative : in vain should one look for that fig-tree of which St. Luke speaks. The whole broad plain is now a naked desert waste, which stretches from the mountain of Judah to the banks of the Jordan. [Nuov Gior do Litterati.] ('^S NEW ENGLAND FARMER. feept. 22, 1836. From the Hampshire Gazette. COAL MINES. England and Scotland contain the most cxten- Mve coal mines that exist in tlie world ; and by the aid of canals, inclined planes and railways, this combustible is transported to all parts of Great Britnin, and delivered to tlie consumers at a low price. The mines of New Castle employ more than 60,000 persons, and produce annually 3(J mill- ions of quintals- France contains many coal mines, but the expense of transport to the places of consumption is so great, that the mines are not extensively worked. Only 9 millions of quintals are e:>tracted from tlie mines annually, which is not an eighth part of the quantity consumed yearly princes of India, and in ICIK) they purchased three I relieved, by the patient drinking plentUuiiy villao-es on the right bank of the Iloogly, and iS'entca srifrArt roo< fco77crf ?n mj'M-, bathing the wou founded the city of Calcutta. Other acquisitions j with the same, and biiTuing the root on the vvoa were subsequently made, but in 1745 they had only 10 settlements in India. Since that lime they have acquired many extensive provinces and king This is the famous Indian cure. But if tlie sna| happens to strike into the sinews of the heel, any large vein, death hath ever been the con doms some by purchase, but more by conquest; quence before any remedy can be applied If such a large Rattle Snake trade is profitabl and this company of merchants have now more ( people under their dominion than any sovereign , it is equally dangerous ; as there is no certainty j on earth, except tiic emperor of Ciiina. Their sub- ; calculation to be made en accidents that may haj jects are estimated at between 70 and 80 millions, pen. To horses the bite of a Rattle Snake i^ and their tributaries and allies at upwards of 30 certain death ; and I never could cure them, nl millions. The army of the company in 1822 knew one to survive that was bitten. Three yeafl amounted to 203,4.54 men, nine-tenths of whom ago, this summer, 1 was on the road between V;tli-| were natives, and only one-tenth Europeans. ! any and Millbrd, where a young man had a ^ rjj The company export from India to Europe vast largo one in an open barrel, as a show. I tq in EntJ-land. Vhe Netherlands are rich in coaf; i 1'^^"'^''^'^^ "f '^°"-*'"' ^P''^''^^' '"'''=° ^'^'' ^"^^'' ' ^"'' him to cut his head off — he said no : that ho ij there lire -3.50 mines in the vicinity of Mens, Char- 1 from China 25 millions of pounds of tea per annum, drawn its teeth, and dare put his liand to it. leroy and Liege, which occupy 'io.OOO workmen. They commenced the culture of Indigo in Bengal did so — it struck him very hard on the back) and vield 12 millions of ruintals. Germanv is not i in 1779, and for the last 10 or 12 years, have ex- the wrist. I examined the spot, but could not uKgni rich in coal ; there are however some very impor- tant mines, especially in Silesia. Saxony, Bohe- ;nia. Austria, Bavaria. Hanover and Hungary have mines of coal, but they are not of much impor- tance. In Swelen coal is found only in the pro- vince of Scania. Norway appears to be deprived of this mineral, and none lias been found in Russia jp Europe. Italy, Spain and Portugal have some coal mines, but they are neglected. Mines of coal are worked in China and Japan, and they are known to exist in Africa, Madagascar ;ind New Holland. Coal has been di.?covered in the Cordil- leras of America, in Hayti, Cape Breton, Canada aud Louisiana, and is extremely abundant in Pemi- .sylvania aud Virginia. — Translated from tlie Bul- letin des_Seier,ces. ported about It millions of pounds annually. The cover the skin to be broken — he must have drivJ average price in Bengal is (! shillings (.*1, 33) per the poison through the pores, for it swelled vel pound. They first planted mulberry trees in 1780, f^gt. I have been informed that he went next df and in 1821 exported 1,057,000 pounds of silk. to a doctor, then to a hospital, where his arm v\fj It is estimated that England has received from twice amputated, yet he died. So much for pla India, since the year IGOO, in net profits, 150 mill- ions of pounds sterling. t The British have always been victorious in the { east ; every war has extended their possessions, and they are now the undisputed masters of India. ith Rattle Snakes. SAMUEL PRESTON. HOMi; INDUSTRY. The ad\'anccment of this country in laa Recently the king of Burmah has been terrified ' turing industry is perhaps unexampled in hi=torij into submission, and a large portion of his territo- ^ I» the year 1805 the total consumption of cottj ry has been added to the empire of the East India ^y the manufactories of the United fctales«aar Compi,ny.-Hampshi?e Gazelle. Jittle more than 1000 bales. No. v Rhode Islat| __^ I uses .30,000. In 1815, our woollen factories cou From the Buek's County Patriot. j not furnish the army with COOO blankets. Durij — , the last war, capital was taken from commerce ari RATTLESNAKES. I invested inirianufactures. This was the first id It appears that our most barren and roughest pulse. In 181G a report made to Congress shews nionntains afford a profitable article for exporta- that /ocfj/ JiiiKions of dollars capital were inresta tion, on which the sagacious English parliament in cotton manufactories, and twelve millions have not laid any duty. It is Rattle Snakes ! The woollen. In that year we manufactured 00,(^ facts are as follows. Some two years ago there bales of cotton. In 1816 it was estimated that tq came a young gentleman from England, on a spec- wliole amount of goods manufactured in the U. ulation, to procure a quantity of Sugar Ma]de was equal to fifty or sixty millions of dollars, logs, as the hardest wood. I have understood he is now believed that we manufacture, of all kiiid^ wanted them to make rolling presses, for printing to the amount of 250 millions in a year, about '. calicoes; and with other articles he took home 7 uiillions of which are exported, and the rest coi BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY. A few months since, M. Moreau, the French vice consul in London, published a sketch of the past and present state of the British possessions in India. From a review of this work in the " Bulle- tin des Sciences," we derive the following facts. The British East India Company was incorpo- rated in the reign of queen Elizabeth, in the year 1600. The charter has been, many times renewed; the last time in 1813, for 25 years, ending in 1839. Tlie charter of 1712 granted to the company tlie , .-. , „ , , ,. , . , ,„, ■ , , i monopoly of all the commerce of Britain with In- largo Rattle Snakes.— He has returned for more turned m the country. The internal or domesb diaand China and this privile^'e was continued Sugar Maple logs ; and says that on hia seven trade of every country is perhaps more pormaneij until the renewal in 181.3, when all British sub- ! Snakes he cleared 70 pounds sterling ; that he de- and useful than the foreign. It is not subject t ^ posited money in various places, to the amount of the fluctuations of the commercial world, whicdf several hundred dollars, for the people to pay cash frequently break out and spread desolation around, for all sound, merchantable Rattle Snakes accord- The English journalists have been consoling thcm- jects were allowed to participate in the trade with India : the company still retaining the whole of the China trade. The funds of the company in 1621 were divided into 4000 shares of £100 each ; the number of shares has since been augmented to 60,000. They are now worth from 267 to 300 pounds. For the last 50 years the annnal divi- dends liavc varied from 8 to 12 per cent. The numi>cr of stockholders in 1822 was 2002. The debts of the company in 1822 amounted to 180 millions of dollars. The revenue in 1824 was 140 millions of dollars, and the expenditures exceeded 143 millions. This excess was occasioned by the expenses of the war with Bunnah. The East India Company had at firrt nothing but supercargoes to manage their aftair& ; after- wards they sent out factors and established facto- ries. They had built a fort at Madras before 1653, and in 1670 king Charles H. gave them Bombay, which he had received from Portugal as a part of the marriage portion of queen Catherin(!. In 1689 they obtained permission to buy territories of the ing to the following prices :- Small Rattle Snakes , Middle si 'e do. Large si'.e do. Very large do. .«!0„50 1,00 1,.50 2,00 ves that our industry w-as as frustrated as theirs. The facts which we have stated do not indicates, much depression. [Snowden's .^dv.] AGRICULTURAl. i'ROoPiiCTS. The harvest, particularly in the interior of our State, has never been more abundant. Tliis in- formation we learn from a gentleman who has been some time in that section. The evidenoi' -f I am informed that several people have left the labours of the harvest field, and gone on the moun- tains with their baskets, boxes and devices, to try for extra wages by catching Rattle Snakes. I am . ... told that at one place where money was deposit- U'is is quite conclusive ; it may not be improper- ed, they have so many collected as would fill a 'lo^'ever, to detail a single fact, that while pass- barrel. I have been well acquainted with Rattle \ '"g the Ferry, near Anson, he asked the ferryman. Snakes and doctoring forthe bite, for 40 years. i ^' respectable man, whose na4ne is Weston, f •:■ Expecting that vome of those snake traders may 1 1»^ crop was the present year ; He replied, t, pay dear for' their temerity, it may not be improp- j ^vas qu>W as good as usual ; that hehad hii: - • i er for me to publish the best mode of curing their ! securing the grain part of it that day ; an.l t:.a bite, if it can be cured ; and that wholly depends ; I'C had ascertained he shou d have twelve hundred, on how and where they strike their fangs-if only bushels of Rye, eight hundred bushels of wheat, in the flesh, it is readily cured, and the pain soon | and judged he should have more than one hundred Vol. v.— No. o „k,»; .■ i i . i- .■ ""-" V ..,.;„,;. 11 • * *i 1 , a- ■ , the resolution mentioned. In taking t iis step, it a view to alleviate those who may be suffering- under ■ ••■ • " ='^'=i', "■ its afflictions, we make known the following is neither my expectation nor wish to devolve up- „i„ „„ ■ , I ■ , , -, "1 youi" Excellency any personal trouble, but a pie receipt, which was communicated to us by a i,„„o ;, „„to>.f :.,„j .i. » >, n . ,, 111, ,■ ,, . , •', nope IS entertained that you maybe ab e to coni- iretu pmnn w in linrl hoon i-ol,ni7o.l hir if .,«/! ...U« *■ , . _ -' -^ v,v^iw gcnileman who had been relieved by it, and who had recommended it to a friend who had been con- fined for two years, and who was so far relieved mand the means of giving to the questions a di- rection by which the information they seek may, in some instances, and to some extent, if not en- in about a week, as to be -.ible to walk, and upon tii-oi,, i,o .,i,to4„„,i . , i i • * u ..■ ,,.i,„.„ ;, „. 1 1 I "f^'y> "'^ obtained ; and when contributions are whom it acted as a char-- The receipt is simply this : let the parts affoc ted, bo rubbed with a flesh brush, dipped in Palm ' formation will be thus obtained from all parts of the Union, it is confidently anticipated that the aggregate of in- Oil, before a fire, night and morning — low 1 neither small in amount nor in- considerable in value. Several co])ies of the quos- m visfour of intellect the knotty points of j ""^'''^ ■■''^°- [Bal. Chionicle.] and gentle cathartics are recommended as g^. " | -■"•"-■""- '''-"- 7'-'" --"P-' - '-'^'t"'--^- vice.hle nlsn. TR.i CK, n,i:.1„ 1 ^'""^ are ciiclosed, that you may be enabled to , , . , transmit them to as many of the enlightened and the profound axioms of Theology ; and to Another Remedy. — The following simple remedy patriotic citizens of , whose practical pur- T.ith alacrity the most difficult problem in j '°"' this excruciating disorder was communicated , suits, or the course of whose investigations, may sometime ago, by a friend, who stated that he ; liave created ability to answer thenC as circam- lemutics had frequently known it productive of the most stances may allow ; and although the fullest e quantity of Porter brewed in London, by 1 1 , salutary effects :— Take ripe cucumbers, cut them ! swers that may be practicable would alwav: js, for the three y-e^rs ending 5th July u^s into halves and remove all the seeds: let the I desirable, it is hoped that no individual will ^^nTl ^^^r , 'rfff-'i'on , ' 1S35, cavity then be filled with common fine salt, and | stain from answering, because his answers c, :,507 do. ; 189G, 1,505,0.30 do. an- be ab- conld the two parts be bound together. When thus | not be full, or meet all the questions propounded. 70 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept.2a, 183o. The only apology I hav good offices of your Excellency upon this occasion is, that it is one of public concern, and that what- ever liglit and information may be shed upon the subject of tlie resolution of the House, by the course of inquiry adopted, will, in the end, be made known to our couunou country, for the com- mon benefit. Permit me, in conclusion, to add, that whatever returns I may be favoured with to this letter, will be in season if they reach the Department by the first of December, a limit of time the furthest that can be given, but which is rather fixed upon, as it may increase the opportunities of making there- turns acceptable. I have the honour to reninin, with great res- pect, your obdt. servant, RICHARD RUSH. His Excellency Governor of QUERIES. The Plouse of Representatives having, at the last Session of Congress, passed a Resolution that "the Secretary of the Treasury cause to be pre- " pared a well digested Manual, containing the " best practical information that can be collected, " on the growth and manufacture of Silk, adapted " to the difterent parts of the Union, containing " such facts and observations in regard to the " growth and manufacture of silk in other coun- " tries, as may be useful, and that the same be " laid before Congress at the commencement of " the next Session ;" the following Queries have been prepared, with a view to aid in obtaining, in part, the means of complying vi^ith the resolution. Answers to all, or any of them, are respectfully invited from such enlightened and patriotic citi- zens as may have it in their power to furnish thoni. The answers to be transmitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, on or before the first of Decem- ber. 1. What efforts have been made in the State of -, if any, and at what periods of time oa"cr for askino- the I berry, for the purpose of feeding the Worm, in jing, furniture, or any other purpose ? If within! the form of a bush or shrub ? | your po-.v^r .and convenience to add a sketch or I fi. What quantity of raw Silk ought to be pro- 1 drawing of any or all of the above machinery, it J duced from an acre of full-grown Mulberry trees, | would be acceptable. j planted and roared in the best manner? Howl 1-J- Describe tlie difference in the quality of thel many Silk-worms are required to produce a pound silk produced from all the different varieties of the ' of raw Silk ? What quantity of raw Silk can be silk-worm, and annox, if in your power, a drawing' produced from an acre of Mulberry trees by other i (coloured) of all the varieties of this insect in its, modes of cultivation than the full grown tree ? i moth and other states. Is the insect brouglit from' 7. Be pleased to state, as much in detail as may i abroad supposed to degenerate in the United States,) be in your power, the methods of treating the Silk- ^ and if so, to what causes is it imputed, how are" worm, with a view to raising the best Silk, and in i they best to be obviated .' What are the proper the greatest quantity ; embracing, particularly, i rules to be observed in the choice of eggs, in thi the habits of the insect, as to appetite, cleanliness, ! choice of cocoons for seed, and in the choice position, or accommodations, whilst the cocoon is jthe insect for laying eggs ? forming; the species of twig or branch on which I"- If silk has been raised at any periods hcre- it is best that it should be spun ; temperature, and j tofore in but not at present, what are sup degree of light most ftivourable to the insect, and j posed to be the causes that have led to its discon- all other circumstances which may affect its health tinuance and strength, and its oapacity to yield a perfect cocoon ; also, a description of the process of form- ing the Silk by the insect until the cocoon is com- 17. Please to state any other facts or rircuin- stancos that may bear upon the objects or spirit of the resolution above referred to of the House of pleted ; the best mode of treating the cocoon, and [Representatives of the United States, though not of obtaining the Silk; and how far ihe labor of | specially comprehended under any of the forego, females, children and old men, maybe usefully I ing inquiries. RICHARD RUSH employed in the culture of Silk ? 8. What difference, if any, exists between the Chinese and Italian or Spanish Worm ; which country is reputed to produce the best insect, and what particular part of the country ? 9. Does tlie climate of admit of raising Silk with full advantage in the open air, or is it best that the insects should always be housed ? if to raise silk ? 2. Whence was the insect a native of- ilk worm obtained ? Is this -, and if so, in what res- NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 23, 1826. H ^-:rr-^l LEAVES OF TREES FOR FODDER. ^ Evelyn, in his Sylva, says the Roman hiisbantii men fed their cattle with the leaves of trees, but the preference was given to those of the elm. The husbandman, who lives in the neighbourhood of extensive woods, would do well to attend to this branch of rural economy. When hay is dear, drieA- leaves (of all kinds) arc highly valuable. Columel- la considers twenty pecks of dried leaves equal to thirty pounds of hay. pects does it differ, if in any, from the oriental or foreign silk worm ? — Are there any varieties of this insect known in Please to describe whatever kinds there may be ? 3. Does the Mulberry flourish in in its different varieties ; what soil suits it best ; is tlie White Mulberry an indigenous tree ? If not, has it been found to thrive as well in the United States as the Red and Black Mulberry? Which of the latter is indigenous, or arc both ? 4. Does the Silk worui feed as well upon the Red and Black Mulberry as upon the White ? Is there any other leaf or plant known in this country upon which it does feed ; and, above all, will it yield Silk of equal quality when fed upon any other leaf or food, as upon that of the White Mul- berry. .5. Be pleased to state the beat methods of rais- ing and multiplying the several species of the Mulberry tree ; how it is propagated ; how old it should be before transplanting, what particular modes of treating it are required ; the age at which it should begin to furnish food for the worm ; whence trees or cuttings can be obtained for trans- plantation ; the price per hundred ; how many trees should be planted on an acre ; and would it, or would it not, be profitable to cultivate the Mul- tlie latter, what size and form pf building or apart- ment is best fitted to its operations ? If the Silk be raised in the open air, is any shelter, and of what kind, required, as well from the rays of the sun as from wet, and to protect the insects from birds and other animals that prey upon them ? 10. Is there reasons to suppose that, in some parts of the United States, the climate may admit of more than one crop of Silk being raised from the Silk-worm, in the course of the year, as in Asia ? How will this inquiry apply to ? 11. Have lii'htning and thunder been found to , , , . ,, , . .. , , ,, ^ ,, 11. jia%c „ 1, f 1 od ; but the destruction made by the field-mouse affect the Silk-worm in our climate, and how far ; ' , i i n . .i, .■ »- . „ ,, V^ T. ■ . r r . , .upon those seeds, both at the tune ot sowiiio- anc fat all? Has any insect of our clim,-ite, or animal I , ■ ^, • . , . , , -r „ , • , ,_ r 1 . ■ • ■» during the winter, has induced many gent emeu ofanvkind, been found to prev upon or iniure it, i , % . . . ^, . , , ^, , ' ., , , , 1 ■ vi , 1 to prefer spring sowing to the autumnal one.— bevond those that are known to do so m other ; ..' .' "^ . = . j " V i-u"=c i When spring sowing 13 determined on, the acorm climates. 1 and other seeds must be carefully preserved durinjl 12. What IS the greatest quantity of bilk that ., . , i • r • .i ■ " ■ , ■ J? ^,, , r ■ ' the winter ; and, in forming the magazines, care has been raised in the State of in any one ^ » ' \ PROPAGATING roKEST TREES. [ Sowing acorns, beach-mast, ash-keys, &.c. in the i autun»n, when those seeds fall spontaneously from 1 the trees, appears by much the most natural nieth' year ; into what articles or forms has it been manufactured — and have the manufactured arti- cles been consumed at home or sent abroad — and where ; — v>hcre has the raw silk been sent when not wrought into manufactures ? 13. What prices have the raw or manufactured silks commanded in the market of the U. States, as compared with similar articles imported from Europe, China, or the East Indies ? What pro- gress has been made in the drawing, spinning, and twisting of sewing silk in any part of ? Have its strength and evenness been equal to the French, English, or Italian sewing silk ? How have we succeeded in the colouring or dying ? All infor- mation on this head will be acceptable. 14 Will you be pleased to describe, with as.o'' any provision suspended in a flannel bag «-„- much particularity as mav he, the machinery most keep sweet much longer tlianby most of the mode, approved for windino- off the Silk from the co- , commonly practised. The cooler and dryer the .-oon ;— for tormina it into organzine or thrown i '"eat is when the flannel is put round it the better silk ; and for manufacturing silk into all its differ- , '^"^ t'"' fl*""^! should be perfectly clean. Fr sli ent forms, (including velvets,) whether for cloth- ! meat put in a close vessel contaimng vinegar, wil. must be taken to keep the different sorts apart from each other. — Evelyn. ,/ PLOUGHING. f It is best that most tillage land should be plough- ed in autumn. Fall ploughing saves time and la^ hour in the spring ; a season of the year wlieB cattle are commonly weak, and the hurry of busi- ness presses on the farmer. But a soil which U sandy and light should not be disturbed by (tSi ploughing, but lie to settle down and consolidatj through the winter. rUESERVATION OK MEAT. Meat may be preserved fresh many montlis By keeping it immersed in molasses. A joint of meat n Vol. v.— No. ;>. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. * 71 je prcservuJ ii considerable time. Tainted meat Day be rendered good by pickling it in pearl-asii nter some time. Botbre it is cooked, however, it lioiild be dipped in vinegar a short time and then Lilted in brine. flKAFTI.NG FKVCH THF.KS. it has been recommended to grat\ cions on wild herry stocks, as \vorm«, it is said, never disturb lb wild cherry. We cannot say whether the peach rait will llonrisli on the cherry stock, but think 10 subject worth attention, and wish e.xperiments ight be made to test tlic utility of the suggestion. '2 Tons do. do. ground hi Oil II) disks I'Vcncli Yellow 'JODii ll)s. nutgnlls 10 Bids Alum 10 " BUui Vitriol .\I.SO::,Bbl3R(nnM Umax 10 Carboys Oil of Vilriol Nicarasrtia l-st quality To 01 R Patrons. — For the accommodation of r subscribers, mantj of whoiii, tve presume, have no ijtction to saving SCTcch/s b)j paying in advance the 5tk volume nf the .Ww England Farmer, we nd bills in this week's paper, to remind them of] hat may be done by a very trijle of ready money. If penny saved is tico pence earned," it follows that ring 50 cents is equal to earning a dollar. Lest y individual should accuse us of want of polite- ; ss, ire shall make our invitations to take advantage '. the saving clause in our printer's proposals as ncral as possible. '• To be serious, we trust that every subscriber who ' shfs to confer upon us a real patronage, tvill 'it into consideration the justice of remitting the ount of his subscription, upon the receipt of his I. Ji'hcre no private opportunity to sr nd it is likely occur soon, it may be forwarded by mail. To avoid nconx'enience of sending !iO cents in a letter, a ec dollar bill can be enclosed, the balance of which ! be passed to the next _i/ear'« subscription. SUJIMARY. >ondon papers to the 5th of August have been civcd in this city, by the way of New V'ork, contain little matter of interest. The nev •tuguese Constitution, w hich is said to be sira to those of France, Holland and Bavaria is 1 re satisfactory than it was at first. The Cortes ler this constitution is soon to be convokwl. — ! e new chamber of l*eers is to consist of ninety- members. ; 'here is a prospect of a fine harvest in England, the distresses of the poor;ii the manufactur- districts have undergone some mitigation. A utatiou from distressed workmen, solicited the 2- to recommend the repeal of the laws which •.v the use of machinery iii various manufac- ;s. The answer gave no encouragement to the ' .vs of the petitioners. It acknowledged that pressure was great, but temporary, and the ^ ef expressed that the evil would cure itself. j is stated that money cannot be employed in land at a higher rate of interest than two per i Cattle Show — The Cattle Show anl I'lmighing Match at Danvers, by the Essex AgricuUur.il So- [ cicty, takes jdace on the 12th October. .Something Curious — We have now before us six clap-board nails, and a common brass pin, j which were taken from the paunch of an Ox, sUuightored a few months since in East Sudbury,- by Jlr William Hard ; the nails arc perfect and uncommonly sharp.and wore found sticking through the comb of the paunch, so called. The O.x never appeared otherwise than well, and made excellent beef. [Concord Paper.] About 500 wt. of fresli salmon, caught in Lake Ontario, and packed in ice, were brought down the canal and sold in New York last week at 31 cents a pound to the first purchaser. The first Sank.— }n 1172 the ideas suggested by the vast increase of the Venetian Commerce, induced payments by transfers, ' or by writing oif tiie sum to be paid from the account of the payer to the receiver, without the trouble and inconve- nience of weighing out gold and silver. Persons thus interested in mutual exchanges, obtained a charter of incorporation for the management of tlieir joint concerns and thus produced the bank of Venice, the first bank ever established in the world. It was conducted with such discretion and advant- age, that it maintained its credit unimpeached, through centuries of revolution, furnishing the most beneficial facilities to commerce. This ex- '^J.T.-o^' '^^^'', , 1 r II 1 1 1 1 1 1 AbHli,s, pot, 1st sort, ample was soon tollowed, and banks were estab- ' ntail do - lished in process or time, in all the trading cities -BEANS while of the IMeditierranean 25 " Spirits I urpcntiiic 2 '' Copal Varnish .') 'I'ons Logwood J " Jlcdwood 25 HOls Camwood 10 Cases Crude Borax '2:, ttbh llosiu 20 " ground Rosin 10 " Juniper Berries. Alsool'lheir own uianulAclure and warraaf^ed of the first quality, 120O Bollles Superior Lemon Syrup TiO Groce Soda and Ro- chelle I'owders. 2:)00 lbs French Green 4 Bids .lapan nono lbs Sal Aeratus 500 lbs Super. Carb. S, Ink Powder and Liquid Ink of a very superior qual- ity for sale in large and small quantities on very fa- vourable terms, the money will be cheerfully refunded if it does not give the purchaser, after a trial, perfect satisfaction. Schools and Academics supplied at a lower rale than can be had in this country. N. B. Country Merchants, I'hysicians, and others are respeclfuUy inviled lo call, as they will find it to their advantage to purchase at this establishment. Gt. Sept. 22. iSTi^tr- ^ i>- " s^'^^Jh:!^' Fiuit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs^ &,-c. STEPHEN V. MILLS & Co. "^1^% (late Pri.-ce & Mills) proprietors "■ *^ of the extensive Nursery at Flush- ing, Long Island, near New York — -a--;^ S;.ij„- - ^(j-j.|. (i-njp yery choice and select coUcclion ofVraiL Trees of all the various kinds to which they not only give Ibeir ;;erso»!rt/ allenlion, but which have the still greater adranhigc of being ingrafted from bearing Trees whose accuracy has been tested, they therefore solicit with the fullest confidence the patron- age of the public. . The Trees, Shrubs, &c. are in the most thrifty and healthy state, the correctness of every sale by them is ] LIME, Jt^CVSII will be paid at (his office, for the follow- ing numbers of the New England I'aruicr, 40, 43, 44, 48, vol. iv. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening T!EEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, Xo 1, new, - - "' i ''ealthjl vapid increase when its population amounted to Fifteen Thousand. Over 10,000 emigrants have arrived at (.^iuebcc this year from Great Britain. More expected dai- ly! (Quince Wine. — Many farmers prepare this wine in considerable quantity in New York. When properly made it is excellent, and preferabl many foreign wines. Pennsylvania is famous for quince v.ine. [Snowdcn.] The elegant map of South Carolina, lately pub- lished, cost the state about $90,000, and tlio map OO'Publish of Virginia, also lately published, cost that state I """' P^y-*'"' about .'*(i5,500. [Patriot.] gorous state Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applio 'o ZEB. coaict Rogers' Building — Congress Sin Buslon, ^iugiul 'ibili, 1820. eotf. To Farmers and .ligrir.ulturisls. WHITE MULBERRY TREE SEED.-J Geok(;e MnRuoiK, No. 14 Market Square, hs received from Windham county, Connecticut, 2l\ to [quantity of White Mulberry 'free seed, of this se^ 'growth. The excellence of the leaf for the food ^ Silk Worm is too well known to need further reB menJation. 6t. Aiiyust ^l■iday at 1 hree Dollars p(# end of the year— tnt thoi pay witliin sixty days from the time of subscribi entitled lo a deduction c;f Fifty Cei»tf . bi, NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PublishcJ by John B. Russkll at tlie oornor of Coiiffress and Limlall Stn-i"! ?. — Tiioii \.h (i. FKSSK.Mit.N, iOditor. BOSTON, FRllJAY,^EPTEMiiEir29, 1826" No. 10. ORIGINAL PAFEIJS. I'l.OVMENT OB' PAUPEKS ON FARMS. Fkssenden — I read your paper with much re, nud have derived from it many valuable oa aariciilture iiud kindred subjects. It Id give'mc pleasure to learn that its circula- auiong the farmers of our country were a isaiui fold more than it is. y ol>ject in this is, to imiuire whetlier you can- consistently iris's "s ^'"5 result o'' "'■''"'^ e.vperi- ts which I understand have been made in your litv for supporting: the poor on farms, purchas- nd nianasjed by tow ns, for that purpose. This II h;<.> had t.iis subject before Iheni for some ; but nothing dciinite has yet been done, ip;'.lly, I believe, because no one seems to the reijnisite knowledge to guide us to a the subject sufficiently important, and one that comes witliin the object of your ))aper, please no- tice it as you think judicious. Allow me in con- clusion to say that my (oUy motive in directing any attention to this subject is to subserve the cause of benevolence — to alleviate the condition of a class of persons whoso circumstances are al- wiys sufficiently distressing, and to which we or our posterity may by no very uncommon change of fortune belong. I remain, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLKS A. GOODRICH. Berlin, (Conn.) Sipl. 21, Ib'il). ON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF HORSES.— CuntJniiedfrum page 50. Imperfection of the Liver or Pancreas, or Oo- ccision. It has been my impression that L^Jruc'ions in the Tubc.i or Ducts, by which their experiment has been made with succes.i in respective Juices are conveyed to the BoiveU. r neighborhood — that a farm has been purchas- j( sometimes happens that a horse becomes weak ly the town — a judicious superintendent hired, .^^^ Xean, either from" a deficiency or a redunrlan- poor placed under his immediMte care, to Ly ^f i,iiy_ In the former c?se digestio;i will ba lur according to their ability, and tlie proceeds le establishment applied to their support— the de under the direction of a visiting committee. ( have not been erroneously informed some ns have essentially diminished their poor rates esidcs that the poor have been more comforta- si!i'ported, and been compelled to contribute, licy should do, something towards th«ir own )C)rt. It has occurred to me, that communicat- on this subject, through your paper, would .vcr an important purpose. If the poor may nore comfortably and economicully supported I tuey are now, both benevolence and interest ilfi dictate the adoption of any honest and hon- )le measure, which will accomplish this end. — II you, therefore, at some leisure time, Cidl the •ntion of the public to this subject. Perhaps an wer to the following querie.? might embrace all irmation which is particularly desirable. . What is the average number of poor in the n? . What was the average sura annually e.xpend- for the support of the poor before the purchase I farm ? . How large a farm is owned by the town r . Is there any peculiarity in tlie structure of buildings by which they are better adapted to purpose for which they were designed ? i. What was the cost of the farm, buildings, ;k, implements, &c. . What salary is given to the superintendant II his family ? Has he any privileges on the What is the extent of his power in the nasrement of the farm, and over the poor? '. What proportion of the paupers can goneral- bo advantageously employed on the farm ? — hat is the employment of those who cannot la- ir on the farm ? I. Who has the oversight of the establishment ? nv often do they meet, &.c. :). Are the poor upon the whole better siipport- , and has the expense of supporting them been sentiilly diminished ? Manv other qupstions might be suggested, but e above are perhaps sufficient. Should you deem nuperfect, and the horse frequently costive ; the appeute will be bad, the animal languid and sliig- giih, and generally hide bound, the coat looking rojgh and unhealtliy. The best remedy in this case, is to give small doses of calomel, soap and aloes, as recommended in jaundice, so as to keep the bowels in a more open state ; or, if the dis- o.ise have existed some time, give in tiie first place a mercurial purgative, and afterwards the follow- ing alterative : Calomel - - - 1 scruple Aloes - . - 1 drachm Cascarilla p«wdered, )^ .-, , and rhubarb, of each ) ~ Castile soap - - - 3 do. Syrup enough to form a ball,/o he given every morning for five or six days, unless it occasions purging, in which case it is to be discontinued for two or three days. The horse's diet should be light and nutritious consisting of ground oats, carrots, malt, &.c. : reg- ular exercise is of great use. In the spring or summer a run at grass is the best remedy. When there is too much bile formed, it occasions a loose state of the bowels, which causes the horse to be weak and thin. This complaint depends upon in creased action of the liver, wliich generally ceases in a short time, without the aid of medicine Should the purging continue so as to reduce the animal's strength, the following medicine may be given, and assisted by a light nourishing diet, and very moderate exercise : Powdered columbo root 2 drachms Cascarilla powdered 1 do. Soda - - - - 2 do. Opium - - - - J do. To be given every morning. It is better to try it first without the opium, and it will generally be found to succeed, if the horse be allowed some gruel made with wheat flour or arrow root ; and when tlie opium is found necessary, one dose will generally be found sufficient to stop thcloosenes3, for some time at least. There are no external appearances, by which liisoased slate of the pancrea.s can be ascertained, lul it is probably very rarely a cause of ill condi- tion. There is reason to believe, that want of ondition depends, in some cases, upon an imper- fect action of the lactcala, or those delicat^ ves- els which convey the chyle, or nutritious parts of the foo I into the blood, or upon some disease of the mesenteric glands through which they puss .'Ml the interna! surface of the liowels is covered with very minute orifices, which are the mouth.s of the lacteals, and are supposed to be always open, to receive such parts of the digested food as re destined for the nourishment of the system. — It is not improbable, that these minute orifices may roraetimes be obstructs!, or that the lacteals may be deficient in energy. Therefore when a horse continues thin and ill conditioned, without any ap- parent cause this may be srtspeeted. The follow- ing formula may be employed on this occasio.i : .Barba'ioos aloes - - J- ounce Rhubarb ... 2 drachms Calomel - - - 1 do. Ginger - - - I A Oil of Caraways - - 10 drops Castile soap - - - 2 drachms Syrup enough to form a ball. With respect to those horses that are habiti-illy weak, or imshy, as it is termed, becoming loose and weak from moderate work, or other tritliug causes, there is no great chance for a radical cure; hut the animal will derive great benefit from med- icine and care, and often be enabled to do his work with spirit, and without much inconvenience. The proprietor of such horses should alwa_<'s be provided v, iii, the following cordial, which should be given, not only when the looseness and weak- ness actually are present, but at any time when considerable exertion is required of him. If he be wanted for a journey, or a day's hard work, let him have a ball a little before he sets oflT, and another when he returns. If the horse be very young, it may be worth while to attempt a radical cure, by a long run at grass. Horses of this description re- quire great attention from the groom; they should never be exposed to the air without clothes, unless iu the hot days of summer. Their water should be always at summer temperature, and given in small quantities oileu. Their food should be of easy di- gestion, their grain given in a broken or bruised state, and their daily allowance should be divided in four or five feeds. Their hay should be of the best quality; mow-burnt hay is particularly injuri- ous. A brisk circulation should be kept up in the skin and extremities, by frequent wisping the bo- dy, and hard-rubbing the legs. Moderate exer- cise is necessary; and the horse should always be attended to the moment he comes into the stable, either from work or exercise. Cordial Ball. No. 1. Caraway seeds, recently powered 3 drchms Winter's bark, powdered - - 2 dr. Prepared chalk - - - 2 dr. Opium i dr. . Oil of anise-seeds - - - 20 drops. Syrup enough to form a ball for one dose. No. 2. Powdered ginger „ - - 3 drachms 74 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 29, 182&i Liquorice pon der - - - i oz. Oil of caraways and anise-seeds, of each 12 drops Treacle enoucjli to form the ball. Thi§ is a more simple ball tlian the former, and will generally answer the purpose. When it is found necessary to give No. ], the opium should be omitted if there is occasion to repeat it after a sec- ond dose. CATTLE. Mr Fessende:*. — I enclose an extract of a letter received by me from a gentleman in the Country, which suggests considerations which I think are well worthy of the attention of the Agricultural Societv, with that view I s:ibmit it liirough your useful paper to their notice. H. Roxbnry, Sept. 20, 1826. " As the Agricultural .Society nre yearly giving considerable Premiums for the best raised Cattle, Woiild it not, I ask,tend greaily to the furtheiance of that object, for the Society to place bulls of the best breed in a feu- convenient places, of which farmers with their best cows could avail them- selves, to propagate and raise the finest cattle ? "Th-^re are, I am a wire, hulls of this description in some ;)laces, but tiiey are owned by individuals, and few farmers are disposed to incur at some risk an expense of from five to ten dollars, which I li _-uove i.^ ilip price eracte-l. I am not umppris- e ; th;.t the step here suggested ought, if adopted, to bo attend- ' by somt special provisions, such as that the ca)f be alway? raised — that the Society )iave the ri.'ht of ii bull calf to purch.T^e it at two yo-rs_o!d at aspgcine-i price — together with such ot'.er provision^ ;•,.< ni'.y appear necessary to pro- mote the object aiiivd at. By these n^eans there would be many bull ctilves raised, so tliat in a few years every team would be amply pro be much greater than can be now looked, for or e.tpected." RULES AND REGUL.'V MONS FOR TME CATTI.E SHOW &.&. I^T B^IGHTOK On Wednesday the Itiih, and Thursday the 19//- of Ocfohcr !h2iJ. The Members oflhe Soeitty will assemble at the Hall at 9 A. M. punctuo.lly for admission of Members, ifc. and at 10 A. M. preeisely icill proceed to visit the Pens REGULATIONS /or the entri/ of Animals, Man- vfaetures. Inventions, Working Oxen, Ploughs f^r the Pl-xigUng Match, Butler, Cheese, Honey, Ci- der, and Currant Wine. 1. Slock of every kind designed for Premiums, Biust be entered by letter (post paid) specifying the articles, or by personal ap) lication to Jonathan Wi.NSHip, Esq. at Brighton, Secretary of the Show on or before the 17th of October, and a certificate will be given of such entry, bearing the number of the Pen, in wliich the animal or animals of each competitar are to be placed. 2. All articles of manufacture and inventions, exhibited for the premiums, must be entered and deposited in the Hall on Momlay the ItJth, or be- fore 9 A. M. of Tuesday the 17th. 3. Working O.xen must be entered on or before Tuesday the 17th. 4. Butter, Cheese, Cider, and Currant Wine, must be entered and deposited at the Hall before JO o'clock A. M. of Tuesday the 17th. 5. Ploughs for the Ploughing Match must be en- tered before JO A. M. of Thursday the ^Oth. Time of Examination by the Committees who are to adjudge the Premiums. 1. The Commiltee on Manufactures will com- mence their examinations at 9 A. M. on Tuesday the 17th. 2. The Committee on Inventions on the same day and the same hour. •'). The Committee on Butter, Cheese, Honey, Ci- der, and ( urrant Wine, on the same day at 10 A. M. 4. The Committee on Stocli on Wednesday the 18tli at 10 A. M. 5. The Committee on Working Oxen on the same day, at the same hour. (i. The Auction for Animals and Manufactures will be on Wednesday at 12 o'clock M. 7. Tiie Ploughing Match will be on Thursdiy at 10 A. M. Special Rules to be observed by the Competitors for Premiums. 1. All Stock entered for Premiums must be put into the Pens before 9 A. M. on Wednesday, un- der the direction of the Marshals. 2. No Animal can he removed from the Pens but by permission of a Marshal or a Trustee. 3. Fat Cattle must be weighed before being but into the Pens, at tne expense of the owner. 4. No animal, not bred within the State, can be otTered fur a premium. 5. Working Oxen as they arrive must be arranged on the riglit-hand of the Avenue frou) the Road to the Hall, with their heads towards the Centre^ — and the Drivers stand by them — under the dirct- tion of ;l Marshal. C. The person entering any article of Manufa()- ture for premium must deliver to the Secretary the proper cpitilicate that the goods were manii- factured within the State ; and on depositing then at the Hall must see that labels are affixed to them with a ntwib'.r con-esponding with the certificate of entry. 7. No competitor for any premium, to be pres- ent duriiij- the examination, unless requested by the committee. 8. After examination, the goods will be consid- ered in charge of the owners, but must remain for public inspe^'tiou until after the auction, on Wed- nesday the 18th ; but a night watch will be pro- vided by the Trustees. 9. Persons presenting new inventions, must fur- nish the proper evidence of their usefulness, and give their nttendance upon the committee at the time of examination, to answer tlie questions that may be put to them. 10. There must be a private mark put by the owner ou each parcel of butter, cheese, honey, ci ■ er an'i currant wine. The lots of cider and wine to be accoinpanied with a sealed paper, being a state ment of tlie method of making the same. 11. The barrel of cider which obtains the first premium is to be used at the Society's dinner on the 18th, and/iie dollars will be allowed for the same in addition to the premium. 12. Mention must be made to the Secretary, of Animals and Manufactures to be sold at the Auc- tion in season for a list to be prepared for the Auctioneers previous to the hour of sale. The sale to be in the order of the entries. 1.3. The services of the Auctioneers will be gratuitous — but the Government Duty must be paid by the owners. The owners will attend to tlie delivery to purchasers and collect Uie purchase 1-1. Competitors at the Ploughing Match bo required to observe the particular regulati under that head in the Premium list. Particular JVolices. 1. On the afternoon of the nineteenth, the Ti tees will assemble in the Meeting House witl Committees on Premiums, when the same w^ I awarded. 2. The Treasurer will attend at the Hall i dlately after the meeting to pay all premiumi Persons most distant from home to be first paii 3. Premiums not claimed within six montl be considered as generously given to aid the f( of the Society. 4. Mr Jacob Kuhn will attend at the Hall deliver certificates of membership to personi lected on the first day of the Show, and to otl who shall not have received their certificate; The sum of five dollars to be paid on admissioi in lieu of all assessments and entitles the meml to a copy of all subsequent numbers of the cultural Repository published during life, witl charge. .5. No persons will be admitted to the Hall cept those who have business there, ou any but Wednesday the 18th, and Thursday the 1 (J. The avenue between the ranges of Per intended exclusively for the Trustees, Committi Members of the Society and invited pcrsons.- The Marshals will therefore be instructed to ad mit no other persons. (Q^It. is most positively prohibited to erect j Booth or Tent, or place for sale of Liquors of j kind, within the grounds now belonging to the ! ciety, nor will any openings through Iheir feni to adjoining lots be permitted. Tickets for tlie Society's dinner on Wednesi the 18th may be had of Mr Kuhn at the Hall, at Dudley's Hotel. {[/^Horticulturists are respectfully rcquestei furnish samples of their best fruits as a desert the Society's Dinner on If'ednesday, with a labti designating the name of the fruit and of the coi tributor. Mr Dudley at the Mansion House Hi will take charge of the fruit and see that the labi are preserved. Gentlemen tvho have fne animals, the exhibition of which would do honor to the Commonwealth, and .Manufacturers, ivhose best specimens ivould cmbd' lish. the Show, ore respectfully and earneslly solic- ited to send them for inspection, if not for premium. Vegetables remarkable either fur their size or oth- er qualifies will have a conspicuous place assigned them at the Hall, tcith Ihe names of the persons wht may be pleased to send them for exhibition. The following gentlemen being appointed the Marshals, viz. Major Benj. Wheeler — Col. Sam- irTELjAQUES — Capt. Isaac Cook and Capt. W. H. I Prentiss — they will be aided by the civil author- I ity agreeably to a special law of the Common- I wealth, in keeping the peace, preserving order, and enforcing a compliance with the Regulation^ 1 and their authority is to be respected by all per^ sons having business at the Show. PETER C. BROOKS, ) Committee' JOHN PRINCE, ) of arrange- RICHARD SULLIVAN.) menls. Sept. 182G. ofll» The number of power looms in the United King- dom, is estimated at .57,000, whicli are capable of making 1,2.54,000 yards of cloth pe» day, or 1,741 yards a minute. ol. v.— No. 10. Ni:W ENGLAND 1 A!{\H:|{. CAi'iL,E SHOW AT DANVKllS. gcments for the .l^ricultural Kxhihition at Janvcrs, on Tkurida'j October 12, 18'2(j, 1)1/ the Essex .Igriculttiral Sociel:/. \M claims for premiums must be entered with bcieUiry of the Society, on or before 9 o'- A. iM. of the day of E.xhibition, and each lilt will be expected to furnish a description tiniT of tlie animal or article offered for pie- \M animals intended for exhibition or premi- ust be placed under the direction and care of iciTs of the Society, before 9 o'clock of the nj of the day of Kxhibition, that they may anjed in their proper places ; and tliey must ;'.ie in these places until 2 o'clock P. M. \11 articles of manufacture or extraordinary li must be deposited at Dustin's Hall, (the provided for their exhibition,) before 10 o'- of Die same day, to be entitled to a premium. !'he several committees for examining stock, ill meet together at Southwick's tavern, at )ck A. M. and thence proceed immediately performance of their respective duties ; at time the owners or keepers of the animals cles presented for premiums must be pres- 1 :^ive any information that may bo required •ning- them. ^he Ploiighing Match will commence pre- at 11 o'clock. Si.x premiums, amounting to y-five dollars, are offered on this subject. — IS intending to engage in the Ploughing , must make known this intention to t!ie ;ary, on or before the Monday next preced- 10 day of E.'cibition. The expense of keeping earns as may come more than ten miles for irpose, on the night previous to the trial, er successful cr not in the competition, will d by the Society. it half past one o'clock, the members of the y will dine together. Tickets for the din- n be obtained on application to Mr George ,vick. vt 3 o'clock there will be a meeting of the y at the New Meeting House, when the ts of the several Committees will be read, .e usual business of the Annual Meeting cted. At this time the Report of the Com- for viewing Farms will be read to the So- "he following gentlemen have been appoin- d duly authorized to act as Marshals on this on: — ESSE PUTNAM, of Dativers, DAVID EMERY, " Xcwbin-y, (OSIAH NEWHALL, '• LmnJieU, 'OHN TRAILL, " Murblehead, vIOODY BRIDGES, " .ir^dovsr, JENJ. WHEELER, " Danvers, dtr of the Commiftec of Arrangements. JOHN W. PROCTOR, Secretnry of Essex Agricultural Societif. Iters, Sept. 24, 1826.- 75 OH the occasion, for the breed of which iireiiuums were offered. AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS. ! Berkshire Society will hold its annual Fair tstield, Ms. on the 4th and 5th of October. — Jttford, Con. on the Uth and I'ilh of October Merrimack Agricultural Society at Concord . on the 18th and Ufth of October. — The bridge Agricultural Society was to have been ockbridge on Wednesday last. It was ex- d there would be a fine exhibition of horses DETACHED HINTS FROM N. Y. AGRICUL- TURAL MEMOIRS, WITH REMARKS. In the treatise on gardening some quotations are made from the London Horticultural traii.-jaotions, as to the effect of ringing in accelerating the pro- duction of fruit on young trees. It is there said '■ that the decortication, or the stripe of bark re- moved should not be larger than would fill up in two, or at most, three years in trees bearing kernel fruit and in one year on trees bearing stone fruit." Long experience has taught us, that all ringing except of grapes is injurious, often fatal; and if it does not fill up the first year, the limb so treat- ed will die. It ought never to be used, except on a single limb, for the purpose of knowing what the fruit will prove. Dr Shadrack Ricketson, of Duchess county confirms, by his own experience the practice of sowing timothy in the autumn and alone, without grain. It is well to have this practice now geting to be common with us, confirmed by judicious per- sons in other states. Judge BuEL has an interesting article on the raising a crop of Swedish turnips after a crop of clc\cr, he has tried it three years successively. — He gives the Swedish turnip to his oxen and cows at the rate of one bushel per day, beginning on the first of March. We are persuaded, that this course is a very profitable one for persons who have small fariis, and that tiiey will keep a greater stock in proportion, and in better condition, than some of their neighbours who liave a great farm negligent- ly cultivated in the old fashioned modes. Of the value of roots to horned animals in winter, and spring, we can speak with confidence from long continued e.xpcrience. PHiLEMOiN Halsted, of Westchester, recom- mends the following mode of harvesting Indian Corn. " Give up the old method of cutting the top stalks, and when the corn is sufficiently hard, or ii'hen you cavnot find an ear soft enough to boil and then procceJ to cut and stout your corn in the following manner. Bring the tops of two hills to- : getUar without cutting, bind them with a few i spears- of straw, then cut and set up about enough j to make four sheaves, if bound, then put a band of straw around the lop, and then you may add as j many more and bind the whole with two bands, al- 1 ways keeping the hottom of the stout open so as to admit the circulation of air. In gathering the corn | proceed thus, throw down the stout, unbind and | begin to gather the corn. When you have stalks enough for a sheaf, bind them, and lay them aside until you have enough for a stout. By this you save all the silk, and small husks and underleaves ofthe corn which were all lost by the former practice of topping and gathering corn." He adds, that from careful notire he is satisfied, that it takes no more time than tlie old method. — Mass.Ag.Rep. FARM HOUSES. Among the work.s preparing in England, we no- tice a " Series of designs for Farm Buildings, with a view to prove that the simplest forms may be rendered pleasing and ornamental by a proper dis- position of tlio rudest materials. In the course of the work, the Village Church and Parsonage will be introduced, together with the School Holise.— Occasional Ideas will be added for ornamental roof houses, and seats to decorate the pleasure grounds — by P. F. Robinson, architect." We hop^c that, some copies of this work will reach this coijrfty. It is in the projier disposition ofthe materials, and not in multiplicity of ornament, that the true beauty of Architecture consists, and if this proper dispos- ition be observed, an elegant building may be for- med out of the rudest materials. [Phil. Gaz.] PAUPERS 0.\ FARMS. We liopc the article on the first page of this day's paper, under the above head will meet at- tention from those who are able and willing to fur- nish information respecting the objects of the very respectable writer's inquiry. In the 3d volume of the New England Farmer, page 302, we publish- ed a brief notice of a pamphlet, entitled " State- ment of the Expenditures for the Support of the Poor in the Town of Salem, from March 1824 to March 1825." By this it appears that the net ex- pense to Salem, (containing about 1.3,000 inhabit- ants) for supporting more than 350 paupers, dur- ing the period above mentioned was only G4 dol- lais 85 cents! The pamphlet we have mislaid, or we would give such extracts as should appear to us most likely to meet the views of Mr Goodrich. If a similar account has been published or should be furnished us in manuscript, of subsequent ex- penditures at the same establishment, we should be happy to receive it, and if agreeable, to publish all, or the most important details which might be of use to others engaged in the superintendence of similar inetitutions. GRAFTIXG FRUIT TREES. Mr Samuel Presto.n of Stockport, Pennsylva- nia, for whose judicious observations we have often been indebted, recommends to let trees grow in the nursery, " and plant them out as natural fruit ; then, when they begin to bear, I go round in the fall and mark such as 1 disapprove of the fruit, and graft them on the limbs the next spring ; and such are the best and most steady bearing trees that I have: they produce p reasonable equal quantity of apples every year, and much larger and fairer thart such trees of the same kind of apple as irregularly bear every other year." There is a singular curiosity in Rowan county, N. C. called the A'atural tf'aU. Some have sup- posed it to be an an. lent, artificial wall, but geolo- gists call it a basaltic dyke. CARBURETTED HYDROGEN GAS. Sir Humphrey Davy has made experiments o» Carburetted Hydrogen Gas, the substance which has been used for lighting the streets in London, and says that in theatres and private apartments it prodcces he&dache and sickness. It may, how- ever, be useful in lighting streets. Its operation- on the human system is, we believe, precisely like that ofthe gas from burning charcoal, which in a close apartment is known to be injurious, and sometimes fatal. The largest steam packet built in England is called the United Kingdom, of 1063 tons, of two engines of 100 horse-power each. Oats. — The crop of oats has been so abundant in Pennsylvania, that six and a quarter cents per bushel could not be obtained for them at Pittsburg a short time since ! 76 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. a9, 183d From tlie Ammcan Se.niiiuL CIDER. Mucli has been wrilten on the subject of improv- in'' Cidor in various ways, each as straining it from the press, by filtration through sand or coal, by boiling, freezing, and racking, and by the addi- tion of other ingredients to strengthe;i and im- prove it. Many of these and other modes are doubtless very beneficial. ll,_.But my object is to point out and convince the practical farmer, by stating plain, simple facts, thai' the most important part towards having good Cider is in the making — to obtain the strength and spirit from the apple in the first place, and that in many if not iu most cases, it is not extract- ed from the pumice. It is needless to state that the rich, dry, sweet apples make the best liquor, or that it is important that the fruit should be ripe and not defective, clean and dry : these things are generally and well understood. T^ie great er- ror lies in the imperfect and hasty manner in which the v.'ork is done. It is usu:-. ly the case that several make their Cider at one ui;U, and each are allowed but a short time ; the apples are broken in a mii mill (the kind now in common use) and put immediately on the platform, and in three or four hours a cheese or pressing is made up, the screws forced upon it im.mediately, and in a short time the work is done. Suth cider as thi?, and made from sour hard ap- ples, will have a watery appearance at the press, and an actual sour flavor, and soon as fermented will inevitably have a light colour, and be but lit- tle different from poor weak vinegar, au'l poorly compensates the maker. The mode iu which Ci- der ought to be made, would be to grind the fruit in the old fashioned trough and wheel mill, until completely crushed to a pulp ; then remove it into a vat, and let it remain in a mass until there ap- pears a slight fermentation ujion it, which will be varied by the weather and ripeness of the fruit from one to three days ; then put it to the press, and not work it off too fast on account of having it clear. Your pumice in the vat will change to- ward.s a cherry red, and your cider will partake of the same colour, and if not made too early in the season, will have sufficient body to carry it thro' the next summer, and a good foundation to work lipon if you wish to imprce it. My objection to the nut mill is, that it merely breaks or cuts up the apple, and does not crush and grind it like the wlieel ; still if the work is well done the pumice will very much improve in fermentation. To convince you that I am correct, bruise a sour hard apple, and force out the juice, and you will find it thin as water, white and sour, bruise the other side, and let it remain a few days, and you will find the bruise a deep colour, and the juice the same colour, sweet and rich. I am well convinced that we lose much spirit in the pumice. In New Jersey and the South, the Distillers never practice purchasing Cider, but re- ceive a certain number of bushels and parts of bushels of apples (as may be agreed upon) for a gallon of brandy, and I am told that they pay more, and are themselves better paid, than our Cider Distillers; they grind them, and ferment the pumice unpressed, in "vats, and distil the whole mass ; it makes what they call tjie apple brandy, and has a flavor of the seed which makes it differ from our cider brandy, which flavor is more or less liked, according to habit in use of either. I have often thought that our cider distillers would find it profitable to erect vats, and send round and gather pumice from the presses in their neighbor- hood, (u-hicli is always wholly useless,) and fer- ment and distil it. I may be in an error, but I think it would be an experiment by those fitted for it. The sting of the nose which you feel in walking over a bed of pumice, is caused by the spirit arising from it. M. From the Brooklyn Advertiser. GENERAL WASHINGTON. Jlr. Gray, — I have in my possoseion an original Idler of Gen. Washington's, written soon after his second inauguration as President. It contains minute directions for the management of his Plan- tation, during his absence at Congress. There may be nothing in it immediately applicable to the agricidture of this part of our country. But we shall i(ll esteem still more that worthy employment, to know that " the Father of our Nation," in the midst of his unnumbered public concerns, made it the subject of careful thougiit ; and was glad when his country permitted him to give to it his particu- lar attention. Your readers will, I doubt not, peruse with in- terest a few e.xtracts : — , Philadelphia, Aug. 4, 1793.' Dear — , Your letter of the 3ist ult. enclof iug the Report of the preceding week, came dul^ to hand yesterday. * * * * / Desire to have the Grass-seed sown in tie swamp he has been ploughing, as soon as he cin get it in perfect order, and laid smooth. — He hjis already been instructed as to the mode of doing \t, and (piantity of seed to the acre. — Tell him not to bury the seed : if tire ground is well prepaicd and laid level, the lightest bush harrow is sufficient to pass over it after sowing; and if there should be any appearance of rain soon, it would be better without even this, provided the ground is vvcil pulverized and lies light. * * s -x- -s- -A- There is no covering Buck-Wheat entirely. Rolling before the plough, and ploughing in, the way the roller runs; is the most effectual, and ought to have been practised ; but I suppose the o,\en being employed in drawing in the wheat,, was the cause that prevented it. * « « * -if « I Wlien will the Mansion-house people be done hay-making; and what do they go about next.'' — The Potato ground will, I hope, be well worked ; whensoever they get into if, for the reasons mm- ' tioned in formur letters. And advise with Butler whether the Oat ground nt the Mansion-liouse, which you say is so thinly spread with the gra._-i, ' that was sown along with the oats,might not, wher;, '. wanting, have clover and orchard grass scattered in suflicient quantities over it, and harrowed in, as it now is, without ploughing the ground. If it is not sprung up much with vveeds, I should think this mode would do. But it is impossible for me. at this distance, to give any precise opinion on what is best to be done. * « * « » * Desire .all the overseers to be very regular in penning their stock, and not to keep the pens long in n place. The doing the latter destroys the use of the manure ; for one part of the field is made 60 rich by it, that the grain all lodges ; and] rest is left too poor to bring any thing. * I am your friend, GEORGE WASHINGTOJ P. S. A Dutch newspaper is sent for the , dener. From the Trenton Emporium. ESSAY ON THE HORSE. Improvements of every kind in that whic! useful deserve attention, and the person who fal my place, by a .simple contrivance to make two posts in a rail fence supply the place, answer nearly all the purposes of a new one, hao- coiitril ed more to the good of mankind, than the w bibber Alexander, and the barbarous (ihe: Khan by all their victories. I have often seen, and so I, dare say liav people seen, before a farmer's door many old pi which, being decoyed, by long contact with earth, at the bottom, have been laid aside ai only for firewood. Take two of these posts, off the unsound part, which usually extends little, if any, above what has been covered by e;:rth — bury one of them so as to cover t : n of fli post holes, and you will then have thrtn' liofc above the ground. Then place the other pos i 'dps to the one buried, so that the rails wid pw .t«- through three holes of each, leaving of co;i hot"; of the latter above any point of th. ii >;:;ioi llie rails thus placed braced Ih.^ two posts ..^atl er, and make then sufTioiently substantial '-r s iimer inclosureS; and the fence will be of l,h' ;isi: al lieight, that is, five rails, or five and a hi^'i'lee Simple as this operation is, I am sure I mi;; lit hav saved on my farm some hundred of dollars, had known it twenty years ago. Sir John Chardin says that '' the Arabian motl: od of trying a maiden horse is, to ride him ninet miles without slopping, and then plunge him up( the chest in water. If he would immedintely ei his food, that proof of the vigour of his appetite a so proves the genuineness of his blood." Thi mode of trial, if ever practised, would indeed b killing two birds with one stone, for if it prove tb " hlood " of the horse, one would imagine that i proved too, the hardihood, patience and perse Jl ance of the rider. Be that as it may, one faofl ■ beyond dispute, it is tl.is, those horses which vw us we call " blood horses," possess in a grcatero I less degree, probably according to the mixture, o; ' or in other words, the purity of their blood, tl these qualities which we admire in their progeni- tors. 1 It would be no difficult matter to satisfy the most sceptical man, that a horse which is able to travel sixty miles a day, for weeks together, is a better and more profitable animal than one which can I journey over but forty miles, and at that rate fori few days only — yet this is about the average dif- I ference between the "blood horses" and the con , mon ones. It was stated a few years ago by Mr Chester Baily, of Philadelphia, a gentleman who "" has been extensively concerned in the mail lined stages between Baltimore and New York, for » quarter of a century, that " blood iiorses" were ca- pable according to his experience,of accomplishing one third more labour in a given time llian the com- m-on breed. Who then, if he be able to obtain a " blood horse," would purchase any other .' Cer- tainly not he who has tried both. A FARMER. Vol. v.— No. 10. NEW ENGLANO I Alti\n<:U. Al'ilICA. Tlie line iniportaut iliscoveries in the oentrtil art-- of AiVii n.'liy tUe Eiiglisli travellers, Deiilmm, .i]i;ii'rloii, &. will form ;im epoch in the annuls if If I'figraphy, and perhaps in the lii.slory of tlie m race. Much, howcvp.r, as these cnteri)ris- nen have e.Ktendcd our knowledge of tt.e ountries ;ind manners of .Afrir.i, they have lr!l ndecided the frreat point which has so long ei- rciscd the ingenuity of philosophers — the course nil termination of die river Niger are yet involv- [1 i:i mvsterv. A river called Veou, which corncs oiii the west, and empties into Lake Tsad, was pposed when first discovered hy M; jor Uenh'-iii, 00 the Isiirer, but it w.is .iscertaine>! by further jsearchcs tiiat the river comniotily called Niger irn.; short at Tombuctoo. and rons to the so'ith ist as far as NyfFce ; beyond that place every iing is um.ertain. Some suppose that ii turns to le south and empties into trie Atl-intic ocean irouj'.i tlio < 'ongo. Mi:jor Denham appears in- ined to believe that a large river called the harv, which enters Lake Tsad from the sou„',i, the same river as the Kowara or Niger, whici! ms near Tombuctoo. It is not yet known wheth- • J., ke Fsad has an outlet to the east, or whel'ii- • tiie waters are carried oli" by evaporation. — iajor Denham says the people of Africa enter- in a notion that if the Europeans could find out le true course of the Niger, (or Knowara.) tliey ould immerliately conquer central Africa. There- •re tiie information given by the natives respect- g tlie course of this river is contradictory, and iwoithy of confidence. Though the numerous tribes, visited by the Eng- iih travellers, have not attained to a very emi- ?nt degree of civilization, yet we are astonished I find in the centre of Africa, a great number of opulous cities, well cultivated countries, an active 1 tade, many kinds of industry, and people who are t> Btrangers to the feelings of humanity. The I mo-lish weie everywhere treated with kindness] ,• the princes and by t'leir subjects. The habits "the people are sociable and humane, and the omen among them enjoy a liberty unknown in her Mahometan countries. Slavery is the prin- oal obstacle to order, security, and the progress 'civilization. The continual incursions of these I joplc against each other for Iho purpose of pro- arino' slaves, are attended with murder, dcvasta- lon, and the conOagration of cities and villages ; ind are a perpetual cause of trouble and war. The ritish power inspires fear and respect in the in- rior of Africa: the Mahometans of these regions el grateful to the English for having expelled the reiich from Egypt. Clapperton was informed at Sackatoo there was christian people in the adjoining province of ouber, who were descendants of the Copts of gypt. He was told that they spoke their own n'^uage and had their own books. It is hoped hat he will be able to procure more certain infor- lation respecting them in his present expedition rom Benin to Sackatoo. [Hamp. Gaz.] BOSTON FAIR. The Boston Fair is highly spoken of in all qiiar- ers. The New York .Yational Advocate, in giving an ccount of our late Pair, says, " it may be looked ipon as a new era in the history of our industry .nd resources ;" and that the best Canal which Joston can beast of, is the spacious Hall of Ikt J\i\w Market House" — This, it adds, is a summit ( level as well as a reservoir of their internal indus- try from which tl. nr productions will tlow to e-.ery other etate of the Union, and even along the gulf stream to the southern hemisphere. — Ventincl. FEEDING SWINE WITH ACORNS. A friend of ours, has brought us a small bush of what is ColleM shruh oak, bearing as we shouhl judge, more than one quart of acorns ; and states, that he has fed and improved 2U swine upon these nut.; for weeks, without the use of any other nutri- niciit, except the common oiTals of a family. His mothuJ is, to take a h;iy-cart into his lot, and ci(t ti;e most fruitful stocks or branches in the vicinity and soon gathers a load. He then leals them to his hogs in sufficient (niantities ; and soon as tliey ' have gathered the fruit, the brush is removed. — The hoi,s feed upon them with avidity, and appear to thrive. As it is impracticable to have hogs roam at large over pastures and woodland, and thus helping themselves to the "■fat of the laiid," would it not be good policy for our fanners, who have great quantities of these articles on their farms, to try the experiment. If it can be proved tliat acorns are good food for swine, and can be gathered at a trifling expense, it is worthy of attention; thereby converting an otherwise useless shrub to profit. [Concord paper.] GRAPES. JMr Adlum, who has a vineyard at Washington City, and who has published a very useful book on the cultivation of grapes and making of wine, lias found it necessary to advertise in the newspapers a caution to his visitors not to permit their servants to intrude on his grounds. .\t the same time he informs them that grapes will be given them to eat, and sold to them at 12 cents per pound to car- ry away. He sells his wine at six dollars per doz- en bottles. [Brooklyn Star.] SPINNING FLAX. Two mechanics of Lowville,N. Y. have invented a machine for spinning fla.x, which is expected to be of great value. For such an invention. Napole- on offered a great prize. Hitherto, all Attempts to spin flax with a facility at all compared with that with which cotton is spun, have been ineffectual. If this machine succeeds, the price of linen will be greatly reduced, and become an article of export from the United States. TIIE SEASON. This has been an extraordinary season. The drought and the Grasshoppers brought vegetation almost to a stand in July. Currant bushes, and other shrubbery were stripped of their foliage, and even of the bark. — Potatoes and beans had come to a full stand. Since the rains have descended, and the ravages of the grasshoppers ceased, every thing has taken a new start. The vines of white beans present two crops, the last now almost ripe. Potatoes planted in May were in blossom last week, and the Lilacs have blossomed as in the spring. — Rose bushes present a June appearance, budding to blossom in September ! [Keene Sent] Books. — It is a current fact that the empire of China was full of books before there was one man in Europe who could read or write. A paper mill has been established in Upper Can- ada. From the .Miilicat and Agricultural Register. OBSERVATIONS AND E.XPERIMENTS ON GYPSUM, OR PLASTER OF PARIS, AS A MANURE. It has been asserted in print, " that it is well known that gypsum does not answer near the sea ;" and this has been tlie prevailing sentiment, to the great discouragement of experiments. One object I have in view is, to endeavour to remove tliis too general idea ; for as no limits have been mention- ed, to define how near or far oft" from the sea the t'urmer must live, before he can promise himself any success in the use of the plaster stone, it has operated as a general discouragement to farmers in this, and I believe in neighbouring States. I therefore mention, for the encouragement of far- mers in general, that by information I have re- ceived, and which may be relied on, the gypeum, the most ancient name, and which I shall use, (as to make it the plaster of Paris it mast bo first burned ; and beside, as ours used in America is chiefly the product of this country, ills still less proper to call it plaster of Paris ;) that tliis manure has been used in the form of flour (the stone being first ground in any grist-mill) in the State of New York, on land near the sliore of the western sound, !('!'(/i great adi'untage, while otiier lands near by received no benefit. This informatiou satisfied my mind that it was more in the soil than in the sen air, or marine acid, which prevented the use- ful effects of the gypsum, as a manure near the sea; for these equally pervaded the fields on which it proved useful as those where it did not; and the same variety of soil existing far in the country, where some fields are greatly benefited, and others on the same farms near by receive no material advantage from the use of this manure. The knowledge of these facts induced me again to make further trial of the gypsum, having some years before tried some imported directly from France, as well as some from Nova Scotia, without any material advantage. That there is a differ- ence in the plaster, as well as the soil, is equally a fact ; for all the chymists who have analyzed the gypsum, as far as I have seen, disagree in the pro- portion of its component parts ; this being, I pre- sume, owing to the different specimens they tried, and shows many varieties of it. But to b'e satisfied of this by my own experience, I tried by pulveri- zing four samples, two of white, one blue, and one red ; the white was hardest to pulverize, the blue next, the red the softest. I put each speci- men into an iron kettle, with a view to try them by tiio common test, by which it is known or rep- resented by writers and others, as the best for manure. The two first appeared considerably like a fluid, but did not boil ; the blue shewed some appearance of air holes, but not in the degree I had heard spoken of and read about ; but the red showed much ebullition, and on stirring seemed to bubble briskly, and continued lively some time. — From this I concluded the red was the best for manure, and proposed purchasing chiefly of that for use the next season. But that I might have the best criterion in future, after I had experienced, if I should live, the several kinds of these samples, I took three samples of the same stones of equal weight, say 960 grains, in open air thermometer 5-5", both in and out of water. I weighed these hydrostatically, or in water ; the white sample weighed .534 grains, being 42i per cent, less in- than out of water ; the blue and red differed very 78 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. -Jg, 1820. little, weighing 43J per cent, less in water than out. On calcining these three samples to a red heat, they weighed nearly alike, viz. 754 grains, losing about '2l)s or 22 per cent, which is more than Cliaptal mentions of the French plaster stone, whicli he says loses nearly 20 per cent. I have heard that the white kind was hoiled briskly in some other experiments, which also shows the great variety of it ; however, the only author I have seen that describes an unfertilizing kind, is the " Pennsylvania Farmer :" he says, that which feels rougii or gritty to the touch has done his land no good, while that which has a soft feel- ing has doubled the value of hia land. Though this observation c orresponds with the recollection and observation I have made on a parcel I tried without success, and of the white which is men- tioned, tliat did not boil, yet I am not certain but even this kind on some land may be productive, and I wish not to discourage further experiments of it. This hard kind is said to be the best for stucco or plaster work, for which purpose it must be calcined, which Peters says, lessens, if not des- troys its agricultural use, but doctor Darsvin ap- prehends it would increase it ; which I mention, that Peters' opinion (being one of the first and largest writers of experience on the use of the gypsum) may not prevent further experiments, to decide this as well as other diversity of sentiments On the subject of this highly useful manure.* As it is generally understood, by those who have looked into the subject, that the gypsum is not used as a manure in England, and this has been mentioned in support of the idea of the sea air's destroying its use as such, I will mention some facts to remove this error. It appears by Willich's Encyclopedia, and from the Bath and West of England Society, that " sandy land strew- ed with gypsum was more productive than tlie same kind of land covered two inches with stable manure." Although there, as well as in this coun- try, it does not succeed in all sorts of land, yet, says Willich, for chalky and dry calcareous lands its superiority has been clearly evinced over every other manure. And Young, in his Annals of llus- "bandry, says, oats prepared for sowing, with one bushel of gypsum mixed with eight of oats, after they were wet in water before sowing, exceeded ■in their produce twenty-six bushels, that of an equal quantity with many other previous prepara- tions ; and it appears they, as well as those of ex- perience in this country, prefer sowing the gyp- sum previous to rains, as thereby it is thought its efficacy is considerably increased. Kirwan gives it as his opinion, that clay soils were more improv- ed by gypsum than calcareous earths, which with other similar observations, being opposed by other writers, should excite the farmer to experiments ; for the proverb is perhaps in no instance more clearly verified, that " experience is better than science," than in the subject of gypsum as a ma- nure. Indeed, our imperfect knovvledge of its mode of action, the proportionate value of the sev- * If we recollect rightly, sonpe English writer or writers on the subject of gypsum assures us that its being calcined makes no difference in its effects as manure. They say that the sulphuric acid in gypsum, on which it* fertili?ing quality is thougiit chiefly to depend cannot be expelled by the most violent heat of the fumrice. You can only drive off the water, which it soon acquires again from the atmosphere. — Editor JV.E. Farmer. eral varieties, the proper application as to the quantity and seasons, and the varieties of soils as well as of plants, require the experience and ob- servation of farmers as well as the investigation of science. From the little experience I have had for the last four years, on lands lying within forty rods of the salt water, where the tide regularly ebbs and flows ; on a nearly level plain, about forty feet above the level of high watermark, of a poor sandy soil, such as we have found highly benelit- ed by the use of live ashes as well as leaclied, as a manure for Indian, corn, for which such land seems i.iost suitable, I have found the gypsum rather better than the best ashes: when a hand- ful of tlie hitter, and a table spoonful of the former have been applied to the hills, side by side, on husking and weighing an equal number of hills of each, the corn has been about five pounds in one hundred hills, the heaviest for three years succes- sively, on different fields, adjoining other land, on which I put gypsum ten years ago without per- ceiving the least benefit. This year I have had fresh proof of the useful- ness of the gypsum, as a manure for Indian corn. I planted an oblong field, on which my people cart- ed, spread, and ploughed in my hog manure, as has been iny custom for .several years, on these light lands. At planting time I ordered the prin- cipal part of the seed corn soaked, and as much plaster put among it as would stick to the grains, and so planted it. When it came up it showed a stronger color than that planted without any gyp- sum, as we had before several years observed. — After weeding, our practice has been to put ashes on part, and the gypsum on part of the field ; but this year, not having collected any ashes, in confi- dence that the plaster was at least as good, we used littU or none, but put on all the plaster we had, which extended over about half the field ; soon after hilling, this half appeared to have near- ly doubled the herbage of the other half. I sought and found more plaster, and ordered a table spoon- ful on one part, and a heaped tea spoonful on the other part, not plastered before, except a small part left for experiment without any : this was on the twenty-fourth of the si.xth month, called June, when I also ordered a bushel to be sown broad cast on a measured acre of tliat part of the field which we first plastered. On the same day we were favored with a refreshing shower of rain ; after which, as I passed by the field, I took notice there was no appearance of the gypsum, which be- fore was very visible. The result of thir. experi- ment has been, that the corn at harvest, on the end plastered on the twenty-fourth of the sixth month, was nearly, if not quite, equal to that plas- tered at weeding time ; and the acre on which the bushel was strewed, as mentioned above, produc- ed about 23 bushels more than an acre adjoining, by calculation after weighing an equal number of hills of each. The increase of the crop by means of the gypsum, appears to be 8:5- bushels to an acre on that which was twice plastered, and ^i bushels on that once plastered, more than that not pl.ister- ed after the corn came up ; the field as nearly equal as perhaps any field ; the season has been good. It appears by an experiment reported to the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, that 90 bush- els of Indian corn was r.-'ised there on an acre, by means of a table spoonful of gyjisum to each hill, put on after the first dressing. Whether this dif- ference is owing to the sort of gypsum, l!ie soil, situation, or season, is uncertain, perhaps either may be suificient to account for the increase of ji that in Pennsylvania. > Since harvest, on inquiry, I find some other farmers in this and New York State, have been ia th3 practice for several years of putting a heaped tea spoonful on a hill, two and three times during the growing of the corn, with equally as evident an advantage the two last times as the each first, showing its effects in the vigor, color, and growth of the corn, as well as the filling of the ears last ; and some say,the color and growth is perceiv- abiy improved in fifteen days. Some of these I have mentioned say, that sowing the gypsum over- the field answers as well as putting it on the hill, though it is, as far as I learn, most generally put: on tlie hill by children. I am lately informed of an observation of an in- genious farmer on the western sound, which, as I think it worthy a trial, I mention it — That the sowing or putting on the gypsum in a northerly wind renders it more productive, and prevents the supposed bad effects of the marine acid which ac- companies our southerly or sea winds. Though this to some ma}' appear chimerical, when I first heard it mentioned, my mind was led to consider and compare the observations of Doctor Home andH other writers on the food of plants, and their com^f parison of the exposure of the earthy materials inwl the making of nitre to a northerly wind, as being ^ much more productive than when exposed to a ij southerly wind. If the sea air, or marine acid, is f an injury to the use of the gypsum, it being first <{ saturated wiih a nitrous air, may prove a remedy, -i The gypsum being powerful in attracting and re- taining moisture, and perhaps the very gas that is a food of plants, when it comes within the sphere '"■' of its attraction or affinity with it, and the land y winds containing more of this than the sea winds, an imperfect theory may be thus assigned, for the t curious observation mentioned. I have tried the gypsum on potatoes, and it has * proved not only productive in quantity, but improv- >■ iiig in quality ; and it has appeared to be useful to ^, various garaen vegetables. My clover this year ■• on my plains, wliere I have sown only the plaster >}'■ for grass, has been more productive than I have experienced before ; but it having been a very seasonable year for such land as to rains, further " experience on this article is required, before I can say much about it, thougl) I doubt not its useful- '■ ness on the same fields on which I used it success- , fully when in corn. 1 Some writers have supposed the European gyp- sum better than the American, but the experience I liave had is the reverse ; and from the great va- rieties in Europe as v/ell as America, 1 conclude ours is as good as theirs for manure ; for perliaps no part of the world receives a greater advantage from the gypsum as a manure, tlian, according to accounts, the States of Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York, when the Nova Scotia plaster is used tliere. I am told by our coasting masters, that in Vir- ginia their old uorn out land whicii produced about' eight bushels of wiieat to the acre, are, by the use of the gypsum, brought to produce twenty. In Pennsylvania and New York they estimate their land, suitable for the use of that valuable manure, to have been thereby doubled in value. Shall New Kugland, which abounls with this highly useful article, for want of proper perseverance in experi- / 1. Vol. v.— No.lO. NEW ENGLAND FARMEli. r9 ncnts with it.lose that advantajjc their sister states ! P'""?'' i'-'int l" ^^o so near tin? rows as not to (luir accuracy has been tested hy the best authors of njov .- — 1 sny, it nboitiuls in New Enylaml. As it ! l'''''^"" some ground to be iluir with the hoe. The Ihn a^e. .as a pleasing tact, the information oT wliich irave ; ^ irtli is first thrown from tlie trees, and llien to- ' . '" the present catalogue he offers alcove 500 new va- .e pleasure, tn conve.satton with a surveyor of the j ward, them, and the ground .s also worked with a , TZ:2:::!:^tl^Ji: ]Z:t^:' Z' "nlo" c'eleSf md in the eastern parts of the state of Maine, I | ''"e between the trees to destroy the weeds ; the ' Uinds that have within a few years past been brought iquired if he liad discovered any quantity of the j '"°''0 ''"" earth is stirred, and the cleaner the into notice and recouiaiended by those distinguished ypsum in his travels. He put his linger on a imp i g''"""'' "s kept, the faster the trees will grow in i "'"'''<:"'li"'a''='^ ^'»° Mons i- Duqiiesene, and by Mr len before us, and said, " Ves : here, along the ' every stage of their progress from the seedling to \ ^"J"'''' I'"'*''^':"' ""he Horticultural Society of Lon- inks of tlie St. John's river, there appears an in- 1 "'« •"'! grown tree. ^ haustless quantity." I was before apprehensive ! I" pruning trees in tlic nursery, care should be reat Britain might, by impost or otherwise rcn- t^'l^en not to run them up too high ; this weakens r it difficult and e.vpensive procuring a supply ; "'e stems and throws the growth too much into was tlierofore a satisfaction to find that our ovvn j '''e branches. They must be pruned gradually, rritory could furnish a supply of that valuable ' ""'' '^ ''"'e each year. No suckers that spring up Bnure. MOSKS BROWN. I ^'^""^ t''e roots should be suffered to remain ; and don. In regard to the cliarartcr and accuracy of the Truils sent from this estalilithment. the proprietor refers to the Hon Jonathan llunnewell, ?iid other gentlemen in Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized his estab- lishment for the last fifty years, and particularly to the fruit of the various kinds with which the Boston mar- ket is now supplied from the extensive collection of SEW ENGLAND FARMER. ' BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 29, 1826. ,,,,,,,,, .., , , trees furnished the late l)r Oliver Smith, Secretary of N. B. The finer the plaster is ground, I judge, I "" ""ds should be speedily rubbed off which would I the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, who, more e better: a ton makes from twenty to twenty-five 1 m^ike branches too low on the stems. This atten- than thirty years since, had several thousand trees an- s]]els. [ tion is not required for those that are intended as 1 ""'*"yi which were distributed among the members of stocks to eno-raft in. "^'*' .Association. It may perhaps be deemed worthy ■n ° ' I. . L 1 1 of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offered for Deep snovvs are apt to bend down young trees, Ua'e, by the proprietor, are dilierent from those cuiti' and make them crooked. The best remedy for ' vated by other establishments under the same names, this, is to drive down stakes, proportioned to the ' and the identity of every fruit sent by him, tbeproprie- height of the young trees, and tie them in such a '°" expressly guarantees. NURSERY. manner that the bark will not be injured by the ' Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the subscriWer, K nursery, according to Dr Willich's Domestic ' ^'""S, nor by rubbing against the stakes. This is ' ^ mee't^pl^m^aUe,' u'o,^:""'" ' '"'"" '"' '"'^ lopedia, ought to be seated contiguous to the '° ^° ^°'^^ '^^'^'^ grafting them. i JOSEPH BRIDGE, Agent for the Proprietor, No. elling-house, that it maybe conveniently in- i Altl'ough pomace is commonly used in obtaining : 25 Court-s|reet, Boston. Sep. 29. ;cted"in every season : it should likewise be in '^'^'^''^ '"'*'' ^ ""'■^^■'y' ^^'etli'"k it would be more ad-' ' ^ " " ~~ ~ vicinity of a brook or rivulet, in order that ^'^"'^"^°"^ *° **''"''^ *''<''^* "'•'''='' you intend to remay be a constant supply of water during the s"^^'. fro™ the best apples you can procure. It is . days of summer. ^f'e t'lat the trees will not resemble tlie seeds f it bo intended for timber trees. Miller advises '"''''"' which they were produced, in all respects. — nursery to be formed on the ground which is ^"' probably, they may in some particulars. The igned for the future plantation, so that a sufli- |°''"^f"''"? will, generally, resemble the parent, in n number may he suffered to stand, when the '^"""^ "iegree as well in vegetables as in animals, ers have be'en removed. i^^^e should prefer selecting seeds from s^ood fruit PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - ptarl do. - - . BEA\S, white, - . . . BEEE, mess, 200 lbs. new, cargo, IVo 1, new, - fVith respect to fruit trees, 1. The soil ought to '"^'tained from young trees. This precaution may | BU'f'I'ER, inspect? N„. l. new fresh, rather dry than moist, and not richer than i'^'^ unnecessary, but it can do no harm; and we : CHEESE, new milk, - -" - -' : into whicli they are finally transplanted. 2. It ' "P*^ '^'"^ suggestion may lead to trials which will 1 skimmed milk, - - luld be carefully inclosed, to exclude hare.s, rab- , and all other animals that infest young plant- ins ; after which tlie ground must be cleared 'O all weeds and trtnched to the depth of about feet, in the raontli of .August, so that the nur- ' may be ready for the reception of the young ks in October. :i. On tlie approach of the plant- iseason, the trenches must be filled up, the soil frove whether the seeds of the best table apples, l f"LAX tr of the best cider apples, will not in general pro- iuco better fruit trees than the seeds of apples of an inferior quality. CORRECTION. The part of tlie article on Elm Trees, page 58 of (^r current volume, beginning — " We have two as leve'l as possible. The rows should be made i f ''f'^^ °f ^lie Ulmas, or Elm,'' &c. was not writ- e and a half or four feet apart, and the seed «ted plentifully witliout the pomace one or tv.-o les deep. If the pomace is not used soon after ng it from the press, it must be spread and dri- as it is liable to heat and destroy the seeds. — ds, which are saved early, or are kept for sow- in the spring, (which some prefer) should be lerved from air in dry sand : let them be put tfn by Dr Cooper, who was editor of the last edi FEAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, . - . Uve, best, ... GRAIN, Rye - - ... Corn - - ... Barley - ... Oats . - ... HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - ilOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, bush bbl. bush bbl FROM 1 50 80 00 95 00 2 00 10 00 ti 25 6 00 18 9 D. C. 1 75 32 50 97 60 2 50 111 25 8 50 6 37 20 12 t|on of Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia, but by | OIL, Lins«"ed, Phil, and Northern gal l]r Mease of Philadelphia, editor of a former edi- "' tfan of that popular and useful work. Dr Cooper's additions to the articles in that work are invariably niarked T. C. In Mr Harris's communication, page 33 column 2j line 14 from the top, for spires, read spines box, laver upon layer, covering them several ^'^l^^' eolumn 2, line 20 from the bottom, for tardaruis read Lardarius. es with sand. Soon after coming up, they are 5 thinned, so as to stand at proper distances, /J four or five inches apart) and the ground is to ept hoed but not deep near the plants, and r of weeds and grass. After they have had summers' growth, they may be taken up, :ed near the root, and set again in the nurse- the distance of about a foot and a half or feet apart in the rows ; where tliey may re- nntil sufficiently large to transplant into the aid, or they may be ingrafted into the ground, le cultivation of a nursery is effected by Thing and harrowing, each operation twice or e in the season, with ploughs and harrows of ill size, in using which, great care should be 1 to avoid galling or injtirmg the trees. The nna:an Botanic Garden and JVursery, Flushing, Long Island, near JVeio York. WILLIAM PRINCE,propri- f tor of this establishment, offers to the public the most exten- sive caiII.cI ion ot Fruits, Orna- mental Trees, and Plants in America, The Fruits have been selected by actual inves- tigation of their merits, and nearly all of which arc engraft- ed from bearing trees In the selection, which has been the particular pursuit of hisfather and himself for more than half a century, he has spared neither pains nor expense, and such as did I POTATOES, not possess particolar merit have been rejected and CIDER, liquor, (new) PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3.4 washed do 1-2 do Native ... do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort bush lb. 95 4 75 4 75 3 25 74 83| 731 55I 10' 90 75 2 50 14 25' 1! 25 II 50 10 87; 11 75 2 67 3 00 10 1 00 5 00 5 00 3 50 86 76 60 11 2 75 14 75 PROVISIOJ^ MARKET. BEE!', best pieces - - - . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . *' whole hogs, - - - VEAL, MUTTON, pout TRY, ...... BUTTER, keg & tub, . lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, .... Indian, do. . . . - 50 33 36 30 25 45 38 7 8 5 6 fi 10 5 C 10 15 17 20 2? 25 13 90 1 00 90 1 00 37 50 1 95 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 29, J82i; »I£SCSX.X.A27IZ:S. Love and Reason. — In -affairs of matrimony, some people are governed by love alone, and Among other premiums awarded by the London Agricultural Society, a Gold Medal was given to a Mr Cowley, for cultivating four acres of the hite poppy [papavcr somniferum,) and extracting some by reason alone. Each ought to have a just I j.^.^^^^ ^^ (30 lbs.' of Solid Opium, equal to the best concern in these matters — they are hand-maids ',r, , Turkey. Codfish. — A writer asserts, tljat the number of Cod annually caught on the Grand Banks, the coast of Labrador, and Gulf of St. Lawrence, ex- ceed four hundrtd millions, without the least ap- parent diminution of the species. Nineteen fishing schooners have recently ar- rived at Marble Head from the Grand Bank, leav- , ,, ,, . inff onlv four " long fare men" out. The above nose; and yet depends altogether upon , .",■'■. , u»^cvinnii «„;, oot;,v,ofQ,l ot ' •' "^ " - - '-- nineteen have brought 42l),0U0 nsh, estimated at 4,000 quintals. which go along with the few who are so fortunate as to be among the wise. But as the great mass of people have to jog on in the ordinary road, with a single guide, I will say a word by the way about the comparative value of these very different part- ners. Love looks only to the honey moon. lie's a near-sighted little mink ,~ doesn't see two inches beyond h his eye sight, and thinks he has a wonderfully clear vision. He is not able to discover any de- fects, and therefore most soberly concludes there is none. Consequences all lie utterly beyond his ken — you might as well tell him the moon was made of green cheese, as that matrimony had a dash of trouble in its composition. All this is the natural consequence of his blindness. In the account of articles offered for sale last week, at the great Fair in Boston, we have noticed the following : samples of 152 casks of "./Imerlcav. Olive Oil." " Corn. — Tv\o ears of corn have been left at the office of the Savannah Republican for inspection| One of thera contains 1140 grains, and, the othef 102O. They grew on the same stalk. There an 14 acres of this corn, wliich it is said will averagi to the ear as above. It v.-as raised within threi luiles of Savannali. ^ JAirErs^LOODGObD & Go's ' Jfyrsery at Flushing, on Long Island, near J\'tu York. IN' belialf of the proprietors of (lie ciIoti The heart of a cod-fish, taken out and exposed! ^f^' nur.erytlie subscriber soiicits (he o, „ , ..,, , . , ,'|, „ ( .^-.:&!-s_ horticultunsls who may be desirous o to the sun for some hours, till almost Jry, still re- , i.-^-^f^Tiardens and fields with fruit trees of tl, tains symptoms of life ; and whenever it is touch- 1 .^j.,, ^„(i j„as[ healthy ai d vigorous storks the ],iefeii ed, becomes violently agitated for a minute or two. | autumn. ^, , . i. 1, • I ) BLnoDOoo-D Sc Co. allend personally lo Ihe invc 11 III int Upper Canada.— The population of this prov-l;„^ ,.ngrafl>ng of all Ihdr fruit Iro.s, and pui(l,:„sf ince is said now to be 200,000. Its internal im-j may rely with ccmfidence that the trees they ordM- wil Reason is to Love, wliat a pair of spectacles is! provements and lake navigation have increased in j prove {fjenuiue. to a near-sighted man; it enables the blind little ; a larger ratio. The capital expended in steam- The subscriber, ag:ent ofthe above nursery, ivill it fellow to look beyond the fair cheek and the blue , boats since 1816, amounts to nearly half a million K<='^'^ "'^ FRu\°t'*ANd'V'ur'e"t TRFF.S eye — the pretty form and the pretty features of | of dollars. — The inhabitants are almost entirely FL()WF.R[N(; SHRUBS ' his mistress — beyond the wedding ceremony and | English and American. Their habits and associ- ^no the wedding-supper — and the thousand things that | ations similar to those of their neighbors of the PI,-. \'!S. cluster round the very idea of marriage. He en- 1 United States ; and as dissimilar to those of Low- \nd the trees will be d< !iv red in this city at the ris ables the boy, I say, to look beyond all these, to er Canada as those of England and France are to|{^";|/„''P'°'*' "'"'*"' Purchaser; the Mils may f, pal the domestic fire-side— to the kitchen comforts of each other. In the nature of things tlie connex- , ",hl"reputalion of wis nursery is so ey.tensiveiy ku^v wedded life — to tlie larder and the ledger — to the ' ion of such incongruities cannot long continue. g,,^ j,^, jjeei, so well sustaimd that I lake 1 pudding and the pur.se — to the ways and means of j Centinel. living — as well as to the very simple business of I Manufaclures. — In 1816 the United States inan-j loving. 1 ufactured about §55,000,000 of goods; in 1826 thd I look at these things in a very sober light — for amount is estimated at $250,000,000, of whict| T have no lot or part in the matter. But I do not |25,000,000 are exported. ' distrust my judgement the more on that account. | .„ . . . „ „ , ,t . ■ tj n j ■ i „ , J 1 ■ t ,1 , .„♦„!.„„ t Provisions tn Holland. — -Meat m Holland i» -' People more deeply interested are apt to take a ■" "' . ,,.n,n ■ i ^ . -, , . r.\\' pence per lb. notwithstanding 16 OoO cows perisl- «ne sided view of the case. ' '^j , \ , .• c .v. ^ ^ r\e e ■ ,, ., , .1^1, tu„ , i> .„ *i,„ „,] ; ed bv the inundations of the last ye.ir. Oi treai " Marrv the lass that has the cow," was the ad- , ■' , . . , , , , ^ e 12 .1 » 1 )i„ I,, „..u , butter the price is only 4 pence,and potted 5 penc.i\ vice of an old gentleman to a laddie who consult- ; ""'•'•"=' "^ i j i ' i- r cd him on the subject of a choice between a girl | Female Education. — A young girl was presert- with a cow, and one that had nothing but a pretty ' ed to James I. as an English prodigy, because sle face — " so far as beauty is considered, there is > was deeply learned. The person who introduc(d not the difference of a cow betv.een any two girls \ her, boasted of her proficiency in ancient langui- in Christendom." This is not my notion, howev- ges. ' I can assure your majesty,' said hv, '■ tiat er, though there is sometliing in it. But marry she can both write and spcLik Latin, Greek aid the girl who will manage your domestic concerns Hebrew.' ' These are rare accomplisliments foi a to advantage, who is prudent, sensible, economic- damsel, said James, but pray tell me, can Ae al — get a good disposition — an accomplished mind spiii with it, will be all the better — and beauty, if yon find it united with all these, will complete the tout ensemble. Do not marry for money merely — There is nei- ther love nor reason in that. It may buy many fine things, but it won't buy happiness, and with- fer those in want of trees to any of the Ho ticuUuii! in t' i» city aT:d itsVichiily, and if ocular ileuioi.sl, nli( I- desired, 1 invite thosi who wi h to In- thus snlisfii to (xamine the trees in my garden at Dorchesiir pit' cured from this nursiry for three or four yeais pai f-orne of whirh are now in bearing, all in a heallliy y vigorous slati . Catalogues will be delivered gratis on api liratji to ZV.li. COOK Jr. Rogers' Building — Congress ^treet Bnslon, August ^blh. 'iS'i6. eptf. Fruit and Ornamental Tru Shrubs, 8,-c. STEPHEN F. MILLP .t C (late Fri.,cc & xMills) proiiridt of the extensive Nursery at f li|| ing, l.ong Island, near New ^ offer their very choice and sm colkclion of Fruit Trees of all the various kinds to wHii they not only give their /)er*o»a; n/(e7i/)on, hut whli have the slill grraler ailcanlagc of being ingi alt> ^1 fro A malignant fever has manifested itself extcn- ] bearing Trees whose accuracy has been tested, I solicit with the fullest confidence the paj ; sively at the village of Stillington, ten miles from ; Iherefi.re solicit with j York. It is called a black fever, and tlie injiaii- 1 "^^-n"! Trees Suubs, put that a man is a poor creature. Money is no objection — it may be, indeed, an ihiportant object. But every other consideration bends to the point of being matched as well as paired, when Love and Reason join hand.s. But I write to young people — and young people do not like long stories. I may say a word more on this matter in tlie winter — when the sleigh l3ells.:ljring the subject again to inind. Trenton Emporium. The people of Great Britain, as well as in Anier- ica| have become a great tea drinking people. The average consumption of tea in that country for ten years past, amounts to 27,750,063 pounds. tants ascribe it to an infection caused by some /u- trid bones which have been ground there for n.a- nure. [English paper.] One day that Fre.lcrick, King of Prussia, was on the point of entering a grand state party, tie was informed that two ladies were disputing lor precedence at the door, with shameful violence. — " Tell them," said the King, "that she whose his- band occupies the most eminent place ought to p^ss fir.st." " They know it," replied the Chamberlain, "but their husbands are of the same rank." "Very well, precedence belongs to the oldest." "But they were both appointed at the same time." — " Then," replied the monarcli in a passion, "tell them from mo, that the greatest fool is to lias-* first." There are now five newspapers published in the Colony of New South Wales. &c. are in the most thrifty i healthy stale, the correi tnes-s of every sale by th«l "■uaranteed, and the same attention observed in th lection as if the purchasers were present. Orders will receive faithful and prompt attonj and catalogues furnished on application to HENRJ B!LLI?imlrill ^OL. V. B08T0N, FRIDAY, OCTO^iEil (j, 1,S26. ■KSSKMir..\, tliiitor. No. II, OHIGINAL PAPERS^_^^ ESSAY 7)N^M A NUR ES, ^ Hiited to the C'htshirc, .V. H..Jgiiciillur( °' '''^ N. H. Agricultural Repository have botii i-ovenients in the first occupation of man, the iv?,tion of the soil. This fact is an evidence, tiie favourable influence of science on practical ban .ry. Virgil united with his powers of poetry a !'V. ledge of chemistry, his Georgics would noton- a\e kindled in his countrymen a love of agricul- 3, hut have introduced that train of correct in led to progress, while science itself slumbered, vould not then perhaps, have been sr.i,',, that given very particular and judicious directions, for tlie construction of barn yards ; which ought to be e.xpiration (4' the It^th century, agriculture was , o'^served by every farmer.* After these precau 10 hi>?lirr state of improvement, than during the s of Vir il and Cincinnatus. ivery farmer should have, at least some gene principles, to govern him in the cultivation of farm. Mere matter of fact knowhdf^e, though y useful, is too limited for the various circum- iions, tl'ere will be at times overflouings whicli •ill carry from the yard a portion of the most nu- tritious manure. This would require, vhat these overflowings be received by land, which may he benefitted thereby. Bill if circumstances will not permit this, an excavation or a cistern, might b nces and changes of husbandry. lie need not '"^'•^' ''* '■'"^ lowest part, either just without or 'e a minute knowledge of chemistry, but shonhi sess that general information of those princi- is which have a near relation to all his opera- DS. The main points of inquiry in the art of agricul- ■e, are how to give fertility to weak and sterile Is, and to renovate such as are worn out by fre- 3nt cropping, with the least e.vpense. These ;ects are, principally, effected by the due appli- ;ion of animal and vegetable substances, in the te of decomposition ; and of those articles, lich promote this state in these materials in the 1, and are themselves convertible into vegetable triment. Whatever is productive of these ef- ts, may correctly be called manure ; and in Dportiou, as these materials abound, to a certain gree, is the fertility of soil. It has been discovered, that, such being the veg- dble economy, plants are incapable of absorbing lid substances, however minutely divided. This ct alone would confute the theory of TuU ano hers of his day, that earthy matter is the true •getable nutriment; and that manure is only use- 1 in mechanically pulveri.:ing the soil. To pro- ice this necessary state of solution of animal and ?gctab!e substances, is the principal use of fer- entation. As the earth unmixed with these ingredients, is srfectly sterile, it is a wise provision of the Au- lor of nature, that the vegetable growth of one ear miy become vegetable food for the succeed- ig. But the products of cultivated land, are re- loved for the sustenance of man and animals. It, uerefore, depends on the good management of the armer, \\ hether he restores a sufficient substitute or whit he has taken from his farm, to continue ts fertility. Every farmer does not correctly appreciate the within the yard. Sir Joim Sinclair says " the more opulent (Flem- ish) fanners pave, and line with bricks, the recep- tacles of their dung, which is kept constantly [dunged in lirjuid matter. The fibrous parts of vegetables are, in this manner, completely decom posed, and four tons of such m;inure will go as far as five collected and kept with less [precaution. As most farmers will not be at the expense of lin- ing these receptacles, they should furnish them abundar.tly with absorbing and putrescent materi- als ; or carry out the liquid matter in casks, or hogsheads, soon after it is collected ; and scatter it on grass land as a top dressing, or on fields be- fore sowing. No manure exceeds this in rich- ness, consisting of urine and the soluble parts of vegetables, more or less diluted ; wliich from their saline impregnation, greatly promote the absorp tion of moisture in the soil. In the winter, straw, huts of corn, litter, &c. will collect in the yard, somewhat in proportion as tlie farmer has been diligent in making manure for preceding crops of grain and hay. No industrious farmer will neglect to cart into his yard, in the fall and spring, mould, mud, sods, &c. taken from the sides of the road, cavities and low grounds, on his farm. A quantity of these will be required .ifter the yard is cleared in the fall, as a sort of ground work of accumulating m^tterials ; and, in the spring, a similar quantity will be wanted for the same purpose, if it be thought expedient to * We have not seen those directions. We do not doubt, however, of their utility. The direc- tions given by J. Buel, Esq. of Albany, published in the New England Farmer, vol. iv. page 409 ap- pear to us to be the best for American farmers, which we have seen. — Editor. use tlic manure collocteil in the prcccuing fall and winter; ot,her«i,e for a covering to defend the manure from evaporation, and the scorching of the sun. Late in the summer these materials should bo well mixed by the plough, which would oqual- i;'.e the fermentation, and much improve the whole. But this should not be done unless another cover- ing can soon be afforded, as the loss from the es- cape of elastic fliiiHs, would be greater than the benefits residting 'Vom the operation. When the mmure is thinly spread at the outer edges of the yard, it may be well, during summer months, to S(;rape it towards the centre or thicker parts. As the quantity and richness of the manure, de- pend much on its mixture with the excrements of the cattle ; no farme:, attentive to his interest will suffer them while fed from tliC barn to go at large, or out of the yard for water. By confining the cattle to the yard at .such seasons, he would save enough in two years, in ordinary circumstances, to procure water for them by aqueducts, or well and pump. Pew fanners correctly e.stimate the value of irine as a manure. To ptrservc the cattle -'ry, they make jjoles through the :ioor of the is, ■:■.;, to drain off tlie liquid excreMieuts, N>i o ■ ' question the importince of keeping cr.tile ..r - - but this may be effected w ithout so great a sacri- fice. Perhaps the best constructed leantos are those whicli have cellars under them,.i;'to which are thrown dung, litier, &.c. Here notiiing is lost, but with a niO('erate degree of heat, undue fer- mont.-ition is picvented; and the manure is not bleached by rai.is nor carried away by evapora- tion. Where the situation will not admit of this plan, some provii'ent farmers raise the fl..ors, and throw beneath them loam or some absorbent ma- terials, h hich will receive and retain the liquid matter, that may escape tlirou«h the cracks and fissures. Gut, as the situation in one case and negligence or want of time in the other, may pre- vent either from being adopted, it would be a good improvement to construct the floors impervious to the urine, and sufficienlly descending to carry it from the cattle. By these means they would be kept dry and warm, and the dung thrown from the leantos would be of a superior quality. But such manure contains so much soluble matter that it is peculiarly exposed to loss, if suflTered to remain long uncovered at the barn windows. This might be prevented by building cheap sheds over the heaps. Oiving to the greater care, that horses be kept clean and warm, less error prevails in con- structing their stables. More litter is incorporat- ed with their dung, which gives to it an addition- al absorbing quality. But a great error prevails in the management of this dung, in permitting it to remain too long in heaps beside the stalls. In this situation, excessive fermentation takes place and it becomes scorched, or what is called in the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. /ce/nnge*/. the ffreatest obstacle to the rotting of dung, that can be expe- rienced. But the greatest loss is not from 'his charred state, but from the gaseous escape of the fertili.ing particles. It thus loses perhaps one half its value. The farmer has it in his power, to prevent this lo.=!8, with but little trouble ; by spreading it on the yard 82 NEW ENGLAND FAilMER. Oct. G, 1893. with the more moist and less fermentiible dung ofi the cattle. lie will thus improve the quality of both. At large r.tables, where horses only are kept, the dung should be often removed, or the heaps enclosed in a yard for swine. The hog-sl;/e with a yard, is a prolific source of manure. It is tlie observing and industrious farmCT's manure fac- tory in which, his busy labourers will earn their bread if supplied with the raw malerinls. In esti- mating his profits from the swine, he will add to their amount of pork the labour they perform in fui-nishing manure for the farm. Much that is put into the yard, will require more moisture than tA natural soil, in some situations, will afl^ord. Tfie sink by proper ducts, when situations permit, would supply the requisite quantity of water, and niuch richness to the manure. If the sink water is not wanted, or cannot be used for this purpose, it should be conveyed to the kitchen garden. It would sufficiently enrich ground enough, to pro- duce the garden vegetables for the family. When the subsoil of the hog yard is not linrd clay or gravel, some provident farmers lay a flooring of timber or stone. Into this yard he wilf first haul a quantity of loam, sods, &c. After these, straw, cobs, brakes, briers, garden weeds, Canada this- tles, and field vines, particularly those of the po lato, will be thrown in, at their proper season. — The potato vines should be thrown into heaps, when they are pulled, to be carted to the manure yard, when they arc prepared for them. Thistles and other weeds should be gathered before they become seeded, as their seeds are not destroyed by slight fermentation. As green succulent seeds readily ferment, occasioual additions of absorbing materials should be added to retain their volatile and soluble parts. These may in part be furnished from scrapings around the house and yards, of dirt, old shoes, " hair, rags, and feathers." Thus two objects will be gained, cleanliness and substantial profit. It is an almost universal practice uitli our farmers, to cart their pomace tp some spot by the side of the road, tfiere to remain for years where its supposed deleterious qualities may do no harm to the soil. The pomace contains a considerable quantity of ■saccharine matter, nolwithstanding the operations of the mill on it. This is a rich food of plants, and a constituent of most vegetables. By fermenta- tion, it produces acetous acid ; so do other veire- table substances in greater or less proportion. The straw necessarily mixed with it increases its value. It is said as an evidence against its use, that it destroys vegetation where it lies. So do less quantities of ashes, dung, urine, &c. But the apple seeds germinate on the heap, and would grow thrifty if earthy matter were mi.xed with the pomace. It might be made into valuable manure by incorporating it with compost materials, or, which perhaps would be better, it might be thrown into the hog-yard. As putrefactive fermentation takes place slowly in pomace, lime or ashes should always be added to it, when put into a compost heap. The dung of fowls is a rich manure. For its fermentable qualities, it is used by tanners in the preporjtion of hides in the process of tanning. It is therrtforo a valuable addition to coarse and un- fernientable munuro. While the farmer pays proper regard to cie.^nliness in his barns, he should not bp. un.T!in! LA ^ D FA \iyi I] K. 88 r raiiic. iiosli I'.ister, ami experk'nccj no in- whatover. lie two past years I kept tatting cows and oxen II oriharil, where they coiilJ be full feil vvitli and with obviously good efferts. J have !r known cattle fat faster on grass and pump- er raw potatoes, than niii'e have on apples. » must bo taken not to turn tbem in hungry St, as they will certainly eat to excess and re themselves ; and if they have not a full sup- there may be danger, when tliere is abun c of apples beaten oft' by storms ; but a little will pri'vent such an injury, have never had a creature choked by them, I believe there is very little danger, when the itures have liberty and are accustomed to feed 1 them. pples are worth nothing at all to make into r, unless it be worth over fifty cents per bar- and if you liave to hire your labor, you may ell let them rot under the tree, as make them cider. I consider my apples under the tree li more for my creatures, than the cider would for, if made up for me for nothing. I make jtimate in this way ; I call potatoes u-orth for e rijL cents per bushel, and apples half price, e bushels of apples, the average quantity for a el, at 6^ cents will be 58 cents, or eight cents e than your cid?r will sell for. And I believe les are worth more than half the price of pota- „ and am confident, that when cattle are full on each, that they would fat faster on apples . on potatoes. appears by our agricultural publications that y farmers at the south are making use of ap- as food for farm stock. The number who are or them here as food for hogs, both in the fall winter, is increasirg. I know of several aers, who fed their hogs on apples through the part of last winter, and are fully satisfied of utility of the practice. s our fodder this winter will be deficient, I k it important, that those who hi.ve orchards, ead of wasting their time in making a useless ntity of cider, and ciiler brandy, should lay up r late apples to feed their hogs and other stock inter. would also recommend to farmers to save their ice. A load of pumice is worth as much as a of pumpkins. I have given it to young cattle to sheep in the fall, and in one instance I 3d a load for my sheep in winter, which they with great greediness and good eflect. gentleman informed me that he first discovcr- :he ' orth of pumice, as a food for neat cattle, the following fact. He owned a cider mill, im- ^ii.ielv upon the road side, anil the pumice was V, n into the street. When he began to make r. early in the autumn, there were a number pn.n, half-starved cattle running in tlie road, t came d;iily and ate his pumice ; and tiioiigh re was at that season very little grass in the vet these rattle, only by eating pumice, be- le. before winter, very good lieef. am too V ell acquainted with the fi.ved prejudi- of mankind, to suppose tUiit msny will believe It I have written. If only one farmer in ■> hun-' d slio-ild be induced to make the experiment, expectations would be fully answered. AGRICOLA. preliminary remarks by Dt Adams, President, con- gratulating the Society on its liappy meeting and their progress in promoting tlio important objects of Us institution. S.;K. Livermore.Ksq. of Milford, then delivered the annual addrnss ; after which, the reports of the awarding commiteea were read. ('.•luiiui of farmers who own large orchards, espe- ciallv tl'is season, when food for cattle is scarce. ^oiii.' practical cultivators, however, huvo sug- j-istcd to ns that sour app'es set their cattle's tccl!^ on edge, and render them less capable of masticating other food. Mr Preston ol" Penn. in- forms u.^. (.see N. K. Farmer, vol. i. page lUl) that j The report of the viewing committeeon Farms and in a visit to a Oerman orchar list, his horse was | Crops was higlily interesting. More than 100 supplied with a baiting of iu'fd apples, apparently 1 farms, crops, &c. were entered for competition, as a matter of course, or something to which his j on which 3(> premiums were awarded, entertainer had been accustomed. Sweet apples! Considerable accessions have b:'en made to the are no doubt much more valuable for cattle food | Society, and the following elections were made than sour, as saccharine matter is a substance, for the ensuing year : which contains mure uourisliment than pny other. With regard to pomace we are informed that it was made use of tor winter food for cattle, by tlie late CJen. E. H. Dfrby. He probably dried and housed it as he would other forage. But, if it is intended for that purpose, care should be taken to dry and house it before it has been drenched by rains, and not suft'er it to lie in such heaps as to cause fermentation, as it would be thus deprived of most of its value. From the J^ew Hanipxhire Statesman. S.vMUF.L S.iiiTii, Peterborough, Pce.MW(;n/. Benj. Poole, Hollis, \ Vir.e Robert M'Gaw, Merrimack, ] Presidenlt Alfred Foster, Be Ifori, Secretary. Aaron F. Sawyer, .t/<. Vernon Treasurer. Daniel Fuller, Francestown Stephen Peabody, Milford, Isaac Kimball, Mason, Russell Tuhbs, Deering, Joseph Pliiibrick, If'eare, Oliver Whiting, ffilion, Executive Committee BEES. HILLSBOROUGH CATTLE SHOW. ' The cruel system of smothering bees may now be The Agricultural Society of this County held ! totally dispensed with by a plan recently adopted its eighth anniversary on Wednesday of last week - with complete success : it is called " drivino-," and at Wilton ; and at the same time the Cattle Siiow 'is easily accomplished : thus — At dusk, place a and Exhibition of Manufactures were attended ' metal pot where the old hive stands ; have a new The Ploughing Match, Public Address, and the , '"^e prepared, with cross sticks, and cream and su- awarding of Premiums, was also attended to on j gar smeared inside; invert the old hive into the that and the foUov.ing day. There was a hand- pot, quickly place the new one over it; tie a cloth some display of live stock, among which the young I round the meeting of both hives, so as to prevent cattle especially indicated the continued exertions [any of the bees escaping ; then keep striking the of our farmers to nnprove their breeds. The neat bottom of the metal pot, with an iron instrument. stock of Mr Oliver Whiting of Wilton, consistin of til head, excited particular attention, among which were 44 milch cows, kept on one farm, and entirely devoted to the cheese dairy. Of sixty yoke of workmg cattle which were exhibited, ten yoke only were oftered for premiums. Various tri> Is of strength and agility upon the drag, and the plough, were exhibited. Among those who appeared in the command of teams was noticed the venerable Mr Tohie of Wcare, now nearly eighty and in less than ten minutes all the bees will be driven by the sound from the old to the new hive ; then untie the cloth, and lift the new hive to the place where the old one stood, at the same time quickly covering the honey hive with a wliite cloth to prevent any of the bees returning to it. In the morning, lift a corner of the cloth so as to make a small aperture to let out any of the bees that should remain, and by striking the "pot as before, they will instantly depart, and join their compan- years of age, with all the activity and energy of , ions in the new settlement. It may be necessary the prime of life, and who has never, we under- [ to feed the bees well for a few days with suo-ar, stand, since the institution of the Society, failed of j and they will proceed to work immediately after. attending its exhibitions. His example is truly praiseworthy, and merits the imitation of the younger farmers. To his team, driven by himself, v\a3 awarded the first premium in the Ploughing match London paper. PRODUCTIVE LAND. The Philadelphia Democratic Press states, that a gentleman in the vicifiity of that city has this The' exhibition of manufactures atid works of ' y'^^' .'^f f""' ^f ','""? ''"'/ ''" """^ """"J"' fancy, althougli not equal in some respects to those ^'^'""^ ^T-' ^'^'° , """ ''' \ ''"'^ "'""^^ ^''"°"' °*" 01 tor me r years, was excellent, and manifested ; wine ; and from the same land has sold twelve desire not only to keep up a show, hut what is '"""dred pounds of grapes, besides what have been much better, to enjoy the benefit of substantial fab- "'.^'^ '"J'f ^^'""'y ''"'* "?/''' °" ^^"^ ^'"«^- ^lie . The Ladies are especially entitled to praise i P""'' °^ """ f^^T " "' "■'' *" '^^""'y-"^« this part of the exhibition-" to show well, and '^'="/' =' P°""'^- Averaging the grapes at twc:ve 0 well, is alwavs their characteristic." Scv- : f"'' '', ''''','^ ''^"''' '""^ ^^^ "'"*' ^' ''^° """''^'■^ '■" Sei- nes for thi to d eral pieces of Carpeting of superior manufacture '°". tj""^ 'f^s than half an acre of land has pro- „„j 1 .;<•..! ._i _'_ .1 . ___ ,, . , ., duced, at least, SIX hundred and seventy dollars this year. — Con. Courant. and beautiful colour, were shown; excellent hearth rugs, elegantly worked with fanciful figures, fit for the parlour of a " republican nabob ;"° dressed ] An Apple has been left at the oftice of this Ga- woolen cloths of excell3nt fabric ; beautiful flan- Utte, of fourteen inches in circumference, and nels, fine as silk ; fine linen, and a variety of oth- : twenty-one and a half ounces weight. It comes er articles. On Thursday the Society formed in procession Remarks hy the Editor of the JV. E. Fanner. — ' le foregoing appears to us highly worthy the at- 1 ers were offered by the Rev. Mr Beede ; a few from Evesham, N. J. The abundance and si:>e of the fruit, this year, in that state, Delaware and and proceeded to the meeting bouse where pray- Pennsylvania, must strike every traveller. [Phil. N. Gaz.] 84 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 6, 18%. From the Trenton Emporium. ESSAYS ON THE HORSE. In my own immediate neighborhood I liave suc- ceeded satisfactorily in showing the advantages of a " blood Horse," in beauty, vigor, strength, and above all in endurance. In the power I mean, to support for the greatest length of time, the se- verest labour and fatigue without injury. So that now though common horses still continue among us, yet few or none without some mixture of rac- ing blood are raised here. I allow it is not expe- rience of their better qualities alone, which has- tened to this result. Groat aid has been derived from certain facts '^ which are within every man's knowledge. Farm- j €rs are like Lawyers, and Doctors, and Printers, ; and stronger and more durable conviction is pro- j duced by a single fact which speuks to the Pocket, than by a hundred well written and finely spun speculations. For instance, one of my neighbors has sold a three year old colt for si.\ hundred dollars in casu, a sum exceeding all that he could expect to re- ceive from the produce of his farm otherwise. — Another has disposed of a two year old for up- wards of four hundred dollars, and the blood colts generally are worti] from one hundred and fifty to three hundred dollars. — A gentleman in a neigh- boring state has received more than nine thousand dollars for the produce of a single mare ; and an- other for services performed by his horse, upwards of thirty thousand dollars. — In addition to these facts, I may be allowed to say that in our own stale, in an a.'joining county, a famous horse of the beit blood in our country, has just closed a season, which will yield his owner very little short of three thousand five hundred dollars. These facts, and very many others like them ought to satisfy any practical farmer, that he should neve/ neglect an opportunity of improving the stock of his horses, and that if proper atten- tion be paid to tliem, they may become the most profitable part of his yearly produce — merino sheep, and Aldorney cows to the contrary not- withstanding. I have just seen an account of the sale of " blood horses," belonging to the estate of the late Mr Field of Virginia, who had taken great pains to select and rear from the best stock in that state. The sale took place on the first of September inst. and attracted very considerable attention ; one of the horses sold for three thousand f.re hundred dol- lars. Phillis a mare sold for one thnusimd .six hun- dred amljifit/ four dollars — a mare sixteen years old the dam of the two preceding, for twelve hun- dred andjive dollars — a filly of 12 months old, for three hundred nniffty-seven dollars, and one other filly only four months old for Jive hundred dollars ! The two latter were also out of the same mare, so that the dam herself, and her four colts produc- ed to the estate the large sum of seven thousand two hundred and sixteen Dollars .'.'.' A sum of money about equal to the rent of 1.5 or 20 of the best farms in our part of Jersey. I have said in a former number, that nature seems to have endowed the race horse with a life of longer duration than the common horse. In proof of the truth of this statement I could adduce the ages of very many of the celebrated horses, both in England and in tlie United States — I how- ever content myself with saying that Diomede Jived to the age of thirty-one years, and Sir Archy the most famous foal-getter of llie South is now twenty-two years old, and apparently possessed of all his strength and vigor. A PARMER. From Corani's Champion. OYSTER LANDS. Although natural oyster beds but rarely exist except when there are eddies forjned by the pe- culiar set of the tides, or some roughness at the bottom from rocks or stones to which the spawn may attach, yet by taking proper measures they may be created artificially, as has loiig since been proved in England. Oysters cast their spawn in the month of May, which somewhat resembles drops of melted tallow ; this floats about in the water until it comes in contact with some substance which arres's its prOj;res3, to which it injmediate- ly adheres, and in 48 liours after the shell is form- ed. Hence the great numbers of small oysters frequently found adherent to brush fences exten- ding into salt water, dock logs, &c. Now from these facts it is obvious, that by sticking down quantities of brush, or anchoring bodies of sap- lings with all their branches, at the proper season of the year, whenever the ground is suitablp for the growth of these shellfish, and at the proper time after the oyster has attained a s"ili!ble si^e, raising this dredge, and scraping them oh' into tlie water, beds may be founed much easier and cheaper than by raising them from the natural beds and replanting them. In thi.^ way their cul- tivation mi Jht be extended in New-Jersey almost indefinitely, where proper legislative encourage- ment and protection afforded, and to the most in- calculable benefit of her citizens. But as the plan is new in our country (although well understood in some parts of Europe) as it was not practised by our ancestors, I shall probably only incur the ridi culeofour Solomons for proposing it. and will therefore, for the present, say no more on the sub- ject. PONTICO. SUCCESS OF CORN IN DRILLS. I The best crop of Indian corn we have ever kno'vn in this section of New-England was raised, this year, by Capt. Benjamin Wyatt of this town. — The corn is still on the cob, of course the exact amount |jer acre cannot be ascertained ; but from such data as has been taken we feel safe in rating it between !iO and 100 bushels. The land was us- ed for corn last year. Before iilantiug tliis year it was well ploughed and manured. The dressing was spread upon the ground. The corn was in drills 4 feet apart, and t!ie stalks from 4 to C inch- es fromeach other. Before harvesling, a measure of four feet upon a row would include, on an av- I crage, 10 good ears. This fact will at once show the advantage of planting in drills. No person would expect ten ears upon a hill, even were they four feet asunder. We have observed that almost all the success- ' ful competitors for premiums on crops of Indian j corn, have planted it in drills, yet we seldom sec a ' field thus laid out. Why this is so we know not. It is stated that the expense of cultivating is about equal in the two methods. Its being in rows must give the corn a much better opportunity to draw support from the earth ; and it seems fair to con- clude the ground will be left in a much more uni- form state. Another year we hope to see the two methods fairly tested. [Penobscot Gaz.] VALJ We were mu \ijLE IMPROVEMENT. ;h gratified last week in having: V«L* opportunity of witnessing a newly invented thre^ ' ing macliine, put in operation by water power, J ' '^ the farm of Mr GilbBrt Waring, in this town, The machinery is simple and economical whole e:;pense not exceeding 25 or 30 doUarsj Water or horse power can be applied with perl ease ; and from what we observed, we hav< doubt that a man and horse would be enablei thresh with one of these machines from 80 to bushels per day. The one in operation at Waring's is of the smallest kind ; but it thresl with a small head of water, three sheaves per vi utc. On ex.-iQiining the straw, we were unabl find any kernels remaining, though the wheat quite damp and unmerchantable. — Saratoga Si HOME-MADE WINE. Last week we were presented with a glass wine from the vineyard of Col. Carr, who was merly in the United States service at Trenton, jit was made at his vineyard, near Gray's Fe ! Philadelphia, of the Powel Grape. This wine a fine rich colour, nnd is very pleasant to the ta: The Povvel Grape is said to be a native of country ,and therefore stands the climate muchbi ter than the imported Grapes. — It is also eX' lent as a table fruit, and withal is said to be a g bearer. With these advantages, it may be si posed, that ere long the Powel Grape will be tensively cultivated — and if capable of producii as good wine as Col. Carr has succeeded in mak- ing, it may perhaps drive from common i.^e tliose perjiicious distilled liquors which have proven to be so great an evil in the land. [Trenton Federalisl] FIRE PROOF CEMENT. The French cement for the roofs of houses, te preserve the wood, and protect it from fire, is made in the following manner : Take as much lime u is usual in making a pailful of whitewash, and let it be mixed in the pail nearly full of water; in tbk put 2i lbs. of brown sugar, and 3 lbs. fine salt; mix them well together, and the cement is co». pleted. A little lampblack, yellow ochr,-:, or other colouring commodity, maybe introduced to change the colour of the cement, to please the fancy of those who use it. It has been used with great su* cess, and been .-ecommended particularly as a pr* tection against fire. Small sparks of fire, tliat fre- quently lodge on the roofs of houses, are prevent- ed by this cement from burning the shingles. [Charleston (S. C.) Courier. SHAGBARK WALNUTS, OR HICKORY J NUTS. « Now is the time, as we are informed, to gatbW them, and a short article on this subject may not be amiss, for the best Sliagbarks in this country, if not in the world, are to be found on Connecticut river, and they were never known to be more abun- dant nor of better appearance than they are th» fall. The reason why they are usually gathered toB late is to save trouble, and the reason why they should be gathered 7tow is that their flavour, as well as the whiteness that distinguishes a good walnut from a poor one will be preserved. After a frost the nuts are usually shaken off" or jarred off" bf blows with an axe or beetle — and the shuck as it is called comes off", of itself. Now it is nece.ssary to knock them off" witli a pole. Then if they are spread in some dry place,the shucks will separate a» Vol. V No. 11. NKW ENGLAND FAUMER. 85 :iliiLai.< riijo.i !i:rl tliero Aill be no mure troii- ■ .'Kiut lliPMi. (t'suffereil 10 romuin on the tree the shucks be^iiii to opon, tlio rain ^ets in, Io'irs the shell, penelrii.cs to the meat unJ spoils iiv.t for iiiLirkot or tbi use — t>vo totally distinct iijjs as so.iie of our neij^libours well know. [Con. Mir.] hoiliny Wiitor; when dissolved, add ;i lbs. of pearl- fandly and I'ricnds, at his manor on JOlkridi'e. I( ash, and stir the mixture well with a stick iinril the was highly gralifyinfr to see the last surviving eiVervescence cease; then add a quarter of :^ lb. of I signer of the Declaration of Independence passin-r pulverised yellow arsenic, and stir the whole to- I into his ninditth year, still exhibiting so perfect a gether. Lay it on with a paint brush, and if the | model of elegant manners, such a happy c.'vample wall has not been painted before, two or even three j of cheerfulness and intellectual refinement, erect coats will be requisite. To paint a common sied | and sprightly as any of the party, left as it would room of this colour, will not cost more than six ! seem by Providence, to inculcate by their visible dollars. If a pea-green is required, put in less, if fruits the inestimable value of temperance " an apple-green, more of the yellow arsenic. | cleanliness, regularity in diet and bodily and relig- [N. H. Statesman.] ious exercises, and a wise government of all the SHOW j grosser passions, lie pUinged into his limestone m, , h ,-,'', ;;,■ ,„. . spriny bath every morninij before sunrise, and still The annual Meeting, Cattle bhow and Fair ot „des on horseback with pleasure in good weather. the .Sirailord Agricultural Society, will be held in a large portion of the day is devoted to reading. th.sto.^non Wednesday and 1 hursday, the 18th Having received at St. Omars, the best classical and l!)tii inst. An Address will be delivered be- iNi-.\V MILL. iVe have seen a mill constructed on a new prin- le, by Messrs. Harris iSi Wilson, of this city, icli nill doubtless prove iiigtily advantageous, e especially in that part of our country where or privileges are scarce. It is called the '-Per- idicular Grain Mill,' and may be worked by am, iiorse or water power. The one which we wed is in the stone mill of Gen. Stephen Van | u.r, ,™i insi. nn /luuress win De aeiivereu oe- education, he has always retained his partiality for nssehier. near his mansion house, and executes I fore the Society by James Barllett, Esq. of this Latin and French literature. TAm. Farmer.l rk with great facility. It occupies but a small town, on Wednesday the 18tli. [Ports. Jour.] e, and though the stones are but '27 inches di- nd re(iuire only a one horse power, it will I NEW YORK, Sept. 11. — The Evening Post iter, and re(]uire only a one horse power, it will ud four beshels of wlicat per hour with ease, j ^~t»tf'^"iat the workmen employed by the^Manhat produces excellent fiour. Th"; stones, instea Staunton, Va. Sept. 92. Singular Circumstance. — Tt has been remarked eing placed hori/ontally. are fixed in a perpen- ular position, and are brought in closer contact eparaie'i at pleasure by means of a screw. — 3y perform 250 evolutions in a minute. The ■hinery is simple anil cheap in its construction, we should say, not liable to get out of repair, s mill is adapted to all the uses of the com- 1 grist mill, and has been found to be excellent rinding paints in oil. [Albany D. Adv.] CATTLE SHOW AND FAIR, 'his interesting exhibition, the p.irticulars of ch will be found in llie advertisements, is to ; place on Monday and Tuesday the !Hh and 1 iiist. in the village of Pautucket. The in- jinents held out by the society in the (iromised r'l of preniiims, and the pride which the Farm- Manufacturers, and Arti/ans of Rhode Island ■encrally feel on the subject, will insure a dis- worlhy the association, and of the state, to advancement of whose domestic and agriciil- 1 interests, that association has so efficiently ributed. The Ad'""'• ""'"''''l^ently take lessons of du- near Bond street, have already penetrated to a 'y even from a brute. Tlie following singular cir- depth of 240 feet, which is more than one hundred ^umstance, which we have from good authority, feet below the East or Hudson river. The result P''"''^^ ""^ observation in bold and striking relief. has been favourable, and water of the purest and ' Mr John McCue, of this county, had a number of softest kind has been obtained. It is intended, horses in one of his pasture-fields lately, where, however, to proceed to a still greater depth, and i owing to the long drought, there was no water ; — to strike upon a fountain, which shall raise the jH , ''"d, for accommodation in this respect, he opened to a considerable height above the surface. i a communication into a field on the opposite side j of his lano.and thence through several fences down HINTS TO FARMERS. ; to a permanent stream. While turning out the The Rt. Hon. Jno. Sinclair, in addressing Eng- horses one day, as was usual, for the purpose of lish Farmers, on " the means of alleviating the watering them, it was observed that a horse which distresses which are likely to result from the unfa- had gone blind shortly before, missed his way, and vourable season, gives the following advice : — strayed a considerable distance up the lane, while Wlien oats and barley are very short in the straw, the other horses passed on to the water, and re- they should be reaped with a short scythe,as stubble turned to the place where they had entered the will be much wanted for cattle. The second crop outer field. An old horse, who had been thecom- of clover, if it contains much sap, should be placed panion of the poor blind wanderer, seeing his pre- in alternate layers with straw, which will dry it, dicament, went to him — conducted him gently and at the same time the value of the straw is down to the water, and back to the place where doubled. The mixture should also be salted. — the others were feeding. The whole of the hor- Weeds, dry leaves, fern, river sand, &c. may be ses then moved across the lane into the field from added to manure. Winter turnips should be sow- whence they came — it being the best pasture, ed broad cast for cattle. Linseed and oil cake who is not struck with this instance of social are recommended, which may be procured from feeling and attachment in a brute? And what a the Continent of America. The probability of a reproach does it cast upon the ioo common conduct scarcity of hay is so great, that a large Scotch of earth's proud lord; towards his fellow-man, un- Farmer proposes to import it from Holland. Kelp, jer similar circumstances .' Not unfrequently, the oil and fish are recommended for manure, and companion of his youth— the friend who had shar- the farmers are earnestly called upon by the wri- ed his substance liberally with him in the days of ter, to take measures to prevent the evil conse- 1,;^ p.^gperity—is left, under a change of fortune, quences likely to result in many parts of the king- • ,y,,en >< clouds and darkness come upon him," to dom, fnun " the uncommon heat and dryness of , ^^ope his way, silently and alone, through suffer- the season ; the scarcity of grass, the diminished . i^gg .yi,;,), there are none to pity— none to as- quantity ot hay, the failure ni the crop of turnips, Lu,.,„e— with no hope in life— and no friend but and the certain deficiency of straw." i death.— Sjoccfatoi-. We think the plan and style of this letter might be recommended as a useful model in this country. _ , , ,. , , ^ , tr;„ , I ■ , . f „ f i- • » 11- Perhaps a better season, lor the growth of In- iimelv hints to our farmers, from men of intelli- ,. '^ , , /. • , - ,,.■•,, , dian corn, was never Known, than tarmers in this gence, experience and observation in agricultural , ,. ■ , m, .. K- . r A -1. 1 £<■.■■ 1 . u quarter have this year enioyed. 1 he ears are subjects, or from Agricultural Societies, might be L' „ ,, , , m, , „■ , , , ■., 1 1 " 1 laro-e, full and sound. The weather has been as circulated every season with as much advantage - , , ,. • . . „ , . . ■ „. ■ 17 1 1 ri\' V n 1 A J T favourable tor ripening as it was for bringing it here as in England. \!s. \. Daily Adv.] . , ,^ ^.. X , " , ■ j » i ' ■■ forward. Until the 15th we had not even a cool night. On the night of the IGth the air was a little frosty ; but not so much so as to do any dam- age. The potatoes have not fared so well as the corn. An extensive and heavy rust prevented their coming to maturity in the most favorable manner ; yet the crop will be very good. Vines have yielded bountifully. [Bangor Gaz.] Mr Carroll. — There are more than one hundred deer on the Harewood estate, from which the best buck is always selected as an annual offering to the venerable Carroll of Carrollton, on his birth- day. The last of these recurred on Wednesday last the 20th instant, when in fine health and spirits he received the heartfelt gratulations of his S6 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. fi, 1826. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCT. 6, 1826. all St. Boston, were on MoniUiy evening. SOBSTANTIAI, COMPLIMENT. We beg leave to proffer our most grateful ac- knowledgments to the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry, for the efficient testhnony of their approbation which they have manifested in the following vote. Our ut- most efforts sliall not be wanting to justify the fa- vourable opinion which their deeds as well as words have expressed of the .Wew England Far- mer. " At a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry — " Voted, That Mess. Wm. Rhodes and Thomas BuFFUM be a Committee to procure 1.50 copies of the fifth volume of the New England Farmer, — the same being for the use of the members of the Society." FRUIT TREES. When farmers raise their own fruit trees from the seed (as they will in time if they rightly com- prehend their own interest) it is never worth while to graft them in the nursery. Let them grow till you can ascertain what sort of fruit they will nat- urally produce. The famous Baldwin, or Pecker apple was a come-by-chance. Had the original tree been cut off and grafted near the ground, ac- cording to the usual proceeding in nurseries, the public could never have been benefitted by that valuable fruit. Mr Upham of Newton, gave us an apple whicli grew on a tree spontaneously produc- ed on his premises, which has as fine a flavour as any apple we have tasted tliis season. An e.\peri- enced nursery man assures us that the best way to manage with apple seeds intended for sowing is to keep them in the fruit throiigli the winter, and sow them in the spring. STAGGERS IN SWINE. A friend of the Editor, who is an experienced agriculturist, says that he is of opinion that the staggers in swine are sometimes, if not always, the consequence of feeding them with swill, in which salt-petre is a constituent part. That he has had several hogs which slackened, and some of them died, with that disorder, the origin of whose j gj^^^^^ ^^^^ Exhibition of said Society, will be hoi distemper could be traced to a certam time and ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^ village of Pawtuxet. on Monday the i»th, occasion, in which they were fed with the liquor in which a ham cured with salt-petre had been in the uoor-yaru of iVii .ior. Merchant's Coflee-House, Lini raised the present season, beans of a sort new to us, but which we are informed were originally from South America and are here called snake beans. One of the pods of these beans is 24 inch- es in lengtli — and many others lack but little of that length. — Mr Seth Bemis, of Watertown, Ms. has presented to us two apples, Rhode Island Greenings, one weighing ].5|, the other 15 ounces. From a melon vine, produced from one seed, in the garden of Dr. IJolbrook, on Milton Hill, were obtained three water melons, the whole weight of which was 8.3J pounds ; one melon weighing 23 pounds, a second 20, and the third 31 J pounds. A water melon which grew the present season in tlie Garden of R. H. Gardiner, Esq. of Gardi- ner, Maine, in circumference the smallest way was 38 inches, but measured lengthwise, it girted 44J inches, and weighed 31^ pounds. A single Squash Seed, accidentally dropped in the garden of Nath'l Southworth Esq. of Lyme, N. H. has produced, during the past season, by ac- curate measurement, 462 feet of vine, and the e- normous number of 600 squashes. Besides these, which are mostly full grown and fit for use, there still remain an abundance of smaller squashes, too inferior to notice, and too numerous to count. The Cucumber, an account of which was given in our paper of the 13th inst. now measures eight feet nine inches and a quarter. [Haverhill paper.] An English Turnip was raised this season in Concord by Mr. Farwell, which weighed 11 pounds, and measured -39 inches in circumference. CONCORD (mass.) CATTLE SHOW. We are informed that things are in a promising train for producing an excellent Cattle Show, &c. at Concord on the 11th inst. Among other oxiii-j bitions will be those of trials of strength and do- cility in oxen, in drawing loaded wagons. This we believe will be a novelty in the annals of the Middlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manufac- turers; and we advise Messrs Everybody,- & Co. to present themselves as spectators on the occa- sion. vlio keeps the Workin;,' 0.\en must be entered before 9 o'clod pit' The Ploughing Match will commence on Tue day morning, at 10 o'clock, and immediately ail the other trials of Working Oxen. The reports of the Viewing Committees mustj in readiness for the Standing Committee on Tue day at 12, M. precisely. At 2, P. M. on Tuesday, the premiums will declared in the Society's Hall, after which Auction sale of premium articles will take plad The owners of Working Oxen, or Cattle exh| ited in the yoke, will bring with them a chain each yoke, to secure them to posts which erected and appropriated for that purpose. , Marshals will be appointed, and will be undi oath, and charged with the execution of the rangements, and with the preservation of good i der on the occasion. JOHN B. FRANCISJj Sept. 28. Secreta Worcester Agricultural Society. QJ^The Trustees of this Society are remind! that a meeting of the Board stands adjourned j Tuesday, the 10th of October, 6 o'clock, P. M. the Probate Office. WILLIAM D. WHEELER, Rec. Sed Worcester, Oct. 2. 1826. (jTj^The Members of the Rhode-Island Society for the Encouragiment of Domestick Industry, are informed that the 7th Annual Meeting, Cattle boiled. We cannot say whether our friend is right as respects cither the prognostics or diag- nostics, (as medical men would say,) of this dis- ease. But we would suggest the thing as worth investigation, as it Felates to an animal, which among the more intelligent part of the farming community has more friends than admirers. The remedy for this disorder, ao far as we can learn, most approved of, is '• two table spoonfuls of castor oil, and cutting the end of the tail to make it bleed." See N. E. Farmer, vol. iii. page 396. AGRICULTURAL EXTRAS. Largest of Jill. — Major Benjumin T. Reed of Marblehead. has left in the office of the New Eng- land Farmer, an apple raised in that town, whicl weighs a little more than 24 ounces ! This apple is anonymous, an^i it is said that neither its origin or pedigree has been traced. The tree v/hich pro- ducc-'l it yields bountifully, and most of its apples weigh 16 or 16 ounces each. and Tuesday the 10th, of October. All entries for premiums (excepting working Oxen) at any time previous to Saturday, the 7th of October, must be made to the Secretaries of the Show, or directed to them and left at the Post-Oftice in Providence or Pawtuxet. All entries on Sat- urday, 7th, and after that day, are to be made to the Secretaries of the Show, who may be found at the Hall of the .Society, and no entries will be received after 9, A. M. on Monday. All manufactured articles must be deposited at the Fair House on Friday or Saturday. The General Meeting of the Society for the clioice of Officers will be holden on Monday pt 9, A. M. At 11, A. M. a procession will be formed, -ind proceed to tlie Meeting House, where an Address will be pronounced by Joseph L. Tillingiiasi', Esq. Tlie procession will be conducted from thence to Aborn's Hotel, where a dinner will be provided ; after dinner the several viewing Com- mittees will proceed to the duties assigned them. Bristol Agricultural Society. CJ^-The Cattle Show, Exhibition &c. of Bristol County Agricultural Society, will take place on Tuesday the 31st of October next, instead of tlie 24th, as heretofore notified, in consequence of some circumstances which the Society are un- able to control. per order, WM. A. F. SPROAT, Sec'i/.; Taunton, Sept. 25, 1826. Rail Road. — Massachusetts is about to enjoj the honor of putting into operation the first rail- road in this country. There is an immense ledge of beautiful granite in the town of Quincy, froiB which llie Bunker Hill Monument Association in- tend to draw the materials for the construction ot their monument. It was found that a railway from the quarry in Quincy to the water's edge, w be of great public advantage, and accordingly act of incorporation was procured, and the ri road commenced in May last. Its whole length is about three miles. It has a stone found^itioii, so as to resist the frost, and the top timbers are fa- ced with iron, on which the rail-read is laid. The whole road is nearly finished, ('ontracts for the delivery of the granite in Boston have already been made. The liberality and public spirit ofi company of the citizens of Boston have supplied the means for the formation of this valuable work. [National Journ d.] WHOOPING COUGH. It is said tliat a plaster of gum galbanum appli- ed to the breast, cures this complaint. The Vergcnnes, (Vt.) Cattle Show on the 22d ult. was well attended, some of the neat c-itfle were very superior. Ti.e articles of domestic inaD- ufacture, though not numerous, gave evidence of increasing skill and improvement. The raising of Mulberry trees in Pennsylvaiift, continues to receive attention. The Editor otw Press calciiUitcs tliat in leas than two years, thw will be 200 silk looms at work in Philadelphia. • Vol. V. — Xo.ll NEW ENGLAND FAUMEU. tt^aluiioU IJorsts uml Hulls of lutf/uiUd 6Vi.tA-, FOR SALE. rn'MIN the last thr.e yt-.us the Trn5tops of Ih. kacluisftts Society for pro • t, A:c. l.'unaiu Implies.— t)i, rouii.K.ti i, ,i of all I ', l>y ihe dozen, luinrtred, or ll.ousatid. on mod.r- i lernis.— Also the iHige Dutch While, and Kcd; — ,, , I Chanipamc ..nd the Black.— Kerf \^ Kite nnrf *S:ririiltiirf have r,.,,„,.i, I, ',.,,,,, ^ " '" "< " ""f and -^ - I "-imasU Hose t.iibhe.«.— henna, Gniii Acar a, Kn-'lish 87 :J— I'atei.t Office 1— History of Democracy in the United States •> — Constitution of (Jolumlda C— Dr. Webster's Mauutl of Chemistry 7— Flint's Valley of the IVIississippi 8— Works of Mrs Barbauld 9— Claims on France 10— Judge Johnson and Count Pulaski 11— Sketch of theUnjted Stales by a llussian 12— Crituai, Notices— Hunter's Oration— Kil- eej liom i:n?lan. I several Very' vafuable Animals, l„r,,„., t!„^ ,„,i in •. . , ., , .1 to the.n by the public spirited British Adn.i ' I j;^' ''' '" „ h ■ "I"'' .^iVI''^*^'""'' ^'=- ir Isaac Coffin, and 3lso his brother General John „„ ' .^T'JL^ '■''" '"^ "'''". °' '^°^'"" '""" '° «»^- natives of Massachuselts. with the sole object ' h,. IW . i.T , '","," .'"''■'^,'" "'^' '"cssant praise, proving the breeds of thi. Stale. And the Trus- i e ie Jh lb tb"v !'X T '"'"! '"''^"' '"'"'- i believing that their generous intentions would he ! d '/finn ,„ '' In^ ^ ""," .^'•^,''"^«':,<' '" ^ wrong 12-Cr.tu extensively realized, if owned as p.ivale property, f or i '^a^/e. ab urd''mavi™ H ^'n"'" '^'^"■'- !'•?""''' Gazetteer of Ohio-Tho Harvest Festival- by any method Ih.y have been-able to devise as be Jno a" t at ceslf r.r;M n" '"^ ''""°' ^'hrondogical History of New Kngland-l'rinciples of ,lK hody-have resol.ed to dispose of them at robbed of hVr,' M ?f -^u'' ""?!'' not to be Political Kconomy- Hale's M:»,, of New KnXd- ic U,c.io„ at their next Cattle S.,o,v at Brighton ittoii^u/T^^ Imlian's Address to the e KUhd.ay of O, tober next, under the positive fWe".^ ^''^kee "!aetv "";"''",' ^'^'^ ^""''■- "''"'"-^)^^i-"-S(rictnres on Livingston's System of ;.,,W their being always kept within the State, e Subscribers being appointed a Committee for ' I^'^k •,:':;," ''''"'^'' P^'-'^"^'^^^ to trees from North- 1 Ind - "^ ''"' """^ Publ.cat.on jurpose, will receive proposals for private sale,! nrH./.'','^^ro„ oj . i c ,.r t- . , ud day, and give every information relating to the R "hton ,os. 1; , ^^ ^n'""'^ ""'' ''"' ^' o uie lii ighton post oIEce, or left at the office of Dana & . 1-The full blooded " Improved Durham Short trees"?v,Tl bel'^T''' ","' ^'/"'/ ?"^'"''''' <° ^ ^"'' M" Bull .3rfm/™/-was raised by the celebrated JZJ^ n Th , \" 7, '"?""^°'" '^''^^'"S wher Wilherill, England-is the " grandson on both ' " me l' „ .'' ' S"" '"""" !.''""'<' =''«'-''3'« ^P'".^ Df Comet (of which testimony c5u be exhibited.) fj^^ ^= ?' to .ecene and pay for them. On Satur- et a beautiful Roan colour, was 5 years old last 11'' ^''r """ *" delivered in Boston free of is perfectly gentle, and is presumed to be equal I ^iTltVTr''''""- • Bull of this most celebrated breed ever imported ',„,/,'r^*'"»' °ne year's growth is frequently . country, h.aving cost in KnHand One Hundred '.''." '"^ "'^" "^PP*^" *" survive, by an unreasonable L, .",'" "^""""•"5^* ""■ auenuing Hospital practice at wenty Guineas. This breed are presumed to ar- , '™'""''°" "^'^e rools, therefore special care shall be f'"= '"s"'""™, are considered equal to tho^e afforded ,t maturity for the stall much earli'er than any i '"" '"' "^^"' P'-<^s"''a'i°n. Sept. 15 j ■» a"y c'ty o^ the United States. Ct. .-^ept. 22. -and are generally great milkers. 2— The " Cleveland Bay" Horse Sir fsaac— is utiful dark bay with black mane, tail and legs, .nds high, was three years old last May, and has ly arrived at his prime, — This breed is consider- ^nglaud very superior for gentlemen's Carriage ;, and being always of the same colour are easily ed- and highly vaUnble for all Farming purpos- II crossed with the " thorough Blood"' make the ig and Saddle Horses. 3— The celebrated Horse " Columbus"— he is Medical School in Boston. THE LECTURES al the Massachusells Medical College, m BosTow,will commence on the third Wednes- day in November. Anat. and Surg, by Dr Warren. Chemistry, by Dr Gorham. Midwifery and Med. Jurisprud. by Dr Channino Materia Medica, by Dr Bigei.ow. Theory and Practic of Physic, by Dr Jackson. The advantages for attending Hospital practice at "prices of country produce. old-is of the English "Suffolk light Cart i ' . , .- — is of a beautiful dappie grey colour. He is a '^''' '''"" '' """' '"'"''> " 1°' more than half a centiiiy, h- of very great power, probably the strongest in '"' '^P'^red ncithf r paius nor expense, and such as did ■ ■ ■ ■ of ""' Pf-st'ss part.i,ul,»r merit have been rejected and their accuracy has been tested by the best authors of the a " WILLIAM PRli\CE.propri- torof this eslablishraent, offers the public the most exten ive eolleclion of Fruits, Orna mental Trees, and Plants in America. The I'ruits ha,. been selected by actual inves- ■ ation of their merits, and BEAN.S, white, ■ly all of which are engraft- BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, ed from bearing trees cargo, No 1, new, _^ In the seleclion, which has " No 2, new, ^ been the particular pursuit of| CUTTER, inspect. No. I. new -■iPPLESjbest, I A.SHES, pot, 1st sort, pearl do. - bush bbl. .te. His Colts are highly approved, and ore ow owned at Cambriilge at less than 4 years IS hequently drawn over one and a half Tons, ve of the wagon, from Boston to Can bridge. 4— The " Hereford Bull Sir Isaac." This Ani- is 3 years old last May— is dark red with white ■vas raised on the estate of a Baronet and mem- he Bri ish Parliament, and bv him recomuien.led of the best of the breed.— Th,-y have long been as first rate for Draught Oxen, and lor the and have at the most celebrated t attle '-hows in d for many years competed with rhe " Improved n Short Horns." They rank high also lor the Animal is now at Northampton and will be for the Hampshire Cattle Show in Octobtr next, he dii-ection of the President of that Society, igned) JOHN PRIMCE, } Commil- RICHARD SULLIVAN,^ iec. , 181h Aug. 182G. Kenrich JVursery. FRUIT A,\D KORE'^T "trees for sale ^ as usual near the Brighton Post Olfire.— _^ The Nursery contains a good vari.lyof Eng- t rry Trees ; and of Pear trees, from which gen- who seasonably apply can obtain samples of of Mr Knight's new sorls, so highly recomniend- le Agricultural Journal. Also many thousaml- ed apple trees o' superior kinds, goid size, and I by all to be very thrifty and hanilsome. Sev- usand of budded Peach trees, consisting of a lollection of about 40 of the best sorls di-c^v ardens or the marki t ; the peach trees are from feel his-h, and the buyer has his choice at 30 CHEESE, new milk, skimmed milk, . . FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rve, best, v . . GRAIN, Rye Corn - - - - . Barley - - . . Oats - - ... HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new - HOPS, No 1, luspcction - - LIME, OIL, Ijirsseed, Phil, and Northern In the present catalogue he offers above 500 new va- rieties of Fruits not to be found in any other collection, in Ameiica, and which include the most celebrated kinds that have within a few years past been brought into notice and recommended by those distinguished Horticulturalists, Van Mons & Duqiresene, and by .Mr Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of Lon- don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the Fruits sent from this establishment, the proprietor refers to i ^-ij, ■.■■uaeeu, ran. anci nortn the Hon Jonathan Hunnewell, ?nd other gentlemen in PLAISTER PARIS retails at Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized his estab- PORK, Bone Middlings, new. lishmeut for Mie last fifty years, and particularly to lb fruit of the various kinds with which the Boston mar ket is now supplied from the extensive collection of trees furnished the late Dr Oliver Smith, Secretary of the Massachusetts Agrirultural Sociely, who, more than thirty years since, had several thousand trees an- nually, which were distributed among the members of that 'sBociation. It may per'haps be d'emed worthy of not ire that near 100 varieties of the fruits offered for sa'e, by the proprietor, are diffi rent from those culti- vated by other establishments under the same names, and the identity of every fruit sent by him, theproprii. tors expre ssly guarantees. lb. bush bbl FROM j TO D. C. 1 25 1 33 80 UOl 82 50 95 OOi S7 55 2 Ool 2 50 10 00 10 20 8 25I 8 55 6 00| 6 30 18 27 Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the subscriber-, and orders left with him. (if from a distance post paidj ill meet prompt attention. JOSEPH BRIDGE, Agent for the Proprietor, No. 25 Court-street, Boston. Sep. 29. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, h ; there are likewise plenty of Apricots and I , '^^'^ "^^^ P"''l'she'1 by Frederick T. Gray at No. 74 -s. I Washington stre.et, > p stairs, the North American Re- view, for October, 18S;6. Contents. 1_Army nfthr United States 2 — Materials for American History navy, mess Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - - - . . •WOOL, Merino, full bIood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native ... do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, Ist sort PROFlsrOJV MJIRKF.T. 1 00 80 3d "ized Ornamental tree?, the Flowering Cat- id Horse Che«nnt— the Mountain Ash— Weep- low— Silver Fir— Larch— Sugar maple— But- BEEI-', best pieces PORK, fresh, best pieces, " whole hogs, VEAL, MUTTON, .... ."nni.Tny, .... BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - Indian, do. - POTATOES. - . CIDER, liquor, (new) - 88 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 6, 1820. IKIISCSI.ZiAXTXX:S. THE LAKE OF THE DISMAL SWAMP. A young man at Norfolk, Virginia, became de- rano-ed in consequence of the death of the girl he loved, and suddenly, disappearing from his friends was never more heard of, and as he had frequently yet lie tlnuks hiniselt' one of the cleverest chaps in , The butchers at Avignon, in the South of France the lane, and laughs through all his stories as if have a curious process of skinning an ox : air i there was a spice of wit in them. He accosted thrown in under the skin by a pair of bellowi me to-day as I was going to dinner — and this is which air is then forced forward by beating tb an important business vvitli me, for I am an old inflated hide with clubs. (See N. E. Farmer, pag man, and my working days are nearly over. "Good 60, vol morning, uncle Oliver, I've a word to say to you" , Mr Ilavis, of Slough, has published the result! said in his ravings, that the girl was not dead, but | _uWell— 6c short, I'm called to dinner" — " Oh ^n experiment for ripening wall-fruit, by coverin had gone to the Dismal Swamp— it is supposed he ] yes, I'll be short," but egad before the fellow had the wall with black paint, which has completfll wandered into that dreary wilderness, and liad | explained tome how his pig had gotten into his succeeded, besides adding to the weight of gram died of hunger or bipsn lost in some of its dreadful (.ell.,], and overturned his milk pans, the pudding nearly two thirds. fEno-lish pa.l ° ° ._ i.:.u ; .„ ,i,„ ♦"■'"""""" was as cold as a stone, and worthy damo Dorothy almost uttered a complaint. Short speeches, short stories, short courtships — a wise man will always be short in these things. I never knew a sliort sermon that was not more lik- ed for it — a short story that had not tne more pith in It — or a short courtship that was not more for- tunate than a long one. I showed a lad, who had amp, morasses ; which gave occasion to the foUowin lines by Moore. Thf-y made her a grave too cold and damp For a soul so warm and true, And she's gone to the Lake of the Dismal S Where all night long by a fire-fly lamp She paddles her white cauoe. And her fire-6y lamp, 1 soon shall see, And her paddle I soon shall hear. Loving and long our life shall be And I'll hide the maid in a cypress tree. When the footstep of death is ni-ar. Away to the Dismal Swamp he speeds His path was rugged and sore. Through tangled juniper, beds of reeds Through many a fen where the serpent feeds, And man never trod before. And when on earth he sank to sleep. If slumber his eyelids knew. He lay where the deadly vine doth weep It's venomous tear, and nightly steep The flesh with blistering dew. Fruit and Ornamental Tru Shrubs, Sfc. STEPHEN K. IVIILI.H & C (late Prh.Cf & Mills) proprieU of the extensive Nursery at Flin ing, Long Island. near iVew Y« ofl"er thi ir very clioice and «t been running after his sweetheart two years, old coZ/pf/ionof Fruit Trees of all the various kinds towhi cousin Jeremiah's long purse, which measured they not only give their /^erjonni aWaiMon, but whi , ,,. , 1 u 1 u : ■ 1 • 4. .1 \\:-^f" '"^^y «' 1 hree liollars |k1 more time than two cows are worth, within six tered one the other dav. tlie quarters of whTch >"™' .''i'P''!'' '^ "''" ^"'' "'"'h'; y^ar-but those months, by this very species of ill manners-and | weighed upwards of L20 pounds-rough tallow, 27. i ^^t^uTe d t o a deduction oTrlft; Cents '^ \ -NEW ENGL A TV i> FA VOL. V V-' -^' "•' ■'^"ll'lii^:!!^lh!lJ^'ll^I'L^':^^ l.,M, all Mr.cn)._TH BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBEirj8~!826 . OIIIGINAL PAPERS. ESSAY ON MANURES, tented to the Cheshire, A". n..^gn,uUurcl Saci- etj. by LuKi; Momk, Esq.._/or which a pre- niittm ti\is awarded by said Society. (Concludcti from page 82.) wliat slate of fenncntalion, it is most profita- to put manure into the soil, or whether any be ossary in farm yard dung, has of late been h discus.seJ by scientific writers on a^rricul- Sir Humphrey Oavy has treated the subject much observation anil science. lie confirms theory by experiments of his own, and of the X enligiitened agriculturists. He thinks, the dung- of cattle, &c. needs no fermentation, iously to its application. | til as .he dung of cuttle and horses are unite;i j ;he yarri with "straw, oft'al, ciiaft' an J various Is of litter, a slight incipient fermentation, is oubtedly of use." But he says, " it is better there should be no fermentation at all, before ' iinnure is used, than that it should be carrieij I far." "During the violent fermentation ne-| Mry for reducing farm yard manure to the e in which it is called short muck; not only a re quantity of fluid but likewise a gaseous mat- is lost, so much so that the dung is reduced thirds in weight ; and the principal elastic ter disengaged is carbonic acid with some nonia ; and both these, if retained by the mois- in the soil as has been stated, are capable of Jining on useful food to plants." By e.vperi its he discovered tliat " soluble vegetable sub- nces passed in an unchanged state into the ta of plants," and that fermentation was only essary in the preparation of vegetable food to ■ der fibrous substances soluble. The practice our far.mcrs is opposed to this theory. Their ervations have been too limited in the use ot en or unfermented dung. In making similar of it as of the thoroughly fermented or short ck the eJFects for tlie first year, are in favour of latter. For, if recent dung of cattle be put the hill for Indian corn, its soluble and ritious parts are too concentrated, and the mass nearly impervious to nourish and extend the ical fibres of the plants. If this dung be mixed h straw, litter. &c. or horse dung, which is al- ys imperfectly digested, the process of fer- ntation will generate too much heat for the ten • fibres in some soils. But let the former or ?en dung be mixed with earthy matter and be t into tiie hill for Indian corn, and the latter or arse manure be spread, and ploughed into the .1 for the same crop, and also in the hill for po ;oes, it will then be discovered that the produce 11 be ptpially good the first year, and better pre red for future crops. In N. H. Ag. Repository is stated that " when green dung is laid upon : field and ploughed in, it is so dispersed, that ;an ferment but little, if any. It is said of un- mented dung, that its good effects will be felt iger than tho^o of fermented. This is probably le, for durirgthe first year after green dung laid upon the field it do°3 but little more than to pnpand for actual use." The superior eflfects green dung in the subsequent years, being con- No. 12. ceded ; tlie question between us, rests un its ef- fects the Jirsl year. But green dimg is -'prepared for actual use" tlio first year, liow is this cf.'ect- ed .' By what other process than fermentation ? It is well understood, that all that is necessary in this process is a due degree of heat, moisture, and oxygon (or atmospheric air.) Neitlier of these is wanting when the manure is ploughed into the soil. For \\ here>er tlicse obtain iti sufiictent quan- tity, to promote vegetation, decomposition w ill take place. The greater degree of heat in the manure heap, than in the manure in the soil, is generated by the process' of fermentation, but this must be- I gin witliout tlie agency of this generated heat, and i when once commenced, the same cause will con- I tinue it, as well in the latter, however small thn I quantity, as in the former. . The gradual manner j in wiiich this process will be carried on, will gen- erate a slight degree of heat favourable to the I germination of seeds, and will cause more of the I elastic matter disengaged to be absorbed by the I soil, afibrding a consti.nl supply of food to plants. I But let us resort to facts, for the effects of green dung tlie first year. Farmers universally prefei such fur potatoes. Wherever there is an unusual- ly large crop of Indian corn, we are generally told that a quantity o{ green mamtrewas ploughed into the field before planting, and old manure was put into the hill. I observed, in a field of Indian corn last year, a part of which was manured in the hill with green dung, and the other with old, a great- er burthen in the latter than in the former. This difference was undoubtedly owing to the causes before assigned. I have this year made a similar experiment. One half the quantity of green dung was used as of old. Every other circumstance was equal. The former was with the hoe coarsely pulverized, and mixed with earth. The corii, planted on the green dung, has appeared as well through the season as any other part of the field, the ears quite as well set and filled. I have been informed by a farmer that he is in the practice of plantiiig Indian corn on green dung, and that his crops are as good as his neighbors." He sleds his dung from his barn windows to his field late in the winter. The operation of the frost breaks up its texture, and by a little shovelling in the spring, it is pretty well prepared for the hill. Bosides^the loss in quantity and quality of manure in keepini; it a year longer than is necessary, the economical farmer will calculate his loss of interest on the capital for that time. If the farm yard is cleare. of manure twice in a yeHr,equal quantities of other materials may be carted into it, as when cleared in the fall only. The manure, which the industri ous farmer has collected in his yards during the .-ummer months, will, in the fall, be carted to his fields and mixed, by alternately carting a few loads from each source to the same heap. This manure will be in the best order to be put into the hill for Indian corn. In the spring a larger quantity o( unfermented manure may be taken from the same sources to be spread on the same field, and for po •Ttoes in the hill. In this economical plan more round may be kept under tillage, with sreater re- turns of English grain and hay, succeeding Indiat, I corn, without additional manure. I The importaice of the subject, I trust, will in some measure apologise for having said so much on the degree of iormenlation required in the pre- par„lion of manure. Compost, made by ploughing the sides of the roais, by tlecayed chips, &t. to which is some- liuies added barn yard dung, lime, or ashes, is most beneficially aj^plieu to top-dressing grass kn 1. Irt this preparation, a material error is often observa- ble. CJreen dung is spread on the suri'ice of the bed or heap, and thus is lost the object of this ap- plication. Fermentation takes place slowly in the (lung, but the heat and gasses escape in the air, ivhile the other materials remain, nearly unaffact- ed by the process. The dung should be incorpo- rated with the other materials by ploughing, or laid up in alternate layers into small heaps^ the last layer being earth. In this way the process of decomposition, commencing in the dung, com- municates itself to the other matters, and the pro- ducts disengag-cd, are absorbed and retained Lime or ashes may be added, and perhaps, as eco- nomically without dung. They are powerful a- gents in promoting putrefaction. Compost of this kind cannot be profitably made, except for top dressing land, w liich cannot be ploughed, without an injury to tlie soil ; for most of tliese matsrials would be more serviceable in the barn and lioo- yards as before stated. Top dressing is undoubt" edJy a wasteful way of applying manure. If the land be descending it is washed off; if not, much of it escapes by evaporation. * Wood ashes have been used to fertilize the earth as long as we have any account of the art of lius- bandry. Th"/ contain charcoal .ind the vegeta- ble alkali united to carbonic acid. These°may again be reorganized into vegetable life. The al- j kah acts powerfully, in decomposing the woody fi- bres ; and the gradual solution of charcoal increas- es their value as a permanent manure. They at- tract moisture from the atmosphere, which renders them particularly serviceable to dry soils. They are very beneficial to Indian corn, when applied to the hill, early in the season. But no grain re- ceives so much benefit, from a dressing of ishea as wheat. In top dressing of grass land, they are ali?o useful. Seven years since, I applied a few cart loads of leached ashes to that part of a mead- ow, which bore little else than stinted hardbacks, cranberry and moss. The first year, clover and herds grass made their appearance. Since winch time, it has produced a very good crop of these, red top, and meadow grasses. I have annually ap- plied to diflerent parts of the same meadow, either road manure, barn yard dung, or plaster. They have all been evidently useful ; but the ashes the ujost so. Leached ashes are undoubtedly more Jeneficial, than the unleached, according to their iiierchantable prices. Probably owing, to their ■ ontaining more charcoal, and possessing more body, tlieir capacity for the absorption of moisture H greater. The opinion, that ashes exhaust the oil by t!ieir forcing properties, in the sense as generally received, is incorrect. It i^ true, they call into use some of its dormant qualities, which must in time be expended, and the soil less pro- luctive, unless some proportion of its products is restored, in the stale of manure. But if they /orre the soil to do its office, they furnish from tiiem- 90 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 13, 182(3. selves, and the atmosphere, a consiilcrable share of vegetable food. Instances could be mentioned of the perceptible good effects of ashes, on ploujrh- ing eighteen or twenty years after their applica- tion. The paring and burning of loose vegetable mould, produce their favourable effects principal- ly, by the combustion of part of its inert materials; and thus affording ashes and charcoal, which have a tendency to decompose the remainder. lAme is a useful manure. When applied to soils, like ashes, it promotes the decomposition and putrefaction of vegetable matter. " By this kind of operation," says Sir H. Davy " lime ren ders matter, which was before comparatively in- ert, nutritious ; and as charcoal and oxygen a- bound in all vegetable matters, it becomes, at the same time, converted into carbonate of lime." — I united 10 grains of each of the following arti- cles, plaster, ashes, slacked lime, and salt sepa- rately with as many pieces of mutton, of 200 grains each, and placed another piece of meat in the same situation. Decomposition was first discover- able in that with plaster, and ashes, and during the several Jays, they were observed, they retain- ed equal moisture and weight, whereas that with lime and the one to which nothing was added lost weight by the more rapid evaporation of their moisture. I have made similar experiments by mixing one drachui of beef intimately vvitii one gr. also with h gr. of each of the above articles, lime excepted, and the results were similar to the a- bove. These experiments were witnessed by gen- tlemen, who agreed with me in the results stated ; '■ "nd were they not contradictory to so good author- Lime should not be applied with animal manures ity, I should deem them satisfactory. At present, unless they are too rich, and for the purpose of' I do not consider theru decisive, but should future preventing noxious effluvia. It is injurious, when , experiments confirm these results,the operations of mixed with any common dung, and tends to ren- \ plaster might first, be deduced, from the power of der the extractive matter insoluble." It is evi- absorption of moisture, which it imparts to the soil; ilrl dent from its operations that lime should be appli- ed sparingly to light and naturally weak soils ; but strong heavy loams, containing much inert matter, will bear larger quantities, with more du- rable effects. It is a pretty well estaolished fact, that worn out lands cannot be restored by the use of lime. It is obvious, then, tliat it should not be repeated till the soil be furnished with vegetable matter requiring its soluble powers. This should seem to favour the opinion, that lime is incapable of being converted into vegetable food. But, by its action on vegetable matter in extracting its carbon and oxygen, it may in part form a soluble compound capable of being absorbed by, and form- ing a constituent of plants. It is said in the Edin- burgh Encyclopedia, that, " it is the farmer, only, who can judge of the quantity (of lime) to be given, but as a general principle, it is safer to exceed the proper quantity, than to be below it. In the latter case, the application m ly prove useless and the whole expense be lost ; whereas it rarely hap- pens that injury is susLiined from a:i excess, es- pecially if more or less dung is soon added." If a compost bed is to be made of materials dif- ficult to dissolve or putrify, as'tanners' spent bark, saw dust, shavings, &c. no other article could be so usefully added as quick lime. Gypsum is much used, and is annually grouing into higher estimation in this country. Its modus operandi on vegetation remains yet an unsettled secondly, from its septic powers on animal and veg etabla substances ; thirdly, itself affording a valu- able nutriment to plants. It is perhaps, only from such a combination of causes, that we can infer its remarkable effects on vegetation. It is said, it operates equally well on exhausted soils. Is this the fact, where there is no latent principle to be excited into action ? This perhaps may admit of a doubt. But if correct, could it not be accounted for,by the radicles of the plants being supplied with more moisture.and their own absorbent powers increased by the operation of the plaster? As experiments, of a frequent application of small quantities of plaster, are not attended with much expense, they will beot direct the farmer in its use. It may be important, however, to observe that the nature of its supposed operation, requires that it should be placed near the surface of the soil; and that it should be applied before the spring rains are over; or no benefit will be received from it, the first year, as a solution of the plaster is ne- cessary, and .500 times its weight of water are re- quired to efl^ect it. It is used in the quantities of 3 to 8 bushels an acre. Small quantities repeated | are said to be better than the same amount applied j at once. ] Salt is an article which has not been much used as a manure in this state, and jirobably will not be. If it be a useful food to plants, it is too expensive question. By one writer, Kirwan, it is said that i to be extensively applied. Sir John Pringle has said " the rationale of its effects may be deduced from that in small quantities it possesses septic pew- its extraordinary septic powers ; for it is found to ers. If so, the quantity must be extremely small, accelerate putrefaction in a higher degree than ' as in my experiments above mentioned, one half any other substance, and that it is no inconsidera ble part of the food of many plants. Sir H. Davy from experim.ents made by himself, has formed an opinion that it possesses no putrefactive powers, but that its effects result solely from its entering in' o the composition of plants, and "the reason why gypsum is not generally efficacious is proba- bly because most cultivated soils contain it, in suf- ficient quantities for the use of grasses." This he thinks may be furnished the soil in the manure; and is not taken up in the crops of corn, peas, and beans, but is consumed by the growth of grass and hay. I have in the course of this month tried several experiments, with the impression their results would corresponil with those of the valuable au- thor last mentioned, but I have been disappointed. of a grain of salt was sufficient to retard decompo- sition in one hundred grains of meat. It is an ab- sorbent of moisture and all vegetable manures are improved by being impregnated with it. The farmer may therefore take this into account, in the use of it, to preserve his hay, and benefit his cat- tle. In the application of manure, the farmer will first determine the specific qualities, which his dif- ferent fields require. If the soil of either be cold and heavy, he will carry to this his coarse and warm manure, such as horse dung, and that which contains the most straw, or unferinented matter ; on the contrary if sandy or gravelly and dry, he will reserve for this, his hog manure, and such as is most fermented ; but if his land is uniformly \ moist and warm, he will mix the several kinds of | I manure before the application, as has been bei'i i directed. It is of no small consequence,that wl manure is put into the hill or spread on the ti( to be covered v.ithout delay, that the soil may ' tain its moisture and nutritious gasses. PEAR TREES. Bse" I I am not confident that any elucidation of t I* cause of tlie disease in Pear Trees will be furnia 1 *' ed by a farther investit;,if.ion of tiie subject: sli *"' however, it may be ur.nful that all the facts whii •"! appear to have a bearing on the different theori ""'■ suggested should hr. known. " Cultivator" seei ' '' to have adopted Dahamel's opinion, that the d! "' ease is to be traced to a vitiated state of the s ''P' occasioned by sldfinant water and superfluous m "'' {nure. He says trees in highly cultivated groui ''''' 'and in low, rich and wet soil, liave been most s I"" riously affected ; while those in high land and li i cultivated soil, have escaped infection. He ad* "^'' " so far my experience accords with Duhamel'i theory." I readily admit that vegetables as well as animals may be destroyed by overfeeding os rich aliment. But I have not sufficient skill to Trace the affinity between the animal and vegetable cre- ation to the remote effects of their luxury. Some years ago I lost a pear tree which I injudiciously sat out near the roceptacle'for the rich washings from my yard. After a most vigorous growth to its bearing state, it boL'ame cankery. It however lingered a year or two under a gradual decline, My trees which suffered the past season, were dif; ferently situated, and exhibited very differeqi symptoms. They v,-cre cut oft" suddenly ia tlw pri.-ie of life and full vigour of health. Tliry had lived abstemiously upon a soil which had not bean disturbed since they took possession, until last spring, when it was planted with potatoes. There Was no miasma, for the ground v.'as dry. Their habit- were temperate, having no access to aoxiout aliment or surfeiting food. I The greatest mortality I iiave witnessed was ia Mr Secretary Bangs's gardeti, which is warm anj i dry, light and gravelly, and not highly cultivate! I Indeed the diet of the subjects of this fatal infec- tion has been rather meagre for a few years pastj their maintenance having been furnished by ten- ants. Such being the facts among my own patients, and in all cases where I had been called in con- sultation ; and such the peculiarity of the season, I had no hesitation in giving it a conjectural char- acter in my bill of mortality. I saw nothing in the symptoms, and discovered nothing from dissection to justify the belief that their death was occasion- ed by internal or external poison, by worms, or bj intemperance, (producing " a corrupt state of the juices") although, indeed, a " cutaneous affection or gangrenous appearance," had supervened.— When I ventured a professional opinion, that death was occasioned by coup de soldi, I confessed that the disease had not before fallen under my care. A wiser course might have been to have ascribed the fatal result to a " disease unknown." It ia Ift be hoped that some practical benefit to the com- munity will result from this discussion : for how-' ever doctors have disagreed as to the pro.ximate cause of the malady, and however tenacious of their different theories, they have furnished a rare , and happy coincidence of opinion, as to the belt method of arresting the progress of the disease, if not of effecting a cure. O. FISKB. Worcester, Oct. 10, 1826. :i- Vol. V. — No.lvJ. NEW ENGLAND FAUiMJOK. 91 Remarks by ttie Editor. — Accorilinjj to Europc- wiitors, Blii^lit, or Blast, is a seem to be much infected, wash them with a.oollen cloth dipped in the same fluid that is re- enmended for mildew.*" \nother cause of blii;ht in the Spring according t Mr Forsyth, will be found in sharp hoary frosts, \ ich are often succeeded by hot sun-shine; these • nrtain and sudden destruction to the fruit. — ; . rp pinching frosty mornings, wliich often hap- |n when the trees are in flower, or while the 1 It i.^ very young. The remedies are protecting I • trees during the night time with nets, burning iter tlie windward side of the trees, &c. In fill cases, however, American farmers would IV nothing of blight, but complain of untmiely )i,t. The kind of blight, however, which seems most arly to coincide with that disorder which his ■icellency Governor Li.\col5 described in his n tnunie: tion, published in the first number and st page of the current volume of the New Eng- * " Take tobacco one pound, sulphur two pounds, islacked lime one peck, and about a pound of el- r buds ; pour on the above ingredients ten gal- 3 of boiling water ; covei it close and let it rand till cold ; then add as much cold water as 1 fill a hogshead. It should stan 1 two or three lJS to settle, then take off the scum and it is fit T use." land Fanner, is thus described by Mr Coxc, in his •• 'freiitisf on I'Vuil Trees." •' That species of blight, which is sometimes called the fire blight, frequently destroys trees in the fullest apparent vigour and health, in a few hours, turning the leaves suddenly brown, as if they had passed through a hot flame, and causing a morbid matter to exude from the pores of the bark, of a black ferruginous appearance, this hap- pens through the whole course of the warm season — more frequently in weather both hot and moist, aftbrding reason to believe that it arises from the rays of the sun operating on the vapour, or clouds floating in the atmosphere, either by concentra- tion or reflection, it, generally, though not al- ways, is perceived most in confined places : cer- tain kinds, and particularly that most exquisite of our winter pears, the St. Ucrmain, seem peculiar- ly liable totliis species of blight. I have in twen- ty years lost upwards of fifty trees in the fulness of vigor — sometimes in tlie most open airy situa- tions, and in every kind of soil. From repeated observation of the kind most liable to this malady, I have been led to believe, that it is somewhat connected with a principle which appears to be considered as a sound one, by the most judicious European writers, when treating of apple trees, that is the long duration of the variety. It is cer- tain that natural trees, continually springing up from the seed, are seldom .ittacked by this disease; and the seckle pear, generally supposed to be a new variety is but little affected by it — of fifty bearing trees of this kind, of various ages, I have not lost one entire tree from this cause — this year for the first time, I have perceived the limbs of some of them partially affected, and in some in- stances, several large branches have been destroy- ed. From the great vigor and rapidity of vegeta- tion of America, pear trees if much pruned, are apt to grow too fast ; — this appears to render them more liable to the effect of fire-blight than other- wise they would be. — I have therefore changed my mode of trimming them under this impression, confining it very much to suckering and merely forming the tree — our heat and dryness do not re- quire the growth to be so open as in Europe " Miller's Gardeners' Dictionary says that fire- blight " is supposed to have been effected by vol- umes of transparent flying vapours, which, among the many forms they revolve into, may sometimes approach so near a hemisphere or hemicylinder, either in their upper or lower surfaces, as thereby to make the beams of the sun converge enough to scorch plants or trees they fall upon, in proportion to the greater or less convergency of tlie sun's rays." It should seem from the foregoing and other au- thorities which might be quoted, that blast or blight in fruit-trees may be caused by various circum- stances and accidents, among which are East Winds, Insects, such as the Scolytus Pyri, Aphis, &c. untimely Frosts, over manuring, too much moisture, the heat of the sun, coup de soldi, &c. — And as all these causes produce effects, whose ap- pearances may be such as are in coromou parlance, denoiiiinated blight or blast, liorticulturists may differ as respects the cause of the blight in partic- ular instances, and still er.ch individual be correct. In the in.-il^n''es cited by fiov. Li.ncoln, and Dr. FisKE, blight might be ihe effect of solar heat. — Mr LovvF.;.'.'s trees might !.° affected by the Sco- lyl'if,, ai il those of ■' Cv'.'h'ct'r" oy e.'icess of nu- triment, or too much moisture. But let the cause of blight be what it may, if the woody part of the tree be injured, the remedy, where the case admits of remedy, is the same, viz. cut av/ay the diseased parts at somo distance below any appearance of disease as speedily iis possible, and make use of some of the usual applications to wounds in trees. THE ISABELLA (JRAPE. Mil Fessendf.n — The following account of the Isabella grape is taken from Prince's catalogue of the Linnaaan and Botanic G.irden, at Flushing, Long Island, Mew York. ^^ Isabella Grape. This is an American grape, a native of Dorchester, South Carolina, and was in- troiluced to New York by Mrs Isabella Gibbs, the lady of George (;ibbs, Esq. of St Augustine, who then resided at Brooklyn, N. Y'. and in honour of that lady has been called Isabella Grape. " It is a dark purple fruit, of good si/e, oval form and juicy, and nearly equals some European kinds, and for vigour ol' growth, and abundance of yield, exceeds any other yet cultivated in this country ; and requires no protection during the rrinter. This grape promises to rival all others in this country for the purpose of making wine, as it possesses all the requisites to ensure success in making w ine of a fair quality, or of making brandy equal to that of France. It ripens in September." Much inquiry has been made in your valuable paper respecting Grapes suitable for and deserving cultivation in New England. I believe the above kind possesses the most good qualities of any now cultivated, and is well worth a trial by those who wish for choice fruit. In the fall of 1823 four of these vines with roots were received from Prince's nursery in New York, and set out in this town. Last September they bore a few grapes, but this season they have covered over two very large ar- bours, and it is judged that not less than 5 bushels of very delicious grapes have been gathered from them. No protection from the weather in the winter is required, nor any other trouble than the usual training in autumn after the fall of the leaves, and in the spring and summer to give the vines the proper direction on the arbour. Your ob't serv't, L. W. BRIGGS. . Bristol, (R. I.) October 9, 1626. Mr Ff.ssenpen — As you notice occasionally specimens of fruit of extraordinary size, I would take this occasion of mentioning an apple that grew in my garden. It is a Newtown Pippin. The tree in the spring was a mere switch, — almost without branches. The past is the first summer in wliich it has grown any of consequence, though the third since it was transplanted. The apple was 13J inch- es in circumference, and weighed 18J ounces. — This, I perceive, is dwarfish in comparison of some that have been mentioned ; but as it was a produc- tion of " the Cape," I thought it might not be amiss to notice it. An improvement in agriculture is perceptible in some parts of this county witiiin a few years ; and though the soil is an ungrateful one, yet an im- proved culture will certainly do much for it. With great respect, P. FISH. South Barnstable, October 10, 1826. The English company employed in getting treas- ure from the Spanish ships sunk at Vigo, are ex- pected to get little more than their labour for their pains. The whole of the vessels except one have been searched, and nothing valuable found. 92 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 13, 1896. THE NEW-ENGLAND SOCIETlf. raillK NEW-ENGLAND SOCIETY /or the A promotion of Manufactures and llis .Mc- T.hanic .'lris,ff\ve iioticii Ihattliey will liold llieir first EXOIBITION OF AMEUICAN INVEN- TIONS, and MANUK,\(;TUI{KS, at (he Hall over the new Faiieiiil Hall Market in lioslon, on TUESDAY the TWENTY FOUUTII da/ of OC TOBER next. The preir."nim3 mentioned in tlie annexed list will then be aw;irdcd by Committees aiipoinied by the Directcu's ; but it is understood th.tt whenever IVom want of competition tlie best articles of any kind offered shall not be deem- ed by the Committee worthy of the premium, they may withhold it, and bestow such other compliment as the article may in their opinion merit. The Directors will exercise the right of awardinij premiums to any articles not specifi- ed which may deserve such distinction. No Committee sliall award a premium to any one of its members. All articles ofFered for pre- miun nuist be deposited on or before Saturday, the 14th day of October. Every article thus •)ft'er- ed must be' accompanied by proof of orijjin and by a statement of the name and residence of the maker, and as far as possible of the price at whirh it can be sold, hut the Article itself must be distinK-nished by a private inok, atiy known or public mark beinsf complct. ly concealed. An auctioneer will be provided to sell such of the articUs exhibited .as the own-fs may wish to dispose of The Hall wdl be o- pened to receive articles offered for exhibition or premium from the first day to the 14th of October. LIST OK PREMU'MS. L To the make] of the hesl Bar Iron made from native ore. samples of not less than 100 jiouikIs to ho exhibited— a Silver Mori ill 2. To the maker of the hesi Cast Sleel fmin Ameri- can Iron, a specimen of at least SO pounds to lie ex- hibited, a Silver Med»l. 3. To the maker of the best Butt Hinges, not loss than one dozen pair to beexhibiied, a Silver Medal. 4. To the maker of the liest iJoor Locks, several to he exl.ibiteri. and suiialjlc for Dwelling Houses and Stores, a Silver Medal. .7. To the maker of tne best Files, not le.'^s than si.-; of different sizes lo be exhibited a Silver Medal. 6. To the maker of the host Knives and Forks, spe- cimens of at least one dozen pair tobe cxnibited.a Sil- ver Meilal. 7. To the maker of the best Mechanics' Edje Tools, specimens of Chisels, PI lie Irons, aurl Carpenters' Adzes, most be exhiliiied, a Silver Medal. 8. To the maker of the greatest variety and best specimens of fine Cutlery, not liss than six arlicles to be exbiljited, a Silver Medal. 9. To the maker nfthe best red and white Earthen Ware, from American clav, a Silver Meilal. 10. To the maker ol the best Flint Glass Ware, a variety of articles to he exhibited, a Silver Medal. 11. 'T.I the inaiuifacturer of the best piece of super- fine black or blue Broadcloth, 1 .5-8 a yard wide, and not less than 15 yards in quantity, a Silver Medal. 12. To the manufacturer of the best piece of black or bhie Kerseymere, at least fifteen yards in quantity, a Silver Medal. 13. To the manufacturer of the best piece of white flannel, a Silver Meial 14. To the manufacturer of the best woollen Blank- ets, six pair to be exhitiited. and made in Imitation of the Knulisb 4 point blankets, a Silver Medal. 1.5. To the maker of the best piece of I-srain Car- peting, twenty yards in quantity, a Silver Medal. 16. To Jhe' maker of tne nest Worsteil Hosiery, at least one dozen pair to be exhibited a Silver Me^'al. 17 To the maker of the hest Loom Cotton Hosiery, one dozen pair lo he exhibited, a Silver Medal. 18, To the manufaclurerofthe best Furniture Cali- coes, specimens of twenty-five pieces to he exhibited, a Silver Medal. 19. To the manufacturer of the hest specimens of Calicoes, or Hrints for Ladies' Dresses, twenty-five pieces to be exhibited, a Silver Medal. 20- To the manufacturer of the iiest specimen of su- perfine Cotton Cloth, ill imitation of tJnjllsh Cambtics, not less than twenty pieces to he exhinited, a Silver Medal. 2) lo the maker of the best Beaver Hat, price not «xceedinR eight dollars, a Sdver Medai. 22. Koi th;- best and greatest quantity of Raw Silk, a Silver Medal. eoll)i; 1 quail littee. :.i. To the maker of the I hie Linen, not less lli.in iwi a Silver Medal. 24. To the Slanofactiirer of the best piece of Linen Cloth for Shiitiiii or S'leeiiiii;, at least twenty yards to he exhiliiied, a Silver Med,il. 2.1. Koi the hest specimen of Tanned Sole Leather, a Silver Medal, 26. For the best specimen of Morocco Leather, a Silver Medal. 27. For the best s|>eciinen of Upper or Harness Leather, a Silver Medal. 28. To the maker of the best Boots and Shoes, not less than three pair ofeach kind to be exhibited, a Sil- ver Medal. 29. To the maker of the best Grass or Straw Bon- net, a Silver Medal. 30. To the manufacturer of the best piece of Can- vass, a Silver Medal. 31. To the niaiHifactiirer of the hest White Lea I, fifty pounds to he exhiliiied, a Silver Medal. 32. To the niannfacturer of the hest i'aiuters's Col- ours, 5 lbs. of each colour to he exhibited, a Silver Meoal. 33. For the best Specimen of Cabinet Vi are, a Sil- ver Medal, 34. To the manufacturer of the hest Salt from Si a Water, samples of at least one bushel to he cxhihited, a Silver Medal. 3,5. The 'itandin; Commitiee on new improvements and inventions are autliotized to report to the Direct- ors for pieinii.ms such articles as they may deem euti- tltd thereto, allhou-h not included in the lore^oiiig list. In nil cases reference will he had to the price and quaiitilv of till' article maiiufartured. A line coiiy. Ailest, . JOHN K MIX'S, S'xrelar;,. In pursuance of the foregoing, the Com- mittee of .Vrrani^ements invito- all M .nufactur- rers, Artizans, aiid others in the United "-tabs to furnish any articles they may deem ot interest for the occasion, and attention will be given to articles of HousehoKi manufacture. At this first exhibition to be held under direc- tion of the Society premiums are pro osed on- ly to a limited extent, but an intelligent Com- mittee has been appointed to examine and re- port on all new improvenionts and inventions, niachinerv, manufactures, and .irticles not in- cluded in' the list f .r premiums, and proprietors and others interested may beassurrd that all articles presented will receive careful examina- tion, and such notice as they may appear to me- lit Arlicles then deposited for premium or exhi- bition may be sold at the close of the exhibi- tion, either by private contr.act. or by public sale, for whicji purpose an auctioneer will be anpointed by the Committee. VVM. SHIMNHV, "^ ISAAC PARKER. I,, SVM'L I'ERKP.S. [^ 'inOMASSEAKLE, J Soston, Sel>t. 18, 1826. laut'340ct. Mr John A. Waterbury, of Saratoga, N. Y. : has raised a quantity of Pea Nuts the present I season. They are said to be as easily raised as Potatoes. Beer has been introduced to consiflerahle, use in France, hut they already begin to com- plain of its adulteration. The Eaton, N. H. lead inines prove rich. — Minos of other minerals are expected to be discovered in N. Hampsliire. It is considered an excellent time for a geological examination of the White Mountains. A number of young men who went from New York engaged for the Colombian Navy, have returned in disgust, and published an account of the treatment they received. — Eight others died. from the Boston Commtrcial Gazette. MANUFACTORIES IN MASSACHUSETTS. MeirimacJi Manufacturing Company, has a cap- ital of 81,200,000, (tite whole of which has been paid in,) and was incorporated in 1821. It is situ- ated in the eastern part of Chelmsford, in Middle- sex county, near Patucket Falls, and on the Ca- nal constructed in 1793 by the proprietors of the Middlesex canal, the first in the U. S. The fall of the Merrimack, at Patucket is 30 feet. The dis- tance N. \V. from Boston, is 22 miles, and from Salem, about the same distance. To the flourish- ing village of Haver'iill, on Merrimack and nearer to the sea, it is 12 miles from ChehnsforJ. Five mills have already been erected, containing 3000 spinuli-3 each; and 3, finished with proper machinery, are also in operation Another with machinery will be ready first of January next. — About 200 men, and 180 females are employed in each mill. None are under tlie age of 12; and ve- ry few are so young. The wages of these persons depend, in some measure, upon their skill and in- dustry. Some earn $2 a week, and others only 1, besides board, which is $1.25. The men receive more. In each mill,2500 yards are woven daily, of No. 22, 30, and 40 yarn, respectively. All this is bleached ; and about tl ree fourths of itis printed. Those exhibited in Boston, at the great fair lately were very fine, and fully equal to those from Taun- ton, in the opinion of all those who examined them. In the print and bleach work, .50 men and 30 women are employed. The whole work is carried on in the yard, from preparing the colours to the engraving of the Cylinders. An extensive Woolen manufactory was estab- lished at this place before 1821 ; and has lately increased in business. Since the Merrimack Manufacturing Company commenced building, there have been built, in tin.-? part of Chelmsford (now Lowell) 200 dwelling houses and the village is rapidly increasing. It may be proper to observe, that in 1825, tire proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack river, having increased their stock in the stun of $G00,000,purchascd of the Merrimack Manufactur- ing Company all their spare land, and the residue of the water power the latler had created, and also a large machine shop, where machinery for two mills is completed annually. In these, 200 first rate mechanics in iron, wood, &c. are constantly employed. A ton and more of castings is required daily, and furnished by a furnace within four niilc;:'. A Company called the Hamilton manufacturing company, has recently erected two mills on land purchased of the proprietors of the Canal and Locks, one of which is in operation. They also have a capital of $600,000, and their buildings are of brick. The water power of Lowell is great and abun- dant, and its quality is excellent for bleaching and dying. The Merrimack is navigable over a hundred miles above Lowell, and furnishes abundant supplies of wood, lumber and brick ; the communication with Boston is greatly facilitated by the Middlesex Ca- nal, by means of which, all heavy articles are trans- ported at a comparatively low rate. The Canal packet boat runs three days a week ; and a stage goes out and in every day to and from Boston; be- si-les others to Worcester, Newburyport, Dover and Concord in N. H. &c. A bridge is also now Vol. V— No.12. NEW ENGLAND F^VRMEU. 1)3 Kliiig; over 'he Merrimack, nciir tlio junction ,h Concord river. shepherd K'ooUen Factory at Nortliamplon, on necticiit river. The capital $130.(100 — persons ployed, 1 13 — 37,.")00 yards ofsiiporiinc nnd sec- 1 quality ot' Broadclotiis manufactured, annual- and in this, 7,5,000 lbs. of Saxon and .Vmcrican ool of first quality arc used, n nnotlicr factory belonging to Messrs. Cooks Northampton, 10,01X) yards have been made in months, bein^j about 40 yards a day — for this, )nt "-'5,000 of raw wool are worked annually. — ich of the work is done by machinery. One ny in Cooks' factory his 100 spiiiiles — 3 others, each; anl a billy, with 50 spimlles. The cap- : of this factory weiio not know. {To be continued.) SWEDISH TURNIPS AND MANGEL WURTZliL. ^t the annual nieeiir.j? of the Doncaster Agri- tur.-il Society in Durham, ^Eng.) Loru Althorp ribes an interesting experiment wiiich he ha I de to ascertain tUe ^-omparative merits of Swed- Turnips and Mangel Wvirtzel, in the fattening cattle ; the result of whicii went to prove the eriority of the latter. Two o.;en were at the ne time put to the different kinds offoo,!, an.i itinued at them for a stated period ; that which fed on Mangel Wurt. el increased considera- more in weight than the other, which was fed Swedish Turnips. This fact liaving been as- tained, tlie ox wliich had been fed on Mangel urtiCl was put to Turnips, and the other which d been at Turnips was put to Mangel Wurtzel a similar period ; and it was found, at the ter- nation of the e.<;»eriinent, that the ox wliich had .■n put from Mandrel Wurtzel to Turnips had 5l\veiglit, while the other which had been re- j'ed from Turnips to Mangel Wurt/.el had gain- tonsiderably. lie further observed, that dur- gjthe dry season, when the Turnips had been afly all burnt or destroyed by the fly, Blangel uttzcl had flourished and was an abundant crop. [Boston Pat.] TO PICKLE BEEF, PORK, 5:c. .4irf to keep meat good in the hottest Climates. Tc four gallons of water, add one pound tiiid a ilf jt Muscavado sugar, two ounces of saltpetre, id ax pounds of bay or common salt. Put the hol> into a clean pot or kettle, and let it boil, bo- ig mreful to take off all the scum as it rises. — V^hci there is no more scum, take tlie liquor off, nd fct it stand till cold : having put the meat you ish o preserve into the vessel you intend to keep . in,'>our in the liquor till the meat is quite cover- d, irj which condition it must be kept. If ym intend to preserve your meat a considcra- le tine, it will be necessary once in two months, o boi the pickle over again, clearing off the scum hat rees, and putting in, when boiling, 2 ounces f sugir, anl half a pound of common salt. Thus lie ])iikle will hold good twelve months. It is in- ompaable for curing hams, neats tongues, or beef vhich ;ou intend to dry ; observing, when you take hem oit of the pickle, first to clean and dry them, JUt then in paper bags, and hang them iu a dry varm pace. From the JV. Y. Evening Post. CIDER. Good cder can be made any where, of good Tuit, by .he following method : When your ap- ples are well ground, wet your straw with the jiiico instead of water ; put some straw in a cask next your receiving tub, with a blanket on it, to filtrate or strain it ; then put it into a good clear strong cask immediately ; suffer it to have as lit- tle air as possible, to prevent fermentation. When your cask is full, bung it up tight, and remove it to your cellar, not to be disturbed for one month at least. Tiiis cider will retain its sweetness for years, and be as clear as needful ; it will be fit for bottling in four weeks. It should not be removed in the cask it was put up in, but racked into an- other. If there be any who doubt this mode, let tiieni try one cask after the above method. The foregoing is certified from experience. BENJ. WALDRON. New- York, Sept. 1.5, 1826. The following letter from Joseph Cooper, Esq. of New Jersey to a gentleman in Philadelphia, al- ough it has before been in print, may be new to some, and useful to others, by recalling to memory i>Li;)ortant impressions, which the lapse of time nu'V have wholly or jn part obliterated. AGRICULTURE. Respected i-;(Iknd — Kind Providence having placed me in a station of life which obliged me to procure a living by industry, and that principally in liie agricultural line, it lias caused me to be a strict observer of the works of nature, with res- pect to such parts of the valuable creation as have come under my particular notice; and I have been greatly embarrassed at the opinion very generally enlert lined by farmers and gardeners, that chane- ing seeds, roots and "plants to distant places, or dif- ferent soils or climates, is beneficial to agricul- ture, not agreeing with my observations or prac- tice. This induced me to make many experiments on that head, all of which in more than fortv vears practice have operated to prove to my satisfaction, that the above opinion is not well founded, and if so, must be extremely prejudicial to agriculture, as it turns tlie attention of the husbandman from what appears to me one great object, viz. that of select- ing seeds and roots for planting or sowing, from such vegetables as come to the greatest perfection in the soil which he cultivates. What induced me to make experiments on that head, was, observing that all kinds of vegetables were continually varying in tlieir growth, quality, production and time of maturity. This led me to believe that the great Author of nature, has so constructed that wonderful machine, if I may be allowed the expression, as to incline every kind of soil and climate to naturalize all kinds of vegeta- bles, that it w-ill produce at any rate, the better to suit them, if the agriculturalists will do their part in selecting the most proper seed. In support of which I will take the liberty of subjoining a tew facts and experiments, out of an inconceivable number which have all combined to prove the above to my satisfaction. In, or about the year 174G, my father procured the seeds of the long warty squash, which have been kept on the farm ever since, without chang- ing, and are now far preferable to what they were at first. Our early peas were procured from Lou- don the spring before Braddock's defeat, and have been planted successively every season since on the place. They have not been changed, and are now preferable to what they were when first ob- tained. The seed of our asparagus was procured from New York, in the year 175'^, since which time I have not planted a .seed but what grew on my beds, and by selecting tlie seed from the larg- est stalks, I have improved it greatly. A complaint is very general, that potatoes of every kind degenerate, at w liich I am not surpris- j ed, when the most proper means to produce that efi'ect is constantly practised ; to wit, using or I selling the best, and planting the refuse ; by which ' means almost the whole of those planted are the ^ produce of plants the most degenerated. The j consideration of which induced me to try an oppo- site method. Having often observed that some I plants or vines produced potatoes larger, belter shaped, and in greater abundance than others, without any apparent reason except the operations of nature, it induced me to save a quantity from such only for planting tlie ensuing season, and I was highly gratified in finding their production ex- I ceed that of others of, the same kind, planted at the same time, and with every equal advantage, beyond my expectation, in size, shape, and quanti- ty : this induced me to continue the practice, and I am satisfied that I have been fully compensated for all the additional trouble. A circumstance happened respecting potatoes, which may be worth relating ; a woman whom I met in market request- ed me to bring half a bushel of sweet potatoes for seed the next market day, which I promised to do, but going through the market on that day, previ- ous to her son's coming for the potatoes, I observ- ed the woman selling such as I had brought for her ; when the boy came, I asked him tlie reason tlicy wanted potatoes for seed, while they were selling their own ; his answer was that his father said, if they did not get seed from me once in three or four years, tlieir potatoes would be good for nothing. Queri), if he had used the same means in selecting his potatoes for planting as I did, whether he would have profited by changing with one who used the other method ? In discoursing v.ith a friend who lived at a great distance from me, on the above subject, he intro- duced two instances in favour of changing seed ; one was asparagus, the other radish seed, he had from me ; the production of both he said was pre- ferable to any thing of the kind ever seen in that neigliborhood, which was near 100 miles distant, to which he ascribed the benefit ; but iu two or three years the radishes degenerated so as to be no better than what he had before. I asked his method of saving seed ; he said he had no other radishes in his garden, and when they had pulled what was fit for use, let the others go to seed. I then told him iny method, viz. — As soon as radish- es are fit for use, I dig up ten or twelve of those which please me best, as to colour, shape, &c. and plant them at least 100 yards from where any oth- ers bloom at the time they do : this, I informed him, was the best method I knew of, to improve any kind of vegetables, varying tlic process agree- able to their nature ; and as he had, in my opin- ion, taken the most proper method to degenerate his, I asked him if he thought I should be benefit- ed by exchanging with him .•' Ilis answer was, he believed I was the best gardener. In, or about the year 177"2, a friend sent me a few grains of a smaller kind of Indian corn, the grains of which were not larger than goose shot, which he informed m©; by a note in which they nere enclosed, were originally from Guinei, and Droduced from eicrht to ten ears on a stalk. Those grains I planted, and found the production to ans- 94 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 13, 182G. wer the description, but the ears small, and few ofjen that different kinds of the same species of veg- them ripe before frost. I saved some of the larg- etables are not in bloom at the .same time near to- est and earliest, and planted it between rows of gather, as by that happening, they mi.x, degener- larger and earlier kinds of corn, which produced a ate, and each kind is injured NEW ENGLAND FARIME^J mixture to advantage ; then I saved seed from stalks that produced the greatest number of the largest ears, and first ripe, which I planted the en- suing season and was not a little gratified to find its production preferable both in quantity and qual- ity to that of any corn I had ever planted. This kind of corn I have continued planting ever since, selecting that designed for seed in tlie manner 1 would wish others to try, viz. — When the first ears are ripe enough for seed, gather a sufficient quantity for early corn, or replanting ; and at the time you would wish your corn to be ripe general- ly, gather a sufficient quantity for planting the next year, having particular care to take it from stalks that are large at bottom, of a regular taper, not over tall, the ears set low, and containing the greatest number of good sizeable ears of the best quality ; let it dry speedily ; and from the corn gathered as last described, plant your main crop, I and if any hills should be missing, replant from that first gathered, which will cause the crop to ripen mora regularly than is common, which is a great benefit. The above mentioned I have prac- tised many years, and am satisfied it has increased the quantity, and improved the quality of my crops beyond what any person would imagine, who has not tried the experiments. The distance of plant- ing corn, and number of grains in a hill, are mat- ters many differ in ; perhaps different soils may require a difference in both these respects ; but in every kind of soil I liave tried, I find planting the rows six feet asunder each way, as near at right angles as may be, and leaving not more than four stalks in a hill, produces the best crop. The common method of saving serfl corn, by taking ■ the ears from the heap, or crib, is attended with two disadvantages; one is, the taking the largest ears, which have generally grown but one on a stalk ; this lessens the production. The other is, taking ears that have ripened at different times, which causes the production to do the same. A striking instance of plants being naturalized happened by Col. Matlock sending some water- 1 melon seed from Georgia, which he informed me by a letter, were of superior quality ; knowing seed from vegetables which had grown in more southern climates required a longer summer than what grew here, I gave them the most favourable situation, and used glasses to bring them forward, yet very few ripened to perfection ; but findinjr them to be as excellent in quality as described, I saved seed from those first ripe ; and by continu- ing that practice four or five years, they became as early water-melons as I ever had. Many admit the above errors from foreign flax seed producing the best flax in Ireland ; but when it is considered that it is the bark of the stalk on- ly, that is used in Ireland, which is in the best perfection before the seed is ripe, and that part not used from any other plant except hemp, the ar- gument falls to the ground when applied to other vegetables. For many years past, I have renewed the whole seed of my winter grain, from a single plant which I have observed to be more productive, and of bet- ter quality than the rest, which I am satisfied, has been of great use. And I am fully of opinion, that all kinds of garden vegetables may be improved by the foregoing methods ; particular care being tak- I am sensible the foregoing will meet with great opposition and contradiction, but as an experiment is safe and easy, I hope it will induce persons of more leisure, ability, and observation than myself, to make trial, as a mean of improving the agricul- ture of our country, which is the sincere wish of thy friend. JOSEPH COOPER, Cooper's Point, (M J.) April, 1799. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCT. 13, 182(>. From the Philadelphia Gazette. The throng at the Masonic Hall, where the Franklin Institute is holding its exhibitions, is so great, that we could with difficulty make our way through the rooms. We saw enough however, to be convinced of the utility of such exhibitions, and of the rapid progress of Ihe arts in America. The articles which struck our fancy most, were eilii Extract f I om a law of the Commonwealth, passu i» Fchuary 9, 1831. lyjfi Be it enacted, t^c. That the several Agricultui iif Societies shall be, and hereby are, authorised empowered, by their Trustees or other officers 1 litis them designated for the purpose, to define and ( bounds and limits of sufficient extent for tlie en tion of their Cattle Pens and Yards, and for coi ' j venicnt passageways to and about the same, on the days of their Annual Cattle Shows and Exhibi tions, and also for theii Ploughing Matches ani Trials of Working Oxen ; within which bounfc ■ and limits no person shall be permitted to enter* il pass, unless in conformity with the Rules ao^ a Regulations of the Trustees or other officers el said Society, respectively. And if any persor shall enter or pass within the bounds and limitf I' thus fix'e^ and defined as aforesaid after he shll' the specimens of cut glass from the New-England K^^g ^^^^ notified thereof, he shall forfeit and pa* Company's Works at Boston, Bakewell and Page's j jj g,„j, not less than One Dollar, nor more thai at Pittsburgh, the New- York and New-Jersey Works, and M'Cloid and Shiner's of this city. — They are brilliant and elegant. The specimens of porcelain from the works in Jersey City, and the factory of Tucker and Bird of Philadelphia, are excellent as first essays. There is one very elegant mantle piece of Egyp- tian marble, and others, which cannot be regarded as less elegant, of Pennsylvania black marble. — These have been deposited by Steganini, Struth- ers, P. Fritz, and others. Mr C. Cornelius and Mr Leadbeater, have sent to the exhibition some elegant lamps and chande liers ; Mr A. Atkinson various articles of saddlery. The grates and stoves are of various patterns.— They arc from the manufactories of S. Morns, Min gle & Son, Loyd &. Son, Lyons, and others Five Dollars, to be recovered before any JusticI of the Peace of the same County, in an action d the case, at the suit of the Treasurer of said Soct ety, to the use of the Society aforesaid. Mention is made of a trout in England, whii after living sixty years in a well, died by reason the drought, which robbed it of its natural elemi It had become so tame as to receive from the h; snails, worms, and bread, and always seemed pli ed at the presence of its feeder. A similar experiment in domesticating a t is making on Long-Island. When put into a or spring, three years since, it did not weigh ounces. Last March it was found to weigh ova p. two pound.s. It will rise gently from the bittoB of the well and feed out of the hand. Severd dil There is also a small piece of lutestring, woven 1 ferent kinds of fish, and among them trout of larg< in Philadelphia, from silk, produced in tliis neigh- bourhood. The display of Piano Fortes, from the factories of Loud, Albright, Puinmer, Dubois, Stoddart, and others, is very splendid. Various articles of furniture, by White, Graham and others, are much admired, as are also Mr M'Cauley's oil cloths, and the paper hangings from various factories. There are sewing silks from Connecticut, cali- coes from Massachusetts, ginghams from Philadel- phia county, and cloth from various quarters. One piece of black cloth, has been very much admired, and was selling rapidly at §12,50 a yard. FALL TRAININGS. We never before the present season_j witnessed so general and decided symptoms of the disgust and contempt that are entertained of military trainings. The inequality of the duty required has made it intolerable ; while the farcical style in which it is performed awakens nothing but rid- icule and derision. Our legislature is called upon by the public voice emphatically expressed in murmurs and complaints through the public press, by tlie tone of feeling that manifests itself in every section of the Commonwealth, to provide a speedy and efficient remedy. The approaching session must not go past without an attempt at some meas- ure of relief. [Newbury port Herald.] size, have been put into the well, and all havt bea immediately attacked and ultimately killed ly tUi lord of the castle. James Anthony Esq. of South Kingstoi, R. I was killed by a fall from his horse on Monday la«t Mr Anthony was a very useful citizen and an e» timable man. Two articles were recrived from Salem too lale for this week's paper. The Charleston (Md.) Telegraph says it nust b( a subject of general felicitation to our farnersairi indeed to all persons, that the corn crop his pri ed so abundant, more especially as the whiat c was so light. From what we can learn tiere not been a more extensive yield on the Easti Shore for many years. A man in New- York has been punishel by tJM court of sessions, for cruelty to his horse. Because the horse was his own, the brutal wretcli thought he could treat him as he pleased ; but tie court taught him better. At a recent public dinner near Herefod numer- ous healths of noble personages wcc drank— "Lord John Russell and the House of lussell," — Lord Howick and the House of Gray,— T'le Duke I- of Devonshire, and the House of Caveidish. — and J- many more ; until an attorney, who wis ;it fuble, being called upon for a tonst, gave wlh prrfect* simplicity. "The health of Mr Jonfs, and th* I House of Industry." Il Vol. v.— Xo. 13. NEW ENGLAINI) FARM Ell. S5 e observe tiio Secretary of the Trcasiiry.in his ular iiileiuleil to obtain information respecting culture of silks, speaks of tlie best mode of n^ mulberry trees for feeiling the worms. We understood, from :i gentleman who resided y years in Indiii, ind wus engaged in the cul- of silks, tUut in that coiintiy, the mulberry is permitted to gro v to the sii<^ of ;i tree. The t is raised chiefly by slips or cuttings, which et in the earth, a few inches asunder, in rows or t'iree feet apart, leaving a space sufficient pc.-.-on to w.ilk between the rows. These *, lifter ri.sing to two, three, or foiir feet, are L^d or clipped, and never suffered to rise high- >o that a boy or girl may pick the leaves as walk between the ro>vs. The mode, in this try, of climbing trees for picking leaves, is rably laborious. — Con. Herald. i/mouth CoiiHti/ Cattle Shoio. — The E.xhibition ridgewiter on Wednesday, though in some ects inferioi to the last year, is said io have sustained tli^- reputation of the society under e patronage it was iield. The pens were fiU- ith fat caitle and grown stock. The Plough- Matcli commenced at i) o'clock in the morning, teams were engaged in the animated con- anJ a good degree of skill was manifested in management of the plough. A great variety nufactureJ articles, both elegant and uselul, e.xhibited, some of which were superior to ivhich have been offered at any former e.>;hibi- and equal it is supposed to those of any other )u of the country. The members of the So and others went from the academy in pro- on, to the meeting house, where prayers were id by tiie Rev. L)r Kendall, and an address, priate and judicious, was delivered by Wm. •las, Esq. The Society returned to the Hall e academy, where an e\cellent dinner was ded. Several toasts after dinner, were drank, I ball in the evening crowned the festivities day. — Taunto!' lUporter. editor of the Liverpool .Mercury states that have upwards of Jifty steam boats plying he- Liverpool and other places, — that the num- f persons frequenting the sea wall, repairing from those boats, exceeds on some days twen- lusand, — that in the space of one hour he een twenty steam boats arrive with an aver- ach of two hundred passengers, — and that the summer months, more than one hundred land persons cross the river Mersey in steam in a single week. is surpasses all bustle on this side of the At- :. [N. Y. Statesman.] 3 N. Y. Enquirer says the English ladies are healthy than the American, because they J themselves warmer, and with more regular- nd take more exercise. Sa.roni) Sheep. On TUESDAY, nih inst. at — oVdock. Immediately after the sale of Saxony Sheep, per 'I'artar, at Hrighton. An entire flock of superior Kloctoral .Saxony Klieep, import( d hi (he Bremen, consisting of ICO BUCKS and "40 l-'.WKS. Thi'se Sheep wire selected at a very considerable ex(i( use, and by a highly respectable judgi, who has Iiirti employed in selecting lor sojue ol the liisl flocks ill Europe. The Sheep may be examined at any time previous to the sale. Catilngues will he ready 10 days befoie the sale, and nnni- of Ihf flock will be previously sold COOLIDGE, POOR i HF:aL', Auctioneers. Merino Sheep. On TUESDAY, nth inst. at 12 o'clock. Or immediately after the sale of Saxony Sheep at Brighton. 275 7 fi and full blood Merino Sheep, the greater pro- poilion Ewes — ma> be examined before the sale. COOLIDGE, VOOR & HEAD, Auctioneers. dancer said to a Spartan, " You cannot stand Tg on one leg as I can." " Perhaps not," said partan, "but my goose can." etter from Pensacola, Florida, says the new- yard is laid out, and a few temporary build- lave been erected. Next year, it is supposed, work will be done on the buildings, walls, les, &.C. At present we have to dispute pos- m with the rattlesnakes. atal disease prevails among the Cattle in the Western part of Virginia. Saxony Sheep. On TUESDAY, 17th Oct. at 9 o'clock, .\ear Dud- ley's Hotel, in Brighton, The entire Flock of Electoral Saxony SHEEP, im- ported in the ship Tartar, from Hamburg — consist- ing of lOG Bucks and 98 Ewes. These Sheep wi re selected by one of the best judges i i Saxony, without any regard to expenco — it being 'be intention of the owners to exceed all former flocks «^nt to this country, as well in regard to fineness of fl-ece, as to size and symmetry of form. They were ^elected after a most thorough examination ol every riock of any note iu the country. Gentlemen interes- !. d in the growth offinc Wool in this Country may :es' assured this will be the only importation of these ■inimals to this country, and the last opportunity they will have to increase or improve their breed of these valuable Sheep. Catalogues will be ready for delivery 10 days pre- vious to the sale, at our Office, where samples of the Wool may be seen. The Agents pledge themselves that none of the above Flock will be disposed of until the day of Auction, when they will all be sold, without reserve. COOLIDGE. POOR & HEAD, Auctr's oct. 13. Winter Keeping for Horses. GENTI,EMEN having valuable Horses, may have them wintered it a reasonable charge in the vicinity, whtre thi-y may be assured of good keeping, and faith- ful attention. Inquire at Ibis Office ; of Mr Grover, at Roylston Marine Ins. Oflice, or of Maj. S. Jaques, Charlestown. oct. 13. Allum, Superior allura from the Salem Laboratory in bbls. of 300 lbs. net, for sale on the most favourable terms. Refined Saltpetre, inkegsoflOii lbs.net, — from the same Laboratory. Du Font's Gunpowder, by the cask or smaller quantity. Shot Sf Balls, at wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices. E. COPELA\D, Jun. 65 Broad Street. oct. 13. tf. Dr A. G. HulVs Patent Hinge Truss. [From the New York Medical and Physical Quarter- ly Journal, No. 15, for Sept, 1822.] " We take some share of reproach to ourselves for not having before this noticed the very great inprove- ments made by Dr. Hull in the construction of trusses. The truth is, it is only recently that our attention was particularly directed to the subject ; and we were sur- prised to find how vastly superior the invention of Dr. Hull was to any iastrument of the kind which had heretofore come within our knowledge. The principle on which it is constructed, appears to us to he equally just and original ; and the very gratifying success which has attended its application, abundantly con- firms the soundness of the theoretical principles by which it was suggested. ' AmosG. Hull, .M. D. Dear Sir, — Since our interview at my house I have the satisfaction to inform yeu, ihat I have been cured of a rupture of 15 years continuance by the use of your Truss. I found on the first trial that it was more ef- fectual in retaining the bowels than any instrument 1 have ever used. I soon found that a favourable change had taken place and I supposed myself cured. About this time I was reduced very low with Typhus fevi r, as I began to recover I again found appearance of the rupture. I applied the Truss again and iu a few weeks Ibund myself cured. I continued the in- strument about one year when I leli it off and for the last three years have been quite free from the com- plaint. I am respectfully your friend and serv't. SAMUEL WOODWARD, iM.D. Welhtrsfield, Cl. June 1, 1026. [I he following notice is from Dr. Shnrtlefl", who has had the best opportunity of witnessing its good effects.] '■ 1 have for several years used Dr. Hull's patent Truss both for males and females . In tvtry case it has given relief and in many a ferftcl cure. BENJAMIN SHURTLEIF." Boston, Aug. 9, 1826. This Truss is for sale by EBENEZER WIGHT, Druggist, Milk, opposite Federal street, Boston. Oct. 13. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening-. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - -■■ - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed mi^k, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, . - - Uve, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - - - - Barley - - - . Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new-, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover ----- WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVlSIO^r MARKET. BEEF, best pieces . . . - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - - I VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, - - . . . BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - Indian, do. - . - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - D. C. bbl 1 25 1 33 ton. 80 00 82 50 95 00 in 00 bush 2 00 2 50 bbl. 10 00 111 25 8 25 8 50 6 00 6 50 lb. 18 9 10 3 6 9 10 bush 95 1 00 bbl. 5 OC 5 12 5 00 5 12 3 25 3 50 bush 76 78 83 86 90 96 55 60 lb. 10 11 cask 90 1 00 gal. 75 80 ton. 2 50 2 75 ibl. 14 00 14 50 11 25 11 50 lush 10 87 2 67 " 00 3 55 b, 8 33 25 30 25 20 40 30 50 33 35 30 25 46 35 lb. 9 12 7 9 5 6 9 12 6 8 12 20 17 18 2'i 25 14 ush 90 1 00 9(' I 00 37 hi. 1 25 1 50 96 New ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 13, IhJt;, nXISC£;i.Z.A29'£ES. would appear in the east ami call the dead to jiid^r- ment. The posture they deemed the most con- Inhabitanfs and Libraries. — Boston, with a pop- venient for rising ; and by having their faces ulation of 60,000, possesses 13 public libraries con- directed to that particular quarter of the heavens, taining 50,000 vols; Baltimore, 70,000 inhabitants, it was intended that they should see the great 4 public libraries, 30,000 volumes ; Philadelphia, man as soon as he should appear. A suicide was l.'iOjOOO inhabitants,ly public librarieo, 70,000 vols; buried with his head downwards and his face to- New York, 180,000 inhabitants, 10 public libra- 1 wards the west. The reason of this being request- 44,000 vols ; Harvard University, at Cambridge, ed, they answered that it was to remind him when contains 30,000 volumes. j called to judgment, that he had been the murderer 1 of himself. J^orth Carolina. — The Editor of the Salisbury Carolinian has lately been presented with three ! Hot Coffee. — We observe persons about the skeins of sewing silk, made by the Misses Harris' markets early in the morning, selling hot coffee of Surry County, which was the produce of worms and buttered rolls. A sufficient quantity of each, of their own rearing the present season. The silk costs a trifle more than a dram. How much more is pronounced by those who have examined it to be . refreshing, healthy, and preferable, is this cheap of superior quality. These youno- ladies have for breakfast, than a meagre glass of "blue ruin." [N.Y.Enq.] :5u..ie men, like l^ucian in religion, seek, by the wit, to traduce and expose useful things, becad to arrive at them, they converse with meanexpl iments ; but those who despise to be employed i ordinary and common matters, never arrive at sd perfection in experimental knowledge. Lord Vernlana A If'ife. — No sensible man ever thought a heal tiful wife was worth as much as one who coS make a good pudding. I -wish the girls all kn^ this, for I feel a great interest in their welfare.-. Trenton Emporivm JAMES BLOODGOOD & Co's scry at Flushing, on Long Island, near .^fti York. * TX behalf of th<; proprietors of the abov nursery, the subscribt-r solicits the orderjt horticulturists who may be desirous of >to«:l ardens and fields with fruit trees of thn fiije nost healthy aid vigorous storks the prejei three years past, been employed in the business of rearing worms and fabricating sewing silk ; they have now become so expert in their laudable vo- ^'""'f'" Po'^f"' Rooms.— Ai a late meeUng of ^ cation, as to derive a very handsome profit on their the Horticultural Society, on the 0th instant, a , ^„,„„„ labours j paper was read upon the manner ot cultivating! Blooj The'atarm which prevailed in this state on the !pl=^"t^ '" P"'^ fi'l*^'' ^^''^h moss only and ncit mould. [ an subject of scarcity has subsided. The crops have | It appeared that the mechodto be pursued was to '^^^^^^ ^^^^_^^^ turned out well, and it is said that from 15,000 to fi" ^ POt with coarse moss ot any kind, in the same , t .r,,^%„b,criher, a^, nt of the above nursery, willr 20,000 barrels of surplus corn could be e.xported i ma^er as it would be filled with earth and to ^ ^^^^^ ^..^.^ for any quantity of DGooD & Co attend personally to the inocu'.atb i rnjirnftmg nf all their fruit Irefs, and purchase y rely with confidence that the trees they order « from Edgecombe county, at 90 cents per pushel. Old corn was sellins FllUlT AND FOREST TRF.ES, FLOWFRiNG SHRUBS. PLANTS. \nd the trees will be delivered in this city at thej I place a cutting or a seed in this moss. The secre- tary was understood to say, that he was well ac- j quainted vvith the practice, and that it succeeded According to the venerable Bede, artificers in 1 admirably, especially with plants destined to or- 1 ^^^^ ^^^^ „,^, „... „„ .^„ ^ , „„ glass came into England in tJ74 — according tojnament a drawing room. In such a situation j|',^,,\,^'pp^jg ^C jl,g p"„r(,^j,gg, . fl,g biils'may others, in 72(). But glass windows were a rarity, and a mark of great luxury and magnificence un- til 1180, at which time they were introduced from France, which country had received the boon from the Venetians. plants grown in moss, were stated to thrive better I [„ him. be p pputation of this nursery is so extensively kn«i than if they were in garden mould, and to possess the very oreat advantage of not causing dirt, by [and has iieeu so well sustained that 1 take I the earlh^s washing out" of them when watered.— ! ['■'•'hose in want of trees to any of the [lo (icult, ,' . " , ,. .,' m t' IS city and its vicinity, and if ocular demonsti For transportation, plants rooted m moss were said , ., ^i^i^.^, ] invite those who wi^h to be thus sati to be better adapted, on account of their lightness, j [q examine the trees in my garden at Dorchesti Courteous reader ! if you have lived to be one- i In short, the method was declared to be in all ways cured from this nursery for three or four years and-twenty without having learned that time is | excellent. The explanation of the practice seems I some of which are now in bearing, all in a healtl nioncM, more emphatically ?no«ev llian dollars or | to be this: that moss rammed into a pot, and sub- cents ; you had better begin your A. B. a-b-s again' jected to continual watering is soon brought into If you have made your own fortune, beware of rob- a state of decomposition, when it becomes a pure bing your friends of their time, whose fortunes are j vegetable mould ; and it is well known tliat pure yet to be achieved by their industry. Never enter ' vegetable mould is the most proper of all materials, a merchant's store, a mechanic's shop, or a law- ! for the growth of almost all kinds of plants. The yer's office for the purpose of mere conversation. ' moss would also not retain more moisture, than If you have business with either of the three, de- precisely the quantity best adapted to the absorb- spatch it as soon as you can. Take it for granted : ent powers of the root — a condition which can that every man of sense knows "the present value i scarcely be obtained with any certainty, by the of single minutes, and endeavours to let no parti- use of earth. [London News of Literature.] cle of time fall useless to the ground." S^orous state Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applij . ZF.B. COOkI Rogers' Building — Congress Strn Boslan, ^iugustiblli. 1820. eotf. Frvit and Ornamental Tn Shrubs, ^c. STEPHEN F. MILLS in (lale Pri-.rc & Mills) prop) o' tlie extensive Nursery at -^^ in.=r, l-nng Island, near New' " ^^^1?^#!i^rSgi6„ oiTirlhiir very choice and _ , . , „, . i-v T. 1 1 rx ro;/ff^!07iof Fruit Trees ol all the various kind? 1» _ I Eccentnck Character.— Dr. Robert Honyman, a | ,^^y ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ,, i,,,.;^ ,,cr.wnnl atienlw-n. hut A stranger was conversing with Lord North in i native of Scotland, once a surgeon in the British : j,j,yg the still greater adrantage of being ingiafli I: a public room, and opposite to them was a party of ladies. "Pray, my lord," said the gentleman, who is that large ugly woman I see yonder ?" " That," said his lordship, " is lady North" " My dear lord," said the gentleman, confused at liis unfortunate observation, and making an effort to correct it, " I mean the lady who stands next her" "That lady," said his lordship, " is my daughter," The gentle- man was now speechless. "Come, come," said Lord North, smiling with his usual good nature, when he observed his confusion, " you have made; navy, and afterwards holding the same rank in the , bearing Trees whose acciiiary has been lestid, U American navy, died on the 31st ult. in Virginia, I therefore solicit with the fullest confidence the pab> ap-ed 77 years. The doctor had a large estate to '; age "I'the public. ,? -L , • . ■ -11 -1 r J 1 The frees, Shrubs, &c. are m the most thrifty J dispose of, and on opening his will, it was found to ^^^^^^^ ^,^j^^ j^^ ^„^^g, ,„g^^ „f ^^^^y 3^,^ j,^ ^^ contain the following bequest : guaranteed, and Ihe same attention observed iu the "I also given and bequeath to my son my ther- fectlon as if the purchasers were present. mometer, my diploma of doctor ofPhysick, also] Orders will rt-ceivc faithful and prompt alteiiti a human rib, which will be found in a small trunk and catalogues tumished on ap,.liration to HENRI , ^ •., . » .1 , I 11 1 BILLINGS, agent lor the proprietors, .No. Mi W in my chest, with my earnest request that ho n-ill "'';"|" ' ° ^ .> ' ' «• carefully keep the said rib, which is of James the Fifth, kihg of Scotland, and transmit it to Iiis de- ept. ^. an ingenious but unfortunate effort to get out of a | scendants.' scrape. I forgive yo\i,for I believe Lady North and I are as plain a couple as any in England." We perceive that the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures, offer a pre- /jKi'irtH Ci'sten.— It was a few years since, audi mium of '0 dollars, for the most successful ex- probably now is,a custom of the Mohawk Indians, periment in breeding and fatting fish in fresh water to bury their dead in a sitting posture, and with ponds for market. The exhibition of this Society their faces to the east. The occasion of this was i* to be at Pawtuxet on the 9th and 10th of Octo- a tradition, that at some future day, a great man ; ber. ()::5=CASH will be paid at this office, for the foltr ing numbers of the New England Farmer, 40, 43, ■ ■iii, vol. iv. .^'Published every Friday at Three Dollar- pff i num, payable at thi end ot ihe year — but those » pay within sixty days from the lime of subscribing 1 entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procufi'_/!?7 responsible sulist*il> are entitled 'o a sirlli volume gratis. , New suhscribeis can be furnished wih the pW" ing numbers of Ihe current volume. NEW ENGLAND FAllMEli. Fublislied by Jun.> Ij. Rpsskll at the coiner of Coiign-ss and Lindiill Streets, (ciitr;iniH- from l.inliill Street).— Tmi>ma.s G. rFssENDE.\, Editor.' VOL. y. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOiiEll 20, I82(j. INo. 1:3. O.N T.lK t n.lTRK OF tiK.-M'K Vl.NKS. Many gciitleiiicn in iliis ncigliborliood luivo giv- in consiJernble attention to tlie cultivation of ■ rapes in tiic open air upon open trellises, and onie have succeeded remarkably well, altliough hey have had to contend with the many difficul- ies, whi.-h that delicate and delicious fruit is sub- ect to in this climate. Having given some personal attention to this ruit for several years, 1 am satisfied that it can be aiscd in great perfection, and with little trouble 0 the cultivator, if he set out right in the first in- tance, and follow up tlie system prescribed, with ttcntion and care. Although most men, who have any knowledge in orticulturc, know more or loss respecting tlie node of cultivating this plant — yet there are many lew beginners^ who may collect some hints from heso ni.tos, which may aid them in the outset ; nd many gentlemen who have been long in the labit of raising grapes in their gardens, may ch- ain some information as to the means of preserv- ng the plan's from the destructive insect which las of late years attacked the vines, and destroy- d the promise of their early growth and the fair ppearance of their I'ruit. The best treatises on the subject of raising jrape vineS, recommend planting the cuttings in ,,ots, — but in this country it is entirely unnecessa- •y, as the plants may be easily raised in the open rrounds with little trouble and no expense; and f we can add to our collection of fme fruits, one, vhich in sickness as well as in health, is the most •efreshins and nutritive of any that we po>>ac3.s, ■vith little expense and even witli profit to the cul- ivator, we shall do a great good. The best mode of raising the plants is by cut- :ings taken from the vines at the Pall pruning, and preserved in earth till spring. These may be made either of one eye or bud, or of four or five, attached to a small portion of the two years old wood, forming a cutting in the shape of a small mallet. The 1st year. — They may be raised in a small (nursery bed, prepared of a good light soil — set in the ground six inches distant from each other, witi, the rows wide cnounh apart to permit them to be weeded with a narrow hoe ; or, they may be put in the first instance, where they are to be reared, and left to grow, at the distance of five, six, or seven feet, or more according to the wislies of the cultivator. In this latter case there should be three cuttings puc into each spot six incl}es apart, to insure the setting of one. When this is ascer- tained with certaint}-, the two weakest may be withdrawn, leaving the best of the throe to grow. If the cuttings be of one eye each, they should be from the last year's growth, find a snull piece of the branch an inch long should be left attached to the bud and extending half an inch oi each side of it. — These should be planted two iirhes below the surface with the bud uppermost,- and a small stake placed by the side of them that they may not be disturbed. If the cuttings a-e of several eyes, they should he laid in the ground sloping, leavinir one eve level with, cr only just above the surface. They should be krpt moist, but not wet as tills will rot them. A sp«t which receives the morning sun till eleven o'chick, and not afterwards, is the^bost for a nursery bod for them, but for per- manency they should be planted where they will receive the sun longest, and in this case they sliould be shaded at noon day until tliey have en tirely put out. One bud only should be allowed to push from the cutting' the first year; the plant sliould be kept free from weeds ; the earth kept light around it, and as soon as the shoot has at- tained strength enough to proiluce laterals, they should be rubbed out, and the shoot tied to a small stake, by which means it will gain firmness, and the admission of the sun and air to the shoot will prepare it to bear the frost of the J'all, and pre- vent its imbibing the moisture which it would otli- erwise ha subject to, when covered with earth in tlie winter. By the 1st Nov. the shoots may be cut down to two eyes, and by the middle of the month, if it be dry weather, they may bo covered over with earth, forming a slope to cast off the wet and prevent the rains from penetrating — as the drier the plant is kept during the winter, in the better state it will be in the succeeding spring. The '■id ijcar. — The plants should not be uncov- ered in this climate till the middle of April. — Those from the nursery should now bs transplant- ed to the places where they are to remain ; a shoot from each eye should be permitted to pus^h, but as soon as you have ascertained which of the two will be the strongest and tlie best situated, you will preserve that and rub out the other. The shoot preserved yon will be careful to tie up to a small stake as soon as it has length enough for this purpose, to prevent its being broken by the wind or other casualty. During tlie summer, the laterals from the four or five lowest buds must be rubbed out, and the shoot be carefully protected by being kept tied every eight or ten inches. The nc.\t Fall you may cut this slioot down to two buds, (not counting the one in the crotch of the plant between the old and nev/ wood), and cov- er over as before. The iitl year. — You will allow shoots to push from both the eyes, and suffer them to grow, tak- ing care of them as recommended above; but the bud in the crotch must be rubbed out. This year you ntust rub out the laterals from the five lowest buds, and nip in the other laterals to one eye, so that if the plant grows luxuriantly the sap may burst from the buds of the laterals, and not from those of the main branch, as it would do if the vine was dressed too close. Be careful to keep the branches tied up that they may not be broken. In November, cut down the two branches as follows : the most feeble of the two, to two buds, to produce wood branches the succeeding season ; and the strongest, to three buds, for fruit branches, and cover them as usual. The Ath year. — If you keep your vines properly dressed, you may have your first fruits without in- jury to your plants. After this the system to be pursued must depend on the strength of your vines, and this will depend on the goodness of the soil and the care you take of your plants. But .as a general rule, the following points must bo attend- ed to. / 1st, The number and length of your fruit branch- es uiust always depend on the strength of your plant ; the wood branches arc always to be cut down to two eyes. 2. No more branches should be Icfionths vine than it can nourish well, and abundantly; this will depend on its age, and the soil in which it grows. •'!. Tlie branches should be cut in alternately for wood and fruit blanches, observing to cut for wood branches as low down on the plant as possible, so as to renew your wood near the bottom annually. No shoots should bo permitted to grow from the old wood, unicjs wanted for this purpose. 4. No more slioots shouIJ be permitted to grow than can be laid in clear, and handsome, and with- out confusion on the trellis, and so as to admit the sun and air I'reely among the branches. 5. The laterals should be rubbed out of the wood branches six or eight eyes high, and those that are permitted to remain should be pinched into one bud. The laterals on the fruit branches should be rubbed out from the insertion of the shoot to the uppermost fruit inclusive, and the others pinched in as above. If the shoots are very strong, the up- per laterals may be allowed to grow, to take up a greater portion of the sap ; but this should not be done unless there is danger of the eyes bursting in the main shoots. Be careful always to keep the shoots tied up near their top. 6. Never leave more than five good eyes on a fruit bearing branch, unless your vine is confined to a narrow space, and you are obliged to preserve only two or three fruit branches ; iii this case the length of the braucli must correspond to the nour- ishment it will receive from the plant. Select the roundest and fairest branches for fruit, and the lowest v:;!d most feeble for wood. The closer the buds are together, or the shorter the joinU of the branch, the better they are for fruit ; these may in general be cut to three, four, or five eyes ac- cording to their strength. But in vineries cover- ed with glass, where two fruit bearing branches only are left on strong vines ; — twenty, thirty, and forty buds are sometimes left on fruit branches. The foregoing rules will be suflicient for any one to build up a vineyard sufficiently large to supply himself — his friends, and the market with grapes. But to promote and forward their matu- rity and size, the following course may be pursu- ed. The first of July you will be able to see the state of your fruit, w hich will be just formed. At this time select the highest fruit branches and those which have the finest appearance of fruit upon them, and perform the following operation on the two years old wood, from wdiich these branch- es proceed, taking care not to cut below any of the wood branches. Take a pruning knife with a smooth edge, and hawk's bill, and pass it round the branch where the bark is clear from knots, cutting deep enough to reach the sap wood of the plant ; at a quarter or 3-Sth3 of an incli below the first cut make an- other, running parallel with the first ; then make a perpendicular cut through this section of the bark the same depth, and you may take out the ring of bark clear from the branch. This will not prevent the sap rising into the upper part of the branch, but it will prevent its descending below this cut, by whieli jjieans it will be retained in, 98 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 9.0. 1P0«. and distnbnte J throughout the upper part of the them, as they lly off on the vines being touchea. hranch, ina greater portion than it cnuld other- They are yellow, striped with brown across the wise be, and the branches and fruit will both in- back. The moment the smoke ascends, tlie wing- crease in she much more than any of those that ed insects quit the leaves and fall to the ground ■ are not thus treated, and the maturity of the fruit dead or alive: the young ones perish, but the old-| will be advanced very much. er ones will revive if not destroyed in their torpid , This has been denominated Girdling. If the state. To effect this, you have only to cover the I plant is very vigorous and the season very favoura- ground under the tent with a piece ot wet cloth ble, the wound will soon be closed, so that it may before you begin to smoke, to which they adhere be necessary to open it a second time. This pro- until the tent is removed, and they are revived by cess does not injure the plant, as you only girdle the atmospheric air ; to prevent which you will the fruit bearing branches, which you would in roll, or twist, the cloth each lime that you remove any case cut outsat tlie FmII pruning, to make room the smoke-house, or tent, and replace it again each for the branches which you have been bringing time before you smoke, by which means they will forward to give you fruit the succeeding year.— be effectually destroyed. This simple and cheap This may be kept up from year to year, and give operation will keep your vines clear of this trou- you a succession of ripe fruit from the 1st of Sept. blesome and destructive insect,and you may, if the to the close of the season. The fruit on those season be warm, insure a good harvest ; if other- branches which are not girdled will ripen the lat- wise, you will le sure, if the vines be girdled, to est of coyrse, but neither these, nor those which j ripen a portion of your fruit, at least. — Mass. Ag. have been girdled, should be shortened, as is cus- tomary on vines not thus treated. By this practice, which was first suggested in the transactions of the Horticultural Society of London a few years since, and first brought into use in this country with success by the correspond- ing secretary of your society, I have raised grapes in the open air this year, the bunches of which weighed from eight to twenty eight ounces ; and the berries measuring from two to three inches in circumference. On one vine which I planted a few years since, a ctitting in the spot where it now grows, I had seventy bunches of fine chasselas, weighing from eight te eighteen ounces each. But the grape vines have of late years been at- tacked by a small insect which makes its appear- ance first in June — but is most abundant in Au- meadows and fields situated without the line tm Paragreles, there only fell upon the vines soinl flakes of snow, or rather of a watery substanc^ softer than snow. An hour afterwards anothe; .cloud crossed the same vineyards, and presentei the same phenomenon. '4 Repository, vol. vi. p'lge 66. PARAGRELES. Paragreles when made in the simplest manner, consist of wooden poles from 3.5 to 50 French feet high, fixed in the firmest manner in the ground ; on the top of which is fi.xed a sharp point of yel- low brass wire, about the eighth of an inch in di- ameter ; to the bottom of this is fixed by means of a ring, another yellow brass wire, about a si.x- teenth of an inch in diameter, continued all the way along this pole to three or fonr feet under the groun'], and fixed to the poles by small wire sta- ples. By this description it will be seen that Paragre- les are merely lightning rods made in the simplest and cheapest form, by which it is proposed to dra ;. mi ■ • . Ti ri 1 • J 1 ii down the electric fluid Irom the clouds, and by gust. This insect, if left to increase, destroys the "'"" ""' '■" . , r •■ n -i ^ ' .< |.]^gj means to prevent the formation ot hail. The Paragreles ought to iie placed at the dis- tance of 450 Flemish feet from one another. — vegetating principle in the leaf, and the plant languishes, the fruit mildews, and the labour and care of the cultivator is lost. Some gentlemen have abandoned their vines in consequence of the depredations of this insect, and others with great labour, and expense of time, have attempted, but in vain, to destroy them with alkalies and tobacco juice. This has to be sure operated to check them , , , j . .u . •^ .. „ , . . (T . 11 m 1 .1 • „„ii , wherever they are placed, to warn the country partially, but not effectually. To remedy this evil , ■' .i , ■ .. ^ , ■' ,' , 11 1 I . r . 1 „ 'people not to go too near them during storms. vou have only to make a small light frame twelve r'- i' , T , . , ■ r. i ■ n ' e > f . 1 -.If r u;„,.' Repeated trials in America, in Italy, in France, or fourteen teet long, in the lorra ot a soldier si '^ . ' , _ tent — but with hinges of leather where the top When any tall trees happen to be growing where the pole ought to be placed, the trees may be made use of instead of erecting a pole. It is not neces- sary to say that as the Paragreles are intended to draw do'vn electricity, care ought to be taken, I and in SwitL-.erlaud, rec'onimend strongly Paragre .,..,•.. u L . „ allies tothc attention of agriculturists. Mr Thol- loiDs so that this tent may be shut up, or openeil I, , _ . , ,, i n. -i i * m i ■',,,,,, , •,;, ' • „ ,„ I lards, Prolessor of Natural Piiilosophy at Tarhes, at the bottom to any width you may require, ac- , . , ' , „ .u . i u i 1- , .1, u • u. (• . 11- rru- V u. I in the Upper Pyrenees, says that he has seen d.ur cording to the height of your trellis. This light i ! "> ^[y i ,■■. , i .u c L-u 1 ^11 J rii rui ine SIX successive stoiins whicn took place there, frame, which should be made ot slats ot boards >= , „r , ,^ , ,. ' . ^ . , , , , 1 ! 53d of Arrll, 8th of May, 3d, 15th, 16th, and 1-th, from one to two inches broad, may be covered! ' /' '^u n • ,. ij -1 u 1 1 .. 1 t\ June, 1624, some districts, covered with I'aragre- with an old sail, or some cheap glazed cotton cloth ! , > '-^ ') ; ' ^ ■ ». ij, ,•■,•„'., 1 1 ■ 1 ., L 1 es, preserved, as 11 by enchantment, lu the middle which will stop the smoke, leaving cloth enough <=> (""="<=• ""^ i ■',.,, ■ , lm . u j 1 » 1 J . 1 1 ...V of other districts in which the inhabitants had not loose at each end, to close over, and iirevent the I , , . , , ■ . , .. ■ J. • 1, .1 t » ■ ,„„„, I taken the same precaulion, and which latter were smoke from escaping when the tent is spread over ,, , . , ^ ,, . . n- .i.„..„ii:„ 'totally laid waste. Mr Astolfe, engineer, saw in the monfli of June, 1824, two frightful stormy RULES FOR ASCERTAINLNG A HORSE'S^ AGE. Yearlings aod two jearolds are alike in thi mouth, and must be .judged by general appearance At three years old the horse has four horsi teeth two above and two belovv-, in front of the mouth, which supply the place of the sucking teeth. A^ four he has eight horse teeth, four above and four] below, having the corner teeth only sucking teethJ Al five years old these are gone, and the mouth i& up — that is, all the teeth are horse teeth, and thm tusk is up on each side of the mouth. A darW mark, or hollow, is generally observable in all th* teeth in the bottom jaw at just five years old, anO^ the tusks are concave in the inner surface. At six, the middle teeth have quite lost this mark, ani the tusk is higher up, and longer, and not so con-fl cave. At seven, the next two teeth have lost U,J and the corner teeth only have the mark left in., them. At eight it has grown out of these, and no mark is left at all. The tusks are also become longer, and instead of being concave in their inner: surface become convex — the horse is then termed' aged. There is a great deal of difference in the> mouths of horses — some have lost the mark in a\\,^ except tlie corner teeth, even as early as five yearsj old — others have the front teeth in the top jaw' projecting over the bottom teeth, at the same agef » ^H 1 rJHf i the trellis A few tobacco stalks moistened and put on some coals in a pan, will be sufficient to smoke the vines thoroughly : and as the tent is easily moved along the trellis on some small wheels, one man may, in a few hours, extirpate this enemy of the vineyard. Vines that are already attacked by this insect to any great degree should be smoked in June, July, and twice in August, or ottener if yon find the iu^ i sect is not completely destroyed. ' The insects are first seen on the under part of; the leaf, without wings — very active but easily j destroyed if touched. TJiey afterwards assume the , winged state, wljcn it is very difficult to get at | clouds, wliich poured down an immense quantity of hail upon a considerable extent of country, which passed harmlessly over a space furnished with Paragreles. There only fell some large hail stones between the first and second line of Para- greles, but in the interior there was only seen, to the great astonishment of the spectators to fall in the place of hail stones, drops of the consistence of snow. The Journal du Commerce of Lyons, of 3d August 1825, contains a fact precisely similar, which happened to the vineyards of Corsier. — Whilst tjie hail fell in great abundance upon the — and I have seen horses at seven years oltl, with; the corner teeth appearing like those of a five»t year old. You may form some idea of the agei from tiie appearance of the mouth in general,! when the marks are no longer visible. If the cor-* ner teeth do not appear long, and running forwardl as it were, to the front of the mouth — if they re- tain their square shape, and shut well together— if the tusks are not blunt, and have the least con- cavity in their inner surface, you may conclude that the horse is not very old, particularly if hia head is not grey, and not very hollow above the eyes — though this latter shape sometimes exist) in youni^ horses. A concnve tusk is the most cer- tain criterion of youth, and as mares have no tusi at all, they m:ist be judged with reference to wha' i we have said about the corne.' teeth. It is hero > I necessary to rcention that the difficulty of acquir- ' I iiig an accurate knowledge of the age of horses by ! their teeth, is very much increased by the tricks, that are practised. ' It is generally allowed that no horses are fit to work tiU at least five years old ; and it is a com- ' mon custom with great breeders in the north of- England, and with many dealers, to pull out the sucking teeth when the animal is rising four years old — the mouth is forced by these means, for the . horse teeth succeeding soon after the operation, the animal appears to be a five-years-old. To de- tect such deception regard must be paid to the tusk. Every horse, upon attaining the full age of five, has the tusk completely up on each side of ' the mouth ; hut in forcod five-year-old mouths the tusk is only just making its way through the gums. There frequently exists also in the latter an ir- regularity in the front teeth, as well .as a back- wardness in the g'owth of the tusk — Forced mouths vary in their appearance according to the Vol. V No. in. NEW ENGLAND FAUM^.U. fl9 QC of I'orl'on.img llie operation — ami the habit I observing horses' moutlis will alone enable you lascertiiia where any artitice has been practised. From the Esstx Register. ATTLK SHOW & FAIR AT DANVERS. he Anu'jal Kxhibition of Cattle, Manufactures, d Ploughinn; Match, for the County of Esse.x, k place at the South Parish, in Danvers, on ur,s.l,.y, tlic 12th inst. "h'^ lay was favourable for the purpose, and the ubition as a whole, decidedly superior to that my preceding year made by the Society. The number of cattle exhibited was not so large uas desirable, and as it ought to have been in ounty of Essex ; but the quality of the ani- ls in a good degree balanced their deficiency niuubers. Tliere were 5 Bulls, 3 Bull Calves, 6 h Cows, air of Steers,.") parcels of weaned Pigs, 2 Boars, t wore exhibited for premium, besides several er j.ri; e animals, that were presented for Exhi- lon oidy. The Nurse Cow, now owned by Col. kering, to which the 1st premium was awarded uperior to any other Cow within our knowl- le. From her milk, during the space of 73 days the months of April, May, and June last, was de 154 pounds of butter, of the best quality. — Cow, ](j years old, owned by Mr Sibley of Sa- 1, was exhibited, which it is said, gave the past son, 3!l27 pounds of milk in 119 days, averag- 33 lbs. per day. She is also said not to have n iiy for the last 10 years, more than 4 weeks iny one time. The Ploughing Match was per- med to tlie entire satisfaction of all who witnes- it. It was equal to any one we have ever seen. soon as opportunitv can be had for preparing Reports of the several Committees they will publio'ied. The folio-', in? is believed to be an accurate dement of the jr^iuiums awarded : — On the Manaf!;f7nent of Farms. Col. Moses Newell of \ ■ . Newbury 1st premium $35 isrs. Jacob and Puluam Perlty of Newbury 2d premium 30 David Gray of \ndover 3d premium 25 [h. Pearson of VV. Newbury Ith premium 2 ij. T. Reed Esq. iVIarlileheaci 5th j,reraiDm 15 ac Patch of Katniltou Bth premium 10 On Edve Stock. Col. Jesse Putnam of Da.vers 1st prem. Jor a Bull of the Sandwich hreeJ 19 mo. old 15 pt. S. Abbot of Audover 2(1 prun. for a Bull 10 eph Smith of Gloucester for a Bull of very large size a gratuity of 5 th. Kelly of .''alem for a very superior bull alf, 8 mo. old a sratuilyof 3 1. Pickering of Salem for Milch Cow Ist prem. 15 Ward Pool jr. of Danvers, for a Milch Cow >d prem. 10 Ih. Peirce of Palem for a heifer 1st prem. 10 1. Jtsse Putnam of Danvers for a beautilul leifcr calf a °;ratuity of rley Tapley ot Datn'rs 1st prem. for Steers a Tapley of Danvers 1st prem. for Pigs 10 ward Southark of Danvers 2d do do 7 hua L. Newhall and Asa T. Newhall jr. of Lynnfield 3d df do m. VV. Little of Dauvers a gratuity for Pigs 4nd a Boar, of 3 muel Hood of Topsfield, a gratuity for a Roar, of 2 or raising Potatoes from the seed, the 1st premium $10 was awarded to Mr Asa Perley of Box^rd. and atuity of $2 was given to Mr Daniel Putnam of lOTers for tBe-same object. On Ptouglditg and fforking Oxen. For Double Teams, To Asa Tapley, of Danvers, 1st prrniium 20 Jesse Putaam of Dauvers, 2d prem. 1.'; George Town, of Danvers 3d prem 10 Por Single Teams, Perley Tapley, of Danvers, 1st prem. 15 Daniel Putnam, of Dauvers, 2d prem. lU Rev. Mr Loring of Andover, 3d prem. 5 On Manufactures. To Miss Hannah .Abbott, of Andover, for a piece of Carpeting, 1st prem. 6 Mrs Sophia Walker, of Danvers, for do. 2d prem. 3 Miss Nancy Endicott, of Danvers, for a Grass Bon- net of very superior quality, 1st prem. 5 For il Bonnets, manufactured by young ladies in Marblehead and exhibited by Dr Meriam $1 to each of the manufactures, 11 To Elizabeth Little of Newbury for 6 pair of three threaded Worsted Hose a prem. 2 Miss Little of Newbury for the best Cotton Counter- pane 2 The Misses Johnsons of Newbury aged 10 & 12 years, for a very neat Hearth Rug, wrought at Mrs Page's School 1st prem. 4 Miss Joanna Adams of Newbury for 4 pair of Linen Hose neatly made 2 .Mrs Abigail Biicket of Newbury for a woollen Shawl 1 Elizabeth T. Somerby of Newburyport for a lace veil 2 Mary Jane Nichols Evans of Danvers aged 7 years for a Gown and Cap very neatly wrought at Miss Winchester's School 2 Mrs Little of Newbury for a piece of Cloth made in the family for Ladies' wear 2 For some handsome specimens of Lace exhibited by Mr Baker of Ipswich a gratuity of 3 For some Boots and Shoes neatly manufactured by Mr Elisha Hood of Haverhill 2 For a coverlet made by Miss Hannah Abbott of An- dover ... . .2 For a specimen of Fringe made by Mrs Oilman of Newbury a gratuity of 2 Some fine specimens of Mustard, made from American Seed. W! re exhibited by Mr John P. Webber, of Beverly, and Captain Abner Sanger, of Danvers. r;ol. Nathl. Felton. jr. exhibited a parcel of Squash- es, in nuinber about 30. that iTew from one seed the present season, weighii.g 377 pounds. For the best exhiliition of Sole Leather, four parcels of 10 sides nai ii being produced, the premiums were awarded as follow- : To Mr (aleh L Frost. 1st prem. $10 Col. Caleb I owe. > each a 2d prem. iWr \ndrc wTarr. S of 5 At the Annual Meeting of the Society, in the afternoon, the former officers were re-elected, excepting those who had previously declined. The place for the next Exhibition is to be de- termined by the Trustees. It will probably be in West Newbury, this having been the understand- ing of the Society the last year. The following genllemon aae elected officers of the Plymouth county Agricultural Society for the ensuing year: President. Hon. Damki, Howard, Wowt Bridgowater. yice Presidents. Abiki. Washhurm and Calkb Howakd. Corresponding Sccrctan). Hon. Kilborn Whitman. Recording Secretary. John Thomas Esq. Treasurer. Hon. \yilliam Bourne. Trustees. Abiezer Alger, Esq. Daniel Mitchell, Esq. Hon. John Thomas, Maj. Thomas Drew, Joshua Eddy, Jr. Esq. Hon. Benjamin Ellis, Samuel A. Frazer, Esq. Maj. Nathaniel Haskell, Jr. Thomas Hobart, Esq. Silvanus Laj.ell, Esq. Jonathan Parker, Esq. and Jared Whitman Esq. SLIGHT BUILDING. Nothing can be said in mitigation of the inex- cusable neglect of the Common Council of New- York, in permitting, as they at present do, our houses to he put together after such a flimsy paste- board and job-contracting fashion, that the lives of the citizens are every moment jeopardized. I look upon the persons who erect those cobweb ed- ifices, as guilty of a high-banded misdemeanor against the rights and privilges of the community. In former years a better spirit prevailed. Our nu- merous churches, and the faithful and elegant manner in which they have been constructed, show, that although we may offer up too many sacrifices upon the altars of mammon, we wish at least to be thought the worshippers of a Christian Deity. — ,/V. Y. Inquirer. The number of pupils in the Primary Schools of Boston, according to the report of the semi- annual examination made at a meeting on Tues- day evening amounts to three thousand and four- teen. The children instructed at the Primary Schools, are between the ages of 4 and 7. The work on the Worcester and Providence Canal is to be prosecuted through the winter. Vresiient Mams arrived at New- York on Mon- day luorning, on his way to the seat of govern- ment. [scraps from ENGLISH PAPERS.] Mr Ellis, the celebrated hop grower, has, at this time, upwards of four thousand poor persons em- ployed in picking and drying hops, in his very ex- tensive gardens at Barming, near Maidstone, Kent. They are principally from London and its neigh- bourhood. The hops were never finer or more abundant than this season has produced. [Courier] Mr H. Ling, the agriculturist of Whitshire, Eng- land, cut and carried his crop this season, from 570 acres, in nine days. A number of weavers from Blackburn, have em- barked for America. Others are expected to fol- low. The demand for home consumption is reviving in England. Gold is ariiving in great quantities in England. It is supposed that more money is lost and won within tlie year in London at the different gaming houses, than three times the yearly revenue of the United States. The skull of Pope has been dug up in Twicken- ham Church, and casts from it aie selling in Lon- don. One hundred guineas have been transmitted to the ( Committee for distressed printers, by Mr Clem- ent, the proprietor of the Chronicle and Observer newspaper. A Biographical Memoir of General Wolfe, with a collection of his letters, is about to be published in London. During the cry of Goold ! Goold ! (the name of the manager) at the Opera House, London, a Frenchman in the gallery observed, " Dese Eng- lish be ever crying for de money." 100 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 20, ISStl. Abridged notices, from the Bulletin des Selences, , Tlie only part usRcl for fine braiJ is that which ex- for the Hampshire Gametic. ' tends from the head to near the first joint; the — , part between the first and third joints is reserved CUBE FOR HOVF.N ANIMALS. I for common braids. M. Fournier presented sam- When animals have eaten too great a qnantity pics of the straw, unprepared, to Mr. Salisbury of of fresh plants, they become swelled, and often die England. in a few hours for want of proper treatment of the 1 cochineal. disease. In some countries they make a puncture This insect, from which a well known, valuable, into the abdomen and intestines, and thus let off scarlet dye is obtained, and the nopiil or prickly the gas wliich distends the stomach and bowels ; ' pear, on which the insect is reared, have been in- but this operation is attended with inconvenience troduced into Malaga in Spain. The cochineal and danger. As the distention is caused by the i has increased there wonderfully and Spain has now carbonic acid gas which is produced by the fer- j one production which is possessed by no other Eu- inentation of herbage in the stomach, nothing is j ropean nation. more efficacious than to make the animals swallow ' [Cochineal is commonly 4 or 5 dollars per pound, a substance with wliich the gas will combine. A I and sometimes much hijher,but this cultivation re- spoonful of ammoniac mixed with a glass of water i quires so much care and labour, that it would not and given to the animal will absorb the gas in the ' be profitable in any country where the time and stomach, and effect a speedy cure. M. Thenard labour oi' men might be turned to account. The has made use of ammoniac for 14 hoven cows, and 'greatest part of tiie cochineal employed in com- this method has perfectly succeeded with 13 of inerce is produced in the province of Oaxaco in them ; the otiier two perished because tlie ammo- , Mexico, where it lias been cultivated by tiie \ivM- niac was employed too late. Another person has , aiis for centuries. The nopal is not allowed to used ammoniac with two cows, and both were ini- ■ grow higher than four feet, that it may be the more mediately cured. ' easily cleared of insects that devour the cochineal. [Perliaps otlier alkalies will be as effectual as am- , The Indian women take a squirrel's tail for that moniac. The New England Farmer (No. 2.5, Vol. 1 ) ■ purpose, and squat down for hours together beside recommend.s a dose of lye, made with potash, pearl- one plant. In some places there are three cochi ash, or house ashes.] ; neal harvests in a year. A pound of cochineals THF. OLIVE TREE. IJust hatched, placed on the nopals in October, rjM ■ ^ ■ , , c. ui .., ■ sometimes yield a harvest of 12' pounds in Janua- 1 his tree is much less profitable to the propne- i , n .i ii . . .i . ,, , , , nil r> 11 c- ^, 1 ry- In some villages they seldom get at one gath- tor than wo had supposed. The Bulletin snys that . ,, '\ •^ „ .. " ,, .... ., „ . „ , . ., ^ ■ ,, , ,. ering more than three or four times the quantity the irost often deprives the farmers in the south of .. , . , , T-, „., /• 1 !• 1 of cochineal sown, r ranee of tlie crop of olives for several years in; succession ; and that the man who plants an olive- ; J-rom the JVovascotian. orchard cannot expect to get his capital again and I 5 per cent, interest during his whole life. In the department of Var, a frost on the 20lh of May, 1822, injured the olive-tree so much that Vliere was ; ,y},ici, the attention of our Farmers is directed, I no crop until 182.';. The olive proprietors com- „„, ^uch surprised that no one has thought it of plain that they are too heavily taxed. | sufficient importance to inform the Province upon I'ARS.Nirs. I the cultivation of Fruit Trees. This climate is well The British island of Guernsey, near the coast '''^=^P''='* *""''''"= '"•""""- of apples, pears, plums, ofFrance, is famous for the culture of parsnips.— ^"''"'^"y "'her fine varieties of fruit; but from The product per acre is 44,000 pounds, or near 20 ^''^ ''"'"^ attention which is paid to the trees ; to tons. Some of the roots are IG inches in diameter, pruning and cuttinsr off the rotten wood; to graft- Thc farmers of Guernsey prefer this plant to the i"? and budding ; and to modes by which the ON GATHERING FRUIT. Mh Editor, — Among the improvements, to carrot, turnip, and potato. They fatten hogs and cattle with parsnips, and give thern to their milch- cows and horses. This root fermented furnishes also a kind of wine. LEGHORN STRAAV. fruit of England, as well as of America, has boon so much improved in character, I am inclined to believe tliat in many Counties, the stock of trees is rather deteriorating than improving. If any 1 gentleman of competent knowledge would turn his attention to this subject, and communicate a M. Fournier, of Geneva, visited Florence in few practical letters to the public papers, it w^ould 1823, and made inquiries respecting the bearded be of incalculable service. wheat of Tuscany. He says this wheat is culriva- ; In some few places there are orchards which led both for bread, and for the manufacture of; would be creditable to any country. In Annapolis, i straw braid; in some parts of the valley of the Arno, ' I am told, that they raise fruit, which at Halifax, | between Pisa and Florence it is cultivated for the ; is said to be as well flavoured, as fine to the eye straw only. The seed is sown very thick in poor, ! as juicy, and which keeps equally as well through I stoiiy^ land ; when the grain has grown to the | the winter, as any that comes from the United height of a few inches, it is mown, that the stalks | States. In this district too I have seen as fine ap- may be more delicate ; if they are still too large ' pics as man could desire ; and in fact the crop in they are mown again, and if necessary, two or j general is far from being despicable; but from the three times more ; when the stems are sufficiently ! want of a little care, they are generally ruined in fine, they are suffered to grow, and as soon as the the gathering, and will scarcely keep a month bo- plants are in blossom, the grain being yet in the i fore they begin to rot and be totally unfit for use. Hiilk, they are pulled up ; they are then exposed I The iisuarpractice of gathering the orchards in to the sun upon the sand near the river, and water- the country is to shake the trees and pick the fruit cd from time to time. After the straw has ac- from the ground. Those kept for family use are quired a proper color, it is carefully assorted ac- gathered into bags, and these afterwards piled cording to the fineness and lennth of the stalk.— [away into some dark garret or cellar ; while those which are intended for sale are first squee/.ed into a bag, which to make it hold well is duiichtd on the ground as if they were packing a flour sack ; the bag in this state the first time the gude-man wants to come to market, is then put across a horse's back ; and the owner cocked John a Gil- pi'.i-wise on the top of it, makes it serve as a seat, and w hat with swinging on the horse's sides, and the friction of the rider's seat, the poor, harm- less apples get a sore pummelling. No won- , der their pretty red cheeks are varied with blue ;' and tlicir white skins covered with bruises. Flesh and bone could'nt stand such jolting without fes- tering or mortifying ; and it could'nt be expected that apples would survive it. Setting joking asiile, I really cannot conceive any practice more egregiously wrong than that- whicli I have just now mentioned. It is contrary to all the analogies of Nature, and the experience of good farmers. In the part of the liOthians where I came from, the best farmers are so careful of those turnips which they wish to keep over the winter by preserving in heaps, tliat in pulling them, they will not suffer them, for the sake ofexpeili- ting the work by gathering in piles, to be thrown about in the field ; for it is found invariably, tliat if a turnip be bruised in the pulling, it will not only rot itself in the heap, hut infect its neigh- bours. And in p'.itting potatoes into their cellars or into clay heaps, it is a general rule, that no potato which has been cut or bruised, by the fork or hoe in digging will be put into the cart, as they are found to rot almost immediately, and to spoil ten times over their value. Now if such care is necessary to keep potatoes and turnips uninjured, and is found by judicious farmers to be profitable, surely apples, which are of a more tender nature, demand even more care. The only way to get superior fruit is to let the apples or pears ripen and mellow upon the tree. — Now by this plan of gathering which is usually adopted in our province, it is quite impossible to do this, for fine fruit, perfectly ripe and full of juices, if shook from the branch to the ground, would be converted into a lump of slush ; and hence fruit in this province is usually secured be- fore it has come to maturity. This is another rea- son for its general inferiority. To remedy these evils, a slight reference to the practice of other countries and a little more care among ourselves is all that is required. In Colu- mella, Varro and all the old Roman agricultural writers, I have been told, there are accurate di- rections to be found for the management of the orchard and in particular for the gathering of the fruit. In England and in the States I know they are just as particular in this as they are in the choice of their grafts, or in cleaning and pruning j their trees in the spring. A farmer, with whom I "; am acquainted, once told me that while in the States he received the following practical direc- tions from an old friend of his : — "The mode in which I gather my fruit is as fol- lows. After the apples on the tree have become perfectly ripe and mellow, on a clear, sunshine day, I turn out all my children and servants. Eve- ry one of them is provided with a small basket and ladder, and being each appointed to a tree, some- times two or three to one, they begin to fill their basket by hand picking ; and if any apple should chance to slip through their fingers and fall to the ground, this is put into a different place for imme- diate use, as I have always found that a bruised Ic, it ini\e.l witii ti heap ol' pcrleot ones, will irc tlie sale of tUe wliole ; sheets are laid upon erounil, and as tlie baskets arc filled, tlieir iteiits ^ire carried, sproiul ont, and atler lying in sun tor an lioiir or two, till tliorouglily i!ry, y are then put by haiul/ulh into dry barrels, ri straw at the head and bottom — after they closed up, tliey arc then fit for market. 1 e some trees in my oichard which are so mucl; 3ciiip(t, that I niJikc their fruit be picked singly, brlbrc put into a barrel are each surrounded 1 surill slip of paper. Nothing but cider ap- ! sliould ever be shook from tne tree, allowed le in heaps, or be carried in bags.'* 1 the directions which are given above there is ink perliaps too much particularity, but if they e in pari followed by our farmers it would not : be to their own credit ; but would really be their interest. Good apples are now selling at 'Js to 33 a bushel, just about the value of itoes, whereas, if they were gathered so as to p during the winter and packed in barrels they Id more i-eadily coaiimnd three times the i e. Your very obedient servant, ! ictou, Sept. 2(). X. j Vol. V— N'o.lS. NEW ENGLAND FAUMEU. REMEDY THE DEFICIENCY OP THE HAY CROP. he crop of liay has been so light throughout Province in the last summer, that every means ht to be adopted to supply the deficiency, which unavoidably be lelt during the iijiproaching ter. From tlie fine and provi tential rains, in latter part of the season, the second crop, or t is called, the after math, is uncommonly hea- I have lately been on a Tour to the Eastward was ipiite delighted with the fresli, verdant beautiful appearance of the grass fields. A discovery in Agriculture will enable our far- i, by the proper use of their second crop, to edy the insufficiency of the first, and thus pcr- 3, to equali,-e the whole pro luct of the season, discovery, to which I allude, is extremely ole and may be practised without ditficulty. — to mix the early cut oaten straw, in alternate rs, with the second crop of grass, to build the .le in stacks or ricks, and after it stands for a .ain time, it ^niay be cut down with a hay knife used in the same proportions as hay — for the es of the young grass incorporate with the w, and thus convert the whole mixture into a itious and palatable food. Some few handfuls alt thrown in as the stack is building will prc- t the mixture from heating, and render it more ;ptablc to cattle. A celebrated farmer in the t of England has followed this practice for e years, and warmly recommends it to the at- ion of the agricultural community. By bring- it, at the present moment, to the notice of r country friends you w-ili confer a favour on n and on me. VIRGILIUS. Vuro, Sept. 18, 16-30. [Ibid.] :. -. ^ "» j who has written has thought proper to draw of it. I HELLS. i 111 the first place, the mounlaius, occupying fully We called yesterday at the store of Mr Joseph F. one third of the country, are wholly incapable of I White, Noai.'J Water street, to look at one of Mr cultivation. I Hoyt's patent Bells for Churches and otlier public Tlie Valleys it is true, are rich ; but the immense ; buildings. It is made of a bar of cast steel, shaped plains are far from being universally so, even many i in the form of a triangle, .suspended by one of the of the valleys wojld not produce without manure. J angles in a wooden frame; the hammer or clapper But the great curse and terrific scourge of this j being attached to the frame, and moved, so as to country, is drought, unremitted drought, during : strike the triangle, by a wheel and rope in the usu- !• months of the year, throughout four-fifths of the al mode of bell ringing. The value of the improve- Rcpublic ;bencc there arc few streams, and little mcnt consists in its economy. One of tlie com- "ood. . : men kind of bells costs at least seventy-jive per Water and steam po,\er arc almost unknown, cent more thin one of these, having a sound equal an= „,"..„ . 1 J 1 ,. <-iu • 1 U-. » some distinguished visitors, who attended as spec- maKe so wretched a people out of the inhabitants ^ of the United States .' No ! for rain falls there fre- quently." tators, and partakers in the solemnities and festiv- ities of the Husbandman's Holiday, added to the interest which is usually felt in this Anniversary. Among the distinguished guests wore the Presi- GRAPES. A grape vine growing in the garden o^Mr M. <^<^"' °^ t'le United States, and the Judges of the H. Tucker in Lockport,N.Y. which was taken from Supreme Court. Prince's Garden on Long Island but two years ago '^l'" exhibition of manufactures, according to in the shape of a small scion, has obtained a growth the Reports of the Committees was not equal to that renders it not only valuable for its productions, ■ ^^'''^^ '' ^^^ ^^^'^ «" ^'ome former similar occasions, out as an ornament. It has borne this season, two The exhibition of Animals according to the Re- bushels of grapes, of a large size, and of a superi- V^"^^^ of the Committee surpassed any former show or quality, that have ripened previous to the mid- of the kind ; and was highly gratifying to all who die of the present month. It is called the Isabella have at heart the prosperity of the agricultural in- Grape, and is said to be a native of the southern te^cst. states. From its peculiar fitness to our climate. The Ploughing Match was ably contested ; 11 we are led to the opinion that no species of gcape teams entering the list, but for particulars we will bette-r repay the trouble of cultivation. It may ™"st refer to the report of the Committee, be obtained by an application to Mr Tucker, who ^t 10 o'clock the society, together with their is an agent for Mr Prince, and to whom our citi- honourable guests moved in procession to the zens are already indebted for the introduction of ^""'h Meeting House. A brief and pertinent Ad- many kinds of fruit of a rare and superior quality. ' '^"'ess hy his Excellency Gov. Li.ncoln, President CLIMATE AND SOIL OF xMBXICO. xtract of a letter from an American, in one of interior towns of Mexico, to his friend in Ncw- eans : have now seen this country from Vera Cruz to ;ico, from thence to Tampico, and from Tam- , to this place. I have conversed with several have traversed it in almost every direction, I am Inst in astonishment at the exaggerated ure of fertility which almost every traveller See N. J. Farmer, vol. v. page 91 barTTey^ The demand for this grain is annually increasing, and its value increases in like proportion ; a few years ago, 40 cents per bushel wa« thought a high price ; it will now command in this market from 80 to 90 cents per bushel of 48 lbs. This advance in price is occasioned by the extensive use made of it in breweries; the high price holds out a strong inducement for farmers to raise more of it; and an increased quantity of barley being offered for sale, will probably be the occasion of still greater oper- ations by the brewers. If all our farmers would substitute beer for spirits as a summer drink, they would reap the double advantage of escaping in temperance and making a ready and profitable jenpe before mVntioned. __ .. , market for a portion of their produce.— Porfs.^/owr. j„,jtty^ ^nd patriotic toasts, were drank, which we of the Society, was succeeded by a pertinent,fervid and eloquent prayer by the Rev. John Nelso.n of Leicester. Ehory Washburn, Esq. of Leices- ter, then delivered an Address which was very fe- licitous and appropiate. The Oration extracted much humour from a dry subject ; and though his sketches were sometimes satirical, yet even the objects of his satire could not but admire the keen- ness of his shafts as well as the vigour of his bow. While he pourtrayed certain follies and foibles which mark the characters of some cultivators, he did ample justice to the good qualities, which dis- tinguish the mass of the yeomanry of New Eng- land. At 2 o'clock the Society dined together in the Town Hall, together with the strangers of emin- A number of sensible, 102 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 20, 1826. hope t9 publisli hereafter ; together with the re- of which hereafter. A fine grass bonnet ^aiid a| ports of the Committees which will furnish offi- straw tionnet, by Miss Maria Harl'.vell of Shirley. cial accounts of the praise-worthy proceedings A light blue doiim bonnet by Luciiida H. Nutting, which characterised the Farmer's Festival, as eel- 1 of Groton — down tippets and collars, artificial tlow- ebrated in the Heart of the Commonwealth of i ers, a tortoise shell comb, a pair of gloves made of Massachusetts. snet skin, linen diaper, &c. — A sample of Amen- DRif HTOM FATK AND CATTLE SHOW ^a" ^^^ dressed at Hyde Park, N. Y. without be- 'b mg u,?der fhe'ntfss.S o'™, o' r paTerJ j"." -otted-apples by t'-e Rev. .IrNo^^of Need u f n h„,<> Fvhihit;,,,, i,-is .-In^pd t ham, ha t spice apples and iialt russetings , proDa- to press, before the above J:/.\niDition uas ciosea, , ' i i-i i- .u „<■„.;„„ „f we are Compelled to confine ourselves to bnef and bly the consequence of the mi.x.ng ot the farma of ct slLches of the proceedings and displays both spec.es. Mr Noyes also e.xlubited /ears of Our om ssions wiU, we hope, be ' corn, the product of a single kernel, which produ tkfir imperfect ofthis Festival. „-. , . , , hereafter satisfactorily supplied by the Reports of ced 3bll kernels Committees, and supplementary remarks. There were se M»r.i,;nc The 18th inst was as fine a specimen of autum- among which was W .rren's rhrcsh.ng Machine nal weather as was ever e.xhibited by American | which appears to be very meritorious. It not only skies. The cattle pens, 80 in number, were all threshes but winnows grain, and may be easily so There were several newly invented machines. filled either with fine or at least fair specimens of their respective races. Of horses, we observed Cleaveland Bay, Sir Isaac, 3 years old, a gift to the Mass. Ag. Soc. by our patriotic countryman. Sir Isaac Coffin. This elegant animal cost when two years old, in England 100 giiineas. Suf- folk Light Cart-Horse, Columbus, 11 years old. constituted a:, ro cut the straw, all completed by I the same moving power. A paring plough by Col. Ben,tamin Wheeler of Framingham very useful in subluing swamp-land, &.c. At three o'clock, the Society with a number of invited guests partook of an excellent dinner at Mr Dudley's Hotel, at which Mr Lowell,President supposed to be the strongest horse in the state, of the Society presided His Excellency the Goyer- A fine Cleaveland bay mare Young Jellfounder nor was present, together with Hon. Daniel \\ eb- (from Col.JA.iUKS famous horse Bellfonnder) a'^ter, Hon. Edward Everett Hon Judge Story, fine stud-horse, owned by Samuel Jones, Charles- the Judges of the Supreme Court, &c. After the town. A fine stud horse sired by Othello. Sky- :, repast, the following toasts were drank, lark a brilliant Mare from Sir Isaac. Bulls. — Tlie Old Statt of Massachusetts — which shed its Admiral, a famous short horn pre.sented by Admi- ^Xqq^ like water in 1V75, and is always ready to ral Coffin — Sir Isaac, Jun. sired by tlie former. ' p^^^ j^ forth in the defence of our nation — May A full blooded Alderney bull, from the celebrated ^.jjg ,joj ^g p^,t under the ban of that Empire, whose Alderney Cow, imported by John Hubbard, Esq. foundation she laid with the bones of her best cit- Young Coelebs, the dam Bakewell | Holderncss, 1 i^gns, at Lexington and Bunker Hill. sire CoBlebs, owned by Gorham Parsons, Esq. A ] y^^ ^,^^ .^^^ ^^^^^ of JVorth America— The first, fine bull owned by Elijah Burnap, Milbury, we do not recollect his pedigree. A half blood North Devon bull, by John Prince, Esq. Among the oxen we did not observe so many superior animals this year as we have seen on former occasions. — There were, however, 2 very fine twin oxen, one with, and the other without horns, 7 years old, the horned ox weighing 21(30, and the other 2126. — These were owned by Mr Ward N. Boylston, Princeton. There were a number of pens filled by the excellent short horn stock of His Excellency Gov. Lincoln, several pens, which contained ani VOLUNTEER TOASTS. By His Excellency Governor Lincoln. — TWsJ" oanexion of Scientifc Knowledge with Practicat '"' Husbandry. May those who decry it conside* " that while it distinguishes a class of" Gentlemen» Farmers" in Europe, it constitutes all FarmeUt. Gentlemen in America. « By the Hon. Mr Webster.— TAc/cid of Fre] Agricultural Labour ; a theatre of industry moi useful to the State, and favourable to the healtfi the mind and morals of the individuals. 1 By the Hon. Mr Everett. — Good Husbandry We call our stock neat cattle. May we so maj age that if tJiey could speak they would return to compliment. By the Editor of the ^Yew England Farmer.— I Farmer'.': Banks ; Compost-Beds, Furrow-Slices Corn-hills and Potato-ridges. If we make propci deposits in those Banhs, our Draughts will alwaw be honoured. By the Hon. Judge Story — Agriculture and tfc Policy — The Art which converts Earth into Gob — The Policy which converts Freemen into Freti holders. i By Harrington, Esq. The Pres^'lent ^' the United States. — Native Stock, and may ifel; be used for eight years without crossing. By the Hon. John Welles of Boston. In pro posing a toast, Mr Welles observed '-that it uiigli not, perhaps, be known to many at table tli.U tt| " Hertford County Agrirulturul Society " of tljk State of Connecticut had honoured the Masst il chusetts Agricultural Society by a respectabl delegation from its body on this occasion. Fo this highly prized attention, he asked leave i propose as a Toast, Success to the Agricultural Societies of Coi and the last hope of Freedom — May they never give cause of triumph to Despots, nor of despair to the friends of liberal iiistit..ttor)3. The President of the United y-'tates — Measures 1 iieclicut ; may their zc: I be strengthened by a n not Men is the first maxim ol Free .States — A gen erous and munly confidence is a duty we owe to a wise ail I magnanimous administration, whatever might hu.ve been our previous predilections or pre- judices. The Patron a I'd Ornament of the Agricultural Art — who deems the hisjhest executive oiiice in mals of the same race, owned by the Hon. John our Commonwealth honourea by the respect and Welles of Bo.ston. There were a goodly number attention he pays to this noble employment. . of fine Merino, Saxon, and native sheep, many of, Manufciures — Now in a state of partial e- the two former kinds supplied by Messrs. George ■ clipse, but the intervening body, which intercepts and Joseph Barrett of Concord. Samuel Henshaw, tlie lin-lit and heat must pass on in its orbit, and Esq. of Boston, exhibited some fine slieep of the they will again enjoy the warmth, and fertilizing New Leicester and South Down breeds. There radiance, in its fullest force. were a number of Swine of prime e.xcellence, by , Commerce— The hand-maid of Agriculture and R. Mackay of Princeton, and among others a sti- ' Manufactures— miserable and short-sighted is the perior sow which appeared to combine all the poii<.y^ ^vhich would encourage a jealousy of that points of excellence in that kind of animals. employment on which the success of all other iii- The Manufactures were less in number than on j^^^^y „;g,j^ depends. former occasions. They were however respecta- 1 , . ,. ,. /. , j r, rm, ,, J ^, ,., ^ , ^ ., 1 . Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce — Ihe ble and the quality appeared to us quite equal to , ° , . ■',.,. ■ , , ■<• j , , .- f*^ . .1 1 three great Arteries, which furnish life and vigor any we had previously seen at the same place. — , ,,",,.., ^ r ui- , ■' ,, '^.. , -a J 1 ,u jir„ and health to the great bouy of our republic. Among the articles were Broadcloths and Kersey- s j i meres of Shepherd & Co. Flannel by Theodore | The J^avy of the United States— A Young G Lvman of Mendon, and Mrs. Lucy Bancroft of i which in its infancy, has furnished the best em Pepperell. Sattinet by Messrs. Pitts & Buffum, j blem of our national strength, and is the surest Mendon. Carpeting by Mary Stearns, of Worces- j presage of our future greatness, ter, and some others. Hearth Rugs by several — l Cordial reconciliation among all parties — nation- Red Cassimere Shawls — Lace Veils — Lace Caps, \al and sectional — Preference to talents and virtue, Vandykes, &c. An elegant grass bonnet by Mrs without reference to past temporary distinctions ; Ruth M. Pond, and Miss Polly M. Pond, accoin- I alike the band of our private peace and of public panied with a note describing the kind of grass 6ic. ( prosperity. collection of the efl^oii of those who of old, mad Connecticut to be Cdiied The Garden ofJVew £jij« land. By the Editor rf the JV^to England Farmery After Gov. Lincoln haJ retired. His ExcelleMA Gf.ve.rnor l^ity CO i.ja, the Head, attd the County i fVorcester, the Htart of the Commonwealth. Whil such organs compose the vital parts of our bod politic, old Massacli.: setts may reasonably hope I flourisii, firm as her hills, and vigorous as the oal' wTiich cro.vn them. There were several other volunteer toasts give which we do not recollect. — tSome very large an beautilul pears were presented for the ■ Soc ietJJ^ dessert, by a gentlemen who was an officer in army of the American Revolution, but his nai has escaped us. His Excellency the Governor pi sented some excellent fruit, the product of his ow orchard. RHODE ISLAND CATTLE SHOW. The seventh anniversary of the Annual CattI Show and Exhibition of Manufactures, by th The JVavy of the United States — A Young Giant Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement o Domestic Industry, was holden at Pawtiixet, O' ' Monday and Tuesday the 9th and 10th of Octobf; 1826. The Report on Neat Cattle contains som judicious remarks on the superiority of the Ox 1 1 the Horse, as a Farmer's Labourer. | neat cattle. Your Committee on Neat stock are fully cor vinced'of the importance of the subject Bubmittc Vol. v.— No. i:l. NEW ENGLAND I AJtMER. their exaiiiiimtioii ami n\v:iril. On lass of lo W,, 103 Ihiirlier lor (lie best Cow Isl | rem. lucstic .\nimaU do more of our comfort lUid i lo l^alvin Dcvin I'lr the iicxt do '.iil do ivenieiicc depend. For tlioiijjh the horse may I J" '''•^«'" '•"''-'d .VitiiHti; (m tli^ m-xi do 3d do 5 ve a load with greater speed, yet the o.\ will j '" ^^.'"- I'''"''"'''' ''"■"^'-''^'"^'^ f<"' '*>>• best yearling: vel a frroiitcr number of hours ill tlie day, and i •p„f.,i*'^„ n*^"."!!. , • i <• .u '' „ " , , , , , I '"^--al'"" Ueaii Providcucf for the next do do do 2d lerally make up and more Llian miu;e up by pro- ' ,|n . teJ diligence for iiis lack of expedition. Tho' j I'o Simon Smith JrGlortsttr for the next do do do 3d sheep may be made to yield milk to the slisp- | __ do 2 10 four or five dolliirs 8 ye.ir, which wlien well elock- c'l will cr iiand much liicrhcr prices. The li.sh transported from tho sea arc first fed " with butchers' oftal "—but in some of the Scot- tish ponds it is already proved, that they " may be fed by bringing different kinds together as in the ocean ;" that is, they will feed on one another. d, yet the cow .seems above all other animals •' '''° "'"'"" ^"•"h Jr lor the best Hc-ifer Calf 1st prtm 6| .^°"' ^'<""m'«ee are far from considering this a igned to feed her owner and his family.- ! '"°,!-'rr.''f_'"'''' ^■""' ''"^•'''^"^^''■•'' •''^- '"■'^"'° . I !l.l'""''7.'"''-''''' .'''"''. '^„".\'' '^'^ ^^^"''« °'' ^''^ lether we regard labour, tbod or clothing, this s of animals seems not only highly useful but ost indispens.ible. It was fortunate for our c that it was peopled from a country where use of the ox had not been supplanted by the of the horse. The first cost of a pair of oxen t more than half the price of a pair of horses. expense of keeping is nearly in the same pro- on ; and the ox increases in value from two ■s old or the time he is put in the yoke, till he rned out for food ; but the horse from the age ven decreases in value until he becomes nse- With prudent management the capital in- d iu neat stock can never bo lost, on an av- e, once in ten or twelve years. Your Com- e are not called on to decide whether the ! breed of cattle will furnish the best oxen for ' do do 2d do To Abnf-r Spragup Jr. for the next do do 3d do To Steiry Jeiiks Cumberland for the best Ox fatted in the states Isl prem. 10 To Sierry Jencks for the next best do do 2d do 6 To Earl Baker Warwick for the best pair Steers 2 years old Isl prem. G To Jnsiah Burlingame Craston for the next best do do 2d do 4 To Jeremiah Field for the next do do 3 do 2 Bremen Geese. To Jamos Sisson of VVarrtn who exhibited three Bremen Geese, of a large size and beautiful white colour were awarded $3 For the Committee : TRISTAM BURGES. 4 , above stated experiments fully sufficient to eneour- 2,' ago others ; especially as even failure can be at- tended with but little labour or cost, and success will add so much to the comforts and resources of those who dwell not at the "Haven of the Sea." All of which is respectfully submitted, by JOHN D'WOLF, Jr. For the Committee. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, SfC. STEPHEN v. MILLS & Co. (late Prince & Mills) proprietors of the extensive Nursery at Flush- ing, Long Island, near New York ;>^ offer their very choice and select cnlleclion of Fruit Trees of all the various kinds to which they not only give their ;)fri(»ini allenlion, but which have the slill greater advantage of being ingrafted from ON RAISING FISH IN FRESH WATER PONDS. The Committee on raising fish in water ponds, consisting of Stephen H. Smith, Solomon Urown, tetim and the best cows for the dairy ; but John D'Wolf jr., S. Knight, and Stephen Harris, bearing Trees whose accuracy has been tested, they take this occasion to recommend the question reports as follows : j therefore solicit with the fullest confidence the patron- e diligent examination of the society Too They are opposed to the philosophy which con- [ ag^nfthe public. 1 attention cannot be given to both of these founds novelty with impossibilitv, and concludes', Th« ' rees, Shrubs, &c. are in the most thrifty and ts and esneciallv the last ! n. . u . i . i ■ ur •. -.l ; healthy slate, the corre.tness of every sale by them is IS ana especMuy lat, ia.=u tjiaj ^^.^at has not been done before its eyes, neith- guaranteed, and the same attention observed in the se- the various and mixed occupations of the er has been nor can be done at all. lection as if the purchasers were present. B of this state, It is not expected that so much] Every vear brings forth some new discovery on' Orders will receive faithful and prompt attention, ;ion will be gi\ en to this subject as is devot- 1 the application of nature's laws, and who knows ■ '^"^ catalogues furnished on application to HENRY L. it where this branch of agricultural industry ! enough of those laws to decide without experiment i '^'^'>'^^^' "=""' for the proprietors, No. 18 India lost exclusively cultivated. It is believed that on the result of any new combination of circum- 1— ^JZl ^ !SS depends on diligence in selecting for pro- stances ' ion the best imlividual animals from the best i Vour Committee know nothing in the physiology s; and in a skillful and liberal manner of of Fish, or in the nature of water, from which they ng them tfinter Keeping for Horses. GENTLEMEN having valuable Horses, may have them wintered at a reasonable charge iu tlie vicinity* ... •11 r c u u ii where tbi y may be assured of good keeping, and faith- can pronounce It impossioie for a fish born in salt >„, ,,,^„,;„„ i :,„ „. n,-. nfl;.,o . , r m, V ,.„„o, «. kr Committee are much gratified by finding ,^„ter to live an 1 oroDairate in fresh - r ?'""''""• . '"1 '"" ^' '''" °^";' "^"^'f T ' ,.= < ° waier, lo ine ana propagait, in irtsn. Boyiston Marme Ins. Office, or of JVIaj. b. Jaques, • show of Neat btcck this year, satisfactory jj^d no experiment been made, then, the sub- Charlestown. oct. 13. of greater e.nulation, diligence and success jgct would be fairly open to experiment; but ex- a part of husbandry, than on any former ex- periments have been made, and have snc-.eeded. on. This appears from the ',rreater number a late "Journal of the Royal Institution" contains mals exhibited, as well as fro.m the improve- the detail of a very complete and successful course of experiments on this subject, conJucteJ in Scot- land under the auspices of Dr. Macculloch. It JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's •V'T.tfn/ ul Flushing, on Long Island, near JVew York. I\ bei alf of the proprietors of the above nursery, the subscriber solicits the orders of bnrf iculturists who may be desirous of stock- seems by those experiments that 33 specie's offish iiig'th u .^-.rd^ns and fields with fruit trees of the finest "belonging naturally to the sea," have been found ^orts and most healthy and vigorous stocks the present to live in fr.esh w.nter, among them are the plaice, '*'''"'""• ,, , ,1 • > ,■„ , , , ' , 'K , , 1 ,, BhooDCoov & Co. attend persenally lo the inoculaling flounder, bass, coil, mackerel and eel; and to them ^^^ em^rafimgnf all their fruit trees, and purchasers are added crabs, oysters, muscles and shrimps. — : ,„ay rely with confidence that the trees they order will f-nuiiif-. nbscriber, agent of the above nursery, will re- lof their breed and condition. three great object.^ of raising neat stock ; milk, and work, have governed your coni- j in awarding the premiums placed at their All tho owners of neat stock entered craiums, are entitled to much commendation, where these are not awarded ; and the pro- irs of some very valuable animals, both of the jvi^^y gf the fish thus transplanted, improve in size | prove ^ and mi\ed breeds, merit t-reat praise. No. and delicacy ; " the plaice in some cases appeared { The" FRUIT AND FOREST TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. .), not offi-red for a premium, '.vas much no- three times as thick as in the sea ;"— " the bass j «ive orderj_ for any^cpiamUy^of by the committee. This is a fine young cow . ajgo grows much thicker, and improves in delica- purc Alderney breed, with all the points of joy." ellcnt animal for the dairy. j jt appears from another English publication,that following premiums have beeo awarded, , n,an„ l^inds of sea fish are raised to great perfec- Und the trees will be delivered in this city at the risk Ition in ponds connected with the fresh as well as and expense of the Purchaser; the bills may be paid lerSprague of Cranston for the bert native i salt water of the river Thames; they there also "V'^rreputation of this nursery is so extensively known 1st prem. . „ , »'^ I increase in gize and flavour, and are taken to the tee Arnold Warwick next do native Bull 2 t , i . u , . tu . „„«.,», *i,„ , . p , . .„ London market when stormy weather prevents the ic Field Scituate do do native Cull 8 1 boats from going out. Brown Glocester for the best bnll Calf 1st prem 6 i The native fish of our fresh water ponds and riv- hard Burlingame Cranston do do do 2d do -i ' ers, may be raised in great perfection, and with er Sprague Jr. do do do 3d do _.. 2 | hiit little labor or expense ; the trout and pickerel jrge Smith Sinithfielil for the best Bull 17 hs old foreign breed Ist prem. 25 atlo Blake Providence for the next do 2 years lalf blood 2d do 15 'ph ! isdak Cranston for do do Bull 18 months [ do Holdernes! breed 3d do 10 command high prices in market, and meet at all | yjgorous stale. and has been so well sustained that I take leave lo re- fer those in want of trees to any of the Ho' ticulturists in this city and i(s vicinity, and if ocular demonstration is desired, I invite those who wi-h to he thus satisfied, to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchester pro- cured from this nursery for three or four years past, some of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy and times a ready sale. A number of experiments are now making in our own Stato, and a fmv ponds have been rented at Catalogues will be delivered gratis on application J ZEB. COOK Jr. Rogers' Buildin";— Congress Street. Busim, ./tugust 25^/», 1 826. eptf. 104 NEW ENGLAxND FARMER. Oct. SO, 1820. niisc£:i.i.AX(rxi:s. A PARTING HYMN, Composed hy three Indian friends, (who graduated at Dartmouth College) at a favourite Bower. When shall wc three meet again ? When shall we three meet again '. Oft shall glowing hope expire — Oft shall wearied love retire — Oft shall death and sorrow reign, Ere we Three shall meet again. Though in distant lands we sigh, Parch'd beneath the hostile sky ; Though the deep hc-tweeu us roll?, Friendship shall unite our souls, And in Fancy's wide domain Oft shall we Three meet again. ■When our burnish'd locks are grey, Thinn'd by many a toil spent day ; When around this youthful Pine, Moss shall creep and Ivy twine ; Long may this loved Bower remai.i — Here may we Three meet again. When the dreams of life are fled, When its wasted lamps are di-ad — When in cold Oblivion's shade. Beauty, wealth and fame are bid — Where immortal Spirits reign, There may we all meet again. ' But what was the name of the instrunieiit .•' — Had it strings, and was it played by keys ?' ' You must give me time to recollect the name ; it was indeed a stringed in.strumcnt, but was play- ed by the hand.' ' By the hands alone ?— How vulgar ; but 1 pro- test I should like to see one, and papa shall buy me one when I return to London. — Do you think that we can obtain one ?' ' No, you will not probably find one in London, but doubtless they may be fouud in some of the country towns.' ' How many strings had it, ? Must one play with both hands ■ and could one play the double bass ?' ' I know not whether it would play double bass, as you call it, but it was played by both hands, and had two strings.' ' Two strings only ? surely you are jesting ; how could good music be produced by such an instru- ment, when the piano has two or three hundred r' ' Oh, the strings were very long, one of them I about J4 feet, and the other might bo lengthened jat pleasure, even to fit\y or more.' I ' What a prodigious deal of room it must take up, but no matter, I will have mine in the old hall, and papa may have an addition built to it, for he says I shall never want for anything, and so does mama. — Were the strings struck with little mal- lets like the piano, or were they snapped like a harpsichord ?' ' Like neither of those instruments, as I recol- ^ , lect, but it produced a soft kind of humming mu- Harmon;jin f'«mi7('e.5.— Impartiality tends great- 1 sic, and was peculiarly agreeable to the husband ly to promote harmony in families. Hence the no- | and relations of the performer.' If'tns. — riiO tiuleigii Register has repeaLod asserted, and corroborates the declaration by ce tificates, that a cloth which has been soaked in solution of common salt, till it has imbibed as mu' of the salt as it will retain, applied to wens, v: not fail to remove them. To praise a bad action is to commit it. He w speaks, sows — he who listens, reaps. With time and patience, the leaves of the ra berry tree become satin. Honey a cure for Gravel. — It is saiJ that swe ening tea with lialf honey and half sugar, has bf found by experience to be a remedy against gr el. cessity of parents not manifesting any partiality to one or more of their children. In the favored child, it lays the foundation for pride and self-im- portance, and in the neglected one, it raises indig- nation if not hatred ; whatever may be the motives assigned for the partiality, parents must answer to the Judge of all the earth,for the sorrow and evils it produces. Harmony in a family will be greatly interrupted, should the father and mother pursue (5iSerent sys- tems in the management of their children. It is therefore highly necessary that they adopt a sim- ilar plan ; otherw ise one or the other of them, and perhaps both, will lose the esteem of their chil- dren ; obedience to either is not to be expected 'Oh, as to pleasing one's husband or relations, that is all Dicky, in the Haut-ton, you know; but I am determined to have one at any rate. Was it easily learnt, and was it taught by French or Ital ian masters ?' 'It was easily learnt, but Frenchmen and Ital- ians scarcely dared to show their heads in our country in those times.' ' Can you not possibly remember the name ? — How shall we know what to inquire for ?' ' Yes, I do now remember the name, iind we must inquire for a spinning wheel.' Character of Dr. Pan; by himself. — From my youth upward to the present moment I never de or the probability is, that bad habits and incorrect , «"ted a private friend, not violated a public pun- principles will be established. I c'P'e- I I'ave been the slave of no patron, and the In order to promote love and harmony among i drudge of no party. I formed my political opm- children, one should not be allowed to domineer 1 '""^ ^"^hout the smallest regard, and have acted over or tease another. Nor ought one to be prais- ! "pon them with an utter disregard to personal om- ed at the expense of another. No envious com- 1 olument and professional honours---for many and parisons must be drawn. Children should not be 1 ^e best years of my existence, I _endured very allowed to scoff at one who happens to be an of- fender. This practice destroys atfection and gives rise to resentment and retaliation. They should be taught to feel for one another when in disgrace and not be prohibited from interceding. A Fragment for the Ladies. — ' Thy grandmoth- er,' said my uncle Toby, addressing himself to young Arabella, just from London, and who was playing the battle of Marengo, on the piano ; ' thy grandmother, child,' said ho, ' used to play on a much better instrument than thine.' ' Indeed,' said Arabella, 'how could it have been better ; you know it is the most fashionable instru- ment, and is used by every body that is any thing.' ' Your grandmother was something, yet she nev- er saw a piano forte.' rksome toil, and suffered very trying need; meas uring my resources by my wants, I now so abound as to unite a competent income with an indepen- dent spirit, and, above all, looking back to this life and onward to another, 1 possess that inward peace of mind, which the world can neither give nor take away." WILLIAM PRINCF-.pr etor of this establishment, i to the public the most ej sive collection ol Fruits, O menial Trees, and Plant America. The Fruits I been sdected by actual in tigalion of their merits, , , nearly all of which are eng .*■ /^ed from bearing trees 7^[ In the selection, which •-'/r-iVvfesVj.-si bei n the particular pursi hi? father and himself for more than half a ctnliu'i has spared neither pains nor expense, and such a not possess particular merit have been rejected their accuracy has been tested by the best autht the age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 nei rielies of Fruits not to be found in any other collec in Ameiica, anil which include the most celeb kinds that have within a few years past been br( into notice and recommended by those distinga Horticulturalists, Van .Mons & Duquesene, and I Kni'ht, President of the Horticultural Society of don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the I sent from this establishment, the [.roprietor refi the Hon Jonathan Hunnewell, ?nd other gentlen Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized bis lishmeut for the last fifty years, and particularly fruit of the various kinds with which the Bostol ket is now supidied from the extensive colled trees furnished the late Dr Oliver Smith, Seen the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, whi than thirty years ^ince, had seveial thousand ll nually, which were distributed amorg the me that Association. It may perhaps be deemer of notice that near lt)0 varieties of the fruit" ofTe sa'c, by the proprietor, are different from those vatcd hy other establishments under the same I and the identity of every fruit sent by him, Ihep tors expressly guarantees. Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the subs and orders left with him, (if from a distance post' will meet prompt attention. JOSFPH BRIDGE, Agent for the Proprietii 25 Court-street. Boston. ?ek Mr David Tichenor of this town, has gathered this season, from one king pippin apple tree in'his orchard, 70 bushels of apples; 40 bushels of which were good winter apples. [Newark Eagle.] A horse called Old Billy, died at East Hartford on the 1st inst. He was owned and kept for 38 years on the farm of the late John Jones, deceased. He was two years old when purchased. Medical School in Boston. TIIF LECTURES al the Massnchusetls i College, in Boston, will commence en the third W day in November. Anat. and Surg, by Pr Warre.v. Chemistry, by Pr Gorhajvi. ,' Midwifery and Med. Jurl«prud. by Dr ChAMI Materia Medica. by Dr BiCKi.ow. j Theory and Practic of Physic, by Dr JACKSaij The advantages for attending Hospital pr!|« this Insliliiti'^n, are considered equal to those l^i in any city of the United States. 6t 'tv'Published everv Friday at Three Dollar*] num. payable at the end of the year— but pay within sixty days from the lime of suhscril entitlfd to a deduction of Fifiy Cents. Gi ntlemen who procure. /in responsible sulw are entitled to a sixth volume gratis. acliusetts. In the European countries they were used with great moderation. One only in Great Brit;iin, at Smithfield, was an annual one. The Bath and West of England Society occasionally exhibited a Show of their animals, and offered premiums for Plougliing Matches. The American farmers, from the nature of our institutions, and the spirit of rivalry produced by them, were not contented with si>igle Shows confined to local dis ricts. As soon as the spirit was excited in Berk- ""'>'> over-grown cattle fed at enormous expense, ihire, it was copied by the parent Society — the old I ''"'■ "'*-' soon put an end to this folly, by declaring Massachusetts Agricultural Society— and at great I 'hat wc would not give our premiums to the fat- B.xpcnse, they provided the means, with the aid of ^^^^ animal, but to those which had the most prof- NEW ENGLAND FAREIER. Published by ions B. Risskll at the corner (d' I'oiigr id liindiill .Streets VOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1826. (onlr.iuci. troiii l.iiidnil Strcet|. — Thomas G. Fessenden, Kditor. No. 14~ OUlGi.Wl. PAPERS. smaller proportion of the beau monde. There is u lery great falling olf in the multitudes from the iFtVSt Iit4)0l*t on the iSViljfUOU (ffnttlrlcity, who e.\pected adayof hlhirity and lou dissi. ,SftOtD. ' pation ; but flic visiters from the cnuntry huvc O.yr.lTC.lTTLE^RULLSS.BLLLC.ILVEs'''"'''" constantly increasing, while the more sober, and reflecting and intelligent citizens of Boston Commtllce. i liave continued, and will continue, to atford their Jou>- LowELt., LvKE Fjske, and Jereji. Baker valuable and rational countenance to institutions These public exhibitions for the encouragemen; P^^'ch are useful to the republic in cveri/ view, tlje of farmers originated in Great Britain, were soon'"'"*' important ol which, they are sensible, is the t\cr adopted in Frnnce, and in this country were ^'onviction which they produce on the minds of the first introduced by the Berkshire Society in Mas- ' Fn'mera, that their interests arc intimately blended with their oivn. Let us recur to the question, are these shows becoming tiresome and indilTercnt to the Farmers? We have no means of exciting them beyond our prsmiums — we use none — no artificial, extraordi- nary means. Yet our pens this year were entirely full. The number and quality of the fat cattle has exceeded those of former years, all the circumstan- ces considered. Wc have had once, and once public benefactors, of an Annual Cattle Show at Brightoii. The spirit, thus excited, could not be lounded by local restraints, and there sprung up jimilar associations throughout all New England, [t is not our design at present to enter into the nquiry. Whether they have, or have uot, been pro- luctive of benetit to the farming interest. We confine ourselves simply to the fact, that a Jeep interest has been excited by these Shows, A'hether they have been of public benefit or nut. I is a part of the constrtution of human nature, hat excitement should be followed by a state of ndifference, sometimes of disgust ; and it has been illegeu, that such is the state of public feeling .vith relation to these Exhibitions. It was even predicted the last year, that we should never have another Exhibition at Brighton, or if we should persist in the attempt, it would be m entire failure. It is true, that whenever tlie Farmers shall cease o feel an interest in these Shows, they must fall, tnd they ought at once to cease, — their utility de- pending entirely upon the zeal of those for whose benefit they were designed. It is true also, that the merchants and gentlemen of the metropolis, who, with laudable spirit, first patronized this insti- tution from motives of the most piaiseworthy char acter, would naturally get tired of it. The novdty, to them, was its prmcipal charm. But the great question is, have the farmers lost their interest in it ? So far is this from being true, v;e state from our own careful examination, that the farmers, al first. viewed these Shows with distrust. They did not think them their own. They were jealous of the Gentlemen Farmers," as they unkindly called them ; and the first Shows were supported princi- pally by the Trustees of the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Society, and by the educated men of the city. This state of things has been chansrinu- from year to year ; and the substantial yeomanry, tlie nctual cultivators, have regularly increased their lupport and enlarged their confidence. There are. to be sure, fewer female visiters, and of course a itable flesh, and were fatted at the least expense. You are therefore no longer to expect a " Mag- nus" and "Maximus," unwieldly animals, fed at enormous expense. The bulls and bull calves were more numerous and finer in all respects than in former Shows. — They were from all pafts of the country within rcacli of this exhibition. The report of the Hon. Mr Welles will show, that in the department of cows, heifers, and small stock, the show was superior to that of former years. V\^e have taken notice in the report, of the in- terest exiiibited by the First Blagistrate of the State in this Show, an example worthy of his offi- cial and personal character. The great expense he nmst have incurred, the inconvenience of send- ing his domestics to such a distance, and the res- pect he thereby evinced for these exhibitions, and for the Society, whose Show he so much enrich- ed, require our most sincere thanks. His only ob- ject we are authorised to state was to enabje the public to judge, whether our native stock had not been improved by the cross of the short horned breed of Great Britain. The fine ox, grass fed, half Denton, exhibited by Mr White of Boylston, showed their disposition to early maturity, while the cow exhibited bj Gov. Li.nuol.n at Worces- ter, proved them to be equal at least to our native cattle as milkers. But were the proofs of the deep interest which the farmers feel in these shows confined to the ex- hibition of animals ? Take the working cattle and the ploughing match, as tests. When we first began, we could not fill our eight lots in the ploughing match with- out the aid of Mr Parsons, Mr Prince, Mr Der- by and Mr Quincy, who came forward and solely ivith the view of encouraging the Show. How stood the case in 1820 ? Twenty-five yokes of working cattle entered for the premium, from Sutton in the West, to Medford in the East. Ten withdrew from perceiving the superiority of their rivals. Fifteen actually competed and we are assured by Gen. Derby, the chairman and his fel- low practii al farmers, that the improvement was a must decided one. In the ploughing match we had no less than twonty ploughs actually employed, i\\ti\.ca.i\ of eight uiiich constituted our whole number at the com- mencement of this Shovv, of which three at leaet were oWnea by the Trustees. These competitors, this year, were from the counties of Norfolk, IVlid- :J'\sex and Worcester — embracing a territory of GO miles square. We congratulate the ancient coun- ty of Mid.llesex, and the patriotic town of Con- cord on their unexampled success. We know that the Judges were practical farmers, excellent farm- ers. The numbers of the lots only were given to them — the names oi tiie competitors were not dis- closed to them. We have understood that some dissatisfaction was expressed by the Sutton farm- ers, because they did not carry alt the preiiiums, but they ought to know, that the Judges v;ere noc in any degree influenced by local pr' j idices. They had no nearer connection with the Concord Farm- ers tlian with those of Sutton. The choice was in truth one of difficulty — the ' ploughing was, all of it, excellent. But as citizens, we must feel a pleasure in finding, and the liis-.p- pointed candidates ought to share with us, that pleasure, that good husbandry is not confined to any one section of our country. If furtlier proof could be necessary to show the zeal, which our respectable farmers feel in these exhibitions, I would simply add, that the most re- spectable farmers of Roxbury have been constant- ly competitors ; and that tlie Hon. Mr Fiskk of Waltintn entered the liets, managed his own ploug'i, and though not successful as a competitor owing to the extra length of time he took, yet ho showed his skill and his conviction of the utiliiv st of .•f8(! 15.<. sterlin^r, by Cliarles Richmond, Esi]. of Taunton, and were exliildted by S. Ilenshaw, Esq. of Boston. It was stati.'d that more than 10 pounds of ciean washed wool were shorn from the ram last spring-, and that the ewes avcrasjed 7 pounds each. This is t'le full averafre sheep yield in England. These sheep give the wool of long staple, which has been tlioughl lu'.portant to our m muficturcs, and wliicli the tjociety iiave by successive premiums endeav- oured to introduce. They may now be disseminat- ed as they may be fuun.l usuful. Tliey are recom- mended as of pure breed, correct form, good wool, and great disposition to fatten ; with the latter propensity, and tiieir large sire, their carcase must ie of greut value. It is furt'.jer stated that they were in estinotion amongst •' the finest mutton j sheep of England." The Committee award to S. Henshaw, Esq. of Boston, for the Pishley or New Leicester ram tlie premium of y 15. For his best Dishley or new Leicester ewe they , award to the same gentlemen a premium of $15. 1 SOUTH DOWN SHEEP. ] For these the Society's premium -'id not produce &ny e hijition. The premium nill probably be con- tinued, and it is hoped to better efiect heieafter. SWI.\E. I To Si! IS Dudley of Sutton the Committee award | the first premiiim for the best boar ^\l. i There were no other Boars tliat were thought to ' merit the other premiums. | For breeding fSows, the Committee award Uie I first premium to Capt. John Mixkay. Wi-^ton $12. The second premium they award to J.T.EluVii.fS. The third premium they award to Doc'r Francis Moore of Cambridge $5. STORE PIGS. For Store Pigs the Committee award the first premium to Capt. John Mackay of Weston, of $10. They were v ell deserving of it. No other pre- mium could with propriety be awarded. The Committee regret in the last meniioned an- imal when by comparison and selection so good effects have been produce'l,that what our Fti.mers could show, has been omitted. So also in Aj^-rino ' Sheep; when great prices have been paia for Sax- ! ony SI eep of late with us, which it is presumed are nothing more than the Merino race iuiproved by careful selection, is it not a matter of wonder that our agriculturists lo not take this mode of general comparison at the Brighton Cattle Show ? wliicli seems the best that could possibly be devis- ] ed, to carry into effect the highest possible degree ; of pi rfcction in this animal so important to our manufactures. When these ends can be as well i and better effected at home, let it be our pride so i to ret. But not so when otherwise. The Committee have stated the many improve- ments in the Show within their departmeut which j have l>een j'resented this year. They have further | suggested these few particulars by which it might be so perfected as to give effect and value to the I like occasions in future. i The agriculturists having done so much to es- tabhsli the reputation of their holiday, we think we ing no inconsiderable saving in the e.;pe'-.. of may appeal to their good sense not to refniin from ploughing our lands, that very importont pari of sapi)lying these deficiencies, wlien the mcuis are husbandry, and taking into view the high wages so fully within their power. JOHN WEbLES, now paid by the farmers, should operate as oneln- Chairman. J creased stimulus to the early training of young No. III. The Committee appointed on the Ploughing Match with single Teams, report as follows, viz. Twelve Competitors entered, to each of which was assigned about one si\th of an acre of grass land, the soil light, some parts mi.\ed with gravel and sward tender — tiie plougliing was generally cattle. Which is respectfully submitted, by SAMUEL (i. DERBY, NATHAN ADAMS, SILAS GATES. No. VL The Committee on the Ploughing Match, with very good, and the Comunttce found it dllBcult to '"'" ^"^'^ of oxen, ec for success 1 Your Committee, in reference female influence, remember tlie maxim of the ilosophic Cato, (though in other respects far ini being a lady's man) that the Romans govern- the world, but the women governed the Ro- iiis. The following premiums have been awarded: Jemima White, Providence two Bonnets $8 Nancy Whipple of Cumberland, Carpet 2 Macy Arnold, Warwick piece Linen Diaper 3 ) do for one Coverlet 2 Sarah K.Hsworth, one piece Linen Oiaper 2 3 Sarah Ann Arnold, Warwick 1 Carpet 4 Harriet Brownell, Providenre two Paintings 2 o IM/.-ard Anthony, Warwick 1 piece Flannel (all wool) 5 Irs Seamans, Providence 2 Quiucy Baskets 2 arah II. Green, Warwick 3 pairs yarn Stockings 3 ni P. Uolden, Warwick 1 pair Blankets 2 140 knots Stocking Yarn 2 artha Slocum. North Kingston 2 pieces Plaid 3 Isy Ann Taylor, Warwick I piece Carpeting 1 * Thompson, Warwick Cotton & Wool Flannel 2 iza Taylor, Kingston Music Stool Covering 1 mraons (Jole, Warren 1 piece Carpeting 9 irah Drown. Foster 1 piece Flannel f homas Stafford, VV'arwick Blanketing 1 } one piece Flannel all Wool S ary L. Waterman, Warwick Carpet 1st prem 6 The specimens of carpeting exceeded any form- To Miss Nancy Bradford for a Quincy Cap .f 6. To Misses Julia and Ann Topham, $2. C. Bliss, E. Brenton, M. Shaw, and P. Sheffield, $2 each. To Misses A. Austen, E. Mellville, A. Mellville, Catherine Molten, Mary Esson, Adeline Friend, M. Carr, Ann Coddington, M. G. Brinley, C. Den- nis, IL Pratt, Mary Pratt, M. Wilbor, Catherine Handy, Catherine Slierman, Sally Bradford, and Roby Sisson, $1 each. There were other specimens of lace from fe- males not attached to the school, of very excellent workmanship, for which small premiums were rather indiscriminately awarded, from the manner in which they were entered, and the difficulty the committee had in finding them for inspection. Thomas Green, AVarwick 1 Carpet 1 Clarke, Kingston one Collar 1 Mrs Dorrance, WarwicK one Carpet 2 Sarah Slocum North Providence, one black Shawl 2 Ann Bowen, Coventry 1 Coverlet 3 P.osina Green, Warwick 1 piece Blue Cloth 5 Phebe P. 'I'ilus, Foster 1 Counterpane 2 Henry Burton, Providence 1 fancy Basket 1 Ann Bowen, Coventry 1 pair Blankets 4 Francis Slillwell, Providence, 1 Lace \'eil 2 Susan Adams, Providence, 1 Hearth Rug ^ Phebe Pitcher, E. Greenwich, 1 piece Linen Cloth 4 Almey Budlong, Warwick, thirty-six skeins Silk 4 Eleanor Fldridge. E. Greenwich. 1 Counterpane 3 MissC. Spencer, Warwick, 1 piece Flannel 2 Ann Bowen, Coventry, 1 pair Gloves 1 Mary C. Fisher, Pawtuxet, I Bonnet Hannah's. Smith, Pawtuxet, 1 Stair Carpet 3 Rebecca S. Smith, 1 Counterpane 4 Esther Uolhrook, Providence, 5 Bonnets 6 Miss Currie, 1 Lace Veil 2 Mrs F. Weeden, 1 Lace Veil 2 F. G. Bateman, 1 Sampler 1 Mary Ansell. 1 Lace Veil 2 Borbara Greene, \\'arwick, 4 i)airs Stockings 3 Sally A. Low, 4 pairs Stockings 2 Eliza D. Greene, Shell Baskets I Miss H. S. Gilbert, Providence, 1 Hearlh Rug 3 Eliza Bishop, Providence, 1 box Silk Buttons 5 Martha B. Fvelelh, I Lace Veil 2 Charitable Society of Girls, from 10 to 13 years of age 6 Mary Young, Shell Boxes 1 Ahby Pearce, Newport, 1 Larc Cap 2 Uo. on 1 box of Fancy Articles 2 SHOP MANUFACTURES. The Committee on Shop M.inufactures, consist- ing of Wm. Rhodes, Samuel Pearson, Barney Mer- ry, James S. Simmons, and Palemon Walcott, beg leave to report that they have awarded the follow- ing premiums : amuel Green, Cranston, for Cotton Lines of su- peiior workmanship t; Stephen C. Smith, Providence, for Shoes 2 George Tillinghast, Worth Kingston, for Cast Steel Axes j Robert Knight, Scituate, for Speeder Bobbins 2 T. H. Burnlon, Providence, for a specimen of his Improved and very elegant mode of Book Binding 4 1). Mood, Providence, for liis improvement in fix- ing the Coulter of the com.-non Iron Plough, to the beam of the same 2 George Hull, for Imitation Shell Combs, of superi- or quality, manufactured at the establishment of .losiah Whitaker 3 Tlie following Premiums, are awarded for the encouragement of young ajiprcntices, on their sev- eral specimens of Cabinet work. Staunton Hazard of Pawcatuck 2 Thomas Stafford, of Apponaug 3 Slukely S. Smith, of Cranston 6 William Greene, of Pawtuxet, 2 Tiie Committee were called on to view Mr Jencks' Alleviator. They highly appreciate its value and usefulness, but it being a Patented ar- ticle, they could not award a Premium. The Committee regret the want of competition in most of the articles offered for their inspection. — They cannot but express their surprise ut the ap- parent unwillingness of the Shop Manufacturers and Machinists, in which this State excels, to furnish articles for inspection when the Society, for their encouragement and benefit, have given the examining Committee the privilege of award- ing premiums in all cases were superior skill or excellence is shown, and which the Committee would have gladly extended to them, had their best productions been presented. WM. RHODES, For the Committee. MILL MANUFACTUnES. Your Committee, appointed on Mill Manufac- tures, viz. Richard Anthony, Geo. W. Tillinghast, Elisha P. Smith, John Greene of Warwick, Sam'l Greene, Samuel F. Mann — respectfully submit the following premiums : For the best piece of Satinet, Mo 37 to Sim- son .Almy, $6 For the best piece of Calico, No 82 to William Sprague, They also recommend an award on Satinets marked A and No 70, to Samuel Shove Also on Stripes and Checks to Barney Merry And on sundry articles No 3 to Thomas Fletcher 10 For the Committee, G. W. TILLINGHAST. PLOUGHI.VC. MATCH. The Committee on the Ploughing Match, having witnessed the skill of the competitors for premiums in this important branch of Agriculture, after a careful and impartial estimation of their several merits, feel bound to award the premiimis aa fol- lows. Tliey very much regret that their limits prevent them from awarding a suitable considera- tion to all the competitors in this interesting task. To Samuel Budiong of Cranston the first prem. glQ To the ploughman and driver of his team, one dollar each ~ To Charles Knight of Cranston, for the 2d prem. _ 8 110 ?loushman and drivel, one dollar each To-leremiah Wilbur of Crans.on, for the 3d prem. To the PluTighman and Driver $1 each To F.arl BaUtr of Warwick, the fourth prem- To the Ploughmau We are sorry to say that the Driver has for- feited his award by deviating from the rules of the Standing Committee. To Henry B. Drown of Nonh-Providence 5th pre m. 3 To the Ploughman and Driver, $! each 2 There were eleven competitors, who ploughed one eighth of an acre each, which was performed in the short space of time of from 15 tf) 18 min- utes ■ all which is unanimously submitted, by WILLIAM N. RliODES, Fo7- the Commiltee. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 27. 183*;. ihe double expanding mould board plough, oh sented as a new invention, neither uas any im Eni'Iish invention, and used in this state for many provement mentioned, hut your Committee consiti ^' years if the two mould boards are removed (and ered the e.xecution and workmanship as excellen "they are removed with care) will be in principle a Messrs Pitciier & Gridley of Patuckct, Count parincr plouo-h, and like the Bog Cutting plough of Bristol, entered for premium, four Bevil Cc xcc-'t the Knife or Coulter on the beam — your Wheels, eij.ht Speeder Spools, vvith several othj Committee cannot recommend a premium A Corn Mill of Cast Iron was entered for pre- mium, but no person appeared to explain its use- articles, all of superior workmanship, the Be\ teeth or Cogs are said to be made in a peculi^i manner, by which much greater accuracy is oj tained in tlie movement of the wheels, and this ii provement in the Cogs is made by a machine I their invention — but as these articles are desia ed for use in manufactories, the Committee do q consiiler them as entitled to premium from the V.1.V' i. \»- fulness; it was not put together, and the Commit tee could form no opinion of it— the entry was made by A. & T. Hanks, of Hartford, state of Connecticut. Mr .Tohii Jones of Hopkinton, County of Middle- sex entered for premium a Corn Sheller, which ciety,but hope they will find a place at the HallJ ilifl'erecl but little in principle from the patent Cast ihe New Kngl.md Society on the S.'jth. ' Iron corn sheller from New York, and in use in) Mr Edward Warner, state of Maine,entered IjU " t'.is state for several years past, the diflerence I day after the time fixed by the Rules of the So^ was in the mode of dropping in the ear of corn, Uy, a Threshing and Winnowing machine, ™ot14h''",, and in the sprino- which serves to press the ears | by Horse power, and invented by him — he WT, T^^Several articles prepared for this paper are I of different si;.es against the teeth, in that from j anxious to have it tried and the result made ptif ^" unavoidably deferred to make room for official re- New York the ear is dropped in end-wise, in this hi,,, it was accordingly set -in motion, and t^j','' ports of the proceedings at the Farmers' Festivals, j placed in side-wise or hoii.ontally, and the spring sheaves of While Straw bearded Spring Wh^"!"- In a few weeks we shall be able to give our usual ; which in that from New York, is perpendicular, placed in the machine, by one man, ar.d one inii 6"' NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCT. 27, 1826. variety. No. VI. The Committee on Agricultural Inventions, Sfc. Re- port, viz : That Mr Ziba Bisbee of East Bridgewater, County of Plymouth, presented for premium six shovels, the plates of Cast Steel, the sockets well secured with clasps or bands of Iron, and proiluc- ed certificates from peisons of respectability in his neighborhood, that he was the Inventor, that the sliovels had been used by Fanners and others, who considered them superior to the Iron shovels, and far preferable at one dollar seventy-five cents the single shovel to any other kiild in use — the Committee recommend a premium of Ten dollars to Mr Bisbee. A Sheep R-ick was presented by Doct. Francis Moore of Brighton, as much improved and better than any in use. It is calculated to prevent the Hay and Hay seed from falling on the sheep while they are fed with grain or vegetables, the Rack is made to swing on two pivots of Iron, one at each in this is hori.ontal; it is also of wood except the teeth or cogs in the wheel, and although they can be afforded" for a much less price than the last Iron Corn Shellfr, yet your Commiltee cannot re- commend a premium. It appeared after the ex- amination of the machine and decision of the Com- 1 ■iiittee that Mr Jones was not the Inventor, but the purchaser of the right, to make, vend, and use in his town or county, and could not be entitled to a premium. E. & T. Fairbanks of St. Johnsbf.rg, Vermont, .entered for premium a pair of Iron Cider Press Screws, the work appeared well executed, but no evidence was given of their having been use.i in the cider press, or of any superiority over the Iron Screws used in t'le Cider presses in this 3tate^ your Committee do not recommend a premium Mr Daniel N.Smith of Warwick, County of j and is now presented by Mr Pope as an iinprov Franklin, entered for premium a revolvmg tii/iber hand machine for threshing in the most thorouj plane, calculated to straighten, square and smooth I cheap and expeditious manner, less complical timber of any length and si- e generally mauc use i than any in use, and from the simjdicity a of in building machinery in Factories, i.'fec. He strength of the machinery less likely to get out end, and is moved with ease, when removed to I produced cerlificates that he was the lnve.:tor order. Two sheaves of White Straw beard feed witli grain it is secured by a single bolt, and | and that one now ■" °Per!it;on_atJ)ecl Unit the l;iboiir is easy ? 1 rillK h-OR lMlI(;i:STl(>N (7USI-KPSM.) "'^'■'^ pni'ts (if pirlven/ed clmivoal, thu'c parts Does It not thraslrhvo bushels ot wheat per , nrngncsi.-^ one part tumeric, (curcuma tnni^^aj weW noon or ,5 Pl |ir, from \\ hiic bearded wheat slraw with the la- , mixed. Two tea spoon-fulls, taken mornrn.r Lir of two men at the wheel, and as easy as ^lie and ninrht, on an empty stomach, dnrinn- 4' nil operation with the floil ? weeks will generally cure the coinplaint " Does it not with tlie labour of three men per- ni tlie labour of six with the flciil ? Does it not get out tiie wheat from straight CON-CORD CATTLE SHOW, &r. O" tl'e Utli inst. the Cattle Show, Exhibition of aw clear, and Iroui mowed or tangled straw j Manufactures, &,c. under the direction of the So- ar as the flail,thereforc calculated for any grain | ciety of Middlesex Husbandmen and Manufactur- ers, took place at Concord, Mass. and was far sn- liorior to any former exhibition of the kind at that place — [Their Reports which are in type must be buy.T lias his (hoi. e at 'M isf plenty of Apricots and bound up ? riie Committee after a full examination and par dar enquiry answered all the five question: )ve in the afiirmative, with this exception only, deferred.] t the Rye straw being longer than Wheat straw | ■— — m lill not, with the same application of power, ush that grain so fast as it does Wheat. They \ ever hope Mr Pope's success will more than lal Ills expectation, particularly in the Rye grow- States where he proposes to exhibit his ma- ne, and for the ingeniiity and meclianical skill ate Father in the first instance, and for any wrong Bremen Geese and Merino Sheep. N PKRRY lias for sale 2 pair of those re JOHi\ rf.Kity haslor sale 2 pair of those relchrated S-eese. Ten Full blood Merino Rams and 30 full hlooil Lwes. The Ewes have been with two Saxony Bucks. Oct. 26. Apply at No. 2 Rowes Wharf. Farmer's Mmanacks. JUST received a supply of the Genuine Farmers irovement he may have since made, that his pe- 1 Mmanncks, by Robert B. Thomas Esq. for shIp in Iar°-e iary compensation (so necessary for the en ragenient of mechanical genius) may prqve and sitisfactory. Ir Turner Whitehouse of Boston entered for Ilium, three mortice locks for doors, they ap- re ' to be executed with neatness, calculated m t.'ieir construction to be durable, and answer uonble purpose of bolt &. catch or latch, with- in,'rcasiu'_f t.iH luacliinery, which was simple less likely to get out of order than the locks Mieral are. Mr W'liteliouse claims the inven- 1 of t'lii lock, and of a ma'!!iine by which he ke^ o It many pyrfs of the lo.;k. that will enable 1 to a:5brd it at a much cheaper rate than if the re wrought by hand. He gave no evi- ice of his bein^ tlie inventor of the lock, or of machine used in making thein, and not being article entitled to premium from this Society, ir Committee do not recommend any, but hope Whitcho'.ise will avail of the opportunity of cing his locks an' machine in the Hall of tlie V England .Society on the 5.5tli inst. our Committee in submitting this report can- help regretting that one of their number did attend, whereby the report was delay'd, they ing waited in the liopp of obtaining his opinion .(id of theirs, but witliout success. , (JORHAM PARSONS. THOMAS W. SUMNER. or small quantities at the lowest prices — \Uo just re- ceived a fresh supply of Stationery — Paper— Fan. y Goods— Account Books — School Rooks and every ar- ticle perlainine to the stationery line, whirh includes a? °TPat a variety and as ?ooiI an as^^ortment as can be found in anv store in thisCity— whoU «ale and Retail by JOHN .M\RSH. No's 96 & 08 Slate street. PRESFRVATIO.V OF PLUMS, PEACHES, &C. Vn English publication states that plums and tches may be preserved sweet through the year the following process : " Beat well up together jal quantities of honey and spring-water ; pour into an earthen vessel, put in the fruits all fresh- gathered and cover them quite close. When y of the fruit is taken out, wash it in cold wa- , and it is fit for immediate use." Wool at Auction. On \VED\ESD4Y. Nov. 8. at 9 o'clock, at Boston, 160 bales fine Spanish Wool 100 " Portuguese " 40 " fine Sjixony ** 60,000 lbs. American fleece ^^ 80 bales I.aniHs " 100 " Smyrna " 'l'bo=e who wilo/.n. hu.idred, or thousand, on moder- ate terms.— Also the large Dutch While, and Red 1 the Champnine «iid (he Black— Red, White and I Oamask Rose tushes.— Senna, Gum Acacia, English grapes,— Red and White Antwerp Raspberries, &c This Nursery, wiihin six miles of Boston and so eas- I ily viewed, stands in no need of that incessant praise, thiMiiterested and artful lavish on some distant N'ur- sc-ries, which they well know are located in ; direclion for supplying people in these Norther For it is an estahlishe.l maxim, of which they cannot be ignorant, that trees of rapid growth ought not to he robbed of their roots in the fashionable way and rtmov- ed from a mild to a colder situation, — but the reverse. However, Yankee sagacilj' is not easily outwitted hence experienced Agriculturists as far south as Rh^ide Island, give a decided preference to trees fr^m Norih- ern Nurseries. Orders addressed to J. & W. Kenrick, and sent to the Brighton post office, or left at Ihe office of Dana & Feniio in State Street, will be duly attended to ; and trees will be packed in clay and niatls for shipping when ordered , but distant gentlemen should always employ some agent to receive and pay for them. On Satur- days, packed trees will be delivered in Boston free of charge for conveyance. In transplating, one year's growth is frequently lost, if the trees happen to survive, by an unreasonable diminution of the roots, therefore special care shall be taken for their preservation. Sept. 15 Improved Black Ink Powder and Liquid Ink. SAMUEL KIDDER & CO. Manufacture Black Ink Powder and Liquid Black ink, of an improved quality. For more than twenty years, S. Kidder has been engaged i,n the manufacture of Ink Powder, and has during that period devoted his atientibn to the im- provement of the composition. The article now of- Ic red the pnblic, is warranted equal to any in the country, lis peculiarities are, a permanent black, without the usual glutinous properties which prevent the easy flow of the Ink from the pen. It is denned unnecessary to assert any thing further in favour of the above named article, but respectfully refer to the annexed certificate. The Ink made by Messrs. Samuel Kidder & Co. we consider uncommonly good, and at least equal to any which we have ever used. Cashier PRESERVATION' OF SEEDS. { seeds are intended to be sent a great flis ice, or it is wished to preserve them a long time iy should be wrapped in absorbent paper, and rrounded by moist brown sugar. friend of the Editor assures us that the fol- ving recipe has been tested by experience, and md efficacious in a common, troublesome, and netimes fatal complaint : Medical School in Boston. THE.LECIURES al Ihe .Mnssachuselts Medical Coihgi-. in Boston, will commence on the third Wednes- day in November. Anat. and Surg, by Dr Warren. Chemistry by Or (ioRHAiw. Midwifery and Mel. Jurisprud. by Dr Chasning. Materia .Vledica. by Dr Bir.Ei.nw. Theory and Practic of Physic, by Dr .Iackson. The advantages for attending Hospital practice at this Instiluti n. are considered equal to those afforded in any city of the Uniled States. 6t. Sept. 22. Kenrick J^Pursery. FRUIT AND FOREST TREEE for sale s usual near the Brighton Post Office. — ursery contains agood varietyof Eng- ; and of Pear trees, from which gen- seasonably apply can ohtain samples of Ki'igbt's new sorts, so highly recommeod- irultural .lournal. Also many thousands of budded apple trees of superior kinds, good size, and allowed by all to be very thrifty and handsome. Sev- ral thousand of budded Peach trees, consisting of a choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts discover- ed in gardens or the market ; the peach trees are from li^-h t.h. llemen who everal of .M ed in the Ag Mass Union Com'wealth Sta'e Snfi'olk N. England American Globe Washington North Bunker Hill Cambridge Bank. Samuel Payson, Chester ^dams, Charles Hood, Geo. Homer, M. S. Parker, Ph. MarttI, John S. Wright, Chas. Sprague, D. A, Sigourney, Gurdon Steele, Henry Jaques, Marlin l.ane, Boslun, July, 1806. 0:5=For '■ale, wholesale and retail, by the Proprietors, UTider Washington Hall, Charlestnwn, Mass. and by appointment, by JOSEPH KIDDER, 70, Court-street, Bostou. oct 27. Books at half price. Family Bibles, small Pocket, and School Bibles,Tes. laments, and Miscellaneous Works, at half price. ALSO, all Kinds of School Books now in use. Account Books, Fine Stationary and Fancy Goods, at unusual low prices, at wholesale and retail, (or Cash. (t5=Good Letter Paper for 2.50 cents per Ream- Quids from 1.25 to $22 per thousand. JOHN MARSH, No. 96 & 98 Slate street, doors east Merchants Row. 112 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 27, IS'JG. XK[iscx:i.i.ANxi:s. The following Hymn loas composed for, and sung^ at the last anniversary of the Hartford JigricuUural Sociity. To Tlipe, O God, the Shepherd Kings Their earliest homage paid, And, wafted upon angel wings. Their worship was conveyed. And they who " watched Iheir flocks by night" Were first to learn Thy grace — Were first to seek, by dawning light, Their Saviour's dwelling place. The hills and vales, the woods and streams, The fruits and flowers are thine ; Where'er the sun can send its beams Or the mild moon can shine. By Thee, the spring puts forth its leaves, By Thee, comes down the rain. By Thee, the yellow harvest sheaves Stand ripening on the plain. When Winter comes in storm, and wrath, The soothing voice is heard ; As round the Farmer's peaceful hearth Is read Thy holy word. Thus we foster'd by Thy care Supported by Thy hand ; Our heritage is rith and fair, And this thy chosen land. Be Joseph yet a fruitful vine Whose branches hap the wall Make Thou its clusters ever thine Jehovah God of all. one's time one's own ; or if not, usefully, innocent- ly and moderately employed by others — a freedom from inordinate passions of all kinds — a habit of living within one's income, and of saving some- thing for extraordinary occasions — an ability aris- ing from rational economy to defray all necessary and expedient expenses — a habit of good humour, and aptitude to be pleased rather than oifemled — a preparation for adversity — love of one's family — sincerity to friends — benevolence to mankind — and piety to God. MATRIMONY. JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's ■siry at Flushing, on Long Island, near jVeii York. IN behalf of the proprietors of the abcrt "^ nursery, the subscriber solicits the orders-* horticulturists who may be desirous of ^toc! fardens and fields with fruit trees of the finei sorts and most healthy ai.d vigorous storks the presei autumn. Bi.ooDCiOOi) i- Co. allend personally to Ike inoni!iitin and engrafling of lilt Ihen/ruil trees, and purchas^ may rely with confidence that the trees they order wl pro The subscriber, agent of the above nursery, will i) Experience has lone pronounced those marriages ! ceive orders for any quantity of „ ,,.„„;„„. ; .,;m,\..„ „„„*...tl„^ nnr.ipc »r» FFIUIT ANIJ FURKST TRF.ES, the happiest, in which tlie contractnig parties are of a condition nearly equal ; so that, when the first ardours of love are abated by time, neither can as- sume a superiority, or think it a condescension to liave acceded to the nuptial alliance. Two friends, when on a visit to one of the east- ern states, rode out in a gig to take a view of the ocean. It was a magnificent, and to one of them a novel sight. As the flood was ebbing, they drove FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at the rii and expense of the Purchaser ; the hills may be p^ to him. The reputation of this nursery is so extensively knoti and has been so well sustained that 1 take 1 fer those in want of trees to any of the Ho' tirulturis in this city and its vicinity, and if ocular denionsiratii d, I invite those %vho wi'h to be thus satisfie out some distance from the main land, and lingered j to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchester pr so long, that the tide was returning before they cured from this nursery for three or four years yiai FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DETRACTION. The lies of an angry detractor are more various than the colours of the prismatic glass, more fan- tastic in shape than the creation of a poet's eye, which gives to airy nothing- a local habitation and a name. To combat tliem is to heat the air. Tlio' the phantoms rise like the heads of the hydra, time usually destroys them. WINTER. The length of the evenings in winter, which renders it necessary to find some sedentary and domestic diversion, may also contribute to render reading a more favourite amusement in winter than in summer. Books enable the imagination to cre- ate a summer in the midst of frost and snow ; and with the assistance of a cheerful fire, whose com- fortable warmth supplies, the absence of the sun, the winter may be made as pleasant as the season of vernal breezes or solar effulgence. DEFINITION OF A LADt's ALBUM. An instrument of /ordure invented by some cruel fair one to rack the brains of her male acquaintance. HEAD DRESSES. A quaint writer observes that " the most elegant women, in the most classical times, adorned their heads with ornaments which raised them so high, as to leave it matter of doubt whether the head was a part of the body, or the body a part of the head. DEFINITION OF WOMAN. A wicked old Greek writer gave the following very singular definition — " Woman is an animal delighting in finery." SOLID COMFORT May be copiously derived from the following sources : a quiet conscience — health — liberty — were aware of it. They immediately endeavoured to urge the horse to the shore, but the animal, frightened at the roar of the surge, refused to | , move, but stood in trembling agitation. So much time was occupied in endeavouring to enforce a movement, and the tide advanced so rapidly, that the foot of the gig was filled with water. At this critical juncture, when tliey were about abandon- ing the gig to secure their own safety, one of the persons recollected he had heard, that throwing a blanket over a horse's head wlien in a house on fire, would immediately subdue him, and he could then be led out without resistance. Immediately, and ome of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy ai vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applicati ZF.B. COOK Jr. Rogers' Buililing — Congress Street. Boston, August, 2oth. 1826. eptf. it took not more time to effect it, than will be con- 1 they not only give their jiersonnl attention, but w sumedin its reading, a handkerchief was tied over bave the still greater adianlagc of being ingrafted Fruit and Ornamental Trei Shrubs, Sfc. SIKPHEN F. MILES & (late Prince- & Mills) proprie] of the extensive Nursery at Fli ing, Long Island, near New (^:fc, offV-r their very choice and a dlection ol Vruit Trees of all the various kinds to wl the horse's eyes, so as completely to blindfold him — the friends resumed their seats, and the horse going at quick time, soon landed them on terra firma. [Raleigh Reg.] JValking Slicks. — Walking sticks first began to be a requisite appendage to the gentleman of fash- ion about the year of 1()5.5, at which time tiiey were formed with an indented head, in order to af- \ wharf, ford, a more easy pressure of the hand which they supported. Ingenuity, which in matters of fash- ion is forever on the alert, now crowned it with the addition of a round and hollow top, which some- times contained nutmeg or ginger, to warm the stomach of the valetudinarian, and sometimes su- gar candy for asthmatic; but snuff soon after com- ing into universal use among the bon ton of socie- ty, the cavity was exclusively appropriated for its reception ; and the meeting of two friends was invariably marked, after the first salutation, by the unscrewing of the tops of their walking sticks. We have seen a Sun Flower of the common kind, says the Wilksbarre Democrat, that measur- ed near twenty inches in diameter, and near five feet in circumference. This perhaps is the larg- est flower in this part of tlie world. Cattle. — Among the fashionable arrivals at Cowes, we are bound to notice Mr and Mrs Coic- dry. Major Bullock, Dr. and Mrs CoiD-an, the Rev. Mr Or-berry, Sir T. Met-calf Mr and Mrs Bull. Mr Butcher, Captain Hyde, and the Miss Skinners. Trees whose accuracy has been tested therefore solicit with the luilest confidence Ihe pa age of the public. The Trees, Shrubs, &c. are in the most thrifty healthy state, the corre<-tness of every sale by th( guaranteed, and the same attention observed in th lection as if the purchasers were present. Orders will receive (ailhful and promp< atten and catalogues furnished on application to HENR BILLINGS, agent for (be proprietors. No. 18 1 rp4t 22, Hinter Keeping for Horses. GENTLEMEN having valuable Horses, may 1 them wintered at a reasonable charge in the ' whtrr- thny may be assured of good keeping, and I ful attention. Inquire at this Office ; cf Mr Grove Boylston Marine Ins. Office, or of Maj. S. Ja Charlestown. oct. | JUST puhlishtd. by Wells & Lilly, the Edinbi Review for June, 1826. ;: CONTENTS. 1— Icon Basilike 2 — Hamilton's Method of Teaching LanguiiJ 3 — Commercial Revulsions 4 — Litigard's History of England. MassacMi- St. Bartholomew f 5 — French OflScial Life 6 — Recent Discovt-ries in Africa 7— The Life and Remains of Dr Clarke. fcy^Published everv Friday at 'I hree L)ollar« per a num. payable at the end of the year— but thwse » pay within sixty days from the lime of subscribing a entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who pi-ocure,/i"i'f responsible subscribf are entitled to a sii'tli volumegratis. New subscribers can be furnished with the precc ing numbers of the current volume. Pu'jlislieil by Joh.n 15. Ulsikll at Uio cornci oi" Cuntrrors and Limhill Sticots, (cnlram c iVom Limlull Street). — Tiio.VA.-i (J. rEssENUEN, Editor. VOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMiJfiR 3, 1826. No. 15. OftlGrlN'VL 1*APKKS. 'caused it to coajiulatc in the ciipilUiry vessels of — —^ - ^-; _ the ulhiiriniiii, and tlicreby ob.striict the ascent of DISEASE IN PEAR TREES. \the sup, when the spring approached in its proper Mr Fessendkn — I was gratified to observe in 'season. our last No. of tlie N. E. Farmer, that Dr Fiske To tlic inquiry " if this disease is the effect of as again ventured upon tlie delicate subject o,' great and sudden ckanges in the weather, wliy he disease of the pear tree. I aijrce with liini sho:ud it not ulTect other, and all pear trees," I that it uir.y be useful, that all the facts liavinT can only 'insv.'or, there may have been in those in- ny bearing on the different theories suggest«i dividiiaJs. a prcdLspositiou lo di.sease, or wliat per- hould be known." The facetious manner th whiiji i haps is more deilnite, it niiiv be owing to their po- ic has noticed the subject, may liuv-ijjp^tendency 1 sition, or to their mature us being earlier hinds, 0 allay any little asperity which .»mliy iiave unr.t- 1 :or as i'a! as my observation has e.xtended, those essanly, and unaccount.'.bly mingled in the di=- vio.-.t affected by this disorder have been of the ussion. I say unaccouptiinly, because the sub ; early lu.-i'l. I am not however wedded to this ect is of so general a nature, and notiiin;; persor- 1 opinion, nnr very .san^' nine of its sufficiency; to 1 minglpil with it, that h i.s strange that any tart dr-^ over the cause of the evil as enisling, is our less could have ceen generatci' uy its discussion I ai-sh, and if any thing is si'ggested more probable In searching after the cause of the disease, it i.^ I as corresponding to the uuilbrmity of the appear- nuch easier to decide what is not, than to defini? } ,i uce of the disease, and adequate to the effect, I vhat IS, "is pi"^'''^'*-''' cause. I shall i^s rea'iily adopt tlio theory""and its remedy, The same disease appears in so many different il:;ces, under sucli diilerent aspects, and opposiej •-ircumst^ini e.«, that it must be conclusive it does lot a.-'se iVom any local cause ; therefore it may le safely inferred, that, where there is no wound 't,,g atmospherical intiuence. n the bud, or in the medulla, that it is not he Srolytus. When the subject is growing |")n warm, dry and sandy soil, it cnnnot be owing :o too much rioislurc ; and our habits of cidtiva- ion are such, as not to destroy our fruit trees with ill I- felling food, or too rich a soil ; (although asol- .lary instance, such as occurred to Doct. Fiske's oear tree, standing near the receptacle of tiie washing of his yard, may sometimes happen.^ However " painful it may be to admit, that there s a fatal disease to which the Pear Tree is sifo- ect, and arising from occurrences as frequent ss Teat chansres of the weather are in our climate,' as: I would willingly extirpate the disease Whatever may be the modus operandi, of one thing I am sano uine. that time and e.xperience will lead us all to look for the cause of this disease in If you or your readers are weary of this subject the foregoing is entirely at your disposal. Your humble servant, Plymouth, Oct. 25, 182C. W. J. APPLE TREE BORER. Mr Fessehde.n. — My apple trees being in some degree infested with the Borer about the middle of June, I carefully examined about 300 trees,reraov- ing the earth round them, and with a knife, wire and chissel, extirpating all I could find. I then applied a white-wash to the trees made of Lime and new dung in equal parts. I apprehend we need not look further for the cause, « ,.1, a c i t i- j „ '/ ., T ,■ 1 , ■ ■ 1 On examining them, alter a few weeks, I found of the present evil : nor can 1 think, (as intimated ,, ,.■ i_ 1 1 i ., ■^ ' '■ -Ithere were some which had escaped my search ; (by Mr Loweil,) that it is any impeachment " of ithe benevolent economy of nature," while v.e con- isidcr the cultivated pear tree an exotic, as to our ■climate ; and although it is in some degree natu- ralii:ed by long adoption, it still may not be so en- during as those which are indigenous. Mr Lowell again says, ''we are in the age of facts and not of theories. The truth is, some great unknown change in our climate, in 1807 to 18'.24 did cause disease f^enerally in the pear trees:" "the pear tree in 1825 began to recover from its long continued debility ; and in 1820 there has Dover been such an appearance of health, vigor, &c. for twenty years." Still as respects the indi- vidual trees which have suffered, may not their present state he an elongation of that general de- bility, or as applying it to them, its climax. In a former communication, I v.'as incorrect in an expression, as not comtnunicatiug precisely the idea I meant ; I am aware tiiat Physiologists agree, that tlie alburnum, or sap wood is formed by the descent of the sap ; therefore instead of saying that the severe cold in March, which suc- ceeded the warm weather of February, checked the rising sap, and formed l%.into gap wood, the al- burnum ;" — to convey my idea I should Iipve said that the seiere cold which succeeded the warm weather of February, checked the rising sap, and and about the middle of September 1 spent half a day destroying what I could then find. Tlie trou- ble of finding them was comparatively nothing to v.-hat it was in June, as the least puncture of the bark by the worm would cause the juices to exude on the tree, which would immediately discolour the white-wash, and be discovered at the first view. At the second search I found some few iarge worms, but generally small, many not more than ^ of an inch in length, which had not pene- trated half through the back. I cannot say that the lime v.ill prevent the insect being deposited in the bark ; 1 have however no doubt it will have that tendency, but it will unquestionably lead to discovery of them much easier than otherwise. I am now picking my winter apples, and in do- ing which I have found in a number of cases the Borer making its ravages in the tree, where the main branches separate ; say five feet from the 'ground. What I have found had not penetrated into the v.ood as they frequently do at tlie root ; but were extending their depredations on the in- ner bark directly where the main branches separ ate, and between them. This, lo me, is a new place of attack of tliis ene- my of our fruit trees. Possibly it may be to nihers If the foregoing facts being made public, should be the moans of saving even one valuable tree, my wishes will he answered. J. P. BHdgclon,.',Ie. Oct. 1(5, 163i;. ^ _ V^ A friend, who is a scientific and practical or- chardist, ass'ires us that there are at least two species of the Apple Tree Borer. That the one attacks the tree at the surface of the ground, and the other makes its lodgments higher upfe the bo- dy of the tree, and generally at the separation of the main branches. The natural history of this insect is not yet, we believe, thoroughly under- stood bj our best entomologists. We hope that gentlsiren of leisure and science, who are attach- ed to horticultural pursuits w ill turn their attention to this subject, and make the public acquainted with tke results of their investigations. [Editor of the N. E. Farmer.] LONG RED POTATOES. Mr FessendeiX. — I this year, planted with pota- toes, about two aci-es of land which had been summer-tilled two years previous — it had been mowirg land and much exhausted. A fair portion of manure was spread on the land before planting, and plaster put on the seed when planted. Half the piece was planted with the "Long Red," or South American Potatoe, the rest with the conimwi white round potatoe. — On harvesting them, I find I have more than double the quantity from the Long Red, which I have from the other ; the land and management being equal. I have planted them for manv years,and always find them much more productive and consider them superior for cc'tlle and ho:js to any othA k^nd,but not good lire. for the table until May and June. J. P. REroRTS or THE MASS. AGB ICCLTURAL SOCIETY. No. VII. Tlie Commiitee on Manvfaciures award To the Shepherd Woollen Manufacturing Com- paTiy, the first premium for Broadcloth $20 " Tlie same for superfine Cassimeres, the first premium 12 " Theodore Lyman of Northampton, for the best specimen of Fine Flannel, the first prem. 10 " Clarissa Fay of New Braintree, for the second best specimen of do. the second premium 7 " Messrs Pitts & Buffum of Mendon, for the best Sattinett, the first premium 8 " Seth Remis & Co. of Watertown, for the sec- ond best do. the second premium 5 '• Sophia Coe of Granville, for the best speci- men of Linen Sheeting, the first premium 8 " Cynthia Thayer of Greenfield, for the second best do. the second premium 4 " Diana Strong of Greenfield, for the best spe- cimen of Diaper, the first premium 10 " Jonathan Varnum of Dracut, for the second best, the second premii'in 5 " Ethan Davis of Hnlden, for the best specimen of Carpetins'. the first premium 15 '■ Jonah Willis of Kingston, for the second best I"": rpeting 7 Various specimens of Needle Work were exhib- ited by pupils of Misses Clarke's, and Miss Hea- ley's Academies in Boston. The Committee re- 114 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. \ v Nov. 3. 18a<). Vol^ commend that a {gratuity of six dollars be paid to eacli of the Mistresses of said Acadeiiiies, to be given to the three most deserving pupils in each. Fine specimens of similar work were e.xliibitei! by Lucy Ann Howe of Hnpkinton, Louisa Ann Bartlott of Kingston, Ann Emevsou of Bo.^ton, Eli- za Ann Bond of Watertown, Louisa W. Bowman of Ne-.v Braintrec, and Miss Cloiigh of Eostoii, and the Committee recommend a gratuity to each, of two dollars 13 There were various other fancy articles, and specimens of useful fabricks deservinj oi' praise for the taste and ingenuity displayed in them — and the Committee regret that they were entered too late to receive a more particular notice. Further Gratuities are recommended to the fol- lowing persons : To Hannah Dunton of Boylston, for ;in e.xtra fine Straw Bonnet 2 For a specimen of Hearth Rugs rnaiiufactuved in a nev7 mode so as to be afforded cheajwr than those of equal quality made in the way heietoforc practised. To Theresa H. Thayer of Greenfield 2 " Cynthia A. Beal of Quincy, for do. 2 [Specimens of imitation Scotch Plaid, were pre- sented by Cynthia Tljayer, and Sophia Coe of sub- stantial fabrick and good colours ; and by the last mentioned lady, a pattern of Cashmere Long Shawls much commended. A gratuity is recommen'!ed to Polly M. Pond, and Ruth Pond, of tico dollars, for an e.\tra fine Lcgliorn 2 To Maria Hartwell and Sarah S. Hartwell of Shirely, for a very fine Spear Grass Hat, and an Imitation Leghorn, two dollars each 4 " To Mrs Olive Prescott for a Worsted Cover- let 2 The Household cloths exhibited were not mark- ed by any distingij^Miing excellence, and though not ordinary, vver"iot better than common. The specimen of Blankets were of good fabrick and fine material, but not of sufficient width to be entitled to premium. Of the two specimens of writing and Drawing Pencils the Committee gave the preference to those manufactured by Mr Munroe. R. SULLIVAN, 1 ■ S. APPLETON, „ GEO. SEARLE, H"'""''""^- J. W. BOOTT. 3 They were much pleased with tiie samples of Treble Gilt Buttons, presented by Richard Robin- son & Co. of Atlleborough. They had the ap- pearance altogether of being as good as the arti- cle could be made. Brighton, Oct. 19, 182G. to be the host, and they award to him the premi- um of 12 dollars. Mr Ebenezer Tidd is entitled to the premium of 5 dollars, for the next best. Of the new cheese that from the dairy of Mr William 'i'ufts, is considered to be the best ; and he is en- title-J to the premium of ten dollars ; — that from the dairy of Mr .Tob Rainger the next best, and he is entitled to the premium of five dollars. Nine parcels of Butter, in jars, tubs, and lumps, wore offered for premium, which the Committee have the pleasure, and satisfaction to report to the Trustees, as in their opinion, superior in fiavor, and manufacture, to most of the samples at any time heretofore exhibited — they award to Mr Lu- tlier Chamberlain of Westboroiigh, the first prem- ium, being fifteen dollars ; to Mr Charles Cutter of Weston, the second premium of ten dollars ; to Mr George Crosby of Bedford, the third premium of seven dollars ; and to Mr Stephen Hastings of Sterling, tiie fourth premium of five dollars. Gen. S. G. Derby, of Weston, exhibited for inspection, 25 pounds of Butter, very carefully packed in a box, similar in construction to those uniformly used by the farmers in the vicinity of Philadelphia; this butter, with the exception of being a little over- charged with salt, is extremely well manufactured — the quantity is not sufficient, according to the rules established by the Trustees, to be entitled to premium. Your Committee are of the opinion, that the sam- ples of Currant Wine now oft'ered, evince an im- provement in the manufacture of this valuable li- quor. Four samples were exhibiled, to wit, from Mr Pomoroy of Brighton, Mr Tappan of Brookline, Mr Kenrick of Newton, and Mriieath of Roxbu- ry. That from S. W. Pomeroy Esq. named by him ' Silenus,' a white wine, is entitled to the premium of ten dollars. John Heath, Esq. of Roxbury, is entitled to the premium of five dollars, iorthe next best. A barrel of Cider was offered for premium by Mr Daniel Leland of Sherburne, which is of a very good quality ; and your Committee recommend I CHESHIRE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual Exhibition and Cattle Show f Cheshire was held at Keene, on Wednesday, t^ ■tth inst. An unexpectedly large assembly of pe pie, and an exhibition of stock and manufacture surpassing in quantity and quality that of any pr vious year, since the first organization of the s ciety, contrary to the predii tions and apprehensioi of many, demonstrated Jiat the interest in the O' casion had not in any degree declined. Between 30 and 40 pens, filled with stock i various descriptions, about thirty pairs of oxe ?nd a variety of Manufactures, consisting of fuUe doths, carpetings, linen and flannels, bonnets, &, Vere presented for premiums. The arrangemeni (Jf the day, previously published, were obs'erve The address, delivered by James Wilso.\, jr. Est' i jj, was highly acceptable to the audience, and con tained much useful and practical instruction. ', A number of new members were added to th Society. The next Show is to be held at Drews ville, on the first Wednesday of October, 1827. Officers elected for the ensuing year. Hon. Stephen JouNsofj, Walpole, President. Tho. M. Edwards, Esq. Keene, V. President. Col. Josiah Bellows, 3d, Walpole, Secretary ani Librarian. Foster Alexander, Esq. Keene, Treasurer. Execvtive l'oini,:i!lee. — Aaron Hodgkins, Wal pole : David Parker, Charlostovvn ; James Dickey Acworth ; Francis Maston, Stoddard; Elijal Bclding, Swanzey ; Levi Chandierlain, Fitzwil liam : Nathaniel Holland, Walpole ; James Chand ler, Alstead. [Keene Sent.] STRAFFORD AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY Met at the court house in Dover, on Wednes- day 'ast, at ] o'clock. After attending to some prepiratory business, the society formed in pro- cession and proceeded to t'le congregational meet- ing house, where, after the throne of grace had een addressed and appropriate sarcred musick liJ> iftl 1(6! ft i liik Id well jr'it *( jt & (lad been performed, an address was delivered by that the Treasurer be authorised to pay to him tho James IjAaT:.r.TT, Esq to a numerous and respecta- premium of fifteen dollars ; they are of the opin-| ble audience. The address was replete with use- ion that Mr Leland has succeeded better in mak- fu! information — v.'as highly gratifying to the ing this cider, than any he has heretofore exhibit. I hearers, and did much honour to the speaker. — No. VIII. The Committee on Agricultural Experiments, to ■whom was also committed the inspection of sundry articles of Manufacture, for which premiums were, offered — Report, That four parcels of Cheese of more than one year old, and twenty-five parcels of cheese of the present year, were ofi^ered for the Society's pre- miums ; these several parcels, excepting 3 chees OS ofiered by Mr Stillman Pitch of Sterling, were entered by Joseph Bowman, Esq. in behalf of twenty-six different families, inhabitants of the town of New Braintree in tlie county of Worces- ter. Of the old cheese, that from the dairy of Mr Daniel Hunter, is considered by yoiy: Committee ed. The process adopted by him, seems to you Committee to be unexceptionable, t!ie more so, if wiiich they cannot doubt, before grinding his ap pies he causes the unsound ones to be carefull' excluded from his cider mill. Mr John Perry cf Sherburne, sent to the Society's Hall for exhibi- tion, several bottles of Cider, manufactured by him in the years 1891 to 1835, inclusive ; whicli he states to be free from any admixture with tlie juice of the apple. The liquor in most of the bottles proved to be sound, and of good flavor. All of which is respectfully .submitted, by THO'S L. WINTHROP, i WM. PRESCOTT, } Committee. BEN J. GUILD. ) Brighton, Oct. 19, 1820. The further claims for premiums on Agricultu ral Experiments, will not be decided upon until the Trustees' Meeting in December next ; afford- ing time for the competitors to exhibit the evi- dence required — soon thereafter the Committee will make an additional report. To keep Cider Sweet. — Rack off thirty gallons of cider, put in one gill of fine salt, and one pound of chalk. This will keep it sweet two years. The publick services were then closed by prayer and sacred music ; after which the society pro- ceeded to the choice of officers for tho ensuing year. The following gentlemen were elected : Damel Hoit, President. Francis Winkley, sen. and Levi Jones, jun. V.. Presidents. Asa Freeman, Corresponding Secretary. Samuel Emerson, Recording Secretary. John S. Drull, Treasurer. Elisha Hanson, John Williams, Daniel Tucker, Lyman B. Walker, Moses P. Brown, Thomas S. Abbot, William W. Piollins and Samuel Tilton, Executive Committee. Levi Jones, John Williams, and Wni. W. Rol- lins, Committee for auditing Treasurer's accounts. Daniel M. Durell, James Bartlet, and Daniel M. Christie, Committee to revise and publish bye-laws. [N. H. Republican.] The Nantucket Journal of the 20th Oct. states that there are on that Island about 8000 inhabi- tants, 150 horses, 400 Cows, 1000 hogs, and 2000 sheep. Corn was 90 cents per bushel, oats 50 cents, hay $'i'i per ton, oak wood $6 17 cents, and pine $4 50 per cord. All these articles were scarce. I 5 Vol. V No. l.'i. '; Tt) KINDLE A COAL FIHE. ; ' Let tlio stove ov grate l)e empty or nearly so : ^ t in a few blocks of dry wooil, or a liuiidful or * 0 of charcoal,!!! the bottom, set lire to these and ' ler them over with lM!nps of coal, about the si.-.e "' a walnnt ; shut the stove door or put up the ' )\vcr : and in five minutes the whole will be ig- ' ed, when the stove or the grate is to be filled with coal. If the grale is of a proper si.^e, and 3 draft properly regulated, a supply of coai eve- twelve hours, will keep the fire gointj from one ir's end to the other. No person need, uiilfss chooses, let his fire go out more than once a ar. We will take this opportunity of correcting an ror, which seems to be very ce!ierally entertain- , that our coal requires a very powerful draft to ep it in a state of ignition. After it is once ig- ;ed, nearly the reverse is the fact. It requires a ick draft at first until the fire is lighted, that is you are in haste to have the room warm, but not eiu ise, and then the drart necessary to ignite a lod fire is amply suiBoieut for one made of anth- cite coal. There ought to be some mode of ickening the draft in evei-y convenience for us- 11 T stone coal; for the facility of speedily kindling d increasing the fire. But when the fire is once nited, no more draft ought to be applied to it an w ill just keep the coal in lively combustion, lere are but few chimneys which have^^not more aft than is necessary. One other matter ought be observed ; the bottom of the grate should t be more than four or five inches from the or. [Miners' Jour.] Jse of Sulphur and Sulphuric Acid to promote VegetafioTt. The following article is extracted from Memoirs tlie Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agri- ! Iture vol. ii. page 20'-), and was vvritten by the j Dn. PcicHARD Peters, formerly President of id Society. " I have on garden plants, long and freely used iir of sulphur ( on melon vines particularly) to stioy and expel the grubs and flies. I have per- ived them to thrive, but attr!buted their vigour being freed from annoyances. I have also used Iphur wiiter on fruit trees ; to banish or destroy hides. I plaster most plants ; and therefore ve supposed that the gypsum alone had benefit- d them. A small infusion of oil of vitriol (sul- luric acid) in a large proportion of water, pro- otes vegetation inj and banisiies insects from irden plants. It would be well to make some periments with the sulphur alone, or combined 1 a variety of plants, on those of the trefoil tribe he different sorts of clover] especially. I do not •e whv the sulphur, in substance should not pro- ice efforts similar to those of its derivative, sul- mric acid. But plaster is, with us, cheaper and , greater plenty." The late oenevole!it and much esteemed John >liv(r, o( Baltimore, who died about three years] nee, bequeathed the sum of $'211,000, for the ratiiitous education of the children of Irish par- r.ts. The institution has been in operation about ,vo years .-md a half, and we learn from the Ga- etle, of that city, that 184 boys and V20 girls, received the benefits of a common English ducation.— .V. Y. Gaz. NEW EMGLAND FAKMEil. \h IMI'OllTANT HINTS O.N SHKEP KEIiDINO AS MAN Lf F ACTUR K ll'S MEETING. AFFECTING woor.. At a numerous meeting of Wunufncturers of A superabundance of food at one time, and a j ^^'"o"''''"^' ''^'<' at the Exchange ("oftco House, scarcity of it at another, were what the native in- stincts of this animal taugJit tliem to avoid ; and thus the same economy may be brought home to our observation every day ; for in proportion as this obtains, the constitution of tlie sheep is aflcct- ed, and a material injury accrues in the growth of its wool. Sudden transitions, also, from heat to cold, alternately, promote and obstruct perspira- tion, and materially retard the regular growth of Oct. %\ the Hon. Be/aleol Taft of Uxl.ridge was called to the chair, and J. li. Krown was appoint- ed secretary. A very general and free interchange of opinion was communicated by gentlemen froiu different parts of the State, on the Woollen Manufacture in this country. Its unparalleled depression, and the causes Uiat have produced this depression, were dwelt upon at considerable length by the Hon. Mr the wool ; for on examining the fleece of a sheep i Tufts, of Dudle>, Col. Shepherd, of Northampton, that has been exposed to the change of a close en- 1 Mr Wolcott, of Southbridge, and by Mr Abbot closure at one period, and turned out upon an open Lawrence and Mr J. Clapp, of Boston. The down or heath at another period of the same sea- Chairman and the Secretary also addressed the son, or to changes from high feeding at one time ' meeting. The sentiment in favour of memorializ- of the year, and to great abstinence and hunrrcr at' '"2 Congress was general, and a vote, that it was the other, these circumstances will all alternately \ expedient to adopt a memorial at this meeting for appear in the growth of the wool, which will be ! i" increase of duties on Woollen Goods, to be foi^ found composed of in-egular shoots, and equally | warded to Congress at their next session, wd^ destitute of uniform fineness and strength. It is j unsimmOus. Jf therefore from a regular temperature of climate, f'oferf, That Messrs J. B. Brown, J. M. Robbing, which the regular changes of situation affords to I "'"'^ James Wolcott, be a Committee to prepare the flocks of Spain throughout the year, that the great superiority of the Spanisli over other "luro- pean wool is chiefly to be ascribed. [Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire, p. 499.] The Sheffield manufacturers have produced an alloy which tliey have named ' Peruvian Steel,' which is reckoned superior to the best Indian wootz, of which the far famed Damascus blades are manufactured. The experiments of Messrs. Stodart and Farrady have greatly contributed to its invention. Fifteen hundred skeins of elegant sewing silk, were to be exhibited at the Bristol fair in Taun- ton, 28th ult. manufactured in the family of Ja- bel Ingraham, Esq. of Srekonk, and dyed with a variety of beautiful colors. Cotton seed gas is again talked of. If it is the good thing it is said to be, why is not the experi- ment made on such a scale as will establish the importance of it, and give value to that which is now wasted. Solvent for Putti/. — To move panes of old glass from sashes, spread with a small brush, a little ni- tric,or muriatic acid over the putty and it will soon become'soft, and can be removed without injury. such a paper and report the same to this meeting. In the course of the evening the committee re- ported a, memorial which was unanimously adopt- ed, and the committee were instructed to forward it to Congress. Voted, That Messrs J. B. Brown, J. M. Robbins, and Lewis Tappan, be a committee to correspond with manufacturers in other States, and to solicit the aid and co-operation of all persons who feel an interest in the success of this important branch of our national industry. Voted, That the thanks of this meeting, be pre- sented to the Hon. Mr Taft for his services as moderator of the meeting. J. B. BROWN, Secretary. The Merrimaek County Cattle Show and Exhi- bition was fully attended in Concord, N. H. James Patterson of Dunbarton had the premium of $10 awarded him for the best cultivated farm. This gentleman, we understand, who has 5 or 6 hands in his employ, used less than ojic gallon of rum on his farm during tlie past year, and has publicly expressed his determination to use none nt all the ensuing. This is a great improvement in manag- ing a farm. Thirty pumpkins, weighing 348 lbs. were pro- duced this seiison from one seed in the garden of Capt. Samuel Warren of Marlboro' in this state. A correspondent informs us that a physician in the west has cured a patient who was dying of the lock-jaw, by causing his legs to be immersed to the knees in fro?h w-rm ley. [Bait. Am.] A gentleman lately arrived from a West India island, which he left in very weak health, found, on landing here, that his/rtVni/^ had Ainrf<^ ship- ped a cask of rum for \ns preservation, believing he would die on his pnssaoe- The gentleman, however, recovered, and hopes to turn the rum to a better account. Tlivgwarms. — A salve made of hard soap (called y some, rosin soap) and ginger, rubbed on ring- rorms wUl cure them. Mr Sparrov.-, surgeon at Brixton, met his death lately by sligiiily puncturing one of his fingers while dissecting a body. Not Sea Serpents, nor falling Mountains to ex- cite terror and alarm — but one old fasioned Yan- kee Yellow Pumpkin, I selected from among many others of nearly the same dimensions, of this year's growth, on my farm. Weight 52 lbs. circumfer- ence 53 inches. Weighed and measured in the the presence of four wjtnessess, on the 7th inst. by me. WM. FOOT. Durham Oct. 11, 1821. Middletown (Con.) pa. We have many reports from Greece and Tur- key. Bui there is no confidence in the first read- ing, as we cannot tell for sometime, whether we have been attending to the truth or falsehood. Maryland has just emancipated the Jews in that State, and two have immediately been chosen among the Representatives of Baltimore. Some of the valuable trunks lately lost on Lake riiamplain have floated on shore — So much bet- ter is paper money than specie. Thanksgivings. — In Connecticut,Nov. 23; Mass- achusetts and Maine, Nov. 30 ; New York, Dec, 7. 116 NEW ENGLAND FARxMER. Nov. 3. 1 sai). [" EFERRED ARTICLES MIDDLESEX CATTLE SHOW. The Concord Gazette, (from which this account is abridged) states that "the number of people that attended, was far the greatest we have witnessed at any former meeting ; and the exhibition in eve- ry respect the best. The Ploughing Match was the first thing attended to, and excited great inter- est. The Neat Stock was excellent, and gave ev- idence of great improvement. The Working Cat- tle were spoken of in the highest terms. The Sheop and Swine were of the first rate. We can- not particularize without doing, we foar, injustice. — We, however, would mention a bull cdf, seven months old, presented by Mr Stow, of Stow, as we verily believe, the largest animal of the kind that this State ever produced of that ago." Among the household Manufactures commended by the Concord Gazette were Carpets, Hearth- rugs, Blankets and "nusieroiis Counterpanes." — "tthf re was less competition in some articles than Wb could wish. — And we liope to see more atten- tion paid to Linens, to Linen Damask, ai.d to plain Cloths and Flannels. The Broadcloths from the Saxon Factory, were highly finished, but not so good as we have before seen from this high- ly respectable Company. Many articles of fancy and taBto from the hands of our female friends, were exhibited ; among which we observed sever- al pieces of Lace, wronglit in a superior manner by Miss Davis, Miss Bon'd and Miss Barrett, — also a box of Artificial Flowers, by Mrs AnA.Ms, which were p(pnounced equal to the best import- ed. There wOT©..exliibited some specimens of Im- itation Leghoins, equal in be;iuty and vv-orkm-tn- siup to the best imported : and we understand that the cost of making one of them, the other vi'e did not hear stated, was estimated at three dollars and fifty cents'. With grass in abundance, and those acquainted with th^' arts of manufittiirin'T it, why should our Ladies wear " tar fetch'd and dear bought" Leghorns, when as good or better can be made at our own doors .' " Among the fruit presented, were some of the largest and finest pears and apples we liave ever seen — and wo were highly gratified to see the same fine fruit upon the table at the time of din- ner. The fruit brought upon the table was pre- sented by Col. Rice of Sudbury, by Mr Isaac Mu.NROE of Lincoln, and Mr Richard Ricuaru- soNofAehby. Two of the Pears presented by Cel. Rice weighed over 31 ounces each. Some of the apples presented by Mr Richardson were large and- excellent, and what is remarkable, they were the produce of a scion engrafted two years since. Two large beets were presented by Mr Hezekiah IIemenway of East Sudbury, which measured two feet in circumference." A procession of the members was formed at ten o'clock,nnd proceeded to the Meetinghouse, where the audience was highly entertained with good singing, a good prayer by Rev. Mr Stearms, and a well adapted address by Rev. Mr Bascom. — After the services at the Meeting-house, the sev- eral Committees proceeded in the discharge of their duties. At two o'clock, the members sat down to a good dinner at the Middlesex Hotel. — After dinner the following regular toasts were drank, accompanied with great applause, viz : The iiead Team of our Nation, tliough it has one piod off ox, which disregards all rules,is strong enough to break the voots of Old Hickory. Our Governor. — He holds the plough of State with an able hiiiul — may he long have awarded to him the first premium. Agriculture, Manufactures, and. Commerce. — The first furnishes the foundation of good living, the other two, the sails and rigging. The differences between the workmen in the Manufactories of Old England and New England. — The one with an allowance of "a pint of oat meal a day," the other with a plenty of roast beef and good cheer. The Greeks. — May they receive sauce from other Countries, the better to enable them to pick the bones of Turkey with a good relish. The heart of the Commonwealth, while it givers a htad, let it not by its vote, say to the head, I have no need of Ikee. The opposition race horses in Congress. — Like asses, more unnd than bottom, and more bottom than head. Old Bachelors and Old Mnide. — A cold set — may they be to.asted, till they are melted together. The good farmer Lafayette — who when we were ciiiting up the tyranny of Old England,«Ae/ie(i out cash for us, and l;elp'd us thrash the British. VOLUNTEERS. By R. Ilosmer, Esq. President of the Society. Our Agricultural Associations — they are this day honored by, and honor the first Magistrates of our Governments. By Beiijn. Di\, Esq. 1st Vice President. The Clergy — may they soon lay aside their creeds, anv parti) dissentions, and preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ. By Josiah Adams, Esq. 9d Vice Presilent. The memory of Cain, the tiller nf the ground, and of Abel, the grotoer of tvont ; may the soil of the hus- bandman ne\er again be cursed by the blood of tlie manufacturer. By Hon. John Keyes. The three main pillars of our Government — the Farmer, the Mechanic, the Manufacturer, let thera hung tof'ether, and Ir-t those, who would sever and destroy tticir interests be — hung separately. I By Rev. Nath'l Kowc. Agricultural Societies : — may they continue to flourish, till the whole earth becomes like the garden of Eden iu its orig- ' inal state. ' By Col. Daniel Shattuck, Treasurer. The Ora- tor of the day — he has given us excellent precept, may we excel in practice. ;' By Nathan Brooks, Esq. Secretary. The Farm- ers of Middlesex — may they have that spirit of in- dustry and prudence, which will keep them from being knock'd down by ardent spirit, or hauled up by law or physic. PL0UGHI.\G MATCH. The Committee on the Ploughing Match, at the Middlesex Cattle Show, &c. ask leave to submit the following Report: i The piece selected hy the Committee of Arrange- 1 ments, was very favourably situated and well cal- ■culated for ploughing, being a smooth and even plat of light grass land. It was laid out into lits one eighth of an acre each. The number of coui- petitors for the prizes was seventeen. In order that all might have an equal chance, in case of any supposed difference in the quality of lots, thev were numbered and the ploughman drew for num- bers. The Trustees by their vote decided " that Tktii the time, in which any plat of ground should bei ploughed, should not be taken into consideration,, unless it e.xceeded thirty minutes." The least timfe '•"'■ that any one took to perform his work, was tweii* "* ty minutes, and the greatest time thirty-one min utes. The Committee after carefully examining th^ work, came to a result as to the numbers to which premiums should be awarded, though in some ca- ses attended with difficulty,all having done so well The first premium they awarded to number seven-i tee*, drawn by Abiel H. Wheeler, who ploughet without a driver, and finished his lot in twenty- nine minutes. The second premium to number] twelve, drawn by Geo. M. Barrett, work perform-j ed in twenty-five minutes. The third premium ti number ten, drawn by Augustus Tuttle, who per- formed his work in twenty-seven minutes; an.l th fourth premium. to number thirteen, drawn by Luk Fiske, v.'ork performed in thirty-one minutes. Thi Couunittee would remark, that so well was thi work done by all, tliey reget that more premi-im: were not at their disposal,and that they found task no easy one, to decide who should rect iv8 those ofl'ered. They are further of opinion, that those who stood competitors for prizes to ay in the I'loughing Match, nii^rht well challenge an equil number lo the: field in any place. The Committee were highly eratified with the- great regularity whiih prevailed among ihe^ plou'/l'.men, and with the appoanince of the cattle' when they had completed the task ; they were put! to the work in good style, and left it without re-j prouching their drivers as hard masters. j For the Committee. J JOHN KEYES. || Oj^The other Reports will be published soon, ' CANKER SORE THROAT. The following Receipe for the canker Sore Throdt, has been handed us with a request that It might be published for the benefit (Jf those af- flicted. 1st. Take Barbary Root and boil it into a strong tea for the gargle. 2d. Take Sassafras Root, large standing Black- 1 berry-Root, blue Wortleberry Bu.sh, KealaK, Beach,' drops, St. Joiinsworth, five finder leaves, gold* thread and Hysop,about an equal quantity of each,) boiled into a tea sweetened with sugar, to be i drank shortly after the gargle. If all the above i articles cannot be pronirod,- make use of suchj part as can be found, [Catskill Rec] i APPLES, ' We have before us an apple of the pippin kind,, which weighs twenti/fire ounces and a half, and * measures fifteen and three quarters inches. It waa^ taken from the orchard of Mrs Catherine French, widow of Joseph French, near Moorestown, New Jersey, This is, we believe, the largest apple that )iag , been publicly noticed this season, it is at any ratet the largest we ever saw, — .V, /. paper. It seems that more than 100 waggons, with 4 or 5 men, and as many horses to each have gone into the wilds of Missouri to collect Hone;/. Letters from Leghorn, of the 25th .\ugust, state that the oil crop will be next to a total failure; but, in the absence of all commissions, not much rise is. e\pected. There was a little firmness in the mar- ' ket. I Vol. V. — No. 15. NKW ENGLAND FAKMEU. 117 NCWARK M.VRSHKS. *» There are extensive tracts of iii;irshy land in the inity of Ncwiirk, N. .1. some parts of wliicli "Ave been brought into cultivation by banking, "jUtchinf;, liming, &c. and now produce g'reat crops grass, corn, oats, flax, potatoes, and other veg- JLibles. A.NTHo.w Dky, Esq. who has reclaimed ': 0 acres of these marshes, states the expense sclusive of the first price of the land,) at 43 dol- per acre, aiul estimates that the annual net occods of the reclaimed lands will amount to '"?,.50 per acre. He says he has mowed this ason on some of his lots from three to four tons good hay per acre. The price of hay in the V of New York varies from 10 to .*'Vii per ton ; ; average price is abo 'f *15. It is estimate:! K' at there are more than 1^0,001) acres of unreclair.i- salt marshes in the vicinity of N. Vork Those ont Newark ar*^ composed of dark mould, eight et 'eep, resembling peat. Sir Dey says stable manure may be had in the ty of New York 'or cjirting it .away. This is range. VV^e believe that the farmers in the vi- iiity of Boston pay i high pri(;e for manure in at city Hump. Gnz. Saion;/ Sheap. — At the public sale of Saxony icep.at Brighton.on Tuesday !(iLh ult. I'M Bucks id 7i. Kwes, imported in ship Tartar, bvo.i^bt .j.5,- 4 ; the Bucks averaging ^--Jo 8fi, .highest $71) d the Kwes 8Vb 25, e;ich, (hit'-hest *49) ; i /4 icks and 30 Ewes, imoorte'l in siiip Catharine, ought .*2051 .')(); the Bucks averaging 89 71. iehest .$■?!)) and the Ewes .*12 05 each, .liighest 20) ; H)5 Merino Sheep, various qualities, b'-ought om S5 50 to $Ut>, each. Ter;ns — Ciisli, or six ontlis en interest. fore he awoke. In a few minutes more he would from 75 to fS7i cents per yard for flnniiel, by the either luive fallen a sacrilicc to the flames or llic piece. Many pieces were sold at these rules, and smoke. We hope this narrow escape from death [ the cash, of course, paid on the spot. But the will serve as a caution to others. — A". Y. D. Adi: | number of pieces did not at uU satisfy the demand - — ■ 1 for the article, and it is probable, had there been Caution to Farmers. — The Marietta, Pa. Pion- , ;J0, or even 40 pieces more every one might have eer of Oct. 18, says, we are informed that several , heen sold. We do not intend to confine our re- very line horses have died in tliis neighborhood, j marks to fine flannel in particular, nor indeed to within a few days, in consequence of eating new any kind of flannel. Almost every article of do- corn. 'Tis a pity, as good horses arc scarce with jniestic produce will sell at its full value, if brought "s — I' 'S. Gaz. to these annual Fairs. Uose blankets sold at ' eight dollars the pair ; Broadcloth, at 7,35 and 8 At the Hillsborough County Cattle show, &c. on ^^^^.^^^ the yard ; Car|.ets at )i!l,25 per yard, &,c. the -JOth ult. the hrst premium in the Ploughing ^ variety of otiier articles were struck ofl" without Match, was awarded to the plough of Mr Tobins, , ,;„.,,,;j„„^ g^ thai in the course of about an hour, ot We ire, who is nearly 80 years ; he drove the ^ f,.^^, ,^00 to 10(K> dollars worth of domestic manu- plough himself ,vith all the agility of youth. factures were disposed of. Without saying more .\ pear 1(5 inches in circumference,and,weighing on this subject, the above facts it is thought, will 40^ ounces, grew on the farm of Capt. Munroe, be sufficient to convince those who have domestic near New-Brunswick, N. J. It was of the bell articles for sale, that the Society's auction is the s;>eci('8. [Con. Gu/.] j best occasion to dispose of them. i';iere is now to be seen, in the Botanic Garden ' '''be Broadcloth above mentioned, demands par- in Colchester, a pnmrkin, weighing upwards of 53 1 ticular notice. It was manufactured by Mr Knight U's. .rrown on the premises o''the estr.blishment. | at the Tirilfville Factory, nine miles from this Fine ripe strawberries „n.l raspberries of thej'=''y- The wool, of the Saxon vari_ety, c.arne tVom secon 1 growth were for sale lately. in Belfast, Maine, the flock of Maj. Henry Watson, of East Windsor The cloth, black, contains 75 threads of filling to. the inch, and for beauty 01 dressing and intensity of v-oiuur, is seldom if ever e.xceeded by any for- eign cloths we have seen. The Grass Hats tliis year are thought to be su- perior to any heretofore offered. Miscrllaneous Aitirhs. — Many articles which hive no place in tlie li.-t for which the society of- fers premiums were exhibited. Some of these, of xtraordinary merit, ohtained small pri es, from a A Sweet Potato was raised in the garden of a 'ntleman in East-Hartfofrl, which measure'', in ngth twenty inches, was fourteen and a quarter ches in circumference, and weighed five pounds IT ounces when first dug. The wei^iit of all that sre known to have come from tlip smieiiill was even pounds eight ounces.— Co'?. .Mir. ISiibscriptions are going on amongst some agri- nlturists, for the purpose ot scni'ing a person to ic Continent to ascertain at what price foreign irn can be grown and exported from '.\\-i- sev- al kingdoms : and wl-ether the return for such i>rn is made in money or goods. Otlier snbsurip- ins are promoted for the employment of a person examine Mr Jacob's Report. — English paper. Both chesnuts and walnuts may be preserved iring the whole winter, nearly in tiie same state ley come from the trees, by covering tlieni with lOuld, as potatoes are usually covered in the gar 3ns of cottagers, and mingling a sufficient quan- ty of moderately dry mould with the nuts to oc- upy the spaces between them. Reading in Bed. — We have received a commu- ication on the above subject, in whicli the writer alls upon us to caution the piiiilic against this racticc, from the indulgence of which many seri- us evils have arisen. He informs us that a young lan of this city, who has indulged in the habit for ome time, of reading in bed by candle light.l.ately 11 asleep, holding the book in his hand, which oming in contact with the blaze, was burnt to his and,when it fell upon the floor and the fire caught le bed clothes, which were in part consumed bc- CATTLE SHOW, &c. AT HAIITFORD. The ninth anniversary of the Hartford County Agri.'-ilturul Society was celebrated at the city of H.!r:ford, 01! the ilth anl l'3lh of October. The Tciiowing stitement ot the proceedings on this oc- c.si -n was published in the Hartl'ord papers. Jjo.nustic .iluinuds. — This part of the exhibition >is usual, took place at tlie South Green. The namher of animnl,, present were fully equal to that j sum set apart by the Society for such purposes.. of the hist year, and in the opinion of competent Amou.' Jhese we noticed many which exhibited judges, for beauty, weight and worth, this was the m'rks o^great ?kill and ingenuity. finest e'hiSiti'oii of animals we have yet ha-L— One Urn, and two Coffee Pots, manufactured by i Among tlie animids of the neat kine, the famous j the Messrs. Con'-dmans of this city, of Brittania Wye Comet, of course took rank, but many other metal, were not inferior to any foreign specimens animals of the same description, and particularly I of this kind, we have ever seen. of the Holderne?s and Devonshire breeds, were | A groce of Giit Buttons, from the factory of much admired. The H'orking Oxen weTe SRJ.i to ' Haydens & Co. of Waterbury, were sold at (i dol- ; be superior in si. e and str^nsrth, to tho0. onds. Miss Eliza Mott of this city, sent for inspection an elegant and beautiful Lace Veil, worked with her own hands. If other specimens of such skill and industry e.xist among us, we hope to see them at the next Shov/. Two beautiful Bonnets made of the down of Milkweed, (Asclepias) attracted much notice. I By the Editor. — We should be happy to receive Mr Hiram Porter of this city, offered specimens' communications, on the very important object of of Bellows, of superior workmanship,made by him- 1 the above enquiry, from any gentleman who will i ing, ought, when it is laid on, to be well moistened self. I be so kind as to favor us with the information so- with the cement liquor ; which is also to be em- liie plank. To the wetted sand are to be gradual"' ly added fourteen pounds of the purified lime, tem-l pered in the same manner as fine mortar ; with' this composition are, by degrees, to be mixed, foiuteen pounds of the bone -ash, and the whole, beaten quickly together ; as the sooner and more perfectly these materials are tempered together, and the quicker the cement thus formed is used,- the better it will answer the purpose. This Dr Huggins calls the ivater cement coarse grained ;, it is to be applied in building, pointing, plastering, stuccoing, &c. in a similar manner with mortar,) or common stucco, it ought to be worked expedl tiously in all cases ; and, in stuccoing, sliould be} laid on by sliding the trowel upwards on it ; andll "* that the materials used with this cement in build-- Messrs G. & H. Frances e.\hibited two pair of licitcd. In the mean time we will submit the fol steel Carriage Springs, maHe in their shop, and | lowing from the last Philadelphia edition of Wil- considered, at least equal to the first rate impoit- i lich's Domestic Encyclopedia, written we believe ed. by Dr Mease of that place. After the exhibition, the Members of the Socie- " A patent was granted to Dr Higgins, for his ty marched in proccssion,attended by an excellent ( invention of a" Water cement, or stucco for build- band of music from Canton, to St. John's Tavern, | ing, repairing, and plastering walls, &c." The vhere they sat down to a table groaning under a component parts of this cement, are drift or quar- profusion of goodly meats, vegetables and sauces; certainly one of the besf agricultural dinners ever served to the Society. The vegetables as well as the meats, were highly praised, and we are since told by the landlord that they came from his last year's premium farm. The cider, drank on the oc- cassion, was partly from the landlord's cellar, which was four years old, and partly from Mr ry sand, cleansed by washing, and carefully strain- ed from clay, salts, and calcareous, gypsous, or other grains less hard and durable than quartz ; after which it is dried, either in the sun, or on an iroH plate in a furnace, in the manner of a san^ heat. (Sand from the Delaware only requires sift- ing.) To this must be added, fourteen pounds of the newest lime-stone that can be procured ; and Goodman's premium barrel. It is therefore need- which heats most in slacking, and slacks soonest less to mention their qualities. ] when duly watered ; (which is fresh and closely After dinner the Society moved to the State \ kept,) dissolves in distilled vincj^ar with the least House, and from thence to the ploughing ground i effervescence ; leaves as little as possible of an as usual. insoluble residum, and contains the smallest quan- On Thursday, the second day of the Show, the | tity of clay, gypsous or martial matter. Tliis must Society assembled at the State House, and from i be previously sifted in a brass wire sieve, as finely thence proceeded to tlie North Brick Church, • as possible, and slacked, by being repeatedly im- where the opening prayer was made by the Rev. , merged in, and quickly drawfi out of, a butt tilled Mr Goodrich of Berlin ; two odes were well per- ! with soft water, till it be made to pjfss easily thro' fnrmcd by the choir, and a very able and instruc- ) the sieve ; rejecting that part of the lime which is five Address was delivered to the Society by the ! too coarse. The patentee directs to continue the Rev. Charles A. Goodrich of Berlin. The Rev Mr , process, till as many ounces have been passed Hawes made the concluding prayer, after which lirough the sieve as there are quarts of water in the Society returned to the State House to hear j the butt. The impregnated liquor must stand in the reports of their Committees, and award their the vessel, closely covered up, until it becomes onvet iij'li premiums. ! clear, when it should be drawn oft' through wood- NEW ENGLAr^D FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOV. 3, 1820. OJ'The Report on the Management of Farms ' en cocks, as fast and as low as the lime subsides, to be inserted in our next. I being now fit for use. Dr Iliggins denominates ^—j ».^^.^— 11 .11 ..i.ii...» I this solution, the cenier.ting liquor. Fifty-six lbs. of lime, prepared in the same manner as before, arc next to be slacked, by gradually sprinkling on it the cementing liquor, in a close and . clean place. The slacked part must be immediately sift- ed, and the lime, if not used instantly, kept in air tight vessels ; care being taken to reject those pieces which do not pass througli the sieve. This richer lime, the Doctor caWs pvrijied lime. Bone- ash is then prepared, by grinding the white - burnt bones, which must be sifted much frner than that commonly sold for making cupels. Tlie prin- cipal materials being thus prepared, fifty-six lbs. of the coarser sand, and forty-two of the fine sand, are to be mixed on a large plank of hard wood, placed horizontally, and spiead so that it will st.".nd to the height of six inclies, with a flat surface on the plank. This must be wetted with the cement- ing liquor, and whatever superfluous quantities of it will not incorporate with the sand, must flow oft' FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PLASTERING FOR WALLS, &c. Mr Ff.ssenden — I would be very much oblig- ed to you, if you would have the goodness to in- form me which is the best method of plaistering outside a stone house, for what is called Smooth Casting. We are building here a large house which we calculate to finish in that way, and paint it white. The stones, blue lime stones, have been chosen thin, about three or four inches on purpose. I will thank you, if it is not too much trouble, to be very particular in your description of the mate- rials, and of the manner of using them. I should think that an article in your valuable paper, giving ployed, if necessary, in wetting the cement, or re- ducing it to a fluid state. Wlien such cement i^. required to be of the finer sort, ninety-eight pounds)) of tlie fine sand are directed to be wetted with the.'' cementing liquor, and tempered with the purified lime and bone-ash, in the manner already describ- ed ; with this only variation that fifteen pounds of lime are to be used instead of fourteen, if the greatest part of the sand be as fine as Lynn sand. This is called water cement fine-grained, and i.-; to be used in giving the last coating to, or finishing, any v.'ork intended to imitate the finer grained stones, or stucco : it may, nevertheless, be applied to all the uses of water cement coarse-grained, and in a similar manner. Whenever, for any of the above-mentioned purposes, of pointing, build- ing, ^'c. a coarser grained and cheaper sand is re- quired, fifty-six pounds of the coarsest sand, or of fine rubble well washed, twenty-eight of the coars- er, and fourteen pounds of the fine sand, are to be- mixed together, and wetted with the cementing liquor, as above directed ; to which fourteen pounds, or somewhat less, of the purified lime, and a similar quantity of the boue-ash, are to be ad- ded ; and the whole tempered together in the manner already mentioned. When the cement is reqiiired to be colourless, sand, lime, and the WMite:>t bone-ash, are to be selected. Grey sand, and grey bone-ash, formed of half-burnt bones, are to be chosen for making the cement grey. — Other colours may be obtained, by employing col- oured sand, or by mixing the necessary quantity of coloured talc in powder, vitreous or metallic powders or other durable ingredients, usually cm- ployed in making paint. This water cement, whether coarse, or fine grained, may be used in forming artificial stone, by making alternate lay- ers of cement, and of flint, hard stone, or brick,. in the moulds of the intended stone and by ex- posing the masses, thus formed, to the open air, in order to harden. When such cement is wanted for water-fences, two thirds of the prescribed quantity of bone-ash are to be omitted, and an, equal proportion of powdered tarras to be substi- tuted : and if the sand be not of the coarsest sort, more tarras must be added, which should not ex- ceed in weiirht one-sixth part of tlie former. When a cement of the finest grain, and in a fluid form, is required, so that it may be applied with a brush, flint powder, pounded quartz, or other hard, earth- ' y substance, may be used instead of sand, but in | smaller quantity, and in proportion to the finenass f ofthe flint, or other powder, so that it shall not f amount to more than six times, nor less than four "' times, the weight of the lime. According to the i Vol. v.— No. 1." NKW ENGLAND I AllMEU. 119 renter or smaller tiiiantity of lime, the cement ill be more or less lisble to crack, by quick dry- g. Wlierc the saiul above ilescribod, cannot be uivcniently procureil, or, where it cannot be ashed and sorted, that which bears the greatest ■semblance to the iiii\tiirc of coarse and fine sanil, ay be selected, provided due attention be paid to ;?(|uantity of lime, which is to be increased, when e sand is tine, and to be diminished in proportion its coarseness. In situations wliore sand can- : lie procured, nny durable stony boily, or bakei: irth, :;rossly pcvdcred, and sorted in a similar anner, may be substituted by measure, but not • weight, unless such gross powder be of the me specittc gravity. vSand may be cleansed 3m softer, lighter and less durable matter, and jin those particles which are too tine be wash- O^^-Wo understand a boaiitiftil lOnglish thorough bred horse, well calculated to improve our breed, was lately landed from on board 11. 15. Miijesty'e ship Neimcn, and is now for sale in this neighbor- hood. ftSf *f, % J\'ew England Society for the encouragement of ' miinufacturing and .Meckanic Arts. An Exhihi in under the patronage of this Society took place the -Jolh ult. in the Hall of the New Market. ant of room compels us to be very concise in r notice of this display. Among the machines u! models were a representation of a Marine ail Way ; another showing a new mole of as- nding an acclivity with wagons on a common Rail oad ; Baker &. Greele's new invented Printing ess ; Smith's Machine for plamn:^ timber &c. ; 'inslow's Machine for pressing bricks ; a Teles- pe by Mr Geo. French of Canton, &.c. There ;re also .samples of White lead from the Salem anufactory, and from Philadelphia. Alum from lem Bsi'l from Newton. S iper'ine Broadcloths )ni Shepherd, Goodell & Bottondy's M;;nufacto- 's. Boston Glass, Cut Ware. Crown, Window ass, iS:c. of very fine (pi ility. Prints, Furniture, lintz. Salt, Grass Bonn 'ts. Shirtings, Sheetings, >ds. Bed-steads, Hearth Rugs, Muslins, Pur | oves by Mr Warren of Stow, &,c. &c. The Society's Medal was awarded to each of following Manufacturers and individuals. To the Tauuton Manufacturing Campany for 2 best Furniture Prints — To do tV) best fancy ints. — To the Wolcott Manufacturing Co. for St piece Broadcloth. — To the Shepherd Wool- ■1 Man Co. best Cassimere. — To the Ipswich ce Man. Co. hest Lace. — To the Boston Hat in. Co. best Hats. — To Nathaniel Perry for tent Windlass Bedstead. — To the Misses Par- T, of Fit?william, (N. H.) for two Bonnets in I itation of Leghorn Straw Brnnets. — To Mr. | arren, of Stow, for Fur Gloves. < VVri.MAM I'l'.INCKpiopri- ( lor nf this rstablishniiut, nS< re 111 the public the mo»l cxti-ii- ~ive collfclioii-ol I'ruit?, Orua- .neiital Tiers, and Tlants in Ainnica. 'I'he Kriiils have been stkcfed l>y-tctual hiVes- tigation nf lh»^ir merits, and ii.arly all of which are engraft- ed Iron; be-uinj^ trees the selection, which has the particular pursuit of his father and himself lor more than half a century, he thas spared neither pains nor expense, and such as did not possess particular* merit have been rejected and thtir accuracy has been tested by the best authors of he age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 new va- rieties of Kruits not to be found in any '•ther collection, in Ameiica, and which include the most celeliraled kinds Ibat have within a few years past been hronsht into notice and recommende.l by those distinguished Horticultiiralists, Van Mons & Ouquesene. and by Mr Knight, President ef the Horticultural Society of Lon- don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the Fruils sent from this estahli^haient. the proprietor refers to the Hon Jonathan Hunnewell, E.nd other genilemen m Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized hi- estab- lishment for the last fiftv years, and partirularly to the fruit of the various kind- with which the Roston mar- ket is now supplied from the extensive coUection of frees furnished the late Pr Olivej Smith, Secretary of the Massachusetts tgricullural Pociely, who, nuiie than thirty years since, had ffvral thousand trees an- nmlly, tviiich were distributed among the members of that ^ssoriation. It may perhar? he deemed worthy of notice fhat near 100 varieties of the fvnits offered for sa'e, hy the proprietor, are different from those niill- vated liy other establishments under the same names, and the identltv of every fruit sent by him, the proprie- tors exprecslv aruarantees. Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the snbserlher, and orders left with him, (if from a distance post paid) will meet prompt attention. JOSEPH BR111GK, .'\»ent for the Propriefor. No- 25 Conrtlreet. Boston. " Sep. 99. .'Ilium, Superior allum from the Salem I.ahoralory in bbls. of 300 lbs. net, for sale on the most favourable terms. Refined Saltpetre, in kegs of 10 1 lbs. net,— (lom the same Laboratory. Du Pont\i (lunpowder, by the cask or sinalli r f|iiarilily. Shot Sf lialls, at wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices. 1-. C'0('F.L\M>. Jun. 6.'j Broad Street. oct. 13. tf Farmer^s Mmanaclis. JUST received a supply of the Genuine Farmers Almanacks, by Robert B. Thomas K«q. lor sab in large or small quantities at the lowest prices — Also just re- ceived, a fresh supply of Stalionery — Paper — Fancy Goods — Account Hooks — School Books and every ar- I tide pertaining to the stationery line, which includes as great a variety ami as good an assortment as can be found in any store in this City — wholesale and Retail by JOHN MARSH, Ko's fl6& 9!! S|ate5tr^ft. For sale, SOO Merino Sheep — principally Ewes. 100 ill Windsor, County of Berkshire, under the care of Edvv'd Wilhingfon, 100 in VVinchendon, Coun- ty of Worcester, apply to Seth Tucker Jr ; 100 in Millon. County of Norfolk, apply to .\athl. Tucker; also, the wool sheared the last season from said theep at Winchendon and Milton. There will be no bucks with the above sheep until the 20th of this n.onth. Mifton, Nov. 3, lf:26. PRICES OP COUNTRY PRODUCE. TCRPENTIjNE a RE:>!EDr FOR DYSEyTERT. A friend of tiie Editor informs that having seen article in our paper recommending pills of tur- ntine, such as is obtained from the White Pine, Weymouth Pine, he was induced to advise its al in several cases of Dysentery, for which dis- der the said pills proved a speedy, safe and ef- ;tual remedy. JVool at .fluction. On VVFDNF.SDAY, Nov. C. at 0 o'clock, at Boston, 160 bales fine Spanish Wool 100 " Pnrlngnese '• 40 " fine Saxony " 00,000 lbs. American fleece " ■ 80 bales l.aml.s " 100 " Smyrna "• Tho^e who wish to have thtir Wool sold at this sale, are requested to forward their invoices on or before the 2d November, in order to have It representi d on the Catalogue. COOLIDGE, POOR & HF,AD,Aucl'rs LARGE APPLES. A gentleman from Holliston has e.xhibited at the ew England Farmer ofHce, 8 apples which weigh- in all 8i pounds. The largest weighed 23 oz. ley were raised by Capt. Timothy Miller of Hol- ton, Mass. The apples are of a bright red, and called Governor's Jlpphs. They are said to be duced from a graft, but whether the cion was native or foreign origin, we cannot learn. Bremen Geese and Merino Sheep. JOHN PERRY has for sale 2 pair of those celebrated geese. Ten Full blood Merino Rams and 30 full blood F.wes. The Ewes have been with two Saxony Bucks. Apply at No. 2 Rowes VVharf Oct. 2G. Medical School in Boston. THE LECTURES al Ike .Massachusflls .M-dical College, in Boston, will commence on the third Wednes- day In November. Anat. and Surg, hy Dr Warren. Chemistry, by Dr Gorham. Midwifery and MeH. Jurisprud. by Dr Channing. Materia Medica, by Dr Bigelow. Theory and Practic of Physic, by Dr Jackson. Th" advantages for attending Hospital practice at this Institution, are considered equal to those affirded in any city of the United States. 6t. Sept. 22. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, I BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. ne« CHKESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEKl) FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - - Rve, best, - - - i GRAIN, Rye j Corn Barley - - - . Oats - - . - - I HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - I HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, I OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern I PLAISITR PARIS retails at ; POPiK, Bone Middlings, niw, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, " - Clover WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashi do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lanvh's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st so provisiojX market. BEEl'', beft pieces - - - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, ... VEAL, MUTTON, - - - POULTRY, - - - BUTTER, keg & tub, lump, best, EGGS, - - - - - MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, do. - POTATOES, CIDER, liquor, (new) lb. cask gal. ton. bbl. bush lb, FROM 1 25 80 00 95 00 1 62 10 00 7 50 6 00 14 10 83 5 50 5 75 3 25 76 «3 90 50 10 Si) 75 2 50 14 00 11 25 10 00 2 67 8 33 25 30 25 20 40 30 D. C. 2 00 85 00 97 00 1 7 10 25 8 00 G 25 15 10 6 II 90 5 62 6 00 3 50 78 86. 96 55 n 1 00 80 2 75 14 50 11 60 10 fO 3 55 50 33 35 30 25 46 35 18 25 20 I 00 . 00 40 1 37 120 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. a, it-at.;. nXXSC££<3:.AHXES. The following Hymn, together unth the one which we published Inst week, page 112, was com- posed by a Lady and Gentleman of Hertford Con. and Sung at the .Anniversary of the Hn rlford coun- ty Agricultural Society, October lith, IS2G. God of Nature ! God of Love ! Smile upon our festive rite, Thou who bidd'st the Seasons prove Circling sources of delight. Spring, a rainbow promise bears, — Summer decks the ripening plain. Autumn sings amid his cares, Guiding home the loaded waiii. Winter, "vvith his snowy vest, Revels in its blended spoil. Lulls the wearied earth to rest. Braces man for future toil. Morning, bright with golden rays. Evening, dark with ebon pall. Speak in varied tones Thy praise, Architect, and Sire of all ! We, for whom yon groves are drest. Yon green vales their treasures pour, Still by liberal nature blest . With h(^r most luxuriant store. " We, to whom indulgent skies Plenty, health and peace impart. Bid in fragrant offerings rise Incense from the gratefal heart. EPIGRAM. When Harry was old, to Maria he said " Mj' dear if you please, we will marry." Maria replied with a toss of the head, '• I never will wed the Old Harry!" He waited till all her gay suitors were gone. Then cried, " a fine dance they have led you. The hand that I prnffered, you treated with scorn, And now, the Old Harry won't wed you I" rOR THE NEW ENGLAND FAR.MER. THE .MEDICAL PROFESSION. As life abounds with misery, tlicy are to be considered as the greatest men and tlie most lion- ourablc members of society, who arc best able to relieve it. What avails it to miserable man that a new planet is discovered ; or a new moon belong- ing to an old planet ; or the doctrine of innate ideas ; or liberty and necessity confirmed or invalidated .-' But it concerns liini beyond e.xpress- ion, when a remedy is pointed out for the gout, the stone, a fever ; for blindness, deafness, lame- ness, madness ; for the preservation of his life, or the lives of those, in whom his whole happiness is involved. FALSE DELICACY. There are persons so extremely refined and so delicately nice, that conversation, as it is common- ly conducted, even among tbe sensible and well bred, affords them but little pleasure ; and as it appears among people in the middle rank, persona of plain sense anfi simple manners, puts them on the rack. But this excessive delicacy originates more frequently in excessive self-conceit and ex- cessive ill nature, than from any great superiority of taste or discernment. The pride of such pre- tenders is flattered, and their malice gratified in finding something in every one, who has the mis- fortune to converse with them, wrong, defective, and dlisagreeable. PETTY AVARICE. From a strange inconsistency in the human mind, it sometimes happens tijat aien vvlio are generous and bountiful on great occasions dis- grace and distress themselves by a parsimony in trifles which are beneath their care. The charac- ter of such a petty miser has always atforded a topic for raillery and deri^ion.but, perhaps it ought rather to be viewed wit/i pity, as it appears to be a species of insanity. PROSTITUTED PRAISE. "Praise undeserved, is satire is disguise." A man of sense is as much on his guard against un- deserved and immoderate praise, as against the prescriptions of a quack, or the puffs of an auction- eer. A weak and vain man is deprived of the lit- tle sense he ever possessed by the intoxication of flattery, and then becomes a goose ready spitted, and a proper subject for roasting. IGNORANT CRITICISJI. The greatest excellence is tlie most likely to be misunderstood ; for few are qualified to be com- petent judges of singular preeminence. They I vvlio would form a sound judj^uient in learning, in arts, or in life, of an exalted degree of perfection must themselves possess it, and be able while they give the criticism to furnish the example. EVILS OF AMBITION. Persons who live in their families a regular and temperate life, performing their relative, social, and religious duties, enjoy more tranquility, and self possession, than the various trihes that are struggling to emerge from tlie level on which their birth and circumstances placed them. Such as thes"^, ever restless, taste not the pleasures of repose ; and as the desires of ambition, like those of avarice, increase with possession, they are strangers to contentment, the sweetest ingredient of life. MILITARY GLORY. Julius Ciesar, according to his own confession, in the conquest of Gaul occasioned the loss of one million two hundred thousand lives ; and it is sup- posed that the civil wars in which he was engaged destroyed an equal number. Two millions four hundred thousand men, murdered to aggrandize one man ! Large Peach. — We have -seen a beautiful peach of the Lemon Cling stone species, wliich was rais- ed in the garden of S. F. Denison, Esq. of tliis borough, and weighed ten ounces. It is the hand- somest specimen of fruit we have ever seen. [Stonington Yan.] Extraordinary escapr- from t Wolf. — On tlie 14tli of last month, a little girl, named Barbara Dusek, was employed in tending a herd of cattle near the village of Ivanezi, about a league from Agram, in Croatia. All at once, the child was attacked and bit by a hungry wolf. A very remarkable circum- stance, or rather a wonderfiil interposition of Di- vine Providence, is the manner in which tho chil 1 was saved from the wolf, to which she seemed al- ready to have fallen a prey. The cows and oxen graying in the meadow nil ran to the spot, attack- e I the wild beast with their horns, and thus de- livered the child from certain death. Its cries, and the extraordinarj' commotion observed among' the cattle attracted the peasants at work in tlie fields to the spot. They immediately went in pur- suit of the wolf, and had the good fortune to kill it the day following. JAMES BLOODGOOD & Co JVnrsery at Flushing, on Long Island, near J^e York. IN bei.alf of the proprietors of the abo^Sf nursery, the subscriber poiicits the orders li horticulturists who may be desirous of ^tocl[ irdi lis and fields with fruit trees of the fine? sorts aud most healthy and vigorous slocks the presen autumn. Bloodgood & Co. allend personally to the inocu'alu and evicrnfling of all Iheir fruit trees, and purcha may rely with confidence that the trees they order prove ginuiiie. ( The subscriber, agent of fhe above nurserv, will re ceive orders fo any quantity cf FRCnT A'VO FUREj'.T TREES, FLOWERI.MG SHRUBS, AWD 1 : «, PLANTS. ( And the trees will-be _deliv,ired in this city at the risl an 1 expense of the Purchaser ; tliB bills may be pai to him. I'he reputation of this nursery is so extensively knowi anil h.i? been so well sustained that 1 talre lean to re ft-r llios" in Want of trees to any of the Ho ticuilnrisl in tl is city ami its viciuiiy, and if ocular demon!-'.!; iE desired, 1 invite those who wi'h to be thus satis !o examine the trees iu my garden at Dorchester ciirifl from this nursery for three or four years p; sornr; of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy ai vigiTDUs stale. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on app'icati to ZEB. CdOK .Ir.) Rogers' Building — Congress Boston, Avf;ust, '251 h, lS'i6. eptf. Dr A. G. Hull's Patent Hinge Truss. ^ [From the Mew York Medical and Physical Quarts ly Journal, No. 15, for Sept, 1822.] " We take some share of reproarh to ourselves i not having before this noticed the ^■c^y great injpron ments made by Dr. Hull in the construction oftrussa The truth is, it is only recently that our atteiitii n Hi particularly directed to the subject ; and we were sm prised to find how vastly superior the invention of 111 Hull was to any instrument of the kind which ^ heretofore come within our knowledge. The priucM on which it is constructed, appears to us to be iquall just and original ; and the very gratifying succe which has attended its application, abundantly col firms the soundness of the theoretical principles I which it was suggested. .\mos G. Hull, M. D. Dear Sir. — Since our interview at my bouse I ha the satisfaction to inform yeu, that I hav of a rupture of 15 y-ars continnance by (be use of Truss. I found on the first trial that it was. more" fectual ill retaining the bowels than I hare ever used. 1 s^on found that a favoural change had taken place and I supposed myself cui About this time I was reduced very low with Ty fev>-r, as I began to recover I again found appeariS of the rupture. I applied the Truss again and few weeks found myself cured. I continued the |ii strument about oil" year « hen 1 left it olfand (or tSl last three years have been quite bee from the COB jilainf. I am respectfully your friend and s( n't. SAMUEL WOODWARD, iW.D. Welhe:.iJiM, Cl. June L 1S26. [The following notice is from Dr. Shiirlleff. who hi had the best opportunity of witnessing its good elfecli. " I have for.sev( ral years used Dr. Hull's )iate> Truss both for niahs andfcynahs. In ernij case it ba jjiveti relief and in many a perfect cure. BENJAMIN SHURTLEFF." Boston, Aug. 9, 1S26. This Truss is for sale by EBENEZER WIGHT Druggist, Milk, opposite Federal street, Boston. !)^PuMished everv Friday at Three Dollars p< num. payable at the end of the year — but those Tvlli pay within sixty days fronj the time of subscribing (tfi entitled fo a deduction of Fifry Cents. Gentlemen who procure.^w responsible subscriber are entitled to a sixth volume gratis. I 1 '!i^.ii':l bv JoHx U. KusSKLL at tiic corner of Congress ami hindall Stn^oH. (I'nlninci; iVoni Linilall Slro(^t)^7,-THo.MAs G. Fe ssENDES, Editor. \<>L. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMiiEK 10, 1826. No. 16. 0 5ilG!NAL PAPERS. [TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH.] l-L.rlicullurcl Garden, Brookhjii, \ Long IsLnd, m October, 18^0. ( Mk Fessenpe.n- — I have seen in the New England Farmer of the "^and Si.|.tcmber last, a letter of Mr LoVvei.l of Ko.xbiirv. relative to soine I^oars which he received of Mr Kmgiit, president nf tlie London IJor- Itiiral Society ; for .some of which he was indchtoil to iny brother .lo- M !'ar'.!entif.r of Holland, member of the National Institute and other mod Societies. I send yon the following table of the Pears whicli he esses, which was inserted in the fifth volume of the transactions of said ?iotv, of which my brother is a corrospondinw member. Tiie table points e tunes of their maturity, their size and taste. The last column shows which I possess, and am willing to dispose of. Tins list comprises eatest part of the pears of Flander.s ; and those belonging to my T are such only as he could speak of from e.\perience. This table, I nk, w ill prove interesting to the amateurs of fruit-trees, as it is composed new fruit, and gives some directions relative to its management. With much esteem, yours, ANDRE PARMENTIER. Time when I can Size, furnish them middling good 1826 sma 1 mid. middling good 1827 large mid. large do. 1826 J\'itnes. Winter anibrette, amire roux. Ananas, Angis pear, Angelique ef Bourdeaux, Summer'archidue, Baycrnont rondrosienne. Beau preseut.or cuissc mad'e August Bean sainte Bernardo, autumn Belle & longue, Bellisime, Brocae bergamot, Bergamot of bussy, cassolette, crussane. liTien ripe. Qualiti/. November melting September do autumn do wititer brittle March do September lightly tneltsni.all do. 1826 autumn melt, sweet middling good 1827 meltino Summer bergamot, Dutch bergamot, Bergamot of Met/, Easter bergamot, Destrycker's bergamot, Minion bergamot, Bergamot niza, Bergamote des paysans, Whitsunday bergamot, Bergamot quercy, ronville, silvangc, soulers, Swiss bergamot. White beurre, or vergalieu,Ortober Beurre cnssiaumont. coloma, crappaux, of afnighem, of England, of Arembcrg, of Caen, of Diel, November melting- September do-. ".■• October do Feb. March do September brittle December melting September do winter do winter do MarchApr. brittle October melting September do April, May brittle September melting May, June, brittle April, May half meltingmiddling feebl October brittle middling feebl melt, sweet largo good 1827 do large good 1826 melting middling good do large good 1826 do middling good 1826 melt, sweetlarge good 1827 do large good 1826 large good 1826 large good 1827 large good 1827 large mid. large gooff T826 middling feebl middling good 1826 large good 1826 small good 1826 large feebl middling good 1827 large feebl middling good 1827 small good 1827 middlinr <■ feebl middling good 182t) large good 1826 autumn autumn October October autumn autumn do November melting November do September do Jan. — Feb. do middling good 1827 middling good 1827 large good 1826 large good 1826 autumn melt, sweetmiddling good 1827 November melting very lar. good 1826 good 18"7 ) Golden uearre, or d'ausson, autumn melt, sv/eetlarge Bourre I'lival, November melting large good 1826 duquenno, autumn do large good 1827 i Golden gray beurre, winter do large good 1827 I: Beurre extr.i, November melting large good 1S26 45 Gray beurre, ■16 Beurre ranee, 47 Red beurre, 48 (Sreen beurre, 49 Besy chaumontcl, 50 d'hery, 51. vaet, 59 of caissoy, 5;l ofchassery, 54 of la niottc, 55 Summer good christirin, 56 English do 57 Good chiistiun of angli, 58 Summer golden do 59 Winter do do 60 Turki do do 61 Bostonian, 62 Musk bourdon, 63 Major, or bourguemcstre, 64 Wooa or bosch pear, 65 Dutch c,".labash, 66 Calabash, 67 Caillot rosat, 68 German camerling, 69 Cani\ette, 70 Chaptal, 71 Charles of Austria, 72 Citron of carmes, 73 Citionelle, 74 Musk colmar, 75 Colmar (the small) 76 Colmar, 77 Craraoisine, 78 Anthony crassane, 79 Delices of nrdenpont, 80 Delices of Charles, 81 Dorothea, 82 Double rousselet, 83 Duke of Berry, 84 Dutchess of March, 85 Dupre, 86 Winter thorn, 87 Eschasserie, 88 Red thorn, 89 Green summer do. 90 Havay melting, 9) Brest melting, 93 Dutch do. 93 Pariselle do. 94 Favorite, 95 Fourcroy, or nature'e marv 96 Frangipane, 97 Gloux morceau, 98 Gloutone dupuis, 99 Gratiote, 100 Golden drop, 101 Large circle, '02 Large roman, 103 Large stem pear, 104 Gros blanket, 105 Gros monarciue, 106 Gros moufliii, 107 Gros muscat, 108 Gros palentin, 109 Large bergamot, 110 Jargonelle, 111 Inconmiunicable, 112 Josephine, do uielting large good 182!! March, .'\pr melting very lar. good 1826 autumn melt sweet large good autumn ineltmg January brittle November brittle January melting April melting winter melting November melting- September brittle April brittle winter brittle September brittle May, June, brittle November brittle August melting April brittle November melting October melting middling good 1827 large good 1826 small feebl large good 1826 middling good small feebl large good 1827 middling good 1826 large feebl large feebl large feebl verylarg good 1S26 large feebl middling good 1827 middling feebl large good 1826 large good large large large autumn brittle large good 1827 October melting large good 1826 October melting large good 1826 autumn melt, sweet middling good 1827 April, May brittle middling good 1827 Dec. Jan. brittle large feebl 1826 autumn melt, sweet large good 1827 August melting middling feebl September melting middling feebl autumn melting middling good 1827 winter (nelt. sweet small good March, Apr melting large good 1826 August brittle large good 1827 November melting middling good 1827 November melting large good 1826 winter January October October March August October melt, sweet large good 1826 biittle^ melting melting melting melting melting September brittle August August Sept. Oct. April winter April autumn elautumn October Dec. Jan. Septemb. August Septemb. December Marcli,Apr brittle Septemb. brittle July October April July large middling good 1827 middling good 1827 large good 1827 small good large feebl 1827 m ddling feebl small good small good large good 1827 middling good 1826 middling good 1827 melt, sweet large good 1827 brittle middling good 1827 melt, sweetlarge good 1827 n\elt. sweet middling feebl melting melting melting melting melting melting melting melting melting brittle large good 1827 large feebl very lar. feebl 1826 middling feebl large feebl large feebl middUng feebl middling good 1826 large feebl large feebl half melt. holf melt. brittle melt, sweet middling good November melting middling feebl autumn melt, sweetlarge good August melt, sweet small good Feb.March brittle middling fesbl winter melt, sweetlarge gu.>>lie2' 122 NEW ENGLAND FARMEH. Nov. 10 1,-ii;, 113 114 115 11(5 117 118 119 120 12! 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 12) 130 131 132 133 134 135 13G 137 138 139 140 141 342 143 144 145 140 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 150 157 158 150 160 161 102 103 164 165 166 107 108 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 January autumn August November meltin Deceiyjlipr brittle December brittle Louisa bonne, Madame green, Tbe magdalena, Maria Louisa, Marquise Martin sec Martin sec at Provins. Mary pear Marveille d'hiver, Golden Messire jean. Grey do. Mervielle d'ete, Milanese or Great Brituin, Nov. Dec. Cavelier Milanese, Mouille bouche, German muscat, Muscat Robert, Napoleon, New golden. Summer orange, Winter do. New orange. Swan's egg. melting large good 1826 melt, sweet middling good 1827 melting small I'eebl large good 1826 large feebl middling feebl November melt, sweet small feebl Sept. Oct. melt. Bweet large good 1827 November melt, sweet large Hutumn melting large November brittle middlin September meltin, brittle melting melting melting half melt. Palentin, Pass* tutti, Passa colmar. Grey pafTa colmar of Preccl Dec. Jan. Septembc April, Ma July November melting Sept.' Oct. melting August brittle Feb. March brittle Septombcr melt, sweet middling feebl November brittle large feebl August melting middling good November brittle very lar. feebl Jan Feb. melting large do melting large feebl feebl feebl middling feebl large good IBa^f large good 1627 middling feebl middling feebl middling feebl large good 1826 large good 1827 middling feebl middling feebl 1826 December melting large autumn melt, sweet large September brittle melting melting melting brittle Pastorale, Pastorale or coniperette. Grey skin, Pepin sauve, Petit blanquet, Almond pear. Pear of belloeil. Canning pear, Pear Chartotte, t ear of capucin, Silver pear. Pear of austrasia. Pear of jesus, Pear of prince, Quinte pear. Shepherd's pear. Pear of jesuite. Pear of seigneur. Fig pear, Golden pear, poire d'or. Gray pear of cassieman. Pear oflouvain, Pear mondieu or rousselet September melting Pear of noirchain, Septemb. melting Without skin pear, October melfiiig Without kernel pear, November brittlo Santa Cru.x pear, Septemb. melting Sugar pear, poire de sucrc October brittle Apri August October August winter winter Jan. Feb August October October August October Januarv melt, sweet large melt, sweet large good 1826 good 1826 good good middling feebl middling feebl small feebl large good 1827 middling good good 1827 feebl 1827 brittle melting brittle brittle melting melting brittle large feebl middling feebl large good 1826 small feebl small good middling feebl middling feebl Feb. March half melting middling feebl autumn melt, sweet middling good JS27 October brittle October halfmeltin December melting Oct. Nov. melting large large small Peach pear, September melting Portail du poitu, April melting Ramelier, May, June, melting Q,ueen Caroline, November melting Robine, August melting King of Rome, Dec. Jan. melting Rousselet of Rlieims, September melting Winter rousellet, autumn Summer royale August Royalc d' hiver, winter melting Sang-'e d'ltalia, ileur rouge, April brittle Sanguinolo or Wine pear, August brittle Winter St. Bernard, winter Saint Germain pear, Nov. Dec. melting Paiut Ghillain pear, Sept. Oct. do Saint laurent August do middling feebl 1826 middling feebl middling good 1827 middling good 1827 small feebl small good 1827 feebl feebl good 1827 feebl middling feebl middling feebl large feebl large good 1897 middling good 1826 middling good 1827 small good 1820 melt, sweet middling good 1826 melting small good 1826 large feebl large feebl 1826 middling feebl melt, sweet large good 1827 large good 1826 middling good middling feebl Sanspareille, 100 couronne autumn melt, sweet middling good 1827 Sartiere, November melting large good 1827 Green satin, autumn melt, sweet middling good 187 Early cluster, 188 Soguette, 189 Somelier of claizor, 190 Red sugar, Sucre rouge, 191 Sucre vert, 192 Superfondant, 193 Urbaniste, 194 Summer Vermillion, 195 Ice pear or virgouleuse, 196 Volmeronge, 197 Yutte. August melting October brittle November melting September do November do November do November do August do November brittle Nov. Dec. melting autumn melting' small good ,] middling good i middling good 1, middling good 3| middling good 182$ large good 182^' large good 182(3 middling good good 182< feebl good 182; large large itl A HINT IN SEASON. Mr Fessendes — It is so important for the farmer to command a gj iii stock of manure, that every method to increase his resources to that eff deserves attention ; none more so, I believe, than the collecting of leave this season of the year, when the wood lots offer a great abundance ol tli« But although in practice with some, yet the greater number of farmer.^, it presumed, neglect to avail themselves of this valuable privilege. I have been for years in the habit of collecting leaves fur littering cattle, hogs, &c. and experience has so far confirmed and established tlir nit fulness of the practice, from the comfort it affords to the creatures, :i;.rid;.;e has been in possession of his farm, in West Hartford, about three years : and, in tiiat sliort time, more than half of it consis- ting of ninety acres, has been converted, from cold, sour low lands, nnd a worn out ridge, into beauti- ful and productive fields, Johnsv.ort is followed by a lu.xuriaut growth of corn and potatoes ; Hard- hack has given place to Timothy ; and miserable serpentine fences are superseded by substantial ones, wliich are a fine specimen of neatness and accuracy. The buildings are neat and convenient, and the barns are constructed with a commenda- ble degree of attention to the important subject of manure. We rejoice to find scientific men engaged in our favourite pursuit, with the zeal which is here evin- ced; and doubt not that, under the directing hand of its proprietor, aided, as he is by the manual skill of Mr Tuttle, the present tenent, this farm will soon become a model of systematic husband- ry. The farm of Mr Harvey Marshnll is on the Wethersfield road a mile south of Hartford. — When it came into the hands of Mr Marshall, two years since, it was, and for many years had been improved as a pasture ground. Although natural- ly of a rich, warm soil, the crop was poor both in quantity and quality. With this Mr Marshall ad- opted a course somewhat novel, but completely suc- cessful. By a very abundant top dressing of man- ure in the fall with herdsgrass seed, and a free usf? of the harrow, he now cuts two large crops of the first quality of hay. Situated as he is, the same labour' and manure could in no way have been converted to so ready a profit. In the result of this experiment, he has not only a pecuniary jeward, but a more important one arising from a consciousness of having made more than " two spires of grass grov/ where but one grew before." While on our tour, we have seen among farmers whom we have visited, very pleasing and we think, increasing marks of industry, — more attention to improved modes of culture, and a wiser appropria- tion of lands, than heretofore, — and an increasing attention to the important principles of profit and loss ; and congratulate the County on having so many examples of that true independence, which of right belongs to " the lords of the soil." By order of the viewing cQinmittee, SAMUEL S. STEBBINS, Chairman. The award on Farms was as follows : To Moses Goodman, of Hartford, for the best cultivated Farm. .$.30 To David Grant, of Windsor, for the Second best do, 20 To Ward Woodbridge, of Hartford, for the third best do. 10 So plentiful is the crop of apples and pears, that we understand several, gentlemen on the eastern side of Stirlingshire are now actually feeding their pigs with the abundant fruit. [Stirling Journal.] The British ports have been opened for the ad- mission of foreign rye, oats, peas and beans. In consequence of this, grain has risen on the conti- nent of Europe, and in this country. Flour has advanced iu New York from 25 to 37i cents per barrel. Canal flour is worth from $5,25 to .$5,37. Wheat $1,03, and more is asked. 124 NE^\ From tht J^'ew York En'iuinr. THE GRAPE. I We lately tasted some delicious Grapes nt Mr Parmentier's liorticultural garden, which is, at this j season, a pleasant afternoon's promenade from | Brooklyn, the distance heing only abont two miles, j They grew on vines which were planted in May last, and although Mr P. removed, as he thought, : .ill the flowers, feai-ing the plants being so young ; might be injured by bearing, yet a few were over- | looked, and produced some excellent fruit. What ! a difference between the grapes found at the j French tables and those called Isabella grapes, and which cannot be properly estimated, since few or none are brought in comparison with tliem. j The cultivation of the vine, which to many ap- pears difficult, is in rsality very easy. Mr P. who is perfectly well acquainted with it, gives all the necessary instructions, which are so Bimide and easy of execution, that we shall be indebted to him for placing within the reach of every person the means of cultivating a fruit possessing so ma- ny excellent qualities. The establishment of Mr Parmentier, is really valuable from its great extent ; having 24 acres inclose 1 in one nursery ; tlic order which exists, each kind of vine as well as other plants, having its etiquette or mark so placed, that in making a selection no mistake can occur,and from the intro- duction of the new and excellent fruits of Europe, where he was born. His brother,lhe Chevali?r Par- mentier, member of different learned societies, dur- ing my excursions on the continent, kindly show- ed me his most interesting establishment, whjch sing Bricks, of putting the bricks into the mould by hand, and the slow progress made in pressing on that account are entirelv obviated in the Self- SELF-FEEl>i-<. .JllICK PRESS. The great inconvenience that has attended cons'ilts of exoTic pia"ats"'to t"iie".nnwiinTof niore' than ; "?.^':''i"^','-''^^'"!f, 'i''''f,'"!°^_';!f." "f;.'^./"'' '^^''l 40,000. Among these it may be readily imagined, are some of the most rare and valuable that are known ; and in looking at his collection, even an , unpracticed eye must be struck with the talent and ^^^'''"S B"ck Press now offered to the public— knowledoe necessary to j.reserve in snch perfec- ! ^■'^"^^ machine is turnished with three boards of a tion, so many difl^rent plants, frourso many differ- P™P" '<^"StIi to hold ten bricks, eacii setting up cnt climes, for among the collections I have seen,-| P'igev.ise. To put the machine in operation one of J think I never met with one where they appeared I '''°''e '"'=""''^ '^ ^''^^ '^'^h unpressed bricks and in such perfect health and beauty; and this talent i'^''l'^"""« side of • the machine, and an empty seems to be in the familv. for Mr P. who resides I ^^ard on the other side : then by turning the crank on Lon.v Island, acquired'his intimate knowledge >°''"ately, the machine removes the bricks one of horticulture merely from the gratification ho re- j 9*^ =^ ^""e from the full board, presses them and reived in the study of it as an amusement. Qo- : P'^^es them on tiie other board all a quaTler ol an =idr-sthe "reat number of e.xotic plants, the Che- """''apart at the rate of tiftcen in a minute— valier possesses around his residence, gardens to While one man is turning the crank the third the extent of nearly ten acres, where he cultivates '^"""''^ »'"""' ^ ^^ ^'"ed v.-ith unpressed bricks and every kind of fruit tree of any merit. He has P'^-^f^J "" t!i° machine. As soon as Ihe machine made a table of the different kinds of pear trees in I'M idled one board with pressed bricks, the board his possession, which is piiblished in the Horticul- '^ '-omoved (Us place bejng supplied by the board tural Transactions of London ; it contains 197 U'at the machine has emptied) and the bricks dis- species, wir:h the names, time of ripening, (epoch '"J8°<1 f"""") it on to the yard or boards for t^iat de leur maturitejqualities (quulilies) si. e;grosseu ) pi"-p"3c by turning the board up edgewise, ste.idy- and tastes (saveur)— This table, so necessary h) '"? tl'e bricks at the same time by a narrow boar.! resist amateurs in their choice, Mr P. intends to "Inch bavos the bricks all a quarter pf an inch translate and send to Mr Fessonden, the Editor of "P^"''- standing on one end,giving them a very good Ihe jYeiv England Farmer, in Boston, with an in- opportunity to dry, without being handled while in dication in a. separate column of the species he has "^ green state. received from l.is brotljer, and whi^h are now rea- ' We, the s.ubscribers, have long been acquainted dy to be disposed of, with those wliich he will have '■^'"h the Brick Making Business, and have seen m in the autumn of 1837, and which can only be pro- °Pe"-ation many machines of different kinds for cured from the gardens of the Chevalier Parmen- ; Pressing Bricks, and have recently ha ! the satis ,Jqj I faction of seein? in operation, the .Self Feeding 05=See the first p.ige of this week's Farmer. -Brick Press, ot wmcn you are tne inventor, and . r,, • ~; zr, — r-„ ,, . ., Ty . . „, , have no hesitation in saying, that we ueiieve it to A Triangular Meel Bo.ll at the Baptist Church, I j,^ ^^^. ^ ^^/^ » „^„^^ ^i„, ;„ „,^_ N London, ,s said to be heard farther than tl.o ,^ ^^ ^,,, j,^.^, .^^,^^^^^^^^_ ^„,, ^.^.^ believe, must old bells at the other Churches, it was heard l> , •^, , Z , ^ ,. ,, ,„ „„j ,„, „<■„.!.>, „ , rr. ,1 ,• n be very uurable and not liable to get out or oruer. mdes, over the water. [Palladium] i Its power is very great, and the^bricks pressed ijil it are smooth and solid — and the great dispatch! in pressing and saving of labor made by the bricks being put into the mould by machinery instead of being put in by hand, and the manner in which the inachine places the pressed brick so as to en- tirely obviate the necessity of handling tlii:n whUe in a green state, are advantages which will undoubtedly introduce your machine into general use as soon as its merits become generally known. You are at liberty to make our opinion public if you think proper. WILLIAM WEBB, Yours Respect'v, .TOSIAH C.iRTER, RUFUS FLUENT, WILLIAM POLLERS, JONA. FESSEiNDEN. Portland, Sept. 27, lt2(j. Extract from Ihe sixth Report of ihe .Massachusetts .figricultural Society. "Mr John Winslow of Portland, entered for exhi- bition only, a machine of his invention styled a self feeding Brick Press, the operation of which he explained to your Couimittee and many others, by a model, so clear and communicated the w'lole process in such a manner, as seemed to leave no doubt on the minds of those that !:ttendod of Ihe utility of the machine, and if it performs as it ap- pears to promise, can iiardly need any re O'lnnen- dation to give it celebrity — your Committee was glad to learn that this Machine was to be plac- ed in the Hall of the New England Society on the •3,5th." Munificent. — .\ cominunio-tion has been receiv- ed by the Board of Aldermen, from Ward Nilii- olas Bovlsio.v. Esfi. offering for the accepti'nce o! the City, ^r tlie use of the inmates of the House of Industry, a twin pair of oxen, Its years, weighing 439:i pounds, raised at hie farm at J \>\ Vol. V No. 10. riiicc'iOii, ami wliicli have never been j-okoil — The coiu'.minicalion being roaii it vv;is orderi'd, hat the thanks ot'the BoirJ in behalf of the oily )c presented to M: Bo^ltton for his liberal don:i- ioii. — lios. Pal. The Rockinjhr.m Agrieiiltural Society met at C.voter on the 1.-th nit. 3'hc exhibitions thongh in some respects; iuforior to tliose of former j'ears, ivcre in .others better. The working o.\en and 3 attracted particular attention. Owing lo a mistake in giving notice, the .«ho\v was not in all respects equal, nor the attendance of the citi-ens o general as might otherwise have been expsct- .1. The address, by .Tr.nies Thorn, Esq. was list- ened to \. ith much gratification, and it is hoped til it ho will comply with the example of his predc- cps.^ors in permitting it to be published. Tlic officers elected for the ensuing year, are — Bradbury CiUey, President. .lohn Folsora, Vice President. Ichabod Bartlett, Cor. Secretary. — Samuel T. Oilman, Rec. Secretary. Samuel Cushman, Treasurer. Jeremiah Ma.son, Nathan- iel Upham, Nathaniel Gilnian, 3d, .loseph Blake, Levi Lane, John Harvey, Alan.^on Tucker, John Rogers, Benning W. Sanbjru, Directors. William Smith, Esq. is appointed to deliver the next annual address. VACCINATION. The sni.all po.x has been so long a stranger that people care very little about it. The neglect may one of these days be seriously repented, for the disease i,- by no means exterminated, and in a few- years there may be hundreds in this town exposed to it. There is now at the pest house a deci'led ease of ihe small po.x. The medical gentlemen in this town are all of them, We believe, provided with vaccine matter. The expense of vaccination is very little, the sickness pro luced by it a trifle, and the evil to be prevented of very great conse- quejice. The old saying that an ounce of preven- tion is worth a pound of cure, never had a better application, or a more perfect e.xemp itication than in this very matter. Every head ol' a family should con-ider it a duty to see that all under his author- ity is guarded in this way agaii.st the small pox, not merely on their own accounts, but for ti.e gen- era! safety. It is a kindness which providcsAe .•seems to offer and which like many otijcr favottrs is but too little'regarded. — Con. .Mirror. From the Hampshire Gazelle. CATTLE SHOW. The Hampshire, Franklin and Hanipden Ag- ricultural Society held its annual meeting at North- ampton, on the 11th ult. There Tiere many con- current circumstances unfavourable to the interest which is usually felt and reciprocated upon such an occasion. We only mention the time, which was by ten or twelve days earlier than usual, and when our farmers are generally engaged and particular- ly were they this year in securing their crops, and before the feeders upon the river were ready to nihkc their purcliases for the st.nll. This was ow- ini'- to a mistake and mis'pprehension of the Com mit'ee with reference to the meeting of other So- cieties The day, however, was fine and the num- ber of competitors srreater than was expected. Af tcr the various committees had executed the com- missions with w.'iicii they were charge'', the So- ciety lepaired to the church, where, besi.'es trie usual religious exercises, they were favored with an address from the Hon. Mark Doolittle, which vas e.xceedingly appropriate and interesting, and cannot fail to be useful. As the Society have ten- dered him a vote of thanks, and rciiucsted of him a copy for publication, we hope soon to be able to phice the address in the hands of those who had noi an opportunity to hear it. After the exercises in the church, the Society paitook of a .'inner served up in rich abundance and in fine order by Mr J imcs Curtis. The premiums have never been awarded upon articles better entitled to them than they were this yeai\ The cattle and the young stock were very superior. The swine, also, among the most useful and necessary of animals, were, in compar- ison with any hen^tolore e.xhibited, of a perfect kind. The inteilij.'ent committee upon manufac- rures, in their department, speak for themselves. REPORT O.N MANUFACTURES. The committee on manufactures report,that there has been gretit improvement made in the quality of the articles presented for premiums this year over that of any former exhibition. The number of ar- ti,-ies w:is smaller than on other anniversaries. — fulled cloths are improved greatly in their manu- facture. The dressed flannels are of the finest wool, complete in their manufacture, and command general admiration. The cnssimere shawls are well manufactured and of the most brilliant scar- let. There w'ere three pieces of Scotch plaid ex- hibited, all of which shew great skill in their man- ufacture and much taste in the selection and ar- rKngemcnt of the colors. As it respects the floor and stair carpets, it is enough to say that they maintain the high standing, which those presented last year gained ; and it is gratifying to sec them sought after, as the most durable and cheap car- pets ROW in market. The hearth rugs were much admired for their beauty and appearance of dura- bility, and it is our duty to state, that tho.;e manu- factured by Mrs and Miss Thayer of Greenfield, although they did not obtain the highest premiums were considered by your committee as manufac- tured upon the best and most economical principle. Tliey were wholly worked in the loom, and had more attention been paid in the selection of fig- ures and colors, no otl'.ers that were offered would have been able to compete with arm water, particularly in winter, be best ? perhaps brushing the bag with a soft bru.^h would ansv.'cr a good purpose. Ed. .V. E. Farmer. FODDERING CATTLE. Dr Deane, in his New England Farmer, say.s " We should take care not to begin to fodder til! it is really necessary. Because cattle that fodder will not graze so diligently. Wlien it is once be- gun, cattle will e.\pect it, and it must bo continued. When we first begin we should fodder early in the morning only; for at that time of the dcy.the frost BREME.X GEESE. We understand Mr Sisson, who first introduced this valuable breed of Geese mentioned in the re- ports of the R.I.Agr. Soc. has been very successful in raising them. They are decidedly superior to the common geese, in the great size they attain, in the facility with which they may be raised, and in the comparatively small quantity of grain required to fatten them. Within the last five years Mr Sis- son ins sold geese of this breed, amounting to $662,00 exclu.sive of a large flock, raised this seas- on. Our readers will perceive that several of these geese are advertised in this week's paper. CIIIM.\Eys. Method of huildini^ C'liinmeys that tcill not smo'ie. — Contract the space immediately over the fire, so you may be sure of the air being vi-ell heated there ; this will ensure a current upwards. -\11 chimneys should be carefully built, and every joint well filled with mortar, so ag to prevent communi- cation in case of fire. — Dr Thomas Cooper. BRICK MACHINE. On page 124 of this day's paper will be seen a drawing of a new machine invented by Mr John Winslow of Portland, for pressing bricks and tile, which promises to be an important and valuable improvement. We regret that the engraving used is not sufficiently well executed to give a clear impression. Want of good Hasbandri/. — At the Cattle Show at Concord, (N. H.) premiums were awarded for tlie best Farms. In relation to one of them, the viewing Committee, in their report, made the fol- lowing remark : — " TJiis farm appears to be cultivp.ted with great care, and much good judgment in agriculture : but the Committee are of opinion, that the owner is in fault in one essential particular ; and tliey hope that an indirect .allusion to it will be sufii cicnt for him to correct the error. Tliere is n commodity on a farm so useful and so pleasing t the farmer — nothing in this life, on which he can so safely rest his hopes of comfort in future years, as a company of healthy, robust, and promisinrr boys. A farmer rarely succeeds well without a wife. A solitary journey is always a tiresome and cheerless one." Prolific animal. — Mr Preserved Bartlett, of tlii town, exhibited at the late cattle show a sow tin-, throe litters of pigs, the oldest of which were oiil- •1 year and five days old. The first and scco:, litters, 19 in number, were all fat, and it was et^ timated by good judges that they would make, slaughtered then, over 4000 pounds of excellc: •"' 5, but had been rcducoil tn 4. [Ilamp. Gaz.] Ni:w i:n(.laiM) i akmek. 127 ork. The third or youngest brood, were only jjntp, the asylum of moml and phyeiral cornip- wo or three weeks old, their^ number at first was ^ tion, to go and work in liis lands, or ciijoy tlieni (I in (li. MODE OF BREAKING STEEKS TO THE DRAUGHT IN A FEW DAYS. Let the farmer carefully volte his steers in a lose yard or stnble, and not move them till they et sutficicntly accuslouie.! to the yoke, so that iiey will eat their food, when yoked ; which will his heart rejoices at tlie sight of nature, and ex- periences the same sensation as his lunirs, on re- ceiving; the pure air that refreshes them?" [Priiii-e de l^rrne.] /or Sate. SIX superior Saxon Rfims, imported in tlie Brig Oc- , - -. via, Capt. Russell— alfo, seven fine Merino Rams^ c in the co-.irse ofadav. Let them be yoked ' ^"'^ '*" '"^''" U'tmrn Geese; aJso, three New Milch ■ ., , , ," • ,- .1 I .l-oals, with their K" gain the second day, and a pair ol gentle horses , jj^^^y ^nfiji \ i^i , . ,. il;i the eld oxen before, will proceed forward with- ut being whipped or bruised. By the above pro- ess the farmer will never fail of success in hav- ig good working oxen. A CHEAC AND EXCELLENT WINE. To six gallons of new cider, add two gallons of randy, or in that proportion. Let the brandy be ,-ell mixed with the cider, and the cask be kept 11 by filling up, during the fermentation. At the nd of six or eight weeks, you will have a liquor, hich will not cost more than about twenty-five ents by the gallon, possessing much the taste and ensible qualities of wine, and infeiior hardly to one. VINEGAR. Vinegar is cooling, opening, excites the appetite, 3sists digestion, is good for hot stomachs, resists utrefaction, and therefore very good against pes lential diseases. Too much use of it injures the erves, emaciates some constitutions, is hurtful to le breast and makes people look old and wither- d, with pale lips. The best vinegar is that which is made of the est wines. Lemon-juice and and verjuice have luch the same qualities and cfiects as vinegar. The commonest vinegar is least adulterated. MUSTARD. Mustard quickens the appetite, warms the stom- ch assists in digesting hard meats, and dries up uperfluous moisture. It seldom agrees with weak tomachs. GARDENING. I should wish to inspire all the world" with ray iste for gardens. It seems to riie impossible that bad man should possess it : he, indeed, is inca- able of any taste : but ifl, for that reason, es- em the searchei of wild plants ; the active con- ueror of butterflies ; the minute examiner of liells ; the sombre lover of minerals ; the frozen eometrician ; the three lunaticks of poetry and I tors expi ainting, the absent author ; the abstract thinker ; Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the subsiriber, nd the discreet chymist, — there is no virtue '*"'^ 0'''^<°''s '^ff ^i'h him, (if from a distance post paid) hich I do not .attribute to him who loves to talk ] '^'L"^t''^^'"^^]\trt"^T' . r ,k p • . ^^ . , j.r .1 .uL,-.i-' JOSEPH BRDIGE, Agent for the Proprietor, No- f gardens, and to torm them. Absorbed in this gj (-.^y^jl^pgj Roston. Sep "g assion, which is the only one that increases with ge, he daily overcomes those which derange the ' alraness of the soul or the order of society , lit is growing, which is well fenced and watered. _"°^- ">• GF.ORGK FiKWSON. .lUum, Superior allum from the Salem Lnboratory in bbl.. of -00 lbs. net, for sale on the most favourable terms^ Refined Saltpetre, inkegsonoa lbs. net.-from the same Laboratory. Du Po7iVs Gunpowder, by the cask or smaller qu?ntityt Shot 4- Balls, at wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices E. COPELANH. Jun. 65 Broad Strelt. "nd. 13. tf. W I LLI A M ~PRI.\CE,propri- elorofthis establishment, offer' to the public the most exten" .-ive collection of Fruits. Orna- mental Trees, and Plants in America. The Fruits have been selected by actual inves- tigation of their merits, and n.arly all of which are engraft- ed froa-. bearing trees In the selection, which has been the particular pursuit of bis father and himself, for more than half a century, he has spared neither pains nor expense, and such as 'did not possess particular merit have been reiected and their accuracy has been tested by the best authors of the age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 new va- rieties of Fruits not to be found in any other collection In Ameiica, and which include the most celebrated kinds that have within a fc ■/ years past been brought into notice and recommended by those clistin^uished HorticuKuralists, Van .Vlons & Duquesene, and bv Mr Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of Lon- don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the Fruits sent from this establishment, the proprietor refers to the Hon Jonathan Hunnewell, pnd other genilenien in Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized bis estab- lishment for the Inst fifty years, and particularly to the fruit of the various kinds with which the Bnston mar- ket is now supplied from the extensive collection of trees furnished the late Dr Oliver Smith, Secretary of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, who, more than thirty years since, had several thousand trees an- nually, which were distributed among the members of that Association. It may perhaps be deemed worthy of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offered for sa'e, by the proprietor, are different from those culti vated by other establishments under the same names and the identity of every fruit sent by him, iheproprie ly sfuarantees. Samuel Payson, Cashier Mass. Bank Chester Adams, ' Union ' Charles Hood, ' Com'wealth ' Geo. Homer, ' State ' M. S. Parker, ' Suffolk ' Ph. Mart (I, ' N.England ' .fohn S. Wright, ' American ' Chas. Sprague, ' Globe ' D. A. Sigourney, ' Washington' Gurdon Steele, ' North ' Henry Jaques, ' Bunker Hill ' Martin Lane, ' Cambridge ' Boston, Jul I/, 1826. O^For sale, wholesale and retail, by the Proprietors, under Washington Flail, Charlestown, Mass. and by appointment, by JOSW'H KIDDER, 70, Court-street, Boston. oct 27. prFces ofUountry produce! Improved Bliirk Ink Powder and Liquid Ink. SAMUEL KIDDER k CO. Manufacture Flack Ink Powder and l^iquid Black Vhen he has passed the drawbridge of the city . Ink, of an improved quality. For more than twenty years, S. Kidder has been APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - . BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 2(10 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " iNo 2, new, - - butter, inspect. No. 1. nev CHEESE, new milk, - - . . skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, _ - . Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - ... Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover . - . . . WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. BEE!', best pieces - . . . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hog VEAL MUTTO.N POULTRY, butter, keg & tub, lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - ludian, do. - POTATOES, CIDER, liquor, (new) bush bbl lb. cask gal. ton. bbl. bush lb. D. 1 50 2 00 85 00 r,7 00 95 00 97 00 1 12 1 50 9 25 9 50 6 2£ 6 50 5 OC 5 50 U 16 S 10 5 IC 11 m 1 00 5 5(J 5 62 5 75 8 87 3 25 3 50 76 80 83 85 90 96 50 55 9 10 90 95 75 80 2 50 2 75 14 00 14 11 11 10 00 10 2 50 3 00 8 33 60 25 33 30 35 26 30 20, 25 40 46 30 35 8 ID 64 5 6 6 10 4 8 7 10 17 18 20 flr 1 00 P' 1 00 40 1 50 128 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 10, JS20. :saZBCEX.l.A3S2IiS. LIFE AND DEATH. O fear not thou to die ! But rathtr uar to live ; ibr Life Has thousand snares (hy feet to try By peril, pain, and strile. Brief is the work of Death ; But Life ; the s(pirit shrinks to see flow full ere Heaven recalls the breath. The cup of woe may be. O fear not thou to die : No more to sutler or to sin ; iVo snares without thy faith to try, i\o traitor heart -within ; But fear, oh 1 rather fear The gay, (he light, the changeful scene, The Huttering smiles that greet thee here, From Heaven thy heart th it wean. Fear le;t in evil hour. Thy pure and holy hope o'ercome By clouds that in the horizon lower. Thy spirit feel that gloom. Which over earth and heaven The covering throws of fell despair, And deem itself the unforgiven, Predestined child of care. O fear not thou to die ! To die, and be that blessed one, \Vho, in the bright and beauteous May feel his conflict done ; Who feels that never more The tear of grief or shame shall come, For Ihousand wanderings from tliat Power, Who loved, and called him home. FOR THE NEW E.NGLA.ND FARMER. J.IAKINU SCHOLARS OK POOR BOYS. If a boy is poor in pur.s;! and poor in intellect, it is better to bind him an apprentice to a travelling tinker than to undertake to force him through col- lege. Let a parent, then, in low circumstances,- be fully x-on\iuced by the most indubitable testi- mony and not by paternal fondness and vanity, that his child possesses extraordinary abilities before he attempts to give him what is called a liberal educa.tion. But in this country, if a youth possess _ uncommon mental powers, and that fact can be | JAMKS BLOODGOOD & Go's well ascertained, the want of money will not prove j J\"„i:irry at Flushing, on Long Island, near .\'e Man has a wandering heart — his soul f pyrns fetters, slavery and control — To-day he climbs the snow-clad steep, To-morrow, ploughs the foamy deep— And now he reams by mountain side, Wilhoul a friend, wilhoul a guide — Till woman bids his wayward slep? to cease. And turns his Arab thoughts to home ar.d peace. There is nothing of equal cheapness, tiiat goo so far as a little civility. an' insurmountable obstacle to the enjoyment of those advantages for mental culture, which our best literary institutions can present. I.X be' alf of the proprietors of (he aboi nursery, the subscriber solicits the orders horticulturist? who may be desirous of 'toe USEFUL WRITKNGS. I ;„„ ;,, ,, gardens and fields with fruit trees of the fine The merit of all literary works must be appre- 1 sorts and most healthy a:Kl vigorous stocks the prese ciated from their real utility, and their real utilit_y by the extent and duration of their beneficial ef- fects. One hint of practical wisdom has often preserved a whole life from folly and misery ; and thousands and tens of thousands have been bene- fited as well as delighted by Addisou to every one who has received any advantage from the perusal of Malbranche and Locke. sky, I Laying on a Coat. — On Saturday last some painters employed on the front of Mr. Blacker's house, in College Green, owing to the wetness of j the day, quitted work at an early hour. Shortly after their departure a tall fellow, having a paint- I pot in one hand and a brush in the other, entered ! the house, and proceeded deliberately through tae — ' shop and up stairs, Mr. Blacker, meeting him on GREAT TALKERS. Ijjg ^^.^y ^p^ remarked to hin-i on the unfitness of Superficial men often talk most fluently, and in the v.-eather for his business, to which the fellow mixed companies most agreeably. They are usu- , coolly replied, tliat he was merely going to pre- ally gay and cheerful, for their spirits are not ex- pare matters to lay on a coat, which object it af- hausted by deep thought, nor drawn from the terwards appeared, he literally accomplished, by things before them by absence of mind. It is an decending shortly afterwards wearing or carrying erroneous judgement, which is often formed of in his pot (a large one) two frock coats, some pairs children as well as men, when those are supposed of trowsers, and other articles, with a few silver to possess the best parts who talk most. Exces- spoons ; he returned through the shop observing sive garrulity is certainly incompatible with solid that he had made a complete finish of the job. thinking, and a mark of that volatile and superfi- . [Dublin Morning Post] cial turn which, dwelling on the surface of things, — : ■ -— ; never penetrates deeply enough to make any val- , Thalcs,one of the m.e men of Greece uable discoveries. Mat as no rule is without ex- P"^'^' ^"^^ing to puz-zle htm with difficult questions, ception, some deep thinkers have also been great the sage of Miletus replied to them autumn. Bi.ooDGooi) & Co. alltnd personally to the inoeulalit and eiigrafl ing of all Iheir fruit Irefs, and purchase may rely with confidence that Ihe trees they order w nursery, will x The subscriber, agent of the abov ceive orders for any quantity of FRUIT AND FURF..-5T TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, Axn PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at the ri and expense of the Purchaser ; the bills may be pa t-> him. riie reputation of this nuret ry is so extensively knos and has been so well sustained that I lake leave to i ferthcisc in want of trees to auy of the Ho> ticn'turi: in t'lis city and its vicinity, ami if ocular dernonsl.ati is desired, 1 invite those who wi-h to be thus saii^fu to examine the trees iu my garden at Dorch ■?;< • pi cured from this nursery for three or four ye.T« [a .oirie of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy a vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applirati to ZZVi. COi'K Jr. Rogers' Building— Congress .-met Boston, Jliigu.it, ^alh. 1826. eptf. least hesitation, and with the utmost precision. What is the oWes( of all things? God, because he always existed. •What is the most beaiitiful ? The world, be- cause it is the work of God. What is the g-rcQfesi of all things? Space, be- cause it contains all that has been created. What is the most constant of all things ? Hope, because it still remains with man, after he has lost every thing else. What is the best of things ? Virtue, because alkers. And as universal excellence is desir.i/uh we should labour to supply every defect. Deep thinkers should cultivate the art and habit of con- versation, and fluent talkers should strive to ob- tain the solidity and accuracy of deep thinkers. THE fool's paradise. Dunces are not the least happy of mankind. — Though unable to afford much pleasure to others, they are commonly pleased with themselves in a high degree. A smile of self applause accompan- ies all their words and actions. If laughed at by without it there is nothing good, others, they mistake derision for congratulation. ; What is the quickest o{ all things? Thought, The proud man's contumely attects them not. — because in less than a moment it can fly to the Nothing but real pain gives them real sorrow — I end of the universe. They have no ima.:inary ills, that shadowy train j What is the .s^rong-cs^ ? Necessity, which makes which haunts the ingenious. They have none of- men face all the dangers of life, those fine sensibilities which torture the feeling j What is the easiest ? To give advice, heart with unspeakable agony. Let them have I What is the most difficult ? To know yourself. food in abundance, and a sufficiency of raiment 1 and money, and with a wisdom to which philoso- ] Coffee Mills, the screws of which prove to be of phers have vainly pretended, they .are perfectly ', horn, have been sold in New Orleans. The land satisfied, and enjoy a fool's paradise. 1 of wooden nutmegs is ch.irged with the cheat. FOR sale by the Subsciiher, at his i late in i! Imrl town. 24 large Bremen Geese, which at 5 months i wcigh'd from 15to20lbs. each. Some oftliis same bri have been fattened to weigh 301bs and not uiifrequi 251bs. each. They are ret ommended in preference to all oil A so- i S^^se, by their w-itht, fine fl ;vourpd meat, arc rema ^^y prolific and hardy, yielding three times the qui Z^7\T^'u^7^'^Z ' '''y of down and feathers iu the course of Ihe year, a all without the „f g^^^a quality compared with the common eese. They are perfectly white. The original stock of these getse was imported Ebenezer Rollins Fsq. of Boston. The price is $a eai taking one or the whole. SAMUEL JAQ'uES Bremen Geese and Merino Sheep. JOHN PEIIRY has for sale 2 pair of those celcbral geese. Ten Full blood Merino Rams and 30 full hlo Ewes. The Ewes have been with two Saxony Bad Apply at No. 2 Rowcs Wharf, Oct. 26) For sale, .300 Merino Sliecp — principally Kwei 100 in Windsor, County of Berkshire, under ( care of Edw'd Withington, lO't in VVinchendon, Col ty of Worcester, apply to Seth Tucker Jr ; 100 Milton, County of Norfolk, apply to .\athl. 'i'r.rke also, the wool sheared the last season from said die at VVinchendon and Milton. There will he no bu( with the above sheep until the 20th of this nmnlh. Milton. Nov. 3, 1028. ;j;;,r'Publijhed evtrv Friday at Three Dollr.rs ytr f num, payable at Ihe end of the year — lu( tbo-e W pay within sixty days from Ihe time of subscribing j entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procure /7re rasponsible suliscrift are entitled to a sixth volumegratis. New subscri:iers can be furnished with the prea ing numbers of the current volume. Published by John B. Uusskll at the corner of Congress and Undnll Streets, (entrance from Lindall Street) Thomas G. Fkssf.inden, Editor. v6l. v. BOSTON, FUIDAY, NOVEMBFK 17, 1826. No. 17. ORIGINAL PAPERS. l-RAVES FOR MANURE. Mr Pkssknukn — For about twenty years past I liavo been in tlio habit of coUectint: aiuiually from 1"2 to 'M cart-loads oi" leaves for the ;louble purpose of litter and manure. And I cordially agree with your correspondent (page 1'32) in his recommenda- tion to my brotlier farmers. We raUc them into lic:ips, and make use nf those baskets in which junk hdtllos are generally brunght from Europe, into which the leaves are raked, and from thence load- ed into tlie cart v. ith cosisi-lerable facility. Now is tlie best time in the ye-.r for this pro.^itable hus- bandry, and no farmer who wishes his stock to be coi.nbrtable and cjeanly, an'' to increase his ma- nure, ought to neglect co'lecting a convenient sup- ply from his woodlot, if ht has one tolerably near. .Veidon,J\'or. 15. J. KENRICK. [Prepared for the J\leto England Farmer.'] THE IMPORTANCE OF AGUICl'LTUKE Is obvious, not only by its affording the direct supply of our greatest wants, out as the parent of manufactures and commerce. Without agricul- ture there can be neither civili;ation nor popula- tion. Hence it is not only the most universal of the arts, but that which requires the greatest num- ber of operators ; the main body of the popula- tion in every country is employed in the pursuit of agriculture ; and the most powerful individuals in almost all nations derive tlicir wealth and conse- quence from the possession of lands. I-NDUSTRV REWARDEn. Xenophon in his book of CEconomics, bestows due encomiums on a Persian king, who examined with his own eyes, the state of agriculture through- out his dominions ; and in all such excursions, according as occasion required, bountifully re- warded the industrious, and severely discounte- nanced the slothfii!. In another place he observes that when Cyrus distributed premiums V/ith his ow-n hand to diligent cultivators, it was hi- custom to say, " My friends, I have a like title v.ith your- selves to the same honors and remuneration from the public ; I give you no more than I have de- served in my own person ; having made the same attempts with equal diligence and success. DUKNISG JUSTIFIED. A certain old Roman used to say that good debts became bad ones by not being called for. FARM BUILPINGS. Cato the famous Roman, wrote on agriculture. and among other valuable precepts he cautions the proprietors of land not to be too r".sh in build- ing. He recommends to them to sow and plant in early youth, but not to build till soniewliat advanc- ed in years. " A landholder" says he, " should apply himself to the planting of his fields early in his youth ; but he ought to think long before he builds. He ought not to think about planting, bet he ought to do it. When he is about thirty-six years of age, he raiy build, provided his fields ar:' planted." [Or well cultivated.] liuild ill such a manner tlial your inlla [f'lrni buildings,] may not need a farm, nor your firm n^ed a villa. Varro assigns proper reasons for this, " In not attending to the measure of the farm many have gone wrong. Some have made thovil- la much smaller, and others much larger than the farm required. One of these is contrary to a man's interest, and the other hunAil to tlie produce of his lands. For we both build and repair the larg- er huiUiings at a greiter expense than is necessa- ry ; ;^ni, when the buildings are less than what the farm requires, the produce is in danger of be- ing destroyed." ATTENTION TO AGRICULTURE. It is an old remark that " the eyes of a master will do more than his hands," and it is justly re- marked by an agricultural writer that " though every person knows that the presence and atten- tion of the master is of groat importance in every business ; yet every person does not know, that in no business are they so important as in farming." OSTENTATIOUS OR PROFUSE CULTURE li not less to be condemned than imperfect cul- ture. '-The ancients," says Pliny, " assert that notlung turns to less account than to give land too much culture." To cultivate well is necessary, to cultivate in aii extraordinary manner is hurtful." "In what inauner then," he asks '• are lands to be culti-vated to the best advantage ? ' To this he f n=\'c;s, " In the cheapest manner, if it is good." PROPER ESIPLOIMEKT. " The ancients" according to Pliny, " consider- ed him a bad master of a family who does in the day time what he may do at night, except in the time of a storm : a worse, who does in common days what is lawful on holidays, and worst of all, who in a good day is employed more within doors than in the fields." — Loudon. ON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF HORSES.— Co7!lane is now in oper.ition at ! s'^ '" ^'e mornmg and in the evening, for some the machine shop of Mr John Goulding in Dedham, l^'^y^- This will draw them together, and tney one was exhibited at the Hail of the New-England | may be taken in a casting net in great numbers. Society in Boston, on the "^oth ult. For further information, references may bo had to Mr J. R. Newell of Boston, Mr Adam Smith of Ro\bury, Mr John Goulding of Dedham, or VVm. Cobb, Esq. or of the subscriber at Warwick, Mass. Ir'aru-ick, Oct. i4, iS'-iti. DA.MEL N. SMITH. Memoirs of the .V. Y. Board cf .Igricidlure. :'HE USE OP LIME IN AGRICULTURE. JuEi,, Esq. — In answer to your queries about I have to inform you that until within the ivo or three years, ii was but little use-d as a re in this neighborhood ; it is now more and on all soils ; some farmers put on first, thirty to forty bushels per acre, and in two ■ee j-ears afterwards, about the same quanti- le general opinion is here, that it operates on ind clover the soonest. It is put ou the land ferent ways here ; but generally the land is iloughed, and the lime hauled out of the kiln it has slacked, and put on in about one 1 in a heap; and as soon as it is slacked d immediately, and harrowed twice over and ploughed in ; and in dry weather it often !ns that we have to haul water to slack it. — ■s have the ground all ready for seeding, and the lime and put it on the same way, nnd soon :ked, spread it and harrow it twice over, and ;ow the seed and harrow it twice over again, mixes it very well and keeps it near the je of the ground ; this method I think best ; the above methods are here used. I have had 1 mv lands this season between seventeen end en thousand bushels of \'ime, and have put it both the above ways, and have not put on ban sixty or seventy bushels per acre, nor than one hundred. I have no hesitaion in a that I have experienced 50 per cent, benefit li-n. and "-rass ; in our wheat crops I cannot well judge the benefit, not having liuied my mure than two years past, but have not the doubt but I shall be amply repaid for all the nd trouble of the lime. Our lands here are .■ all lime-stone land and of a good quality, ill bear more lime than land of a poorer . v but it is the general opinion that the •St soils agree best w ith lime, and receive the I mo.it benefit from it ; and no doubt it is the case. I Some are of the opinion that lime-stone land is not much benefited by lime, particularly for wheat crops, though that is not my opinion ; and should I The Hartford Times says — a cabbage of the drum head kind was raised in the garden of W. Woodbridge, Esq. of Manchester, which measur- ed 13 ;f feet in circumference, and when dressed for the table weighed 31 pounds. The seed was obtained from the (Quakers of Enfield, Conn. SALT. Mr Russell, in his Tour in Germany, says if the exnerience of Austria and Silesia be correct,wood n mai is not my opimuii ; iuiu hiiuuiu i r , ,. ,i ■ . j -.i u few years, I shall be better able to 1 »■'"""' l*"" "'^'^n '^""^ ™P'"^SnatGd with salt - Learned societies have recommended that the wood to be used in roofing should previously be saturated with salt, in which state, they say, it judge, as 1 have foi those last two years been liming my land on a tolerably large scale ; and have not the least doubt but I shall be fully re compensed for it, both in my wheat crops and ^^i" ''''^i^t fi^", ««^ffe'^t^"'l'y '^^ either slates or other grain ; in corn we have already experienced '^1^^ "■'" ^o- M|: ^-/ays the wood, which supports 0 the profit. I remain, dear sir, Very respectfully, Vour humble servant, CYRUS JACOBS. Spring Grove Forge, JVov. 8, 18-24. FODDER. Nearly double the fodder is every year, and by almost every farmer, expended tlian would be suf- ficient, was it properly and economically prepared and fed. It is ascertained that buy goes much farther by being cut into chaff" before it is foddered out. Ma- ny scientific and observing men have ascertained by actual measurement that a saving of nearly one half, and some say more is effected by this means. But if it be not true that Hay is doubled in val- ue by cutting, it cannot be denied that in applying this economy properly to the coarser kind of fod- der such as straw, cornstalks, oats in the sheaf, &c. a saving of one half, at least, may be made. HINTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP. It has been often remarked, that the American sheep yield much less wool than tiie sheep of Brit- ,, ^ _ , rM<,t Tnt 1 ain, France, and Spain. This is owing to the I'^^t effect. [Nat. Int.] the vaulted roofs of the salt mines of Wieliczka I in Poland, is now as hard as a rock ; and he Was assured that the dead bodies of animals and men, which remain in the salt caverns, do not putrify, but become as dry and hard as mummies. [Hamp. Gaz.]. LEAD MINES. The Missouri Republican says, the United States Lead Mines are no.v becoming a source of considerable revenue. The number of diggers and smelters, at the upper mines, have greatly in- creased, and are still increasing, and the quantity of lead made this year will exceed in a four-fold ratio that of former years. The same paper states that the only impediment to the profitable working of these Mines is occasioned by the Rapids in the Mississippi, near the mouths of the Des Moines and Rock Rivers, in both of which it is practica- ble to clear out a boat channel, at the expense of not more than two years' rent of the Upper Mines. Nothing appears to us more reasonable than the suggestion that out of the proceeds of these rents, this improvement of the great high way of the Mississippi should be made. Congress will, no doubt, lend a favourable ear to an application to length of our winters, and the quantity of snow on ' a correspondent informs us that Mr Hiram, the ground, prevenljng their picking up as much Jernigan, of Edgartown, planted pne pntatoe last nourishment as the sheep in Europe Hence, they , spring, which has yielded more than three bushel^, drop their wool frora mere weakness, during the | [N. Bedford Mercury.] 134 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. J 7, ltf'J(5. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOV. ]7, 1826. FEEDING CATTLE. Regularity with regard to feeding cattle is of more consequence than superficial tiiinkers, wlio are not acquainted with the subject, can possibly imagine. If cattle misa their customary meals they will fret away more flesh in half an hour,thnn you can put on again in a week, or thereabouts. — Feeding cattle is like rowing a boat against a cur- rent ; if you miss a stroke or two, you not only cease to advance but are driven bnckwavds. If you have reason to apprshend that you h.-ive less fodder than your stock would consume if you laid no embargo on their appetites, you will, neverthe- less, be careful,how yoa attempt in the forepart of the season, to put in force a nonintercouse act be- tween your cattle's moutlis and the hay-mow. If they must be stinted with regard to eatablcs(which ve hope is not the casejput off the evil day till the latter part of winter. " Cattle," said Dr Deane, "are more liable to be pinched with cold in De- cember and January than afterwards. And no man knows how favourable the latter part of win- ter may be. Advantage also may be made of browsing in the latter more than than in the former part of the winter, as the buds have then begun to Bwell, and the twigs have more sap in them than before." " Neat cattle and horses." says the same writer, "ehould not have so much laid before them at once as will quite serve to fill them. The hay they have breathed on much, they will not eat up clean unless when they are very hungry. It is best, therefore to fodder them twicu at night, and twice in the morning. Let neat cattle as well as horses have both light and fresh air let in upon their fod- der,aiul when the weather is not too cold or storm- y, allow the windows to be open. What one sort of cattle leave, should be thrown to another sort. Those which chew the cud will eat the leavings of those that do not, and rice vtrsa. "It is also well known to farmers, that what rat- tle leave in the barii they will oat abroad in the open air ; and most freely, when it is laid upon clean snow. Not only this.but the meanest of straw should be given them in this way. What is left will help to increase the manure in the yard." Mr Lawrence says " Throe times a day, precise- ly at the commencement of a certain hour, ought to be tlie regular observance, and cattle, particu- larly if corn-fed, require their fill of water. The easy, contented, and improving disposition of the cattle, and small waste of provender, attendant upon this regularity, is a source of constant satis- faction to a superintending proprietor. "The golden rule respecting (iUANTiTv is, as much as a beast can eatwith a vigorous appetite; all beyond that important criterion.is so much lost to the proprietor, and not improbably an impediment to thiiftm the animal. Here is the foundation of a good argument for the removal of tiiat whicli the animal loaves,that it may not remain to be contam- inated by his breath, to disgu.st him, and pall his appetite. I will fairly acknowledge, however, that I have frequently seen these apparently rational theories fail in practice,and the perpetually stufled and glutted animal improving and improved be- yond all others. Precautions are necessary, that a sufficient quantity of food, of the original stand- ard goodness to carry the stock tbroun-h, be pro- vided, or procurable: fori would advise no feeder to trust to a certain vague notion, that fattening cattle may be safely and advantageously reduced from rich to indifferent, or even poor keeping. — Frequently any change is disadvantageous; but if any, it surely ought to bo jirogressive in goodness of the food. There is often, perhaps generally, a considerable saving in the provision, as the animals advance in fatness; but this relates to those chief- ly wlio load themselves with internal fat. Some will devour nearly the s:ime rations from first to last. " Cattle licking or rubbing themseves has been formerly held a bad sign ; on the contrary, there can be no doubt of jts being an incontestible proof of their tliriving ; the former notion seems to have arisen from the damage they sometimes receive,by the quantity of hair and dirt collected by the tongue from their hides, and which may form hair- balls in the stomach, of dangerous consequence. — Hence the use of currying oxen, which are confin- ed from going into the cold air, of keeping them perfectly clean, and their hides open, like those of horses in condition. O.xen fed in tlie yard, and cows, may be wisped clean, without danger of tak- ing cold." A f^ood pkkh for Beef and Pork, called the " Knickerhocker Pickle." — The following receipt for making pickle for beef and pork is strongly re- commended to the adoption of those who pickle beef and pork for family use. Persons in the trade who will oilopt it will find a ready sale. It has been used by many families in this city and al- ways approved. We do not hesitate to assert that there is no pickle in use to be compared with it Could this receipt be generally adopted, our pick- led beef and pork would have certain preference in foreign markets. Take (5 gallons water, 9 lbs. salt, coarse and fine nii.xed, .3 lbs. Brown Sugar, 3 oz. salt petre, 1 oz. pearl-ash, ] gallon molasses. In making a larger or smaller quantity of pickle, the above proportions are to bo observe-1. Boil and skim these ingredients well, and when cold, put them over the beef or pork. _()L?°Wehavc heretofore publixhed the substance of the above, and its utility has been established by experience in this vicinity. We give it another insertion for the ber.efit of those who have either overlooked, or had no opportunity to look over or some how never attentively looked at our former edition of the receipt. Editor. Defence of fhe Seaboard. — An official dotument relative to the defence of the sea-board has lately been published in the National Intelligencer. It was communicated to Congress at the close of the last session, by the Board of Engineers employed to survey Ihe coast. By this it appears that the whole line of sea-coast extends 3330 miles. Tlie whole e.\-pense of its fortificaticn is estimated at •$(3,.533,454— tliat for the additional defence of Bos- ton at ,91, 279,420. The fortifications are divided into three classes, more or less necessary, and therefore not requiring to be completed at once. Msolvte power — Among the favours granted by the Emperor of Russia at his coionation was the gift of VM,000 peasants to different personages Count Nesselrode received 4000. « Tornado.— On the 29th of Oct. a violent torna, visited the vicinity of Chilicothe. Oliio. A bar stable, and two horses belonging to a Mr Cochrai were destroyed. The upper part of a barn, t property of a Mr Orford, was blown off, and i dwelluig house prostrated on the ground, his b reau, tables, and other furniture carried to a d: tance jf more than half a mile by the violence the wiod. Early Snow. — A Quebec paper of Oct. 26t says "on Thursday night it froze so hard that i full an inch thick was formed, and yesterday, cv in situations e.xposed to the sun the ice hard thawed. In the evening snow commenced fallin an! the ground is covered with it to day to t depth of two or throe inclies. On Tuesday snc fell in the parishes six or eight leagues to t, south of Quebec. Carioles have been used in tl vicinity of Quebec. A Fire at Constantinople broke out on tiie .'A of August, in a bake-house near the walls of t Seraglio, which was not e.xtinguished till thei of September. Ens;li.^h electio7is — Lord Wharncliffe lately j serted in a speech at a dinner given to him Sheffield, that the recent Yorkshire election c( the four candidates 1.50,000 pounds sterliuT, (;(i(;,000 dollars. Two of the candidates attcutpt to terrify others from competition by the extra* gance of their expenditure ; they hired almost ' the carriages in the county to prevent their co, petitors from finding the means of conveyiii" lh( parti/ans to the place of election. Cherry Boards. — Last week a gentleman chased between 40 and .50,000 feet of Ch- Boards, put them on board the Canal Boats, at place for Hartford, Con. A gentleman who ki a lumber yard in this village, recently receive order to furuish 20, UOO feet of Chc-rry Boards Scantling for the Rhode Island market! Bzif. J\rew York Election — Mr Clinton is thouo-J be elected Governor of the State by 5000 oi"? majority. It is said in the Savannnh Republican, that tl are at this time fifteen vol Jmes of MSS. shut u the office of the Board of Trade and Plantati in London, relating to the colonial history of G gia, from its first settlement down to the rev tionary war. Many of these manuscripts are i the pen of General Oglcthrope, the founder of state. Snow and IJail fell for about three hours in ] ladelphia, on the 4th iu.st. The Trenton Federalist says, " We had a of sBow, the first this autumn, on the afternooi the 4th inst." Z,o«m«._Several petitions have been pres ted to the A^ermont legislature, praying for grant oftotteries, the wlumsical groundslpor w are thus noticed by the Vermont Patriot. "( wanted a lottery to raise ${500, because' he broken his hips, and his wife had been scale and they had long been confined by sicka another wanted to raise .$1000, by lottery, bee* he was poor and rickety and wished for an edu tion I a third was a " very ingenious man" but not able to build a mill and find machinery and there- fore wanted;a lottery,a fourth was an "honest nmo" who had a large family, and but one arm, and k wished for a lottery to enable him to buy a tract of i I ill some uiisoUloil part of tlic cnui\try ; anil VVo (iml tlie following' cniitioiis luisucr to a liftli wantoii ii lottery to raise a reasonable sum (juestion put to an Irish yenllemiiu exaininetl before vipport iiimself and wife the remainder of tlieir the I'ominittoe on promissory notes "Do you s, as lie had lost an arm, had no property, and thinl; that Mr I'ike's discontinuance of business now maintained by the overseers of the poor.'" arose from the establishment of the provincial bank [N. H. Journal.] at Dublin?*' — "No; I believe it arose in conee- ; ; , ., , ' quenco of his deatli." 'ankees. — Wherever the real lanliee goes, ;;ity and bustle accompany him. A late George- i Extraordinrir:/ prodaH.—Wns raised in the gar- 11, S. C. paper thus notices the business of the den of Mr Wiiliam Chapman, at Coxsackie, in thi, county, the last season, from one kernel of south- ern Corn, 14 ears, or i'iSd kernels. The above Vol. v.— No. 1/ NtW ENGLAND f AKiMflR. 13/ The Ink inadfi by Mijfrs. Sanuef. Kiduer & Co. wc consider uncomnionly -ooil, and at least equal to any which we have ever used. Samuel Taysni), Cuslur.r Mass. Bank. Chester Adams, > Union Charles Hood, ' Com'wealth ' G<'0. Homer, * State ' M. S. Parker, » SiilTnIk ' I'h. Marttf, ' N. Kn^land ' John S. Wnght, ' American ' Chas. Sprag:ue, ' Globe ' D. A. i-igourney, ' Washington ' Gurdon i-tetle, <■ North ' HeTuy .laques, ' Bunker Hill ' Mai tin Lane, ' Cambridge ' linslun. July. \V,W. he Yankfs have come, and our little town as- ^s an f.ir of business. The wiharves are loaded, niay be relied on as a fact Vatskill Recorder. to: cs i;roan beneath their burthen, the citizens rra'iiied with northern comlorts, and the ladies , ' Cojfce. — The Frcncli have been long fuioous for I 00°"' o' 'ale. wholesale and retail, by the Proprietor li'e' with the liirured ■• — . . _. j .. .» .., . .t,_,, )ii asci' in unticip. pleajed ul the recopiiuu oi wures aim mipic- mis u.^eiui ueverage. ine wuoic oi tuo my: ; even the poor nejroes are delighted in the consists in the coffee being always recently roasted, Lt of new shoes and a warm jacket, and, last, and a sufficient quantity of it being used. lot least, the Printer is happy iu his new ad- j semcuts. ! '^'"^ biography, with the political writings and wiiii\iii ,-,'i»..,'.v^-, Ul.,. in., .u,> 1,^.1 , ^"^.u I c.^— iilfJ J-It-xlv-ii lliivu uecil juutj lUKlOUS lor ^'^' ....,-.^.>,, .„ t,..u i,..»ii, .'J \,t^ 1 lupiiuiuit. lign-cd silks. The merchints good coffee, and a kind of mystery ha.s been at- "'"''T "*-'"'""'"" "'^."; Charleslown, Mass. and b> ipationofaprotit; tiie planters ' tached to their superiority iu the preparation of , ''7,7rTnr"t';f';'.L'!°H!''.''' '^"''^''-'^' c I'l'i- /.,, .r,. ... I ">, *.'OurL-iL[ etl, nosioi). Oct*/. •eccption ot wares and unple- this u.^eful beverage. The whole ot the mysterv i correspondence of 8amuel Adams, is in a state of ,lfHinit.—On Wednesday evening last a few | forwardness, and advancing with as much rapidity g men assembled at White Oak Bottom to jas its nature and importance will admit. le experiment of decoying wolves with a I josition of assafostida. They greased a sheep Dea. Hayes, of Dover, (N. H.) has invented an with tallow, and applied the composition — apparatus called Rut Filler, which fills t!;i,' ruts in they hauled after them from where they sup- |a road, and levok the roud, by one operation. It \ the wolves to be, to a scaffold where they is said it will remove as much dirt in a day as 50, ded to lay with their guus. Scarcely had I men. reached the scaffold, when a wolf was observ- 1 their trail, but perceiving bis enemy, stop- ind commenced a howl, in which he was im- at.ely joined by, (it is confidently asserted) 40 to 00. Ow ing to the height of the grass lich a lurking foe m'^ht have seized and over- red them, and the p.uicity of their number, arty did not venture an attack, but ver For sale, 300 Merino Sheep — princtpalty Ewes. lUO in Windsor, County of Berkshire, under Ihf oaie of Edw'd Wilhinston, lOJ in Winchendon, Coun- ly of Worcester, apply to Seth 'I'ucker Jr ; 100 in Millon, County of Norfolk, apply to Nathl. Tucker: abo, the wool sheared the last season from said sheep at Winchendon and Milton. There will be no bucks with the above sheep until the 20th of this month. Milton, Nov. 3, 1826. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. A claim has been made to Charles X, to the amount of 1,200,000 francs, by the Countess Ors- coii, for services rendered by her ancestors in 1569 to Henrv IV. Mnri/land C'aims. — The state of Maryland has received from the genera! government, within the ''^ ! present vear, $l'iy,UOO, for interests on tlic claims d in the breathless expectations of their scaf- ! of that state ior expenditures during the lato war, jeing gnawed down, auricular witnesses to the principal of which had some years ago b owlino' of those ravenous animals, until the sun had dissip.ated their fears. [Western Sun refunded to the state. This sum has been appro- priated by the Maryland legislature to the support of primary schools. iplicity in food, in all conditions of life, is in- bly attended by throe great advantages, — the I Superior allum from the Salem Laboratory in blils. of that it is evidently conducive to health and j 300 lbs. net, for sale on the most favourable terms, gth ; the second, (in the higher conditions of | Refined Saltpetre, t is equally conducive to the preservation of in kegs of lOri lbs. net,— fiom the same Laboratory, ite:— and the third, that the simplest fare, j Du PonVs Gunpowder, the effect of habit, affords exactly the same ! ^y the cask or smaller quantity ;e of gratification as the highest. Those who n the simplest mode have exactly the same ity and degree of gratification with those live in comparative luxury, and without the ness of the latter mode. s mentioned in a paper published in Arkan- liat a law has recently been passed by the rnment of Mexico, for the emancipation of 3 in the province of Texas. This has given consternation to all the slave-holders ; and are removing to Louisiana and Arkansas,that may retain their slaves. Shot i{ Balls, at wholesale and retail, at the lowf st price E. COPELAND, Jun. 65 Broad Street. oct. 13. tf. For Sale. SIX superior Saxon Rams, imported in the Brig Oc- tavia, Capt. Russell — also, seven fine Merino Rams, and ten pair Bremen Gttse; also, three New Milch Goats, with their Kids. Apply to THOMAS WIL- LIAMS, Noddle's Island. Improved Black Ink Powder and Liquid Ink. SAMUEL KIUDER & CO. Manufacture Black Ink Powder and Liquid Black 'Ink of an improved quality. For more than twenty years, S. Kidder has been engaged in the manufacture of Ink Powder, and has asserted, on the authority of the Richmond during that period devoted his at'ention to the im- irer, that the njdounfs o/ imports into the U. j prorement of the composition. The article now of- during the first quarter of the present '''■'■'■'l **>« P"'^'''^' '.'. warranted equal to any in the according to the invoices, was about three '. warranted ; country. Its peculiarities are, a permanent black, without the usual glutinous properties which prevent ms less than during the corresponding three the easy flow of the Ink from the pen. IS of 1895, and that the secretary of the i It is deemed unnecessary to assert anv thing further 3ury has instituted enquiries to ascertain the 'n favour of the above named article, but respectfully refer to the annexed certificate. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - . - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, cargo, No I, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - . skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rye, best, - - - GRAIN. Rye - - ... Corn - - . - _ Barley - - - _ Oats - - ... HOGS' LARD, Ist sort, new, - liOI'S, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, ntw, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover I WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash j do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. BEEI'', best pieces - - - . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - . VEAL, Ml'TTON, POULTRY, ----.. BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - . - - Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - . CIDER, liquor, (new) - - - j I'ROM bbl 1 50 Ion. 85 00 95 00 bush 1 25 bbl. 9 25 6 25 5 00 lb. 14 9 O 10 bush 90 bbl. 5 62 5 75 3 25 bud 85 84 90 53 lb. 9 cask 9(t gal. "r ton. 2 SOf bbl. 14 00 11 1 10 00 bush 2 50| lb. 8, To D. 2 00 87 00 97 00 I .50 9 50 6 50 6 50 16 10 . 5 It 1 00 5 75 5 87 3 50 85 86 96 55 10 95 80 2 63 14 11 10 3 00 45 30 33 10 H 6 JO 8 10 18 20 1 00 I 00 40- 1 50 136 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 17. isaii. iMEsscsi:>x.ANai:s. SONG. Whitlier, ah I whfther is my lost lovc straying— Upon what pleasant land beyond the sea f Oh ! ye winds now plaj in^, Like airy spirits, round my temples, free, Fly and tell him this from me. Tell him, sweet winds, that, in my woman's bosom, My younj love still retains its perfect power, Or like the summer blossom Still changing from tlie bi:d to the full-grown flower, Grows with every passing hour. Say, and ssy jently, that since we two have parted. How little joy — much sorrow I have known. Only not broken hearted. Because I muse upon bright moments gone, And think and dream of him alone. Evening scenes in India. — I liave found myself sometimes towards the end of a day's journey in a I green lane festooned with jasmine, and overshadow- I ed with tamarind trees, at the end of which was ; jthe village, with its white pagoda, glittering in the ; setting sun, and peopled with such groups, as are \ seen on antique marbles ; where tlie evening air j i was almost oppressive with perfume, and the I modest sound that broke upon the stillness, was the sweet note of a wood pigeon, or the sudden flight of a flock of green parrots ; where the doves were pecking at my feet, and the squirrels ; j, WILUA.M I'KINC liI0|] etorof this estalilishmeut, ofll i^ to the public the most ext( sive c.ilieclion ol Fruit': _ ^ r.nntal 'frees, and I'l S;-! ^=.';penae, and sucli :r Swift having dined with a rich miser, pronoun- ced the following grace after dinner : "• Thanks for this miracle ; it is no less Than finding manna in the wilderness. In midst of famine we have found relief. And seen the wonder of a chine of beef ! Chimneys have smoked tliat never smoked before, And we have diu'd, where we shall dine no more." I and monkeys, shakincp the feathery leaves of the not possess particular merit have been rejected \ -^ ° , ,1 1 1 .1 • 1 U....« *..»(. ..I I... (Ua V...C* -.ntl.. ' tamarinds, above my head ; " and all was odorous scent, and harmony, and glad.ness of the heart, I nerye,ear and sight." It is poetry to recollect such i a scene. No pen or pencil could surpass its love- I liness. len; Principles of Female Costume — A loose <3rapery is always cooler in summer, warmer in winter. their accuracy has been tested by the best authol th „ In the present catalogue he offers above 500 new rieties of Fruits not to be found in any ether collect in America, and whieli include Ihe most f.clebri kinds Ib.it have within a (. w years past bi en bi'O ! into notic- a'ld recommended by those distingui Some ladies and gentlemen were one evening : Horti'iuUnralists, Van Mous ,5: Dnquescne, and b; discussing the merits of Scottish literature; cue ; Knight, President cf the Horticultural Soci.lyofl^ spoke of Burns, anothor of tScolt, and n, third said i J""- , ,, u . j r.i o L J ■ 1 TT , m 1 ,ri , , 1 1 .1 I In resar.-Ho the character and accuracy of the Fl she admired Hogg's Tales. 'Hog's tills,' said an , ^^^^ ^^=_^ ^^^^ establishment, the propri. tor refd old lady whose ear had cauglit this remark alone, '■ fj^^ pj„„ Jor-athan Hiinnewell. pud o'her' gentler 'hog's tails!! why, bless mo, I think any part of ■ Bctou and it? vicirjity, who have patronised his the critter is better than the tail ! li-h.nent for the last fifty years, and p.irtirniarly (i liirit of the various kindt with Vi-hich the Boslo , The following is related as a Chinese jest— A !«t is now .upplied from the exiei,sive collectii 1 * u .L 1 J . J . . -t 1 I -1,1 , 1 1 1 1 ■ . .• tref« ^urni'hed the laie l)r Onver hmith, secret! and at both seasons less adapted to transmit sud- woman, surprised bv her husband, had lUst time i"^t. .ui-n-iieu " , c • . , t f. . .L .■ u. 1 1. 1-1 I ,1 .' , J 1- • i the Massachusetts Agricultural ^oeie.y, den changes ot temperature, than a tight dress. t to liide her gallant in a sack, and set him up against ,1 thirty years since had sevral thousand tre( A loose drapery may always be disposed either the wall. The man coming in asks, ' what is nuilly, which wer-e distributed among the membi beautifully or gradually; a tight dress is always . there in this sack .'' The woman, taken suddenly is , that Association. It may perhaps he deemed ugly, and generally ridiculous. : confused, and hesitates a moment for an answer, i of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offen The small head-dress and enc.rmous train chat- 1 The gallant afraid she would blunder, calls out 1 '^'^',^y "'"^ P™1"'';'"'°,':',,"'' ''.''''^'"''"' l'"" "'°''' . . ., t 1 1 J 1 1 .1 1 !■ Ti • ■ 1 ,. , , ,. , • , vated by other estabhshuients under the same ni actorize the more stately dame, while the large from the inside of the sack, 'nothing but rice.' ) ^^^^ ^^^ identity of every fruit sent by him, the pr. hat or bonnet, and shorter dress distinguish the ; _ i ^^^^ expressly o-narantees livelier girl. I Cider plenty. — At a time when apples were plen- | Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the subso The shawl is adapted only for tall and thin fig ; ty. and hardly worth the labor of making into ci- 1 and orders left with him, (if from a distance post ures; but it admits of no very tine effects even for i'"'') 1 "ch farmer in Londonderry, told ' his poor 1 will meet prompt attention. ^^ them,while it is ruinous to shorter and en honpoint neighbor that if he would come to his orchard and j ^.''O'^'"^^" "^^6^11?,; ^^''"°'' "'^ ^'""f"''"^' ^ figures, however beautifully formed. P'cl^ t'lc apples he might have them and welcome. 1 -" ""'' ^ "^ ' °' ""' '"^P" The scarf is better adapted for all figures; it Hodge scratched his head and after considering | JAMES BLOODGOOD & Co', corresponds exactly to tlie pepluin of the ancient <■> moment saiil, " thank ye, sir, if you'll find me \ J\r,irser;i at Flushing, on Long Island, ne Grecian women, and it admits of the same expres- bread and cheese, and the old grey marc to grind sive arrangements. '^ni, I'll take up your offer." A person, having an oval face, may wear a bon- . net with a wide front, exposing the lower part of " '^ '^ striking illustration of the decay of the the cheeks. One, having a round face, should onimercial marine of Spain, thit since 1819, not wear a closer front; and if the jaw is wide, it may ^ ^"'S^" Spanish ship has passed the Sound. The in appearance be diraii.ished by bringing the cor- """'ber of British that passed last year was 5186. ners of the bonnet sloping to the point of the chin The Scotch bonnet seems to suit youth alone.- ^W of ^f"des>nan's letter—'-Sir, If you will If a mixture of archness and innocence do not *^!y°'' """ ^ ^'i^ amount of ray bill, you will 1,1 „i ■ .1 ^ r ■ u ■. ■. ■ , oblige 7«e — If not, I must oifeffe i/ou. blend in the countenance which wears it, it gives I ° [ ■/■/t.gc^un. a theatrical an:' bold air. -^1 Miseries of Human Zyife.-To he intruded upon Hats always give a masculine look ; and those ] by visitors at unseasonable hours, and to have turned up before give a petit air. A long neck may have the nock of the bonnet descending,the neck of the dress rising and filling more or less of the intermediate space. A short neck should have the whole bonnet short and close in tlif perpendicular direction, and the neck of the dress neither high nor wide. Persons with waists too large mny render themselves less before by a their visits protracted to ati unreasonable length. To hear loig stories upon subjects you kniiw nothing of, and care less. To have an intruder present himself, when you wish to converse with a friend or any other per- son, upon confidential subjects. A man's nature runs, says Bacon, either to herbs Stomacher, and bel.ind by a corresponding form' of, °'' ^^'ceds ; therefore let him seasonably water the thf dress, making tho top of the dress smooth across the shoulders, and drawing it in plaits to a narrow point at the bottom of the waist. Tall women may have a wide skirt, or several flounces, or both of these ; shorter women a moderate one, but as long as can be conveniently worn. Tight shoes make the feet look large and the ancles elumsy. [European Mag.] one and destroy the other. Mrs Diana Strong,of Gieenfield, a lady ,00 years of age, received a premium for linen diaper at the Northampton Fair. The library of t!ie American Antiquarian Socie- ty, at Worcester, Mass. contains more than 70011 volumes; nearly one thousand of which are news- papers. York IX behalf of the proprietors of the rser)', the subscriber solicits the on rticulturists who may be desirous of ^ iiig their gardens and fields with fruit trees of the sorts and most healthy and vigorous stocks the pi autumn. ^^_ Bloodgoou i- Co. allend personally to the inocii and en^rafling of all their fruit Ireu, and pure! may rely with confidence that the trees they orde prove genuine The subscriber, agent of the above nursery, w! ceive orders for any quantity of FRUIT AND FURKST TREES FLO\VER[iNG SHRUliS, AND PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at thi and expense of the Purchaser ; the bills may be to him. The lepirtation of this nursery is so extensively and has been so well sustained that I take leave fer those in want of trees to any of (he Moi ticultl in tt.is city and its vicinity, and if ocular demonsli is desired, I invite those who wish to be thus sati to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchestel cured from this nursery for three or four yeara some of which are now in bearing, all in a healtl vigorfius state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applii to ZLK. COOK Rogpi-s' Building— Congress Sti Batton, August, 2blh, 1821). eotf The Farsier is published tvery Iriday at $'i.bO annum, if paid in advance. i N¥.W ENGLAND FARJ!IE11. !'ul>!i.shed by John B. Russei-l at the corner of Congress lUid Liuilall Streets, (entruiiio Iroin l.irila!! street) Thomas G. 1'j:6SEnden Editor. VOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 24^ 1826. No. 18. AGIUCULTUKE. [Prepared for the JVew England Farmer.] they liuvo butcher meat on Hint liuy only. Thev are divided into llireo classes, accor.Un^ to age and strength; an entry is made in a book cvcrv I night of the nuiriber of hours each class has work'- i.Ai'.NCHiNG TREES, e whole course of his youth ; providing, at the same time, for his whole physical maintenance, at a rate which must be deemed excessively cheap for any but the very lowest of people. The practicability of this scheme for inculcat ing individual prudence and practical morality, not only in the agricultural but .in all the operative classes of society, M. Simond considers as demon- strated ; and it only remains to ascertain the ex- tent of its application. " Two only of the pupils they .ted down the Reuss into the Rhine." iRIClLTlRAL, ESTAELItllMENT IN SWITZER- LAND. 'his establishment " was invented, and is con- rted at the sole expense of M. Fellenbcrg, a prietor and agriculturist. His object was to ly a sounder system of education for the great y of the people, in order to stop the progress rror and corruption. Upwards of 19 years ago | have left Hofu yl, for a place, before the end of undertook to systematise domestic education, I their time, and one, with M. de Fellenberg's leave, to show on a large scale how the children of i is become chief manager of the immense estate of poor might be best taught, and their labour at same time most profitably applied ; in short i- the first twenty years of a poor rrfan's life lit be so employed as to provide both for lis port and his education. The peasants in his «;liborhood weie at first rather shy of trusting ir children for a new experiment ; and being s oblincd to take iiis pupils .vherehe could find m, m;iny of the earliest were sons of vagrar.fs. literally picked up on the hi/hv.-ays ; this is case with one or two of the most uistinguished ils. ""/ifiV treaimerd is nearly that of children under paternal roof. They go out every morning to ir work soon after sun rise, having first break- ed, and received a Ics.son of about half an hour: y return at noon. Dinner 'akes them half an r, a lesson of one hour follo'vs : then to work in till six in the cening. On Sunday the dif int lessons take six hours instead of two ; and Comte Abafty, in Hungary, and has, it is said, doubled its proceeds by the improved method of husbandry he has introduced. This young man, whose name is Madorly, was originally a beggar boy, and not particularly distinguished at school. Another directs a school established near Zurich, and acquits himself to the entire satisfaction of his employers. M. Fellenberg has besides a number of pupils of the higher classes, some of whom be- long to the first families of Germany, Russia, and Switzerland. They live enfnmille with their mas- ter, and nre instructed by the d liferent tutors in the theory and practice of agriculture and in the ;irts and sciences on which it is founded (See Si- iMniVs Account of Sivitzeiinnd, vol. i. Vd. Rev. 1619 No. 64. Des Institutes dc Hofwyl, Paris 1819.) THE FAIR SEX IN OLDEN TIME. In the reign of Henry VIII. in Engl,-i.d, Sir A. Fitzherbert, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, wrote a treatise, entitled The Hook of Husbandry, from which the following is extracted; " It is a wive'.s occupation to wynouc all manner of cornes, t'.' make inalte, to washe, and wrynge, to make hoye, sheve come, [reap] and, in time of node, to I help her hushande to fill the mucke wayne or diinge cart, drive the ploiighe, to loade heye, come ami suche other. And to go or ride to the market, I to sol butter, ehese, mylk, egges, chckyns, capons, heunes, pyggcs, gese, and all manner of cornes.'' Very ungenteel employment for ladies ! NUISA.NCES IN LO.NDON. Blytlie an old English writer on agriculture, who wrote a book called " Improver Improved," published in 1649, says " It was not many years since the fair»iis city of London petitioned the Parliament of F.nghtnd against two nuisances or offensive commodities, which were likely to come into great use and esteem; and that was Jsowcas- tlc coal, in regard of their stench, &c. ; and hops in regard thuy would spoyle the taste of drinck, and endanger the people." LEAVES or TREES FODDER FOR CATTLE. A remarkable feature in the agriculture of France, and of most warm countries, is the use of leaves of trees as food for cattle. Not only are mulberry, olive, poplar, vine, and other leaves gathered in autumn, when they begin to change colour, and ac dinary obstructions in tlie throats of cattle, I be- ; These animals are marked with e.xcellent pro lieve, may be removed more easily, and with less ertios. pain to the animal, than by jamming or crushing j Mr Albert H Sprague, of Spencer, is entitll them with a mallet on a block, as is the common to great credit for his excellent Bull Calf, practice. With the probang the surgeon is in the I F^r Heifirs one year old. habit of pushing forward in the throat of a human ,^^ ^^^ ^ ,^ ^^ S^^r^te,, for hii subject foreign bodies which cannot be extracted, ^,^ .^^ Holderness, first prem. and why may not a similar operation on brute am. - ^ i raals succeed far better th.an any other in remov- ing obstructions from their throats, which cannot be extracted ? But in order to succeed, it is abso- lutely necessary that the tono-ue of the animal should be seized and drawn out of the mouth, and the nose raised. To Col. Jacob W. Willson, of Princeton, for his yearling Heifer, ^ Holderness, the sccniid prera. For Heifers two years old. To Capt. Benjamin Harrington, of Princetun for his tv.o-year old Heifer, lined back, the first prem. nORCESTERJIGRICULTURJlLSOCIETY.lTo Capt. Lewis Ba.TRa.rd, of Worcester, for Im REPORT ON NEAT STOCK. broad-liomed, tvvo-years-old Ilcifer, j LVntot The Committee appointed on Neat Stock, ex- 1 '^^ second prom, cept Cows and Fat Cattle, have attended to that | ■f"'" Heifers three years old. service, and ask leave to submit the following Re- To Col. Jacob W. Watson, of Princeton, fur port : — I his three year old Heifer, i Yorkshire, first . There were entered with the Recording Secre- [ prem. ' tary for Premiums 114 animals ; and, in addition ' To Col. David Lathe, of Charlton, for his ] to these, U were pres-ented only for exhibition ; , three-year old Heifer, i Holderness, the and the different classes, ages and qualities of j second prem. these animals passed under examinaHon of your | The whole lot of Heifers were excellent, Committee. In almost every animal, traits of ex- [ their appearance reflects much honor upon cellence were strongly marked ; each possessing ' owners. so many of those properties which render Stock valuable, your Committee found the duty of dis- crimination and preference extremely arduous ami difliciilt. If errois should be detected in the decisions of your Committee, they will be palliated not only by the consideration of the shortness of the time allotted them for tlie performance of so arduous and responsible a service ; but also of the diffi For Heifer Calnes fromfiur to twelve months To Co!. David Lathe, of Charlton,for his Heif- er Calf, six months old, the first prem. To Col. Jacob W. Watson, of Princeton, for his Heifer Calf, five months old, the second prem. For Steers three years old. This part of the Show far surpassed any oi former exhibilions of this kind of animals. Yflf culty of formina' correct and satisfactory decisions of what constitutes the best points in anim-ds, ' '^°.'"."""^'^ ''"'' "'■f' difficulty in forming t^ where the difi-crence is so sliffht, as to render t °l""'°" "^f '", P'-<^f"ence ; but after very cl( ly sun-set, and we were in great haste, yet we at 1 very doubtful to which the preference ought to be \ ^""tiny they have awarded to Mr Joseph Men once concluded to make use of some efforts to re- 1 given. So far, however, as a dcvotedness to duty ^^ Pnnceton, for his pair of three-year old Sti lieve, and if possible save a sufferinsf animal. | and an impartial judgment are assurances of recir- "'^ ^J^'P''^'"- The cause of the distress, a potato"; could plainly Uttrff, your Comm'ittee can rely upon the candour jToMj Royal T Marble, of Sutton, for his pi be felt, although it had passed well down. Our of the competitors, and the approval of a generous °^ ""-ee-year old Steers, the second prem. first attempt was to crush it between two stones, I Public. Y'our Committee have awarded the fol- 1 For Steers tioo years-old. having no other instrument at hand. In this we j lowing Premiums : — |To Mr Elisha Jacobs, of Millbury, for his pair did not succeed, not being able to confine it to one Eight Bulls were presented for Premiums; I two year old Steers, the first prem. place, or to hit it fairly. and your Committee have awarded to Mr ! To Mr Luther Whiting, of Sntton, for his pi I then took hold of her tongue a:id drew it out I Abijah Burnap, of Millbury, for his Bull, 4A of two year old Steers, the second prem. Vol. v.— No. 18. NKW ENGLAND I AJIMKR. Crair..- weok to fl Far Slti:is one i/ear eld. ilr W. B. iiarringtoM, of tiraflon, tor his pair oryear'iin}.' Steers, tlie fiist preiii. 5 0 Col. Stephen Davis, ot"0.\lbid, for his pair of yearling Steers, the seoon I prein. 3 i Vonr Cominiltee noticed with great satisfaction, nt II cent.s per pound. Rye advanced in New Vork tlie last cents per busliel. Uarley is $1,13 higher than any otiier grain. Country 18f) NI'JVVAUK AIJ';.\UOVV.s. Much has recently been said about the Newark e fine lot ot'cattlc presented by his E.vcellency ;vi Lincoln, for examination only. Imported Bull " Admiral." j Bull " Durliam," h blood by Mr Williams's im- 1 rted bull •' Denton." One three year old Heifer,now just from the pas- l^ngland at ;!U cents a pound. Hamp. Gaz. re, J blood •• Denton." ! . Two Heifers, the red one by "Admiral," but two J)e.,tsp.gallpa..c.erbrandy.«'-;;:2!iS^ ?:";/!"'!5."'".*'°"', ^"^'^"^ ^-- -'-' °" ^•^'•"'"y : to encounter has been the want of pure fthlva ter. They have been subjected to the trouble and The prospects of the wool-growers of the north i expense o^n.n po • in7i7 from tL Y ""' d thocotton planters ofthe south are as gloomy several ndlesdllTnce.^ ='' ^'°""'' In the interior of Alabama cotton h at () cents per pound ; this is about l- j profitable as raising full blood merino wool in New k l.oo., o„ii ,r. , ,.'. " — i ^^^ Disbrow, so well known for his succa^i *n been sold at (.cents per pound ; th.s is about as boring for water, has been en The Cincinnati Commercial Register, recom- ars old in A'lgust last: the other by " Denton," 'ncnding the estalilishnient of an Agricultural So- 1 Tu mployod by the Hobo- en Banking and Grazing Company, and at the distance of 104 feel from the surface of the ground, [about two miles west of the Hackensack Bridge,' inear the junt:tion of the Bclville and Newark oni a native cow two years old last spring. One bull Calf by " Denton," seven months old, |uing half the milk of a cow, running with anoth- calf in the pasture. rnpike has found an abundance of pure water. The following' memorandum may be useful to those ciety in Hamilton County, Ohio, says : |\*iie uiui V an uy " I'eiituii, strvuii iiKinius om, ' ifonoraf Wasfiington bent the whole force of{ uing half the milk of a cow, running with anotli- '"^ ■ calf in the pasture. ^"d his correspondence on this subje One Bull Calf by " Admiral," now four months P'^^served, as conlainiug a body of the most inter- i ^„ «■;^l, «,.;«,,„ t «■ i ^V'\~"S ■""'"" ,d seven days old; and Steer Calf by "Admiral," \ esting documents we possess. It is said /,. held ^' '' " "'''' '° "^""^ '^''^^ ^° ""= '=""°"^- ,1 1 .„.. J..., „ij many coiumuiiicnlwiis icilh the late Kinix of Eng- : ■'^I'niurandum made hy the men who bored for water ■• ucnerai wasningrton bent the who e force nf t- i . .. • .. .r -- "■^^■". w 0,.^.,,^ is powerful mind t°o the subje tfo„7n™rs' ^T /r"''^^^ '" "" „j I ■ 1 ,.■',.■'""'! "Pel'ifrist It may not bo unaccentable The differ nd his correspondence on this subject will be lonff ' pnt ,„^n.„ ,.,»,.„ ;.„,..,„„. ..iu '^, ' = _, "'"''' ent strata were measured with all practical accura- : lur months and ten days old. This part of the exhibition surpassed by far any i^^nd, himself an able Agrieuliurist, on this import- j irmer show of the kind, and to your Committee is : <^nt pursuit." i A correspondent of the Richmond Whig recom- mends the cultivation of the vine in Virginia, as ' aspire a patriotic zeal to call forth their energies ' °"° °^ ^^'^ ^''^I'l'-' '^''°P^- The climate and soil, he [ the use of those means,which a kind Providence ^*>'* '^^'^ admirably adapted to it. Wheat and to- i 3 so liberailv bestowed for the increase of wealth : °"'^'^° '^^" ''^rJly be made to yield six per cent, on j . 1 the enlargement of the comforts of human life. "": *=^P"'''' '1"'^ •cotton is a drug. The time re- ' With much s,-.lisfaiiion your Committee congrat- ■ l^'red for raising grapes is less than for apples or 071 the JVewark meadows. full and satisfactory demonstration of all that has !en said of crossing our native breed of cattle. It must gladden the heart of every farmer, and Vegetable deposite. Beach sand 8 feet .5 Stiff potters' clay Sand Clay Sand Potters' clay Red coarse do. 36 33 7 10 4 6 inches (i " 104 feet, ate this Socisty for the happy effects which re- Peaches.and the labour of making no greater than! ^ lit from a spirit of emulation among ourgoodfarm- "'f ' of making dder. Brandy is also easily man- \ at which depth we came to Free Stone Rock, and •s in the improven-cat of their Neat Stock, and ," ^'^t"''^"- j finding that the seven feet strata of sand gave us The American Farmer mentions,that an orchard I "" fibundant supply of excellent water, we ended of 300 apple trees,planted in Maryland in J81'i,has °"'' '^''o"" '^jie water rises within two and a half flourished to such a degree that "the owners esti- , '^^^ °*"^*''f «"• face of the earth, through a cast iron mate its product this year as capable of yieldi: ten thousand gallons of cider. arlicularly that part which passed this day under ■J view. -All which is respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER DUSTIN,"] LOVt.TT PETERS, | JOSHUA W. LELAND, } Committee. SAMUEL BROOKS, | JOHN R. NYF, 3 BARLEY. We last year took occasion to recommend to our igricultural friends more attention to the cultiva- .ion of Barley. We were in 'uced to do this by the sigh price of the article at the tifne, and the pros- pect of a continued demand, afforded by the in- crea.sed consumption of malt liquors in our country. The price which it brinirs the present seasoa con- pipe, of eight inches in diameter, into which a pump is iuserted — A'. 1'. Statesman. Remarkable.— Ur J. Whitcomb, of Swanzey in ' ^° ""*''* Poimona wine.r—The directions publish- tbis County, aged 95. husked with his own hands, e*! ''>' '*^''.^'°oper of Now Jers.^y, for making a the present season, 148 bushels of corn in 18 .lays. I ^^"'"^ of cider and other ingre.!ients,are as follows: Mr W. is in perfect health, and does not t.ppear to \ ^^^e cider of the best running of the choese,made have grown much older for 30 years during which ^'^^"" so"nd apples, and if possible all of one kind: time diet. he has subsisted e.\clusively upon milk [Keene Seatinei.j Curious Phgtarism — The last Providence Jonr nal contains a singular instance of literary theft. A Priic Sssay of one of the students of Brown the same kind of cider, kept for the purpose, until and add as much honey as will make it bear an e£_ strain it, fill the cask, with the addition of two gal- lons of brandy, (Mr Cooper says cider spirits) to a barrel — set it in a cool place, with bung hole open to ferment: fill it frequently as it ferments, with firms the correctness of the remarks we then made. University, is found to be a literal transcript from 'J'^ fermentation has nearly subsided, then bung it an article in Blackvyood's Maga.:ine. and furnishes the best encouragement to our farm ers to appropriate more of their land to this species of grain. By an advertisement in our paper this j Many of the fruit trees and forest sh week it will be seen that one dollar and ten cents j Charleston, S.C. nrr again in full jlooni,the weath 3 bushel are now paid for barley at the Brt^wery er being remarkably mild for the season. in this place, and at half this price, if we are cor- - — rectly informed, it would not be an unpro.'^tablc | Mutinners. — The mutineers of schr. Fairy, were 1 wers as well, perh.aps better. — By John Mcholson lightly, and when it has done fermenting, close up the vessel. The next spring, rack off the liquor lbs at into a new cask ; clarify it with sweet milk, the whites of eggs, and clean sand, beaten up and well stirred into the cask. It is, however, found that a quart of sweet milk to a barrel, well stirred, ans- crop. The quantity raised in tiiis state is so small 1 delivered to the United States authorities en Mon- that the brewers are obliged to procure most of their supplies from abroad. It is certainly desira- ble that our own farmers should avail themslves of the demand for this article. [Con. Cour.] Worcester's Memoir on Longevity, state.', that the proportion of persons in the State of New Hampshire, who attain the age of one hundred years, is greater than in Sweden or Russia. Nine- ty-three persons are enumerated who were from 100 to 110 years of age ; 59 were women, and 34 men. Five are mentioned who reached 110 and upwards ; all of them were men. y aflernoon from H. M. S. Chebueto, and con veyed to the jail in this city. On Tuesday fore- noon two of them, Charles Merchant and IViixs'ow Esq. of Herkiner County. Greece. — The last Paris papers, which are as late as the 15th of October, give consolatory views ''ij.'fi's, vv ere brought before Judge Davis, of the ' of Grecian aflairs. The Turkish division which U. S. District Court, for examination on a charge of piracy and murder, and we understand that one of them, we are not able to say which, acknowledg- ed having killed the mate of the Fairy, Joseph D. Je'ikin::, but the other remained silent. The wit- nesses, viz. John Murray and John Hughes, also a part of the crew, were present in Court. The examination was postponed. had invaded Athens, has been driven from that quarter, and sought safety in Negropont. The ex- pedition of the Turkish Grand Admiral against Sanios had been defeated, and some of his troops were cut to pieces. Lord Cochrane arrived at Napoli on the 8th of September, ha.ing with him the steam vessel in which he left England, and six other vessels. 140 NEW ENGLAND FARIMER. Nov. 24. ireu. ever read of, is tlie one cited by Smellio, in his Philosophy of Natural History ; v.hich was grow- ing at Cowthrope, near Wetherby ; upon the es- tate belonginj; to the Right Hon. Lady Stourton. " The dimensions are almost incredible. Within LARCl:: TREES. Chardin, the traveller, tells us, that in the king's garden at Shiras in Persia, he observed a tree whose trunk was 'eight yards in circumference. — From the great age' of this tree, it was treated - xnt,- muienaiuuH are aiinos witii peculiar veneration by tho inhabitants. They ,3 feet of the surface it measured 16 yards, and pray under its shade, juid hang chaplels & pieces [close by the ground, 20 yards. Its height in its of llieir cloths upon its boughs. The sick or their : present ruinous state, (]77f)) is about 85 feet, and friends resort here, to burn incense, to fix lighted j its principal limb extends 16 yanis from the boll." candles to the trunk, and to perform other super- " When compared to this, fsays Dr Hunter) all stitious ceremoiiies, in the hopes of their health, i other trees are but children of the forest." Throughout Persia there are many trees thus su- j The following account of the celebrated horse persatiously reverenced by the people. chesnut of Mount ^tna, is from Brydone's Trav- The Charier Oak in Connecticut. " From the els : " leaving the Catania road on the left, they best intormafonthnt we can obtain," says a Hart- I began to ascend the mountain, in order to visit ford paper, "this tree is no le.s than four hun-jthe celebrated tree, known by the name of the dree, years old : itiswer,t,/.eishtfeet,nc,rcumfe-Chesnui Tree of an hundred Horse, which for rence near the ground, and at the height of seven ) ,ome centuries has been regar,feet ' f ''^ second region ot ^tn., called La Regione and four Inches in circumference, making the di- '^^'^^"'^' i'y t'>e "atives, because it is composed of amcler something over nine feet ; and v^as fortv ''"^ ^^^^ ^""est that e.xtends all round the moun- feet from the foot to a crotch ; frou. thence it was 'f "' ^'- '"""'"^ ''^^'°" "^ '^^'"'' '^^'=^"'^^ ^°^ 20 feet to the first limb runnino- to the hei-ht of ^"°"'/'f '" °': "'"^ miles, and forms a zone or gir- sixty feet from the bottom before it had any limb ' ?,-, ^''° ,'''''-'h'est verdure, all round tlie moun- when it expanded to an immense size. The exact : '"'"• ^ *"'"* """""'• height of the tree conld not be accurately obtain- ! " ^^^' '^'^ P^^''^ ^'"'y Passed through some ed, as the top was much broken, but wascomput- M'^autiful woods of cork and evergreen oak, grow- eA to he vpivards of one hundred feet." | '"&' o"t of tlie lava ; and proceeding about five " An elm standing near the house of Mr Joshua '""'"^'^ farther they came to the chesnut tree al- Avery in Stratham, Ms. and reared since his recol- ' •'^^dy mentioned, which, in the old maps of Sicily, lection; at four feet from the ground, measures 18 ^'^^'^Y^ makes a conspicuous figure. Mr Brydone -3et in circumference, ;;nd 100 feet from the • ^"y'' '^^ ^"^ rather disappointed, as it appeared '^3et in circumference, ;;nd 100 feet from the xtremity of the branches on the one side, to the -xtremity of fhemon the other. It was planted 80 years ago ; and to use Capt. Avery's expression, was then " smaller than his thumb." rather a cluster of five trees growing together, than a single root; however he was assured that they were all once united in the same stem, and _. _. that in the days of old, it was regarded as the Mr Nelson, tlie botanist, who accompanied Cap- ''°^"'y of the forest, and visited from all quarters. in Bligh to the South Sea, for the purpose of ^t "i^"sured no less than 204 feet in circumference; ■' " - - . _ jjjjjj -^f^ j^g jj. jg pretended, it was formerly one trunk, it must, indeed, have been a vronderful phe- nomenon, in the vegetable kingdom. There are j many other trees in this vicinity, of extraordinary magnitude. Our author measured one which rose ! in a solid trun^ to a considerable height, that was' not less than 76 feet in circumference at 2 feet from the ground." The Lexington (Ky.) Public Advertiser says, that " there now stands on the bank of tlie Ohio tain ijuyu lu [lie coutn Kea, tor t/ie purpose ui conveying the Bread- Fruit Tree to the West In- dies, when on Van Dieman's Land, found a tree in a thriving state, of the enormous size of 33A feet in girtii, and at a proportionable height." In Cook's first \oyage. Sir .Toseph Banks and Dr Solander, (I think it was in New Zealand) measu- red a tree that was 98 feet high from the ground to the first branch, quite straight, ) 9 feet in cir- cumierence, and they found still larger trees as they advanced into the wood." ^ ».^.>...v,^u ,1,,,^, i„,j uuou. Luai ■• mere now stands on ttie bank of tlie Ohio On Capt. Cook's third voyage, they saw Indian '''^■<"'. i" the state of Indiana, opposite the moutli canoes on the north-west coast of America : " the of Salt river, a Sycamore tree, which has stabled largest of which carry 20 persons or more, and fourteen head of horses at one time, with ample are formed of one tree. Many of them are 40 feet room. It takes 75 long paces to go round its long 7 broad, and about .-5 deep." trunk, and you may with perfect ease turn a four- VVe are told in the narrative of Gov. Phillips, in t^en foot pole in the inside of its cavity." ''tiilTnes arrlT"t ^'^' ''? T ^°''''"" ''^'""'^ ' '" ^"^"'^ '"'^ Clark's Expedition, they saw pine Jhl7 t f^ at a magnitude unusual in any trees, at the mouth of Columbia river, of 12 feet other part of tne world : some of them are 160, or : d.ameter and 200 feet high. MpT.t ,;, Tn fa- ""'^ ^. °'' ^" ^'"'' '" •"^"'- I The ^bove trees have all grown within the tom- ri^eto feetZl r^^^^ ='°"'^^' =""'' ^'"'^ the' e.xception of that in The El n in I'^U ', u^"'^ ■ I ^''^' Britain, between the latitudes of 30 and 42=. IheLlmin Haffield, (Mass.) is said to be the largest tree in New England. " It measures in RACE AGAINST A COACH 7irtZZ r-T ,V ''"' '■•"" '''' ^'°""' ' ' ^ ^'■"°-' "f '"« '--« °*' E.'wards, was matched at the height of o feet the smallest place in the to run, on Saturday morning, Nov. SeZlenmll trunk, the circumlerence s 24 fppt « i^.i,„„ ;„ !„„„ ,;„„ ...._ .V. r.^., "^ \- '^, (^^f'een mile PATENT CORN SHELLER. Mr Samuel Lane, of this town, has invented ^pt corn-sheller, which promises to be a machine u. ; general utility. It has been used with approb^i tion by several of our farmers in this vicinity, au( applications for them are daily increasing. Thij is a good test of its utility ; and from its" clicaX ness, simplicity of construction and the ease wi3i which it is worked, it appears to be worthy of cor siflci-ation. The machine consists of a cylin. o filled with iron teeth, which moves in a bed-i; c armed iu the same way and pressed against li h faori-ontal springs. The cylinder is piU in i.iolin by a common hand-crank, and it is done wit!] s mucli e:ise, that a boy ten years oUI may turn i'.^ With this machine it is said that two men will .-'-j-l fifteen bushels of corn in an hour, and that it i left more free from hulls and shelled cleaner tha» in the usual mode. The price without the paten is oiily six dollars. The great number of patents applicable to almost every variety of human era ployuient and the innumerable failures, whic have been experienced in them renders the pnlj lie averse to eu.barkinr in experiments wit] the;..i. It must be confessed, that a large majority of the inventions, which have been patented with in twen.y five years, and we are told they amounl to four thous.".nd, have been calculated for purpos, es of mere speculation, or if not designed for thii they have served no oiher end. But notwithstand ing the great number of failures, which have hapj pened and separate from absolute imposition which are inevitable in experiments of all kinds the number of useful machines, which are noi' actually employed will more than counterbalanc the evil which has been suffered, and make th patent law. on the whole, beneficial to the co munity. Many instances might be mentioned o the areat saving of labor by them, and they ar< only not more noticed because they are so com I nion. It was justly thought a wise observation i the sage, who said that he ought to be reoarde as a great benefactor to mankind, who can" mak two blades of grass grow where only one gre\ before; but it is not a less important service t render it easy for a man to perform with the sarni labor double the work, which had before been re quired for its accomplishment. [Hailowell (Me) Gazette.] trunk, the circumlerence is 24 feet 6 inches There is a rut in the tree 4 feet from the around, which tradition says, was made by the fndians tor the highest rise of Connecticut river." ' The largest tree in Great Britain, that I have in less time than the Bath Regulator coach. The coach performed the eighteen miles, chan^in.T twice, in two hours and eight minutes. The pe- destrian did his task with great ease, in five min- utes less than two hours. [An. of Sporting.) PATENT SQUARE AUGER. A machine bearing the above name has been exhibited to us, which consists of an aun-er soc„n structod as to bore 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 sides, or as many as may be required. ^ This machine is similar in form to a screw au ^ per, only there is a cylinder called the tube with ' as many squares on the outside, as you wi^h to i make in the hole you bore. This tube is to be round on the inside and square at the lower end—round on the upper end for one-fourth of an inch down from the top of the tube ; tins tube is slipped into the aforesaid auger, .-.nd good wa.shers and screws or keys to force the tube d.own as the auger turns This tube is to be made o( difl^ercnt shapes, some' times cut only one side like a D, sometimes to be sharp all round. The Auger has a strono- screw to draw It down, and square as it goes down this tube IS to have a slit on one side or on two si es to vent the chips. IBalt. P.it ^ ' Sweet potloi^^^ere exhibited at thp^lnte Bristol County Cattle Show, raised in Taunjon, bv Rus-eli Wood. . -• ■(t " i -\o. I: NEW ENGLAND PAUlVlEII. 141 rm; uoads under tiik thames. lie npprouclxes to the roads will be bj' circular ;ents. I'he (limcnsions of the Roiiils are about pt in broailth, and y 5 feet in height. The ex- ilors are clcfended from any falling- of earth, by workiuj^ in fran'.os conslructed so as to fill wiiolo body of the tunnol. These frames are '■1 into cells, and 30 men are thus m;ulo to on the excavation with p.rfect saCfty and ■;n i-olerity. As fast as the e >.rth is oxcavat- its proper diuiensions, the brick layers follow cdiistrucl the arch which forms the Roads. — ■ aro now passing through a very strnnp; blue u hit h almost assumes the (jualities of pipe ;iii(l is equally capable of resistiuff water. — stratum of clay is supposed to rise twelve above the top of the archway ; so that all i .,'lits of misi-arriage from any inundation are j k'tely sot at rest. the question is frequently asked, how wide e river Thames at the spot where the tunnel nstructcd under that river, we ;.re enabled to, that it is thirteen hundred feet. There are | roads to be constructed under the bed of the i ; one passing to and the other from London; they are to he connected by passages. The ; subterranean region which has at this time eded 170 feet, is well lighted witli gas. London paper. .lASSACHUSETTS STATE PRISON. )in the .Annual Report of the .30th September, it appears that the balance in favor of earn- o; the convicts over and above the ordinary ices of the prison is $9,719 17 cents. Of this nt, .■?5,.521 80 has been paid on account of leu- stone sheds, and of the new prison, leav- balance in favor o\ the Prison of S4,197 87. uiiiiibcr of coniicts on the 30th Septeinber, i|:!, who were thus employed — 105 stone •s, 'JI lumpers, 35 cabinet rnikers, 26 brush rs, () white smiths and tinmen, 3 shoemakers, per plate printer, 7 coopers, 10 weavers, 5 smiths, 5 cobblers, 13 tailors, 8 oakum pick- cooks 10 washers'and waiters, 3 barbers, 28 e new prison, and 8 on the new sheds — 10 j in the hospital, an 1 2 confined in the cells — the convicts are black or colored, and 56 are foroi!jners,of which 15 are English, 16 Irish, tch, 4 French. From the JVew York Statesman. MANUFACTURI.NG BLUE, VITRIOL consumption of blue vitriol has increased to an e.Ktont as to make it necessary that it be manufactured in the cheapest possible er, in order that our artists should be able to ■tp successfully with those of other nations, duciiig those dies and coloured piji-ments, in I this salt forms a necessary ingredient. e vitriol, according to the analysis of Mr :t, is composed of 33 parts of oil of vitriol, 3? of oxide of copper, and 35 parts of water. In )e this salt is often obtained from the miner ters of copper mines, but more g-enerally by ng the native sulphurets of copper, or by ening that substance and exposinsj it to th' By either of the two last methods the sul is acidified, and the sulphate of copper form- e vitriol has hitherto been made in this coun- ■ectly from dilutci' oil of \i;riol,and ol ' cop This is an expensive process, as the thirty- I two pounds of copper nccosstiry to produce one I hundred pounds of the salt, costs more than both , the materials and the expense of making, when I produced from the. native ore, recourse, therefore, should be had to the sulphurets wherever they can I he found. ^ My object in ofP.^ring this essay is to make l;nown to our m.infticluring chemists where this raw nrntorial may be found, and I believe, from [ tlie facts that came under my notice about sixteen I years since, to an unlimited extent. There are, ; no doubt, many ot ;er mines of the s-mie mineral in the country, and I hope they will be made known, or worked-, by those who are acquainted with their locality. About seventeen years since, two Englishmen undertook to open a mine at Parkioming, about twenty -five miles west of Philadelphia, which they considered from the surface appearances, would turn out to be lead. 'I'hey sunk seven or eight pits on the surface, about ten yards from each oth- er, in a longitudinal direction, the greater nnm- her struck on the vein, w!iere they found carbon- ates of load and copper, am! the only specimens of: molvbdatc of lead ever discovered in this country. After one of the party enga ed in the work re- signed, the other sunk a shaft to the south of the vein, of about thirty feet, at whicli depth he run on to the vein, and on cutting' it found it to be sul- phuret of copper instead of lead. The ore appea.-- ed to be about ten or twelve inches thick, in a vein, filled up vvith such minerals as usually accom- pany copper ore, of three feet diameter. The floor find roof were regular, underlying in an an- gle of 60 desrs. The direction of the vein was the most favourable for an extensive product, of any that has come under my notice in this country ,and there can he no doubt, ofits .ifFording an immense quantity of the best materials for making blue vit- riol. At the time this mine was opened, there was but little demand for blue vitriol, in this country, and the land carriage to Philadelphia, was twenty- five miles; at this time the dcmnnd. owing to the great increase of the arts and manufactures, for this article is immense, and the water communica- tion the whole di-tance by the Schuylkill canal. Therefore, there can be no donht. that any person or persons who may vest canital in working the mine, with a view to make blue vitriol, would re- ON THE CULTURE OF THE POTATO. Much has been written in your valuable paper ujion the cultivation oftho Irish potato. As every thing relating to this valuable root is worth atten- tion, I give you the practice of Mr Heflebower, living near me, which 1 have adopted with com- plete success this season. He selects the poorest spots in his fields, ploughs them well in Novem- ber or December, and in the month of March plants his potatoes in drills two feet apart and two inches deep; then covers the whole ground with wheat or other straw, from eight to twelve inch- es tliick, fifteen will -riot he too much, tor the po- tatoes will make their way through. This keeps the ground cool and moist, prevents the growth of grass and weeds, saves the labour of ploughing and weeding, ai.d greatly improves the land. Mr Heflebower last year made an abundant crop, whilst every other person in this neighbourliood failed. To him they have been indebted the last spring for seed potatoes for miles around. ^Im. Farmer. Yours, &c. A. R. PEDESTRIANISM. Walter Woods, who lately performed tv.'o mile? in ten minutes, over a part of Epsom race course, started, on Tuesday, December 9, at four o'clock, to go on foot from L( ndon Bridge to Eye, in Sus- sex, and back, in forty-eight hours, the distance 126 miles, over a hilly country. The pedestrian is five feet in heisjht, and weighs nine stone. His first start was to Seven Oaks-Common, 24 miles, in four hours, where he ate a boiled fowl, and rest- ed an hour. He dined oft' mutton chops at Hawk- hurst, Kent, (40 miles,) at three o'clock ; laid down two hours and resumed his journey leisurely. — He rested at Rye. at nine in the evening, and re- turned back to Sandhurst, where he slept four hours, and left himself the remaining fifty miles to do in sixteen hours. He reached Seven Oaks, at eight o'clock on the Wednesday evening, and finally won the match, without much. fatigue, with twenty minutes to spare. The match is consider- ed equal to 75 miles per day on picked ground. — It was for 100 sovereigns. From Memoirs i(f the JV. I'. Board of ^igricuHurr, LIME IN AGRICULTURE. J. BuKi., Esq. — I received your favor of the 16lh of November, requesting information as to the ef- alize a large interest, and command the m-irket. fgcts of lime upon various soils,— the methods of PUBLICOLA. HOGS. Too often we he^r that ho?s will not gain ; and that brimstone has been inofTectually used to bring j Oil, them to appetite. We must, before conderana tion, know facts. If we wish them to gain 3 Ihs. I pel me to confine my remarks principally to the per day, this is not done by criving more than their sphere of my practice and personal observation. its application, — its duration as a manure, — on what crops most useful, and on what remotely, — the quantity applied, and at what intervals repeat- the price, &c. A want of confidence in my ability to answer these queries suitably, « ill com- appetites require. Hogs, like the epicure, wish their meals tliree times each day ; and are not fond of meals of mince meat, or what may be cook ed over twice or thrice. When the season freez- es, whii was left at one repast they do not readi- ly find an appetite to devour. We should have for hofs. their dry lodqrintjs. clean e.iting rooms, ind middle rooms. Those who attend to such ad- vice, will not be losers. In f'-edint; hosrs, 1 .al'vays 'im careful that of the mi!k from cows, slop from ♦he kitchen : but in nurticulnr the fish water on a Saturday dinner ; and when the pot is boiled, the horrg shonl.l always have a shnre. The pigs, to he wintered over must be contented on a few f ar:i of corn, and plenty of water. IN. H. Statesman.] The land which I cultivate, according to M' Clure's treatise, is transition, composed of white and yellow clay and lime-stone, much of the latter appearing on the surface, intermixed with flint. Up- on this soil I have made a liberal use of lime, ev- er since the year 1790, and think I have been weli rewarded for the expense and lahor,by the increas- ed value of my crops. The method of applying the lime which I have adopted in common with my neighbors is, in the first place, to plough up a sod field with a strong team: in the spring or fall, — harrow it the way it is ploughed, and mark the field into as ms ny squares ■as you intend to put on half-bushels, say 100 on the acre, which will! bring the furrows about 20 142 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 24, 1620. 4 111 frPt aoart each way and require 50 bushels to the I the construction of the kiln, and the experience of! latter. Dr Cooper says [Domestic Encyclopodij, aj/ .•" _ . \ , . , __; — r Ki .,.!,„ u„,„ -.t Where wood costs but one vol. i. page 413] " a quarter of an ouuce of sa(f' acre. This quantity I have found to be most prof- itable. When the lime is burnt, and as soon as it is cool enough to handle, it ought to be hauled on tlie land already marked, and a half-bushel depos- ited in the centre of eacii square, in as compact a heap as possible. If water is convenient, I prefer to slack the lime immediately, rather than to wait for rain, as it becoiTies finer and can be more even- ly spread. As soon as it has slacked, it is imme- diately spread and well harrowed. This method I prefer for Indian corn, barley, oats, rye and po- tatoes. On all the above croj)s I have experien- ced a great benefit from lime the first year after its application. With potatoes I add about 15 two- horse loads of barn-yard manure to the acre, be- fore planting. A second liming is otten given, and much approved of,after an interval of three or more years. This amalgamates better, and can be more intimately mixed with the soil. The~re are good farmers who differ as to the quantity of lime that is most profitably applied. — Some '^ay (JO bushels on the acre, some 70, and some more. I have applied 100 on an acre of lime- stone land, at a dressing ; but have not been able to discover any benefit from using it thus freely, nor any injury, except in the loss of lime. Wheat seldom receives any benefit from lime until the second or third year after it h;is been ap- plied, except it luis been mixed in a compost of yard manure and earth. This method is much practised in the lower counties of this state ; tlio' not by good farmers until tliey have applied lime as the basis of melioration. By this management they have raised their land from an impoverished state, produced by an injudicious cropping, to such a state of fertility, as, I am informed, to enable them to fatten a bullock of six hundred weight on an acre, and to cut grass from the same acre suf- ficient to winter another. Sandy soils are greatly improved by the use of lime. I lately purchased some of that kind, which was originally covered with chesnut timber, and was called mountain land. It has been cleared seventy years; but laying a distance from the farm buildii'gs, had never received any manure but a dressing of lime. This land I have had repeatedly farmed since I owned it ; and although to appear- ance it seemed to be almost a caput mortuum, with the aid of ten or twelve four horse loads of the gleanings of a yard of a public house, it has pro- duced as much, and as good, wheat, rye, oats, tim- othy and clover to the acre, as any land in the township in which it lays. I consider the iimir.o' which it had fifty years ago, as the principal cause of its fertility. It is a general opinion amongst good fanners, that liming should be repeated every ten or fifteen years, and that the increased crops richly compen- sate the expense. It matters very little how it is applied, provided it is evenly spread immediately after it is slacked. If suffered to air-slack, or to lie after it|^has ^been water-slacked, it re-imbibpg carbonic acid, which the fire had expelled, bo- comes lumpy, iind is more difiicult to be incorpo- rated with the soil. Some spread it upon the sod, and plough it under, and think tliey have as much profit from it in this way as in any other. When thus applied, it powerfully contributes to decom- pose the tougher fibres of the sod, and to convert tliem into nutriment for the crop. The price of lime is governed by the price of \i ood, the distance the stone has to be transported. those who burn it _.- , . „ . , , dollar a cord at the kiln, — where the stone has to per day to sheep; and one ounce per day to coulf" be carted not more than the fourth of a mile, — the and oxen is an alloivance ample enough." A^ kiln well constructed to contain 800 or 1000 bush- cording to other writers this is more than is m els, and the workmen understand their business — j cessary. Salt will perhaps be the better, if inci the lime can be sold at eight dollars the hundred [ cated witli a little wood ashes. A scientifi.- ar bushels at the same kiln, and leave to all concern- practical farmer told us that in giving salt [•• h ed a fair compensation for their labor and expense, sheep he always mixed it with unleached v.oc I have paid .$'25 per hundred bushels, delivered on ashes, at the rate of one quart of fine salt to oi the field, at ten miles distant from the lime-kiln, 1 half bushel of ashes. To this composition his ca and think I could not have applied my money to : tie and sheep always had access.* Too much better advantage. This was applied to land of is said by some writers to be injurious to sheep, the old red-stone formation. The produce has far exceeded my expectation. I however make use of barn-yard manure and plaster of Paris ; the form- er at the rate of ten four-horse loads the acre ; and the latter at the rate of a bushel and a half, on i jurious, and often injures the digestion so t rye, timothy and clover. Yet I consider lime as ; best grain will pass through them unaltered Mr Grove, — the Saxon shepherd — says "sal required by sheep at intervals during the whffl year, but it is often given in too great quantiti^ and often forced upon the sheep, which is often i t tl the real mother of all the sweet grasses. I am, with sentiments of esteem. Your obedient servant, DANIEL BUCKLEY Salisbury, Pa. Dec. 19, 1824. P. S. best mode, where rock salt is to be had i tach pieces here and there in the stable or pa ture and let them lick it as they wish. The ui calculation is from one to two pounds, yearl; head, but 1 have usually found that something , , ,. , i than one pound was quite sufficient, and mo I have omitted to state, that on land which I ^, . . , . ■ I, . .,. i. > j 1 iiavi.c'iiin.Loi* ..uo ., , this IS not given in Saxony to the best manai* has been much ex-hausted, or has naturally a thin ri,, Vg " soil, we do not apply more than 30 or 40 bushel- to the acre, at the first dressing ; but in three or four years afterwards the liming may be repeated to advantage, to tlic extent of fifty bushels on the acre. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOV. 24, 1826. Sheep will not endure close and confined air.. i They should have a shelter close over head, i not so close at the sides as to preclude a free culation of air. It should contain some ' apartments in which to keep ewes a few daysj , ious to, and after they have lambs. If the >e large, the wt-thers should be kept by tl I selves. Tney do not require so good keeping ., the ewes and other sheep, unless you wish to ( ten them, and in that case they require bet SHEEP FEEDING. It was a maxim of Columella, an old and mucjrj ''^^P'^ff- approved writer on agriculture, that "t7 is/:,- more] Mr Daiibenton observes that when sheep profitable to keep a small mimbcr of sheep in g-oorf fed on dry fodder during the winter season f the younger ones, and those whicli were ly dropped off; tiiat, on opening these, he tlie food in the third stomach, or that whic ceives the food after the second chewing, to 1 dry as to be unfit for digestion, and to this i he ascribes their death. Tins state of the ach, he very justly concludes, is produced condition ikan a large nuvibcr in porerty." Thi maxim will apply as well to other stock as to sheep. There are, however, some peculiarities relative to the management of sheep, which it may not he amiss to advert to. They will not so well bear confinement, and require more exercise. They should likewise have variety in their food. Change of diet makes healthy and thriving sheep. Pota- 1 sudden change of food from grass to dry foi toes, English turnips, Swedish turnips, mangel I and the remedy poirted out, which is very m wurtzel, carrots, and Indian corn, may all be well | is tnerely to feed' them with a due proportii _ and profitably disposed of as winter food for sheep. | succulent food. For this purpose, turnips, pot* The.sc should be properly alternated with jjood (parrots, &c. will answer. hay or cut straw. If you use the latter you should The food which is given to sheep or neat ort allow the more roots or corn. Do not let them , should either be placed on clean snow or in an run over your pastures after tlie nourishing quali- \ or trough. Many scientific directions have lie ties of the grass are destroved by frost. If you given by writers respecting the best mode of « permit them to lose flesh' to any considerab'e structing a sheep rack. But anything which* amount in autumn or the beginning of winter, you I present their fodder to sheep in such a posit will find it hard work to clothe their dry bones , t'lat they can easily reach and obtain it in SB asrain ; and moreover you will probably have bad j quantities at a time, without trampling on it,» luck with your lambs. " Stock sheep, however, or j serve the desired purpose. The front part of t ewes with lamb, should not be kept too high.-^ j rack, however, should be perpendicular, and » Give them now and then some pine boughs, if ban- (as is often the case) project or lean forwa«) dy, to pick upon. These, say the sages in agri- culture, will cure their colds, and preserve tliem from rot. But if you have not pine bouglis within an easily procurable distance you may put a little tar on boards or in troughs, and sprinkle a little salt over it, and let them help themselves. This though recommended for the grazing season can- not be amiss at any season. Moreover your sheep as well as your neat cattle v.'ill want a little salt winter and summe.-, though not so much in the such a manner that the sheep in feeding will ae ter dust and liay seed over their fleeces. Tho however, who are curious in this matter may gratified by consulting N. E. Farmer, vol iii. pt 3.50, vol. iv. page 234, Mass. Ag. Repos. vol. page 25. Hawthorn Berries. — We have received froij i Lemuel W. Briggs, of Bristol, (R. I.) a quant% ■ See N. E. Farmer, vol. iv. page .362. i Vol. V No. It^. NEV AND FA!{]\IER. 143 us, or berries of tlie Ilav.tliorn, wliicli lie has The Ptnn Soritli/ of Pennsylvania, wliich was "'^ looted of the present year. We sliould be haf/fiy established in 18'i4, has arisen to eminence ; many arry Mr Brigys' intentions into effect, by dis- liiitinof the berries in small parcels to those who ? disposed to cnltivatc live I'ences. Iictic Land Erperlition. — A letter has been re- ( London from Dr Richardson, of an ex- lition sent to e.vplorc the Polar Reg'ions distin3:nislicd citi/ens are now its members, and :iM anniversary day is set apart in commemoration i>f the landing of the illustrious founder and law I "iver of that state. I'.-iinIs, and Uye sluirs, wbich lhe> oflcT for sale at very prices, ainouj which arc the following: : Lihrnries. — Dr. Mease, of Philadelphia, has of- Itjfered the City Authorities two hundred volumes s dated Fort Franklin, Orcat Bear Lake, Feb. i to vards formino; a library for Western Pliiladel- i J(). The party had penetrated as far as to lat. \ pliii, if they will provide a room for their reception. dc'^. 2!) niin. north. Lon. LJ5 deg. 41 inin. j lie al:?o offers to furnish a librarian, for the first It. They propose to resume tb.-;ir travels the ' year. alisfaction Schools and Academies supplied at a L'ent eman residing in Chatham County, became a ,„,.. ,„.„,!,., „-., i,„ u„j • .u- . tf- " •"■ *^. , . , , ^ ' lower rale than can be had in this country. iV. B. Country Merchants, Physicians, and others are respectfully inviu d to rail, as they will find it to ha elapsed down to the present time,he has never been indebted to us for a longer term of subscrip- tion than six motiths ! — having always paid up at the expiration of that time. What a difference it would make in the income of a New'spaper, if its natrons were all as punctual as these gentlemen ! [Raleigh Register.] D. Landale, Esq. tanner, engaged in the late duel at Kirkaldy, has found it prudent to hide him- self. A CARD. The subscriber most gratefully acknowledges his obligations to the citizens of Framingham, and of the neighboring towns, for tlieir prompt, un- wearied, and finally successful exertions, last eve- ning, in rescuing his dwelling Iioiise from total destruction by fire ; while his adjoining barn and out houses were consumed. LEVI EATON Fiamingham, .Vov. 21, 182&. Asricultural Establishment, removed. THE Agricultural Fstablishment is removed to No. 52 ^'orth Market Street, opposite the north side of Fan- uoil Hall, — where may be had a great variety of agri- cullural implements. HAY CUTTLRS, some very low prices. Bailey's and Flagg's improved CORN' MILL. CORN CRACKERS, for grindins- corn and cobs. Wood's. Tice's, Howard's and other improved cast and wrought iron PLOUGHS, Patent Hay and Manure FORKS. Ganlt's patent and common CHURNS. STONF, MILK PANS. l.ovett's improved CHEESE PRESS. Brass and composition B \T,LS. Twenty bushels of MILLET SEED. Also, a large and convenient counting room and chamber to let. Nov. 24 ^^[p' Sportsmen Will find at COPKLAND'S POWDER STORE, 65 Broad Street, a complete assortment of Powder, Sbott. Balls. Flints, and Percussion Caps. The Powder war- ranted superior to any which can be had in the coun- try— price 624 .cents and 87J cts. per lb. Shott, Caps, tc. at the lowest prices — wholesale and retail. 6t Nov. 24 Medicine, Paints, and Dye Stuff's. GREGG & HOLLIS, No. 30 Union Street, have just received a large and extensive assortment of Medicine, their advantage to purchase at this establishment. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, Ist sort, - - - pearl do. - - . - liEAKS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, CIH^ESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, _ _ . iye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - - - . Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PJjAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1; do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover WOOL, Merino, full blood,-wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, Isl sort do Spinning, Ist sort PROVISIOJ^ MARKET. BEEI"', best pieces - - - . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, . . - VEAL. MUTTON, POUl/'TY, ...... BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, .... Indian, do. - . . - POT'IOES, . . CIDER, liquor, (new) - - - hush bhl, lb. cask gal. ton. bbl. I ROM 1 50 85 00 105 00 1 25 9 25 6 25 5 00 14 10 90 6 00 5 75 3 25 85 84 1 00 53 9 90 D. 2 00 87 00 no 00 1 50 9 50 6 50 5 60 16 9 5 11 1 00 6 12 6 87 3 50 86 87 1 10 55 10 80 2 50' 2 62 14 OOJ 14 11 11 10 00 2 50! 8 30 20: 28; 23; 20 38! 10 3 00 30 33 28 23 7 10 17 18 22 20 no 1 00 91 1 00 0 1 ;,0 144 NEW ENGLAND FAHMEil. Nov. -M, l>-}< IK[ISGSI.£iA2nBS. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEK. WORKS OF FICTION. All fiction which is iutended to please should ap- proach lis nearly as possible to reality. THE LOVE OF FAME Contributes so much to keep alive a spirit of ac- tivity, to entertain and benefit the world, that it ouglit not to be represseil with excessive severity. When it displays itself in pride and vanity, it de- serves both ridicule and censure ; but when it seeks its gratification in liberal employments and useful productions, it ought to be encouraged by all who wish to promote the public happiness. TArlTCRNITV Is highly commended by the ancients, but is not greatly admired by the moderns. And when we consider that it is sometimes the effect of dulness and pride, it may admit of doubt whether it is al- ways worthy of praise. A word once uttered can never be recalled " and many a one," says an an- faction and sedition fostered by pretenders to I oratory. Let not the ne.'ct generation be educated according to the earnest advice of some instruct- ', ors.merely as praters. An age of pratersi What i n misfortune to those whose situation condemns them to be hearers of them ! Indeed the nation at ! large, and the cause of learning and virtue must ; suffer greatly whenever the taste for speaking su- i persedos the love of reading and reflection. True} wisdom is the child of contemplation. Orators ' amuse the vulgar, and mislead them. Orators, i when they are only orators, that is, men who, pos- j sessing a flou- of words, have acquired by habit an artificial method of lavishing them on all occa- sions, with little meaning, and without sincerity, are the bane of business, and the pest of society." From If'ulpoliana. Artful (Question — Dominico, the harlequin, going i to see Louis XIV. at supper fixed his eye on a dish i of partridges. The king who was fond of his act- ing, said, " Give that dish to Dominico." " And the partridges too, sire .'" " And the partridges cient author, « has repented ofliaving spoken, but , t°°-"— The dish was gold, scarcely one of having kept silence." But, altho' j Bon Mot. — Charles II. hearing a high character caution is requisite in what we utter, it does not | of a fanatical preacher in the country, attended follow that we should be sd-cautious as to prevent 'one of his sermons. Expressing his dissatisfaction, our speaking proper words in proper places, and ' one of the courtiers re[)lied that the jireacher was on proper occasions. To prate on subjects which j applauded to the skies by his congregation. " No v/e do not understand, evinces at once vanity and doubt," observed the king, " I suppose his non- ignoiance. A mode:it attempt, however to take a part in conversation, on subjects worthy of discus- sion, deserves praise and encouragement. If we have reasonable ground to suppose that by talkin sense suits their nonsense." Brutal Affections. — The attachment of some French ladies to their lap-dogs amounts in some we can contribute useful infoTmatirto and is, ! '"f""' '° '"'"T'r""- ' '•"" T^"' °J^ ''^''"^ our silence is something like a sin of omission. ]lTl ' ^'""% T ' ' % ' '^ . TT' I thus expressed her compusston : " Poor little dear GENIUS WITHOUT PRUDENCE. I Creature ! I hope it will not make him sick." The pleasures of genius, in its exertions are cer- Another lady kept a malicious ape, which bit tainly exquisite ; but the horrors of want, of a jail """^ °^ ^^'^ women so cruelly in the arm that her or disease, must greatly lessen if not totally des- '''® ^^'"'^ '" danger. The lady chid her ape, and troy them ; and the applause bestowed on them, r°''' '''"' ""^ ^° '^"® ^° ''"^P '" future. The'mai'^1 however flattering to the human heurt,is but a poor ^°^^ ^^^ ^^™ ' '^"'^ "^''^ marcliioness dism.issed her recompense for that aggravated distress of private | "'''^ ^ vague promise of some provision for her. life, which often involves a wife and family. ] The marquis blaming this inliiimanity, the lady Since genius must be supposed to have been be- I ^"^wered with great coolness, " What would you stowed as a gift conducive to tlie happiness of him [ ''^^® ™° ^° ^''•'* '•h^ girl ? She has lost an arm." who possesses it, let him take care to add to it dis- Clerkol Sarcasm.~ln some parish churclies it cretion economy, and that useful but humble hind was the custom to separate tlie men from the wo- of wisdom called common sense. | men. A clergyman, being interrupted by loud POLITICAL DISPUTES. talking, Stopped short, when a woman eager for If passion could listen to reason, it would surelv ' ^'''^ '"'""'"' "'^ ''''' ^®''' ^''°^'' ^"'^ ^"''' " '^''"'" '''''^^- be acknowledged by political dispuf.nts them- i''''"''^' '^'^"'''^ ^""'"= "^"—" ^° '""'^'» the better" answered the priest ; " it will be over the sooner." Knowledge of the JVorld — We never think or • JAMES HLOUJJ^iOOD & Co's Xurserii at Flushing, on Long Island, near .Vm, York. j l.N bel.air of the proprietors of the aboji nursery, tliR subscriber soiicils the ord.-isj horticulturists who may be desijdlis of. loci lug: men gardens and fields with fruit trees of the riiie' sorts and most healthy aod vigorous storks the j autumn. Bloodgood & Co. allmd personally lo the inoculnlA and cngrafLingnf all Iktir fruit trees, and purchasei may rely with confidence that the trees (hey ord i wj prove genuine. , 'I'lic subscriber, a»ent of the above nursery, will n ceive orders for any quantity of fruit and purest trees, flowf.rijVg- shrubs, AND \ PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at the lij and expenste of the Purchaser i the bills may be p to him. The reputation of this nursery is so extensively l i pre cured from this nursery for three or four year: pan some of which are now in bearing, all in a healtiiy an vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on applir:iti» to ZEB. COOK Jr.,' Rogers' Building — Congress Street.. Rust on. August, ibih 1R26. eptf. For Sale. SIX superior f^axon Rams,. imported in the Bi tavia, Capt. Russell— also, seven fine Merino Kaj and ten pair Bremen Geese ; also, three New Mu Goats, with their Kids. Apply to THO.MAS VVl UAM3. Noddle's Island. Allum, Superior allum from the Salem Laboratory in bblJ 300 lbs. net, for sale on the most favourable terms'! 'Refined Saltpetre, in kegs of 100 lbs. n;'t,— from the same Laborato^ Du PonVs Gunpowder, by the cask or small', r quantity. Shot ^- Balls, at wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices. E. COPELA.NL), Jun. fi5 Broad Street. net. 15 selves that it is a disgraceful folly to permit a d ferenco of opinion to disunite those whose opi ions can have little or no influence on the direc- i ^^^7' that knowledge of the world makes a man tion of public affairs, of which they dispute. It is '. ^^^e virtuous ; it renders him more prudent, but most ridiculous to behold two poor mortals, des- generally at the expense of his virtue. Knowlodo-e troying private happiness, under the pretence of "f f'e world implies skill in discerning characters, serving the public, or zeal for the government, ^^'t'' 'he arts of intrig.ie, low cunning, self-inter- when their insignificance as individuals renders i s^''' '^^^ other mean motives that influence what them unable to control in the smallest degree, the \ ^""^ called men of the world. xMen of genius are settled course of national transactions. It is like "^on^'^only of " simple character; their thou. . what speed, the carriage shall advance. PUBLIC SPEAKING. Dr Knox remarks that " this is a wordy age, and speaking has done much ;nore injury to tiie public than benefit. Public business is impeded, doubts and diinoultios are necessarily raised, and Mistaken Piety. — Some passengers were chat- ting nonsense to a parrot hung out at a window, when a devout old lady came up : « O wickedness!" exclaimed she : " why do you not teach him his creed." 7'ruth — In all sciences the errors precede tin truths ; and it is better they should go first thai last. Farmer's Almanacks. JUST received a supply of the Genuine Fi'.mtti Almanacks, hy Robr ri B. Thomas Esq. for sab u large or small quantities at the lowml prict 5— Also jubt «• ceived, a fri-sh supply of Stationery— Paper— iMnllJ Goods — Account Books- Srhooi Books and ever> ai- tide pertaining to the stationeiy line, which inriudjl as great ^ variety and as good an assortment a? can^ found in any ston in this City— wholesale and RetaiflT JO;i -J y. RSH, No's 96 i- 98 '^late str-et. jThe Farmer is pul.lisheri every 1 riday at $'-.£,0 per annum, if paid in advance, NEW ENGLAND FARM:E11. I'ublislied bv JoH.N B. Russkll at tlii.' corner oi' ('.niori'.ss uiul Li/Hl:ill Stri-rls, (riiti:iiu-o iVom Liiidall ytroet). — TiIuhaj '.'•. Fkssk>dj>n, Editor. VOL. V BOSTOrV, FRIDAY, DECEMCEK 1, 1826. No. 19. OillGITSAL PAPERS. USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. \c have received tlie following Prospectus of ■tain coiitomplated associations for the diffu- n of practical science, which meets our cordial probation, and we shall ever be happy to afford r cooperation to the extent of our means. We not better introduce the subject to which we uJe, tliau by the tbllowing extract of a letter Mr IloLBROOK, the gentleman with whom the n originated, to the Editor. ■ We have suspended operations at our Agri- Itural School in Derby, Con. not for tlie want of pils, for we were tilled to overflowing while we itiuued, but because our situation was not quite ; most eligible to build upon. I had a wish also spend a short time in trying an experiment, n a project which you will find in the pamphlet :ompanying this note. I am happy to have it in power to say, that the experiment has so far >veJ successful, beyoml my highest expectations. lecd I beaeve the point is settled, that the plan 1 be a'"d, and which weighs, freel ■ ;, ,,.„,, 1,1 f I entirely from its top, and from all earth adhcrini A great waste is made in the use of coal by I just the same mode of proceeding ,.„ .„ ..^,,^ ^^ , throwing away the half burnt coal found in the make a tea breakfast for a regiment of soldiers Py ^'"eful washing, full twenty-six pounds! | grate iu the morning, or dropping in tlie course of A peck of malt and four ounces of hops will pro-T"^' ' ^'°"'' """'^''°"= f'""'"'^-" "''" ^''''^ ^^"'^ * ' ' -' ''"" '«° -l""'^ "f '•le, better than any ca-i be I J'j'„"'^,?"f°J„^;^t.^^^^ purchased in London, and for which purpose a °" " " tea-kettle and two pan mugs are .sufficient appara- tus. [Meclmnicks' Magazine.] Ti, If proper care is takearin this respect, ar^ the day two and a half tons of coal is arTlmplo supply for one chimney throughout the winter. How would the account stand with wood, if all the chunks and remaining coals were thrown into tiie street. The trouble of separating the coal from the ashes, tempt servants to throw it all away together, un- less they are attended to. I be INSTINCT. The following fact goes far towards proving that instinct differs chiefly in degree from reason: — ^Some time since, a pair of sparrov.'s which had built in t!ie thatchroof of a house at Poole, were observed to continue their regular visits to the nest long after the time when the young birds throughout the year, and in the winter, a gentle man who had all along observed them, determined on investigating its cause. He therefore mounted >v ladder,and found one of the young ones detained a prisoner, by means of a piece of string or wors- ted, which formed part of the nest, having become a.-;cidentally twisted round its leg. Being thu capacitated from procuring its own sustenance, it j hojscs, are already affected had been fed by the continued exertions of its parents." [English paper.] SILK. An elderly farmer from Connecticut, told us the other day, that he had about five hundred mulber- ry trees then growing on his own farm — that he ON SOUNDS. Qolievc it to be an ostablislied ojjinion that .sound is conveyed througli the air in undulations similar to those produced by the falling of a stone into water, with this e.\ception, that in water the uiidulalions move on a plain surface, whereas in the air they move in a .spherical form. Concluding, then, that in the daytime innumerable undulations take place, the passage of one undulation must be considerably retarded by the undulations of other sounds. In the night time, when tho great- er portion of noises have ceased, sound is convey- ed to a far greater distance ; partly owing to the undulations being less^etarded by other undula- tions ; in part, because the atmosphere is colder, which is much more favourable to the transmission of sounds ; and partly, because there is a greater degree of moisture in the nir, which moisture acts as a very good conductor. Franklin states, that at a distance of two miles he heard the sonnd pro- duced by striking two stones under water. ____^ . [xMec. Mag.] AGUE' IN THE BREAST- To Married Ladies — A lady who has often ex- perienced the nssuaging effects of the following salve, and has fro(|ucntly contributed to the relief of her sufl'ering neighbors by its application, wish- es to extend the benefits of it as far, if possible, 03 the agonies of a swelled or gathered breast may be felt ; and for that purpose requests us to insert the rccijie in the Spectator. We take pleasure in giving our aid to the accomplishment of her be- nevolent purpose ; and add our testimony (from experience in [one of] our own families) to the jreat value of the composition. We have repeat- edly known it cure, and to prevent, the distressing complaint— and never knew it to fail. Scrape French chalk, or fine clay, put it on th .1 plaster for a Broken Breast — Take half a grease spot, and hold it near the fire, or put pound of mutton t.allow, four ounces of beeswax, warm iron upon it. The grease will melt and the and rosin siiflicient so as not to make it too hard ; jclay absorb it, in consequence of the great affinity melt them together ; add a gill of good spirits ; let of clay for oleagenous substances. After the It Simmer over a gentle fire until the spirits are grease is absorbed, brush off the clay : the colour evaporated. Spre.^d it on soa leather (or strong ! "ill not be in the least affected by the process. learn tliat there are better lands and more skillful gardeners than we can boast. I have not time, or I would plague you w i;h an account of a distemper which I fear will destroy all our horses. Briefly, their tongues are so dread- fully ulcerated, that the power to manage their food, is entirely lost. The appetite is good, the respiration natural, tho head free from disease, and indeed with the c::cpption of costiveness, liiori is no symptom of disease independently of the tongue. Of this member, the whole papillary suf^ take flight. This unusual circumstance continued ^'^'^'^ °" ^^^ °'^^^'^ ''^'f' ^'^~ sloughed to the (IpptJ of more than J of an inch, within three days frotj' tho beginning of the attack. If in your power di? rectly, or through your intelligent corresponlontSj to give me coui;-el in this matter, I shall be par- ticularly obliged. You can conceive of the impor. mnce of this disease, when I tell you that'our carl ria^e and riding horses, and three of the worS In haste to embrace the mail, I am verv trnlyj yours, JOHN S. SPENCE. J. S. Skinxer, Esq. Dear. Sir,- ICE HOUSES. Baltimore, .Vol'. J~, 1S2<). -Observing in your useful • J, ...>,., v...... j;,u.v.„g u.i „,s uw.i iciiu — uiiii. lu- I 1JE.\R SIR, — Observing in your useful paper fed one hundre I thousand worms, which produced j the 3d instant, an application from R. C. Shorti about fifty pounds of silk annually. The whole Esq. of Georgia, on the construction of ice ho-isi business, of feeding the worms, &c. is performed and having had some experience in that way, by his daughters. But very little labor is requir- 1 take the liberty of sending you my observatioi ed,and he thinks that in the course of a few years, on that subject after his trees come to maturity, — he shall, by ' creasing the number of his worms in proportion to the quantity of feed supplied, produce yearly about three hundred pounds of the raw material. Thus giving his girls an opportunity of adding to the common stock of domestic comfort, and of proviil- ing a livelihood for themselves. We wish him success ; and the heart of every friend to tho in- creasing prosperity of our domestic manufactures, will throb a generous response. [Masonic Mir.] To extract Grease Spots from Silks and coloured Muslins. I have found that the larger the house the betif ter on account of the quantity of ice k may coni' tain ; that the situation (if practicable,) should be in a high, dry, airy place, with a north aspect, and: in a sandy or gravelly soil, to absorb and carry offi the water and drippings from the ice. In prepaf'* ing for the construction of the house, a pit should' be dug 30 to •■i2 feet square, and 20 feet deep, s(f as to admit of a log pen of 18 to 20 feet in the/ clear, with a layer of logs placed in the bottom to'. keep the ice 18 or 20 inches from the ground ; the. log work to be raised about two feet above the'i surface of the ground, and left open for air, an^, the roof to be covered with straw of considerabletjj thickness, to resist the rays of the sun and carry*; « off the rain. The ice should bo put in, in large' thick cakes, without pounding or breaking and stowed as close as the cakes will admit of, observ- ing to place straw between the ice and sides of the pen, from bottom to top, and to cover the top I )' Vol. V No. I'.i. lie ice witli dr}'. straw to the depth of 15 or 18 which covering should he removed occa- in Iho course of tlie sumincr, and replac- wilh other dry stniw. When the ice melts ivl tlie side.s, as will be the ca.so in the .summer, straw should be stuffed in to fill up llie vucan- i and keep the air from the ice. In this way I e kept and preserved ice for many years, from casoii to anotlior ; but I do not conceive it jld be practicable to preserve ice for any length nie in low moist situations. If jwu think these ervations will be of any use, they are at your ice, and am Yours, very respectfully, P. . Skin.ner, Es(j. \ Ell. Am. Farmer. ( riie above contains what is termed multiun in vo. We apprehend it gives the best directions, the best, because the plainest terms, for the struction of ice houses, the selection of the ind the packing of the ice. We are inclin- to think that oak leaves, in lieu of straw, for ering the ice, where convenient, would be at- iled with advantage.] f^'Shavings of dry wood are better than either. ''he Modern Laocoon. — 'I'he following accident ch occurred a few weeks since, seems still thy of recital, although it was passed over by daily papers at the time. It may not be amiss, j s a writer in the Zoolos^ical Journal, to give sons who have the care of the boa constrictor , int, not to expose tlieir hands too much in hold- fowls, &.C. to the liead of a boa, when near dding its skin, and consequently nearly blind, ' jrder to induce it to take its prey. Mr Cops keeper of the Lion Office in the Tower, was a ' • weeks ago holding a fowl to the head of the rest of the five snakes there, when it was in \ t condition ; the snake darted at the bird, and sed it, but siezed the keeper by the left thumb, I was coiled round his arm and neck in a mo- nt. Mr Cops, who was alone, did not lose his sence of mind, and imaiediatcly attempted to leve himself from the powerful constrictor, by ;tiag at his head ; but it had so knotted itself >n its own head, that ?>Ir C. could not reach it, 1 had thrown himself on the floor, in order to pple with a better chance of success, wlien two er keepers coming in, they broke the teeth of serpent, and with some difficulty relieved Mr ps from the fate of Laocoon, which might oth- ise have been his also. — London pa. mprovement on the Churn. — After the numerous .ents and premiums for improved churns, i* may m difficult to find any thing worthy of attention; however have mot with the following, which,a3 s simple and useful, may possibly be an accept- e hint to some of your reiJers in the country : et the dasher of an ordinary churn with holes it, have a second dasher placed above it on the ne handle, about four inches distance ; a couple pins, will hold it in its place while in use. — This ;ond dasher having no holes, the cream passing ■ough the lower one, strikes against it, and pro- ces a great agitation, which saves much time in urning. To show the increase in the population of Illinois, is stated that the votes taken at the Congression- election, in 182-2, were 8,57.5; in 1824, they had ' :reased to 11,282 ; and at the late election, the gregate was 12,751. In Missouri there were | 790 votes ffiven in at the late election. Pcrmanenl Ink for inar'.ing Linen Take of lunar caustic (now called argeiitum nitratum,) one drachm ; weak solution, or tincture of galls, tivo dracimis. The cloth must be first welted with the following liquid, viz. salt of tartar, one ounce, wat- er, one ounce and a half, and must be perfectly dry before any attempt is made to write upon it. /•"«• Sutphurin!; Il'ool, Silks, Straw Bonnets, &fc. — Put into a chafing dish some linjited charcoal ; put this chafing dish into a small close room, with- out a chimney, or into a clo.>!et or large box ; then pound an ounce or two of brimstone, and strew it on tlie hot coals. Hang up the article you would have bleached, make your door fast, and let them hang three hours, or all night, if you have time This is what is called dry bleaching woollens ; all fine coloured woollens should bo sulphured in this way previously to their being dyed. Straw bon- nets are likewise bleached in the same manner. I Milhod of taking out the spots of Paints, or othir \so>.id substances, from Cloth, Silks, S,-c. — Supposing la small quantity of paint had dropped on a coat, a pen should be dipped in spirit of turpentine, and its contents should be dropped on the paint spot, 'in a quantity sufficient to discharge the oil and gluten tiiat is mixed with the paint. Then let it rest several hours, that it may penetrate and suck up the oil, and when it has done this, take the cloth between your hands, and rub it ; the paint spot, will then crumble away like dried earth. The turpentine will by no means injure either the cloth or colour. If, however, the spots be numerous,tlie best way is to apply the spirit of turpentine over thesilk,&c. with a sponge, as soon as possible after the oil or paint, &.C. has been spilt upon it, and before il is become dry, by these means it may in generi^ be completely washed out. [Am. Farmer.] Marriage Portion: — It was one of the laws of Lycurgus that no portions should be given with young women in marriage. When this great law- giver was called to justify this enactment, he ob- served,— "That in the choice of a wife, merit only should bo considered ; and that the law was made to prevent young women being chosen for their riches, or neglected for their poverty." Thanksgiving Offerings — On Tuesday last we counted over IGO wagons in South Market street, all laden with poultry. We enquired of tlie own- ers of the first three we came to, the quantity they had brought, and were informed it was 1,500 lbs. each ; and we think the average exceeded 800 lbs. the wagon — making a total of 128,000 lbs. ; inde- pendent of the quantity in the stalls of the Market house, which were well filled, and that at the Boylston and other markets. The quality was also excellent, and many of the best loads were from New Hampshire. — Price from 8 to 10 cents. The wagons in South Market street, four deep occupi- ed one half of that noble avenue, and our country friends appeared much pleased with the excellent accommodations alTorded them. — Centinel. Corn Stumper We are informed by a gentle- man of vqracity, that a respectable farmer in Lam- peter township, in this county, this fall taken from seven acres of land, neat measure, se!t(;7i hundred and eleven bushels of gom-d-seoi corn. This rath- er outdoes any corn crop we have yet heard of. [Marietta Pioneer.] iiZ 'J'lie National Journal speaking of Washington's attachment to agricultural jiursuits, says " he had more than a personal inducement in such an at- tachment.' Looking round hiiu with the eye of a lirofound statesman, he could not be insensible of tlie important influence of this v.iluable science in the establishment of his country's \\caUhand rep'- ntation. I.'e looked upon it as the broad founda- tion from which would thereafter arise an edifice which would stand conspicuous among tlio politic- al institutions of all times and countries. These were considerations well calculated to increase his jiersonal predilections for agriculture ; and it was the union and co-operation of his private and public feelings, which led him to correspond with some of the most distinguished agriculturists of Europe, the benefits of which intercourse still re- main to those who have come after him." At the Cattle SIiow at Carlisle, Pa. the most cu- rious part of the exhibition was the equipage of Mr Oysler,vvho appeared in a neat carriage drawn by two fine Elks, male and female, and a horse.-^ Tlie noble Suasex Bull presented by Col. John IT. Powel to the .\gricultural Society of Carlisle, was present. The Springjield Repnblicun, gives a description of a steam Carriage, invented by a Mr Blanchard, and lately exhibited in that town. " It is observed, that the same power which gives l\ie speed, may be so applied, as to overcome any reasonable degree of ascent. The carriage weighs one-half ton, has a boiler which holds three gallons ; and carried 1500 lb. additional weight, up a moderate ascent. A great disappointment took place at Niagara, Canada, on the 38 ult. in consequence of the Gov- ernor's suspending the e.vecution of three men, which was to have taken place on that day. The ^ loads of gingerbread brought upon the ground from the country sold at a great sacrifice. Pumpkins. — The editor of the New-York Spec- tator, in noticing a huge pumpkin vino which has grown this year in Saybrook, Conn, seems to think it a mere bagatelle to another pumpkin vine in that state, which grew^ across the Connecticut river in- to the town of Lyme ; and Mr Stone says it is a pity that it had not been there when the British made their expedition to Pettipaug ! A Seditious Laugh. — At Saragossa, latelv, an individual of a cheerful cast of mind, endowed by nature with a face which appeared always to be enlivened with a smile, was arrested in the public streets by an agent of authority, upon the follow- ing charge: — " Villain, you laugh — you laugh at our misfortunes, the misfortunes of Spain you laugh to see infamy successful in Portugal; come along with me. Sirrah, I'll relieve you of all incli- nation to laugh !" The Richmond Enquirer says, it is whispered that Mr Poinsett, our Minister to Mexico, is ifi- structed to negotiate for the acquisition of Te.xas, or a part of it, from Mexico, and that it is further intimated that a member of the Cabinet has writ- ten to a gentleman in Tennessee that Mr P. had succeeded. We have just now examined a model for a chain bridge, made by a gentleman in this vicinity, which we should thing to be decidedly preferable to any of the kind, of which we have any knowledge. [Merrimack Journal. 1 i48 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Deo. 1, IfJii. WORCESTER ACniCULTUiOIL SOCIETY. KEPORT ON WORKING OXr.N. CIS any pair upon the ground ; and for wliicli you"^ I ON ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE. Committee award to tlieir public spirited owner, Tliat logic, ethics, physic, and nietaphysi< the thanks of the Society. In awarding the first should claim the dignity ot libera.1 arts or scienc« excites no surprise ; but that the art of manag-iiij The Comrnittee on Working Oxen, l,aving at- i„„,^ Comn>iltee hesitated for some time, tended to the duties of their appointment, report : ; ^^ ^uhoucrh the cattle of Silas Dudley, that vet- Tliat the trial and show of Working Oxen upon : ^^^„ -^^ the° training of Oxen, backed more readi- this, as on every former festival, have tended to :, ,,j ^^,^.^ somewhat better trained than Mr strengthen and confirm the high op.niou,entertain- . M^^ble's ; yet it was thought, that, viewed with ed by the fanners of AVorcester County, of the , ^ ^^ y^^^ ^f ,„,t,^^ strength, form, and value of the 0.x It has been and long may it con- ^. ^^^ Marble's ioke were superior. Your Com- tinue to be,the boast of tn.s County to have exhib- | ^.^^^^ ,^^^.^ there.bre awarded ited teams of Oxen, as well trained, and as judi- i^g j. , x. Marble, of Sutton, for his yoke 4 ciously selected and matched, as any section that , ^^^^ ^, , j,^^ ^^^^ p.emium of our country can produce. Our annual Shows have | ^^^ yj,^^ 'j^'^^^^^.^ ^f Northbridge, for his yoke $15 ay with the praises, and too often ; Hathavvay, of Graf.on, and the two yokes of Mo of his owner; while the toilsome ; ^^^ Adarns, of Sutton, w had no small influence in producing this effect ; before they were instituted, there was no occasion, when the training and strength of the Ox were publicly exhibited, to incite competition and com- pari30ii,and to suggest or exemplify improvements in the selection and education of this laborious an- imal for the yoke. The Morse has ever been a favourite, displayed and curvetted on ail occasions of show and narade; ^- ■ J , •.,.,• .. noticin and has run away with the purse and unassuming Ox has been suffered to plod on the rugged tenor of his way, neglected and un- honored. The Ox is a modest beast, without van- ity or ambition ; but, at length, he has slowly and patiently worked his way into favor and esteem ; and we trust, the day is far distant, when he shall cease to be highly appreciated by our farmers. — The rough soil of New England could never have been subdued, nor successfully cultivated, but for the patient endurance,thc sturdy frame, and docile disposition of this useful animal, wlio, while he . • lightens the labors of tlie husbandman, is che.iply U;te»k<^pt, and handily managed. Indeed, foiv animals ^ombine, in an equal degree, strength with docili- While it is hopeless to expect ever to supplant the Ox in the peculiar field of his labors, by the of 4 years old, the second premium of To Tyler Putnam, of Sutton, for liis yoke of 4 years old, the third premium of 10 To Rejoice Newton, of Worcester, for his yoke of (i years old, the fourth premium of 5 Your Committee regret that it was not in their power to award a premium to Stpplicn Marsh, jr. of Sutton, and cannot close their report without the stout and valuable cattle of Salmon !■ hich, if they had been trained with a little more care, especially in back- ing, would have severely contested the right of their more fortunate competitors to the premiums. Mr John Temple, of West Boylston, exhibited a fine team of nine yokes of stout and well matched Oxen, all owned and worked hy him on his farm — probably the largest team of Working Oxen that is owned by any single individual in the County. Your Committee cannot too much commend the spirit of the farmers of a neighboring town, as ex- hibited on this occasion in the great Sutton Team, consisting of sixty-nine yokes of stout and liand- somo cattle, all disciplined and educated in that best«chool for the Ox, the town of Sutton. Tliis long and stately procession of the sturdy conquer- ors of many a well ploughed field, made a truly triumphal entry upon this festival of the farmer. substitution of any other animal, or to supersode.tol^,^;/^^;^^^^ skiU, which were required to rear. any great extent, the necessity of his assistance by any labor-saving machinery, too much encour- agement cannot be bestowed on the exercise of care and skill, or the selectiou,matching, and train- ing of our native breed of Oxen ; for it cannot now be doubted, that to this breed, we must continue elect, and train so m: ny valuable Working Oxen in one town, cannot fail to receive other and greater rewards than the piemiums which have been so frequently and deservedly awarded to Sutton Oxen. To the great Sutton Team your Committee to resort for tho supply and improvement of the: j ., • r *.i- » i i .u k.- ■ . , , . y • ,. , , , T , , award the premium of sUi, voted by the hociety muscle and sinew ot agricultural labor. Indeed, ' r , r . c wr , ■ n, c . i ^, , ,, u '7- ■ . , 1 , ,'ifor tho best team of \\ orkiag Oxen of not less the valuable results, which have already attended u, • , , »- » i in ,,.,.. ,„ . , . , ,. •'J: . Ithan sixty votes, trom one town, and one dollar the ludicious ellorts, made in sehdms Oxen tor ■, i \ \ ^ • per mile tor travel. the yoke, exhibit in a clear light, how much may bo accomplished for the improvement of our native stock, generally, by suitable attention to this im- portant duty. The Working Oxen subjected to the examina- tion of your Committee, h By order of the Comniitt-te, Wm. S. HASTINGS. It is stated in the Newport Republican,tliiat Be.n- JAMIN Hazard Esq. " has been elected t-htrty-six not been surpassed, ^ times in succession, a Representative from New- exceptm number, by those exhibited at any form- I port, without one opposing vote,"— a good cvi- er Show. Their strength and docility were so- , dcoo that his talents and services are justly ap- preciated by his fellow townsmen. verely tested ; and nearly every yoke drew, and were driven and backed, readily and with great ease. Your Committee were required, by the rules of the Society, to regard the strength equali- ty of match, and docility of the cattle, as well as their size and appearance, and they found no lit- tle ditficulty in determining to whom the premi- ums of right belonged. The whole number,exam- Seven brigs, averaging 209 tons burthen, all ined by your Committee, was eleven yokes. Of copper-fastened, and of tlie best materials, have these, was a yoke offered for exhibition, only, by been built and launched at the ship yards in Ken- the President of the Society, which if not as stout, nebunk, the present season. Three brigs, a schoo- werc as docile, and as vv'cU trained and governed, , ner, and a sloop have been built at Wells. Sir John Sinclair calculates the produce of the soil and agriculture of Great Britain at £21.5,000,- 000, and, including Ireland and the colonies, at X317,000,000. ItaK a house and tamily should be placed on a lev( with them, appears rather wonderful. Yet it certain that economics \«ere taught as a schola tic science by the ancient philosophers ; and thri f still remains a very curious book, in which Xen phou has recorded the doctrines of Socrates the subject of «conomy. At the first sight one apt to imagine that philosophy liad departed fri her province when she enters on domestic ma agement ; and that it would be ridiculous to se: a house-keeper or a husbandman to Socrates f the improvement of good house-wifery or agric ture ; yet it must be confessed, tiiat there is in t work of Xenophon nothing of -impertinence, bu) great deal of good sense most elegantly exprei ed. Notwithstanding the air of superiority which assumed by logic, physics, and metaphysics, yi considering the influence on human happiness, tj greatest value should be placed on economics ; i the others, as they are treated in the schools, a little more than speculations, and have but a vi limited influence either on the regulation or enjoyment oi life. But the true palfrfaniilias, or master of a fa: ly, is one of the most respectable characters in ciety and the science which directs his condui or reforms his misiakes, is entitled to peculiar teem. Such is that of economics : and though* be true that the wisdom obtained by experience the least fallible, yet it often costs so dearly, tli the intrinsic value scarcely compensates the pri( Whatever science is able to anticipate it, certai! ly deserves attention ; and there is nothing which human industry and happiness are great! conversant, v/hich may not be improved by thoi who consider it with the dispassionate attention sound philosophy Much of the misery which prevails at present the world, is justly imputed to the want of ecoi my. But the word, economy, is usually misund- stood. It is confined in its meaning to parsimo though it undoubtedly comprehends every tbii which relates to the conduct of a family. Frugi ity is indeed a very considerable part of it ; h not the whole. It is the judicious government a little community inhabiting one house, and usi ally allied by all the soft bands of alBnity and coi sanguinity. The person who executes sucii a goVf ernment should be eminently furnished witli prtii dence.and benevolence. i The rage for fashionable levities which has pefj va,ded even the lower ranks, is singularly adven to the knowledge and the virtues which doraestai life demands. Dress occupies the greater part both of the time and attention of many ; and th« consequence is too often ruin in polite life, banki ruptcy in the commercial, and misery and disgrr.ci in all. It might be attended with great advantage the community, and to the happiness of particulj^J persons, if some part of the time and attention he* stowed on the ornamental parts of education, werf transferred to those arts which teacii tlie prudeflt management of domestic concerns. The conduct of children in the age of infancy requires consid- erable skill, as well as tenderness; and how siioul* she know how to enter upon it whose whole time has been spent in learning the polite accomplish'^ Vol. V .No. 1! NEW EN(;LAi\D FAUMLJt. 149 Its, winch, tlioiigh they ndd niiich to gniceful- .s, make no pretentions to utility .' She must be ded by servants, nurses and medical practJtion- ; but surely it would be safer und pleasanter os.-:ess such a skill as should prevent her from c: entirely at the mercy of ignorance, vanity, iousnoss, and pre-un)])lion. is to music, which la. lies spend so much time learning, It is well known that they seldom ctice it when thoy have entered into the roar- ' 1 state. Many other feminine accon-plishnients re are. which cease to attract attention when t'ioir posscs.-ior-i are engaged in the c.ire of miilv. It is therefore probable, that the time limed in the acquisition of things which are fessedly of no use to them, might be employed acquiring such knowledge as would enable n to contribute greatly to the happiness of the 1 to whom they should give th'fir hands and and of the children which might be the iges of their conjugal love. I by no means, re- them to Xenop: on or Socrates ibr instruction domestic mana cement. Their o\\ n parents uld communicate the result ot their experience observation on the subject. .Above rII, they uld inspire tlicm with a love of lionie. and the isures and virtues of an affectionate family as- ation. oniplaints have been made that, in the present , marriage is not .sufficiently prevalent, or, at :t, that good husbands are not numerous. Tlie 1 who appear to bo insensible to feuialc cliarms, ge in excuse for thoir not soliciting some lady aarviage, that such are the expensive manners, is, and amusements of the fashionable parts of [ sex, so little their skill iu conducting a family, such their ignorance of economy, that to be Tied is often to be runied even in the midst of lence. i he viciousness of many among the se.x enables ; OHS men to gratify their desires at a small ex- ' se. All the meaner part of mankind, of which , naps consists the greater number, arc unwil- i ■ to incur the danger of dissipating their for- 's in supporting a woman who can contribute ling to the a Icvintion of tlieir cares by domes- prudence and discreet economy. i 1 every view it appears most clearly;^that noth- would contribute more to the happiness of fe- es, and indeed of men and families iti general, n a cultivation of that unostentatious knowl- e wiiich is in hourly request, and witliout .ch there can be little permanent security in most exalted rank and most abundant afflu- e. Socrates judged wisely, therefore, in rank economics among the most useful and honora of the arts and sciences. — Dr Knox. I away with the ushes while on fire ; but this is a I mistake. The coals, if they were on tiro, when buried in ashes and excluded from atmospheric air, would soon be extinguished, or if they were not. they could not kindle a fire when the air was excluded. The spontaneous combustion of ashes proceeds from a very diflerent principle. Hard wood ashes when first made, and while they are kept dry contain a metal called potassium, which is the basis of potash. This metal is very combustible, and has so strong an affinity or at- traction for oxygon, the supporter and causes of combustion, that it takes the oxygen from water the moment it touches it, and burns with a vivid flame, and the product of this combustion is potash, that is, potash is potassium saturated with oxygen, or what may be called the o.vyde of potassium. — It should be noticed too, that water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen, and that when the po- tassium comes in contact with water, it takes the oxygen from it, and the hydrogen being set free, increases the combustion. The simple explana- tion then is this ; dry ashes when first burnt, con- tain in them a metallic substance which is highly iiiflimmable, and which is set on fire by moisture. Qrick lime and water produce heat sufficient, iu some instunces, to set wood on fire, but ashes and water pro luce a much more intense heat. In ad- ding water to lime, much heat is evolved, but no real combustion is produced ; but in adding water to ashes there is a real combustion oi" the metal contained in the ashes ; the metal being a com- bustible substance, requiring nothing but the oxy- gen of the water to set it on fire. FIRE FROM ASHES. he following explanation of the cause of so ma- accidents resulting from ashes being placed in oden vessels, is by Professor Smith,of Nevv-Ha- , Conn, and contains information which should generally diffused. 'erhaps there are few people who are acquaint- with the fact, that ashes made by burning hard o6. such as oak, maple, ttc. in a fire]jlace, and en up dry, are capable of producing spontane- combustion, simply by receiving a degree of isture,or by coming in contact with a wet board stave, or being exposed to a very damp atmos- ;re. It is generally believed when fire is kin- d by ashes, that it is caused by coal being put TAUNTON Is a very pleasant village, containing about 5000 inhabitants, at the distance of Si miles from Bos- ton. The factories are situated on Taunton Little River, so called, being the western branch of that river ; which is navigable for sloops and lighters to the southern part of the village. The iron factories have been in operation seve- ral years, and nails in large quinti'ios have long been made there, and thence transported to vari- ous parts of the country. The very exteiisive and valuable cotton factories are of more recent date. The iron annually wrought into nails, hoops, plates and machinery is estimated at 1500 tons more ; 1200 tons are made into nails, and 300 tons into plates, hoops and various articles of machine- ; ry. Of calico prints, from l.WO to 2000 pieces are prepared weekly. And they arc considered equal in style and workmanship, to the I'c.it imported ' goods of the same description. About 800.000 1 yards of No. 30 cloth also, and .50,0(X) lbs. of yarn are manufactured annually. They have in opera- tion 7000 spindles and 200 looms, and employ i about 700 persons. The present capital of the company is $600,000; 1 ,*500,000 has been actually vested in the factories, ' stock, &c. About 800 bales of cotton are used annually. The mills are built upon five different dams, at equal distances from one another. At the first, the cottasjes and houses, for the accommodation of the labourers, are of wood. At the next, distant about one mile, the cotton mills are of stone, JOG by 45, each ; with a large stone rolling and slit- ting mill, the approach to which is through a street of neat brick cottages belonging to the es- tablishment. At the next privile^ is a new brick mill of the same dimensions aa the stone mill be- fore mentioned. A machine shop, furnace, black smithy, and a rolling and slitting mill, and a num- ber of brick cottages for the work people. The establishment for bleaching and jirinting cottons is situated still lower on the river. To this estab-' lishmont there arc attached several buildings all of brick. A block of brick dwelling houses i.s now building fur the people here employed. One other brick mill is nearly finished at the same dam. — Boston Gazette. IIAllU TIMES. ' Such is, and such always has been, the cry of our fiirmors ; and the present times, as must be confessed, are hanl, if we compare them exclusive- ; ly V, ith much better times, so far as relates to the prices of agricultural produce. But before we feel justified in complaining of hard times and gen- oral distress, ought we not to look to worse times as well as better ? and to other countries as well as our own ? It is true that wheat will not fetch §2 per bushel, neither will tobacco bring $100 per hogshead. But does the happiness and the com- fort of life depend', indispensably on those prices ? Has not the farmer an abundance, and more than he can devour of meat and bread ? Does he not manage scandalously whose garden does not fur- nish him with plenty of good vegetables ? and whose dairy does not yield milk and butter to con- sume and to spare .' Cannot every farmer raise wool and cotton and flax to clothe his family and ; his people ? He who has not enough of all these, owes the deficiency to his own want of industry and plain obvious management ; and with an abundance of meat, bread, vegetables, milk, and clothing, beer, and cider, is it not under Providence, ungrateful to be for ever repining and moping, and complain- ing about hard times ! hard times ! Where is the nation, we speak of the mass of the people, on the habitable globe, that would not, if they could, change " times" and conditions with us, and felici- tate tiicmselves and sing hallelujahs to that kind Providence which had supplied the means of grati- fying every want that is essential to wholesome and comfortable living .' The bane of our happi- ness consists in confounding luxuries with neces- saries ; and in keeping our imaginations for ever fixed on those who have, per fas nut per ne/iis, ac- cumulated the means of pampering their morbid and vicious appetites with every dainty, and their vanity with all kinds of empty shows, rather than on the millions in other countries who are literally naked, and perishing for want of bread I If^ve would look oftener at these, we Ameri- cans would cease to outrage Providence with the false cry of — hard times ! To a benevolent mind it must be painful to draw contentment from the contemplation of the wretchedness of any portion of our fellow creatures; but reason teaches us that such contemplation does not aggravate their calamities, whilst it instructs us that ours have no reality. To form a better estimate of our own condition here in America, let us turn our regards to the people of Great Britain — that nation which is said to be the most industrious, skilful and en- terprising, and to be governed by the wisest poli- cy ever pursued by public councils. — ./Im. Farmer. INSTINCT OF PLANTS. Dr Hancock says, if a vessel of water is placed within six inches of a cucumber vine, that in 24 hours time, the vine will alter the direction of its 150 NEW ENGLAND FAllMEll. 1, IccV J -J branches and not stop till it comes in contact with I the economy of labor, iis well as food,to have them er of mine obtained in the state of Tennessee — h the water. And if a pole is placed at a considera- 1 conveniently situated and built. Tlioujfh swine , had been subjected to the following treatment :- ble distance from an unsupported vine, the branch- 1 are generally, perhaps from a too partial view of | the duct which passes from the eye to the nog ^| OS of which are proceedinT in a contrary direction 1 their habits, considered as filthy animals, there are | was laid bare, or an incision made in the eula rge from that towards the pole, the vine will in a short 1 no animals which delight more in a clean and i part of the nose, and the wound burned with a h( !j| time alter itscour.se, and not stop till it clings round comfortable place to lie down in, and none that j iron. This atforded a temporary relief. But th the pole. But the same vine w'ill carefully avoid cleanliness has a better effect upon with respect i horse about two years afterwards became diseaj attaching itself to low vegetables, nearer to it, as to their thriving and feedmg. In order to keep j ed, dwindled away, and lost measurably, the ui the cabbage, &c. Ur Darwin gives several in- them dry, a sufficient slope must be given, not on- i of parts. 1 had him throw n and tied, then run i stances of the instinct of plants. I ly to the inside places where they are to lie, but i hot iron through his head, inserting it into tj ^— — ^-»»— . I I ■ I to the outside areas. with proper drains to carry ofi' lump on one side, and carrying it through tl Nf^'W T<'l\("'r AND F'ARiVlF'l? moisture. The outsides sliould also be a little I lump upon the other. The horse in a short titn ^ ' 1 elevated, and have steps up from the areas of at] was well, and never after had any symptom of tl BOSTON, FRIDAY.. DEC. 1, li2G. j least five ov si.x inches in height. Iloi^-styes should disease. I have treated others in the same wa — ^ . — — likewise have several divisions, to keep the difl'er- 1 with equal success. I am no farrier, neither ha FATTENING SWINE. ent sorts of swine separate; nor sliould a great I been able by carefully examining the head The corn given to your swine should be soaked, many ever be allowed to go together ; for it is ' skull of several horses, to ascertain the cause boiled, or ground into meal. It is an advantage to found that they feed better in small numbers, and j the disease. I know that it is a morbid enlargi let the food for swine ferment a little, but not be- of equal she, than when many of equal sizes are ' ment of the bone or the cavity, between tlie f come very sour, before they are fed with it. — | put together. Proper divisions must, therefore, be ■ plates of the bone of the head. It differs very Dough made of meal and water mi.xed with boiled '■ made; some for swine when with the boar; others ^ much from the glanders. I think it certainly i> potatoes, is excellent for swme. Their lodgings for brood swine, and for them to farrow in ; for ! not contagious. I have never heard of a mule (o should be dry, warm, and kept clean. To prevent ' weaning the pigs, for fattening, &c. When con- have it." measles and other disorders, and increase their , venient, the areas should be pretty large. And j The remedy seems to be a harsh one, and wjj appetites, a little brimstone now and then, given \ where it can be had, it is of great use to have wa- should be much gratified if a better, or a mildef in their dough, is useful. Change of food is ad- j tcr conveyed to them, as it serves many useful { can be communicated. i visable in every stage of their existence. They ] purposes." should receive their meals with regularity. They should always have as much food as they will eat j DISEASE IN SHEEP AND HORSES, up clean: but never more than that quantity. If! [E.xtract of a letter to the Editor of the New the issues in their fore-legs should be stopped, . England Farmer, dated " Lfi'/unti nf«r Saunrfcrs- they should be rubbed open with a cob. " Rubbing j vitle, Vanderburgh Countij, Indiana, .Yov. 4, 1826."] and currying tlieir hides very frequently is of ad- 1 » The number of sheep has been increasing and The disorder wliich causes " a loss of flesh ov^ the shoniders and withers" of horses is new to ug, A more particular description of the complaint and its remedy would oblige us, and might prove «f use to some of our readers IMPROVEMENT IN BAGGING WEAVINj Benjamin Haden, of the Parish of Sedley, Cou followin take fijt vantage to keep off perspiration. It is grateful to ; still continues rapidly to increase in this and the the animals, as well as conducive to their health. | neighboring counties, but they are all troubled Every stye should have a rubbing post." | with a disease which occasions a profuse discharge ^ " Having occasion," says Marshall, a celebrated ; at the nose. I am not aware that the conseque'ii- I packing nails, and other purposes. The English writer, " to shift two hogs out of a stye ^ ces are fatal, but we are ignorant of its real cause> '^ ^^e substance of his Specification. " I without one, into another with a post, accidentally and the remedy. ° 1 »ny warp, hurds, or tow, prepared in the usual wag put up to support the roof, he had a full opportuni- ! a There is also a complaint among horses of the ' such as are at present used in making nail baf ty of observing its use. The animals, when they Big Head, and a disorder in the shoulders, which ging, but for my weft or woofs I take old ropa went in, were dirty, with broken ragged coats, and causes a lameness. The Big Head is a swellinir ""■ j""!^') °^ ""y dimensions ; ^nd after untwistid with dull, heavy countenances. In a few days above the nostrils, and below tlie eyes, which if "^ dividing the threads or filaments thereof,! they cleared away their coats, cleaned their skins, not stopped is often fatal. The disorder is a loss wind the same into bobbins or quills, and thi and became sleeky haired ; the enjoyments of the of flesli over the shoulders and withers. There '''en become fit for the shuttle, and I weave the* post were discernible even in their looks, in their are remedies for both the last cases, but the cause along with th" commcn warp in the common way/ liveliness, and apparent contentment. It is not of either I have not been able to trace. If there I to 75 ; Portuguese 35 ; Sa.xony, common 4(1 to 70 ; do extra fine \; American full blooded, washed 37^ to 40 ; isbed 13 to 20 ; do. common, vvashed 10 to 20 ; washed r2:\. le Editor of the Baltimore Patriot. R, — As the season for wet feet and their at- nt consequences is approaching, you are de- to publish the following recipe for rendering ! and shoes water proof, for the public good: — ike Gum Elastic, commonly called Indian ler, cut into fine shreds, and put about one e of it into half a pint of Seneka Oil, or Pet- m. — Let the mixture stand about a week, at nd of which time the gum will be dissolved, I thick elastic varnish formed, which may be ed to the boots or shoes with a brush, and be absorbed by the leather — the varnish to be ed once a day till the leather is saturated, 1 the shoes will be perfectly water proof, and sred soft and easy to the feet. If, in the pre- ion of leather,this varnisU v/as used instead of non tanners' oil, the object would be more ctly attained. Seneka oil is produced in our try iri' great abundance, and costs little, if any than tanners' oil, and the gum elastic is very I made the discovery, that gum elastic be dissolved in Seneka oil, about a year since, low publish it pro bono publico. GIDEON B. SMITH. .■\ Southern print, after uientioning the late duel, with muskets and buck shot, at ;iO paces, be- tween Col. Gib.son and Mr Ross, in Mississippi, adds, " we are happy to learn, that both wi;re wounded, and hope thnt the peppering they receiv- ed will do them good." The associated Mouse Tarpcnters of Boston have opened a school for the instruction of appren- tices of members of the Association, over the age of 18, in architecture and practical carpentry. The vintage commenced on the 26 Sept. in the environs of the Elbe, in consequence of the frost having injured the vines in several places. The Duke of York is said in the last London pa- pers, to be seriously indisposed ; in the case of his death, the succession of the crown goes from the present king to a daughter of the late Duke of Kent. A considerable failure in the crops of grain is e.xpected in Holland, and in Russia. The number of sick in the single state of Grot- inzen, (Holland) is said to be 10,000. The subject of the Corn Laws is more and more agitated in England, as tiie session of Parliament approaches. (U^T/ie siibscripiioji price will be allowed at this ojicefor the ist, 2rf, or 3d volumes of the .Xew England Farmer, in pai/ment for the paper, — if returned scon, in good order. ?■ .TAMES BLOODGOOD & Co's .Vi'rser;/ at Flushing, on Long Island, near JVew York. IN" behalf of the proprietors of the above nursery, the siibseriber solicits the orders of horlirulturisls who may he desirous of 'tock- uig lUi ir gardens and fielcfs with fruit frees of the finest sorts and most healthy and vigorous storks the present autumn. BLooDGonD& Co. alhnil personally to the inoculating and eugraflmg of all iheir fruit trees, and purchasers may rely with confidence that the trees they order will prove o^enuiiie. The sntiscriher, agent of the above nursery, will re- ceive orders for anv quantify of FRUIT AM) FOREST TRF.F.S, FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. And the tree? will be delivered in this city nt the r\A< and expense of the Purchaser ; the bills may be paid to him. Fhe reputation of this nursrry is so extensively known and has been so well sustained that 1 take leave to n-- fcr those in want of trees to any of the Ilo ticulturists in tl.is city and its vicinity, and ifocnlar demonstration i= desired, I invite those who wi'h to he thus satisfied, to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchester pro- cured from this nursery tor three or four years past, some of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy and visrorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on application to ZEB. COOK Jr. Rogers' Building — Congress Street. Boston. August, 25lh. 182C. eptf. Bremen Geese and .Merino Sheep. JOHN PERRY has for sale 2 pair of those celebrated sreese. Ten Full blood Merino Rams and 30 full blood Ewes. The Ewes have been with two Saxony Bucks. il'ply at No. 2 Rowes Wharf. Oct. 26. Medicine, Paints, and Dye Stuffs. GREGG & HOLLIS, No. 30 Union Street, have just received a large and extensive assortment of Medicine, Paints, and Dye : low prices, amon 2 Cases Turkey Oiiiiuu 2 Bids Camphor .5 Bales fresh Senna U) Casks White Lead 2 Tons do. do. ground in Oil 10 Casks French Yellow 200:1 lbs. nutgalls 10 Bhls Alum 10 " Blue Vitriol ALSO 5 BblsRefinM Borax 10 Carboys Oil of Vitriol lObbls. Juniper Berries. ffs, which they offer Ibr sale at very the following : Also of Ih first quality, 2500 lbs French Omen 4 Bbls Japan 8000 Ib3.«al Aeratus 500 Ihs Super. Carb. Soda ' Cage* Aloes ■t " Smyrna Saffron 1 " CardamoN Seed, -0 Bbls Linseed Oil 2i " SpiritsTurpentine 2 " Copal Varnish .') Tons Logwood 3 " Redwood 25 Bl>ls Camwood 10 Cases Crude Borax 25 Bbls Rosin 20 " ground Nicar- . 1st quality manufacture and warranted of the 1200 Bottles Superior Lemon Syrup .50 Groce Soda and Ror chelle Powders. Ink Powder and Liquid Ink of a very superior qual cly for sale in large and small qna'dities ou very fa- ioiirablc terms, the money will be cheerfully refunded, if it does not give the purchaser, after a trial, perfect satisfaction. Schools and Academies supplied at a lower rale than can he had in this country. N. B. Country Merchants, Physicians, and others are respectfully invited to call, as they will find it to aheir advantage to purchase at this establishment. PRICES OI' COUNTRY PRODUCL'. FP.OJJ TO D. APPLES, be5,f. bb! 1 50 2 00 ASHES, pot, 1st soit, - - - Ion. 85 00 S7 00 pearl do. - - - - 105 00 110 GO BEANS, white, bush 1 25 1 50 BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - bbl. 9 25 9 50 cargo. No 1, new, - - 6 25 6 5f( " No 2, new, - - 5 0( 5 50 BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new. lb. 11 It; CHEESE, new milk, - - - - 7 t be but a meteor's beam. Upon the vast waves of eternity — Then wherefore do we live, or wherefore die ? Wo — wo for man, if the rapacious tomb F.nwnip his spirit in eternal gloom ! If drear, unconscious nothingness await The soul, beyond that dim and silent ijate, When the worm banquels on the faded form, Which no returning: spark sh:ill ever warm ; Then curs'd be Hope for her beguiling strain ! Curs'd be her fancies and her visions vain ! Curs'd be the Tree of Life, whose worthless blossom Drops, ne'er to spring again on earth's cold bosom! City ladies boast of being more delicate, than country maidens. The one breaths an air polluted with many thousands' breaths ; the other inhales the breeze freshened over the new-mown hay. The one drinks water drawn from the sewer-ming- ling pump, or through impure pipes from the open horsepond ; the other pours it from the moss-cov- ered bucket, or dips it from the pure spring. — The one walks over the hard pavements, along J-he duity piles of bricks ; the other trips over the soft grass, along the grateful rows of trees. — The one is pale and sickly, from watching at the evening concert ; the other is ruddy and healtliy, from rising with the morning birds. The one is the lily of the groen-house ; the other is the rose beside the stonewall. In the city, is seen, and admired, the ingenious handy work of man ; in the country, are traced, and hallowed, the stately Bteppings of the Almighty. [Galaxy.] Miseries at Chxirch — At the close of each prayer a feu de joie, by the whole congregation, in slam- ming the hinged seats. (A horrid fashion.) The yelping of three or four little white dogs,(of which the town is over stocked) in endeavourin"' to eject them from the sanctuary. The coughing of twenty seven children, all ser- vice time, from the heavy guttural to the triple oc- tave, affording a substitute for " David Gamut's tooting weapon." — Why don't parents keep their children at home, when they have a propensity to bark? Being annoyed by some somno in the next pew, whose sonorous intonations are heard in all parts of the liouse, and eventually, by a slip of the foot, and a grunt extra, the sleeper finds himself on the floor. Sitting near an aged person, who, though he sings with all his might, cannot keep up vvith the singing choir but is shaking on the la?t note as they commence again. As the minister is about to ask a blessing ; an- other grand and tinal feu de joie.by the whole con- gregation— seats falling — doors slammed open — and a general scuffle. Before the close of the ben- ediction, the aisles are full of children, — Why don't the heads of families set a better example, and " give the minister a fair chance to run too .^" [Old Colony Memorial.] Longevity of Jlnimals. — Having heard the .point disputed a day or two since, Mr Editor, as to what animal attained the grei'test age,l liave been induc- ed to examine some works upon the subject, and as far as my researches have extended,! can discover none of the brute creation w liose days number so many as the " half leasoning elepliant." The fol- lowing I believe to be the greatest number of years to which any of them ever attain. The Cricket, 10 years. Spider, sometimes, but seldom more than 1 year. Scorpion, 1. River cray-fish, 20. Crab, 100 to 150. Crocodile, 100. Tortoise, 100. Hen, 10. Peacock, 24. Lark, 18. Sparrow- hawk, 40. Goose-, 50. Swan and Eagle, 100.— Parrot, 110. Rabbit, 9. Goat, 10. Sheep, 10.— Hog, 20. Dog, 2.3 to 28. Cat, 18. Squirrel, 7. Wolf and Bear, 20. Pox, 15. Lion, tiO. Cow, 20. Bull, m. Ox, 19. Deer, 20. Horse, 25 to 30. Ass, 25 to 30. Camel, 50 to CO. Elephant, 1.50 to 200. [N. Y. Enq.] The twine Pedlar. — " Do you want to buy twine?" inquired a respectable looking female, apparently advanced in years, on the morning of one of our warmest " dog days." " Take a seat, " said the merchant ; "you appear to be somewhat fatigued." " Why, I am not very tired," said the pedlar — "we poor women don't mind a trip into the city of half a dozen miles, of a morning ; we are used to it. " Whilst negotiating the important affair of the pur- chase of a pound or two of lier twine, the mer- cliant indulged his Yankee propensities, by asking the good woman a number of civil questions ; all of which u ere promptly answered on her part, by asking as many more. " Pray, Madam," said the purchaser, " excuse .me if I inquire your age." " Why sir," replied the woman, " how old do you guess I am.'" " Per^.aps sixty-five," answered the merchant. " sixty-five ! indeed ; why, Sir, you are not good at guessing. If I live to see the last day of next month I shall bo eighty. 1 have al- ways worked hard, and have brought up a large family of children ; and now you think me only si.vty-fve!" and dropping a courtesy,bade the mer- chant, " good morning." Well, here is a matron of eighty, who has toiled in the domestic duties at least " three score years and ten," in good spirits, apparently enjoying good health, and walks with ease twelve miles a day, with a package of twine, which would be a heavy burden for one of our genteel ladies to carry a rod. Here is a spectacle for the moralist and the philo- sopher. Here is one of the mothers who encourag- ed the patriots of another age to resist oppression, and to fight for freedom. Here is a mother who has added more to the stock of natural wealth, than a score of flirting, dancing, tittering modern ladies. The force of her example has inspired the virtuous with courage and confidence, and has served to check the rapid progress of pride and ostentation — of idleness and dissipation, more than a whole congregation of those of her sex, whose highest encomium is that they were Corn To eat up the corn. Here is one who enjoys more satisfaction, more rational happiness in one hour, at the extreme age oftis^hty, — that happiness — thai s.-tisfaction which springs from a consciousness of a life spent in con- tributing to the wants of society by her industry, than a modern lady does during a whole life; years, and is solving problems in algebra; and she cannot solve a sum in the rule of tliree- says she knows something about ancient histol but has not "got to modern history yet"^she < neither speak nor wri:e English, but then shej studying Frcncli and Italian — and she cannot gd ecliool in the afternoon in the same dress she wi in the morning WILLIAM PRI.\'CE,pr| etor of this establishment, ( to the public the most e? sive collection of Fruits, Ql mental Trees, and Plant --^^ America. The Fruits ._ ^^% been selected by actual iDl tigution of their merits, %-iX>:^^ ^ nearly all of which are eng '".1^^ /^ed from bearing trees EJ! '■ rty (^^ '" '^1^ selection, which] .— . ih'"!,:., irf^aiJi^^^J^been the particular pursn his father and himself, lor more than half a centiu'y] has spared neither pains nor expense, and such asi not possess particular merit have been rejected; their accuracy has been tested by the best authof the age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 newl rielies of Fruits not to be I'ound in any nlbcr collect| in Ameiica, and which include the most celebr^ kinds that have within a lew years past been broi^ into notice and recommended by those distinguis Horticulturalists, Van Mons i Duquesene, and b^ Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of f do-i In regard to the character and accuracy of the 1 sent from this establishment, the proprietor refeJ the Hon Jonathan Hunnewell, ?.nd other genilem* Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized his el lishment for the last fifty years, -ind particularly toj fruit of the various kinds with which the Bnsto ket is now sujiplied from the extensive collectiol trees furnish* i ttie late Dr Oliver Smith, Sicretaq llie Massachusetts Agricultural Society, v^ho, 1 than thirty years since, had several thousand trecl nually, which were distributed among the menibfl that Association. It may perhaps be deemed w<^ of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offers sale, by the proprietor, are diff<;rent from those vated by other establishments under the same n and the identity of every fruit sent by him, theprq tors expressly guarantees. Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the snbscn and orders left with him, (if from a distance post j will meet prompt attention. JOSEPH BRDIGE, Agent for the ProprietorJ 25 Conrt street, Boston. Sep. Agricultural Establishment, rtmovcd. I THE Agricultural Establishment is removed toj i 52 North Market Street, opposite the north side of I i ueil Hall, — where may be had a great variety oft cultural implements. HAY CUTTERS, some very low prices. I Bailey's and Flagg's improved CORN MILL i CORN CRACKERS, for grinding corn and cohi i Wood's, Tice's, Howard's and other improved <^l ! and wrought iron PLOUGHS, Patent Hay and Manure FORKS. Gault's patent and common CHURNS. STONE MILK PANS. Lbvett's improved CHEESE PRESS. Brass and composition R'. LLS: Twenty bushels of MILLET SEED. Also, a large and convenient counting roonv chattber to let. N Modern Female Education. — A correspondent of the N. Y'ork American complains that his daughter has been in a "fashionable boarding school," three ( ^jj^Sportsmen Will find at COPEi ^NI)'- POWDER STOREiJ5 Broad Street, a complete assorlmeut of Powder, Sh^t. Balls, Flints, and Percussion Caps. The Powder war- ranted superior to any which can be bad in the coftt- (ry_price 6^4 cents and 874 cts. per lb. Shott, Csfl, &r. at the lowest prices— wholesale and retail. 6t Nov. 24. ' The Farjier is published every Friday at |2.50 per annum, if paid in advance. iil;.she.! by John B. Rvssi;ll at thejcorner of Congress and Lindall Streets, (entrance from Kindall Street) Thomas G. Pessenbkn, Editor. OL. V BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1826. No. 20. AGRICULTURE. llx ,1 i< theo'y of the operation o/g^ypsum or plaster Paris, in promoting- the groicth of plants. BY JOHN GOhllAM, M. D. Ill the period of tlie introduction of sulphate 0. iiypsuni, or plaster of Paris, into agricul- niddo iu which it operates in fertilizing or perhaps more correctly in facilitating the 'J; of vegetables, has been a subject of much tion. The question is not yet decided, nor biy can it be determined, until, by long con- oliservation, and repeated experiment, a \tcnsive series of facts aiiall have been col- li and properly arranged. From what is al- known, however, on this subject, various jsions have been drawn and at present we content ourselves w'ith that theory which ccords witli the acknowledged properties of ni, with the nature and qualities of soils and the economy of the vegetable system. I pro- briefly to e.xamine the plausibility of the dif- t modes of e.\planation which have been of- on the action of this compound, and after- i to state the theory which appears to me obviously to flow from a view of the few facts xperience and observation have established. ; opinion respecting the operation of plaster ris, the most generally adopted is tliat, which ses it to depend on its power of absorbinr or ing moisture. It has been said that dew is more plentifully on those parts of a field, vhich the plaster in powder has been diffus ; an on those which received no gypsum, if je the case, it must be owing either to the m being a better conductor of heat than the with which it lies in contact, or to its power racting water from the atmosphere. Were aster in large masses, its heat might be con- d off more rapidly than th;it of the surface of round ; its temperature would thus be dimin- or it would become comparatively cool, and ie rendered capable of condensing the aquc- apour contained in the air continHally pass- ver its surface. But the plaster is applied in irni of pow der ; in that state its conducting r must be diminished, and it is very probable t can neither acquire nor lose its heat with er rapidity than the soil with which it is mix- The truth of the assertion above mentioned is questioiable ; it is supported on doultful au. y, and it is not advanced with that confidence 1 accompanies the expression of a fact which liversiilly acknowledged. The idea of its attraction for moisture, appears to have n from the fact that gypsum products the obvious and the most beneficial effects on dry from which it may be supposed that plants Dt always derive the quantity of water neces- to their crowth and vigour. But even on the Jsition that it does possess, even in a very derable degree, the property of imbibing lire, it can hardly be supposed that the ex- of this power is such, as to supply a rich th of vegetables with additional water, which be sufficient to pro luce a vegetation more ■iant than in ordinary circumstances. The ."•uouiit of the powder of gypsum distribulcil over an acre i.s from two to three bushels, the layer consequently is very thin ; it soon becomes mixed with the rest of the soil ; it tlien e.\ists only in siiiiill proportions, and it is ditfionlt to conceive that in this state, it can absorb much moisture from the air. Besides in some cases, for example, where it is intended to accelerate the growth of Indian corn, it is often applied immediately to the .seed, in the proportion of about a tea spoonful to each hill, and like the seed i.s covered witli a lay- er of earth. In this situation it cannot be suppos- ed to attract moisture from the air, nor is it more evident how it can exert any influence in this res- pect on the neighboring soil, for it is impossible to conceive that even thcs'- substances which ii-e known to possess the most powerful attraction for water, could, in this proportion, afford any consid- erable part of this fluid which is taken up in such large (juantities by every healthy plant. The sphere of this attraction must in these circumstan- ces be very limited, and if the soil immediately in contact with the gypsum, were to yield its fluid to this compound, we have no reason to suppose that it would be immediately supplied from that more remote, and thus establish a current, if the expression be not too strong, toward the seeds and roots of the plant. As the corn which has been treated in this way generally (if not always) flour- isies more vigorously than when left to the pow- ers of the soil alone, we may infer that the gyp- si m continues to act, after it has acquired a con- siJcrable height. It therefore appears absurd to say that a spoonful of this compound should thus be able to furnish, or should thus become the means of supplying any considerable portion of the water necessary to the sustenance of a large plant for weeks, even granting its strong attrac- tion for tliat fluid. I may now, however, observe that from our knowledge of the composition and properties of gypsum, we may saiely deny that in its ordinary state it possesses this property in any degree, more than other earthy bodies, whose particles are not strongly coherent. It never ex- hibits this property, unless it has been exposed to heat. Gypsum is a compound of lime, sulphuric acid, and water. When exposed to a high tempe- rature in a solid state, it loses the water necessa- ry to its constitution, and falls into powder. The remaining compound of lime and sulphuric acid has then a powerful attraction for this fluid, and when they are mixed with each other, care having been talten that the quantity of water added should not exceed that which has been evolved, the semi- fluid again becomes a solid : a fact which is sufli- ciently familiar in the formation of stucco. When thus formed anew, the attraction for water ceases, for the gypsum remains dry and solid, while those salts or compounds which possess this property in the greatest degree, aie the most deliquescent or the most disposed to become liquid on exposure to the air, or moisture. Whence it appears that the natural compound of lime and sulphuric acid, at leist that which is most common, and the only one employed in agricultirre, is already saturated with water, that it is not deliquescent, and therefore that there is no probability, in reasoning from ob- servation independent from direct experiment, that it has' the smalkst additional attraction for that fluid. It may p^rliaps be thought that'the effects of gypsum on plunts might bo augmented by the use of the powder after its water had bec.i dissi- pated by expo.suie to heat. But a moment's rc- tlectiou will be sufficient to convince us that no additional advant.vge could be gained by this ex- periment. When ileprived of its water, the at- traction of the remainder for this fluid is so pow- erful that it would readily absorb as much as was r<}quir,ed from the soil, but this water, instead of befng trnnsniilted to the roots of vegetables, would be arrested and combined with the other ingredi- ents, and ordinary gypsum must of course be the result. From what has been observed it may be justly suspected, if not actudly believed, that the agen- cy of gypsum in promoting the growth of plants, cannot with propiiety, be ascribed to its power of absorbing or attncting moisture. i. It has been thought by many that gypsum operates by aeceleratin,g putrefaction, or by pro- moting the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter. It is much to be regretted that on purely practi- cal subjects, and perhaps on none more than that of agriculture, we should content ourselves with loose and hypothetical opinions, unsupported by facts or experierce. It would not bo a difficult task for any gentleman farmer, with even a super- ficial knowledge of chemistry, to reduce a multi- tude of supposed truths to the test of experiment, and the result s\oald probably be equally useful and honorable. If gypsum operate in tUo ~..j i nave just mentioned, it mosfMse cither, 1 . by loos- ening the soil and thus allcTinga freer access to the air, light, heat and moisture, or, 2. by increas- ing the temperature of the materials, or, 3. by af- fording sometlung cajable of exciting and contin- uing the fermentative process. Some advantages niiiy possibly be derived from gypsum by its mechanical effects of opening the soil or rendering it less dense ; but when we con- sider that it is added ia comparatively small pro- portions and that in some cases it produces its spe- cific actions, though afplied immediately to the seeds or roots of the vegetable in even minute quantities, this effect at best can be regarded only as trivial. If the soil be composed principally of animal and vegetable matter, there is no doubt but that much greater benefit may result from plough- ing, by which the mould would be more extensive- ly exposed to the influence of the air, and would thus much sooner undergo those chemical chang- es, on which the subsequent fertility is in a great measure dependent. There is no reason which should lead one to suppose that plaster can increase the tor.iperature of a decomposing or decompose-1 vonetable mass ; for as the heat generated in this process arises from fermentation and this again from chemical changes in the nature of the mateTiiiis, the sul- phate of lime must itself undergo some change or •some decomposition to add to the fermentative matter and thus to angment its temperature. But, so far as we know, neither vegetable nor perhaps animal matter contains any thing which in the cir- cumstances, in which they are placed, is capable 154 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. f Dec. 8, 182G. of effectintr this decomposition ; for the attraction and have ascribed but little intluonce to the first ; when oeficient it languislics, ano debility and between the constituent principles of gypsum is '■ hence, if arg-uments v.hich have been advanced to ease may be the consequence either of too st cxceedincrlv strung, and although potash, which is disprove the correctness of these hypotheses, be or too feeble action. Exercise also .s probi either centameu in, or is formed during the com- alloacd to be just, when considered separately, equally necessary to the vegetable as to the bustion and perhaps the spontaneous dissolution of thev must have nearly equal weight when united. | mal system. Whence it appears that there exj veffetables is able to abstract the sulphuric acid : Xs the modes of action assigned to gypsum ap- 1 an intimate relation of properties between the < from the lime, yet is only when the alkali exists ' pear to be inadequate to the explanation of the j great classes of organi'.ed beings, and that pr, in excess, and its affinity for the acid is rendered facts 'hitherto observed, we must look farther, and bly their functions may be continued by the op, more effectual by quantity, by heat, and by being on considering this subject, it seems to me tp ac- long boiled with this calcareous compound. So cord best with the supposition, thiit it operates on far therefore we have no reason to believe that the root of vegetables as a stiuiulant. To render sulphate of lime can have any effect in increasing this theory plain and intelligible, it will be neces- the heat of common soils,or of a mixture of animal sary to premise that certain properties of life are and vegetable matters, while undergoing the pro- I common both to the animal and the vegetable sys-jed, and when they are not excessive, the rej - cess of decomposition. I tern. They both possess the poweWof absorbing,of w ould be a vigorous vegetation, and a more ti The last supposition, that gypsum may acceler- circulating, of secreting,and of converting foreign | Jovelopement of the organs. The met:ahc oxiJ atethe putrefaction of the organi/.ed matter, with , matter into their own substance. All the phenom- ( ^r compounds of metals and oxygen, the meti which it is mixed, by r..ffording something capable | ena of vegetation concur to prove that plants like salts, such as green vUriol, the ^ native Cdmpoi of exciting or increasing the fermentative action, I animals enjoy a principle to which has been appli- ~ is less probable. The species of fermentation, i ed the name of irritability, and which is simply the which takes place in this instance,is that to which ' susceptibility to contraction on the application of chemists have given the name of putrefactive. It stimuli. It is probably the property which is the is the gradual reduction of organized substances first- developed and the last extinguished in all or- into soil, in consequence of the operation of chem- ganized beings. Whether they also po.ssess sen- ical laws, when not counteracted nor controuled sibility is a question which from our limited by the principle of life. This action is spontane- knowledge of the functions of vegetables, we are ous, and to be produced requires merely a moder- unable satisfactorily to answer. There are some ate temperature, water, anfl contact with the air. facts which have induced a few vegetable physiolo- Thcre is no fact, with which I am acijuainttd, in gists to suppose that they do. If it be so, its phe- favour of the supposition, that gypsum, as a com- nomena are by no means so obvious as those re- pouud, can facilitate this process, nor is there any suiting from irritability, and even this principle is thing in its composition analogous to animal or not so apparent in the vegetable as in the animal vegetable matter which can undergo this kind of system, for in the latter it is developed every rao- Jecomposition. In the vinous a|id acetous fer- ' ment, while in the former it requires some study to mentations, we know that these pactions may be, be perceived. This difference in the two systeus and are, excited by the addition o^ yeast, or what is probably to be attributed to the greater rigidity some chemists have denominated ferment, a sub- j of parts in vegetables which of course are lejs stance which, if not the same witl, is at least very susceptible, and to an organization mucli mole similar in properties to vegetab.e gluten. The simple than that of animals by which they may be putrefactive fermentation may likewise be com- ' deprived of that consent or connexion between va- menced by the mixture with a substance already rious parts which has been called sympathy. Who- in that state. But as sulphate of lime is incapable ever is acquainted with the physiology of plants, of fermentation, as it can furnish nothing which cannot avoid remarking that " the propulsion of can produce it, and as, when mixed with the fer- the sap : the secretions whence new products are menting mass, it is found attae end of the process, formed ; the motions of their leaves ; tlieir sus- unchanged in any of its properties, we may safely ceptibility to the impressions of external agents, conclude that gypsum does not increase the ferlil- lieat, lin^ht, air, and moisture, and electricity ; their ity of soils by hastening tie decomposition of or- growth, and the formation of the embryo plant, ganic bodies. ' with similar powers, are phenomena inexplicable The only way we can conceive it to operate in on any principles of mechanism, and so strikingly this respect, is by depriving some of the vegetable analogous to those of the animal system that tliey productions of life, by whi:h the ordinary aflinities must be referred to the operation of a similar of chemistry may be brought into action, and thus principle ;" or a set of principles, one of which is the mass of decomposed matter or vegetable mould, irritability. The analogy between the properties and of course the quantity of nutriment, be indi- j of living animal and vegetable matter will appear rectly increased. But there are no facts I believe ' even more intimate when wo consider the circum- to prove, that plaster when mixed with soils even stances by which their growth and vigour are ac- in excess, possesses this positive power of destroy- j celerated and retarded and their condition is alter- ing the life of plants, and this mode therefore of.ed. In the former the proper balance of actions explaining the action of gypsum, is entitled to no ' constituting health is preserved by the due regu- 1 ble, than one which has not been thus stimulated greater weight than those which we have before ; lation of food, of air, of exercise, and of tempera- 1 it will therefore be larger and more luxuriant tion of the same principles, modified by strucj ud situation. Like animals then, vegetables may be timulated than usual. The effect woukl be to rease the natural actions of the parts thus ex of sulphur and iron, the neutral salts, such ai tro, &c. and the liquid oxy-muriatic acid, been proved to promote the germination of and the growth of the plants. These substani it hi'.s been supposed, operate by the oxyge the base they afford for the direct nourishment the vegetable. But I am inclined to believe Ihi they produce their effects as compounds and i stimulants, or if decomposed, that the use of oxygen is rather to increase the action, th rectly to augment the bulk of the plant ; fc though oxygen may be obtained from most vi tables, it lias been for the most part previoutl' combined with hydrogen in the form of watc which with more probability has been absorbedk' the roots, than produced in the vessel.* of the pUti Why then may not gypsum operate in the sail way? There is certainly no great incongruitji; the supposition, and it is no argument against-il acting on this principle, that it is perfectly iaei as it regards the irritability of the human systW. It has neither taste nor odour, nor any pcrceplibl stimulant action on the organs of touch ; but dot it follow that it should therefore produce no effft on the seeds or roots of vegetables ; Oxide i manganese and litharge are inert to us, yet tk' experiments of physiologists appear to prove tb they are not so to plants. It may be supposed, that when the plaster o Paris is applied to the seed, it stimulates the liltl' root, the action of the vessels is thus increasec absorption goes on more rapidly, and it acquilt; more nourishment in a given time than in ordinar; circumstances,the consequeuces are a quick growtl and enlargement of organs. If the stimulant •(■ feet be continued, the roots will become thiciei than usual, they will spread to a greater distaact from the centre, and perhaps penetrate deeper into the ground ; hence in a given time, suchi plant will absorb more fluids from the ground tc be converted into sap, and to nourish the vegett- examined. But it may be said that although neith- i ture. If the food be moderately stimulant and nu er of the circumstances above mentioned be suffi- tritious, if the air be pure, the exercise equable, cient, singly, to account for the acknowledged ac- 1 and the temperature uniform and mild, the opera- tion of this compound, yet that it may be dependent ; tions of the system are free and unembarrassed. — upon and constituted by all of them: and there j If the influence of external agents be excessive, fore may be ascribed partly to its opening the soil, 1 or if the system be deprived for a time of its ac- partly to its facilitating the putrefactive process, ] customed stimuli, disease and even death may fol- and in part to its attracting moisture from tlie air. 1 low. In the latter also the health of the plant is The weight of this argument must depend on the j dependent on ihe degree of heal, and light appli- degree of merit that has been attached to each of j ed, the quality of the air surrounding it, and the the hypotheses. It has been seen that with regard j quantity of nutriment it derives from the soil. — to the last, we have allowed nothing in their favor, i When excessive the plant is too iiighly stimulated; It may be thought that if gypsum operate at) stimulant, it ought to produce the same effect, it all cases, that is, it should act uniformly in all ait- nations. But a slight view of the subject willbt sufficient to convince us, that, as soils differ »s much in nature as degrees of cohesion, some of them may contain ingredients which are in them- selves highly stimulant, while others may, with re- gard to the vegetable fibre, be comparatively in- ert and bland. The application of piaster, to plants vegetating in soils of the former character, would not be followed by any obvious advantage; I Vol. V No. Ql). NEW ENGLAND FARMER. e in tlie hittrr it miglit promote in a very con- able degror, (lie growth oi" tlio vegetables, by ting a more .stimulant power than any of the tances with which they arc .surrounded. This may perhaps afford an explanation of the fact, ipposed fact, that gypsum produces no effect plants growing in the vicinity of the sea. — I J ^Ti" was no I I madr .tures, ^^Jw;,;: r^ine' ::::: 2^:Z r'^- -'''--^'^^y "-^ .nd of or ..han„ „. m some cases smaller quantities of gvnsum • and I ,i;(T\,„/ n used pigeon's dung in one instance i^slead of ilcsh, tif ,""'-—""' ""-V operate >n two mode., to and with precisely similar results .\fter stilting th;i only case^in which thos-; may be an apparent in two modeg, to ubst.Bncc which , --. stimulus, and also no case increased the rapidity of pl7fS-l!! tT"' *"f; ""'I -"'"POsos a part of the rlantV- or four bushels of gvpsum. In examining the soil ti;;„; nl, tl "^•^l'"'"«^'",^ "'^n ' .uafield near Newburg, which was taLn from j ^^L i^ ::o.;r:''Mr 7 n^Ue's" "•V i/av^. , below a foot-path near the gate, where "vpsumlhnvo hlf^-o •, i- j -luone s _ _..„,. Sir Humphry, "consists of could not have been artificially furnished, 1 could Ht ,, .V'"''/^^^ me body thai ex.sts combin- 'not detect any of this substance n> tt ; and at tll^ '';."*";"'' '''"'" """^ '^ ''^°"" =^""y '° emarks (>;i the Editor. — To the above very able rvalious by Dr Gorham, we shall subjoin some irks by Sir Humphry Davy ' Gypsum,"' say luric acid (the same ,vith water in oil of vitriol) and lime ; and when it is composed of 5.5 parts of lime, and 75 of •huric acid. Common gypsum orselenite, con- j besides sulphuric acid and lime, a considera- quantity of water ; and its composition maybe s expressed : Sulphuric acid, one proportion 75, Lime, one proportion 5.5, I Water, two proportions 34. The nature of gypsum is easily demonstrated ; il of vitriol be added to quick lime there is a crop, or sanfoin crop, on an acre, accordin.r ,o m'v ""IT' •'' ^'' '?'' '" °''''" '° f ^«"'"" ^^■''°"'" estimation, would afford by .ncneration o, fy th ee ' frM n7 t ^'"T "' "°'' " "'" ""^ ^''' '" '' S""" ^ ^ "^^° "fi' r^'le^to 'n«ke experiments with small quanti- d in a proper directions a- ory time I collected the soil, the peat ashes were applied to the clover in tlie field. The reason why gypsum is not generally efficacious is probably bo- cause most cultivated soils contain it in suflicient quantities for the use of the grasses. In the com- mon course of cultivation gypsum is furnished in the manure ; for it is contained in stable dung, and in the dung of cattle fed on grass ; and it is not taken up in corn [grain] crops, or crops of peas and beans, and in very small quantities OTTERS. "We have alluded to the sporting of the Olter, and may now remark that its disposition in this respect is singular and interesting. Their favor- ite sport is sliding, and for this purpose, in win- ter, the highest ridge of snow is selected, to the top of which tie otters scramble, where, Ivin? on , if the acid has been used in sufficient quanti- tried gypsum without any benefit, on two of his I "''"y' '""^ '°f^ 'eet bent backwards, they give turnip crops ; but where lands are exclusively de- ent heat produced ; when the mixture is ignit- voted to pasturage and hay it will be continually water is given otf, and gypsum alone is the re- consumed. Lord Dundas informs me, that hav no purpose. NATURAL HISTORY. In reading the first volume of Dr. Godman's Amtrican Mdural History, we were struck with the following among other curious passages : and gypsum mixed with quick lime, if the ntity has been deficient. Gypsum free from ter, is sometimes found in nature, when it is ied anhydrous selcnite. It is distinguished n common gypsum by giving oft" no water when ted. Great difTerence of opinion has prevailed a- ngst agriculturists with respect to the uses of psum. It has been advantageously used in nt, and various testimonies in favour of its effi- y have been laid before the Board of Agricul- e of Mr Smith. In America it is employed with nal success ; but in most counties of England has failed, though tried in various ways, and on diff"erent crops. Very discordant notions have been formed as the mode of operation of gypsum. It has been pposed by some persons to act by its power of cracting moisture from the air : but this agency jst be comparatively insignificant. When com- ncd with water, it retains that fluid too power- lly to yield it to the roots of the plant, and its lesive attraction for moisture is very inconsid- able ; the small quantity in which it is used like- ise is 3. circumstance hostile to this idea. " It has been said that gypsum assists the putre- ction of animal substances, and the decomposi- on of manure. I have tried some experiments on lis subject which are contradictory to the notion, mixed some minced veal with about one hun- redth part of its weight of gypsum, and exposed )me veal without gypsum under the same circum- .ajices ; there was no difference in the time in hich they began to putrefy, and the process ;emed tome most rapid in the casein which estates in Yorkshire, he was induced to have the soil examined for gypsum, and this substance was found in both the soils." It should seem that there are not only some soils on which gypsum has little or no effect, but like- themselves an impulse with the hind legs, and swiftly glide headforemost down the declivity, sometimes for the distance of twenty yards. Thil sport they continue apparently with the keenest enjoyment, until fatigue or hunger induces them wise that it is much more useful in the cultivation j ^°.''°^'=*'- I" the summer this amusement is ob of some plants than others. Likewise the manner*'''""^'' ^^ "electing a spot where the river bank is in which it is applied is a matter of importance { '*'''i""S. ''i^s a clayey soil, and the water at its base M Canolle, a French writer observes in substance | "*" ^ considerable depth. The otters then remove that plaster acting, or operating chiefly on the ^^"^ "^"^ surface, for the breadth of several feet, absorbent system of plants, its eft'ects are not like ' ''"^ ®'^''^'^^' ''°°'®' ^'^^^^s, and other obstructions, those of manures buried in the soil, which act prin- I ^"■'^ '"'^'■der the surface as level as possible. They cipally on the roots. The latter according to their ! '^'""'? "P ''"^ '''^"'' ""^ ^ '^^^ precipitous spot, and particular nature divide, soften, enrich, warm, or i ^'^''''"S ''''°'" '''e top, slip with velocity over the stiff"en the soils with which they are mixed. .The quantity of plaster spread upon the land is so trifl- ing, that it can have little efl'ect in the soil. " I speak from experience. Plaster buried in the earth where sainfoin has been sown, has produced no visible alteration ; whilst the same quantity of plaster spread over the same surface of sainfoin has produced the most beautiful vegetation. " Whatever may be the soil on which clover, lucerne, and sainfoin naturally flourish vigorously, or with that vigour which encourages us to apply manure, there is no risk in trying plaster. " It is to be remarked that plaster operates on inclining ground, and plunge into the water to a depth pioportionod to their weight and rapidity of motion. After a few slides and plunges the sur- face of the clay becomes very smooth and slippery, and the rapid succession of the sliders show how much these animals are delighted by the game, as well as'liow capable they are of performing actions which have no other object than that of pleasure or diversion." COURTESY. His Majesty's Ship Niemen arrived here on Sunday evening, in 50 hours from Boston. The officers of the ship give the most pleasing accounts plants m a direct ratio to the size and number of ; of the reception they met with 'in thit' growing their leaves. I have spread plaster on land, where and highly respectable city-former feuds, wl sainfoin was mixed with the common grasses, j hope, have been long forgotten-Massachusetts which compose our meadows. The growth of the i has been long remarked for her candour and lib- sainfoin and wild honey-sucklehas been, beyond ' erality towards the parent country, and if corrob- comparison greater than that o.' the common ; orative proof of her good disposition was required, ^«f^!l- , •. „ ,-^ 1""^ ^^'■'^ ^^ before us of the most We think It not at all difficult to reconcile the ;nature.~i/ah/aa;;?a;)ero/JVoi;. 8. satisfactory 156 'WORCESTER AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. PLOUGHING MATCH. The Committee on the Ploughing Match report, that they have had great satisfaction in cii.sciiarg- i;ig the duty assigned them, though attended witii lahor and ditBculty to decide upon the relative merits of the competitors. The spirtt with which the prizes were contested, and the skill and per- fection with which the work was done, rendered it e.vtremely embarrasing to settle and award the premiums. Tliis part of our Show has been con- sidered by some judicious farmers and friends to the Society, of but little or no practical utility. — But your Committee deem it one of the most inter- esting, as well as useful objects of the Society. — The importance of good ploughing to a plentiful harvest, is acknowledged by all, and that every means should be devised to e,xtend a practical knowledge of the art; and what plan has ever been found more effectual for that purpose, than that of establishing a competition among plough- men, and rewarding tho.se who excel. At these meetings, farmers are instructed, when they come only "to be amused ;" their prejudices are worn avvay, and tliey are frequently induced to try new modes of culture, and now implements of husband- ry. The competition, on these occasions, is a- mong practical husbandmen, coming from differ- ent sections of the county, each with his own pe- culiar notions of the mode of cultivation, drav.'n fr')m e.sperience and observation, and each with p' •- • suited to the cultivation of their respec- tive larms. lience they mutually instruct each other, and make known tiieir several e.\perimen:g in the art of tilling tiieir lands, am] in the con- struction of their ploughs. From the excellent construction of the ploughs, and the perfection of the work this day exhibited to us yoir Comnnttee cannot but believe that the presoni state of im- provement, in the construction of the plough, ar.l the art of ploughing, is in some degree, to be at- tributed to our Ptoug;Iiing Matches. But the time will not admit of an essay upon ploughs or plough- ing. Every farmer has his own plans and views upon the subject, which he has attained from ac- tual experience, and nothing that wo can say will alter or change his opinions. The competitors are impatient for the awards ; and, Mr President, with your leave, I will now proceed to this unpleasant duty. The ground selected for the Match was of a light, loamy soil, divided into lots of one eighth of an acre each. At 9 o'clock, A.M. the several com- petitors were on the field ; and eleven drew for lots, and entered the list for the premiums. Lot No 3, Freegrnce Marble, of Sutton, two yoke of O.xen, work performed in 35 minutes. No 3, Silas Dudley, Northbridge,2y. S.'iJ min. No 4, Wm. Eaton, jr. Worcester, 1 y..32 min. No 5, John Sherman, Sutton, 2 y. 31 min. No 6, Nathl. Gates, Worcester, 1 y. 2(i min. No 7,Rejoice Newton, Worcester,'3 y. 28 min. No 8, Luther Whiting, Sutton, 2 y. .39 min. No 9, Waxd & Rice, Worcester, 2 y. 2ti min. No 10, Steph. Marsh jr. Sutton, 2 y. 33 min. No 11, Tyloir Putnam, Sutton, 2 y, 30^ min. No 12, Levi Lincoln, President of the Society. claiming no pseraium, 2 y. 2.5 min. No 13, Royal T. Marble, Sutton, 1 y. 35 min. Two premiums only were offered by the Socie- ty, for ploughing with two yoke of oxen ; and four premiums for work performed by one yoke with- NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 8, lb2(.. 6ut a driver. Tlie Committee, at'ter much diUicul- ! foiir iiours attLi l\,ti ;>riiu ipal meal it -.v ill tv, [all the work being so well done,) have award- the ulterior stages of digestion, as already ed the- premiums, on teams of two yoke as fol- 1 plained, and promote insensible perspiration' Voi.' $5 $3 S4 First premium to Stephen Marsh, jr. Sutton, $8. Samuel Sibley ,ploughman, $4. Stephen Marsh jr. driver, $3. Second pr,cmium to John Sherman, of Sutton,S6. Himself ploughman, §4. Benjamin Woodbury ,3d. driver B~. But four teams of one yoke of oxen were enter- ed. The Committee, therefore, had only to decide upon their relative merits, rewarding all for their exertions. First premium of $6, was awarded to Nathaniel Gates of Worcester, himsel,!' ploughman, $4 2. To Wm. Eaton, jr. of Worcester, ^> himself ploughman, 3. To Tyler Putnam ( f Sutton, himself ploughman, 4. To Royal T. Marble of Sutton, plough ^ and ploughma^i. The mode of ploughing without a driver is the one which the Society wish most to encoijrage, as it gives the best evidence of attention in training and disciplining tlie oxeir, besides being a great savi.Mg in the expense,so necessary to the farmer's prosperity. All which is submitted. JONAS L. SIBLEY. Per order of the CqmmiUee. TEA DRINKL\G. There is no subject which has occasioned a greater controversy amongst dietetic writers than tlie subject of tea. By one party it is decreed as a poison ; by another it is extolled as a medicine, and a valuable addition to our food ; wliile some refer all its beneficial efl'ects to the water thus in- troduced into the system, and its evil consequen- ces to the high temperature at which it is drank. In order to understand the value of the different arguments which have been adduced in support or to the disparagement of this beverage, it will be necessary to inquire into its composition. — Two kinds of tea are imported into this country, distinguished by the epithets black and green. — Both contain astringent and narcotic principles, but in very different proportions ; the latter pro- ducing by far the most powerful influence upon the nervous system. As the primary operation of every narcotic is stimulant, tea is found to e.x- Iiilarate and refresh us, although there exist in- liividuals who are so morbidly sensible to the ac- tion of certain bodies of this class that feelings of depression, accompanied with various nervous sen- sations, and an unnatural vigilance, follow the potation of a single cup of strong tea ; while oth- ers experience, from the same cause, symptoms indicative of derangement of the digestive organs: but these arc exceptions from which no general rule ought to be deduced. The salubrity of the infusion to the general mass of tlie community is established by sufficient testimony to out-weigh any argument founded on individual cases. It must, however, be admitted, that if this beverage be taken too soon after dinner, the digestion of the meal may be disturbed by the distension it «ill occasion, as well as by its influence as a dilu- ent ; the narcotic and astringent principles may also operate in arresting chymification ; but when a physician gives it his sanction, it is with the un- derstanding that it shall be taken in moderate quantities, and at appointed seasons. When drank while it will afford to the stomach a grateful afl ulus after its labors. With regard to the obj tion urged against its use, on Ihe ground of 1 pcrature, it will be only necessary to refer to observations viihich have been already offered i this subject. In enumerating-,, however, the ad'ijj tages of tea, it must not be for^'otten that it introduced and cherished a spirit of sobriety ;. it must have been remarked by every physicial general practice, that those person^ who disf tea, frequently supply its place by spirit and wal The addition of milk certainly ditninishes the . tringency of tea; that of sugar may please •! palate, but cannot modify the virt-'es of tlii^ in ion. .[Paris's Treatise on Diet! BREWING ESTABLISHMENT. The -Albany papers inform us, that very sive breweries have been established in tliat ( during the present year. The use of boer is Hi becoming more common in bur poantry. We hq to see it take the place every where of ard spirits. The brewery in Salem belonging to | Farrington, lias sent out some very excellent be CURIOUS EXPERIMENTS. Prom some experiaients on the adhesion of gfl instituted by Mr Bcvan, and an account of whij he has inserted in the last number of the Philo phical Alagazine, it appears that a force of ],9 lbs. applied at right angles to the surfaces in"<;<| tact, was required to separate two cylinders ofc ash -wood of 1^ incites in diameter, and abouj inches long, after they had been glued together} hours. The pressure was applied gradually, i was sustained two or three minutes before the SQ %r;ition took place. The force of 713 lbs. woii therefore, be required to separate one square inq The force required to separate dry Scotch fir-wo 4G2 lbs. to the square inch ; so that if two piecl of this wood had been well glued together, t] wood would have yielded in its substance befia tfe glue. The cohesion of solid glue was 4,0 Ibs.to the square inch-, from this it may be infern that the application of this substance as a cem^ is susceptible of improvement. [Monthly Mag.JJ MANUFACTURLNG OF CALICO. Till within a very short time it is well knoM that this article has demanded a high price amon retailers who have kept none but such as was in ported from Europe. Manufacturers have length introduced the business of making Calicoal of their own, and there are now many valuab'. tablishments in the country which produce this i kind of cloth of the first quality. Within two years the article has been reduced in price .30 per cent, which is doubtless to be attributed to the success of our manufactures. In our immedi- ate vicinity, one manufactory has been in oper- ation about a year and a half, another is new nearly finished of no inconsiderable dimensions. This is situated in Seekonk, on Bucklin's Brook, and we understand that preparations are making to manufacture Calico of the first rate in this mill. It is to be worked by machinery altogether new, and which never before has been introduced in this country. Mr M'ilkinson and others are the proprietors of the works, and a small village al- ready appears rising around them in the middle of a forest Vol. V No. -20. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 157 We trust that we shall have occasion little Ion- I AMERICAN CARPETING tr to apply to foreign markets for this species ot j We have just seen a piece of Carpctin"- woven iitif:icture since our own have already furpassc, „t Tariffville,about twelve miles from this,"*'; 'oliidi ii-e of those imported from France and (^cai i; appears that C.irpcts can bo made there 'of any tuin. The domestic Calicoes we arc happy to ' oloiirs an.! to any pattern, durable, cheap and , moot the approbation of the ladies in prefer- ; elegant. Colourinjr can be done as well in this •e : owii}? to the superior strength of their country as i»any other, and the weaving by this ture. and the permanency of their colors. _ j looiu is of the rijht sort. The public will in a short [Pawtucket Clironicle.] } ;ime become acquainted with these carpets and we THE SULPHATE OF QUININE, r.'iis article which contains the bitter and tonic nciplo o! the Peruvian Hark, in a hicrhly con- vi form, is daily becoming more e.xtensive- kinx.vn, an'l its efficacy in the cure of diseases, iiighly iippreciate ed as a nied.cinal agent, by the French only claim the ccclit of being the first to mention them. [Hartford Mirror.] HONEY A CURE FOR THE GRAVEL. A number of ypars ago, says a correspondent, I ■vas much afflicted with the gravel, and twice in When It was first in- : gprio.jg^jj„g.gP^ f.oj,, gmall stones lodged in the igent, by the French pa3.;age. f met with a gentleman who had been eniist-s and Physicians, its use was confined i„ „y situation, and got rid of this disorder by efly, it not entirely, to the cureot the Inttrmit- sweetening his tea with half honey and half sugar. tf. (fr, or fever and as-ue. Even at this pen- [ adopted this remedy^ and found it eftectual. Af- ,„„„^ .„„„ ,„ ,„^. .,,.„.„„, some ol our medical men are ignorant of its use ter hoimr fullv clmr of mv di^pnsp aiimih ton uonro I. ci. . r.- . , A „,..,'= ■ u . ; 1-er oei.ag luiiy Clear 01 my (ll^.ease aoouc ten years, to Staunton. — RichmoniJ t^nqutrer. any other purpose. 1 his however, is but one j declined taking honey, and in about three months | 1 the many cases where this active preparation , j i,ad a violent nt of my old comphi int. I then re- j PHILADELPHIA, been used with a success^ uneqmdled by t,hat j ^ew^d my practice of taking honey in my tea, and | The Philadelphia Gazette says the improvement-, in that city for the last ten years must astonish HOGS. A western friend informs ns that upward.i of (;i),(l()0 hogs had passed up the valley of the Great Kenhawa, as early as the f.tli of November, mostly destined to the eastern part of Virginia. This ac- cession to our usual supply by that route, is prin- cipally owing to the very useful and convenient, road recently constructed between the Kanawha and James river. The expenditure among our cit- ivr.ns, in bringing Jiogs to market from our western border is estimated at .*! 3,") per head ; and if the facilities of bringing them to market should only reduce the price of pork 50 cents in the hundred, the results will he a disbursement of about 1*75000 for corn and other provisions on the roads, and upwards of S50000 saveil to the consumers of Western pork. These are interesting circumstan- ces for the consideration of the Legislature, on deciding on the expediency of extending the Ken- hawa road to the Kentucky border, and eastward my other aiticleinthe diss of Tonic medi- ,,„ ^^.^ ,„pfg than three score, and have not for cs. In all c;ises of debility, from whatever (he last twenty-seven years, had the smallest ;e, in the absence of high febrile excitement, symptoms of tlio gravel. I have recommended my '.f..-:icy IS certain as it is speedy and perman- , prescription to many of my acquaintance, an I iiave —It IS peculiarly valuable in those cases of ^^^.^^ known it to fail.— Po/ih>«/ E.ram. remo debility, attended with such an irritabili- 1 Df the stomach, as to preclude the use of bark I CURE FOR SORE MOUTH IN HORSES, jubstanco. or other tonics. In bat a few cases \ The following method of practice and recipe for it disagree with the patient and its use is the cure of the prevailing disease among horses, from those chronic companUs of the nervous ' was obtained from Mr Toralinson, (one of the pro- tem which so often succeed the u.^e of .4r»«nt- prietors of the Western Mail Stages) on his return preparations, and noslrams, denomimted 'ague from visiting the sick horses in the line, and we (s.' Thtse poi..ionous specifics ought to give feel authori. ed to say, will, if strictly attended to. ;e to the more safe and valuable article under succeed in curing 9'J cases in 100. — ,1mcr. Farm^ sideration. s the Quinine is now mixh used in the cure of i fever and ague bv many unacquainted with the j On the commencement of the disease, bleed ure of the m'edicine and the disease, it will be moderately. If the blood, after cooling, appears per to state that it should never be used in this to have much buff on it, repeat the bleeding— give iplaint, but during the intermission between "pint of castor oil ; if it does not operate in 16 h paroxysm.or fit of the disease. Its use should hours, give two thirds of a pint. Nitre maybe preceded, also, by thorough evacuations from given at the rate of 2 oz. a day, or salts two or ir stomach and bowels. During the hot stage three times a week, J lb. at a time ; these may be tonic would onlv increase the excitement.— ' ?>ven in a thin mush, or rather slop of bran, it iling medicines are then indicated. The most. being the best food for the animal while diseased, venient preparation of the Quinine is the solu- i Take half a pint of honey, one table spoon full I made by adding the salt to cool water slight- of borax, and one quart of strcng sage tea, mix icidulated with sulphuric acid. The dose is them well together, then take a stick and tie a grain every one.two or three hours, according soft fitg to the end of it ; dip it in the mixture and he violence' of the disease, and clearness of the wash the tongue, gums and mouth well ; the more 5rmission. It may be used with or without j frequently the better, at least every two hours— and gratify every citi;en. Of public buildings tliere have been erected the U. S. Banl;, the The- atre, five churches, the Deaf and Dumb and the Orphan Asylums, besides many others that have been rebuilt and beautified. The western part of the city has been, and is now rapidly building up, by whol» rows of three story bricl< houses at a, time ; several public hotels just finished exceed in point of size and comfort any in the Union. The new and beautiful Arcade is nearly finished; new iron water pipes have just been laid throughout the city ; a new E.vchange and Post Office are to be built, and the city lighted with gas. deira or Port Wine. I sweet milk in tlio tea will do no harm, or a little 'he absurd idea that it is dangerous to break I nitre may occasionally be put in with good etfect fits of the ajjue ought to be exploded. There no constitutions that will not suffer more or 5 from a continuance of this disease. Enlarge- nts of the spleen, (called Ague Cakes,)derange- nt of other viscera, debility, dropsical affections I a host of nervous complaints succeed, and iiplete the wreck of the system. On the con- ry, it is esteemed perfectly safe to check the oxysrns at the earliest period. The Quinine, ler proper management, will prove infallible in ! particular. — Ohio pa. )r Grant of St. Simon's Island, (Georgia) has sented to the Agricultural Society of that dis- t,.a specimen of the Date, the product of St. ions, supposed to be the first specimen of that icious fruit ever produced in this country. — be particular in keeping the mouth clean, and nursing the horse with care. The pulse, and appearance of the blood, must govern as to the necessity of bleeding more than once. The Legislature of Vermont have passed a law requiring the venders of lottery tickets in that State to pay for a license to sell tickets, the sum of •*500 per annum. They have also rejected, unani- mously, the several resolutions received from the executives of other States, proposing an amend- ment to the Constitution of the United States. Mr Pulton, the Civil Engineer, has commenced a survey of all the navigable rivers in Georgia, from the mountains to the ocean. '1 lie exprriments made in the South of Spain, lo cultivate the cochineal, have perfectly succeeled. In Murcia,the silk worm from China, which makes the white silk has been introduced. Thirty new townships have lately been laid out in Maine, on land belonging to that State and Massachusetts ; and the soil is spoken of as gene- rally good. MANUFACTURES. The manufactures, principally of cotton, in New England, amount to about 400 distinct buildings, appropriated to spinning, weaving, auil printing cotton goods. These buildings average, by the best estimates, 700 spindles, many of them (indeed nearly all the new ones) very large ; but on the other hand, most of the old ones comparatively very small ; so I think the average is safely put at 700 spindles to the building ; that makes 280,000 spindles. These, after counting out Sundays, and suspensions from repairs, low water, sickness, &c. run 280 days in the year, and are estimated to consume half a pound of raw cotton per day, which is 140 lbs. to the spindle in a year ; this, multipli- ed by the number of spindles, is 89,290,000 Ihs. of cotton, equal to 96,000 bales. About one third of these buildings weave by power-looms ; one other third carry on the weav- ing by hand, perhaps rather more, and the other pin and send oflT their yarn to the Middle or West- ern slates, where it is either wove by hand under contractors, as around Philadelphia, or in families, as in the Western country. The manufacturing of cotton goods, or rather spinning, has increased 158 NEW ENGLAND FARxMER. Dec. 8. 18'^il about one fifth, within the last year, in New Eng- land— not in the number of buildings, but the number of spindles ; for nearly all the new build- ings are large and contain from 2000 to GOOO spindles. The increases for the next year will be nearly as much ; for more of the large companies have finished their works, and the act of complet- ing them will insure an increase of 20 per cent for the ne.xt year too. I would proportion the 400 cotton factories of New England amongst these States, as follows: — 135 for Massachusetts ; 110 for Rhode Island ; 80 for Connecticut ; 30 for New Hampshire: 15 for Maine : 10 for Vermont.! Of the 135 for Massachusetts; 50 are within 25 miles of Z?os/on, say in Norfolk, Middlesex, and Essex counties ; 45 in reach of Narraganset Bay, ' say in Bristol, Plymouth, and Barnstable counties; I 30 in Worcester county ; 15 in Hampden, Hamp- shire, Franklin, and Berkshire counties, neighbor- hood of Connecticut river. The manufacturers of • Rhode Island are in Providence and Kent counties; l those of Connecticut line principally on the coast! side of Connecticut river, in Windham, New! London, Tolland and Hartford counties. There are some, however, up the Housatonic. Those of! New Hampshire lie on the Merrimack and about j Dover, in the counties of Rockingham, Hillsbo- rough, Straftbrd, and Merrimac. The large manufacturing villages or places where much capital is engaged are as follows, and in the following order as to size, viz. Chelmsford, Mass. ; Somersworth, Dover, Dunstable, N. H. ; Pawtucket, R. I. ; Fall River, Blackstono, Mass. ; Slatersville, Taunton, Pawtucket, Kent co. R. I. ; Ware, Waltham, Mass. ; New Ipswich, New Market, N. H. ; Springfield, Lancaster, Mass. ; Norwich, Ct. &c. Very large companies are form- ing to go to work at Saco. Me. and Haverhill, Mass. &c. Calico printing now goes on at Chelms- ford, Tauniun, and Pawtucket. They are pre- paring to print at Ware, Dunstable, Somersworth, Dover, &c. They already print in New England G0,000 yards a week. One third of the manufac- tories of New England, including all the new ones, ■ have tlieir machinery on the best models now us- ed in England ; another third have fair machinery such as is still used in England ; and the other third use machinery which is considered as super- seded, but will adopt the best machinery as fast as they get any new. The new and recent estab- lishments in New England have several little in- ventions of their own that save one third of the work in some processes and which are not yet used in England. The morals of the persons that labor in the factories aie quite equal to those of the agriculturists, and higher toned. They dress more decently ; are more intelligent ; better man- ners ; and the rising generation will be better ed- ucated. Tliey consume twice as much as the same number of fanners. They have raised the char- acter of their occupation by regarding it as above all that is menial. They will nftt associate with colored persons or mere servants, and are reckon- ed every way equal, and more than equal, to the neighboring farmers. They put in Coventry any man or woman who shows any thing dissolute in language or manners, and compel the owner of the factory to discharge such persons immediately, by threatening to leave him, in a body, if he does not. Schools are well organized among them, oh the Monitorial plan. Churclies are regularly built and filled ; anl, in the large villages, lectures are getting up for the laborers, on many of the scienc- es. The owners of these large establishments ex- press their entire confidence, that in 15 years, they will supply the home consumption of all cotton goods fine and coarse, plain, coloured and printed : and I have no doubt of it myself. They say, also, that they will be able to contend with England in any market in the world (tariff aside.) The above is a general view of the manufac- tures of cotton goods in New England, and their prospects. When I get better information of them in other states, I will let you knov/ my estimates for them too. At present I believe there are, in all the other States, 275 cotton factories of the averrige given to those of New-England, which could make the quantity of cotton consumed a- niouiiV to 150,000 bales in the year, to which I think it w ill amount next year without doubt. I will give you some estimates of the prospects of the woollen and iron manufactories in the United States, when I get sulficient data and leisure. — With sentiments of esteem, &,e. [Washington Journal. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRtDAY, DEC. 8, 1826. GOV. LINCOLN'S FARM. We, not long since, took a morning's ramble over the farm of his Excellency Gov. Li.-vcoln, adjoining his seat in Worcester ; and were much gratified as well as intruded by our excursion. — We observed, among other things, an exemplifica- tion of that important fact, viz. that the best soil in Massacluisetts consists, or may consist, of re- claimed upland marshes ; and that the agricultural resources of New England will never be in the highest practicable degree developed till her un- productive, unsightly, and unwholesome swamps are brought under cultivation. The droughts of our soil and climate, according to maxims of plii- losophy, and the records of experience, will be, on an average of seasons, more and more severe as the country is cleared of trees, and laid open to the unobstructed influence of the sun's rays. Dr Deane observed on this subject, '• It is in the pow- er of the farmer in good measure to guard against the ill effects of drought. It is a matter that cer- tainly ought to be attended to in this country, in which almost half our summers are complained of by many, as being very dry. The best method is, to have more of our lowest lands under the best improvement in tillage. If this were the case, we should not so often hear of a scarcity by drought. If it were become customary to plant and sow on drained lands, and in those which are so low and wet as to need laying in ridges, possibly our dry summers *ould be as fruitful, on the whole, as our wet ones. But, as we manage our lands at pres- ent, the case is far otherwise. A great number of people arc always reduced to a distressed condi- tion by a dry summer. And they are too ready to consider the shortness of their crops in a dry year as a divine judgment, though they might have pre- vented it by a more prudent management." We visited Gov. Lincoln's farm the 12th of Oc- tober, and of course before the crops of the latter harvest had been gathered. Every barn, and other leceptacle for farm produce, was however already full to overflowing. Even the floors of the barns were crowded with hay and corn stalks. The lat- ter were of a lively green, liaving been coliectcd as soon as cut, and dried under cover. It sliould t seem that the drought had passed lightly over his i Excellency's land, although it laid a withering hand on most of tho farms in New England. This li was owing to the nature of the soil. In a fiinri oi i more than 300 :icre3, somewhat more thiin lOl), ^ while in its natural state, was, we believe, a ni". ged, barren morass. But, drained and subdued br skill, industry, energy and perseverance, it liud bi come remarkably fertile. The crops on this pi tion of the farm were rather benefitted than injui ed by dry weather ; and probably those on tl higher and drier portions received advantaire fral| the manure obtained from the ditches, knolls, SlB, of the lower part. At any rate the crops wcroe*. cellent, and mostly produced from a tract, whicli, but a few years since, was fit for nothing but,4 habitation for frogs and water-snakes. 1} We have already published in the New EnglajM Farmer, vol. iv. page 180, an extract from the Re- port of a Committee of the Worcester Agricultui- al Society, relative to the improvements whicl distinguish this farm ; it is therefore not necessfc- ry for us to enlarge upon this topic. We think 'jl a fortunate circumstance, that Governor I-i,\coi^ and others whose character and intelligence plaife them in the first rank in society, should take jdfe deserve the lead in that pursuit which is of fl highest importance to the community, and gifl heneficial and indispensable employment to tp greatest number of its members. i .Measures for the relief of Manufacturers of. ff'ool) ."Vt a public meeting held on the 1st ^iiist.l Worce&ter to devise measures for the relief of m( ufacturers of wool, Jas. Draper, Esq. in the Chi Emory Washburn Esq. James Wolcott Jr. and Moses John Brown were appointed a comin! tee to draw up a Memorial to Congress on subject. This Committee presented an able morial, which was adopted at the meeting, James Wolcott Jr. Esq. Capt. J. Southgate, William Lincoln, Esq. were appointed to proci signatures to, and forward it to Congress. iji EOSTO.N MEDIC.IL I .\TE LLIGENCER. We believe that one of the best modes ofguatS* ing against the niiscliief of quackery may be founi in the diffusing of such a degree of knowledge. a- raong the people at large,that tliey may be able to detect medical impostors. Another advantage tote derived from such knowledge,consists in its havlBjf a tendency to check the presumptuous and hazal^- ous practice of those who, without medical skill, sre too ready to undertake, in dangerous coB- plaints, to dodor themselves, their families, or it- pendents. Such people take medicine when thSjT should take advice. By reading a well conduclxd medical journal they :nay gain knowledge enougi to be sensible of their ignorance, or at least oftte limited extent of their information with regard io the healing art. Tiiey may obtain such an insiglt into the human frame as to have a realizing seil|K> of its being " fearfully and wonderfully made,"alrfi not to be tampered with, with impunity. MoM- over, such a publication may furnish such inforti-l y ation as often to enable intelligent readers to tM ^| ticipate and counteract the causes of diseases, aBdJ |^ supersede the necessity of " sending for the doc- tor" for every slight complaint, or imaginary ail- ment. Every housekeeper, male or female shouM know somcthinof of the safest and most eliicieDt^ f( remedies for every day complaints ; and likewMe* W \ .>1. v.— No. -iO. NKW ENGLAND FAIiVIER. 1.39 Cr mill know enough of the symptoms of dangerous jrdors, to recognise tlicm on their appearance t tlie pliysician may be summoneil in season, ntertaining snch sentiments, we are happy to Iceive that " The Buston .Medirat Inlelli^tncer ' assiimeil a new garb, is enlarged and ably iiiuctod by JoH.N G. Cokki>, M. D. This gen uan lias been favourably known to the publii several scientific works on medical subjects, tetios. &c. ; and the manner in which ho has lerto conducted the Medical Intelligencer, will arc conlident, exten;! the sphere of his utility : wisli success to his labors in the " art of pre ving and restoring Ilealtli," without which there o e'lch thins as enjoyn'.ent or even comfort in s \vorld, and life itself becomes " a burthen too ous to be borne." RVE. I'he English and some American agricultural iters, represent that but little rye is raised in w England, anl th.it the common bread of the labitants is made of In^'ian corn. These state- nts may be true in regard to some towns anil unties, but are very erroneous in respect to many tensive districts. If we do not err, the (|iiantily rye produced in New England is sufficient to nish bread for more than tivo-thirds of the pop- ition. In the old county of Hampshire rye is tensively, cultivated, and after supplying- the iu- bitants, a large surplus is left for the distilleries exportation. Our estimito may be wrong, but '. conclude that the gin-distilleries in South Had V, Granby, Springfield, Westfield, &c. consume nually more than ]00,()00 bushels of rye, the oduce of the old county, and large quantities of rn. The prices of grain are regulated chiefly the distilleries, though the markets of N. York d Boston cannot fail to have an influence upon ices here. Rye commonly bears a higher ^ce this part of the country than wheat in the west- n part of New York, and is, perhaps, more ex- nsive to the cultivator. We are told that the dustrious farmers of Granby raise more grain an those of any other town in the present coun- of Hampshire. Of the rye produced in the old county, a great irtion is raised on the sandy alluvions of the Con- cticiit vally, commonly denominated pine plains. heae plains, varying in breadth, extend nearly rough the State from north to south on both desofthe Connecticut, and with those on the ibutary streams, probably cover one-eight part of e three counties. The crops of rye on these ains sometimes rise to 15 or Iti bushels, but do >t average over 8 or 9 bushels to the acre. Corn also cultivated on these sandy soils to some ex- nt ; the average crop is not over \!i or 18 bush- s. The crops are light, but it should be consid- red that the labor and expences are also light. [Hamp. Gaz.] Morality of the Parisians During seven years •om 1818 to 1825,the number of childien in Paris •as 180,180,of whom 54,554 were illegitimate, and 9,503 were deserted by their parents. Ten per ent. of the children born in Paris come into the orld in tlie hospitals, and .37 per cent.of the deaths ccur in the same abodes of wretchedness. tober last, and h;ul jix growths of apples, as many of my neighhors will attest to. The first growth came to maturity like my other apples ; llie other growths had no seeds in them, biit grew as fast as other apples." [Hamp. Gaz.] Cannls. — The Hudson and Delaware Canal is now lit for use ; it was commenced in July 1625, and measures G7 miles in length ; it is 3(i feet wide, draws four feet water, and its locks are 7(i feet by 9. It has a towing walk the whole length, md an aqueduct across the river Rondout. This despatch is unparalleled in our country. Coal Dust. — A correspondent of the Boston Cou- rier states that this article, commonly considered worthless, may be converted to profit. In England he says, the cinders and ashes from coals are us- ed for burning bricks, and are better for that pur- pose than coal. The steam boat Chancellor Livingston, wliich nine years ago cost $12.5,000, and is now in good order, and may run several j'ears longer, was lately sold by auction in the city of New York, Tor.'? 11,9.50. It is estimated that there are 15,000,000 sheep in the United States. Improved Ulmk Ink I'oicdtr and lAquid Ink. SAMl'i:!, KlbuKIl ii CO. iManuractiire Black Ink I'owder anil l.iquia Clack 'Ink ol an iniprovtd tinalily. For more than twenty year?, S. Kidder has been engaged in the matuifactiiie of Ink Powder, and has during that period devoteil his attention to the im- ( proTement ol' the composition. 'I'he arlicU; now of- I lered (he. public, is warranted equal to any in the I country. Its peculiarili( s are, a permanent black, without the usual glutinous properties which prevent the e;isy flow of the Ink from the pen. I It is deemed unnecessary to assert any thin» further ! in favour of the above named article, but respectfully refer to the annexed certificate. The Ink made by Messrs. Samuel Kiddkr fc Co. we consider uncommonly good, and at least equal to anywhich we have ever used. Samuel Paysun, Cashier Mass. Bank. Chester Adams, ' Union ' Charles Hood, ' Com'wcallh ' John S. Wright, ' -American Chas. Sprague, ' Globe ' 1). A. Sigouniey, ' Washington ' Curdon Steele, ' North Henry Jaques, ' Bunker Hill ' Martin Lane, ' Cambridge ' Boston., July, IS'26. [C^Kor s-ale, wholesale and retail, by the froprietors, under Washington Hall, Charlcstown, Mass. and by appointment, by .lOSKPH KIDDER, 70, Court-street, Boston. oct 27. It is proposed to raise by lottery in Georgia 1^15,000, to erect monuments to the memory of Greene and Pulaski, heroes of the revolution. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. The Government of Chili has appointed a Min- ister to the Unitei: States. Power and Wealth, like male aad female, will .*inu a way to come together. Wealth will court Power, or Power will demand Wealth. When sir W. Curtis heard that sir W. Kingston an accoucheur, that is man-midwife) was about to be made a peer he observed that Sir W's title ought to be '■Lord deliver ««.' Remedies. — For the g'oui, toast and water; for bile, exercise ; for corns, easy shoes; for rheuma- tism, new flannel and patience ; for the tooth-ache, pluck it out ; and for love, matrimony. Agricultural Society. Tlie Members of the Worcester Agricultural Society, are hereby notified, that a Meeting o' said Society will be holden at Thomas's Coffee House, in Worcester on Wednesday IS inst. at 11 o'clock before noon. A general and punctual at- tendencc is requested, as a very important subject will come before the Meeting. By order of the President, Wh. D. WHEELER, Rec. Sec'y. Dec. 0. Farmer^ s Almanacks. JUST received a supply of the Genuine Farmers Almanacks, by Robert B. Thomas Esq. for sale in large or small quantities at the lowest prices — Also just re- ved, a fresh supply of Stationery — Paper — Faney Goods — Account Books — School Books and every ar- ticle pertaining to the stationery line, which includes reat a variety antl as good an assortment as can be found in any store in thisCily — wholesale and Retail by JOHN M\RSH, No's 96 & 98 Slate street. Strange Apple Tree. — Mr Sylvanus Harris, Jr. of ^ernon, Vt, publishes the following in the Brattle- oro' paper — " I have an apple tree that blossom- d in May, June, July, August, September and Oc- Bremen Geese and Merino Sheep. JOHN PERRY has lor sale 2 pair of (hose celebrated geese. Ten Full blood Merino Rams and 30 full blood Ewes. The Ewes have been with two Saxony Bucks. Apply at No. 2 Rowes Wharf. Oct. 26. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, Ist sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new CHEESE, sew milk, - - - . skimmed milk, - - FUJJC ^ FLAX SP'.El) FLOUR, Haltimore, Howard St Genesee, . - _ Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - - - - Barley - . - - Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No L Inspection - - LI.ME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Norther PLAISTER PARIS retails at ' PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. I Cargo, No 1, do. - - i SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - - - - - WOOL, Merino, full hlood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISIOJf MARKET. BEEh', best pieces - . . - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, - - - - . BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, ---'.-.- MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - Indian, do. - . - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - FROM bbl 1 50 ton. 85 00 105 00 bush 1 50 bbl. 8 25 6 25 5 00 lb. 14 7 3 10 lush 90 M. 5 87 5 75 3 25 bush 86 84 1 00 53 lb. n cask 87 ?al. 75 on. 2 50 bbl. 12 00 bush lb. TO X). 2 00 87 00 110 00 1 60 8 50 6 50 5 50 16 9 5 11 I 00 6 00 6 00 3 60 90 87 1 10 55 10 2 62 12 5« 9 50; 10 00 9 00 9 25 2 50 3 00 1 12 17 18 ** 20 90 1 00 90 1 00 50 1 40 160 NEW E1\GLA?EN, Editor. No. 21, AGiUClLTUKE. Jf'ar from IJonci/ Combs , father to cut uown a cliesiiut troe, wliich was I Moik cfer!,-.. I -onvcitea into ahinglos, ana ubgU in coveiinn- a Have on th:! rip an open vessel of I v ' f Vom Memoirs of Iht .V. 1'. Board of .igricuUvn \ ^»'"- Tl.irty years atlcrvvanls, he cut ,ioun one an,l stan.Iing l.y the fire an o.'ien voJTnl^'^A . . ol three sprouts wliich l?A started up from the ter ; pi.t the c«n,b close tied in i cnnv„»i.„-f' fXPERIMENTS IN PLANTING CHESNUTS>tun,p of the old tree, and ..!,t.incd frolnit shing- 1 the biilinff water, and repeatedly squeeze if down ' ' ' "ith 1 sticl£ or larrre wooden spoon ; the wax will FOR FENCING TIMBER. jles to replace the old ones wliich had been laid .'esse Blel, Ksij. — In compliance with the re- ">''*>' years before on the barn. uo;t in your circular, I send you a detail of e.\- j I" the interior of Pennsylvania, extensive tracts eriuients which I have made in planting ches- i "^ devoted to the growth of chesnnt timber, in Its. • j the vicinity of forjrcs and other iron works ; and I live in a country where fencing- materials are fi's timber is cutotfat intervals of «u7ee« i/cara iely to hecoroe very scarce, at no great distancte Ui<' converted into charcoal. What stronger f tii;.e, as we have no waste land unfit for cul- |fvidencc do we want of the value of this woodTor vation. Influenced by a desire to do something i ^^ the economy of making plantations of it in ;ir posterity, I determined to plant a field of ches- j time upoi' light or waste lands .- uts. Accordingly, in tiie fall of If'l, I procured i I" 'I'S propagation of forest trees by seeds, the bout a peck of nuts, and ktpt them very choice 1 1'*''''"' process by which they are produced will ntil the setting in of v, inter, for fear of their ; 'c our best guide. Some seeds become rancid, eing destroyed by the mice and other vermin. In {'^''thout great care, almost as soon as they full )eceniber, I planted them four feet apart each;^om the parent stock. Such is tlie case with the ;iy : but not one of the seed came up. seeds of several kinds of the magnolia. T^'ie Deteiuiined to persev2re, in the fall of 182i', 1 i''"ly ^vay in which these can be preserved, "6 are btnined about the same quantity of nuts, and im- a'lvised by Michau.'c, is, as soon as they ^le gath- leci lately planted them about four feet apart, «■, e''ed, and before the pulp which .■ sufficient to drive them from any place to which it is desired to prevent their access. (Repertory of Arts. to most crops, and to all the varieties of soil." Encyclopedia of .Igricultin r. REMARKS. With regard to "age adding considerably to the efficacy" of this sort of manure, we pfceive there exists a difference of oj.inion. Sir Humphry 'Davy says " During the putrefaction of urine the great- est part of the soluble animal matter that it con- tains is destroyed ; it should consequently le vsed as fresh as possible ; but if not mixed with solid matter, it should be diluted with water, as when pure it contains too large a quantity of animal matter to form a proper fluid nourishment for ab- sorption by the roots of plants. " Putrid urine," however, continues Sir Humphry, " abounds in am- moniacal salts ; and though less active than fresh urine, is a very powerful manure." Cow Keeping. In Holland the food for one cow in winter for twenty-four hours, is straw, eighteen pounds ; tur- nips, sixty pounds. Some fanners boil the turnips for them ; others give them law, chopping them with the spade ; one or other operations is neces- sary to obviate the risk of the animal being chok- ed, where the turnips, which is usually the case in Flanders, are of too small a she. In lieu of tur- nips, potatoes, carrots, and grains, are occasional- ly piven ; bean-straw likewise, and uniformly a whUe drink, prepared both for cows and horses, and consisting of water in wliich some oilcake has 162 NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. De 15. IK^C been dissolved, and vvliilened with rye-incal, oat- meal, or the Hower of buckwheat. Dutch Dairies. For the sake of cleanliness, the tails of the cows are tied to the roof of the cow house with a cord during the time of milking. The cow-liouses both in Flanders and Holland are kept remarkably clean and warm ; so much so that a gentleman ".spoke" to Redcliff "of having drank coffee witli a cow- keeper intlie general stable in winter, without the annoyance of cold, dirt, or any offimsive smell." — The Dutch are particularly averse in unfolding the secrets of their dairy management, and not- withstanding tiie pointed queries l)f .Sir John Sin- clair on the subject, no satisfactory idea was giv- en him of their mode of manufacturing butter or cheese. Loudon. Of the general piincipksofrearingManaging and feeding domestic animab. Immediately after the birth of evdry animal, ev- en of such as are domesticated, thd rudiments of its education, as well as its bodily nfurishrnent, are inlbrms us, at an advanced perio 1 of life, not only conquered a vicious restive horse, but, without the I assistance of either grooms or jockies, taught Ihi; persuaded tiiat it enriches the u round for 'tin; ioU lowing crop of grain ; so that 1 now raise gr'saj and even wheat, from -ground which would beaa^ horse to obe/ his verbal order.- witli as great at- 1 nothing more than pasture and rye previous to th^"" •^ ■ ' use of plaster. JAMES PERRV. -** Orangetrjwn, May J4, 1824. tention as the most accomplished animal that was ever educated at' Astley's school. Bakewell was_, accustomed to say, that his horse could do every c, /- r • -or r ^T j- ■ ,. , , %,,, ., ] u- 1 1 „ ,„.\. ,-\ The Benefit of ijxems-, in Fi-ejerence of .Vcdici thing but speak. The method which he took to,-". _. -' .''_. ' ... .-'.., -> ... conquer this vicious aniinal was never told,cven to his own domestics. He ordered his own saddle and bridle to be put on the horse, which at that time was thought to be ungovernable, when he was n Chronic Diseases, illustrated by an Mlcgora Extracted from, a Publication on Temperance ani Exerrise, ascribed to Dr. Rush. ; In the island of Ceylon, in the Indian ocean, i i P"! ....^prenared for a journey of two or three hun- . number of invalids were assembled together, whi dred miles ; and, that no one might be witness to were afflicted with most of the chronic diseases t ii=. the contest, he led the horse till he w^s beyond i which the human body is subject. In the midst o * the reach of oliservation ; how far he walked, or thein sat several venerable figures, who amuse « in what manner this great business was accoiii- 1 tjhem with encomiums upon some medicines, whioi l»' plished, was never known ; but when he returned! they assured them would afford infallible relief i4|l'« from his journey ,the horse was as gentle as a lams , all case.s. One boasted of an elixir— another of and would obey his master's verbal orders on a)l occasions. When what are called irrational anj- mals are taught such strict obedience to tlie coni mand of a superior order, it is in gereral supposel to be the effect of fear ; but Bakewell never madf necessarily given by the mother. I^r tliis purpose : use of wip or spur. When on horseback he had powder, brought from America — a third of a med icinc invented and prepared in CJeriuany ; all < whii-h, they said, were ceitain antidotes to th gout — a fourth, cried up a nostrum for the vd pours — a fifth, drops for the gravel — i sixtli, i balsain, prepared from honey, as a sovereign reme the latter sh"ould, during her prognarty, have been ^frong wa^lking'-stick in his hand, wliich he mad^'i Jyt'or a consumption— a seventh, a pill for culan ^ daily protected against all extremes of temperature I the Tiost use of when on foot; he always rode "OiJs eruptions— while an eighth cried down tlii well provided with shade and shelter, and abund- ] with a ^Uck rein, which he fre(iuently let lie up- 1 whole, and extolled a mineral water, which lay *t antly supplied with food and water. When the | on the hoi„.'., neck, and so great was his objeo-!f«w miles from the place where they were as^ period of gestation arrives, she should, in general, I tion to spurs, 'jjat \^e never wore them. It was' ^"'"'''ed. The credulous multitude partook eager,'; also be separated from the rest of the flock or herd, j hig opinion that ai sucli animals might be conquer- 'V °' these medicines, but without any relief o^ and by whatever means the case may demand, kept g^ jjy gentle means : ^nj gm-j, wasliis knowledge ! P^''' respective complaints. Several of tliose win comfortable and tranquil. of animal nature, that hv <,eldom failed in his opin- ' na''^ use of the antidotes to the gout, were hui' After the birth, the first interference on the hon, whether his attention ,,jjg jj^.g^t^j jg [jjg I,q_ tied suddenly out of the world. Some said thi ' part of man should be that of supplying the mother I jy or the mind." — -^g'- ^^^^- mge 127. | Medicines were adulterated ; others that with food of a light and delicate quality, compared — — — doctors had mistaken their disorders ; whilst m'. to that which she had been in the habit of using. From Memoirs of the X. Y. Board 1-7 Agriculture. [ 6f them agreed, that they were much worse thi and also of administering the same description on j ^ver. While they were all with one accord, g\\ food to the offsprmg, so far as it may bv its n-lure ON THE TIMES OF PLANTING ANL.„Qyy_ -^^^ ^^.^^ ^^ ^^^.^^ manner to Uie transports of disai be able to use it. Th^ gentlest treatment sl.°"" ING, AND THE USE OF G\PSUM. .„;„,„,„.., „nri ,.„.-„fi^n. a clap of thunder w. rn.. /r f<.maiMri in^ hnfr, V R."^' "'" ""-"-'"""ty Jesse Bijft v.^q.— a-st-— "c lo your request, heard over their heads. Upon looking ud a liffl ^:LX^r::^ci:Xz:::. t^:::^,^it ^" ""^'" " '°" '""'''' °'''' of Ma^h .as .en .„ ti. sky. m thi mmst of t^his^a;;? W familiar treatment on the part of the attend- j I ,0 not know that any thing new has of late 1 It Sr^ndlZ:;?? hfr :ZJ^2'::^ i. , • ,„■„ • • , K'''''^" ""'''^'' "'y "°'"^®' '" ^"y '"■^"'^h of husband- driven snow; a robv hue tintred hpr rhooL-. K». As the amma.s increase in size and strength,they ' ry or farming. I shall, however, give you a brief lair hun^ loose over her shoulders • her fl" ' should have abundance of air, exercise, and food, , statement of the methods I pursue in farming. obes drsclosefa slle which wo 1 d' h^Jp 7 according t^ their natures : and whatever is at ; j?io.. „.,i , 1 n i, , ^ ,• ,,""'-'■'"''''" =^ snape, wnicli would have casta tempted T^ man in the wa^ of tan^ng or tea hint ' JHv Corn T 1 1 TlV7n.u 7V^' ''^."'^ ^^t °" '^' ^'='*"'= °'' ^'^^""^ °^ ^"^'"^^'- I" ^er shoi^d Pe conducted on m.ld and roncilktinTo in° ' rl± T ^r , ru^^' ^^' '"}' '""'' '^' '^'^''^ " ''°^^ "^ evergreen ; m her ciple., rather than on those LriTr rnefs'^and Trl. ! T"' ^'^'^'"g 't. -^ as follows :_ As 3ft hand she had a scroll of parchm'ent. She de- compulsion. Caresses,or familiar treatment shouU ,fi, f ""'.^''''^°" ";>" Pf"?"' ^ "■•"."? J^e sod, cended slowly, and stood erect upon the earth ; genLllybeaccompanedbysmal s'pplTesS f, ' T h""""" , r'". ^""^ <^°': P'^"" - Axed her eyes which sparkled with life, upon a% least at first, as an in/uceJnZreJ^ it Z^^^ the ground ; and Uc deluded and afflicted company. There was a mbuttermilk, and rolling It in plaster, I plant it. : nee. She stretched forth her right hand, and 1 plough and hoe It as often as is necessary to | -ith a voice which was sweeter than melody it- loosen the ground and destroy weeds, and seldom'-" -■-- -^' ' ■ • . -- •' fail of raising a good crop. Potatoes I plant about the 2.5th of May. Rye animal submissive to them ; afterwards habit wi,. even in the inferior creation, render the fiimiliari- ties of man agreeable to thein for their own sake ; but even then, to keep up this feeling, small por- tions of select food should frequently be employed ^L:|gtt^h^^^^^^^^ evTd'ent ''^" °' ^'^^ '"™^^ """'' "'" "^ I '" ^^e above method of farming, which I have Interest is the grand mover of animals, as well i e^ror"' '" """' '""' ' ^"""""^ '"" ''^"^ as man. In taming by fear, all the interest which ! modes the animal has, is the avoiding an evil ; in taming ' by caresses and food, it is the attainment of en- ,„''"'" „!.^!."''^!' I '^'■"P^ ''""^ "'y neighbors, who pursue different joyment. The most extraordinary results are re- corded as having been obti.ined by the mild mode with almost every species of animal on which it has been tried ; to this may be advantageously .loined, in the more powerful animals, hunger and tatigue. -The br^der Bakewell, surgeon Hant The greatest improvement, however, that I have experienced, is the use of plaster and clover. In the spring of each year, I sow about 7 lbs of clo- ver seed to an acre, on my winter grain. The spring following, I sow two or three bushels of ground plaster to an, acre of that ground. This has seldom or never failed of yielding not? only a good crop of grass for the scytlie, but I am fully If, she addressed them in the following lan- juage : " Ye children of men, listen for a while t» the voice of instruction ; you seek health where I is not to be found. The boasted specifics you have ben using, have no virtues. Even the persons vho gave them, labour under many of the disor- drs they attempt to cure. My name is Hygeia; I ireside over the health of mankind. Discard all yur medicines, and seek relief from temper^ ate and exercise alone. Every thing you se is active around you. AJi the brute an- iuils in nature are active in their instinctive pur- suts. Inanimate nature is active too ; air, fire, art water are always in motion. Unless this were thi c;se, tliey would be unfit for the purposes for whch they were designed, in the economy of naure. Shun sloth ; this unhinges all the springs Vol.V No.lil. NEW ENGLAND FAIJMEU. lo. f'ly from your diseases : tliey Will not, tlie iii:i:iy accidents owiny lo the pn-posteioiis cus- ley cannot pursue you." Here she ended: she tomsofopen fire places, and muslin dresses in oppeJ the parchment upon the earth ; a cloud winter — T. C Domestic EncychpeJia. coived her, and she immediately ascended, and ^___ isappeared from their siglit. A silence ensued, Every attentive observer will remark anion"- lore e:" ""' be done gathering corn to select their ov appeared in each of their countenances. One i'^®^" 'l"^- It 'las long been the judicious prac- nd renewed his youth : another had recovered if '^'^ °*^ "^"^ f'*™*'"'^ ^^■"'''" '">' "^"o^^'-e dge, to se- he use of his limbs : a third who had been hdf i ''-''^' ^^^" ^^^'^ ^^o""" ^'^"" "'C '^«'st bearing stalks 1G8 From the American Farmer. ON THE SELECTION OF SEED CORN. Dear Sir, — Now is the time for those who ent for many years, now walked upright ; a biirth began to sing some jovial song without be- asked ; a fifth could talk for hours together lithout being interrupted with a couah; in a word, >■ all now enjoyed a complete recovery of their lealth. They joined in olVering sacrifices lo lygeia ; temples v.ere erected to her memory. I -Many other farmers consider this practice as idle, I and some sneer at it ; but they only betray their own want of observation ; every attentive gar- dener is well aware of the advantage of selecting the best seeds — and how many fiirmers are con jstantlyin quest of the best variety of wheat— Now, of all the grains we know of, corn mixes it: nd%he continues to this day to be worshipped Iv ! '!'"''^ '""' "'^ greatest facility. The natural ef dl the inhabitants of that island. ' j ^."f .°"'""" '^' '*''" "'"^ varieties of corn arc ahuost , I innnite — and hence the need for selecting voiir BURNS AND SCALDS. pt=«' corn is vastly greater, and more palpably Apply oil of turpentine frequently and cover I ™a"''est, than for s. Iccting any other seed gr;.in. hem from the air with carded cotton ; or apply Those who sneer pt a farmer for seleciiuj; his logs lard or soft pomatum ini.\ed up with wiiite 'seed corn, must be under thf; impression, that the ead. Or take of caniphorateil spirits two drachms, ; '=°''" '" t^h^ field is all preci.;tly the same kind, and jioulard's extract one drachm, and a pint of watei. , th^' O"^ stalk's bearing three oars, another two The mixture to be made in the order in whicli the}' and a third but one, is the more eflcct of accident ire set ■jown,otherwise tue camphor will separate The application to be rencved till the pain and iij. But this cannot be the fact. In passing through a poor part of my field the other ('ay, I was struck bmmation subside j the wound may then be dres-P*'''-'' '^ stalk, and upon e:..:mination fot:nd five good ;ed with white cerate. Tlie following directions are recommended in ears on it. I looked to the next hill — there were I two stalks — one had one car, the '-•t'ner none. I rases of the burning of females, by their clothes j examined many hills round — I found most of the laving caught Sre. If no person is present to as-i^'^^'l^'s '^''''h one good ear, several with two, and fi t her, she may relie\e herself by throwing her °"e or two with three : but this «ii,gle stalk, tho' clothes over her hcad,an- iicing down and rolling I "°t larger, had more cars on it than any iuU nenr pon [hem. She must by no means run away.and i'- where there \\ ao either one, or two or three iame always tendiug upwards, much ofthemis- :hief .-ill be prevented if a person in that unfortu- v.ic )i..^ia'.ion will throw herself on the ground, f r oc^ible rull about h"r a csii.et, hearth-rug, &c. f another person bo present, Mien, without any re- jard fo delicacy, such person should instajitly pass Jie hand un^^er all the clotjies to the lowest gar- ner*..- ud raise the whole together,and close them .stalks in the hill. Now, sir, this could notbe the enect cf accident : it must be the effect of his crop. The second year the increase from the second selection was not so manifest, nor so great; but his crop still improved : and when he went in- to his field to gatlrer his seed, after three years previous careful selection, lie asserted to me, that lie found Diore stalks beariug three ears than he could find uf Bialks bearing two ears the first season he began to make the selection. CORNUCOPIA. EdiMo Island, S. C. J\/ov. 20, 182(). Dfar Sir — It will bo recollected, that last year I addressed you on the relative value of seed from the butt end, middle, and point, or sitiall end, of corn. You will also remember, that the result of my experiment seemed to indicate the superior productiveness of the grains from the point. I have since tested the experiment on a larger scale. I selected three contiguous acres of poor land, and planted every alternate half acre with seed from the three artificial divisions of the ear. When the crop was harvested, the product of each acre, on measurement, was found to be as follows, viz, B. P. q. Point, or small end, - 8 3 2 Middle, - - ]0 1 FARMER. Dec. 15, ir^t;. CASHMElli: GOATS I V I'RA.NfE. M. Tliaer lias lately published an article in a German journal, relative to the Cashmere Goats, ""■ , , ,1 so called, which have been naturulued in France. The Bulletin for July last gives from the Journal \ ,^^ „,.„„,„ ,,,„, „„,„. iilged Translalinns from the Bulletin das Sci- ences,— -for the Hampshire Gaziik. SWISS CATTLE SHOW. de Gcnei/-e an account of the fourth annual cattle He asserts that, notwithstanding all the pompous Mticles that have filled the pases of the French produced happy effects upon the breeds of animal; increased the agricultural products of the country and elevated the character of the Swiss farmers gives the following history of the introduction of these animals into France. A few years since M Jaubei-t set out for Tibet for the purpose of obtain At these exhibitions, says the Journal, '■ the ag- . .^^ ^ certain number of goats, but having arrived iculturists see each other, converse to;^ctaer,^and | ^j^c^j^.tantinople, he was convinced that he should form connexions ; the premiums are given publicly 10 those to whom they have been awiiraed, they are conducted to a feast where they are seated next expose himself to many dangers in attempting to reach Tibet, and he loarnt that- he could easily base goats among the Kirghis and Tartars.- WOOL. At a meeting in Northampton of persons int.er-i ested in woollen manufactures and the production of wool, at which Mark Doolittle, Esq. presided, committee of persons from fifteen towns in that v{| cinity was appointed to report as to the proprietj of establishing a Society in the county of Harapl shir^ forjthe production of the growing of woolj and to propose a plan for its regulation. Tha meeting was addre-^sed by Col. Shepherd, Mr Tap pan, xMr Lyman, Mr Mack, Mr Strong and Ml Wells, on the importance of sustaining and proj tectiug ouif manufacturing establishments their effect in advancing not only th.e interest ofthl wool grower and farmer, but also the general proa perily of the country. The meeting stands a journed to Friday, 15th December; at 10 A. M. pure to the magistrates, and their healths are toaste,L"l ^.y^'j^the Information he obtained, he was induced The Journal remarks that nothing is more diffi- j ^^ ^^^j.^^.'^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^j. t^g Kirghis and Tar- ° i tars were of the same species as those of Tibet,, i not considering that there is a distance of 000 cult tlian to change the habits of the cultiv.itors the soil, and, in proof of this, says thit in a groat portion of the country the peasants still make "sc of the Roman plough, constructed as it was IBOOj years ago. In the canton of Geneva, \iowevcr, the Belgic plough has been generally adopted, through the exertions of the agricultural .society. TIME OF HAKVF.STING RYE AND WHEAT. Professor Schoen, of Wurtemburg, says rye and wheat should attain to perfect maturity, if they are intended for seed ; but if they are to be converted into flour, it is advantageous to gather the crop 8 or 9 days before it is completely ripe. The proper time to harvest it is when the grains, pressed be- tween the fingers, offer a gluey mass. The flour obtained from this grain is whiter and more abun- dant than that which comes from grain fully ripe. In Germany and Bohemia tiie flour from grain that is gathered some days before it is ripe, is much sought after, and always sells higher tlma any other. IMOCUL ATI.NG SHEEl". M. Camile Cambon of Montpelier in France, had two flocks of sheep, one of 4.51 and the other of 311 animals. In November 18'23, the scab (or the small pox of sheep) appeared in both flocks, and of 80 which were attacked by the disease, 50 died in a few daj^s. All those remaining, 682, were sub- mitted to the operation of inoculation, and only one perished. Some time after, the distemper was discovered among his lambs ; 12 died in a short time, and all the others, 2K) in number, were inoc- ulated. Of these 43 died of the natural scab hc- A PROFITABLE WIFE. We are informed that tliere is a farmer in th' town B , in Hampden county, who keeps twent; four cows, and makes great quantities of bulti — - u , , and cheese, with no hel]) in his dairy but his wifi leagues between these countries. He purchasec al jj^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^,^.|j^.^^^^ and hires no labor except ii great number of these Kirghis =i'd -1 artar goats,! j^^ ^.^^^^ ^j. . ^,^^j_ during that busy seasa! put them on board of vessels, and they arrived in( ^^.^ ^^,.^.^ ^_.j^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^, - France, under the name of Cashmere goals. M.I Habrieder, a gentleman who resided some years at Astrachan °on the Caspian Sea, wrote to M. Thaer, that he >vas astonished to see M. Jaubert sending to Franco the miserable Kirghis goats, which cost in the country less than 25 cents per head. The Kirghis and Tartars comb their goats and get some very fine down which they make into cloth, but "it is probable,'' says M. Thaer, " that our goats would offer the same advantages." It is d°that the English East India Company have from the pasture milks them all herself, makes the cheese, takel care of one or two tons of cheese, on the shelvea and does the cooking, washing, and other v;;or| of the family. . [Hanin. Gaz.] several times attempted to introduce the goats of Tibet into their possessions adjoining that country I HISTORY OF SILK. iWc learn from Alexander's History of womell that silk worms were introduced into Constantino pic from Cerinda, in the East-Indies, in the yea 555, by two monks, by whose judicious manage input, they soon multiplied to such a degree thd nianufactures of Silk were erected at Constanti nople, at Athens, at Thebes, and at Corinth. but have never been able to obtain them from the Lj-,e year n:!U, Roger, King of Sicily, broug: grand Lama. ! manufacturers of silk from Greece, and s(^ttl ■riEET. The Bulletin -notices a description of Tibet by a Chinese Geographer ; also the journal of Miri/- them at Palermo, where they taught the Sicilian the a^tof propagating the silk-worms, and spinning and weaving the silk. From Sicily, the zet Ullah, a Mahometan, who had travelled in that irt extended over all Italy — and from thoniC to country. Mirizzet confirms the accounts of form- Spain, and from thence to the south of Frniii i er travellers, in respect to a very singular cus- In the~ year 1280, the ladies of some noMr . torn which prevails in some parts of Tibet. Ho lirst appeared in silk mantles, at a splendid bail says that several brothers have hut one wife a- mong them, and that the children are all maintain- ed by the eldest brother. The lands all belong to the eldest, and he can even dispossess his own father. This practice is attributed to the barren- ness of the soil. The wool or down of which the fore the inoculated virus tool; effect : all the otii- ' Cashmere Shawls are made is produced in Tibet, ers were saved. The virus was inserted on the ' and 800 horse loads are annually exported to inside of the thigh of the wethers, and the inside \ Cashmere. The cows of Tibet have long, thick of the fore leg of the ewes. Q,uere — Is the disease noticed above (called by the French clavean or clavelec) the same as the scab which attacks our flocks in New England ? wool,. It appears that for some years past more atten- tion has been paid to the form and sii'.o of the ani- mals than to the fineness of the wool of the cele- brated Rambonillet flock in France, and the con- sequence is that the wool is worth only 2i francs the killogram (about 21 cents per pound.) In- deed the price of wool in Prance is generally 40 or 50 per cent, lower than it was in 1825. Many Frenclx proprietors have the wool of 1825 on hand, which they would be glad to sell for (iboijt hall the price they refused last year. tails similar to those of horses. In the province of Lassa there are full grown hogs which weigh only one poand and a half ; The Tibetians are a mild people, and there arc but few robberies or murders among them. They are very tolerate, and intermarry with the Mahometans without any difficulty. They generally burn their dead, but at Lassa, the seat of the grand lama, they bury them. Tibet contains a vast number ef temples, and the state supports more than 84,000 lamas or priests, who are not allowed to marry. In the first month of the year all the lamas assemble in tho city of Lassa for the service of the great tem- ple. The people give themselves up blindly to the direction of the lamas, and reverence the grand la- ma as a god and sovereign. England. The same year that New-England was settled by the Pilgrims, the art of weaving silk was introduced info England ; and in I71!i, l.om- be's machine for throwing silk, was erected at Derby — a piece of mechanism which contained 28,586 wheels, the whole put in motion by one wheel turned by water. The first pair of silk stockings seen in England, as history repui' .;. was presented to Edward VI. about the mir! ■ t the 10th century. [N. Hamp. Statcsinuii YEAST AS A MANURE. It is not generally known that this is one oi the most powerful manures in existence. From expe- riments tried with grass plots, and different culi- nary vegetables, it appears that a very small quan- tity of yeast, after it has become putrid and usC' less to the brewer or baker, will effect wonders when mixed with water and applied to plants as liquid manure : the only danger seems to be in making it too rich. It is recommended to be tried on pines, vines, Brassica family, especially cauli- flowers, and the potatoe, as a pickle for wheat and other seeds, and for watering new sown turnips and similar oleaginous seeds. — U. S. Gazette. Vol.V No.-:il. NEW ENGLAIND FAR^fEK. tii'i STEAM POWIill IN KNd'LAND. tlicy liavo nppcaicil cMictly nt tuolvc, an.', ul lljis There aro now in Kiigluiul lo.lHH) steam engines time only hiive we succeeded in tukin-j tliem alive, work, some of almost imrcdible power ; in which is easily done by intercepting their pro- oruwall there is one of (iOO horse power. Tak- frress with a spado, broiid knife blade, &c. and it for granted, that on an average these en- throwing thein on tlie surfaci.\ Tlieso animals 'lo nes are each of 25 horse power, this would be not appear to be well suited for livinj in the [ual to 375,01)0 horses. According to Mr Watt's open air, especially if it bo somewhat cool ; for, Iculation, 5i nien are equal to the power of a alter being a few minutes exposed, we have al- rse ; we have thus, therefore, a power, through v.ays obsi"rved|^ein lo shiver, as if from the change L' medium of steam engines, equal to near two of temperature. illi. ns of men. Each horse,for his keepin.j- yearly That an nnimal of this kind should be domesti- qiiires the product of two acres of land, and ihiis cated with facility, would seem hardly possible, lO.tllU) acres arc at thev husband ought to insist upon, fol'ow- bv his wife. There is no uneasiness, like tiiose lich are the consequence of"economy neglected, here there is no cook or housekeeper, the mis- ss of the family ought to see that the plenty of r own table is used but not abused, by the waste the servants in the kitchen : and in particular, insist upon seeing the dishes jeiiiaiuing ol' the v preceding, placed before her eyes every morn- , for hashes, stews, ragouts, fricasees, &c. Dr. T. Cooper. lightning was communi .ated. Stantly krlleO,aiUl Uic curvlv ed, but not materially hurt. Mr Armes was in- /■,\a severely alinck- State of Education in the Middle .iges. — In the year ]:340, there were thirty thousand students in in the university at Oxford. In the same century, ten thousand persons voted in a question agitated in the University at Paris ; and as graduates alone were admitted to that privilege, the number of students must have been very great JVole '28 to Dr Robertson's History, ch. v. day. Wc tbresiicd 85 bushels of wheat in 2 days, and the labor at the wheel was very easy, wc pre- ferring to turn the machine rather than to feed it, iind we do not hesitate to declare that wc had much rather thrush with this machine than by any other method we aro acquainted with. BENJ. PORTER. HU(ai RIEI.EY. < OWEN RIEKEV. Signed in presence of J GoaHAM Pauso.ns. ) liriishton, JVov. 29, 132(1. .Middlesex, ss. — Brighton, Dec. I,i826, then the above named Benjamin Porter, Hugh Rielly and Owen Rielly, personally appeared and made oath that the above certificrite by them subscribed is true. Before me, EDWARD SPARHAWK, Jusliee of the Peace. See, likewisG,the report of the Committee on In- ventions of the Massachusetts Agricultural Socie- ty, New England Farmer, vol. v. page 110. The Machine that has performed the above labor is now to be seen at the Agricultural Establish- ment of J. R. Newell & Co. to whom purchasers may apply for any further information. The cultivation of the olive and the vine is re- commended by the South Carolina Agricultural Society, instead of cotton. Few can change from cotton to rice ; and the home consumption of the United states includes more than two millions of gallons of foreign wine, as much brandy, and about four millions of pounds of raisins. It is said, says the National Journal, that water- cement lirae has been found on the banks of the Potomac ; that it is equal in quality to the best Roman cement that has yet been discovered, and at a price not exceeding ten cents per bushel. In the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Ca- nal, this discovery would be productive of the greatest advantage. Charles Glidden, Esq- of Northfield, (N. H.) raised, the past season, on sis acres, in one piece of ground, 540 bushels of corn — averaging 90 bushels to tho acre. [N. H. Journal] neTvYn G landIfarmer. The National Intelligencer published a Memoir by Mr Monroe on the subject of his claims on the government of the United .States, setting forth the causes which led to expenditures, while in a di- plomatic capacity in Europe, his accounts for which were not allowed by the government ; and re- viewing briefly the several situations in which he has been placed, with what was required of liiui by the attendant circumstances. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DEC. 15, 1826. POPE'S THRESHING MACHINE. We are happy to learn that this machine, hav- ing received several improvements, is receiving that attention it deserves,from intelligent farmers. The following certificate shows the amount of la- , A bill has been brought into the House of Rep- resentatives of Georgia to make the estates of all attornies at laiv liable to pay, before any other debts, all sums of money placed in their hands for collection. [ In the Legislature of New Jersey, the joint com- mittee on the memorial of the Delaware and Rari- \tan Canal Co. have presented a report annulling: the charter and returning the bonus of $100,000. MOLES. Shrew moles arc the most active in the morn-, :, at mid-elav. r.nd in the evening ; aftr-r rains !'«'"' it is capable of performing : y are particularly busy in repairing their dam- We the undersigned have used Pope's Improved ed galleries ; and in long continued wet weath- 1 Hand Thrashing Machine, and have thrashed w'ith we find that they seek the high grounds for lit this season in Brighton, about 110 bushels of :urity. The precision with which they daily J wheat and 60 of rye, which it cleaned from the me to the surl^ce at twelve o'clock is very re- 'straw in the most thorough manner, at the rate of rkable, and is well known in the country. In 5 bush, wheat i>er hour, of a kin 1 th;it cither of us ,ny instances, when we have watched them, ; could not with the flail thrash over 5 bushels per There is now living in the town of Western, N. Y. a farmer who measures seven feet four inches and three quarters in height. The amount of tolls on the Erie and Champlain canals, received the present year, is esliniatey"''5? -I .i/,, ,„d COOO copies were ordered to be printe^^ mtaiUble, no memcai °7°" '^ ' j- ' to That a continuation of our Commercial 1 reaty cei The different parts of the President's. " ,. . , ,. , , „i,.i;.i,o= l.nvp '•'•^ ...^l^nioo in America: lireat tsriiain cio. solid or liquid aliment, because such ciblics nave in consequence of the inattention or misapprenon- guvei .....=,.., ';; "' ' ,t ' {„ xhe message sionof the person who attempts to apply t.m -/' ^-J™: ^tXrstanding with the Sometimes circumstances may vary results .n a manner which the most experienced and scientihc could not foresee ; the recipe may be valuable though it may fail in particular eases. Notwithstanding, however, the frequent failure of newspaper recipes, we believe on the whole been poisoned, or cooked in such a manner as to be unwholesome. Still, if a recipe has been faith- fully tried, and disappointed the expectations of those who made the experiment, it may often be well to publish the result of such trial, to save others the expense, hazard and disappointment of similar trials. We have, heretofore, pub- lished details of experiments tending to prove the Committee on ivianuiaci.u.>.-. "..o „..,..._..--- , lercoiiisB uctv,^.... ..- " ^ . . •„„lo,.ire into the e.xpediency of increasing ike dutjl ish colonies in America ; Oreat Bntain claiming que 1^^^^^^^ an exclusive right to trade with her colonies.- ""P" Our North-Eastern and North-Western bounda- ries are still unadjusted, but the Commissioners have nearly come to the close of their labours.— With the American governments of this hemis- phere our intercourse is friendly. The C ongress of Panama, after a short session there adjourned to meet ajain in a more favourable season in the lished details of experiments tending to prove u.<= .u ...... ..^c... "'■-".■- -- , tried and found wanting It wa« pu >she ni^ he Uta es « t „^^,o^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^_ ;.t7th page of the current ^°ii'"l^°f t^e New Ln wmc year will not land Farmer, as follows, » Receipt to keep Cide ally, "'^ "J ^1'""^,, j^^t t^^^ deficiency of the Sweet. Rack off thirty gallons -^f^^^f ^^.'^ H,^:: „«!.', ^ tt nt'rr^^eS the oppliclt.on of in one gill fine salt and one pound of chalk. Thi. even e ^„,„„,'during the present year will keep it s«eot for two years fhis has l>een » ^ discharffe of the principal and interest of tried by a fueud, who has as he »"eges and «^ o the is harge of th^^ ^p ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ err- Jfe have received, by the politeness of Gert, U \. S. Dearborn, a vr.luable commumenlion from Geo. G. Barrell, Esq. U. S. Consul at Mal- aga, on the mode of extracting the fecula, or four /ro,n the potatoe :-Like.c;se, from another corres^ pondent, an abstract of a Report on the stat^ of h Elm Trees in St James and Hade Parks, l»J Ihn ISharp Macleay.—They uiU both appear next week believe truly, thereby spoiled a good barrel o cider. The cider thus medicated has a mawkish, sweetish, alkaline taste, and is as unpalatable as puddle water ; while other barrels of cider from the sume pressing and received by the same per- son at the same time, which have been closely slopped, and let alone, are of good quality. We are much obliged to the gentleman, who has given Virginia University.— The number of student in this institution is 4.53, viz : in the school < ancient languages 90, mathematics 98, nalun philosopliy 4.3, natural history 45, anatomy an medicine 10, moral philosophy 28, law (school opei ed in July last) 26. Mr Shadcett, has announced his intention ( delivering Lectures " Ou the customs and horroi of war" at Washington Hall, New-York. the debt, nor the reduction of upwards of seven millions of the capital debt itself." Attention is recommended to laws, relative to the collection of revenue. The army, it is observed is found ade- quate to all the purposes for ^vhjch a permanent ; ij""'-- ^- J—- .^ ^,_^^ ^.^^ have been a armed force in time of peace can be needed_ 1 he , buildings which are light. Message refers to a report of a Board of F-ngin- ed to the ^^' PPv^ stitincr the nracticability of a communication "P eacn ni^ni ° -^''o'^l'^-^V^hf farcT":f"ure"nbre';- tuleTters of th'e Potomac, the Ohio ,y ^..-^r^:^^;:^^. _ . _ oys be opportunity of nailing it to our counter. There is a spring in Chatauque county whic exhales a gas oi an inflammable nature. W e eai from the Fredonia Censor that Abell's hotel ai that the revenue of the Post Office " of the yeir ^__ ^_ ^^^^_ ^ including the latter half of 1834, and the first l><.lf | of inspecting theofiicial archives of the rei; of 182.5, had e.xceeded its expenditures by a sum H .. . _. ^ .. ..n -.<•.„„ „ Sir Walter Scott's visit to Paris is for the pu .pose of inspecting theofiicial archives of the rei; PRESU)ENT'S MESSAGE. I of 182.5, had e.xceeded its expenditures by a sum (-^j. ^^^^ g^^^p^^.^^. N^p^jgo^^ gnj to collect from a This able and satisfactory document commences ^f more than forty-five thousand dollars, and sue- 1 • - - - j 1-.: h with " o-rateful acknowledgements to the Giver of needing years have been still more productive. — all Good" for the "individual comfort" and " na- The Message closes with an allusion to the dentil tional prosperity we enioy." It then proceeds to ^f the illustrious individuals who wers prime act- present to our view the general aspect of our pub- „^^ ;„ the American revolution, and caUed aunost lie affairs at this moment. It adverts to the de- simultaneously " before the Judge of all to account cease of Emperor Alexander, by which the » Unit- fo, their deeds done uprn earth." ed States have been deprived of along tried, rnwr RF«;sTONAL steady and faithful friend" It states that "we p^^'-rTheHo- John C. Calhoun, have had the most satisfactory assurances, that I SENAX b, Uec. 4. a "« ^-"i' ._„..,..:. theniic sources genuine anecdotes relating to th extraordinary character. The Pittsburg, rPen.] Emporium mentions as remarkable fact that the migratory birds, pigeot treese and swans, which passed over that regv fast spring for the north, bad not returned as her tolbre to the south. Whether these pigeons ha. taken another route, or are making the expe £ST::;S^SB:s:!v=i^L^i^:si^:^^^^^^ v.— .\... -Jl. INKW ENGr.ANl) FAIl.\IEIl. 167 ,/. — Mr Mar.!us Bull, of Coiineclicut, has riotis cxiicriiiients to ascertain the com- viiUic of ciillureiit kimls of wood for fuel. lin^f to Ills table, if ire assume the price of ark hickory wood to be 'j,5(t per cord the uf other kinds will be as follows : — pignut y >•"-!, .'{r ; white o.ik "^,1)3; while ash 1,93; k l,/3; black binli 1,57; hard maple and oiik 1,50 ; yellow pine and sot in.iple 1,35; It 1,30; white birch 1,"^0: white pine 1,05; poplwr 1,00. Mr Bull foui-d that gheeu oiitaine 1 37 per ct-iit. iu moisture , green Oik 41 per cent and green KOit maple 48 t. A cord of the latter will therefore weigh ire as mui.li when green as when dry. I'tlieved that most pco|.!e would be uii to sell wooa accordin;^ to Mr Bull's table ip.ir«tive values, however just it may be. [Northampton Ga?.] !W days since Maj. K. M. Bartlett, of this foun 1 on the ho'ly of one of his almost Ufe- r trees, a 'ieaJ msett about one inch and a 112, attached to the tree, by its nwl or borer, ut the same length, near an inch of which lit in the hard wood. The borer resembled needle, and there were several deep ures near it eride'ntly made by the same in- ent. and in some of them epgs were deposit- laving but a slight knowledge af entomology, nnot tell to what genus or species the insect IS. It may be seen at the off"e of Drs. Hunt rrett, with the piece of wood pierced by its t not probable that many pear trees in New nd have been destroyed bv insects of this [Ibid.] Ertraordinary Male. — The N. Y. Times ra- the following instance, in addition to those published, of flie personal stmiglli of Wash- 1, on the authority of a gentleman who was d-de-cnmp at the time. the early period of tlie revolutionary when the military operations were confined e vicinity of Boston, a corps from Virginia eded to the aid of the militia of that part of ountry, and several of its members were or- to stand as sentinels upon a very inclement They replied that they came to Jis:ht and 3 perform camp drudgery, and one individual irful dimensions refused to obey the order.- — tiington rode up, and no soldiers appearing to put the unwilling sentinel forcibly into lace, the General leaped from his saddle s.v.i one exertion of his arm tossed the reluctant lier, gun and all, to his station, with a violence convinced him of the uselessness of further ■ing. itest accounts from Spain state that Madrid rrounded by brigands, perpetrating atrocities spreading alarms in the villages. The Con- tionalists in Arragon, continue to be perse- d with great severity. ti monitorial school is established at Lansing- Dr in N. Y. and has been about two weeks in ifitiuii. It contains nearly 100 pupils, and the •f each, a quarter, does not e.xceed iwen iie leading horses of a stage on the road be en Siilina and Oswego, N. V. were lately kil by in oak tree falling on them from the sidf he road. The stage was filled with passengers ) had a narrow escape with their lives. /'row the Parifu: — We have seen letters from Callao Bay to the 20th July. Com. Hull had re- turned thither from Lima. The accounts from Li- ma were tliat u plot to send Bolivar,and his troops out of the country, had been detected there, and that thirty persons of the first families had been arrested and impri.wned as leaders of the con- spiracy. It was the general opiuion at Lima, that Bolivar would he assassinated, but not before he had sliot the persons suspected. One of the letter writers add, " 1 have seen 37 persons shot — 20 at one time." In what will such things end .' [Boston Cent.] The Ohio Grand Canal is to be 30f) miles in length. It passes tlirough a very fertile country, and terminates at Cleaveland, on hike Erie. Dur- ing the present year merchaudi/.e to the value of $750,000 has been landed at that village. To the Lovers of Good Beer. — Put two quarts of molasses into^ keg of ten gallons cool water Boil two oz. a:lspicc, two oz. ginger, two oz. hops, and half a pint of Indian meal, in two or three quarts of water, about an hour — strain it into the keg while hot, add one pint of yeast — shake it well togeths.- — stop the keg nearly air tight, and let it stand about twenty-four hours, when it will be fit for use. Gm'mandhinf^. — On Monday last, in this vil- lage, a man upon a banter undertook to eat, with- in an hour, o;if hundred round clams. They were to be roasted for him,and he was to take them out of the shells himself. He despatched a batch of 30 in 5 minutes, and proceeded wilh the others until he !iad swallowed 77, when the 78th ' went and came, like tlie old woman's snap.' However, he at length disposed of that and another, when he gave up the job, having actually devoured 70 ! And they were of no mean si. e — for the meat of UIIC, whi.-h «oo a. I'liil eampls of U.f lot. WOS found to weigh two ounces ; making the quantity taken down by the man (bating a trifle for wast- age,) nine pounds and fourteen ounces. [Herkimer American.] during that period duvolcd liis adcnlion to the im- provement o( the composilion. 'I'hc article now of- lertrt the public, is warranted equal to any in the country. Its peculiarities arc, a permanent black, without the usual glutinous properties which prevent the easy How of (he Ink from the pen. It is denned unnecessary to assert any thing further in f.ivour of the above named article, but respectfully refiT (o the annexed certificate. I'he Ink made by Messrs. Samcei. Kidder & Co. we consider uncommonly good, and at least equal to any which we have ever used. Cashier Mass. Union Com'wealth American Globe A\ ashington North Bunker Hill Cambridge Stale Suffolk N. England Bank. nuel I'ayson, Chester Adams, Charles Hood, .lohn S. Wright, Chas. Sprague, U. A. Higourney, Gurdon Steele, Henry Jaques, Martin Lane, Geo. Homer, M. S. I'arker, Ph. Marc tt, liustnn, July, 1S26. {)::^For ."^ale, wholesale and retail, by the Proprietors, under Washington Hall, Charlestown, Mass. and bv appointment, by JOSIOPH KIDUER, 70, Court-street, Rostou. oct27. "^PRIC1:"S OF COUNTRY PRODUcE Corrected every Thursday evening. Agricultural Board of Trust. A meeting of the ofKccrs, including the respec- tive committees of the Agricultural Society of this county, will assemble at the Court House in tins town, on Thursday, the 28th inst. at 2 o'clock, P.M. for the purpose of making suitable arrange- ments for the next Annual Exhibition, and also of receiving the Report of the Committee on Agrieitl- lural Produrts, appointed last year. It is very important that the committees and others who constitute the Board of Trust should punctually attend the proposed meeting. Taunton, Dec 12, 1820. A MEETING of those practical Mechanics,who are favourable to the formation of an Association for Mutual Instruction of the Arts and Sciences, and such other branches of knowledge, as are cal- culated to promote their interests, and render them more extensively useful to society, will be held at Concert Hall, on Tiiursday Evening ne.xt, at 7 o'clock. Dec. 11. Improved Black Ink Pmvder and Liquid Ink. SAMUEL KWDER & CO. Manufacture Black Ink Powder and Liquid "Black Ink of an improved quality. For more than twenty years, S. Kidder has been engaged in the manufacture of Ink Powder, and has APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, Ist sort, - - - l)earl do. . - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - . skiraraed milk, - - FLAX FLAX .SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - . - Rve, best, . . - GRAIN, Rye Corn Barley - - - - Oafs - - . - - HOGS' LAUD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at VORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - - . . WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washetl do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. BEEF, best pieces . - - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - - VEAL, MT'TTON, POULTRY, -.-..- BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - . . . Indian, do. - . - - POT » TOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) ... FROM TO D. bbl 1 25 1 75 (on. 85 00 87 00 105 00 110 00 bnsh 1 50 I 75 ibl. 8 25 8 50 6 25 6 50 5 00 5 SO lb. 14 16 7 9 3 5 10 11 >.^?b 90 1 00 lib;. 5 87 6 00 5 75 6 00 3 25 3 50 )ush 86 90 84 86 1 00 1 10 50 63 lb. 0 10 cask 85 90 ,'al. 75 80 ton. 2 60 2 62 bbl. 12 00 12 50 9 50 10 00 9 00 9 25 .ush 2 50 3 00 lb. 8 30 20 28 23 20 38 28 45 30 33 28 23 42 33 lb. 8 10 5 e 6 10 4 8 7 10 17 18 2-; 2(1 25 111-:! 91 1 00 ?( 1 00 .0 bUI. 1 25 1 70 168 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 1,5, \m. 1IIIKXSCEX.I.AX7XES. Mess. True & Gree>f. have recently published a beautiful pocket volume, called The Memoriai,, designed as an annual gift, upon the plan of Le Soxtvcnii; Forget-me-JVot, Slc. The accompanying lilies " To the Autumn Leaf," will serve as a spe- cimen of the character of the work. We wish it the success it merits, — which is all they can desire. TO THE AUTU.MN LEAF. Lone ti-embling; one ! Last of a Summer race, withered and sear, And shivering — wherefore art thou lingering here ? Thy work is done. Thou hast seen all The summer leaves repo-ing in their tomb, And the green leaves, that knew thee in their bloom, Wither and /all ; Why dost thou cliug So fondly to the rough and sapless tree ? Hath then existence aught like charms for thee, 7 hou faded thing ! The voice of Spring, Which woke thee into being ne'er agsin Will greet thee— nor the genlle Summers rain New verdure bring. The zephyr's breath. No more will wake for thee its melody — But the lone sighing of the blast shall be Thy hymn of death. Yet a few days, A few faint struggles with Ihe Autumn storm, And the strainM eye to catch thy trenioUug form In vain may gaze. Pale Autumn leaf! Thou art an emblem of mortality; 'I'he broken hearl, once youug and fresh like thee, Wither'd by grief— Whose hopes are fled, Whose loved ones, all have drooped and died away, >till clings to li'e — and lingering loves to stay Above Hie lUa.l. Dut list, e'en now 1 hear the gathering of the Autumn blast, It comes, Ihv fr.il form trembles, it is past ! And tliou art low. W. G. C. .Yew Air Speculation. — A paragraph from a Brighton Journal is now going the rounds of the presSjCoutaiiiing a project for a cheap and expedi- tious travelling, by means of an artificial current of air, wiiich is to propel passengers and luggage through a tube or tunnel at the rate of one hun- dred miles an hour. The principle of this inven- tion dilTers from that of a popgun, as the body is to he shot otFby the exhaustion of the air, instead of the condensation of it. We have heard of an- ©ther project by which it is proposed to blow the public from place to place at a more rapid rate, and in some respects more -agreeable to the party ; as the traveller, instead of being shot through a close dark tunnel, will be forwarded through the open air, and gratified with a bird's eye view of the country over which he makes his momentary pas- sage. "Certain large brass tubes are to be prepar- ed at convenient stages' of two miles or so. Into one of these a composition of an e.xpanse power is to be rammed, and the traveller is then to crooix in and lie at his case at full length with his feet next to the composition ; the tube being then di- rected to the next stage, the composition is to re- ceive its expansive force, and the traveller is to be propelled through the air at a very slig-ht curve at the rate of about ten miles a minute, bn his arri- val at the next stage, he will instantly be put into another tube ready charged with the travelling powder, and again shot oif " bang up to the mark" at the next post,and so ho will proceed to his journ- } ey's end. This cheap and expeditious travelling i through the air is proposed in opposition to the I Brighton scheme for conveying the public by hur- ricanes though tunnels. The former will undoubt- edly ho the least expensive and quickest mode of being blown home ; hut it is liahle to some objec- tions. For exan)ple,if two travellers should chance to meet on tlieir respective roads, the justle would be disagreeable; invalids too might prefer the close tunnel, with the hurricane at their backs, to the more rapid passage through the open air with the wind in their faces. But if some prefer the one, some prefer the other, and thus there may be en- couragement for both. The Brighton scheme is in a state of great forwardness — it wants nothing of completion but a Joint Stock Company, to cre- ate a vacuum in the pockets of the public (the true bags of Ulysses) — the principle on which it pro- ceeds being to raise the wind by exhaustion. Its I passengers will start from " The Swan with two I necks," a sign expressive of the uncommon per- 1 sonal endowments essentially necessary to the trav- 1 cller who goes by this conveyance. [Lon. Atlas.] Monsieur B. a wealthy Parisian financier, being I convicted of filling his own coffers at the expense of the Royal Treasury, was deprived of his dlHcc. j Ffe showed no confusion whatever, in his disgrace I and was merely heard to say, "they have done ve- ! ry wrong to dismiss me, I have provided sufBcient- I ly for myself, and was just ;;oii; >: lo save for the ! King." I .Yamcs. — A late Maryland paper contains a j tax gatherer's advertisment for the payrr.fnt of J assessments on certain lands, some of v. uich are i designated by the following queer titles : i Allen's Industry, Clay well's Advice, B'lrnet's I Mistake, Last of All, Reed's Convenience, Poor J Choice, Hindsey's Disappointment, Gunby's Con- clusion, Pritchard's Neglect,Thin Soil, Bachelor's • Adventure, Bowen's Luck, Kink's Necessity, Hudsons's Bail, Long twisted Boggy, White's Purgatory, More Luck, Hunger and Thirst, Slip upon Slip,Haphazard, Partner's Contentment, Long Delay, Dixon's Consolation, Dyke's Dispute, Col- bourn's Struggle, Miller's Folly, Wholly Neglect, Happy Entrance, Ironshier's Confirm.ation, Gift to Josiah, Baker's Tribulation, Parson's Punishment, Long acre Strife, &c. &c. &c. From the peculiarity of these appellations, one would be led to think that the lands were either of miserable quality, or had been the s'dijects of protracted litigation, p.nd therefore scarcely worth redeeming. Alarming Progress. — A lad Vlio was apprentice to a butcher, wrote to his parents, saying, 'I send you these lines to tell you as how my master likes nic very well, and as liow I am going on famously. I have already bled three calves, I skin every day; and he says, if I am a good boy he will let me kill after Christmas.' Bad Singing. — There was something' of no' ty, it is true, but not less of reason, in \\:' nroce : ings of a late esteemed minister of Nov i'.ngi! who at the close of a very badly sung p.-:il!ii|t: another to the choir, saying "you musr i ;;. for it is impossible to preach after sui:ii -iiiji! .ileti Dress. — Simplicity of dress is like manners, the husband of grace. Gorgooiis o ments distract the imagination of the nugei and the wearer, like the silk worm, is hid ; her own magnificence. But a decent garb, justed to the elegant contour of the female f concealing those beauties that would obtrim force themselves upon our observation, and monizing with a virtuous mind ; this is thai that we should recommend to the fair sox; wh.ch, combined with a modest demeanor, is i attractive than the cestus of Venus ! can re even beauty more amiable, impress the ideii angelic perfection and innocence on the mill the beliolder, and compel us to adore virtue personified in woman ! — Lon. Ladies .l/.fo-aji Mexican Antiquities. — Mr Poinsett has s' the museum of the Literary and rVi'jfiv Society of Charleston, several very ci;.-: .■ mens of ancient Mexican sculpture, i c tion consists of images, and a large . snake, an animal which appears to '. favourite object of representation wit' cans, perhaps, also, an object of adora': images, it is said, bear evident marks • Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrub.^, i'lan. V. & C. LANDRETH. J^urserij, Seedsmen, and /"ter/c PiiiLAi!; : ':i HAVE constantly on hand for sale, a v \ collection of Fruit Trrps.Hoi-dy Ornamfin.i ; i Shrubs, Green Hmise Pl,->n!5, Bulbous l\ ■. • Seeds, ic. i;c. not fcxrtedtd by any siiii.! ^ ment in the United States. In their selection of FRUITS for cultr ■:.■■:, care and attention has been paid, and froi' ,!i : cy with the subject of many years, they bi i judiciouslv. The ORKAME.NTAL PLANTS, bolii hardy, which they are now cultivating, a,' • -ii most esteemed and admired of both natii. uJ origin. The GARDEN SEEDS,^,f which a lar, r„ ral assortment is cultivated, are exclusii ■ ■ own rearing, for which f jrpose a number li ac taclied to the ostablishmL-nt are apprcpriAte(l,ai Ihe moment Ihey are planted, through all th~ stages of their growth and ripening are under mediate care and superintendence, conseqaei are enabled to assure purchasers not only of but quality. Persons ordering any of the articles on thi logue, m.iy be assured of having them well an packed, and of every attention being paid totfl that they will give satisfaction. \^; Orders received by Messrs. PARKEPv & COJI "" No. 9 Congress-square, no^ir the Excbangerj House, Boston, of whom priced Catalogues whole may be had gratis. tf. Dec* A poor woman,whose husband was going to sea, handed through the clerk, to .the parson, this pub- lic prayer : " .\ man g^g to sea, his wife desires the prayers of this congregation." The parson, pointing it his own way, read to the ears of liis flock — " A man going to see his wife, desires the prayers of this congregation." ^^^ Sportsmen Will find at COPELANIt'S POWDER STOH Broad Street, a complete assortment of Powder, Balls , Flints, and Percussion Caps. The Powd* ranted uperior to any whicii can be had in the try — price Ci'A cents and Zlk cts. p( r lb ShotJ, &c. at the lowest prices — wholesale and retail. 6t Nov. i Ihe F.\R.-MER is published every Friday at ^. annum, if paid in advance. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Fi.l.li.hecl by JoHv H. Rcssel.. at ll,o cormr oiC.morcss and Li.ulall Streets, (enlrance .Vu„. Liudall Stroet).-T„oMAS U. l^^s^Eyvl^^TEdh^ VOL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEiVHU^R 22, i82(). No. 22. ORIGINAL 1»AIM:RS. OnE OF EXTRACTING THH FECULA, OR FLOUR, FROM THE i'OTATOE. i Blink;/ Plnct; \ lioib-Sry, Die. 13, 189(>. Dear Sir — The enclosed treatise, on the mode ' e.\tractin this use, cannot fail of becoming of vast inipor- ;nce to the country, not only as a substitute for igo, arrou'-root and other delicate aliments, but ir liour in pastry, and •\s starch, of which great aactities are imported into all the West India dands, South America, Mexico and the Italian tates, at an enormous expense. Mt Babrell has before evinced his solicitude DC the advancement of agriculture, by forwarding 9veral kinds of grain, and valuable information on le method of cultivating them, to one of oar So- (eties. Such instances of patriotic zeal and gen- rous devotion to the prosperity of his native land, lerit the grateful acknowledgements of his fellow tiicns. It is by such contributions to our fund of intelli- •ence, upon all the branches of national industrv, lat Americans who reside in, or vi.«it foreign ountries, can best subserve the republic : aH'l it ! pleasing to find, that many of them cheerfully ■vail of the advantages of their situation, while it most desirable, that all our public agents, should iiake it a point, to collect and transmit to the Tnited States, whatever may tend to increase the umber and variety of our products of agriculture, oanufactures and the arts. Very respectfully, Your most obedient serv't, H. A. S. DEARBORN. T. G. Fessende:*, Esq. •lEORGE W. BaRRELL, EsQ. i Consul of (he United States. ) Dear Sir — Permit me to communicate to you he result of an essay I made some days ago on he sweet potatoe, a native of the free and happy ;ountry you so worthily represent, and where I hink that the use to which this excellent vegeta- ble is generally applied may be improved to great advantage. You no doubt have heard of the vast consumption which has lately taken place in France, of the fecula or flour proceeding from the common potatoe, wliere in consequence of t!is re- peated certificates given by the Proto medicate of Paris, it has been introduced into almost all the apothecaries' shops, and hospitals, in the south of France, and is found to produce a variety of most delicate and nutriinental .iliments for people of weak digestion and relaxed intestines; sucli as excellent gruel, porridge, and all kinds of pastry, far superior to that made with flour, as well as starch of the very first quality and which nothing apparently could exceed in whiteness. A consid- eration of thes FAllMEU. 1 Dec. •^i, I.^O. =* i« ticular air or soil, inattention to the evil at the proper time for effectually checking it, &c.) the number of insects which attack trees becomes in- creased beyond its due limit, wo mast either apply the axe without scruple to the seat of the disease, or make up our minds to submit to the utter des- truction of our plantations." the natural history of that particular species of i moving the trunks from the vicinity of the sounj I •"'' destructive insect which may have occasioned the mischief." "Of the evil which is mentioned above in general terms St. James' and Hyde Parks afford us at pres- ent too many examples. The elm trees in both, and particularly in the former are rapidly disap- "Almost ell timber-eating insects are comprised j pearing, and unless decisive mcasuret, be soon in three orders, viz. Cokoplera, or beetles ; Lepi- taken to resist the progress of the contagion, we doplera, or moths, butterflies, &c. ; ai'.d Hjjmcnop- must not only expect every tree o. this species to tJa, or bees, wasps, &c. All these in their young- be destroyed in the parks, but may have to regret est state are worms or larvae, and it is while in the dissemination of the evil throughout the vi- this stage of their life that they commit the direct cinity of London.'' The insect which occasions all iniurv to the trees, either by gnawing oiT the bark, I this havoc is the IIyi-esikl-s Scolvtus oit abri- .-,- b'- devoui-imr the wood. The communication! cus, or Scolytus destructor of Latreide, ot which of the di?case°to other trees is perioJical ; for ' the history is briefly as follows. The perfect in- ■vhen the above mentioned worms or larva; arrive j sect, a small beetle, deposits its eggs about the at their perfect or winged state, the mischief com- j end of Mayor commencement of June, in the mitted by them directly, is comparatively trifling, , crevices and holes of the bark on the trunks of the and. in fact, generally results, not so much from Kims. In the process of laying the eggs which is their voracity, as from their attempts to extricate to the female as to most winged insects the imme- them^elves, and to arrive at the e.Ktcrnal air, or J diate forerunner of death, she perforates a tubular frqm their endeavours to commit their ecrgs to a ^ path beneath the bark, from which the lurvse, proper nidus. L'-,it as they are now winged, and ' hatched from these eggs, proceed nearly at right capable of depositing myriads of eggs, th'e germs ! angles, eating their way in parallel smaller tubes, of as many devouring larvse, the disease is thus which, lying close together, cifeciually separate dispersed thrnugho.it the neighborhood of tlie tree oriiiinally lufected. If, however, it be, in this their perfect state, that the insects are most formidable, the bark from the tree The larvEe remain feeding between the bark and wood throijThout the winter season, and assume having attained the power of propagating the dis- the pupa or nymph state about the commencement ease, it is also from an accurate knowledge of 1 of spring, before the end of which the bark of an them, while in tliis state that we can alone derive infected tree appears as if its crevices were full of a any hope of being able to counteract their mis- j very fine saw-dust. " The last change of t!ie in- chief." 1 sect takes place; and'being now winged, it tries to " The first thing, indeed, to be done in all such ! arrive at the external air,for the puriiose of propa- oases is, to asceruun the species of perfect insect, I gating its species, and laying its eggs in other which occasions the disease. The experienced ' trees. Each hole, which now appears as if made naturalist is able from this examination of the worm ' with a gimlet, marks the exit of a perfect insect. or larva which he finds devouring the wood, not In tlie first instance the voracity of the larvse, and only to ascertain Uic order and fijmily, ■^ut often in the second the endeavours of the perfect insects the genus and even the species of winged insect to liberate themselves from the wood, particularly which has produced it; and having determined the when such attempts are made by almost infinite genus or species,it becomes an easy matter to know numbers, soon occasion the bark to fall in large the season of its appearance. None of these tim- pieces. The consequence is that tlie new leaves ber-eating insects remain in their perfect or wing- only make their appearance to wither, and the tree wood, is, in reality, to do no good at all." ■ tt""' It may_:also be recommended, that no more elij| *"' trees be, during the continuation of the diseasS *" planted in places where it is prevalent." ■ W'J' " The Hylesinus destructor is peculiar to t|j i ''"• elm, and was, in all probability introduced into tli *'"• parks with some of the young elms which ha* ''* lately been planted indifferent parts of them.-s .i* The other species of trees, in these places of put *'' lie resort, seem, on tlic v.-hole, to be very free froi i W'" disease, but in planting, and particularly in nrm i *'* mental planting, it may be well to bcjH- in mini 1 "'' that indigenous trees are much more subj'jct I i F' the attacks of our indigenous insects, than tlios ( ''' which arc not natives of this country. With ri < H spect to those trees which are in an unsound sta^ i '"'' it is very difl[icult to point out a cure for them.- • *! Wlien the insects attack the braiiciies, these ougl I li* obviously to be examined, and if infected, ougli i «~ as soon as possible, to be lopped off and burnt. '" scarcely know, however, what to propose, for til preservation of those trees, of which the trunk are infected. Perhaps it may be of use to cove over, in the month of March, with a mixture of li and train oil, to a certain height from the ground all such trees as it may be thought proper to an tempt to save. I venture to recommend thi.i coaC ing of tar, not only by way of experiment, as pro- tecting the trunks from the access of the perfect insects, but for the purpose of filling those little round holes, which it, is easy in summer ("r ;i accurate observer to perceive,- afford pecuii .i cilities for the communication of the disease. ' " To those pfrsons who, being unacquainti ■,' iriti. J\/'.iiiir(il liistorij, ni'iy therefore he disposed t town, the bans of marriage between if, es were published. In some other places, ilO to 1200 young persons are employed at a manufactory, but no where do we hear of jurious effects to society so much complained similar establishments in Europe. [N. Y. Statesman.] one day, there will be introduced two quarts ot spirits to be drank, on such occasion ; follow this I up day -after day through the season of cattle ! shoeing, and if the blacksmith and his apprentice i are not confirmed drunkards it is because they are possessed of a strong constitution and great forti- tude of mind. I have known several useful inge- ' nious mechanics destroyed and made absolutely wretched by this inconsistent and destructive prac- tice. SCHOOLMASTKRS. An ignorant schoolmaster is a nuisance to socie- ty, he can instruct no one, t!ie injury he does to the youth committed to his care.is beyond calcula- tion ; the money expended is worse than lost, and the time occupied can never be recalled ; the youthful mind in the mean time remains like a bud in tlie winter, unexpauded and Ior!;ed. The mode and manner, of instruction is altogether different, at the present day, from what it has been. Im- provements are making in tlic sciences as well as in the arts ; and why should we not keep pace with them ; our children must bo educated in or- der to be useful, and it is our duty and interest to adopt the wisest and best means in our power to bring about an object so desirable. See to it then. sume slowly, but will burn less readily, and give much less heat. A fire composed of billets of wood not more than 14 inches long.will give more than two.thirds as much heat as that made of v^'ood 'louble that length. Perhaps billets of from three to four inches, of a medium diameter,will be found the most economical, as avoiding the two ex- tremes. From the Amtncan Farmer. QUARTERLY REVIEW. i u.".s uuum an uujeci so aesiraoie. Kee to it then e London Quarterly Review for September | that your school instructers are well educated' has just been republished by Mess. Wells & i moral men ; apt to teach and of regular habits. Tniirt Street, and contains articles unon the i If faithful in their eiTinlnviiiont ro,i..,..,i ti.„.-, m Court Street, and contains articles upon the ■ing subjects : — Britton's Cathedral Antiqui- -Scott's Lives of the Novelists. — Parry and lell's Voyages. — Parseval Philippe-Auguste, e Heroique. — Military Memoirs. — Memoirs idame de Genlis. — Prior's Life of Burke. — DVal ; or the Freemason. — Transactions of ieological Society. — Humphreys on the Laws ?al Property. — State of the Slave Trade. — Publications. tsfttjig CoHon and Linen. — Never wash mus- or any kind of white cotton goods, with lin- for the latter deposits or discharges a gum 1 coloring matter every time it is washed, h discolors and dyes the cotton. Wash them lemselves. The liberal use of nitre in hemoptysis," says 'I. Chapman of Philadelpnia, "is a practice h I have for several years recommended in ectures.and a solution of it in brandy is a pop- nostrum in this city." If faithful in their employment, reward them liber- ally, encourage them in well doing, and be always careful to support them in the necessary discipline of the school; by so doing the prosperity and hap piness of your children will be greatly promoted, and your well directed effort^ and e.wrtious crown- ed with unlimited success. J\retemode of making Jelly.— Vruss the juice from the fruit : add the proper portion of sugar, and stir the juice and sugar until the su^uris complete- ly melted ; and, in twenty-four hours, it will be- come of a proper consistence. By this means, the trouble of boiling is avoided, and the jelly retains more completely the flavor of the fruit. Care should be taken to stir the mixture until the "su- gar is completey melted, and fine sugar should be used. Economy in fire uJofx/.—The size into which wood should be split, so as to be durable in burn mg. and yet give sufficient heat, is a matter wor- thv of some consideration. If split very small.any - iven iiuantity will give more heat for a while,but wi,l be quickly consumed ; if large, it will con- ON ICE HOUSES. Dear Sir — Having had some experience in pre- serving ice, in the latitude of Maryland, I will place at your disposal a ':(:w observations, as an addition to the generally judicious directions of P. The shade of trees over the house, but not so much as to obstruct a good circulation of air, is a point of importance, f.here are many tracts 'on our Atlantic border, where you cannot go twenty feet deep for the springing of water, and a house eighteen feet square in the clear, and nine or ten feet below the surface, will keep ice very well. It is an essential point to prevent, far as possible, all contact pf the external air, especially of the I warm season, to the ice. •I have had what is called a dry well, (t.f ., a holt in the centre of tiie floor, sunk a little deeper than the common bottom of the pit,) in my ice house, and have seen them in others; but I have never been able to discover that the ice made any water into the receptacles. It shrinks and wastes by perspiration, and especially if your bottom be sanii or gravel, I am convinced that the bottom logs, should be bedded in it, and no place be left where air can insinuate itself under the ice. Fodder, or Corn tops, makes a more convenient thoch than straw, and the thicker it is put on the better. The ice should gertainly be put awav as solid as possible ; and while pitting a layer of the large cakes, I have all the small ones, and broken bits, pounded, and with this pulverized ice fill in be- tween the corners, and grout the crevices between the large cakes, and make it all like a piece of solid stone mason work. I let no straw or litter of any kind come near the house, when I am packing ice ; it only bothers you, and will ffet mixed in with the ice, without being then of the slightest service. I fill the Io.t pit full of ice, hard out to the wood, and within a few days after I cover with straw, not 15 or 18 inches, but not less than 3 or 4 feet thick and the thicker the better. Let the air circulate freely over it, but never come near the body of ice. I would keep it 20 feet off, if I could. I look to the house now and then, and from the middle to the last of March, the ice will be^in to shrink from the side logs ; and it will shrink regularly and with a smooth surface I then immediately stuff in dry cool straw, and stop out the air. When I used to put the straw on the sides as I packed the ice, when th e ice began to shrink, I would find this side straw damp and disagreeable, and having got mixed in with the ice as packed, I could pever wet it out clean, and the sides of he ice melted into irregular holes, and air holes, and then it went fiister. But now if the straw I stuff into the first regular shrinking get damp, all I thus stuff in I can get out, and easily rspl ice with drv. I used to cover 18 inches thick, ,-nd frequently cl ange the str;:w. But the straw froia the barn yard, as coo! as it can be had drv. is very many degrees warmer than the ice — and I fo.ind, 174 NEW ENGLAND damp, as when it was put on only 15 or 18 iriches when he tbun'j them open and fit for planting.— , hick. It win, however, sometimes become damp, He tried this experiment even so l.tte as the h.stl Convecticut River jYavigation. — A steara-bfl called the Baruet, has lately ascended the ConiJ especially in a course of hot, moist weather— and j of March, with success, i lie liaws will not ve e- ^^^^^ _^^ ^^.^^^ _^^ Bellows Falls, and returned aj whenever it does, we draw out this damp straw, tate, if sent to any distance in the P"'P'''S ^" ! ,^^^,^ ^^-^^rding demonstration of the practicahiUi and let the first layer of dry, cool straw come Kirk know8,lo his cost and disappointment. "'^ . ^^g„j„ „^,,i„j^tio„ „„ y^^t beautiful river. Thi ahilit] Thi^ lahitants of the large and down upon the ice ; and if I find the straw getting | probable that the alternate freezing and thawin ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ._^,^_^l^.^^ less than three feet thick, I bring straw from the | of the Newcastle tuorn (Cratctgus crus gaUiJ w ill ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^.^^ .^ waiered by the barn yard, as dry and cool as I can get it, and also expedite their vegetation: ^''^y '■^''"''7° „ecticul and its tributary streams, as it will put on the top of the straw in the house. Since I ^lay in the ground two winters hetore they vege- j^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^ ^^^^ stimulus to industry, but enha have adopted the above] practices in a house only I tate. „f' th,- value of property throughout the whole t^ 12 by 18 feet in the clear, and not more than 9 | " Mr Kirk stated to me further what may ^<^J>J\.^ j,,^^ ^-.^^J^ feet deep, I have preserved ice till its return.— great consequence to the success of a hedge, viz. | 'i In giving these minutes of my experience, I beg ] the injurious effects of the common black walnut ; youtobe assured I mean no disrespect to your | tree upon it. One of those trees that stood at the _ ^ correspondent P., but merely to follow and fill the distance of 15 feet from a hedge three teet high, ^^ yellow Locust Tree, ft.r gratuitous distributi chinks he left open. You will dispose of them, as { killed three pannel of it. Another wairitit tree ^-^^^^ ^^^ ,^^^^ article on the cultivation and use| We have received from Dr Briggs, of Bri^ R. f. a quantity of seed of the Robinia Pseudaca you please. Respectfully, Q. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DEC. 22, 1826. I only three inches iu diameter a' the root, rIso kil- , ^^j^^ ^^.^^^ which will be published ne.\t week] lied six thorn plants, and ::• the above f'istance : | j^^j.^^^j^^ ^^^^ ^^^jj^jg jj.gjj, gprj^g^^jUg^ ^pg^n) 1 both trees stood directly opposite to the hedge i _ — . . 'thev blighted : on removing the walnut tree.', the | CONGRESSIONAL. Live Fences. — In our paper of Nov. 24, No. 18, page 142 ofcthe current volume, we observed that hedge wrew well: whereas an apple tree that' SENATE. — Resolved that in the appoint! shaded a part of the hedge was not found injun- | of the Standing Committees, the Senate will ous to it. Cedar trees likewise are injurious to |ceed by severally appointing the Chairman of hedges, from the farina which is abundantly dis- i Committee, and then by one ballot for the oi weliarrere^Tcr'of'Lc'nTue'l'w.'^B^riggs, Esq. of [charged from them, settling on the leaves of the members necessary to complete the same, &o,' Bristol, Rhode Island, a quantity of Hawthorn ber-t plants." ^ ^ . r» • i The standing Committees were appointe. ries for distribution. Having distributed most of! In the Memoirs of the N. Y. Board of Agricnl- the 11th. On the 12th Mr .Tohnson of Ken i these we have subsequently been called on for in- ture, vol. ii. page 101 is published a long and able duced a bill for the Mokiton of Imprisonmen: _ formation relative to the culture of the hawthorn, I paper, written by George Tibbits of Renselaer, Ucbt, which was read twice by unammous conse and particularly the most approved method of cans- j from which the following is extracted : j and referred to a select committee, ing the seeds to vegetate, which it appears they . , , -J »i,„f it ;= 1 HOUSE. — Abill was read twice, which proviil " Mv experiments have convinced me, that u is ''Y^ , ' . , . • , , X ^, .^ „„i.oo n,nrn fn,inp.,nr,m drv ^or Revolutionary and other pensioners. — Aim useless to attempt to make a tliornlenoe upon a ary, I ■ , <- .u n -j . . A 1 1 i.„ „„,. r.;,.o r,1»;n= „r on loose If age was received from the President, transmitti loose, sandv soi , like our pine plains, or on loost,, fc .£..,/-• •• r.Lni. d™d gr^avelsoil. These -.oils are not congenial I the Report of the Commissioners of the Pub to the growth of thorns ; we never see any of our I Suildings ; likewise a Kepor from the SorreU natural thorns growing wild upon them. Thorns at War, on certain proposed donations of land are very liable to be tlirown out of ground when | Indian tribes to agents and commissioners of I young, "by frost if set in a damp, cold,spongy, clay 1 United States. soil- swamps are too wet for them, and on these A third Message was received from the Pre kind's of ground ditches are necessary. Thorns j dent, transrfntt.ng a report from the Secretary do well upon any of the varieties of loams : on a i War, relating to the Lead Mines belonging to . strong rich loam! inclining to clay, they do best.- | Un>ted States in Illinois and Missouri. " S = •< On the nth among other petitions was o]ie fp PROCESS OF RAISING THE PLANTS. " Gather the haws at any time in the fall, wlien ihem peep the first year, for the Haw, and many ! ripe, lay them in an oblong heap, or ridge, in the other seeds, being invested with a very hard in- 1 nursery or garden, mixed with a little earth : turn teo-ument, will now and then suffer imprisonment this heap in the spring following,and several times ^^^ devolved on them. tw°o vhole years under the earth ; and our impa- | more in the course of the summer and succeeding Qn motion of Mr Mallary it was resolved 0% tience at this does often frustrate the resurrection ' fall, that they may havt an equal exposure to the of divers seeds of this nalure,so that we frequently ; weather and frost; and as soon as the rost is out din- up and disturb the beds where they are sown, of the ground the succeeding spring, (having laid in°despair before they have gone their full time." , in the heap over two winters and one summer) The Memoirs of the Philadelphia Society for strew them evenly with a spade upon a bed or promotincr Agriculture, vol. iii. page 439, give the , beds, which shall have been previously spaded and follow in-T^article by Dr Mease of Philadelphia : raked smooth for that purpose. It is better to sow them thick ; half a bushel of haws, when are in no haste to do under ordinary circumstan- ces. The judicious remarks of Jesse Buel. Esq. Editor of the Memoirs of the N. Y. Board of Agriculture, (which were published in our last, page 106, 2d column, commencing "In the propagation of forest trees by seeds ") go far to supersede the necessi- ty of our observations relative to means for ef- fecting the germination of the seeds of the haw- thorn. Still it may not be amiss to state further particulars on a subject of so much importance. Evelyn's Silva, vol. ii. page 99, says "The Haw- thorn is raised of seeds ; but tlien it must not be with despair because, sometimes you do not see Raphael and Benjamin West, of London, song, the celebrated painter, and President of the Ri Academy, England, requesting Congress to chase that portion of their father's works, w^ "The haws of the Washington thorn ^Cra(rtg:«i ,»,<■„,.„ l,o,i fnnr hv four ... • . 1- u • J ■ . ■ i,„^„.„ ■ mav be a suitab e quantity tor a bed tour oy lour- cordaio,) require to be buried one winter before '"'^J' ^ ' -f ,„ „^..„„,i „ n,,.,rtpr of " , , ,11, 1 ■ . .1 tpen feet : cover them not to excceu a qu.irter oi iSndT\r; liinijai: in t Ih: I an inch, and this is done best by a corn riddle, as ^^ j^st two years, &c. ; likewise . hethor aj the Secretary of the Treasury be directed to i port to the House whether sheep's wool on t skin is allowed to be imported free of duty, a how much of said wool has been imported duri each of the two last years. On motion of Mr Martindale of N. Y. it was i solved that the Secretary of the Treasury be i rccted to report to the House an abstr.nct of t quantity and qualities of foreign wov ..nd wooll manufactures imported into thi.3 country u'lrii the earth can be sifted over them more evenly tree ; the pulp surrounding the stones having been -W'^ earm can ue ..u.u .v.. ....... "'"■-;;•;"■■' " , '^ 11. < a- 1 .1 . 1, 1 Ti ithanby a spade or in any other way. 1 hey will previously rubbed off, and the stone washed. The ] '■"''" "> ",. '' .__ , .J' -_^ '^ „,„^^, ^,, , evasions of the duties on imported foreign wd v.— No. aa. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. J 75 ur yarj thereof, instead of the present ndvu- l lllitV. ic following gentlefnen are authorized to re- payments and subscriptions on account of the England Farmer : tt Benj. Poor, Merchant, No. 27:} Penrl street, •• A'eic York: :oB De Witt, Esq. Montreal, Canada. 11. BfELL, Esq. Postmaster, Marietta, Ohio. orr Trees. — On Monday, Maj. E. M. Bartlett :ht to our office a piece of wood split from oiy of one of his decaying pear trees, two ircp tl'Ot from the ground, in whicii many holes were pierce 1 to the depth of an inch )re, and in tliose were great numbers of larva: iggots about one siKtoenth of an inch in h. .Mjj. B is of opinion that these larvee are ic 1 from ejufs deposited by the species of in- loticed ill o>ir list, [See N. E. Farmer, vol. v. l<>7,\ and that his pear trees have boon des- 1 d by the deadly needles of these winged in- j . — liamp. Gaz. .Vavsj)(ipers. — The Newbiiryport Herald, in mentioning the decease of the Free Press, states, that, since the year 1600, thirteen attempts have been made to establish papers in Newbiiryport, and although ita readers wore not permitted to see thi; htixinning of them all, they liave seen their end. J It is stated in the Lynn Mirror, that 575 news cspects equal to any tlie best materials, and in tast ill this country. ORNAMEN'lAl, LETTF.R, in a great variety. FLOWERS, CUTS, Newspaper Titles, and cm- bellishmtnis, Brats Rule, Comijosing Stick!, Chases rrinlers' Furniture, Type Cases, Galleys, Ball Stocks' Skins, Harchmenl, PBlNTI^(i Ink, and every article used ()y I'rinters, of the best quality. Tlioy aIso_^ar_ry on, in a distinct department, the ^ . „ , , , ,. partnient to a large amount, and specimens of the Lanada Road— A public meeting has been held style of execution may he seen in a numiier of hand- at Bath, Gen. King presiding, at u hich resolutions '°^,<* works lately pul)lisbed, and now publishing, were passed in favour of the proposition of mak- ' hey have generally for sale, at a discount of from ing a road to Canada, and pledgin - the exertions ''"? '° '"?'^ ''" "^""l^ ''y'^" «''''=*• >'=»'''= '"'«^° "'^d of the meetin. to accomplish the object. ^l^^^i::::^^^''"''''''''- ""= ^'"^ ''^^"'''''^ is stated that Nos. 26, 8, 15, 9. have drawn )00, in a Rhode Island Lottery. If printers: publish the nuiny tlinusanJ.t ivhich draw ■!«, the charm would bo broken, and men J be left to acquire fortunes by honest and II industry. lilst in the United States every mail brings innouncement of half a dozen new journals, in da we perceive that tliey have a less rapid 'entation. Two papers have been diseontinu- ithin the week (the .^rgus and Minerva) for of patronage. rida Lands. — A traveller just returned from Ha, being asked his opinion about the fertility a country, observed — "that it was the most' ! country he ever saw, for the lands general- iduced about forty bushels of— frogs to the and alligators enough to fence it!!" — Salis- JV. C. pa. iSylvanus Harris, of Vernon, Vt. states, that This apple trees in each of the si.x months eding April, blossomed, and had .sir growths des. The first crop" came to maturity ; the I had no seeds in them, but gre.v as fast as apples. The Penobscot rirer was entirely clear of ice on tlio 13th inst. The wc.ithcr was pleasant, and rir.ers were busily engaged in the fields with titeir ploughs. Letters — 44,000 free letters were mailed at the I post offiic-e in Washington in the week ending on Tuesday, 12th inst. The Portsinoutli Journal says that true gymnas- tic exercises are becoming fashionable in that tov/n, and that many citizens now split and saw their wood, much for the benefit of their health and purses. The receipts for toll on the Erie and Champlain Canals during the present season are estimated at $700,(,00. The lighter schooner Mobile, having a cargo of lead for the shot lower, was sunk near Hellgate on Friday. It is expected she will bo got up. Mr Sheffield, one of the pilots of this port, rescued two of the men of the Mobile, who were near tlroa'jiingi making 14 men whom he has pickei' up within 15 months past. A cunning attempt was made by some smug- glers to introduce about £('00 of French silks into England, in the same vessel Mr Canning came, and mingled with his baggage, in the hope they would so pass detection ; but they were discovered and seized. A decree of the Colombian Government was issued to the Officers of the Army and Navy, di- recting them to wear mourning as a tribute to the memories of Mr Adams and Mr Jefferson. carcely percepii They have just completed specimens of a part of their ] ype, and a complete collection of specimens will he prepared in a few months. (C5=Order3 received at the Foundry Salem Street, or at their Counting and Ware Room, corner of Water and Devonshire Street, or addressed by letter to their Agent. JoHM GoRHAM Rogers, Boston Deer. 22. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening. Boston Type and Stereotype Foundry. The proprietors of the Type and Stereotype Foundry, establishment in Salem Street, Boston, by Messrs. T. II. Carter, & Co. have for the purpose of extending the concern, obtained an act of incorporation. Having united the Foundries of Messrs. T. H. Carter & Co. with that of Messrs. Edwin & Charles Starr, and having secured the services of Mr Edwin Starr, (who is be- on Thursday evening 14th. and a committee j lie^ed to ho the best and most experienced mechanic nted to draft a constitution and code of by- | ^■"S^'S^'tl '"/''^.^"""f' '".u^^^'^u'^ •'^'^'"f ''''"'i"" , „ , , ■ 1 IS constantly devoted to the mechanical department, or the government of the proposed society. | ^,^^ ^^^^..^^^^ ^,^^ procured experienced and faithful chool was sometime since opened in tins city, , workmen in all the other departments, in which they ^hanic Institutions. — A meeting of gentle- i favourable to the formation of an associa- ar mutual instruction in the arts and scien- 1 •nd such other branches of knowledge as are lated to promote the best interests ofme-i :s, and, render them more extensively tise- socicty, was held at Concert Hall in this e instruction of carpenters in the principles hitecture. tection. — The Concord (N. H.) Patriot men- that deer are growing plenty in the north- ection of that state. Several have lately Ukilled near Bath, in Grafton county. " It is pised the increase of wolves at the north of HJla has caused them to flee south for protec- 'i To escape the jaws of the wolf they run • 3t the rifle of the hunter ! have spared no expense to place the establishment the best possible footing, they are prepared to offer to Iheir customers, a greater variety of modern letter, than is probably to be found in any other Foundry in the United States. They promise, with confidence, that all articles furnished by them, shall be of the first quality, and that orders shall be promptly execut- ed, and on terms as favourable as those of other found- ries. They will furnish at short notice, TYPF.S of all sizes from Pearl In Fifteen Lines Pica, and in the sizes most used of a great variety of cut, as exhibited in their printing specimens, vrarrented to be made of APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. . - - . BEANS, white, - - . - . liEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No I, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. I. new, CHEKsE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX TLAX SEEO - - . . - . . TLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - ... Barley - ... Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Fhil. and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at rORK, Bone Middlings, new, nav}', mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover . - - . WOOL, Merino, full bIood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - . do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISIOJ^ MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - . - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " ■whole hogs, - - - VEAL, MUTTON, POflTTRY, --".... BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . - - - Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - bush bbl iHisb bbl bush lb fP.OM TO D. 1 25 1 75 85 00 87 00 105 00 110 00 1 50 1 75 C 25 8 50 6 25 6 50 5 00 5 SO 14 17 7 9 y 6 10 11 90 1 00 5 87 6 00 5 75 6 00 3 25 3 50 86 90 76 80 1 00 1 10 60 53 9 10 851 90 75. 80 2 50' 2 62 12 00 12 50 9 50 10 00 9 00 9 26 2 50 3 00 9; 10 30 20 28 23, 20 38' 28, 45 30 33 28 23 42 33 5 6 6 10 4 8 7 10 17 18 20 25 90 1 00 90 1 00 50 2i 1 75 176 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 2-.', IsitJ. l»IS0B2,I,AinES. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. CURE FOR USING TOBACCO. Ye, who are chewing, snuffing, smoking. Think, or think not, that I am jokir.g, When I declare, the solemn fact is. All may leave off this tempting practice. Let every one the process try, iO beg of all, and never buy. Smoke 'em. indicated between tintt number and those embod- ; iod in the returns of tlie mililia from the States, results from the exemptions from militia service, which, in some of the states, are equal to one half of the whole number, which from their ages should ' be enrolled. From our happy position in regard \ to Europe, and from t!io no less fortunate relations j maintained witli our neighbours, and their actual ; condition, it would appear t]ia.t keeping up a system ' of the militia so extensive as the present, and bur- thensome, without any advantage to a large class of our citizens, tvas absohitely unnecessary. A differ- Joftn*omana.—Dr Johnson said of Goldsmith, ^„^ organization, therefore, by which at hast a mil It is understood that a vessel « ill sail in a fe days from Pliiladelphia for Greece, with a car; of twelve or fifteen hundred barrtlj of flour,- donation from the merchants and others of tl city, to the suffering Greeks. The exports from the port of Pensacolu duif the year ending Sept. 1, consisted of 1, 803 bai of Cotton, 100,000 feet sawed Lumber, 305 Bricks, 857 Cedar Logs, 1,299 Ox Hides,! bales Deer Skins, 10 lihds do. 93 bbls Tallq do. Beeswax, 5 do. Otter Skins. " No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand, or more wise v/hen he had." Once vi'hen somebody produced a newspaper in lion and a lialf of our most useful citizens would be relieved from the unprof table pageantry of military parade, forfve or six days in the year, constituting which there was a letter of stupid abuse of Sir \so injurious a draft on their industry, viust be one Joshua Reynolds, ot which Johnson came in for a I which cannot fail to be rvell received by the Jlmeri- share, — " Pray, (said he) let us have it read aloud can people ; and when, too. it is believed, that not- from beginning to end;" which being done, ho [ withstanding this relief, a superior efficiency will with a ludicrous earnestness, and not directing his look to any particular person, called out, " Are we alive after all this satire !" Dr Johnson being in company with a gentleman who thought fit to maintain Dr Berkely's ingenious philosophy, that nothing exists but as perceived by some mind ; when the gentleman was going away Johnson said to him, " Pray, sir, don't leave us ; for we may perhaps forget to think of you, and then you will cease to exist." The following anecdote is said to be very char- acteristic of Richardson. One day at his country- house, where a large company was assembled at dinner, a gentleman who was just returned from be imparted to tliis natural arm of the national de fence." It is stated in the Boston Recorder, that two captains of companies have lately died from fatigue and sickness occasioned by the late Division Mus- ter at Dedham. It is really worthy of serious con- sideration, whether the idleness and dissipation in- cident to many of our militia trainings do not coun- terbalance all the benefits to be derived from this childish, " unprofitable pageantry of military pa- rade." The annual produce of the agriculture and cries of Frande, is estimated at 4,i>7-,7'28|l francs; and of the French manufactures 1 1,830,105,409. I The celebrated horse Duroc, the sire of Eclij &c. died last Friday week, at his owner's resii~ in Hyde Park, Long Island. I' On the Transference of Fish from Salt Water to Fresh. — A letter from Mr Meynell, of Yarm York- shire, has been read to the Wernerian Naturalist Paris, willing to please Mr Richardson, mentioned i Society, on changing the habits of fishes, and te him a very flattering circumstance,— that he had 1 mentioning that he had, for four years past, kept een his Clarissa lying on the King's brother's ta- 'he smelt, or spirling (Sa/mo £;)eWan!(S,) in a fresh- water pond, having no communication with the sen by means of Tees or other .vise ; and that tlie smelts had continued to thrive, and bred as freely as when they enjoy intercourse with the sea. [Littel's Museum.] Dr. Comstock, of this City, has found on chemical process by v/hich to render leather, cl and divers other things, impervious to watei We saw a pair of prunella shoes which did dilter at all in appearance from ordinary shoe that kind, that had been soaked in the wate: days without the least dampness on the insid To what purpose, or how extensively the means to apply his discovery, is what ho hio has perhaps not yet determined, but it has ea appearance of being a most important one. said to us positively that it is a very different tl so far as he could find out, from any of the | for such purposes that have ever before been or recommended. [Hartford Mirr ble. Richardson observing that part of the com pany were engaged in talking to each other, af- fected then not to attend to it. But by-and-by, u hen there was a general silence, and he thought that the flattery might be fully heard, he addres- sed himself to the gentleman, " I think, sir, you were saying something about ," pausing in a high flutter of expectation. The gentleman, pro- voked at his inordinate vanity, resolved not to in Cruelty to the Brute Creation ; by Dr. Parr. — The minds of children are open to impressions of every sort, and indeed wonderful is the facility with which a judicious instructor may habituate dulge it, and with an exquisitely sly air of indif- Uijem to tender emotions. I hiae, therefore, ul- ference answered, » A mere trifle, sir, not worth ^^^g considered mercy to beings of an inferior repeating." The mortification of Richardson was species, as a virtue which childr-^n are very capa- Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plant. D. & C. LA.NDRETH. JVursery, Scedsn :men, arid Florisls, 1 Philadki.phQII" liand for sale, a very exti I'' excessive, and he did not speak ten words more the whole day. Dr Johnson was present, and en joyed it much. — Boswell's Life of Johnson. The Mililia. — There is at present, among our most judicious citizens, great doubts as to the util- ity of our present militia system. Gen. Jones, who for many years has held a high office in the militia of North Carolina, and can certainly speak from experience, says in a late letter to the legislature of that state, that he considers the militia system as unnecessary, and worse than useless; that instead of maki ng good soldiers it dissipates good citizens ; and instead of diffusing a military spirit, it gene- rates a disgust and contempt for it in the minds of industrious mechanics and farmers. By the fol- lowing extract from the last 'report of the Secreta- ry at War, it appears that similar sentiments are held at Washington : '' I cannot abstain from calling your attention to the highly interesting fact, that we have, accord- ing to the last census, two millions of male citizens batween the ages of 18 and 45. The difTerenco ble of learning, but is most difficult to be taught if the heart has been once familiarised to specta- cles of distress, and has been permitted either to behold the pangs of any living creature with cold insensibility, or to ijjiflict on them wanton barbarity. A man of sensibility is always either in the attic of ecstacies, or the cellar of sorrow ; either jumping with joy or groaning with grief. But pleasure and pain are like a cucumber — the ex- tremes are good for nothing. I once heard a late minister compared to the same vegetable, " For," said the punster, " his ends are bad." More hearts pine away in secret anguish, for unkindness in those who should be their comfort- ers, than for any other calamity in life. The number of persons employed in tlie office of the National Intelligencer, including editors, reporters, &.c. is one hundred. Three hundred reams of paper have been consumed in one week in the above office. HAVE constantly on ha collection of Fruit Trees. Hardy Ornamental TVei Shrubs. Green House Plants, Bulbous Roots, G Seeds, &c. fcc. not exceeded by any similar est; ment in the United States. j, J in their selection of IRUITS for cultivationil care and attention has been paid, and from an i cy with the subject of many years, they believej l,ll judiriouslv. The ORMAMKNTAL PLANTS, both tend hardy, which they are now cultivating, are somi most esteemed and admired of both native andj The GARDEN SEEDS, ofwhich a large a: ral assortment is cultivated, are exclusively own rearing, for which purpose a number of a0 tached to the establishment are appropriated, aj| the moment they are planted, through all the S stages of their growth and ripening are under th" mediate care and superintendence, consequent! are enabled lo assure purchasers not only of the f but quality. Persons ordering any of the articles on their Itigue, m'ly be assured of having them well and packed, and ofevery atttn'ion being paid to the* thai they will give satisfaction. Orders received by Messrs. PARKER & COD No. 9 Congress-square, near the Exchange House, Boston, of whom priced Catalogues whole may be had gratis. If. Dec (im 0O=Publishcd every Friday at Three Dollars ) num, payable at the end of the year — but tha pay within sixty days from the lime of subscribi entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procure/ipe responsible sube are entitled to a sixth volume gratis. ^EW ENGLAND F'^RMER. ■ubUshea by Joh.n ii. Russell at the corner nf fongross a.ul Lin.lall Str.-rt., (ontrm.co from Lindall Strcot].-Tuo-., a. C. Kkssknoep., fidkorr )KIGINAL PAPERS. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1826. No. 28. lUNIA PSEUDACACIA, Ytllow Locust Tree. Ir EuiroR — Much is said on the increasinjr city of fire-wood and timber, especially in the iiity of our growing sea-ports, even in this iitry, yet in its infancy, and but a few years covered with forests ; and mucli is fell by those liave to give the exorbitant price, that fire 1 commands, and already is the attention of St all turned to its substitute, coal. If you to many of our farmers, they will tell you that liave fire wood enough to last as long as they I live, and they cannot think of planting acorns alnuts, &c. for tlie time is so far distant when shall rcalixe any profit from tliem, they are willing to make the sacrifice of time and mon- o the growing of forests. They are looking ■c.-eiit profits. a|>peurs to me that this subject is of sufficient irt.ince to justify our State Lejiislaturcs in of. 15 a bounty on the cultivation of the most val- 16 kinds of timlier. But should tlicy not be ing to legislate on this subject, would it not ver a valuable purpose in our agricultural so- s, which are e.x'ercising such a salutary in- ice, should they offer a premium for the best es, of so many acres each, of oaks, walnuts, St trees, &c. to be awarded some future day, ten or twelve years hence ?* eeling the great importance of encouraging growth of forests, I would beg leave to sutr. a few hints on the cultivation of one of the profitable and useful forest trees, viz. the one e head of this article. Of this valuable tree lieve there are two kinds, or species, growing ty generally throughout New England, at least r as my information extends, viz. the yellow the white locust. The latter is very inferior ilue to the former. While the white decays oon as the chesnut, or any common forest d, the yellow is superior in point of durability ly kind of timber. rhaps an ignorance of this difference in the ties has prevented a just estimate of this val- e tree, and that attention to its cultivation that nerits demand. The two kinds may be easily nguished by pealing the bark, or cutting a from the wood. The bark of the white is 3 smooth and peals off more readily, and the d is more sappy than the yellow. The white omparatively worth but little except for fire d. The yellow locust is much used for trls for architecture. That day of disgrace is passing away, and to you gentlemen, we owe no small tribute for the part which you have taken in effecting this change. — Your collection of plants of all sorts both American and foreign — your catalogues, witli tlie scientific names, afford facilities which can be no where else found. So far as I have had occasion to import flower- ing plants from you, I h.ive found them correct ; and every man who is desirous of forming a col- lection of native or exotic plants, may be assuied, that thoy will receive them from you with th^ir right names. As to the fruit department, I can say less ; be- cause I have imported of late years but few trees. It is true, as you admit in your catalogue, that iJi former days some of your fruit trees were misnam- per acre. This estimate will give for the co 8.50,000 pounds of the former, and 08,000 bus of the latter. Owing to the great quantities ra and to other causes, tiie price of the brush, we derstand, is lower than for some years past ; I sales have been made at from 3i to (3 cents, pound, according to the quality. The seed is w 25 or 30 cents per bushel. Broom corn, it sei is like other agricultural products — any mat increase of the quantity usually raised reduces! price of the whole crop. When the cultivation any article has reached the amount of consunipti an increase of the crop will lower the price We are informed that the first broom corn so|| in this part of the country was raised by the Rev. Samuel Hopkins of Hadley, about the 1778, from seed obtained in the vicinity of Bost Our good mothers and grandmothers, we suppi ed; they did not always correspond with European j l:>'l't Hieir bouses clean with brooms made of fruits of the same name. I observe you have of | or birch, and sometimes of husks. — Ibid. late cautiously and severely corrected those er- rors, and the fruits which I have recently tes- ted from your garden, have been correct Feeling as I do, that the taste for flowers, or rather to speak more extensively, the relish for the beauties of nature, is gaining ground in our coun- try, as it must do ; I could not refrain from ex- pressing to you my thanks, as an individual, for the great share you had in promoting this inno- cent and delightful taste. , I am afraid you have gone ahead of your age, and have expended a capital in this ornamental part of gardening, which will be very slowly reimbursed, if ever, but it is clear that we should never make any advances without an establishment so convenient and so necessary as yours. There is one advantage which your garden enjoys, and which cannot readi- ly be taken from you : the climate of Long Island is ono which is adapted to furnish plants for all the .Vorthern, and most of the Middle and Atlantic, as well as Western states. I most sincerelv wish If'ar in Africa. — A great batttle was fouglii the 7th Aug. between 11,000 native and ot troops under the British Governor, and Ashantees, and their allies, in which the L for yourselves success and remunerations ; and, vvere defeated for your counti-y your steady and spirited continua- tion of your efforts. I have the honour to be Gentlemen, Respectfully yours, Am. Farm. J. LOWELL. Massachusetts Venison. — Over 100 Deer have been killed this season in the Plymouth and Sand- wich woods. They arc unusually plenty and very fine. GROWTH OF A SYCAMORE. In the year 1781, Mr Joseph Smith, of Had brought from Hockanum a sprout of button-bal sycamore, not so large as his finger, and set it the earth near his house, where it lived and flc ished. He cut it down on the 12th inst. and fo by measuring, that what was only a ridini; ^l 45 years ago, was now a tree 94 feet in !ioi. and four feet in diameter about a foot from ^ ground, where it was chopped off. — Ibid. i According to some reports from the West Ini the British Officers seem to act with harshnei executing the order for excluding American sels from the Colonies. It is probable this will disapproved at home. I Unprecedented sale of a ninepenny pamphlet We are credibly informed that tiicre have bd already printed and sold, of the " Parmer's AliJ nack," by R. B. Thomas, Esq. published by Riii ardson & Lord, for the next year, upwards J^inety Thousand copies ! [Boston Statesman*! There is a project on foot in Germany to ur the Weser and the Rhine, by means of acanaK ' :ol. V No. 0:1. NEW ENGLAND FAUMi.rv. •.■idgcd ridicrSffroin the BuUctiH ties Sciences, lor the Hampshire Guztlle. GRAIN. k FOc.i(?ly in the depiiitmpiit of Ain, which has 'c various e.vporiir.ents upon (!if1'ei-ciit kinds of J,,, lin, reports that suring wheat docs not suoceeil their clayey plains. ' It i^ absnlutely necessary.' s the report, " that spring wheat should bo vn very ear!y ; this kind of grain requires mi W, npish weather ; a dry May reduces the crop to lOi^t nothina;." — " We must therefore leave it I Ithe valleys of our mountains, where the dews e more abundant, the rains of May more certain, d the sun less w-arm." Tliey made some ex- riment-a with sprin0. and the largest S.iS. FnO.M THE Missonu HLHaLD. ficnfrnl^^lshtrifs Rxjtedidnn — Tlie irceul ex[ ctli- lion of tieiiprai Aslilcy tn tlie country west of lliu Riirliy Mouiilains has bi-eii jirnriuclive iil iiil'r nimtioii on snIijiT.ts of no small inli^rest to tlic peoplu nf tlie u- iiion. It Ims proveil tliat the ovcrlaml cxporiilions, in V,m,i: liodies, n ay he maiUi to that remote rra;ion, u-itluiut the ht!ccssity of transpniting provisions tor ui.iM or Least. (!cn AsliK'y Icli St. i-oiii? in MhicIi last anil letiirned in .^cptetnbev. His return cnrnvau con^i.^tvul of upvvarHsofone iMiiulrefl horses and mules, anilinoie (iian half tliat nunilier of men. lie wont to the station of tiic party he hail Infi lieyonri the moun- tains, when he came in a year ago, and tlicnco de- scemlfd a river, believed to be tlie Buenaventura, a bout one hmidred and fifty niiles lo the (ireat Lake His return march to f?t. Louis occupied about 7U days, each mule and bursa carrying nearly two liun- d'cd [loundsof heaver fur — the animals keeping J^ieir stiensili and flesli on the grass wbicb tliey f>>uin|, and wid'out loosing any lime on this long journey. The men also fiiund an abundance of (cod ; they say there \va.'< 110 day,in wliirli tliey could nnt have subsisted a taoosand men, an I ofien ten ".bousand. IJuffaloe funiislied Ilic principal food— water of the best (piali- ty was met with every day. The whole tome lay through a level and open country, better for carriages than any turnpike road in th." U. States. Wagons and carriages could go with ease as far as General Ashley wei.i, crossing the Rocky Mountains at the source of the north fork of the Platte, and descending the valley of the Hupiiaveiitina towards the Pacific Ocean. The l-ike wliicli terminated the expedition westward, is a mo.'t remarkable body of water, and heretofore un- known, unless from vague accounts It is estimated to be one hundred miles long and sixty or eighty wide. It was coasted last spring hy a paity of General Ash- ley's men in canoes, who were occupied four and In enly days in making its circuit. They did not ex- actly ascertain it's oiiilet, but passed a* place where iliey suppose it must luivebeen. The water of this lake i, much sailer than that of the sea. Some of Ihe salt 'Obtained itoiu this 'vater by boiling, lias been brought in by Gen. Ashley— he has also brought some spe- rimens of rock salt, found in a strata several feet thick at the surface of the ground, with streams of water running ihiough it m numerous li;;le channels. The peopis in the mountains plentifully supply themselves with sail at this spot, and carry it home in bags. In the whole expedition. Gen. Ashley did not lose a man, nor had any one of those died whom lie left ' behind last year, many of whom have tieen out four or five yea's, and are too happy in the freerlom of those villi regions to think of returning to tUe com- parative thraldom of civilized life It would seem that no ateinpt has been made to ascertain the pre- cise latiiiiife and long.iude of the jioiiit at which Gen. A-' i"V crossed tlie mounta us It is to hoped thatthi> ■ .11 not be neglected on the next expedition. Kroin ail i lat we can learn, the elevation is exceed- ingly small were the passage of the mountain was ef- fected— so suall a.5 hardly tit^ffecl tl,c rate of going of the ciravan, and I'oruiiug at ihe most, an angle of three degrees, being two degtees less than the steepest ascent on Ihe Cuitberland road. Avthenlirfrom Colr.ml'ia -The IVa;:oual Intelli- gencer of Saturday puMis'.es ihe following imeresting couMiHinicalion fro.ii ihe Secre-aiy of Stale of Coloin- bia.io Wr. Salazar, Minister Plenipotentiary in this country. It is dated at Bogota, Gib iS'ovember. "I hasten to inform you tiiat, accor''ing to official information which has just been received tlie Presi- dent Liheralor will arrive in this cdy on the Mlh inst. '1 he people, as was anti-^ipated, Kave begun to see their ardent wishes realized; fur,\ince the 12th of September, V, I've Ins Excellency arrived at Guayaquil, ea'-b day has given prooff«'f the desire of his Excel- lency to promote the true happiness of (.'olomliia, and of Ihe afiictionate r"s|)ect of the Colombians towards their li'-'nefaetor. The result has been, up to this lime. II.' complete i eiMalilisIm rut of consliliitional order :ii iIr; Department of Ecuador. Gtiai|Uil, and A.suay. efi'. eteri hv persuasion and not by the exercise of authority In one of the Deparlnienis one only of the Inten lams has been removed— Ihe Commandant Geneial only in another. This conciliatory conduct, so coiiloimable to that which has been observed hy the (iovermnent, is the best proof ol union and public safety ; and ( hope to be al le before lung to commu- nicate lo you that the law has recovered its authority in all the extent of Colombia. With perfect respect ajid distinguished considera- tion, 1 am vour otedient humble servant. JOSEPH RRLVENG A." MECILI ..Vies • M EF.riMG. Mr. Ediiiir— I li.ive seen a notice ill sevcriil nfile Newspapers of a meeiing to he held lhiscvciiii.i< of the meclmniCB. and others, Iriemlly to the arts, llie ohji ri of which appears to be to encouingo by a course of public liciures. Ihe sciences as connected tviih the me- chanic aris. Tn infiife inio ih.e labouring classes a spirit of ini|uiry on tliesB subjects, isceriainiv a laiula- blo object, and cannot but meet the appiotation ol ev. ^•rv eidiehiened man. It is well know n that societies i-f ihe I.hid ab'iv.: alluded 10, I'ave been estabimhed in all ilie iiriiii i|>al (ities ill Great Britain, aim have I een aili'iuled with singular success. Some of the mosi sci- eiinrK: u!eii,andenligbleneil philaiithrr)| ists of Europe have espresscd their high approhallon, of tlie olijecis coiitemplateil, and have aided in a pecuniary niamu r similar institutions. In ourown country, considerable progress has also been made. The "jXim-York Mc chiiiiic and Siiciilijic Institution.'''' incniporated in 1822; and the "Fhaxklix I.mtitutf." of Philadelphia, incorporaled in 1824, numtier among their n:en litis some of the most respectable artists and n»echanicsof the country, and these institutions are yearly incii'as- ing in usefulness and respectability, t-hall liostou re. .ii'ain inactive.' Shall Boston, which has ol.tained the reputaiion of being the most literary city in Ihe Union, shall Boston sufiei' herself lo be eclipsed by her sister ciiies in this respect.' No. There are talent, spirit and capital enough in Boston, to esteblish au institution which will rival any in the Onion. Let us begin, let every man who is desirous of raising the reputation of our city attend the meeting thi.- evening, and aid by his presence and exertion the laudable object which those who called the meeting are desirous ol obtaining. FRANKLL\. Sketches of Character. — A writer in the ButTalo Journal is amusing himself, (says the N. V. Gazette) withdrawing sketciies of the manners and character of visiters theie Irnm various cities of the Union.— The following is a specimen of his style :— "The Philadelphia (air I're distinguished by the mildness of their inanoers, and their fondness for con- versation or aptness at small talk. They have much of what the French stv'.etm bonyr.int in their appear- ancc, generally handsome, and suinetimes beautiful, and would be more agreeable with less e-.cn;on In ap- pearso. They are usually accompanieil w iih n qua- ker father, or a dull news reading husband, who are continually boring their auditors with Schuylkill W a- ter Works and regular streets. Your real Philadelphia buck rarely ventures beyond ihe bouiuls of civilization which he conceives to be limited by the bound" -"" native city." '■'' "'llie.New-York cockneys are known by their aflec- ted pronuncialicn ; they either clip their words or lisp prettily, and express a mortal aveision to yankeyism. Talk 10 them of groves and fountains, and they will silence you with phrases of castle garden and the bat- terv— Speak of Ihe falls of Niagara, and they will recite Ihe wonders of the city hall. Their dislike ot the counlry is evident (rom the anxiety which they manifest for a speedy and safe return to their friends. They are in the main harmless fellows, and are held in high esteem hy out tavern keepers, as they eat little, spend their money like princes, and never ask the items of a bill. We have seen no very favorable spe- cimens of New-York belles. The waiting maids are altogeilier finer women than their mistresses. '1 hey are reserved, to dullness, and appear 10 hold the na- tives in great contpiiipl, much 10 the mortification o( sundry of our small gentry, who esteem themselves vastly pretty fellows. " Red Jacket is thought by them to be the only distinguished personage ill the western district, and 1 have known a company of city belles to stand an hour in a bar-room lisieuing to a conversa- tion held with him hv a learned gentleman of their par- ty, t! e cunning Indiiin nodding his head in re|ily to vvhathecniild, by no possibility, have nnderstnori. The Albany beau is quite the reverse of his New- York neighbor He drinks brandy and talks politics, swears at the servants, and quarrels with his lanrllord, and is in fact what he styles himself, 'a leal roarer." The ladies under his protection are usually handsome, 'but resemble their gallant in iudiscieiion ; they romp the streets wilhout proiectiim, address strangeis with the utmost confidence, and look country gentlemen out of countenance. '•The Bostonians are decidedly favorite?.— The ad- dress nf the elderly Boston gentleman is highly prepos- sessing. He is affable, courteous and intelligent, wears powder, and dresses for dinner, and hassomcthing ot the I.T5tcentuiv in his appearance. We have more beauty from Boston than any other niaiket. Good sense, and delicacy in thought and manner, are the cliar.-»cteristics ol a New-Eiigland female, but there is something peculiarly agreeable in the tout enseinble of a iJoston lady. Neither hauglily nor atfecied, they are particular in their society and elegant m their niaii- ncrs, and retain in some n>easure the excellent quali- ties of the old fashioned English- gentlewoman. of his lOU i>li.W ENGLAND FARMER. [rBEPARED FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FAaMER.] THE KULBEhRY IN HINDDSTAN Is cultivated in a different manner from what it is in Europe. It is raised froin cuttings, eight or ten of which are planted together in one pit, smd the pits are distributed over the field at tJie distance of two or three feet every way. These cuttings being well firmed jrt the lower eftls, soon form stools about the heiglit of a raspberry bash, and from these the leaves are gathered. The stools are cut over once a year to encourage the produc- tion of vigorous shoots from the roots. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL FETE OK THE CHI.N'ESE. This deserves to be noticed. Every year on the fifteenth of tlie first moon, which generally cor- responds to some day in tlie beginning of our Marcli, the Emperor in person goes through the ceremony of opening tlie ground ; he repairs in great state to the field appointed for this ceremony. The princes of the imperial family, the presidents of the five great tribunals, and an immense num- bes of mandarins atten^ him. Two sides of the field are lined with the officers of tlie emperor's house,th9 third is occupied by different mandarins; the fourth is reserved for all the laborers of the province, who repair thither to see their art hon- ored, and practiced by the head of the empire. — The emperor enters the field alone,prostrates him- self, and touches the ground nine times with his head in adoration of Tien, the God of heaven. lie pronounces with a loud voice a prayer prepared by the court of ceremonies, in which he invokes the blessing of the Great Being on his labor, and on that of his whole people. Then, in the capacity of chief priest of the empire, he sacrifices an ox, in homage to heaven as the fountain of all good. While the victim is off'ered on the altar, a plough is brought to the emperor, to which is yoked a pair of oxen, ornamented in a most magnificent style. The prince lays aside his imperial robei, lays hold of the handle of the plough with his riglit hand, and opens several furrows in the direction of north and south; then gives the plough into tlie hands of the chief mandarins, who. laboring in ' succession, display their comparative dexterity. — The ceremony concludes with a distribution of money, and pieces of cloth as presents, among the laborers ; the ablest of whom e.xecute the rest of the work in the presence of the emperor. After the field has received all the necessary work and manure, the emperor returns to commence the sowing with similar ceremony, aad in presence of the laborers. These ceremonies are performed on the same day by the viceroys of all the provin- ces. LARGEST TREE. The boabab (Adansonia digilata,) is a native of Congo, in Africa. This tree, discovered by the celebrated French botanist, Adanson, is considered the largest in the world ; several measured by this gentlemen were from G5 to 78 feet in circumfer- ence, but not extraordinarily high. The trunks were from 12 to 15 feet high, before they divided into many horizontal branches, which touched the ground at their extremities ; these were from 45 to 55 feet long, and were so large that each branch was equal to a monstrous tree ; and where tlie water of a neighbouring river had washed away the earth so ae to leave the roots of one of these trees bare and open to the sight, they measured 110 feet long, without including those parts of the roots which remained covered. It yields a fruit which resembles a gourd, and which serves for vessels of various uses ; the bark of which furnish- ! es them with a coarse thread, which they form in- to ropes and into cloth, with which the natives cover their middle from the girdle to the knees ; j and the small leaves of which supply them with | food in a time of scarcity, while the large ones are j used for covering their houses, or by burning for j the manufactory of good soap. — Loudon. \ ENGLISH NOTICES OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE. ; Agricultural operations in the United States are skilfully performed by the farmers of capital, who have all the best implements of Europe. By the poorest settlers this is not the case, for want of stock ; and by the native American farmers, from indolence, which, according to all accounts, is their general defects An American laborer is most expert at the use of the axe and the scythe ; the spade he handles in a very awkward manner, and has no idea of banking, hedging, clipping, or cutting hedges, and many other operations known to every laborer in a highly cultivated and enclosed country like Britain. But tlie versatility of talent of nn American laborer amply compensates for his inexperience in these operations, and is more use- ful in his circumstances. In handling the saw, the hammer, and even the trou-el, the British laborer has no chance with him. Most of them can build a house, mend a plough or wagon, and even the harness, and kill and dress sheep and pigs. Field labors in .\merica require to be performed with much greater expedition than in England. — The winter is long and severe, and the transition to sp'ing is sudden ; this season in many provinces only lasts a few weeks, when summer commences, and the ground becomes too hard and dry for the operation of tillage. Tlie operations of seed-time must therel'ore be performed with the greatest ra- pidity. As a country for a British farmer to emigrate to. we consider the United States as superior to every other, in two res|iects. First on account of its form of government : by which property is secure, personal liberty greater than any where else, con- sistently with public safety ; and both maintained at less expence than under any government in the world. Secondly, on account of the stock of peo- ple being generally British, and speaking the same language. The only objection we have to .'Vraerica is the climate, the long and severe winter, and the rapid and hot spring and summer. Equally good land, and nearly as cheap, may be had in the south of Russia and in Poland, as in .\merica ; but who that knovNs any thing of the governments of those countries, or even of Germany and France, would voluntarily put themselves in their power while the United States are accessible ? Who would live in a cduntry of tyrannic nobles, often very deficient of moral principle ; and of a peasantry little better than hogs, and not so well fed and lodged as that animal is in England ? Who would live in a country of passports, of spies, and swarming with beggnrly gentry, wohlaeborne, hochwohlgeborne. ediljieborne, hochedelgeborne, &c. ; and where exists that precious article hochjagt ; being a des- cription of game which no man may pursue under I the rank of prince ? Who would emigrate to Han- over if he could settle in France ; and who would 'go there if he could accomplish the voyage to the 1 United States ? — Loudon. Dec. 29. IH^*;. From the ■ Middlebury Standard. FARMERS, SAVE YOUR STRAW. On the first settlement of a new country farmers at once enter upon a system of m;ina£-i their farms, which will produce the most from same labour, and m.ake no calculations for prod ing the most from the same land. This so far is correct, as labour is high and la! low ; but the great error lies in this,that they pu sue this system with a vie,v to their present crJ only, and of course exhaust the soil and renderl so unproductive, that wiihin a fe* years they o] tain much less from tlie same labour than Ihi would do, were they to expend more kbour in ii nuring snd tilling th.'ir ground. This has be. witnessed by every obse-ving man from the fi settlement of this State down lo the present ti In nil parts- of t!ie St.te an ; ttention to manuri and tilling their ground had become habitual bi fore necessity compelled them to alter their cour: Other habits also were acquired during the earl settlement of the country equally injurious to thi fariuiag interest, many of which to a great degree are continued. Hay soon becoming plenty and cheap ina new settlement, straw of every kirn! has been considered of no value, and has been tlirowa into heaps or thrown about the yard without any. view of making use of it for stock of any kind. It is but a few years since tiiat pea straw was never saved or made use of for fodder : the farmers of course usually let their peas remain in the -tiavc until it turned black and become of no use for fod- der, by means of wbicli the crop of peas was great- ly injured. In England the peas are harvested while the tops are green, and two tons of pea straw bring the price of one ton of hay, and tliose farmers in this State who have pursued the same course, are satisfied that this estimate is neaid? correct and the practice of preserving pea stravv has become very general to the grent benefit of the agricultural interest. But the farmers seem to be more averse to the making that use of wheat and rye straw for fodder, which is made in all other countries which have made any considerable advances in the science of Agriculture. In F.ngland, wheat and rye straw are as care- fully preserved and as economically expended for fodder as hay — Every farmer has what he calls his straw-yard, where his young stock is kept wholly on straw, and this notwithstanding the dis- advantages of the climate. In England" they al- ways have what we call a very open winter, the weather changeable, and- the ground bare the greatur part of the time. Every one has observed the greater difficulty in keeping a stock upon straw in such a winter. They also feed their straw to horses, cows and oxen, and they would as soon waste their hay as their straw ; and I cannot per- ceive why it is not as useful for a Vermont farmer to make use of his straw for fodder as for the Eng- lish farmer. I heard a very intelligent and suc- cessful farmer of this county remark some years since, that he could not afford to keep a stock of cattle without raising grain so that he could feed them principally with straw, nor could he afford I to raise grain unless he kept a stock of cattle to j feed upon his straw. But to make the best use of [ straw for the feed either of cattle or horses, it has j long since been found that it is necessary to cut it ^ in some kind of machine. The Dutch from their I first settlement in the State of New York, kept their horses on cut straw and meal, making use of M.x No.a;i. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 181 iiplo machine coiisistiiiij only of a box ami , ami this was Uie only machine for cuttinir ,v known in New En^'laml until within a few past. In England various machines for cut- struw have been invented and in general use, as is the case with most of the English labor 11^' machines, they are too complirateu and too ?nsivo; those now in general use cost from fit' J eighty dollars A variety of machines for insi straw have been invente.l in New Eng- 1, more simple in their construction and le.-is ensive ; tlic most valuable of these is Safford's iw Cutter. Accordinir to accounts given ot w Cutters, straw can be out by none of them 1 greater facility or despatch than with this, ough it costs but about one tliird the sum that e cost. is a subject of regret to every friend of the icnltuial interest of thy .State, that they are n»orc gemral use. Let any fiirmcr who Ies considerable grain use one oc'these machine:! one winter, and there is no danger that he j!d ever be without one ajrain. A far ■> r of Addison County. f^Mr Newell, No. 5'2 North Market street, has cral kinds of Straw Cutters for sale. ON WOOD TAR. Vhen wood is distilled in iron long necks, or in'ers, as they are now usually called by en- leers, a large quantity of vinegar is obtained. 1 the charcoal that is left in the distilling ves- 3 differs much from the ordinary charcoal, in tituliir by its much greater lightness, as it has half the specific gravity of that made in the oimon way. This charcoal is found to be par- ularly well adapted for the use of the uunpow- • manufacturer ; but the iron master will not hnse it. When the vinegar is suffered to stand a few eks. in deposits a pet;uliar kind of tar in con- erable quantity ; the same kind of tar is also ■I in the rectification of this pyroligneous acid, vinegar of wood. Peat being distilled in the xhe manner, yields also pyroligneous aciJ, and a similar to the wood tar. IThis tar has for many years been a burden up- the hands of the manufactureis, and many ns of it have been buried in the ground, merely get rid of it. One great inconvenience attends deed the use of this wood tar, as it will not lite with the pitch and tar, in common use. Tfet for every kind of wood fence it is the very St preservative that can be applied — being firat ated in an iron pot, and laid on with a brush. soaks eo completely into the wood the first ne it is put on, that one would suppose it were no value, as it leaves no body on tiie surface : it after the wood has been exposed for some iys to the sun, it will be found, upon examina- on, that not only the surface, but even the tex- ire ofthe wood are considerably altered, for the ood will be found so hard, that it will require a uch more considerable force to make any im- ression upon it than would have beeu required sfore the application ofthe wood tar. A second and especially a third coat of this rood tar applied to wood, will bear out and proba- |ly preserve all wood work exposed to the weath- !r, much more effectually than any other known lethod. For ornamental work, and indeed for all good utside work, it will be advisable, after laying on one or two coats of the tar, to finish the work with white-lead and oil as usual. Besides the increased liardness which this w'ood tcr imparts to wood, it ha.s also the properly of preserving it from worms and insects ; even when the woo ! is already worm eaten and growing rot- ten, it stops the progress of the decay. When a little adtlitional expense is not an ob- ject of consideration, there are several composi- lious by which the appearance of the wood work to which it is applied, is much bettered. Such, tor instance, is adding- an ounce of tallow and two ounces of powdered rosin to each gallon of the 'v ood tar, and using the composition hot ; this looks extremely well. Another composition is, to add two ounces of powdered green vitriol, or cop- peras, to each gallon of heated tar. For the purpose of making a varnish for goods mode of rolled iron, or east iron, half a pint of spirit of wine may he added to a gallon of wood tar : if this composition is laid on hot, and proper- ly hardened in a warm room, it forms a beautiful hb-^k varnish. It must be remarked that this wood tar is en- tirely different from the mineral tar distilled from some coals recommended by the Earl of Dunde- nald. — Load. Mech. Jour. TiTE Olden Time. Diet Drink. The follovr- ing recipe of Dr Ross was in use somewhat more than a century ago, in Portsmouth, N. H. " Take dandelion, liverw ort, agrimony, violets, strawberry leaves, of each one handful ; St John's wort, balm, hysop, scabius wood, bettony, rosema- ry, sage, of each two handfuls ; scurvy grass, half a han Iful ; lign. vitfe dust 2 pound ; roots of sas- saparill, sassaphrass, of each half a pound ; of parsley and sparrow-grass of each six ounces : seeds of carraway, dill, and coriander, ty'd up in a bag, of each two ounces. Brew all in the wort ot a bush' 1 of malt, wch. you are to drink at pleas- ure. Add roots of el-er three pound." — Ms. Jour. Cupping glasses to poisoned wounds have been proved by some experiments of Dr Barry and others, to prevent the absorption of the venomous matter. Wounds were made upon the backs and thighs of full grown rabbits ; and after the bleed- ing had ceased, two or three grains of strychnia powder, or two or three drops of hydrocinic acid were introduced into them. Then at intervals of three, five and ten minutes, a cupping glass was applied, to the wound, renewing it as often as it fell off. No symptoms of poisoning occurred in these animals ; but if the cups were not applied, they all died. — Archives Generales. Cider Making At Mr Peter S. Scof eld's pa- tent cider mill, near Paris Hill, N. York, one hun- dred and seventy barrels of cider were made in sixteen hours, with one grmder or grater and three presses, and most of it returned the same day to the owners. Seventy bushels of apples have been well ground for the press in twenty minutes at this mill ; and no less than 2'250 barrels of cider have been made this season. [Statesman.] Rail Road from Boston to Albamj — A route for a rail road has just been explored from Boston to Stockbridge and from Stockbridge through Cana- an, Chatham and Kinderhook to Albany. The Northern Whig observes, that many individuals of sound judgment and practict.l acquaintance with such subjects, are sanguine in their belief of its feasibility and utility. coiuai. The following Medicine for a cough has per- formed such extraordinary cures, in private prac- tice ; that the possessor is induced to publish it for the benefit of society : — Take six ounces of iValian liquorice (that stamped Solez/.i is by far the be.^^t) cut into small pieces, and put into an earthen jar, with a quarter of a pint of the best white wine* vinegar, simmer together until the liquorice is dissolved then add two ounces of oil of almonds, and hidf an ounce of tincture of opium, stir the whole well together, and it is fit for use. Take two tea spoons full when going to bed, and the same quantity whenever the cough is trouble- some in the day time. [Hartford Times.] Precocity of the Ribband Cane. — A stock of Ribband Cane of the second year's growth, plant- ed by Mr Charles Morgan, on his lands ten miles above Pointe Coupee Church, (arrond) tasseled on the 2flth of October. It was, at the moment oftasseling, fifteen feet high. The frost of the IHth. of November injured the leaves,' but the cane itself remained unaffected by the frost as late as the 26th of last month. We think these facts worthy of record, inasmuch as they demonstrate that a larger portion of our soil than is generally supposed will suit the cultivation of sugar. [N. Orleans paper.] American Olives. — The editor of a Georgia pa- per has received a peck of olives, raised in that ■;tate, which afe pronounced equil to those from Sicily. If the editor can appreciate the present we give him joy. Cotton. — The Worcester Spy says " We have seen several balls of Cotton, raised this season, in the garden of Daniel Waldo, Esq. in this town. The cotton is perfectly ripe, and of a good tex- ture and staple. From the Repertory of Arts for .Vot>. 1826. PATENT CEMENT &c. FOR BUILDING. Substance of a Sptcifcation of a Patent granted to Abraham Henry Chambers, of London, for an improvement in the manufacture of a building cement, composition stucco, or plaster, Sfc. " My improvement consists in the use and em- ployment of certain burnt or vitrified earths or earthy substances, and of certain metallic and oth- er substances, which I cause to be ground or oth- ervvise reduced to powder, and then to be mixed and incorporated with the lime, for the purpose of producing mortar, plaster, stucco, or building ce- ment, by whatsoever name it may be called or dis- tinguished, thus producing a most perfect and efR- cieut cement po/.xalana. The earthy substances which I prefer for this purpose are all those kinds of clay or loam, that are capable of becoming vit- rified and intensely hard by exposure to a strong fire ; consequently chalk and all the various lime stones, and other earths which become soft, plia- ble, and capable of slacking or falling to pieces when exposed to heat, are unfit for the purpose aforesaid, but flint or flint stones or pebbles, may be used with advantage, notwithstanding they do break and fly into pieces when heated. A trial on a small scale will, however, convince any one whether any particular earth, ot earthy or any matter is proper to be used, which will be ascer- tained by exposing it to a very strong heat, when 182 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 20. I82(;. if it runs into n slag, or vitrifies, or becomes ex- cessively hard, it may be used, but if otlicrwise it must be discarded as unfit for tlie purpose. The proper Jiind of earth being thug selected, it must be heated either in tlie interior ofa bricii or otlier kiln, or in a kiln or furnace, formed for the ex- press purpose, and which may be built either of bricks, or formed of earth, with proper vent holes or flues, until it becomes completely vitrified, or reduced to ii state of hard black or glassy slag, which in many cases will be found sufficiently hard to strike fire yvith steel. The harder and moie vitrified the materials become, the better they will answer for my aforesaid improvement. — The vitrification of some kinds of earth will like- wise be occasionally assisted and improved by mix- ing refuse or broken glass, or even sand and wood ashes before it is exposed to the action of fire. I claim likewise the exclusive privilege of appropri- ating other slags, or vitrified materials wliich are not produced for the t'xpress purpose to aforesaid improvement, such as those which come from the j furnaces of smclting-houses, glass-houses, foun- dries, steam engines, or other boilers, and all ma- ' terials reduced to a state of vitrification by intense heat. The whole of the aforesaid materials, whether produced for the particular purpose or ob- tained from any of the before-mentioned sources and whether consisting of vitrified earth, metallic, or other vitrified slag from furnaces, or burnt flint or flint-stone must be bruised, pounded or ground by any of the usual, accustomed and well-known methods, until it is reduced to such a grit as will be convenient and necessary for formation of the particular sort of mortar, stucco, plaster or cement, which may be required for this purpose ; it must be passed through such wire-screens or sieves, as will produce the necessary fineness or quality, and being so separated into different qualities it may be put up into casks or otherwise preserved for nse, and is a most perfect pozzalana. The manner of using the above material or materials is to mix it with well burnt lime, instead of the lime usually employed for the formation of mortar, stucco, pias- ter or cement, water being added as usual, until it IS of the proper consistence to be used ; or the ar- tificial pozzalana, or above materials may be mix- ed with quick lime completely pulverized, and sent in casks or other packages ready to be used with the addition of water only. In this latter case it will be necessary to keep it from moisture or ex- posure to the open air till the time of using it. — The proportion of quick lime that must be added to the above materials will depend entirely upon the goodness or strength of the lime that is used in general. One measure of good lime will be suflrcient for, from three to five measures of the aforesaid materials, but this must be regulated by the work for which it is intended, and will be readily ascertained by a little experience. I here- by further declare that another part of my said in- vention and improvement consists in the nse and appropriation of marble of various colours, and of various coloured bricks, when highly burnt or vit- rified and reduced to fine powder ier the purpose of producing all the varieties of colours and shades required to imitate stone, and liiglily polished wood and marble. And lastly, I claim the exclu- sive right and privilege of using vitrified eartli, and the aforesaid other materials for the purpose of mixing with lime and plaster of Psris, to cast figures, ornaments, and mouldings of every des- cription. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DEC. 29, 1836. LIVE FENCES. Continued from page 174. In our last we gave some directions rel.itive to the cultivation of Live Fences copied from an arti- cle on that subject, written by George Tibbits of Rensselaer, N. Y. Wcj continue Mr Tibbits' ob- servations. " It is indispensable, that plants put in live fences, whether with or without a ditch, should be kept free from weeds and grass for at least the | three first years, otherwise they become stuntnd, | mildewed, and die, or have a very unequal and | slow growth, and never make tolerable fences. — j They are also to be protected against cattle of all I kinds ; cattle, horses, and sheep, would bite off i and tread them down ; hogs would root them up. | They must, therefore, have a fence on both sides! of some kind, sufficiently strong and tight, howev- 1 er, to exclude animals of all kinds until they be- ' come a strong fence of themselves, which may re- quire from six to ten year.s. " To save the expense of these two fences, it is well worth the consideration of the person dis- posed to cultivate live fences, whether he will not dispense with turning cattle or hogs into a field which he .intends to enclose with a live fence, around which there may be standing a dead fence which may last until his live fence is grown. If this should be his determination, he will, the year preceding that in which he plants his thorns, cul- tivate a piece of land eight feet broad, or therea- bouts, around on the inside of the old fence, with potatoes, and with manure make it as nearly equal- ly rich in every part as practicable,that the thorns may grow equally fast, and be equally strong. " As soon as convenient, in the spring, plough and harrow this land again, then strike a deep fuiTow where it is intended the live fence shall stand, which ought to be in the centre, in order that the grass and weeds may be kept down, with the assistance of the plough and one horse-harrow: clear out this furrow with the spade, and by a line set for that purpose, make one side or edge straight and even ; take up the plants from the nursery, cut oft" the top so as to leave of the plant growing above ground about five inches ; clear the root of its lateral bianciies, cut off the tap root, leaving it eight or nine inches long ; the whole plant, top and root, will be about fourteen inches long ; lay or set the plant in the furrow, leaning on the side which has been made straight and even by the line so that a little more than the root shall be cover- e.l when the dirt is hauled in ; put the plants five inches apart in the row, haul in the dirt with a spade or hoe,and tread it dcwn,taking care that the plants remain in their places at five inches apart in the row, and the tops all standing in a line as straight as possible. And, lioreafter, with the plough, one horse-harrow, and hoe, for the three succeeding years at least, keep the plants free from graiss and weeds, and raising the land some- what towards the plants. " The plants may be taken up in the nursery at any leisure time in the fall, after the leaves drop, or early in the spring, before they leave out again, and as they are trimmed they should be laid in the trench, covered with dirt, and trodden down. They Hill remain perfectly safe and green, until taken up to set in hedges ; and it is adviseable, if con- venient, that they be placed in trenches along parcel of land prepared for setting the hedge, nj where they are to be set, and from which they be taken as they are wanted to be set. Plants, when set in hedges should all of tl be as nearly of the same size as possible, ani there is any difierence, let the larger be set! themselves, and the less by themselves, and alternately a small and a large one, for if so pli ed, the less are stunted or destroyed by the larl and the hedge becomes open or of uneq] strength. If the land is good, the plants may expected to grow the first year from two to th feet. The line should be examined the succeed spring, and where any of the plants are dead, thj place should be supplied with the largest thriftiest plants from the nursery; and in ihreeBtlti four years, the plants will have grown to height of seven to ten feet, provided they are cropped or cut oft". From reading, and advice' persons who I supposed understood this busim much better than I did, I let mine run up to tl height without cropping, and then performed u them an operation called splashing. This is do| by cutting off about every other plant six inci from the ground, trimming off with a bill-book the limbs from the remainder of the plants, mi ing stakes from a part of those cut out, stick: those stakes at about two feet from each othl along the line; cut the plants left standing a lit! on one side, six inches from the ground also, wii them in between the stakes, in a reclining poa tina, and so that the tops may be about four fee from the ground ; then by two withes, made al of the plants which had been cut out and run aloi the tops of the stakes, the whole is secured getlier and held stedfast in their places. '• The plants sprouted up a,iain from the botti and those bent among the stakes sent out num^ ous lateral branches, and after two years, the m of them became a sufficient fence against hogs After plnshing, to prevent them from runnin and becouiiiig thin at bottom, the top is to be tri; med every year, which may be done in Augusi with a pair of hedge shears, or in the fall, after th leaves drop, but if left for several years, V. more easily done with a bill-hook. — See New Eng land Farmer, vol. iii. page SS. A mode of destroying Aals. — A w-riter by th '' name of RoughIy,some of whose sketches of Wes " India agriculture is republished by Loudon, say '■ " Poisoning by arsenic is the most expedient mod of getting rid of ants, as the living will feed o the dead, so that the whole nest, (by devourini one another,) are thus killed." Canal Toils. — The tolls received in 189(; by th( Collectors of the Erie, Ch;miplain, Cayuga, ant i^eneca canals, in New York, amounted to .«76.5,002 i!5 Amount received in 1825, $5il,.343 !I4 Increase, $24.3,719 01 Hook Knowledge in Agrieullwe. — Agricultura knowledge, like all other knowledge, is foundei on experience. Experience is the result of cxper iments. If we derive our knowledge solely fron our own experience, it must of course be very lim- ited. If we call to our aid the experience of others our knowledge is tliereby extended. The experi once of others can only be obtained by observation Vol. v.—Xo. -j;!. iM:W ENr.LAND lAlflMEEL 183 orsulion, and reading. Whnt we obUin by ; Indian tribes to the Mississippi, &c. Tlie spealcer lint;, may, liowcver, include every other mode , hiid before the House a communication from tlie iformaiion. Thus, A finds out by experience, i Secretary of the Treasury rehilive to the allow- y tiie result of divers experiments the best | ance of the imi»irt:itioii of Sheep's Wool on tlie e of destroying bugs or caterpillars. A ob- skin free of duty, &c. The Secretary slates that bis knowledge from the fountain head, his , the skins were, but the wool v/as not so entitled, experience. A, observes one of his neighbors [ and that letters of instruction had been sent to the e successful practice of a process for destroy- , Collectors to that eflect. bugs or caterpillars. In this ease he obtiiins : I'ul knowledge, by means of ob.servalion, from .Evening Parlies.— Wc copy with uiKjualified "f experience of another. A cominur^i.ates this approbation the following sensible remarks from "'l 'ess to B, by word of mouth. D then obtains the B.dtimore Patriot :— ""< portion of said useful knowledge by means of Tl'cre is one view of the manners and customs ''■'■: vcrsiUion. Thus far all goes on swimmingly. : "t Marseilles, presented by Mr Carter, [in his in- ■ i A, or B lakes it into his head to write down fercsting Utters from Europp.,] which we think '«■: particulars of said process for destroying bugs niight be advantageously imitated in the United "'•■( calerpilllirs ; posts it off to the printer, who States, and wbich contrast strongly with our fash- '' Jls it (lying all abroad on newspaper wings.— ionablc customs in that particular. There, even- thing now begins to look a little suspicious, '"g parties are mental banquets ; here they arc many w!io wou'ld believe the verbal statement f'e gormand's festival. There,music, dancing,and armer A, or farmer B, have tlieir doubts about conversation, form the objects of the social circle; matter wiien they see their reuiarks in print, here, eating and drinking, loaded tables and wine 3 .nformation which has been subjected to the : '''^^'''•s »>'e '■''e grand attractions to an evening party. IS, bei/ins to appear too much like hook farm- i T''e consequence is, in Marseilles, a gentleman ; and" C like a blockhead, as be is, refuses to may entertain a party in the highest style of fash- il himself of the advantages it proffers, because , ionable life without being a franc the poorer next does not believe in being taught by a print; r morning ; while in this country, it requires a hea- an Editor of a newspaper, how to manage a -^T sum to get up a genteel party. The wine iness he was brousbt up to. nicrchant,the confectioner, the victualler, will pre- sent you a bill next day, that will be very likely to y=VVe have received, too late for insertion in make you — wisli yourself at Marseilles. This is week's paper, the Report of tlie Committee on not all; our parties encourage and foster habits of JUST n'ctivi'd a supply of the Oemtuic Farmem Almanacks, by Kobirt U. Tlinmas Esq. for sale in large or suiall quantities at tlie lowest prices — Also just re- ceived, a fresh supply of Stationery — I'aper—Kanoy Gonils — Account Hooks— .School Books aud every ar- ticle perlaimu!; to the stationery liae, which includes as great a variety and as good an assortment as can be found in any "»"' '^ g'^'""" '° "lese aaimals sweet and sour, and this traveller says he never saw horses in a better condition. [Hamp. Gaz I special order of the day for the 20lli iust. House. — The motion of Mr Bartlett, that the assachusetts Claim for military services, &c. be ferred to the Secretary at War was taken up, bated, and decided in the affirmative. A Mes- ge was received from the President transmitting itracts of a letter from Mr Gallatin relative to slate di-cussion witli the Government of Great ioain, concerning the Colonial Trade. A reso- tion passed that the Secretary of State be di- Icted to inform the House whether tiiere lias en any neglect or omission to record the pat- ,ts, which have issued from the Patent Office, „ ^^ ^.^^ ^ocks on the Blackstone Canal, be- c. A resolution was adopteo for directing tne u^^^^ Blackstone Village and Providence, excpt 3cretary of War to communicate to the PliuseUi .„ • i ,„j l .• I / „ .„ , . , ,,,..,_. three, arc completed, ami preparations are made e number 01 lopographical and (,ivil Engineers f„, n, „ . »• 41, ^i ., , ., , , . ',= ' 4 ,, ^ , wr the constructing the other three early the next C-. employed by the Government. Also for ob- ., ■' % ■ , • • ■ [Season. ' inlormation relative to the emigration of Paper. — There are six paper factories in the town of Lee, Berkshire j:ounty, which consume annually 500 tons of rags. The largest factory is expected to produce 20,000 reams of paper annual- ly- In this county there are three paper factories — one in this town, one in Amherst, and one at South Iladley Canal. That of Messrs. Lathrop & Willard, at the Canal, is very extensive, and gives en.ployment to upwards of .50 persons. Ihid. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FF.OM Ta D. APPLES, best, l)bl 1 25 1 75 ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - ton. 85 00 87 00 pearl do. - - - . 105 00 110 00 BEANS, white, busli 1 50 1 75 BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - bbl. 8 25 8 50 cargo, No 1, new, - - 6 25 6 50 " No 2, new,. - - 5 00 5 60 BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, lb. 14 17 CHEESE, new milk, - . - - 7 9 skimmed milk, - - •3 6 FLAX 10 11 FLAX SEED hush 90 1 00 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St bill. 5 87 6 00 Genesee, - - - 5 75 6 00 Rve, best, - - -- 3 25 3 50 GRAIN, Rye hush 87 93 Corn - - - - . 68 70 Barley - - - . 1 00 1 10 Oats - - . - - 50 53 HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - lb. 9 10 HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, cask 85 90 OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern »al. 76 80 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 2 50 2 62 PORK, Bone Middlings, new, bbl. 12 00 12 58 navy, mess, do. 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No 1, do. - - 9 00 9 25 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bush 2 50 3 00 Clover . . - . lb. 9 10 WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash 30 45 do do unwashed 20 30 do 3-4 washed 28 33 do 1-2 do 23 28 Native - - - do 20 23 Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 38 42 do Spinning, 1st sort 28 33 PROFl.'ilO^- MARKET. EEEl*', b<;st pieces - - . - lb. 8 10 PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . 6* '^ whole hogs, . - - 5 6 VEAL, 6 10 Mn-TON, 4 8 POULTRY, .--... 7 10 BUTTER, keg & tub, - 17 18 lump, best, - . - 22 EGGS, -------- 20 25 VIEAL, Rve, retail, - - - - hush 90 1 00 Indian, do. - . - - 90 1 00 POTATOES, - - a CIDER, liquor, (new) - - b . 1 Si I 76 184 NEW ENGLA^'D FAK3IEE. I)ec. a;), 1o>(: xiszscsi.i.Ainz:s. ReJttcHons on the state of Marriage, by a Married Man. — TJie leading features in the character of a good woman, are mildness, complaisance, and e- quanimity of temper. The man, if he be a provi- dent and worthy husband, is immersed in a thous- and cares. His mind is anfitated, his memory load- ed, and^ his body fati^nied. He retires from the bustle of the world, chajjrined, perhaps, by disap- pointment, angry at indolent or perfidious people, and terrified lest his unavoidable conne.-iions with such people should make him appear perfidious himself Is this the time for the wife of liis bosom, his dearest and most intimate friend, to add to his ve.\-ations, to increase the fever of an overburthen- ed mind by a contentious tongue, or a discontented brow .' Business, in its most prosperous state, is full of anxiety, labor and turmoil. O, how dear to the memory of a man is the wife who clothes her face in smiles, who uses gentle expressions, and who makes her lap soft to receive and hush his cares to rest. There is not in nature so fascinating an object as a faithful, tender and affectionate wife". Washington Irving — Until a day or two since, the last that we heard of our countryman Irving, was, that he had gone to Spain for the purpose of examining the manuscripts still extant amon-r the archives of that nation, relating to Christopher Columbus, preparatory to writing a history of his life, but that he had afterwards abandoned the project. The latter is so far true, that Mr Irving, at first placing his principal dependence upon th'e ancient manuscripts .fNavarette, and those fal- ing short ofhis expectations, for a time gave up his researches. But we are now happy to have it in our power to say, that he has since discovered other and important manuscript documents, which have encouraged him to recommence the hio-hly responsible work of presenting to the worfd a biography of the discoverer of tlie Western Continent, and that he is prosecuting it with all diligence. His opportunities are propitious, as he forms a part of the diplomatic family of Mr Ever- ett, our Min.ster at Madrid, and, we understand, has the facilities necessary for his undertaking. We congratulate our countrymen upon the pros- pfcct, and that a history, of which we had despair- ed, is likely to devolve upon one wlio has acquit- ted himself so creditably in whatever he has thus far undertaken. The Life of Napoleon, by Scott, and of Columbus, by Irving, if well executed, will form two of the most interesting features in the literature of the present century. [N. Y. Times.] Lottery Gambling. — A police report in a Phila- delphia paper sets in a strong light the consequen- ces of this practice. An old man of good appear- ance and well dressed, was brought up on a charge of assault and battery, and larceny in picking the pocket of a drunken Irishman. In answer to the questions put to him by tho Mayor, the prisoner declared "that he was nearly sixty years of age — that he was reduced to poverty and desperation by gambling in lotteries—that he liad within the last forty years spent twenty three thousand dollars, or more than 500 dollars a year, and that he had never drawn a prize of any importance. Rapid Maturity. — In the neighborhood of Rio Janeiro, the common garden-pea has been sown, flowered, gathered, and tlie liaulms removed with- in the short space of twenty-one days. 111 The YeUuio Serpent of J\Inrtinique. — This ser- they frequently conueiil tliemsenes anion'' pent has for a long period been the object of much reeds ofwhich the roof of the cottages are for dread, that alone perhaps has retarded the popu- jThey retreat also, during the day,into the hole '' lation of the island for a century. In spite of the ' rats or crabs. These reptiles are seldom to assiduity with which it is pursued, and the num-:seenin the towns, unless it be the youu bers that are killed, it htill occasions annually the ; which are carried thither amono- bundles of death of a considerable number of individuals, es- I der. The inefficacy of the efforts of man to pecially among tho negroes. Its length is some- | stroy this plague has led to the introductioi times greater than seven feet. It is called the yel- some English terriers of a particular kind, wl low serpent because frequently found of that col- have already been very serviceable, our, but there are some blackish, and others M. de Jones recommends the introduction of spotted uitli black. Its venomous denticles are serpent-bird of the Cape of Good Hope thatlc about fifteen lines long. Along the belly it has legged bird of prey ,which is of so essential ser from 2'20 to 'MO scales, uniformly 69 on the under in south Africa. The experiment was tried side of the tail. In other respects it h.-ts all the did not at first succeed. — Analyse des Travau. characteristics of the other species of its kind VAcademie Royale des Sciences. Its celerity of motion, except in the lime of diges- tion, is alarming. Its fierce instinct teuciies it to dart out upon passengers, and coininonly it has al- ready assumed a hostile position ere it is perceiv .Si7iiec .Mine. — A Buenos Ayrean paper n tions, that a silver mine of extraordinary richi _ _ has been recently discovered in the provinc ed: "rolled up spirally, its head being the top of ^'^"'^''°*- ^^ is a. vein of native silver of nme i the sort of cone which it forms, it takes but a mo- ^'"''^^ ^^^^ '•'' ^^'''''■'' ^^ '^s commencement, and ment to reach its victim. M. Moiecau de Jonnes ■"'^-^' '^^" ^® "^"^ O"' "''■'' 'i '^'^i^el. It is said therp is every reason to believe that it extends a great distance. asserts that it is able to erect itself upon its tail, and then exceeds a man in length. Its ear is very acute, and it is roused by a slight noise. Its eyes projecting and lively, by means of enlarging or ; f-,i ,»„„, ,„;„„,i k i in v. "<- •^ i ,." ,, ■, , , , ,° '6iJ steer, raised by Lemuel Pomeroy, Esq of contracting the pupil, can be made to look or not , •ii.,,,^ ,„„„ „„ij ., , i- i ,. , . , ,1 ,. r . T. 1 111 jivulage, was sold by hiin last week to a dri like those oi cats. It keeps in dark places, and - - chooses sunset or lowering cloudy days, as the seasons for taking its prey; it lives to a great age. When the head of one is struck oflT, the body con- tinues to be spontaneously agitated for eijiht hours, and longer, if external force is applied. It has been believed that a person may become aware of its being near by the tainted smell which it exhales, but nothing is more dangerous than trusting to this indication — tliey do not all emit this odour, and those which do, not at all times. — The productiveness of this dangerous animal is extraordinary ; from 30 to 60 younu' ones at a lit- ter. At birth, they are from 8 to 19 inches in length, and already possess all their faculties Grand Steer. — The Pitsfield Sun says a gr from Dutchess Co N. Y. for 150 dollars weight was estimated by good judges to exc ;3U00 pounds. Poor Ricliard's Almanac, the work of the Benjamin Franklin, has been translated French, and published in Paris. It has aire reached its second edition. Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plants, D. & C. LANDRE'l H. .N'ursery, Seedsmen, arid Florists, Philadklphia, U.KVF. constantly on hand for sale, a vtry exter collection of Fruit Trees,Hardy Ornamentai Trees .Shrubs, Green House Plants, Bulbous Roots, Ga Frequently 60 or 80 of them were discovered in [ ?eeds, &c. tc. not exceeded by any similar estab gathering the crop of one field of sugar-canes, and | 'n«a'^'," 'he United States these the offsprings of only one or two mothers. — The immense breadths of cane afford them their In their selection of FRUITS for cultivation, _ cart and attention has been paid, and from an iuti , cy with the subject of many years, they believe it ( principal retreats, and thus it is that the advance .judiciously. of cultivation is favorable to those noxious crea- i ''he OR.XAMENTAL PLANTS, both tender tures, and increase instead of diminishing their numbers. Their means of subsistence, no less than their places of shelter, have been multip led, as the prodigious quantity of rats which come along with the Europeans now fill the whole island. They prey upon birds, other reptiles, and all small four-footed animals. What is, perhaps the mosit extraordinary thing in the history of this serpent is, that all the Antil- les are free from it with the exception of three — Martinique, St. Lucia, and Beconia — the others have no venomous serpent whatsoever. The Car- ibbees pretend that they were introduced from tho Continent, along with a hostile settlement ; hut it is also possible that they may have been brought by the currents, if it were only upon some of the j '^""^''i Boston, of whom priced Catalogues of trunks of trees which are so often hurried on with I '^''"'^ '"'^^ ^'' h^^' g^tis. tf. Vfc^ 15 them hardy, which they are now cultivating, are some of most esteeuitd and admired of both native and ex origin. The GARDEN SEEDS, ofwhich a large and ge ral assortment is cultivated, are exclusively of t own rearing, for which purpose a number of acres tached to the establishment are appropriated, and i the moment they are planted, through all the var stages of their growth and ripening are under their niediate care and superintendence, consequently t are enabled to assure purchasers not only of their ; but quality. Persons ordering any of the articles on their c; logue, m y be assured of having them well and sat packed, and of every altenlion being paid to them, : that thiy will jive satisfaction. Orders receivEd by Alessrs. PARKER & CODMi" No. 9 C^ongress-srjuare, near the Exchange Co J.. , . »r .• • , !tt:j"r'"bli5hed every Friday at Three Dollars per It IS very dangerous at Martinque to pass the : nurn, payable at the end of the year-but those v trunks of hollow trees iu the woods, as this ani- j pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing mal frequently reposes there ; or to push the hand ; entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents, into birds-nests, where they often remain squatted ! Gentlemen who procure/rt responsible suhscrib. after having devoured the eggs of the young.— ' ^\^"''''''' '"•V"'''''' ''°'"?''^'''l"'; •, . Tj u .. 1- r r ^1 1 ^ New subscribers can be furnished with the preci Poultry are very attractive fare for them, and ;j„ „„bers of the current volume. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. y blished by Joii.\ B. Rvsstll at tlio corner o. t"onj,ncss and Lindall Ktrccis, (enlraULC from Liiuiail Street). — Tuomas U. FitssEKDj.rv, Eclilur. OL. V. B08T0N, FRIDAY, JAi^^UARY 5, 1827. U I G 1 N A L P A P i: K S. % SSACHUSETT.S AGRICULT. SOCIETY e Committee on .Igricullural ETperiments, in lion to their report of the VJth of October, ask to '\lTer the f llouins; for the consideration of tourd of Trustees, to tvit. lat, the Society's premium of twenty dollars d to Payson Williams, Esq. of Fitch- h, ill the coimty of Worcester, for having d t!ie greatest quantity of Spring Wheat, ■■' thirty- three bushels and twenty one qnurts, ne acre ; — accompanying the certiticates re- ed by the Trustees, is tiie following communi- "My crop of 33 bushels and 21 quarts of lan wheat, was grown the present season, on t was my potatoe field the last year — tiie pre tion of the ground was two plougiiings, fine deep. April "2;-, sowed on the furrows, cross- owed, and rolled ; the quantity of seed sown the acre, two bushels and tliree ])ccks, well d. When the blades of ^vheat were four inches ve the ground I had fifteen bushels of wood }S sown, with the same valuable effect of lastj r, viz, checking the ravages of '.vorms that | lerly attacked the roots, with addition.-! plump- 3 to the kernel. During our very severe jglit, the ravages of the grasshoppers on all Is of vegetation around the wheat field, was of I an alarming extent as to dampen all hopes 1 crop of wheat ; but in cradling the grain at ;arly period, it appeared that the innumerable rms that infested the field, had contented them 1 es with using the wheat ears as roosts be- en their gluttonous meals on the tenrler cIov;r its below — this part of the culture entirely sd." 'hat Messrs Tristram & Henry Little are itled to the premium of twenty dollars, for hav- raised the greatest quantity of English Tur- s, being six hundred and seventy-three bushels one acre — they make the following statement, n consequence of the drought in the early part the season, the grub-wofr/j multiplied beyond parallel, so that with a double diligence in re- nting, and destroying the insects, we obtained ■y scanty crops of Mangel Wurtzel, Carrots and ions ; the potatoe crop is quite ordinary; as is o the Indian corn. The Ruta Baga, Cabbages i English Turnips, are about middling. We .ved one acre of English Turnips on the 7th day July, after taking off a crop of hay, with ono und of seed and five cords of manure put in the ill; and they were cultivated in every respect stated in page '2'J, Vol. viii of tlie Massachusetts pository and Journal ; and the produce was six ndred and seventy-three bushels." That Mr Leonard Hill, of East Bridge-.vater, entitled to the premium of twenty dollars, for ving raised tlie greatest quantity of Potatoes, ing live hundred and ninety bu.stels on one acre d five rods, equal to 57'2 bushels to the acre — ,e description of their culture is as follows, " the il i.!- a dark loam, very fertile, perfectly free om stones, and quite level ; In 182.5 I ploughed on or about the 1st day of May, and put on out 70 cart loads of manure ; the time of plant- ing was between the lOth and 14th of May ; and it was hoed 3 times ; tlie iiarvestiiig was done in Octolier, and there were seventy bushels of corn. In the month of May last I ploughed t!io same piece before d. scribed, then harrowed it with a coarse harrow, and furrowed it, making the fur- rows two feet and six inches apart each way. I then filled up the furrows willi sixty-eight loads of coarse manure, which I took from my barn lin- ter where my cattle were kept ; and from my hogstye, which was half straw- and hay. Upon this manure I planted tliirty-one bushels of tiie common long red and blue potatoes, cuttipg the largest into two or more pieces, and placing them about 4 inches apart in the hill, which I covered »ith a hoe ; after they were well up I ploughed and hoed them twice. In October tliey were dug and measured ; and the quantity of potatoes pro- duced on the piece, which contained one acre and five rods, was 590 bushels, as will appear by the Certificate of the Treasurer. The expense of cul- tivating the above mentioned piece of land, dig- ging and gathering the crop, &c. exclusive of the manure, was twenty-one dollars and si.xty-seven cents." The claims for premiums offered by the Trus- tees for grain and vegetable crops, it will be per- ceived have tliis year been less than at any former period ; the cause of such being the case, is to be attrihiited to the very uncommonly severe drought in most parts of the slate of Massachusetts, in the early ptrt of the season. Which is respectfully submitted, THO'S L. WINTHROP, ISRAEL TL'ORNDIKE, W'M PRESCOTT, BENJ. GUILD. Boston. Dec. 9, 182G. EfSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Conanittt e appointed, to decide on the clnims of premiums, " For the Management of Farms, i their Tillage, Mowing, Orcharding and Pastur- age,'" (covsisting ofT. Pickering, P. Kent, J. Osgood, Aaro.v Perley, Asa T. Newhall, F. Howes, and J. W. Proctor,) make the fol- lowing report of their proceedings : In tlie month of June last they visited the si-, farms, for the management of which premiums had been claimed, and in the order in which they are hero numbered : and in September they repeated their visits. 1. The lafEn of Ben.iamin Tyler Reed, Esq consisting of about eighty acres, is situated in Marblehcad, and bounded on its northwestern side Qy^alem harbour. This furnished some valuable supplies of iranure, consisting of sea-weed grow- ing in the mud of the shallow waters of that har- bour, whicli in the storms of autumn are torn up, and with rockweed washed upon the shore of tin- farm. Other adjacent parts ot the harbour are covered with beds of muscles, which in digniiK; up, being mingled with the mud in which they lie, compose a valuable and lasting manure. Mr Reed, with hudable care, has applied these materials in aid of the common sources of manure, for enrich iijg his farm. In tlie few years that he has owned this farm, he has judiciously improved it ; draining low and wet portions of it, and clearing off bUshcs, draining and converting into good mowing land some swainpy parts of it. 2. Isaac Pa rcii's farm lies in Hamilton. It con- tains about ninety-seven acres, of which twelve are salt marsh, and five woodland. He has owned this farm about twenty years ; and by his own in- dustry and goo 1 management, rendered it produc- tive. It is well fenced : — some rocky portions of it have been cleared and converted into fruitful fields : some low grounds have been drained ; and all the parts cultivated for the usual crops, were in good order. A neatness in his husbandry was manifested throughout his farm. 11 The farm of Jacob and Putnam Perlet, father and son, is situate in Byfield parish, of New- bury. This farm contains about 180 acres ; — of which about 35 are tillage, alternating with Indian corn, and the small grains usually cultivated, aiul grass. About 30 acres are salt marsh, adjoining the upland ; and about 6 acres ars low grounds producing blue grass. The residue of the farm is pasturage an<\ woodland. The orcharding consists chiefly of young grafted apple trees, which have been cultivated with much care and attention, yielding about a hundred barrels of apples annual- ly ; exclusively of the trees producing apples for cider. It is but recently that any very material im- provements have been undertaken, and these have been effected by the means afforded by the judi- cious management of the farm itself. One of the most striking of these has been made upon the salt marshes, by ditching. Whether the expeditious dischargi; of .'jater from the salt marsh when over- flowed ; — or its more ready admission at some sea- sons of the summer when drougth prevails, by a great number of deep but very narrow ditches, has caused the change, — the consequence has been an extraordinary amelioration, — increasing threefold the quantity of grass, and this giving hay of a much better quality than before. A valuable improvement has been commenced to increase the quantity and fcrtiliiing quality of manure, by depositing marsh soijs, or earth, or both, to the depth of three feet (an excavation be- ing made for the purpose) under the beds or stands of the cattle, to receive and absorb the urine. — [Accurate experiments during ten years, by a far- mer in Scotland, proved that common loamy earth, (most easily obtained from land in tillage) filled in- to a pit about four feet deep, and thirty-six feet square, into and over which the urine of fourteen cattle was cast, yielded a manure every load of which was equal to a load of the dung of the same cattle mingled with the litter with which they were bedded. And the quantity of the earth so saturated with the urine of fourteen cattle, during the five months that they were kept on fodder and turnips, supplied for an ample manuring of seven acres. So the urine of each of the cattle (from the description only of the size of cows) manured half an acre.] 4. Indian Hill Farm, in West Newbury, belong- ing to the family of Poor, bat for several years in t!ie occupancy of Nathaniel Pearson, jr. as tenant. — This farm, in its homestead, (being all of 186 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 5. 1827. it whicli the Committee saw) contains about nine- ty acres. By the entwrprize of one of the family, (Mr Be.njami.n PooR,)and the gooil management of the tenmt, for a few year^ past, valuable improve- ments have boen made, by draining- low grounds, and stocking them with good grasses, and by draining and tilling other low grounds, and thus preparing them for valuable crops — by fencing — and by providing;' and arranging the farm build- ings, to render them convenient for conducting the bu.siness of tlie farm. 5. The farm of Col. Moses Newhali,, in West Newbury. The principal part of this farm, called the homestead, contains about 110 acres of natu- rally good land, well situated for receiving the most valuable improvements. These advantages have not been overlooked. The uplands have been enriched by the means furnished by the farm it- self— the low grounds have been drained and stocked with good grasses — and the whole ren- dered very productive. The necessary farm build- ings have been provided and well arranged ; and his new and capacious barn by far the best that the Committee have seen, is probably superior to any in the county. An advantage being taken of a moderate rise in the ground, at one end, many tons of his hay are housed with ease, by being thrown downwards, in the unloading, into a long bay about seven feet below the brrn Hoor, instead of the nearly universal practice of pitching the hay upwards, on mows and hay lofts. On the other side of the barn and corresponding with the bay aboveraentioned, is the stand for tlie cattle, just conveniently raised above the level of the barn yard. Thus, one story about seven feet high in the whole area of the barn is gained. Above this story the barn rises about seventeen feet to the eaves Its length is eighty-four feet. Col Newhall has given much attention to ma- nure, increasing its quantity by collecting every material within his reach, which by the cattle in the stable and barn yard, and in the styes by the treading and working of his swine, can be con- verted most beneficially into that indispensable substance in farming. The manufacture of combs being extensively carried nn in his neighboihood ; he by collecting the horn shavings and mixing theia with loam, obtains fifteen or twenty loads of valuable manure. This compost, spread as a top dressing, on his very raoist land, has a powerful effect ; — but applied to dry upland, he has found it injurious ; — yet if used more sparingly, or a groat er proportion of loam be mingled with the horn shavings, upland as well as low land would doubt less be improved. The stock of cows fifteen in number, and the management of the dairy, in doors as well as out, on this farm deserved particular commendations. To keep up the milk of his cows at the season when common pastures are failing, he feeds them with Indian corn stalks, every night, beginning to' cut them as soon as the ears arc in the milk, giv- ing them as much of this food as they will eat up clean, and continuing it so long as the stalks re- main green and palateable. 6. The farm of Mr David Gray, in Andover. — • This farm from small beginnings, has increased to about 100 acres in the homestead, and about nine- ty acres, from one to two miles distant, principally woodland. The homestead only was viewed by the Committee. It consists nf land originally rough, rocky, and hard to improve. These disad- vantages, however, have been surmounted by Mr Grai's application of severe and incessant labour, and by the means applied by the product of that labour. His crops are good, and his lands are managed with neatness aud good judgement. Mr Gray has paid much attention to the cultivation of apples, and has many trees of the Baldwin ap- ple in a thrifty and bearing condition. He is of the opinion, that this species of fruit is the best within hii knowledge for our farmers to cultivate. Upon a deliberate consideration of all the claims, the Committee have unanimously agreed to award the premiums as follows, to wit. To Col Moses Newhall, 1st prem. $35 ' Messrs J. & P. I'erlev, 3d ' 30 ' Mr David Gray, ' 3d ' 25 ' Mr Nathaniel Pearson, 4th ' 20 ' Benj. T. Reed, Esq. 5th ' 15 ' Mr Isaac Patch, Gth ' 10 The Committee thought these awards to be merited by the industry, enterprii;e and skill of the claimants ; persuaded, at the same time, that tliere are other farms in the county at least as well, some probably better managed, for which, had their owners claimed premiums, some of those above awarded would have been superseded. — Hence the Committee hope that many other farm- ers will be e.xcited to become competitors for fu- ture premiums. In behalf of the Committee, T. PICKERING, Chainnaii. Danvers, October 12, 1826. INSECT IN PEAR TREES. Mr Fesse.vden — I send you two bo.tes, one containing an insect, and the other a chip from a pear tree in which you will see the insect's borer. When this insect was found by Major Bartlett of this place, a notice of which you have copied from the Ilamp. Gazette,* I examined two or three of my half-dead pear trees, and found them bored like tlie block No. 1, sent you. At the place I have mnrivcd with my pen on the piece No. 1, I found a worm like those you will find in block No. 3. The piece No. 2, I sawed from the top of a St. Michael pear, about two thirds killed 'by this in- sect, as I believe. I have only time given me to say, if what I have sent you should throw any lioht upon the cause of the destruction of the pear trees, I Eliall be very happy. I am, in great haste, Your friend, .Yorthampior, 30th Dec. ie2i}. E. HUNT. Remarlis b;i the Editor. — The insect which our correspondent was so good as to send us, appears to be in its perfect or fully grown state ; but is a little mutilated, probably on its passage. It had lost its borer, proboscis, or needle, a part of its tail, and one of its wings, of which it had four. It appears to belong to the order which entomologists denominate Neuroptera, and had four naked mem- branous transparent v/ings, resembling net work, and partly folded over each other. Its back lias bright yellow spots or scales with indentations, or notches between them. The intervals between these spots and the head and belly of the insect are dark brown. We discovered one of the larvae or vvormsjin one of the pieces of the wood sent us, which was very small, white, and resembled a mite, * See N. E. Farmer, pages 167, 175 of the cur- rent volume. of the kind usually found in cheese. It is dlf. ferent from the apple tree borer, as that insect, in its perfect state, resembles a bug oi beetle, and should be classed, if we do not rajl*' take, with the order Coleoptera. The insect si us resembles a hornet, but is somewhat longer, We hope our correspondent at iMilton, and otb who are versed in the science of entomology, assist us in attempting to ascertain the sped and iiabits of this insect, and suggesting, if poi ble some remedy for its ravages. The insect, the traces of its etfects on pear trees, may be si at the office of the New England Fanner. FOREST TREES. Mr Fessekde.n — Vou, or any of your corre pendents, will oblige ine by an answer to the ft lowing queries (some of which, I am aware, ha been partially answered in the New England Fi mer) on the subject of gathering and planting see from various forest trees, viz. the White and Piaj Pine, Cedar, Rock Maple, Elm, and ButtonwoW At what time in the year may seeds best be n-ath ered from these trees ? — and when and at wh« depth should they be individually planted .' Hai land better be ploughed and harrowed, or only fut ro'vcd and the seeds planted in the furrows ?- Should cherry stones be cracked when planted i: the spring, and at what depth buried .' — May th English walnut be grown s'.x.essfully byins>rtin| its buds in the native Walnut, — or is it bcLt(;r t plant the Walnuts ? V.. Rockingham, (AT. H.) Jan. 1827. THE NETTLE. In the newspaper of the Bavarian .•\griri.i:iir! Society, the nettle is said to have the follnvin properties : eaten in salad, it relievos consuiiiitio; it fastens horned cattle, whether ea'en ,Teen < dricil ; it not only fattens calves, but improve their flesh : it is an antidote to most malidies sheep which cat it bring forth healthy, vigoroi lambs ; it promotes the layhig of eggs in hens ; improves the fat of pigs ; the seeds, mived wit oats, are excellent for horses ; it grows all th year round, oven in the coldest weather ; and tb fibres of the stem make an excellent hemp. Th • Bavarian Journal might have added,that few plan force better or more rapidly, and that the tendc shoots so produced make a delicate and high ill voured pot-herb, resembling the points uf tli shoots of pumpkin. The nettle is much valued in Holland, where ii young shoots are used as pot-herbs ; its roots f( dyeing yellow ; where the horse-dealers give th seeds to horses to make them brisk, and give thei a fine skin : and where considerable portions ( fields arc planted with it, and mown five or si times a-year, as green food. The acorn, in forei districts, in Saxony, is successfully used to fattc sheep during the winter. A writer in a Bavarie journal recommends sowing borage, and when is full grown plougliiiig it down as manure, th good effects of which he has proved by long e> perience. What renders it preferable to mostothe plants for this purpose, is the great quantity ( soda and other salts which it contains ; it may b sown in April, and ploughed down in August, i time to be followed by wlieat. [Philadelphia National Gazette.] Within the last few years upwards of 250,00 workmen, belonging to the manufacturing district in Germany, have emigrated into Poland. 1^ |ol.V No-JI. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 187 rilK CROUP. t'oUou.s ooiisi.ler wlietlier their coinplniiits arc 1 MKBl) CORN', ke four ouikos of the best olive oil, nJd to well f;roiiudcd. For tlic last eiijht or ten yenrs, I havft been very m 15 to at) {jrains of ipecacuanha, well in- i Mr Samuel llubhanl, of Charlestown, N. H. the I curious and attentive in selecting iVoni the various rated with the oil, and give one or two tea present season fattened and carried to market ' regions and climntps of our country, the almost nsfnll every liitccn minutes. R'xthc the '«*«<■"'•« "/.'/'""' «««*''«— Mr Benjamin I am satisfied, improved in my possession, by nev- ,• instances.] [Nantucket Inquirer] ' Douglass, of Stephentown, N. Y. had an o.x taken er planting a grain that was not selected in the • T7, ^7 ; r7~. ,■ . ■ ',"''' ^^°"' "''' "'"''"'' °^ ■'"'^ ''''' ' "''"''"" '"'"' "'''''■ ('■'"■ four o-- five years past) from those stalks, ■uncan Butto„s.-We always take delight in the opinions about the cause ; any however but which produce two or more ears. I am this year :ing the advances of our ingenious country- ; the true one was assigned, until the o.k was killed carrying the selection still further, the number of in he different branches of mechanics ; and on Thursday last, when on e.xamination a large ears containing IS rows and averaging 900 crrains ce that instances so often occur of successful rf«r,n-»ff «eerfie was found in his heart-the heart ; was so considerable, that I have collected a suf- .etition with our brethren across the At- had become entirely ulcerated,and was of the size ficiency to plant half of my next year's crop from c. What we would particularly notice at of a bushel basket, and weighed fifty-four pounds ' them, and as I purpose placing the field at a suffi time IS tlio manufactory of gilt buttons at , and nine ounces, contained about /our ^ro/Zoxs of time IS lue manutactory ot gait buttons at and nine ounces, contained about /our s-««<.». of dent distance to prevent anv admi.xture of the ^borough, owned by Richard Robinson & Co. ulcerated matter. The needle was probably taken! farina of any other sort, I shall be able to judge H^.TJIT."'!"! *''*l!'l ''.^'^.'h°"' ^\'° I ''y ^^^ ""^ "' ^PP'^ Pearings. [Berk. Am.] | ,„ore correctly upon the now disputed point of the with any that ,„.,,„ T~ ,, „ . „ ;; : ,. ,,! advantage of selecting seed— of which, by the bye, 'e are to d by fViJd Turkei. — Mr C. L. Bonaparte, m his Nat- . i „„ °, , • r . lx '^ c 1.U1U u^ ./ i- , a 1 now entertain no manner of doubt, of a superior iral History of the Birds of the United States, re- t u . i i l, , . <. J c „:„,..„,! ;« .t.« u.t M„,*k 4 • L. ■ -I . I have sent you also, a very remarkable plant of ed preference viewed in the last i^orth American Review asserts ' u . <•,, ,, . , . ^ ■ ons will stand a fair comparison with any that imported from England, and \ ers in the article, that they are '.ty and are entitled to a decided preference i ■'"=■•=>'"' "'"^ "'^'- '^'"•i" ^"'i^-iiijiu ncwcw laB.'suris u . r., ,, , , , - . »i ... ■ . 1 , ■ , ■ ui . .1. ij » T • »■ i- « ■ ,1 wneat, 01 the blue stem or purple straw, species, those that are introduced into this country that the wild turkey is a native ot America, and 1 t. ■ -n ., j % i "i'cvi.o. ., , , i. I, o. I ■ , ■ i . .T, 1 1 ij »ii f .1 ,■ 't 's "".s you will see, the product ot a sinp'le ffrain, the work-shops of Europe. So highly are »'as a stranger to the old world till after the dis- ; ,. ■',.-,, !,,.-..-, ", T^ and has WO grain stalks, which if they had been allowed to mature, would have produced an aver- age of :30 grains to the ear, or upwards of 5000 grains for 1 — This extraordinary product I am in- duced to attribute entirely to the quality of the juttons of Mr Robinson esteemed in the prin- coveries of Columbus. It was sent from Mexico to cities of the United States, that within a Spain in the early part of the 16th century, and ; period, they have been mainly supplied by thence to England about the year 1524. By de- and are daily iss-iing their orders. The fact grees it spread over E:irope, Asia and Africa. — ^disputable tlist he can manufacture them very The English supposing it to have come from Turk iderably cheaper than they can be imported Europe. Mr R. laboriously persevered for ttetn years, before success or rather profit vned his exertions. [Boston Traveller.] „.. .u^^.T^u v„„;„ ■• ,u r m 1 ■ ^0''> 3'* there were at least a dozen p ants ffrowme ey through t>pain, gave It the name of Turkey. — ,„ \, „ . , „',„,, = s "™"'S Ti = „ ;i 1 „T, 1 *!,„ j„ ... 1 r.i together, all averaging upwards of 100 staks that The wild and the domestic turkey are of the same ; ^ i. o „ f =r,on;<>= tj,.^„ n..~ ^vere of chance or spontaneous growth, species. — Hump. uaz. i mi -i • , . ^__^ I t he soil IS a compact, greasy, bituminous clay, Enclymenes, a scientific agricul*i-ist, addressed ^^''^'' ^"'^°" "■'°'^* '^ °f ^ f^^ep black colour, it per- 'ravelling in Prussia.— We copy from a for- some inhabitants of Athens who called to see him yadesaneckof about aOO acres, in a stratum of paper the following official notice of certain ' at his country house ; "You imagine yourselves *'''"" '"^ '° '^ '^''','" '■'"^''""^s^' ^"^^ generally lies Illations of the Post, just published in the Ber- i free within the enclosure of your wr.Us, but that ?' ""^ '^'^P'''' "^ '^ ""■ ^ ^'^^^ '"''O"' 'he surface, which Btate Gazette of J\'ov. 4 : 'independence which the laws grant to you is in- '^ ^ ^°^^' tenacious whi^e clay, it is isolated, and a every post station, on the principal roads of j cessantly torn from you by the I/ranny of society. , ^^ ^" "^ '. '^^^ ascertain, not found any where else Prussian States, there has been prepared for Have you not employments to intrigue for and to '" *'^^ vicinity— I send you a specimen of it, and convenience of persons travelling by post, a ! discharge, powerful men to soothe an.: flatter, se- would be glad if some of your chemical friends a to receive them, either in the post-house it- cret mischiefs to foresee and to shun, and <''itios would analyze it, and ascertain its properties.— or if that is notsufficiently large, in its neiirh- jof ceremony, more vigorous than those of nature ^^ ''^'^ '""S thought it very probable that it pos- lood. This room will be properly furnished, , to fulfil .»' Are you not compelled to a continued ^^^^'^'^ """^^^ fertilizing virtues, but chance and ted during the night, and warmed during v\ in- [restraint in your dress, demeanour, actions and ""t enterprise, at length developed them in the Travellers will be received there gratis at ! words ; to endure the insupportable pressure of *"ollowing way. In cutting a ditch bordering on •y hour, -without being oblieed to incur anv I idleness, and the tedious persecutions of the un- i '^ fi^'*^ °^ wheat. I penetrated in several places, :nse for provisions. In this r'oom wll be found I fortunate ? There is no kind of slavery by which ! ^^ '°^' ''^ ""^ stratum, and threw a portion of it ble of the tax of the general post office, point- j y°u are not held in bondage." out refreshments which can be called for, and " r current prices. There shall beside be a j H is stated in the Albany Argus, t'lat the Steam- ster open, in which shall be written the gen- i ^°"'^ ^°"^'''""''" ''"'' Constellr. . .n have each rules for conduct. On the blank leaves trav- j "'^"^P'"'^'"' ■^"'**''" passengers m their trips the rs may inscribe their complaints, if they have ''^*' season, notwithstanding tl to make respecting the slowness and incivihty'''"'"^^'^^'"''"""'' hesides two boats and sloops he attendance, the bad quality of the meats, &c. I P'^J'"S o" the Hudson. The whole number of .ae ci.mplaints wiU be forwarded v\ithout rielay ' P"^*'"^^" *""-''P°"°'' '" steam-boats on the Hud- he authorities, that grievances may be careful- ; ®°" ^"'"'"g '^^ season is estimated at 350,000. xamincd and addressed. These arrangements ' j. ■ ~- 7'- TT 7- made public j It is mentioned in a Connecticut paper as an ex- : traordinnjy ;^fice,that hay of the first quality bears 'hile the farmers generally are complaining of ' '''^ P"**^ °^ *'' ^ *•"" ^^ Northampton on Conncc- .piessure of the times, the low price of beef, ^"="' river. In this town, (Concord, N. H.) good k and other products, let them, in reading what i '"'»>' ^^"^ l"''^'^ ^* *'"'' P^'' '""• t^. H. pa] in heaps for the purpose of making some experi- ments with il. It was neglected, however, and when the field was seeded in wheat, a few scat- tering grains happening to fall upon those heaps, they all grew in this extraordinary manner. Dur- e were seventeen ing the early part of last June, we were visited with myriads of black caterpillars, which did great injury to our wheat, by devouring the blades, the entire heads of the young underling growth, and the top of the cell or chamber containing the grain, as ycu will perceive by examining the plants sent you. I was obliged therefore, to pull up some of them, in order at least, to preserve a sample of the number of shoots. Yours, very truly, J. MERCER, Ccdin- Park, 20fA December, 18a«. [American Farmer.] 188 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 5, ]8:i7.. J''ro7n ilie JVational Gazette. rHILADELPHlA SOCIETY FOn PROMOTING AGRI- CULTURfc. , Stated Meeting, December 19, 1620 — Dr Mease, Vice President, in the chair. The following com- munications were read. On brewer's grains as a food for store pigs. — The advantage stated to attend this food, is its being sufficiently nourishing to promote the devel- opement of the frame, without too great a tenden- cy to fatten: it is also cheap. Mr Botton, of the i It was upon this principle that "The Philadelphia pole-axe, and then cutting their throats to b] Society for Promoting Agriculture" proposed at ; tliem. But this method is cruel and not free { the last annual meeting " a premium for the besti danger. The animal is not always brought di potatoes tlie growth of the seeds of the apple." — by the first blow, and the repetition is difficult The highly farinaceous " Foxite" potatoes are uncertain, and if the animal be not very well said to bo the result of this process. cured, accidents may happen. Lord Somer™ The chairman mentioned that Messrs Mayland (lienera! Survey of the Agriculture of Stropsl & Sen, Tobacconists, of Philadelphia, had receiv- ' by Joseph Plymley, M. A. 8vo. LonJon, 180! ed fiom Cuba a quantity of the seed of the first I 243), therefore, endeavored to introduce the ra quality tobacco produced in that island, called i od of pithing or laying cattle, by dividing the " Buetta Abtixo.'^ This informatii n is here given ' nal marrow above the origin of the phrenic ue for the benefit of the cultivators o t .bacco. The as is commonly practised in Barbary, Spain, P Germantown brewery, put up forty bushels in the j exportation of this seed, or of the tobacco produc- gal, Jamaica, aud in some parts of England; year 1823, and used them during the summer fol- ed from it, is prohibited, except on the liing's ac- j Jackson says, that the " best method of killi] lowing. In Sept. last, one of the casks containing count. bullock, is by thrusting a sharp pointed knife grains was opened, which had been filled in De- The following donations were received — I the spinal marrow, when the bull.ick will imn ceniber, 1895, and with the exception of a few on ! From Robert Barclay, Esq. of Berry Hill, Eng., ' al.dy fall without any strtiogle, then cut the the top, (which, however, were eagerly devoured j through the President of the Society, Loudon's lies about the heart." (Reflections on the Encyclopedia of Agriculture, and a translation in merce of the Mediterranean, by John J:;c blank verse of the first book of the Georgics of Esq. F. S. A. 8vo. London, 18li4. p. iU.) Aith: Virgil, with valusble notes, by the Rev. Robert the operation of pithing is not so dilllcult I Hoblyn, of Cornwall. — The three first numbers of may, with some practice, be performed with toft a New Horticultural iMagai.ine, from the editor, able certainty ; and although Lord Somerjii *a by the pigs,) the grains were found as fresh as if they had been mashed the preceding day. Mr B. sinks a pipe or cask in the earth, so deep that its top is level with the surface ; the grains are thea put in, and well trodden : salt, in the proportion of one peck to twenty bushels, is sprin'Kled through the mass: the head of the cask is let into it about six inches and covered to the level of the chimes with clay ; a loose board cover is tlien thrown over the cask, rnd the contents are ready for use, in one, or twelve months, as m?.y u5 required. 2. A letter from Thomas Appleton, United J. C. Loudon, of London. [PREP.IRED FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER.] took a man with him to Portugal to be instriip|i , j in the method, and made it a condition thalj I prij.e cattle at his exhibitions should be pit-.ed; 1 stead of being knocked down, still pithinL' is i becoming general in Britain. This mav bi: par AGRICULTURAL AXIOMS. Agriculture, in common with other arts, may be ^ owing to piejudice ; but we have been toUi tl prac'tised without any knowledge of its theory ;— \ the flesh of the cattle killed in this way in Port States Consul at Leghorn, to the 'Ciiairman, en- i that is, established practices may be imitated ; but gal is very dark, and becomes soon putrid, prol closing an abridged prose translation of the admir-, in this case it must ever remain stationary. The bly from the animal not bleeding well, m < on! ed Italian poem, '^ It Capello di Po^/ /a," or the mere routine-practitioner cannot advance beyond quence of the action of the heart being int. rru Straw Hat, by Signor Marco Lastri, latfi President ! the limits of his own particular experience, and ed before the vessels of the neck are dr i ,:• 1. of the Academy of Agriculture at Florence ; con- 1 can neither derive instruction from such accidents therefore stems preferable to bleed the r.niiual taining details of sowitir- the seed, gatheriuff, pre! as ^re favourable to his objects, nor guard against death directly, as is practised by th.^ Jew tv.t he serving and separating the straws and the various I the re-occurrence of such as are unfavourable.— ; ^n Card's observation on pithing deserv,- :.tti preparatory onerations to fit them for use in the ; He can have no .resource for unforeseen events, tioii. This gentleman, a surgeon of the .-i,ro\ mannfactorv of Leghorn hats. ! but ordinary expedients ; while the man of science bury Infirmary, after mature con.sider..tion, j It is pleasing to see the various products of the \ resorts to general principles, refers events to their against the practice as causing more- paiu thai | soil call forth the muse. Dr Granger in his poem 1 true causes, and adapts his measures to meet every is-intended to avoid. He says, " Pain and act " Tlie Sugar Cane," has given the whole agricul- \ case. "^ «° g'enerally joined, that we measure the ture of that plant, and the manufacture of sng.ir. | The object of the art of agriculture is to increase gree of pain by the loudness ot theories, iind ^ Phillips details the culture of the apple, and the , the quantity and improve the quality of such veg- lence of the consequent exertion : and thorol conversion of its juice into a delicious drink.— etablc and animal productions of the earth as are conclude, on seeing two animals killed, ;ir,t Dyer, in " The Fleece," gives the management of! used by civilised man; and the object of the agri- one which makes scarcely a struggle, ti. iiii sheep and of wool. The culture of tobacco has ! culturist is to do this with the least expenditure of may continue to breathe, sufters less i been described in classical Latin by Prudentius means ; or in other words with profit. The r.^sult which is more violently convulsed, aijd Apiaralius, a poet of the Bra-ils; and Signor of the experience of mankind as to otiier objects till life is exhausted. It appears, hov.c r, Lastri pow shows how an important and valuable may be conveyed to an inquiring mind in two ilitfe- there may be acute pain without exertion, pcili manufacture may be produced from the skilful rent ways : he may be instructed in the practical as certainly as there is action without pan. ; oi working of a ci.eap raw material. It is to be operations of the art, and their theory, or the rea- distortions that are the first glance would seen wished that some Am.orican would favor us with a sons on which they are founded, laid down and proceed from pain, are not always really acct verbified translation of lu=-< fine poem. explained to him as he goes along ; or ho may be panied with sensation. To constitute pain th 3~ A letter from Mr John Griggs, of Charles- first instructed in general principles, and then in must be a communication between the injured town, Jefi'erson County, Virginia, 'to the chairman, practices which flow from them. The former mode gan and the brain " with a specimen of very long red potatoes, of a is the natural or actual mode in which overy art is most prolific nature. Three pecks produced forty- acquired- (in so far as its acquirement is made) by two bushels ! Their origin is unknown. Mr such as have no recourse to books, and may be Gricgs purchased them ofi" a raft which came compared to t!,e natural mode of acquiring the . , , , , • , down the Potomac. Some members presenf.recol- language without the study of its grammar. The and more violent than when the spinal marron leeted having planted potatoes apparently similar latter mode is by much the most correct and effect- divided, yet the re^is, Uhnik. reason to bel,. to those sent by Mr G., some years since r the ual, and is calculated to enable an instructed agn- prodr.ce was great, but the quality not sufficiei>tly culturist to proceed with th» same kind of confi- fkrinaccous for the table. For hogs, or cattle, dencc and satisfaction in Ins practice that a gram- Ihey would be found a profitable winter fooil. i marian does in the use of language. 4. Dr Tidyman, of South Carolina, an honorary | ^^, _^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ killing animals. member of the Society, sent to the chairman, with I ,,..., , l, j r„, f„„^ „,«> oiti.o, , 1 f .u * « *„„ ,.,l;„k Most of those slaughtered for food are either a letter, some seeds or the sweet potatoe, wnicn : '^ r i ■ r . i ' , .^ , , ,[,.„ ,, „,^,, „f cj r fi„Hin,r"jled to death or are bled profusely immediately were distributed. 1 he planters ot r?. u nnoing , , , . , • , r v.- ■ „ti , . ,,. ^. ' r .1. • t„ „f after beinT' deprived of hie in some other way. — that from long cultivation of the same varieties of j^'^'=' •=' ^ I „f i,;ii;„„ „„t.lo in H,;,. 1-in 5. ,.u 1 t„j i,„„n ,i„ The common mode ot killing cattle in this kin the sweet potatoe, they are degenerated, have de ' -"'^ " tormined to improve them by sowing the seeds.— dom., is, by striking them on the forehead with a In the old method of slaughtering, a concuss of the brain takes place, and therefore the pov of feeling is destroyed. The animal drops, and though convulsions take place generally Ion that the animal suffers less pain. The imm>'di consequence of the blow is the dilatation of ' pupil of the eye, without any expression of c sciousness or fear on the approach of the hand. From all these circumstances, DuGard conclu that the new method of slaughtering cattle is m painful than the old. The puncture of the mei la spinalis does not destroy feeling, though it r ders the body quiescent, and in .!iis state the ! mal both endures pain at the punctured part, ! suffers, as it were, a second death, from the p •ol. V No. '>4 . NEW KrV(2LvVi\l) FAKMER. 189 tiiinlncss from loss of lilooii in cuUiny the t, wliich is pructiseti in botli metiiods. Kvc- Honie, in a valuable paper (Shrew. Rep. page ) has sii_'gestotl a mooC of perforiiiing the op- en, which would answer completely coiild we ure of having oppriitors snfticiently skilful : we may the less rejrret the difficulty ofjiettiny modes established when we thus see the sii- rily of an old custom under very improbable umstancos ; and if well meant reformers want- iny additional motives to care and circuinspec- , a very fonible one is furnished in the in- icc of the time and trouble taken to introduce operation, and which, as it has been hitherto tised, is the very reverse of what was intend- i wish Modfit. The Mosaic law so strictly pro- I ts tlie eating of bloo.l, that tlie Talmud con- is a body of rcijulations concerning the killing ardmals ; and the Jews, as a point of religion, not eat the flesh of r.ny animal not killed by a her of their own persuasion. Their method is ;ie all the four feet of the animal tegether, bring o the ground, and, turning its head back, to cut throat at once down to the bone, with a long, ■y sharp, but not pointed knife, dividing all the ge vessels of the neck. In this way the blood iischarged quickly and completely. The effect indeed said to be so obvious, that seme Chris- ns will eat no meat but what has been killed by lew butcher. Calves, pies, sheep, and lambs, i all killed by dividing at once the large vessels the neck. j nimals which are killed by accident, as by ' ng drowned, hanged, or froxnn. or by a fall, or venous animal, are not absolutely unwhoiesome. i iJced, they only differ from those killed metliml- illy in not being bled, which is also the case : til animals that are snared, and in those killed hounds. Animals which die a natural deatft ; ould never be eaten, as there are undeniable in- iiices of disease, and even death being the con- quence. Animals frequently undergo some prepnration jfore they are killed. They are commouli kept ithout food for some time, as if killed w.th full omachs their flesh is considered not to keep well. xen are commonly fasted for two or three days, nailer animals a day, but it is evident that the | actice must not be carried too far, as the oppo- ' te effect will be produced by the animal falling , 5" or getting feverish. Dr Lister has stated that othing contributes more to the whiteness and .'nderness of the flesh of calves than often bleed-! ig them, by which the coloring matter of the [ lood is exhausted, and nothing but colorless cum remains. A much more cruel method of ■reparation for slaughter used to be practised, I hi, ugh not much less frequently, in regard to the ' mil. By some ancient municipal laws, no butclier | vas allowed to expose any bull beef for sale un- j ess previously baited. The reason of this regula- ion probably was, that baiting had the effect of j ■en-ering the flesh or mu.scular fibre niucIimore| ender ; for it is a universal law of the animal I xonouiy that, when animals have undergone ex- I iessive fatigue immediately before death, or have | uffered from a lingering death, their flesh, though t becomes sooner rigid, also becomes sooner ender than when suddenly deprived of life in a tate of health. The flesh of hunted animals also 3 soon tender and sc.on spoils (Recherches de 'hysiologie et de Chimie PaUiologique, par. P. N. ivysten. fvo. fans, loil.); and it is i!|nui this lioui odo hundred acros. In what way can the principle only, that the ijunlity of pig's flesh could landholder expect so great a profit in ao years, be improved by the horrid cruelty, said to bo prac- with the same probability of success as from this ? tised i)y the Germans, of whipping the animal to If my recollection serves me, the timber, the seeds death. — Loudon. of which were planted by one man in England, was I sold for £t!0,()(KI sterlinir, ($"-ilJlJ,(itHi 6(> \ The locn«t WAUSWORTII'S STEAM EiMGINE. 'tree becomes v.hmhln in fift, „ , t ne locust , tree necomes vaiuauic in niteen years after plaut- Phe Providence Americ.ui contains the report of !„„, and in twenty five or thirty years is of full a committee appointea to e>;amine a steam cngiue, growth. It is easily raised by plantinji 15 or 20 invented by l>r. Wa.lsvyoith of Portsmouth, and trees to the acre, and as soon as the roots have lately built at Providence. 1 he steam is generated >,pread, run a plough through the "round and in sixteen double pipes, of four feet in length, and where it cuts the roots, new shoots will sprmV un one and a half inches interior dium,>ter. These Another important advantaire results from" the are entirely distinct tro,.: each other, and are in- locust. This tree invites the grass to grow under s-erted in a lurnace ot mason work, four and a half jt, aiid the shade does not materially injure it and feet long, three and a hall teet wide, and three ' v«hile grass in the field is burnt up by the scorch- high. These lubes present to the fire a surface of , i„„ rays of the sun, the locust grove will yield a of water of about Jorty eight square feet, and they Hch and luxuriant pasture.— i.o»ff hi. pa. are connected by means of tubes with the cylinder, on vvhich the steam acts in the usual manner. — NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. The engine operated with a pressure of fourteen I We have received the ffty-fourth number of pounds to the square inch, and was estimated,from this work. The subjects of the Reviews con- the area, length and vibrations of the piston, to tained in it arc 1, Internal Improvements 2, Win- be of eleven horse power. During the period oc- throp's History of New-England, 3 The Wise Men cupied by i;.e committee in the investigation threelof Gotham; 4, Reed's Growth of the Mind ; 5. h urs and a half, one foot only of pine wood , was ; Wheaton's Life of William Pinkney ; fi. Diploma- consumed, and this quantity was amply sufficient, ; cy of the United States; 7, Wilson's and Bona- for heating the engine, generating the steam, and ' parte's Anthology ; 8, Story's and Hillhousc's keeping the engine m operation. They estimate ;Phi Beta Kappa Orations ; 9, Pickering and Oli- tiie saving of fuel, over that consumed in engines jver's Schrevelius ; 10, Carter's Essay on the Im- of the same power, of the usual construction, at 1 provement of C'ommon Schools, 11, Cardozo'e sixty six per cent. One of the committee had I Notes on Political Economy ; 12, Russian Tales; witnessed the application of Rhode Island coal to the working of the engine, with entire success. [Boston Daily Adv.] THE LOCUST TREE. For many years past, much attention has been paid to the cultivation of forest trees in England, as an object of primary importance ; in France, also, 1 am informed, great attention iias been giv- en to the raising of the Locust Tree, which is in- ^Book ; 10, Form'ofGovermnent"i'i7 Buenos" AyreT; 13, Revisions of the Lav\s of New- York. The subjects of Critical .Yotices are ; 1, Francis Ber- rain ; 2, Biyan's Poetical Address ; 3, Collections of New- York Historical Society; 4 Everett's New- Ideas on Population ; 5, Education in Tennessee ; 6, Grimshaw's Books for Schools ; 7, American Journals in France and Germany ; 8, The Atlan- tic Souvenir and Memorial ; 9, Greenwood and Emerson's Clasical Reader, and Frost's Class 1^ Mason's Address on Church Music. valuable for its durability and hardness, partieu larly in ship building, machinery, fences, &c ; and the foundation of an independent fortune is laid Good Salt. — A difference in point of quality, by the father for his children, who will be at the j greater than is generally imagined, exists between small expence and trouble of plrnting and raising ! salt recently manufactured, and salt which has this valuable tice, am' at the same time he is do- j undergone depuration, and been well drained from ing a real benefit to his country. (the brine and bittern. Recent salt is not well a- On Long Island there are many thousand acres of ; dapted for preserving meat, or the uses of the ta- land not worth cultivating in the ordinary method; j ble ; it imparts to meats a bad taste, vitiates their at least, it is suffered to remain so ; and which . color, and prevents their acquiring that firmness might bo rendered valuable, by plandng the same I which is essential to their preservation. It is,iuore- with locust. I have been asked .$30 and $40 for ] over, subject to great waste during its conveyance single trees, (chosen trees,) on the ground as they I to any distance, as it dissolves in a moist air, and were then growing. The ordinary price for the runs into a liquid state. Salt which is of a good timber may perhaps be quoted at 75 cents per cube foot for full si?ed timber, which is the price that government has paid for it for building our ships of war, and it has been obtained with diffi- culty at that orice. It is not probable that it will decrease in value — Now to show the great profit which might be realized by planting this tree, the following estimate is exhibited. Take for instance one hundred acres of land, it will bear two hun- dred trees to the acre, for it grows more luxuri- ant by standing close, and it will probably allow more than this number; this will give 20,000 trees to a hundred acres, which may averag« twenty age may be distinguished from recent salt, by a taste penetrating, yet free from bitterness ; by the solidity of its fabric, and by its not deliquescing when exposed to a moist atmosphere. Jl Good Bread. — A mixture of two parts flour, and one potatoe, makes an agreeable bread, which cannot be distinguished from wheaten bread. It is said that not less than 300 tons of potatoes are consumed for this purpose in London eveiy week. Economical and safe Way of malting Soap. — To 12 gallons of ley, strength just sufficient to bear feet per tree, and at 75 cents' per foot, would g,ve a" egg, add 16 pounds of melted grease, «hi uller, should have a good and dura- i ,„,,;„„ „f ,.,„ i,„<,i„ ..,i.;„i. ;„ f,„„„„„n,. .!„ „ traction of the heels, which is frequently the case, it will be necessary to rasp the quarters moderate- -the acorns should be , jy ^nd should they appear to be too strong, want- ing a proper degree ot elasticity, keep the hoofs at travel through the ery liable to have their heels inflamed and cracked, as it is termed unless great attention is paid to them in the stable. In cases where the taken from the largest and most tlirifty trees— be ncTns Ln ?W ' ."■ "'' '^^""•'f'^V^" -^o'^'-Vmoist' Horses th: Thllrnnn^ 1 ,7k '"^ '', T'' '? '^' f""'— ^i"'^'- '^^'^ very liable to hav 1 he ground should be ploughed and hoed among them, during the first eight or ten years ; after lrer"XvT^°o''''fP'"'%''°f '^'*■"'^°"';'^^^^^^^^^ already thus aff-ected, they should be Ts th?v trow hrlp/i IW^ ' '" ^'""] '™' T T I ^-'>'^'' '" "-derately warm water or soap suds, as l7Jli:utT'''u '\Y ''°"'V° ^' ''"^^ '.'=' ^oon as the horse geis in, and afterwards careful- distance each way, when they will want bo thin ning for a long time. But after the trees come to be large, he thinks 25 or 30 feet apart will be the right distance. The oak thrives better in hilly than in boggy ground, but flourishes most luxuriantly on rich black soils, or in strong moist loams. It will grow, however, on almost any soil that is not too wet. The Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture have offered a premium of $100 for tlie best plantation of White Oak Trees, not less than one acre, nor fewer than one thousand trees per acre, to be raised from the acorn, and %vhich trees shall be in the best thriving state on the 1st of September 1827. ON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF HORSES. Previous to setting out on a long journey, every precaution should be employed to bring a horse into as perfect a state of health as possible. If he has been sometime at grass, ho should be taken ily wiped dry with a cloth, if much inflamed, a I poultice, and afterwards the following astringent lotions are to be applied : — Alum powdered 1 oz. Vitriolic acid (sulphuric acid 1 dr. Water 1 pint. And if there be any ulcers or crocks use the fol lowing astringent ointment. Venice turpentine 1 oz. Hog's lard 4 oz. Alum, finely powdered 1 oz. And let the following alterative powder be given occasionally. Powdered resin and nitre, of each 4 oz. Mix, and divide into eight doses. When a horse's wind appears to be imperfect, he should not be allowed to fill himself with hay or water, and must be prevented from eating his litter, which horses of this description are gener- ally inclined to do, particularly when stinted in hay. up, and kept in a stable, a week at least, previous ! . "^1"°°" ,f ^ *'°''! comes into the stable, let his to commencing vour journey. It is likewise ' r "^ cleaned, and all dirt or gravel care- proper to e.xamin'fi hi« font nn,1 co» tuL ,u„., ., ' I ™'y removed. It is a very common practice with proper to examine his feet, and see that they are in good order, and properly fitted with shoes The saddle or harness should be inspected. Be- fore a horse is taken out for a long journey, he , , , , ■., , ^ • , should for a fortnight previous, be rode out daily' , T"' '"'?"'"'"'''' during the winter as for exercise ; not merely walked about for twenty "'"Y ^'^ consequences may arise from it. Dur- ry common p; ostlers, even in winter, to tie the horse up in the yard, that he may undergo the ceremony of hav ing his heels washed with cold water. This The Afassachiisetts Legislature met on the 3i inst, and after the customary preliminary proceecL ings, the Secretary came in and delivered a Mi sage from the Governor. This is long, able, interesting,but its general diffusion by other me; supersedes the necessity of our publishing it. ,' CONGRESSIONAL. Senate — Mr Johnson reported the bill to i bolish imprisonment for debt, with amendment which was ordered to be re- printed with the pri posed amenJments inserted. A bill giving furthf compensation to Officers commanding companif in the U. 8. army was discussed, and ordered I be engrossed. A resolution passed for inquirin into the price of the Sifps, the expendituies, df of the Navy Yards. The Bankrupt bill was dii cussed and several amendments agreed to. HocsE — The President communicated by Me sage, a report from the Secretary of State, with c^poy o.* certain articles relating to the Britis Colonial Trade. Among many other petitioi presented, were two from the Wool Growers, &.■ of Berkshire, Mass. and Vermont, for further ai and protection of Woollen Manufactures. Message was received from the President relatin to the proceedings of the Congress of Ministei which assembled last summer at Panama. A mc tion was made, and carried, after a long and wan debate, for inquiring whether there be any law i force in the District of Columbia, authorising th' imprisonment of any freeman of color. &c. in cei tain cases in said District. The President b Message transmitted a report from the Secretar of State relating to certain negotiations with th Government of the United Mexican States. M Reed of Mass. made some remarks on the subjec of a communication across the Isthmus of Pana ma. minutes or half an hour, but kept out for an hour or two, during which time he should have some trotting, as well as walking exercise. It is advis- able to have the horse shoed four or five days be- hot wcathar when the roads are dry and dust allow a horse to drink a small quantity of water now and then, while on the road ; this not only refreshes him considerably, but has the useftil cf fore lie sets off" on the journey ; because if thev do r"''*' °''''''°''"g '^"^ moistening his hoofs, as ho will not exactly fit him, or if a nail shall have been driven too close, the error can bo corrected with generally be made to stand in the water while drinkin;;,', nor is there the least danger to be ap- out much inconvenience. Should he be at all sub- ! !! „ , , ^ > """ ""'^ss he in rode very hard i ject to grease, or swMing of the legs, a dose ^j.' "•"•'•■''''• '-'' wJUi: mediately before or after. In winter he shoul never be taken into the water, if it can be avoid- Burying Bees- — ^^In addition to the tostimon\ already given, in proof of the practicability of bury ing bees during the winter, a gentleman from New London, N. H. informs us the farmers in that vi cinity very generally adopt the plan, with success Medical InttUigc:icc:-.- — This excellent work, edited hy our esteemed townsman Dr J. G. Coffin, 13 vvell spoken of in the Philadelphia Journals. A judicious writer in the American Daily Advertiser after stating that its circulation in Philadelphia^ Vol. v.— No. ai. NEW ENGLAND FAUMER. Idl lot equalled its merit!;, siiys, Hint "the objects 6 Intelligencer, in its present management, particularly hi/gienc, the art of prcservinir h, including the curious, and now fjencrally o.sting, subject of syiiinastics, tlic rules of uct proper to be observed by the sick and friends, and the preservation of authentic rc- of epidemics." olltn Manit/iictttres. — A meeting of -lanufac- 1-' and growers of wool, and other gciitlenien n^ an interest in the protection ot domestic try, was held at VVoodsto> k, Vprniont, on tlie ult. The Hon. Elijah Paine, of Williams- was called to the eh-ir, and Asa Aikens, of !.or, ap|)oiuted Serretr.ry. It was resolved, ; .-ense of the meetinji-, that the present de- ied state of the Woollen Manufactures has uced a ci^rr;'.«pon ling depression in the price ool. iini! t.ial it is necessary to apply to Con- I for som-; I'urtlicr protection, to prevent the prostration of both tliese branches of indus- ll'inler Kvcnings slioul 1 li- occupied in reading W ,N : EU— A iii:in wiih his wife to take charjfc ol' by those wlio have not business to employ them. « talualde dairy and vc-g.iahle farm, within mc mil. Nino-tenths of mankind spen.-. more tune in posi- ' °''",'';' """'^ "f^altm. To olh who can produce uu- . ,, ... • , • . doiiblid rtcomm(ndation9,liofral terms will be offered, tive idleness, neither in business, recreation, nor | N„„p other need apply. E. liKflSEY DERBY. needful repose, than is neces>ary, if employed in' t'.TUni, 5tli January 1827. judicious roi'.ding, to make thtun verv. intelligent ,-~nii'i>ivr . m iv ,„ ,,. . . I 7. ;: , r •, n.. " .1 u I" l'UrNA.M No 12 WashiDgtonSMreet, hasforsa e, members of society. But hovv many are there who , vv^tche,, Jewelry, Combs, Fancy Goods, Gold Heads do not even read a newspaper. They have not and Silver Spoons, (warranted) which he will sell low time, and can't afford the e.'ipense ! yet tiioy can for cash, idleaw.iy two or three houis iu a di^y. and spend the pri."e of lialf a dozen newspapers, or a share in a public library, for rum to poiir down tMeir necks. Improved Black Ink Powder and Liquid Ink. SAMur.L kii)1jf:ii & co. Manufacture Black ink Powder and Jjiquid Black Ink of an improved quality. For more than twenty years, S. Kidder has been enj;aged in the manufacture of Ink Powder, and has during that period devoted his attention to the im- Ji'eather. — A snow storm o.n'.nenced about noon on the "idtli ult. iind continue l auoiit 48 hours — The quantity of snow now on the ground, which fell in this storm, is thought to be greater than has, r'ovement of the composition. The article now of- ,- ,, u r . " ,■ i I ilerid the pnb ir, is warranted equal to anv in the tallen before at anv one time for several years . i, . i- ■,■ ^ •! ,, , ,„, ,, j , , J , 'country. Us peculiarities are, a permanent black past. The coldest day we have had the present : „iti,out the usual glutinous properties which prevent the easy dow of the luk from the pen. season was on the Sir'th ult, when in Boston at sun rise the thermometer stood at zero. At Philadel- phia, on the same morning it stood at six degrees below zero. ler a lucid exposition and able discussion of object before the meeting, in which the Hon. les Marsh, Gen. Z. Curtis, the Hon. Elias es, and the Hon. Titug Hutchinson took part, morial to Congress was adopted, in accord- with that resolution. The memorial was red to be printed, and copies transmitted to county in the state, with a request that such lomen as feel an interest in the subject, would and transmit the same to the Vermont dele- •n in Congress, imeeting has been held at Brooklyn of the growers and manufacturers of Windham and London Counties, at which resolutions were 3d. that it was expedient to petition Congress n increased duly on foreign woollen goods; a specific duty be laid on the square yard,.ind the duty on dye stuffs, and other articles con- id in tlieir manufacture be repealed. A com- ic consisting of tive gentlemen, were appoint- draft a memorial to the Congress of the Unit- tates, in conformity with the resolutions. lie Bridgeport paper mentions an extensive iver)' which had been recently erected in that 3, and which it is said, can manufacture from to ten thousand barrels of this wholesome ■i annually. The increase of breweries, and :}uantity of ale that is consumed, will, we iui- cause our Farmers to turn their attention le growing of Barley. The demand for this le commands for it a higher price than almost Other of our agricultural productions. [Hartford Times.! t/mnasia — These institutions are of German in, (or rather of German revival) and are grow- into popularity throughout Europe and Ameri- They are attached to most of the English pub- chools and in various cities of the United es are liberally encouraged. That at Boston been established under most flattering auspices. Visi'ing Committee of the Military Academy Vest Point recommend one there. We per- that a new one is advertised in New York. Canada. — The population of Canada is rapidly For ^ale. wliolesale and retail, by the Proprietors, under Washington Hall, Charlestown, Mass. and by appointment, by JOSEPH KIUDER, 70, rourl-street. Boston. oct 27. (K^T-C.iSH will be paid at this office, for the follow- PRICES OP COUNTRY PRODUCE. increasing both by emigration, and by natural in- i ing numbers of the New England Farmer, 40, 43, 44, crease. That of Lower Canada, according to the j 48, vol. iv. official returns made last winter, was 420,'i7i>. — The number of settlers who have arrived at Que- bec from Great Britain and Ireland, within the last eight years, is a little short of 80,000, of whom it is computed that about a third have settled in Lower Canada, a third in Upper Canada, and the other third have come to the Unitcii Sta e ■ The population of Upper Cana la is found by late offi- cial returns to amount to 231,77s souls. The num- ber of acres of land in the province under cultiva- tion, is l,llo,0'20. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - . - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo. No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX - - FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, . - - Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye - - - - - Corn - ... Barley - ... IMPROVED CAST STEEL SHOVELS. Oats - - . - - We are happy in bringing before the publick HOGS' LARD, Isl sort, new, - some notice of Mr BisbeVs improved Cast Steel ; jIOPS, No 1, Inspection - - Shovels. They are faithfully made, the plates of | oil. Linseed". Phil, and Northern cast steel, the sockets being well secured with , plaISTER PARIS retails at bush bbl. clasps or bands of iron. After a fair trial, many farmers hiive given them a decided preference, at one dollar and seventy-five cents the single shovel PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - to any other kind in use. They are made by Mr j SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Ziba Bisbee of East Bridgewater, who obtained a ' premium of .$10.00 at the last Show in Brighton. Mr Bisbee has left one of them at the Farmer office for inspection. 16>46 a law was enacted in the colony of Mas- lusetts against the keeping any such day as Clover WOOL, Merino, full blood,wa?h do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's,' 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISION MARKET. BEEl'', best pieces TO FARMERS— I Diet, a larni couia.mug ...j ;.e..-s of land, a large and comfortable house, barn, &c. The land is of good quality, and of easy cultivation. There are on tlie place a variety of choice young fruit trees, which are just beginning to bear ; also 10 acres of peat meadow, on which could be cut enough fuel for the PORK, fresh, best pieces, family, and is an excellent manure. Said farm is situ- " whole hogs, aled in Cambridge, about 4 miles from Boston market. YE.\L, " " " " " The terms will be on a lease from six to ten years, the I MUTTON", first year's rent to be expended for manure, and a part afterwards to be laid out in the same manner every vear. — The above offers a desirable opportunity to an intelligent, thorough and enterprising farmer. No one istmas : and in the same act prohibiting all I but who can bring recmmendations as being such need ons from playing at cards, dice, &c.-both| ^Pl''?- THOMAS BREWER, 416 Washington str't. nces to be punished by a fine of five shillings. POULTRY, - - - BUTTER, keg & tub, lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, do. - POTATOES, CIDER, liquor, (new) bush bbl lb. cask al. Ion. bl. bush lb. FKOIf 1 2; 85 00 105 00 1 50 9 25 7 25; 5 50 bbi. 14 3 10 90 5 87 5 75 3 25 87 68 1 00 60 85 75 2 50 12 00 10 00 10 75 2 50; 9 30l 205 28| 23 20 38 28 87 00 no 00 1 75 9 50 7 60 G 00 1'/ 6 6 11 1 00 6 00 6 00 3 50 93. 70 1 10 63 10 I «. 90 80 2 69 13 00 11 00 11 00 3 00 10 45 30 33 28 23 42 S3 10 H 6 10 8 10 18 26 1 00 1 :>0 62 \ 75 102 NEW ENGLAND FARxMBR. Jan. 5. 1H'>7. saiscia.i.ANiiis. JVtw- Yearns MdrCss to the Patrons of the NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ONCE more, my friends, a New-Year's day Demands your Carrier's annual lay, Bids liim again appear before ye In what Pope styles "a flood of gloryj" Alias, a cataract of rhyme, Most inexpressibly sublime ; — Scale heaven by one gymnastic hop I — Stop, stop, my Pegasus, stop, stop '. Our poet's nag will make a wreck Of bag and baggage, noil and neck — Though heartless critics sdowl and scoff, We must, as he gels on, get off. And trudge along in gingled prose, Like one, who following his uose, A plain and turnpike path to trace Moves at a go-to-njeeting pace. Good, gentle patrons; one and all, I take the liberty to call That I may let you.kuow, as how. This is my nicest new year's bow ; Not cut out in a dancing school. Nor madt up, by a cockney-rule ; But hope 'twill pass for a correct Mute manifesto of respect. I've ta'cn the freedom to appear, To wish you a propitious year. Just hint at services I've render'd And those I hope may still be tender'd Then , with your worship's licence till Take leave in diplomatic style. I think there is not one in ten Thousand that does more good to men— • vVorks for their welfare with more fervent Zeal than your most obedient servant. For this, to wit, for that, whereas I know of nobody that has Giv'n to the world more useful matters Than our New England Farmer scatters. Where'er its pages you examine Tou find us still at war with famine, Or giving battle to disease, Without a cent lor Doctor's fees. In short we place our whole delight In doing good with all our might. — Tell how the head should guide the hand To make an Eden of your land ; — Have shed such light on rural labours Your farm's a model for your neighbours. Look ! only look ! says every one, What Mister — such an one has done ! His farm, the essence of fertility, Is manag'i with such great abilily, His crops, with less of toil and trouble, Beat mine, in fact, by nearly double, And he lays heaps of cash aside, who Don't labour half so hard as 1 dn. I, with great difficulty clear My way along from year to year. And scarcely 'scape the Sheriff's clutches ; He turns to gold whate'er he touches ! Indeed, good Sir, and well he might. No man works hard, who works it right. The enlighten'd head, pray understand, Makes light the labour of the hand, The farmer's toils (in Hudihrastics,) Are agricultural gymnastics — Mere rural sports, coi;ibiniiig health Peace, innocence, weal, wisdom, wealth. The precept! I am weekly giring Tend to make life one long thanksgiving. It follows therefore, truth to fell, None but my self's my parallel I Comparing nie to Alexander, Or Bonaparte, 's magnific slander. For they laid waste the works of God, And on the necks of mankind trod, — Were, bloody, barbarous and base Deslroyers of the human race. But I, although a puny shaver; Might well be styl'd my country's Sattr ; A man who saves men's livee by giving Good rules to save their means of living. Thus it appears I am a sage And useful sort of personage. And something due to me I trust is. For balancing the scales of justice, To wit, a nine pence, or a quarter. For which our mouth begins to water ; Or, if no other change be handy, A pistareen will be the dandy ; To enable me, in these hard times To gingle cash, as well as rhymes. Good wishes then, with thanks appended Shall Btill by gratitude be blended. May you enjoy through life's career All that can make you happy here. And, when at length you cease to live All that Eternity can give, Boston, Jan. 1, 1827. (lunUfi cation for Freedom — When a periion la up liis treeilom in Alnwick, he is obliged by cliarter of that place to jump into an adjacent 1 and sink up to his chin. This custom was impol by King Jolin, who, travelling that way, horse sinking fast in the hole, took this method punish the people of the town for not keeping road in better order. — Lincoln Mercury. A swimming school is about to be opened the convenience of such of the inhabitants of! don as wish to be taught how to swim, times," said Sir Wm. Curtis, " are peculiarly gl ed to the establishment, as most persons find itj ficult to keep their heads above water." If there be many things between heaven earth, of which our philosophy never dreame( has, on the other hand, dreamed of many thi( which are not to be found any where. CANTHARIDES. . The cantharides (Spanish flies used for bliste are very abundant in Sicily, and that country fui ishes a great part of Europe. The Sicilians belij that they come from Asia or Egypt, for they arri regularly every year in swarms, in the last days May and the first of June. The peasants kit by the odor which tliey shed, that they are l far off, and after they have seen them aligiit U{ an olive tree,(this kind of tree particularly attr* them) they come early in the morning and sprt a great sheet under the tree ; the tree is shal and the flies fall upon the sheet. They ore tl put into earthen vessels and killed by sprinkl them with vinegar from time to time. Th.y afterwards dried, and packed in tight boxi casks. [Hamp. Gai Wood, who wrote some account of New Eng- land, in 1033, says Dorchester was then the larg- est settlement or town in the Bay. He also re- marked that there was much cleared land about Moufit Wollaston, The greatest Sachem in Mas- sachusetts lived in that vicinity, and near Ncpon- set river. His name was Chichatanbut. His son and grand-son were friendly to the English. In 1629, Plymouth contained .300 inhabitants. — But soon after Boston was settled, 1030, it became the capital of the country, and its good people took the lead and began to dictate ; for which some think they have been remarkable to the present time. •A Seasonable Hint. — Mr Sergeant Popham, when Speaker of the House of Commons, which had sat long and done nothing, coming one day to Queen Elizabeth, she said to him " Now, Mr Speaker, what has passed in the House ?" He an- swered, " May it please your M&]eaty , eleven %oeeks! When the learned John Selden was a member of the famous assembly of divines at Westminster, who were appointed to new model religion, he used to delight in puzzling them with curious quibbles. In one of these debates these venerable sages were gravely employed in determining the distance be- tween Jerusalem and Jericho ; and one of them, to prove that it could be but a short distance, ob- served that_^s/( was carried from one place to the other. On which Mr Selden said, " Perhaps it was salt fish." This remark threw the determination again into uncertainty. Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plants, D. & C. LANDRF.TH. J^urseri/, Seedsmen, and Florists, PHILADEI.PniA, HAVE constantly on hand for sale, a veiy i collection of Fruit Trees, Hardy Ornamental 'I'ncs -hrubs. Green House Plants, Bulbous Roots, fiai ■-•eeds, &c, iic not e.xreeded by any similar (stab menl in the United States. In their selection of FRUITS for cultivation, e care and attention has been paid, and from :. n ii:!. ry with the subject of many years, they believe it i judieiouslv. The ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, both tender hardy, which they are now cultivating, are some of I most esteemed and admired of both native and es>| origin. 'Ihc GARDEN SEEDS, of which a large and g ral assortment is cultivated, are exclusively of t own rearing, for which purpose a number of acrei tached to the establishment are appropriated, and I the moment they are planted, throuph all the var stages of their growth and ripening are under their mediate care and superintendence, consequently I are enabled to assure purchasers not only of their: but quality. Persons ordering any of the articles on their e logue, mtiy be assured of having them well and sa packed, and of every attention being paid to them, that tbey will give satisfaction. Orders received by Messrs. PARKER & CODM No. 9 Congress-square, near the Exchange Ct House, Boston, of whom priced Catalogues of whole may be had gratis. tf. Dec. 1- ,t/"Puhlished every Friday at Three Dollars per uum, payable at the end of the year — but those pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing, entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. Gentlemen who procure^re responsible snbscril ae entitled to a sixth volume gratis. New subscribers can be furnbhed with the prei ing numbers of the current volume. EW ENGLAND EARI^IEK. ; Mi.^hed by Joiln B. Rijssell at the cor«t of Congress ami LiiuliUl Streets, (ciitraiue tVoin Lindall Street). — Thomas G. Fessemikiv toitor. OL. V. iS) STON, Fill DAY, JA> liRlY 12, 1827. No. 25. )illGINAL FAVEiltS, :_.^- -^ „: ^^_-_^_-^:. FOREST TRKES. e.KK Sir — Having rea;l n communication, from irrcspondent of Rockingham, New IlampilifO, our paper of yesterday, requestinu; informltion Ir' 11, ode of gathering and plantiuij the seWs le White and Pitch jiines. Cedar, Uock-Mkple, :in 1 Button-wooil, I enclose you a letl* to \. Tyni, Esq., on the cultivation of the last cii tree. j \ii>\\cr.sto the queries, relative to the Wliitc e und Elm, may be found in the New Engan i mor of the l.jth and 22i of September lasl aving raised the Rock-Maple from the sehl. I cmnmunicate in a few days, such inform*ii'n possess, a.s to the method of cultivating libit t valuable trie, and endeavor to answer Uie r questions of your correspondent. \ Very respectfully, , Your most o^ed't serv't, H. A. S. DEARBORN. Irinlet/ Pltiee, Roxbury, ) •ail. Gth, 1S27. ) 'EAR Sir — It affords me pleasure to answer r queries relative to the cuUivatiuu of Ihe crican Plane tree. I 'ho balls, contiau from twelve to fifteen b d seeds, and generally remain upon the tr- il spring, when they f.»ll to pieces, and e d being invested with a bristly down, foritiuj >lic:itc paracHute, th«>y are wafted to .i feiu-ii, ance by the wind. Tliey ripen late and slioul;! be collected until some time after the autumnal ;ts have causeil the leaves to drop from the 3. When thoroughly dry, bre:ik them up an.i ar'ate the seeds by rubbing them between your ids; but if the seeds are not to be sown until ing, — whirh I think the preferable time, — it is It to put the balls in a dry place and not break m to pieces until the period of sowing ; or the Is may be coll.Tted fom the trees in Marth ; latter raoiie I have followed with success. 'or a seminary, select a rather moist piece of jund, which has been planted for one or two irs. Prepare it by digging, or ploughing, and iing, until the mould is fine and light. If the 1 is not rich, it should be manured. Sow the ids broad <5ast, very thick, and rake them in. so It they shall be completely covered, — takiii;: re to leave the ground level and smooth.— ^ hether sown in autumn or spring I have nevor led to have an abundance of plants ; but reioni ;nd the spring, as the better season. Prom a d less tlian a foot wide and about 25 yards lou". wn in the spring of 18'25, I set out last April. er 4flO plants, that are now from three to five et high. When the ^ilants first appear in the seed beds. ey are very tender and liable to be killed by a )t sun, particularly if the ground should be dry that time ; it is, therefore, e-xpedient to screen lem for a few weeks, either by mats, or brush irown over some poles, resting upon crotched akes, two or three feci above the ground. I have usually transplanted thom into a nursery, hen a year old, placing them a foot apart, in the ro.i.s, wliicii »iiould lie three feel asunder. Wlioii throe or four years old, tliey may be removed and planted ai)out your grounds or house, for shade, oriianicnt or fuel. The seedbeds should be kept dear nf weeds, and the ground in the nursery between the rows, dug ovr even/ syring, and often hoid and raktd. It is very remarkable that the cultivation of the Plane has not claimed grea-er attemion in tliis country, being the loftiest, largest, and most mag- nilireiit of our forest trees. As a shade it is su- perior to all others, for its broad and beautiful rfreen leaves, excluding the direct rays of the sun, admit a mellow light, while tiie di-tance between thom rnd the far-spreading branches permits a free circulation of air, without tliat damp and gloomy umbrafjeousness which all tlic evergreens of the temperate zones, and most of the decid.uous trees, produce, when planted round a mansion house. The Oriental Plane is renowned for the admira- tion in which' it was held, and the care bestowed upon its cultivation by the Asiatics, Greeks, and Romans, and still claims pre-eminence among the forest trees which embellish the extensive parks, public squares, and avenues of Europe. Evelyn is unqualified in^his coinrnendatigns of this monarch of the forest, and I extract the fol- lowing paragraphs from his Sylva, — the encyclo- pedia-of the arboriculturist. " This beautiful and precious tiee, anciently sa- " cred to Helena, was so iloiited on by Xerxes, tliat '• ,Eliar. and other uuthors toll us, he made a halt, " ind tlopucd his pror'i^ious army of I./Oti.OHO " soldiers, to admire the pulchritude and procerity " of one of them ; and becoming so fond of it, that "spoiling both himself, his concubines, and great •' persons of all their jewels, he covered it with " gold, geins, necklaces, scarfs, bracelets, and in- finite riches ; and when he was forced to part from it, he caused the figure of it to be stamped on a medal of gold, which he continually wore about him." " Wherever they built their sumptuous and mag- nificent colleges for the exercise of youth in " gymnastics ; and where the grave philosophers " also met to converse together and improve their " studies, they planted walks of Platans, to refresh " and shade the Peeles'ri'a;." And Hunter adds in a note, " The Oriental Plane tree was greatly res- •• pected by the ancients, for its lOoling shade ; Jamquc miidstrantem FlitHiii.oi i otanlil'Us umhiani.'* ),rgn. " In the Academia, or School of Plato, the philos- '■ ophers used to w.ilk and converse under the shaue "formed by these deligiitfu! trees." " These trees the Romans first brought out of " the Levant, and cultivated vvith so much industry " and cost, for their st.ifely and proud heads only, " that the first great orators :;nii statesmen, Cicero ■' and Horteneius, would exchange, now and then " a turn at the bar, that they might have the pleas- « ure to step lo their villas and refresh their Pla "tans, whi.'h they would often irrigate with wine " instead of water." Pliny thus alludes to these generous libations — " tantupiqiie postoa honoris incrcvit. ut mcro infu * The Haae tree administering shade to wine drinkers. so euutriantur : . ompertum id maxime prodesse radicibus-i docuimusque etiam arbores vina po- tare."* ? Accordingto this illustrious Roman naturalist, the I'lane tree was first brought over the Ionian sea into the island of Diomedes, for a monument to that hero : thence it passed into Sicily and soon after into Italy. He describes one which grew by the side of a groat road, near a cool fountain, in Lycia, which was so largo that its top resembled a smalt forestj.mid the trunk being hollow, formed a rotto, eight/-( ne feet in circumference, in which Licinius Mutianus, the Roman governor of that province, pfissed the night, with eighteen persons of his suit. He describes another wliich grew in Veletri, of such vast ei^c, and its main branches were so dis- posed as to form a kind of banqueting room, where the emperor Caligula gave an entertainment which he called the feast of the nest, to fifteen persons, and although he occupied a large portion of this shaded retreat, there was ample room lor his guests and their attendants. Evelyn gives to Lord Bacon the credit of intro- ducing the •I'Plane tree into England, lie having first plante(}'thcm at Verulam. Toclor Hunter in the notes to his last edition of Evelyn's Sylva observes that "at Ribston, the seat " of Sir Henry Goodrich; there is now growing a "beautiful Platanus, the principal limb of whicli " extends forty-four feet from tlie boll, and what " is more iifmarkable, this tree grows close to the "or!gir:;!4^!p tree, known by the name of the " Ribstoii pippin, from whose staik have epruug a " numerous progeny " Ho describes another at Shadwell-I-odge in the county of Norfolk, the seat of .Tolin Buxton, Esq. remarkable for its rapid growth. When planted in April 1744 it was eight feet high ; and when measured in April 1775 it was i>'> feet 9 inches high, and 7 feet 9 inches in circnmference half a foot from the ground. Michaux in his North American Sylva, observes" that "the species which grows in the western • world is not less remarkable for its amplitude •':'nd for its magnificent appearance than the Plane " of Asia, whose majestic form and extraordinary " size were so much celebrated by the ancients," and that it " is generally thought, in Europe, to " possess a richer fi.*liage and to afford a darker " shade than the Asiatic Plane." He desciibes one measured by his father, on an island in the Ohio, fifteen miles above the Mus- kingum, which was 40 feet and 4 inches in cir- cinnference, five feet from the ground. In 1802 he measured another on the Ohio 36 miles from Marietta, wliich was 47 feet in circumference, four feet from the ground ; and observes that a canoe was made, a few years before he visited the western states, for navigating the Wabash, from a single Button Wood, which was 65 feet long, and carried 9,1 lOO pounds. The iudifierence of the citizens of the United States, to the cultivation of forest trees, is lament- * And so great was their veneration for it that they nourished it with wine and water, that being found to benefit its roots. Thus we have taught even trees to drink wine. 194 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. J2, isaj! able and inexcusable, but from present appearan- | PROFITABLE FARMING. ces I trust the perio 1 ig not distant when a better | Ma Fessenden. — Mr Richard HilJreth of Ster- spr it will be evinced. { ing ha\w some business with nic, in the course 1 am fearful, my enthusiasm on this most inter- of the cHrersation described to me the manner estini' and pleat^ing subject, has induced nie to in wliich he manages his farms. His system is so extend this letter beyond all reasonable bounds, simple, so successful, and so easy to be imitated, but with a hope that you participate in the snme \ that the communication of it to the public will prob- ardent feelincr.«, I tender friendly salutations ; | ably be beneficial as well as interesting. and am with great respect. Your most obedient servant, H. A. S. DEARBORN. D. A. Tt.ng, Esq. Kis farm consists of si.xty-five acres in the east- erly part of Sterling on the old road from Lancas- ter. Tlie soil is good. From two and a half to three acres are annually planted with corn and potatoes. lie raises about one hundred bushels MACHINE EOR RAISING STUMPS. of corn at the rate of sixty bushels the acre. Of Dear Sir — I have from time to time noticed j gg^^gg jj^g q^i'^P^jjy gf potj^^o^g ),e raises must be inquiries in reference to machines for the purpose Igtnai]. Hg also raises a small quantity of Spring of rooting or pulling up stumps, &c. in llie New j ^yjigat England Farmer. I have seen several answers,] He keeps eleven cows, and one yoke of oson, and also descriptions of several machines for that ' besides swine,but no horse. He has no hired men, purpose. If my researches in the Farmer are ac- j except in hay time. He paid the last season about curate, I cannot recollect of having seen_ a des- (^j^ty j^Ua^s for ^elp. His mowing ground is cription of one, invented by a Mr A. H. VV hitney ^jjout fourteen acres. of Bowdoinham, state of Maine. I am not me- j His butter is sold to marketers at his door. His chanic enough to give you a description of the i ^^^^^^ ^re sold alive at his door. His whole time machine ; I will barely state, judging from the ' j^ therefore employed in cultivation. His skim- inodbl he showed me, that it is a most powerful , ^gj j,,;]). j^ gi,,.g„ ^^ j^jg g^.i,jg_ and convenient macliine for the purpose for which ; rpj^^ produce sold from this farm the past season it is intended, and utjt easily got out of order. My ^^^ ^een as follows : object in addressing you on the subject is merely j Butter to inform you of tlie invention, if you have not al- ready had a description of, or some notice of it. I have no hesitation in stating that his machine e.xceeds any of which I have seen a description. — The cost of this machine is about $80, by keeping it under cover wlien not in use, it might last 10 or | ^g ^.^,„gg j^jg f^^m at .Sa-WO, his stock at $500 20 years. Being jilaced on wheels, it csn easily ; j^ t,,g ^,,ole )|!.3000. The interest of capital there- be moved by two yokes ol o.xon, and the same o.xen ^^^^ jg _ _ _ _ «!180 00 Hay Pork about Calves about Amount $300.00 100.00 150.00 70.00 $620.00 Wages paid in hay time Taxes, say .30.00 19.00 are all the applicable power needed to enable the macliine and its apparatus to pull up the largest stump. One word more, the above mentioned machine i ftooy (jO is in, or has been in, use last summer, in Steuben ; p^om $020 deduct 229 leaves $391-I^or S32,.')8 County, in New York state, where Mr W. built ^ents per month for his labor. He has a small most other varieties. We sometimes hear kind designated by the appellation of La potatoes. I wish to ascertain wliere this va originated. Did it originate from the seed in vicinity, or was it brought here, as its name s tc indicate, from La Plata ? If it should be ai tEined that they were brought from tlial pi should we not attribute their former prolific qi ty more to that circumstance than to any pe( arity in the kind ? I know it is the opinion of many, that the; litte or no advantage to be derived from exeha of seed ; not only as it respects grain, but p toe!. But I am not yet convinced of this. It thiik sometimes disadvantageous. I am sali; fron repeated experiments that seed poln hrtugiit from a more northerly climate yield thin those that grow here. In several instan an( in every instance that has come within obiervation, where potatoes brou^'ht from ^ Sotia, have been phmled in this vicinity, the y j hii; been small. I have known very handsi jpotitoes brought here from Ireland, and pi 'on good soil and cultivated with care, whenj har/esting the product was every way the mei est I oversaw. Now if bringing potatoes fi the north tends to diminish the yield, is it nol leaft possible that bringing them from the coni ry direction may have a contrary effect.' Another subject, respecting ,vhich I wish to quiie, is a certain composition, composed of lii salt, sugar, &e. which I have been told, has soi tiaies been used as a substitute for paint, hjuses. Any information, stating the proper proper' o'the several ingredients, the manner of pre] ing and applying the same, and its durability c pared with common paint, from yourself or an your correspondents, will much oblige your h ble servant. Wrenlham, Mass. Jan. 2, 1827. one, and which answered the purpose completely You can form some idea of its power from the cir wood-lot at some distance, so that he pays no mo- ney for wood. The produce of the farm used in cumstance of its breaking chains made of iron bars ^is family has not been considered in this account. an inch square. Mr Whitney appears to be a wor- ^ jjere is exhibited a picture of independence and thy, industrious man, well deserving of every en- jon,estic felicity, beautiful for its simplicity and couragement. Mr W. informed me he n^d spent ^yg^thv of imitation considerable money and much time on his inven- , By not keeping a'horse he saves probably not tion before he brought it to its present perfection. ! jg^g t^an one hundred dollars a year. By haviniiii paper. Iiis Imppy conversion to a truth that will increase I hi.i wijalUi. I. Se sure tliat the roots of tlic tree be not bc- !ovv the soil. If the soil is shallow, bring it from ^rJ has stood, a young one will not thrive." anollier place, anil tliiow it round the tree, in suf- ' ' I f'tient circumference for the roots to grow in. It. Prune the superfluous limbs and branches ORCH.VRDS. become proverbial, that ' where imd old ; been so frcfi>ientiy reiterated, that maiw good agriculturalists have subscribed to tile n, without takia? the trouble to o.-camine ii- and keep the bank "smooth and clean from moss. and have acconlinijly neglected « very iiji lit source of protit and convenience. J a fact much to be regretted, that the culti- u of tVuit trees in this country was much attended to half a century since, than at trie nt time — consequently with our increased ation, fruit htis become scarce and a belief t positively e.vists. that fruit trees will ijot 3 on old land. This question needs seriqus deration, that our yeouianry may no longer hvpothesis for fact, when but one experi- would dispel the illusion. III. Suller no grass to grow within ten feet of the tree, and twice in the year, spring and fall, loosen the earth in circumference, and mix into it a full wheelbarrow load of rich manure. The author is happy to state that a few years cation of the sea-wuu»r, beUer than the young plants do. " Sea water might be carried from the sea some distance on the laud, to advantage, in the following m;innor :— Take a one horse cart, and suspend a tight box, rightly shaped, under the axletree ; the box having a valve in the underside; drive the cart into the water, and the valve opens, and lots that fliiiil into the box ; and, when the carl is driv- en out, the valve closes and holds the water. " When the cart is driven out to the ground on which the water is to be spread, this operation may be perlbrmed in the manner we shall next des- experiment upon this plan on the ground of an cribe : A tube is to be provided, say, twelve feet old orchard, has convinced hiju that the principle in length, with small holes bored into it at the dis opposed to this rule is without foundation. SEA WATER AS A MANURE. Sea water besides water and particles of com- mon, salt, contains, according to Dr Russell's ac- ;, however, admit the fact, that trees planfed I count, sulphur, nitre and oil. w laud thrive uncommonly well, and maly -Vs it undoubtedly contains much of the essence of animal and vegetable substances, by means of the perishing and consuming of both in it, it is filter than mere salt to be used as a manure, wheth- er by itself, or in compost. In the year 1786, one hundred hills of potatoes near the shore were watered with sea water, a- bout two quarts on a hill, being one hour's work of a man. The crop was half as much again as in the same number of hills adjoining. The water was applied to the soil just aUnr planting the sets, which I suppose to be the best time for domg it, as there can be no danger of burning the young shoots, and as the salt will be mixed with rain and the moisture of the earth, before shoots are pro- duced. In the year 1787, alternate rows were watered in the same manner with sea water. The result of this experiment was uncertain; because by plough- ing oil' and on alternately bet'vef:n the rows, the earth of the watered and uiiwatered rows was blended together. But altogether, a good crop was obtained. The same year a piece of flax was, in the month of June, very short and yellow on one side of the 3m grow to a great size, while those planted nd that has been much cultivated and wcrn been tardy in their growth, and as yet tre warfs in comparison with the former. Now ill endeavor to explain the reason of this >d- on which we trust will at the same tiine ,• some light on the art of cultivating f|uit Trees, planted fifty or one hundred ye^rs , were generally set on new land highly en- d by the decayed vegetable productions, *i had been accumulating, perhaps from time emorial. The richness of the soil would, out doubt, enable the trees to grow rapidly, •ery abundantly explains the reason of thbir trous growth. An orchard set on the ruins of an old oje, lot this vegetable manure to lend the i\S its predecessor had; consequently, it is slow ; growth, small and unproductive when grown, ines mossy, dwindles and dies or is neglected iworthy the husbani'man's attention ; and the pillar destroys what the axe has spared climate and soil are every way calculated for I tance ot six inches apart, and the ends of the tube closed; attach this to the under side of the box, crosswise, at either end, so as to be out of the way of the wheels of the cart. " When you come to where the water is to be let out of the box into the tube', by an aperture for tlie purpose ; and as the cart moves along, the water runs out of each of the small holes in the tube, and thus sprinkles over a piece of ground of twelve feet wide, till the whole is exhausted. " With the next load ; begin where the water ceased running before, and thus continue the wa- tered stripe across the field. Then take another stripe of twelve feet wide, adjoining that already watered, and thus proceed till the whole has been gone over. " In this way a man would carry out, say, forty cart loads a day, at the distance of half a mile, or half that number if a mile ; as but little time need be spent either in loading or Muloading. About ten loads of a hundred gallons each v.-onld proba- bly be sufficient for an acre at any one time." [Farmer's Assistant.! FUEL. iUuch complaint is made at the present day of the great expense of fuel. It is a great and a hea- vy burden. But I doubt whether it is greater than it was sixty or seventy years ago. I have lately come across a bill of fire-wood, purchased and consumed by a respectable family in Hartford, in the year 1757 and '58. The account gives the date. iroiiuction of fruit in its perfection and abun ! piece : hut of a good colour on the other, and e, when only assisted by the fostering hand | much taller : This induced the owner to water the | the price of each load, (excepting a few) and the id it is unreaso'jable to antivina^e a ! poor side from the sea. In ten days it was equal | name of the persons from whom purchased. The est without previous cultivation. — In the ear- 1 in length and colour with that on the other side, lys of our country the earth needed only the ] through very little rain fell in the time. At pull- to be sown to produce a rich harvest, for its j ing, the watered side was evit'ently better grown m was enriched and softened by natural ma- than the other. This was a sutlicient demonstra- Tbe case is now different — it has been • tion of the advantage of sea Vv-ater, when the land by grand father, father and son, twice rice repeated until its face is sadly wasted. — D is there among us, that would suppose a would grow when unassisted by art, on land impoverished .' The farmer who thinks of ng a good crop of corn knows w-ell the uc- ity of softening, manuring, and frequency ing the earth — on this depends his success. — pose he should say, with regard to his corn, e does in fact of his trees; my great grand er planted without hoeing or manuring, and sure of the increase, and I will do likewise — Id he not be styled a mndman or a fool ? Let husbandman bestow the same care on an or- rd, that he does on a field of corn, and he will ilest with the same abundant harvest. 'o him who doubts the possibility of makintr a d orchard on old land these few simple rules enjoined, and we doubt not, upon experiment. lies adjoining to the sea shore ; so that the la- bour of applying it is inconsiderable. The above experiments were made in a clayey soil. In a sandy soil, the same year, watering the ground where French turnips were just sown, had an excellent effect. Thougn it was a spot where the turnips had been destroyed by insects, several years successively, they generally escap- ed this year. Not more than one pailful was ap- plied to a drill row two rods in length, wetting the ground over the seeds, soon after sowing. Salt water applied to tenrtel- plants most com- monly proves too strong for them, if applied when the ground is dry. But if it be wet, the strength of the water is abated by mixing with the juices in the soil, before it is taken up by the roots, and thus it is rendered innocent and safe, as I have found by experience. The seeds bear the appli- most of it was purchased in Nov. and the three winter months, but some for each month through the year. The number of loads in 1757 was 43. Five have no price annexed. Putting these on an average with the others, the amount is $46 21, or 6s. 5^d. per load. For 1768 there are 45 loads, 40 of them with the price annexed, at 6s- C^d. per load, the whole amounting to $48 94. I)o the families in this town pay much more than this for fuel now ? These sums would have purchased from 16 to 2(t cords of two feet wood at the high prices during the last year. And let it be added that, at the time referred to, the price of labour of of all kinds and most articles of provisions was not more than one half of the present value. A. B. Hartford Courant. CARROTS. There is reason to believe that carrots will ans- wer on fen or mossy land, if a sufficient quantity of ashes be spread on the ground where they are sown ; and it is probable that lime and other ma- nures may raise that valuable crop on peaty soils. Farmer's Magazine, (Scotland.) 19t> NEW ENGLAND FAilMER. Jan. V2. 1897 I Mr Benjamin Hale's account of the savings made summer, close to the ground, or old wood, only b, and straw as Fodder for horses. place oi' casual, worn-out bearers. Never pernut iif and straw as fodder fr Mr Hale is proprietor of a line of stages running between Newburyporl and Boston. He says, The whole amount of hay purchas- ed from April 1, to October 1, AGRICULTURE IN FRANCE. But to return from this digression : — thecou , . hetweeu Nismes and Montpelier is one of the the extremities of the branches to stand nearer | g„, pop,ioj,j ^f Lj^^g^g^gg^ '|.|jg ^^j^j ^^^^ ^|,jq, than 0 or 8 inches of each other. The best form for a well trained gooseberry or currant bush, is that of a wine glass. Gooseberry li'ine is made in the same manner as 1816, (six months) and used at Tons. nc/. f/./t. I ^^jj.^.gj^j ^,;j,g^g^pgpjjh3t one third less sugar is the stage stable, At twenty-live dollars per ton (the lowest price at which hay was purchased, in 1816) From October 1, 1816, to April 1, 1817, whole amount of hay and straw purchased for, and consum- ed by the same number of horses, viz. T. cwt. q. lb. Cost. Straw 16 13 3 10 $160 23 Hay - 13 14 1 00 ifSSO 00 4 0 10 $800 00 a wiJe,levcl tract. boaiided on the right by a ch of hills, and on the left by tho sea,the latter bei visible at intervals for the whole distance. Vi| ges, hamlets, and farm houses, are sprinkled the plain, indicating a populous district. The required. In picking the berries take none that | j^ ^ reddish loam, s'oraetimes stony, but peculia have fallen upon the ground, or that have been shaded and grown sour. Extracts from Carter's Letters from Europe. $310 23 Deduct, on hand April 1, I8I7, by estimation, four tons more than there was Oct. 1, 1816, at $25 per ton 100 Saving by the use of Hotchkiss's straw cutter, four months of the last six months, or the ditlerence in expense in feeding witli cut- fodder and that which is uncut Whole amount of hay used for the horses of the Salem stage, twen- tyfive in number, from April 1, to October 1, 1816, viz. At $.30 per ton (the lowest price in Salem) - . . . Wi,V''le amount consumed by tho same number of horses, from Ocf . 1, 1816, to April 1,1817. T. cut. q. lb. Cost. Straw 15 13 0 0 $187 80 Hay 2 15 0 0 81 09 $ilO 23 $389 77 adipted to the cultivation of the vine and oil wlich are the principal products. To these a be added wheat, which is grown in great ab da]ce and of ai: excellent quality. The oliui phnted in rows at about llie same i-istances as pie trees in an American orchar.:, and the groi is irepared in much the same way. A gener EOTAMC GARDEN. A walk to the Botanic Garden, [in Toulon] sit uated without the walls and near the base of the ^,,1 nj'eiHo,,^ goji ,,, mquji-pd^ The vine is rea hills which rise to the nortli of the town,was among ' j^ ^ng and perfectly straight ri.lges, ten o: our last and most pleasant excursions. The loca- fe^t apart, and the intcrnieuiate S{.ace i tion is admirable, the grounds lying upon a decliv- ^vi h gr;.in, which w as' i Irendy in a st.ite ity which looks to the south.and always enj.iys the war.lness, covering the fields vith a lieep, liv genial influence of the sun. In the re.ir, tiie en- grten. 'n some plices for milex, the country T, cwt '22 0 q lb. 0 0 $660 00 ove another, all filled with plants, and ad. ling much to the picturesque beauty of tho garden — A.nong the embellishments of thi.^ ch-irming re- treat IS a fo'/fitaiu bursting from a p_»r(\niid of rock overgrown v.'ith a:ra.ss and moss, presenting a beautiful image' of nature. Seats have been erected, where visitors may repose in the shade, and enjoy the coolness and the murmur of this lit- tle water-fall. The plants of the g.irden all bear labels, desig- nating their generic and specific names. A ve- teran attendhnt who seemed well acquainted with I all the members of the numerous family commit- j ted to his care, conducted us through the alleys land the green houses, plucking one flower after another, till each of our party had a fine bouquet closure becomes so sleep as to ri-:e in terraces one | seuhled a continued garden, where the almi „!,„„„ o„„.i,„. ;n fiil„,i v„itl, r.l,nt... nnd .id.linop Jriirgled its white blos.wms with the Verdure of * olive, and the landscape was warmed into life beauty by the first influences of a vernal sun. OIL OF VITRIOL. || The manufacture of sulplmric acid, commotSp called oil of vitriol, is carried un e.^tensively '\ the city of New York. Tliere is one hall u.'jci! ft this purpose that is 150 feet long,40 feet uilc an ■.'5 'eet high, lined throughout, and made air tt^\ wim lead. "In manufacturing the acid," .-^i;. tli $268 80 Saving in using chopped fodder five months 3'Jl 20 Total saving in using the straw cutter nine months, viz. at Ncw- buryport four months At Salem five months Total N.Y. Adv. "tho floor is covered to a certan ■Pt uitii water ; the brimstone and nitre are truiiule in ipoii carriages and set fire to, when the doai are closed, and the »apor being condensed by tl water, is drawn offin the ariil state. In this rc# Here tho palm tree spread its branclves, thoug^h [^WC pounds of acid will he manufactured in a 380 77 I 391 201 ,■^780 97 The member of the Board of Trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, to whom the above account was communicateil by Mr Hale, was informed by that gentleman, that he used no jQore grain from October, 1816, to April 1817, than was used from April 1816 to October 1816. [Mass. Agricultural Rep. & Jour. pag. 400 vol. iv.] its fruit h.id been nipped by tho unu.sually severe frost of the last winter. Here also the black pep per was seen clinging to the sunny wall, sl/elter- ed from the winds, and finding a tropical ijiimate. Among the other most curious plants were iall the varieties of coffee in full bearing. That from Mo cha is a beautiful shrub, si.-i or eight feet in height, finely proj oriioned and of peculinr foliage. An orange tree was observed which had been engraf- ted with tJ\c Itmon, and which was then bearing six different kinds of fruit. One of the pro uc- tious was a twin monster, half orange ami half citron, growinff on the same stem. A profusion of Japan roses spread their gorgeous petals to the sun, and many a bud v^-as just starting into life. The walks of the Garden ire open to the public, and connected with the spacious boulevards which encircle the walls of the town, form one of the moat delightful proraenadiis imaginable, affording a wide prospect of the mountains on one side, and of the sea on the other. A refuge from the noise and bustle of crowded streets, and from the heat of fervid skies, is here provided at a trifling ex- pense. In these sequestered retreats, the natural .GOOSEBERRIES. Gooseberries require a dead and rich loam : tlie ground must b* well manured and kept free from weeds ; and be careful to plant none but those that are of a good kind. The best mode of propa- gating them, is by cuttings or layers. Early in the spring, epade carefully around the roots, turn ' '^t ""^y iudul;;e in his favourite pursuits, and the over the soil, and pull out all orass that may "row "i^i of business recreate his mind, after the cares near them. Prune them by cutting out every ' ^""^ labors of the day. All classes of the commu- worn-out, decayed, or irregular branch let none "•'^y ^'^ interested in institutions of this descrip- be permitted to grow across each other ; but let 'i""' which are to be found in almost everv village all be pruned to some regular order cut out all '" France, and which I hope may ere Ion.', be as the super-abundant, lateral shoots of the last i^^^'^isively introduced into the United States The quality is superior to liie European. [ilamp. Gr.z.] POST OFFICE. Net amount of postage which accrued in cai state and territory, for the year which ended 31 March 1826. New York $212,916.07 i New Jersey, 15..'-1.0 Pennsyh Mass. Virginia, Maryland, S. Carolina, Georgia, 118,066.58 \ Rnode Isl. ]'i,i;(;j.9 9v!,428.93 > Vermont, 12,305.3 67,294.81 ; N. Ham p. 11,828.7 56,046.13 i Dist. Columb. 11,518.4 44,763.65 i Mississippi, 9.574.9 .39,428.25 ; Missouri, Connecticut, 27,640.81 ? Indiana, Ohio, 27,479.92 i Delaware, Louisiana, 27,477.36 | Illinois, N. Carolina, 24,.i0.5.08 < Michigan, Kentucky, 2.3,1 1 1.64 S Florida, Maine 22,916.07 J Arkansas, Alabama, 18,092,58 5 Tennessee, 16,112.07? Total $912,893.0: 5,288.6 ^1 4,996.2 4,(;9().9 2,U>.il and heavy, the seed should be cast upon the ace, and then harrowed and rolled, as is the tice in other districts. — Alden's Treatise on ixrt of Bread-Making. One cow well fed will produce as much milk as t.vo indiflbrently treated, and more butter ; and if the cow be wintered badly, she will rarely recov- er during the s"cceeding summer, so as to-become profitable to the feeder. — Cows should by all means, be housed in extreme weather, and partic- ularly those which give milk, or a failure in tlie quantity of milk will be experienced. Wherefore instead of keeping twenty cows poorly fed and but h-ilf of them-stabled, sell ten, and give the remain- ing ten feed to the amount equal to what the twenty originally had ; procure constant stabling for them, and you will receive quite as much milk an 1 butler in return, as was derived from the former mode of treating twenty. Sweet potatoes, cnrrots, pumpkins, and ground oats, are unques- tmnably amone the best articles of food for ndlch caUle ; they occasion the milk to assume a fine flav^^ and colour, as well as an increase of quan- tity. Exporiments have been sucesafuUy made In Eng- land for obtaining gas from peat, which is said to be more brilliant and less offensive in smell, than divided in to its distinct and separate branches. p„„„..„„„ . j. ... . . ,, , ... ^ , ■ ., ., ,, . L- 1 » rougbkeepsie ; from which specimens of ! blacksmith to his anvil, the cobler to his last , ,, „„ „i » ■ . j i ... , ' . . . ' I Cloth, equal to any imported, tave recent carpenter to his adre, and so on oi the other _-.,;,.„„ i HUSBANDRY. seems not generally apprehended or if appro- ded, not acted upon, that husbandry or farming, I that obtained from coal. the mechanic arts, in order to be most prorita- AT„v.„r i a m -nr ^ ■!_ t^ ,- , , ,, I ■ •. u 1 I 1 I'll il Mnufaetures — A Mr Wadsworth, an Enghsli to those engaged in it, should be divided ami . .. '^ „ . i.i- , , i- . ° ^ ' woollen manufacturer, has established a factory at broad ently been produced J^ovel Importation — A late arrival at Baltimore from Bremen, brings hay ana potatoes ! This in- deed is like " carrying coal to Newcastle." From an acquaintance with the country in that region, Mr Geddes suggests thnt it is within the compass of po.ssibility that the Welland Canal may turn the course of Niagara river. ■pente nchps of mechanical labors ; no one tiiinks of tying on all these at one and the same time the farmer appears not to appreciate the ad- tages of confining his labors to any one branch lusbandry, the converting of effort and atten- 1 to one point ; and yet this is, in fact, as im- tant in husbandry as in mechanism. And itis iDg to this mistaken policy, no doubt, in a great asure, that the art of husbandry has advanced slowly, and the profit so small in comparison to labor. A moment's reflection will show this natural result. By having the attention divid- among all the various branches, no one be- nes particularly skilled in either, and hence no inch becomes particularly profitable. By keep- a few rows for dairying, a few swine, a few ■cp, fattening a few beeves, raisingr a little lin. a little flax, &,c, the attention and resour- ? of a common farmer are so divided, that the ole yield but a discouraging result; whereas, We understand, says a Salem paper, that 1500 bales of American Cotton goods liave been ship- ped from Boston for Smyrna, within a short time past. This is a new and important market for American manufactures. M'atioval DeU. — In 1817, the national debt of the United States was $12.3.000,000 and the pres- ent year it will be only $74,000,000, being a " re- duction oifftij millions in 10 years" What stron- ger proof is wanted of the general prosperity of the country. Mm/ of the United Slifes — The following'' is a list of the vessels of war now building: — Alabama, Virginia, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and New- York, 7rs ; SantPC, Savannah, Sabine, Raritain, Cum- berland, Columbia and St. Lawrence, 44's ; Con- cord, F.-ilmouth, Fairfield, Vandalia, Natches, and St Louis, sloops of war, 18's They arc mostly in ;i finished state. Luxury. — In a country where all the inhabitants went barefooteil, could lu.\ury be imputed to the first man who made a pair of shoes for himself? Or, rather, wan he not a man of sense and indus- try ? Is it not jusl. the same with him who pro- duced the first .shin .' With respect to the man >■ ho had it washed and ironed, I consider him an absolute genins, abundant in resources, and quali- fied to govern a State. Those, however, who arc not used to wear clean shirts, consider him as ii rich, effeminate co.xconib, who was likely to cor- rupt tlie nation. [Philosophical Dictionary.] 2-Tl,881 barrels and 5,882 half barrels of Flour, arrived at Boston the last year ; being about 23,- 711 more than in 18J5. — We are good customers to the Southern States. Portsmouth Market — Pork 4 to 5 cents. Beel 3 to 4 dollars a hundred. Poultry ti to 7 cents. Butter 15 to 10 cents. Cheese, best, 7 to 8i cents —common d«. 4 to 5 cents. Corn 60 to 83"cents. Rye 85 to 90 cents. Hay 17 to 18 dolls. Oats 50 c ents. Portsmouth, Jan. 4. To keep potatoes any length of time, the most effectual way is to place them in thin layers on a platform suspended in an ice cellar. There the temperature being alway sthat of active vegetation they will not sprout.while not being many degrees below the freezing point tubers will not be frost bit. Another mode is to scoop out the eyes by a very small scoop,and keep the roots buried in earth. A third mode is to destroy the vital principle by kiln drying, steaming, or scalding. SIIORT-EARED OWL. The Memoirs of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, vol. iii. page 3411, cont^ns the following notice of a bird, which we believe is not held in high esteem in this portion of the Union. The article was written by the Hon. Richard Peters, formerly President of that Socie- ty. " The numbers of mice, moles, and other vermin, destroyed by the Strix braehyotos, or short. eared owl, are truly surprising. All the owl tribe are mousers. A pine tree, spreading and thick set, near my house, affords a shelter and roost to about a dozen of these owls, through the winters. Tlie quantities of fur, teeth, and mashed bones, of a variety of diminutive animals — such as mice, moles, small squirrels, and probably also young rats, contained in the ordure of these useful and keen hunters, (among which, not a feather is to be seen,) most plenteously dropped under the tree, show the industry, and astonishing powers of di- gestion, of tliese birds. A tew of them, (and they generally are gregarious,) ' will soon clear thft barns and outhouses of a farm ; and thin the ver- min of fields in the vicinity of their head quarters. Formers should encourage them to resort to roosts near their buildings ; and invite their vi-i's in every way. I believe this species of the owl, guilt^ less of depredations on poultry. 198 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 13. lSv>7. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JAN. 12, 1827. "I had observed, durin*il'^' Blackburn than in any oilier part of England.'' CO.NGRKSSIONAL. NATK. — A letter from the Vice President to Secretary was read, in which, after alluding ine charges against hira of a most serious e.Io'lged in one of tiie executive departments, 111 a|)peal to the House of Representatives icir investigation he remarks " ticat a sense ■opriety forbids hi-? resuming .his station till ioiise had disposed of the subject." The te chose the the Hon. Nathaniel Macon bf Presidei:t pro. ton. The Bankrupt Bill was ^ sed, amendments proposed, and ordered ^o| inted vvith tiie amendments inserted. A liill ' (/ granting certain lands for the endowinknt | miuaries in Missoun. USE. — A number of petitions were presented, g which was one from LTri;ih Brown. of Conn, ng for investigation of his claim to remuncra- or a discovery of a plan for the annoyance and uction of an enemy's forces both by sea and A resolution was offered by Mr Reed that ecretary of War be directed to communicate • House an eslimite of the expense of a Ca- ;tween Barnstable and Buzzard's bay. A n was made and carried for referring the 1 of Mr Calhoun (mentioned under the pro- Ingsofthe Senate) to a Select Committee, sower to send for persons and papers. Mr rter from the Committee on the Judiciary, re- li a bill to establish an uniform system of.; ruptcy, whicli was read twice and committed ivingston offered a resolution, which was a- ti, for making an appropriation of $50,000 ffnishing provisions for the suffering inhabi- of Greece. A bill for the importation of ly in casks, not less than fifteen gallons, for tation only, passed after long debate. Yeas 'fays G7. This bill was afterwards referred Committee of Finances. A bill to provide e surviving Officers of the revolution was sd in Committee of the whole. Officers of the RevnhUioti. — Mr Surges, in his speech in support oftliebill for the relief of the surviving officers of the revolution, states tliat the several emissions of paper money by the contin- cnt.ll congress, from June 22 1775, to Nov. 20, 1779, amounted to .^1200,000,000. Panthers — Nino panthers were lately discov- ered near Monticello, N. Y. and two of them were killed by the hunters. One measured nine feet from the nose to tlie tip of the tail. 75,(J00 lbs. inspected or stapled Wool, comprising 12 sorts, which is recommended to (he manufac- turers.—and orders for the same will be exe- cuted on fair terms. also 15,OnO do. I'.astern and New York washed Lambs do. 25 bales Peruvian 18 do. Adrianople i 9 do. Spanish \ WOOL. 1 do. Saxony \ 22 do. coarse spinning ^ Particular attention given to the sellin" of AMERI- CAN I'LEECE and FOREIG.\ WOOLS, on con- siguinent, and advauces made thereon when required. Jan. 5. I TO FillMERS— To let, a farm containing 35 acres r ... /. • .. ,. ,, ~ „„ !of land, a large and comfortable bouse, barn, &c. The. Imporlntion of spirits— Mt Ntevenson, of Penn. land is of -nod quality, and of easy cultivation. There stated in congress, that the quantity of foreign are on the place a variety of choice young fruit trees, spirits imported in the year ending Sept. 30, 182(5, I which are just hfghining to bear ; also 10 acres of peat was 17,534,428 gallons, at a cost of .ibout four and ""■•■»<'°W' oa ^'''ch could be cut enough fuel for (he a half millions of dollars. Of this quantity only il'!'^''^ f."*^ i^,^." '-^T''^' "'^r"'"/ S?,'^''='"° '^ f *"" KaA (\c\n 11 ,1 v ated m Cambridge, about 4 miles from Boston market. 564,000 gallons were re-e.Nported. j The terras will be on a lease fr.m six to ten years, the Snoio.— The snow on Long Island is 2 feet 8 I H^^ ^"""^''^ ^"'^^ '° ^"^ '^'^P^nded for manure, and a part inches deep on a level, in the vicinity of Albany ^f'"""*"'^ «° '"' '^"* out in the same manner everv 2(j inches, in Castleton, Vermont 3 feet, in Keene, N. H. 18 inches. The Delaware, Patapsco, Poto- mac, Rappah.anock, &c. are bridged with ice, and the harbors of Philadelphia and Baltimore are closed. jf from London. — By an arrival in New London papers have been received to Nov. )n that day the British Parliament was open- a short speech from the king in person, in he stated that " the depression under which "ade and manufactures of the country have labouring, has abated more slowly than I had ht my.sclf warranted in anticipating. But I a firm expectation that this abatement will jgressive," &c. ondon article of Nov. 21, says "The ac- 3 of the situation of the Cotton Weavers and factures in Blackburn and its vicinity, con- to be in the highest degree distressing. — : are in the district around Blackburn about I poor people who depend on that descrip- f labour, of which number 20,000 are out of As the compassion of the master manufac- for the starving poor induces them to con- working as much as possible, it is supposed ven at the present rate, far more goods are actiired than can be consumed, so that the :r of people out of work is likely to increase Important Hint. — For the cure of a vitiated pal- ate, we cannot suggest a better remedy than tem- perance and occasional abstinence. Dr Ji'illich. Fruit and Forest Trees. N. DAVENPORT h.is for sale at his Nurserya large variety of Kruil Trees ; also 300 Rock Maples, in a young and thrifty state. This timel.v notice is given, 'fiat persons in want of trees of any description, which Mr Davenport may not have, can send their orders in se\sin to have the trees brought from Long Island. A list of- Mr Llavenport's trees will be found in the New Englaad Farmer, vol. iv. page 312. — Orders for trees may be left with John B. Russell, Publisher of the New En»land Farmer, Congress street. Trees will be deliverrc in Boston, and payment for the same may be made to Mr Russell. Jan. 12 year. — The above offers a desirable opportunity to an intelligent, 'liornugh and enterprising farmer. No one but who can bring recommendations as being such need apply. THOMAS BREWf.R, 416 Washington str't. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Approved Agricultural IVorks. R. P. & C, WILLIAMS, 79 Washington s(rec(, have for sale, A very valuable collection of books on this, subject, and directly connected with it, suitable for ' |',9r^i '^'' '' '"^1"^'^'''"' APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, Isl sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " So 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, .... skicimed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Hovpard St Genesee, - - . Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - - . Barley - . . - Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARU, 1st sort, new, - ricultural libraries — among which will be found. Farmer's Assistant, Farmer'sMapual Culley ok Choosing Live Stock Art of Priserving various substances Davy's Agricultural Chemistry Conversations on Chemistry Good's Bbok of Nature Thacher'i Orchardist f'oxe on fruit Trees Farmer's Guide Cattle Doctor & Cattle Medicine Smith's Grammar of Botany Emporiurj of Arts & Sciences ^ Various Works on Sheep Statistical Account of Scotland Sinclair's Account of the Husbandry in Scotland Sinclair's General Report of Scotland. Plates Loudon's En. yclopedia of Gardening Loudon's Encyclopedia of Agriculture. Also a levy great variety of such books as are want- id, and put into Social and Circulating Libraries, on band, and supplied on most libera' terms. LLME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retailsat PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover _ - _ _ WOOL, Merino, full blood,wa5h do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROyiSJOJf MARKET. Bl'El', best pieces - - - . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whde hogs, - - - VEAL, - iyjjiT"pC.' POULTRY, lb. cask al. ton. bbl. 1 8.'> 00 105 00 1 50 9 2 7 2, 5 50 14 7 3 10 90 5 87 6 00 3 25 87 68 1 00 53, D. 1 7.". 87 00 110 00 1 75 9 50 7 50 G 00 17 9 6 11 1 00 6 00 6 25 3 50 93 70 R. P. fc C. W. have heard many complaints of the ' BUTTER be" & tub, ■niserable quality of paper and type of the common I fstaments, and have just got out some vi-ry neat, and ivhirh they will se'l at a moderate price in sheets to '.h- trade on liberal terms. They invite thn attention i o( the public. Jan. 12 lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, do. - POTATOES. CIDER, liquor, (new) 90 80 2 62 13 00 75 2 50 12 00 10 50 11 00 111 75; n 00 2 50! 3 00 10 £0 20 1 00 00 !:2 1 73 200 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 1-2, 1^27. ]M[zsci:i.iiAxnz:s. FOE THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. NATIONAi, FAILINGS. General remarks, and even satires on national failings act as foils, which enhance whatever merit e.xists in individuals, and turn the mere absence of the defects, which are expected as a matter of course, into personal e.xcellencies. They operate, besides, as salutary warnings. No Englishman ot good sense, ever feared that he might appear in an unfavourable light abroad in consequence of the descriptions of John Bull's character, given by his ov/n countrymen,and the figure which Englishmen make in French farces. Dean Swift,LordJWelling- ton or any other Irishman of any merit or shrewd- ness would never be offended at a real or imagi- nery bull, imputed to paddy ; and a New England man must be a simpleton, who feels hurt by any good humoured exposition of yankee foibles. This is preserved in the collection of Mr Gideon Murtell of Lewes. "If," says tlie Professor, "the total length and height of animals, were in proportion to their lin- ear extremities, the beast in question would have equalled in height our largest elephants, and in length fallen but little sliort of the largest whales; but as the longitudinal growth of animals is not in so high a ratio, alter making some deduction, we may calculate the lengtli of this reptile from Cuckfield at from sixli/ to seventy feet" " We ought not to omit, when speaking of the fossil reptiles foand in Sussex, the Iguanodon, which like three former genera, has been first dis- covered in tliis country. Mr Mantell, upon com- paring the teeth with a recent Iguana in the Col- lege of Surgeons, satisfactorily ascertained its af- finity to that animal; tlie teeth are remarkable for their serrated edges and the ridges on the vertical surface. This reptile is supposed to have been sixty feet in length, to have been herbivorous, and probably to have inhabited fresh water ; for the assemblage organic remains in the strata that in SPANISH NATIONAL CHARACTER. A Spanish writer observes that " Tardiness, i close it, alford "almost unequivocal proofs of having whether by distrust or circumspection is the radi- jbeen deposited in the estuary of a great river. — cal defect of our national character ; never to rfo The largest living speicies of crocodile are said to day what may be put off till to-morrow, is a prov- 1 sometimes to attain thirty feet in length, but theyi erb too frequently used,and the spirit of wliich too ' rarely exceed twenty. Huge reptiles now inhab-! frequently pervades the heart and soul of every \\i exclusively warmer latitudes ; they are most' Spaniard. This apathy, this fatal reiklessness, \ abundant between the tropics ; but in the hemis- which has at all times impeded the success of our|phere, both in North America and in Africa, the. most brilliant undertakings,and kept us dependent | sometimes exceed this limit by ton or twelve de| on the will of nations we despise, and always a I gree." century behind them in improvements, will render us slaves to the end of time." LITERARY C0NTR0VF.R6 V. In questions which arise upon subjects of pro- found and intricate investigation, truth is seldom elicited without a considerable desree of hostile SCIENCE AND When writers undertake to be witty in discui sing scientific subjects they generally fail, and e cite disgust when they aim at applause. But late number of the Edinburgh Review, under tlie article Phrenology, has used wit to illustrate sci- controversy. Let the propounder of an opinion be i ence in a happy maimer. Speaking of the organs ever so veil informed upon the subject of it, he seldom perceives all the connected arg>iments, whether favourable or unfavourable lo his own conclusions, until after a conflict with some able adversary. Such a struggle generally leads to deeper meditations and more active researches; — to the discovery of facts, which would- not have been known; of arguments which would not have suggested themselves ; and of fastnesses and i peculiar organ than by leaving it large, and adding of Hope and Cautiousness, whic^i, accorii/g to Phrenologists were developed by certain pjOtube- rances or bumps on the liuman skull, tiie R/viewer says : / j " If Hope and Cautiousness are exactly opposed | to each other, why should there be two faculties ? , It would seem easier certainly to bring down hope to the requisite standard simjdy by diminishing its .Vautical Piety. — A sailor having been, lor good behavior, promoted from a fore -mast mai a boatswain, was ordered on shore, by his cap' to receive his comniision at the Admiralty Ofi Jack went accordingly, and thus described ccption afterwards to his companions : — '■ I { away lurge," said he, " for the Admiralty Ol5 i and on entering the harbor I espied a do, en or J quill drivers ; I hailed 'em ; but not a word i I they. 'Hollo!' again said I. — Notawordi I they. 'Shiver my top-sails, but what can I mean .'' said I. " Then I took a guinea from pocket, and holding it up to my peeper, ' Hoi ; again said I. ' Oh ! hollo,' returned they, i ; so, my boys,' cried I, ' you are like Balaam's ' are you ? You could not speak until yoj saw j angel !' " 1 . I Industry and Accommodation A coble; Black Rock, advises "barefooted people ai with old bulks on their trotters, to present I cases briefly to him for examination, am! Ihoy ie re-shod, re-paired, re-soled, re-vaniped, quartered, or re-lifted, ot their liking;" and, 'a stitch in time saves nine,' he will, with pr notification, rise any time of night to repair a It is an honour to their (the Spaniards) laws a man loses his testimony who can be pr once to have been drunk. [Sir William Ten Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plant. U. vt C. LANIJRETM. J^ursery, Secdsmeyi, and Florisls, PlIILADEIPHIA HAVE constantly on hand for sale, a v^'y exit collection of Fruit Trees. Hardy Ornamental 'I'rri Shrubs, Gieen House Plants, Bulbous Root-. G Seeds, &c. &c. not exceeded by any similar 'jtta ment in the United States. In their selection of FRUITS for cultiiation, care and attention has been paid, and from ;iu ii cy with the subject of many years, they believe il( judiciouslv. The OR.NAMENTAL PLANTS, both ttnde^H» hanty, which they are now cultivating:, are snm most esteemed and admired of both native and weaknesses, which would not have been spontane- ously explored. DISCOVERIES OF THE LONDON GEOiOGICAL SOCIETY. to tli« bulk of Cautiousness. But the truth is that the two principles are substantially one and the same, and necessarily employ each other, as much as heat and cold do. The increment o' the one The London Quarterly Review for Sept. 1826 '^ "^'^^^^'^"'y '■''^ decrement of the other. If in in reviewing the Transactions of the Gealo'Hcal i contemplation of danger, a man fears mu:h, he, by Society of London, vol. 1. 2. Series, gives the fol- : necessary consequence, hopes little— if he hopes lowing account of the remains of animals found in '""^''' ^^ ^'^^^^ ""''•'• ^^ '^ ^ "'^""^^ ^""^" *"'"'"' England, in a fossil state. |°f expression is used, since they both obviously ' In this volume is a notice, by Dr Buckland ' "^^^ *^^ ^'""^^ "''"S ' ='"'^ indicate cactly the of the Megalosaurus of Stonesfield, another genus . ^''""^ *''''^ °^ ""'""^ "' feeling. They are the two of fossil oviparous quadrupeds of prodigious matrni- i''"'^'^e''^ "i^^e well :— and it is not less absurd to tude. Although the known parts of the skeleton : ascribe them to difi-erent principles, than it would are very limited,it is ascertained to have beloun-ed ""^ ^'^ maintain that the descent of one backet de- to the order of Saurians. From the dimensions of Pends on causes quite separate from that which a thigh bone belonging to this animal in the mu- ,'"^'^''^^'°"^ '•''® ascent of the other :— and the su- seum at Oxford, Cuvier, judging from the ordinary ' PerAu'ty of the Phrenologists in these instances is standard of the lizard family, assigned to the in- dividual to which it belonged a length exceeding fcrrty feet, and a bulk equal to an elephant seven feet high. But afemur,[thigh bone] twice as large has since been discovered, together with bones of The GARDEN SEEDS, of which a large and ral assortment is cultivated, are exchisivrly of own rearing, for which purpose a number of arwle tached to the establishment are appropilatcd, an^ the moment they are planted, through all the v stag-es of their growth and ripening are 'under tlie mediate care aod superintendence, coDsequenll; are enabled to assure purchasers not only of thei but quality. Persons ordering any of the articles on thtir logue, may be assured of-liaving them well and packed, and of every attention being paid to then that they will give satisfaction. t"'' Orders received by Messrs. PARKER & COD Isoik No. 9 Congress-square, neaf the Exchacge fiio[ House, Boston, of whom priced Catalogues ( whole may be had gratis. tf. Dec. but faintly typified by that of the wiseacre who made two holes in his barn door ; one — to let his cat in to kill the mice, and the other — to lot her out ! They might as well maintain that besides the eye to give us intimation of light, we nuist another of the same species,in The ferruginous sand- '"'^^ anotl^er sense and another organ to give us stone of Tilgate forest, near Cuckfield in Sussex. '*''® impression of darkness." ^(j^ Sportsmen Will find at COPELANU'S POWDER STOR. Broad Street, a complete assortment of Powder, Balls ,Flints, and Percussion Caps. The Powde ranted superior lo any which can be had in the try — price eij cents and 874 cts. per lb. Shott, fcc. at the lowest prices — wholesale aud retail. 6t >'ov. 2«i ilyl. illic nil WANTED— A man with his wife to take cha- „ valualde dairy and vegetable Farm, within ■ m . the centre of Saieni. To oni- who can proiluo | doubted recommendations, liberal terms will be oi ' None other need api'ly- E. KEH'^EY DEll W Saleai, 5111 .lanuary 1827. Mj, The Farmer is published every Friday at $2,S annum, if paidin advance- JSEW ENGLAND FARMER. ublUhcil by Joii.n B. Russelt. at the corner o'Contjress juul Lin ', cd or ploughed deep, and thoroughly harrowed, or ecips have also been confounded by botarMgtfe." I raked, to make it fine and mellow; — then by a Towards the north, I have observed tbt Black j line make trenches suinciently deep to insert the !;;ar Tree, near Windsor in V^Brroott, on the I roots a little lower than they were in the semina- jpnccticut river. But from its infeiior si'/e, | ry, and commence placing the plants, one by one d itf scarceness, it may be -.v.ferred tliat it bo- ) against the line, at the required distance, first only igs to a more southern cHvaate. Accordingly, i drawing sufficient earth with the hand to the bot- fV'v I'.egrees lower, it 5orms a large paitof the torn of the roots, to support them in an erect posi- )liIGINAL PAPEllS. FOREST TREKS. rests of Gcnesses>, and covers the iinineuse val- ys, through wLich flow the great rivers of the est. In these bottoms it is one of the mosi. nmioi'-ind one of the loftiest trees." I"."?, 'blossom and fruit of the northern Sugor de are thus accurately described, by thi same iniTiiished naturalist. » tioii, until the whole trench has been planted, when the remainder of the earth may be filled in with a hoe. After all the rows have been com- pleted, rake the ground level, over the whole of the nursery, which must be kept entirely free from weeds, and slightly chopped over with a hoe, r tlie earth .'stirred with a rake frequently during The flowers are small, yellowish and susppA^!|'_e oesson. In the autumn spread compost ma by slender drooping peduncles. The seed iS :ained in two capsules united at the base and Liinated in a membranous wing. It ripens near v York in the begiiniing of October, though capsules attain their full siie ei.x weeks earli- E.xternally they appear equally perfect, but I e constantly found one of theru empty. Tht^ I is matured only once in two or three years." 1 consequence of this last fact, and as the seeds he While Maple, [Actr Eriocarpum) and as Red Fh weiing Swamp, or Soft Maple (Arer trum) ripen in May, the period of collecting keys of the Rock Maple, was so little known, my etforts to procure them, during several rs, were unavailing, until 1824, when I receiv- 5ome from Maine : but the last season having n unusually favourable for the developement of fruit of nearly all our forest trees, and partic- rly that of the Rock Maple, I obtained an nd»nt supply ; and as Michau.x remarks, I fount. of each pair of capsules empty, but the other :d with a plump and perfect seed of the si^e oT ea, and when divested of their brown cuticle, bright green colour, n tlie Eastern States the proper time for co]- ng the needs is from the last of Siptember to middle of October, or immedistely after the t autumnal frosts, when they are easily shaken n the trees. They should be spread in the sun, wme dry place for several days and then imme- tely sown, in drills two feet apart, and covered North American Sylv», vol. 1, page Q37. uure, in which is a large portion of ashes, over the whole nursery, two or three inches deep, which must be spaded in and the ground raked level the following spring : the same cultivation to be con- tinued for three or four years, when the plants will be sufficiently large to set out, as ornamental trees, or for forming a sugar orchard, or wood-lot; for it is best to transplant forest trees, when lot more than four years old ; more especially when they are intended for groves. of timber, or fuel. — Button-Woods and Elms are yutRciently large when thrpe years old, as they grow very rapi-lly ; much more so than the oaks, beeches, or Maples. Nicol assorts, in his Practical Planter, that plants "from twelve to twenty-four inches high, will in any situation or soil, out-grow those of any sue, under eight or ten feet, within the seventh year " Land destined for a sugar orchard or wood lot, should be cultivated for one or two years with po tatoea, or some other crop requiring the earth to be often moved ; and the autumn preceding the spring when the trees are to be set out, it should be ploughed vary deep and left in ridges. In April or as soon as the ground is sufSciently dry, it should be cross ploughed, and thoroughly har- rowed. The trees should be set out four feet apart, in rows eight feet asuuder. Potatoes may be planted between the trees ; but at all events the weeds must be destroyed and the ground kept loose, by shallow ploughing and light harrowing until the trees are of a sufficient t\ze to complete- ly shade it. When the branches begin to touch one another, the trees should be thinned by tak- ing ttwtiy -eveii}' second one in each row, which will then J'O sulficicntly large for fuel. This should be rfeper.ted when the branches again meet and as much otieiier and in such munncr as may he found expedient. If it is intended to combine a wood-lot and sugar erchard, it will be necessary at the second and third thinnings to cut down every other rcw and every other tree in the re- maining one.*, wliich will leave the trees, reserved for miking si^gar, thirty-two feet apart each way. But for the latter purpose the plants nuiy be set out in single rows, from twenty-five to thirty feet apart round tlie borders of the fields, which will thus be mucjh more appropriately occupied, than by the niimeious ranges of aspiring brier-bushes and rank weeds, which too generally disfigure the farms, in all jiarts of our country. In either mode of planting, tke frees will be sufficiently large to tap, in from t>venty to twenty-five years, accord- ing to the character of the soil, and the attention bestowed on their cultivation. Should it be desired to cultivate the land destin- ed for a Sugar-Maple orchard, and ultimately con- vert it to the purposes of a mowing field, or a pas- ture, it will be best to plant out the trees in the instance from 'Jo to .30 feet apart, each way, and perhaps a greater distance may be preferred ; but it is wise to imitate nature, and plant the trees as thick as they naturally grow, to tlieir full size, in the primitive forests. In Great ^ri'ain where the most extensive and successful eVpcriments have been made in rearing forest trees,)the plants are generally set out when t!iree or fou^years old, two to four feet apart, in rows four fe ", ii=tinder, in which nearly all the va- rieties are ii'iieijnixed ; a.io sucii a.-^ are not intend- ed to stand until they attain their full size for tim- ber, are cut out from time to time, and sold as fag- gots, for crates, hooy and hop poles, find numerous other purposes ; but as there is not, as yet, a like demand in this countn,', or the price sufficiently high, for such small trees, it is doubtful whether it would be expedient to plant them thicker thsin has been recommended for wood lots. The Muple nas been long celebrated as an or- namental tree, and for the beauty of its wood, whicli was held in the highest estimation by the ffomans. Evelyn in his Discourse on Forest Trees, after e.> tolling the various species, observes: — '' Pliny's description of this lesser Maple,* and the " ancient value of it, is worth the citing." "The Maple, in the elegancy and fineness of the " wood, is next to the very Citron itself. There " are several kinds of it, especially the White,t " which is wonderfully beautiful. This is called " the French maple, and grows in that part of Italy " that is on the other side of the Po, beyond the " Alps ; the other has a curled grain, so curiously " maculated, that from a near resemblance it was " usually called the Peacock's Tail." "He goes on to commend that of l8tria,and that growing on the mountains, for the best. In the next chapter, he says," " The Bruscum, or Knur, is wonderfully fair, but " the Molluscum is counted most precious ; both of * Acer Campestre et Minus. t Acer Pseudo-Platanus. 202 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 19. If " them knobs and swellings out of the tree. The " Bruscum is of a blackish kind, with which they " make tables." " Thus far Pliny. And such spotted tables were the famous Tygrin and Panlherine, from the natu- ral spots and maculations. Sucli a table was that of Cicero,\\ hioh cost him tenthou;4and sesterces: such another had Asirius Oullus. That df king Juba, was sold for fifteen thousand, and another valued at one hundred and forty thousand ; and yet that of the Mauritarian Ptolemie was far richer, which is reported to have been sold for its weight in gold. Of that value they were, and so madly luxurious the age, tliat v/hen the men at any time reproach- ed their wives, for tlieir wanton eipcnsiveness, in pearl and other rich trifles, they were wont to re- tort and turn the tables, upon their husbands." — Hunter in a note observes, that this " common ex- pression seen^s to have originated from wliat Pliny has remarked upon the Citron, and Bruscum of the Maple." The Piock Maple, reaching in height 70 or 80 feet, is not only one of the most magnificent, but the most valuable of our forest trees. The wood is extensively used by the turner, cabinet-maker, wheel and mill wright, for keels and floor timbers of vessels, and various other purposes. The beau- tiful varieties called Birds-Eye and Curled* are well known and admired, both in the United States and in Europe. As fuel, Rock Maple wood ranks next to Hicko- ry ; the charcoal made from it is in high estima- tion for the use of forges and blacksmiths ; — tak- ing precedence of that made from any oiher wood in several of the nortiiein states ; and Jlichaux observes " that the opinions enterttined of it in this respect, in North America, accord with the interesting experiment of Mr Harlin; [Grand Mas- ter of the forests of Prussia,] on :le comparative heat afforded by different species of European vcood, from which it results, that (lie Sycamore, ^cer pseudo-platanas, is superior to every other ;"' and he also states that, "the ashes are rich in the alkaline principle, and it ro-iy be confidently as- serted, that they furnisli four-fifths of the pot- ashes exported to Europe, from Boston and New York." As an ornamental tree, and for shade, it is sur- passed by a very few, if any. In Connecticut, a laudable example has been set, by the citizens of manv towns, as well as in the western part of this state, in New Hampshire, and in Vermont, of planting them on each side of the public roads, in the fronts of their houses, and about their fields. It is said thai grass thrives better under this tree — as is the case with the locust — than in situ- ations exposed to the constant action of the sun. But the most valuable use to which the Rook Maple can be appropriated is tha' of a substitute for the sugar cane, in regions beyond the limited climate of that valuable plant. The distinguished Dr Rush, in his interesting treatise on the manu- facture of sugar, from the sap of this tree, states, that " it is not injured by tapping ; on the contra- ry, the oftener it is tapped tlie more syrup is ob- tained from it. In this respect it follows the laws of animal secretion. A single tree had not only survived, but flourished, after forty-two tappings, in the same number of years. The trees, after * The Curled is also obtained from the Red Maple. having been wounded in this way, distil the re- Mr Fisher is now I am informed in Massii mains of their juice on the ground, and aftorwaiiis setts, and I cannot but hope that those gentlq acquire a black colour. From twenty-three gallote jn our own state, who have fine animals will and one quart of sap, procured in twenty hours, from only two of th^se dark coloured trees Nathan Noble, Esq. of tl)e state of New York, obtained four pounds and thirteen ounces of good grainel" advantage of his talents and have the best in uals of their stock painted, with a view to thi tares being etched or litliographed in the manner, which with a little colouring would a sugar. A tree, of an ordinary size, yields, in a Uq the farmer a handsome, interesting, and u good season, from twenty to thirty gallons of sap, picture at a small expense. Those who an from wiiich are made from five to six pounds of Lnotely situated, or from other circumstances ** sugar. In this there are remarkable exceptions, unable to leave their farms, would have som( Sami. Lane, Esq. of Montgomery county, in the | portunity by such engravings, of forming state of New York, made twenty pounds and one ounce of sugar between the lilth and 23d of April, in the year 1789, from a single tree, that had been tapped for several successive years before. From the influence which culture has upon forest and other trees, it has been supposed that by trans- planting the Sugar Maple Tree into a garden, or tastes and judgement. At home they would come familiarized with wliat has been eslabli as beautiful, and a better illustration of what i sirable in the forms of animals, would be prei ''?' ed to them than could have been ofl'ered bj most able description. Should this means of: ing our agriculturists familiar with our best a by destroying such other trees, as shelter it from : mens of stock, become general, wc should tht the rays of the sun, the quantity of the sip might , ^ble to ascertain the progress and relative e: '"" be increased and its quality improved, i have ; ]ence of stock in other states, of which we " heard of one fact, which favours this opinion. A 1 now no means of judging, but by an attend! farmer, in Northampton county, in the stale cf at their respective exhibitions, which very; Penn.sylvania, planted a number of these trees," practical farmers can afford. Perhaps not above twenty years ago, in his meadow, from thr'e ^^jn one member in thirty of the Mass. Agricii ^ gallons of the sap of which, he obtains every year ^ ^al iS-ociety ever attended a meeting out of ^ , a pound of sugar. It was observed formerly, that . y^^.^ gtjje! . . ! it required five or six gallons of the sap of the | Perhips tVis subject may not be unworthy trees whidi grow in tlie woods, to produce the | attention of so ne one of our numerous a gncu same quantity of sugar." ! r,il stcieties, who^e judgement in the rlii.ici Doct. Rush estimated, at the time he wrote, that ' subjects, and care in the selection of artists, wc there were in the state of New York and Pennsyl- be a guarantee to the puW.ic, that the prints vania alone, a sufficient number of Sugar Maple ; whicii they were subscribing would corridlj i Trees, — calculating each to yield five pounds, — to , resent the animals proposed ; a.ld I doubt not produce, from the labour of 60,000 families, allow- jer such circumstances, a list of suf-cribers wc ing only three persons to each family capable of [,e readily obtained, that would amply corpnens attending to that duty, 135,000,000 pounds of: the talents employed, reduce the price sugar. [to subscribers, and possibly prove a source of r i will send you in season for the next number of the Farmer, the answers to the other queries. Very respectfully. Your most ob't serv't, H. A. S. DEARBORN. T. G, Fespemden, Esq. enje, rather Ihan a tax on the funds of the Srriif I am sir, with much respect, Your obedient servant JVeit> Bedford, Jan. 15, 18'27. F. I WHY DOES DOMESTIC CLOTH SIIRIN Mr Fessenden, — Improvement being tlie or of the day, our great men cheerfully lendii.L; tl W^YE COMET— PAINTINGS OF ANIMALS Mr Fessenden — Some short time since, as I ■j^fj^igj^^.p ^^ j.j^jgg ^y^ character and improve was passing through the state of Connecticut, L p^jj^j^j^,,^ our well informed men, rivals onl) was shown an excellent picture of the celebrated | jigf^gi^g knowledge, even as subjects of pccu bull Wye Comet, which my friend informed me . ■^jg^.g^^ ^^ j,^g ij^jj^jj^g ^^^ ^nj housewife, a; was painted by Mr Fisher, an American "rtist, ! puitu^e^ domestic economy and manufacture! who has but lately returned from Europe : and if'takg encouragement to solicit instruction, throi I may judge from the picture in question, he has y^y^ valuable paper, on a subject which to sc studied with a success commensurate with his re- '^jn perhaps appear trifling. But to us farmers puted industry. lis considerably important ; while we are oblif This painting possesses great merit, both as a 'j^ ^^^.^j.^ jj^g cloth that we wear and choose picture and a portrait, and the artist appears to ly/ear that which we make. Why does our dom have been fully aware of the necessity of an acc-.i- : jj^ manufacture, commonly called home-made cU rate deleniation of those " points" which may be however w«l! spunged previous to making up,cc peculiar to the individual animal, and important to t^nually shrink as it does in the wearing ? Is i the grazier, though of little valuo and considera- , f^^n j,, spinning, weaving or dressing? And w^ lion to an artist. Painters are apt to consider a ■ j^ y^^. ^g^^gjy p jyjy grandfather's wedding cc ^ cow as a cow, and an ox an ox, differing only from ■ ^^ Royal English broadcloth, though worn in oi i each other in size and colour, without any percep- .^^ (j^,g j^^jj drenched in many a storm, still ; ' tion of those nicer characteristics which are so ^^^^^ jjg ample dimensions and seems only waiti readily distinguished by the agriculturist. This ^j^g ^v)^gel of fashion to come round to be a ti however does not seem to have been the case with ' goo(] coat again. But ray new surtout and jack Mr Fisher, who appears to have viewed this noble 'manufacture'd by my wife and first put on only i animal with the mingled feelings of a connoisseur I g^,,,^, ^\^^^^ though very large when made, fl and an artist ; and has strictly preserved not only \^^^^ ^^ small,tbat to tug them on or to pull mys theformof this beautiful creature but has admira- tgy^pftijg^ ig worse tlmn an hour's work ; r bly portrayed the mild yet bright and lively air of j^,^,,,gjj y,gy ^re on and buttoned up, I feel as m ' Wye Comet. ol. V No.2ii. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 208 ^ iressod, constricted aiiJ ilislrcssed, as a bux- 3iintry lass all pinned nnd latoJ nnd tortured | asliion behind a sturdy busk. My coat, with ch or so oft' the boltom,is imposed upon Tom- nstcad of the now one he expected. Poor . he looks like an old man cut shorter. His Jhope is to out-grow it ; and by the lengtlien- j it" his face I think he may. lint it will proba- e small enough for Bill before long, with a^ more docking. My sheep afford me good merino and common ; my wife is accounted xellent spinner and weaver ; of our clothier [ no judge. But if you will instruct him or mc j , y wife, as the fault may be, how to make cloth ji. at garw-nts of it, that fit when new, will fit! lev are worn out, you will much oblige her' Tommy, and mauy others ; especially Your humble servant, HOMESPUN. 'sworth, (Me) Jan. 5th 1827. From Q A'ew York Paper. )N MIXING TAN WITH MANURE. | ultivate a large farm ; and have long been in labit of purchasing manure from those who ct It for sale; of late I hate become quite ais- iged.the manure which I have purchared has, . ik, rather injured than benefitei my land. ino.Mng the cause, I at lengl'* visited the! iitories of the manute, whe.ltf I found large lilies collected for sale, a/^d saw large heaps e tin which the moi^-co leather dressers use eir business, laid to ferment until it turns : like old wel,!, rotted manure ; and I saw eniployed^'i^tSiing this sour substance among ooi! mjtiiiire. This fi.ved my opinion at once, fully convinced that the failure of my r was owing to this spurious stuff, which no ■t destroys all the fructifying qualities of ures. On inquiry I learnt that the maniire- 5 get pay from the morocco leather dressers •arling away their tan, but those good honest .\s do not quite give it away to us poor country- ; we are obliged to pay high for the cheat — the cheat is not easily diseovered. This is a ving evil ; for as the business of the morocco her dressers increases, so the quantity of tan eases, and so in proportion the produce of the ler must decrease. This is to warn my broth- irruers of the evil. A Long Isi and Farmer. CiREAT BENEFITS OF LOO.-ESTABLKS. | METHOD OF BURNING LIME WITHOUT I have khown horses, in trifling lamenesses re- KILNS. coive much benefit from being turned into a loose Tlie practice of lime burners in Wales, was for- stable ; and all valuable horses should bo kept in 1 inerly to burn lime in broad shallow kilns, but in loose stables. I am certain, if you crack the oats some parts they now manufacture that article with- for horses, in a machine made for that purpose that three feeds will do a horse nearly as much good as four. A horse has a very sweet tooth, — when he is unwell and won't drink, mix molasses or coarse bnncn sugar in the water : he will then drink freely, out liny kiln at all. They place the lime-stone in large bodies, which are called conks, the stones not being broken siniiU, as in the ordinary method, and calciiie these heaps in the way used for pre- paring charcoal. To prevent the flames from bursting out at the top and sides of these heaps, turfs and earth are placed against them, and the The best stopping I know to make horses' feet i aperture paitially closed; and the heat is regulated grow or to supple hard feet, which are subject to j and transfused into the whole mass ; so that, not- crack, is linseed boiled, and, when moderately withstanding the incv eased size of the stones, the cool, applied to the feet. , uiiloe becomes thoroughly calcined. As a proof I have been informed by an agriculturist who • of the superior advantage that lime burnt in has written on agriculture, ami tlie feeding of these clamps or conks, has over lime burnt in the cattle, that the following cheap food will do for all j old method — where farmers have an opportunity horses, which work in the stages, and draft-hors- of taking either lime at the same price, the prefe- es ; — not for mail-coach horses, nor post-chaise ! rence is invariably given to that burned in heaps, horses ; they must be full fed with oats. — Haifa This practice has long prevailed in Yorkshire and peck of split beans per day ; oats in tho straw, one iliird ; two thirds barley or wheat straw ; the oats in the straw, and the straw, to be cut, in a cut- ting machine, as short as possible, not above a quarter of an inch long. Particularly no hay whatever with this is necessary. [Southern paper.] AMERICAN MANUFACTURES. The Newburyport Herald given an account of the factories in Salisbury and Amesbury, which towns are separated by the river Powow,a narrow stream, on which the factories are erected. All the works are built and carried on in a space of forty rods, viz : — A Nail Factory, connected with a Rolling and Slitting Mill, at which 1,000 tons of Iron have been wrought yearly. Extensive An- chor Works. A Broadcloth manufactory, at pres- ent discontinued. A Flannel manufactory, owned by the Salisbury Manufacturing Company, — has 2,500 spindles, employs 80 hands, pays $90,000 yearly for labor, and manufactures 100 pieces of flannel weekly. The Amesbury Flannel Company CONGELATION OP MERCURY. he fact of mercury becoming soliu was first overed by accident. A professor Braun, at srsburgh, in 175'J, taking advantage of a very ;re frost, plunged a thermometer in a niix- ; of snow and salt, to ascertain the degree of i produced. Observing the mercury stationary r it was withdrawn, he broke the bulb of the 'inometer, and found the metal frozen into a l1 mass. Since then, mercury has frequently en ; and in this state, when touched, it aft'ects hand with a sensation similar to touching a ;e of heated iron, the hand having the same earancc that it assumes when burnt. Shropshire, and is also familiar in Scotland. CARE OF FARMING TOOLS. A topic not yet sufficiently enforced on the at- tention of farmers, is the wasteful negligence e- vinced in the exposure of agricultural implements to the injuries of the seasons. The sled, curling and cracking by the side of the wall in summer, and the cart half buried in snow, and seasoning in the winter storms, are symptoms of waste and ex- travagance, which will ripen into a consumption, to be hastened to premature termination by the visits of the sheriffs. The whole secret of wealth, consists in economy, and the prudent care of those small rills, which without great vigilance, are slipping through the chinks of the best woven purse : and il may be considered quite as safe to predict that none of these slovenly gentlemen will be prosperous, as to write, in the style of the cal- endar soothsayers, through the printed page of the month of .Tanuary "expect some snow about these days." The price of th« time lost when it is most has 5,000 spindles, employs 180 workmen, pays valuable, in putting the exposed articles in proper $40,000 for labor per year, and manufactures 260 j repair, not speaking of the cost of materials and pieces of flannel per w-eek. Attiched is a Dye- 1 the interruption of business, would defray the ex- house. Fulling mill and Bleachery , and an exten- ! pense of erecting ten such cheap sheds as would sive warehouse. Connected are two lari'e machine ' cover them from the storms, protect them from shops, at which all the work is performed for the j decay, and keep them ready for immediate use. factories. The Salisbury Manufacturing Compa- [National iEgis.] ny are erecting a new factory, at the Upper Falls,! to contain 10,000 spindles, and to make upwards j Capt. Parry has commissioned the Hecla at of 400 pieces of flannel per week. Whi'n complet- I Deptford, the fitting out of which was to com- ed,it is calculated that 35,000 pieces of flannel will | tnonce immediately, for the voyage to Spitzen- be made yearly, and 1,000 hands employed within bin gh. Several officers have been appointed to the distance of 40 rods. her, one of whom (Lieut. Ross) would proceed Besides the above, there are within the above with Capt. P. in one of the boats over the ice, in distance three grist mills, three saw mills, a cloth- I the drawing of which Shetland ponies are to be ier's establishment, a nail factory, carding ma- chines, &c. The supply of water is abundant. The infiividiials employed in these Factories are distributed intothrct: principal departments — card- ing, spinning, and weaving, over which is an over- employed which will be taken on board at the Orkneys. I rich bed of Iron Ore has been lately discov- d on Gun Stock Mountain, in Guilford, N. H. ich is said to be very extensive, and a furnace low erecting for the purpose of preparing it for Petitions from the Wool Growers and Manufac- turers in the Counties of Franklin, Hampshire and _, ■ r- , , r- , • ; Essex, Mass. — Woodstock, Vt. — New London and seer. The proportion or males to females is as „.. ,, ri t c /-vl- .. i ^. , '^ f „ , ,_ ^ Windham, Con. — and from Ohio — were presented three to one, tne former receive each about one dollar per day, and the latter fifty cents, which is | paid quarterly. The hours of work at the present season are from 8 in the morning to 8 in the even- ing. The intermissions include about two hours. to Congress on the 8th inst. A petition against the Corn Laws, has been pre- sented to the British Parliament by 1350 women. Attempts are making to cultivate the Sugar Cane in Kentucky. I In the Kentucky Penitentiary, lately a man I chopped oft' a part of his left hand and foot, that he might not be able to labor. 204 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 19, l»i!7. . From ike Visiter, 175(i. THOUGHTS ON AGRICULTURE. Agriculture, in the primeval ages, was the Com- mon parent of traffic ; for tlie opulence of man- kind then consisted in cattle, and tlie product of tillage ; vvliich are now very essential for tlie pro- jiiotion of trftde in gcneial, but more particularly so to such nations as are abundant in cattle, corn, and fruits. Tlie labour of the farmer gives em- ployment to the manufacturer, and yields a sup- port for the other parts of a communit}' : it is now the spring ivhich sets tlie whole grand machine of commerce in motion ; and the sail could not be spread without the assistance of the plough. But, though the I'armers are of such utility in a state, we find them in general too much disregarded amon^ the politer kind of people in tlio present age; while we cannot help observing the honor that antiquity always paid to the profession of the hus- bandman : which naturally leads us into some re- flections upon that occasion. Though the mines of gold and silver should be exhausted, and the specie made of thera bo lost ; though diamonds and pearls should remain con- cealed in the bowels of the earth, and the womb of the sea; though commerce with strangers be prohibited ; though all arts, which have no other object than splendour and embellishment, should be abolished ; yet the fertility of the earth alone would afford an abundant supply for the occasions of an industrious people, by furnishing subsistence for thera, and such armies as shciuld be mustered in their defence. \Vc, therefore, ought not to be surprised, that agriculture was in so much honour among the ancients : for it ought rather to seem wonderful that it should ever C(!ase t^ be so, and that the most necessary, and most indispensable of all professions, should iiave fallen ialo any con- tempt. Agriculture was in no part of the world in high- er consideration than Egypt, where it was the particular object of government and policy : nor was any country ever better peopled, richer, or more powerful. The satrapie, among the Assyri- ans and Persians, were rewarded, if the lands in their governments were well cultivated ; but were punished, if that part of their duty was neglected. Africa abounded in corn; but the most famous countries were Thrace, Sardinia, and Sicily. Cato, the Censor, has justly called Sicily the magazine and nursiug mother of the Roman peo- ple, who were supplied from thence with almost all their corn both for the use of the city, and the subsistence of her armies : though we find in Livy, that the Romans received no inconsiderable quan- tity of corn from Sardinia. But, when Rome had made hei self mistress of Carthage and Ale.\andria, Africa and Egypt became her store houses ; for those cities sent such numerous fJeets every year, freighted with corn to Rome, that Alexandria alone annually supplied twenty millions of bushels; and when the harvest happened to fail in one of those provinces, the other came in to its aid, and supported the metropolis of the world; which, without this supply, would have been in danger of perishing by famine. Rome actually saw herself reduced to this condition under Augustus ; for there remained only three days' provision of corn in the city ; and that Prince was so full of tender- ness for the people, that he had resolved to poison himself, if the expected fleets did not arrive before the expiration of that time ; but they came, and the preservation of the Romans was attributed to the good fortune of their Emperor : but wise pre- cautions were taken to avoid the like danger for the future. When the seat of empire was transplanted to Constantinople, that city was supplied in the same manner: and when the Emperor Septimus Seve- rus died, there was corn in the public magazines for seven years, expending daily 75,000 bushels in bread for 000,000 men. The ancients were no less industrious in the cultivation of the vine than in tliat of corn, though they applied themselves to it later : for Noah planted it by order, and discovered the use that might be made of the fruit by pressing out and preserving the juice. The vine was carried by the offspring of Noah into the several countries of the world : hut Asia was the first to experience the sweets of this gift; frou) whence it was imparted to Europe and Africa. Greece and Italy, wliich were distinguished in so many other resperts, were particularly so by the excellency of ilicir wines. Greece was most celebrated for the .vine-i.- - — -- of Cypru.s, Lesbos, and Chio : the former of vhich possessions were better regulated, and the si is ill great esteem at present: though the cultiva- ! of vassalage gradually declined, till it was en tion of the vine has been generally suppressed u.Jly worn ofi" under the reigns of Henry VII ~" As the Romans were in -...»" . . , . ■ it unworthy their birth, rank, and genius, to lei precepts to posterity upon the utility of the hi bandman's profession. Iliero, Attains, and chelaus, kings of Syracuse, Pergamus, and Ci padocia have composed hooks for supporting augmenting the fertility of their different coi tries. The Carthagenian general, Mago, w twenty-eight volumes upon this subject ; and C; the Censor, followed his example. Nor have to, Xenophon, and Aristotle, omitted tkis artiS which makes an essential part of their politics, And Cicero, speaking of the writings of Xenophl says, "How fully and excellently does he, in tl book called his Economics, set out the advanta] of liusbandry, and a country life." When Britain was subject to the Romans, annually supplied them with great quantitiegfet cnn ; and the Isle of Anglesea v/as then lou] upon as the granary for the western provim but the Bcitons, both under the Romans and ons, were employed like slaves at the ploug On the intermixture of the Danes and Norm; the Turkish dominion debted to the Grecians for the arts and sciences, so were they likewise for the improvement of their wines : the best of which were produced in the country of Capua, and were called the Massic, the Calenian, Fonnian, CiEcuban, and Falernian, so much celebrated by Horace. Domitian passed an edict for destroying all the vines, and that no more should be planted throughout the greatest part of the west : which continued almost two hundred years afterwards, when the Emperor Probus em- ployed his soldiers in planting vines in Europe, in the same manner as Hannibal had formerly em- ployed his troops in planting olive trees in Africa. Some of the ancients have endeavored to prove that the cultivation of vines is more beneficial than any other kind of husbandry ; but if this was con- sidered so in the time of Columella, it is very dif- ferent at present ; nor wore all the ancients of his opinion, for several gave the preference to pasture lands. The breeding of cattle has always been consid- ered as an important part of agriculture. The riches of Abraham, Lahan, and Job consisted in their flocks and herds. We also find from Latinus in Virgil, and Ulysses in Homer,that the wealth of those princes consisted in cattle. It was likewise the same among the Romans, till the introduction of money, which put a value upon commodities, and established a new kind of barter. Varro has not disdained to give an extensive account of all the beasts that are of any use to the country, either for tillage, breed, carriage or other conven- iences of man. And Cato, the Censor, was of opinion, that the feeding of cattle was the most certain and speedy method of enriching a country. Luxury, avarice, injustice, violence and ambition take up their ordinary residence in populous cities; while the hard and laborious life of the husband- man will not admit of these vices. The honest farmer lives in a wise and happy state, which in- clines him to justice, temperance, sobriety, sin- cerity, and every virtue tliat can dignify human nature. This gave room for the poets to feign, that AstriEa, tlie goddess of justice, had her last residence among husbandmen, before she quitted the earth. Hesiod and Virgil have brought the assislauce of the muses in praise of agriculture. — Kings, generals, and philosophers, have not thought JP-dward VI. for they hurt the old nobility byj voi;jig the Commons, who grew rich by trade, purchased estates. The wirie>s of France, Portugal, and Spain, ih now the bestS.i v^/hile Italy can only boast of lb wine made in I'Ss-vany . The breeding of cattlei now chiefly confint"^"to Uenmark and Ireland.- The corn of Sicily is ~st?^in great esteem, as wel as what 1.-5 produced in the northern countries ;' Kngland is the happiest spoi' in the universe all the principal kinds of agricult't/'je, and espei ly its great produce of corn. '''• The improvement of our landed estateS ^ eniichment ofihc kingdom; for, without this, could we carry on our manufactures, or prosec our commerce ? We should look upon the Engl farmer as the must useful member of society, arable grounds not only supply his fellow subjei with all kinds of the best grain, but his indui enables him to export great quantities to o1 kingdoms, which might otherwise starve ; pari ularly Spain and Portugal ; for, in one year thi have been exported 51,520 quarters of barli 219,781 of malt, 1920 of oat meal, 1329 of rye. a; 153,.343 of wheat ; the bounty on which amountat to £72,433. What a fund of treasure arises from his pasturf lands, which breed such innumerable flocks ol sheep, and aflxird such fine herds of cattle, to feed our countrymen, and clothe mankind ! He rear! flax and hemp for the making of linen ; while bis plantations of apples. and hops supply him will generous kinds of liquors. The land-tax, when at four shillings in the pound, produces .02,0110,000 a year. This arises from the labour of the husbandman ; it is a great sum, bat how greatly is it increased by the means it fur- nishes for trade .-' Without the industry of the farmer, the manu- facturer could have no goods to supply the mer- chant, nor the merchant find employment for the mariners : Trade would be stagnated ; riches would be of no advantage to the great; and labor of no service to the poor. — The Romans, as historians all allow. Sought, in cxtrenic- distress the rural plough ; lo triuraphe ! for the village swain RetirM to be a nol)lemaiit agaiu. • t Cincinnaliis. J? lol.V No.W. NEW ENGLAND FAKMER. jyom CniUWa Tntvds in Carniola. KXPERIMENTAL FARMS. ' supposes that it will cost iji 1,0(10,000, and tliat a e science ol" agriculture and gardening is ad- | sinj^le ruihvay will cost .*'2,7OO,0()(). To meet the ling rapidly. Several extensive cxperimcntar annual interest, repairs and other e.xpcnces, he ore in operation in this section of the couu- ^ eiliinates that the tolls must aniount to .'JilVJO.ODO ,itU very excellent results. In New Jersey on n double railway, and $"-i70,0U0 on a single one; New UrunswicU,iB a farm under the personal and that 170,000 tons passing the whole distance ot" a proprietor who unites all the requisites will be necessary to refund annually jj;320,000. ]Ie scieutitic and practical horticulturist. Within estimates the tolls at one cent per Ion per mile, asl lour years, seven thousand trees have j and the expense of Ir iisportaiion at half a cent i in a granular forni,bcing grated, and brought to ta- planted under the direct inspection of the per ton per mile. A single horse will draw ten j ble to be eaten with soup. Much of this cheese is r, wiio has converted the whole farm into a \ tons on a level railway at the rate of three miles j also made near Lodi and I'avia. en. As an instance of the success of the ex- ! an hour, and continue this operation six or eight | The word Fo/v«ou-giu is from fornia* Legislature, that the present free population of the ;/oung Hercules amounts to 800,000, and thill the grand total of souls is more than a million. () DYEKS AND WOOL GROWERS, new method for preparing woad^for dyeing injT.veuty years ago the population was forty-six s be>.'ii read by Messrs. Robiquet and Col- |/Ao!t^arK/ ; in twenty more it will be the second. signifies, in the iiatin of the middle ages, cheese prepared in a form. The cheese is made in the morning before sun- rise. The morning's milk, and that of the preceding evening, are put into a largo brass vessel, five feet in height, narrow at bottom, and widening out like a trumpet to tl.ree feet liiaineter at top. Thie >,oretheRoyalAc^ide,nyotfcciencesatParisi.fnotthe first Stufe m the Union. Ihe Cana | ^,^^^^, ; ,^^^j ^^,g_. ^ ^^ ^l^j^j^ ;^ ^^_^^ j^ ^^^ itle ot which IS, "Researches on the Coloring I Comm-^-, oners anucpaf- that upwards of K'O ground, and the vessel can be removed from the ;iple in W oad." By means of a new process, | mile>;;on the Ohio and Miami Canals will be navi- > S u cmnp ' ipl chemists have succeeded in obtaining very ditiously and economically that precious ar- which now sells from i'ourteen to fifteen ■i an ounce for the purest cakes, which wi'.'f We are informed that Capt. Kendall's saw, on likclv soon be obtained by the pound for the "'^ ^"^ ""■ "P°" ^ *""' "^"^^ ^P*'^^ °'" "^ ^''^- !nt price now paid for an ounce. T'Jey de- cution, cut boards at the rate of more than 175,- ■^ . . ' „ ^ nrwi r..„t ;_ ol l -, . „«.! «„ H,„ l'„lln,.,;r,™ A,^„ ;» ga,*^ J in the month of.Tuly next, when the state wvi begin to derive. revenue therefrom Fuel. — Tiic use of Lehigh Coal is becoming very general with our citi.'.ens. It is belter than put up ite under the name of a!i..Hrine th" tinctorial a sr in woad, which they beli5.;Ve to have ob- d in its greatest purity ^J^^'ik following pro- Their researches had '; a • slronw pressure, repeat the same operation , • »■ i_ • n ii -J 1 sumption e successive times, bruise well the residue and ; . ^ .. . ^^, „„•„„„ . ,, J. I- ■ 1 u .u -.I must perceive, of this extensive u ;r it to be thus exposed to a liquid bath with "^ or six parts of v.'atev added to it, in which a cient quantity of alum has been previously alved ; afterwards strain well that liquid and ,ipitate it by an addition of suhcarbonic of so- The precipitate thus produced must be very fully washed in clear water. The maceration lum water is then continued till it become of a i>erly thick consistence. By the above pro- you obtain in three hoars a result which by old ineihod required so many months. fire by a crane. When the milk is heated, rennet, in form ot paste, is put in, and a little saflron, to give the cheese the yellow color. When the coagulation has taken place, the cop- per is taken ofl'the lire, the curd is taken out in a 000 feet in 24 hours ; and on the following day it | ^'oth, and put within a broad wooden hoop, the cut 297G feet of good boards, from three logs, in 1 sides of which are as high as the cheese is intend one hour and thirty-five minutes, the logs being put on and the boards run out of the mill, in this time, with the labor of only one man. [Augusta (Me.) Journal.] ed to be. This hoop can bo straightened by mean^ of a rope. A board is placed on the top of the cheese, and a small weight on the board. The cheese, is not put into a press. After this, the cheese is taken to the salting room, and two cheeses are placed together, one above the other,with broad hoops tightened round wood, and we learn that during tlie present seas- Ihem. Much salt is laid on the top of the upper- lumber of grates have been most cheese ;I the salt dissolves, and the bnnc fil- on an unprecedented number or gva., _ .^'.i^-j, _ in dwelling houses, stores, &c. for itE'cmT-Tlf?" tnrongK the cheese*. The effects as our country friends! The cheeses are shifted from one place to an- fcoal will other all along the benches of the salting room, be to reduce the piesent high prir-e of fire 'wood and are beaten with a flat piece of wood, cut with in our market. [N. Bedford Mercury.] j straight-lined furrows intersecting each other. The cheese is next taken to the magazine,where RAILWAY. he Stockbridge Star contains the report of R. C. Morgan, of his survey of the route from ingfield to Albanj', made to ascertain the lev- in contemplation of a rail-road on said route. M's course is so circuitous that the distance 1 Springfield to Albany is upwards of 90 miles from Boston to Albany 190 miles. The route ses through Westfield, Chester, Becket, Lee, ckbridge, &c. to Millville near Kinderhook, from thence to the North River in the vi- ity of Albany. There are two summit lovels, highest of which is in Otis, and is 1300 feet ve the North River. Mr M's plan is to divide whole route into a succession of levels, con- ted by inclined planes, the loads to be elevat- or let down on the incliricd planes by machin- moved by water or oxen. Mr M. thinks a ible railway from Boston to Albany may be made $2,850,000, but ill making his calculation^ he Water Biscuit. — A great essential necessary is ^ each cheese is placed on a shelf. to avoid drowning the 'flour. Give water, a little ; The sides of the cheese arc painted with a mix- at a time. The mass of dough is to be worked up ture of litmus, otherwise called tournesol, and oil, very dry, under the hand : so that when all is done to give them tlio purple color. The tournesol is a tlmt can be by the hands, towards gathering the , plant collected in the south of France, materials together into a firm mass, it is still in The cheeses are set on the shelf in the same or- parts dry; and in cracks with flour here and there '; der in which they were made ; and the cheeses of untakeu up. The rude mass is then committed to , each month are placed together. a brake (or heavy beater,) with which it is worked j Those of the month of October and of May are a great deal, until it becomes smooth and solid, ; the best, and bear the highest price. The best without any further addition of water. The oven I cheeses can be kept longest, and are improved by is heated to bake ijuick as may be without burning, keeping for some years. These points observed, prevent flintiness. Drink. — Rarely drink but when thou art dry — the smaller the drink the clearer the head and the cooler the blood, which are great benefits in temper and business. — William Penn's Works. Custom. — Pythagoras gave this excellent pre- cept— " Choose always the way that seems best ; how rough' soever it be. Custom will render it easy and agreable." — M. Dacier's Pythagoras. Passages The Florida, Tinkhain, from New York to Liverpool, made land, on the Irish coast, on the fourteenth day. Yesterday we had an arri- from New Orleans in forty days, and one flroni Boston in seventeen .' — N, Y, Statesman. There was an October cheese which had been kept five years, and was to be sent to the Empe- ror. After the great cheese is made, the liquid in the copper is again heated over the fire, and curd is collected from it to make small cheeses, called Mascarla. The number of cows kept for making cheese in this dairy is eighty. They are always in the house in winter, and at this season of the year. They arc fed upon grass all the year, except perhaps in December. The house in which they are kept ie not above nine feet high to the ceiling. They are kept very clean. In summer, they go out to the the field to feed during the day. The cows are of a dark color, and are brought 206 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 19, 1887. fol from Swit.,erlaiKl, which is found more piolitable Orills, and about three quarters of an inch deep: the than rearing them in this country. Tne bull is drills were two feet apart. He thinks in necessa- also Swiss, and fourteen months old. It is estimated that 9,000 head of cattle pass the Mount Saint Gothard every year, coming from Switzerland into Italy. Considerable fairs for the sale of Swiss cattle are held at Lugano. The evening's milk is put in flat copper vessels, three feet in diameter, in order to collect thet cream, There is an ice-houss at the dairy, for tlie pur ry to sow the seeds in moist ground. Many of the full blown flowers measured fi-om seven and a half to eight inches in width: the head measured from two and a half, to three and a half inches diameter.f Dr. Spalding, of Portsmouth, N. H. has also made opium from the white poppy ; samples of which he presented to the Medical Society of the Et'stern District of New Hampshire : he procured pose of supplying ice for cooling the cream which it by incisions in the heads, after the capsules were is put into the churn. This tliey find facilitates ' fully formed.} the making of butter at certain seasons of the j The seeds should be sown in good ground, as y®^""- early as the season, in the different parts of the In the farm-yard is an inscription, commemorat- 1 continent will admit ; the plants must be properly ing the visit paid to this dairy by the Auslrain watered and kept clear of weeds. Transplanting Emperor and the Archdukes, two years ago. ON AMERICAN OPIUM. The following is an abstract of the various attempts at making Opium, in the United Slates. Dr. S. Ricketson, formerly of Duchess county, 1 The o doc? not succeed. The poppy plant has been cultivated extensive- ly by Mr Ball and Mr Jonps, in Enijland ; both of whom have received premiums fro.ii t> !ltholh\r ' t ""n'!"' tr'ioA tha Aoiot;,, j„ <• . • >L L J , nint wiiJ De taken : although the profit would be rriea itie Asiatic mode or tapninff the heads, and ^ , ■ -i .. . r" ... found that they yielded most'p'lentifully from 8 to Sd'slateT liW in tt""' f^— ■" 'h. 12 days after the flowers had fallen : he however ,,, ' ^ .V ^^ ^^l ""='" """^^ obtained the l«rg..t quantity of juice by cutting off '''^ T °'""'V ' "''f.' ^^ '"''"" ^^^ P^P^^ = "" Uie stalks when'the s'un sbiLs.labotit L in Ve ^ iT^^'J^uVotuZ ^ "' °"'' '"'' '''""""^' low the flowers of the plant ; and as soon as the ^ul'^ull ZSXl 1^; .luice appeared, by collecting it with a small „, ! ^'^" , <=^l^"l»^*=d that supposing one poppy scoop or penknife. After the juice ceased to flow, ^i'"* £'-°"'"g;n '^^'^ foot square of earth, produc- he cut it about an inch lower,'and thus proceeded it e° n^rr °''"" \ Tl" """ 'I P°""'' "'" until the juice ceased to appear.* , ''^ ?"''^^;' *^'°™ °"^ ''''^"'^ ^"« = l^"' ""^ P°PPy The seeds may be sown at the distance of six or 'E'TomT!^?/ '° ''" "''' ""V" T' eight inches. He is convinced there is no diff-er- ^'f ^° \ , V ? T^"""' T '""''" ' '^'°'" ence in the quality of the produce, whatever varie- !",'!"[ ""^'"^ t^ took two or three grains ;_ ty or species be cultivated '^^"^ "'*'''' ^'^ ^"''"' "^""^ ^^ "'^ produce? Double, Dr. Anthony, of Petersburgh, Georgia, in the "[^ ^^""-'^o"';,!^ PW^s, gave more than twice the month nfTannar,, 1 QTii J 1 r 1, quantity produccd by the single, montn ot January, IMO, sowed seeds of the true a t /■ rr /• . ,- white or opium poppy, which came up in due time. | ^chives of Useful Knowledge. The second day after the petals had fallen he di- i Three Faults of Mirses.— l. To lisp in baby vided the exterior coat of the head in four places, j style, when the same words in an endearing tone at equal distances from each other : more incis- j would please as well ; the reverse should bo ; the lona, he thinks, would tend to wound and destroy voice clear, emphatic, each syllable articulated, the heaa unnecessarily. The incisions were made "■ ' ' ' " - at ten o'clock in the morning, and at twelve he collected the opium that hung therefrom, in tears from one incii to an inch and a half in length. Another bleeding, in the afternoon of the same day, yielded as much as was obtained in the morn- ing. He carefull;/ avoided penetraling the cuvitij of the head. Every head made from 15 to 40 grains of opium ; and they would have yielded more, coald he have attended closely tt, the plants. A piece of ground, six yards by ten, produced more than half a pound of opium. He sowed the seeds Jl JVeiu Pump. — The Lochport Observaj states that a person in the vicinity of that pi has invented a pump, by means of which, his tit can pump water for the.'iiselves. A well is in his pasture, in which the pump is plac troun-h (,!'" receive the water ; in approaching S troiiirh, the ' jioast must of necessity step ii|,on platform, whici.\^eing slightly pressed down, set tiie pump in opei^ion, and a supply of .rpter soon obtained. "-^^ . In evidence of the extrei ' ° distress of the Iris poor, it is stated that besides" those in the puh^l" streets, there were others houi^"-'' '« lanes garrets " v ithout even a particle of scri".^4' '^'^ co' cring, much less of food, and in this state tnelC-* mained until they expired of absolute famine !" for imitation. 2. To tell of witchss, ghosts, and goblins, coming down chimney, if they cry; where- as children should be taught that, if they behave well, nothing can harm them ; such superstitions, impressed upon young minds, arc rarely gotten rid of .'i. To direct a child to act like a man ; whereas it is not often becoming for a little boy to ape the man, but only to conform his demeanor to his age ; every age has its own peculiar de- corousness. [Galaxy.] A project has been stated in England to erect a at the distance of eight or ten inches apart jn T^"' '''°" """Se across the Thames, which is ex- ^ ' pected to cost only 63,.500Z. *Thn careful country practitioi opium in the above ways, should t two kiiids. r, who may raise (he effects of the tPhiladulphia Medical .Museum, Hesade, 2d, vol 1 p 142. t:Medical Repository, Hexade 3d, vol 1, p. 193. Important JVewsfrom Europe. — By an arrival New York, we have received the important int gence, that the British government are deter; ed to assist the Portuguese in their attempt to port a constitutional government. Hostile inn have been made by Portuguese refugees, assisl by Spanish troops, into Portugal. In this stat things, the British government hiive ordere' large arraauent, consisting of one 80 gun ship, fou 74's and several smaller vessels, to proceed imme diately to Portugal, to assist the Constitutioi government. The land forces amount to 5000 and are commanded by Gen. Clinton. A letter from London, of the 14, ult. received this city, says, "it is generally believed tl Franco is at the bottom of the aggressions upl Portugal, notwithstanding her protestations to the contrary. Judging from appearances, I should sa) we are like to have a general stir on the Contin- ent, although many think the steps taken by Mill' isters will be tl.e only sure way to prevent it.— All public securities have fallen very much during the week — South American have gone down fuS ten per cent." CONGRESSIONAL. Senate. — Bills to provide for taking evidence in the Courts of the U. S. and to authorise thf .■sale of Salt Springs in Missouri, passed. Petition.' were presented and referred on the subject oi French spoliations. A bill passed providing a lo cation of two townships in Florida, in aid of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum of Kentucky. ol. V No. St). NEW ENGLAND lAHlMER. 207 )i sE. — Mr Burgess' Bill to provide for the >rs and soldiers of the rovoliition«ry army was issed, and a sub.^litute to the original bill was ted in Committee of the Whole. A resolution d thiit t!ie Secretiiry of the Treasury be di- ■d to report to the House a statement relative e Slims received and expanded for the relief :k and disabled seamen, &c. A number of ions were presented, amoncf which >verc ?i.\ the wool-growers and manufacturers of dif It parts of the New England States, priiying er aid from Congress in their pursuits. The etavy of War was directed to report to the ;e the name and rank of each officer of the lilutional Army, who served to the end of the ilutionary War, and who were by the re- B of Congress, entitled to half pay during tc. A resolution relating to the appointment arges des Affaires, with an amendment re- ; to the compensation of Ministers and Secre- 5 of Legation appointed to Panama, passed af- ebate. A bill was reported providing for an ase of the v;iluationoi imported manufactures )ol, &c. The bill making appropriations for syment of Pensioners was passed and sent to Senate. The House refused to consider Mr gston's resolution for the relief of thfi auf- zs of the Greeks. MASSACHUSETTS LEGiS".!^ PURE. NATE. — A messaga was ■^,„je.ved from the ■rnor relative to the prpjeedings of Commis :rs in surveying and dividing public lands be- n Massachusettfj and Maine, which was refer- o the Committee on Public Lands. Likewise ■ssage trarig,^j{(ing copies of a report to ss in th*- boundaries between Massachusetts and _cticut. A resolve passed making a further opriation for the support of Deaf and Dumb Dns. The bill to regulate the measure of po- *as denied a second reading. )t:se. — A bill was committed to provide for establishment of a Poor House, and House of ustry. The Judiciary Committee was instruct- -j consider the e.xpeciency of so extending the -er of Justices of the Peace, as to allow them diction in civil actions where the debt or dam- does not e.xcced the sum of twenty-five dol- The same Committee was instructed to in- 3 whether any measures should be adopted to ent the waste, &c. of real estate, when under ttachmcnt. A Committee was appointed to re- on the expediency of regulating by law the th of axle-trees of wheels running on the pub- ;ighways, and drawn by more than one beast, for the encouragement of broad rimmed els. The Committee of Finance was direct- 0 inquire into the expediency of enforcing an tional duty on sales at Auction of imported as. A select Committee was appointed on so h of the Governor's Message, as relates to the •essed state of our Woollen Manufactures. A lution and order were submitted for the grant 1000 each to the Trustees of seven of the in- lorated Academies in the state, for the purpose mabling them to procure apparatus, and em- ■ Instructors to teach the Practical Arts, &c. elect Committee was chosen on the subject of nding the Militia-Law. The report of Messrs. gwick, Parker, and Savage, Commissioners on subject of an Institution for Instruction in the ;tical Arts and Sciences was ordered to be printed. The (Jommittee on Agriculture wa.>5 in- structed to inqwiro if ;iny and what rogul-itions can be adopted to prevent the growth of Canada 'J'his- tles in this Commonwealth. A report was submit- ted that a Statue of the late John Adam.-:, be pro- cired from the hands of the first master, and be placed iu the Djric Hall of the State House. The bill to prevent the practice of shooting at tamo fosvis, &c. was indefinitely postponed. On the l''lh the House proceeded to the choice on its part of a Senator of the United States, and the Hon. Klij.ih H. Mills was chosen on the part of tiie House. The votes being for E. H. Mills 10(3, W. C. Jarvis 67, J. Mills ^L Gov. Lincoln 3, J. T. .\ustin, H. Orne, and H. Shaw, one eaqh. [Oh Wednesday the Senate non-concurred with the above, the votes being, for E. H. Mills 9, J. Mills 2C,, Gov. Lincoln 1, W. C. Jarvis 2, N. Willis L] See toyour Fires.--The present inclement season admnni ilies every one, of the necessity of taking care «;{ fire. The repeated accidents which daily ocr- ? tVom neglect in this particular, have a •va';iiing voice which ought to reach every one, and e.xcite to the utmost care. A single neglect has ruined many a fine fortune. ff'ar. — Two boys going home one day, found a box in the road, and disputed who was the finder. They fought a whole afternoon without coming to a decision. At last they agreed to divide the contents equally, but, on opening the box, lo and behold I — 1? ivas empfi/. Few wars have been more profitable than this to the parties concerned. More than $100,000 to the Connecticut River Company were subscribed at Hartford in two days last week. The Sierra Leone Gazette contains an account of H French Capt^dn's throwing (iS slaves over- board, when a French crii er approached him. We perceive by a Canada paper, that during the absen'^e of Major somebody from his country seat, bis daughter — shocking to relate — married a 'Com- mon, person !' The whole ' nobility of Canada ' are in tears. The expenses of supporting the poor in Nor wich, Eng. is more than half the whole rent of the city. (ly'A liberal price will be paid at the office of the New England Farmer, for twenty pounds of Onion Seed, — red and silver skin, — warranted of last year's growth. IVooh. > WHITNEY, CABOT & CO. No. 12, Centra! street, offer for sale, 75,000 Iba. inspected or stapled Wool, comprising 12 sorts, which is recommended to the manufac- turers.— and orders for the same will be exe- cuted on fair terms. Ai.so, 15,000 do. F.nstern and !Vew York washed Lambs do. 25 bales Peruvian 18 do. Adrianople 9 do. Spanish > WOOL. 1 do. Saxony 22 do. coarse spinning Particular attention iriven to the selling: of AMERI- CAN FLEECE and FOREIGN WOOLS, on con signment, and advances made thereon when required. .Tan. 5 WANTED— A man with his wife to take charge of a valual le dairy and vegetable Farm, within "oe mill of the centre of Salem. To one who cau produce un doubted recommendations, liberal terms will be offered None other need apply. E. HERSEY DERBY. Salem, 5th January 1827. Map of .Vetc-Eiigland. .lUST publish, d. anil for sale at the office of the Boston Daily Advertiser, A MAP of the States of Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Masiachiisetls, Rhode-lslaud, and Connetli- cut,— with the adjoining parts of New York, Lower- Canada, and New Brunswick, l)n a scale of eight miles to an inch — exhibiting the situations and boundaries of all the principal roads, streams, bridges, mountains, churches, villages, &c. Compiled from a careful corapari-on of all the pub- lished maps ami charts, and all the surveys, drawings, and other documents which would aid the undertaking, known to the compiler, in the public oftjces, or in the hands of individuals, and from personal examination of many parts of the countiy ; And carefully engraved in the neatest and most ap- proved style, by a skilful artist, who has devoted the most assiduous attention to the work. BY NATHAN HALE. Price to subscribers, fire dollars for plain copies, on cloth and rollers, or folded in a esse, at their option : and six dollars for copies put up in the same manner coloured and varnished. The puhlicaliou of this map has been hitherto de firred, in consequence of the delay incurred in pro- curing them to be coloured and mounted in a neat and >atisfartory manner, in such numbers as to supply the demand ; and in the mean time a few inconsiderable errors have been discovered and corrected. Jan. 19. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - . BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - nUTTFR, inspect. No. i. new, fllEESE, new milk, . . - . skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rye, best, . . - GRAIN, Rye - - - - - Corn - - - . Barley - - . - Oats - - . - - iMGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - ilOFS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover . - - . WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native - - - do Fulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinning, lit sort PROVISION MARKET. BEEl'', best pieces . - - . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, . . - VEAL, MT'TTON, POULTRY, -..-,. BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, V1EAL, Rye, retail, . - - . Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - - D. ■bl 2 00 2 25 on. 85 00 37 00 i05 00 loa 00 Mish 1 50 1 75 .hi. 9 25 9 50 7 25 7 50 5 50 G 00 lb. 14 17 7 9 3 6 10 11 jush 90 1 00 ibi. 6 00 6 50 6 ;,5 6 50 lush 93 95 70 72 1 00 1 05 53 55 lb. 9 10 10 15 cask 8.S 90 gal. ton. 75 2 50 80 2 62 bbl. 13 00 14 00 10 50 11 00 10 75 11 25 bush 2 50 3 00 lb. 9 10 30 20 28 23 20 32 32 45 30 33 28 23 40 26 30 lb. 8 10 5 6i 6 10 4 8 7 10 17 20 2 2.T bush 911 1 00 9(1 1 00 3- 2 bbl. 1 2ft 1 75 208 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. iy. 18a^ iK[iscEi.i.Ain:z:s. A man who is now keeping a large school.with- in six miles of our office, and who has kept three seasons before, at $'2C> per month, lately gave the following answers to the following questions : — Q,. How many JVeiu England states are there ? Ans. Twenty-three. Q. Which is the largest state in the Union ? Ans. Philadelphia is the largest, but New York does the most business. Q,. What part of speech is the word beit — e. g. he is the best man in town .-' Ans. A regular neuter verb — indicative mode, present tense, third person singular, and agrees with he — a verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person ! Q. What is seven times nine ? Ans. Eighty-one. Q,. Spell benefit. Ans. Bennifit. Q,. Spell beneficial. Ans. Beunifecaii. Q. Spell Wednesday. Ans. Wendesday. Unpublished Letter of Di: Franklin.— The fol- lowing characteristic letter of Franklin, which, we belie\^, has never yet boon published, was com- municated, to Mr Schwartz, of Hamburgh, by a nephew of Dr. Prica, who found it among his un- cle's papers. The friend who has sent it to us for publication, lately received it frofti Mr Schwartz, in Hamburgh. The guod town, to whose history it relates, has now its steeple and bell, but, we hope, not at Uic expense of the parish library : Passy, Mar. 18th. 1785. Mr Dear Friknd— My nephew, Mr Williams, will have the honour of delivering you this line. — It is to request from you a list of a few good books, to the value of about twenty five pounds, such as are most proper to inculcate principles of sound reliiiion and just government. A new town in the State of Massachusetts, having done me the hon- our of naming itself after mc, and proposing to build a steeple to their meeting-house, if I would give them a bell. I have advise'd the sparing themselves the expense of a steeple at ir^^sent, and that they would accept of books instea '''' « Q,. Spell Tuesday. Ans. Teusday We solemnly assure our readers, that very many ^gj| ggnse beinc preferable to sound. These are of the persons who keep our common schools, ', ,]^gj.pf|jj.g intended as the commencement of a Fi-om the Palladium. The King of England has approved the the Nova >Scotia Legislature, for working the| mines of that Province. It was lately moved in the House of Assel in Barbadoes to stop the pay of the troops t| because public money had been used without f appropriation. Several Factories, which have lately heel fire, have been saved from destruction by ln| plnstercd rooms. From some experiments, a few years since in England, it appeared iiigs could be made completely inr-ombustibl plaster, provided it was put on so as to exclul air from the wood work. The distance from Hallowell to Quebec i^ 211 miles — half in Maine and half in Canal The road would, before long, be among the ! travelled in America. Tlie mail might be ca in two days. Doubts are expressed in England, whether , elor's opinions on certidn subjects can b( 'like those of husbands and fathers. winter after winter, are men who are thus qualiti- jj^jg j.q^.|j-j,^[ i;i,y^yy for the use of a society of 'Bitf'le}/. — Two or more cargoes of this, ed. And they are often men too, who have had i ^^^^^[1-^^^^ j.gg gp^j,;,),, fa^rmers, sucli as our coun- I now ivi North Market «Uv. t, (opi>o»ite Fanueil Uall).-THO'«AS <- * ""^BOSTON, FlllDAY7jA^iUAKY 26, 1827. '"1S^27. I tl 1 (J 1 N A L t*Al^iJtiJ^j„, ~~forT:st trees. AR Sill— The other queries, rcmniuing to bo d, relate to the cultivation of the I'itch , oJar, Cherry, and European Walnut, he cones of the Pitch Pine, (Pinus Rigida} 1 j ho coUecteJ at the same ticne, and the seed ncd and sown in the same manner, as drrected lioso of ilie White Pine, in the numbers of the ! ICnaland Farmer,* allnried to in my note of itli inst. ; but instead of usinjt pots or ho:iCs emini.rics, beds of light loamy mould are quite >od. and may bo prepared as for the seeds of lock Maple : hut those of the Pines should not red more than half an inch deep, chaux states that, "whenever the Pitch Pine .)W in masses, the cones are disposed singly tho branches, and, as I have learned by cwi- . observaiion, they release the seeds the first mil after their maturity ; but on solitary stocks sed to the buffeting of the winds, the cones :oll.?cted in groups of four, five, or even a lar- nu:nber, and remain closed for several years." ii latter assertion I have in part verifiedjdur- M>.' last autumn and present winter, and have istpr of cones, consisting of'twelve on the end le stem, which was cut from a tree in this . in November. Being placed on a table in tny ry, in which tliere was a fire;, the scales in:% hours began to open, making a snappinsr re- as each was disengaged, like timt of burning lock or chestnut wood. In a few days all tlie were disclosed, and readily released by a ._ shake of the inverted cones, rom tne peculiar form and disposition of the ibr lueous wing, attached to the see. is of this, of nearly all the cone bearing trees, they ac- e a ra|)id rotary motion on their axis, as they end to th« ground, which can be readily per- ed by letting one drop from the hand, held a- : the head. n cxamiLing, last week, the cones of the scat- d and exposed trees, from which I collected 3 in November, I found that the scales of a e portion of them had opened and the seed es- but still enough remain sealed up to satis- ._, that a Sufficient quantity can yet be collect- in any part of the country, where the trees md for forming seminaries the coming spring, nd you a few gathered on the 12th insl. which lowed to remain in a warm room, you will }dily both hear and see open, and be able to nine the symmetrical and beautiful conforma- of the receptacles for these curious and deli- dy constructed sesds, which those of all the ■iVs of Pines, and of the other resinous or co- rous trees of this country resemble, except the roas, Ciipressus Diglicha, the Red and the thorn White Cedar, — differing cheifly in the , and but slightly in the form of their membra- ■is wings. he Pitch Pine is chiefly used as fuel ; some tar .ever is made from it on the shores of Lake implain, in New .Tcrsey, and a few of the west- , . .i .sliites ; but that imporliiiit article is chieily obtained from the southern Loug-Lcavcd Pine,— Pinus Aiistridis. See New England Farmer, pages 57 and (15 ot current volume. CET>Ar,S. The trees bearing this name in the United States re the following: tiie Red C^MxT, Junij/cius Vir- ,;ini(ina,—lhe \Vhite Cedar, tv.pressuif Thjnil'-s, and the American Arbor Vitie or northern White Cedar, Thuya QrxidtntaHs. The first and lust are the only species indigenous to the New En-hnd slates. According to Michaux, the Red Cedar is spread along the sea coast of the United States from M.iine to Mexico, but rarely extending further in- land tlian the tide ceases to flow ; that, " the male and fcnialo flowers are small, iiotcouspicuous, und borne separately on the saR\e or on different stocks. The seeds are small, ovate berries, blueish wlien ripe, and covered with a white exudation. They arrive at maturity about tlie beginning of the fall, and if sown immediately, the greater part of them shoot the following spring, but not befo/e the sec- ond year, if they are kept several months." Not having raised this tree from the seed, I can only give you the methods generally pursued by the most approved writers on arboriculture. Mr Mahon, a celebrated practical gardener for nearly thirty ye\irs, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, *ives the following directions for preparing the seeds of the Red Cedar, as well as those of the ha wtliorn, me/ereon, juniper, and holly. " When you collect these seeds in aiitum.n, mix tbcm with "e.pjal quantities of liglit sanclf okrtii, ■und lay them in that slate on the surface oT a dry spot of ground where they cannot be disturbed by bogs, &c. ; form this mixture into a narrow, slop- ing rit'se, tapering to the lop, and cover it wit!, light, loose earth, two inches thick all over ; the April following, turn this ridge, mixing the whole together, and form it again in the same way ; re- peat this again in the nonths of Jidy and August,! by which the seeds in everj part will be equally prepaied for vegetation. A trench must be cut round this rid^fe to prevent any water from lodging about the seed ; for this would rot many and in- jure others, especially in the second winter, when the stones would be losing their cementing quality and begin to open ; for until this is effected, the kernfds cannot vegetate." Early in the second spring prepare beds in the manner recommended for the seeds of the Rock Maple, and sow the berries, with the earth i« which they had been prepared, but covering them less than half an inch deep. If the top of the beds should become dry and stiff, about the time the plant,? begin to appear above the ground, they should bewatered often, but gently. As tlie young plants are very tender and cannot bear much heal, they should be' shaded during the day in the man- ner recommenilcd for young Plane, trees. The Hieds must be kept clear from weeds throughout the summer, and in the autumn, some rich loam, nii.xed with asjies, scattered over them, and then it is best to spread decoyed leaves, or tanners' bark, between the plants to protect their roots from the severe frosts of winter. The following April, or early in May, the plants should be pricked out in- to beds, eigiit inches asi.ndrr i acli w»y, where they must a'maiii two years nn'. then be planted tout, eighteen inches apart, in rows three feet asun- der ; or thi^' plants may remain in the seminary tjyo years, \ind then be removed directly to the nunnery ; bijl in either way they should be taken up with a trowel, or. some like instrument, being careful to preserve as much earth as possible about the roots, ^\'hc•n planted out they should bo im- mediately walened, and if it should prove very dry weather, this must be occasionally repeated. I liave seen hedges made of the Red Cedar, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and some of the more Southern States; and the Rev. Henry Colman of Salem, having informed me, a few ye^ars since, of a new mode of preparing the berries to facilitate tiicir germination, for this purpose, which was communicated to him by the lion. B. Washington, I recently requested him to transmit me an ac- count of it, which he has done, and is as follows : " I liave no written account of Judge Washing- ton's cultivation of liis hedge. When at Mount Vernon, some years since, he showed me a hedge which enclosed his garden, composed of the com- mon Red Cedar— as well as I can remember, of about eight years old, neatly trimmed, forming a beautiful fence, and a sufficient protection against cattle. The great difficulty in the cultivation of nursery plants of the cedar, with a view to their use as a live fencf«, lu^s consisted in the very slow and uncertdin germination of the seed. The ...eds, as you-wcdl know, are enclosed in a gelatin- ous covering, Which when deposited in the ground, i« liable to .Secome so hard as to prevent the sprouling of the seed, so that it may be in the ground for half a century without starting. He informed me that his gardener had a method, whicdi obviated this difficulty. He first soaked the seeds in warm soap suds, and then rubbed them AMth a stone like a painter's, so as to disengage them from their covering ; and then planting them they came up, the first year, as readily and cer- tainly as any other seed." " I admired the appearance of his fence. He informed me that it bore trimming and clipping well ; its growth was vigorous and healthy ; and in many par's of our country a handsomer fence, since it is an evergreen, or a cheaper and more •lurable fence could not be made. It has a rusty appearance in winter, but in its best season, es- pecially when due pains were taken in training it, 1 should deem it a beautiful plant." The Cupressiis Tliyoides is known by the name of ffhite Cedar in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, but in the more southern states, by that of Juniper.. It is rare north of the mouth of Connecticut river, but abounds in the swamps and xtensive marshes of th-- Middle States, Virginia, and North Carolina. It obtains a greater size than the Arbor Vita?, or Northern White Cedar, reaching 70 or 80 feet in height, with a diameter of three feet. " The foliage is evergreen: each leaf is a little branch numerously subdivided, and composed of small, acute, imbricated scales, on the back of which a minute gland is discerned with the lens, lu the angle of thesn ramifications grow the <^ ers, which arc scarcely visible, and which R 2101 NEW ENGLAlND FARMEil. Jan. 96, 1S37. mA .l«- verv amall ru«ged rones of a -/reerish tint, which I merit of this tree is its brilliant veget:ition, which a sharp spa.le, cut the descending roots about changes to blueish towards "the fall, when they i venders it, wlien in bloom one o. the most beauti- j or eight inches underground, casting back ti t rele-ise the fine seeds "* j ful proJuctions oi the southern part ot ths United j garth when done. This will cause them to thrJ ^'^Thircedar has been loug introduced and culti- i States, and is selected by tlie inhabitants to plant out a number of lateral roots, and in the spriJ vated in Europe as an ornamental tree. The ' about tLeii: houses,as it grows with rapidity and af- 1 foUowiig, they can be transplanted, with safej wood is very valuable and extensively used for ! fords an impenetrable shade.- It is too delicate to ^ into the nursery,"* where they may remain un fences, shingles, works of joinery, and by the [ support our winters. „ R. 1 Phpr ^'' ° n^'f '' '"'"' ^'"^' r w", " "'" rT^' °f 'S coopers, in those districts of country, where it i* i The Cera»* Borea/».,-the small, or Red Cher- 1 ^g all the species of Walnuts, Chesnuts a] . ,.' ' Mh\ "is common, onlv in the Northern States, Btec!i-nuts. The American Arbor Vits orWhita CedarfTAu- [Canada and Nova Scotia. I Before planting the nuts throw them into a tl ya Occidentalis,) Michau.x observes, reaches "45 1 The Choke-Cherry which grows in most of the of water, to ascertain whicli are sound, as thi or 50 feet in hei-rlit and sometimes more than 10 Northern States, and a species bearing very small will sink and tlie imperfect float on the surface..r feet in circunderence ; usually, however, it is not f^uit. "Inch I have only see*, on th9 flanks of tie This critertoa will answer for all kinds of sed more tlian 10 or J5 inches in diameter. From the Vvhite IliUs near the Notch are not described by ; from the most minute to tlie largest, for unrijl nuniberandthedistinctnessofthecorcentrioalcir.Michaux-,-but neither of them are valuable for ; mouldy, blighted or defective s,ed will not sin cfes in .tocks of this size, its growLr must be ex- their fruit or wood ; bemg rather large shrubs; For obtaming the bes varieties of nuts havJ than trees. ] the thinnest shells and the largest kernels, buddij " The Wild Cherry is one of the largest produc- , or inarching must be depended upon. TheseJ tions of the American forest,"j: and is extensively the general modes by which the choice kinds i treinely slow : I have counted 117 in a log 13 in ches and 5 lines in diameter. The sexes aro sep- arate upon the same tree. The male fiowevs arc ... • , i r i- .. i . , • , . ,, in the form of small cones: to the female blossom "«ed in the arts, particularly for turniture. In obtained in Europe. succeeds a yellowish fruit about four lines in planting groves for timber this tree should not be. The following are the directions for budding] «,u..^^>.— ". j^.._...... ..-.- — --. ---^ iief^lecled. Loulou's Encyclopedia of Gardening. length, composed or oblong 50116.=;. vvnicli open "<=d'»-^'->- ,-.jr ■ ■ » ,r / /-r ,; <■ 1 , 1^ . . , , , .; stones siou d be collected as soon as the Iruit is • nut, ('/us-Zans CatharticaJ so com that "it is never seen on tne uplands among tne .s-i^neb .uuu , „„.,„,,„ nr ti ' - - • ■ ■ • • ~ . ,, , ., 1 „ 1 „„ „(• riue nreserved in dry sand until autumn, or tl. beeches, Sic. but is found on the rocky edges of '^'P*' picoci j _ . , .„ rivulets and small lakes, or in swamps, — abound next spring, when they must be sown in drills and covered rather more than an inch deep. When mg exactly m proportion to tlie degree of humidi- , , u„ „i„„toi^„t "„ rr,, , 1 ■ 1 T I !•• . 1 oiic or two VBars old they should be planted out ty." Those, however which I have cultivated are oni- "' luu jcui . ■'^ . , • .„,„ .,,.„,> ■^ . ', , ,, ■,,.-,, tl thn ni.rsiRrv. .Tt least a foot apart, in rows three on a rather dry and gravelly soil ; but rich loam and compost manure have been liberally placed about their roots and the free from weeds. in the nursery, at least a foot apart, in row or four feet asunder. The same attention must inoii m J Northern States ; but it is doubtful whetlier the I bud of the European Walnut would take on any ol I the eight species of Hickory. From the vast importance and the apparent facik ity of replacing the rapidly decreasing groves forest trees, I am cheered with the hope, that oul • th b t 1 1 tie bestowed upon their cultivation, as has been industrious and enterprising farmers will soon be" ° recommended for the other trees raised from the , induced to exclaim, with the good, old, enthusiis- _,, . , ,-. . , , J ■ . -CT seed The native black cherry makes very good i tick Evelyn, — " Let us arisc tiie.n aind i-lavti "The Arbor Vita, was introduced into Prance ^^^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^ j^ 1 ^.^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ rharmi.g and useful, more than 200 years since. The superior beauty , = ^^^^ .^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ , ^^^^^ ^,^^ ^^_,^^^^ ^^^ preservation of such goodly of us form and foliage entitle It to preference ovei^y plantations." Respectfully, the Chinese r/ixi/a, as an ornament of pleasure aescuueo. 1 v„„v ,„„..t ^hv =/rl't ,,•',. n- 1 • rr ■ t WALNUT. 1 our inost Ob t serv t, grounds, and the quality of its wood is a sutricient - .. . . •■. ■ o) „,„,.-!,„« Of the eleven known species of this tree, ten of 1 H. A. S. DEARBORN, motive for propagating it in our improved raai =hes ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^ ^^J ^^.^^^j g^^^^^^ ^_^^ j,^^ . ^ ^^^^^_ Roxbury, Jan. 23. jn the north of Europe, t ,.., "Common European Walnut"-7HgZa»» Begia,w:as : . The wood IS very durable and much "^e^l >n the P ^^^. ^^ ^ ^^^_^^^^ _ RECLAIMED MARSHES. Eastern states for fence posts rails sningle , . ^^^^^^ .^ y .^ ^^^ ^^^^_ ^^.^_ j_ planking small boats, net floats or buoys, and van- ■ "- , , , m, r< • „c!„ i* ;„ ,".,„,',. .1 ^ ^1, .,hiHt„ ;i 'ral state on the borders of the Caspian Sea. It is ous utensils for domestic use. i' or durability it is only surpassed by the Red Cedar. j fruit and the wood, which is much used by the CHERRY. cabinet makers, and for gun stocks, but for the There are five species of this tree which belong ( latter purposes our Black Walnut, — Juglans Nigra to the United States ; the largest and moat vaUia- 1 is rnucli superior. ble of which, both on account ef the fruit and the | For raising the plants, the nuts should be col- wood is that generally called the wild cherry, but j lected as soon as lipe, and preserved in dry sand more commonly in New England the Black Cher- 1 until April, when they must be planted about two ry, Ctrasus Virginiana. 1 inches deep, and four inches apart, in drills a foot The Cerasus Caroliniana, or Wild Orange Tree asunder, where they may remain for two years ; is an evergreen and is mostly confined to the is- but as "ihey send down long tap roots, it is best, when they have one year's growth, to open in the spring a small trench close to each row and with Michaux the elder found it growing, in the natu- Mr Fessenden, — Much has appeared during' ultivated very extensively in Europe, both for its | jjjg p^gt yg^r, in your paper, on the subject of Re- lands on the coast of the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida. The fruit is not eatable, and the only * Michaux's N. A. Syka. t Ibid. North American Sylva. f Ibid. J Ibid. , Pliny, book 15, Chap. 25. ■laimed Marshes, as a probable improvement, from " diking out the sea," by a writer under the signa- tum of "F." from the New Bedforil Mercury, and by others. I think this an error, and presume from the in- telligence of the writers, that they will give due weight to the reasons alleged in support of a dif- ferent opinion. When great changes are proposed in Agricul- ture, which constitutes the employment ef so large I a portion of th« people, on whose successful labof I so much depends, it is due to the importance of the subject, to make a careful examination, and be ] well convinced, that an improvement will be ef- r.)l.V No. 27. NEW EN«I.ANIJ 1 ARMl J4, >2II ;ed, before uiu lent modes, ami liabils dcrivcil long experience, arc forsaken. he New Bedfoni writer states the circiimstfln- of the salt marshas about that place. These rly corrcsporul with the character applicable to in N'ew England. The disadvantages men- ed, 11) the culture of this land, are in a like de- e common to M — Such as the dist.mce — The e taken in culture— Making — Loading — Trans- ' 1 ting, &c. itc. — .\U of which it is reasoned "1^ kes them "a damage to the owner." Thnt se are di.'jadvantagcs, must be allowed. But to the extent urged. 'he hay makers are carried to the marslies,and there supported, by such an economical ar- gcment, that the labor and general expense.are discouraging to the farmers, as to this sort of perty. To prove this it appears, that no land gen- lly lots for a better price, or more readily. Tie ' too is often got for half the product, or on a* orable terms as upland growth. The eril of ught it suffers in common with otlier soils but in '•s degree. ?o with those of the grasshopper, rm, caterpillar,&c. though they are locally and tially aiBictiye, yet it ia beliered that the failure a crop from these or other incidental causes is s freqaent in this than in other soils. The demand for this hay by the farmers in the erior, with othef causes, has led to a very suc- •sful practice of intersecting and draining the irshes by ditches,which hag had the effect to in- Base theqsantity but more especially the quality ithe grass. This mode has been so universally beneficial •it it cainnot be too highly recommended. But the price mentioned by the New Bedford iter, viz. •S.'SO — f}7'> and even $]00 — at whicii e land is estimated, there is a powerful persua- e of its utility,and a test of value which in gen- al may be relied upon. The estimation of salt «r=h it is believed is increasing in this neighbor- lod and in many instacces its value exceeds the ices above quoted. Holding the opinion, that an acre of the best It rnar=h is worth as much, as an acre of any -ass land whatever, and that a change to gra:,ing md, as proposed by some, or to purposes of cul- re, as urged by others, in your paper, would dis- ipoiut expectation, and lead to a worse than use- ss expenditure, it is incumbent on me to sjiow Dw far this mode of thinking is well founded. Amongst the advantages that belong to this soil, •er every other, it is to lie observed — That it re- jires little or no foncing--lt takes no manure from lie farmer's yard,but is recruited for the product it ields wholly from the sea: and it requires few or »ne of those natural or incidental labors and ex- Rces which are common to all upland, he product of the marsh is of great advantage 0 cattle, especially in the interior, as a change of ood, and as a gradual and natural supply, in the est state, of saline matter. This is apparent in heir thrift. It has long been known to our f»nn- rs, that the value of the manur* has been much ncreased where this fodder has been used. This ivas perceived, before the application of salt to the icil, was so strongly urtred, as it has of late been, n Europe; and it affords a strong practical test of ts benefit. In this country the price of snll is too /•igh to justify any very extensive use of it. But o fresh meadow grass, and to hay w hich it bc- ;ome8 necessary to stack, before it is sufiiciontly nade, salt is a mcst beneficial preservative, and ! the writer has long been in the use of several hogs- heads of it annually. But whon applied as a sub- stitute for the process of drying,or making,experi- once is against it. The value of sea weeds, &.C. whicli are spread over the surface of the marshes by the tides, and collected, and transported, for so many useful purposi's, with other advantages, need not bo urg- ed. We are sensible that to most farmers little or nothing'- new on this subject can be offered. But long established truths, are sometimes usefully re- peated, and reinforced, when ingenious and daz- zling theory holds out golden hopes to innovation. I shall in a future communication with your leave sliow how far experience is agaimt the change, and offer some observations on the proper uses of diking, &c. And am, iSir, yours. Boston, Jan. ^4, 18-27. JOHN WELLES. DOCT'R Hul^T'S INSECT. Mr. FEssE.iDEn — In your paper of the .5th inst. you request assistance in investigiiting tlie Pear tree insect sent from Northampton. The following is the result of an examinition made of the per- fect issect, and of the worm or larva which ac- I ompanied it. The former belongs to the order Kymenoptera, containing insects with membranous wings, and the tail armed with a sting or ovipositor. It is the SiREx Calumhn of Linno, or Tremex Columha of Latreille. The head and thorax are rust-col- oured, varied with black, ; the abdomen, or pos- terior part of the body, black, and banded with yellow, the bands (excepting the first one) inter- rupted on the back ; the tail armed with a short, robust spin* ; and r'rom beneath projects back- words the ovipositor, which is articulated to the centre of the abdomen, and this instrument is the awl, needle, or borer, which has formerly been mentioned. It consi.sts of three pieces ; the cen- tral one is straight, somewhat spear-pointed at the end, and protected by two lateral, grooved pieces, which when closed, form a hollow tube. This insect deposits its eggs in the trunks of trees, and the grubs or larvje feed on the wood, like other timber-eating larvae. When the female has selected a place in the tree, where she intends placing her eggs, she extricates the central nee- dle, or rather dart, from its grooves, bends it be- neath till it stands at a right angle with the body, and then plunges it into the wood : in the hole thus perforated she places an egg, which is con- ducted ' by means of the grooved pieces. The length of the ovipositor is from three quarters of an inch to one inch, and it often penetrates the bark and wood to the depth of half an inch or more. Sometimes the insect is unable to withdraw it from the tree, and perishes in the attempt, as was probably the case with the one sent you by Doctor Hunt. For a figure and scientific description of the fe- male, those who are interested are referred to Mr Say's American Entomology, vol. ii. The male does not appear to have been described by any author, a'though it agrees in many respects with the two other species described by Mr Say, yet I j think it must be distinct from both. It is extreme- i ly unlike the female both in colour and size, and j is not furnished with the remarkable ovipositor of the other sex. The specimen from which the fol- lowing description is taken is in a collectiom made by Mr .Totham Penton in 1798, and is still in good preservation. In the same collection are the sex- es of another species of the genus, of smaller size, and of a ferruginous or rust-colour. Tremex Columla. Male. Ferruginous, abdo- I men paler at the sides, posterior legs dilated, blackish. j Antenna; black, ferruginous at base and tip : wings piceous, iiervures blackish ; head and tho- rax as in the t'emale ; abdomen lUitleucd, gradually broader at the end, and terminated by a short, ser rated, blunt spine, .which is black at tip ; thighs blackish ; 4 anterior tibiae and -i first joints of the tarsi black at tips ; posterior tibia; and two first joints of the tarsi dilated, flattened, black, except , the superior third of the tibite ; last joint of the tar- sus ferruginous. Leni^th of the body rather more than one incli and one fiftli. The female varies in size ; the largest being about one and a half inch in length, exclusive of the ovipositor, and the wings expanding over two inches and one fourth. 'The eggs are elongated, oval, pointed at the extremity, and less than one twentieth of an inch long ; they are deposited during the month of Sep- tember. The worm which accompanied Doctor Hunt's Sirex is not the larva of a Sirex or Tremex, but of a Coleopterous insect, belonging to the Cekam- Byx family. The larva of the Tremex is whitish^ cylindrical, not attenuated behind, with a globular, prominent head, six short legs near the head, and a short spine over the posterior extremity. Before going into the pupa or chrysalis state it envelopes itself in a web or slight, cocoon, in which it remains un- til it assumes theperfect state. Those who have a curiosity to see the larva of our Tremex, may have an opportunity of examining one which (witli a specimen of the perfect insect) will be commit- ted to youY care. On comparison it will be found to have a general resemblance to the fignre of that of an European species in the 3d part of the Gth vol. of Shaw's General Zoology. An elm tree in this vicinity, which has lost most of its limbs, is a favourite place of resort for the Tremex Coluiiiba, and several other curious in- sects ; — around it, during the latter part of Au- gust and beginning of September, great numbers collect ; and often six or more females may be seen at once, employed in depositing their eggs. The males also occur in its vicinity ; but no one has been found as large as that described above. It has been said that the species of the Sirex family in the larva state live in decayed or putres- cent wood. Many instances can be adduced of their appetite for sound wood. It is very probable that the presence of these insects, like that of ma- ny others, is the cause and not the consequence of the decay of the trees in which they arc found. — It is stated in the London Zoological Journal that, iu the woods of Henham Hall, the seat of the Earl of Stanhope, two hundred Scotch firs have been destroyed by the Sirex Juvenevs, L.; their trunks being perforated through and through by the lar- vsE of this insect. Mr Marsliam, en the authority of Sir Joseph Banks, relates that several speci- mens of StuEx gigas, L. were seen to come out of the floor of a nursery in a gentleman's house, to tho no small alarm and discomfiture of both nurse and children. The larva must have existed in the boards or timbers before they were employed in building, and these materials would not probably have been ised if in a putrescent state. Yours, respectfully. Milton, Jan. 18th, 1827. 212 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 20. 1827J V<> From Loudonh Encyclopedia cf Jlgncalture. OF THE ROTATIONS OF CROPS SUITA- BLE TO DIFFERENT DESCRIPTIONS OF SOILS. The proper distritjution of crops, and a plan for their succco.^ion, is one of the first subjects to which a farmer newly entered on a furm requires to direct Li.i attention. The kind of crops to be raised are determined in a great measure by the climate, soil, and demand ; and the qu;>ntity of each, by the value, demand, and the adjustment of farm labor. In the iidjustrae.nt of farm labor, the groat art is to divide it as equally as possible throughout the year. Thus it would not answer in any situation to Bow.e.xclusivcly autumn crops, as wheat or rye ; nor only spring crops, as oats or barley ; for by so doing all the labor of seed time would come on at once, and the same of harvest svorU, while the rest of the year there would be little to uo on the farm. But by sowing a portion of each of the.-^e and otlier crops, the labor bath of seeJ-time and harvest is divided and rendered easier, and more likely to be done well end in eeapon. But this point is so obvious as not to require elucidation-. The succession or rotation of crops, is a point on which the :« 'fits of the farmer depend more than on any other. It is remarked oy Arthur Young, that the agricultural writers, previously to the middle of the eighteenth century, paid but little or no attention to it. They recite, he sayi^, courses good, bad, and execrable, in the same tone ; as matters not open to praise or censure, and uncon- nected with any principles that could throw light on the arrangement of fields. The first writer who assigned due importance to the subject of -o- tations, seems to have been the Rev. Adam Dick- son, in his Treatise on .'igricul.hire, ]iublished in EiJinburgh, in 1777; and soon afterwards Lord Kaimea, in his Ocniteman Farmer, illustrates the importance of the subject ; both writers were probably led to it by observing the elTects of the Norfdk husbandry, then beginning to be introduc- ed to Berwickshire. But whatever may have been the little attention paid to this subject by former writers, the importance of the subject of rotations, and the rule founded on the principles already laid down, that culniiferous crops ripening their seeds should not be repeated without the intervention of pulse roots, herbage, or fallow, is now " recognis ed in the practice and writings of all judicious cul tivators, more genarally perhaps than any other." Edit, nf Farmer's Mcig The system of rotatiims is adopted for every joi! though'no particular rotation can be given for any one soil which will answer in all cases, as some- thing depends on climate, and something also on the kind of produce for which there is the great- est market demand. But wherever the system of rotations is followed, and the several processes nt labor which belong to it properly executed, land will rarely get into a foul and exhausted state ; or, at least if foul and exhausted under a judicious ro- tation, " matters would be ranch worse were any other system followed." The particular crops which enter into a system of rotation must obviously be such as are suited to the Boil and climate, though as the valuable author go often qiioted observes, " thoy will be somewhat Taried by local circumstances ; such as the prox- imity of towns and villages, whare there is a greater demand for turnips, poiatoes, hay, &c. than in thinly-peopled districts. In general, beans and clover, v\ith rye-grass, are interposed between corn crops on clayey soils ; and turuijv?, potatoes, and clover and rye-grass, on dry loams and sands, or wiiat aVe technically known by the name of turnip soils. A variety of other plants, such as peas, tares, cabbages, and carrots, occupy a part, from a clayey to a sandy soil, other things bj equal, are more productive than such as h] grown on sandy soW.—Supp. Er.eye. Brii. Agr. !44. [To be continued.] WINES AND GRAPES We have before had occasion to speak of though commonly but a small part, of that division I fruit garden and vineyard of Mr William Sha of a fariri which is allotted to green crops. This i the corner of Prince and M'Oougal streets in order of succession is called the system of alter- ! city, and of tlie remarkable success of that gent nate hilshandry ; and on rich soilg, or such as have : nnu, not only in ^ine dressinnf, but in brinfjiijir access to abuu.dance of putrescent manure, it is' kinds of truits which will grow in this climate, certainly the most productive of all others, both in the fullest and richest perfection. And had it food for man and for the inferior animals. . One been for his commands to the contrary, we shoH'i"'' half of a farm is, in this co'irse, always under i more frequently have made our ackno'.vledo-emel some of the different species of eeretd g-rorHina^ for the several baskets of delicious fruits and the other half under pulse, roots, cultivated which he has presented us during the season, herbage, or plain fallow. • Of grapes alone, Mr S. has this year sticcessfii] But the greater parfof the arable land of Brit- 1 cultivated sixty-eight varieties, and, in addition! ain cannot be maintained in a fer;ile stmo under the bountiful supplies which he has generou: this management: and sandy soils, even though furnished liis friends, he has sold :J()(MI pound highly miuured, soon become loo incohesive under ^ gra|>es to a single purchaser the past season, o^ a course of constant tillage. It, therefore, be- 1 rich a vintage as to bring 45 cents per lb. As Id ctli!i comes necessary to leave tliat division or break that carries cultivated herbage, to be pastured for two years or more, according to the degree of its consistency and fertility ; and all the fields of a farm are treated thus in their turn, if they require it. This is called the system of conrerliUe hus- bandry, a re)jular change being constantly going on from aratiou to pasturage, and virc versa. Not to repeat the same Idnd of crop at too short intervals is another rule with regard to the sue cessioB of crops. Whatever may be the cause, whether it is to be sought for in the nature of the soil, or of the plants themselves, experience clear, ly proves the advantages of intro.'uiing a diversity of spscies into every course of cropping. When land is pastured several years before it is brought ajaiu under the plough, there may bo less need for adhering steadily to this rule ; but the degen- eracy of wheat and other corn crops recurring upon the same land every second year for a long period, has been very generally acknowledged. — It is the same with what are called green crops ; beans and peas, potatoes, turnips, and, in an es- pecial manner, red clover, become all of them much less productive, and much more liable to disease, when they come into the course, upon the same land, every second, third, or fourth year. — But what the interval ought to bs has not yet been determined, and ])robably cannot {from the great number of years that experiments must be contin making wine, it is well known that the exotic v.i| grapes, although they yield with great luxuria are not as sweet here as in the countries whe they are indigenous, and consequently tliey not sweet enough for wine. Mr S. however, hi been trying an e.\poriment by, 'niixing the foreij grapes with the luscious Isabella, which is inulj too sweet for wine, and the probability is, that j compound will make a very rich wine. Mr S. has lately sailed for England, where itl hi-i intention to visit all the principal nurseries,wil a view of making very valuable additions to tB horticultural treasures of our country. [N. Y.'Com. Adv.jJ NATURE OF SOILS. All sands are hot and dry — all clays cold ai wet ; and, therefore, the manuring sandy lam with clay, or clay lands with sand, is best, for thf changes the nature of the land itself; whereasi dung, and other substances, afford only an inferior and temporary improvement. Mixed soils, which incline to the clayey kind, are best for corn and pulse. But it is not the natural soil only thnt the farmer ought to consider, but the depth of it, and what lies immediately underneath it. For if the richest soil is only seven or eight inches deep, and lies on a cold wet clay or stone, it will not be so fruitful as leaner soils that lie on a better un- der stratum. Gravel is perhaps the best under i stratum to make the land prolific. Lllii 1,111' ued to give any certain result) be determined til the component parts of soils, and particularly I The best loams, and natural earths, are of a the sort of vegetable nourishment which each spe- 1 bright brown, or hazely colour. Hence, tfiey are cies of plant extracts from the soil, have been more called hazel loams. They cut smooth and tolera- fully investigated A change of the variet7, as well as of the spe- cies, and even the plants of the same variety, is found to be attended with advantage ; and in the latter case, or a change of seed, the species and variety being the same, the practice is almost uni- versal. It is well known, tliat of two parcels of wheat, for instance, as much alike in quality as possible, the one, which had grown on a soil dif- fering much from that on which it is to be sown will yield a better produce than the other that grew in the same, or a similar soil and climate. — The farmers of Scotland, accordingly, find that wheat from the south, even though it be not, a.s it nsnally is. better than their own, is a very advan- tageous change ; and oats and other grain, brought bly easy, without clinging to the spaite or plough share ; are light, fiiable, and fall into small clods without chapping or cracking in dry weather, or turning into mortar when wet. Dark grey, and russet mould, are accounted the next best. The vvorst of all.are the light and dark ash coloured. — The goodness of land may also be very well judg- ed of by the smell and the touch. The best emi°s a fresh pleasant scent on being dug or ploughed up, especially after rain ; and being a just propor- tion of sand and clay intimately blended, will not stick much to the fingers on handling. But all soils, however good, may be impoverished, an 1 even worn out by successive crops without rest, especially if the ploughings are not very frequent- ly repeated before the seed is sown. v.— No. NEW ENGLAIND FAUMEU. 213 ■«ii-. cxaaiine tracts of laml \v|iic-h have not In Massachusetts theie are 170incori)orated man ulfiviiteil, we linJ nntuve lias adapted differ- uC'icturino' companies, with an aggre^'ate oajutal of Js of plants to most of the distinguishal.le J-90,7(ir),00(». There are 5t Banks, with a capital of soils ; and althoiujh some belonging to of .«!(!, 100,000, of which 15 with $10,050,00 capi- lay from some cause or other, l)e found on 'a' '>■'« i" Boston. — There are also in the State 37 'a difi'crent qualitv, thev seMoin thrive, or Insurance Offices, with n capital of .•j;!),'J0(VI00, of I their seeds, so as 'to become general. The ^^^'''''-'i 32, with $(),bOO,00() c:ipital, are in Boston. sare of the fanner ought, therefore, to be, 'I'here are 10."? Turnpike Corporalions. There t-per mi.vt.ires, to reduce his land to that »re ti!» persons employed at the Custom House in Ind temporament in which the extremes of , B"ston. Id cold, wot and dry, are best corrected by ( thcr; to give them every possible advan- owing from the benign influences of sun ; to adopt such kinds of plants as they af- n this state cue greatest nourishment to ; renew tlicir fertility by a judicious isllow- f the most proper manures. Where these are done, there are few spots so unfriendly ivation as not to lenay his e.vpensos and la- ".'•I I'itli a plentiful increase. But without these, st tracts of land will in time become a bar- iistc. or produce little but weeds. Fanr.er''s Miifrazine, t NKW LOOM. I Horace Baker, of Westchester co. N. Y, has in- vented a loom that will weave cirpeting or diaper to any figure, with as much ease and rapidity as plnin cloth is usually woven — a little more po>»er being reqiiired. It may be attended by any person capable of tying the yarn. BORAGE. A writer in a Bavarian journal resommends sowing borage, and when it is full grown plough- ing it down as manure, the good ofTects of which he has proved by lojig experience. What renders r^.r 4 r>,-./-v . r 1 it preferable to most other plants for this purpose, CuAICt^UALi. . , ^ .•» r 1 , , , ,. , ^ , . .■ f ,\ /■ t,. „f IS the great quantity of sofla and other salts which are requested to notice, lor the safety of ._ >=. ; -^ .... ^ ^ " ""y .1 . .u ■)! . T>„ 1 ,t „ fl,.„ ;i i.„tiU 't contains : it may be sov.-n in April, and ploiigh- , that on the .'1st Dec. last, a nve n»il Kettle . •' . .,,.,,,, , J- J :„,„ ,1.' \i ,;.,„ G'l down in August, in time to be followed by rcoil, on fire, was carried into the .Vleeting; .. , , iu Orange, for the ])urpose of warming the j ' Tiie effect was.as might have been e.xpect- j Or«»gcs.— Mr White, the delegate to Congress N'limbers fell to the floor, and others were so f^„^ Florida, states there are annuallv gathered lally injured by mhaluTg the atmosphere,that ,.,,. gj. Augustine and in the vicinity i;.TOO,000 or- oal . not support themselves for sometime— ^ 3„„.gg ^,,3^^ ^^^ ^^,^3 ^^^^^ suppose.l to be 120 :ot li,e congregation immediately retired, it ^^^r^ o,,,^ ^^^ipj, bear at this time 4000 orancres ^eved numbers would have died. , g^^j, ^j^^ ^y ^^^^^ oranges, limes, lemons, citrons [Montpehcr paper.] ; „„^; g,-^,^^ „^y ^^ cultivated in Florida, in quanti- instince of sudden death from charcoal, oc- 1 tics sufficient to supply the whole U. S. 1 in this city on Saturday last. The coal had ; [Hamp. Gaz.] ^ :aken, kindled, from a fire place — One family | — n Saturday, a large pot of ignited " Scacoai" ] Hiimcane. — The editor of the Ralisbury Caroli- ooin, from a belief that the sort of coal would nian. who is an intelligent, tiii;!i telling yankee, harm, and it '\as <;il5oult to persna.-le them assures the public that in his statement about the move it. Indeed it was returned again after late hurricane in N. C. "the one half has not been once 'removed. One thing should be rccnl- told." He says he has been told by gentlemen of I, and that is that the deleterious effects of credibilty that " a large four horse waggon was rive no warning — they are not gradual — carried up and torn into a hundred fragments — the istantaneous. — Palladium. 'iVc being twiifd ofi" into half a dozen pieces; and such was the fury of the wind, it wrung geese's les srafUd an Oaks. — A recent French pub- necks off," &c. [IbiJ.] on announces, that M. Bomowskv grafted or ' _ !d rose contifolia, bicolor, lutea', semperflo- i io"^fC'Vy.— Joseph and Elizabeth Copeland, of and alba altissiraa, on the young shoots of ; P'-^^o"'''. "n this state, had 12 children, eleven of planted in potc, and placed in a green house. "'''°'" »''« "ow living, of the following ages : 90, semperflorens flowered the same year ; the ^^' S*'' ^■^' 81' '^' '^^ ''6> 71, fiS, G7. There is 9 grew but did not flower. Only one sort died, j 'lardly a parallel for thin.— [Ibid.] does not know whether they will last many or not, but he recollects other anomalies of iame kind. Ohio lohncco. — Many hogsheads of Ohio tobacco of the first quality, the growth of 182'5, have been inspected at Baltimore, and sold at from T9 to 14 PIGEONS. dollars per hundred. The cost of transportation the French law, the lord had a right to the \ ''™"i 0'"° t° Baltimore is .«2,50 per 100 pounds — g pisieons of his vassal. e.xcept in the March I '''''^ 0'"° farmers aver that tobacco at .$4 per Ilart'ib supposes that there were, iji his | ^'^"^"■^'^ at their farms is a profitable crop. [Ibid.] in England. 20,000 riove houses and allow- t^ . . ', \ ', '. \ ; nn ■ . u t 1 r u 1 i . 1 '* IS astimated that durino- the last year from •00 iiair to each house, and four bushels to he 1 » , , , , , ' ■.no laoi j^cii nuiu imed yearly by each pair, it makes the loss of :^yV^',T-T'' "T" ''"'"•^ been built in in a year, 1.15(100.000 bushels. In Persia, the I Philadelphia. In some places, entire squares have " . • J t 1 ,1 .1 -1 I c I • t I ueen constructed, jns are trained to kill the wild ones, of which • ement they are so fond, that a Christian is permitted to keep any ; and Tavernier, who ions this, adds, that some Christians have be- j Mahometans, merely to be cn'itled to this 1 lege. There were brought to the Centre Market, Charleston, S. C. in the quarter ending Dec. 30, 1826— 24fi.''j oxen, .580 calves, 25G2 hogs, 051 sheep, tj28 lambs, .5 goats, and .500 wagons with bacon, poultry, tallo.v, beeswax, butter, &c. POST OFFiCK IN FRANCE. The number of letters circulated annually in France, which pay postage, is about 00,000,000 and about an equal number which are transmitted free of postage, forming a total of 120,000,000 let- ters or packets, which are transmitted by the post. The three-halfpenny post at Paris receives annu- ally about 4,500,000, or nearly a si.xtoenth of the total receipts of all the posts. The greatest cor- respondence takes place in the month of January, and the smallest in the month of September From 2,5,000 to 30,001) IcUers arc daily put into the several post-offico bo.xes in the capital ; of which from 8,000 to 10,(J[()0 are the three-halfpen- ny post, and 3.5,Oi;o periodical sheets or prospec- tuses. Besides those, nearly 144,000 parcels are annually sent to Paris alone. A Great Yvld. — The subscriber raised in his garden the past year, from a single pumpkin seed of the common sort, nineteen Pumpkins, whose whole weight was 442 lbs, the largest 501bs the the smallest 10 lbs. average weight over 23 lbs. each. JACOB LOOMIS. Andover, Jan. 1827. [Hartford .Vdv.] It is proposed to extend the Dailij Line of Stages from Boston to Bangor, Maine. Of the Officers and Soldiers of the Revolution- ary army, who served six months and upwards, it is estimated that there are about 20,000 now living. Some persons conceive that the expedition to tile Tagns is a pretext for increasing the forces of G. Britain — that something beyond the affairs of Spain and Portugal is in view — that there is an understanding between France and England on the whole subject — and that Mr Canning did not go to Paris for amusement. The Senate of Germany has granted to the heir of Schiller a copy-right of his worhs for 25 years. Dr Rocamier, Physician of the Hotel Dieu. at Paris, thinks the tongues of bashful maidens blush when shewn to Physicians. The trade of G. Britain, with the United States, in 1825, amounted to £11,060,703 in which 181, 0.33 tons of American shipping was employed, and .37.852 of British. In 1824 it employed 42,802 British and 132,018 tons of American shipping. The Western States increase in their- relative number of Represeotatives in Congress ; but it is doubted whether the Southern States do. A Scotch paper says upwards of 10,000 sheep perished in Scotland in the snow storms the latter end of Nov. last. A citizen from Harlem has obtained from his majesty a patent for a new machine for spinning flax. [Dutch Pa.] On Monday last a sleigh arrived at N. York, from Albany, in 3 days, with 1600 wt. of poultry. — It came, of course, on the temporary Railway. The cultivation of Sugar Cane has been com- menced in the State of Alabama. A letter wis received in Chillicothe from the youngpr Lafayette, which was only 20 days in travelling to that place from Lagrange, via Havre and New York. A bill for a Grand Statf. Road and branches is before the Legislature of New Y'ork. Tl.o whole to extend over 447 miles — the cost not to exroed $2000 a mile— or the whole ,$814,000. To be finished in 1829. The funds are design.ated. 214 JNEW ENGLAND FARMER. IVlf^W FNCtT and FAHMER'. I'o*^^*^*^*^*^®^'"^^^'^^*'""'*^**^^^^'^*^' ^° ^^^^'^^"^" ^ cannot, sir, close this long essiiy wuhoi BOSTON, FRIDAY 26, 1827. ble breeder, even for this most HBiiatural crime, i pressing my regret that your correspoivient SWINE. ^Extract of a letter to the Editor, dated Gilsum N. H. January 19, 1827.] A few months since, I purchased a pair of j pondciit states, has given rise to this discussion. could it be traced to ii palliative cawse. A remarkable occurrence of this kind took place under my own view in tKt animal which has dis- seminated the Bedford breed of swine into most parts of the country, one of whicli, as your corres pigs of the Bedford breed,of Dr Fiske of Worces- g^e had brought two litters at a season when she ter, a male and a female, and have been antici- Lould be safely indulged in a yard abroad. On the paling the pleasure of rearing a race of swine | approach of the third she was removed to a warm- much superior to what is common among us, but { g^ pen. She brought forth as usual ; and at first have just met with a grievous disappointment. — : dij no injury, although slie seemed constantly un- My sow,the finest I have ever seen, both for shape ] easy. At the end of the first week she killed one. and for a propensity to fatten upon whatever food j jn the course of the second week she dispatched Was given her, has recently produced pigs, but I j another ; and at three weeks old she destroyed have lost them all. Some of them came dead, and .lie third. Suspecting the cause, and to preserve the rest died in about 24 hours after. The sow ■ t|,e residue, I restored her to her old resort, where not only refused to own her yo»ng, but attacked i s[,e became contented, and treated the survivors them with the ferocity of a tigress. Either the ; ^yith maternal affection. light or the sound of lier pigs appeared to fill her with the most ungovernable agitation and rage. — She sci/.ed one of her live pigs in tlie first place I have known but one case attended with the extreme ferocity mentioned by your correspondent. It was related by tlie owner. After furiously dis possess so much good sense and useful kuoM in the economy of husbandry, combined w much modest reluctance at being publicly as •public contributor to the common sti practical information. I have not the pleas a personal acquaintance \Tith the gentleman from letters I have occasionally received froi on subjects relating to husbandry, I am persi that few of your correspondents could conti more to the interest of your valuable publici could he overcome his reluctance and enhanci value of th» productions of his pen, by app»i his name. Let me ask hira with wliat pro| he can request me, impliedly, or any other oi correspondents, to tax their skill in adminisi advice for his pigs, without a reward, ampii most acceptable, — a/ef in kind ? Respettlully yours, O. Fli Jl'orcesler, Jan. 23, 1827. " mil .■1, i e W le 1 i«K i« In pill and would have dispatched it in an instant, if not patching tbo first, the remaining were removed as prevented. A dead one was then laid before her j f^gt as they were disengaged, to a basket outside to ascertain whether the cry of her pigs was all | the pen. Finding sne continued furiously mad, that excited her rage. Her lury was the same, ! and bent on further mischief, a cord was would seizing this with a quickness of which I had never j round hei suout so tight as to prevent opening ker moi:th. After fruitless attempts to get at her pigs, she became quiet and laid down as near to them ns possible, in an attitude, " grunting a note of affec- tion," inviting to their approach. All obstructions being removed, they cautiously crawled to her with mutual satisfaction. She reared them with usual care and kindness. The peculiar ferocity of these animals manifest- ed on these occasions, may be increased if not wholly caused by hysteric irrilabiUly. Sliould this be the fact, it does not follow, that a second yean- ins: would cause a similar excitement. This opio ion is inferred from analogy, ratlier than known from any demonstration ; as a repetition is not to be presumed where a first experiment lias proved so discouraging. I should not hesitate to risk th trial under a like commencement, if ths animal in all other respects was of the first character, and not easily replaced. If I succeeded, I should gain also in quality, as the young of all animals inijirove by succession. It is of great importance that Swine of all des- criptions, particularly those intended for breeding, should be rendered perfectly tame and gentle, th.it their enclosures may be entered at all times, and on any occasion, without giving alarm and exciting their resentment. This is easily done by gentle treatment and early accustoming them to the brush supposed a swine capable, she shook it with such force as to break its bones and tear its limbs. — Nothing we could do availed any tliinf to induce her to own them. ^The want of their natural sup- port, or disease, or both, soon terminated their Jives. A few hours after they were dead, I pre- sented one of them to the sow, her r;\ge appeared to be gone, she oflTered it no abuse, and I laid the rest before her, she moved them gently with her nOse. grunted over them a note of afiection, and appeared, now it was too late, to be disposed to treat them as her own. Her behavior to her young in both cases, appeared to me equally mysterious. Now Sir, if you, or any of your correspondents can communicate any information on this subject, tending to pi event such consequences, I should be much pleased to see it in the Fanner, as it may be beneficial to rai-.ny who are like myself, igno- rant of both the cause, and the remedy, for such an evil." [The above letter we enclosed to Dr Fiske, of Worcester, a gentleman abundantly able to throw light upon the subject, who politely sent us the following communication :] My Dear Sir — I have read with much interest the letter from your correspondent, which you did me the favor to enclose. I sincerely regret his diaappointmcnt ; and feel a peculiar indnceiuent Lf eyrrv-comb. No animal enjoys it more, or de- to contribute all in my power to prevent a repeti- tion of his misfortune. It is not uncommon for sows to destroy their first ofispring. It is more rare at a later period. In most cases where I have inquired into the fact, whether in old or young breeders, I have ascertained that they had been disturbed in some of their essential habits — either rives from it jreater benefit. Whila it increases their comfort, it adds to their health and growth, and serves in a great manner to correct their tem- pers and di.spositions. While on this subject, 1 take the occasion to state a fact of which farmers seem not sufficiently aware, which forcibly illu.strates the importance of from having been removed from their companiona 1 keeping their swine warmly housed in an inclera- — their range restricted — or from being removed i g^t season. Late in the autumn I put two shoals, from one pen to another. All these changes how- j ^iijch I had selected for breeders, into a warm ever, may be efi'ectcd with safety, hy allowing , p,^j.|osure in my barn. Theii size and other quali- them sulHcicnt time to beeoma accustomed to them I ties' were of an average with the rest which re four or five weeks at least. I have known sows | niained exposed to tlie weather, except when they do well with a second litter after having destroy- 1 rgturned to their nest There is at least a third ed a first, under one of the above mentioned ex- ,iiffercnce in weight in fiivour of those which arc citoments. Hence it wonld be unwise to condemn I housed, their keeping having been tlie same. CONGRESSIONAL. An important measure to wool growers has introduced in Congress, by Mr Mallary of Ven [Tariff of duties on H'oollen Cluods. On ofMr Mallary, the House resoWed itselfit Committee of the whole on the state of Union, (80 votes to .59,) Mr Buchanan in the and took up the bill "for the alteration of the imposing duties on Imports." This bill provides that, from and after the of August next, the duties on importations the United States of all manufactures of VVoi of which Wool is a component part, except ted Stufi" Goods and Blankets, whose value not exceed forty cents the square yard, a' place whence imported, shall be deemed to cost forty cents, and chrirged with the presei ty accordingly. If exceeding two dollars a ty cents, and not exceeding fourdol ars the si yard, to be deemed to have cost the latter and charged accordingly. Sec. 2d. provides, that all manufactured W» now chargeable with thirty per cent, duty valorem, shall, from and after the 1st of June, Jf. be charged With thirty-five per cent, duty; a after the first of June, 1829, be charged with for per cent. duty. If the actual value of such VVo^ ' at the place whence imported, shall exceed te ^ and not exceed forty cents per pound, it is to deemed to have cost forty cents, and cliarged in this section provided. Sec. 3d. provides that Wool, imported oa fl skin, shall, including the value of the skin, ' charged with thirty per cent, duty, till Aiijust 1827; and with thirty-five pei cent, till August 1828; after which time, a duty of forty per cci is to be charged. Mr M. explained the views of the Committi „ in an opening speech, of contiderakle length ; an | Mr Cambreling having indicated the groind o |, which the bill would be opposed, the House a journed.] {)5==As some of our patrons may receive ihi No. of the New England Farmer rather later tin usual, we trust that they will consider the tin) and labour, necessarily devoted to the removing c our apparatus to a new and more convenient ol fice, as a sutlicicnt apology. \ 1. v.— No. NEW ENGLAND FAIifVIKK. 215 i From the .MidJlclown Stntintt. SHAKER BARN. Starr — 1 lisiid you for tlie aur.usement )im;itioii of tiio practical farmer, a dcscrip- icji 1 hare verbnlly rcceiveil from a friend iving ill that vicinity, of a hiriro Barn, ait season, in the town of Hancock, re county. Muss, by the family of Shakers in that town. It is possible tliut in some the dimensions may be inaccurate ; but y rely tliat they are materially correct site and form are, probably unfit for any 1 purposes — very' few farmers would wish ct so much forage and manure, or have so j toe k at one place; but all wlio have any I ncc in tlic business, will agree that there ! in'^enuity and convenience, in the design, ! Te establishment. i Barn is built on ground inclining south- : in a perfect circle, and is ninety feet in i r, or acro-is it from side to side. The walls ' le, 'J"2 feet in height, of suitable thickness, ! 1 in lime or well pointed on each side. — tlie Barn, on the inner side, are stables a circle the manger within, and suitable over it to throw or feed down the hay ; the nd manger occupy about V2 feet, and are igli ; the stables open to and from several t barn-yards, in order to make as many ch I'.ivisions of their stock as tliey have proper. The covering of the stables forms rn floor, which also extends round thej There is but one large door way for en- i with teams and loads ; this is from the rn side, from an offset or causeway, 8 feet he base, and of course 14 feet below the The cart or wagon that enters with a' ikes the \T''iole circuit of the floor, and af- i lading comos out at the same door ; thus 8 ] !ams with their loads, can occupy the floor time in unloading, an«l not hinder each Within this circle of the stahlej and barn j « an area or bai/, as it is usually called, i is filled with hay, &c. which must be over diameter. This is pitched in and on from i e or place most convenient, or where wan- ■roof comes to a point at the centre, and off the rain all round something similar to orella. It is supported from the inner cir- the barn floor. The roof boards are laid up nd flowing through, ive formations. The soils of this formation eetitute, with very partial e.xceptions, of cal- us matter, which is a requisite constituent of 1 wheat soil. Among its rocks are found no m, transition or secondary lime stone, or- remains, or the elementary malter.of the glu- wheat : And the little which art coutil fur- i neglected or wasted. The soil possesses me character as the rocks from which it is iposed. organi-ed, that is, all vegetable and animal irs, are capable of being converted into tlie of plants. The best manure for any particu- oecies, hov.ever, is the decayed plants of its pecies : because thc»e contain the elemeiita- itter which is to form the new plant. Com- putrescent manures contain food for all s, though they do not contain all the food 1 some plants require. Animal bones, and hells of the eggs of birds, have lime for their ; and it is a fact well established in physiolo- hat did not lime, in some form, enter into the ituents of the food of animals, both the bone the shell would be imperfect. Many plants ire a spceifc manure, which other plants do jonsume, or yield on analysis. Thus wheat ires the elementary matters of gluten and phate of lime, which it yields on analysis and h most other plants do not take up or afford. 36 elements, therefore, must exist naturally in soil, or be supplied by art, to insure a gool of wheat. The straw of wheat, on analysis. und to contain, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, lemenfs of common stable manure. Hence e is no difficulty of raising an abundant crop heat straw, on primitive soils, with the aid of mon manure. The starch of wheat contains same elements as the straw ; but the gluten he flour, which may be easily separated from starch by washing, and which gives to wheat jeculiar value over other grain, contains, in ad- m'to the common elements of vegetable mat- tor, nitrogen, a constituent of animal matter. — Gluten consiilute.s I'rom a fourth to a fifth part of wheat ; and nitrogen, or azote, fifteen per cent of the gluten. For a more ample elucidation of the doctrine of specific manures, I refer to Grison- waithe's Now Theory of Agricidturc, first publish- ed in If^'^O : or to part ii. book ii. sect. 3, of Lou- don's Encyc. of Cardcning, — the whole of which section, Mr Editor, might be usefully transplanted into your Farmer. The deductions wliich I make from these pre- mises, arc, 1. That the soils of New England being of primitive formation, are not naturally adapted to the culture of wheat, because they do not contain all the elements of this valuable grain. And 2. Tliat this natural defect can be remedied only by the application of animal manures, or ma- nures containing the elements of animal matter. It will be found on examination, that all the country delineated upon M'Clure's geological map as primiiii-e, is bad for the raising of wheat ; and that the reputation of the transition, for the cul- ture of this grain, is but little better than the primitive. I distinctly recollect when the charac- ter of the lake towns in Vermont stood tolerable high, for the quantity and quality of their wheat ; but a recent tour into that district has shown me a diminution in quantity, and a great deterioration in quality. The grain appeared shrivelled, the flour black, and very deficient in gluten ; and I do not think, that in travelling two hundred miles, I savv any bread, made from the wheat of that state, whiter, or of better quality, than bread which I have seen made from rye flour. This deteriora- tion I ascribe to the exhaustion in the soil, by re- peated cropjiings, of the small quantity of the pa- bulum, or specific food of wheat, which naturally exists in the transition formation, and the neglect of the cultivator to restore it. How, then, is this animal matter to be supplied to the soil'? The elements of gluten exiet in bones, urine, horn, hair, night soil, in the refuse of the tanner, morocco dresser, tallow chandler, soap- boiler, the offal of the butcher, the dung of fov.'ls, soot, woollen rags, fish, &c. And the proper ap plication of these substances, in sufficient quanti- ties, will ensure a crop of wheat. I will suggest a few remarks upon a part of these. 1. Bones have become an important material for fertilizing lands in the hands of the English farm- er. Ship-loads of them aie annually imported from Holland, and in one neighbourhood in Yorkshire three mills have been constructed exclusi^'ely for the purpose of pounding and grinding them. Bone dust is sold through the country, to the farmer, at 3s. 6(/. per bushel, including freight, and is applied at the rate of from 10 to 211 bushels the acre, most on the poorest ground. It answers best on light soils ; and its beneficial effects are found to last many years. One farmer uses 1200 bushels every year. [See Loudon's Gardener's Mag-azinc, for Jw/i/ 182tJ.] Immense quantities of bones might be collected about Boston and other towns, and the poor and cliildren might be profitably employed in gathering and breaking them with hammers until mills for grinding them should be constructed. Their immediate effects are in proportion to their fiiioncss ; but the durability of tlieir benefit-! is in proportion to their size ; for the larger the pieces, the longer they arc in decomposing, and in im- parting fertility to the soil. And even if buried entire, would bo found of great service. Bones contain 50 per cent, of decomposable animal mat- ter, ■^7 phosphate, and 10 carbonate of lime. 2. Urine possesses strong fertilizing powers, and abounds in animal matter ; and this must be the principal resource in New England for wheat lands The Flemish farmers, according to Or Radclific, enrich a moiety of their grounds with liquid ma- nure. Though it must be remembered that their cattle are soiled undt;r cover during the summer. The stables and sheds are paved, and the urine is collected in tanks or cisterns, into which it flows through gutters or pipes. It is applied to the grounds, in the manner in which the streets are watered in New York and elsewhere, by a man with a horse and cart ; or is taken out in barrels by men, with two [joIos made fast to the bilfre of the cask, and extending horizontally and parallel. The New England farmer can adopt the Flemish mode ; or he maj' realize partial advantages, by constructing a concave or hollow cattle yard, v/ith a bottom impervious to water ; keeping it well lit- tered, and applying the manure before it undergoes much fermentation. The litter becomes saturated with the urine und carbonaceous li-^ujds of the yard, and imparts them to the soil. Fermentation generates ammoniacal gas, which being volatile, the animal matter is lost if the mass is suffered to undergo mucb decomposition in the yard. .It can- not be too often repeated, that urine comprises one half of the manure of animals ; and that he who suffers his manure to rot in his yard, loses the best half of the remainder. Fresh urine should be diluted with doable its quantity of wa- ter before it is applied. •3. Horn contains a larger qsantity of decompo- sable animal matter than bone, and is one of the most powerful manures. It can be had in only small quantities, and consists, principally, of shav- ings from the comb-maker, with the addition, sometimes, of the butts and pith. I have fulfilled my intention, Mr P^ditor, of sug- gesting to my Yankee brethren, what I consider the best applications for remedying the defects of tlieir soils for wheat culture. The substances which I have enumerated all contain the elements of the gluteu of wheat. They will know better than I do, the quantities of each which arc within their contto', and they can be at no loss how to apply them. I will barely repeat, that animal mat- ters decompose more readily than vegetables: and that where they are united, the first escape in the incipiont stages of fermentation, in the form of a volatile gas. J. BUEL. Jlbany, Jen. 24, 1827. RECLAIMED MARSHES. JVo. U. Some of the advantages of the salt marshes, which are along our coast, about our coves, and at the mouths of our rivers, and fresh streams, have been mentioned. These indeed seem often provi- dentially so placed, as to relieve the disadvantage of those, who cultivate a sandy and barren, or a 218 NEW ENGLAiS'D FAUMER. Feb. L'. 183 hard ami rocky soil. If the benefit of liyking out meiit of Mr Henry Williams and his associates, the sea can be established beyond a donbt, there j and the zeal with which this Was undertaken, no will be an advantage couinion tu all. But those • experiment has been or could be better tested. — to whom it is so very important, cannot place themselves at on uncertainty ; It would be unwise 50 to do — It becomes then proper to show, that by frequent and well tried experiments, in many parts of our country, the iniilbrni result of dyking out the sea from salt marshes, has been decisively dis- advantageous, producing after a few year's fertili- ty, a state of barrenness, so much so, that scarcely riie plough was introduced, and many difl'erent niode.5 of culture. The effects for a while were j most promising, and far exceeded their expecta- tions. In the full tide of which some of the large proprietors sold out much to their advantage. But a change was near at hand. Two or three crops were had, and the land fell into irremediable bar- renness. In this state it remained, the subject of ail instance is known, where the dykes have not i one and another experiment, till the parties gladly been opened, and the land restored to the influx [opened tlie dike, and restored it to the course ol of the sea, under a hope of regaining the original I the tides. It is now salt marsh as of old. growth, and with the full conviction ihat the fail- I Gary, Pratt, Cheever, and others were incorpora- uie was demonstrated. | ted in 1795, " to erect a dam in Chelsea to shut Before tlie instances referred to are quoted, it i out salt water, and improve the marsh." In this may not be useless, to give some general descrip- case too the first crops were of great promise, and tion of our marshes. First as to their depth — In correspondent efforts in different modes of culture this respect from the information obtained, there were resorted to, till a sterility only relieved by is a great difference. In Cambridge and its vi- 1 the fire weed, &.C. here and there appearing on cinily about Charles river, it is said to vary from j the surface, induced the proprietors ti. give up the 4 to 7 feet ; In Maiden and Chelsea 7 to 14 feet ; ' experiment. The land was restored to the visit of in Milton. Braintrec and at the mouth of the Ne- ! the tide waters and gives its product as formerly ponsct there is, it is said, a greater depth. In ; of salt grass. Messrs Nickob, Blaney and others crossing the marsh by the late construction of the ; diked out about 4 acres with like labour, and to Kail Way, piles were driven from 10 to 16 feet j the same effect ; their land i;a3 been restored too in depth. to the tide waters. In substance, our marshes are of a soft and j Several other experiments have been made. — spongy texture, and in a great degree, to the , But as the effects have baen uniform in Maiden whole e.\tent of their depth a mass of vegetable . and Chelso.i, we shall proceed to show how far fibres. j this is confirmed by experiments elsewhere. If not subject to the same laws with the peat ! For the following well tried scries of experi- moss of our Co^s, tliey yetresemblo them in many I i^cnts I am indebted to Mr Nathan Adams. By particulars. First, the elements of which they are j the construction of the Medford Turnpike in 1803 i-ompo3cd appear to be of vegetable origin Sec- ' about 50 acres of salt marsh improved by him were ondly, thfiir texture in lamina, or their strata, with their level surface, show a' gradual accumulation of vegetable nntter — Thirdly, they »ro highly in diked out from the sea. The natural growtii (Black Grass) bogan soon to fail and his thoughts were of course turned to some mode of production flammable, when dry igniting and giving great '• in the soil. The first effort was to throw over it. heat. As these are the distinguishing principles of Bog Peat, why may not these marshes owe their origin and properties, to some pro.vimato surface two small streams of fresh water which emptied on the marsh. The water was carried in small trenches, and diffused with much care principle in the ver'etahle kingdom, is a question I over the surface, and then received into the lar submitted for consideration. | original ditches, it passed into the creek, and, at It may here be mentioned, that in many parts of ^ last through certain artificial outlets to the sea. our marshes, particularly those of Chelsea and I Tlie original salt growth continued a year or Maiden, stumps are found, and large trees long I two only and then disappeared. The irrigation since prostrated, and covered by the vegetable ac- | had little effect, and the surface soon become cov- cumulatioii above them, in so sound a state of dis- 1 ered with weeds. The next effort of Mr Adams was tinct preservation, as to be cut and split for the ! to burn the weeds, for whicli he took a good season, hearth. i and scattered over the surface a large portion of The most ancient experiment to bo traced in j Herds grass and clover seed. The seed took well, "Reclaimed Marshes" is a tract of about 200 , and for about two years, the crop of grass was acres owned by Messrs. Floyd Harris and others good. But the land became more and more bar- rsar Chelsea beach. From thi.s the sea was dyked ren. A last eflbrt was then made with a resolution o'.:t more than ^ of a century since. It long af- worthy of better success, as the marsh was soft, terwards remained in a state of nearly total bar- and of considerable depth, much of it 8 to 10 feet, renness, probably from some doubt whether the abouf 1000 loads of gravel were carted on to a sea v.-ould restore it to productive salt marsh part of it. The effect was to harden the mirsh, again. About 14 years since the dyke was open- but not otherwise of much encouragement. Every ed and it soon became valuable marsh. | effort having failed, and the land having fallen into It is certainly fortunate, tliat an error of tiiis the worst possible condition, the former produc- Bafiire, may be thus retraced — This marsh is of , tiveness was looked back to,with no small earnest- gre.it depth, with many stumps, &c. jness of desire, and about 10 years since, at some It next appears, that Doct. Aaron Dexter, late i considerable expense, it was restored to the usual President of the Mass Agricultural Society, Doct. 'course of the tides. Samuel Danforth, Henry Williams, Smith, and j One further attempt remains to be noticed, which othejs in Maiden and Chelsea were incorporated jin its outset was noticed in our journals, and look- in 1789 to dyke out the sea, &c. This was effect- j ed to with great expectation. But as to this, there ed — They held a tract of about 800 acres of salt is some reason to suppose tlie operation has been marsh, perhaps from the science of the first named, Ito confirm the preceding results. I allude to what find from the intelligence and practical judge- ' have boon called the Sv/artwout Meadows in the stotc of New Yoik. When these were dikej the magnitude of the subject and the suci the first stage, few projects have been pr in a more dazzling light. But in all thes: the history of one seems too truly to apply I have before me ajetter from an intelligi tlemen in New York, in wliich the course ai and situation described, appear so perfectly son with what has taken place here, th doubt can be entertained of a coincident rel " The appearance of the Swartwout M indicates that the experiment of diking proved successful, as both the great tract b( the Hackensack and Paseaick rivers, as that near Hoboken, are without culture or and only covered with straggling weeds crops of grain and English hay were ccrtail for a year or two; — for such period of tij vegetable matter on the surface seems to them productive. But afterwards, the comes loose and light, so tliat it scarcely pri weeds to conceal its barren surface. Publi ion, is here certainly strong against the fei of rendering such marshes either fit for cull [ or valuable for grass." It is not apparent that whilst the state ; mentation or decomposition is going on, thi i then only, a fertility is excited. — But whi ! process is over, the surface becoming lig'j I spongy, wanting tenacity and other pri j which constitute a good soil, a state of ban soon takes effect. The subject might be here submitte judgement of your readers until some supplying the deficiencies in soil, or sol rors in past management were established. The strong call on proprietors of salt inar| the vicinity of New Bedford, to adopt the of diking there — nnd the like appeal made member of the Agricultural Societv, for son fort as to the extensive marshes between and Salem, has induced a hope that somi of these experiments which have taken plac not be wholly useless ; they have been gettj very obligingly furnished by the proprietors,' convictions have been uniform on this subjec It may be that the results have not been s iently known. If by their submission to readers, any efforts of industry or entei should be turned to more attainable object a better knowledge acquired on this subj shall be much gratified. Some further obs tions on this subject, with your leave, be here submitted. I am, yours, &e. Boston, Feb. 1, 18'27. JOHN WEL From Ijoudoii's Encyclopedia of Agncalht. OF THE ROTATIONS OF CROPS SU BLE TO DIFFERENT DESCRIP JlOf i OF SOILS. (Concluded froju page 212.) The follo\Ting are examples of rotations £ to different soils, as given in Brown's exec i Treatise on Rural .Affairs. The basis of ever \ tation, he says, " we liold to be either a bare \ mer fallow, or a fallow on wliich drilled tu 'j are cultivated, and its conclusion to be with «| crops taken in the year preceding- a retur 'f fallow- or drilled turnips, when of course a ' rotation commences. Rotation for strong deep lands. Accordii « this rotation, wheat and drilled beans are thec< to be cultivated, though clover and rye-grass } ^ V No. 28. \E>V ENGLAND FARMER. 219 in for one year in place of beans, should variety be viewed as more eligible. The 1 begins vvitii suniiner fallow, because it is strong deep lands thnt it can bo profitably d ; mJ it may go on for a:!y Icngt.'i of tirr.e, iig lis the lin 1 can be kopt clean, though t 10 stop the moment that the land gets in- Dtrary condition. A consi Icrablc qnantity ure is required to go on successfully ; per- jng should be given to eacli bean crop ; this crop is drilled, and attentively horse- (Jlj'l ;he rotation may turn out to be one of the roStahle that cau be exercised. tion for loams and clays. Where it may advisable to carry tlic first rotation into ex- a different one can be practised ; accord- which labor will be more divided, and the rains more generally cultivated as, for in- :»oiiy Fallow, with dung. Wheat. Beans, drilled and horse-hoed. Barley. Clover and rye-grass. Oats or wheat. Beans drilled and horse-hoed. Wheat. 8 rotation is excellently calculated to insure jundant return through the whole of it, pro- dung is aduiinistered upon the clover stub- Without this supply, the rotation would be lied, and inferior crops of course produced in oncluding years. tion for clays and loams of an inferior des- This rotation is calculated for soils of ferior description to those alreadj' treated of. 1. Fallow, with dung. 2. Wheat. 3. Clover and rye-grass. 4. Oats. 5. Beans, drilled and horse-hoed. C. Wheat. ording to this rotation, the rules of good hus- !ry are studiously practised, vvliile the sc- ice is obviously calculated to keep the land in S order, and in such a conditiou as to ensure s of the greatest value. If manure is bestow- either upon the clover stubble, or before the as are sown, the rotation is one of the best can be devised for the soils mentioned, otation for thin clays. On thin clay?, gentle bandry is indispensably ni-cessary, otherwise soil may be e.vhausted, and the produce un- alled to the expense of cultivation. Soils of description will not improve much while un- grass ; but, unless an additional stock of ma- •e can be procured, there is a necessity of re- shing them in that way, even though Uie pro- ce should, in the mean time, be comparatively small value. The following rotation is not an proper one. 1. Fallow, with, dung. 2. Wheat. •3. Grass pastured, but not too early eaten. 4. Grass. 5. Gr.'iss. 6. Oats. his rotation may be shortened or lengthened, cording to circumstances, but should never ex- nd further in point of ploughing, than when mg can be given to the fallowbreak. This is e keystone of the whole ; and if it is neglected, e rotation is rendered u.selcss. Rotation for peat ciirlli soil,;. Tliose arc not friendly to wlie:it, unless aided by a quumily of ciiicareous matter. Taking ihein in a general point of view, it is not advisable to cultivate wheat, hilt a (TOP of oats may generally be dci)emled upon, provided the previous management has been judi- ciously executed. If the subsoil of poat earth lands he retentive of moisture, the process ouo-lii to commence with a bare summer fallow ; but if such are incumbent on free and open Itottoms, a crop of turnips may bo substituted for fallow ; ac- cording to which method, the surface will got a body which naturally it did not possess. Grass, on such soils, must always occupy a great space of every rotation, because physical circumstances render regular cropping utterly impracticable. 1. Fallow, or turnips with dung. 2. Oats of an enrly variety. 3. Clover, and a considerable quantity of perennial rye-grass. 1. Pasture for severr.l years, till circumstan- ces permit the land to be broken up, when oats are to be repeated. Rotation for light soils. These are easily manaor- cd, though to procure a full return of the profit which they are capable of yielding, requft-os gen- erally as much attention as is necessary in tlie management of those of a stronger description. Upon light soils, a bare summer fallow is seldom called for, as cleanliness may be pFftferved by growing turnips, and other leguminous articles. Grass also is of eminent advantage upon such soils, often yielding a greater profit than what is afford- ed by culmiferous crops. 1. Turnips. 2. Spring wheat, or barley. 3. Clover and rye-grass. 4. O'lts or wheat. This is a fashionable rotation ; but it may be doubt- ed whether a continuance of it for any considera- ble period is advisable, because both turnips and clover are found to fall off when repeated so often as once in four years. Perhaps the rotation would be greatly improved were it extended to eight years, whilst the ground, by such an extension, would be kept fresh and constantly in good con- dition. As for instance, were seeds for pasture sown in the second year, the ground kept three years under grass, broke up for oats in the sixth year, drilled with beans and peas in the seventh, and sown with wheat in the eighth ; the rotation would then be complete, because it included every branch of husbandry, and admitted a variety in management generally agreeable to the soils, and always favourable to the interests of cultivators. The rotation may also consist of six crops, were the land kept only one year in grass, though few situations admit of so much cropping, unless ad- ditional manure is within reach. Rotation for s.nndy soils. These, when properly manured, are well adapted to turnips, though it rarely happens that wheat c«n be cultivated on them with advantage, unless they are dressed with alluvial compost, marl, clay, or some such substances as will give a body or strength to them, which they do not naturally possess. Barley, oats, and rye, the latter especially, are, however, sure crops on Bands, and in favourable seasons will re- turn greater profit than can be obtained from wheat. i. Turnips, consumed on the ground. 2. Barley. 3. Grass. 4. Rye or oat;. By keeping the luud th-e years in gr;...,, the rotation would be cxtondod to six years, a measure highly advisable. These examples are suilicient to ilhistrale the subject of improved rotations ; but as tiie best general scheinea may be sometimes momentarily deviated from with advantage, the same able au- thor adi!s, that " cross cropjiing in some cases may perh.ips be justifiable in practice ; as, for instance, we have seen wheat taken after oats with oreat success, when these oats had followed a clover crop oil rich soil ; but, after all, as a general meas- ure, that mode of cropping cannot be recommend- ed. We have heard of another rotation, which comes almost under the like predicament, though, as the test of experience has not yet been applied, a decisive opinion cannot be pronounced upon its merits. This rotation begins with a bare fallow, and is carried on with wheat, grass for one or more years, oats, and wheat, where it ends. Its supporters maintain that beans are an uncertain crop, and cultivated at great expense ; and that in jno other way will corn, in equal quantity and of I equal value, be cultivated at so little expense, as ac|^rding to the plan mentioned. That the ex- pel^ of cultivation is much lessened, we acknowl- edge, because no more than seven ploughings are given through the whole rotation ; but whether the crops will be of eijual value, and whether the ground will be preserved in equally good condition, are points which remain to be ascertained by ex- perience."— Broicn on Rural Affairs. To adopt a judicious rotation of cropping for every soil, requires a degree of judgment in the farmer, which can only be gathered from observa- tion and experience. The old rotations were cal- culated to wear out the soil, and to render it un- productive. To take wheat, barley, and oats in succession, practice very common thirty years ago, was sufficient to impoverish the best of land, while it put little into the pockets of the farmer; but the modern rotations, such as those which we have described, are founded on principles which ensure a full return from the soil, without lessen- ing its value, or impoverishing its condition. Much depends, however, upon the manner in which the different processes are executed, for the best ar- ranged rotation may be of no avail, if the processes belonging to it are imperfectly and unreasonably executed. PRESERVATION OF LIVE OAK TIMBER Mr White submitted the following resolution to Congress for consideration : Resolved, that the Committee on Naval affairs be instructed to inquire into the expediency of providing, by law, for the more effectual preserra- tion of the live oak timber on the public lands ; and further to inquire into the expediency of form- ing plantations for the rearing of live aak for the future supply of that timber for the Navy of the United States. " Eveiy one has his day" While the Grand and other Canals are fast-locked in ice and are use- less, the six Rail Roads which diverge from this city, are in full activity, aftbrding numerous ar- rivals daily with the rich products of places, some of them more than 400 miles distant. — The ag- gregate of wealth they furnish and carry back, would not suffer in comparison with the celebrated Albany list ; and we have this advantage, that our roads have been furnished without cost, are in some cases toll-free, and the rest levy very small tolls. [Boston Centinel.) 212 NEW ENGLAiN'l) FARMER. Feb. % 188 ANNUAL CATTLE SHOW. | The Trustees of the Massachusetts Societi/ for the \ Promotion of .Igriculture, encourctf^ed hy the pal- \ roiuige of the Legislature of this State, intend to I offer in premiums, not only the sum granted hy the Government fur that purpose, but also the whole \ amount of the income of their own funds. They j therefore announce to the public thtir intention to have a Cattle Show and Erhibition of Manufac- \ lures, Sfc. at Brighton, on Wednesday the 17 th of i October 18-27 — S^J^The whole business to bc\ transacted in one dny instead of two as heretofore. The following premiums are offered. j For Stock. For the best Bull, raised in Maasaciiusetts, above one year old . . . $30 For the next best, do. do. 20 For the next best, do. do. . 10 For the best Bull Calf, from five to twelve months old . . . 15 For tlie next best, do. do. 10 For the next best, do. do. . 5 For the best Cow, not less than three years old 30 For the next best, do. do. 20 For the next best, do. do. . 15 For the best Hoifer (having had a calf,) 15 For the next best, do. do. . 10 For the best Heifer, (not having had a calf,) 12 For the next best, do. do. . 10 For the next best, do. do. . 8 For the next best, do. do. . 0 For the best Ox, fitted for slaughter, regard to be had to, and a particular statement to bo given of, the nicde and expense of fatting, 25 For the next best, do. do. . 20 For the next best, do. do. . 10 For the best pair of Working Oxen . 25 For the next best, do. do. 20 For the next best, do. do. . 15 For the next best, do. do. 12 For the next best, do. do. . 8 [No oxen will be admitted to trial as working oxen under /one years old.] For the best Merino Ram . . 15 For the next best, do. . . 10 For the best Merino Ewes, not less than five in number . . . . 30 For the next best, do. do. do 10 For tiie best Boar, not exceeding two years old, to be kept at least one year for breeding, 12 For the next best, do. do. . 8 For the next best, do. do. . 5 For the best Sow, to be kept at least one year for breeding, ..... 13 For the ne.xt best, do. . . S For the next best, do. . . 5 For the best Pigs, not less than two in number, nor less than four months old, nor [more than eight . . . ". 10 For the next best, do. . . 5 None of the above animals will be entitled to jiremiums, unless they are wholly bred iii the state ■of Massachusetts. Any of the above stock, when raisefl and still owned at the time of the exhibition by tie person who raised them,will entitle the claimant to an al- lowance of ten per cent, in addition. But sheep, to be entitled to any of the above premiums, must be raised by the person entering them. JVcii' Premiums fur .Sheep. For the best Dishley or New Leicester Ram $15 .'•'or the best, da .do. Ewe 15 For the best South Down Ram . • 15 For the best do. Ewe . . 15 The above four premiums will be awarded on sheep either imported or raised in the state. The persons claiming these premiums to engage to keep the imported animals within the state. No animal, for which to any owner one premi- um shall have been awarded, shall be considered a subject fflr any future premium of the Society, ex- cept it be for an entirely distinct premium, and for qualities dili'erent from those for which the former premium was awarded. — Any animal which shall have obtained a premium as a Milch Heifer shall not afterwards be entered for premium as a Milch Cow. For Gmin and Vegetable Crops. To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Indian Corn on an acre, not less than one hundred bushels . • • $20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of vegetables, (.grain, peas and beans except- ed,) for winter consumption, of the stock of his own farm, and not for sale, in ))roportion to the size of the farm and stock kept, having regard to the respective value of said vegetables as food, stating the expense of raising the same, and the best mode of preserving, the same through the winter . ... 30 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Winter Wheat on an acre, not less than thirty bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Spring Wheat on an acre, not less than thirty bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Barley on an acre, not less than forty-five bushels .... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Rye on an acre, not less than thirty bnsh- e'ls .... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest crop of Millet on an acre, cut and cured for hay, not less than three tons, the claimant giving evi- dence of the time of sowing, the quantity of seed sown, and the quantity of hay produced 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Carrots on an acre, iKit less than six liun- dred bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Potatoes on an acre, not less than five hun- dred bushels . . . 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of common Beets on an acre, not less tlian six hundred bushels . . 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Sugar Beets on an acre, not less than six hundred bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Parsnips on an acre, not less than four hundred bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Mangel Wurtzel on an acre, not less than six hundred bushels . . 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Ruta Baga on an acre, not less than six hundred bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Turnips on an acre, not less than six hun- dred bushels . . .20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- ty of Onions on an acre, not less than six hun- dred bushels ... 20 To the person who shall raise the greatest quanti- slill" ty of Cabbages on an acre, not less than t| five tons' weight, free from earth when ed .... To the person who shall raise the greatest ty of dry Peas on an acre, not less than busliels .... To the person who shall raise the greatest ty of dry Beans on an acre, not less than bushels To the person who shall give proof of havini duced the largest quantity of dressed Fla: ed on half an acre, and not less than tw( dred and fifty pounds To entitle himself to either of the premiui Grain or Vegetable crops, the person claii must cultivate a tract of at least one acre ii piece, with the plant or production for whii claims a premium, nnd must state in writing, oath of himself, and one other person, (ace nied by a certificate of the measurement land by some sworn surveyor,) the foUoivin j ticulars : I ]. The state and quality of the land in the sj of 1837. 2. The product and general state of cultr and quantity of manure smployed on it th preceding. 3. The quantity of manure used the prc; e son. 4. The quantity of seed used, and if Potatoei sort. 5. The time and manner of sowing, wei and harvesting the crop, and the amount product, ascertained by actual measurement, the whole produce, for which a premium is ed, is harvested, and the entire expense of cul tion. G. In regard to Indian Corn, the entire c the acre offered for premium, if shelled, must measured between the 15th November ami 1st cember. If not shelled, the whole must be wei^r within the same dates, and the trustees ha\ c ile; mined to consider seventy-five pounds of c.ni i cob as equivalent to one bushel of sliulled corn. And in 1 elation to all vegetables, (except Pc toes, Onions, and common Turnips,) at least fo bushels must be weighed, and ffly-six pounds \ be considered as equal to one bushel, free from d .igricultural E.rperiments. For a mode of extirpating the worm that attat the Locust Tree, which shall appear to the sal faction of the Trustees to be effectual .- For a mode, hitherto unknown, to extirpate t Borer that attacksthe Apple Tree, which sh; appear to the satisfaction of the Trustees to efifeclual and cheaper than a/iy mode now I use . . ... To the person who shall give satisfactory evideni on " Soiling Cattle," not less than six in numbf I and through the whole season, together with particular account of the food given, andhow cu tivated . . . ; To the person who shall make the experiment 1 turning in green crops as a manure, on a trai not less than one acre, and prove its utility an cheapness, giving a particular account of th process and its result. . . 2 To the person who shall prove to the satisfactio of the trustees, that his mode of rearing feed ing, and fattening neat cattle is best 2' To the person who shall prove to the satisfactio of the Trustees, the utility and comparative val Iti . V No. Ci^. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. •218 >c cobs oriiuliaii con\, wlicn iisod with or itiiolit the grain itself, gruiinJ or broken 2(1 he claim under the two last heails. together 1 the cviilences of the actiitil protUict, must bo li!j vered, free of eNpeiise, to Beiijaiiiin (iuilil, Em). Joston. Assistant Recoriling Secretary of this ietv. on or before the first day of December t — t'le Trnstcesnot intending to decide npon ins undei the head of Agricultural E.xperiioents, il their nicelinjj in December. iuttcr, Cheese, Honei/, Cider, Currant fHne. the person who shall take up in the season, on is own tarm, the greitcst quantity of good hon- and shall at the same time exhibit superior kill in the man:ij;oment of Bees. [If there bo ny thing supposed to be new in the manage- aeat, the same to be communicated in writing.] $10 r the best Cheese notle.is than one year old, and lot less in quantity than one luindred pounds 10 r the ne.\t best, do do . . 5 r the next best Cheese less than one year old 10 ir the ne.vt best, do do . . 5 |")r the best Batter, not less than fifty pounds 15 >r the next best, do do . . .10 )r the next best, do do . . .7 ir the next best, do do . . .5 3T the greatest quantity of Butter and Cheese, made between the 15th of May, and the 1st of October, from not less than four cows, the quan- tity of Butter and Cheese, and the number of cows, to be taken into consideration, and speci- mens to be exhibited at the Show, of not less than twenty pounds of each, and the mode of feeding, if anything besides pasture was used 20 or the best specimen of Cider, not less than one barrel, made in 182(3, manufactured by the per- Ison who shall exhibit the same, and from apples grown on his own farm . . 15 or the second best barrel . . .-" 10 The person obtaining the first premium shall be ntitled to a farther sum of 85, as a compensation ir the premium barrel of cider, which will bo re- lined and used at the Show Dinner, in order that e may have the credit of it. [These premiums will be continued in future cars. Persons claiming them must state, in writ- Dg, their process of mai;ing and managing their ider, and the kind of apples used.] •'or the best specimen of Currant Wine, not less than due gallon, exhibited by any person who shall have made not less than TJO gallons, in the ame season in which that which shall be exhib- ited was made, (a statement to be given, in writ- ing, of the process of making the same,) -$10 or the next best do. ... 5 for Invetitions. To the person who shall use the Drill Plough or Machine and apply it most successfully to the cultivation of any small grains or seeds, on a scale of not less than one acre . 20 To the person who shall invent the best macliine for pulverising and grinding plaster to the fine- ness of twenty-five bushels per ton, and which shall require no more power than a pair of oxen or a horse, to turn out two tons per day, and so portable that it can be moved from one farm to another without inconvenience . .30 To the person who sliall producn at the Siiow any other Agricultural Implement, of his own inven- tion, which shall, in the opinion of the Trustees deserve a reward, a piemium not exceeding Twtn- t.i ■r'llcrs, according to th-; value of the article ex- hibited. In all cases prools must be given of the work done by the Machine, before it is exhibited : and of Its having* been used and approved by some practical fanner. Persons who have taken out patents for their in- ventions are not thereby excluded from claiming any of t'le abovepremiums. No cl limanl will bo entitled to a premium, un- less in the opinion of the Committee, the machine or implement presented by him shall be superior to any designed for tlie same use, which shall have heretofoie gained a premium.. For raising Trees and [ledges. To the person who shall, ou or before the 1st day of December 1829, produce proofs of having rais- ed the greatest amount in value of Mulberry Plants, either in standards, dwarfs or in hedges, for the purpose of raising the Silk Worm, and shall exhibit not less than Jive pounds of un- manufactured or raw silk of his own production $100 For the best plantation of White Oak Trees, not less than one acre, nor fewer than one thousand trees per acre, to be raised from the acorn, and which trees shall be in the best thriving state on the 1st of September 182/ . 100 For the best plantations of White Ash, Larch or Locust trees, each of not less than one acre, nor fewer than one thousand trees per acre, to be raised from the seeds, and which trees shall be in the best thriving state on the 1st of Septem- ber 1897 .... 50 For the best Live Hedge, made either of White or Cockspur Thorn, planted after 1820, not less than one hundred rods, and which shall be in the best thriving state in 1827 . 50 For the best Buckthorn Hedge, not less than one hundred rods, and which sliaU be in the best thriving state in 1^28 . . 50 To the person who shall have planted out on his farm, since the springof 181(), the greatest num- ber of Apple Trees, not less than one hundred in number, and who shall exhibit to the Trus- tees, at tho Show in 1827, satisfactory evidence of his having managed themwith care and skill 50 For Domestic Manufactures. To the person or Corporation who shall produce the best specimen of fine Broadcloth, not less than 1 5-8 yards wide, exclusive of the list, forty yards in quantity, and died in the wool ,$20 For tho second best do. do. . 15 For the best superfine Cassimere, not less than 3-4 yard wide, nor less than forty yards in quan- tity . . 12 For the second best, do. do. . 8 For the best superfine Sattinet, 3-4 yard wide, not less than fifty yards . . 8 Fcr the second best do. do. . 5 For Household Manufactures. For the best Woollen Cloth, 3-4 yard wide, not less than twenty yards in quantity . 12 For the second best do. do. . 8 For the best double milled Kersey, 3-4 yard wide, not less than twenty yards in quantity 12 For the second best do. do. . 8 For the best Coating, .3-4 yard wide, not less than twenty yards in quantity 8 For the second bosi ^lo. do. . (J For the best Flaniul 7-8 yard wide, not loss than forty-five yards in quantity . 10 For the second best do. do. . 7 For the best yanl wide Carpeting, not less than thirty yards in quantity . . Jf, For the second best do. do. . 7 For the best 5-8 yard wide Stair Carpeting, not less than thirty yards in quantity . 10 For the second best do. do. do. 7 For the best pair of lilankets, not loss than 8-4 wide and 10-4 long ... 0 For the second best do. do. do. 4 For the best Woollen Knit Hose, not less than 12 pair in number .... 5 For the second best do. do. . 3 For the best Worsted Hose, not less than 12 pair in number ..... 5 For the second best do. do. . 3 For the best Men's Half Hose j( woollen) not less than 12 pair in number . . 4 For the second best do. do. 2 For the best Men's Woollen Gloves, not less than 12 pair in number . . 5 For the second best do. do. 3 For the best Linen Diaper, 5-8 yard wide, not less than 30 yards in quantity . . 3 For the second best do. do. . 3 For the best yard wide Diaper (for table linen) not less than 10 yds. in quantity . . 10 For the second best do. do. . 5 For the best specimen of Sewing Silk, raised and spun in this State, of good fast colours, not less than ono pound . . 5 For the second best do. do. . 3 For the best Linen Cloth, (for shirting or sheet- ing) one yard wide, and twenty-five yards long 8 For the second best, do. do. . 4 To the person who shall produce the best specimen of any Cotton Fabrics manufactured in private fsmilies, not less than 5 pieces . 20 All of the above manufactures must be manufac- tured within the state of Massachusetts. And all manufactures, when presented, must have a pri- vate mark, and any public or knuv,n mark must be completely concealed, so as not to be seen or known by the Committee, nor must the Proprie- tors be present when they are examined ; in de- fault of either of these requisitions, the articles will not be deemed entitled to a consideration or premium. Animals, or manufactured articles, may be offer- ed for a premium at Brighton, notwithstanding they may have received a premium from a County Agricultural Society. It is understood, that v/henever, merely from want of competition, any of the claimants may be considered entitled to the premium, under a literal construction, yet if, in the opinion of the Judges, the object so ofTer ed is not deserving of any re- ward, the Judges shall have a right to reject such claims. Persons to whom premiums shall be awarded, may, at their option, have an article of plate with suitable inscriptions, in lieu of money. Premiums will be paid within ten days after they shall be awarded. That in any case in which a pecuniary premium is offered, the Trustees may, having regard to the circumstances of the competitor, award cither one of the Society's gold or silver medals in lieu of the pecuniary premium annexed to the several at- tides. That if any competitor for any of the Society'? 222 premiums shall be discovered to have used any dis- ingenuous measures, by which the objects of the Society have been defented, such person shall no*, only forfeit the premium which may have been awarded to him, but be rendered incapable of being ever after a competitor for any of the Socie- ty's premiums. All premiums not demanded within six months NEW ENGLAND FAUMEK. Feb. •,', lri«>7 ance with this rule relative to entries as well as' petite, the breeding sows ought not to be stinti the other rules prescribed. i in provision when their yeaning time approacl Besides such animals as may have been offered and especially should be allowed plentiful draug for Premiums, any others that are considered by of wiirni comfortable wash, as tliey arc not unfl them as possessing fine qualities will be admitted quently impelled to this practice from a deficiei for sale. ■ And for all Animals or Manufactures, of liquid; though tliere are some which, inau that are intend- ed to be sold, notice must be given ', every care, never fail to destroy their tender pn to the Secretary, before" 10 o'clock of the 17th. — , eny, and therefore such sows as are addictecj i this vice ought by no means to be kept as br0 ers. — [Bannister's Husbandry,] J. PRINCE, i G. PARSONS, f E. H. DERBY, ] Committee, after they shall havebeen awarded, shall be deem- 1 Auctioneers wW be provided by the Trustees, ed as having been generotisly given to aid the By order "f the Trustees, funds of the Society. . I vSlfcI '\ Ploughing Match. 1 On the 17th day of October,Premiums will be given to the owners and ploughmen of three Ploughs, drawn by two yoke of o.xen, and to the owners and ploughmen of three plouglis drawn by one yoke of oxen, which shall be adjudged by a competent Cominittee, to have performed the best tcork, with the least expense of labow; not ex- ceeding half an acre to each plough. And that , . ■ , • t r u i,i,„, ;„ ' " • ' " entries may bo made of the names of the com- ; town informs^ us that^ by l^^eping India Rubber in i„g,edients in four ounces of proof spirit to evi IIM'- Janunrt/ 1827. NEW tINGLANlFFARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY FEB. 2, 1827. To dissolve India Rubber. — A friend in Charles- German Method of making Elm and Maple resemble Mahogany. Having very smoothly planed whatever boal of the elm or maple tree are intended to be u^i for the purpose of appearing like mahogany, wi them well with a little aquafortis diluted in c mon water. Then'take a few drachms of dragol blood, according to the quantity which may 1 "' wanted in the whole, with half as much alki root, and a quarter as much aloes, and digest thi F«i petitors until the morning of the 17th. Prefer- ! warm neats-foot oil for two or three days, it will ^i^,,^hm of the dragon's blood. As soon as the boaA ence will be aiven to tho..e who enter first; but if, l^ecome completely dissolved. A composition ol . ^^^ dry, varnish them over with tins tinclure.jl on callinn- the list at the hour appointed, precise- ' InJia Rubber and neats-foot oil would probably ^^^^,,^ „,. ^ ^p^,,^^ ^^ ^^j^ painter's brush ; ly, those first named do nut appear, the next in or- de'r will be preferred. There will be t^vo Commit- , at"'" 'his wet weather tees of three persons each — one to be the judges of the ploughing by double teams, the other of the ploughing by single teams — the latter to have as ' render boots impervious to the water, — a desider- To train Oxen to the Draught. Put a large broad strap round their necks : signed to them a part of the field distinct from ten one end ol a cord to it, and the other to a that of the double teams. ^^'S<= 1°^ "f^ ^^°<"> \ "«""" '*■ V 1° ^"^ r ^" Premiums as follows,{being the same for the bout as he fe-eas ,u t,.e pasture, for three or four ,uble and single teams.) days before he ..put to the yoke, by which his double First Plough $15 Ploughman 8 Driver 4 Second Plough $10 Ploughman 5 Driver 3 Third Plough $6 Ploughman 3 Driver 2 docility is m\ich forwaded. [Transactions of the Society of Arts.] they will, it is said, ever after so wear the appeti ance of mahogany, as to deceive the eye of any a different observer. — [Family Receipt-Book.] i •Substitute for Mahogany. It has been contrived to render any species wood of a close grain, so nearly to resemble m " hogany in the texture, density and polish that tl most accurate judges are incapable of distinguis ing between this happy imitation, and the nati produce. The first operation as now practised I France, isto plane the surface so as to render j}-' perfectly smooth ; the wood is then to be rubbwP m I A Composition for colouring and preserving Gales, I Poles, Barns, Roots, and Timber generally, from 1 .,,,■,.,■. • , , ■ u ■.. r .i ,, ,.r ,, With diluted nitrous aciO. which prepares It for ti the If eat her. . ■ i i .i . i i- j t e. I materials subsequently to ne applied. Atterwar Melt 12 07.. of resiii in an iron po: or kettle, add , ^^^ „jj„^p ^^j ^ j,^,f ^^ ,ira;^,on's blood, dissolv I 3 gallons of train oil, and 3 or 4 rolls of brimstone; ' ;„ ^ pi„t of spirits of wine, and one third of th ^,,_. _ I when they are melted and become thin, add as ; q^3^„^,tY of carbonate of soda, are to be mixed t In each case, if there be no driver, both sums to much Spanish brown or red or yellow ochre (or ; gg^^^,^ ^^^i filtered, and the liquid, in thi- th be awarded to the ploughman. 1 any other colour you like, ground fine as "sual ! ^^^j^^ j^ to ^^ rubbed, or rather laid, upon tl The persons intending to contend for these Pri- ' ^'th oil,) as will give the whole the shade wanted. , ^^^^^^ ^.jjjj ^ ^^f-^ ^^,^^^^_ T,„g p^^cess is repeat, zos mu6t. & C. 1,.A\D1UCTII. Aursrry, Sced,„un, and Fhr,sh, ,, .,,p . ,, , fliri.ADELPIllA, HAVE constantly on hand for snie, a very extensive ...... .. I ""'■;;'7°*^'•";'■'>-^H•->^dy Ornamental reesa^ e..ports equal ?f;"''\^''l!" ^^T" ^ '^"•f', '^"'"ous Hoots, Garden .■ \i r ^eeds, i.c. tc. not exceeded by any similar p«i-ihl,„l> o( those from inent in the United States. .^ '"'J """'lar establibh- In their select care and atteni 1 of FRUITS for cultivation, every has been paid, and from an intima- Wi T """"^ ^^''"' ""'^' ^''''"*^ " ^°"''- ^%'hrOR\AME.NTAL PEANTS, both tender and hardy, which they are now cultivating, are some of the raoft esteemed and admired of both native and exotic The Richmond W hig states that 42 bushels of letter^ and papers were hnn.ght to that city in two mails. 'I he coloured man who was educated at Bowdoin College, is about to publish a newspaper at N.YoiIs for the Africans. The destitute labourers of Nova Scotia have volun- nter services on the Canal for their pro 'I'hG Whitehall Observer says, that fhe snow on the Gretn Mountains is better than six feet deep. It is than G feet deep here Tbecause it is little more Troy Budget. red th vision : b/ller 05^CASH will be paid, at the Farmer Office, for several bushels of g-cntn'nc WHITE CLOVER seed : also, a small quantity of GUINEA GRASS seei],(PanirH/n.1ttcsHmum)~to be sent to Europe. , f,u • - , ■ ■ " ..various stages ol their growth and ripening are under their im- mediate care and superiulendence, consequeiitlv they are enabled to assure purchasers not only of their aee but quality. = ' Orders received by .Messrs. PARKER k CODM AN No. 9 Congress-square, near the Exchange Coffee House, Boston, of whom priced Calaloo-ue.^ of the whole may be had gratis. tf. °Dcc 15 PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. ? & BBS. The Proprietor of th.- Agricullur.il Estahlishmer.t 1 ■., ^. . 1 ■ I • J : No. 52 North Market Sli-eet, (und^-r the New Euo-bnd orlion ot green wood with that whicii i^ Aij^ as , Fanner ofTire) having received the ai.pointment of ajnt more steady and la.sting fire will be produced i for several of the nurseries on Long Island, particularly iian would be the case, were the dry wood ilsed | Mr l^irmentier's celebrated Hort;e;i!tiirai Garden, res- pectfully informs the public that Tie will receive and transmit orders for trees, vineE,shrub3, flower-roots, &c. Mr Parmentier's varifty of Pear trees and Grape v'i.ies probably not excelled by any in the Union. A list intirely by itself. A very considerable savino' nay be realized by using the saw instead of the xc, in preparing wood for the fire, although very •ew of our common country people are aware of i of 'them will he found in the New EiVgland' Farmer for ho fact, having never tried the experiment. A law suitable for this business, costs no more than in axe, is as easily kept in order, and with care- ful usage, will last many years. A man can saw 13 much, and probably more wood, in the same November 10, 1826, pages 121 and 124- 0;:j-The trees will be seated and taken up by an experienced Gardener, on (he spot, and every care tak- en to have them delivered in Boston in the best orrl., ff'ool. time, than he can cut with an axe. Scarcely any ! On FRIDAY, 16th March, at the East end of the Hall itter is made, the wood may be all cut of an exact length, and on the whole, the annual saving to every house-holder by using the saw instead of the axe, would, in the course of several years, amount to something of considerable consequence. A FARMER. County of Worcester, Jan. 1817. THIBET GOATS. The New York American mentions that Judge Pendleton, of Duchess County, New York, has recently imported three Thibet goats, of the pur- est race. Tiiey are entirely white, and their distinguished mark is a long and pendent ear They are hardy, and' it is believed, will thrive in our climate. It is from the wool of the Thibet goat, that the Cashmere Sliawls are made. [Nat. Gaz.] It is rather singular that there has been no snow Washington City, and that the streets on t. S2d inst. were " almost as dusty as in siiinraer." over the Jfrw Market House, under the regulation of the A'eiv England Socie/^'— will be sold 'at Public Auction, A large quantity of Full Blood Merino, Grade and Native Fleece WOOL. Farmers and-lhers. who wish to avail themselves of this favourable opportunity ol disposing of their wool, are informed that we are ready to receive it at any time previous to the lOth March, at which time the Catalogue will be closed. It will be understood that no wool can be admitted at this sale except that of American growth, which is especially exempted from the Auction Tax of 1 per ct Feb. 2. COOEIDGE. POOR k HEAD Anct' fFanted, A man with his wife to attend to the work of a Farm and dairy, about 3 miles from Boston, none need ap- ply unless they can produce undoubted recommenda- tions. Apply at this Office. 3t. Feb 2 WANTED— A man with his wife to ttke charge of a valuable dairy and vegetable Farm, within one milt I rr r « of the centre of Salen' T., „.,„ „.i _— j | ia^it^, APPLES, best. ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mes.s 200 lbs. new, - cargo. No I, new, - - " No 2, rew, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. nev CHEESE, new milk, - - . . skimmed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - _ Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - ... Barley - ... Oats - - ... HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, - ... - OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Norther PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - . SEEDS, Herd's Grass, . Clover .... WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 do Native ... do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinning, Istsort PROVISIO.y MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - - - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - • VEAL, - ..---. MUTTON, POUETRY, ..... BUTTER, keg & tub, . lump, best, . bush bbl. lb. cask gal ton bbl bush lb 2 00 2 25 85 00 87 00 106 00 no 00 1 50 1 75 9 25 9 50 7 25 7 60 5 .50 6 00 H 16 'A 9 3! f. lo; II 90 6 62 6 75 90 78 1 00 58 9{ lOi 85! 2 75 1 on 6 75 7 00 92 80 1 Of. 60 10 i:, 90 80 3 CO 12 00 13 00 10 T5| 11 00 10 75 11 23 To one who can produce !S, liberal terms will be offered None other need apply. E. hERSEY DERBY. Sale.Ti, 6th January 1827. I MEAL, Rye, retail, . I Indian, do. - POTATOES, 'CIDER, liquor, (new) [bbl. 2 50( 9; 35 251 30; 25I 20i 32 28; 26' 3 00 10 50 35 U 30 25 40 32 33 ", 10 17 20 *2 20 25 90 1 00 90 1 00 37 62 1 7» 2 IS 224 NEW ENGLAiSD FARIVlER. Feb. 2. !82r. lW:iSCEI.I.A2TIi;S. SONG — BT WALLER. Go, lovely rose ! Tell her that wastes her time and me. That now ?he knows, When I resemble her to thee, How sweet and f;tir she seems to be. Tell her that 's young. And shuns to have her graces spied : That had'st thou sprung In desarts where ho men abide, Thou roust have uncommended died. Small is the worth Of beauty from the light retired: Bid her come forth, Suffer herself to be desired, And not blush so to be admired. Then die, that she The common fate of all things rare May read in thee. How small a part of time they share That are so wondrou? sweet and fair. following stanza was added by H. K. IVhitt. [Yet, though thou fade, From thy dead kaves let fragrance rise ; And teach the maid. That goodness Time's rude hand defies, That Virtue lives when Beauty dies.] .1 London Jilderman — Sir William Curtis has j thought his testimony to enlirc abstinence ouglit to , I be made public ; for no man among us is more j industrious or labours harder. Con. Obs. From the Palladiuin. ^ The foUovvins A committee of the Legislature of Indiana reported that a Canal can be made at M^ T f .K- - , ''. T"l^u'' ''°'"r'n'°",' '^'' >-''P'"'^' f'°"^ 'l^- Miami of the Lake to the na: I Latin not being classical. The word Tumba is gable part of the Wabash, which would open I found in no Roman aulho- ' •"" i.^„......i. ... ' I thus : — ' Hie jacef, in tumba, I Rosamund!, non Rosamunda, ! Non redolet, sed olet, Que redolere solet. \( The Kpitaph runs communication by water from A''ew York to JV> \ Orleans — and they reported a bill tn provide fo| survey and location. A committee of the Legislature of Indiana, li been appointed to consider the e.xpediency of pi The lit^,.,) f,,,. 1 *■ • « xj r • XL ^■''^'''gr 'or t-f'e establishment of an Agriciiltui Ihe literal translation is: "Here lies in the nnd M-,r,„f«ni„y-,„.^ < ■ ^ ■ r i- , tv Tn.nh fKo,«„„„cu 11 . f . , and iwanutactunng .Society in each Judnyiil D. ioinb, the rose ot the world not a fragrant rose ; trict. = j * , Mrs Eunice Pratt, formerly Eunice Galfield,w was taken captive by the Indians, on the surpri of Brigham's Port, in Hindsale, N. H. in 17.55,a, carried into Canada, is now living in the town Dana, in Worcester County, at the advanced a of XCVI. The Hingham Gazette completes the number GO newspapers daily, tri-weekly, semi-weekly, ai for she w ho used to exale perfume, has now a dis- gusting odour." In English we might say : Wihin this dark and silent tomb repose The bones of her once styled the world's fair rose ; How changM, alas, is Rosamond the fair Whose fragrance once perfumed the ambient air. At a celebration of the anniversary of a British Farming Society, some years ago, a clergyman, - .. .. who was a member, read a very pleasant essay to ! '■''^'^^^J^ "O^" published in this commonwealth of giving the following toasts at pub- I ^ f ''^"'''' ^'"'■'"' ''^^ advanced this seeming :— ' The British Tars of Old England.' \ P"f ''°f't''f t.^'^/'i//'''' men know how to tale a walk; prove that the best animal, that could be brought upon a farm, was — a good wife. Whenever desirable superfluities are imported, been for many years an Alderman of London, and I industry is excited, and thereby plenty is produc- for some time was a Representative of that city , ^^' Were only necessaries permitted to be pur- in Parliament. Yet he is generally believed to be chased, men would work no more than was neces- a man of shallow mind, grossly ignorant and il- ! ^^''^ ^"^ ^^^^ purpose. — Franklin. literate. Among the absurdities attributed to I him is that of lie dinners — ' A speedy peace, and soon.' ' The three C's — Co.x, King, and Curtis.' At a school dinner, 'The three R's — Reading, Riting, and Rithmetic' The female Ladies of London.' And at a dinner which was attended by two royal brothers, and at which the Adelphi' [the Brothers] was given, in compli- ment to them as a toast, he said, 'Well, gentlemen, as you are toasting public buildings, I'll give you theMansion-House !' At a City festival, some years ago, having in- dulged very freelyj he fell asleep, when some wa. and indeed, it is true, that few know how to take a walk with a prospect of any other pleasure than the same company would have afforded at home. Johnson. Simple diet is best; for many dishes bring many diseases ; and rich sauces are worse than even heaping several meats upon«ach other. — Pliny. of which are published in this city. Tlie Small Po.x is said to prevail at New Yor Persons who have not had the disease, and wl have occasion to visit that city, should take cai to be vaccinated. We learn from the York Observer, that the d rectors of the Welland Canal have petitioned tl parliament of Upper Canada.for a further grant $200,000, to aid in its completion. Valuable Farm for Sale. Oil WEDNESDAY, the 7th day of fehruary next, 10 o'clock, on the premises, « ill be sold at Auctio That well known Farm, fitualpd in Lynn, about mile from the Holel occupied the past season ! v | U' ley Choate. consisting of the followin", viz. six;v acr of good tillage land, mostly down fo English Ora' on it is two young orchards of apple trees, "of food i lection of fruit ; one hundred ttn acres wood and p: ture land, which has on it a handsome quarry of rod' suitable for spliUing and dressing, situated hti The Europeans" are themselves blind, who des cribe fortune without sight. No first-rate beauty from a wharf Where^they can be takr'n off "hy a iio-i ^ ever had finer eyes, ^saw more clearly; they ! There is a commodious I.lwellinfhouse hnilt in the wrote his epitaph, which was found the next morn" i who have no other trade but seeking their fortune i "'Sf f°""' 'Y"'?''»'" !'? ing pinned to the baronet's coat : need never hope to find her; coquette-like,she flies Here lies the great Curtis, Of London Lord Mayor, Ht has left this here world, And gone to that there. = ; chaise house and fr 1 corn barn ; shed, and large hog stye ; the whn from her pursuers,and at lak fixes on'the plodding i t:^"^Z'^ IZ'^ .veils 0?';'^ ^ ta7 n,':' hi mechanic, who stays at home and minds his busi ness. — Goldsmith. TEMPERANCE. The' I look old, yet am I strong and lusty ; For in my youth I never did apply Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood; Nor did I with unbashful forehead woo The means of weakness and debility ; Therefore my age is a lusty winter. Frosty but kindly. Shahpeare. About the commencement of the year, I one day overtook my neighbour, who, the last year, practised " entire AEST^^■E^•cE" in the use of and barns ; all Ihe land is adjoining and near the bou! and enclosed with a good stonewall. PnrchasiTs ai . I requested to call and examine the Farm, pre\icuslii Three removes are as bad as a fire ; and Jjgep j '^^^ay pfsa'e. Terms wi'l be msde fasy. For fui « thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee ; and again, I '^'"' P=»''''^"'«''^' '"^V'^e of THOMAS A PPFFD, J; if you would have your business done, go ; if not,' „, wM CUXT^WFii^^Py^' i send Again He that by the plough would thrive, Himself must either hold or drive. And again.the eye of the master will do more work ! '^""^ than both his hands; and again, want of care does more damage than want of knowledge; and ao-ain, not to oversee workmen is to leave them your purse open, " or WM. L>inn, Jan. IMh, U!27. CHADWELL, Aucl'i TO FARMFRS_To let. a farm containing 35 .rrf of land, a large and comfortable house, barn. fee. Tli '"" 'of good quality " " -Franklin. Mr White, ardent snirit"! Well =,;,( t n.„ " "■•' 7-,"*! "^' v.niie, in his letter on the Florida cana Sin this^jr as yl did u"larp^Yl'!l-f 1° '" 1 '",'^"''°"^, '''^' /^.^ ^!?"^>'^ "« -^ yet sufticiently i r.r-ward,_ t o^ be But, have you enjoyed as goo year as you did formerly ? Yes, ^„,. Did you work as well through the 'hoTwerth and of easy cultivation. Ther are on the place a variety of choice young fruit free- which are just b^-ginniiig to bear ; also 10 acres of pea meadow, on which could be cut enough fuil for thi family, and is an excellent nianure. s'aidvfarra is situ ated in fambridge, about 4 miles from lioston marVet The terms will be on a lease fr»m six to ten ve.irs Ihf first year's rent to be expended for manu d out in the same . * v. -^.-t.^. vi* vi»,^ .L lui lua i-anux j "■ ^i /^ "■ ^I'ni iit i;t- t-.^penneo lor manure and a pari re >ou going to he- I mentions that the surveys are not yet sufticiently I ^^''^a'd' to be laid out in the same manner even t. les, said he.— .advanced to admit of a report beiuT made. If once ' T'"'-"'''''^ ^^"" "'^•■'■' » ''p^irable opportunity to a! d health the past completed, Cuba would no longe°r be the key to ','"'. C™^' '1'".'"''""'' ^"'' ''"'"■P"''"? ''""'<■'■■ N" ""^ , I think better. tbp Cnlf r,f Movi^,, «» I i > ■ ^ ''"t who can bnnsr recommendations as heino- such nee^ .u. ,._. ,, the Lrult ot Mexico. St John's river opens a navi-'aoDlv. THOMAS RHPWrr ^,« u,.!?' . .. Yes quite Have von nr, K "^i"""^ ""r '"T""',"' '■ I gation for steam boats for 100 miles, at an average xes, quite. Have you no hankering for It wiien breadth of two miles. ~~ " apply. THOMAS BREWFR. 416 Washington str'l much fatigued ? No, none at all. Fo°od refreshei §10,000 would open the I 0O".P"blished everv Friday at Three Dolla and rPcnTits me more than «nirV 7'.'=^"«M navigation from lat. 28 30, to Cape Remain, in i """vPr^^.'^ ^t the end of the vear-but those ^h« r-crmts me more than spirit used to.— I ( South Carolina. : P^ywithm sixty days from the time of subscribing .arr entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 'ta I'be: rOJ.. V. Published by John B. Russell at Ko. .Vi Xorlii Market Strcot, (opposite Fanucii Hall).— Thomas G.'Fessk.nuen, Kuitor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1827. No. 29. AGiUCULTURE. SALT MARSHES. R Editok — 1 have read in the Fartt.er of to- tlie second letter of the Hon. .lohn Welles, iarshes. The subject is in excellent hands, mo time since I sufrgestod in your paper Iho of some spirited and competent gentleman's rtaking the recovering of the Lyn i marshes. iild now sugpfcst some propositions to be made ic, provided Mr Welles should not make them .s future numbers. Would it do to overflow the marshes during mn and winter, or after an upland crop has gathered, and before the time of sowing in Sir, — I take the liberty of troubling you with a few iniiuiries, in consoquence of uu application made to me by , who says he has rented a farm under you, and crin refer to you for his ch.ir- acter and respectability, for permission to take an i-.ssignmeut of a lease of a farm of which I have the control. You will, thrcfore, oblige me by in- forming me vvliat is Ins character. Whether he is iionest, sober, frugal, industrious ? Whether lie is observant of hie engagement with his landlord and others ? Whether he is contented or encroaching, coijipliant or obstinate, cunning or sincere, good tempeicd or churlish ? Whether he stands to his word, or takes all such advantages as he legally can .' What capital you suppose him to have ? VVhat sort of an education he has had ; whether he is intelligent or stupid, eager to acquire new information in matters of farming, or adheres to fould it do to overflow them every alternate J years, that is, keep out salt water two years (raise upland crops, and then overflow for two! that which contented his grandfather ? Whether &,c. Perhaps in this way the sea would [■vate the soil exhausted by two summers. How would three or four feet deep ploughing To secure the benefits of alternate flowing I dry soil, locks would be necessary. (was sorry to see no premiu-iis offered for »a- 1 grape wine, and for cotton as well as for silk. abundance of home-made wine is the best I'ention of drunkenness and intemperance — cultivation of the grape has increased much iiin a few years, and it might be advanced he has an improved method of farming.' Does he lay his dung on for wheat, or for his turnips, beans, and clover.' Does he drill or use broad- cast.' Does he use two or four horses in his plough? Does he feed his hay grass, or mow it .' How many sheep per acre did he keep on your farm ? tain a very extensive and clear description of cul- ture, manner of preparing, use, utility,&c. of these productions. If he could have ocular information, it would be still better, and all he has .seen or heard concern- ing that object,must be committed to paper on the spot, also by duplicate ; which trifling trouble would be higlily compensated if by some accident or other one copy should be lost. In many instances it would be advisable to make our fortunate discoveries known to our friends who are in the agricultural line, because good things cannot be known too soon ; aud travellers are sumetimes exposed to !o.se their papers and valuable informations which are not always to be regained. Instruments and tools calculated for lessening the fatigues of the husbandman are so much the more desirable, as there are many people annual- ly enervated and lost, by violent efforts of labour, which it is expected, will be a great excitement fur the traveller's utmost exertions to bring to light inventions of tliis nature. All contrivances for clearing land from weeds, ploughing, sowing, reaping, threshing, grinding How many crops running did he use to take, or corn, draining and flooding lands, approved meth- wo'ild he have taken, if he had been permitted .' ods of raising grass and vegetables, planting tim- Diil he leave the land clean for the incoming ten- ber and fruit trees, selling and transporting tim- ant ? especially were his last year's wheat stub- ber, sawing mills of all kinds, ingenious construc- blcs clean .' Did he buy much hay and other fod- tions of carts, and in general, all real improve- I h more by judicious premiums. High authori- ''"' ^""^ ^'"'"? °" ^^^ <""'"■ °' ^'^ ''^ ^f, hay and Lens that every state in the union p0sse5.es ' '""'^"'"""? his term, or at the end of it.' Does les, capable by cultivation of producing good table wine. I beg leave respectfully to draw r attention to this point. s to Cotton, I know we cannot become a cot- growing state, but I still think experiments jld be made occasionally, to ascertain how far fall short of certain points — how much we can -and what God and Nature has done for us. Yours very respectfully, oston, Feh. 2, 1827. F. H. P. FOR SCALDS AND BURNS. iVIr Fessende.v — The following recipe will be id singularly efficacious in cases of scalds burns, if applied in time, and will even remove ammation after it has taken place. At this in- Kient period, when children are peculiarly liable iccidents from fire, every parent sliould be pro- d with it : nseed oil and lime water, each eqoal parts — | bottle to be .-shaken previous to application, as ingredients will separate — lint or a piece of n to be applied to the burn and kept constantly iirated with the liniment. C. iosion, Feb. 2, 1827. he soil his beasts and his horses ' Did he keep his fences good and accurate, and attend nicely to the doing of his repairs ? Did he thrash by hand or machine ? Is he a sportsman ? What was your motive for parting with him ? Is ho careful in in- creasing manure ? and does he lay it on the land hot and fresh, or keep tt till it is rotten ? Was it upon the chalk land that he held a farm under you, or upon the sand, gravel, or clay .' — The an- swer to some of these queries may not, perhaps, lie within your knowledge, unless you take pleas- ure in farming ; but if you would answer such as you can, you would confer on ine a favour. If| leisure should permit you to address a line to me by next week, I should thankfully acknowledge the obligation. P. S. — Does he lay out money ^ith spirit in cleaning, manuring, and improving land, or is he close ? Vn esteemed friend at Philadelphia has sent us following article, taken from an English journ- A country gentleman has published the follow- : letter, dated from the Temple, London, receiv- by a friend of his in the country, for the char- er of a tenant quitting a farm, regarding it as /el and curious to agriculturists — to London j snts, ingenious and instructive — and comprehen- e and amusing to the public : — | Useful Inquiries for patriotic Travellers. It mu.st be the greatest comfort to a feeling mind to increase the methods of subsistence of our fellow-creatures, by an improved agriculture, by introducing useful plants, &c. that hitherto have not been cultivated in the country. A traveller may easily procure himself that pleasure ; he ought to get a list of the most cele- brated husbandmen in the country, visit them, and inform himself of the most minute, as well as the most lucrative productions of rural economy; com- pare that account with the list of the productions of his country, of which he must carry a duplicate on his setting out from home ; and if he finds any seeds, roots or plants unknown in his country, neither trouble nor expense must be spared to ob- |theTr^^nVeni^ous "inventions tend"w7topromVtr'the ments in rural and domestic economy, deserve the greatest care and attention. A travpller should get a list of all the societies for the promotion of agriculture and other useful arts, which are to be found in the countries he visits : and permission will easily be obtained from the respective societies, to survey the repositories of their machines; to know for what objects pre- 'iiiums have been given and promised ; in what they commonly consist, &c. Perhaps it will not be difficult to get models, prints, or drawings of the machines in question, and the necessary ex- planations of them. It would also be advisable to establish an inter- course by letters, with the secretary, or some ac- tive member of each society, in order to be inform- ed from time to time of any new and beneficial dis- coveries. Instructions procured by conversations with vir- tuous and well informed men are very pleasing be- cause a man may learn with ease in a short time, what has cost them an unwearied application of many years. The maxims and remarks of such men should be carefully treasured up, and the ffreatest part of a traveller's time spent in theii company, as far ns it can be done without incon venience to them. A traveller who is so happy as to be admitted into an intimacy with men of merit should endeavor at his departure from the place of their residence, to establish an epistolary inter- course and friendly connexion with them, inform them of any important discoveries made in his tour, and beg them to acquaint him of anything useful to mankind that may have been produced by them, or communicated to them by others. An inquisitive traveller should also procure the address of all able artists, and a minute account of 226 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Feb. D, 18-i? happiness of their fellow creatures. It will be ad- viseable to visit this useful class of men as soon as possible, anil to communicate to them such discov- eries as have been made in tlie traveller's country relative to the public good, and of which he should have a very minute description on his setting out. A traveller will see a manufacture to much more advantage, and be enabled to ask more instructive questions about the business carried on in it, if he will he at the trouble, before hand, to read the whole description of its worltmanship in some dic- tionary of arts; by these means he will he prepar- Preserving JFood, Dry rot in timber may be prevented by charring the ends of the joints, and fixing them in anchor- smith or foundry ashes, laid under the flooring. — Leaving one of the boards of the floor loo.se, and removing it at night, is sai 1 to prevent it. Paint- ing wood before the sap is dry, hastens its decay. [Gleanings of flusbandry. HORTICULTURAL ITExMR. From Loudon's Gardejier's Magazine 182G. ed for' its inspection,'and''rnow'''chiefl7whart'o i r, ^«"--^\°™ /^"^'l experiments made by Mr look for, and wherein the greatest difficulty con- i ^'""w ? ,-.' u ,"l" "'^'^^'"g °' '^^ Bath and West of England Society, it appears that salt is " not so valuable as manure, as in making corn look for, and wherein the greatest difficulty con sists. [Count Berchtold's Ess.iy to direct and e.x tend the inquiries of Patriotic Travellers, &c.] Chinese method of Propagating Fruit Trees. The Chinese strip a ring of bark about an inch in width from a bearing branch, surround the place with a bale of fat earth, or loam bound fast [grainj ripen earlier than it would otherwise do, that is, it is not a manure at all, but merely a stim- ulant." [The contradictorv opinions as to the efficacy of,— , ,, ^ ■ ■ ' -- &-■ salt on the soil, lead to the conclusion, that its "'"' •;';'°""<^ 'he >nost poA-er/ul a^xnl for utility cannot be depended on; and that the pros- prevent decay, by exhausting moisture. Pa' timber which retains the natural sap, accel rather tlian retards, putrefaction.] Dr Von Martins, who has travelled thK^ , in Brazil, is publishing in two quarto volnines plates, a description of 2000 new plants disrov' by him in that country. Mulberries—The company for the prouiotio silk in Ireland, imported, last sjinng, 'iOC.lHiO i berry trees from the gulf of Lyons,''and J..l,l t at cost, 4d. They are also cultivating an ex sive nursery of the mulberry. A paper was read before the Horticultural ciety on the Gth June, from Mr Sweet, on tlie tivation of marsh plants, as canna, hydr:iii._f.a, in pots filled with sp3gnum,or muss, which are'i cessfully cultivated in this way. ',: Germination of Seeds —The presence of o.^j gas being the princip.al requisite for gt:ri,,in;il to the branch with a piece of mattin.r ; over tliis t !'■' ,-", V- "^'"•'■""r ""' "■"" ""'"■ ""'' 1'™^- they suspend a pot, or horn, with wat"er, having a ' If f^ " "°' ""'^'"^'^t 'o counterbalance small hole in the bottom just sufficient to let the i ''^^^^•^.''"^'^•J . ^ . water drop, in order to keep the earth constantlv i r ^"'*'"'=, -y^' ondplanis in foreign eovntries.- moist. The branch throws new roots into the ■ " ^ P,"™''"^' °" t'".^ ^''bject, prepared by Mr earth just above the place where the ring of bark ' f^'"u ^^' ^°'' "'®'"'' ??'"' collectors of the Hor- was stripped off. The operation is performed in i ^"^''""'^' ^"^"^^y- =^"'1 '^^^^'^ ^^"-■'' f'e following ■^ directions are given : the spring, and the branch is sawn oft' and put into the ground at the fall of the leaf. The following year it will bear fruit. [Domestic Encyclopedia'] I. Seeds. In cold counlries, dry them well, and place them in dry and airy parts of the ship. In tropical countries, keep the seed in the vessels or Directions to keep a varnished Coach clean. I P*"^^' ""'' ^'""^i' ^^^"^ '" ''O' paper; but clean seed's Dip a sponge in clean water, and wash off all ; °^ '"^'""'^s, or eatable stone-fruits, from their pulp, the mud immediately when the carria-re comes in ■ ' "*'"'' "'®'" '" P"'''^''' ""'''^^ *'"^>' ""^ "''y °^ then take a piece of woollen cloth, dtpned in rot- ^'"^".""r ,^* ^'"^ ""^ "'^^ "^''' ^"""^ '''""' '" •='•"'>'• ten stone Jinely powdered, and passed throuo-h a i mango, of the guttiferK.raagnoliaces, fine sieve, and rub it pretty hard till the Hoss ^'"^'■"^'=^'^- =^'"""13 ^"'^ walnuts, may be thus con fine sieve, and rub it pretty hard till the gloss comes out, then take a piece of soft flannel dipped in linseed oil, and rub over the pannel, and with °'^""[J"°^'' ' °'' sown in bo.xes of earth. " Scp5: another piece dipped in fine flour, rub off the oil I ,"''''" ''^ =>l'owed to cross the equator, be another piece dipped in fine flour, rub off the oi,. Care must be taken not to let the oil remnin too long on the pannel. [Ibid.] veyed from hot countries much better than by any o'her mode ; or sown in boxes of eartli. " Scptis cause the extreme heat and h,umidity of the equi- noctial atmosphere universally prove destructive to their vegetative powers." 2. Cuttings of fruit frees.— In the winter season stick their lower end in a potato, or lump of well tempered moist clay, then pack in moss, &c. 'I have received many cuttings from the London An improved method of making the Coffea Beverage. To an ounce of coflee add a common tea spoon- ful of the best flour of mustard seed, previous to the boiling. To those unacquainted with the ,^' "''^ '"''"'^''^'""''"y cuttings from the London method, it is inconceivable how much it imoroves ^'"''^'="''""1 Society, stuck in potatoes, packed in the fragrancy,fineness, transparency, and grateful T' '""i ^°^'.''"^ ">»' ""^ °f t^em dead, though ly quick flavour of the beverage and prob'kb'v too ° u? leaf buds bursting, and sometimes it adds to its wholesomeness. [Earn Rec BnoW 1 '",.'''°"«°™- Of twelve kinds of strawberries,with _ > ■ ■' a little dirt attached to their roots, and packed in To purify Lemon Juice. \ '"°^^> f™'" 'he same society, eight lived and did Add one ounce of pulverised, well burnt char- i ''^."' r „ , , coal, to a quart of lemon juice ; after standino- • .-.f ,f 'f '"'^'.'"- '-'^i^rous rooted plants.—Bty them twelve hours, filter the juice throu<.h whitp mJ \ ' ^" , ^ "S'^ture in their outer coats is exhaust twelve hours, filter the juice through white blot- ting paper ; it will keep good several years in a cellar, in a bottle well corked : a thick crust will form beneath the cork, and the mucilage will fall to the bottom. [Ibid.] ed, and then treat them much in the same way as seeds. 4. Living shruhs, or herhaceous plants Plant them in square wooden boxes, and place these close together in a large box, with a glass lid, as described and figured in the Ency. of Gard. sect 1405. The compression oftirnher, by passing plank be- Best preparation of Hack lead for cleaning stoves. Mi.x powder of black lead with a little common I t';,^ . • r.-, . gin, or the dregs of red Port wine, and lay it on L compression of tvmher, by passing plank be- the stove with a piece of linen rj- then with . T''''*" ''°'i!"' ^""^ '^'^'y ^een made the subject of clean, dry and close, but nut hard brush, dinned in i ''! ^""^Tu "IV'''' "''•"''' '" '*' P'-^^^^^tion from dried black lead powder, rub it to ^ J^^^-f;," ! f-'y '■.°'' ^y expelhng moisture and closing the in- brightness. This will be found to produce a much i .t'^"^- , , , . ^ finer and richer black varnish on the cast iron^h^^n I , , ^ *"" "^'"'■'' '^P "'^ "'"''^' ''^°""^' '" ^'^S^t^- either boiling the black lead with small besr and I ^'V'!"'"'^' '''r''' ^''""'^ ^^''^^' "^""^^^ fermentation soap, or mixing it with white of eJ'Vcwbic ! Ti "'''™'''' '''''■ ''''"" ''"^ '^ expelled, by are the methods commonly practised fDombstic ' '•"' ^^turation in water, and then drying,com- Encyclopedia.] ' '' P''"S'on. charring, or a complete coat of paint,wiH ing this gas, it has been found that het steeped in the chloric fluid, are accelerjti ' :a f ^rermin.ition ; and that others that app. . le] have lost their faculty of germination liavv rei ered it by the same process. — Humboldt. Grafiing — M. Louis Noisette has publi.-lied description of 137 modes of grafting. Most them are the invention of the late Professor 1 tiiu, and described by him in the Musee Franc; as well as exainplified in the Jardin des Plants Employment of bones as manure. — The Tlie i?r Maselet has addressed a letter to M. .i.t de Dcmbaslo on this subject. In a late i-n Sicotland, he found thom equally effecti^ , ■; dy and clayey soils, and that their bei, felt for thirty ye.irs. On humid and i: p, soils they are of little use ; but on o-i-,,, ], they areverv beneficial.— ^nnZ. de VAi^rir />, -Vot'. 182.'). Three steam mills and a horse mill ha\p l,-i been erected in the neighborhood of Liiicoln.I- for gri.nding bones for agricultural purpo.^rs. ' (ground bones are used a: the rate of from tc: twenty bushels the acre, the most on poor soils [Tbe use of bones as manure would cssentii promote the interests of American husbMii.lrv They might be collected in abundance in our la cities, and beaten to pieces with hammers ; " even buried whole, their beneficial eflccts 'v be greatly prolonged ^ Advantages of runing fruit trees in summ.^ The removal of shoots and leaves at this seal according to M. Ilempel.removes also a niimbei caterpillars and eggs of insects, conseqiien'Iv birds devour a greater portion of what r.-i: ,i; Ann. Pomolng. VAlten. 1824. We mav ;. ; I. ! wounds heal more quickly in the summer seas and that the cherry is apt to e.vude gum wi pruned at any other season of the year.— Loun' [Leaves elaborate the juices, mid prepare I food for the plant. Too great a defoliation, the fore, retards the growth of the plant, and n sometimes induce disease and death.] Power nf vegetable life.— A branch of the d delon coccinea was presented to Professor Gaz; ri in Jan. 1824. Althouoh it had been separat from the mother branch more than sixteen mon! during which time it had been wrapped up in i per, and set aside by accident in a dark, dry pla. yet it was in full vegetation, aflnrding a strong lustraticn of the vital power of some prants. Per. Ency. 23, p. ; Brussels, Antwerp, and a number of surroundii i ^ i.v .\o.a!t. ivi:w ENGLAND farimi:k. 227 instead of conliiiinc; llieir hiiiatii-s in lios- pcnsion tlicm (uit amoii'T the l':irniors, where them improve in health, some of them make lie workmen, and a few recover entirelj'. — '.■?S"- (ics Pai/s. Ras.. Jan. l!^9U. •s. — The Roynl Society of Sciences nt Co- jen, Iinvc offered a prize of 101)0 crowns for ;st essay of applying bones as a maniiro. culturai Schools. — The Airricultiiral Socie- ^[oscow,ovor which Prince (ialit/en presides, which the late Emperor Alexander gave a of land near Moscow, tor a farm, woes on well, eighty pnpils from various part.s of Russia, from kamschatka : and the journal of its '"': edin^s has been so much in demand, that St volumes have been reprinted, e number of Ai.n-icu!tural schools in Switzer- increasing from day to day. That which tablislmd in the canton of Zurich in ISlB.is ' most flourishing state ; that of Hoffwyl, the which was established in Switzerland, still ains its reputation; that of Cane, near Gene- id that of Basle, arc comparatively recent ishments, but give every promise of success. | le establishtiient of agricultural schools in the d States would produce a now era in our imlry. But what is a paradox, the warmest ition comes from farmers, who, constituting ijority in onr legislatures, hold the public !-slrings. So they wish to keep agriculture B level of their own capacities! Are they us lest their children should be wiser than fathers ? There is scarcely an operation of andry but what is connected with principles ience ; and a knowledge of these principles id enable the rural manager to direct his la- with certainty of result, and economy of ex- They would expand his mind, polish his icrs and tend to i-ender liim an ornament and a ing to society. What intelligent farmer but d like to hear a Sinclair, a Davy, a Coke,&c. erse upon husbandry ? Yet what is reading • works, but hearing t'lem converse. Books us a description of the successful methods of ucting every branch of farming, and science hes us the rationah, or cause of their being successful. — Science teaches the medical 1 the anatomy of the human frame, the quality lie various simples and compounds which he 'leys, and their effect upon the patient, and lers tributary to him the skill and discoveries ledical genius of his own and preceding ages, nee teaches the agriculturists the nature rn^. erties of the plants which grow upon it, tiie which is adapted to nourish them respective- the best manner of its preparation and appli on ; and it also renders tributary to him the I and discoveries of practical genius and sci- fic research of his own and preceding 6i;ps.] Vmnv, 18-37. J. B. (i(:». Il'iinfiiitslon's Hor/c.i. — It is with great satisfaction that we learn, that Mr Jared Sparks, Editor of the North American Review, has made p.rraugemcnts with Judge Washington for puh- li.-liing an entire edition of " General Washing ton's Works," to consist of his letters to the Gov- crnnr of Virginia during the French war, his State Papers, Official Correspondence, both niilit^iry and civil, such of his private letters as may be deemed suited for publication ; the whole to be comprised in a series of volumes, with notes and illustrations by the esteemed editor. [Nat. Intel!.] &'. Grapes. — In South Carolina, a person by name of Herbemont, made the last year, from pecies of Madeir^-. grape, 150 gallons of fine 'onred wine. He disposed of the whole of it dily at $'2 per gallon. (Vine is made in S. Carolina from grapes raided land too poor and sandy for cotton or corn. — om experiments made, it appears that the yield such lands will be worth .$100 annually, per •e. The quantity of Hops inspected in Albany, NY. b late three months, was .55,828 pounds. WORTHY OF IMITATION. We learn from the last Paterson Intelligencer, lliat a Philosophical Society has been formed in that town, by a number of young men, principally mechanics and jirofessional gentlemen, designed for mutual advancement in the knowledge oftlie various branches of Philosophy. A correspondent of the Intelligencer remarks— " It is pleasing for me to be able to state, that I heard an Introduc- tory Lecture delivered on the principles of matter, by a young man, in plain and unaffected language, which really astonished me, and which would not have disgraced a collegia] professor." A museum and Library for the Society have been commenced, and progress has been made in procuring an appa- ratus for philosophical experiments." [Flemington, N. J. Gaz.] Transparent Tarts. — Take a pound of fine well diied and sifted flour, then beat an egs till it be- comes quite thin, melt throe quarters of a pound of clarified fresh butter to mix with the egg, as soon as it is sufficiently cool pour the whole into the centre of the flour, and make up the paste ; roll it extremely thin, make up the tarts, and whtn setting them in the oveB,wet them over with a very little water, and grate a small quantity of line su- gar on them. If they are baked lightly, they will, it is said, be very fine indeed. A ill sciiptinii oillu- iiivinliou, niujl he given in clear lanj:u:i«;''« and corrrclly written, accompaniid by cliawiLJ? in peisi.ective and delail, where necessary to illnatrale it. V\ here the invunlion is a composition of Dialter, specimens of the in«rretiients and of the com- piisilioii iif matli r siiificieut in quanlily for the purpose or' experiment, and lo preserve in the Cabinet of the Society, will he expected. The Committee consist of the following gentlemen : .Iamks Mkase, M. 1). Vice I'res. I'hil. Agric. Soc. Robert Hark, M.D. Prof. Chem. Univer. I'enn. .Ia.iik.3 UorrALrsozt, Pres. Franklin Institute, S. W. Conrad. Lecturer on .Mineralogy. W.-vi. Hembei. Jr. Win. Phimps. OARDEH A2?D FXEI.D SEEDS. The proprietors of the New England Farmer and the Agricultural Establishment inform the public tlial they have made arrangements for selling Gar- den, Herb, Flower and Grass Seeds, Bulbous Flower Roots, ^-c. of every description. They have just received from Mess. Thorburn & Son of New York, a fresh assortment, among which are PRICES AT NEW YORK.— Feb. .3. Clover seed - 9 to 10 cents per lb. Hops . - 18 ' i Beef, mess, new, 8.7.5 to 9.75 per bbl. Pork, mess, new, 11.75 to 12.00 ' Cheese, American, 6+ to 10 per lb. Wool, merino. Am. fleece 35 to 45 ' Oak woorl has been selling at ten dollars a cord at New-York. Philcdelphi/i Society for promoting Agriculture. JOHN SCOTT, Chemist, late of EdinHur?h, by his Will, made in the year 1816, bequeathed the sum nf four thousand dolhrs \a the funded (href per cent. Stock of the United States, to the Corporaiion nf the city of Philadelphia, to the intent " thai the interest and dividends to become receivable thereon, 'hould be laid out in Premiums to te distributed amonj ingen- ious men and women, who mike useful inventions, but no such Premium to exceed Twenty Dollars : and that therewith shall be given a copper medal with this inscription— "To TnE most Desertinc." — The Se- lect and Common Councils of the city of Fhiladelpia, having entrusted " the Philadelphia Society for promo- ting .Agriculture," with the distribution of the afore- said prf niiums and medals, and a committee of that •Society having been app' inted to attend thereto, they will receive applications for (he same. Certificates of the originality and utility of the in- vention, mn?t accompany the applications, which may he direct "to the Committee of the Philadelphia So- ciety for promoting Agricultu.i-e, on Scott's legacy," and forwarded free of expence. Windsor beans, China dwarf do White kidney do Warrington do Refugee do Mazagnn do J White onion j Red do I Yellow do i Parsnip, Parsley, J Early frame peas, Charlton do Red pole cranberry do 5 Dwarf Imperial do Dutch case-knife do 5 Turnip beet Blood do Dwarf prolific do i ' ' marrowfat do 'i Tall sugar do. 5 Early Washington peas 5 Lucerne [very early S Squash pepper 5 Cayenne do I Scarlet radish i Salmon do 5 Red turnip do J White do do I Black do do i Purple do do 5 Round spinage S Prickly do \ Early bush squash 5 Crook neck do 5 Salsafy, vegetable oyster ' Early Dutch t'irnip { Red top do i White Norfolk do I ' Stowe do 5 Ruta baga do I Tomatoes Thyme I Sweer marjoram i Savoury Sage '. Asparagus Artichoke I Warrington do 5 Early turnip blood beet ; Purple cape Brocoli I White onion 5 Red do. J Yellow do. 5 White clover I Red top grass t Early cauliflower 5 Late do. I Early horn carrot 5 Okra' ' Green curled endive 5 Ruta Baga As the season for making hot beds is now- at hand, gentlemen in want of Early Cabbage, Cauli- flower, Lettuce, &c. can be furnished with the seed. White scarcity do Brussels sprouts Early York Cabbage ' sugar loaf do ' Battersea Sugarloaf Drumhead Red Dutch Green Savoy Yellow Savoy Madeira Tnnnisball Drumhead Ice coss Green White Solid Celery Red do Horn Carrot Orange do Early Cucumber Long do London leek Early lettuce Cabbage do Pine apple melon Green citron do Nutmeg do Purple egg plant Sallad mustard Nasturtion Mangel Wurtzol Large Norfolk turnif Curled Cress do. Long cucumber Girkin do. Green Turkey do. White do. 228 NEW ENGLAND FARMEll. Feb. 9, 18a7 Ji From the JVallonal Gazette. PHILADELPHIA SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING AGRI- CULTURE. Annual Meeting, Jan IG, 18'27. — Dr. Mease Vice-president, in the cliair. — Tlie following otS- cers were unanimously re-elected : President. — Richard Peters. Vice Presidents. Wm. Tilghman, Nicholas Biddle, James Mease, I. C. Jones. Secretary and Librarian. — W. S. Warder. Treasurer. — W. M. Walmsley. Corresponding Committee. Richard Peters, James Mease, Wm. Tilghman, John Vaughan, Z. Collins. Curators. Reuben Haines, Stephen Duncan, R. Vaux, Jer. Warder, John II. Powel. From the Hingham Gazette. ON THE PRESERVATION OF OLD FRI TREES. The raising of good fruit is justly consider^ our most eulighttned agriculturalists a busine The following communications were read : — 1. On the importance of the manufacture of Par- mesan Cheese to the United States, by Dr. Mease, ■with details of the process, from different authori- ties. 2. A letter to the chairman, from Benjamin Har- rison, of Berkley, Charles city Co. Virginia, re lating additional facts of the ellicacy of a drench of cedar-berries in curing the murrain in cattle. — An account of this remedy, by Mr H. is contained in the 5th volume of Memoirs of the Society. 3. By Mr. Philips on the culture of Rape, and its use as a winter food for cattle. 4. On the extraordinary e.xcellence of South- down Mutton, determined by a recent trial of the saddle of a wether, imported in the year ]8'24, and subjected to tlie ordinary keep of a Pennsylvania farm, without grain. 5. By Mr Powel, on breeding Cattle and Sheep. — on the adaptation of different breeds to the vari- ous purposes, climates and soils of the United States. 6. The committee appointed to examine the sheep offered for the premium proposed at the last an nual meeting, viz. " A silver cup, value the best specimen of long or combing wool, refer- ence being liad to tlie form, properties,and charac- teristics of the animal, affording most flesh and tal- low witli least offal, — reported in favour of Mr Powel's " thorough bred Dishloy sheep, recently imported by him from England." Mr Powel having exhibited one of his imported heifers of the improved Durham short horn breed, ■ tlic.^ ommittee added, " she possessed in a liigh degree, all the fine points for which that valuable and beautiful breed of cattle is celebrated Not ■withstanding she had been kept, thus far, through the winter vvithout grain, she was in high condi- tion ; the best evidence that could be offered of her disposition to fatten on simple food." Committee — Aaron Clements, Michael Newbold, William Philips. 7. Mr Powel adduced evidence of the dairy pro perties of certain families of the improved short horned breed, among which were recent letters' from Dr Elmer of New Jersey, and Mr Carpenter of Lancaster county. lie? jiec flkit Ilk. CAUSES AND MEANS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT. The improvement of agriculture, like that of ev- ery art, manufacture, or commodity, necessarily depends on demand and production ; a powerful or effectual demand vifill ensure produce, and ex- cellent produce will, to a certain extent, create ; importance to our country. The raising of yi demand. A general nicety of taste in coach or i trees in this part of the country is attended saddle horses will call forth a superior description ' much care and labour, so difficult is it to pn of those animals, and superior animals will tempt , them from their enemies of various kinds. Ai purchasers ; if the inhabitants of any district who ' cidcnt has convinced mc that our old fruit live chiefly on barley or oats, indicate a prefer- I are of much greaier value than seems to be ; ence for wheat, and a willingness to pay for that j ally supposed, and that wu lose much benefi grain, wheat will be produced and so on. Again, I pleasure by neglecting them, as the object of every individual who engages in Within a few years I had occasion to ino' art or trade, is to acquire gain, the advancement ; considerable quantity of gravelly earth froi of an art will depend maiuly on the profits it af- } knoll and to raise the ground to the heigh fords; an art or occupation which affords less tlian ; about five feet around the trjnkofa very 1: the average profits or capital, will oniy be follow- apple tree. I had considered the tree of very^ ed by such as.l'rom habit or other reasonSjCannot ap- tie value and h:id struck a t'e-v strokes for ply themselves to anything better, but extra prof- purpose of cutting it down. But a sort of veno] its will command both capital and skill. From tion for the old tree prevealed. It occurred these considerations it is obvious that the improve- . me at the moment that tiiL; tree, probably in ment of agrisulture depends on the profits or capi- course of more than a century had, by its fruit, tal employed in it, on the taste of those who pur- • freshed and nourishe i a great number of my chase its products, and on the knowledge of those |loiv beings of several generations, and prob; who are engaged in agriculture as a profession, j some to whom I am indebted for a-11 I hold deal The desire of being comfortable is the first step | I resolved to spare this tree, although it towards improvement ; but before anything can i been several years fruitless end had all the be desired, we must know what it is. Men rest pearance of rapid decay by old ago. Its tr satisfied with what they have when they know of j was a mere shell. A man of large sh.e might nothing better. Could a taste for wheaten bread ter a hollow in the trunk, about six feet above and butcher meat be introduced generally among ' surface of the ground, and find sufficient ro.ji the operative classes in Scotland and Ireland, the conceal himself from view. advantages to agriculture would be immense. — j The gravel was raised up round this tree in t|l Could the same persons be taught to desire a i year 1817, since w-hich time it has assumed in i| greater degree of cleanliness, light and warmth in I liu'ibs, branches, foliage and fruit, all the vii^ou their cottages, a greater variety of pot herbs, sal- i and perfection of a middle aged tree. It hu ads, fruits and flowers in their gardens, and hand ! grown more and more rapidly each year anr ~oj some dresses for their wives and daughters, how ' iinuaily improves in the quantity and quahi great the general benefit ! fruit it bears. It bears a valuable fall frui; The endeavouring to impress on the minds of by the well known name in this place — " .""■ the lower classes the propriety of being contented further." vs^ith the simplest and cheapest fare, is extremely The effect of this accident led me to try an e; pernicious to the best interests ot mankind. En- pcriment on another old decaying apple tree thn comiums ought not to be bestowed on those who stood in a place where I desired such a tree t <*"0 "for '"'^ contented with mere necessaries : on the con- stand. I took away the sod and earth from aroun trary such indifference ought to be held disgrace- the tree to the depth of a foot and to the distanc ful. A taste for the comforts and enjoyments of of six feet. I then carted in coarse gravel an life should be as widely diffused as possible, and if i raised a circular mound around the tree about fou possible interwoven with the national character feet high, and then placed the earth and sod ove J and ^prejudices. This, as it appears to us, is the the gravel. This was done about three year: * best mode of attempting the amelioration of the since. The tree began, the next year,to revive am " lower classes. Luxuries, and if you will have it , to bear more abundantly, putting out young am " so, even wasteful habits are incomparably better ; thrifty branches, and promises to be of great val '' than cold sluggish apathy, which would content j ue. Another fact ought to be stated to give a fai ' itself with what can barely continue mere animal view of the experiment. The land around botl I existence. "In those countries," Ricardo judi- ' these trees has been more cultivated and enriched ciously observes " where the laboring classes have : than before the gravel was placed about them.— I the fewest wants, and are contented with the j Doubtless they have flourished belter on that aC' ' cheapest food, the people are exposed to the great- 1 count. The way in which the gravel proves sc j est vicissitudes and miseries ; they have no place ' beneficial to the trees 1 suppose to be this. On of refuge from calamity ; they cannot seek safety i land that is cultivated, the earth, in the course ol . •in a lower station; they are already so low that } time, is washed away and leaves the roots, near they can fall no lower. On any deficiency of the !the trunk, almost naked. Consequently the roots It has been proposed to give aqueduct pipes a thin coat of pitch when they are laid iu the ground, instead of whitewash aiS now practised. hief article of their subsistence there are few substitutes of wliich they can avail themselves, and dearth to them is attended with almost all the evils of famine." (Sup. Encye. Brit, art Corn Laws.) Such is the case in Ireland, where amidst the germs of the greatest riches and luxury, the inhabitants are content to live on less than any other people in the world. — London. are exposed to the severity of frost and the whole tree to be wrecked by violent winds. The grav- el protects the tree from both these causes of in- jury and probably in other ways contributes to its health and preservation. The experiment here described offers benefits of no trifling value. Around many of our old dwellings there arc tress which have been orn»- I. v.— No. 29. NEW ENGLAND 1 AKMEK. •221) and of great value for tlicir plea.sant fruit. ey arc pleasiiisr memorials oftlic virtuca of ivhom n;iturc teaclics us to respect. Tfthe cs arc cut ilown. it will disfigure tlio situa- id young trees can scarcely be expected to their places during the present generation. *;J^er, with his team, either late in tlio fall or n the spring, might in half a day revive an e, which would annually repay the whole >f his labor during many years. Seldom he farmer's labour be belter employed. The ruit of the old tree would render his even- lore pleasant at home, and have some influ- to prevent the vices so often contracted in esorts. The moral benefits resulting ciiiciits in agriculture I consider as of in- ible importance to society. h this view the writer ofiers the above com- alion for the pres*. A CITIZEN. I'KICIOS li\' PITTSBURG, I'KNN. , composition for preserving wood, when exposed The following have been given as the prices j to the injuries of the weather, is liighly i>rcferablc lately in Pittsburg, Penn. to the customary method of coating them with tar Flour, fine, 83,23— superfine $3,50— Wheat, 50 and ochre. [Family Receipt Hook.] cents, in demand — Rye, 25— Corn, 37 — Oats, 20 | Haii 'l\a. Whiskey, old, 2t), none in market— do. new, 23, | ^„ Rn^rlish writer recoiiimeii in demand. when there is a scarcity of hay, to boil as much as a person can Salt is selling in Pittsburg at three dollars per i „^^^^ ;„ |,i^ |,an,l i,, three gallons of water (and so barrel. In Indiana, at 75 cents per bushel. The ^^ proportion for any greater or smaller quantity,) rise is attributed to the late purchase of the wells J ^^^ j,- j|,y ^^^ter is poured boiling hot on the liay" it along the Kiskiminetas river, by a company from . ^ju ang^vpr nearly as well. Give it to tlie cattle \ irginia. L^d horses to drink when cold ; or if the cattle or //•on.— It is said th7t there are beds of Iron o.e ' horses are any way ill, and under cover, give it ; '" I in the country woot of Lake Champlaia, sufficient \ 'hetn blood warm. The cattle and horses will not "■*""' to supply all nations with iron. It is expected , seem to like it at first, but if they are kept till that 'JOOO tons of bar iron will be sent from a sin- they are very thirsty they will drink freely of it gle establishment through the northern canal the 1 ^vor afterwards netit season. SINGUL.VR i)lSKASE. the Argus, published at Frankfort, Ken. of )th inst. we find it stated, thuL a few days be- motion was made in the Senate of that by Mr Carneal, the Senator fioin the coun- f Booue and Campbell, who presented to the e, a petition from some of his constituents, Bg the Legislature to oflcr a reward for the ery of the cause of a disease, which, for years, in that section of country, has been to man and beast. After giving sonic details ilf, he called on Mr Gibson, the Senator from ountics of G,:llatin, Grant and Pendleton, to the Senate more full information. This gen- tated, that the disease appeared first in J early in the spring and late in the fall. It supposed to originate from some herb eaten em in tliose seasons. A beast apparently in ct health, will be suddenly siczcd with a Wing and wckness which will carry them ofi" few hours. Dogs, hogs or any other animals, eat the flesh, are immediately taken with a nt puking, after which they fall into a stupor, die in an hour and a half or two hours. Per- drinking the milk of a cow that is infected, Itaken in the same manner, and immediately He believed that within five miles of him I) worth of stock die annually, and that part of conntry had been almost stripped of cattle. — ad also known as many as from 30 to 40 per- who had lost their lives by this fata! poison. Yancey stated, that the same disease prevail- the neighborhood of Goose Creek in Tcn- iee, where he had been, .-.nd it was said, even buzzards which ate of the carcases of cattle had died with it, immediately perished. The tion was referred to a select committee of ch Mr Carneal is chairman, for the purpose of idering the subject and consulting the Medi- Paculty. The number of cattle at Brighton on Monday of last week was about 600. Many of them were sold at from 3,50 to ,f 4 per hundred ; a few went from 4,50 to ,95; and a very fine pair of oxen from Hat- field brought $5,25. For several weeks past, a- bout twice as many cattle have been driven to Brighton, as were required to supply the market ; great numbers have consequently been sold for barreling. Prices will be low as long as this glut continues. About 200 fat wethers from Hampshire county, were sold in the vicinity of Boston a few days since for about $1,80 each. Another flock of about 200 from the western part of Hampshire county passed through Nortiiampton last week on ihtir return from Brighton. The owner could not get a higher oft'er for them than fft],4'3. They were in good order, but not quite fat enough for the butcher. Two merchants in Blandford purchased the last season about 70 tons of cheese, at from 6 to 7 cents per pound ; and great quantities were dis- posed of in other places. There is probably no town in the old county of Hampshire that produces more cheese than Blandford. — Hamp. Gaz. [prepared for the new ENGLAND FARMER.] Farmers, and otiiers, in Sweden and other cold countries, who have cattle and hfirses, when they are in want of fodder, constantly pursue this meth- od, and find the good effects of it ; and there is no doubt but this method would have the same good cfiect oB sheep in severe weather, when the sheep are housed, or the land covered with snow, espec- ially if they were given a small quantity of salt. This method was followed with a cow which wns kept in a large city, for the sake of the chil- dren, where no green food could easily be got in winter, e.xcept the refuse of the vegetables used in the family. Boiling water was poured into a tub half filled with hay, and the tub was covered till cold. But the cow eat the hay as well as the tea, seemed to be fond of both, and it was thought that the milk was more plentiful. It was in fact a succedaneum for green food. Instructions fur mahing Domestic Soap. Fix your ley tub thus. Make a false bottom 4 inches from the true bottom, of any white wood: bore it full of auger holes ; lay across it sticks of white poplar.and on these 4 inches of clean straw; on the straw 0 inches of good fresh lime, trodden down; on the lime 18 inches of ashes ; on these about 4 inches more of lime ; fill up with water ; pour water on the top till it is drawn out by a spigot between the true and false bottom,tasteless; pour it into a boiler ; evaporate till a pint weighs Composition fur preserving }l'enfher-boarding. Pal- 1 16J oz ing, and all other Works liahle to be injured Melt your fat in a good deal of water containing I If the Weather. a little pot or pearlash (about Jib to a cwt. of Well burnt lime" will soon become slacked by fat) scum it; let it cool.take it off in a cake. Melt exposure-in the open air, or even if confined in a it in the boiler for making soap ; add gradually of CATS. he first couple of cats which were carried to yaba sold for a pound of gold. There was a ue of rats in the settlement, and they were chased as a speculation, which proved an ex- lent one. Their first kittens produced thirty ivas each ; the next generation were worth nty ; and the price gradually fell as the inhabi- ts were stocked with these beautiful and use- creatures. lontenegro presented to the elder Almagro the teat which was brought to South America, was rewarded for it with six hundred pesos. [Southey's Brazil.] ituation not remarkably dry, so as to crumble of itself into powder. This is called air-slacked lime, in contradistinction to that which is slacked in the usual way by being mixed with water. For the purpose of making the present composition to pro- serve all sorts of wood-work exposed to the vicis- situdes of the .weather, take three parts of this air slacked lime, two of wood-ashes, and one of fine sand : pass them through a fine sieve, and add as much linseed oil to the composition as will bring it to a proper consistence for working with a painter's brush. As particular care mu.'?t be taken to mix it properly, it should be ground on a stone slab with a proper muller, in the same manner as painters grind their white lead, &c. but where these conveniences are not at hand, the ingredi- ents may be mixed in a large pan, and well beat up with a wooden spatula. Two coats of this com- position being necessary, the first may be rather your ley about 14 gallons to 100 lbs. of tallow,boil for 6 hours : if the soap is greasy, add more ley,if it taste too strong of the ley, add a little tallow cut it with salt and water, about one lb. of salt to 14 lbs of tallow ; boil for two hours more, stirring it well; let it cool, or just while it is fluid, pour in- to a wooden trough, and when cool cut it out in cakes." [Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia.] Fattening Fowls with Potatoes. There is great profit in feeding geese, turkeys, and fowls of every sort, with potatoes and meal mixed ; tliey will fatten in nearly one half the time that they will with any kind of corn, or even meal by itself. The potatoes must be bruised/iic, while they are hot, and the meal added, when the mess is given to them. [Trans, of Soc. of .^rts.] Potatoes for fattening Hogs .'seasoned with Alum. Mr Somerville says that the fattening of hogs thin; but the second should be as thick as it can ■ by potatoes is much hastened, by mixing a small conveniently be worked. This most excellent i quantity of any astringent substance among the 230 NEW ENGLAM) FARMER. Feb. 9, ieo7^ potatoes, especially if they show the leaf?t tenden- the first appearance of founder, to take two quarts i live to expose horses to the dampness and cojj cy to purging. A liltle alum, or Armenian bole, of blood from the neck, and also to bleed in two ' the ni^ht after severe exercise. But it wouH may be used. [Report of the British Board of Ag- ' places (in each foot) in the coronet or upper edge ■ best if neitlier horses nor any of our cattle riculture.] NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEB. 9, 1827. MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF HORSES. Our last observations under this head (page 190) contained some directions relative to the manage- ment of a horse on a journey. We will now per- sue the same subject. A writer in the last Ameri- can edition of VVillich's Domestic Encyclopedia says " your first day's journey, (if you have a long one to perform) ought not to exceed twenty miles nf the hoof, about one inch each way from the wholly confined to dry meat In winter. Hi centre, then give a purge of castor cil one pint, I indicate this' by their eating snow with their calomel one drachm, after this, and if it is possible , Set a basket of .snow within reach of a horse,« to get him out of the stable, force him to take ex- ; he is at his manger, and he will take a mou^ ercise ; which is of all others the most efficacious j from eacli alternately. Of all juicy food for 1 ron^dy, and if persevered in, however cruel and es in winter, writers on husbandry, seem to painful it may appear to be, seldom or never fails carrots the preference. [Potatoes, and turni] to carry off the complaint in a short time, especial- small quantities are also recommended]. They ly if the founder or stiffness is not very severe. — ; been fo'iud by experiense to answer well instei But should it be found impracticable to move the ! oats for labouring horses ; and to fatten t horse out of the stable, which is somelimes the ! which are lean. [Carrots are said in the Dom case, after being bled as before directed, bran poultices may be applieti to his legs and feet, kept constantly wet with cold water. " Clysters of three quarts of warm water, flax- which may be increased daily from five to ten seed tea, or water gruel, ought also to be given, miles, but should never exceed, except in cases of land repeated if necessary, with a handful of fine Itlieir circulations too suddenly, make them ch real necessity, forty miles in one day, nor should salt in either. While the stiffness continues, the | and stiffen their joints. To be deprived of mo Encyclopedia to be particularly serviceabl broken winded horses. " Horses should not be too much deprived ol liberty of motion, as they too often are. C confinement after hard labour, will be apt to a you ever travel at a gait exceeding five miles an 1 horse should bo fed upon bran mashei, with a hour, and even less when the roads are not good, 'small quantity of oats added, and be allowed but " A traveller that has industry enough to start little water, and that not entirely cold. Exercise early in the morning, and patience enough to jog on at this moderate gait, will in all probability get over 75 to 100 miles more in the course of a fort- must on no account be omitted. " When a horse's wind appears to be imperfect he should not be allowed to fill liimself with hay night than he would do if more speed were at- or water, and must be prevented from eating his tempted, besides the advantage of preserving his j litter, which horses of this description are gener- horse in a condition capable of continuing his jour- 1 ally inclined to do, particularly when stinted in ncy to almost any extent ; while on the contrary ' hay. an attempt at more speed would most probably be j " When a horse becomes suddenly lame in trav- pvoductive of lameness, sore back, founder or some ' elling, let the feet be carefully examined. Should other casualty still more fatal. j the lameness be occasioned by a wound from a " It is advisable, except in very cold or strong j nail or flint, apply oil of turpentine, tincture of weather, to start very early in the morning and] myrrh, or Fryar's balsam, having previou.sly re- travel eight or ten miles before you feed or break- moved all dirt or gravel from it ; and if the wound fast ; this will enable you to give your horse sev- i has been inflicted with a nail let it be carefully eral hours' rest nt different periods through the j opened to the bottom with n small drawing knife, day, which will be of essential benefit to him, and | and proper inean.s used to prevent dirt from get- yet afford you suflicicnt time to make your jour- : ting to it. ney good. At your first stage in the morning after | "Should the back of your horse get sore by your horse is well washed down and cool, feed | saddle galls, or other inflamed tumours, wash the with four or five quarts of oats; again in the mid- ! part aftected with crude sal ammoniac, dissolved die of the day with about six, and at night with I in vinegar or w;;ter ; or with .-my ardent spirits | quantity of land will answer, in comparison w: si.v, eight or ten, or as much as he will eat, given alone, which must be done very frequently to pre- i what it takes for the pasturing of a horse. Kai at different times in the course of the evening, al- vent matter forming ; in which case the sore will I ing a scythe and a basket at hand, a horse may ways sprinkled with water. If oats can be had : be more troublesome and difficult to heal. You [pastured in this way, in two or three minutes, ai never feed with Indian corn, or any other grain ;, must also take special care to prevent any friction i by the time that the whole spot has been on s bad for man and beast. Horses should there not b» straitened for room in their stable hies should not bo so low as to prevent their t ing up their heads .is high as they please. S( stables have so little room overhead as to b: horses into a habit of carrying their heads too 1 They become afraid to lift them up. They she also have room in their stables to turn their h( to any part of their bodies, that they may del themselves from the biting of insects, allay itch &c. And their halters should always bo so 1( and their stable so wide, that they may lie d( conveniently. Nor should horses be so placec to be able to deprive each other of fodder. " Horses that are daily worked, in sum should be mostly kept on green fodder in stalj rather than grazed in pastures. The tendanci them will not be so burdensome, with a spot high and thick grass at hand, as leading then and from a pasture at the distance of a quarteri a mile. This will prevent their being often ch led by feeding in wet nights. A large quantity manure will thus be saved. And a very but if you are under the neccs-sity of doing so, the j or bearing of the pad of the saddle upon the turn- quantity must be reduced to one half, or one third ; our, which may be effectually done by cutting a at least, and given but in small portions at a time. I small slit or hole in that part of the pad which " A horse ought to eat al least from sixteen to | bears immediately upon the tumour, and pull out twenty quarts of oats per day, otherwise, ho will so much of the stuffing as will prevent any bearing ; not, nor cannot perform a long journey. Clean this niny be done without any essential injury to fresh hay, and a little water, should be given as ' the pad, and even in various places if necessary. often as you stop. j Washing the back with vinegar and salt, and put- " Never trust to ostlers when you are on a jour- ting flannel under the saddle are good preventives." ney. It is essentially necessary that you person- ' Deane's New England Farmer says, " To fit a ally see to the cleaning, watering, feeding, and j horse for a journey, he should not be suffered to littering of your horse, otherwise you will in al) ! grow too fat and gross. He should for some time probability soon be under the necessity of hiring j be kept in the stable rather than in the pasture, or purchasing another, or abandoning your jour- j and fed mostly with provender : but ratlier spar ney, mowed over, that which is first cut will be grovijaj again. A translation of a letter from Leipsic, (an a d order among sheep,) to a gentleman in this cil^ . came too late fur insertion this week. " Should your horse lose his appetite, give him Iialf an ounce of nitre in a bran mash once or twice. This, with a little rest, wiil soon recover VEGETATION OF SEEDS, &c. We have recently been favoured wi*h a " Cat logue of Kitchen Garden, Herb, Flower, Tree ai Grass Seeds,'' &,c. by Mess. G. Tborburn & So' New York. We have but a slight acquaintaiii with these gentlemen, but are informed by oi most judiciou.'^ farmers, that their seeds have high reputation, and are found to vegetate wcll.- They have had much experience as seedsmen, ai their Catalogue shows that their assortment ingly if he incline to be fat. He should have ex- ercioo daily to harden his flesh, and keep him in the habit of travelling. He should be shod some days , , - • . i rri, r n ■ r i , ^ , , . ° . ., . .1 , , I large anu variegated. The following preface I boiore he begins a journey, that the shoes may be' , • l ■. • ■ ^ j j . • • i i ■ i , ,„ I ,, ^., 1 ? 1 ■ i^: , i\, -1 v. 1 , ,; which It IS introduced, contains ideas which cann< iiim- vvell settled to his teet,and the nails a little rusted ! ,. . ,, ,cr j u- » u n II Qi,„,.i,i „„,. t,„ ,„ .,„(• . . .1- . , • ■ 1, . .1 , , 1 ., ,. • , , I bo too generally diffused among cultivators, whetl " bhould you be so unfortunate as to have your i at the points, that they hold the faster. And the: ■ i, • t i c it f horse foundered, by injudicious feeding or water- 'p;uls of the saddle should be well fitted to }j| er agncuitnrists or noriicuiwri^cs : ing, before he is sufficiently cool, which is always back so as to fill the hollows, and bear equally on " '•'''"^ proprietors of this establishment have i to be apprehended when you feed on Indian corn, every part. And while he is on a journey he j ''^^''■*'^'°" '° '''''^"'^"■'^"'^'"S "" "'^" ^"^^^^ '^^ f""^' or any other grain except oats : it is advisable on ! should be stabled every night, [t is very destruc- '»"'' genuine— ail those sprts, the seeds of whic -No. 29. NEW ENGLAND I ARi^IEll. 231 Ir Burand, on the void leading from the old Meelinjhouse common to Geo. Howes' house, called the Boyd pasture, containing about 14 acres. ass of possibility that the Welland Canal may the course of the Niagara river. CONGRESSIONAL. | :»ATE. — The Bankrupt Bill was debated, an | idmcnt proposed by Mr Reed of Miss, which decided on the negative. A petition was pre- ;d, which had for its object the relief of the ly of Mr Jefferson. The Bankrupt Bill was dis^ :d and ordered to lie on the table. A bill was rted for the establishment of an uniform Militia :m throughout the United States. The Bank- Bill, after debate was rejected by tiie Son- Wan ?erf, A man with his wife to attend to the work of a Farm and dairy, about 9 miles from Boston, none need ap- p'y unless they can produce undoubted recommenda- tions. Apply at this Office. 3t. Feb. 2. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Vf.oA TO D. C. APPLE.S, best, bbl 2 00 2 25 ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - ton. 85 00 87 00 pearl do. - - - - 106 00 110 00 BEA,\S, white, bush 1 73 2 00 BEEF, mess, 200 lbs." new, - bbl. 9 25 9 50 cargo, No 1, new, - - 7 25 7 50 " No 2, new, - - 5 50 6 00 BUTTER, inspect. NV. 1. new, lb. 14 16 CHEESE, new milk, - - - . 7 9 skimmed milk, - - 3 C FLAX .^. . 10 1i rijOUKr,"Baitmiore, Mowaru St bbl.- g?^ 1 00 Genesee, . - - ■?TJtr Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye bush 90 92 Corn - - - . 78 80 Barley - - . - 1 00 1 05 Oats - - . - - 58 60 HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - lb. 9 10 HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - 10 15 LIME, cask 85 90 OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern gal. 75 80 PLAISTER PARIS retails at 2 75 3 no PORK, Bone Middlings, new. bbl. ]2 00 13 00 navy, mess, do. 10 75 11 00 Cargo, No 1, do. - - lii 75 11 25 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bush 2 50 3 00 Clover . - . . lb. 12 15 WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash 35 50 do do unwashed 25 35 do 3-4 washed 30 374 do 1-2 do J 25 30 Native - - - do 23 28 Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 32 40 'Sd sort 23 32 do Spinning, 1st sort 26 33 PROVISION MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - - - - lb. 8 10 PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . 6 8 " whole hogs, - - - 4», 6 VEAL, e 10 MUTTON, 4 8 POULTRY, ---... 7 10 BUTTER, keg & tub, - !7 20 lump, best, - . - 2'.' EGGS, 2 22 MEAL, Rye, retail, - - . - hosh "' t 00 Indian, do. - . - - ! 00 POTATOES, - - 50 CIDER, liquor, (new) - - - bbl. 1 : ii 12 23^ NEW ENGLAND FARMER Feb. 9, It »IISCEI.2:.AKXX!S. distance of I A willow tree is now growing Tiort of evDlosions In Java, at the distance of I a wmow ire« is „uw gLuw.uy on the Eal r/omlertheclLsof ashe's from the volcano of the Merrimack, m tins town, about hve : produced utter darkness. [Dick's Philosopher.] diameter, wh.ch was cut as a nding proQuceu uuci uui t; ^ parent stock in Ipswich, Mass. 4d years ag The largtst Jug in England. — A jug of extra- afterwards stuck into the ground, where ordinary dimensions, manufactured at the Hercu- , gjown to its present size. — Concord, (jV. liiipiim Pnttprv is now to be seen at Mr Dow- • , „ .1 ^a laueum 1 ouery, is "" „ , j^_j A correspondent of ours proposes the estj biggin's. High park Coffee House, Toxeth-park DOMESTIC ECONO.vr/. Spare not nor spend too much, be this Ihy care, Spare but to spend, and only spend to spare ; Who spends too much, may want, and so complain But he spends best, who spares to spend a^ain. , b,o-nm's Jrli'^n parK ^.onee iiuu^., . v....... ^. ^ . ^ .. u. „■ Certainly if a man will keep of even hand, his Thi's Ba'ccha'nalian vessel will, we understand con- '"^;VoLV[hranprlc°hir s^JZ7-dI ordinary expenses ought to be but to the half of! t,i„ 120 quarts, and was on the ICth ult. filled by ; and Boston the approaching summer.-/;^ his receipts, and if he think to wax rich, but to the j Mr. Dowbiggin, for the hospitable entertain- 1 Dujing the week ending Jan. 20, cash wi ment of the potters, who, with their friends, to the ^ ^.^^ oo,ooO bushels of wheat in Canandaigua, number of 150, at the same time, received a mince ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ p^^. bushel.— .Vnr«/^amp and never had a son. Just the number that: > of the United States, for the invention of a new j had sons, by his two wives and their two wives and mothers, and indeed, in every relation, j j^g^jjod of making Aqueduct Pipes. They are | maids. It is wished that the next dozen di so much depends on their temper, that it ought to ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^ ^^^ hmai in the same manner as 1 all sons. be most carefully cultivated. We should not suf- j ^^-^^^^ the bore may be from one to six inches. Would it not be a greater curiosity to Sf- fer girls to imagine that they can balance ill hu- 1 ^^^ ^^^ joints from eight to ten feet in length. — , Whitmore, with her 19 daughters at her le< mor by good quality or accomplishment ; because, j rj,^^^^ jpgg ^^g^ possess a great advantage over 1 placed according to their ages, than any.. * in fact, there are none which can supply the want } ^^,Q„jg„ pjpgg^ ftom their great durability and over ; that has ever been exhibited at any Must- '"■ of temper in the female sex. ! leaden or iron pipes, from the cheapness of the ' Cattle show in the United States ? Suggestion to physicians and surgeons. — A bill was lately introduced into the legislature of New , r, ,. i York, for giving up the dead bodies of felons in It'""- [Salem Register.] the penitentiary to dissection. Gen. Sill opposed the bill and said " as to those gentlemen who were so desirous to extend the light of medical science, by experimental observations, lis would j;eBiiad,the.io,Qf.tjjfi, (s.^yTiBle,/if JJ'e..t^J/iiMi?*^ public, is warranted equal to any in the c * , 1 1 I 1 r 1 1 Its peculiarities are, a permanent black, witHi About a thousand bushels of wheat, rye and oats, usuaj glutinous properties which prevent the ei in stacks in the field, belonging to Captain Aaron of the Ink from the pen. Saunders of the vicinity of Leesburgh, Va. werej It is deemed unnecessary to assert any thing destroyed by fire on Tuesday 16th January. 'Q favour of the above named article, but resp „,„... , , ^ refer to the annexed certificate. Very beautiful Dimity is manufactured at Low- The Ink mad' ell, Mass. It is said to be equal to any foreign fabrics. The monies appropiiated by the state of North Carolina for the establishment of common schools in that State, amounted, during the last year, to $I2,724,95i. The Commonwealth of New York expended than those of Europe. The volcanic mountain, Pichincha, near Quito, caused, on one occasion, j $22,000 last year for the survey of a State Road the destruction of 35,000 inhabitants. In the year A committee of the Legislature of Maine has 1772, an eruption of a mountain in the island of Ja- < reported in favour of the proposed road to Canada. va destroyed 40 villages, and several thousands of' The jail limits in Ohio, for debtors, are co-ex- the inhabitants; and in October, 1822, eighty- j tensive with the County — and an Ohio County is eight hamlets, and above 2000 persons were dcs- 'no small space. troyedinthe same island, by a sudden eruption j n is stated that the amount of pork exported and from a new volcano. The eruption of Tomboro m ; prepared for exportation, in the state of Kentucky the island of Sumbawa, in 1815, was so dreadful, Ij^^j ^g^gg^^ ^j,, g^^ggj „ million of dollars. that all the Moluccas, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, j ,,„ , r- l ,,•. ^ ■ »i. •» c wr 1, . „ ,. . „ .,' , ■, ,- .1 'I'he number of inhabitants in the city of Wasnr to the distance 01 a thousand miles from the moun- . , . ^- . ■ . ir-,'^-r . _i 4- i . . „ ,^ , , .. , , , ^, 'inftonis estimated at 10,067 — number of houses tain, felt tremulo'iii motions, and heard the re- „ ^,-. , , „ . , '3b32 — about 6 persons to a houge. by Messrs. Samuei. Kidder we consider uncommonly good, and at least a any which we have ever used. Cashi Samuel Payson, Chester Adams, Charles Hood, John S. Wright, Chas. Sprague, D. A. Sigourney, Gurdon Steele, Henry Jaques, Martin Lane, Geo. Homer, M. S. Parker, Ph. Marttt, Boston, July. 1S26. Kor sale, wholesale and retaU, by the Prop under Washington Hall, Charlestnwn, Mass. appointment, by JOSEPH KIDDER, lO Court Boston. Mass. Union Com'wi America: Globe Washing North Eiinker H Cambridg Stale Suffolk N. Englai [t5"'P"blisheJ every Friday at Three Dollars i num, payable at the end of tbe year — I.ut tho: pay within sixty days from the time of subscribi entitled to a deduction- of Fifty Cents. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PubliiheJ by Jou.n B. Russell at No. ij'i North Market Street, (opposite Fdiiucil Jlall). — TiiostAS EN — The following remarks on a le which has lately appeared nmoug tlie of this country, are tran^l-ited from ft letter ivo : this inorninj from an iuteUigenl corres- ^nt at Leip;.i!j. I think they may be of ser- o many of our wool growers, and therefore lo time in offering them for a place in your ble journal. Respectfully, yeur obed'l serv't, n, ft6. r, 1827. ' THO'S SEARLE. m he foot rot is a complaint which has ceased elite tlie least uneasiness in this country, tless because means have been discovered to it readily and without expense. t is true that when neglected and allowed to id itself, the cure may become difficult, and slieep from loss of appetite occasioned by its continuance may not recover. I feel ceitain, ver, that not a single sheep is lost in all Sax- from this cause, as we have learnt to remove oniplaiut immediately, as soon as it shows it- n a flock. In order to become fully acquaint- ot only with the symptoms of this disorder, Iso with the means of cure, I some time since ated a small flock, suffering it to spread itself ; or le5s in difi^erent sheep, when it appeared the longer the complaint had been in fixing f in tht- system the more difficult it was to : for while the least infected were thorough- •stored in a fortnight, I found thrit from jxc lo t weeks' were required to cure the cases of est stondiu J. The most effectual method of I is the tbllowing : Cut away with a sh:;rp siir n's knife, not only the sup-Mfli-ous hoof, but all the diseased flesli under it. This may be n»^uished from the healthy flesh by its greyish ur. Being well satisfied that nothing unsound airs in the foot, I then apply with a brush to fresh wound some caustic liquor and immedi- y place the patient in a separate clean stable It is surprising to see animals thus treated who re yesterday hobbling about on their knees, ing up to- day and run about with the flock. It is necessary, however, to examine the con- escent daily, and repeat the liquid application I if any excessive heat is discovered in a foot roves that the first operation has not succeed. and a second cutting must take place without ay. 'The caustic remedies which I have found most ectual,are diluted oil of vitriol and aqua ccerulea. :e latter in the state in which it is found at the othfcaries without any addition. The oil of vit- 1 I mix with three times its quantity of water or • cases of not long standing with sometliin re. 'I have been the more particular in detailing is mode of cure because it seems probi'l'' you y do a serviro tn the owners of sheep by com jni'-atinf^ it to them. There are .several pamph ts to be had here descrihinf the symptoms and re of this complaint wiiicli I will purchase and rv/ard yon by the earliest opportunity. They intHin however many things which va of little le to the practical man. • The foot rot, at its first appearance in (Jerma- sion. In conformity, ho'.vo ny, occasioned great uneasi-iess and alarm, and will doubtless have had the same effect in your country. I am however fully convinced that after a few years, and when your farmers have disciive- red that this scare-crow is harmless, notwithstand- ng its frightful appearance, they will treat it with tlie same indifl'erence as ours do now." ADDRESS, Inlrntlucton/to the exercUes of the dai/, delivered be- fiirt the. Hills nrnugh .ris;riculluril Society, at their Cattle Show and Fair, H'tlton, Sept. 2ist, 182ii. Hy Duniel Jldrims, President of the So- ciety. Communirrttcd for ptillicatloji ill the j\'ew England Farmer. The Society, on whose occasion we are assem- Med, will accept my congratulation on the return of another of those anniversaries, which have been emphatically styled the Farmer's Holiday. — Although the grasshopper may ha\'e been a bur- den ; although the heavens over our heads, some part of the season, may have been as brass, and the ground under our feet as powder and dust; still, He who giveth to the lily its array, and who hearetli the ravens when they cry, has not left us this day, without evidence, that his tender mercies are over all his works. Our pens are filled to overflowing, our hall is garnished with numerous and some very splendid domestic manufactures, wrought by the fair hands of our wives and of our daughters. Our former harvest is gathered in, and our latter, in golden ears, is novv nodding to the sickle. The promise that seed time and har- vest shall not fail, gives to the husbandman a con- fidence in the success of his labours, which men in other occupations can never possess. By the 8th Article of our Bye-Laws, provision is made for convening the members of the Society for special purposes. Believing that meetings for the discussion of plain, practical subjects, relative to our occupation aa farmers, might be both inter- esting and useful, I have, the last year, proposed several inquiries, which were forwarded to sub- committees, with instructions to call such meet- ings. These meetings were called but in few in- stances to my knowledge. I notice iiiis not by the way of fault finding. The first specimen of any- thing like a cattle slrow and fair, in this country, consisted of two fine woolled sheep, exhibited un- der the external shade of a venerable efm, on the common in Pit'sfield. A beginning was all that! anticipated. This has been made, and the high degree of satisfaction or evident utility in which these meetinirs resulted, where attended, lead me, at this time, to press the subject most strenuously on the attention of the Society. Should the same measure be proposed the ensuing year, I cannot but hope sub-committees will be attentive to the call, and members general in their attendance. A few well selected books, or perhaps a copy of the Nkw England Parmer, the expense of which V onld be but a few cents to each member, would lender these meetings still more interesting and useful. Having so lately as last year addressed you oi? ubiects of practical husbandry, I have thongl.t proper to decline that service on the present occa ver. to usage in other places, and as introJuctory to the exorcisos before us, with your indulgence, I will siihjoin a (bw ob- servations. It is now seven years since lliis Snoicly com- nirnccd its operations. At first acknowledged and cherished by our legislature, it was afterwards cast ofTaild abandoned like a foundling child. Nor has it ever received the general patronage and support from the agricultural interest which was justly anticipated. These circumstances lead me to believe that there is yot much misapprehension, io many minds, in relation lo our object, and the plan of our operations. By remarks frequently heard abroad, and even on the floor of our Legis- lature, it appears, there are some wiio suppose our object to be no other than that of getting money ; consequently, that the only motive a man can have in uniting himself with us, is that of obtaining pre- miums, and if he fail in this, that he is a lo,=!er by the connexion. Nothing can be doing greater injustice to this institution than such a supposition, and nothing can be a more false representation of the motives of its most zealous patrons. No, my friends, this and similar institutions, are parts in that grand system of movetnents, which, of late years, has been put into operation, for the amelioration of our race, and whether in the form of peace societies, missionary societies, bible societies, agricultural societies, they all possess much of the spirit which breathes peace and good will to men. They all co-operG.te in hastening on that happy era, so long ,=ince predicted, when our spears shall be beaten into pruning hooks, and our swords into plough- shares. And wlio is there so disposed, whose feel- ngs are so contracted within the narrow circle of self, as that he would have no part or lot in this mutter? Who would enter this world, pass through its busy scenes, make his exit, and have it said, the world was none the better or happier for his having lived in it. There is not a man of us, my friends, so well in- formed, even in matter pertaining to his daily oc- cupation, but that he is ignorant of many things of whii-h others have a knowledge. There is not a aian of us so improved in agricultural operations, !.nt that there is u bttler way of doi7ig many things, than he has ever yot discovered. It was a sense of these discoveries, both in lhc:nselves and others, which led the founders of this Society to embark in the undertaking. To do good and to communi- cate, was emphatically their purpose. Great and importint improvements, of late years have been made, and ai-e conLiuually making in ag- riculture. These ijiprovements are inrortaut, not only to the practical fji-mer, but to the whole com- munity. There is not the son or daughter of Adam, who has not .1. in^orestin the advinceinent of the art, which is the foendation of all other arts md the basis of all civilization. To e^itend a knowledge of these iniprovemetits and the beu'-fits resulting from, uniformly and exieusively thrcngh ihc country, was and still continues tn be an ohject '^•ith this association. I'le spemlylion and mere theory, unsupported by fa',, come not within our desirrn. A humbler, and, as ,ve conceive, i: moro useful intention with us is, to collect and bring for •234 NEW t:NGLA[ND FARMEll. Feb. IiJ, It ward that inform-ition, which is calculated to sup- ply the wants aud relieve the necessities of man- kind, and thereby reniUr human life more comfort- able— infornialion by which tlie productions of the land may be multiplied, expenses diminished, and than he had in Adam's first pin. No, my friends, ; of St. Valery, to go and make Jier apple, by it is the rfiJjg-en< /ifj«rf that maketh rich. Not that | u nosegay of the blossoms of any common diligence, which consists in running away from : tree, on a tuft of those on the one described one's business — ^not that diligence which consists ' is attached by a piece of ribband in such a mat in throwing every thing into confusion and disor- tliat in autumn every one kno«-s the fruit thai industry more happily directed. It is to e.xtend I der — not a diligence like that of the hen, which nosegay has been the cause of producing. the boundaries of knowledge and of skill in the covers witli one foot the little atom which the mo- ' remarked that these fruits differ among ihemi important concerns of rural and domestic life ; to I ment before she had brought to the light by the , in flavour, colour and size; and that theyj catch improvements as they rise, to excite inquiry other ; — but if is a diligence like that of the ant, some relation to those of the different [herma where it is not, to call forth observation, to bring | which is always reasonabh?, efficient, unabated, ' dite trees, the blossoms of which have been forward facts, and by inculcating the importance i uninterrupted, skillfully and judiciously applied. — ■ in their fecundation. Grafts from this tree rf of ordinary things, and of practical every day truths JIany men have an appearance of diligence, but it i always barren, notwithstanding attempts to render the great body of our fellow oitizeijs ' is not of the latter description. They are general- 1 cundate the blossoms artificially. Seeds more wealthy, understanding, and happy. These ly busy, and therefore would be offended were you I have come up very w^cll, but the plants are yj are the objects to which v,-e aspire, and it is in I to call them idle ; yet they never get ahead, and | young to produce blossoms. promotion of objects like these, that we, thi^ day, I the reason is they do not work it right, and they i Tomatas. Tlie following recipes were invite the cooperation of every man, who is the friend of man. Premiums are to bo considered in no other light than as the hire we pay intelligent and enterpris- ing men, who undertake to teach us by their ex- perience, their experiments and their examples, and are no more the reason why we institute and support agricultural societies, than the wages we pay our school masters are reasons why we insti- tute and support common schools. But some object that our instructions are not adapted to the circumstances of people in conmijn life. These examples, say they, vvhicii are here held up for imitation, are suited only to the condi- tion of the rich. And is it riches then which makes one animal look sleek, and docile, and hap- py, while another looks wretched, and downcast, and miserable .' Is it riches wliich makes one farm look neat, clean and in order, wiiilo another is overgrown with thorns, thistles cover the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof is broken downl They say that it is the riches of these me» which enable them to become successful competitors for premiums, but uhis it premiums iviiich frsl made them rich ? No, luy friends, it is not that the les- son here given out is not suited to all, but that all do not suitably comprehend the lesson ; and when, this afternoon, you shall hear the names of suc- cessful competitors announced, or shall see them advance to receive their premiums, remember, you not only have before you examples by which to ac- quire ;j;'emu(ni5, but, in their management, habits, and order in doing business, you also will have bo- fore you examples by which to acquire riches. — These are the men, who in the morning sow their seed and in the evrnimr withhold not their hand. — Tims with these men is money, and you will find it so inscribed among the articles of their domes- tic faith. Good tools, strong teams, neat farms, and smart wives, are their cardinal points. We are apt to attribute all t!ic poverty we suffer to the dispensations of Providence, and all the wicked- ness we perpetrate, to the instigations of the Devil. But Providence maketh no man rich or poor by miracle. He that sowelh sparingly shall reap spar- ingly, and he that sowelh bountifully shall reap bountifully. There are instances, here and there an instance, where a man is made either rich or poor by events wholly extraneous from himself. never come to our cattle shows to learn how they j ed from an eminent French cook ou^/if to work it. ] Toynata sauce for cold meat. Boil tomatas Among the successful competitors of this day, I ripe, rub them througli a laairny clolli ; to can name to you men, whose beginnings in life , quart of pulp add ,| ounce of garlick and 1 were as hiuuble as the most liumblo of any men — ■ of shallots ; boil half an hour ; strain out th' without patrimony, without friends, depending, as lick ; add to every quart half a pint of col the expression is, on nothing but their hands. A I vinegar, and a wine-gla.ss full of Chili vim house with but one window, a single cow, and let it stand a day or two before corking seven acres of land, mark the early history of one, ' Potted Tomatas. Reduce your tomatas ovi whose acres and who?a cattle are now greatly in- fire till they are quite thick, stirring all the Hf" creased, the^.latter of wliich have excited much to keep them from burning; rub them throuj notice on this occasion. How is it then, that those tammy, put them again in your stowpan, "with men have so far outstripped many of their fellows? equal quantity of glaze, and reduce agui;i ov This is the lesson, which is this day given out, on sharp fire till you think the whole will be q which wo shall do well to ponder and meditate. — firm when cold, (or like glaze;) put them in a w It is recominende I particularly to our young men, earthen pot ; when cold cover them witli ufi who are just setting out in life. It is recommend- paper dipped in brandy ; over some w.'.ini h ed to our young women, who have yet their con- lard, and cover all over with a bladder nexions to form for life. It is recommended to light. A small piece added to a littlo ■pa)'c;!<«, who have children to bring up and to edu- melted butter, will make an excellent cate. We may not, all of us, have it in our power cutlets or chops. to give them settlements in life, or to leave them Tomatas yuite plain. Reduce as befor^, 0:1! with legacies at our decease ; but we may give m.cS'e careful in evaporating the water from tii them employment while untler our protection&care. rub them th>-)i,xh a tammy, put them when We may restrain them from the haunts of intern- into fruit bottles ; they must be corked very t perance, of idleness, and of vice. Wemayhabitu- and tied down: put the bottles nearly up to ate them to order, to diligence, and to arrange- cork in cold .vater, over a gentle fire, till they i ment in all their affairs. We may teach them then set tliem on one side till cold : take them economy, the value of time, and the importance of and dip the cork in good cement, of be(«' \ improving it to the attainment of something either rosin, &c. This may be used in making sauce useful or ornamental. We may form them to hab- cold meat, or as above, by adding stroni' (irnv its of industry, patient unremitting industry, so on- It is intended of course, to save the gla:e. twined with the very thread of life as to be in a Tomatas with gravy. This is simply stew manner indispensable from it. This of itself is an your tomatas in a little good gravy till quite ten estate. K'ith this, many, though poor, have bo- keeping them whole ; drain them on a sieve, ' come rich. IVithout this, many, though rich, have them up, and pour a little half-glaze, and a become poor. To this plain, sober virtue it is, that gpoon full of vinegar mixed with it, qnite hot, ( many men, who figure so nobly at cattle shows them. owe their distinction. Then study their charac- j Tomutas may likewise be put into vinegar ( ter, look into the foundation of their prosperity, jiici/e. and never let it be said, at the close of an exhibi- j Towit of tomatas. Take a pint of the tomai tion like this, that you have lost a day ! add a posnd of fine sugar, reduce it in the s: way as a jam : add the juice of a lemon : tins ma a very good towit. Tomatas as dried fruit. The pulp may be vet ed, say a pint, with a pound of fine sugar, till q' stiff; pour it on your tin ; it must be drie^ HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. From Loudon's Gardener's Magazine — 1826. Remarkable variety of the Apple. — In the annals of the Linna»an Society of Paris, for May, 1824, M. Tillette do Clermont Tonnere has described a I stove ; when nearly dry, cut in what shape remark»ble apple tree, growing at St. Valery, in j please ; it does for ornament in the dessert. and which may be called dispensations of Provi- ! Normandy. This apple tree, which they believe Grafting the Pine ayid Fir tribe. The Ba " ' "'" to be between thirty and forty years' growth, has iok(.' he grafted on the cardoon ; the cau- bo cut four or five tiiiios in tho course of tlio seas- er on csbbasre ; love-apples on potatoes; and on, and will ondiire from ten to twelve ye;irs with- . — .Inn. dr. /V/gr. Frai'.e. out renewing. Of all other gras-ses, it is the most atoes. Voltaire, it seems, was the first to call prolilable for soiling;. lam fully of opinion, that ttentiou of the French to this valuable tubes, one acre properly yot in, would be more than suf- 77 ; and after hitn, rarmcntier and Cadet de ficient to maintain at least si.\ licad of cattle, fiom i tho lirst of May until frost sets in ; for before it fsert'inu Potatoes in a dried state. Wdsh can be cut down in this way, the first part will cut them in pieces ; steep them forty-eight attain be ready for the scythe. English writers in lime water, then forty-eight hours in fresh have recommended the drill system for this arti- ; dry them in an oven. One hundred parts cle, but in this climate, I have foand this is entirc- esh potatoes will give thirty, so prepared and iy fallacious. The proper mode is, to have your In thi.9 st;tte they may be kept for years, or land properly prepared, to sow the sceti broad cast, nd ttt once into flour. This flour, mixed with and to get it in during the month of April, or in rd p«rt of that of rye, is said to make an ex- the early part of M,-.y. Fall sowing will not ana _235 To destiDi/ BuX'i. Take of the hi)f host rectified spirits of wine, (viz. lamp spirits,) that will burn away dry, and leave not the least moisture behind, half a pint ; new distilled oil, or spirit,- of turpentine, half a pint; mi.t them together, and break into it, in small hits, half an ounce of camplior, which wil! _ dissolve it in ii (ow minutes; slinkc them W'ell to- gether and with a sponge or a brush, dipt in some of it, wet very well the bed, or furniture wlierein these vermin harbour and breed, and it will infal- libly kill and destroy both them and their nilj, al- though they swarm ever so much. But then i\,,) bod or furniture must be well and Ihorougi;!,- v.oi, with it ; (the dust upon them being first brusiied and shaken oft") by which means it will neither stain, soil, or in the least hurt the finest siiif or ■0(1 1 J nt bread. The same author proposes to mois- wer, for like clover, when sowed late, it is found I damask bed that is. The quantity liere ordered otaloes dried as above with olive oil, and then , not to resist the winter's frost. It may be sowed of this curious, neat, white mixture, which costs [rind them and use them as coflce. | by itself or with spring rye, barley, or oats ; hut about a shilling, will rid any one bed whatever, i>u/rt Sircnsts. This plant is greatly prized in the Inst case, I would recommend the oots to j though it swarms with bugs. Do but touch a live ranee and in the Netherlands, where, under , be cut green, and before getting into seed by which bug with a drJ-p of it, and^you will find it die un- protection ot glass, without fire heat, it flow- ! means, an early feed for cattle may be obtained, mediately ; if any should happen to appear, after theory of the ascending and decending sap. I latter is arrested in its progress by the circu- lincision, as is proved by the thick edge which les place on the upper margin of the wound, 11 bv the diameter of the shoot, which, in the most abundantly ihe whole year Annai. de jaiid the soil will not be so much (if any) impover 'ot. Linn, dc Paris, Mars, 182.5. lished. But the mode I would most confidently re- ingivg Fiuil Trees. A pamphlet has been pub- ; commend, would be to sow with the Lucerne d on this subject by M. C. Bailley, of Paris ; about half a bushel of common or winter rye. — in two parts; the first trestiag of the effect , The effect of this is, that the rye, which vegetates 'inging on fruit trees in general, and the second .quickly, serves as a nur.".e to the young grass, he effect of ringing the vine. against the heat of the scorching sun ; and by t. Ringing increases the diameter of the parts [ the time the grass attains streuji th ; to protect it- lees, but not their length ; a fact explained by itself the rye withers and apparently dies. It will, however, come forth in tbe spring, and mixed with the Lucerne, prove a most excellent feed for cattle, and also add much to the quantity of fodder. The rye will admit of being cut green in this way, before getting into seed, two or three times be- e in particular, acquires double tJie thickness i fore it decays. ve the w ound that it iroes below it But ■in pro- The quantity of seed I would recommend to be tion as the shoots are benefitted by ringing, the , sowed to the acre, would be from 15 to 20 lb. The 3ts are injnved by the want of the regular circu- ^ kind of soil most suitable for this culture, is a dry ion of tho descending sap ; the great art, there- : mellow loam, but a sandy or clay loam will also re, is to adjust the dimension of the incision to answer, provided they are not wet. In a favoura- e degree of sufterance which the system of the Jble season, the Lucerne may be kept the ensuing ots can undergo, without material injury. 2d. ' fall after sowing. After the first season, you may be effect of ringing vines which have lij;neous generally begin to cut green for cattle by the ist ms, is similar to that produced on fruit tiees in | of May, which sav«s your young pastures, and is in jneral ; and, therefore, M. Bailley confines him- 1 every respect a great convenience, as hogs, .Tiid If to the eft'ect of ringing those vines which are j every description of animals, devour it with equel nnually cut down to lower shoots, as is the case [ avidity. It produces a great quantity of seed, and most of the vineyards of France. To vines of] is much more easily threshed out than Clover lis description, he considers the practice disad antageous, as w cakening the root ; but he ex- epts certain cases, in which, as in provines, the hoots are annually laid down and covered with arth ; and says, if it could be so contrived as to ourish the young shoots from the fibres produced the incision, when it is buried in the soil, and Slus dispense with the large ramorse shoots often nfurnished with fibres, and which only serves to onsume the sap prepared by the leaves, it would be of great advantage. The second and third crops are the most produc- tive of seed. Yours, &c. J.PATRICK. Perth Amhoy, (.Y.J.) July 10, 1823. Gentlemen — Last year I sowed one pound of your French Clover seed, (Lucerne). I sowed it (as an experiment) with my oats, in April of the same year. It yielded fine pasture after the oats were cut ; and last spring, when my red clover be- gan to make its appearance, the Lucerne was full three inches above the ground. On the 11th of May I began to soil it, daily cutting enough to serve my three horses in my stable, and with very little help from other grass, I have continued the DIRECTIONS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LUCERNE. Messrs. G. Thorblrn a.vu Son. — Having been : soiling until this day. My horses have kept in good for eight or ten years in the successful practice of j order through the whole season, and I have not tiie culture of Lucerne, I think it may beneficially : fed them ten busliels of oats, or any other grain, promote the interests of Agriculture, to offer to i j„ring the whole time. It was richly manured you a few remarks on that subject. This article j with compost. I mowed it five times, notwithstand- (frequently denominated French Clover) I have , jng the severe drought. Respectfully, yours, found from experience, to be not only the most con- j THOMAS STORM, venient, but also the most profitable of all grasses. | /^jp'^ £ay, near TVetc- Fort, JVovember 7, 182C. once using, it will only be for want of well wet- ting the lacing, &c. of the bod, or the foldings of the linings or curtains near the rings, or the joints or holes in and about the bed or head-board wherein the nits nestle and breed, and then their being well wet altogether again with more of the same mixture, v,hieh dries in as fast .as you use it, pouring some of it into the joints or holes where the sponge or brush cannot reach, will never fail absolutely to destroy them all. Some beds that have much wood work, can hardly be thoroughly cleaned without first being taken down; but others that can be drawn out, or that you can get well behind to be done as it should be, may. .Yole. — Thii smell that this mixture occasions will be goae in two or three days, which is yet very wholesome, and to many people agreeable. — You must remember always to shake the liquor to- gether very well whenever you use it, which must be in the daytime,not by candlelight, lest the mix- ture should catch the flame, as you are using it and occasion damage. Effects oj" frost in rijicning Grain, fyc. It is believed in Scotland th,".t even the frosty nights of autumn contribute to ripen the late crops in that inclement climate, which some have as- cribed to the moonlight, but what I have indeed suspected, that the frost may in some measure ef- fect, by converting the mucilage of the grain soon- er into starch. This I was induced to imagine by having observed that book-binder's paste, made by boiling wheat flour in water, lost its adhesion af- ter having been frozen ; and also from a culinary observation, that when ice or snow is mixed with flour instead of water in making pancakes that it much improves them, the truth of which I have heard boldly asserted, but never witnessed the ex- periment. [Darwin's Phytologia.] There is a kind of grape, which grows sponta- neously in many parts of New England, called Fro.it-!;rape, from the circumstance of its never coming to maturity till ripened by the frosts of autumn. Frost, also, not only converts mucilage into starch, but starch into saccharine matter Thus the freezing of potatoes gives them a sweet and cugary taste, probably by converting the starch which they contain into sugar. [Ed. N. E. Parmer] 'M6 NEW ENGLAx\D FARMER. feb. IG, )mi From Deiine's J\'tic England Farmer. CLOVER, Trifolimn, pratevse, a species of tre- foil, esteemed as an excellent grass for tlie feed- ing ofcattle,botW green and dried. The h;iy irmde of clover is more suitable for horses than any other that this country affords. Horses kept on it will fatten, even in the most unfavourable season of the year. It answers well when used as soiling or eaten out of racks without drying. Green clover is known to be good feeding for swine. Keeping them in pastures, where there is plenty of this grass, will make thorn grow fast,and fktten so as to almost become fit for the knife. Bat when they go in pastures they should have rings in tlieir noses. Otherwise they will root out the clover. Red and white clover are the only sorts known and esteemed in this country ; as to the wild sort or variety ,with a rough leaf,it is of no consequence. It is the red clover that is of most constqueDce for mowing. It is a biennial grass, and if it did not sow its own seeds, would entirely run out the third year. The white is generally too small and short, unless when it is drawn to a greater height by being mixed with other grases. Many farmers, instead of sowing clean seed of clover, content themselves with sowing cliatf and ;u\ ^if summer, which time it often appears in gr^ [denty. The author of a valuable work, enrilled, ' Treatise on Agriculture," lately published in bany, directs ten or twelve pounds vf clover si to be sown on an acre, if the soil be rich, and di ble the quantity if it be poor. He condemns practice of mixing the seeds of timotliy and grass, &c. with that of clover, " because tli grasses neither ri^e nor ripen at the same tiir,o..i Another practice equally bad, is that of soivii clover seed on winter gr.Tin, before the etirtii hi ncquired a temperature favourable to vegetntid and when there ran be no doubt but thiil tw thirds of the seeds will perish." This writ ir •! opinion that clover should not be pastured tijc Crs year, and observes, that " If the crov;ns of youju clover roots be nibbled, or othe'rwisc wounded, th l,r! roots die. Sheep iind horses (both ot whii.ii biti |li closely.) should therefore be pani.-ularly excluded li from clover, unless intendefi f-r pn-turage i^nlv." \' According to the same author •' the short pprion » between the flon-ering and the seeding of clover, \ is that in which its use would be most advanta- i«l geous, whether regarded as forage, or as an ameli. |>, orating crop." But " when seed is the principal!- object of culture, we cannot do better than to adopt the practice in Holland — ^\vhero the first crop is cut hefore it flowers, and the second is re served for seed." Green clover is good food for swine in summer; , and when cut green, ,ind salted, after baing a lit- h tie withered, with about half a peck of salt to a ); load, it makes good food for swine in winter. But for this latter purpose it should be steamed, or boiled. Mode of securing Timber from Decay. Timber for buildings, especially for ships* i> bridges, canals, granaries and stables may be ef- fectually preserved from decay, and particularly the rot, by repeatedly impregnating the wood with a solution of common salt and green copperas.— This simple process is attended with such decided advantage, that wood thus prepared will remain for ages, perfectly sound. An instance of thi« fact occurred in the theatre at Copenhagen, where the lowei part of the planks and joists formerly re- quired to be replaced in a few years, till Mr Vol-, meister, an architect of that city, discovered and employed the process above stated. Twelve years after, the wood on removing one of the boirds, was found in such a state of preservation that he could not observe the least appearance of decay. [English Publication.] ,].\ No. 30. NEW ENCa.AMD FAKMER. 2'6: AMERICAN J>YCKUM. Ci li.,: first Woiincsaayin iJay and Oi:lober, meetins; of Delej;ntes from the several Ly- ; ten o'clock, A.M. established in the towns of Leicester, Brook- ).\ford, Millbury, Shrewsbury, llolden, Rut n«l Southbiidge ; — held at Lf icester, Jan. sent from LeiccsUr — Hon. Nathaniel P. Rev. John Nelson and Dr. Edward Flint. kfield — Mr Arad Gilbert and Or. Lawson nl — Rev. Ebenezcr Newball, Ira Barton ■ Brow II. ,uiy — .Mr -Moses L. Morse, Dr. Wni. M ic<. Col. Amos Hill, Mr. Asa Andrews ami olin Morse. w.-ibiin/ — Andrew H. Ward, Ksq. c'i— Rev. Horatio Bardwell, Col. Samuel 1 and Dr. Davis. and— Mr George S. Flint, Col. James Rsta- and Dr. George Estabrook ; present also, Ir Chuke. kbiidge — Dr. Saiuuel Hartwell and Mr an. notion of Mr Moses L. Morse Hon. JVathan- Denny was called to the Chair, and Ira Bar- jointed Clerk. r the Delegates had reported the state of espective Lyceums, it was tinaniinoiisly iveJ, on motion of Rev. Mr Nelson, " That jetinjr deems it expedient to organi/e a per- t Bourd, to be composed of Delegates from fercnt Lyceums in the County of Worcester. V hereupon, Mr. Jcsiali Holbrook, ha Barlov idreio H. ff'ard, Esq. were chosen a Corn- to draft a Constitution for that purpose, and art the same to this meeting forth ivith. Deleffates then proceeded to tlie Meeting jvhere prayers were oft'ered by Rev. Mr Mode of applying- Tar to Fruit Trees. Tar affords security to trees from the ravage of 'eif, and a highly iuterKstiug Address deliver-' hares, rabbits, and other predatory animals ; thus, a large and respectable audience, by Rev Ison. Delegates and other friends of science, then (d to the beautiful Town Hall, where, upon 1 of Andrew H. Ward, Esq. the thanks of elegates were tendered by a Committee, to kir A'elson, for his Address, and a copy of it ited for the press. It is a subject of cou- tion to the public, that the request will be led with. committee chosen to draft a Constitution, eported the following Articles, which, after ment were adopted by the Delegates, and these words : 'he said Delegates associate under the name "Board of Delegates of the Ameriean Lyceum '.nee, and the Arts, for the County of M'orces- ["he Board shall consist of three Dclegate.s jach Lyceum that may be established in this y- Che object of the Board shall be, to adopt itions for the general and mutual benefit of veral Lyceums, and to consult upon meas- br carrying into effect any plan for the gen- liffusion of knowledge, or the improvement Bllectual and practical Education. The Officers of the Board shall be a Presi- Vice President, Secretary and such other '8 as the Board may deem necessary, to be a by ballot, on the first Wednesday of Octo- inually. S meetings of the Board shall be hnlden h place in the County as they may appoint. '1. The Board may adopt Byo-Lav.s, and may .■KiMMid the same, or this (."onstiliiliou, by a vote of t. o thirds of the Delegates present at any meeting: I'dvided, that all motions for that piirpo.se shall be 1 lade in writing; and, before thoy arc acted upon, s'inll lie over one meeting for consideration. After the adoption of the foregoing articles, the Ho.ird was organii'.e;! by electing the following .lerson.s ns Officers |iro (ihi. till an election may be !iad under the Constitution, oii the tirst Wednesday of October next. Hon. N\THL. P. Df.n .i. President. Rev. Horatio Bardwell, Vice President. Ira Barton, Serrelaru and Treasurer. Andrew H. Ward, Esq. CV--. Secretary. J.Ioses L. Morse, j Col. James Estabrook, > Dir -rlors. Dr. Samuel Hartwell, ) Chnse the OiTicera of the Board a ommitee to draft a code of Bye-Laws : to devise operations to elfcct the ohjects of tjie Board ; — and to appoint some person to deliver an Address at their next meeting on the first Wednesday in May, at Leices- ter. Voted, That the thanks of this Board be tender- ed to Mr JosiAii lloLr.RocK for his assistance at the organization of it, ar 1 for his able and success- ful eftorts in establishing the several Lyceums which we represent ; — and that we cheerfully re- coiimiend him to the patronage of the friends of .Science and the Arts universally. Nat HI.. P. Denny, Pres't. Ira BARTo>r, Secretary. To make Carrot Pudding — Crato half a pound of the sweetest and most delicate raw carrot, and double the quantity of raw bread ; mix eight beaten yolks and four whites of eggs, with half a pint of white wine, three spoonsfull of oranne-flow- er water, a grated nutmeg, and sugar to palate; stir the wliole well together, and if too tliick, add morn milk, till it be of a moderate consistency ;lay a puff paste all over the dish, and bake it an hour ; serve it up witii siigir grated over. This finu pudding is easily made still more delicious by us- ing Naples bi-scuit and cretim instead of bread aijd new milk, and putting in a glass of ralilia vvith the orange-flower water. On account of its beautiful colour, this pudding is. often sent to table turned out of the crust bottom upward, having a little fine sugar grated over it. Some boil the carrot, and scald the cream, but neither is necessary, an i by boiling, much of the saccharine quality of thecal' rot is always unavoidably lost. if one part of tar be mixed with six or seven parts of grease, and the composition be laid on the bark with a brush it will effectually defend plantations, and at the same time prevent the trees from being bark-bound ; a disease that often occurs from the injudicious use of tar and lime. There are, how- ever, some delicate shrubs, to which this mixture cannot be saftdy or conveniently applied ; hence it will be advisable to surround them with twine covered with tar ; and, as this fluid is apt to lose its odour, on exposure to the air, it must be occa- sionally renewed. [Domestic Encyclopedia.] Spruce Beer. To make spruce Beer, take IG gallons of water, and boil half of it : let the other half be put cold into a barrel, and upon this pour boiling water, then add 10 lbs. of treacle or molasses, with a few table spoonsful of the essence, stirring the whole well together; add half a pint of yeast, and keep it in a temperate heat, with the bung-hole open for two days, till the fermentation has abated. — Then bottle it,and it will be fit for use in ten days or a fortnight. [Ibid.] To remove spots or stains on linen. The fumes of brimstone are useful in removing spots or stfins in linen, &c. : thus, if a red rose be held in the fumes of a brimstone match, the colour All! soon begin to change, and, at length the flower will become white. By the same pro- cess, fruit-stains or iron-mould? may be removed from linen or cotton cloths, if the spots be previ- ously moistened with water. [Ibid.] LIVE FENCES OF CEDAR. The cedar is peenliuly fitted for the purpose., [of live fences] throughout the whole district of the United States. It tlirows out houghs near the ground, pliant and capable of being woven into any form. They gradually,however, become stiff. Clipping will make cedar hedges extremely thick. No animal will injure them by browsing. Manur- ed and cultivated tliey come rapidly to perfection. The plants are frequently to be found in great abundance without the trouble of raising them. — As an ever-green they are preferable to deciduous plants ; and they live better than any young trees I have ever tried, planted as follows : From December to the middle of April, the smallest plants are to be taken up in a sod of a square conformable to the size of the spade used, as deep aa^XissiWe, which sod is to be deposited unbroken in a hole as deep made by a similar spade ; the earth coming out of it being used to fill up the crevices between the sod and the hole for its reception. I plant these cedars on the out and inside of a streight fence, on the ridge of a ditch, the plants in each row being two feet apait both in the direction of and across this ridge ; but so that the plants on one side of the fence will be opposite to the centre of the vacancies be- tween those on the other. Each row will he one j foot from the fence, so that the top of the ridge will be about eight inches higher than the posi- tion of the plants. They should be topt at a foot high, and not suffered to gain above three or four inches yearly in height, such boughs excepted as can be worked into the fence at the ground.— Of these great use may bo made towards thicken- ing the hedge, by bending them to the ground, and covering them well with earth in the middle leaving them growing to the stem, and their ex- tremities exposed. Thus they invariably take root and fill up gaps. If these hedges are cultiva- ted properly, aTid the land is strong, they will form an elegant live evergreen fence, in a short- er time, than is necessary to raise a thorn fence, in England, according to the books. But will they keep out hogs ? I am told by travellers that few or none ot the hedges in Eng- j land will do so. Yet hedges are both the chief 1 agricultural ornament, and most valuable improve- ' ment of that well cultivated country. But hogs \ are not there turned loose by law to assail them.^ I do however think that a cedar hedge is far more j capable of forming a fence against hogs than th* 238 th^ because one, as a trse, will acquire more strength or stubbornness than tlic other, a shrub, can ever reach ; and because the cedar is capa- ble of being worked into a closer texture than the thorn. , , ,. Yet the wedge-like snout of the hog, the hardi- ness of his nature, and the toughness of his hide, certainly exhibit him as a dangerous foe to live fen- ces ; and the resources of ringing and yoking to control his powers and his disposition, ought to be adverted to, for the sal:e of an improvement so momentous. These will not shock our prejudices nor violate our habits, and are supported by a consideration of weight, far inferior to the impor- j tance of hedging ; and yfit light as it is, of weight | sufficient to justify the recommendation. If hedg- ; es are not protected against hogs, at least four rows of plants and a double width of ridge or bank will be necessary ; there must be a double sized ditch to furnish this earth ; a double portion of land will be occupied by the hedge and ditch ; and , more than double labour, owing to the inconvoni- ' ence arising from grsat breadth, will be always required to keep the hedge in order. Something less than moieties in all these cases will suffice for hedges capable of fencing out every other animal, if the legal rights of hogs are only modified, and besides the narrow hedges will be far more beauli- fu). [Col. Taylor's Arator.] (I5=For further remarks on raising cedars, and Cedar-hedges see page '2U9 of the, current volume of the N. E. Farmer. NEW ENGl AND FARxMER. NEW^NGl^ANT)j;AliMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEB. 16, 1827. Feb. 19. mi It will be found advantageous to constru(j manger, in such a manner that it may be by sfiding into the wall, so that when the has oaten his grain he may have nothing eB bite at when the groom is cleaning laimi which habit horses sometimes become crib- Tiie racks are best made of cast iron, as rack-staves frequently introduce splinteral the lips during the action of gathering the hi The door of the stable should be at least MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF HORSES. Stables. Narrow stalls are a source of great in- convenience and danger to a horse when he turns round in them. In the course of my practice, I have met with several cases of diseased spines or ^ ^ „y uu^r ui mc o.»u..= .„.,.>..v „v. «. back bones from this canse only. Injuries of this fppt in height, which will render the horsi nature are (renerally beyond relief, on which ac- l,able to strike his head against the upper- count they point out very forcibly the necessity of prevention. . When the horse is required to turn round in a marrow stall, his own experience of his situation i would teach him to move backwards out of it, but the .room prevents him from so doing, by stand- i irg close behind him, and urging him, either by a threatening tone of voice or the whip, to turn in- stantaneously in a space considerably shorter than j his own body it in passing through it. fVater. With regard to water, horses gel ly prefer that which is soft, and even thici muddy. Soft water should therefore alwaj iriven to them, if possible. The quantity be proportional to the labor which the anin dergoes, for if he sweats much, he will quently require more to repair the consun of the fluids of his body. It is customary in I is own body. . . ing stables to warm the water before the Although by exerting the utmost flexibility of I j^-j^j^g jj . j^is is • n __ .u ;,„..i .noir npfhans. nerform this I . .^ u;™ KoKU NORTH WEST PASSAGE- 1 In a letter from Mr Douglass, the botanist, to | Dr. Hooker, dated from the Great Falls on the | Columbia river, the 2-Uh of March, lfAL. NATE The bill to reduce the duty on sslt ted was debated with much length mil am and passed to be enacted. A ,jie.-s- Jr.^ received from the President of the Uji,>.' ' s, submitting to the consideration of Con certain documents relative to an allesiej MS on the rights and territory of the Creek ns by the state of Georgia. This message a long and warm discussion was referred to Bimittee chosen by tiallot, and consi.-iting of ire. Benton, Berrien, Van Buren, Smith of S. id Harrison. The Bankrupt bill after long te was rejected. Yeas 21, Nays 27. »USE.— The President of the United States mitted by Message, the Report of the Secre- of State, relating to the appoinlment of Char- les Affaires, and to the commis.^ioners of the ters and Secretary to the mission to Panama. Secretary of the Treasury made a report in tliance with the orders of the House, of the s accrued on woollen manufactures, raw wool arpeling imported in the year ending Sept. 826— to wit :— American vessels amounted to .$3,009,582,95 foreign vessels >tal amount of duties on these fles imported in 182G the same articles imported in rear ending 30th Sep. 1825, the 5s amounted — American vessels to jreign vessels to lies imported in 1825 14.5,610,10 3,155,193,05 $4,002,203,1.- 114,257,10 do \ blood do do ti&i blooil do- do I year ohl do j blood Denlon ^ rill-pail 'J St. ers 1 yt-ar old do J hlood Denton 1 \lrgniia bred Mare, powerful and kind in any harness and excellent uuder the saddle, 1 Colt 2 years old next spring, from the above mare by Mr Williams's imported horse Roman. 1 Colt 1 }ear old hour an excellent maru by the same Horse. 1 Mare with Foal ty Roman. 1 gpood t'arm Horse. 7 Hogs of the Worctster breed— 2 Waggons, 2 Carts — 1 Chaise and ilaruess— 5 Houghs— Ox Yokes Chains — Iron Bars— Sled — Sleigh — Shovels— II oes Hakes— tVaggon Harnesses— Halfers— Bridles— Sad- dles—a Straw and Hay Cutter, cost $30, of the most approved constructicn. 1 lo 200 bushels Corn— Potatoes— Engli.^ Turnips— from 10 lo 20 tons English Hay— Cider. Berls, Mattresses, Bedsteads, Curtsins — Looking- Olas^es-^Chairs — Tablts-Cioekery and Glass Ware Andirons — Fenders — Desks — Bureaus, &c. ■■Uso, a piece of Pasture, Mowing and Tilling Land, near the Meetinghouse in the Kast Parish iu Marl- borough, called Maynard's Hill, containing about 3.". acres. A piece of Pasture Laud, on the road leading from the old Meeliughouse common to Gto. Howes' house, called the Doyd pasture, containing about 14 acres. .\ Grist .Vjill, with about 10 acres of land adjoining — called Maynard's Mill. Conditions of sale, of the Real Estate. easurea more effectually to suppress lotteries. The Senate proceeded again to choose on its part a Senator of the United States, when His Ea- collency Gov. Lincoln was chosen. HOUSE. — The House proceeded to a choice on its part of a Senator to Congress. The whole number of votes 219, a choice 110. The Hon. Elij;ih H. Mills received 118 and was chosen on the part of the House. The Committee of Fi- 1 25 per cerit of the purchase money down, oi' by an ; . nance was directed to report a Ta.x Act similar i P'"'''' '^'"'"''-''''^ °°'''' P'^y^*'''^ '" ^'^ ^'=»^^ "'"' '"'''f's- to that of ISaa The bill for regulating the sale ' -"''" ""'■"'"'•"■ '" ' "'"■' ' "-" "''"■ ■""■'"-' "~- of Lottery Tickets, by licensing the venders, was after debate indefinitely postponed. A Commit- tee was appoiirteJ to report on the expediency of incorporating the New England Society for the Improvement of Wool. A report of the Com- mittee of tlie Judiciary declaring that it is in- expedient lo enlarge the pover of Justices of the Peafie, so as to authorize them to hear*and de- lennine civi -the remainder in 1,2 and 3 years with inter innallv, secured by a mortgage of the premises. Boston, Feb. I, 1!;27. UKiNRY RICE. PAT E NT H I N G E T RU 5 ^S ioes not e-Kceed twenty-five dollars was accept- THE AUMIRAI.. The Subscriber informs those who are desirous of improving by this fine imported an imal,(hat he will be kept on the farm of John Welles, Esq. Dorchester, near the Rfv. Dr Codman's meeting House, till further notice. Terms three dollars. -ipply lo A. GREENWOOD on said farm, lamfr.m Feb. 16 The entire new mode of pressure which the com- bined qualities of this instrument obtains in its ap- plicatii>i) to the disease ol Herma or Rupture, and the consequent well known frequent cures accomplished by Its use, even on the most aged suffeiers,together with actions where the debt or damage the safety, ease and comfort, with which it is worn, h.-)s, to the highest gratification of the inventor pro- cured the enconiiunis ofthe most scientific Tuedical men of our own country, ss well as its acknowledged superority by Astley Cooper, of London. And the pat- entee may further add. that Trusses of his invenlioa sre now manufactured and sold iu London, as the American Truss. This, it is conceived he may name, as a just source of national and professional gratifica- tion. From the experiments which the patentee has made, for two years past, on aged persons tor the cure of rupture, he is authorized to announce to the public Ihe gratifying .result, that almost every person that has strictly followed his instructions relative to an ac- casional increase of presure, with auxiliary means, hare uniformly ( xperienced a partial closing of the breach within a fe-w weeks, and what is still more pleasing to add is that its efficacy has been fully and strikingly de- monstrated in accomplishing perfect cures on persons at the advanced age of from 60 to 75 years, anduniver- sally on youth. In the application of this instrument in different eases of the disease, a difference of adaptation is ne- cessary, in res|>ect to form, size and pressure and the neglect of these indispensable requisitions is the only cause of its failure, where any means of the kind are practicable ; a careful observance of which is urged to all ihose who apply them. EBKNEZKR WIGHT, Apothecary. Mitt-stieet opposite Federal street, has just received a large assortment of the above Trusses. , ,i Gardener. WA-\TF.D — a Gardener of good character. Apply at this ofKce. 4t. Feb 9 Wanted, A man with his wife to attend lo the work of a Farm and dairy, about 9 miles from Boston, none need ap- ply unless they can produce undoubted recommendar tion?. Apply at this Olfice. 3t. Feb. 2. Wanted to Purchase. Stubbs' Anatomy of the Horse, for which a fair price will be given, if left at this office. Public Auction. The subscriber will sell at Public Auction, at his farm in Marlborough, on Tuesday the 20th instant at 9 o'clock iu the forenoon. All the Slock of Cattle, Horses, Farming Utensils, Household Furniture, and produce, viz. 1 Yoke of Oxen. 10 Cows all of which have been selected with great care, and are probably equal lo any in the state. A part of them are of the Fill-pail breed, and of the im- ived Durham short-horned breed, from Mr W illiams's imported bull Denton, and are now with calf by the bull imported by George W. Lyman, Esq. I I Heifer 3 yrs. old uexl spring, \ blood ijenton $4,110,459,20 ■* Heifers 2 j rs old do i & J blood do Eastern potatoes for sale, at the cellar under C'hauncy place I "hurch in Summer street. BOSTON MARKET— Prices, gener illy, ag»ee with those of last week. Corn has aJvnnceJ to 85 to 90 cents— Rye 95 to l.UC — Eggs 25 — Seeds scarce, generally higher than last season, and still rising — Wool at our last quoted prices. 240 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Feb. v.y '!>*■-::. ]M[XSCEI.I.AmBS. Spain. — The student of history mnst have been struck with that portion of Mr Canning's late speech in which he enquires "wljere can we now find that Spain in the map of the world, which was to have swallowed up the power of maritime England ?" Spain was at one time mistress of the Netherlands in the North and Naples in the South of Europe ; of the heart of Italy ; of cer- tain islands in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and a strong hold in Africa ; of considerable pos- sessions in the East, and nearly all the West In- dies ; of three fourths of South, and the richest portion of North America ; her dag floating on every sea ; she possessed more of the precious Tnetals than all the world beside : and her sover- eign, in addition to the sway of his own hereditary dominions, wore the imperial crown of Germany. Most truly did she boast that within the limits of her empire the sun never set. But that stupen- dous power was not obtained by virtue, nor pos- sessed with moderation. Avarice and perfidy stained its rise ; unexampled cruelty si^nialized its 1 can come up from the bottom meridian ; the most sanguinary tyranny and de- grading meanness have brought unbounded exe- cration and contempt on its decline. [Lebanon Republican.] A curse is like a stone thrown up towards hea- ven, and most likely to return on the head of him that sent it. Sir Walter Scott. The present popslation of New-Orleans is be- lieved to exceed 50,000 souls. When the city was transferred to this government, S3 years ago, I it contained but 8000 inhabitants. I General La Fayette's grant of 20,000 acres is i in the neighborhood of Tallahasse, the capital ofj Florida. This is said to be a charming country, producing the wild grape plum, and may be fit for the silk worm. 1 Industry is sometimes poor; because, as the! prophet Haggai says, she puts her wages into a purse with holes. i Fathers sliould not help their sons too much when young r- Let them browse v\liile their teeth are good. Yet Dr. Franklin did well to establish prudent, but indigent, young men in trade, to be reimbursed hereafter ; because, when a pump is dry, water must be poured in at the top before any aARBEl!? AHB FXSI.33 SJB^SB.l . The proprietors of the New England Farruei the Agricultural Establishment inlorm the p\ that they have made arrangements for sellinj; f dtn, Herb, Flower and Grass Steds, Btilhijus Fi, . Roots, Sfc. of every description. They hiv* j received from Mess. Thorburn & Son oft York, a fresh assortment, among which are * Effect of Music on .fhiimals — On a Sunday ev- ening five choristers w ere walking on the banks of the river Mer.'iey, in Cheshire ; after some time, they sat down on the grass, and began to sing an anthem. The field in which they sat was termina- ted at one extremity by a wood, out of which, as they were singing they observed a hare to pass with great s\vif>,';ess touavds the pLice where they were sitting, -.nd to .^lop at about twenty yards distance from tiiem. She appeared delighted with the music, often turning up the side of her head to listen with more f'cility. This uncommon ap- pearance en^'.aged their attention ; and being de- sirous to knew wliot'.er the creature paid them the visit to partake of the music, they finished the piece, and sat slili without speaking to each other. As soon as the harmonious sound was over, the hare returned skwly towards the wood ; when she had reached nearly the end of the field tiiey began the same piece ag:ain ; at which the hare stopped, turned about, and came swiftly back again to about the same distance as before, where she seemed to listen with rapture and dslitrhl, till they had finished the anthem, vrhen she re- turned by a slow pace up the field, and entered the wood. [N. Mon. Mag.] Anecdote of George ///.—While the Earl of Chesterfield was in the Cabinet, he had to wait upon the King for his signature to an appoint which his Majesty had objected to witii much warmth. The Earl opened the business with, "Whose name would your Majesty be pleased to have put in the blanks ?" '' Belzebub's'." exclaim- ed the Sovereign with much indignation. " And will your Majesty," continued the cool and face- tious Peer, " permit the instrument to run as us- ual. Our trusty and loell beloved Cousin and Coun- sellor ?" The King, it is added, laughed, and im- mediately put his hand to the required appoint- ment. There is a kind of man who will not do as he himself wishes to, lest he should please somebody. The Legislature of Ohio has before it a bill for " Farming out their State Prison." Is the contrac- tor to employ the convicts in any thing they may be most expert at ? Large baggage sleds are drawn now by two horses on a quick trot, with loads that in waggons four horses could only draw on a walk. Nova Scotia, New-Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island and Cape Breton, are as large as England, containing 3.5,000,000 of acres — and are capj.ble of maintaining three millions of inhabitants. Their present population is 200,000. Medical Hiparlee. — A candidate for medical honours, having thrown himself almost into a fev- er from his incapacity of Enswering the questions, was asked by one of the Professors — " How would you sweat a patient for the rheumatism ?" He re- plied, " I would send him here to be examined." The royal assent has been given to the act in- corporating a company for carrying on the manu- facture of iron, in Anntipolis county, Nova Scotia. The ore is said to be very abundant. Patents. — It appears by a report made to the House of Representatives, that 4312 patents have been granted during the preceding year, that the sum received for the same is Sl'i9,000. The ex- penses of the patent office are 6,780 67. The Late Snow Storms.— The number of individu- menti^-ls who perished in the highlands, during the lata storms is ascertained to be between twenty seven and thirty. Upwards of five thousand trees were blown down at Gordon Castle. [Liv. Mer.] It is stated that the quantity of snow which hns fallen at St. Johns, N. B. the pi-esent season, was not sufficient to cover the ground I Windsor beans, China dwarf do White kidney do Warrington do Refugee do Mizagan do Red pole cranberry do Dutch cn.sc-knife do Turnip beet Blood do V.'liite scarcity do Brussels sprouts Early York Cabbage ' sugar loaf do ' Battcrsea Sugarloaf Drumhead Red Dutch Green Savoy Yellow Savoy Madeira Tennisball Drumhead Ice C033 Green White Solid Celery Red do Horn Carrot Orange do Early Cucumber Long do London leek Early lettuce Cabbage do Pine apple melon Green cition do Nutmeg do Purple egg plant Silla.l ii„istard Nasturtiun Mangel Wurtr.el Large Norfolk turnip Curled Cress do. Long cucumber Girkin do. Green Turkey do. White do. The Wilmington, N. C. Recorder of the 31st ult. says — "The weather has been unfOeetsatttls uarm for the last three days." Preserving IVood. Dry rot in timber may be prevented by charring the joints, and fi>ing them in anchorsmith or foundry ashes laid under the flooring. Leaving' one of the boards of the floor loose, and removing it at night, it is s.iid to prevent it. Painting wood before the sap is dry, hastens its decay. ^Gleanings of Husbandry.] i White onion I i Red do 1 J Yellow do .! ' Parsnip, Paj r Early frame peas, 5 ' Charlton do i Dwarf Imperial do '. ' Dwarf proliHci \ ' ' man owl 5 Tall sugar lio. < Early Wushin_^tuii * Lucerne ['••-:') 5 Squash pt;pper 5 Cayenne do | \ Scarlet radish 3 \ Salmon do J j Red turnip do I White do do I Black do do $ Purple do do ] Round spinage 5 Prickly do •]. \ Early bush squash) J Crook neck do \ Salsafy, vegetable) J Early Dutch turni] i Red top do \ VV^hite Norfolk do I ' Stowe dt 5 Ruta baga di i Tomatoes T 5 Sweer marjoram 5 Savoury ' Asparagus Arti J Warrington do ', Early turnip blood ; Purple cape Broci \ White onion 5 Red do. 5 Yellow do. I Vv^hite clover 'i Red top grass » i-'arly cauliflower $ Late do. I Early horn carrot I Okra 5 Green curled endi' I Ruta Bnja As the season for making hot beds is ni hand, gentlemen in want of Early Cabhage, ' flouer. Lettuce, &c. can be furnis' ■ ' wit seed. In addition to the above, we i, •■ .j;;' p a supply from Europe. For sale at tht Agricultural Ebtc-^lx.- North '-Tarket Strctt and at the Farn^r Wni'tzp! and Sugar Beet Setd raisort \'j , !"sq. of Hoxbury. It is recommended fj g( ntk. van ol' these seed« to apply sooD, as. (iom th4'' ol'last season, ths quantity is small au'i tho ^i: .it'ro^urse lie hiii;h(r. 50ii \>u-i\\eU Red. Top Seed. Clov. .; _fj7 Published evtrv Friday at Thrr-" num. payable at Ibr end of the y-'ar pay within sixty dais from the time v Pntitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents. FAllPtlEH. Win, ^OL. V. Itiiv l'ul)lislieJ by Sony U. Kussell ut iNo. i,i :Monli .Mar.vcl ^trcel, ^.,|,^.06lt.J Fiuiiieil Hall) -Thomas G. FESSENDEtJ, BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1827. No, 81, RIGINAL PAPERS PAINTINGS OF ANIMALS. Fes5f.>de:< — I was much pleased witli tlie rks of your New Bedford correspondent in 0 of your paper, respecting Mr Fislier's tal- br painting aniuiuls correctly nnd sdcnlijical- t is, as lie observes, with regard to painters neral, they look upon " a cow as a cow, and us an ox," ditfering only in size and colour, )'jjj out any perception of those nicer characteris- which are so readily distinguished by the ag- turist. It is too often the case that if a psint- iss formed an animal with four legs, a head horns, he has done his task. He has drawn X, and an ox was what was wanted. If, Mr or, there is any one who understands the art ortraying all the nice peculiaiities of any va- f of stock, if he can catch the slight shades of nction and fix them upon the canvass and ren- theni almost sensible to the "/cf/," he ought ainly to be patronised ; for such a talent is too "ul to the agriculturist to lie unemployed. I erely hope that measures will be taken to have setts, taken and lithographed and distributed the farming community. may seem of not much consequence to you in isachusetts, where you are conversant with the breeds, and where the march of improvement ncouraged by a liberality which redoimds not ttir to the honor as well as prosperity of the ,6 ; but to us in Maine, where cattle sliows are known, and "Short Horns" are a cariosity, itings or portraits would be of great service. — the first place it would tell many who are now Grant of the fsict that there is a better breed of tie, &c. in existence than our own. In the ne.\t ce it would sliow them wherein — and lastly I »uld hope it would prompt them to Silt those sy have and procure better. It is true, sir, we' d your accounts of cattle shows and premiums if Dentons, of Aiimirals, and Wye Comets — of llfounders, of Romans, Columbus and Cleave- d Bays, but if we stray not out of the limits ot state to see them, we have not much of an idea them. Permit rae to express my hopes once )re that paintings and engravings may be made d circulated, that we wlio arp not able to come d see, may at least have a faint idea of what is Dsidered true excellence, and what not. flardmer, Me. Feb. 1], 1827. E. H. THE BUG IN PEASi Sir — In your paper of Feb. 9, I observed a atement by Messrs. G. Thorburn & son, of New ovk, in their preface to their catalogue of seeds, pd which I think is incorrect. I allude to the patemcnt relative to pea-bugs, page 231. It is fell known tliat the pea-bug like all other insects (ropagates its kind through the medium of «ggs, lid any one may easily ascertain their mode and [lace of depositing their eggs at the proper seas- heals the wound, and causes the surface to be I site to nscerliin the time when the Hight of these whole and fair: the egg hatches, forms a worm, in.-;;cts is over an I tlicy perisli. As peas of vari- ous sorts blossom and form their buds at different times, some that come late may perhajis admit of such early sowing as to secure a vigorous nnd am- ple growth of the vines before the intense heat of summer arrives ; in which case a satisfactory crop may be more surely expected." Late s"wu peas, however, though they may es- cape the bugs, are apt to be injured by mildew or rust, as well as by the intense heat of summer Mildew in peas, is said to be caused by moisture in the atmosphere, and dryness in the soil, and it is asserted that watering the late sown plants, rather profusely, once in a week or nine days will prevent their suffering from this disorder. See N. E. Farmer, vol. i. p. 411. Deane's New England Farmer observes that "The only insect that commonly injures our pease is a small brown hug or fly, the egg of whjjjfi is deposited in them when they are young, anfl the pods easily perforated. The insect docs not come out of his nest till he is furnished with short wings. They diminish the pease in which they lodge to nearly one half, and their leavings are fit only for food for swine. The bugs, however, will be all gone out if you keep them till the following autumn. But they who eat buggy paas the winter after they are raised must run the venture of eat- ing the insects." which subsists on the grosser parts of the pon, and in proper time having assumed tlu; insect form, eats its way out and performs the same routine of servi'.e its parent did. It is well known tliat tlie bug does not injure the germinating quality of the pea, nor sliould such a thing be expected ; nature is too correct in its productions to allow it. The voiion of the seeds or eggs being deposited in the flower or blossom is certainly anything but the production of research ; — when the peas are of a (it size to be eaten green, examine the pods and you will find reddish marks on the side exact- ly against the most prominent part of the peas ; open the pods and you will see a reddish spot in the corresponding side of the pea ; take a pen- knife and carefully open the pea around the spot, and you may find a white egg about the size of a small pin head, which is the foundation laid for a Pea Bug. C. PITMAN. Troy, Feb. 14, 1837. Remarks hy the Editor. — The opinion that the I portraits of most of the fine animals in Massa- 1 pea-bug " deposits its egg in the Jlnwer, and ma- tures with the pea, when it eats its way out at the side" is probably erroneous. In the Massa- chusetts Agricultural Repository for Juue 182'2, is a letter from Col. Pickering, which explains the evil and points out a remedy. The Hon. writer observes, in substance, that the greatest difficulty to be encountered in raising peas is to produce them free from bugs. An effectual remedy for this evil is late so.ving ■ but the hut sun of June will so pinch the vine of the bite sown peas, that the crop will be small, unless the laud be moist as well as rich. lie then details some experiments from which he concludes that this insect is limit- ed to a certain period for depositing its eggs ; am that if tiie tender | o-is are not found till that peri- od is passed, the pease will he free from bugs. — (^ol. Pickering;- quotes the following from a paper, written by the late Mr Bartram a distingaislied naturalist of Pennsylvania : "They [the pea-bugs] feed, when in the caterpil- lar or grub slate, on the green garden or field pea, as soon 'as the pods have arrived to a state of ma turity sufficient to shou' the peas which are within them. In the evening or on a cloudy H.iy, the fe- male deposits her eggs on the outside of the pods; tliese eggs or nits soon hatch, and the young larva or worm eats directly through and enters the young pea, where it lodges, and remains feedinsr on its contents until it changes to a chrysalis, and thence to a fly or beetle before tiie succeeding spring ; but do not eat their way out until the colds and frosts are past, which is about the be- ginning of April, when we generally begin to plant peas." " After they have disseminated their eggs they perish." " But that which is surprising and difficult to be accounted for, is, that the worm leaves the rostellum, or sprout untouched, or at east uninjured ; for almost every pea vegetates and thrives vigorously, notwithstanding the corcu- him (the rudiment of the young plant) and plumu- la seem to be consumed. The Bug makes a puncture through the side of he pod into the pea, when the pea is about half Is proper size to be eaten green, and deposits its 'gg in the pea;— the growth of tte pea covers or Pickering, " in different climates, may be requi-l PHYSICAL VIRTUES OF PLANTS. When plants are removed from their native soil and taken iato a state of culture, it alters not only' their habit* but their physical virtues. Thus the sour grape is rendered sweet, the bitter pear pleasant, the dry apricot pulpy, the prickly lettuce smooth, and the acid celery wholesome. Pot-herbs \re also rendered more tender by means of culti- vation, and better fitted for the use of man ; and so also are our fine varieties of fruit. — Loudon. A knowledge of these facts should induce us to attempt to domesticate some of the wild plants of our soil and climate. There are wild grapes, wild plums, wild cherries, a wild sort of upland rice, a variety of vegetables, which might, perhaps, be used for pot-horbs, which those who have means, leisure and philanthropy would do well to culti- vate, till it could be ascertained whether the plants would developc any new and valuable prop- erties under the hand of the husbandman or hor- ticulturist.— Editor. Important uses of the Leaves of the Grape-Vine. From experiments made by Sir .lames Hall, it has been found that the leaves of the grape-vine, dried in the shade,make an excellent and extreme- ly wholesome tea, though differing in taste and flavour from that commonly used. Besides, also being admirably calculated for making vinegar, the prunings of the vine, on being bruised and put into a vat or mashing tub, and boiling water poured on them, in the same way as is done with malt, will produce a liquor of a fine vinous quality, - which being fermented, forms a substitute for beer ; and which, on being distilled produces a " One or two years' observation," continues Col. | good spirit of the nature of brandy. [English publicatioij.] ^242 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Feb. 23, 1827 INDIAN CORN FOR FODDER. I grains of Sugar of lend, in lialf a pint of rain, river j above are new to us. We have i,ot known of Mr. Fesue^ce.-v— The drouirht ofthP laslsum-lor snowwater, premising one or two purges.— I leaves being used as fodder for cattle, nor thej mer having caused farmers in tliis vicinity to des- ( Leeches are also highly useful in this complidnt.— | for feeding sheep" or pigs, though we have kif pair of crops of hay sufficient for wintering their | Eyes naturally weak may be strengthened, by fre- j them given to poultry. We have no reason, I usur.l stock of cattle, I be^an to thinl: of cxpedi- I qnently washing them with green tea ; to a cup- ever, to doubt but that they may be profitably ents for remedying the anticipated deficiency ; and I ful of which, add a tea-spoonful of brandy; and by j plicd^to the:ie purposes. ^And if the leaves of wearing a white hat, with black having seen it recommended in your very respec- table and useful paper to sow Indian corn for fod- der, I determined to make the experin'.cnt. Grass seed sown the preceding year, except on low and moist iand, was so unpromising tliat many planted their stubbles or sowed them ever airfiin. nndorneath, in I sun-flower will furnish fodder ibr cattle, \\( summer. [Ibid.] Tliefat of Animals. Used for food.is wholesome when not burnt, or not rancid; in either of these cases, it produces in- digestion and heart-burn. Fat is thrown away too lera artichoke, (vhicli lias been frequently rec mended for field culture as well by Americt British writers on husbandry) may likewise be) uable as food for neat slock. From a paper on the subject of sun-floweti in the first vol. of the Trans. Jlmtr. Plal. Socf because by means of crumbs of bread, or tlo'jr it|jj^^^ ^^^^ that one bushel of sun-flower seed yH may be made miscible with water, and form^ a pa't-jthree quarts of oil, and that this quantity of of soups, and s-iuccs. {Ibid., .^ produced from an hundred plants, seta Elder, Smnhurus JVig:n:. three feet apart, in the same manner tliat Inl The following- mixture is excellent in the drop- com is planted. The oil is ibin, clear, and o9 Having neglected to do cither, I selected a half. - r ri , i i , h, „„„.=, o,-.,,, .l-innino-s f ^ , , , , , L- u T often. In France nobody throws av.-ay u.ippmgs acre, the most naked and bare or grass, which 1 - • prepared for the seed by deep and faithful plougli- in*, then carted on two small loads of barn yard scrapings, very dry and light, with very little of •he stimulating or nutritive qualities, (the only manure obtainable at that season, the 17th of June;) this was spread upon the ground, then fife peeks of our comoion yellow corn were sown broad cast, ploughed in and the iron tootlicd harrov,' passed over it, and for want of a roller, the harrov,- was inverted and drawn over the ground again. The earth was dry and parched, and my labourers said the crop would not repay me for the seed, but the sin of tlinir want of faith was not visited Xipon me, for the corn germinated and grew bet- ter than my expectations; some of it attaining a uo reason to doubt tliat the leaves of the .firm I sy, viz. Put an ounce of the inner bark of elder in to a china basin, add a gill of boiling water, and a few whole caraway seeds. — Let it stand eighteen hours, and then squeeze out the liquor. It is a brisk cathartic and diuretic. [American Herbal.] Laws of Vegetable JVature. Vegetable substances are always acid v.'Iien the oxygen, [vital air] they contain is to the hydrogen, [inflammable air] in a greater proportion th»n in height of five feet, and varying from that to one j "'ater ; Sdly. Vegetable substances are always foot ; this variation I attributed to the unequal \ resinous or cly or spintous when the oxygen they manner in which the manure was spread. Some <^onmv> is to the hydrogen m a smaller proportion of the stalks had ears larn-e enough for boiling, i 'h''" i" «»t" ; 3dly. Vegetable substances are and most of them, cars of a smaller Mze, some j "hither acid nor resinous, but saccharine, or mu- having not more than three ov four kernels.— ^ilaginous, or analogous to woody fibre or starch. The fodder was mowed the 2!Hh Sent, but the "hf " t''^ oxygen and hydrogen they contain are weather bein- unfavourable for curing it. it was '" ^^e same proportion as in water, not housed till the 7 th Oct. when the quantity was ' [Traite de Chem. Element, torn. III. ch m.] estimated at thirty Iiundred weight. The cattle eat it clean, and prefer it to any fodder except English hay. It contains a large quantity of the saccharine and nourishing principle, and I consid- er it equal in vnlue to a ton of the best hay. The expense of cultivation was 0 or -$7. lam far] from thinking that I used the best means ofcul-i tivating such a crop, and I send you this, not with the presumptuous expectation of instructing j others, but with the ho[ie of drawing information j from yourself or your correspondents who are i competent to impart it. INEXPERTUS. ■^PREPARED FOR THE NEW F.NGJ.AMI FARMER.] j Contraction of the Limbs. One yolk of an egg, ifgradunlly beaten up with tliree ounces of pure water, and reduced to the ut- most degree of thinness, has been used for con- j tractions of the liinbg. [Dr T. Cooper.] Common Elecampane, or Inula L. ] A decoction of this plant has been employed by Cermiiintion of Seeds. Tiie following table indicates the periods of the gcrinination of a considerable variety of seeds, as observed by Adanson. Days. Wheat, Millet seed 1 Spinage, Beans, Mu.^tard 3 Lettuce, Anniseed 4 Melon, Cucumber .5 Cress seed ,=; Radish, Beet root 6 Barley" 7 Orache 8 Purslaiu 9 Cabbage 10 Hysop 30 Parsley 40 or 50 Almond, Chesnut, Peach 1 year Rose, Hav.thorn, Filbert 2 y'rs [Loudon.] Uses of Sun-Flower. - ,. , .. , , ■ , ,1 The cultivation of the common sun-flower 7/ or iS.OOOlbu. powder, it broaks inu. « .rreat muubr.r of pl.-cps,— , A^w'sJ^rTlVhl'Zl'rhe'sidneu /Ve,""w'7. aw to each grown beaat where,,, if it i. ...ite liile,!, it ,„orcly .cparales i,,- "V./.-v MnUtor or,I.:ly la.,, .ives the following ac- (Bonlley s Husbandry.) to two or three pieces whi.;h aie thrown to a great count of that setlie.iieiit :— [t wonld be more economical, however, to cut distance. i On reo-ir.iin.r thn .or,, :. „ n i • u ., ^ ■,, . .. ,,■.•• ,. ; *^'" '^'^o''r'""5r "le very ainiill space which the cs- irnw with a straw-cnlter, even when it is in- II tlic Irnnic of a t,-oe is ch„r-o.l with gnnpow. plorod part of Anstral.tsia is- cotitained in as cm dforhtter. But it cut .ind ini.xed, or giv dor for the purpose of splitting it, 3„d the waddiiifr pared with the wliole contiuct, we cannot but 'I Si value than straw.and cut and distribute is loft between them, tlio elfects of the powder ! est e.Uent of the explored part docs not oxreed straw for foddfv.lfpossible feed your cattle un- ;:rc then such as to tear the tree asunder. six hundred miles north and south, and four hun- r,and provide then, at least u siied to lodge ^ ,, .. ., dred milws P'i=t an,l ,. o.» 7„j„„, r r , ., ■., .11 I-.. : On tie prooeiiu of beiliiis' in Pease ureu mneo ejst anU west. Indeed we have but a nd they will require not only less litter ; ^' J J o„ui ,g in incase. very imperfect itnowledge of the country 200 miles ess food than if fed and lodged in an openi ^" i«''"'^ ■'.»''' />«"««, some samples, without ref- [distant. Wc ' •■ '•"': 'ouniry ^,nj milns '■ Many fanners," eays the Domestic Knoy- ^ rence to variety, fall or moulder down fully into j ly siiould not bo suprised if it eventual- ,,,( •■ Many larmers, says me uomesuc r.noy- -•-— '" ■"';,-■' ' *"" l" "»"■■"" ""» n luiiy into , ly turns out tiiat we have settled on the worst snot „j >dia, '■ feed in their yards in racks, and .up- P»lp, ^vhilc others continue to maintain their form. i„ t|,e island. Hunter's River without anvlouWh , . that tliey gain every possible advantage from The for.ner are called boilers. This property of i, , f,„e .etUement : the whole counry "^017,' "uactiee, by the saving of dung dropped, '^o.-ig depends on the soi ; stiff' land, or sandy as if it wanted mowing-lagl flock" L'^d led and watered by the cattle ; and ihotigh/"'' tint has been tnarled uniformly, produces arc fast accumulatin-rf and Lany settler" are n racticeis certainly preferable to wasteful' P<'»- hat will not melt in the boiler.no matter vesting considerable property in b, ii no fpn.i "" prai ing, or to feeding in racks (or from stacks fields, yet it ought to be recollected that inure \vill be much inferior to that made and rved under cover. For there are objections inst the practice of yard feeding, viz. Danger what the vai-iety may be. — [Loudon.] IMPOaTANT DISCOVERY. By some recent expcrimenls, made by M. Eer- trand it appears that charcoal possesses tlie pow a V icious beast injuring another, the irritation "^^"^ counteracting the fatul effects of the mineral Ing from their contentions for food,and worry- P'"^''"^ °" the animal body. He enumerares sey- y flies, all of which are avoided by feeding ®™ e.\penments to prove this fact, the third of ' which was made on himself " At half past seven in tlie morning," he states, " I swallowed, fiistin-r, five grains of arsenick powder, in half a glass of )il a o,uantity of mealy potatoes, and mash strong n'.ixture of charcoal; at a quarter before without pealing ; then take as many, and eight I perceived a painful sensation of heat in third more of raw potatoes, and obtain the the stomach, with great thirst. I then drank [alls under cover.' To make. Patent Paste. c property in building, fencing and clearing. All are rising into that desirable condition of having bread enough and to spare. In a few years they will constitute a powerful squireality, truly enviable, if they preserve the free, open, and generous character of an English country gentleman— The following are the aver- age prices of articles at Sidney : — Wheat 8s. 3d. Maize 3a. Barley 4s. per bushel. Butter 2s. Cheese Is. per lb. Eggs Is. 6d per dozen. Fowls 3s. Ducks 43.ed. Geese 1'2e. Turkies lis per couple. Potatoes 19s. per cwt. Bread (Id. per ioaf. On Friday ni;;ht, the new stables. &c. of Abi- jah H. Hatch, of Fishkill, keeper of the. stage fi or flower from them, by rrating them into . other glass of the charcoal. At half past nine the [house atjhat place, and one of the proprietors "of scl of water, and reserving only the finer par- oppressive pain ceased in the stomach, and was the line of stages, were destroyed by fire,'tO'rether !. The mashed potatoes are to be diluted, followed by an uneasy sensation in the viscera j «'ith seventeen fine horses, about 500 dollars°worth "upland passed through a seive. They are Being very thirsty, I drank several cups of aa in- of hay, and several harnesses, &c. Only two of to be put into a boilei, and when nearly boil- fusion of orange flowers, and at 11, was compitce- '" the starch ];roduced from the grated potatoes i ly well. At noon I dined as usual, witliout incon- be added, and the n hole boiled together about venience, and could perceive no further deran-'e- nty nunutcs, during which time it must be nient in the digestive functions." Tiie same ex- fully stirred : it is then good paste, and is to , periment was made with corrosive sublimate of lut into a wide vessel to cool. — (English pa.) I mercury, with the same result. As we have hith- ' 19 horses in the stable were saved. Eleven that were hilled were the property of Mr U. stated to be worth .SIOOO. One of the drivers made every exertion to save the horses. He rushed into the stable and cut loose the four horses belonging to his team, but could not induce them to leave the To Increase theforee of gunpowder. erto been unacquainted with any article capable of | stable. He led then, to the door, but they would :;ther till the white colour of the lime dis „ . ., e ^ ■ A ■ 1 rendering the mineral poisons inert, the eommuni- T Baine says three ounces of pulverized quick ^.itif,,, „r M Hortmr,,! „«• .i w i ■ ■ / / ' . cation 01 JVl. iiertrand of the result of liis exner - being added to one pound of gunpowder, its mepts is of vast importance, e is augmented one third; shake the whole 1 fTr' Wo v,.,t,n ti,„„„i » .i • i - I UUr we have thought this paragraph from a ,„ ,. , o u 1- .• ,'''■ i ''''6 London paper worth copying, for tlie discove- [Engush Publication.] | ^y j, interesting, and countenanced by the well I. D. GrifSth, Esq. in the gth vol. of the Ttohs- : known chemical cfl'ect of charcoal on metallic ox- '0115 of the Hath and IVtst of EnglandSocicly yde, in common experiments. It is not any no.t- ;es that quick lime, mixed with gunpowder, in ious quality in the simple metal that renders the proportion of o:ie pound of the former, well metallic oxydcs deleterious, it is the chemical sd and pulverized, to two p.iunds of the latter action of their oxygen, on the animal fibre. From sedan explosion, with a force equal to f/tree i the very strong affinity between charcoal and oxy- inrfs of gunpowder ; lience, according to him, ' gen, tne former has long been used for restoring rly one third of the expense of powder in blast- several oxyds to the metallic, state. The oxygen rocki may he sa-ed. thus combined with charcoal, is more stronuly at- ■Ihodof !, creasing the effects of gunpowder, and "'f^ ?'>''' '^''" "' ''"^ by .he metal, an"!] this f st flavoured fruit. ng to a certain centre, and commencing in had 41 lbs. of tried tallow— and after which the |ct with unequal forces causes a rotary mo- j quarter weighed 68 lbs. f currents of thenise!ves,round a central space. not f.Trttiking of an equal, or its former lure, naturally becomes rarified by the exist- leat. to such an extent, that it acquires a state jrent degree approximating to that of a vacu- is continued rotary motion of the air forms a of whirlwind, and the pressure of th& e.xter- tmosphere at the base, forcing the water to a bnable height, up the rarified space w ithin, it n carried upwards by tlie mechanical action e wind, in light, and unconnected streaks space at the bottom now becoming void, is llarly replenished by the pressure from with- till the whole spout is perfectly completed. CROSSING THE BREEDS OF VEGETA- BLES. Observing that farmers, who rear cattle im- prove the progeny by means of croisiHg the breed. Knight argued from analogy, that the same im- provement might be introduced into vegetables. — His principal object was to procure new and im- proved varieties of the apple and pear to supply the place of such as had become diseased and un- productive. But as the necessary slowness of all exjieriments of the kind did not keep pace witli the ardor of his desire to obfain information on the subject, he was induced to institute some tentative eAperinients upon the common pea, a phint well he. water having now arrived at the region o/ suited to his purpose both from its quickness of llouds, it is naturally attracted, diff.seJ, and , grouth an 1 from the many varieties in (brni, sii'e ected with, and among them; increasing in : and colour which it afforded. In 1787 a degeue- ity and e.vteiit, till the lower atmosphere be- 'rate sort of pea was growing in his garden, which :ng now lighter than the clouds above, these 1 h was reported and ordered to be printed. A was received from his Excellency Gov. Lii declining to be considered as a candidate tip office of Senator of the United States. The H( agreed to postpone indefinitely the subject oj election of a Senator to Congress. A Mess was received from His Excellency the Cover statini:; his objections to " an act to incorpo the Moiart Association in Salem," which wae ferred to a Committee, and 500 copies ordere be printed. Resolves were passed to providi. the appointment of four Commissioners of Inte Improvemsnts. A bill to authorize the Hamps and Hampden Canal Co. to extend a Canrd f Northampton, to the north lino of the state reported, read and ordered to be printed. A tition for the survey of a Canal Route from Bo; to Blackstdne Canal, and the Connecticut line read and committed. The Messenger of House was directed to procure -300 copies of marks on a rail road from Boston to Con. river, the Editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Boring for Water. — We have neglected for sc time to mention, that a number of gentlemeu this Village had formed themselves into a con)p; for the purpose of boring for Water, on Mr I brow's plan. And we have now the satisfaci to state, that their success thus far has excee. their anticipations. After penetrating the ci' to the depth of 30 feet, they found Mineral ll'u which was surcharged with the carbonic acid c and contained all the mineral properties of > other fountains, and rose freely from four to 1 feet above the surface, discharging at the rate about a gallon per minute. They have pcnetral the eartli to tlie depth of 1/0 feet, and ore ncnv a magnesian calcarious slate rock : and althou they have discontinued operations for the prese >J;I. V .No. ;(i. Jtl ,J— — ^^ *«lilWo the colli M e;„.»gain on tlio o Jv prospect of - lo depth ofbO NKW EN(il.AiM) FAIiMEK 247 the cold weather, they intend to coin- gain on tlio opening of the sprin-;. There prospect of their finding a HaUiu- water, depth of bO feel, it contained '■liO grains othe gallon. (Callstun paper.) TIMBER. ghl time to fell limber for rails, bnildings, icnitural uses, generally is when the sap 11 flow : when the bark ceased to peel he felling should be stopped. )port of this opinion, it is alleged, that the )n is performed at the time Ihal timber will the soonest — becomes harder and firmer, etinence of quick seasoning — the pores, len full of sap, the drying of '.vhieli leaves soinelhing of a gluey kind, having some- benefit of oil paint — being harder and han if felled in the winter; the leorin \s eterred from coinmencing its depredations, s the main cause of the decay of all tim- erciscd may avert a most distressing calamity froiii our villages. Oy^We understand thai vaccine virus may be obtained of the Physicians in this town. (Greenfield, Mass. paper.) The most important contract that con be made, is that which takes place between a sick innn and his Doctor. The subject of it is human life. The breach of this contract by willf 1 ne*ligence,when followed by death, is murder, and it is because our penal laws are imperfect that the punishment of lliat crime is not infiioted upon physicians who are guilty of it. h 1 si' i;!l timber when the bark does not peel is at a time of the year which takes a peiiod to season, iu consequence of which, ; absence of the sap, it never becomes so mi solid : hence the iform, the great des- of timber, commences earlier its opera- ost of the nowly settle J timbered countries, the genera! practice to leave valuable tim- es standing in the fielJs, which were gird- ■ deadened, this operation being performed Itlic bark did not peel, the tree would stand era! years longer than if done when it did ; i;nse arose the opinion that the winter was hi time to fell timber to insure durability. iled when the sap is in full flow, the sudden ge leaves the trunk full of sap, a fermenta- r sourness lakes place, the bark orevents the of the moisture, the wood becomes soft and orm soon commences — not so if the opera- 3 done in the wincer. irge beech tree may be girdled in the montli bruary, and one of the same character in respect in tbe following May — the latter ot two years sooner than the former ; and would be of two trees feKed at the same :1s, and left w ith the bark on ; but if made rails (the bark taken oft") or for other pur- the latter would be much the most du- ( American Paru;er.) !0 York Legislature. — The New York House isembly has rejected the bill for a State Road vote of 48to 64. The Canal Committee of state on Monday, made a report, in which state that the gross income of the canals for ast year was equal to about 6i per cent on vhole cost. The present canal debt is .$7,844, The income of the school fund is insufficient ray the annual appropriations from it by the li of ,S15,0U0, which amount is a charge on the s^-ral funds of the treasury. The estimated ! nue of the State, fa!:s short of the estimated • nary expenses, by the sum of $96,750. 'he Snail Pox. — This disease is now prevail- 10 a considerable e.^tent in different parts of country. Several cases have recently occur- in Manchester, Bolton, Vernon, and Farming- in Connecticut, some of which proved fatal. — ! necessity of vccciaation, the only check to its ages, cannot be too earnestly urged upon the imunity. A little precaution seasonably ex- C. Clark, of Rirhmond, Va. who dreamed out the great prize .$100,000 in the Washington city Lottery some throe or four years ago, for the re- covery of which be instituted a suit against the city, has obtained a judgement in his favour in the Supreme Court of the United States. It is said that this decision will cost that city upwards of 8150,000.— Con. Herald. (^.lattd, and have Ixm i, tliorouglily ri'pairtd wilhin Oirei: yiar;. One liiij^c liuin lias l.o.-ii bail! witliiri that liniK. The Farm is well watered, and in ad.ljtlon lo insu- lar springs, has running throu°:h il a mviT lailing stream, on which is situated a good saw mill. liusides the Mansion House, lluiu is also on the pri mises, Rsmall iarui housf, v.ilb a barn attached toil. Ibis is a Mty e.igilde situalion lor a gL-ntleman fanner, with advanla^'t of natural beauty, (iitilily and site, pxcellfd by few placrs in Xew Kiiglani'. I^ersons wishing to jjiirthase such a place, are invi- ted lo look at this. — I'erms and further particulars may be'known on application to.MrsSUSAN GILCHaiS'V. on the premises, or (o .^. G. WILLI .IMS & CO. Boston. Recent arrivals from Europe, have entirely dis- pelled the " speck of war" that has appeared in the European hori:,on. T!ic decisive measures of the British fiovernmont seem to have produced the desired cdect. IVool. On FRIO.^Y, IGth March, at the East end of the IlaU over the A'tJt' .Market House, under the regulation of the .Veic England Saciehj—wWl be sold at Public Auction, .A large quantity of full niood .Mtrino, Grade and Native Fleece UOOl,. Farmers and olher^, wlio wish to avail themselves ol this favourable opportunity of disposing of their wool, are iuforincd that we are ready to receive it at any I time previous to the 10th March, at which time the I Catalogue will be closed. It will be uaderstood that uo wool can be admitted at this sale except that of American growlh, w'lich is especially exempted from llie Auctiou lax of 1 jier cl Feb. ■:. COOMDCa', I'OOR S; HEAiJ. Auti GARDE Sr A^D FI3SI.D SEEDS. irHOLES.1LE Sf RETAIL. The proprietors of the New England Parmer and the Agricultural lOslablishrnent, No 5"2 North Market street, Boston, have made arrangements for selling Garden, Herb, Flower and Gross Seeds, Bulbous Flower Roots, if. of every description. — They have now on hand from our most eminent Seedinen, as well as from Euro|>e, the most exten- sive assortment of seeds in Boston, all of which they warrant to be fresh and genuine. In addition to th oir list of .Seeds published in the last New England F.irmer, they hu.ve since receiv- ed a supply of E(trli/ seedlhifr Potatoes, Lima Bcins, a great variety of Pe;is, Millet, Herd's .ijrass. Red and White Clover, &c. — Catalogues of which may be obtained gratis at the Farmer office. ^fj^ Country Traders are supplied with good assortments of Seeds at a liberal discount ; and for their accommodation the Seeds are put up in small papers, and distinctly marked. Orders for Fruit Trees received at the Farmer office, and Auricultural Establishment, and prompt- ly attended to. Orchard Grass Seed. (15*°This day received at the N. E. Farmer of- fice. No. 52 North Market Street, one cask of Or- chard Grass seed. Feb. 23. ,\rolice to Gentlemen Farmers. FOR SALE, the verj valuable farm oflhe late James Gilchrist. Esq. situated in Charlestown, N. H. on the lower meadows, so called, of the Connecticut river, and formerly belonged to Col. Asabel Hunt. This Farm consists of 385 acres of Land, of which 70 are meadow, oflhe first quality, »nd in a state of high cultivation ; the remaining 315 are upland, and con- sist chiefly of pasture and woodland ; the whole mak- ing one entire piece. The House is large and commo- dious, well furnished with all needful and convenient out buildings, and in excellent repair. It is beautifully situated, between the great rirerroad and the bank of the Connecticut, on a swell of land rising out of the meadow. The barns are large and numerous, conveniently PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FP-oni TO 1>. C. \l'PLK5,besl, bbl 2 00 2 25 Ayi-IES, pot, 1st sort, - • - Ion. 85 00 87 00 pearl do. . - - - 105 00 117 00 [:'FA>.:S, white, bu.-h I 62 1 87 BEEF, mess, ^00 lbs, new, - bbl. 9 s.'5 9 50 cargo, No 1, new, - - 7 50 8 00 " No 2, new, - - 6 00 C 50 BUTTER, inspect. No, 1. new. lb. 14 10 CHEESE, new milk, - - - - -, 9 skimmed milk, - - 3 6 FLAX FLAX SEED bush 90 1 00 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St hbl. 6 50 6 62 Genesee. - - - 6 37 6 75 Rye, best, - - - CRMN, Rve bush 90 95 Corn - ... 80 85 Barley - - - - none Oats - - . - - 50 52 HOG.S' LARD, 1st sort, new, - lb. ;< 10 HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - 10 15 LIME, cask 85 90 OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern -al. 75 80 PLAISTER PARIS retails at Ion. 2 75 3 (0 PORK, Bone Middlings, new. bbl. Vi 00 13 00 navy, mess, do. 10 75 11 00 Cargo, No 1, do. - - 111 75 II 00 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bush 3 50 Clover .... lb. 12 15 WOOL, MltIuo, fullblood,wabh 3j 50 do do unwashed 25 35 do 3-4 washed 30 35 do 1-2 & i do 25 33 Native - - - do 23 28 Pulled, Lamb's, Ist sort 35 40 2d sort 28 32 do Spinning, Ist sort 30 33 PROV1SIO.H MARKKT. BEEl-', best pieces - - - - Ih. 8 10 PORK, fresh, best pieces. - . 6 8 " whole hogb, - - - 4i 6 VEAL, - ------- C 10 MTTTC:-, 4 8 POULTRY. ...... 10 BUTTER, keg & tub, - 17 2'1 lump, be=t, . . - 2'.' EGGS, none MEAL, Rye, retail, ... - i>usl. 9f 1 0& Indian, do. - . - - Pt 1 (0 POTATOES, - - 46 50 CIDER, liquor, (new) - - ■ bbl. 1 -i'- 2 12 248 NFlW ENGLAND FARMER. Feb. 23, n 2m;xscei.i.akxes. Ffom the Etonian. quested " to send home by these ships a hundred : the pi«Ker, and down again, and make • hes pounds weight of the best tay that you can get." | cliarming at the harp, and she is J^/itsic/iedJf The use and value of tea in England at a very ear- j form her that Tamerlane succeeded Charle^ ^ as the Emperor of China, and that Julius Ca;* A] ly period after its introduction, appears from a bill j as the Emperor of China, and that Julius Caiali A] If ever man died of love, it xvas Edward Morton. I of Thomas Garaway, in the Exchange-alley, Lon- '■ feated Cromwell on the banks of the Macqi; The lady to whom he became early attached was don, in which, after enumerating the q\ialites and ' river in Nova Zembla, and she is completeljT) married to another. Morton was present at the beneficial effects of tea, he concludes in these ' iorificd. Tell her that Chimborazo is a gre| marriage, and wag tiever seen to smile afterwards, words ; — "And to the end that all persons of emi- j lake in Siberia, and that the Po is a burningii The lady, it is said, was unhappy in her union and nence and quality, gentlemen and others who have ; tain in Arabia Felix, and let her give a did not survive it many months. Morton died at i occasion for tea in leaf, may be supplied — These ] two on the globe, and point out the longitude Corfu. A portrait of the lady was found in his i are lo give notice, that the said Thomas Garaway , Arctic Circle and the latitude of the Equat possession, wrapped up in the following lines : I saw thee wediled, Ihou didst go Within the sacred aisle. Thy yoang cheek in a blushing glow. Betwixt a tear and smile. Thy heart was glad in maiden glee, But he, it loved so fervently, Was faithless all the while ; I hate him for the vow he spoke — 1 hate him for the vow he broke. I hid the love that could not die, Its doubts, and hopes, and fears. And buried all my misery In secresy and tears ; And days passed on, and thou didst prove The pang of unreL|Uited love. E'en in thy early years ; And thou didst die so fair and good ! In silence and in solitude 1 While thdu wert living I did hide Affection's secret pains ; I'd not have shocked thy modest pride For all the world contains ; But thou hast perished, and the fire, That often checked, could ne'er e.\pire, .4gain unhidden reigns : It is no crime to speak my vow. For ah ! thou canst not hear it now. Thou slecps't beneath Ihy lowly stone That dark and dreamless sltep ; tnd he, thy loved and chosen one, Why goes he not to wetp.' He does not kneel where I have knelt. He cannot feel what I have felt. The anguish still and deep ; The painful thoughts of what has been The canker-worm that is not seen I But I — as o'er the dark blue wave, Unconsciously I ride. My thoughts are hovering o'er thy grave, My soul is by thy side, There is one voice that wails thee yet. One heart that cannot e'er forget The visions that have died ; And aye thy form is buried there V doubt — an anguish — a despair ! hath tea to sell, from 16 to 50 shillings the pound." , she is Gcographicd. Make her waltz for threi in the week with a French valet out of plai From the Palladium. she is Altiludinixtd. The other accompli; — ; may be obtained for money, without any e; The Florida Surveyors speak discouragingly of j on her part. So much for " heddication." i a Ship Canal across the Country, except at St. Jo- 1 rLondon Sunday Tiiil''' seph's or Tampe Day. ' f?A^ N1- H I N i^E^ FiU S The Citizens of Hudson, N. Y. have purchased two| Turnpike Roads and a Bridge, connected 1 with that place, and made them free. , The entire new mode of pressure which the mu I 1 . r»T 1 11 I. e -y v.-n ''■'"^'^ qualities of this instrument obtai The Legislature of Maryland has before it a bill pUcation to the disease of Hernia or Rupture, a; to establish an Inspection of Poplar Boards, wbic h consequent well known frequent cures accomi provides for three qualities. by its use, even on the most aged sufferers, (ngitht . . the saf. ty, ease and comfort, with which" A gentleman who has taken considerable pains has, to the highest gratification of ihe in to ascertain the quantity of Snow which has fallen mred the encomiums of the most scientifH this winter, states the whole depth to be sixty-one men of our own country, ^s well las its acknow inches. I Greenfield paper.] superority by Pir Astley Cooper, of London. A* ■- patentee may further add, that Trusses of his inW a The Greenfield paper asks if it is not the duty are now manufactured and sold iu London, i of Snrveyors of Highways, to see that snow is American Truss. This, it is conceived he may- levelled, and the roads kept in as good repair as ^^" J"^' source of national and professional gn possible in winter? From Ihe experiments which the patentee has for two years past, on ajfd persons for the c rupture, he is authorized to announce to the the gratifying result, (hat almost every persot has strictly followed his instructions relative to casional increase of presure, with auxiliary mean uniformly experienced a partial closing of the I within a few weeks, and what is still more plea add is that its efficacy has been fully and strlkin: monstrated in accomplishing perfect cures on ] at the advanced age of from 60 lo 75 years, amli sally on youth. The following are a few of the cures effected above Truss. . . . , , Isaac Bull, Hartford, aged 82 years ; cured i take up all destitute children begging in the than one year, Aug. 6 1824 streets, and bind them out as apprentices ; and they have more applications for such children as 8 months. July l.'!24. apprentices than they can supply. i ,^'', Br^tol, Onedia, aged 65, cured in two ^^ J' i-i- J I after havuig been ruptured 30 years. An American Gentleman, who has just published j Deacon Benjamin Maltby, Conn, aged 65 ct his Tour through Europe, says — " All the sublime Uix month A Mr Wadsworth, an Englisfl woollen inanufac- { turer, has established a factory at Poughkeepsie ; from which specimens of Broad Cloth, equal to any imported, have recently been produced. In the indulgence of any unfavourable feelings towards this country, on account of our Manufac- • uring Establishments, the British should consider ; that they were, perhaps, introduced by English- , men, and many Englishmen are probably now con- cerned in them. } The authorities in Baltimore are authorii-.ed to : Thomas Hath, Carpenter, New York, cured in compositions of Haydn, Mozart, Weber and Rossi- Use of Tea. — Bitero, an eminent Italian writer, ! ni. never touched my heart like Yankee Doodle." is the first European author who mentions the ex- 1 istence and use of /ea ; "The Chinese," says he, j Recipe for finishing a yoxing lady. — Take a • have an herb, out of which they press a delicate juice, which serves them for drink instead of wine; it also preserves their health, and frees them froiiv all those evils which the immoderate use of wine produces. In the year 1000, the Dutch introduc- ed it into Europe, who exchanged it with tlie Chinese for dried sage, at the rate of four pounds of tea for one pound of sage. When it could not be procured in exchange, it was purchased at daughter of a cheese-monger, a tallow chandler, or any other tradesman, who has some money but not much information, and if she be an only child, so much the better for your purpose. — Stuff her with plum cake, and praise her till she be nine, then teach her the horn book, and let her practice for three or four years at such reading as may be selected for her by Mary, the maid of all work — the said Mary taking especial care that Miss is her or lOd. per pound, and sold at Pans for 311, and 1 <^°"fi''^n' '" ^1' her little matters in the sweet- sometimes 10(J li\ros. An act of parliament, pas- 'learting Hue. When she enters her thirteenth ifo'^n'^hose who apply them, sed in 10t30,iOTposed a duty of eight pence on each 'year, send her to Miss DiddlefidgBt's " Establish ' ^ " Dr. Nash, Fairfield, (Conn.) aged 40, rujiturei his infancy up, cured in 12 months. T. Smith, Deerfield, aged 78, cured in less years. William M. Cheevcr, Whitesboro,' aged 40, in 10 months. Josepe House, Westminister (U. C.) aged 45, in less thau one year, after being ruptured 25 ye: Hon. Matthew McXair, Oswego, aged more tl cured in one year. "It is now more than one since I discoiitini?ed the use of it J''ly 26, 1B24. In the application of (his instrument in di cases of the disease, a difference of adaptation cessary, in respect to form, size and pn ssure an > neglect of these indispensable requisitions is th \ cause of its failure, where auy means of (he kii ' practicable ; a careful observance of which is ' EBF.NEZFR \MGHT, ^ipolheai gallon of the liquor made from tea or cofi'ee, and mcnt," to he finished. Here she must read a little, Milk-street opposite Federal street, has just rccer officers attended twice a d,-iy to take an account and spell some ; but avoid every thi.ig like gram- large assortment of the above Trusses. { of the quantity made. Tlie first order of the East India Compaay to their agents for the importation af tea was in the year 1017, wlien they were re- mar as a vulgarity and a plague. Put her un to Lv^^,!, , .• , j i^-.,„ ... tv,„„„ii i;., „, i o J i" c . Uji^^r^rublisrhed every l^idav at three Uoliars pc ) " ipooly-ti'oo parky woo play tail,' and she isLun,^ payable at the end of the year— but thosi I Frenched. Strum her up six octaves and a half of pay within sixty days from the time of subscribin i ejtitlcd to a deduction of Fifty Cents NEW ENGLAND FARMER. rublishod by John B. Kussp.i.i. at iNo. J,; iNorlli Market «truot, (opposite l'',timoil tlaUj.-^TuoMAS U. PusaEHDn^, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 2, 1827. No. :32. RIGINAL PAPERS. f E EDITOR OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. CULTURE OF SILK. In the course of tlie last year, I received ular* from tlie Secretary of the Treasury of nitcd States, issued in compliance with a lion of Congress, requesting such infortna- s might be obtained upon the subject of the hand manufacture ot Silk, the management Silk Worm, and the cultivation of tlie Mtil- Trec, as its appropriate food. Having pre- ly known that in several towns of the county orcestet attempts hud been made to prosecute iranch of domestic economy, I immediately uted the inquiries suggested in the Sccreta- etter. Tne r ' dt produced the most satis- ry conviction upon my own mind, that the of silk might be pursued with gieat ad- ige in most parts of this Commonwealth. 1 it ti'.-.t no particular skill, and but ordinary at- nJ care are requisite to the successful raent of the uorm. The white mulberry tree, foliage of which is the best, if not the pecu- bod of the insect, is of easy culture in a warm deep mould, in almost any exposure. The nhich is favourable to the apple is equally so le mulberry. My personal experience has vn, that it is rather prone to too great luxuri- 3 for its strength, tlian slow to vegetate. It is lily raised from the seed, and I am told, altho' lis I have no practical observation, that it»fey iropagatcd by slips i>r cuttings. It has often rr€d, as matter of interesting consideration, the condition of our Poor House Establish- its in the country, especially those connected h farms, might be much improved by introduc- the culture of silk. The feeble and decrepicl j!d thus be enabled to con'ribiite something to rds their support, in the gathering of the leaves 1 the feeding of the worms, which roquirc little re ihan the strength and faculties of a child ; ile the more vigorous might well bo spared, suf- ently from other occupations, to plant and dress ; trees. The Worcester Agricultural Society, for many ars, ofi'ered premiums for specimens of sewing k, the product of the County, which we-e uni- mly exhibited, and the bounty paid. Several nilies in the town of Dudley, and n few, in oth- towns.are still paitially engaged in this employ !Bt. The late Rev Mr Holcomb of Sterling, for- x minister of that place, who had particn!:irly tended to this business, spoke to me, with great nfidence, of its profitable result,'). I had not however designed this imperfect de- il of per jonal observations. In the course of my tention to the subject of the Secretary's letter, I >rtunately applied to a friend and former profes- onal pupil, from whom I subsequently received a lost instructive and interesting commuiiiration. he original was forwarded to VVashington, but aving preserved a copy, I trust I shall render to ou and to the public no unacceptable service, in See New England Farmer, vol. v. page C>9. offering it to your disposal, whicli was my only object in hastily addressing you on this occasion. The finures prefixed to the paragraplis refer to the dctinite questions proposed in the circular They are so well explained by the answers, as to render their recital unnecessary. With high esteem for you valuable labors. Your oberlient servant, Boston, Feb. 97, 1897. LEVI LINC(;LN. ■htswer to inquhies respecting the culture of tlic Mulberry Tree, and the Growth and Manufa ture of Silk. Transmitted by George A. Tcfts, Escj. of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, to Governor Lincoln of Massachusetts, in compli- ance with the request of the latter. 1 & 9. The white mulberry tree vras introduced into Dudley more than 40 years since. The seed of the tree was obtained from Mansfield in the State of Connecticut, apd planted. Silk was first made in Dudley in 1798, by one Capt. John Eddy, who obtained the worm also from Mansfielu. No varieties of the worm are known in this part of the state. 3. No kind or species of the mulberry is indig- enous in Massachusetts ; but the cultivated tree, — particularly the white, — grows luxuriantly in this vicinity. A deep mellow and rich loam suits the tree best. In this respect however the mul- berry tree is not peculiar, as soil of this character seems most congenial to almost all our cultivated trees. 4. The e.\periinent of fQediiig the worm upon the Red or Black raulbeiryhas never been made here. Although the Black mulberry is the fa- vourite tree, and much to be preferred to the white in some parts of France, yet it is here be- lieved and boldly asserted thiit the worm will make no silk wlien fed upon the black mulberry, which is common to this part of the rountry. Whother this belief is founded on error or v\ hether our black mulberry tree diffei's from that of France and Italy I know not. The following fact related to me by one of my neighbours who is engaged in the business of weaving, silk, may be relied lipon as true. Ke says that being short on one occasion, of the white mulberry leaves, about the time the worms were preparing to wind, a quantity of the black mulber- ry leaves were given. The worms fed readily ';r)on them, but immediately nauseated and per- ornied their task of winding very imperfectly. — This effect upon the worms might arise from no other causD than a change of diet. The Currant leaf and Briar has been used as a succedaneum in cases of nr'cessity. The worm feeds and grows upon these leaves, but w-ill not make silk from them. They are resorted to as a temporary expe- dient only, in the early part of the season, when the mulberry is not sufficiently matured. 5. The method of cultivating the mulberry in this neichborhood is by standard trees. The tree is propagated from the seed and cannot be grown from the slip without difficulty. The seeds are sown in beds and in rows, two feet apart, in the same manner apple seeds are sown, where thov are cultivated until they are fit for transportation, a period of two or three years. It is no nncom- 1 mon thing for tin; plants during the first wintei to be cut down by the frost ; but tlioy .shoot un again and grow with fresh vigour in the tbilovving spring. The tree will ordinarily furnish food for the worm in about four or five years. They may be strip- ped for that purpose ns soon as the second year if the m!iin branch or upriglit stem be loft untouch- ed. The trees should be pruned and cultivated with as much care as a skilful orchardist would bestow upon his choicest apple trees. I am in- formed that the quantity and quality of the silk de- pend very much upon the perfection of the leaf. The mulberry trees have been soM from the nursery at from three to four dollars per hundred. It is thought that Kit) standard trees may be plant- ed and grown upon an acre of ground with advan- tage. The experiment of cultivating the mulber- ry in the form of a shrub or bush has never been attempted here, but it is thought to be an injudi- cious mode of cultivation. One would suppose in- deed, that the perfection of the plant and conse- ([uently of the loaf, would bo more likely to be ob- tained in the form of a tree, than in the form of .a shrub or bush. G. It is estimated that an acre of standard trees of moderate growth will make 40 pounds of silk. Three thousand ivorms are supposed to make a pound. The silk loorm however is not numbered or sold by tale, but by measure. The dimensions or circumference of a silver dollar is supposed to contain 1000 eggs as the same are closely deposit- ed by the miller on the paper. 7. & 1.5. In the selection of cocoons for seed a proportion cf rnules as well as females is necessa- ry. A mucli less number of males, however, is ne- cessary, than females. The male cocoon is distin- guished from the female by its shape or form. — The male is more sharp or pointed at the ends than the female. The cocoons thus selected for seed should be those that arc most perfectly wound, which may be discovered by pressing the ends with the finger. If the cocoon is perfectly and uniformly wound, the ends will be hard «nd of equal thickness with the sides. The cocoons thus chosen are hung up in a room and suspended from the ceiling by a thread to prevent vermin or insects of any kind from disturbing them. In a few days the chrysalis is changed to the miller, whose first appearance is almost invariably about sunrise and upon the outside of the cocoon. The millers are taken from off the cocoons and placed upon paper, when the male and female have access. The fe- males during the first day commence dropping their eggs. They continue to deposit their eggs from three to five days and then expire. The eggs adhere to the paper and the paper being folded is put into a close box to secure the eggs from the rats, mice, Sfc. and placed in the cellar. In the succeeding summer as soon as the bud of the mul- berry tree begins to unfold, the eggs are brought up from the cellar and placed in an upper room to hatch. The usual temperature of the season is generally sufficient for that purpose. Should the weather be cold and unpropitious, a fire may be made in their apartment. The eggs always hatch in the morning. As soon as theWrnt appears, food should be furnished. It is not usual to remove the worm from the house to their intended place of 250 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. March 2, ISSM '* work until they have cast off their first skin, which is in about one week. At the expiration of the first week, they are removed into a room or apart- ment fitted up for their labors. This room should be as dark as a common sitting room vvilli all the outer blinds closed or windows curtained. The worm always avoids the direct rays of light. The temperature of the apartment should always be kept at about summer heat. In case of unusual cold the worms will appear torpid, and seem to make no progress in their labours. The "worms are fed upon tnhks and shelves. These tables or shelves are phced one above another, at a distance convenient for feeding. Thoy are from two to three feet wide and may be of any length, having ledges on their sides to prevent the worms from falling down. Care should be taken to keep the tables or shelves clean. It ia usual however to change their bed twice or thrice only, while the worms are small. The worm is supposed to suffer an inconvenience from being disturbed toward the close of their labors. Yet the practice of somo is to change their bed even in their last week. The tables or shelves should have no communication with the sides of the room or apartment where they are placed, and to prevent pismires or ants from ascending the legs of the tables or shelves, tar must be applied. In about four weeks from the time the worms are hatched thoy begin to wind. — They begin to leave their food and may he seen seeking a refuge for that purpose. Twigs or branches of trees with tUe leaves on must then be prepared. The chcsnut or white oak twig is used for the worm to form its cocoon upon. Some pre- fer the one, some the other. The leaf of the ches- nut will roll with greater facility but is more like- ly to break and crumble than the white oak. — These tv.-igs or branches are usually placed at the sides of the tables or shelves and bent over the same, and brought so near the worm as to make it perfectly easy and convenient for the worm to as- cend. Tlie twigs may also be suspended from above for that purpose. The mode here practised of obtaining the silk from the cocoons is to put in aboat one quart of the cocoons into a vessel of boiling hot water. — (The water is not suffered to boil after the co- coons are put in.) A broom corn brush, the ends of which are cut square is dipped into the vessel to catch up the ends of the silk. By this means a number of small filsynents are gathered which to- gether make a thread, and this thread is wound on to a common Reel. The expense of attending upon the worms is not great, if the trees are con- veniently situated. An active child of 15 years of age is sufficient to attend upon t!0,000 worms till within ten days of the time of winding. For the last ten days two such children may take care of them the first five days, and four the five last days. A few years since, one woman in this vicinity took care of 110,000 and did her day's work, every day, at spinning flax. 9. The experiment of raising silk in the open air was never attempted here. It cannot possibly be done however. The exposure of the worm to the open nil", to direct rays of the sun or to showers of rain would be fatal, besides almost all birds prey upon the insect. 10. Two crops of silk may be raised in every part of New England in one year. The second crop will be inferior in every respect to the firat and it must be an injury to the trees. 11. Thunder seems to affect the worm in no oth- er way except it be so hard and heavy as to jar them, in whieh case, if it happens at the time of winding, the worm is apt to break its thread and its labor is lost. Cats, rats, mice, and all fowls prey upon the worm. Pismires and red ants are their particular enemies, one of which will destroy hundreds of them in a short time. I'-i & 13. The quantity of silk made in any one year in this town has never exceeded 20 pounds. It has generally been manufactured into sewing silk, and has always found a ready market in the immediate neighborhood. Most of the silk thus manufactured has been of equal quality, at least, with that imported. All the varieties of colours are obtained without the least difficulty. 16. Greater efforts were made to raise silk dur- ing our late war than are now made. The price which the silk then commanded uiLide it more of an iibjeet. It is however still persevered in here, to a limited extent. To Ills Excellency Gov. Lincoln. RECLAIMED MARSHES. .Vo. ///. Mr Pesshnden — The object aimed at in discus sing the subject of diking salt marshes, has been to show how far experience has been against it in this part of the country ; and that from the nature and productiveness of our marshes, a change would be unadvisable. Nothing is more remote from the purpose of the writer, than to disallow the great and important utility of diking, in many cases. This has been long and well established. But true judgment con- sists in its right application. Thus when banks are thrown up on the sea-coast or at the mouths of rivers, and are so much under water as to bear very little and worthless grass — or where a coarse rank !;rowtii is produced, like tliat on the Jersey and Pennsylvania rivers, the project is worthy of all praise. In such cases the mind is not left to balance between what is lost and what gained — for little is put at hazard. Well tri- ed experience has established the fact, that in proper situations, and at a reasonable expense in the construction of the dike, the proprietor may bo sure of a fruitful field for grazing, or for culture, in lieu of unapproachable weeds and waterbushes. So also with the diking of the salt marshes in Nova Scotia — It has doubtless been attended with great advantage there, and is most earnestly re- commended by a writer, to whom agriculture is much indebted, under the signature of Agricola.* But it is proposed to show from the authority of this very ingenious writer that ho^vevcr strong the inducement, and whatever the success of diking may have been in that province, there is yet noth- ing in the nature and condition of their marshes, as described by Agricola, which would so apply witli us as to induce a like practice here. First, Agricola describes the salt marshes of No- va Scotia as " with the tide covering and leaving them alternately, and as land originally gained from the sea." The effect of this, where the tide rises over 40 feet, as in that province, in prevent- ing the operation of the sun and air to sweeten the vegetable product for so much longer a time than with our marshes, which are seldom covered, and for a short time only, goes very far in the con- sideration of this subject. ttil * John Young, Esq. Secretary of the Provincial Agricultural Society. Secondlif, this writer says that in " in their ral state they are of little value, producing on! very coarse herbage." How dissimilar fiom are they in this particular. Our salt marshes duce, it is thought, generally as much, or than a good acre of average upland, say abol ton, and many of them more ; whilst the cot growth on the creeks and low places ia of grei product, and partak.ng more of saline matte! carried into the interior for that reason, to seal their coarse fresh hay. Thirdly, they are described by Agricola j formed by the action of the currents and the j ceasing motion of the tides, suspending or rol: forward in their waters, soluble and insoluble i ter, agitating and disturbing the slimy mass, j diffusing it on all sides to the enrichment of! soil." They are also spoken of " as of great' unfathomable depth, far beyond the purpose! cultivation, as abounding in clay and rich fat i^ of tenacious and binding materials, forming, wh diked, the richest and most valuable soil — as pr manently productive and with t!ic materials happily mixed that any attempt to modify thu would be injudicious and as likely to issue in i\ terioration as in an improvement of them." Our salt marshes on the contrary are wiiolly the vegetable strata, loose and spongy in thi texture. O^this description of soil Agricola si* they have in instance in one county only " whe the marshes are of a light spongy nature, and cOi not hold comparison with tliose in other parts the province." Our marslios too when reclai, ed are wanting in tenacity and other particoli which form a perfect soil. Decomposed venctabl though the product of a rich soil, do not of v.ece sity again resolve themselves into such ; but b come a new material for the ingenious applicati of the agriculturist in the correction and foriualii of an improved soil. But it would be needless go far in comparison where the circumstances obviously differ in almost every particular. The proposition in Nova Scotia is to pxchan; a useless mud bank, or " coarse herbage of litt value" by a judicious system of diking, confirmi there by the test of long experience, as high beneficial, for a soil so judiciously mixed that ai attempt to modify it would be injudicious, at which Agricola pronounces perfect. With us it to be considered whether against experience, oi under circumstances totally different in principl the culture of the immense tracts of salt mars shall be changed, and whether we shall reject tli tribute derived from the sea, and thus forfeit great and incalculable product. It has been sai that distance and other inconveniences make th marshes of little value. How will this be, whe our labour, our culture and manure are there af plied ? When instead of full barns and yards w- take from our uplands to make up for what W' have refused to receive from the oversprcadin) tides. There are some observations of Agricola on th absolute necessity of recruiting even these dikei lands, and of the benefit which the sea affords ti marshes — for which I may hereafter crave room I remain, yours with esteem, Boston, Feb. 28, 1820. JOHN WELLES Erratum — In No. II. on Reclaimed Marshes i page 218, 3d column, line 25, for " 4 aeres," rea» "40 acres." 1 lol. v.— No. "^'2. Ni:W KNGLAfSID FAKMEU. 251 ^lieiiif MARSMICS. Fesse.vdex, — I read in your paper of the 1st. a coniiiiunication IVoiii tlie lion. Juii.n LKs, from wliicli I learn t'roin snch int'orina- 3 ho has been able to obtain, "tlie unil'orm re- al'diking out the sea from salt marshes has decisively disadvantageous." Believing "ol'ji ,er investigation of this subject may lead to * mt usefi.l knowledge, by which those who ui' ed to inalce the experiment may be able with certainty to calculate upon the result, either the situation of the marshes, or from other es, is my inducement to communicate to you esult of several e.\pcriments in this town, early as l/^Jl', the proprietors of Flits and Marshes in the Little IJarbor of Cohasset, as ted tor the purpose of diking out the sea the marshes, and to regulate the flowing of ower flats for t!ce purpose of producing sedge louch grass. The dam or dike was built, but some accident or neglect was suflered to do- In 179'3 the proprietors rebuilt the dam and Ipletely succeeded in converting the meadows ler those inducements which were for ...Tly so of le.iMrkably sAoet juice, couM be pressed from strong lor its culture. In quality it is surpassed a single joint, near Uic bottom of the plant; this by other sorts. It was uncertain rJ,') years ayo as solves the inquiry respecting tiie object of the to Its origin, though generally said to be from flies, and perhaps may lead to results of greater .South America. Ol course I fear your correspond- importance. ent's question will not be satisfactorily answered ' Cullings from two or three of the lower joint* in this particular. The nc.\t question your cor- were saved, for the purpose of having them com- respondent asks is " as to a composition of lime, plelely pressed ; but this, on account of their ripe sugar, &c. us a substitute for oil painting on state, their hard cane-like .'ibres, and mv want of liouses. There was what was thought a very useful dis- proper moans, was found to be a diflicult task (This delayed, for a few day.s, the completion of covcry made by a French Chemist communicated the experiment, and during this period, it was to a literary society,which was tr:inslated, abridg- found, that the juice in the°plant, had uuder^one ed and circulated in this country. Tlie materia were sugar, rozin, oil, lime and skim miik. Th the acetous and putrefactive fermentation, which prevents the ascertaining thf quantity and qnali- Prench writer spoke highly of it from /.{.» e j:;)m- j ty of the sugar, by evaporation and crystalli^a ence. In Connecticut particularly and here also it j tion, as had been determined. was considerably used. As the chemist gave the j Considering that sugar is an article in increas- niatcrials there could be no mistake but from dif- jing demand, that the daily improvements making ference of climate. It very little if at all exceeded j in the old branches of agriculture, are reducing commo7i u'hile wash, and cannot be recoinmended the profits of the farmer to minimum, and that su- *l ar, in smaller or larger quantities is found in many vegetables; would it not be wise ii our ag- for use There is however a combination of materials d lUt 101) acres) into English grass which from Icorered by Mr Hall of Boston for which he is a- I liculturis'ts, throughout the union, to make expefi time to the present, lia« yielded a more cer- bout to procure a patent. To this, probably, your j ments upon the cultivation of sugar. The quanti ■ ' ' ' "'--'■ correspondent alludes, and herein we hope a bet- ' ... ter result. Yours, W. Dorchester, Feb. 2), 1837. crop than almost any other land. None of Imeadows extend further than 30 rods from the lud and abound with fresh water springs. — bre is also another body of meadows, near the pent harbor of Co!ias.«ct, from which the sea diked and with equal success, about the same These meadows naturally yielded red and top with a variety of other grasses. More sntly a mill pond lying between Cohasset and |11 has been diked, and with the same success, standing grass upon which the last year,when luplands it generally failed in consequence of the lught. sold for upwards of ;j50(.i. These are the Jy experiments known in this neighborhood, Im which it is thought we may fairly infer, that " some situations salt marshes may be diked to pantage. I would remark howevtr, that in one •tance an attempt was qiade to improve a piece these meadows by ploughing which did not suc- '•d. Yours, D. Cohasset, Feb. ].=>, Ifc27. LA PLATA POTATOES. Mr Fesse.ndem, — I have seen no answer to ur correspondent M. in your pa[)er of l~th Jan- ry last. I should be as well pleased as he, or u could he, to know the origin of what is now ■lied the La Plata Potato. But such has been Mr Fessenden — Should you think the follow- ing extract from the " I'ranklin Journal" worthy the notice of your readers, you will gratify one at least of your subscribers, by giving it place in your useful paper. A FARMER. }yest Boylslon, Feb. 24, 1827. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SUGAR, AS AN APPPNDAGE TO COMMON FARMING. It is a general, but probably an incorrect opin- ion, that the sugar cane, saccharum ojjlcinarum. and a tropical climate, are our whole dependence, for an abundant supply of sugar. It is t'ue that sunshine and heat, are essential to the production of vegetable oils, salts, resins, &c. but it is equally qua ty contained in broom corn, convinces me tliat this plant is of sufiicient consequence to command their attention, and to procure for it a general and careful trial. The thing i.s deserving of experi- ment, at the north as well as at the south. The plant grows in every state in the union. It is probable that the advantage will be with those who have most heat and sunshine, provided the people are equ.-illy industrious, and have this in. dustry under tlieir guidance of equal skill and in- telligence ; for, in all comparisons of this kind there must be taken into the calculation, as in many instances, they have power, to more than compensate for some deficiency in natural advan- tages. EXTRAORDINARY RISE OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA. In April 179.3, a violent wind heaped up the im- mense ujass of waters of this river to a distance of true, that all these are produced throughoiit the j ten leages, so that the whole country was sub- whole temperate zone ; and would it not be arro- i mersed, and the bed of the river remained dry gant to say, that every discovery an'J improvement {in such a manner that it might be walked over of which agriculture is susceptible, has been al-i with dry feel. The vessels which had foundered ready made ? Agriculture, like all other ar^», when ' ""d sunk were all exposed again, and there was united to the scie 'res, will give resMJt,-- of which we, at present, cannot form any conjecture ; and, I am convinced that the time w ill come, when su- apse of time since its introduction that I fear | par will be obtained from plan's not at present cul- dditional knowledge can be had, however fer- j tivated for that purpose, and eapalde of being rais- My ex]jerience ^d throughout an extent of country, not now sup- ntly w e may wish otherwise s been as follows : — about '^5 years ago, I Id that some one not far off hid a potato called e Long Bed which pro.luced wondeifidly. I nt and procured some of the seed. When the le crop was gathered, the product was truly as- mishing. They were large and linked together [i such irregular &nd various forms, that most of lie letters of thr; .alphabet might have been select- d with tolersbie precision. When offered at the able they were found so v/atery that it was soon iniversally admitted that they were fit for cattle nd swine only. After a fery years these began to decrease in umiher and siz-^, and it was then said that the po. ato had improved, and in the spring one end of it pas mealy and fit for the table. Certain it is that he great superiority of the crop has failed to of- as posed possible. These observations were sucge^ted by the fol- lowing circumstance : late last fall, there had been some sharp frosty nights, succee^ied by hot sunshiny days ; on one of these, I noticed a vast number of flies, of various kinds, swarming about some bundles of broom corn, holcus sorghum, that had been recently cut down ; it was evident that they were allured by something in which they were much interested. I at first imagined that found among others, an English vessel which had perished in 17()2. Many people descended into this bed, visited and spoiled the vessels thus laid dry, and returned with their pockets filled with silver and other precious articles which had been buried more than thirty years in the deep. This phenomenon lasted three days, at the expiration of which the wind abated, and tlie waters returned with fury into their natural bed. [Lon. Mec. Ma^.l Berkshire High School — The public will be gratified to henr that a school of this character is in a state of forwardness in Pittsfield, Mass. and will be opened on the first day of June next. The large and beautiful ground, containing 20 acres, lately occupied as a Cantonment by the U- ,L „ , , 1 k u a- 1 J I *i . IT L J "''^o -States, and sufficiently removed from the the heat and shelter, afforded by the stalks, had ; .,, . u ■ , c , ' . - , , ., . .... • .• village, has been purchased of the government for brought them together ; but upon examination, no 1, ■ , ■ , . , , ,, ^, ., J ^ e .1 ,./, ; this purpose, and very expensive brick buildinffs remarkable degree of warmth was perceplib e : i ,■ \u « v.- , , r. t. ^ '^ ■' t_ • ,! are erecting thereon. A distinguished Professor heat and shelter therefore could not be their oh ject ; food next occurred as the subject of their at- tention, and upon carefully examining the stems, I found that on twisting thera hard, a table spoonful iguished Professor j of one of our Colleges has been engaged to con- j duct the school as Principal, and the ablest and best qualified assistants in nil the requisite branch- es of education will also be employed. 25^ NEW ENGLAND FAllMEil. Marcli 2, i8:i7ii THE FARMING INTEREST. Extract from tlie speech of Mr Pearco, of R. I. in the House of Rcpfesentatives, on the bill for the protection of the Woollen Manufactures. What class of the community deserves the pro- tection and encouragement of the Government more than the farmers .' I would not give my vote to aid an interest that would injure this. It has been truly said, they never petition nor com- plain, but are patient and quiet under their suffer- ings, in the worst of times. Our own observa- tions, as well as the history of our country, show this. During our restrictive system, our embar- goes, our non-importntion acts, and our war, none suffered more, and none complained less. They were nor. for rebellion bfcause their interests were affected, nor did they array themselves in opposition to the constituted authorities, nor un- furl the banner of opposition. On this class of the community the primeval curse still remains ; the farmer has still to delve the earth, and to work, and labor, and live by the sweat of his brow ; the earth is still taxed for a great share of our suste- nance, and cannot be cultivated by steam-power, water-power, or any of the labor-saving machines which modern inventions have introduced : under the most favorable circtimstance.s iiis profits are small, and never sure or certain. The agricultur- ists are never forgotten when the exirjsnces of the country require the aid of its citizens ; their lands are pledged, fur the nation's debt ; and, whenever the tax gatherer, or the tax assessor calls, their estates cannot bo hidden, or their prop- erty placed under a bushel. The farmer, by his labor, sustains nearly all, and his property is liable to pay all. Sir, if this interest is modest and unassuming, shall we negle.^ it? I trust not. For the last five years, no intere.-?t lias suffered so much as that of the farmer. Where grain has been, and still is, the staple; where large flocks of sheep are rais- ed, the wool-growers have incurred heavy expen- ses in improving their flocks ; and I can very v. ell recollect when a merino buck sold for $1,000, I can very well recollect the time when wool was sold at from $1 to $2 per pound, according to quality ; when, by tiie quantity, the sales were quick at -SI and at 75 cents. But, sir, how stands the case now ? Sheep of the choicest kind are sold at $3 to .f 4 ; and flocks at ,f 1 or $2 per head; wool from 20 to 35 cents per pound. What inter- est has suffered so mucli, according to this state- ment, (and I vouch for the correctness of it.) as the wool-growers ? And what interest has better claims on the Government for aid and protection .' And what protection can be given but a home market. The calamities and suflferings to which I have referred are not confined to''the Eastern States. The grain-growing States of New York, Pennsylvania, and other States, have their full share. But a few years ago, flour was 10 and $ 15 per barrel, wheat $2 per bushel. What is now their condition, notwithstanding the high price of labor ? Why, sir, \vheat at .50 cents per bushel, and flour at three and four dollars per barrel, and the same falling oflT in other articles. How can it be said that, in creating a home market for these articles we are taxing the interests of the poor, the interests of those who raise thein ? Sir, I am in favour of this bill : Fir.st, because I admire, and' consider myself in duty bound to encourage and protect the enterprise and exertions of the^wool- ten manufacturers ; and I know ths industry and enterprise of those I represent. But, sir, I am more in favour of the bill because it protects or is calculated to protect and sustain, the cultivators f of our soil, the interest of those with whom I be- came connected by the earliest associations — in- terests which, I trust, I shall never forget, and which I hope I shall never neglect. From the Hampshire Gazette. SALT. The duty on imported salt is 20 cents per 56 pounds, which will amount to near 30 cents per i bushel on Turk's Island salt. The importation in I 1826 was about four millions of bushels, and the | rrevenue $800,000. The average net revenue for | 10 years has been about 050,000 dollars a year. — ] I The greatest part of this tax falls upon the farm- j ers. As the cost of salt abroad is not over 10 or 12 cents per bushel, the duty ranges from 180 to . 300 per cent — a much higher duty than the great- i est luxuries pay. I A bill for reducing the duty on salt to 10 cents , per 56 pounds passed the Senate of the U. S. Feb. ; 2, by a vote of 22 to 20. The bill was opposed on ; the grounds that it would reduce the receipts into the treasury, and operate injuriously on the do- mestic manufacture of tlie article. It was stated that tlie manufactories of salt on the coast of Mas- ; sachusetts were valued at two .millions of dollars, i employed 1000 persons, and produced annually : 600,000 bushels, worth from .3:3 to 37 cents perl bushel. It was estimated that the New York salt' springs yielded annually about 1,000,000 bushels ; those of Virginia as much more ; and other parts of the United States 2,000,000 ; making in all , from four to five millions of domestic production. I A LYNX. About two weeks since, Mr Zenas Sikes, of Westhampton, had 14 geese destroyed in one night. Traps were set near the carcases, and the depredator, a large lynx, was caught. We notice this animal for the purpose of cor- recting a very common error. The lynx is called the ivild cnt in almost all parts of New England, but these animals belong to different species, and it may be doubted whether the latter is ever found in the Northern States. The wild cat is of the same species as the domestic cat, and has a long- tail.' The lynx has longer legs tlian the wild cat, its size is that of a middling dog, and its tail is only five or six inches in length. All the wild cats, so called, that we ever saw or heard of in ;this part of the country had short tails. — Ibid. SHOES IN LYNN. The population of Lynn is over .5000, nearly all of whom are supported by the slioe business. — From 1,200,000 to 1,400,000 pairs of shoes are made annually in the town, of an average value of 75 cents per pair, making near 1,000,000 dollars. The females of the town earn more than 60,000 dollars annually by binding and ornamenting shoes. Millions of low priced fancy shoes have been sent to South America, and sold at a profit. There is a chocolate manufactory in Lynn, which makes sixty tons of chocolate in a year. The Lynn fish- ermen at this time bring in 6000 pounds of fish daily. — Ibid. A bill is before the legislature of Maine to abol- ish all military trainings in that slate, except the annual one for inspeption. AN ADDRESS, X ;'' Delivered before the Saratoga Agricultural Ss§L ;, by Eaul Stimson, Esq. (Concluded from page 2«i 'p Tilling nr.y land with hired hands, I fouaj' posting my account, was running mo in del stead of being a source of profit. This ini nie to try some other method, and after soverfS periments having for their object the ccono of labor, the procuring and application of maa, „ and the rotation of crops — the following has ~ ^ ed the most successful, In the first place I drew a plan on paper ar| ing the land into square and convenient loti taining from five to ten acres,having an eye t( convenience of water for each field and transportation of its produce to the barn wh was to be housed, but witli no regard to thi evenness of the surface on the swales of spi land. This ian.l cost about twenty-eight d per acre. I commenced fitting the lots and tinned year after year in succession. The ageraent of one may be taken as a specimen whole. I removed the rubbish at an expence of $2 per acre. The loose stones were then rem ed and with posts and rails placed into pcriiMiii fence at an average expense of $6 per acre. T expense added to the first cost of the land, mal an average of !t;.3G per acre, e.xcepting repairs buildings, when the land was fit for till then arranged my barnyards a little dishing~wh( it v.as convenient, for making and preserving n nure. I drew into them in the fall a quantity turf and dirt from the knolls around my builJi: and the adjacent roads and yarded my stock up it during the winter. This course I pursued fo few years until my crops so increased as to fu isii me with manure in a sufficient quantity tog each of my lots a slight coat once in five or years. In the spring it was thrown into so piles in the yard. In the fall commenced plouj ing with a good ami faithful ploughman who tu ed over the sol about three inches in depth, c from eight to ten inches in width. The dry p was back furrowed into lands of twelve pa( and the wet into lands from five to six paces wi leaving a deep dea hundred l 'y to this society — those who are incredulous ou pounds if flax, per acre ; and afterwards for two j this subject, and those who do not believe that or three years from three and a half to four tons j such large crops can be produced as have been of hay, or pasture in thai proportion per acre. Some 'frequently reported to this society, and attested o.Tsons, instead of sowing wheat o;; t!^o sod in the [ ^y the best authority, to try the experiment on one 'lit . the corn — the first time, Uie tops were cov- jabout an inch and tho hill left fiat — the sec- lime the tops were spread apart with the hoe Ibout the same quantity of dirt applied on the IS before. The whole of this expense includ- |lie manure and interest of the $36 did not ;d .$l'>."'0 per acre. the fail, I gathered on an average from sixty Ivcnty bushels of corn per acre fit for the crib |h. at that time, was worth fifty-six to sixty per bushel ; and from four hundred and fifty e hundred bushels of potatoes, worth about Jon cents per bushel. After the corn was har- Jjd, the hills were harrowed with a two-horse In the spring I ploughed just deep enough irn up the old sod which had become a fine stable mould for a .^spring crop, and after nar- 32 the furrows down, sowed it with barley, hed in strong brine and rolled in plaster abcut and a half bushels of seed per acre, harrowed id before cross-harrowing it was seeded with quarts of the large red clover seed and three nds of timothy. After the barley was out of ground one or two inches, it wag sowed broad with plaster, five or six pecks per acre, and ed down to pulverize the lumps and smooth the face for mowing. The expense of tliis crop IS, and severe drowth, but the sod belov/ ab- bs the wash of the manure, and thus prepares veil when turned back for the next crop. As (f new lands are much surer for, and more pro- btive of crops, where the vegetable mould is all i the surface, the nearer I approach the same Inciple in cultivating the soil, the better I suc- bded in raising crops. 1 have received more ben- t from three loads of manure applied as above ited than from five when ploughed in deep. I 1 of opinion that the strength of our soil could ver be exhausted with a proper rotation of crops lere all the manure which they produce, is care- lly preserved, and once in four or five years operly applied to the surface. This I think has en fully verified by our new land; for after tak- fall, I have turned it over in the spriiij-. rolled and harrowed it, and sowed it with three bushels of small, or thres and a half busliels of large white peas to the acre. After they had been washed in strong brine and rolled in plaster they were ploughed in on the top of the sod — when out of the ground one or two inches, plastered five or six pecks to the acre, and had from thirty to forty bushels per acre — then in the fall, turned back the sod and manured it, sowed it with wheat as before st,ateil, and have had from forty to forty-five bush- els per acre. The third season have taken a crop lot and keep an exact account as respects quantitv of crop and the true cost. I should be glad to see a liberal premium of- fered to the person who will raise the greatest quantity of grain the ensuing season upon an acre of old improved land, with the least expense, I am well aware that impositions have been practiced upon this society, but shall this destroy it — No. Let us rather cherish it — it has already been productive of great good. There can be no doubt but in the past year one thousand bushels more grain have been raised in of from eighty to one hundred bushels of corn per I the town in which I reside through the stimulus acre. And the fourth stocked it down with bar- ■ of this society, and that other property has been ley. This I have found a good course when my 1 '"creased in the same proportion, amounting to ground was in heart so that it would answer to I more than one thousand dollars — Admitting the take from it four crops of grain before stockino- [same competition has been produced in other towns, with grass. With this mode of husbandry, as will [ we may safely calculate that this society has in- appear from following out the above calculations, ' creased the property in tho county of Saratoga my land has afforded me a handsome profit. I more than eighteen thousand dollars Let us sup- The raising of stock. — [ have as yet paid but ' pose Agricultural Societies equally cherished in littlo attention to this part of husbandry. How- j other counties and v;e have an increase of property ever I would observe that the stock should always * i'l this state through their influence of more than a be proportioned to the size of the farm, that thev [million and a half of money annually. may on the one hand bo kept in good condition, ; Can any man have proper views of national and on the other consume all the hay and other I economy or be a friend to the best interests of his fpdder which is grown on the farm, j country, who instead of cherishing would raise I cannot close this address without recommend- [his voice for withdrawing the patronage, of the ing to the members of this society more attention ' state from an institution productive of so much to the implements of hu.sbandry, especially those ' good. which diminish hand labor ; particularly Ike horse I Laudable and becoming exertions, are made in rake. With this implement one of my workmen this our land of peace and plenty, to instruct our with one horse and boy to vide, raked in three j youth in almost every art and science, and shall hours five acres of grass, yielding three tons per j we not look forward with fond anticipation to the Also machines for threshing and c/eant'ng- i period as not far distant when we shall have sem- - c- ,> y so m UQfg_ ^ijg machines for threshins and c/eantne- 1 period as not far distant when we shall have sem- r trom an acre. It generally produces our hsavi- • ti en n j , ,• ■ • i r . l- ». • <. ■ > * rron nf ^ >-=- ""' "-a |g-rat,i, I have oBc, ofBallou's patent, erected in manes also for teaching this most anportant, ; crops of grain and grass. 254 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. March 2, lO''- though much neglected art, — the art of husband- ry. It is the fountain from which we obtain our wealth and earthly happiness. Let us then con- tinue to unite our exertions with t!ie exertions of those who have recommended and patronized the best interests of the State, until the science and practice of agriculture shall e.xcite that universal attention which its high importance demands. To the ladies who patronize this Society after what they have here exhibited of their industry and economy — those brightest ornaments of the female part of community, — compliments are use- less. The works of their own hands praise them. May others be stimulated to go and do likewise. NEW ENGLAn1)~FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 2, 1827. AMERICAN MANUFACTURE OF SILK. The communication with which we have been honored from Gov. LiNcoi,N,(which is given on the first page of this paper^ together with the report of Geo. a. Tufts, Esq. will be higlily appreciated by all enlightened men, who feel an interest in the prosperity of the United States. There is a fair prospect, that silk may, at no distant period, be- come a staple commodity of New England, — an article as well for exportation as liomc consump- tion. Where interest and intellect unite with the spirit of enterprise characteristic of the citizens of the United States, we may safely calculate on great and beneficial results. We have likewise on hand other valuable com- munications and documents relating to this subject, ■■vhich will soon appear in this paper. Among these IS a manuscript pamphlet on the silk worm, written (sixty-six years ago,) by a gentleman in Europe, and transcribed under the directions of one of the ancestors of a distinguished family in Connecticut. This pamphlet is said to have been the principal cause which induced some ingenious and enterpris- ing individuals to attempt the manufacture of silk in Mansfield, Con. where it has for many years been raised to the benefit of the public, as well as the emolument of those concerned. For this valu- able document we are indebted to a gentleman who has before laid us under obligations, for v/hich he will accept our thanks. We have likewise received an interesting arti- cle on the culture of silk, from the pen of a gentle- man from Europe, who has been conversant witli the business in some large establishments. Oy' An able and elaborate article, on the Manu- facture of Cider, from Judge Buel, of Albany, was received too late for thii week^s paper. From the ■JSTew- York Daily Advertiser. VINES. We give publicity, with pleasure, to the follow- ing facts from Mr I'armentier, so important to cul- tivators of the Vine in this climate. He has dis- covered, by actual experiment, that a great varie- ty of the choicest Vines of the north and south of France are able to resist uninjured such severe weather as we have lately experienced. We ihink VTe may safely recommend the cultivation of these vines to farmers and private gentlemen. A num- ber of stocks transplanted from Mr Parmentier's vineyard last season, within our own knowledge, have flourished extremely well ; and we are con- fident, that a little care would supply this country i vvitli the best grapes. | Sir — You will partake of tiie satisfaction I have ! in announcing to the amateurs of tiie cultivation of ; the vine, that the experiment which I have made, ' of leaving a great number of my vines without covering the present winter, hag succeeded be- 1 yond my expectations, notwithstanding the weath- er has been so severe. The thermometer has fal- ' len, several nights, to 28 and 30 degrees below ! the freezing point ; and worse than that, the rain; which fell during two days, and froze on the trees, ' threatened the greatest danger to the vines ; yet 1 they have resisted all those attacks without re- 1 ceiving the least injury, and remain as if they had passed the winter in France. Among these i are nil the 24 species I have sold at 8 dollars the i dozen, a printed description of which may be had! at the bookstore of Mr Hay Stevenson, No 257 I Broadway. The question, so important to this country, ' whether the vine can withstand the severity of the winters, and particularly such a winter as v/e are ! now escaping from, is then decided. These vines | are without any protection, exposed to every wind, i and they have not suflTered. Nothing, then, need prevent the cultivation of this excellent fruit on a larger scale. The newspapers are the propaga- tors of every thing interesting ; and I must take this opportunity to acknowledge the disinterested manner in which the editors have treated me. — They have shown how sincerely they wish the i general introduction of the vine, which would be a j Irsting benefit to the country. i Yours respectfully | ANDRE PARMENTIER. i Horticultural Garden, Brooklyn, L. I. Feb. 1827. Remarks by the Editor of the JVeic England Far- mer We should be happy in being assured that all ] the species of vines alluded to in the foregoing ar- 1 tide by Mr Parmentier can withstand the severity not only of New-York but New-England winters. ! But a trial for a single season can give us nothing i decisive on the subject. Besides we fear the sea- ] son of trial for the present year may not yet have arrived. We have always understood that plants , are less liable to be destroyed by continued and uniform cold weather, even of very great severity, than by sudden alternations of frost and thaws. I Sudden variations of temperature, by alternately ! contracting and dilating the fibres and sap-vessels of vegetables, may prove fatal to such as are not fitted by nature nor habit to endure such changes; while greater variations, if gradual, might prove < harmless. Thus we say of wheat, which is sowed and begins to vegetate in autumn, but dies before the next growing season that it is it'infcr-killed, I when, in fact it is most commonly spring h'lhci. It will remain verdant, whether covered or not covered with snow through the winter, and per- ! haps till some time in March or April, and yet, by ' subsequent frosts be destroyed. What is called] Ian o//cn winter, in which there is but little sr.nw j I IS most apt to prove destructive to clover, winter I grain &c. and probably to vines. But if it be true that Mr Parraontier's vines will endure, without covering, the winters of Long Island, and the grapes they may produce will ri- j pen in the open air of that climate, it does not! follow that they could withstand a similar expos- | ure in most parts of New England. The latter is I situated farther north, and its interior further from ! eiiel *■ the sea ; from those circumstances, the mea perature of our climate is less ; and tender plants might flouiish in Long Island, but per^'"'"'" New England. So far as we can learn, cultl in the neighborhood of Boston have rarely i?^ er succeeded in cultivating vmes of foreign o gin, without laying them down, and coveri them during the colder part of the season. Sm thing however, may be anticipated from such vl becoming acclimated, or accustomed to our'l mate ; and in time so far naturalized that 'A may prosper in situations and aspects which || generally proved fatal to them. We wism Parmentier all possible success, and think bii of his merits as an able horticulturist, but belie it our duty to warn such as are disposed to cul vate the vine not to be too sanguine in their t pectations of procuring grapes of foreign orj which will brave the rigours of New England MP'" ters through a succession of seasons without ter. SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE. The papers from the interior of the iouthernti south western portions of the Union are filled w't complaints of the unprofitableness of cotton pl^ tationa. They enter into elaborate statistical Cfl eolation to show the necessity of some new ap^ cies of culture. The different Agricultural £ cieties of South Carolina have formed one geneh State Institution, at a recent meeting of whichiK following resolutions were passed : it " Resolved, That it be recommended to evt member of this society, to use his best efforts 1 • promoting in his respective district, the culture some staple, suited to our climate, and which ni divert the attention of planters from the culture cotton, now produced in excess. Resolved, That a premium of forty dolltrs awarded to any experimentalist who shall succe ' in introducing such new culture, on a space ground not less than one acre." The new cultivations which seem to be most favour are those of the vine and silk. In varic parts of the Southern States they have both he tried with considerable success. Tlie present a favourable opportunity to push these experimei still further, since the cotton culture is so uuprn table. The climate of that part of the Union admirably adapted to both. Resolutions have passed the Legislatsre North Carolina, in favour of Frances Morceau, Wilks county, giving him in fee simple .TOO acr of land on the Bushy Mountain for the purpose making experiments in the cultivation of the vin JUDGE BUEL. The Hon. Isaac Hill, Editor of the New Ham shire Patriot, in republishing from the New En; land Farmer some valuable agricultural observe tions in answer to the gentleman who sent tl ootnmunication, and who appeared not, personal! to know .Tudire Buel, makes tlie following pc-fii ent and just remarks as to the character and usi ful labors of that distinguished friend and prom< ter of the interests of the plough. " Our respected correspondent is informed thi Judire Buel was educated ori'nnally to the bus ne.sa of a printer — that he was editor and publisi er of that valuable political paper, the Albany Ai gus. during and subsequent to the last war — the by his industry and perseverance in busines«, h obt.ained a handsome property, sold the newspapc V No. .ti. NEW B:N(«'LANI) faumek. 255 ihment, and purcliosed tlie ground for a the vicinity of Albany, about ten years round, which before he eiiteicd upon it, eined to be of little v;iliie for tlie purpose m. On this ground Ju;lge lluel has niado farm as thai lie obtained several years ago, i'.iin of the Agricultural Society for the best St profitably eultivated farm in that flourish- inty. Judge B. labours with his own hands on I ; and although coinniendcd for ;;enerous lity, and ready always to make any sacri- trviiig new experiments where there is a i able prospect of success, is said to be coU- increasing in wealth from the business of ; merely. A brotiier of the profession, and o-w'orker in the great cause of the country a dark period of our history, we allude to j ntleu.an not without feelings of coinplacen- } pride. He has been, and continues to be j red with a due share of confidence from his' iti/ens — he has been a member of the lo- re, and is now, we belivo, a Judge of one 1 courts. His best fame, however, rests in I rit as a practical and scientific farmer: hi? on agricultural subjects, not less than his I al e.tample, rank liim among our public bene- i ! ; and his name deserves to be placed on I nie page with that of Benjamin Fua.nklin." | COOKING CABBAGE. We cannot here pass over the advice of Bruy- erinus,. respecting the preparing of cabbage for the table. " I must," says he, " exjiose an error, which is no less common than pernicious, in pre- paring cabbage. Most people, in consequence of i tfie ignorance of their cooks, eat it after it has been long boiled, a circumstance which does not a little diminish both its grateful taste and | salutary (jualiiies. But observe, that those who have a more polite and elegant turn, order their J cabbage to he slightly boiled, put into dishes and seasoned with salt and oil; by which method they assume a beautiful green colour, become grate- ful to the taste, and proper for keeping the body soluble. This circumstance ought not to be for- 1 gotten by those who are lovers of cabbage. The ancients boiled their cabbage with nitre which rendered it at once more grateful to the pal- ate and more agreeable to the eyi.'." [Phillips' History of Vegetables.] 11- ih. Prince's Linnman, Garden and .\'urseri/. — nursery, we believe^ is now by far Ijie larg- North America, covering an extent of //mX^ res. The collection of Green House plants, now enumerates upwards of 20,000. The Ition of Fruit Trees, Bulbous Flower Roots, I still more extensive. To show with what rees and vines are packed at this nursery, ,n state, tliat of 25 varieties of apple trees, iiine varieties of grape vines, sent by Mr le to a gentleman at Alaliania last season, — wo apple tree died. The whole were "2 months days in the bo.x before they were opened at vill be seen by an advertisement on our last that Mr Russell, pubHsher of the New l''.iig Farmer, and Mr N-well, have been appointed igents for this vicinity. le Jl>'ls in France. — In the article of plated s, the French seem to surpass the nianufac- 3 of Birrainghira. A method has been discov- there of making coffee pots, &c. of one piece ?tsl. and cheaper than the old method. Pins l?o made at a single operation, of which the and tail are of one piece. Immense num- of classical books are stereotyped in an ele- manner, and afforded at very low prices to y country in Europe. CURE FOR INFLUENZA. fiuinca Pepper. — The following receipt is the famous popper medicine for the cure of malignant influenza and sore throats ; which has been found highly elKcacious, and is recommended as a pow- erful iiiaphoretic [promoter of insensible perspi- ration] stimulant [exciting to action] and antisep- tic [resisting putrefaction.] Take two table spoonfuls of small red pepper, or three of common Cayenne pepper, add two of fine salt, and beat them into a paste ; add half a pint of boiling water. Strain oflf the liquor when cold, and add to it half a pint of very sharp vine- gar. Give a table s'poonful every half hour as a dose for an adult,and so in proportion for yo'inger patients. Perhaps this medicine might merit a trial in yellow fever. [Ibid.] Potatoes for fattening hogs, seasoned with alum. Mr Somerville says in his Reports, that the fatten- ing of hogs by potatoes is much hastened by mix- ing a small quantity of any astringent substance among the potatoes, especially if they show the least tenilency to purging. A little alum, or Ar- menian bole may be used. The income of the Philadelphia Atheneum is 2,859 dollars a year. The library contains 4000 books. The whole property is valued at 10,000 dollars. About 900 strangers were introduced into the room last year. jring a late fire in New York city, the pro- tor of a caravan of living animals found it ne- ary to reuiove his charge. The Elephant, r coolly surveying the flames, moved on at the mand of his master, and the Lion suffered self to be led by the nose through the crowd, 1 as much docility as a hound. on'ributions for the Greeks are making in nu- ous places with great spirit. It is anticipated : $20,000 will be collected inNew York. accession in Offices. — Among the Governors of inecticut there have been two Trumbulls,fatlier son; tAO Griswclds, father and son; three ilcotts, father, son, and grandson. Further supply of Seeds. Just received at the Farmer ofTice and Agricultural Establishment, No 52 North Market street, LSoslon, 12 bushels early seedling; Peas, various kinds. 6 '^ Canary seed, 1 '* Rape jced, 1 '^ He/np seed, 6 " Early Potatoes, For sale, wholesale and retail. March 2. .4 Gardenir. WANTED — a Gardener of good character. Apply althis office. 4t. f'eh. ^( fi'anted, A man with his wife to attend to the work of a Farm and dairy, about 9 miles from Boston, none need ap- p'y unless they can produce undoubted recomraenda- tioas. Apply at this Office. 3t. Feb. 2. JUST Published at Davenport's Library, Court street — The Literary Gem, or Legends and Lyrics — designed for the amusement of winter evenings and summer tooinings. JAMES BLOOUGOOD & Co"s JVvrseri) at Flushing, on Long Island, near JVtw York. IN behalf of the proprietors of the .above nursery, the subscriber solicits the orders ol horticulturists who may be desirous of »lock- ardens »ud fields with fruit trees of the finest sorts and most healthy and vigorous stocks the present autumn. Hi.ooDCOon & Co. attend personally to the inoculating and engrufling of alt their fruit trees, and purchasers may rely with confidence that the trees they order will prove genuine. The subscriber, agent of tlie above nursery, will re- ceive orders for any quantity of FRUIT AND FOREST TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in this city at the risk and expense of the Purchaser ; the bills may be paid to him. The reputation of this nursery is so extensively known and has been so well sustained that 1 lake leave to re- fer those in want of trees to any of the Horticulturists iu this city aud its vicinity, and if ocular demonstralinn is desired, I invite those who wi'h to be thus satisfied- to examine the trees in my garden at Dorchester pro- cured from this nursery for three or four years past, some of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy and vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on application to XEB. COOK Jr. Rogers' Building — Congress Street. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. \Pri,EP, best, ASHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No I, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, . - - - skiinraed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, ... Rye, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - . _ Barley - - - - Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover ... - WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash ilo do unwashed do 3-4 washed " 1-2 & i do Nativ; - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, Ist sort 2d sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROVISIO^'^ MARKET. BEEF, best pieces . - - - PORK, fnsh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - - VEAL. MT'TTON, POULTRY, --.-.. BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . - - ■ Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - ■ bush bbl. lb. cask al. ton. bbl. bush lb. FROM 2 00 85 00 105 00 1 62 9 23 7 50 6 00 14 90 6 12 58 7 TO 2 25 87 50 107 00 1 87 9 50 8 00 6 50 16 9 6 1 00 6 25 6 25 90 !i2 none 10 70 75 2 75 12 00 10 7 10 76' 3 50! Ill 35 301 25| 23; 35 28 30 1 7, 10 15 £0 80 3 00 13 00 11 CO 11 00 IS 50 35 35 33 28 40 32 33 10 8 6 10 8 10 20 27 1 oo 1 00 50 2 12 256 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Mavch 2. 1827. 3MEJL£90i:X,I.ANX£iS. THE SEASON. Wc have now had severely cold weather for more than seren weeks, with the exception of a few thawing days, and the ground has been cov- ered with snow to the depth of from two to four feet. Eight days ago the snow was about four feet deep in the woods on an average, and the roads, yards, and small enclosures were filled — in some places to the height of 12 or 13 feet. We have heard of several dwelling houses in this county and Hampden, against which the snow drifted so high in some of the late storms as to completely cover the doors and windows of the lower story. Many of the roads are impassable, — farmers find it extremely difficult to get fuel from their wood lands — many ciiildren are detain- ed from the public schools, — and the churches have been almost empty on some sabbaths. This is altogether an old fashioned winter, though not so severe as some that are recorded in the annals of New England. We find the following account I of cold winters in Mr Webster's " Letters to a young Gentleman." — Hamp. Gaz. " In 1637 or 8, the winter was noted as unusu- ally severe ; the snow lay about four feet deep from the middle of November to the first week in April. But the winter of 1641 — 2 was of the se- verest kind. Boston bay was a bridge of ice as far as the eye could see — and the Chesapeak also was frozen. The Indians told our ancestors that such a winter had not becD in forty years. A sim- ilnr winter occurred in 16'J7 — 8. The 14th day of December, O. S. 1709, was supposed to be the coldest day that had been known in America. In February, 1717, fell the greatest snow ever known in this, or /perhaps any country. It covered the lower doois of houses, so that some people were obliged to step out of their chamber windows on .jnow shoes. There was also a terrible tempest. — Eleven hundred sheep, belonging to one man, per- ished. One flock of a liundred, was dug out of a snow drift on Fisher's Island, where they had been buried to the depth of sixteen feet. This was twenty-eight days after the storm, when two of tliem were found alive, having subsisted on the wool of the others, and they sustained no injury." Patents. — Among the patents lately granted in Losdon for inventions, we perceive one for " an improved escapement for watches." Such an in- vention strikes us as useless, for watches go with marvellous facility under the present system. We had not been five minutes in Drury Lane pit, one evening, when on looking to see if our watch was going we found it gone — .Yoak. [A Philadelphia paper says — Mr Noah should have carried a stop watch.] Some of the Princes of Ge'rmany have a king- dom af the great extent of three miles square. It is related of one of them that his army consists of a general, two corporals, three privates, and a drummer. The general is the Prince's butler and steward ; the privates after receiving visitors at the palace gates in front, as guards, run round and meet them in the hall, asfootmin. Sententious Sentences. Leave your purse and watch at home, when you go to the Playhouse, or an auction room. Early rising will add many years to your life. Dine late; it makes the day longer, and saves a supper. Take your Tradesman's receipt though you pay ready money. Never pay a Tradesman's bill till you have cast it up. Paint the steps of your door and stair case, a stone color ; it will save scouring and soap. Much may be done in a short time : your barber bestows 150 strokes daily on your beard. Pay all your bills at Christmas. Be not a collector of books without determining to read them. If you mean to buy a house, which you intend to alter and improve, be sure to double the Trades- man's estimate. When you take a journey in the winter put on twD shirts ; you will find them much warmer than an additional waist-coat. Idleness travels very leisurely, and Poverty soon overtakes her. Sunday Countenances. — Many serious people wear a peculiar expression on Sundays : They look thoughtful as they should, and sad, or gloomy as they should not. Notliing connected with re- ligion ought to be constrained, austere or forbid- ding. Banish frivolity on the first day, be serious and devout, but affect no solemnity of counte- nance. If affectation be unavoidable, then affect serenity of heart, benignity of countenance, and devotion of mind. Dt-arly all of which are It is remarkable that the Society for propagating the Gospel in foreign Parts, established in London 1643, was suggested by Gov. Winslow, of Plymouth Colony, who was also long an active member of it. And that when the Royal Society was formed in England in 1G6I, or 62, Gov. IVinlhrop, of New- London, vas an original and leading member of that learned association. A well-known bankrupt and gambling Peer, asked a celebrated wit, the other day; to lend him £50. — " Willingly !" replied he, being one of the best natured persons in the world. " Give me pen, ink, and paper, then ?" replied his lordship, " and let me give you a note of hand." " No, I thank you," rejoined the wag, " losing the money is en- ough, without losing the paper to." This appears to be a new edition of an old story of Dr Franklin. We learn that on Saturday morning last, the Clover Mill of Mr Andreas in Hanover township, Luzerne Co. together witli a large quantity of Clover seed, was entirely consumed by fire. — We understand the loss is estimated at about .*2(i00. [Wyoming Herald.] The Larch Treee. — A late English paper an- nounces the arrival at Leith, of the brig Betsey from Dronthiem, with a cargo of boards. This vessel is said to be the identical one, then a yacht, that brought over king William to England 137 years ago. The timber of this vessel is the Greek LARCH, or what is called in Maine where it was planted more than two centuries since, and where some fine forests of it are now growing, Hackma- tack. It is the most durable timber ever made use of in the construction of vessels. He who receives a good turn should never for- get it — he who does one should never re.^lember Linnccan Botanic Garden and J^ursery.'\ The subscribers give that they have been appi sole agents for thisvicinit; the Linncean BotAric Gi and Nursf-ry, at llushin; Island. This Nursery la' known, and contains the. extensive collection of Ornamental Trees, and in America. The Fruits lieen selected by actual ij ligation of their merits, iigrafted from bearing trei In the selection, which has been the particular' suit ofMr PIII.N'CE and his father for more than century, he haL- spartd neither pains nor expense^ such as did not possess particular merit have h jected and their accuracy has been tested by thi authors of the age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 ne' r'leties of fruits not to be found in any ether coll in Ameiica, and which include the most celebrat kinds that have within a few years past been bronpi into notice and recommended by those distinguiw Moiticulturalists, Van Moii? &• Duquesene, and h ' Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the sent from this establishment, the proprietor refel the Hon. Jonathan Hunewell, ?ud other gentlemeil Boston and its vicinity, viho have patronized hif e»lj lishment for the last fifty years, and particularly tol iVuit of the various kinds with which the Boston ket is now supplied from the extensive collect trees furnished the late Dr Oliver Smith, Secret! the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, who, than thirty years since, had several thousand trti nually, which were distributed among the menibi tlv.it Association. It may perhaps be deemed wi of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offer sa'e, by the proprietor, are different from those vated by other establishments under the same n; and the identity of every fruit sent by him, the pn tors expressly guarantees. Catalogues maybe obtained gratis of the subsfri(jK| and orders left at the New England Farmer office a Agricultural Establishment, No. 52 North Mai# street, (if from a distance, post paid) will meet prrtl attention. .lOS. R. NEWI 1,L„ JOHN B. Rl':^^ELL J\'otice to Gentlemen Farmers. FOR SALE, the very valuable farm ofthe lat( Jan Gilchrist, Esq. situated in Charlestown, N II. on I lower meadows, so called, of the Connecticut riv and formerly belonged to Col. Asabel Hunt. This Farm consists of 3R5 acres of Land, of which are meadow, ot the first quality, and in a state ol hi cultivation ; the remaining 315 are up'and, ruid ci sist chiefly of pasture and woodland ; the whole m: in" one entire piece. The House is large and ■ omn diou", well furnished with all needful and coi.vLuii out building?, and in excellent repair. It is beautifully situated,between the great riverr^j and the bank of the Connecticut, on a swell of iM rising out ofthe meadow. The barns are large and numerous, convenient placed, and have been thoroughly repaired within Ihf years. One large barn has been built within th time. The Farm is well watered, and in addition to me lar springs, has running through it a never faili' stream, on which is situated a good saw mill. Besides the Mansion House, there is also on premises, a small farm house, with a barn attached This is a very eligible situation for a genllcl farn'cr, with advantage of natural beauty, fertility site, excelled by few places in ^ew England. Persons wishing to purchase such a place, are ted to look at this.— Terms and further particulars be known on application toMrsSUSAN GILCHRIi on the premises, or to S. G. WILLIAMS & CO. Cost .Jr^Vublished every Friday at Three Dollars per num, payable at the end of the year— but thos ' pay within sixty days from the time of subscribing entitled to a daductiou of Fifty Cents. JNEW ENGLAND FARMRB I Publ.she.l by JoH.N B.Rvsszi^j;o.^Nonl^Moskot Street, (oppo.Ue Pan.c.l_Hall )._Thoma. ij:r.;;^„^y, Kditor." VOL. V. BOSTON, FlIIDAY. MARCH 9, 1827. No. 33. ORIGINAL PAPERS FOR THE MEW BHQt-itiD FARMER. ON THE MANL'PACTURK OF CIDER. The qii.ility of cider depends on several conliii ncics, amonj which I will CDunicrate, The species of fruit employed ; Soil and aspect of the orchard ; Condition of the fruit wlieii g-round ; Tlie process of irniuling, &c. ; Management ot the vinous termentation : and, The precautions which are token to prever.t B acetous fermentation. r intend to ofter remarks upon each of these di- nons. And, 1. The Fruit. Apples diiTer not only in their .vor, cilour. and time of lipening, but in the pro- irtions if their constituent parts. The most ma- rial of these constituent parts are acid, sugar, tringency, vegetable extract and water. The operties of pfood dessert and cider apples are sel- )ni found united, thougfh they are not inrompati- with each other. Table apples are esteemed account of their bland and aromatic flavor, crisp id juicy pulp, and for the property of keeping ig, or ripening late. The characteristics ofn lod cider apple are, a red skin ; yellow and often lOgh and fibrous pulp, astringency, dryness, and leness at the cider making season. "When the id and pulp are green, the cider will alvvayr ^•'- «n, weak and colourless ; and when these are leply tinged with yellow, it wiU, however manu- ictnred, or in whatever soil it may have grown, Imost always possess colour, with either strength richness.*' — (Knight). The apple, like the ''rape, must att.iin a state of perfection, or perfect laturity, before its juices develope all their e.xcel- jnce : and as many of our best eating apples do ot acquire this maturity until winter or spring, his affords a satisfactory reason why winter fruit 3 seldom or never good cider fniit. In a dry ap- 'le, the essential elements of cider are generally noro concentrated, or are accompanied with a less iroportion of water, than in a juicy one ; of course he liquor of the former, is stronger than that of lie latter. Of our best cider apples, ten or twelve )iisliels of fruit are required for a barrel of juice ; .vhilo of the ordinary juicy kinds, eight bushels generally suffice. The only artificial criterion employed to ascer- ain the quality of an apple for cider, is the specif- ic gravity of its must or unfermentcd juice ; — or its weight compared with that of water. This, says Knight, indicates, with very considerable ac curacy, the strength of the future cider. Its weight and consequent value, is supposed to be in- creased in the ratio of the increase of the saccha- rine matter. In making wine of domestic fruit, say of the currant or gooseberry for euaniple, we use sugar till the unferii.pntea li [uor attains a certain specific gravity ; or until the saccliariiie matter of till fruit, i'nd that artificially supplied, beais a cer- tain prop, ion to the water. This ensures to the liquor, stiTj th, or body, as the sugar id convert- ed into spin, by the fermentive proce<:.=!. Very little his been done to aiqimc a correct kr.owledge of the relative value of our native ap- ples for cider. Coxe has described and figured one hundred varieties of tliis fruit, of which about thirty are recommended for cider. Of these thirty on a wet soil. Mint, or other aromatic herbs, is much stronger in the specific virtues of tlic plant, when grown on a dry soil, and greater in volume, ..iiids I selected the following for my nursery, as j when grown on a wet one. The maple yields the not only being best for cider, but as generally sucetesl sap, thougli less in quantity, on a dry soil. Apples may grow large on a moist alluvi- on ; but the fruit will neither be so abundant, nor so ricli, as on a dry soil. 'J'he thriftiest trees pro duce the most v,ood buds ; those less thrifty the combining the desirable qualities of table fruit also : viz. the Hagloe and Virginia crabs, Harri- son, Campfield,Styre, yellow Newton and Newark pippins, Priestley, Graniwinklo,VVinosap,Carthouso and Cooper s russet.ng We have undoubtedly, most fruit buds. The best aspect for an orchard among our indipnous fruit, many kinds of e.vcel- is one somewhat elevated or undulating, protected lent cider apples hitherto unnoticed ; and it is from prevailing cold winds-and facing the south, very desirable that their properties should be test- south-east or east. Ciders brought to the Albany ed, and the result of the investigation made pub- market, from the hilly towns of Columbia and '^J „ _ . . Saratoga, on the transition formation, possess the In Great Britain more attention has been given most spirit, best flavor, and resist longest the ace to this subject. The specific gravity of the juice tons fermentation, of
:e says.the soil which grows good wlieiit and clover.ie best for a cider orchard. My own o!<.^>'rvatioii would induce me also to prefer a dry and somo what loose soil, in which the roots, destine' lo fur- nish food for the tree and fruit may piictrale freely, and range extensively, in search o; nutri mpnt. The jui< es of plants and fri'its are a'ii'sy.s mure ooocenlrated when growing on a dry than when it has atti'ined its perfect state of maturity, and before it begins to decay, because it then yields the greatest proportion of saccharine mat- ter. The most certain indication of ripeness, says Crocker is the fragrance of the smell and the spontaneous dropping from the trees. Each kind of the apple should be manufactured separately, or those kinds only mixed which ripen at one time and which experience shall show, are not prejudi- cial to each other. Who would ever think of mak- ing a superior wine from an indiscriminate mix- ture of a dozen kinds of grapes ? And yet we .seem to es^.'Ct good cider from an indiscriminate mixture of a dozen kinds of apples. It may be urged, that the evil is irremediable, because our orchards, containing these dozen varieties, have been furnished to our hands ; and that neither the quantity nor quality of any one kind of fruit ren- ders it an object to manufacture it separately. Is it not time, then, to set about correcting the evil, by selecting only the best kinds for new planta- tions. A faimer should make cider to sell and it is material to him whether he obtains two or ten dollars the barrel. Our manufactories, our towns and cities, and the demand for exportation, will al- ways ensure a market and price for good ciders. Mr Wynkoop, of Lancaster, Pa. has 400 trees, of the Virginia crab, on less than five acres of ground ; and when his orchard was twenty-two years old, he stated to the President of the Penn- sylvania Agricultural Society, that it produced him every other year forty hogsheads of cider, of 112 galls, each ; which he sold at Philadelphia at 9s. 6d. the gallon, or about $1,500 in the gross. — And yet this apple is not a first rate cider apple. It is deficient in sugar, but abounds in astringen- cy, rather a keeping than an enriching quality. — What farmer can apply his land to better profit ? Wines differ as much in their quality and price as ciders. Fruit,soil and skill make the difi"erenCG in both ; and upon the proper selection and expense of those d( pf-nd the quality of the liquor, and the 'onsequent profits of the cultivator. Upon this branch of the subject I will oi ly add, that the ap- ples should ripen \i\oa the tree, be gathered when dry, 11 a dearly manner, spread in an airy, cover- ed sitiition iPpracticuDle, for a time, to induce an evaporation of iqneo is matter, which will increase I he '.i-ength and flavour of the liquor, an'^ te sep- arated from rotton fruit atid every kind of filth be- fore they are ground. . jNEW ENGLAND FAllIMER. March 9, 182: I 258 4 Grinding ^c. The apples sho.)ld be reduc- l.ou.es l,e limited to one lu a d.stnct. In tins way | er b. v, arm, wll beg.n to lermcn in a lew ho| Pd bv tlie mUl as nearly as possible to a miiforra it would be an object with the owner to renaer his | after it passes from the press ; and seldom stop^ mas/in which the rind and seeds are scarcely implements complete, and to conduct the process | che vinous stage, i he juice ot ripe fruit, wheaj J^^s overable ; and the pomace should b. exposed , with care and skid. And as the value of the cider , tmperature us lower doe. not begin to ferment un" i'o the atr (Vom twelv. to twentyfour hours, ac- ! depend, so much uponits being well made, it is, a week or <^»,'-t",'Slit- or longer, oft^ _con_tm| cording The„ in the orange and lemon, are highly ( and those of the rind of the apple have a materia vil!: in the liquor will be found to be still further mented. " By the chemical action of the roller," says Knight, " the various fluids which occupy the different vessels and cells of the fruit, are mingled with the juices of the rinds and seeds, «nd with the macerated substa:ice of the vessels and cells themselves. In such a mixture il seems probable that new elective attractions will be ex- erted, and compounds formed, which did not exist previously to the fruit being placed under tli-j roll- er ; and hence the most correct analysis of the ex- pressed juices will convey but a very imperfect degree of knowledge of the component parts of the different fluids, as they existed in their state of separation, within the fruit. I have often ex- tracted," lie continues, " by means of a small hand press, the juice of a single apple, without having previously bruised it to pieces; and I have always found the juice thus obtained to be pale and thin, and extremely defective in richness, though the apple possessed great merit as a cider fruit. 1 have then returned the expressed juice to the pulp which I have e.vposed, during a few hours, to the air and light ; and t'le juice has tlien become deeply tingpd and very rich. In the former state it apparently contained but a very small portion of sugar ; in the latter it certainly contained a great ■luantity ; muck of which ! believe to have been jfenerated subsequently to tlie juice having been ,e air from twelv. to twentyfour hours, ac- depends so much upon its being we 1 ma. e, it is | a week or fortnight, or longer, orten contm, incr to the temperature, before it is pressed.- | believed the owners of fruit, as well as the pur- slowly thro.igh the winter, and when made fr. . iulces of the rind ol' fruit, as may be instanced , chasers of the cider, would be benefitted by such some of the hner cider a p es is not comple he orange and lemon, are highly concentrated iUn arrangement. . ^, . . , | under six or mne months. Indeed, in some cd ana those of the rind of the apple have a mater,.! ! 5. Vinous firmtntahon. This is commonly call- ! the liquor does not become clear under a year, i influence with the aromatic bitter of the seeds, i ed «Wari^. It coiruneiices at the temperature of | the sugar is not wholly decomposed under upon the flavor and strength of the hquor. ; 59" Fuh. and cannot be conducted in safety when , years : For the whole of the sugar is se.don On nartiallv macerating the pulp of an apple, - the heat is over 7.'3= for a high temperature indue- composed .'nring the first sensible fermontationJ and subjecting it to immediate pressure, the juice ■ es a too rapid fermentation, by which much of the Knight considers cider a^ two years old ae m | which escapes will be found to be thin, nearly col- | spirit passes off with the disengaged carbonic acid best state for bottling, r or until the sugar is f ourless and devoid-of flavor. If the maceration is i gas, and the acetous or vinegar fermentation be- composed, fermentation insensibly goes on, s Dcrfect so as to crush the seeds and break down I gins at Tt'. This will show the importance of the strength of the liquor increases. The like |. the rind the strength color and flavor of the must conducting the vinous lermentatiun under a prop- sensible process goes on in wines, and when il will be improved : "and if the macerated pulp is ex- j er temperature, which is from 50 to 70- of Fah.— completed, the wines are said to be ripe, and po^ed for a few hour.s to the atmosphere, anu then To show the cliemical effect of the vinous fermen- in their highest state of perfection, (..et M subjected to pressure, these desirable properties 1 talion, it will be proper to repeat that the unfor- Uch.} Temperature being the same I think it • linented juice, or must, of the apple, consist* of be assumed as a rule, that fermentation v.'ill saccharine mutter or sugar, vegetable mucilage or rapid and short, in an inverse ratio to the propi extract ; astrino-ency or tannin ; malic, and a tion which the saccharine matter bears to the D small matter of gallic acid, the principle of flavor, cilage and water ; and that the vinous liquor \\ tinging or coloring matter, and water. The sugar be rich, high flavored and durable, in proporti becomes l!ie basis, or spirit, of the fermented liq- as the sugar and astringency preponderate in ' uor ; t!io spirit, after vinous fermentation, and the must. tannin, or astringent matter, preserve it from the i fi. Precautiurts to prevent acetous ferinentalCon — acetous fermentation, if the vegetable mucilage. These are, supposing the previous contingencie^ ' or yeast, is separated when it has performed its to h:ive been favourable, ,a careful separation el office. This vegetable mucilage acts upon the the vinous liquor from the froth and lees, — a coi9| saccharine matter in a manner analogous to yeast temperature, — racking and finino-, — and artifioiij|| upon the wort of the brewer — it causes fermcnta- means to destroy the fermenting quality of the r4* tion, and converts sugar into spirits — by it- giving - maining mucilage. off carbonic acid gas, and imbibing hydrogen ; the I have already suggested the importance tffc liquor becomes clear, and part of the mucilage drawing off the liquor from the scum and sedS* rises to the surface with the disengaged air, intbe^meBt — at the termination of the vinous fermeDt« form of froth, and the residue is precipitated, with 'tion This period may be knov/n by the crackiM tl:e heavier impurities, to the bottom, in the form of the froth in an open cask, or. if in a close oifl of sediment or lees. T+iis is the critical period. — hy the application of the nose or ear to the hunw The liquor mny now be draw^n off clear. If left hole. If the fermentation has not ceased, a Iiiss longer, the feculent matter, or froth, by parting ing will be apparent, and the gas given off wili with the gas which renders it buoyant, soon set- give a pungent sensation to the nose. If the ties and mixes with the liquor, renders it turbid, Hqnor is not sufficiently clear, or indications cp- and as soon as the temperature attains a proper pear of the acetous fermentation having commcn height, causes a new fermentation. This will ex- ed, the cider should be racked into clean stroi plain the reason why ciders become harsh and casks, and fined with isinsrlass, eggs, or skimmi sour on the approach of wa'-m weather in the milk. This operation may be repeated if founi spring. The elementary principles of sugar, ar- necessary ; but it should be performed in clear subjected to the action of the press ; -though it I dent spirits and vinegar, it has been ascertained cold weather. After ihe first racking, the casks may be difficult to explain satisfactorily the means] by tlie experiments of Lavoisier, are the sanne ; should be kept bunged close, and further rnckings by which it could have been produced. Knight | and these substances only differ in the proportion be avoided if possible, as every racking reduces ascertained, by a subsequent experiment, that hy [ of their component parts, and in the modes of its strength, and much of the spirit escapes with exposing the reduced pulp to the operation of the j their chemical union. Sugar consists of hydrogen, ihe carbonic acid gas v/hich is evolved in the fer- atmospliere, for a few hours, the specific gravity oxygen and carbon. An increased proportion of miintive process. The oxygen of the atmosphere, of the juice increased from 1,0G4 to 1,073 ; and hydrogen enters into the composition of ardent besides, increo.ses the vinegar fermentation. Bat from the experiment being repeated in a closed spirits, and of o.'cygen into vinegar. The SEraeJf these methods fail, resort maybe had to the vessel with atmospheric air, he ascertained the ac- 1 Agent, vegetable mucilage, w'lich converts thesu- j means of impeding the natural operation of the i^ession to be oxygen, which according to Lavoisier, I gar of the apple into spirits, will convert the spirits | mucilage, or vegetable leaven. This may be done constitutes C4 per cent of sugar. For fine cider, into vinegar, under a proper temperature, and aid- j by what is called stumming, that is burning a rag ed by the oxygen of the atmosphere. The pro- h^npregnated with sulphur, in the cask in which cess of making vinegar is greatly accelerated by the liquor is to be decanted, after it has been part- exposing cider or wine to the atmosphere, the |ly fiHod, and rolling it so as to incorporate the oxygen of which it imbibes, and which is termed i liquid with the gas ; or by putting a drachm or by chemists the great acidifying principle. Hero \ tvvo of sulphife of potash into eacii cask, which again we see the propriety of professional cider j will precipitate and render insoluble the rcm.-iining manufacturers, who miglit be provided with eel- j leaven. If the fruit is good, and properly ground, and the cider racked from the fermenting casks at iwM he recommends, that the fruit be ground and pressed imperfectly, and that the pulp be then ex- posed twenty-four hours to the air, being spread, and once or twice turned, to facilitate the absorp-. lion of oxygen ; that it be tiien ground again and the expressed juice be added to it before repre.ss- ing. In straining the must too much care cannot be taken to exclude the pulp, as its presence is ; lars where the temperature could be regulated, apt to render the fermentation too violent, and j and who would carefully rack off the liquor at the drive it into the acetous stage. A hair sieve, fill- | completion of the vinous fermentation, ed partly witli straw, answers the purpose well. — | The vinous fermentation commences and ter:ni- The mill which most effectually reduces the pulp nates at different periods, according to the condi- 13 to be preferred. It lias been remarked with j tion and quality of the fruit, and the state of the a proper time, mnst or all of the subsequent opera- tions will be superseded. I'fear, Mr Editor, I have been too prolix upon a subject which almost every farmer professes to understand ; yet consideiing it, as I do, of great much force, that cider mills should, like school weather. The juice of unripe fruit, if the weetli- importance to the community at large, I cannot Vol. V No. y:i. NEW ENGLAND FAIIMER. 251) e (liis uitliout siiggetitiiig to the lOiisiik-ralioM he enlighteiie;i Trustees of your st>ite AErric-nl- il Society, tlic propriety of uscertaininn:, by c.\- ment ami anaiysis. the compiirative value of cider fniit, and of awarding preniiiiras, nol y for the discovery of the best kinds of eider but for indigenous or hardy grapes, best ptcd for American wines. Ubar.y, f>^. 'iG, 1827. J. DUEL. [tkanslated from the trench.] N PLOUGHING IN GREEN CROPS FOR MANURE. Fesse.nden, The use of green crops for manure .nown to enlightened agriculturists, but I have ■ely seen them thus used in this country. Many ms, situated in the interior, and of consequence rived of the means of easily procuring manure, entiraes leave w^ithout culture, lands which it luld cost but little e.xpense to put in a state to ;ld an e.\cellent crop the following year. This ould be the use of buckwheat, sow^n for the first rte immediately after the spring frosts. When in •ver, plough it in for the first process. Then w a second time, which crop, when in flower, ould also be ploughed in, which will give anoth- process. If the season should not be too far vanced, sow a third time, sow thick (about three ishels of grain to the acre at each sowing,) in der to obtain more verdure, and cause the crop grow the taller. The year following you will .ive the choice of such crop as will be most ad- intagcous to your interest. And, after having Dtained a knowledge of the soil, you may restore ff this means, lands which are the most exhaust D ; and you could not bring the crop to a better larket. These trials may be made on a small ;ale, for example on one acre ; and they would jtablish the advantage which cultivators might Ibtain from this vegetable employed in this man- er. Farmers in general arc acquainted with the lalue of clover, ploughed in to fcrtili?e the earth. But the use of buck-wheat, on lands nearly ex- lauBted is a thing which deserves the particular are of the cultivator in this country, in which as et, but little seems to be known or practised re- lating to this subject. I have seen with pleasure, in a late number of 70ur paper, the encouragement, which the Mass- achusetts Agricultural Society have offered to cultivators. They have a noble employment to whom is entrusted the distribution of such rewards, which have a tendency to promote the different ibranches of agriculture and rural economy as well as that manufacturing industry, which employs their products. I am, with regard, ANDRE PARMENTIER. Horticultural Garden, Long Island, Feb. 10, 1817. Remarks by the Editor. — The ploughing in of green crops, for the purpose of manuring the soil IS a practice by no means new in this country. — The Rev. Dr. Eliot, of Killingworth, Con. in Es- says on Field Husbandry, published 17(iO takes no- tice of this mode of recruiting Aornout lands; find recommends millet as a suitable crop for this purpose. The Massachusetts and the Essex Agri- cultural Societies offer premiums for experiments on this subject. Col. Pickering called the atten- tion of agriculturists to this practice in an Address delivered to the Massachusetts Agricultural So- <:iotv. in 1?-1Q, and published in the New England FMrnier, vol. i. page 318. S. W. F.niiinoy, Esc). i publisliG.l an " Essnr) nn the JlJvanlht^e of Mttnur- | ine; with Gnen ' raps" vvhich first appeared in the Massachusetts Agricultural Repository for Juno 18'2'2, and was republished in the New England' Farmer, vol. i. page 9. Mr Pomcroy recommends the trial of the White Eupine, as a "green dre:;s- ing for the restomtion of worn out soils." Dean'..; ' New England Farmer, likewise treats of this mode j of enriching land. Under ti.e head " Green Dress- ing" page 177, Wells &. Lilly's Ed. it is observed I " In Britain, buck wheat is much used, as the | stalks, when green are very large and juicy, and! as they require but a short lime to rot U is as- ' sorted, that about ten days are sufficient for it to j lie under the furrows. The chief difficulty I can think of, which tends to discourage this practice, is, the choking of tlie j plough in going; among a tall growth of plants. It i may be needful for a boy to tend it. But in Brit- ain, to prevent choking, they recommend to pass a roller over the crop to be turned in, vvhich layo | it flat, and in the same direction that the plough is to pass. Biinister's Husbandry, an English work, says " This grain is sometimes sown for the purpose of ploughing in the stalks as a manure. On fallows this method may be pursued' to advantage ; but then it is to be noted, that the ground should be ill pretty good heart,so as to throw up a'large bur- then of haulm, otherwise no benefit can accrue from this mode of husbandry." Very few writers on husbandry, either in America or Europe have omitted to recommend the ploughing in of buck wheat, as a manure, but we d" not recollect any directions except those of Mr Parmentier for ploughing in for manure two or three crops of buck wheat in the course of the same season. ORNAMENTAL GROUNDS. Mr. Fessenden, — I think if those who have estates in your vicinity would employ Mr Parmen- tier to lay out their grounds in case they occupy them, they have an immediate reward, and if they sell them, they would receive for every dol lar thus invested, ten. The advantages Mr V. has had are within reach of few in this country, and a man who has natural taste, and whose fortune enables him to gratify it, generally attains great perfection. — Mr P. when possessed of fortune (which the revolutions in France deprived him of) followed for amusement what he now, in addition to his Horticultural Establishment, follows for the support of his family ; and as his charges are ex- tremely low, I hope he will receive that patron- age in your state wliich he so richly deserves, and which has been rendered" him here. — I this day saw a map of Vi acres he has been laying out for Alderman King of this city, and think it is the hap- piest thing he has executed. The corporation here contemplate improving the Park,&c. If so he will be engaged to design and execute the im- provements contemplated. — When you see a gen- tleman^ particularly at his lime of life, exerting himself for a respectable support, with cheerful- ness, and treating all with the politeness that al- ways attend those of his country, it is our duty to employ him, particularly as our interest (which we all look to more or less) will be essentially benefited by the operation. Yours &c. IMPROVEMENT. T^ac-York, Feb. 8, 1827. WING'S IMPROVED hi LiiJi t,iN'GINE. The above is a drawing of Wing'd Improvement in the Steam Engine, without a boiler ; one of a two horse power, is about the size of a large kitchen stove ; takes no more fuel than a common fire place, its Machinery is very simple, and easy to be kept in repair, and less expensive than any hitherto in use. Any further information of the above can be obtained, by applying to W. P. Wing,Post Master, Greenwich Village. DriMon Market, .Monday, March 5. — Number ofbeeres, including 22 unsold last week, 375; 2 fine oxen, sold at $0, average price from $4 50 to S5 50, 48 unsold; 405 sheep, some good, brought $4 50 to 5 per head, averuge price $2.75 ; milcb cows and calves, none ; pigs none ; working cat- tle, few in the market, no sales. Distressing Accidtnt. — As Mr Earl, a respecta ble inhabitant of Baltimore, was preparing a few days ago, for a shooting excursion, he took a fowl- ing piece which had been loaned to a person, and returned, as he supposed, nnloailed. He put a small charge of powder into the piece, and fired, when unhappily, a full charge of shot, which without his knowledg-e was in it, was lodged in the body of the son of Mr H. W. Tilyard, a child about three years old, who was just entering the room.hand in hand, with the son of E. The child died immedi- ately, and on examination, it wjis found that ten shots had entered the heart of the innocent sufl'- erer. JVeuspapers were first printed in England in 1663. The London G: velte was published on Saturdays, and so continues to the present day. American Venison. Sur-h is the regularity and speed of the packets from the U. States arriving at this port, says the Liverpool Mercury, that. American venison is now no unusual dish at the tablesof many of our townsmen. J\'eedle3 Now so much used, were manufac- tured in England about 1550, by a Negro from Spain ; he would not impart the art, but Eliaa Growse, a German, some years after, taught the English the art. [Russell's Eflgland.] 260 NEW ENGLAND FAEMER. March 9, 1*27. TO THE EDITOR Of THE NEW ENGLAND FAKMER THE PLANE, OR BUTTONWOOD. I or rocky snh to burn as free, vvheii green, as oak I cut at tiie same time. Judicious men wlio have ! attended to the economv of fuel, speuU confidently than any other species that grow in our forests,.i although it affects strong moist loains and flats a bottoms on the margin of rivers ; where its growt is surprisingly rapid. Buttonwood is known in the Western States' the name of Sycamore, and may be correctly cuf j. ed llie Mammoth of the forest. I must confi that 1 felt somewhat incredulous of its enormoS size, as represented by the early settlers of Ohl^ and by Miclmux, but occulnr demonstration h^ lately confirmed the correctness of their stal nieiits I well recollect observing, in my youth, on tl But in I alluvial meadows of Connecticut River, fine ran! Mr Fessenden— There are few operations in of a vast saving by felling all kinds of wood when husbandry that appear of more importance, and yet the sap is down, and keeping it from the weather more neglected, than p?an(a;-e«< /recs ; till dry ; none will be more benefitted by such and it is^gratifying to observe, that the exertions , management than Button'.vood,and wc shall consid- of Mr Lowell for a number of years past to excite ; er it as so treated in the following remarks, attention to the subject, are so ably seconded by ; It is not pretended that Buttonwood emits so those of Gen. H. A. S. Dearborn. The ardour strong a Iient or is so lusting as o.ik, but I think it manifested by this gentleman in his letter to Mr ' superior to C/ifs.tut— affording a more pleasant Tyng on the culture of the Plane, and in other ' fire, and making much better coaYs— and that it is valuable communications published in your useful j a very valuable fuel for stoves. Perhaps it m.ay be paper, is highly laudable; and wc arc encouraged ranked with the best kind of soft maple to hope that a similar spirit will be more generally I estimating the relative value of various species of j es of /iue/ejices consisting entirely of fhtltonwooi diflfused. But it is not difficult to account for the ! trees to plant for fuel, it is evident we cannot ar- 1 planted four or five feet apart.and, when at a propi! tardiness of our countrymen in adoptinir improve- rive at correct conclusions by a simple comparison er age, lopped, or, as it is termed iu England ments of a permanent character ; such as appro- j of tl}3 comhustion of one with another. It seems ] splashed, which rendered them impervious to oa^ priating a portion of their farms to plantations of; necessary to inquire, what specie.i on a given por- , tie ; and the sprouts afforded a crop of fuel onci forest trees, and constructing their buildings with tion of land of the same fertility, can be made pro- j in eight or ten years. If planted around field^ more lasting materials. Although it might bo de- duclive in a given time, and at least expense, of; ten feet apart on a strong or moist soil, they wil monstrated that such a system would euhance the the greatest qu.antity oi' caloric or matter of heat J in a short time grow of sufficient size to allow i value of their estates more than any other they The fact however must bo assumed at present, and : being morticed for the admission of rails, and b| could pursue. ' from attentive observation on the growth and com- come perennial posts. But where such fenc I believe it will be ndmitted as a sound axiom that bustion of Buttonwood during the period above not required it may be good management to pla in any country, the exercise of the plough, the mentioned, I do not hesitate to declare my per- them near stone walls enclosing pastures and ot: tpade a.ni hoe, the halchet or hammer, mxist he sweet- feet conviction, that it will furnish results much . er fields "' ened by the prospect of reward not far di.^taiit, or more favorable than any tree our country produ- few v/ill be found to lake hold. The feelings o/ ces —except the Locust on dry soils, should its present ill, for such is toil, vwst be overbalanced by destructive enemy the Borer be extirpated. (mtei the hope of grasping future good ; and with a peo- [ They appear to be very suitable to & up vacancies in wood-lots and other unproductivi spaces, that it will not be difficult to find on almos every farm. Whether it will be found the most profitable system upon a large scale, to form entire planta tions of Buttonwood, or to mix it with other sni}*i I have lately been enabled to compare the growth pie whose habits and institutions are opposed to all ' of the sprouts of Buttonwood with those of white systems of entail or primogenit^tre, it ia \eiy ob- and black oak, hickory and chesnut, in the same vious that no small degree of patriolism, if not wood-lot — a stcfH of dry rocky land — the whole of j cies, experience only can decide. entlMsiasm, will be requisite to induce them to ex- which I cut off ten years before, and it appears | I remain, dear sir, tend their views to the perspective reward for plant- 1 that the Buttonwood will afford more than double ing acorns. Perhaps there is no branch odn-ernal the hulk of fuel than the three first mentioned, and improvement, where afircc^ and liberal /eg-i«/a aces late- the tree, and where the ground is well frozen, the propagated with more ease than any other tree of ly introduced, have caused an increased demund harder and deeper the better, and when the snow the forest ; and the speedy returns of fuel it will for charcoal in Boston and vicinity of more than'iO is well softened either by rain or sun, bank it up make to the planter, aflbrd encouragement that the per cent. And when the economy and conven- ! round the trunk of the tree, say three feet high, cultivation would become extensive, were its value , ience attending their use becomes more generally ■ and the same in width at bottom, like a small hay duly appreciated. From an impression that it is not, known, it is not improbable but that the demand cock, beat it down hard with your shovel, and then cover it well with swingle tow, if to be had, if not, with fine straw from the stable, or chip manure. — The snow thus thrown up will soon become solid have since been produced spontaneously, and I have I mence of planting, what is called in England, cup- \ ice, and if well covered, will continue until May, used considerable quantities for fuel during the \pire wood, that is, such as will grow of sufficient I when the s, ring frosts are gone. It has been gen size and make good charcoal if but cut offence in I am induced to state a few facts supported by ex- for that article will be much more increasing perience. I found great numbers of the Plane upon ' We may therefore reasonably infer, that the peri my estate upwards of thirty years ago, — many od is not far distant when the practice must corn- last twenty years. Those who have attended to the subject must be i about ten years. We have no information of the aware of the great diffi^rence in the quality of wood I quality of charcoal made of Buttonwood, but from of the same species or variety, depending on the j the appearance of the coals produced in an open soil, as well as the season when foiled ; hence may | fire place, I am of the opinion that it will prove arise various opinions as to its value for fuel. And | superior to chesnut and several other species now it is not improbable that a prejudice exists against Buttonwood, from attempts to burn it when green; for in that atate, if produced on deep moist soils, utrong clay loams, and river flats or interval, it is with difficulty ignited, and affords little heat. But r have observed such as had grown on dry sandy used for the purpose, and which are of slower growth. Should it be a fact, Buttonwood will oc- cupy a prominent station in the system ; — as a boy may collect in a single day, a sufficient quantity of crally thought that the killing of tender fruit trees is effected by the severity of the cold in winter, but that is a mistake — all the mischief arises from the frost in the spring ; peaches and apricots veg- etate very early, and when the sap rises it loosens the bark, and then a frost, as far as it will freeze through a limb or twig, so far it will kill it — but keep the ground frozen until late and not the least killing of limbs or twigs will be seen on any of your trees. It has also been said and believed, the seeds to plant some thousands of acres, — and j that on Connecticut River we could not raise it wilHArt»e on a greater variety of soils, perhaps, I peaches and apricots, for the winter would kill i>\. V.—No. 33. NEW ENGLAND FARiMER 261 ; but follow the above directions anJ I pledge 111 Jf you will not be ilisappointed. I know for gn tainty that peach trees in any good land on Connecticut will produce larger, fairer, and r flavored fruit than any hill lands. The most lit. )lc place for fruit trees is on the north side of ne wall — for in common seasons little care be used to keep the ground well frozen un- te in the spring, the sun in that situatinn will its full influence to ripen and sweeten the [Franklin Post.] CAMELS' HAIR, e obtain from a French paper the following concerning the manufacture of Camels' Hair, is not obtained by shearing, like sheep's wool, 3 shed spontaneously by the animal every , in the month of April, in largo mats, after ig protected it from the cold during the vvin- leasoD. The Tartars who accompany the ■ans collect them with care, load tlie animals their own cast off apparel. The young cam ield the finest hair ; and in its best state it is than the most beautiful Angola. The article tained from Africa, a great part of Asia, and e all from India. In Persia it is made into inest carpets. It is supposed that the Eng- spin it wet and deprived of oil. It is stated, single manufacturer in France has used a e quantity of camels' hair for several years ; the te.xture of his cloth makes it probable that ractices the mode adopted in England. Those have tried to manufacture it without extrac- tho oil, have not succeeded in spinning fine ads. H t Rouen it has been succe.ssfully nii.xed with ;0 3n, and stuffs made of it are much softer than :lr ordinary mi.\tures of cotton and viool. )me exertions are making in France to improve ■ extend this branch of Manufacture. [N. Y. D. Adv.] CURE FOR THE TOOTH-ACIIE. t a recent meeting of the London Medical So- i y, Dr Blake stated that the extraction or ex- I in of teeth was unnecessary. He was enabled, : ui, to cure the most desperate cases of tooth iiiless the disease was connected with iism, by the application of the following r< edy to the diseased tooth : — " Alum, reduced l( .n impalpable powder, two drachms; nitrous n it of fcther, seven drachms ; mix and apply ■ no to the tooth." Mr Fay, the American Den- , who was present, admitted, with much can- that in 95 cases out of 100, where surgeons dentists are applied to for the purpose of ex- ;tion, relief might be obtained without that, or n excision. It may, therefore, be worth while ,ry t;»* remedy prescribed by Dr. Blake, as un- : many of the nostrums of the present day, it mot do any harm, but it does not appear to pos- sthe character of a specific. NEW ENG LAND FARMER. p. .., BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 1827, ted lead for a few minutes, till it gets sulVieieiitly hot to melt a candle, with which rub its surface ; then plunge it in again and keep it there until the steel assumes a straw colour, (but he careful not to let it turn blue) ; when that is the c.ise take effects of climate on animals. it out, rub it again with the tallow, and lot it cool; To compensate the variations of the teasons a if it should be too sofV, wipe the grease off, and variety of changes take place in the circumstan repeal the process without the t-.illow, and when | ces of animals. The clothing of animals living in sutlicicntly hot, plunge it into cold spring water, | cold countries, is not only different from that of or water and vinegar mixed. ; the animals of warm regions in its quantity, but in By a proper attention to these di>TCtioi>9, and a ' 't'^ arrangement. If we examine the covering of little practice, every workman will have it in his swine of warm countrie.";, we find it consisting of power to give a proper temper to the tools he may , bristles or hair of the same form and texture ; use. while the same animals which live in colder dis- If a saw is too hard, it may bo tempered by the ' tricts, possess not only coimnon bristles or strong same meaus; if you are near a plumber's shop| h'"'- but a fine frizzly wool next the skin, over you may repeat the process conveniently ;\nd which the long hairs project. Between the swine without expense, when they are melting a pot of ; of the South of England, and Scottish Highlands, lead. I such differences maybe observed. Similar ap- In other cutting tools you must wait till the pfiaia"ces present themselves among the sheep of steel just begins to turn blue, which is a temper! warm and cold countries. The fleece of those of that will give it more elasticity, and, at the same England consists entirely of wool ; while the sheep time sufficient hardness. TO MECHANICS. The goodness of saws, chisels, and other edge- ■Is, depends upon the quality of the steel, whi -h )uld be uniform throughout, and it ig always het- to have them tempered rather too hard than soft, for use will reduce the temper. If", at Y time, you wish to restore the temper and to rform the operation yourself, the best method :o melt a sufficient quantity of lead to immerse 1: cutting part of the tool. Having previously >ghtened its surface, then plunge it into the mel- From the Salem Observer. LEHIGH COAL. My room is 18 feet long, 15 wide, and "^ high. I have burnt the Lehigh coal in this room in a cyl- indrical sheet iron stove, lined with pipe clay, and made in Philadelphia for this purpose. My room lias bren as warm as I desired ; I have not meas urej the heat by a Thermometer, but my friends have always found it comfortable and have often complained of its heat. One ton of Lehigh coal has furnished my fire for eighty days, beginning with the 24th of November last, with the addition of a small quantity of charcoal for kindling. For eiglit weeks of the time the fire has been kept b&rning all night. Cost of coal delivered, Breaking and housing, Charcoal, say 3 baskets, $8 50 50 GO ' $9 60 Which for eighty days is 12 cents per day ; that is a great part of the time twenty-four hours. — The coal has been used with the utmost freedom, and the time above named has included the coldest weather.- So much charcoal is not required,vhere the fire is not suffered to go out. I can make a fire of Lehigh coal, using charcoal for kindling, sooner than of wood ; and in point of general con- venience, it is in my view far superior to wood. — of Zetland and Iceland possess a fleece, contain- ing, besides wool, a number of long hairs, which give to it, when on the back of the animal the ap pearance of being very coarse. By this arrange ment, in reference to the quantity of clothing, iu- dividsals of the same species can maintain life comfortably in climates which differ considerably in their average annual temperature. FASHION IN FOOD. The animals which arc eagerly sought afler as articles of food by one tribe, are neglected and despised by another. Thus the seals and porpois- es, which, a few centuries ago, were eaten in Britain aiid were presented at the feasts of king.s- are now rejected by the poorest of the people. MANAfilMG AND FF.EDINO ANIMALS. Food for animals, though it must be supplied in abundance, ought not to be given to satiety. In- tervals of resting and exercise must be allowed ac- cording to circumstances. Even animals grazing on a rich pasture have been found to thrive faster when removed from it once a day, and either fold- ed or put in an inferior pasture for two or three hours. Stall fed cattle, and pen fed swine will have their flesh improved in flavour by being turn- ed out into a yard or field once a day ; and many find that they feed better, and produce better f3a- voured meat when kept loose under warm sheds, or hammels, one or two in a division, a practice now general in Berwickshire, Eng. Coarser food may be first given to feeding animals ; and as they Of its comparative cheapness, I leave it to others , acquire flesh, that which is of more solid and sub to judge from the above premises, Yours, respectfully, JVeiv Slate Qitarry — The Providence (R.I.) Journal mentions that a quarry of Slate Stone, such as is used for covering roofs of buildings has been lately discovered near the coal mine on Rhode Island. The quantity is inexhaustible, and can be got from the quarry at a small expense, and of any size less than 3 or 4 feet square. It is said to be very tough, and the plates are about a quarter of an inch in thickness. As the quarry is situated very conveniently for water transportation, its di.scovery may be expected to have some effect on the price of an article of great importance. In 1825 $30,000 worth of cider was exported from the town of Orange, N.J. B. B. Cooper, Esq. has upwards of 10,000 apple trees. stantial quality. In general it may be observed, that if the digestive powers of the animal are in a sound state, the more food ho eats the sooner will the desired result be obtained ; a very mod- erate quantity beyond sufficiency constitutes abun- dance ; but by withholding this additional quanti- ty, an animal, especially if young, may go on eat- ing for several years, without ever attaining to fatness. Properly treated, a well fed ox, of moder- ate size, will feed on a rich pasture in from four to six months, and in stalls or covered pens, with green or steamed food in a shorter period. In young growing animiils, the powers of diges- tion are so great, that they require less food than such as are of mature age ; for the same reason also they require more exercise. If rich food is supplied in liberal quantities, and exercise with- held, diseases are generated, the first of which •262 NEW ENGLAiND FARMER. March 0, It^uri may be excessive fatness ; growth is iifipeded by very 'rich food, for experience thows that the coarsest fed nnimals Imve uniformly tlie largest , bones. Common sense will suggest the propriety of preparing a medium course between very rich and very poor nutriment. Xvlaslication and Cooking. — Unless food be thor- oughly deprived of its vegetative powers before it enters the stomacli, the wliole nouristimtnl which it is capable of affording cannot be derived from it. In the case of the leaves and stalks of vegetables, this is in general effected by mastication ; but it requires some care to accomplish it in the case of grains. Hence the advantage of mi.xmg corn giv- en to horses or cattle with chaff or cut straw ; and hence it is supposed by some the intention of na ture, in the instinct which fowls have to swallow small stones is directed to the same object. But the jiost effectual mode of destroying the living principle, is by the application of heat ; and if vegetable food oi every liind could be steamed or boiled before it was given to animals (at least in the animal becomes reconciled to such a state, a each other. Where many are suckled,there( retarded circulation, and general decay or diminu- tion of the vital energies takes place. cows AND CALVES. Where butter is the principal object, such cows should be cliosen as are known to afford the best and largest quantities of milk and cream, of what- ever breed they may be. But the quantity of but- ter to be made from a given number of cows must always depend on a variety of contingent circumstances ; such as the size and goodness of the beasts; the kind and quantity of the food; and the distance of time from calving. As to the first, it need hardly be mentioned that a large cow will give greater store of milk than one of small- er si/e ; though cows of equal size differ as to the quantity of cream produced from the milk ot each: it is, therefore, in those cows whose milk is not only in large abundance, but which from a pecu- liar inherent richness yields a thick cream, that the butter dairy-man is to place his chief depend not to be more than half a do. en in one pen. feet cleanliness and dry straw are necessary j a calf that becomes dirty should be washed with soap suds, and well dried ; as any filth fered to adhere to their coats will impede thrivint;-." Deane's New England Farmer says, " calves arc designed for veal, they should be tijj from the cow the next day after they are calj Let them suck only two teats during the week; three during the second, and let them I the whole of them during the third and fol weeks; and then kill them. If they have alll milk at first, they will grow so fast that theyj soon need more than all. The natural cod quences is, that they will grow lean, and not| fit for veal. Many kill them at three w«| old; but the veal is not commonly so good, 1 the skins of calves so young are but of little] winter, and for fattening to slaughter, or feeding !enc<^; and wnere a CO c JU1 1 1 V ■.. • I J u ui u I these, she s ion (1 be parted v.itli, and her place for edible products) It 1.^ rendered probable by an- '"'t-a"' -"^ ^""" P" >^ alojjy and experiment, that much more nourish- ment would be derived from it. Salt, it appears from various experiments, may be advantageously given to most animals, in very small quantities; it acts os a whet to the appetite, promotes the secretion of bile, and, in general, is favourable to health and activity. In this way only can it be considered as preventing or curing dis- eases ; unless perhaps in the case of w orms, to which all saline and bitter substances are said to be injurious. That degree of heat which has by habit, and the breeding from successive generations in a cold cli- mate,become natural to aiiimals,is necessaryto their well being ; and a somewhat increased degree in the cold months, or diminished degree in such as are oppressively warm, in advantageous in the fat- tening process. Where a sutFicient degree of warmth to promote the ordinary circulation of the blood is not produced by the natural climate, or by exercise, it must be supplied by an artificial cli- mate. Houses and sheds arc the obvious resourc- es, both for this purpose, and for protection from the extremes oftvealher. Cold rains and northerly winds are highly injurious by depriving the exter- nal surface of the body of caloric more rapidly than it can be supplied from vritnin Dy respiration, and the action of the stomach ; and also by con- tracting the pores of the skin so as to impede cir- culation. When an animal happens to shed its covering whether of hair,wool or feathers, at such inclement seasons, the effect on its general health is highly injurious. The excessive heats of sum- mer,by expanding all the parts of the animal frame occasion a degree of lassitude, and want of ener- gy even in the stomach and intestines, and while the animal eats and digests legs food than usual, a greater waste than usual takes place by perspira- tion. Nature has provided trees, locks, caverns, hills and waters, to moderate these extremes of heat and weather, and man imitates them by hov- els, sheds, and other buildings, according to partic- ular circumstances. Good air and water may seem unnecessary to insist on ; but cattle and horses, and even poultry, pent up in close buildings, where there are no fa- cilities for a change of the atmosphere,often suffer on this account. A slight degree of fever is pro- duced it first, and after a time, when the habit of When calves are to be reared, some pe| deficient in either of .j,,,,,, to run with.or at least to suck the cow Ikij supplied by one more proper for this use Where cheese is the principal object, the man- agement in respect to the covvs must be the same. When the object is the suckling of calves the farmer should provide himself with a breed of cows suited to the quality of his land Large cattle for rich soil, and consequent plenty of cattle-food and vice versa. For suculing calves, cows ara wanted which oive a large quanlily of milk, the yuality being considered of less consequence. Indeed it is said that rich milk ia not the most proper for calves, as it is apt to clog their stomachs. "A deep milker," says Mr Lawrence, " in the first flush of her milk, will give a sufiicient quantity for two or more young small calves, but if circumstan- ces demand that part of the cow's milk be reserv- ed for butter, the last, which is the richest of the milk should be reserved; the thinnest or first milk being sufficiently nourishing for the calf; and if the calves should be suckled three times instend of only twice a day, allowing them still but the came quantity, there is no doubt, but the milk.in a smaller quantity would set much easier on their stomachs, and contribute more to their speedy nu- trition ; for the chief reason of their almost con- stant suffering from acidity and crudities subsists in the great load w hich is at once laid upon the calves' stomachs, after many hours of abstinence and pining. It requires considerable caution at first suckling of calves that their stomachs be not overcharged, in which case, obstruction puts an entire stop to tbcir thriving, and is even fatal, as I have too often experienced ; their stomachs must be inured by degrees to quantity of milk, nor should the calves be suffered to suck their fill, till towards the latter part of their time." "The calve-pens should be in convenient prox- imity to the cow-stalls, warm for the winter seas- on, since all young animals require \yarmth, which in fact is a constituent part of their nourish ment, and possessing the moans of ventilation in the summer. The bottom of the pen shoidd be perforated boards, or at least sloping ones, that the urine may be discharged, and conveyed to the proper reservoir. Where only two or three calves are suckled, it is better to keep them sep- arate, and they will lie quietly by themselves, if suckled three times a day; but when in company they will sometimes get the ill habit of sucking ing the first season, and it is a prevalent opii that they are improved by it. It is, however, ce i tain that the best raisers of valuable stock in En, land and even here do not concur in this seal ment. Experience has shown that the finest pog ble animals have been raised in great numbw without taking any milk from the cow after thti days. They may go with the cow the first thli or four days. They should have milk more or for about twelve weeks. They may be fed skimmed milk, or water porridge, after the fortnight ; or hay tea may be mixed with milk ; or their milk may be mixed with meal water. After a calf has sucked or drank mil the space of a month, take some of the fresi and sweetest hay, and put little wisps of it some cleft sticks, stuck np in such a manner he can easily come at them, and he will soon li to eat. " If skim milk is given to calves, it shoul boiled and suffered to stand till it cools to the ti perature of that first given by the cow. It is b( ter boiled than when warmed only. If the mi be given too cold it will cause the calf to purg If this is the case, put two or three spoonfuls runnet in the milk and it will stop the loosenef If the calf is boun I, pork broth is said to be a sa thing to put'into their milk. " It is not true that calves are best weane grass ; and the reaaofl assigned is both unfounj and absurd, vi/,. that when raised on hay, they come big bellied. They do not in fact become They are much more docile when raised in tt barn, thrive much faster and are as lively ; at even if their bellies did grow larger we are yi to learn that such a circumstance would be a blen ish in a milch cow. It is thought by many tot an excellent mark." The following mode of raising calves is practfc ed by the religious society denominated Shaktr at Canterbury, N. H. It is extracted from a con mnnication from Mr Winckley, received by favoii of Mr Bartlott, of Warner, N. H. and published i the Now England Farmer, vol. iii page •305. W republish it because the method adopted appear to us to be judicious, and may be new, in some t its details, to many of our recent subscribers "We let calves that came in the fore part t March, suck about a week or ten days, then tak them from the cow, giving them a moderafr- sllov, i A. \ .—No. 33. NRW EN (I LAND FARMEK! 263 I'aeiV ciiilK lo drink till l.ioy tjuvo It-ii-iii to ;o ipply no fty|is.iiii or oficr nr.ui.rf, tiil Uic biirk- it freoly ; then put in some skinimel milk ; wiiojit is off. .). Whfiii the cinanlity sown is small, fopd t.licm vvliolly on skininieil milk, taking; and the fiirmcr can afford to lose a crop, to }>ive to cive it at about the temperature of milk di- the ground one turn in the autumn, anotlior in tnken from the cow ; by heatin!^ a part of April, harrowinfj fine, and a third tho beginiug of J mixing it with the rest. Care should be May, nnd then if the weather he mild and warm, I not to scald the milk when heated ; also not sow if the ground he in perfect tilth, otherwise ve iheni any sour milk, for tliis will make give it another ploughing. scour. The trough or vessel in whicli they Wlien lucerne turns yellow it should be mowed, their milk, should be kept clean and not suf- and the plants will come up free from the disor- to get sour. ; der. [Deane's New England Farmer.] Vc let the milk stand about 12 hours, before j kimraed ; giving a calf at first about four s night and morning ; increasing the mess ed requires, till he is si.v: weeks old, from 1 lime till ten weeks old, he will raquire per- about twelve quarts per day. /hen about ten weeks old. we begin to diniin- c quantity of milk for about the space of two weeks, at which time we wean them. — VlNEvJAR. The method of making this liquid out of cider, wine, &,r.. is too generally known to need any de- scription ; but it is not so generally known that a very sharp vinegar may also be made out of whey. The method of making it, as described by Mr. Genet, is very simple. ' After having clarified the whey, it is poured r' ,' r ^ . <• . ^ '"'o casks with some aromatic plants, or elder- ng the whole process from two to lourteen , , , •> ti f. . i i ■ ;s old, calves should be well supplied with blossoms, as suits the fancy, and exposed in open ,, J J u t, .„k„-t 'I" t" the sun, where it soon acquires an unconi- hav, salt ana provender ; such as oats, wheat <-■,■,, ■';.,, , „ ., u ij 1 °'on degree oi acidilv. and oil-cake ground fine ; they should also ,,■ " , •, , ~ ^, ■ ■ ^ , ,. . .., /. V 4 .•.! 1 <• ; .!,„ Vinegar may also be made from the luice ofel- pplied with scurf or dirt tliough scurf IS the , ». ■'. . . J . •^^ . , . ,. ■ . der hemes, mixed with a suitable proportion of which is a preventive against scouring ' , , ,, ^ i- ,■ , , . . 1 J • 1 <•„„ water, and exposed to the sun, as before raention- ae particular advant;iges to be derived from , ,^ S , j r .l ■ ■ i- .. , .,,<•. . » 41 (•„ii.,...:„~ . 6''- " may aiso be made irom the luice of the .bove method of treatment are the following : ,, i i- u <• .u t , -.^ • i i j , . , , ,, I 1 . n .,°i. hlack-uirch, or of the maple, when either 13 boiled It is much cheaper than to let them suck n- • .i r .V ■ • ru » down sufnciently ; or from the juice of beets, car- rots, turnips, potatoes, &c. when boiled and the juice pressed out and exposed in like manner. [Farmer's Assistant.] c ordinary way ; whereas it makes a great ig of cream for butter, and that without injur- he calves, if they are properly attended to. It prevents calves from moaning, or pining so } „ ,,,„ ^ 1 while weaning, as they would otherwise do, ) ^^sgat Kenrick JVurserii. 1 taken from the cows. . \ ^^^M. FRUIT A.\D KORKST TREES for sale . It not only prevents the cows being injured ; '^0^^^ as usual uear the Biighlon Post Office.— nsequence of the calves biting the teats ; but '■ .^^JL-^ 'I'he Nursery contains a good varielyof Eng- prevei.U their holding back their miik frd* ' lis'' ■h«'-ry Trees ; and of Fear tree", fror., v.hich gen - •^ .,, , ■ , c . J' • • u .u tli-me!i who seasonably apily can ootain s.iinples ol miiker, which often serves to dimin.h ,the. ,„„^,„fMr Kuight's newsorts, sohighly recommend- afterwards. The only disadvantage to be ^^ ;,j ^^^. Agricultural Journal. Also many thousands A in the above method of treatment is that it of budded apple trees ot superior kinil?, good size, and ores some more labour to feed them, where allowed l.y all to be very thrifty ami handsome. Sev- thrive equally well in every respect, as those eral thousands of budded Peach trees, consisting of a , , ^ •'... , . r :„ iu„ „,.!;„,■.,• choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts discover- hich are permitted to suck in the ordinary . ^^^ ._^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^^^ . ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^_,^^^ ^^.^ ^^^^ I 5 to 8 f'( t high, and the buyer has his choice at 30 . , ^ ~ 7~^ ~ ~Z „ ,, ' cents each ; there are likewise plenty of Apricots and .ipid Giuwth of the Plane Tree, or Button . jjectarines. id Samuel W. Pomeroy, Esq. has sent to the , of good sized Ornamental trees, the Flowering Cat e of the New England Farmer, a block, cut alpas. and Horse Chesnut — the Mountain Ash — Weep 1 a sprout of a stump of Button wood, whicli is inches in circumference, and was part of a k or stem 32J feet high. The same stump uced 10 more sprouts of nearly the same di- sions, all the growth of nine years ! LUCERNE, M'diiago Sativa. some experiments made by the Hon. Rob- It. Livingston, recordel in the Transactions t .Agricultural Socittij of jWw York, it appears with good cultivation, and abundant manuring, :i six lo nine tons of hay may be obtained from icre of this grass in a season. The ground t be highly pulverized to insure a good crop, enty pounds of seed are required for an acre wn in broadcast, six pounds if drilled. It an- rs very well with red clover, and is not in- :d by the cold or the changes of our climate. Ir L. advises !;s the result of his experiments, Vever to sow on ground that is not perfectly .'erized. 2. Not to sow till the ground has uired a degree of warmth friendly to vegeta- , viz. in May. 3- To sov.r with no crop that ]irobahly lodge. 4. If sown with buck-wheat, Willow — Silver Tir — L;irch — Sugar maple — But- ternut, fcc. Currant bushes, — the common red of all sizes, by the dozen, hundred, or thousand, on moder- ate terras. — Also the large Dutch White, and Red; — the Champaine :tnd the Black. — R.ed, White and Damask Rose bushes. — Senna, Gum Acacia, English "rapes, — Reel and White Antwerp Raspberries, &c. This Nursery, wilhin six miles of Boston and so eas- ily viewed stands in no need of that incessant praise, the interested and artful lavish on some distant Nur- series, which they well know are located in a vrrong direction for supplying people in these Northern Slates. For it is an established maxim, of which they cannot be ignorant, that trees of rapid growth ought not to be robbed of their roots in the fashionable way and remov- ed from a tnild t» a colder situation, — but the reverse. However, Yankee sagacity is not easily outwitted, hence experienced Agriculturisls as far south as Rhode Island, give a decided preference to trees from North" ern Nurseries. Orders addressed to J. & W. Kenrick, and sent to the Brighton post office, or left at the office of Dana fc Fenno in State Street, will be duly attended to ; and trees will be packed in clay and matts for shipping when ordered ■, but distant gentlemen should always employ some agrnt to receive and pay for them. On Satur- days, packed trees will be delivered in Boston free of charge for conveyance. In transjdantinj, one year's growth is frequently lost, i! ;hi: Ir IS happen to survue, by au unreasonable diniiuulion of the roots, Ihen lore special care shall be laken for their preservalioo. If. March 9. Further sicppl;/ of Seeds. ^~ .lust received al the Karm'er office and AgricuUnral Establishment, No 52 North Market street, Boston. 24 bushels early seedling Peas, various kin.ls ^» " Canary seed , 1 ^' Rape seed, 1 " Hemp seed, G " Early Potatoes, Early Yellow six Weeks Beans Dun coloured ditto Warrington Dwarf ditto Refugee or ibousand told dillo Uhite Cluster Dwarf ditto White Kidney dillo. Silver .Skin union 20 lbs. White ■' aO lbs. Red " Potato " I barrel of sweet Carolina Potato slips. _ For sale, wholesale and retail. March i'. ~ JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's .N''irsery at Flushing, on Long Island, near .Vcw: York. IN belialf of the proprietors of the above nursery, the subscrilicr solicits I'.ie orders of horticiUturists who may be desirous of ^tock- i;;g Ihi-rgurdens and fields with fruit trees r.f the finest sorts and most healthy and vigorous stocks the present autumn. R1.00DG00D& Co. attend personally lo the inoculating and engrafting of all their frxiit trees, and purchasers may rely with confidence that the trees they order will prove genuine. The subscriber, agent of the above nursery, will re- ceive orders for any quantity of FRUIT AND FOREST TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, A.ND PLANTS. And the trees will be, SALE, the very valuable farm ofthe late James Gilchrisi, Esq. situatid in Chnrlestown, N, H. on the lower meadows, so called, of the Connecticut river, and formerly belonged to Col. Asabel Hunt. This Farm consists of 385 acres of Land, of which 70 are meadow, ol the first quality, and in a slate of high cultivation; the remaining 316 are upland, and con- si't chiefly of pasture and woodland ; the whole mak- ing one entire piece. The House is large and comtno- dious, well furnished with all needful and convenient out buildings, and in excellent repair. It is beautifully situated, between the great riverroad and the bank of the Connecticut, on a swell of land rising out ofthe meadow. The barns are large and numerous, conveniently placed, and have been thoroughly repaired wilhin fhree years. One large barn has been built within that time. , Persons wishing to purchase such a place, are invi- ted to look at this. — Terms and further particulars may be known on application to Mrs SUSAN GILCHRIST, on the premises, or to S. G WILLIAMS fc CO. Boston Barley. 2250 Bushels of Barley, of a superior quality, for seed, and in lots to suit purchasers. — Now landing from Brig Sultana from Smyrna, and for sale by EBENEZER BREED, No 6i Dock Square. March 9. 264 NEW ENGLAND FARIVIER. March 9, 1827. ?»= ]M;zscsi.i.Amx:s. MAN AND WOMAN. MAN is the rug^ged lolly pine, That frowns on many a wave-beat shore : Woman 'a the slender graceful vine. Whose curling tendrils round it twine, And deck its rough bark sweetly o'tr. Man is the rock whose towering crest Nods o'er the mountain's barren side ; Woman 's the soft and mossy vest. That loves to clasp its sterile breast, And wreath its brow in verdant prid'" Man is the cloud of coming storm, JJark as the raven's murky plume ; Save where (he sun-beam light and wan-.i. Of woman's soul, and woman's form, Gleams brightly o'er the gathering gloom. within and without, is so gre;it that the glass is covered on the inside with several inches of frost, and in that situation it is less luminous than ice. The timber of the houses splits and opens with loud cracks — the rivers thunder and open with broad fissures — all nature groans beneath the rigours of winter." Extract from Carter's Letters from Europe. Agriculture of Lucca — The fields on either hand are so tnauy gardens, every foot of which ia manured and cultivated to the highest degree, by an overstocked population. Not a tendril of the vine, not a plant nor a blade of corn is suffered to be out of its place, or to occupy more ground than is just sufficient for its support. The peasantry of both se.\es are always in the fields, sometimes ap- parently only to watch the growth of plants under their charge, which they feed and nurse with more care than th«y do their children. They mix manure with water in casks, forming a sort of nutricious pap, which they ladle out daily in exact proportions, for the food of vegetables. To the American farmer, who is lord of his hundred or his thousand acres, this exactness might seem piddling business, but here it is absolutely necess- ary, that every rood should maintain its man. It would take btit few such farms, such as are found in the interior of New York, to cover the whole Duchy of Lucca, which contains only 320 square i miles, more than half of which consists of barren mountains, incapable of tillage. Yet this territory has a population of 120,(l!J0, who depend chiefly on the cultivation of the soil for support. The richness of the lanc'scape bears ample testimony to their hone«t industry, and to the utmost nicety in the modo of culture. Females who never saw festoons of silk or damask are engaged in adjus- ting festoons of vines, stretching from tree to tree in waving and graceful wreaths. It is told of ths late Earl of Strathmore that he was suddenly awakened at night in his carriage, by a highwayman, who, ramming a pistol through the w indow, and presenting it close to his breast, demanded his money, exclaiming at the same time that he had heard thit liis Lordship had boasted that he would never be robbed by ^ single high- wayman, but that he should now be taught the contrary. — His Lordship putting liis liand into his pocket, replied — "Neither would I now be r-'j- bed, if it were not for that fellow -.s licj is lookiajr over your shoulders." The hi_'h--vaym:in turued round his head, when his Lordship, wl-.o had drawn a pistol from his pocket, instead of a purse, shot him on the spot. Mind. — No state can be more destitute than that of a person who, when the delights of sense forsake him, has no pleasures of the mind. — Burg. Social Intercourse. — From social intercourse are derived some of the highest enjoyments of life ; where there is a free interchange of sentiments the mind acquires new ideas, and by a frequent exercise of its powers, the understanding gains fresh vigor. — .Addison. Spirits. — It is a Spanish maxim, that he who los- eth wealth Inseth much ; he who loseth a friend loseth more ; but he that loseth his spirits loseth all. Time. — Much may be done in those little shred.s and patches of time, which every day produces, and which most men throw away, btit which nev- ertheless will make at the end of it no small de- duction from the life of man. Cicero has termed them ititercessiva tempora, and the ancients were not ignorant of their value ; nay, it was not un- usual with them either to compose or to dictate while under the operation of rubbing after the bath. Winter in Siberia. — Mr. Ledyard, a native 6f Connecticut, who traversed some of the dreary regions of Russia, in a letter to Dr. Ledyard of Long Island, wrote as follows ; " You have no idea of the excessive cold in the region of Siberia. By experiments that I made at Yakutsky, I found on the U»th of November the Mercury in my thermometer froze. In December, I found by repeated observations, that two ounces of clear quicksilver openly exposed, froze hard in fifteen minctes. I observed that in these severe frosts the air was condensed, as it is with you in a thick fog — the atmosphere is fro?,en — respira- tion is fatiguing, &c. It is a happy law of nature, that in such intense cold there is seldom any wind — when there is it is dangerous to be abroad. " There are no wells at Yakutsky ; for it ia found by experiment that the w ater freezes at six- ty feet deep. People of these regions are there- , fore obliged to use ice and snow. They have also ice windows, glass is of no use to the few who have it ; the difference in tiie state of the air, Trouble not yourself with wishing that things may be just as you would have them, but be well pleased they should be just as they are, and then you will live easy. — Epictelus. Written at the End of his Bible by Sir William Jones. — The scriptures contain, independently of a divine origin, more true sublimity, more exquisi- te beauty, pure morality, more important history, and ijfer strains both of poetry and eloquence, than can be collected within the same compass from all other books that were ever composed in any age or in any idiom. The two parts of which the scriptures consist are connected by a chain of compositions which bear no resemblance in form of style to any that can be produced from the stores of Grecian, Indian, Persian, or even Arabian learn- ing. The antiquity of these compositions no man doubts ; and the unrestrained application of them to evenl.-i long subsequent to their publication, is a solid ground of belief, th 4 they were genuine predictions, and consequently inspired. Never write a letter when in a pwsion. 1, Linnaian Botanic Garden and .Yursery, {jvi ^-. ^ Ti"^ subscribers give n •jJ4 '^■«^" ^"^^ that they have been appoi lci?J'^^ -'-■''r^^' ^°'<' ageuts for this vicinity ^ ' W^ the Linnoe-m Boianic Ga ^ - i "■" Sid Nursery, at f lushing, ^j. ' "t-'-j Island. 'I'his Nursery is known, and contains the extensive collection ofK i'ijy^ ^ O.-namenlal Trees, and PI '^~W^ / i" .America. The f ruits ., (i^ been selected by actual ia] fa^^ tigation of their merits. Inch are engrafted from btaring treei tion, which has been the particular suit of Mr PlilN'CE and his father for more than century, he has spared neither pains uor expense,; such as did not possess particular merit ha >e beei ji-cted and their accuracy has been tested by Ihi .Hulhors of the age. In the present catalogue he offers above 500 ne rit ties of I'Vuits not to be found in any nlher coUei in Anieiica, and which include the most cclebj kinds that liavi within a few years past been bri into notice and recomjnendid by those dislinguj florliculturalists, Van Mons i Duquesene, and Knight, President of the Uorlirultural Society of; don. In regard to the character and accuracy of the Ffoi sent from this establishment, the propiieior refers the Hon. Jonathan Hunewell, ?nd other gt-nilemen Boston and its vicinity, who have patronized his egb lishmeut for the last fifty years, and particularly uM fruit of the various kinds with which the Boston dl ket is now supplied from the extensive collection trees furnished the late Dr Oliver Smith, Secretary the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, who, than thirty years since, had sev. lal thousand treei nually, which were distributed among the membi that Association. It may perhaps be deemed wi of notice that near 100 varieties of the fruits offeri sale, by the proprietor, are different from those vated by other establishments under the same j and the identity of every fruit sent by him, the proj tors expressly guarantees. 0;5=\\eare authorized and requested by Mr P: to say, that the allusion in another advertisemeni nurseries whose trees have their roots trimmed oi much, can have no reference to trees sent from; nursery. Catalogues maybe obtained gratis of the subscril and orders left at the New Kngland Farmer office Agricultural Establishment, No. 52 North Mi street, (if from a distance, post paid) will meet p: attention. JOS. R. NEWRLL, JOHN B. RUSSELL, TO FARMERS—To let, a farm containing 35 aj of land, a large and comfortable house, barn. &c. land is of good quality, and of easy cultivation, are on the place a variety of choice young fruit which are just beginning to bear ; also 10 acres ofi meadow, on which could be cut enough fuel foi family, and is an excellent manure. Said farm is I aleil in Cambridge, about 4 miles from Boston ami The terms will be on a lease fr»m six to ten years, first year's rent to be expended for manure, and a aft'-rwards to be laid out in the same manner et y ar. — The above offers a desirable opportunity la intelligent, thorough and cnterprijing farmer. Noj but who can bring recommendations as being such' apply. THOMAS BREWER, 416 Washington Memoirs of the P. A. S. JUST received and for sa'e by Hilliard, Gray &^ No 1.34 Washington street, a new supply of the J* moirs of the Pennsyhania Agricultural Socii Iv, selections from the mo5t approved authors, ada to the US'- of the practical farmers of tbf United St| ()i7=Published everv Friday at Three Ilollars pera num, paya'rie at the end of the year — I ut those r pay within sixty days from the lime of subscribing^ entitled to a deduction of F'ifty Cents. Gentlemen who -prncoxiijirt responsible subscriber are entitled 'o a s'trlh volume gratis. New snliscribers can be furnished witli the preceeiKk ing numbers of the current volume. NEW ENGLAND FARMER.. OL. V. Piiblislied by Jony U. Russell at .No. '<> Noitli Mnrkot St rcet, (oppositn Faniieil Hall) — Thomas G. Fessendkw, Editor BOSTON, FRIDAY, MAIU H 1671827 No. 31. ► lilGlNAL PAPERS. tracts for purchases are made miiiiy months bolbre the delivery con tnlie place, u|)on th-.' 'lo eiidance of roceiviiitj the accustomed (piility without fear of disappointminit, so ali\e are they to the neces- rOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. iSILK. R Fesse.vden — The inanufactiue of that no- nrticle, silk, which has engaged lately the at- ion of Government, is one of tlie greatest ini- ance ; that produce alone will make a nation 't is worthy of remark that as you descend south Ilhy. Italy, though frequently laid waste by into Italy, the.'jnhabitanls are found to be mor , has He'edcd but few years' respite, to repair i bi;.otted and ignorant, and in the same propor- osscs and rank again among the rich ; owing |-''"n 'he qnality of the silk becouies more inferior, fly to the quantity of silk made there. No ""t'l that of tSc kingdom of Na])Ies and Sicily, .-r nation consumes so greaf an amount of for- j compared to the silks of Piedmont, looks almust 1 woollen and cotton goods and hardwares, in M'ke pack thread. The effect of the climate is not portion to. its pop'.ilation, for which they pay I ^'^^^ remarkable ; the northern silk is the stipng- gethcr with their silks and oil, but chiefly witii'Pst and the most elastic ; that of the poutli the silks. most porous, soft and brilliant. The silk of Pied- mont has the best staple, and there, what is rais- ed on the high hills, where the air is lively, is much superior to that of the plain. The nature of the waters has also a great influence on the quali- ty of the silk ; limpid, soft, quick waters are very favorable. other central situ.ition, with plantaTui.s of mulber- ry trees, and a filnture under the most approved system ; they will then want amnn to superintend- th" whole, an ' that man should be the best he Italians hold the silk trade as a noble and ileged employment, on that account their no- families engage in it, who would be looked n as degraded if they were concerned in mer- tile affairs of any other denomination. Thus ia;mense capital has been engaged in the fila- os, and developea that branch of industry to a sanlry and carried tor sale to the open market other articles- of produce. There they are ght up by those individuals who keep filatures, ere the cocoons are wound into raw silk, and importa ice of the filature is known by the nber of boilers which they keep at work Tie of those establishments are of great magni sity of keeping unblemished the reputation of j formed and the most intelligent which could be tlfeir filatures. 1 he difference of value between found in the tilatures of Piedmont And his fcel- the finest & the coarsest organzme is about thirty i„gs, permanency and ambition, should be made per^ccnt. ^^ ^* ^ ^^ ^ ^ | to concentrate by bringing him over the Atlantic on a golden bridge ; If the wliolo expense of such undertaking should be c.nc million of dollars, ii would he after a while but a trifling percentage upon the^'hi^py results all over the union. Such establishmeiit would become a model for erectin-f other filatures, and the head quarters for informa'- tion for all the minulie belonging to the business of roaring and nviking silk. In Italy it is the custom to get the moth to de- posit her seed on sinall pieces of scarlet cloth, and when the appointed time comes, the .vomen' place these pieces of cloth within their bosom. The genial warmth after a certain regular number of days briiigs the seed into life. If the mulberr3 leaves, happen not to be developed yet, they make I lise of young lettuce, but that food will not sui; Ihe manufacture of silk has been attempted at | the worms long. It is apt to give them a relax reat e.xtent. The cocoons are raised by theJ ^'^'■'°"s periods in Switzerland, and to this day ome very excellent is made in the canton of Zu rich. Some sixty years ago the thing was at- tempted at Geneva, and very good silk made, but the industry of the country running in a full^stream upon the watch manufactory, and printing 'of cali- coes, the new undertaking was hut faintly pursued and the mulberry trees left at last to encumber e and will turn out yearly several hiindretl, ..Vh? ground. Some idea of the immense, wealth e» of raw silk. The fineness of. the silk is awn by the number of cocoons wound into one ead. The finest silk is made by winding to ther the threads oC four cocoons, and is made Piedmont and in the State of Genoa. The arsest is made in Calabria and Sicily, it will Ike the threads of 20 to 60 cocoons. Two reads of raw silk being thrown together make a irp, and if by the machinery each thread re ivcs a separate twist, beside the twist which ifes them together, it is denominated an organ- ne or thrown silk. ' achinery which works silk into organ- nes is complex, and very expensive, it works by ater. The most perfect Organzino Mills are to ? found in Piedmont ; in 181)0 there'were one jndred and eleven great Organ: ine Mills in iedmont owned by fifty-one companies, and they anufactured in common years 4ti(i2 bales of Or an;,ines of 100 lbs. each. Besides those were any small mills, which together might turn out nhualiy several hundred bales. There arc also a umber of mills in Lombardy, and in the Venetian tales, at Bergamo and Brescia,but the organ^ines ley make are much inferior to those of Piedmont. 'he fineness of a Piedmont organ;ine is deteru.in- d by the weight of a certain number of yards, nd it is denominated by the number of grains hich they weigh. The finest organzine which is lade, is 18 to 20 grains, and goes by that name ; le coarsest seldom exceeds 40 to 45 grains ; the recision with which business is conducted, is ich, that the produce of each mill is of the same neness and qtiaHty from year to year, and con- •«»1;ich It?.ly receives by her silks may be formed from nine months' importation into London, in the year 1799, from the ports of that country, which was no less than 837202 lbs. of orsanzines, and 9773.5 lbs. of raw silk: at the present tin'o there is which destroys their life. The best soil to raise the White Mulberry is a . deep loam, not too dry, and if it is now land, or if old, well manured,lhe growth will be the quicker. The mo,st easy way of making a plantation is, af. ter laying out such piece of soil, and preparing i; properly, to open shallow drills at ten feet dis- tance from each other, then cutting some pieces of rope of the same length as the drills, and after filling the hard with some ripe fruit to rub it over' the rope.'Hf/^tfi^^hp fruit and seeds should stick round it. Then place such a piece of r.pi>e into each drill, crn-er it over, and close the ground wei; either with a hand roller, or with the hoe. Thfi no doubt but the English market requires a much best kind of rope to use should be one made of less quantity of Italian silk, because their filatures in Bengal have been so vastly i.iiprovcd as to sat- isfy their wants almost completely. About sixty years ago the Bengal silks were very coarse and inferior.; they were reeled in skeins of an enor- mous length, which required extra machinery to wind them. The East India Company being desirous to in- troduce the Italian system in their filatures, they took into their employ a Mr Baiimgartner of Geneva, who had been superintendent of n large filature in Piedmont, he went to IncHa, and being a man of great activity and intelligence he made considerable progress in effecting the views oi the Company. However the climate did not sur his constitution, and he was under the necessity to return, and was succeeded by his friend and townsman Mr Wiss. These two men laid the foundation of that surprising progress which the company's filatures have made, and furnish them now with silks equal to any of European growth. They both retired to London, each with a life an- nuity of eight hundred pounds. When the government of the United States get to be in full earnest about introducing with us the growth of silk, they will, no doubt; find it to be the quickest and most effectual way to form a na- tional silk establishment at Washington, or semerth loose yarn, and if the plantation should happen to be made in spring, the dry seed could be mixed with some gelatinous matter, such as thin paste made of wheat flour or rye meal. When the young plants came up they should be thinned to a proper distance, preserving those which appear most vigorous. They should be kept free A-om weeds, and hoed frequently. Potatoes or other vegfetablos might be cultivated between the rows. The second or third year the plantation might be ready for moderate use, and the sickle lised to gather young shoots as they are wanted. After the plants are cropped now shoots will soon come up, and by proportioning the plantation to. the number of worms intended to be kept, the first row might be ready for a second crop by the time that the sickle had gone over the piece — These matters experience will determine, and they will vary according to the soil and the cli mate of the spot where the filature is to be estab lished. This mode of planting is most suitable because it saves the tedious and slow operation of picking leaves from the trees, and using of lad der.s and basketsu These notes I offer you, sir, with some diffi- dence, because they are the recollection of infor mation obtained many years ago, but slight as ey are, the business with us being new, the*' 268 may perhaps amuse some of your leaders. I siiail cloee Ly offering it as my opinion tliat when the United States como to bo a silk growing country, which will be in the course of a few years, New England will turn out tht? silk of the best staple, the most even, the most clean, the most perfect', because of her hills, of her pure and lively wa- ters, of her clear and healthy atmosphere, and of 'he industry and intelligence of her inhabitants. The Southern States will make most in quantity ; the warp and organzine mills requiiin;r curious machinery will be seated in New En:,°!and, and also there the manufacture of silk goods, which are delightful articles for .summer's wear, and well adapted for the trade with the South Ameri 'jn republicks. With good wishes, I am respectfully your friend, iVeston, Feb. 1827. j. M q WATER PROOF SHOES AND BOOTS. Mr Fbsskkden—I perceire that the subject of water proof shoes and boots is going the rounds ot the public papers. Having some knowled-re on this subject, I feel constrained to lay it before the public through the medium of your useful paper More than three years since I endeavored to' find some menstruum that would dissolve the India Rub- ber. There are several that will effect this object m a very small quantity, or proportion, but the most active and powerful that I have tried is the oil of turpentine. I put about two ounces of the gum into one of the largest she buttles used for Day and Maitiu's blacking.with about a criH of the oil, and placed in a steam heat. It di'^solved in about two or three days, and when dissolved was about the thickness of molasses in cold weather r applied It to my boots wilh a painter's binsh — The first coat soon dried in ; I applied a second ■^ third, and a fourth, until the leather was com ptetely saturated. I set them away, and when they were dry, I applied the sponge blackin.. used by harness makers, to prevent the glutinous qualities ot turpentine from collecting the dust _ After a short time, I applied the common black- ing and the leather reeoived a beautiful polish and remained smooth and pliabl walk in the water without having the upper pan ^f my boots w.ter soaked. The small quantity of the oil contained m gum, produced no bad effects Ml'on the leather. I wore these boots longer than 1 ever wore a pair before. They have hem. twKe new soled, and the third p.ir of soles is nearly wn out, and the upper leather has never cr^ck «d ,n the least, but is now in a firm state and will resist water as well as when the gum was first "Pphed. With a little attention ,n in. king, a gem- lleman may have his shoes or boots entirelv proof n\ r Z'Z^ ' """''' '-^-"^--'d the following. D:sso!ve the Gun, Sheila, in alcohol to about life c onsistency o! tun molasses : take a piece of felt fet. not very closely worked and fill it with the sum so that It will take in no more ; let th e put between the soles of the boots or shoes when umle : take a pi.ce of cotton cloth and also sate ::t',tb'\""''r '"''"•"' ^b-ementitd a nd t between the side lining and the ontside of ItlZ'Jr ''^'" '^^ '"""'^ "^-^ completed let them be hlled wirh the preparation of the India Kubber, and they will with,n..nd the water fo twenty-four hours - '"' INEVV ENGLAND FARMER. is iiuL twenty cents, and 1 presume that any shoe maker would furnish them for fifty, and consider himself well paid for his trouble. I am satisfied from e.xperience that the small quantity of the oil of turpentiue, required to dis- solve the gum, will not injure the leather ; but if any person doubts this, or dislikes the smell of it, (which only lasts for a few days) the oil can easily be washed out with alcohol. I have a bottle full of the pure gum, from which I separated the tur- pentine, and I occasionally apply it to my boots ;;^ta,^employed and less sales; of consequ;;, o:f:fir^r^jXnZ^'T;v''^" f ""^"^ ^r.e,ly feu by the comr^abr^'r^ m 'v r.- The numerous variations and risks which a2 the product of vineyards make them a verv ini venient, and nnprofitable property. In great c™ you must wait the returns, when they^Ire ™ yon must pay large sums ,n advance. The owT and shoes; It makes calf "skin' shoes as 'so^ '^ \Zu:^J:^:^'\ therefore have other resoi pliable as the prunella. ("istinct cipitil) to enable him to wait for th ^ imbursement of his advances. The owner of" UNPROFITABLKNESS OF VINEYARDS "'""''"'^ "■''° has the misfortune of having „ Mr FEssKNDK.w.-The project of raising our Lm;" Tf '" „" T""" °' ''"^'' """'^- He i own wine in the United States, has been quite a ' ^V" I at /ow prices or to drink his m favorite one with some persons. I have always I 77,' u "'"'", ', ""'" alternntiv,. results his brn .loubted its policy, if not its utter impracticability , ^' " '"''"'^"=^' '"« 'liscouragement,his gloon,> 1 .^. 1 iiovc [iiways oubted Its policy, ,t not its utter impracticability m the Northern States. One of my principal ob jectious, however, was, that I did not approve the policy of forcing a culture which was not well adapted to our soil and climate, when other na tions could supply us with much better wine than we could produce, at one half the e.xpe.iso it would cost us to make it. I was not, however, aware, that in the most fa- vourable countries for producing wine, it was con- s.dered « dangerous, and on the whole very un profitable mode of investing capital. Bk.ssot dk V\ARvi.,.E must be well known to all politicians of fifty years of age, but as he may not be t„ ,,1 r ;, J '"'■ "'^ Known to others I would s.^y, that he was one of the ablest^ and most distinguished men among the Frenen revolutionists-so much so, that his fac tion was called by his name, Brisso.ines! He was an eloquent and sensible man-tolerably well acquainted with our country and e.Uremely par 'lal to 11 and lo lis institutions. As he was called a Girondist, J presume that he oelonged to the department of tie Gironde the region o the finest wines of France) probably ep resen e Bordeaux in the National ConventfonZ ^ :sl|:zt:dt^p:■fi;r£:;t;:m discusses the question whether the United St;to! can produce wine-good wine -and e.xpresse his opinion that ,n some southern part, u,e Ln.l Indeed he seems to have no doubt about it, but he proceeds to caution us against the introduction of the culture, and the following aie his argument/ They seem lo me to deserve ,reat weight not be' oause ho says them, as he might feel In interest n dissuading us from the culture of the vinl b. be ause thoy seen, to be founded ,„ good sen e " The culture of the vine, says Br.ssot, ,n „/; countries in which it exists has made a lar. " portion of tne population wretched, and a/^ ri " The long and very considerable advanci which tiVBtor verv small warrea ^ '"" " VVould It be belie^ved that an abundant crop of he t A TT' ^'^='^t'-°"= both to the owner of the land and the labourer employed = In f^ tl^e expense ofharvesling is increased whii;",::^;-:!: I , ■ -■'"'"■»s'-iu-;iii,nis jTioomv and quarrelsome disposition, and the destructio; ofhishealt. HehastoomnchwineinabS and profitable years, and too little bread in ye., of^scarcity. These are the two sad alterna.ioC "Thus we see that countries covered with vine yards are generally less populous, and exhibit. picture of a population degenerate, feeble, an,' miserable. For the most part such countrieshay, not the requisite number of labourers in years.o' plenty, and the want is supplied by a wretched «e» of Itinerant day labourers. The disastrous effe ' of the culture of the vine extends in wine coi nowru t , ti , =Mti,-,iB in wme coij ■|i!te ir mor 'Pi -•»("-";"= u, iiarves nc.ng It, for the cheapness of wine induces Ht to take It to excess. It is of course a poison [all classes, especially for those who find in this dulgence a momentary relief from their other s ferings. It has therefore been observed that dustry studiously shuns all these teniptin dangerous wine countries. You never see in th' any re^spectable Manufacturing Establishmenj none of that assuidity and intelligence necessi to their success. Mr Brissot in a note explai some of the causes of their ill success of tb° cl lure of vineyards. "The proprietor who regulates his expenses his income is every year led into mistakes in vi culture. One year he makes 30 per cent-tlfik ,, next year his grapes are destroyed by frost fmirSr this ! even in the South of France] the third yei he suffers by a bankruptcy, (of the merchant ^i whom his wine is consigned) or his wine will bl come acid. The fourth year he will have a modi erate crop, not enough to make up the losses he two preceding years. In ten years a propri tor will scarcely find more than one which is tl erably good. It is a proverb in France, that the is no worse property than a vineyard." Such were the opinions of Brissot de Wai viLLE, brought up in a wine country, a politic, economist, addressing his own countrymen, w must know, whether what he said was true or no, I can only add, that being in Bordeaux in 180* at the time of the vintage, which was very abno- 1 dant I heard that a proprietor of one of the beat esta es offered his whole crop, gratis, to any wl would gather and press it, because the wine wo-i not pay for the casks. For the table, we in th Northern States, may, and ought to cultivate tW grape. Curious men who have the ambition ^ produce ^home bred wine, much worse than cider, may raise it, hut let ingenious and spoculative men kevvare of laying out extensive vineyards in Ma?.' sachusetts. Jiorburi/, March 6, 1837. fall /ol. v.— No. :u. NKW ENGLAND FARMER 267 ^iv-Tiivil-n MARSHFS P. S. When at Iml.an Hill Farm the past sum- I Some years since 1 was unable, ono seat^on, to 1 r.nouit l.t fr o red, mio.l marshes was mer, I took accn„Mt of the apple trees, and intend- inspect the process, and, though the person ern- he foUovuns letter on r.d.K>d mar he^^^^ o have given you the statement, they are as ! ployed received very particular directions the rooR 01 i>e« luin. V, K quality proved inferior, and the reputation ol the Natural Fruit in bcarin;; Engrafted " " Nursery of young trees contain Apple tiees Poach do. Cherry do. resided by Mr Kf.njami.n V. PiiocTuR. Ksq. Corresponding Secretary of follows, viz, F,9se.\ Agricultural Society, and communicated publication in the New England Farmer by Mr I ICTOR iR I recently examined the reclaimed mead- 5 in this vicinity and as several of your Society enrraged in a similar undertaking (I allude in ticular to our mutual friend Paul Kent, Esq.) 1 1 .Tive you an imperfect description of a tract ir^Xewark owned by Anthony Dey, Esq. an ncnt Lawyer of this city, whose taste for ag- 224 1450 69 29 From thf Medical Inldligenca: wine may have suil'cred in conecquencc. But 1 have of late introiUiced imjioitant improvements in the prefinration ; and that wliii:h is now exhibited will, I trust, be found to be supprior to any before produced. But to arrive at tins result it has de- manded minute personal attention in every stage of the process — from the cultivation of the plants till the wine is fit for the bottle ; and its remaining previously for a period of four or five yearj in the wood, seems requisite to bring it to that state of BLACK CURRANT. Mr Editor, — Agreeably tn your request, I have pprfection of uhicli it is susceidible. It may be ullure has enabled him, or rather induced him the pleasure to furnish you with the following his- proper to odd that, besides the water necessary, make an experiment, the result of which is not toryofthe wine which I have prepared for some this wine contains not a particle o^ foreign sitb- ly of the greatest importance to those that own ^jijjg pj^gt from the njji'inal hinck currant. About j/ajice except sugar, and two per cent of iriiju/iy, irshes so sit'iated that they can be enclosed l)y twenty years ago I cultivated a few plants only, which is introduced at a stage of the procesi Jyke, but in a pecuniary point to the proprietor, for the purpose of making a JcHi/ or preserve for ^hen it appears to return to its original vinous the crops surpass any thing of the kind on our fgj„iiy ^ge ; and some of it happening to bo on the state, and is of course completely incorporated, it lands. That the cause of agiicullure will be table when I was favoured with the company of I remain, dear Sir, truly yours, omoted, as well directed experiments are found i^^^ estimable man and eminent physician, the late samuei- wyllvs po-.:erov. eful, there remain.-i no doubt ; and that of re- pj. j^f^,^ Warren, a conversation ensued on its — ng salt marsh and on the same ground rais- mg^jcal qualities, which he highly extolled, and ex- , r,emarhs by the Editor. — We are glad to sea [,g large crops of corn grain, hay, &c. may truly pressed a strong desire that the corfeciioners in and to publish tliie account of the Black Curravt ■"called a well directed e-Tperiment. The meadow gogton should be supplied with the /rm.', observing Jf'uJf, because we have been acquainted wilhitj ' Mr Dey is situated on the bank of the Paseaic, \ jh^t the Faculty would often prescribe the Jelli/ or character and effects for several years, and think mtaiuing about 200 acres. The dyke enclosing it ! j^^j jf it could be procured. In consequence of bo well of it that we wish every body else to know |i miles in length and was first built 15 to 20 ' [^jg gvi^jrestiou I was induced to increase the plan- |t yg ■^•c]]^ and to estim-ite it as highly as ws do. — 3ars since, but so imperfectly was the work ex- ! ,j,jjpj,°°,,^ in a fg^v years was enabled to supply So far as we can trust our own experience and cuted that every extra tide would in some places !,|,e confectioners with more fruit than they wan- observation, we deem this wine more truly cordial estroy the dyke, and the objects were of course t^,() For the demand being uncertain, and as the and medical than any which v.e have seen used efcated and the work abandoned. Mr Dey pur- Lj.ti(,]g ^.quIJ seldom retain its virtues more than by invalids and convalescents. It has all the good based them, and the saying that '' a thing «"«"' one year, three or four bushels only could be an- properties of the best Poit, without any of iti OTif is twice done,'" he soon demonstrated ; ho ; dually disposed of. About this time I mot with an heating or constipiting effects. Wo could name uilt the dike several feet higher than any tide | j^j.^^^^, written by the late celebrated Dr. Wcf-fr- several instances where in great debility and ex- .ad ever been known to flow — guarded it next the |,yj„^ of London; in which, after describing the haustion after proti acted and severe fever, and from i»er with a stone wall — filled in gravel with the Igpegigg q^ varieties of currants, he states that the other causes, nothing else could bethought of or ods_inade it permanent — so wide at top that jij^gji^.^! properties of wine made from the rfrf or taken with pleasure or advantage, in which thi« ;ravel was carted and spread on the top whiejj I j^.^j-j^ ^j(^^„„,^ are much superior to those of wine uino proved grateful to the palate, and most friend- nale it hard as a causeway. He then had it i f^om the gr-a;)e, as it may be administered in many Jy to the slonir.ch ; in which indeed it was the ploughed, and applied lime at the rate of 100 j p^ggg ofy,,,^^^^ here the latter would be t(0 heat- principal means of conducting the patient to health bushels to the acre, which answered a double pur- 1 in„ ]\Jo mention was made of wine from the and strength. pose of destroying the sod, and at the same time | j^^^jj. currant, but the doctor remarks, that" a Its exhibition has been attended with remarka- inanuring and warming the ground— since which j^^y gj. ^j^j from this fruit was considered almost ble success in the early stages of cholera and dys- he has raised by applying common manure and ^ ^ specific for sore throat, and highly eft;caciou3 ciitary, — and again also in the later stages of these cultivation some of the largest crops in this vicini- 1 ^j.jjgn p.^hibited with barley water and other bev- disease, after the symptoms of inflammation or ty. All grasses succeed well; he recommends a; g^^^e^ in fevers, particularly in the low stages of febrile excitement had ceased. It has been stnk- mi.-aure. This scarce year for hay he has cut typhus." The idea then occurred, that I could not ingly remedial in the low states of typhoid and two crops at the lowest estimate four tons per , j^ hqtter with my black currants than to manufac- bilious fever. The late Captain Gilchrist, who for acre, and a finer crop of Irdian corn, &c. I never 'ty^e them into wine, as I felt confident that it several years followed the Batavia trade, and who 8aw growing. He recommends those who would 1 j^ight be made to possess all the mild stimulating had always suR'ered an attack of the severe chol- buiufa dike that it should be perpendicular next' y^lities of the other kinds of currant wine, com- era which proves so destructive of human life in the meadow enclosed, and incline to a point on j hippii with the more valuable astringent and rfe- that climate, used to say that after he had this the other side. It will then bear a great pressure U^,.g.^„, properties so conspicuous in the je«i/. It | wine with him and took two glasses of it every of water and is not so liable to be inhabited by Ly^^^j he as convenient to administer, — and, what ' morning, he escaped the disease. On one voyage, musquash or any thing of the kind. L^as of great importance, not liable to deteriorate j his mate, who had not taken the wine, was seized There are about 4000 acres called the Swartwout , hy age. Accordingly I commenced operations with with this complaint, when a bottle or two stopped meadows — some years since enclosed — but as i ^q small portion of enthusiasm ; and notwithstand- the work was executed in the same imperfect j^g a complete failure in all my experiments for manner, as that afterwards purchased by Mr four years in succession, with considerable loss of Dey was, beside the magnitude of the undertak- jj^ie and money, I persevered till a wine was pro ing, and the difficulties arising from managing ajueed which equalled my most sanguine expecta- concern where there are so many owners, to the tions, and which I ventured to exhibit to most of Fatisfaction of all, that the warmest friends be- jj^^ principal physicians in Boston, several of whom come disgusted with it. Fortunately it has now jn^mediately began to prescribe it,and have continu- fallen in tije hands of a company who are follow- ^^ jj^g practice, as have others also in the vicini- ing the example of Mr Dey, and will soon, I have ; j^^ fgr eight or nine years, Being desirous to test no doubt, reap ample rewards for tht^ir enterprize. ijg capacity to withstand a hot climate, a parcel Respect'ly your friend and humble serv't, ; ^as nhipped to Ssvannah, where it remained in a, with oil, the mass will harden under watC: , — BBN.IAMIN POOR. J gtore on the Wuf two summers, and was returned i mix terras, ochre, smithy slack, or mangBoe: Xew York. Sept. 30. 1?26. ', n^,fcctlv sound !ind much improved. i with good common mortar, i Dr. T. Cooprr its progress. We have not room to enumerate many other morbid aflTectione in which this wine has proved useful. In sore throat it has, for many years, been considered almost a specific remedy. A CEMENT THAT RESISTS MO'STCRE. Melt without water common glue, with half its weight of rosin, to which add some red ochre, useful for cementing hones to their fran\f s. A CEMENT THAT HARDENS UNDER WATER. MLx clay and calces, (oxyds) of iron plontifullj 208 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Marcb li'. From Litadun^s £>/»■ lUi ly . -gncu MANAGING AND FEEDI.VG ANIMALS Conlinutii fro.a jUge 'HiM ail : ciediiH,. uitiinul beiu^ coiiit'orUhiP in rvery respect ; and in brutes as well as men, want of comfort operates on the digestive powers. If the surface of the stall on which an ox or a horse author of a Tnatist on H rsts observes, it dcsireable that country "surgeons should in tfl different localities ijive instructions to the la practitioners in the country ; and that gentlen Water given to animals ou^.ht to be soU and ' stands, deviates .mich from a level, he will be of property mign nave such a sense of their, pure.as being a better .oivent than such as i. hard continually uneasy ; and he will be uneasy during inlcrest as o call m a surge.m m all cases of and charged, with earthy particles. It ought to the night if the surface is rough, or if a proper ; least difficulty. All that we can here do is t, be of a moderate temperature, un.^.r thiit ol the bed of litter is not prepared every evening for | peat our advice of studying the art of prever npenairinhot weather and exceeding it m win- him to repose on. The form of racks and man- rather than ot cure ; to suggest that, in gene, ter. Deep wells aiiorl this diff, rence. In par- gers is often less commodious than it might be. an analogy subsists between the constitution ticuiar cases, as in those amm.N i.asiukliiig A hav rack, which projects forward is bad ; be- diseases of the human and brute creation, ran state, or milked hy man, warmed wa er has been cause the animal m drawing out the hay is teased ! to bleed animals unless by regular advice; s found advantageous. Meals, or other light rich with the hay seeds falling into its eyes and ears ; , confine as much as possible the operations of co- matters, are soiueUmes mixed with it ; but it does and this form, it may be added is npt to cause the | doctors and smiths to giving warm dunks gen! not clearly appear, cvcepting in the last case tiiat breath of the animal to ascend throngli its food j purges, glisters, which can seldom do any harm, liquid food is so generally advantageous for fat- which must after a time ron-ler it nauseous. For ■ tening animals, as that which, being equally rich this reason hay should be as short a time as possi- Hem*" ■nJliiiert!' :»>11"' Ujiie,'"' The follnwinj extract is from the abl Jlddressi , - . ,, . , ^ , • , .-111, „;,7on iliropt \ Ge'irtre B. Emerson, Esq, delivered Fib. 7 183 s solid. Some judgement is requisite as to ti.e ble m lofts, but uhe_n practicabl_o,J,.- P'^en direct- |^^ ^^^ ^^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^v^ Mechanics^ InstUutioi TO in quest of water. Perhaps the immediate di lution of food, after being taken into the stomach with water, may at the same time weaken the di gestive powers, by diluting the gastric juice. At all events the free use of water at any time, but i.'speciiilly during meals, is found to weaken diges- tion in the human ■species. As animals of every kind become reconciled to any habit not iiltimate- "ly injurious to Itealth, perhaps for housed animals 1 stated quantity of water, given an hour or an hour and an half after, what may be called their meals, may be *lie best mode. Moderate e.\ercise ought not to be dispensed with, where the flavor of animal produce i.i any object ; it is known to produce circulation, pers piration and digestion, and by consequence to in- vigorate the appetite. Care must be taken, how over, not to carry exercise to that point where it becomes a labour instead of a recreation. In some cases, as in teeding swine and poultry, fat- tening is hastened by promoting sleep and pre- venting motion, rather than encouraging it ; but such animals cannot be considered healthy fed ; in fact their fatness is most commonly the result of disease. Tranquility is an obvious requisite, for where the passions of brutes are called into action, by whatever means, their inflirence on their bodies is often as great as in the human species. Hence time most proper for giving water to animals. In ly from the rick. Poultry of different kinds are , l- , , , general, it does not appear necessary to supply it often crowded together without any regard to the [ But there are those who think that the posses] fmmediately after eating, for animals in a natural comfort of the particular kinds, by attending to ion of knowledge and the exercise of the undel state, or pasturing in a field, generally lie down their peculiarities, such as the web feet of the standing are incompatihle with a constant ar after filling themselves, and after the process of duck tribe, and proper size of roosting sticks for | diligent use of the physical powers ; that vigor digestion seems to have gone on sometime they the toed feet of the other tribes. Even the crow- min.l and mechamcal skill are inconsistent wil ino- of the cock must cause some degree of irrita- each other. tio^n : and consequently impede health and fatten- Let Us ask how and why this can be done, ing by disturbing the repose of quiet fowls, such Will an artist perform less skilfully an ope'ratioi as the turkey or'soose. Various other instances of which he understands the reason and thi will occur to a 'reflecting mind ; and surely it principle, than or.o which is dark and unintclligi must be a duty as agreeable as it is conducive to ble ? Is there any magic by wliich knowledge pal our own interest to promote as much as po.isible sies the hand of skill, unnerves the arm of strength? the comfort and health of those animals whose , Let a mechanic understand the nature of the ina,1 lives are shortly to be sacrificed for ours. :teriril he employs, enable him to predict the effect] Health. A good state of health will, in general ; which heat and air and moisture will have upon it, be the result^of the mode of feeding and treat; : show him how to counteract that effect; will he,, ment which we have described ; but in proportion , in conesquence of his knowledge, produce a less! as our treatment either of ourselves or other ani- j durable work ? Give him such an insight into the mals is refined and ariificial, in the same propor- j secrets of nature, as to enable him often to omit tion arc the functions of nature liable to deran2;e- ! and always to shorten a process, which before ment or interrruption from atmospherical chancres j wag long and expensive ; sho.v him bow to give and various accidental causes. When this takes j a new temper and a keener edge to his tools ; will place recour.-ce must be h.id to art for relief. This be, from this saving of time and labour, become is an obvious, natural, and reasonable practice : I remiss, and conceive a disgust to bis art .= Carry thouirh some contend that as every disease is only , bim on until you have formed his judgement and an effort of nature to relieve the being it ought to j refined his taste ; will bis customers compliiii be left to itself. To treat animals when in health when he adds to the other qualities of his goods a artificially, and the moment they become diseased graceful figure and fasl.ion ? to abandon them to nature, is a proposition so in- I Let us interrogate history upon this point. Let contrruoHS and absurd, that one would suppose it "s t-^ke instances, and learn from them the effoci would be rejected by the common sense of man- of knowledge on the charracler of an individual as kind. There are, however, some solitary instan- • an artist— I mean an artist in the best and widest ces of medical men having adopted this opinion; sense of the term. but the melancholy result of their acting on it in Renme was born in obscure life, was the son of the use of emasculation, complete or partial sepa- 1 the human species, as well as its utter rejection poor parents, and brought up as an apprentice to ration, shading from too much light, protection | by all rational professors, and men in general, has ^ mdl-wright. He several years pursued that oc- irom insects, dogs, and other annoying animals, reduced it to its intrinsic value. There may be cupation in Scotland, with great success. Avail- and from the too frequent intrusion of man. much of quackery in medicine ; and unquestiona mg himself of an opportunity to attend a schbol of Cleanliness is favorable to health, by promoting jbly, there is a great deal in the art as applied to Mathematics . nd Natural Philosophy, he so per- nerspiration and circulation. Animals, in a wild the brute creation by common practitioners ; but <'ected his natural genius, that, leaving his former to reject the medical art altogether, becomes on busijiess and his native country, he became the the other hand a species of quackery just as des- most distinguished civil engineer in England, and picable as the other, and not less dangerous ; for left, as a monument of his genius, a strneture,— it cannot be much better for a patient to be left to ""f^ refer to the Waterloo bridge over the Thames. die through neglect,than to be killed by overmuch — whieh has been pronounced the most perfect of P^rp " jits kind in Europe. ' Farriery, as applied to cattle and sheep, is a do- | J'l'nes Watt was a mathematical instrument mak- partment of medicine 'in which perhaps greater ig- i er at Glasgow. By the dexterous application of a norance prevails than in any other. The subject ; few principles in chemistry, which he had learnt as applied to horses since' the establishment of , of D r Black, lie carried to perfection the steam- veterinary schools inthiscountry [Great Britain] I engine, a machine, which has added more to th.- and in France has become better understood; but [ ■"e';'>='n"=al power of man, and produced a wide r the pupils from these establishments are so thinly (''"■•'^f:' =h^;i'-'e upon the arts, than any other in- settled, that as Jiawrcncc, veterinary surgeon and jfeW h i«* Ite-t* ;li,0U state, attend to this part of their economy them- selves; but in proportion as they are cultivated, or brought jnder the control of man, this becomes out of their power ; and to ensure their subservi- ency to hi^ wishes, man must supply by art this as well as other parts of culture. Combing and brushing stall fed cattle and cows is known to contribute materially to health ; though washing sheep with a view to cleaning the wool, often has a contrary effect from the length of lime the wool requires to dry. This often brings on colds, and aggravates the liver complaint, so incident to these animals. Comfort. An animal may be well fed. lodged (vention of modern times '■l^v|V._No. 34. iNEW EAGLAI^D FARMER. iestfi: 26y id not name to you anutlier distinguished therefore, wlio can spate liulf an hour a day, miuI euro whs npi'lioil, mid in i,,;,t ^i,i,rt luue so vio^ C, your townsmun, one who was born who hopes to live a single year longer, complain lent was tlie advance of tlic poisoji, boiiijj near a spot wliero we an' now assembled, and that he lias no time. blood vessel, i hat its tongue was much swollen own bound apprentice to a printer. For -^ i and green matter was vomite I by tlie child ; but ai8 he wrougat diligently in that calling ; TRANSPLANTING. the oftect of the antidote >v,is ne.irly as instanta- ntly and with such skill, that there were '" performing this operation, on all plants of neons as the poison, i^cvcral of my neirrhbours in could hold competition with liim. ile ""oO'lcn texture, the essential point is to set the the vicinity of Newport, near Hhiirsvill'o in this It to steal hours from sleep to jrive to study; |'oots in the ground in a situation similar to that county, can attest the above facts, fruits of tliat study enabled him, many '" "'licb they were placed, before they werctak- \erwards, to sustain the reputation of the f"" o"!- ; "ot only the same depth, but, us Mr nd liberty of his country in more than one Forsiiih says, with the same side to the south which Europe. ^^''is the south side before : But as they cannot be men all attained wealth and distinclion for K"' 0"t of the j;rround, nor set aL,''ain Into it, with ' vcs, and be(|uealhed a noble e.xample, an t'lCir lull length of roots, these must be cut off to , fame, to us and to poslcrity. What raised a l^n^rtli proportionate to tlieir size. Where they id Ronnie and Franklin from tlic humble ^f*^ ^'f O' small, let them be cut at the lengfth of. .Iames M'CoaMTCK. NEW EN G L A JN D^F A RM ER, BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH K!, 1827. INCISIONS IN FliniT TKKES. London states, that incisions are sometimes ne- n in which they were born? Wjiat but S'"^ or eight inclies, and where they are pretty cessary to the health of the tree, in the same man- ivation of their powers by the very kind lartre, double that length, or more : Let them be ner perhaps as bleeding is necessary for the ledge which it is the object of our insti- carefully taken up, without breaking the roots, liealth of the animal. T!ie trunk of the plum and 3 offer to all ? cutting off those that get broken, and cutting Ihera cherry iree seldom e.xpund freely till a lonTiludi- .% however, it may be objected, are re- rii' offat their proper length ; and let the hole, in- nal incision has been inaile in the bark- and Ic instances — exceptions from gcnera.1 to which they are to be set, be sufficiently large hence this operation is often practised bv garden- es — men who would have raised them- to receive the roots without cramping them : Then ers. If the inci-ion affects the epidermis [out side o distinction from any situation. shake in the earth gently about them, so as that bark] only, it heals up witliout Icavino- a scar • if hat is tiie effect of knowledge on great ''""h o"e shall retain its proper position. As it is it penetrates into the wood, the wound in the of men, when it is to he estimated in mil- difficult to give the fibrous^oots their proper place, i wood itself never heals np completely, but new Do we find that the manufactures of tlios& '•• '= generally best to cut most of these off. In [wood and bark are formed above it as before. ' e=, in which the education of the people has fmit-trees, all the downright roots should be cut jiint omo piogrcss, fall short in quantity or ex- off. e, of those produced by the same number If the roots have been some time out of ground, i s exerted with less intelligence*.- Hear it-is advisable to soak them in water for eight or wer of a man, whose national prejudices ten hours before they are set in. In a cold or i avc been all on the otiier side, but who stiff soil, they should be set shallower'thnn in a ed truth to the gratification of the pride of warm mellow one. After they are properly bedded ntrymen. " We are compelled to coniess," i" tl''' ground, a stake should be driven in near to )upin, " that fourteen millions of lOnglish each one. leaning towards them, and to these they :otch have more industry an I pruducea should each be tied, to keep them steady; and \ number of articles to convev to distant some mulch should belaid round the roots of each. Should be cut foi drying, (says Phillips) just when it is in flower, nm\ on a fine ey are raised authority on this point, — to the skill which with a little instrument called a Gardener's trowel, from knowledge — to the union of philoso- by which a bunch of earth can be raised with them, ■• ft i st tl I' ith art. they will be the better for it. The holes "where j ...i^Ti, ^K!L!„°if^ "^i "'^'^ . u r.i- ,■ .L .1 .■ 1 r 1 r, 1 .1 » 1 iji M , , , what has belore been observed bv Pi-.iv, that mnt ntmg then the practical usefulness of knowl- thev are set should be well watered, and the water , .i ^ i .• r •,, ■ /''•""•''"'""• ., , ■ ' , , ... . ^l'.ii • 1 1 11 1, L prevents the coagulation of milk, and hence IS ro- 0 the nieclianic, there are some who will be should previously bo well w^armed by the sun. i Iir>m„„^r,,lori ;„ n,Tii- ,i;..t, \hr i _ i /■ to say, that however desirous they may be For the times of transplanting different plants, aining it, they have no time. — they have arid the distances they are to be set apart, ate the too old to begin their education, and they different articles . which are the subjects of this not, and cannot obtain, the previous knowl- operation. [Farmer's Assistant.] which they suppose some of the instruction d to them requires. Lhe first place w ith regard to time : there ' inly is no one who cannot find one hour in a ' to attend a lecture on ao interesting subject From the Indiana JVhis CURE FOR TIIF. BITE OF A SNAKE. As the public in the western country are much a he may have in his thoughts all the rest of interested in knowing wliatever may be a good week. If he do only this, he will find him- remedy for the poison injected into the human I great gainer at the end of the year. But flesh by the bite of a snake, I tliink it my duty to is not enough, — to derive the greatest advant- state a fact within my own knowledge. About from his lecture he must also read. And for the year ISI.'i or 18IC, one of my children was bit- purpose, no one, v\ho has a thirst for inforraa- , ten by a copperhead, on the inside of botli ankles, will find it difiicult to find half or an hour i nearly at the same instant. I instantly produced y day. In that short time a great deal may be ' pulverised charcoil and mixed it with as much :. Half an hour a day for a year amounts to i hogslard as made it adhere. I then made a plaster lOurs a day for more than a month. This is j of it, and applied it to the wounds, renewing the lor stony 'concretion, that'w^as t.aken out" of aTu 1 very short time to give to study ; and this plaster every twenty or thirty minutes, for ten or 1 man body. twelve hours, at the same time giving the child j Both water and rectified spirits extract the vir- fresh milk to drink. This remedy had the desired tnes of this root by infusion and imbibe the whole effect, and very little pain was endured after the i taste and pungency of the plant first application. Not more than five minutes e- Boerhavc, who was so justly c. commended in milk di^'ts. Wiren dry, and diges- ted in rectified spirits of wine, it gives out a tinc- ture v.'hich appears by day light of a fine dark green, but by candle light of a bright red colour : a small quantity is green by day light or candle light ; a large quantity seems impervious to day- light, but when held between the eye and the candle, or between the eye and the sun it appears red. If put into a flat bottle it appears green sidewise ; but when viewed edgewise red. HORSE RADISH. Phillips, in his Historj^ of Vegetables, has the following: Sydenham, who has been called the father of physic among the moderns, recommends horse radish in dropsies, particularly those which follow intermittent fevers. It is also extolled ir, cases of the stone. Thomas Barthelin affirms that the juice of horse-radish dissolved a calculus, on of time, frugally used, would enable a ine- lic, with the aid of the lectures, to gain what ivoiild always after consider an invaluable vledge of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, or was so justly celebrated through St any other branch ofBcience. Let no one, 1 lapsed from the time the child was bitten until the | Europe as professor of physic and botany, says'it 270 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. March It). 1887. is one of those plants whose virtues are the least equivocal ; its aperient, [opening] antiscorbutic, [good against scurvy] and resolvent [dissipating tumors] qualities purify the blood, agree with colds, and above all, cure dry hard coughs, and the extinction of the voice. Dr Cullen says, " The root externally applied i readily inflames the akin, [and so do the green! leaves, after having been held before the fire till a j little warmed and withered] and proves a rubefa- , cient [makes the part to which it is applied ap- 1 pear red and almost blistered] that may be em- ployed to advantage in palsy and rheumatism, and if its application be long continued, it produces! blisters." The German authors give many e. ■samples of ite ' being an excellent renjedy, as well internally as j for the e.tterior, in cases of the dropsy and rheu- matism. ' One drachm of the root, fresh scraped down, is enough for four ounces of water, to be infused in a close vessel for two hours, and made into syrup, with double its weight of sugar ; a tcaspoonful of which swallowed leisurely, or at least repeated two or three tunes, has often been found very suddealy etTcctual in relieving hoarseness. This volatile root, when received into the stom- ach, both creates appetite and assists digestion, and is therefore properly employed as a condi- ment with animal food. M. Haller, a Swiss physician, informs us, that in Sweden they cultivate the Chinese horse radish from which they draw abundance of oil. Horse radish scraped and infused in cold milk, makes one of the host and safest cosmetics. Horse radish possesses the same peculiar prop- erty of propagating itself as the ginger ; for a small piece of the root, if buried in the earth, will form a new root and a perfect plant, which pro- duces seed. In vain do we look into the pores of this root to discover by what wonderful means na- ture has endowed it with this gift ; and we may justly e.vclaira with David, " Such knowledge is too wonderful for me ; it is high, I cannot attain unto it." The Domestic Encyclopedia says, " If hores radish be intended for use it ought to be, dug out of the ground fresh, only from October to March ; or to be gathered in the spring, then dried, reduc- ed to powder, and preserved in bottles closely stopped for occasional use ; when it should be previously moistened with spring water. When steeped and digested in vinegar, during a fort- night, this is said effectually to remove freckles in the face." To choos( buitn- at Market — Put a knife into the butter if salt, and smell it when drawn out ; if there is any thing rancid or unpleasant, it is bad. Being made at different times, the layers in casks will vary greatly ; and you will not easily come at the goodness but by unhooping the cask, and trying it between the staves. Fresh butter ought to smell like a nosegay, and be of an equal colour nil through ; if sour in smellv it has not been sufficiently washed : if veiny and open, it is probably mi.xed with staler or an inferior sort. Do::itsiic Encyclopedia. JAPANESE CEME.-VTS, OR RTCE GLUE. This elegant cement according to the Domestic Encyclopedia, is ni:ide by mi.\ing rice flour inti- mately with cold uater, and then gently boiling it. Papers pasted together by means of this cement. will sooner separate in their own substance then at the joining, which makes it extremely useful in the preparation of curious paper articles, which requires layers of paper to be cemented together. It is white, dries transparent, and is much prefer- able to flour paste. With this composition, made with a comparatively small quantity of water models, busts, statues, &-c. may be formed. When dry, the articles are susceptible of a high polish, and are very durable The Japanese make quad- rille-fish of this substance, which so nearly resem- ble those made of mother of peavl, that purchasers are imposed upon. O.V FEEDl.VG A.NI.MALS I'OR EXTR AORDl.N ART PURPOSES. The extraordinary purposes of feeding may com- piehend, promoting the growth, maturity, or obes- ity of particular parts of the body ; promoting the produce of milk or eggs ; or, for fitting an animal for hard labor or long journeys, fasting, and oth- er privations. Feedino; for extraordinary purposes, such as pro- moting the growth of the liver in geese; the heart in turkeys; producing excessively fat poultry, &c. seems to us utterly unjustifiable on principles of humanity, and unworthy of enlightened men. The practice of pulling out the animal's eyes, nailing them to the spot, and cramming or forcing the food down their throats, is surely as repugnant to good taste, and feeling, as the food so produced must be tasteles and unwholesome. Putting out the eyes of certain singing birds to improve their voices ; and some practises in the rearing of game cocks, and, fancy pigeons (at least the two first) seem equally reprehensible. The fa.tcning of funis for the London maket is a considersble branch of rural economy in some con venient stations. "They are put up in a dark place, and crammed with a paste made of barley meal, mutton suet, and some treacle or coarse su- gar, mixed with milk, and are found to be com- pletely ripe in a fortnight. If kept longer, the fever that is induced by this continued state of re- pletion renders them red and unsaleable, and fre- quently kills them. ( gricultural Report of Herk- shire, by William Movor L. L. D. 6 do. 18I3.J — But fowls brought to this state of artificial obesity are never so well flavoured in the flesh, and prob- ably not so salubrious,as those of the same species fattened in a more natural way. The great secret of having fine pullets is cleanliness and high keeping with good grain. The process followed in different parts cf France to enlarge the liver, is described at length by Son- niri, (J^Toveau Dictonairc d'Hisioire JVnturelle, art. Oie.) '• The object is to cause the whole vital forces to be determined towards this part of the animal by giving it a kind of hepatic cachexy. In Alsace the individual ouys a lean goose, which he shuts up in a small box, so tight that it cannot turn in it. The bottom is furnished with a wide grating of rods, fir the passage of the dung. In the fore part there is a hole for the head, and be- lovv it a small trough is kept always full of water, in which some pieces of wood charcoal are loft to steep. A bushel of maize[Indian corn]is sufficient to feed it during a month, at the end of which time the goose is sufficiently fattened. A thirtieth part is soaked in water each night, and crammed down its throat next day, morning and evening. The rest of the time it drinks and guzzles in tlie wat- er. Towards the 2'2d day they mi.\ with the maiie e poppy oil, and at the end of the inotitlfi^ '^fii wn by a lump of fat under each wing, ori'i • Seeds. Real Kslate at AucHun. Will be sold by Pnbh.; .^nrhou, on .VIOMiAY the 26th inst. all the Real tslatc lately belonging to Ben- jamin IVtl, deceased ; situalcd in Charlestowrj, viz. a valuable farm lying near the road leading Ir.im V\intej Hill to VVest (Jaiubiidsf. containing fj4 acres ol lirst rate land, on which ii a good dwelling house— a large barn— corn bar and other om buddijigs— 2 good wells— a valuable young orchard now in bearing state; ny yonng (ruit trees lately set ; a bed of as- paragus of choice growth. Snid lands are conveniently fenced into small lots by good stone walls, and arc bounded .n the Mi.ldlesex canal and the Medlbrd river; and has valuable fishing privileges for shad. alewives, eels Ac. The house is pleasantly situated ; has a fair view of the village of West Cambridge ami country surrounding. Iliswfll calculated (or a milk and vegetable farm, and particularly for the growth ol hay, and is within 5 miles ol the city. \lso a pleasant situation on said road, containing si.x arres, on which are a commodious dwelling house, a good barn, wheel Wright's shop, and other buildings ; ;i nursery olap pie trees containing several thousands most ol which ri !■> ■ , r.u \' r 1 1 c. . . , are inoculated rtnil many are now fit to set ; also an rhe IVnpnctors of the ^ew England Farmer and A'>- h.,nara^i.« h»rf of aKo„t h.>if ,„ ^ j •'"-'••" ii , I- . .»■ , i , J » asparagus oea oi aooui nail an acre and many athei ulturaU.slablishment have made arrangements for [ imp|.oy"„en,s . <• ' Tl ,- ■ ui ■ /. ; --> ,2 acre? of salt marsh lying .>n the north- „, , ,. , ,.. . ''T°f,l'"" L"''" '^"'"'y^i'l'''''" Medlbrd river near its intersection with the transplantmg and l,,liale proximity to the ocean itself. For the I wood are absolutely necessary.to the production gentlemen whose names are connected with the of flowers and perfect fruit His lorest trees advertisement referred to, I have the greatest hiidi were girdled sometimes lived to the fourth respect, and doubt not for a moment their full be- lief in the accuracy of their opinious, although 1 aui compelled by my experience to differ from them. You may expect frequent communications year. | These curious experiments of that learned and ingenious man will explain the rare, and as we then deemed it anomalous and unexampled fact of the prolonged duration of life of a button vvood tree, (Platanus) iu the grounds of Benjamin God- dard, Esq. of Brooklyn, whicli existed feebly for some years after the destruction of its bark and al- burnum or sap vfood. I w-ill only add a few of my own experiments on the orange and lemon trees. I found that the girdled limbs broke out into the most exuberant state of flowering the year after the experiment of girdling, while the residue of the limbs still contirined and now continue, five years after, bar- ren. The fruit, however, did not ripen. On thirty different pear trees, girdling one limb on each, the girdled limbs produced flowers :inl fruit, many years before the other ungirdled limbs; but in ever;! case, the girdled limbs have either perished, or are in a sickly state. I have tried the experiment on the fig, on the currant, and on many flower trees. The growth is improved but all the plants which have pith in the centre, are .Jii.ble-to be broken off by a slight stroke, or by wind. 1 cannot recommend giidling except tor the vine, where it may be used fearlessly on haalthy limbs, and in a constant succession of years. It may also be employed for the purpose of ascertaining at an earlier period than nature would ordinarily afford, the quality of unknovn, and new varieties of fruits. The peach and the cherry are impatient under the process of girdling. They are liable to gummy exudations, which are often fatal to the tree. • Notices of unco:nmon growths of trees often appear in your paper. The willow, or I should rather say, the most common species of the willow cultivated here is the most rapid in its growth of any tree we have. One on my ground planted out as a cutting, 35 years since, now measures 18 feet in circumference, and a button wood 18 years old, cut this season, measured 2 feet in diameter. These growths may very fairly be compared with any you have pub lished. Roxhury, March 15, 1827. from me in future. Yours most respect'ly, VVM. PRINCE. Linncean Botanic Garden, near \ J^ew York, Mnreh 12, 1827. J FRUIT TREES. Mr Fessf.nde.n — Perceiving an erroneous re- mark in an advertisement in your paper, I think it should not remain uncontroverted. It is that trees transplanted from this vicinity to the Northern States arc not so well calculated to thrive as those raised in your immediate vicinity. This fact is disproved by the circumstance that I never had trees to thrive more than a collection which was transplanted from South Carolina — and you will readily perceive the disparity in climate is far greater. Another proof to the contrary is Ihc full suoess which has hitherto attended those sent from Long Island to your vicinity. I have made SALE OF WOOL. The quantity of wool offered at the sale on the IGth inst. under the direction of the New England Society, was, we understand, much less than it probably would have been, had so active a demand been anticipated, as was the fact exhibited at the s.ile. From the supposed depressed state of tiie manufacturers, the holders of wool declined bring- ing forward their stocks, and that which was of- fered, we under-itand. was in general of inferior quality. The prices given were higher than ex- pectod. Sale of American Wool, at the Hall over the Market, by Coolidge, Poor, &. Head, March 16. — Terms, under JiiGO, cash, HlOO to 500, 4 months : $.500 and over, Ci months. Lot, No 1 high srrade Fleece Wools, 3000 lbs. 26 cents— 2. do W!i do. 27— .3, f a J blood, 500 do .31i— 4, full blood, 300 do 23A— 5, Merino, 250 do 2(ri— 0, I to full blood, 300"" do 32^-7, un- washed, 700 do 25—8, Merino, 1st quality, 500 do 61—9, high grade, 1000 do 25—10. do 800 do 26 13. 1000 do mixed 20i — 14, washed, full blood Meriro, with 13 fleeces Saxony, 1600 do 35 — 15. full blood Merino 1600 do 38—16 grade, 1000 do 25 ^ 17, full blood Merino and Saxon. 1500 do 30j'__18, grade, 1200 do 24i — 19, full blood, se- lected fleeces, 1300 do 38—20, do and 2 Saxony fleeces, 1200 do 4U — 21, full blood and high grade 2-500 lbs. 22 — 22, full blood selected fleeces, 1200 ]bs. 42 23, washed Merino, 25 cents — 24, un- washed, 17 — 25, unwashed Merino, 300 lbs- 22i 2^. Z to full blood Merino, and one bag Saxon. 230 lbs". 39 27, coarse Carpet Wool, 800 lbs. 9 —28, grade, 1000 lbs. 28.1—29, full blood, fine, 36;^- 30, Native, 2.300 lbs."4— 31, do 1000 11^— .32,"" do 1200 do 20—33, Merino, 450, 37—34, Washed, 3d qualitv 800 lbs 45—35, do 2d do 750 Ho ,5.3i— 36, do. 1st do 850 do ,56— 37, Merino, 6.50 do 37—36. Lamb's Wool, 1600 do 333— 39,do superior quality, 2300 do 34—40, Black Lambs" do 700 do 8—41, do do 750 do 18^. CHEAP, WHOLESOME AND SAVOURY FOOD. Take one pound of rice, steep it in cold water for several hours, (or from the night before would rlo better) then put it into boiling water, and, pre- viously steeped enough it will be boiled suflicient- Iv in about ten minutes ; then pour off the water and dry it on the fire, as in cooking potatoes. — Use it with the following gravy or sauce : — Two or three ounces of mutton suet fried with onions •174 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. March a.'J. If until done enough; then add .ome flonr and wa- 1 centre lengthwise, if there i^ a black speck in it, the clinre of a fruit so excellent mav be ter (as in making gravy) with salt, and about as j it is dead, and it wonld not p„t forth if the sprino- 1 removed. ' much cayenne pepper as will lie on an English | were ever so favourable ; if the bud be ^reen it i° sixpence; [or half a pistareen] the diaerent in- 1 alive. There are many more buds dead in north- gredients may however be varied to the taste.— ; cm than in southern situations. What the spring At the present wholesale prices of Kasl India rice, : frosts may do after the trees have blossomed and the above would only cost about three pence, and | the frnil formed, is yet unknown. B. would be a sufficient meal for a family of si.K per- i Fmmingham. March 19, 1^27. sons. — Ibid. SNOW. A letter from Dixmont. Alaine, under the date of March 9, gives the followin estimated quantity Accept the assurance of my perfect csteet AiNDKE' PARMENTII IhrticuUvral Garden, Brooklyn, \ Long Island, Ma.ch 9, 1837. ) [TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH.] GRAPEVINES. , . - -. ....,.^ ,,.r.»ut.u, xMr Editor — The remarks you made, which fol- ' "'^'^^^^'"'3' '" ""ake such culture successful. _!.__ :.._ _ 1 . believe thn rrr..r.n in „„„« .,(• ;._ U- 1 • .. Remarks by the Editor.— We did not men, our observations alluded to by M. Parmentil state any " objections to the culture of the vd bnt merely to intimate that some precantionl he following etateme it of the Mr Editor — The remarks you made, which fol- ' "'^'^.^^^'"'3' to make such culture successful, of snow which has fallen on a '°^^''''J 'he republication of my letter written last • J^^'"^^^.'^'"' ^''"pc in somo of its best varieti nter. February to the Editor of the N. Y. Daily Adver- ^ '^'"'^ ^f '"'""'t which is the most pleasii ^t' .1 r_ll.?r. t ticor ;ntli.^AJrt..rT?«.^l.,«,11? r*U« 0-l»* L thc nal.ltp a* lV*ill oo tha mrir-t .,.,]. .k_-. ./ level during the winter December -25 there fell 6 inches .January 20 4 1 Ifi 1.3 8 16 S 21 (i 5 2 10 i:? 11 S It) 4 20 '> February March 2 5 77 inches. The weather has been cold but steady. J ^,- ,..easii)| tiser, in the New England Farmer of the 2d March, "''. P'ii''»te as well as the most salubrious ofl appear to me judicious and prudent, and entirely "'^''^^ can be raised in this or any othei com accord with my opinions, maxims and instructions '^ '"'"^ "'"^ ^^^ apprehensive ihat the cultup concerning tlie culture of the vine in the northern t*!^ /'ne, in large vineyards, for the purpo parts of the United States. My experience went ^'^"'"eT the wine thus obtained, does not, at » simply to prove that the vines cultivated in the "^"t- l^i'l fair to become a profitable pursuit in | northern part of France, which form the greater "°''tliern part of the United States Yet, wc hi part of those I have offered by subscription to am- ateurs, can resist the severity of winter without cover ; and surely the winter we have undersone no doubt but raising grapes for the tabU maj made a source of emolument, to the gardcnerf - ... . ...I.,,-. ;:.,„=, '=""''''''«'» for profit, as well as of amusement 1 has very justly occasioned apprehensions. I do not employment to the amateur-cultivator. however intend to prevent covering these vines, '""'mers and gardeners, may also perhaps, which omission would be in opposition lo my opin ion, — particularly in the north, which I compare to the culture on the borders of the Rhine. On the contrary I recommend in my instructions, their account in- manufacturing wine from grape, in small quantities, for family use. But the way to give lasting, as well as bea cial cncouragen.ent to the culture of the grap Ihe weather has been cold but steady. We to the culture on the borders of the Rhine. On D"t tlie way to give lasting, as well as beJ|' have had three heavy thaws, which have reduced t''^ contrary I recommend in my instructions, '^''''' f"'^0"''>gf"-e!it to the culture of the gra^i the snow to about 30 inches on a level. As yet it which I deliver with my vines, to cover them, and '° caution against permitting our hopes snd wisH IS e.tcellent sleighing here. not to uncover them, in the north, till towards the takintr the lead of our judgement. The fjir —^ ; latter part of April. Those kinds should have ®'^^ted in M. Parmentier's communication for t NOVEL DEPREDATION. alieltnr during the most variable season in the cli- ^'''^ ^'"""k Advertiser were very encourafrin» *v.ij.^,,..i j^i-,. oiiciKu uu.-iiig iiif inosi variaoie season in me cii- Mr Editor— I feel it a duty to state, that some [ mate. While the vine is covered it remains in a erson has cut of!" and rnrrinfl uu/ov <.„o,-„ ^„;„„ ' f«,.r,;,i <,(o»„ „v,j i„., <•:.. .:.. ^^^ sufficient to prove that his vines, alluded to far as they went. But, we fear, that they Ire"] that his vines, alluded to, in general, for a succession of seasons, withsU person has cut of!" and carried away every scion | torpid state and loses none of its propertie from the best of the trees sent to my care by Th :i as soon as it is uncovered you may perceive it - „„...,..... A. Knicht Esq. From some of the trees they j shoot with reuen-ed vigour, when the mildness of the rigours and caprices of the climate in i, have taken fruit buds and all, so that unless new I the season excites vegetation. From the first of England or even in New York without coveri, buds should put forth at the sides, the trees are | May to the first of October, the vine should be though some perhaps, might be induced to d] ruined. A? I have criven away every graft and bud; inspected with reference to the different periods ' ■ ■ - i ..^ u_ il : __i c .. .. ,. .. --._--. --. . ..i».^ g..t.. ,.,. uj. .rvt-iy giaiu an;i uuo , nispecieu wiin reierence to tlie (iiUcrent periods ^'-'ch a conclusion from the statement of Mr without reserving any for myself, and as I have j of its flowering, and for supporting its fruit and rentier But since he asserts, in substance, considered the trees as public property, not my i branches. he recommends covering during the considered the trees as public property, not my i branches. nTi'ntl?" h",V*''k ""^"^ °"^'" '°J" "'"^' ""^-i ^ ''^^'^ "^P°^'«'' t'>« '-«' y^="- twenty thousand quainted with this base transaction. The depreda- | vine rooU (covering 4 acres of my establishment, Roxbury, March 21, 1827. PEACH trees! ' Mr Ff.sse.ndkn — Permit me to correct an error in an article, which appeared in the N. E. Farmer No .33 of the current volume, copied from the Franklin Post, relating to the preservation of ten- der fruit. The writer of that article, after pres- cribing certain remedies for the failure of fruit „ » ..... more sevM and mutable parts of the season, such of his vim as are most susceptible of injury from hard fn and sudden changes of temperature, our appre sions are probably without foundation, at leas, 10th of June. One month afterwards many "pro- *"" ^^ ""espects such individuals as may rocel duced flowers for bearing fruit. I cut away those '"Y^'"^"' °^^'' ^'"'""'ntior'.s instructions, whki flowers, which were in plain view, in order to ''® ''ehvers with his vines, strengthen the roots ; but some which escaped my " researches produced fruit the beginning of Sep- tember, so perfectly delicious as to surprise the /;«.,,., J u " f- -"'- I viiic luois ^covering 4 acres ol my establishment, —--■••—- ——k"""^ "■ '"juiy irom nam iroa t on wag made by some person to whom I had point- which contains 24 acres.) I commenced plantin^r ^"'' ^"■'^'''" changes of temperature, our apprehi od out the most valuable sorts. JOHN LOWELL. | them out in the month of Mav, and finished tl.: T"' "' ^'"^"-^^^ "■'"'°"' ''"""dation, at least? yfo.iiur^, Jl/arc/i 21, 1827. hoth nf Tnn^ n„„ u .«. , far as respects such individuals as may roceil METHOD OF SEASONING MAIIOGANYI IN A FEW HOURS. admirers of 'the Isabella grapesrbecause'theT had , '^^^ '■"PO'-tjince of this method of seasoning ms never tasted so good grapes in this country, or '"^''"y ""'/^^ hours, which in general has «. those which would bear any comparison to them. ,, r "^""^ '" " ^''"' '' ''"^^ ^''"''^'^ is iaan error, for it was known as e.rlv ,, Foh ""■'thern states of the union, what fruit can com- ^^ „v.»- ri "'".""'"*'"''^' <^c. must necessaiWJ Tu . r, I .1. 1 I 1 , ... "STing provided a Steam tight wooden box et- course of trade, all articles made of such wo|d| such as chairs, ballustrades, &c. must necessaiffl< be excessively subject to warp, which is preve^iJ season The winter past I have from time to time exam- ined my peach buds, before those e.Ureme cold days in January last ; tliey were in good liealth. Sjnce that tiioo many of tliem have died, on some trees almost the whole ure deud. If it be asked how it is known that blos.soins are killed in winter, J reply it is by splitting the blossom b^id is the I .1. 1 I 1 , ... "»»in& proTiuen a steam tight wooden box et- think I have answered your objections to the I pable of holding conveniently such piece" oT 1 culture of the vine. Your opinion without my hogany as are fit for chair.r&ca'^ pre from '■ I explanation might somewhat discourage the ad- 1 boiler is adnnted tn it 1,.. J„ c '^T i. ^ P mirers of this sort of fruit in New England, J'tl^C'^V: Ln\T^^^^ country .0 interesting to industnous cultivators. ' with ,team, the temperature of wdiichi abS "^ and so sohcitoue to luiprov. and increase its ad- equal to that of bnilincr water ^'"' vantages. And have shown that .„y obst.scle to ., The time required 'fcr inch and half wood* '■' i 1. V No. 3o. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 276 '■''1 two hours, and pieces of this thicknees will PRINCK'S FRUIT TREES VINES, &c. le sufficiently dry to work after boiny placed Mr Wm. Prince, Alabamn, Bee. 2, I82fi. '^ Farm room or work-shop 24 hours. The .S/r.— With much pleasure I trjve you an nc- At the annuiil mooting of the Hampshire, Frank- lin and Hampden Agricultural Society, March 7, 1827 — Isaac C. Bates, Esq. was chosen President, by this treatment is somewhat improved in count oCthc/niil trees, vine.% &c. transmitted to and Gen. E. Iloyt, Hon. M. Dooliltlo, Hon. Joseph neral colour, and those hlemishes which arc me from your establishment last sprin;?. | Strongr, .loel Norcroas and Roland Burbank.Esq'rs. icuUy called irrren vein.<, are entirely remov- The time they rfmained in the ho-; in which Vice Presidents ; I>. Stobbins, Esq. recording and It is also obvious, that the ejtrs or larvae of they were orijinally packed was <«'o vioiilhs ««'/ i corresponding Secretary ; S. Wells, .Tr. Esq. ts which may be contained in tlissrs. Timothy Chandler, Stephen Ambrose. Walker, Abel Hutchins, .and Isaac Dow, to lasi" such a farm as they raigjit see fit, and ale stock for the same : and authorised the tmen to hire and appropriate all needful sums le payment of the purchase money and ex- [Concord Statesman.] I Of crreines, I received Jit'ne kinds — t lost one ! pr^'iiiutn "f^ $1*^' was awarded to Col. Elisha Ed from accident. 1 wards, of Soutlinnipton. fii}f}..'!hellefl iilmonda orew equal to any peach \ It is understood that the Society will take meas n the country — lost none. J "res in connection with the civil iiithority to pre Pinches — lost none : thevgrow admirably. j vent all tipling stands on the day of the next pub Figs — lost none ; the same remark mav be made "c exhibition. oftlicm. " I The due VW^aUen an 1 St Germnin pears grow I LAMP APPARATUS FOR HEATING well. If the c;roir h of the tree is anv proviso of fruit, we have- reason to expect tlie finest p':'a The exiranrilinani srrowlh of fruit trees cuUivat- in this section of the United States is cenerally noivn. The growth of the .npplo trees from your WATER, &,c. The Editor of the New England Parmer ha*, invented and obtnined Letters Patent for " a Lamp Apparatus for heating water, cooking, and other economical purposes." One modification of this es'frhlhhmenl. I, found eqvrri f, the trees of the I '"^''■".','"" ''^^ 'r^" *'°'!.".'| ^'"5"'^^''"' ^° ''"'^R'^'^- countrv. (generally) cultivated \lni^cr stmilrtr cir- \ ci(vtsla7iee.i. CUTTING ClONS FOR GRAFTING, cutting cions for graf^inj- the following' di- j ons from Forsyth may prove useful. Select Is of the former year ; for where they are I ome additional kinds of fruit. Respectfully- vour oh't serv't. JAMES AfAGOFFIN. P. S. T expect you will receive several orders for they never succeed well. " Always take ,,^^ ^p^j^^^^ f^^ the wir.e grreipes of Ma-'eira. Bour 1 from healthy fruitful trees ; for. if the trees which thev are taken be sickly, the grafts often partake so muc-h of the distemper as idj^ected fast towards those obiectn. and will soon, y to get the better of it. at least for some ! j ^^ persuaded, prove a part of the wealth of this s: and when they are taken from young lux- 1 ^t^te— it being admirably calculated from .soil and nt trees, whose vessels are generally large, | climate, to produce the finest icints and the best will continue to produce luxuriant shoots, ^^^^_ j jyj are seldom so productive as those which are j n from fruitful trees whose shoots are more j TEA. pact, and the joints closer together ; at least - Mr Wm. Prince, of Lonar Island, has about a ■ill be a great number of years before the luxu- hundred fine flowering plants, both of the Greon itt grafts begin to produce frnif. even if mana- and the Black or Bohea Tea. He has also the with the greatest skill. You should pre- J^P^n Tea of North Carolina, the New Zealand 13 will appear by the following recommendations Mr.. Fessenden, Sir, — I have for the last six I shall forward you an order in a few days for | months, made use of your quart Lamp-Boiler. — It is the most convenient, cleanly, cfBcacious and economical method I have ever made u^e of for preparing Infusions, Syrups or Ointments at anv season of the year, but particularly in summer. — t have made several experiments, and have found that in ten. minutes it will boil 1 quart of water The quantity ol" alcohol consumed is but 1 oz. the expense 1 cent. I consider your apparatus, now I have become acquainted with it. as almost in dispensable. It may be, I think, also, very use- ful in a nursery, a sick chamber, or for culinary purposes ; your gallon boiler I have also used, and find it to answer equally well, where larger quan tities are to be heated: Your obedent servant, JOSEPH KIDDER, Druggist, Boston Feh.^a, 1827 deaux. Biirgundv — the Tokav, Sweetwater. &c.— the silk wulhrrri/. as the ouhlic attention is those grafts which are taken from the lateral '^<^^' ""'^ ''Of"? plants, the flowers of which are u orizontal branches, to those from the stron Mn Fessenbem — We the subscribers fully ac ■oendicular shoots, for the reasons before o-iven. These grafts, or cions, should be cut otf from trees before their buds betrin to swell, which ed with others in perfuming the finer descriptions j cord «''th Mr Kidder in his opinion of the utility, of Ten. cheapness and despatsh attending the use of your • ~ ! Lamp-Boiler, for the purposes he has mentioned. Fruit Trees— The failure of peaches and apri- 1 Reed & Howard ; Ebene?er Wight ; Ephraim L. ,, r "-...., ,u,.w.,^ «,,,„ ^^^^_ ,^^j was owing undoubtedlv to the KHot • W B &H W White -John J Brown enerallv three weeks or a month before the >,„ . „,, • , „ „o„, .i,„ c . .■ j''""'^' " • d- o- n. »» ■ vv niie , jonn j. crown , rattin.r: ,t,eretore. wnen th^v ,,, ['■"f which came .after the process of vegetation John Thayer; John P. Whitwell ; Maynard & honld he laid in the .round with the ^ ;-"'"'^''";f " ^^^ «"""'' "P-^n^^ too early Noyes ; A. T. Lowe ; Daniel Henchman ; William Is. buryin. them half their lenMh, \^' '^r\ ! \ t " '7" .'f , " ^''''''"'' ^^"^gists, Boston. ', . • ., , ,. ' I ground nhoiit such trees remains frozen until late son for trrafting : therefore, when thf v offther shonld he downwards coverinrr their tons with dry litter, to r^e- j ;„ j^^ f,^i„^ t,,^^^ i;,;,^,^ 7^-^^^; „j. ^j^^j^-j^ T^";, | The inventor has, in addition to the above, the t their drying : if a ssiall ;oint of the lormer , i^.,,^^,, ^^. }^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^j^ ^^^ perhans be ef- signatures to the same effect, of a number ef other rs wood be cut off with the con. it w-ill nre- ^^^^^^ bv means of the snow now upon the .rround. i druggists, including in the whole, nearly all who ve It the better, and when thev are o-rafted this ; j^^f ^ ,,^„^. „f ^^^^^ ^^ tf,^^„,^ „p ^„„^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ | are established in that business in Boston. hic-h and broad as convenient, and let it be Lamp-Boilers, of the above description maybe y be cut off; for at the same time the cions St be cut to a proper length before they are m- j ^g,^ ^^^,,, ^^ ^^ to make it as solid ^s possible, I °°'»'"«<^ "'"'« "'^^'^ "^ 'he New England Farmer, ted ,n the stocks ; but. till then, the shoots , ,„^ ^^ ^„„„gj ^^i^j, ^^^^,^. „^ ^„„,^ ^j^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ : No 52 North Market street ; of Joseph Kidder. i!dremni»«f their full length, as thev were f„r the purpose of preservin-r it in the same ^i^fg' druggist, corner of Hanover and Court streets; :eT, from the tree, which will better preserve ,,^ ,„^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ solid' mass of ice will thus i ''''"^"^'" Wight, druggist, Milk street, opposite jm from shrinking: it these cons are to be cnr- ,,^ f„^„,^_ ,^.,,.^,, „,„, ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ j,,^ Federal street ; Richard A. Newell, in Sum- d to a considerable distance it will be proper ,,„ ^^^ preserve the tree lon-rer against the : '"^ ^fe"^'' *"'' William Howe, Tin plate-worker, put their ends into a lump of clav. and to wrap ,5^^;,)^^ ^^ ^^ i^j,,^^^ ,,^ ^^^^^ fWorcester Yeom.l ■ ^" " Marshall street, «ho alone has a right, under l?ra up in moss, which will preserve them fresh " [ I the Patent, to manufacture said Lamp-Boilers. — • a month, or longer ; but these should be cut Cruellu. — A mnn wns arrested in Philadelphia j Patent rights to make, sell, &c. said Lnmp-Boil- ■from the trees earlier than those which are to on the Sfith nit. for forcing a horse to draw three | f rs, may be obtained of the Editor of the New grafted near the place where the trees are <-02(/i of pine weod upon a wagon, for a bet. (England Farmer, owing." 1 276 NEW ENGLA^JD FARM Ell. March 23. 183 0.\ liA. Lu^iVti'L, O/ .ML;-.. By the late Ahchieald Stefiieksd.s, Esq. of Mongicenan, in Ayrshire.'^ The public attention liavinfc of atte been particu- larly called to the possibility of groicing Silk in the British Is ands : the Socieit/ have ban imlticsd to direct the publication of the follou^inx; observaiions. Thty have been for several years in the Society's possession ; but beina the result nf actual practice and careful observation, will be highly acceptable to those who are about to direct their capital into this new channel of industry. Havings resided for five years in the provinces of Languedoc .ind Quercy, in the South of France where the utmost attention is paid to the cnltiire of sillj ; I einbrKced that opportunity of observing with care, the manner in which this lucrative branch of manufacture and commerce was carried on ; and indeed I was led to bestow the more at- tention upon this important subject, from an idea, I entertained, that this valuable culture by proper care, might certainly be introduced into Great Britain, particularly in the southern parts of this island, where there are large tracts of land, which would answer perfectly for the production of the mulberry tree, and which, from the nature of the soil, can never bo employed to any great advan- tage in rearing corn. To show in some measure, that this object well merits the attention of this country, it iiiay not be improper to mention that from a memorial in rela- tion to the culture of silk in l'"rance, drawn up for the inspection of the French minister, and of which I was favored v/ith a perusal, by the author thereof; it appeared that the value of the rav/ silk raised in France in the year 17(14, amounted to no less thiin thirty millions of livres ; and it must iiativraily be supposed, that the value of it must now be increased considerably, as the cul- ture of silk has been extending itself rapidly to- wards the more northern parts of the country since that period. Having with grent pleasure observed the pro- gress which has been made by the Society of Arts, &c. with a viow to introduce this valuable culture into Britain, I must beg as a mark of the high respect in which I hold the Society, for their un- remitted attention to every object which can serve to promote the prosperity of this country, to be permitted the honor of laying before them the following observations in relation to that c Iture, which I collected during my residence in France ; and shall reckon myself particularly happy, if any of them shull be found to be of use to them, in the prosecution of the truly patriotic views of the So ciety. 1. It appears proper to begin by giving some little account of the mulberry tree, since, as the Society justly observes, this is the first object which chiima our attention; because we must first I of all make some provision of food for the silk [ worms, before any trials at large can be carried \ into execution witli any propriety, or indeed with any rational hope's of success. There are two kinds of black mulberry tree which have been cultivated in France. The first of these bears a fruit well known, and frequently presented at table, being the same which is c^ilti- vated in our gardens in the neighborhood of Lon- don. But the loaves of this tree have been found, from experience, to be too liarsh and too succu- Jent, to prove in every respert a pro;)or food for * From tlie Transactions of tlie Society of Arts. Manufactures and Commerce. Uii' ^i[K ,•. onn , aUii In -lik it vn'iil.i turns out to I be course, and of an ii fjrior quality. Tiie second kind of tiie black mulberry tree I carries fruit inferior to tlie other in jioint of size and improper for the table ; but the leaf of it has been found superior to the first as food for the [silk worm; and it is less harfjh, less succulent, i and yields siik of a finer qualily than the one first i mentioned. ■ This second sort of the black mulberry is, in all probability, the particular kind, which is said to be at present cultivated in the kingdom of Valen- cia, in Spain for the use of their silk worms ; and, indeed, many of their old plantations in France consist of this sort. But their new plantations consist wliollv of the white mulberry tree, hereaf- ter to be mentioned, which is the only one they now nnltivatp in all their nursery grounds for the use of their silk worms ; so far at least as I had occasion to see them. There is n third sort, known by the name of the white mulborrv, tlie leaf of which is more terider and less sticculent than either of the other two, and has been found to produce silk of the finest and best quality. Some people, I find, have been led to think, that thi^ kind of the mulberry tree does not carry any fruit, r.nd that it can only be propagated by layers; but in this particular the fact stands much other- wise. For. thona-h the white mulberry may not perhaps produce any fruit in a climnte so far north as ours, which, hov/ever, I do not take it npon me to sny is the case ; vet the truth is that in cli- mates such as that of the South of France, this tree carries fruit in vm-v rrreat qunntities, though it is of a smaller kind than either of the two al- ready mentioned. It is of a dusky white colonr, rather inclining a litth; to vellow ; and contains a I number of small seeds, like mustard seed ; from which larire nurseries of this valuable tree are i now annually raised all over the southern parts of I Frnnce. | For a number of yesrs after the culture of silk wa'i introduced into Prance, the people were ac- customed to employ the leaves of the different kinds of mulherrv trep* before mentioned promis cnoiislv ; and some arafts of the white mulberry I from Piedmont, and from Spain, which carried a' laro-er leaf than the one they had got in France, having been obtained from those countries, these grafts were put upon French seedling stocks, i which had the effect of increasing greatly the i si'e of the leaves, and was regarde-' as an acqui- 1 sition, as it certainly produced a larger stock of leaves as food for the worms. The consequence was. that this practice of rrrafting prevailed for many years all ovpr Provence and Lanjuedoc. Rut Monsieur Marteloy, a physician at Montpe- lier, who had made the cnlture of the silk v.'orm his particular study for a number of years toreth- er, at last made it 'clearly apparent to the convic- tion of every body, by a rei^ular course of atten- tive and well conducted experiments, that the leaf of the seedling' white mulbrrry ivas the food of nil others the best for this valuable insect : as the worms which were fed with this particular leaf were found to he mc.rp healthy ai'd \'iEroroii«. and less subject to diseHseii of any kind than those that were fed upon any of the other kinds of leaves above mentioned ; and that their silk turn- ed out to be of the »ery best quality. Since that time, namely, ITfi."), a decided preference has been given to this particular leaf beyond all the others. The first object in the culture of the mulberry i» to make choice of a spot of gruumi for a . bed of a gravelly or sandy soil, which has bee! garden culture, or under tillage for some and in good heart. When this ground is , oughly dressed, they make drills at the disti of twofeet from euch other, as they usually do! lettuce or sallads. Thpy then cover the si lightly with some of the finest earth after pul it through a sieve ; ami if the weather happe be dry, they water it sligntly once or tw; week, as they judge to be necessary. These they sow as above at aoy time from the e: April to the end of M-,iy, and even during the week in .Tune ; snd I observed that some ers, the better to ensure success, were in pr-ictice of sowing the seeds at three diffej times during the same season ; to wit, the sowing in the la-t week of .\pril ; the stei about the middle of May ; and the third the ginning of June. When the plants are fairly above ground, tj take particular care to keep them clear weeds, and, from time to ti.me, to stir with a spj er hoe the ground in the intervals between diflerent drills." After remaining for two years in the seed bi they take up the plants ; such of thein as are] the si^e of a writing quill, thoy plant out in nursery groinids ; each plant at two feet dista from each other in the row, and the rows at th feet distance from each other, that there ma; room for cleaning and dressing the ground twixt the plants. At transplanting thoy cut ne-irly naif the root, and also cut off the topi about six or seven inches above the ground the other plants, which are too small for the a scry they plant out thick by themselves, to re for another year, or two, if necessary ; aftei which they plant them out in the nursery grounds as above. The most proper time for transplnnting the mulberry tree is just after the fall of the leal in autumn. When the plants in the nursery are sprung they take care to strip off the side buds, and leave none but such as are necessary to form the head of the tree. If the oiants in the nursery do not shoot wdl the first year, in the month of March followiBg. they cut them over, about seven inches from tbe ground, which makes them come on biiskly the year folhi.ving'- When the plants are grown to the size of one inch in diameter, they plant them out in the fields where they are to remain, making the pits whore they plant them of the si-e of six feet square, and dressing the ground for twenty inches or two feet deep. During the first ye ir of planting out they leave the whole buds which the trees have pushed out on the top until the following spring, when they take care to leave non.-^ but three or four branches to form the head of the tree ; and as the buds come out they take off all those which appea* upoi the body of the tree, from the bottom all th« way up to those which arc left to form the head of the tree ; and for several years after, at the seaS- ens above mentioned, they take care to o[ren the heiida of the trees, when too thick of wood, and particularly to cut off any branch, which takes the lead from Ihe rest, and to engross more of the sap than falls to its share, that the different bran- ches may increase equally as much as possible. After the trees are planted out, and likewise while the plants are in Uie nursery grounds, they •}h §ol. V No. 35. care to dress the irronnds uboiil the trees Jlarly three or four limes a year, which great- Isists tho trees to get on. (To bi rnntinutd.) LIS!" OF HRKMlUiVlS if Cattle Shew, Exhibition of Matin facturcs, Jou^hing Malcli. S(C. at Pawtiixtt, li. I. on ^ilnesdiiy and l^hursdny, the Sd and Athof Oc- Standing Committee of the Rhode Island So- ty fcr the Encouragement of Domestic Indus- r, oft'er tlie following premiums : FOU STOCK. the best Native Bull, to be kept in the State e year after the Fair, S 15 the next be.st do. Hull, on like conditions, 10 the ne.vt best do do do 8 the best Bull Calf, 5 the ne.xt best do do a vol. New England armer, and 1 the ne.\t best do do the N. E. Farmer. li the best Bull, of foreign breed, 20 tl;e best half blood Bull, 10 the best Cow, 10 the next best do. 8 the ne.Nt best do Vol. N. E. Farmer, an.l 2 the 4th best do. N. E. Farmoc. the best yearl.ng Heifer, 6 the next best do Vol. N. E. Farmer, and 1 the next best do. N. E. Parmer, the best Heifer Calf, 5 the next best do Vol. N. E. Parmer, and 1 • the ne.xt best do Vol. N. E. Farmer. • the best Ox, fatted in this State, regard to le had to, and a particular statement to be iven of, the mode and e.xpense of fatting, 10 ■ the next best do do C r the next best do do Vol N. E. Farmer and 1 r the best pair of Working Csttle, to have •een owned in the State at least 3 months be- bre the Fair, Vol. N. E. Farmer, and 2 r the next best do do N. E. Farmer and 1 r the next best do do N. E. Farmer r the best pair of Steers, -3 years old, C r the next best pair do N. E. Farmer, and 1 ir the next best do do N. E. Farmer. If the best pair of Steers, 2 years old, 5 t)r the next beet pair do do Vol N. E. Farmer, and ir the next best pair do do N. E. Farmer, Dr the best Merino Ram, 10 or the next best do. 0 or the next best do. N. E. Farmer, or the best Boar, to be kept in the state till the first of April, 1C27, 10 or the next best do do 8 or the 3d best do do N. E. Farmer, or the best Pigs, not less than two in number, no less vhan four months old, nor more than eight months — to have been raised in this State, 6 or tlie next best do do Vol. N. E. Farmer, and 1 or the 3d best do do N. E. Parmer, or the best stad Hor.'^c, to be kept in the State the season iifter the Fair. .50 No Stock from 'iatilleries or breweries, will be ntitled to any premium. No animal on which a iremium has heretofore been awarded, shall be ntitled to a second premium, except it be for an ntirely distinct premium, and for qualities ditfer- nt from those for which the former premium was warded. NEW ENGLAIVD FARIVIEK. FOR GKAI.X,VF,eETABLI' CROl'S.A.NU AO lUC i LTl RAL EXPKRI'.I KNTS. To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of In lan Corn, on not less that four acres in one piece of ground, ,$20 To the person vsho shall raise the greatest quan- tity, liilto, on not less than one aero of land, 10 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Barley on not less than 2 acres, 8 To the person who sliall raise the gieatost quan- tity of Onions, in proportion to the land culti- vated, 5 To the person who shall raise the next greatest quantity, a Vol. of the N. E. Farmer. To tlie person who shall raise the greatest crop of Millet on an acre, cut and cured for hay, the claimant givingj evidence of the time of souing, the quantity of seed sown and the quantity of hay produced, JO To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity ot vegetables, grain, pea-, and beans, excepted, for winter consumption, of the stock on his own farm, and not for sale, in proportion to the si. e of the farm and stock kept, having regard to the respective value of the said veg- etables as food" stating the expense of raising the same, and the best mode of preserving the same through the winter, 15 To the person who shall raise thf greatest quan- tity of Potatoes, on an acre of land. 10 To the person who shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Mangel VVurti.el, on not less than n quarter of an acre, 5 To the person v^ho shall raise the greatest quan- tity of Sugar Beets, on Jiot less than a quar- ter of an acre, 5 To the person who shall make the most satisfac- tory experiment, to ascertain the best mode of raising Indian Corn, in hills, in rows, or in ridges ; not less than half an acre being em- ployed in each mode, in the same field, iho quantity and quality both of land and manure to be equal and uniform in each mode ; all to receive a cultivation requisite to produce a good crop, 12 To the person who shall introduce any Grass not before cultivated m this State, and prove by actual experiment, tested by satisfactory evidence, its superiority to any other grass, now cultivated, 20 To the perron who shall, by actual experiment, prove the best season and modes of laying down land to Grass, whether spring, summer, or fall seeding be preferable, and with or with- out grain, on different soils, 10 Neither of the above crops must have been rais- ed on land where the same crop was raised the year previous. To the person who shall raise the best Celery, not less than six bunches, 3 To the person who shall take up in the season, on his own farm, the greatest quantity of good honey, and shall at the same time exhibit su- perior skill in the management of Bees, 5 Competitors for the above premiums must fur- nish the Secretary, on or before the first of De- cember, 1827, with written statements certified by disinterested and respectable persons, as to the following particulars; 1. The •tate and quality of the land in the spting of 1827. 2. The product and general state of cultivation and quantity of manure employed on it in the year preceding. 277 3. I"hc quantity of manure used the present season. 4. The quantity of seed used, and, if potatoes^ the sort. 5 The time and manner of sowing, weeding and harvestini. the crop, and the amount of the product ascertained by actual measurement, af- ter the whole produce for which a premium is claimed, is harvested, and the entire expense of cultivation. The statement of crops must also bo accompani- ed by a ceriificHte taken under oath, of two per- sons who assisted in measuring them, as well as with the certificate of a surveyor of Ihe measure- ment of tlie land, together with a plat of the same. FOR SHOP JlANlFACTURES. For the best side of Sole Leather, with a written " statement duly certified, of the mode and time of tanning, )J4 For the best Belt Leather, 4 For the best white oak Hogshead, 4 For the best >io Barrel, 2 For the best imitation beaver Hat, 3 For the best woollen do 1 For the best cast-steel Rollers, not less tlian eight in number, 5 For the best throstle Spindles and flyers, not less than 12, 5 For the best Mule Spindles, not less than 12, 5 For the best top rollers, 5 A Volume of the New England Farmer to each of the following Implements. Best cast iron Plough, Best Ox Waggon, " Horse-Harrow '■ Ox-Harrow, " Corn Sheller, " Horse do. " Apple Pearer, " Vegetable Cutter, " Straw ("utter, A Volume also to each of the following, not less than twelve in number : Hoes, Axes, Scythes, Rakes, Fly Shuttles, Morocco Sheep Skins, Iron Shovels, Top Rollers — Leathern. Implements of husbandry, and articles of Shop Manufacture of superior excellence, not particular- ly enumerated, may receive premiums at the dis- cretion of the Examining Committee. BUTTER, CHEESE, AND HOUSEHOLD MANUFACTURES For the best Cheese, all from the same dairy, not less in quantity than 100 pounds, 8 For the next best do. C For the next best do Vol. N. E. Farmer and 1 4. premium N. E. Farmer. For the best Butter, not less than 40 weight, 8 For the next best, C For the next best do Vol. N. E. Farmer and 1 4. premium N. E. Farmer. For the best Bonnet Manufactured of native straw or grass, 6 For the next best do- 4 For the best piece of Carpeting, 4-4 wide and not less than 15 yards, 6 For the next best do do 4 For the next hest. Vol. N. E. Farmer and J 4. premium. Vol. N. E. Farmer. For the best lot of woollen knit Hose, at least 3 pair, 2 For the best Flax or Hemp do 2 For the best cotton and woollen do do 2 For the best do worsted do 'J 278 NEW ENGLAP^JD FARMER. If arch -Si. laS/.. For the best piece of woollcii Flannel, V"-8 wide \ 30 yards at least. ^ For the best do. cotton and woollen do do 5 For the best piece of woollen Clloth, fulled and dressed 3-4 wide, and Itl yards long at least, 5 All to have been manufactured in tliis State and within the last year, and a certificate thereof re lf< pieces, 15 For the best bale or box brown do. from 12 to 20, 15 For the best piece of woollen Flannels, 28 yards at least, 5 For the best do. of cotton and woollen do do 5 For the best case of Calico, 15 All lo have been manufactured within the last year, and in mills owned by citizens of this State. FOR BREEDI.NO FISH IN FRESH WATER. Per the most successful experiment in breed- ing- and fntteninji Fish in fresh water ponds, for market 10 For the most successful e-xperiments in breed- ing sea fish in fresh ponds 15 Many kinds of salt-water Fish, it is well known, increase rapidly in fresh water. PLOUUHING MATCH. adjudged lor the best work with least e.>ipense froui your aaparagiis beu, as many roots aaj of labour. .fill your hot-beds, and set them in rows that j All persons engaged in the plougliirig match < admit the hoe between, and from one to tbi must own the plough and cattle which thny enter. It must be understood, that in all cases, wheth- er tliere be any competition or not, it is at the inches asunder in the rows, (roots of four yd old, and that have never been cut, answer bai cover with your frame, and when you pick fori crction of the Committees to withhold a premium, icut within the ground " if in their opinion the object so ofl'ered is not de serving of reward. Any attempts to obtain premiums by unfair prac- : plant them, by \«i]ich a good crop is obtained tices will be punished by a forfeiture of the premi- um, should it have been awarded before a discove- ry, and will also proclude the offender from being permitted to apply for premiums in future In the cultivation of Carolina potatoes, it is bm to start them ii.' a hot bed, and afterwards traDi INDIAN CORN FOR FODDER. A cultivator, « ho the last season, was succesr Pre- I ffil in raisinj Indian corn for fodder, sown breiul miums not demanded within six months after they ^cast, solicits further information on this subject are awarded, will be considered as given to pro- 1 He wishes in i.articular to know what has b«er mote the objects of the Society. For the Standing Committee, JAMES RHODES. found the most eligible mode of cutting, drying, ,, and securing a crop of this kind, and whether thcil i scythe, sickle or cradle is to be preferred for cut- fit cepl ilijii seJtt --^s ting. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 23, 1827. It would also be a favor to inform what quauti ty of seed on an acre, when the corn is sovMi broad c.nst, is most likely to produce the best suit. The gentleman to whom we allude thini that three bushels is the proper allowance of sei :ipilii lilt" HOT BEDS. Hot-beds are things not merely of luxury, as 3„t agriculturists differ on this subject has been asserted, but of reil utility, especially to farmers and gardeners, who send their produc- tions to market. Plants which are brought to ma- First Plough, .f 10 Third Plough, Ploughman, 1 Phiushman, Driver, 1 Driver, Second Ploughman, 8 Fourth Plough, $4 Ploughman, 1 Ploughman, Driver, 1 Driver, PEAS. When peas ar^ sown in autumn or early in sprii turity in the open nir, may often be rendered fit they are liable to be eaten by mice. To prevg for the table a month earlier in consequence of this, an English writer recommends soaking t| being sown, and forwarded during the earlier peas for a day or two in train oil. before you gwj stages of their existence in hot beds. them, which (he says) will encourage tlieir veget-j The most plain and simple directions for ir.ak- ation, and render them so obnoxious to mice thttl* ing hot beds, which we remember to have seen, they will not eat them. It is recommended in alll are the following from Mr Butler's Farmer's Man- tliose sorts wliich grow high, to have only 1 rowjn ual. a place, and then leave a bed 10 or 12 feet wi^i " Mark out your bed, to the size of the frame for onions, carrots, or any crops which do not gro to 8 feet di- ameter, with a smooth flat bottom, and 6 or 8 inch- es deep ; this is for holding the corn, and under this vessel is another of cast iron or of wood, 2 or 3 inches deep, and made steam tight; the steam is introduced betwixt these vessels, which will raise such aheat in the upper one as will be suffi- cient for tlie purpose proposed and the panful of corn \vould be dried in a very short time ; when this is done, the process can be repeated as often as necessary. Where corn mills arc driven by .steam engines, ■a little steam can be brought from the ln.iler by a small pipe, which would answer the purpose, but when water i;; applied as the moving power, a small boiler might be erected for the purpose. The corn conld,be dried much faster in this way than any mill could grind it, and without itie least chance of burning it, or giving it a bad^th,'stc by over-heating. M. P. The use of steam admitted into metallic cylin- ders for the purpose of drying cloth, &c. is well known to clothiers and dyers ; 'but we have not heard of its. application as above, in this country. Might not something of the kind answer a good purpose in kiln drying hops. — Editor. dered to tht poor, which is 'lOt promotive of indus- try, is aclualti/ a premium for idleness. I " [N. Y. Ev. Post.] I foal. — We understand that for some weeks past a few enterprising individuals have been bor- ing tor coal in the northern part of South Hadley, near Mount Holyoke, and that there are indica- tions that a coalfield exists at no great distance. On Professor Hitchcock's " Geological Map of may n ly with confideuce Ihal Ihu trees Ihcy ortU prnvi- ijtnuiue. The subsciihtr, agent of the above nuisery, V( ceive ordirs lor any quantitv of FRUIT AND FORF.sT TREES FLOWERING .SHRUBS, ' A\D Ti.AN'I'S. ^nd the trees will be dnlivired in this city at tl and expense of the Purchaser; the bills may bi to him. t ., ,, ■ . ,, u , li- r- , i"77 n 111 I ne reputation nf this nursery is SO extenslvelv the Conueciicut," about half of South Hadley, all ^,,,^ ,, Jheen so well sustained that I take leave ot Granby. the greater part of Ludlow and a small fcr those in want of trees to any of the Ho liculi portion of Belchertown, are marked as belonging-l in t'is city am! its vicinity, and ifocular demoosl to the " Coal Formation," — that is, in those places all the voiks are found whicl^ usually contain or accompany beds of coal, vi-... greenstone, micace- ous sandstone, shale, puddingstone, &c. Profes- ser H. says the coal hitlierto discovered along the Connecticut occurs in thin beds or veins only, which renders it doubtful whether e.xtensive b ds of tliis valuable mineral will be found, but he re- marks that he would not wish to discourage furth- er search Hamp. Gaz. TO REM:)VE SPOTS OF GREASE, PITCH OR OIL FROM WOOLLEN CLOTH. In a pint of spring water dissolve an ounce of pure pear! "sh, adding to the solution a lemon cut in small slices. This being properly mi.\ed and kept in a warm state for two days, the whole must be strained and kept in a bottle for use. A little of this liquid poured on the stained part, is said instantaneously to remove all spots of grease, pitch or oils, and the moment tliey disappear the clotli is to be washed in clear water. — Glasgozi) Mechan- ic's Magazine. FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS. Put into a sugar hogshead a ^mall barrel of tar, pour upon it" a pailful or two of boiling water, stir it, and then fill it up with cold ; with this water the ground, and it will ilestroy all worms, grubs, and other Urvae, which are within a considerable distance of the surface of the soil. Should any escape, and make their appearance in the caterpil- lar state, immediate resource should be had to a strong infusion of elder tops or leaves, the moment the elder becomes green ; this will elfectually j check the advance of all insects. — Ibid. Signs. — The following lines, Sriys an English paper, are written upon a public house, in a village of Westmoreland : — .Tohn f^tandly lives here, and sells good ale ; Walk in to g:et some before it jrnws stale. .Tohn succeeded his father Peter ; But in the old man's time the ale was never better. It has often afforded us amusement in travelling, to copy from sign boards such inscriptions as were remarkable for their oddity or quaintness of wit. — About the year 1809, when the country between Rome (old Fort Stanwi.\) and Sackett's Harbor was chiefly a wilderness, we had occasion to tnake two or three journies through those gloomy for- ests; and never were our eyes more delighted than when, during one of the latest of these journ ireil. I invite thost ivho wi-h to he thus sat' to examine the trees in my garden at Dorrheste cnrid from this nursery for three or four years some of which are now in bearing, all in a health ^K vigonni,! state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on appli to ZEB. COOK' Uogprs' Bnilding — Congress .'^tn Kenrick jyursery. FRUIT 4NU FO It F.ST TREES foi as usual near the Brighton Post Oil _ The .\ursery contains a good varietyol lish herry Trees; and of Pear trees, from whicl tlemen who seasonably appl}' ran obtain sai sevfral of .Mr Ki ight's new sorts, so highly recoi ed in the .Agricultural Journal. .Also many thoi of liudded apple trees o sup. rior kinds, good sizi allowed by all to he very thrifty and handsome eral thousands of budded Pearh trees, consistil) choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts dij ed in gardens or the mark- 1 ; the peach trees ai 5 to 8 feel high, and the huyiT has his choici cents each ; there are likewise plenty of Aprico Nectarines. Of good sized Ornamental trees, the Flowen'm alpas, and Horse Chesnut — the Mountahi Ash — ing Willow — Silver Fir — Larch — Sugar maple- ternnt, &c. Currant bushes, — the common red sizes, by the dozen hundred, or thousand, on i ate terms. — Also the large Dutch U hi(e, and R Champaine ..nd the Black, — Red, Whili^^ •all lot Damask Rose bushes. — Senna. Gun ics, on a very hot day,a shantee erected amidst th lofty trees a few rods hevond Fish Creek, arose to I grape?,— Red and White Antwerp Raspberries, our view, (now, we belie'vc, in the town of Ta ''h^ N"""y-7i'.hin ^ix miles ol Boston and , ,, J I .. i_ . ,, , .,,,.,, ny viewed stands m no need o! that incessant bough) and kept by ajolly yankee.with the follow- ti,^ interested and artful lavish on some distant ing inscription upon its walls, which wo think beats I series, which they well know are located in a the English :- C»kes and beer. For sale here, Cider and cheese, If you please, Walk in 1 swear. And take a chair. In Albany we recollect an old sjfrn, erected by one of the earliest interlopers fro.m New-Englan<' which read as follows : — I put this board up here, To tell you that 1 sell good beer. In process of time, .Tonathan, finding his earthly store increasing, e.xtended his business. An ad- ditional piece of board was nailed to the old sign, with the following additional couplet : — And ! have marie it somewhat wider, To tell yon that I keep good cider. I direction for supplying people in these Noithern For it is an establishi d maxim, olWhich they be ignorant, that trees of rapid growth ought not rol.bf' of their roots in the fashionable way and n cd from a mild to a colder situation, — but the re' However. Yankee sagacity is not easily ontwijf(l henre experienced ' gricullin isis as far south as Rbo» Island, give a decided preference to trees from Noit' ern Nurseries. Ordi r« addressed to .1. & W. Kenrick, and 9«lllt the Brighton post offi. e. or left at the office of Da^| Fenno in .'^late Street, will be duly attended to trees will be packi ' i' clay and niatts for shipping ordired . but d's'ai 1 gi ■'■'emep should always e some ag nt to receiv. and pay lor them. On days, packed trees will be delivered in Boston fr charge for conveyance. In transplanting one year's growth is frequMli lost, if Ih(- trees happen to survive, by an unreasoDlt diminution of the roots, then fore special care shall! taken for their preservation. tf. March^. The Poor. — The writer of a communication in the Baltimore Patriot, on certain institutions for the benefit of the poor, concludes witli the follow- ing sentence, which contains, we believe, in a small compass, the essence of all the wisdom which has hitherto been learned upon the subject, and which the charitable should always bear in mind, when they engage in any plan to improve the condition of that class. .In:/ assistance ren- JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's Xiirsertf at Flushing, on Long Island, near A''cw York. IN be' alf of the proprietors of the above nursery, the subscriber solicit..^ the orders of horlicultnrists who may be desirous eC-tock- xurdens and fields with fruit trees of the finest sorts and most healthy a'.d vigorous slocks the ,*esenl autumn. Bi,nonGooD& Co. allfnd ptrsonally to the inoculaliii^ and engrnflingnf all their fruil trcps, and purchasers Barley. 2250 riuthels of B..r i^y, ol a superior qnalitj^f seed, and in lols to suit purchasers. — Now 1 •from Brig Sultana from Sniyrna, and for sa EBFNEZFR BREED. No Gi "Dock Square. M; ,0i!7"P"blished every Friday at T hree Dollars pell num. payable at the end of the year— bul tbos^ pay within sixty days from the time of suhscribilj ei titled to a deduction of Fifty t ents. Gentlemen who f»iocnrey/i7 responsible silbsci^ are entitled to a sUlh Tolumegr:(ti-. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Published by JoH.N B. Russell at No. r>t North Market Strcet,7^i;^;;^Kn^an..ci! Hall]: )L. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 80, 1827. -Thomas (i. FEssENi>i;ji, Editor. No. 36. AGllICULTUHE. ON THE CULTURE OP SIlJv. Continued from page 277. it is proper to mention, that it is the prac- Prance to plant out some of their young from the nursery by way of espalier in heltered situation, in a garden for example, the soil is not over rich ; and if it can be lere the soil has a great proportion of grav- and ; the intention of which is to procure avcs for the worms in their infant state ; e leaves generally come out more early warfish plants in a slieltered situation, than J~ie trees planted out in a more open e.xpos- nd upon this occasion they have also re- for tender leaves to the young plants in 'd bed and nursery ground, quantity of the seed of the white mulberry procured either from Montpelier or Mar- where it is regularly to be found for sale ;eed shops. And if you do not choose to nlirely to the seed shops, a friend at either ll « places may be applied to, who will take procure for you the freshest and best seed, also be obtained by the same means from the seed from which country is even prcf- to that of France, as the Spanish tree car- arger leaf than that of France, and has the (ually tender and good as the other, when om tlie seedling trees. 1 the experiments earned on by Monsieur over, it willbesudicient if a dressing of the same Kind IS regularly given them once every three j years. Uut as some ofthe branches may probably be broken annually, in gathering the leaves, care must be taken to prune all such branches as may happen to be thus broken, to prevent the trees trom suffering matcriilly from such accidents. In planting out the mulberry tree in the lield where it is to remain, care must bo taken to cover the roots properly, so that the earth ra.iy not lie in the fields, whore they are intcniied to remain. From the e.xten.-ion ol' the culture of silk over all the southern parts of France, there is a great increasing demand yearly for mulberry leaves, so that they are now become as much an article o( commerce as any other vegetable production ; the peasants with eagerness buying them up annually with ready money at the proper season for the use of their silk worms. This last circumstance has given great encour ■lollow upon them wliich would injure the plant. |agement to gentlemen of property to raise exten They should also take care to prop the different trees with stakes to prevent them from wind-wav- ing ; placing straw next the body of the tree, to prevent the barit from boin? hurt. Here it is proper to remark, that tJie second crop of leaves which come out of the mulberry trees, after having been stripped of their first leaves for the use ofthe silk worm are not allow ed to fall off them.selves in the autumn. They are gathered for the second time with care, a little be- fore the time they would fall naturally, and are given for food to sheep, and eaten by them with greediness, and by that means turn to good ac- couut to the farmer. Before the culture of silk was introduced into thfit p.irt of Languedoc which is near to the mountains of Cevennes, the peasant- ry over all that neighborhood wore miserably pcor, as their soil which is mostly gravel and ssiid, was incapable of carrying crops of any kind ol grain whatever. But as it was found upon trial to answer remarkably well for the mulberry tree. e leaves ofthe trees which grew in a ricli 1 3re by no means proper food for the silk as they are too luxuriant and full of juice ra ; and that the leaves of those trees which aised in a gravelly or sandy soil where no 2 was employed, were greatly to be prefer- 1 these experiments also one of the means, oparently the principal one may now be clearly pointed out, which rendered abor- e trials made in England, during the reigns iics I. and Charles \\. for introducing the 3 of silk into Great Britain ; though that was altogether unknown in England at ue these different trials were made. It ap- to liave been only this, that they had no food to give their worms but the ioaves ol ick mulberry, carrying the large fruit usual- lented at our tables, which is now altogeth- cted in France as an improper food for the ; and which was rendered infinitely more clive to those insects by the trees which ed them having been all of them reared in chest grounds in England, namely, in the 1 grounds about London, which we know a manner loaded with dung, mulberry trees ouf ht not to be pruned the •ear after planting out, for fear of making bleed too much ; but in the second spring it joned advisable to dross their heads, and to ue to repeat that dressing yearly, during xt ten or twelve years, taking care to make that gentleman made it fully appeai^^" people entered with great alacrity into the culture of silk ; and they have succeeded so well m that lucrative branch, that from having been amongst the poorest, they are now more at their ease than most of the peasantry of that kingdom. When I happened to be at Gange, which is within the district above mentioned, and which is remarkable for the manufacture of silk stockings, I was carried to see some mulberry trees belong- ing to a farmer in the neighborhood of that vil- 'age, which were the first that Iiad been introduc- ed into that part of the country. The trees were remarkably large and fine, and little inferior in point of size to our elm trees ofthe middling sort. The people who obligingly attended me to show me these favorite trees assured me that a good many of the largest of them brought a return to the farmers family of a Louis d'or each of them yearly. _ As an encouragement to the small heritors and larmers to plant mulberry trees upon their grounds the French government are at an e.xpense in keeping up large nurseries of those trees in many different parts of the country, from whence the small heritors and farmers are liberally supplied gratis with whatever number they desire to plant out on their grounds ; and proper directiong are ordered to be given along with the trees, by the gardeners, who are charged with the care of those public nurseries, that the people to vhoin the trees are thus given, may know how to treat them properly. This beneficent public measure is attended with great advantage to the country, as hollow in the middle, so as to give a free j ''^^ POOfsr people are by this means saved from je for the air, and to render it easy to gath- '■''^ trouble and expense of rearing the trees, until leaves. .After the first twelve years are ' '''^y '^O'"^ '" tie of a prop»r size for planting out sive plantation.^ of mulberry trees on their estates; as they bring in a certain and steady revenue, with little trouble or expense to the proprietor, af- ter the trees have once passed the risk of being hurt by cattle. And tliis improvement is of the more consequence, because the grounds that arc found to be the fittest for production of mulberry trees, which afibrd tiie best food for the silk worm being gravel or sand, cannot be employed to any advantage in raising corn, more especially where manures lis at a distance from them. Grounds of the above description had formerly been in use to be planted with vines ; but the re- turns from those were far from being equal to what is obtained from grounds of the same quality when planted with mulberry trees. As an in- stance of this I shall take the liberty of mention- ing the following paiticulars, which I had from a gentleman, on whose veracity I am certain I could fully depend. He told me there was a gentleman, a surgeon, at Nismes, in Languedoc, who had a tract of tery^oor ground in that neighborhood left him by Ins lather ; which when it came into his possession, yielded him a rent of three hun- dred livres, wliich amounts in our money to twelve guineas and a half. As this gentleman observed that the culture of silk was extending rapidly over that part of the country, he planted the whole of his little property with white mulberry trees, the leaves of uhich as his plantations advanced, he found he could regularly sell annually for ready money to the people in the town of Nismes and in the neighborhood, who employed themselves in the culture of silk ; and my friend informed mc that these very grounds after having been only sixteen years planted, gave a return to the pro- prietor of twelve hundred livres yearly ; amount- ing to fifty guineas of our money. This improve- ment having been carried on under the eye of the neighboring heritors, several of them pursued the same plan with equal success ; and some of them who had grounds of the same quality which had been long planted with vines, actually grubbed up their vineyards, and planted their grounds with the white mulberry ; and here let me add that the mulberry tree is long lived, there being many instances whfre they stood perfectly good for above one hundred }'ears. When the young mulberry trees are in the seed bed, and even afterw.nrds when planted out in nursery grounds, and likewise for several years ifter they are planted out in the fields to remain, you must be careful every night in the spring and summer seasons to examine all round your plants, for a little snail without a shell, which is very fond of the bark of those trees when young, and preys upon th«m prodigiously. These snails will cut -J82 NEW ENGLAND PARMER. March yo, 162;. " over your young plants iu the seed beds miil nur- sery grounds, and will even continue to prey upon , the trees till they are pretty old ; and though they ' do not absolutely kill the trees when planted out, | yet they hurt them greatly and retard their growth. These snails, therefore, must ho grathor- ed up every night as above mentioned a little after ; sun-set, which is better than in the morning be- cause the niiechief they occaaion is generally . ■lone in the night ; and they must be burnt, or: otherwise eft'ectually destroyed ; for if you do not kill them they will find their way again to the trees. The winter of 176.5 I passed at Montnuban in <4.uercy, when the frost was so extremely severe that it not only destroyed the greatest part of their leguminous crops and almost the produce of their kitchen garden, but also many of their vines, jig and olive trees, and a great part of the orange trees in their green houses ; yet that frost with ill its severity, did not occasion the smiUest in- jury to the mulberry trees, nor to the eggs of the silk worm. This frost continued for two months together, and was within two degrees and a half of the great frost in 1769. But what is still more remarkable I was assured from the most respecta- ble authority, that even the frost of 17011 did not '•ause the smallest injury to the mulberry trees, though it destroyed many of their vines, and al- most their whole fig and olive trees all over Prov- ence and Languedoc. From whirh two instances [ think it may be fairly inferred that we have no reason to dread any danger to the mulberry trees from the severity of our British climate. (To be continued.) f'opy of a letter from fi'm. Coxe Esq of Burlinglon JV. J. to G. H'. Jeffenj.s of JVortk Carolina. FRUIT TREES. St p. — 1 have been favoured with a letter from you of the 20th of May requesting some informa- tion on the cultivation of apple orchards and other kinds of fruit trees. It has ever been an object particularly interesting to me, as a source of ra- tional and pleasing occupation — and I have been gratified by the improvements which have been progressing rapidly in our country since I first turned my attention to the subject I proceed to inswer your queries as they respectively occur, but in a very summary and condensed msnner ; — and for more full information I refer you to a work now publishing by Carey & Son of Philadelphia, wherein T have treated at large the subject of fruit, orchards, and cider, and have described and delin eated by engravings of the full size and natural formation, about 900 kinds of fruits cultivated in 'his state. 1. The soil best adapted for an orchard is a loam ir Io;imy clay ; hut any joil which will produce goorl wheat and red clover, will aeswer, a wet sub- soil or quicksand excepted. 2. Nurseries are best situated when on soils of the foregoing description. The apple seeds from the pumace of tlio latest ciders are scattered on ground pieviously well cultivated and cleaned from the seeds of weeds ; then covered and neat- ly raked. They remain during the winter in this :3tato. The next season they are thinned and weeded. The following fall or spring, th^y are planted in rows four feet apart, one foot distant; well plouofhed and harrowed to promote their growth. They are innoculated the next autumn, W engrafted the next spring if the growth be vig- orous ; if not, they must remain a year longer. — The buds are inserted about two inches from the ground, and the grafts may be inserted just under the surface, which is removed by a hoe for this purpose, and then returned so as to cover the fis- sure and lower ends of the scious, which require no bandage or composition when carefully treated in this mode. In every stage of a nursery, and also of an orchard, the trees grow iu proportion to the frequency and perfection of their cultivation. In two or three years from engrafting, if well man- aged, and when planted in good ground, they will he large enough to plant out. Their stems should be from 1 to 2 inches in diameter, a foot from tke ground. Scions should be cut in February, from the last year's growth of healthy bearing trees, and kept till wanted on a cellar floor, or the lower ends buried in cold situations to retard the flow of sap. Trees of more than two inches diameter are best engrafted in the limbs ; whether engrafted in the nursery or orchard, must depend on conven- ience alone, provided they are high enough to be protected from cattle. .3. Trees should never be planted deep. One or two inches lower than their growth in the nursery is best. My rule is to dig two spits deep, « hole large enough to hold the spade horizontally laid down. The best earth should be laid round the roots. Rich earth, or ameliorated ditch bank, is better than dung, which attracts ground mice, and is liable to be affected by the dry weather of our summers. I prefer surface manuring to any other mode of applying deng — ploughing it in — from ! fifty to thirty feet is the distance I adopt, accord- 1 ing to the soil and natural size of the trees when full grown. At thirty feet, forty-eight trees will stand on an acre ; thirty-five trees at thirty-five feet; twenty-seven at forty feet, and only eight- een at fifty feet. I have 144 acres planted with 4000 apple trees, with these neveral differences, from seven to twenty-two years old. Probably forty feet is a good medium distance. 4. Mud from meadows on sandy soils ; marl on all soils, and barn yard manure on all soils ; ash- es I use to a great extent. In general, the better the farming and the richer the ground, the more will trees grow. Fallow crops of all kinds, viz : Indian corn, potatoes, pumpkins, &c. are prefera- ble to culraiferous crrains. Buckwheat is a good crop ; grass only is injurious in proportion as it prevents cultivation, and hinders the beneficent effects of lifcht. heat, and moisture to the roots, which grow best when extended as much as pos- sible in a horizontal direction. .5. Our climate does not require such close prun- ing as the cold and moist one of England. I, however, trim closer than my neighbors. Branch- es should never cross each other ; they should ex- tend as equally as possible from the centre, in in- creasing distances, to admit light, heat and air to every part. The lower limbs should he so high as to permit the horses and plou.ghman to pass under them. This opens the ground and its pro- ducts to the rays of the sun. Trees should he carefully kept free from suckers from both the roots and branches. 6. Moss is best destroyed by scraping in damp weather v whitewash is highly useful ; but the best preventive is good cultivation and rich ground. Caterpillars are easily destroyed in the morning and evening, when in their youthful stages, ani in wet weather ; at all which times they remain in their nests. I know little of the canker. I have iu the few instances in which I have obatt ed it, found the best cure was to dig up the t and replace it with anotlier. 7. In light soils, fall planting is equallygiL with that of spring. It is a season also of leita; I have used both modes, as suited my cowe, ience and the cultivation of ray grounds, with! tie difference in the success of the operation, crop of Indian corn, or any other fallow crop, i^ good preparation — the previous loosening tlie» by cultivation facilitates the operation of plantit In light grounds, I generally throw the sect spit some distance from the tree, supplying place by the superior surface earth. jVIost f' quently I plant in the fall ; immediately after,! thro gh the whole of the winter, I cast rich dr. bank earth or meadow mud, several loads arc: each tree, spreading it wlien ameliorated byi frost, five, six or seven feet from the tree, acco ing to its richness and quantity. On one fjti have used 5000 loads of mud around 1300 tre on 40 acres of ground on o light sandi/ loam. T rrrowth of the trees and the size of the fni! thereby much promoted. I have particularlj tended to this mode in the cultivation of the! ginia or Ilewes' crab, of which I have about l: trees on 50 acres. The smill si;.e of this appit much improved, and its disposition to hang on tree is increased by manure and cultivation, have forwarded a catalogue of the fruits raise'! this neighborhooJ. That of 1810, was the col; tion owned by me, and cultivated by Mr Du Smith. I found it a losing concern from thegr, extent of the establishment, and from the war.i I hope to make up a very heavy loss by BiyiL; charde, which are in the highest state of »!{■ and perfection, on the banks of the Delavvgje.i ,| have about 1.50 varieties of the apple, seler cording to their quality — two thirds for cid^r,! one third for the table, for the Philadelphim; ket. I have obtained almost every valuable 1 that T know of, foreign or native. The apple our own country are unquestionably superio^ those of Europe, from whence I have impoB and am now cultivating, most of the applel) ^ h\f\i reputation. Peach stones from natural fruit, usually proo! the same kinds. T'hose cultivated for I he ¥9 delphia and New York markets, are raised bjt oculation from the finer European kindtj which many exquisitely flavored varieties K been imported. These will produce fruit t: qualitv much improved, compared with the t mon peaches of our country, although of diffelj kinds from the original planted fruit. CkJ stones from the natural black mazard ani^ the morollo, will produce the same kinds ; buf all the numerous varieties of the heart, dukef other imported kinds, are raised by inoculatiini entrraftin?- on the first mentioned two kind%t) stones will produce cherries resembling the I ent stock. The samo remark applies to all si' fruits. Of the apple and pear, the seeds never be relied on to produce any specific t whether natural or engrafted. We alwayftrei to inoculation or enrrrafting, when we are toil of nossessing' any pnrticular kinds. I am. sir, respectfully, and with my best wii! for vour success in your laudable plan of men!. Your obed't serv't, Mr G. W. Jefferys. WM.. O From the American Farmer. itelv h v.— No. 'M i\K\V EiNGLAND FARMER. 288 COCOA. and her second availed himself of the clothes of ^^VJV^vi.l. aim 111:1 »i;t.-wiiu ai.ii.^-u .......^v... v. «.- -- nrgininn, who has published, in the Rich- 1 the first, and among other things but on a pair of Enquirer, " Sketches of Caracas," in South | boot."!, lie was shortly afterwards taken ill and j, . "Jicn"* describes the mode of cidtivatinj: cocoa ' Jied. A third husUand followed Lltl acao)inthc valley of Caracas. The seed.-. tU- san'C fate. Another BranliMi. ujl/'ri „vn, and after the young trees have attained I by what had happened, and induce. ,. ,._, h eio'ht of 18 or '.24 inches, tliey are transplan- the accumulation wealth, became tlie fourth hu ^'°"'v|,to%ow6 12 or 13 feet apail, and plantain and bund, "'■ ' "-" '""■' "•"- " trees are planted in the same ground to tie sn: A pamphlet has recently been published in Englanil, entitled a Jl Cumplete View of Joint „^, ,„,„ Stock ( ompaniifs: It is compiled by a Mr English. and e.\porienced 1 (a pcr.5on compi:tent to the task) and presents a lie alarmed summary of the modes, the mean.-* and pretences, perhaps, by through which the profit lo.ing Ciigliahnieii. _ whether cheaters or c.heatccs, contrived to vvasti h'y chance discovered the fang of a rat- [some fe.v do.-.eti millions of good solid money, itriking through the instep of the hoot, | It appe.irs that tlie years I8'J4 ami 182.') gav. trees are planted in the same ground to Me snake, striking through the msiep 01 tun uooj, , .. iip|,^.<.» ..... .,,. j>.„.o .^., „ ^~.. fcthem The plantations are provided with , which being worn by his predecessors, had, in a ; rise to no less than o24 ne«> money making pro ■^ ;« ami in dry seasons the ground is over- climate where n.ortification soon occurs, been Jects, requiring towards their -compelion the rea ''•lionoff'i .' . •' ,.„ . L.X:„ .„ K„.r .n J ...;. !,„.., ,i.,„i>t »!,„ ^o„=o nf thpir Hciths. ' souable sumot rather more than ,1/2 millions stg moir Ui ;irlli. J' ffelelii' .leasts' »il ioit '' leiioMit; ' lie lift' with es, ani in ury »fan"..» ...-. {..v-- - ^. .,.,,..„ - ■■ - " , . , id with water. The trees begin to bear in 4 without doubt the cause of their deaths. i hut are not in full vi.ror until the 7th year. " The spider reaches an enormous size, . ., , , are about as hi.h as peach trees, and last different habits from those of Europe. It stretches Irish corapaui.-s. Ijponthe above projec v50vears Th;podsarefromfourtosixin- its web frow tree to tree, and no longer appears a tal there was actually paid, not .ncludin„ . in len'th and three or four in diameter, and solitary insect ; many hundreds live together, and nms, £17,600,000, wh.ch at the present price o.; the t unk and branches. The form nets of such strength, thai I have assisted in ! Uie several stocks, is worth in the market «bou. sonable sum of rather more than 372 millions stg and this exclusive of many provincial Scotch and rish companies. Upon tlie above projected capi premi- Ml/j((« ' V [lorn on iiit^ iii.jiix -..i. ^.«..^.. — .^ v -----p, k produces more than the branches, the pods liberating a bird of the size ot a swallow, quite ex- Dtimes growing so low, that they touch the bausted with struggling, and ready to fall a prey ind. Th^e cocoa is gathered every 15 or 20 to its indefatigable enemy." -•■ " -.^:-. ic .- •>/! [Caldcieugh's Travels in South America.] £9,000,000 stg. d !, and the pods, which usually contain 15 to 30 or grains, are opened by women ; and the after being fermented in a heap, are dried un till they are fit for market. The tre Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. — The books^ for subscription to 15,000 shares in the capita! stock of this rail road company, were opened in Baltimore at 10 o'clock on Friday last, to be kept i\t half-past one o'clock on the AGRICULTURE IN CHINA. , ,'e =un tinVhe"y are fit for market. " The trees i The most prevailing crop in China is rice, es- , °P'" ,^^" ^^ ,4 ^OO shares were subscribed d from e to'one and a half pounds each, and j pecially in the southern P-vmces and wherever ; ^^^^ J'^ ^^ ^.^J ^^_^;_^^_. ^^ ,^ ,,,^ ^^„^, man can m-.nage 1000 trees. >"-o is a sufhcien command « -'- NeU o , ^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^j,^^,.,,^, " ... I rice, barley is most generally cultivated , vvneai '= - - very common, particularly in the northern d tricts ; and the other grains are buck-wheat, mil arge quantities of cocoa are imported into th ited States for the purpose of making chocolate the year 1S23 a duty of 2 cents per pound was d on 787,.58fi pounds Chocolate is said to be prepared in the following nner : The coroa is first roasted, then pound- in a mortar into a coarse powder, which is ound very fine on a stone, and heated, when it ;put into flat moulds, in which it congeals and ms cakes. Sugar and various other ingredi- ts are sometimes mixed with the cocoa. We licve that cocoa of the first quality commonly .lis at 8 or 10 cents per pound more than 'Welsh's' o. I chocolate. It may be inferred from this, lat chocolate is composed in part of cocoa of in- rior quality, or some other cheap ingredients. — he shells sold by the merchants are the husks lat envelope the cocoa kernels. The cocoa-)!i(i-;»fe that grows in the islands of le Pacific Ocean, and many other places, is en- rely different from the cocoa tree described a- ove. It attains the height of sixty feet ; the ;aves are 15 feet long ; and a full grown nut con- ains about a pint of liquor. This tree affords neat, drink, cloth and oil. [Hamp. Gaz ] and Ohio Rail Road Company, were subscribed on the day that the books were opened, and 1,5G6 on the second day, making in the two days an excess tricts; and the other grains are DucK-wneaL mi-, ,,,,,,,,1,0,0 The amount fo be taken by let, maize, peas and beans. The principal Pl''"'^ ; ;,;■.,„! ,,,,,„ibcrs. The book« are to remair and shrubs, cultivated as crops, are the sugar cane, cotton, hemp, lint, tobacco indigo, the tea tree, the mulberry tree, the varnish-tree, the cam phor-tree, the tallow-troe, the cinnamon tree, &c. individual subscribers. The book* arc to remain open eight days longer. In consequence of the regulation, that in case of an excess of the amount subscribed, it shall be reduced by a deduction from lor-tree, the tallow-tree the cinnamon tree, «c. 3„bscription3, it is understood that gen The,r method of p,cpagal.r,g frmt trees ^s cuu- -^ J^ ^^ ^^ proprietors, hav tlcmen who wish to be large proprietors, have procured proxies authorizing them to take sharet in the names of a great number of individuals. [Bait. Adv.] Rich Soil. — On the 4th inst. a lot in the village of Rochester, of 34 feet front by C5 deep sold for $5131. stantly ann uniiormiy luoisi. i i.c u.a....... w.ic. The proprietors of Waterloo Bridge London, treated in this jianner, throws out new roots into are going to dispose of that splendid structure by the ball of earth just above the ring, from which lottery. They have been driven to this incasiire the bark was taken : and. if sawn off and planted by the smailness of their profits, at the fall of the leaf, it bears fruit the following ^^^.^,„,,^— ;:^ ^„ ,,^ ^.^eA-.-The bill which "ThTchinese are particularly eminent in the art had passed the Senate of New York to grant of embellishing garden grounds, which maybe 1000 barrels of flour for the relief of the Greeks, con'dered as U,e^ onlv one of the fine arts, in after a debate of four hours in the House of As- which' they display either genius or taste. In scmbly, was lost by a vote 42 to 48. this department, they are said to have attained a 1 ous, and may be v^forthy of notice. In the spring season, they strip a ring of bark, about an inch wide, from a bearing branch ; surround the place with a ball of fat earth or loam, binding it fast with a piece of matting; and suspend directly above it a pot or horn full of watei, with a small hole in its lower part, sufliciont to let the water drop in such quantities, as to keep the earth con- stantly and uniformly moist. The branch, when high degree of perfection. [New Edinburgh Encyclopedia.] The U. S. ship Peacock caught .300 turtle in 4 I days in Essex Bay, Gallapagos Islands. At the JMerquessas many of tho young natives wished to lATS, RATTLE-SNAKES, AND SPIDER.S. IN BRAZIL. i "The city of Rio Janeiro and its environs are nfested to a surprising degree by a large variety of rats. Many of the first houses are so full of them, that during dinner it is by no means an un- usual circumstance to see them playing about the room. The canine race appear quit regardless of fhem, and they are often seen feeding at the same heap of garbage. Their dental powers are such, that a thick clumsy door of hard wood is frequent- ^een common in Southern States, A genueman -- "TT;!.'^;!! L P^inorted This is the ly perforated in one night. „f that peninsula (Northampton, Va.) had at U | silk manufactures will be exported- _ims__is "id, that ,^_ . a>unn ,„r^<.tU fr/^m .^fl nrrps. Maniland Cotton.— The culture of cotton in j come away in the Peacock, and two were receiv- this State, particularly east of the Chesapeak, ap- 1 ed on board of her. At Otaheite, at the last pears to be susceptible of great increase. It is j dates, a civil war appeared on the point ot breaK- statcd that Dr. Muse, of Dorchester county, raised ling out against the Queen Regent, because she a considerable crop last year, and that it yielded one third clean Cotton, whereas one fourth has been common in Southern States, A gentleman In this climate, it may easily be imagine the number of reptiles is very considerable. The rattle-snake does not exist near this part of the coast, but in the province of the mines it proves very destructive to negroes. At Saint Joao del Rcy. a young man went into the woods, was bit- ten on the instep by a rattle-snake, come home ill ,.ind died. His widow Uime being very precious had got married again. It is expected in England that in a short time =,.lk manufactures will be exported. This is opinion of the ultras in the free trade notions. cents a pound, .f 800 worth from 30 acres. ^^__^ now at Greenwich village, town of Horse Neck, [he who runs may res two Geese, both of the age of 82 years— one is now sitting. They have both laid regularly for .ina oieu. nis wiuuw . umc i^c.g >^.j k 81 years. They now belong to Mr Jared Mead, , with the fair-Bex in Brazil) soon married again, | j^^^j were hatched on his father's place." ■ Friend, whosoe'r you be, That come to visit me, Make quite despatch, and go away. Or labour with me, if you stay." 284 NEW ENGLAND PARMER. March 30, 183^iLi.'> (stltttm lor ihi- Fiii tilmer. ) HORTICULTURAL IfEMS. From Loudoii's Gnrdenei''s Magazine for 1826. Among the new and remarkable vaiieties of fruit presented to the London Honicultural Society, we notice the following : " Esopus Spitienber jh apple, an American sort, requiring the protection of a wall : large, beauti- ful, and of an exquisite flavour. It is said to iiave originated in the neighbourhood of Albany. By Geo Caswell, Esq. in his garden at Saccombe park, Hertfordshire." This apple, if I am rightly informed, was first produced as a seedling, in the garden of the ances- tors of General Stephen Van Rensselaer, near this city. It shows indications of having passed its me- ridian, as both the tree and fruit seem to have de- teriorated. In some situations, however, particu- larly on the alluvions of the Mohawk, it still re tains Its high roputation. And I tliink from cal- careous soils it is more bland, or less acid, than from soils which are not so. It has been the most esteemed dessert apple of our orchards ; and it cannot but be gratifying to the lovers of good fruit to learn, that a new seedling Spitzenbergh, in Ulster county, promises to supply the place of the declining parent. The fruit is rather more flat, and soniewiiat less acid, and yet possesses the high flavour of the old variety. I introduced it into my nursery in 1825. Among the books presented to the same society, I notice several volumes of the New York Board of Agriculture. Action of poisons upon the vegetable kingdom. — M. T. Marut, of Geneva, has lately made some curious e.xperiments upon the eflects of poison up- on the vegetable kingdon. By causing plants to grow in poisonous mi.xtures, or by introducing poisons into their system, it wns found that tlie ef- fect upon vegetation was ue.o.rly the same as upon the functions of animals. The experiments were generally made with plants of the kidney bean, and the comparison was always made with a plant watered with spring water — Juur. Roy. Inst., Oct. [We have two diseases, one of the plum and the other of the pear and apple, which I have long ascribed to animal poisons. That th-? canker of the plum and morello cherry is owing to some- thing more than an e.xtravasation of the natural 3ap, is evident from the fact, that the natural sap, or prepared juice, of stone fruit, becomes a vege- table oxyde, or gum, on coming in contact with the o.\ygen of the atmosphere ; also from another fact, that gum has only a slight tendency to pu- trefaction, and but partially and seldom affects the iiealth of the trunk or branch from which it exudes, riie canker of the plum, on the contrary, seems to undergo a rapid decomposition, is in a short tinir reduced to an impalpable powder, and if left to its natural course, soon poisons and destroys brancli, trunk and root. Tliis disease is not owing to cli- mate, to soil nor to aspect : for where care is us- ed to cut off" and burn the affected branch, the dis- ease is stopped ; and udiere these precautions are omitted, it continues to increase. The e.xperiments of M. Marut show, that an animal poison, injec- ted into a tender branch, might cause tumors ;that the poison might ne disseminated in the sap, and produce ultimate death. I have read much that has been written on the disease of the pear, but nothing that has been per- fectly satisfactory. The disease shows itself first 111 l!ie extremity of the brandies. The leaves and bark become brown, then black, and the limb is found to be dead to its e.xtrenio point. Some have found insects in the bark, and in tlie pith of the af- fected branch. I have not been able to discover any. on critical examination. I therefore suspect that they are rather a consequence, than a cause, of the disease. On examination, i found that the dark, or diseased colour, extended farther down the branch in the cambium, or the new forming concentric layer, than in either the bark or sap wood. I inferred from this fact though f do not intend to say that rny inference is correct, that pois- on had been injected into the cambium through the bark, near the extremity of the limb, and had been carried down, by the descending sap, to the extent of the aff'ected part ; and that the vitiated sap and the disease had been slopped only by the want of circulation or propulsion in the extremity. For it will be remembered, that sap must pass to the leaves, and be elaborated, before it can pass down between the bark sap-wood.] Grapes. — The physicians of Geneva send some of their patients to the Pays de Vaud, during vintage, to take what is called a regular course of grapes ; that is, to subsist three weeks entirely on this fruit, without taking any other food or drink. In a few days a grape diet beeomes a- greeable, and weak persons, and also the insane, have found great relief from subsisting on it for three or four weeks. [lean corroborate the value of "a course of grapes" from personal experience. Wlien recov- ering from a severe bilious fever, my physicians permitted me to eat grapes and peaches. They constituted almost my entire diet for weeks ; and I experienced no injury, but essential benefit from their use.] J. B. PLOUGHING IN GREEN CROPS AS A MANURE. The mode of «nriching land by ploughing in green crops was practiced by the Romans 1600 years ago, and is_ now in use in England, Italy, and other parts of Europe. In this country the practice is very limited, though highly rocominenH- ed by some of our agricultural writers. In this ' to me, and a very great saving over flax dressed vicinity the few attempts to recruit worn out lands i by hand. Any number of persons may dress at in tiiis way, which have come to our knowledge, j the same machine, that the propelling power ad- have not been very successful, and have tended to mits. I should think a horse power quite ad- sun, appears through a microscope to be surri ed with a cloud of steam. Let any person the lip of the finger at the distance of the 12tl of an inch from a looking glass, and the surfs the glass will soon be dimmed by the matter ing from the finger Many experiments have been made to ascei the quantity of perspirable matter which is e from the skin. It is stated in the N. E. Enci pedia, that Mr Cruickshanks put his hand i glass vessel closed at the wrist, and by keepii there an hour, he collected 30 grains of a lii which had issued through the pores of the ski On repeating the experiment in the evemD] collected 12 grains. The mean of of these grains. Taking 91 grains per hour, andsuppi the hand to be one sixtieth part of the suriai the body, the perspiration in 24 hours woulj mount to 5 pounds 3 ounces troy. Sanctorius five-eighths of all the aliment (food and drink) ceivedby the mouth is carried off by perspiral Do'lart says seven-eighths Others estimate much less, making it about two pounds per day' The quantity of sweat, or perspirable matter varic according to the climate, season of the year, age sex, state of the health, &c It is by the peculiar smell which the substi emitted from the skin gives to each individi tliat the dog can discover his master, and trace him to a distance. [Hamp. Ga; FLAX DRESSING. A machine for breaking and dressing Flax, lately been introduced into the state of New Yol which is said to be a valuable improvement any machine befi re ilBed for that purpose. Jud Tiffany of Schoharie (N.Y.) states in a letter to a gentleman of this town, "that this machine is very cheap and simple, the flax is struck and dreai ed on both sides at once, by a single and simpjl operation. It dresses perfectly and with sill^ softness. I have seen women spinning the toW, who pronounced emphatic approbation of tlie oas^ with which it was spun. " On comparison by weight, it shows a great saving over any flax dressing machine yet kuowfl nliils itiesli lied 10* JIJB, • Lplii hwi discourage the practice. In a neiohboring town, a farmer turned in successively on the same land three green crops — rye, oats, and buckwheat, and then, in tho-autuinn of 182.5, and was a very light crop ; the clover was cut the last season, and was hardly worth mowing. The crops did not indicate that the soil had been much meliorated by the vegetables ploughed in, and the farmer is half in- clined to he of Lord Karnes' opinion, that " the best way of converting a crop into manure is to pass it tiirough the body of an animal." Tiie ex- periment was made on a silicious sandy soil. The result might have been different on a clayey or loamy soil. [Hamp. Gaz.] PORES OF THE HUMAN BODY. By applying a good microscope to the skin of the human body a multitude of small pores w'ill be seen, through which perspiration is continually issuing It is calculated that there are a million of these pores in every square inch, and 2,016,000,- 000 in the whole body of a middle-sized person The naked body, exposed to the rays of a burning equate for three or four persons to dress, and each person to dress from six is ten pounds per hour, according to the state of the flax. It is also very useful in dressing broken hemp." The soil of our state is well adapted to the growing of flax and hemp, and both can be raised with little labor and expense ; the great difficulty is in dressing, as the ordinary way by hand labor, is so slosv and expensive, that our farmers find it an unprofitable and discouraging branch of Agri- culture. By the use of the improvement suggest- ed, these objections would, in a great measure be done away,^and .vb should enjoy the satisfaction of no longer being so largely dependent on for- eign countries, for the important articles of linen and hemp. The machine will not cost moro than 95 or $30. Bath Inquirer. A Savanah paper of the 14th inst. states that the market there is already supplied, in censidera- ble abundance, with the flowers and vegetables of spring. Green peas have made their appearance. Koi. V No. 3t:. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 285 FIRE. wiil be in a fcv e destruction of property by conflagraUon m I water m the onRine, pretty often. VVIiatovcr without loekin-r the wheels a- anv^olaco 'IW mted btutes probably amounts to an avera-e; burning, wood it is played on, ivitl be cxtinguisked are six galleries "cut throu-rh the solid rock the or S31)0.()00 annually, reducmff many estima- ; as ,;• dipped in ^ea:ev-and wilt not hum afresh in most prod.g.ous of which « 40 rods long ''7 feel [U. S. Gaz.] , wide, and 30 font high, with three wide openings ndividuals in an liour or two, from a state oi' Ihc part e.i-tinguislifd." ort to n.xtreme distress, and some to absolute To prevent or mitigate this mass of suf- i LIME NECESSARY FOR PEAS iry g, is highly desirable, and every thing calcu- 1 '' 's observed, that the common pea, whether 1 to produce this beneficent result, is surely | '•^ liite or gray, cannot be reared to perfection cut through its sides to admit light. Thirty men were employed night and day, (being relieved ev»ry 8 hours by as many others) for 18 months, in effecting this gallery. On the lower side of the led to the most serious attention of the pub- , aay field which has not been either naturally or r«,w Zrri, »'' i i • i u side of the ' o..t;fi„; 11. • .1 -.1 . roau, mere is a wall laid with stone and mortar t artihcially impregnated with some Mto//'co»s mat- „,;,i. „„„,„ .„„ r.„. ,■ , .... ^"" '"■'J^^^j with posts ten feet high erected at intervals to The quantity of hutments of the simple ami une.xpensive plan of preventing - 'er. And hence it is supposed to happen, that iiioti„p.„i.,h thp rn-,,l f,.^„, .;, • ■ u , , ^ Ti- . ■ ■ . 1 I ■ , ■ ,, . oisiinguibH tne road troni the nreciDice. whon tlw spread of Fire was proposed in various news- I'cas are rarely cultivated universally as a field whole is covered with > <:Lipi^t., wucn inc rs throughout the United States, about twenty crop, unless in those parts of the country where masonry on this wall ndt^' sago, and from time to time rcpeatedlv re- either limo, marl, or chalk abounds, or upon stronn- hi-i.ln-oa ;„ ;„,,„„„ tu J L 1 ■ 1 ■. ■ 11,1 . ,.■'.' A. • ^ ^ ., . uiiuijeis IS immense. J ne ro; ;d, by whicji It is probable that three-fourths ciays ; e.sxept, indeed, on the sea coast, vvhsrc i,ri,i,,„„ p„„r, , i . •■ .e destruction by fire that has since taken shell fish are often cMched in ^bun,Huce, and luXtrv^^^^^^^ '""' =, might have been prevented. Yet, strange v.licrc the fields are manured with Uieir shells in ' of XTI^k^T ,1 """"r'"' ^^^ occupants •11, it has not been adopted, any where. : a state of mixture with dung. But it is remarka- ' n It and d!v in cnl 1 \? , , le plan is. to procure as many coarse and thick ble. that a soil that could scarcely have brought f '^ rplll Tl T r"\ " '■°°'", '"^ I IS. of suitable lengths, as woull suffice to cov- one pea to perfection, although richlv manured ZtoZTl^\Z 'f'"^'"'^''"' '^"''^^ ^'"^l le roofs of ten or a dozen houses; and, as with dung, from their running too much to haulm, 11^7^^ JLlL !"' ''°"T"'7 ""1 " T 3 breaks out, spread them over the roofs of the and, afler blossoming, dying away without becom- ,To„ ' ' A,' .^ >^^^ Perform their devo- imjacent houses, keeping them constantiv >"g "pe, if it has once had lime applied -- - "' ' ""^ "'" "'° '"P '" ' '^""''^"' °^ monks.- , i •„ . , 1- ■ rr, - ,<, ^., Ki I I ,• "Pon 't. On the Italian side of the mountain, is the villaffe rated with wate- by means of engines. Two "s capable, when properly prepared in other res- nf t!;,„„i„„ „.;,i o.i i -- vnayc , , . , rt-. , «, * i7 1 ■ 1 ■.. 1 ^ ^' oimpion vvitn 4u nouses nes w^culd in such cases aftord more effectual pects, ot producing plentUnl crops of peas ever af- ection against tlie spread of tires, than six or t playing on naked roofs. For, however terwards. It is further remarked by the same writer, on the result of an experiment, in whicli JUS the engines may be, and however great I ''le ridge of a field had been missed in liming, quantity of water they discharge, the roofs, in j produced no good wheat, while all the other parts minutes after they cease, become as combus- as before they began. Whereas a single en- plnying Moderately on roofs covered with IS, would afford protection to one house on I side of the one in flames, however violently might ragi'. though this would bo highly beneficial every afforded a full crop, that lime, or some other cal careous material is equally necessary for the pro and cottages, where the poor remain in the summer to feed their goats, are found in every part of the Alps, some oT them at an amazing height. " Nothing which Napoleon has executed, (says professor Griscom) will be regarded with more un mingled satisfaction, or furnish a more strikincr ri„.,.;^„ „»• At'..' r " 1 /-■ , -ind durable monument of his public spirit, than tTZ^ rT T^" as for those of the the Simplon road. It must ever command the r, „!.?i.- i'!. ^„?1''.' "!""'''^'°" "'"' "^f "''?'.'' ; Pl^'^dits of Europe." [Hamp. Gaz.] vihcre this sort of manure has been employed, is thinner in tiie skin, more plump, and yields better, seems also to favor the same conclusion. Impreg- re, it is peculiarly important in places where! nations of this sort appear likewise, it is supposed ;r it scarce, as is the case in various towns cities ef the United States, le cost of a single engine, would probably hase cloths enough for any city, however e. he idea was suggested by the eft'ect, about nty years since, of the use of common blankets, Jtesciving a large pile of buildings in Phila- ■hia, which were in imminent dr.nger of dcs- Ition. Its utility was further confirmed by a ilar result in Newburyport, during a tremcn- tiB conflagration auout 17. 18, or 19 years ago. ee or four houses protected by blankets, at corner of a street, escaped almost wholly un- red, while the houses on each side, for a consid- jle distance, were involved in oiie indiscrimin- destruction. Numerous instances have since time occurred, in different places, of equally •aordinary preservations by the use of blankets. 1 it need not be urjed, that cloths in sufficient INDIAN RUBBER. The milky sap of which Indian Rubber is made- has been carried from Mexico to England, where particularly favourable for the production of bar- it has been united to various fabricks which have ley crops, much more so, especially if in large been thereby rendered perfectly water-tight. By proportions, than for those of oats. j placing a layer of it between two layers of cotton. I^ickson's Farmer's Companion, i silk, linen, leather, woollen, &c. the adhesion is \ HINT TO MOTFER*^ so perfect that it seems but one web. Several All young animals naturally delight to be ;„' ''°'d; °''=^'i'^° or'inen cemented by this substance the open air, and in perpetual motion; but we P^^Juce a material answering many of the purpose „•,■.-„„„, ,■ 1 ,■ I- .1 • ■ . .• J. I 01 leather, and surpassing It in value. — Ibid. signify our disapprobation of this intention of na- | ture by confining our infant.? mostly in houses, . , , , , - The Season.— A North Carolina paper of 9th and swathing them, when born, as tightly as pos- inst. states that the martins, the harbin-xers of sible. This natural instinct appears very strong, spring, have arrived. They have returned sooner when wesee a child released from its confinement than usual, which (says the editor) announces a mthe short interval betwi.xt pulling off its day great fruit year. A New York paper says the rob- clothes, and swathing it again before it is put to ins begin to sing on Long Island on the llth inst sleep. The evident tokens of delight which the several days earlier than usual— an indication that little creature shows in recovering the free use of the spring is fully commenced. The meadow Us hmbs, and the strong reluctance it discovers to lark has been observed practisino- his note near be again remitted to its bondage, one should think Hartford, and » a black triangle o"f wild .reese," „ , - would strike conviction of the cruelty and absurd- savs the Hartford Mirror, "have sounded their ntity, and of lengths to extend from eaves to "-y °^ ""^ pr.actice into the most stupid of man- i bugle in the sky, and gone to the northward with es, would be in comparatively more efficient n blankets, for reasons too obvious to require ail. he cloths ought to be deposited in the hou.se ropriated to the fire-engines, for the convenience ransportation to the scene of conflagration, he solution of pearl ash, in the water cast by engines, would speedily arrest the destructive eer of the flames. Dobson's Encyclopedia Vol. VII, page 247, itains the following simple but efficacious direc- as for extinguishing fires. Dissolve a quantity of pearl ashes in a copper h water, and as soon a kind Dr. Gregory. the tidings of spring." The steam boats have com- menced their trips between New York and Hart- ford. The Hudson is open to Poughkeepsie, and Simplon road. — The Simplon road, which sur mounts one of the snowy summits of the Alps, and ! Ii!" .. "''"'"""''"" *° "i"=" ..u x uuguaccpoic, auu „„„„ • ,- f . E, i"; """ the steam boats are running between that place opens a communication between France and Italy, \ ^^^ ^^.^ Yq^Ij. ^yi q^^^ was projected by Napoleon, and constructed by his order. It is a stupendous work aad excites the admiration of every traveller. of the road is (5000 feet (upwards of a mile) above tiie level of the sea. It is 40 miles in extent, and passes on the extreme declivity of ridges, over aw- ful chasms and foaming torrents, and throuo-h prodigious masses of rock. The road is so con- dissolves wiiidi I ^^"^""^'^'^ ^"^^^ "^^ s'°P^ "° where exceeds two and Mr Editor — The following is a recipe for ink fhe highest part ! which has been used by a gentleman in this city for forty years past, who says it retains its colour perfectly well. Boston, .March 28, J827. Into a quart of soft water put 5 ounces best A leppo galls, broken into small pieces — Let this stand exposed to the air (but secure against thf dust) for 5 days. 286 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 30, 1827. TO THE EDITOR OP THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. FRUIT TREES. Sir — I ob.=ierve in your last paper an article re- lating to the destruction of the fruit blossoms of peach trees, and an assurance that they are al- ready frost bitten .ind black, so as to leave no hopes of a crop of this delightful fruit this year any more than the last. I hope, Mr Editor, that your correspondent is mistaken in regard to his facts. It would be uncommon to have them destroyed two years in succession ; and from the little ob- servation I have been able to make, I tliink he is. It does not follow because a number of the fruit blossoms are black in the centre, that all tlie fruit is destroyed, for if one fourth part ef the blossom buds which are annually formed on peach trees were to set fruit, tlie trees would be overloaded. I have no doubt that the writer of the article in question, is riglit in believing that the fruit buds are killed by the first severe frosts tliat set in dur- ing the winter, and not in the spring, as is gener- ally supposed. I recollect that in the winter of 1825-C tlicre was a sudden and severe change in the temrerature about the middle of December, when the mercury fell to five or six degrees below zero, from a very temperate and delightful one that had existed during the greater part of the autumn and previous part of that month. I then thought, and said, that both the peach trees and fruit buds would be injured by it, — and it proved that both were very much injured ; for most of the young shoots of the preceding snmmcr's growth were killed, in part, if not in whole ; and all the fruit buds on the trees were destroyed. But it was said that this ravage of the Peach trees took place the 12th or 14th of April, when the frost was very severe for the season. This is a mistake as I shall show you. In the first place it would be e.\traordinary in- deed that the wood and buds of a tree that had stood through the whole winter without being in- jured, when the mercury was frequently at five or six degrees below zero, should be killed by cold from a higher temperature by 20 or 25 degrees than they had already been exposed to ; particu- larly as both the wood and the buds are better prepared to resi-st frost after having endured it for two or three months, than they are in the early part of the winter before the wood and buds had become ripe and hard enough to resist the cold. But there is another reason which is conclusive, I think, lis to this fact. My Peach house was left open daring the winter until the 15th March, when I shut it up. I then saw that the fruit buds on my trees v/ere principally killed ; and I in fact had no fruit, or but very few, on my trees'. Now, as my house was shut up after the 15th March, the fruit could not have been injured by the frosts in .^pril. Dry warm falls prepi^re the wood best to resist the severe frosts of winter. If the early part of winter is dry and moderately cold, the wood and buds will bear severe frosts without injury ; but warm wet falls and early winter leaves both the wood and buds unripe and very tender, as the sap in such cases is kejit in an active state, & of course is more li=blc to be seized on by the frost than when the alburnum has become hard and woody ; and the bark ripe and hard. It is advantageous therefore to brush off the leaves of peach trees as laying them hea-is an(i tails -dlternately, and pi j W soon as the first frost has attacked them in the |ing with sand. In this way, if frost be e.xcli^W" from the store house, they keep perfectly wel! Marcli or April of the following year. Home ft sons insist that the tops should be entirely cut j at the time of storing, so as effectually to pre \ W their growing ; wliile others wish to preserve i ^ capability of vegetation, tliough certainly no I P*" encourage tne tendency to grow. — iMudon fall, that the shoots and buds may be exposed to the sun and air as much as possible before the winter sets in Yours, &c. .1/art,'i 27, 1827. BOTANY. The celebrated Dutch naturalist, Dr C. C. Blume has returned to Europe after nine years' residence in the island of Java Favored by circumstances To preserve Bulter fur tise nt Sea. — The pi and devoting himself with indefatigable zeal to the [ pal objection to the use of butter at sea, is its natural history of that remarkable island, he has brought home immense collections of natural pro- ductions of every kind. CARROTS. dency to lancidity, and to corrupt in a warmtli '"^i mate ; but even this inconvenience may be cqgn "''' teracted by proper precaution. By the foUowin; "''' method it may be preserved sweet, and in a aglij ■ state during a three years tropical station, providi \o 15 It Carrots are used in soups and stews and as a Lj jt was originally in this condilion. Instead oijuj vegetable dish. They require a light mellow soil, j j5,i(i„g jg^ j^ i^g put in waxed canvass bags, con mi.xed with sand, which should be dug or trenched j one or two spades deep, breaking well all the lumpy parts so as to form a porous bed and an even surface. The orange and red sorts, on account of their longer roots, require a soil proportionably deeper than the horn. Seed estimate and sowing. — The seeds have nu- merous forked hairs on their borders, by which tliey adhere together, and therefore should, pre- viously to sowing, be rubbed between the hands and mixed with dry sand, in order to separate them as mucli as possible. They are also very light and therefore a calm day must be chosen for sowing ; and the seeds should be dissemiuati^jl equally, and trodden in before raking. Previously to sowing if convenient, the seed should be proven, by sowing a few in a pot, and placing it in a hot bed or hot house, as it is more frequently bad than most seeds. For a bed 44 feet by 30, one ounce will be requi- site, and the same for 150 feet of drill row. Times of sowiiifT. — To have early summer car- rots, sow on a warm border in the beginning of February ; [in New England the last of April is a suitable time] or to have them still more for- ward, sow in a moderate hot-bed, giving copious admissions of air. In the open garden begin with the early horn as soon as dry fine and open weatli- er may occur. The first sown beds should be as- sii'ned a favorable situatisn, and covered for a time with haulm. Sow next with the orange, and make a few successive sowings for main crops. — .'Vdd smaller sowings in May or June for pl.antg to draw young late is summer ; also a i't'W in July for a later succession of young carrots in summer and autumn. Lastly, in the beginning of August, two separate small sowings may be made, for plants to stand the winter, and afford young roots early in spring, .March and April." Cullvre. When the plants are up tvTO or three inches in growth, in May and June, they will re- quire thinning and clearing from weeds, cither by hand or small hoeing. Thin from three to five inches distance such as are designed for drawing in young and middling growth. But the main crop, intended for larger and full sii-cd roots, thin to six or eight inches distance. Keep the whole clean from weeds in their advancing young growth. Some of small and middling growth -will be fit for drawing in June and July ; large size- able roots, in August and September : and those of full growth, by the end of October."' Abercromhie. Preserving during icinter. Carrots are taken up at the approach of winter, cleaned, and stored among sand. They may be built very firm, by taining each about fil'ty pounds weight. Ld linl these bags be thrown into casks constantly kepi . filled with salt water, which should be renewei . once or twice a week, according tocircumstanees ' by drawing off the old by a cock fixed near tt* *' lower end, while the new water is admitted fro a bung hole made in the upper end. By this pit the butter will be preserved always sweet- n. [Sailor's Physiciaflri ) ftn • \ -h Filltring Machine for pvrifijing fValer. A ^rf simple filtering macliine is mentioned by .1 *^ Blane, " Let the narrow mouth of a large fi^ *'* be filled with a bit of sponge, over which let t»*W be a layer of clean gravel, or of sand, co\ with flannel, and over Ihe whole another laydta sand Muddy or offensive water, being poutef into this, runs or drops out clear ; and care illilr be taken to change the sand, sponge, &c. h quently, as they will become loaded with imppii ties of the v\-ater." [^'"'i] Fire and waif.r proof Cement. — Pour a pi^* vinegar into a pint of milk ; when the latter M fully coagulated, clear it off the lumps, and i^t^ settle, then mix the whole together; now sift if the liquid quick lime, till upon stirring the who we obtain a thick paste. This cement will pe manently unite marble, earthen ware, china, &■ [French paper.] To preserve Potatoes. — Mr Roberts has taki out a patent for the following method for iieepir potatoes, carrots, turnips, and other vegetables,] the warmest climates for a considerable time;- "Take the potatoes, or other vegetables whe thoroughly ripe, and before they have grown i the spring, cut out wii.h a knife the germs or eyes or destroy them. The more they are kept ftot the air, the finer they will be. [Mech's Mag;] Cams of Dresden, the celebrated comparatin anatomist, has, it is said, discovered the circuli^i of the blood in insects. Extraordinarij Ox. —There is now in exhibitic: at a temporary building adjoining Faneuil HaIl|S: uncommon OX, as respects size, symmetry of fori, weight and agility; and which those who bavi seen it, consider as being the finest animal e»c raised in New England, or any other Isnd. On townsman Penniman, we learn, is engaged in in«» ing a drawing of this beautiful animal, which « predict will become an ornament for the walla i our agriculturists and friends of domestic produ' tions. — Centinel. 1 I ol. V. — No. 30. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 28: past, after it has become putrid and useless to fVhite MiUberry and fVoad Sred. Brewer and baker, is a powerful manure. — Gporso Murdock, No 14 Market ."Square, h tn mixed with water, it will eflect wonders, if ciivtd a quantity of tlie above named seed, of the last lied to plants as a liquid mauure. ||ec«/)c for making KiUiedne's celebrated JVen^' ilmtnt. wliich is remarkable for its good cfteels Iprains, swellings, and rheumatism. — Take of lurpentine one gill — and simmer them together llo minutes. [Communicakd. years »rowlli, and of a superior quality, lo sell by the quantity or at retail. Also a gfcneral assortment of Garden Seeds. Gw. Further supply of Seeds. .'uft received at the Fanner office and Agricultural koot oil half pound— brandy ouo gill— spirits Establishment, iNo 62 North Market street, Boston, A few small boxes of Garden Seeds, assorted for family use. Each bo.x contains forty-five dif- ferent kinds, including Peas, Beans, Sweet Pot loney is beginning to increase in London. It is Herbs, and every vegetable usually raised in a Libuted to the peace of Europe having been Kitchen Garden. Price So.OO per box. Iservcd by the measures of England in Portu- The value of annuities increases. Iv memorial has been sent from Leeds to Parlia- liit against the free exportation of machinery. — lere were 500 signatures. This aflccts the I ited States. A few pounds of the celebrated Altringham Carrot Seed This seed was originally from Al- triughain, Cheshire, England. It has been raised a few years by Mr Pri.nce of Roxbnry, and seve- ral other gentlemen in the vicinity of Boston, who speak of it in high terms. This seed was procured from Mess. Thorburn & Son. Orchard Grass Seed. A few bushels of Foul Meadow Grass Seed. Early Golden Sioux Corn — ripens in 6.5 days. Sweet or Sugar — best for boiling ears. A Sfreat variety of Beans and Peas, by the bushel or I, , r , 1 , ,/- , smaller quantity. JGrasshoppers, alive and nearly half grown,, Carolina Wat*'r Melon— Pine Arple, Green Citron, ' •re seen in Williamsburg, Mass. on the 11th day and Nutmes: Melon, Canteloupe Melon London paper says, " since the adoption of Iluskisson's free trade doctrines in the silk ' J.dc, these" manufactures have declined 50 per Int in value, and the consumption increased four- i Lid. I March instant. J A Miss Sherrill, in North Ciirolina, has lately lade a garment without a seam. It shows her I 1 dustry ; but must be an unseemlij garment. ! A general Vaccination, under authority, is tak- [ .g place at Baltimore. j Public Lands. — Between the years 1797 and | l-Slit, the United States sold public lands to the S 1 mount of 44 millions of dollars. These lands ; H ere raosl'y purchased of the Indians at a lo ate. iMangel Wurtzel, lar; Baga &c. 6 " Canary seed, 1 '• Rape setd, I " Hemp seed. Early Yellow six weeks Bean Dun coloured ditto Warrington Dwarf ditto White iVorfolk Turnip, Ruta The authorities in Baltimore are authorized to ake up all destitute children begging in the streets Morsels Iinp'oved School Geography. Lately published, and for sale by Richardson & Lord le tw.nty-fourlh edition of the Rev. J. and S. Morse's School Geography with Anciunt and Modern Atlases. This Geoo^raphy has become a standard work in many ot the first academies and schools in the United States, and has deservedly gained what is believed (o be an unprecedented popularity. It has reeeived, the public .nd bind them out as apprentice's; and thev have ' ^Pf'"°''^'^ °''"^\'"°"'^"'=>f f "'!™'"'> amon;st many '■^ , ' - . I others, whose opinions are lo be relied on. viz. F. ror- ■aore applications for such children as apprentices !,er. j. Wood, and J. Murdock of the Andover Institu- han they can supply. j tion J.Y.N. Yates secretary of the state of New York ji^— c II. mil. l■ll■n^«^»^T»»JJ^g^g^r»^J,»a»»PM»^» and 5u pcrlntendant of public schools throughout the Fruit Trees. state Professor Silliman, New Haven— F. Reasley, For Pale, by Joseph P. Leland, in Sherburne, Mass. ' University of Pennsylvania— Rev. Wm Allen, president M miles S. W. of Bo.ton. consisting of the following" "^ ^'"*'^°"' College— Dr S. L. Mildiel, New \ork— T. kinds of Apple Trees. ' Jeflerson and J. Madison late presidents of the United I-or»e.!>se—RoxburyRussett«,Greenin-s. Baldwins, I ^'''''^^—*- Pa''""'''?P. Military Academy Norwich Vt. Golden Pippins, Porters, English Juneting, verv early ] ^''''- L'"" -'eaks Boston -Benjamin [•■arnsworth academy and lar^e fruit. Worcester — Parsons Cooke preceptor of Westfield A- Common liic— Orange Sweeting, Winter Porter, p*^''"'>'~"'^'^"J='™'" ^'^''^"''^*''°' "^''^''f"'''* A^^'l^'^y- [Hue Pearmain, Spitienburi-h, Orange Harvey. Pecks '^j ~i~n~e . „ i, rt~. Pleasant, Pearmain, Spice Apple, Red Streak Greeni g, •^""'" "'"^ ^'-^""^ *"" ^'''^'■ Mackey's Large Sweeting, Nonesuch, &c. Also, Pear, ™"f '•"*'>:, ,'!''. ''^Lt '" '"'' '° '"'' Purchasers by E. - COrLLANU, jr. ^o. 65 Br Peach and Cherry Trees. The above Fruit Trees are not excelled by any in th« State, many of them are of a large and thrifty growth. Particular car- will be taken in regard to the roots, packing and labelling each kind. Orders left with Col. DANIEL L. GIBBF.NS No. 172 Washington Street Boston, or forwarded to JOSEPH P. LELAND, Sherburne, will he duly attended to. .fipplc Treis. For Sale, about one thousand Ihrifiy Russe ting and Baldwin Apple trees, part of them two, and a p .rt three Tears growth, tiom the buds. Please apply to Roicburi/, MiiTch -28. E. CRAFTS. Broad Street Gunpowder for sporting — shipping — or blasting rocks, at the lowest prices, and in such quautilits (wholesale and retail) as may he required. Shott — Balls — Flints — and — Percussion Caps, of the best quality at wholesale and retail. JRoinar. Vitriol of a superior quality, for sale as ahove by the cask or larger quantity. 3in March 23 Barley. 2250 Bushels of B.ir ey, of a supe ced, and in lots to suit purchasers. — Now landio: For a .Yursei-y. From five to fifteen acres of land a short distnnce from the city, having water communication, and all the va- rious soils and sites requisite for an extensive nursery. A person of skill and experience who has some proper- ly™ i->«U:n ty and is desirous of commencing the business on shari s seeu, ana m lots lo suit purchasers. — Now landins' ,i. „ j ,, *, _, , . Irom Brig Sultana from Smyr.a, and for sale by 1°' "'^7 T'^'^ may consult the owner and view the F.BF.NEZER BREED, No 64 Dock Square. March 9 ' g™"°'l— '■"l"'^^ at the Farmer office. March 23 Linnaan Botanic Garden and J\i'ursery. SM; 'ifp<- -^ ""' subscribers give notice «4'- ^St-'*^'^ -^i "'*' ""y '^a^* '"^''" appointed ;S^^i\1' r'*i> 'afS, *"'<■ stents for this vicinity, for ^^T^-Vr ri*''*^® ""• Linnosan Botanic Garden '^'^■'''■■'ihiiu ^ and Nurst ry, at Flushing, Long Llanrf. This Nursery is well known, and contains the most extensive collection of Fruits, fX"* ^ Ornamental Trees, and Plants aBiti?Pt fti •'t^/Z- '" Ai"''''ca. The Frnifs have ' SiS a) © i^ '"'*'" ^'''■'^'•■d by actual inves- j ,g5e.53aii^1";»^.r««,!i*«55i ligation of their merits, and j nearly all of which are engrafted fron; hearing trees. 1 In the selection, which has been the particular pur suit ofMr PRIN'CE and bis father for more than half a ! ci'ntuiy, he has spared neither pains nor expense, and I such as did not possess particular merit have been re- jected and their accuracy has been tested 'by the best authors of the age. Catalogues may be obtained gratis of the suhseribeis, and orders left at the New England Farmer office and Agricultural EstablishmenI, No. 52 North Market street, (if from a distance, pott paid) will meet prompt attention. JOS R, NEWF,L1>, JOHN B, RUSSELL. JVotice to Gentlemen Farmers. FOR SAI E, the ver^ valuable farm ot'the late James Gilchrist, Esq. situated in Charit slown, N. H. on tlie lower meadows, so called, of tlit Connecticut riTer, and formerly belonged to Col. Asabel Hunt. This Farm consists of 385 acres of Land, of which 70 are meadow, of the first quality, and in a stale of high cultivation; the remaining 315 are upland, and con- sist chiefly of pasture and woodland -, the whole mak- ing one entire piece. The House is large and commo- dious, well furnished with all needful and convenient out buildings, and in excellent repair. It is beautifully situated, between the great river road and the bank of the Connecticut, on a swell of land rising out of the meadow. The barns are large and numerous, conveniently placed, and have been thoroughly repaired wilhin three years. One luige barn has been buill within thai lime. The Farm is well watered, and in addition to insu- |lar springs, has running through it a never failing stream, on which is situated a good saw mill. Besides the Mansion House, there is also on the premises, a small farm house, with a barn attached to it. This is a very eligible situation for a gentleman farmer, with advantage of natural beauty fertility, and site, excelled by few places in ^ ew England. Persons wishing to purchase such a place, are invi ted lo look at Ibis. — Terms and further particulars ma j be known on application toMrsSUSAN GILCHRIST, on the premises, or to S. G. WILLIAMS &. CO. Boston. TO FARMERS_To let, a farm containing 35 acre= of land, a large and comfortahle house, barn, iSic. The land is of good quality, and of easy cultivation. There are on the place a variety of rhoice young fruit trees, which are just bnginning to bear ; also 10 acres of peai meadow, on which could be cut enough fuil for (he family, and is an excellent manure. Said farm is situ- ated in Cambridge, about 4 miles from Boston market. The terms will be on a lease fr*-m six to ten years, the first year's rent to be expended for manure, and a part afterwards to be laid out in the same manner every year. — The above offers a desirable opportunity to au intelligent, thorough aud enterprising farmer. No one but who can bring recommendations as hi ing such need apply. THOMAS BREWER. 416 Washington str't. Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plants, ^c D. & C. LANDRETH. J^urseri\ Seedsmen, and Florists, PniLADELrniA, II AVE constantly on band for sale, a very extensive collection of Fruit I'rees, Hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. Green Hous« Plants, Bulbous Roots. Garden Seeds, &c. tc- not exceeded by any similar establish- ment in the United Slates. Orders received by Messrs. PARKER & COD.MAN, No. 9 Congress-square, near the Exchange Coflee House, Boston, of whom priced Catalogues of the whole may be had gratis. tf. "^^ De 288 NEW lENGLANi) FARMER. March ao. 1827. »a:£scEi.i.A2nss. WAR. - Whene'er cor.tending nations fight For private pique-or pubh'c right ; Armies are raised, Uie fleets are mann'd, They combat both by aea and land. J'hen, after many battles pass'd, Both '-ir'd of blows make peace at last ; What is it after all the peoplr get ? Why — widows, taxe- wooden legs »nd debt. Labour to prevent diseases by tempe- rance, sobriety and e.xercise ; but if sickness comes never go to quacks for physic. To lake tlicir pres- criptions is next to self murder. The only reme- dy they can afford a patient is their absence. — A quack's prescribing to a sick man is like a child's snufiing a cundle, — it is ten to one but he snuffs it out. DOMESTIC BLISS. The camp may have its fame, the court its elai The theatre its wit, the board its mirth: But there's a ealm, a quiet heaven, where Bliss flies lor shelter — the domestic hearlh .' If this be comfortless, if this be drear, It needs not hope to find a haunt on earth ; Elsewhere we may be careless, gay, cartss'd — But here, and only here, we can be bhsl .' I Dean Cowper of Durham, was very saving of I his wine. Descanting one day on the e.xtraordin- ary performances of a man, who was blind, he j remarked t!iat the poor fellow, could see no more I than that bottle — 1 do dot wonder at all sir, replied I Mr Drake, (a witty minor canon) I do not wonder at all, Mr Dean, for we have seen no more than \that bottle all the afternoon. Anecdote of the Rev. S. fVeshy. — Mr Wesley had a clerk, vtho believed the rector, his master, to be the greatest man in the parisli, if not in the country ; and himself to he the next in worth and importance. Ho had the advantage and the privilege of wearing out Mr Wesley's cast-ofF clothes and wigs, for the latter of which Iiis head was far too small. The rector finding him par- ticularly vain of one of those canonical substitutes for hair which he ha^' lately received, formed the design to mortify him in the presence of that con- gregation before which John wished to .-ippear in every respect what he thought himself. One morning before church time Mr W. said, " John, I shall preach on a particular subject to day ; and shall choose my own psalm, of which I shall give the first line, and yon shall proceed as usual." — John was pleased — and service went forward as it was wont to do till they came to the singing, when Mr Wesley gave out the following line : — " Like to an owl in ivy bush." This vras sung — and the following line, John peeping out of the huge canonical wig in which Ills head, was half lost, gave out with an audible voice and appropriate connecting twano' — " That rueful thing am 1 1" The whole congregation, struck with John's ap- pearance, saw and felt the similitude, and burst out into .laughter. The rector vvas pleased; for John was mortified, and his self-conceit humbled. This is the same man, who, when King William returned to London after some of his expeditions, gave out in Hepworth church. — Let us sing to the praise and glory of God, a hymn of my own '•omposing : — " King William has come home, come Iiome, King William home is comi; ; Therefore let us togethf r sing The hymn that's call'd Te B'um''' Clerk's Memoirs of the Jt'esley Family. ' I live in Julia's eyes,' said an aflfectionate dan- ily in Colman's hearing. ' I dont wonder at it, re- plied George ; since I observed she had tLSty in them when I saw her last.' Real Estate fallins in the fVest. — We learn by the papers, that a considerable part of a Tannery near Natchez lately siink fifty feet, and it was feared the remainder would soon follow. The Jews,- in former times in England, be- cause they cherished and cultivated the " Talmud," and other Hebrew works, were acctised of study- ing the black art ; the belief Jingered in the sup- erstitions of this country, and the Witch read her magick rhymes ii/cA-ioarrfs for no other reason than because such is the method of reading Hebrew. De Moivre, the celebrated calculator, makes the probability of human existence at any given age, equal to half the complement of that age to 86. On Tuesday last 13 .58fj shares of jtock in the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company were sub- scribed in four hours. The books were to remain open nine days. An excellent ship, of near 400 tons, launched at Medford last week, has been named the Arnold fl'elles, as one tribute of respect to the memory of that exemplary individual. On the 1 0th or 12th of March the trees in Charleston, S. C. had been in blossom, and green peas were selling at $1,50 a peck. The Duke of York's stud sold fit Tattersal's for 8000 guineas. His debts are estimated at £.300,000 sterling, nearly a million and a half of dollars. Tlie English ministry have brought forward a plan of erecting mills to supply the navy with flour. Last year COOO sacks were thrown back upon the contractors. The Boston Land Mail is to leave New York at 10 A. M. instead of 7. Giving 9 hours to answer letters. A Steam Boat Mail, via Providence, is to be made up at 2 P. M.— and sent on immediately on arrival at Providenoc. It is probable a return Steam Boat Mail will be established. The new contract has. not yet been made from Providence to Boston, which may include an extra Providence Mail. Unprofitableness itself is a sin. We need not do mischief in order to conunit sin ; uselessntss, when we might be useful, is enough to make us sinners before God. The fig-tree in the gospel, was cut down not because it bore sour fruit, but Frui In Sweden, robbing the mail is considered as because it bore none. The parable of the talents one of the most serious offences, and is punished i is pointed expresslv against the simple neglect of by amputation of the right hand.then decapitation, faculties and opportunities of doing good, as con- the mutilated members being afterwards gibbeted I trn-distinguished from the perpetration of positive in the publick highway upon a wheel. crimes. JAMES BLOODGOOD & Go's JVi'rsen/ at Flushing, on Long Island, near York. IN bel alf of the proprietors of tlie nursery, the subscriber solicits the ordei hnrticiiltuiist? who may be desirous of ft^ iiig ill ir gardens and fields with fruit trees of (he fii sorts and most healthy and vigorous storks the pr autumn. B1.00DG00D i Co allpnd personalty lo Ike inocuh and i-ngrnflivf( of all Iheir fruit trees, and purchi may rely wilh cnufidence (hat (he trees (hey order prove i^vjnuinr. The subscriber, agent of (he above nursery, wil' ceive orders for anv quandty of FRUIT ANV FOREST TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. And the trees will be delivered in (his city at the and expense of the Purchaser ; tho bills may be to him. The reputation of this nursfry is so extensively kuo^ and has been so well sustained (hat I take leave to fer those in want of trees to any of the Hoiticultui in tti? city and its vicinity, and if ocular demons(rati is desired, I invite those who wi-h to he thus satisfii to examine the trees in my q-arden at Dorchester p| cured from this nursery for three or four years pi some of which are now in bearing, all in a healthy vi^rnrou" state. Calalogues will be delivered gratis on applicati to ZEB. COOK Jr uilding — Congress Street Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, S,-c. STF.l'UKN F. MIELS i CO. (late Pri & Mills) proprietors of the extensive nun at Flushing, Long Island, near New Yoi offer (heir very choice and select collectia; s of all (he various kinds to which they ony give their personal altenlion, but which have i/((!,g-rea(ej- adeaji/ir^g^e of being engrafted from bearii treis whose accuracy has been tested ; they (herifore solicit with the fullest confidence the patronage vi the public. The Trees, Shrubs, Sec. are in (he most (hrif(y anil heaUby s(ate— the correctness of every sale by tiem is guaranteed— and the same attention observed in the selection as if the purchasers were present. Orders are solicited by the subscriber, Agent for (b« Proprietors, who will furnish catalogues on applicafiou. M23.6t HENRY L. BILLINGS, l!i India ^\ hart The Contents of a young JS/ursery for sale cheap. The subscriber a few j'ears since contemplated eslab- lishinga nursery for Fruit Trees and Flowering Shrubs,' and having altered his mind, ofl'ers for sale to prrson* (aking 50 trees or upwards a discount of 25 per cent oa former prices The trees are healthy, the appli t two, years from the bud or graft. — and ch-rrics, plum?, np-y ricots. and peaches one and two years. Also a few*' thousand pear stocks 3 and -1 years old. ^' All the aliove are wafranted/roTJi seed and not. .tuck' eri— a consideraple quantity of horse chestnuts— ah-o a great variety of flowering shrubs a( usual prices- Apply (o the Gardener, Mr Charles Senior. All the worked" trees are from Iriiit of (he best kinds cullivated neaf Boston. X lis( of (hem is left at th^ office of the New' England Farm* r. JOHN PRINCF. Jamaica Plain, Roxbury 20 March 1f;27. An Imported Bull for Sale. A full blood hull of (he North Devon breed, will he j years old in May next, will he sold at a reasonable rr.te or let on shSres for one or two years to any porson v. Im may he well reromnundtd. He is a superior annual -• dark red — as this breed always is — therefore (nsi'y ma(ched for working ca((le ; being (he most acliv, in England for labour — also excellt-D( for beef and milk. He is now a( Sandwich, N. H. and may be had Ihr- L-l of Vlay A letter to the subscriber (post paid) will be attended to. JOHN PRINCF. Roxbury. Mass. 20 March 1827. For sale by T. P. Meriam, Concord, Mass. 100 lbs. Onion seed, various kinds, which is genuine good. NEW ENGLAND FAKMEIl. I'ublished by Jon>- B. Rcssem- at No. 5'2 North Market Syet^(oppo.aeVar^uoi\UM).--^^ hi. V. BOSTOIN, FKIDAY, 7\PR1L G, 1827. No. 37 O.N TUB CULTURB OF SILK. \ Continued from page 282. PRKPARING THE SEEDS. .11 now proceed to give an account of the r Msod in Frnnce for disenfjaofin!;; the seeds lie fruit of the Diulberry, which requires a erablc degree of labour as well as attention. ,ng gathered the quantity of fruit you pro- ) set apart for seed, which must be thor- ' ripe before it is pulled, you put the fruit lartre tub or vessel, where you cause a per- tramp and press it wiili liis bare feet, in or- bruise the whole of it thoroughly, and by cans disengage the seed from the little pods s iu which it is cont.iined. \ ni"?t at the same time have in readiness :r tub. which must be pretty deep into which troduce a piece of flat wood, which must be .,_to rest on the sides of the tub, at the dis- u of six, eight or more inclies from the bottom AGlilCULTUKE. having put. the piece of wood iind the sieve in their proper places ns before, after which you pass the pulp and seed, by deg^ee^^, through the sieve, by rubbing it with your hand upon tin- bottom as before, and lifting up the sieve from time to time, with both hands, and shaldng it, as already men- tionod. In passing it this second time you will disengage a great quantity of the pulp, which you throw aside from time to time, as soon as you ob- serve that none of the seed remains among it. You then pour the water off as before ; and if you find that there is still some of the pulp romain- iGg with the seed you must pass it a third time through the sieve, which will effectually clean it, if your sieve is 6ne enougli. if your sieve is too coarse, that is if the holes are too large, it will occasion you a great deal more work, as you will be obliged to pass it of- tener through the sieve, since that operation must be repeated till the seed is perfectly clean ; after which you must spread the seed upon a clean cloth, and e.tpose it to the sun till it is thoroughly dry. Three days, or even four days of a full sun ra necessary to dry and harden the seed proper - tub, as you shall judge to be necessary for^^,^ .,^^^.„„._, . (uantity of fruii. This cross piece of wood jy for keeping. ...i„»„,i t„ o.irir.nrt c mnn/l rnnfi snivn. which Upon this part of the subject it seems proper to add, tliat in a cool moist country, such as about Paris or London, it is reckoned the mulberry tree carries a double, nay nearly a triple quantity of leaves to what it can do in the hotter or drier cli- mates, such as that of the South of France, which „.„ _^ i^ judged to be owing to the moiqture of the cli- ip the brim of the sieve, when placed uponf'ff^te, and the superior richness of the soil. In a ere of wood, you then put a handful or twoLoij moist climate a person is not able, even with ■e bruised fruit into the seive, which yon rub | the utmost care, to produce above half the co- with your hands upon the bottom of the | coons from the same quantity of eggs which can in order to make the seed pass through the be done in a warmer and drier climate. But as in , and every now and then you lift up the Uhg colder climate the mulberry carries nearly with both hands, and shake it to make the three times the quantity of leaves, which it can do . ^ ^Umt^rrh iT vi^KipVi rnrrip.f! the fleed :n ♦!.« ^tl.or . fmm thpnrp it arises, that the cold- .ulated to support a round cane seive, which est upon it. This sieve must be very fine, 5 the holes must be very small and close set icr, that as little of the pulp of the fruit as le may go through the holes with the seed. ngs being thus prepared, and the tub filled with water that it may rise more than half pass through it, which carries the seed ■ with it. Besides rubbing the fruit with hand upon the bottom of the sieve as above, also take it and rub it heartilv betwixt the 3 of your hands, rubbing the one hand against ther; as it takes a great deal of work and : to wet the seeds disensraged out of their cells, and this must be done effectually be- they will pass through the holes of the sieve, lis work must he repeated till you observe the whole of the seed has passed throusrli the in the other ; from thence it arises, that the cold er climates, such as those before mentioned are able on the whole, to raise at least as much silk, from the same quantity of eggs, as the warmer countries ; because the quantity of food is the great artitle, as the grain or eggs of the silk worm can easily he multiplied to as great a quan- tity as. you please. 1 HATCHING THE WORMS. Having thus gone through the articles of the he whole ot the seed nas passea mrousrii iiu, ^.......j, ...— t. r .i a tr. of the sieve: after which you throw aside greatest importance, so far as they occurred to ... -.i .„ ,.„i„t .,r, tr. flip firat ;inH leflfiinir branch or julp, and proceed in the same manner with Test of the frmt, till you have finished -the le. in tlien take the sieve and piece of wood out lie tub, and pour off all the water, when you find tho seed at the bottom : but alon? with great quantity nf the pnlp. which hr.s hren ed through the holes of the sieve, in ruhhirf f-iiit hard upon the bottom of it with your ':. as ahove-men'ioned. should have norVed. that all the seeds which Ti upon the surfire of the witer are light and d for nothing, and must, therefore, be thrown e. ou then put the pulp and the seed, which von mixed together at the bottom of the tub, into me, in relation to the first and leading branch of our subject ; the next, which naturally falls to be considered, is the method observed in France in hutching the worms. But before proceeding to the article it may not be improper to premise the following particulars as they seem justly to de- mand a very particular attention. Here th<;n 1 must observe thai the greatest care ought to be taken to procure healthy, good seed or eggs, because it has been ascertained from re- peated e.vperience that the eggs from those houses where the worms were infected with had air, car- ry along with them to the worms produced there from, the same distempers to which the worms of the preceding year were subject. The -eggs in order to be properly preserved. I mixed together at the tioitom ot ine lUD, inio x^^ -^f^e- .- - ^ ;,r, , f,„» nlr ther vessel, and fill the tub with water at first, I should be kept m some dry place, with a free .air not too hot ; and you should avoi.l keeping tiieni in any vault or cellar under grotiiid ; because anv kind of damp is found to be destructive to them. Tho eggs of the silk worm have been found to degenerate in the .space of five years; hence a change from time to time is judged to be necessa ry, taking caro to have the eggs brought from a warmer to a colder climate. This however tnusi be done by degrees, and not carried at once from one extreme to another. For example, eg-g^ brought from t.he Levant, the isle of Cyprus, or from other «mm'lries iu the same latitude, ough; not to befc'Oiighi at once into such a cold climatt as that of Flanders or the north of France ; hu( should be first brought into such a climate as that of Provence or Languedoc, from whence,. after having remained there for two years li-ey can be brought with safety into the colder countries. The first year that the eggs are brought from a warm to a cold climate, you must not expect .^reai success from them : on the contrary, you will find, though the utmost caro and attention are given tc them" that the greatest part of tho worms will die. But still you will be able to save ei-.augh to stock yourself sufficiently with the egg.s, which every succeeding year will be found to answer better a» the worms beoome naturalized to the climate, which can only he brought about gradually ; and indeed more time will be requisite for this purpose in Britain than in France, as the climate upon the continent is more fixed and steady than in Eng land. In transporik»«5 liie eggs from one cojntiy t... another, especially where this is done by sea, you must order them to be put into a bottle, which ought not to be filled more than half full, that the eggs may not lie too close together, which might run the risk of heating them, and causing them to hatch. The bottle being but half full, leaves suffi- cient room to the eggs to be tossed upside down by the motion of the vessel, which keeps them cool and fresh, and hinders them from heating. After putting the effgs into the bottle, let it be carefully corked ; a cover of leather put over the cork ; and let that be sealed, to prevent any danger of chang- ing the eggs. When corked and sealed as above, pu^t the botUe into a double case, or box of wood ; not only to preserve the eggs from all damp from the sea, or otherwise, but also to protect them from too much heat, which would cause them to hatch. If the bottle is too full, the eggs will he too clo^e upon one another, and will in that case heat of themselves, and hatch, and consequently m both cases must be lost. The eggs that are duly impregnated by the male butterfly are of a grey cindery colour, which col- our thev preserve till they are properly prepared for hatchinff, as after mentioned. The eggs which are not dulv impregnated are readily to be distin- cruished from this circun.s'ance, vi . that after be- Tng kept for some time, they always continue to be'of a yellow colour ; and I need scarce add that such eggs are good for nothing, and ought there- fore to be thrown away. There is no distinguish- inavy, March 8, 1837. 9 a ready market, where they can instantly realize a reward for their iudmtry The owner of this new system is willing to locate himself amongst us in a cputral situation, pioiided he can be sure of ob- taining for tlie first year the produce nf ai hasttwr, hundred acres ci/JJar land. lie oflers as guaran- tees of the perlbrmaiico of his engageuient.-s, se- curities of the first respectability in New-York, and references in Paterson and the place where he now resides. He lias already made engagements with several respectable landholders in Klizaheth- town, Woodbridge. &c. amongst whom are Major Kean, president of the Essex agricultural society, Mr Rd. Townley, Maj. Edgar of Woodbridge, &c. As tlie time for sowing flax is at hand, it is im- portant that the attention of our agriculturalists should be immediately directed to this subject, in order to induce this gentleman to establish him- self in this region, particularly as this branch of bu.sinesa may be conducted to a very considerable extent. He can sell his flax dressed, 20 per cent, cheaper than any other. .\t the exhibition of the New York Agricultural and Mechanical Society, held at Albany in 1826, he received the premium for the best process of dressing flax without rotting. [Rahway, N. J. Advocate] FLAX. •e citizens of this section of the country have ;r!y paid considerable attention to thecuUiva- of Fla.T ; but this branch of agricaUure, so uralie to the soil, has been, of late years, gen- y neglected, because there has been no mar- or any considerable quantity of this article. — has been a subject of regret to our farmers, icularly on account of the actual low pricci of t of the productions of our soil. We are happy ate that it is now in the power of our farmers ogage anew in the cultivation of this very im- ant article. Very advantageous propositions sheen mace to many of our citi7ens by a gcn- lan who is in possession of a secret for dressing without rotting, and who has had. for two rs past, an establishment in successful opera- I on the North River. "he flax is received from the farmers after the id is taken off, without any other- preparation, *il5 per ton, cash down. Very judicious far- rs say that at this price a veat profit of from Vi 18 dollars may be realized from an acre of land, 1 this with the double advantage: 1st /)f being ieved from the unhealthy and troublesome pro- ;s of rotting and dressing : 2d, of being sure of CULTURE OF SILK. The public attention has been often called, of late, to the culture of silk. Statements have been made on good authority, through the medium of the press, which induce us to believe, that the Mulberry tree is csngenial to our climate, that the silk worm may be raised, and that the important article of silk may be profitably produced in any desirable quantity among us. It has been said, that the profits, arising from the culture nnd manu- facture of tliis article in one town in Connecticut, during last year alone, were more than f 40,000 ! If this be true, the farmers in this viciuity might devote a part of their land and attention to the production of this article, more profitable than any thing else. It is known to many of our readers that the mulbery tree and silk worm have been cultivated in this country, and that some fine spe- cimens of sewing silk, manufactured from the na- tive material, have been produced. Miss Blodget and Miss Wright of Tyngshoro", and Miss Fitch of Framingham, have at different times obtained a premium from our County Agricultural Society, for their successful efforts in raising and manu- facturing this article. How long and how much their attention has been devoted to it, and what success has attended their labours we are unable to say. We are equally ignorant of the particular method they have pursued. Considerable skill and attention is doubtless requiiite to insure success in this business. We have been told those who have made the experiment are satisfied with its utility. When properly made, it has uniformly been Buccessful. [Yeoman's Gaz.] The following recipe for ink will be found to be superior to that published last week, as it contain- ed an essential omission : Into a quart of soft water put 5 ounces best A- leppo galls, broken into small pieces — Let this stand exposed to the air (hut secure against the dust) for 5 days. Then add 2 ounces gum arabic, let it stand 5 days longer, then add 2 ounces cop- peras and a piece of Indigo the size of a chesnut, i after which it will soon be fit for use. ' CANKER WORMS. These most troublesome visitants infest th« or chaids in this vicinity to an almost unprecedented degree. On visiting a neighbor's orchard a day or two since, we saw an innumerable quantity ot these worms scattered over all the trees. Our fanners are tarring their trees, and taking such measures as are in their power, to prevent their pernicious influence, but it is feared they will de- stroy most of our usual quantity of fruit. We should be pleased if some ope would communicate to us the most effectual method to destroy them • Concord Gazette. Redheifer outdone. — An impostor by the nami' of Greensburg Baxter has been for some days practising successfully upon the credulity of the multitude by the exhibition of a (nominally) self moving water wheel. A number were found suf- ficiently credulous to be gulled into a belief, that perpetual motion was discovered ; and a company was forthwith formed ; and the shares all taken up at oncp. It is stated that so great was the in- fatuation, that tlio shares actually rose from » trifle to one thousand dollars Suspicion was ex- cited at a meeting of the directors on Thursda\ evening, and they determined upon inspecting the mysteries of the machine on that very night, in- stead of yesterday morning, when Mr Baxter was to have exhibited it, or rather run off with his money, leaving it to exhibit itself. To the solicit ations of the stockholders he gave nothing but evasions — and they determined to force open the door of the building where it was exhibited, and the key to which, he pretended was lost. Upon prying up the floor, a crank, pump, flywheels, &c. were discovered and the mystery at once solved. The rage of the curious was tremendous, and they proceeded at once to the house of the impostor, whose wife denied that be was in — the police of- ficers were «ent for, and the cunning artist safely lodged in Bridewell. [N. Y. Times.] " Panther Hunt. — The Detroit Gazette relates that an elderly emigrant in the county of Wash- tenaw, discovering what he suspected to be the tracts of a panther, invited sixteen young woods- men to assemble with their rifles and hunt the ani- mal. They surrounded the wood, approached the centre, and succeeded in driving him to a tree. — He was shot by several balls, but did not fall until a bold young man climbed the tree and threw him down. The son of the old gentleman who had dis- covered the track, first came near, and taking the panther by the tail, he raised it at arms length, and having examined it for a moment. — "Dad," said he, "this is our old Cat !" "Poh," said the old man, "that can't be — 'tis twice as large as our old cat." "Look for yourself," said the son. The thing was then subjected to the old gentleman's examination, who was reluctantly forced to admit "that it was our old cat .'" It is asserted by naturalists of the herring, that if suffered to multiply unmolested, and its offspring to remain undiminished for only 20 years, the whole would be many times greater than the bulk of the earth ; and that a single cod-fish will pro- duce, at one time, if they escape depredation, a number equal to the whole population of England. A hoy in Fngland lately destroyed himself from his curiosity to feel hanging sensations. Poor fel- low ! — those sensations are always indescribable, if felt. •292 NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. April G. a (Selected for the American Farmer.) HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. Prom Loudoii's Gardtner^s Magn-inefor 182G. Preservation of Apples in K'inter. — Robert Don- ald thus describes his method and success in pre- serving apples, in the Gardener's Mairaziiie : " I had a trench dug five feet wide, one foot be From Yeoman's Gazette. now alluded to, a thousand plants will be main- tained on the same space, and the weight of prod- 1 ucc in herbage and in hay increased in proportion. It has been remarked by farmers that if oats and peas arc sown together, each in suiScient quanti- ties for a crop, the product of each will be as great as it it had occupie ■ the ground wholly. The only j way in wliich I can account foi this fact, as also ■ been so iuattenlivo to keeping our barley clej rno'„,.„„n,l „,, I .„.olvofpptlnna- that quoted above from from Curtis, is upon the j pure,'ihat the barley trom Maine and New : low the sarrace ot the ffvounu, and twelve leet long. ^ , r i- l j l. • , , ■ , , .• i I covered the sides and bottom with turf, the gras- t'-o'T of Gnsenth-vaite, that ditfei^nt spec.es of [ sh.re, had obtained a decided preterence ovd y sides upwards, and then filled the space with : P'^^ts take up different qualities of food from the , in the markets of Boston and New York.' Golden Klbs a^d French Crabs, about 2^ feet -1 ; that what is indispensable for the perfec, on , nc TO THE CULTIVATORS OF BARl| I last year addressed you, on the subject i ley, and particularly advised you to procu sow clean seed. I was induced to do this, j that so many of us, have sowed bad sea pretend to be able to direct you, in thl , • » .1 I ' T .1 „„' of one. is not necessary to, or laken up by another; ' mole of cultivation — but only to remind yoa deep in the centre, sloping to the sides ; i then ,"' ""^' '=»""•• "-'- ' .' , i r „i ,■ , u- i t i i i *• .u i> j covered them close with tuif, the grassy side next that each requires a specihc or particular food.- , t^ct wh ch I had received, tro the Brew^ Uie fruit, to keep them clean. I next had the ridge ; 'n^<^od, this is amply recognised in the rota .on of N. York, and ffom Mr. Lair , and Mr^Sowdl covered with mould a foot thick, to keep out the \ ^"'P^- A succession ot the same crops w.ll .nev- { Boston and .t see,«s you did not much regaJ frost and exclude the external air. In the end ofptably detei-iorate. unless the soil upon which they suggestions, for very 1. tie of e.i her clean o%|,e.m April I had them taken out, in fine preservation, are sown, .s annually supplied with ^the spechc was sowed, .n^either of the Counties of Es^ [ a-ain last autumn kept 50 bushels in the game i fofx^ "'h":'' they consume. ' -- -" " - - - "' way, with equal success." We see this principle j Middlesex, and it is a fact which ought to ( further illustrated in the alternations of spines i some surprise, that since the 1st November, j Charcoal dust, the refuse of a charcoal pit, ap- ^hich are constantly taking place in our meadows , thirty thousand busMs of barley have been plied to the ground half an inch thick, and mod- "'"d in our forests. In Gloucester, Lng. the sainfoin orately mixed with the top soil, has been found a \ ^U abide in the chalk soils ten years ; after which complete preventive of the depredations of the the same ground w.ll not grow sainfoin tdl ten .rub, of .nouldiness in onions, and the clubbing in °ther years have intervened. (Marshall.) In Hoi- the roots of cabbages and cauliflowers. Jjoddige's J^urscry, at Hackney, near London land it is considered unsafe to sow flax oftene»- than once in ten or twelve years. Grisenthwaite, ted into the port of Boston, to wit, from Bren (iermany 97, .500 bushels, anil from Smyrna in key a.'iOO bushels ; — this quantity might wedj been produced in the County of Mildlesex and probably have saved $15,000 or $20,000, \ ent out of the County to pay for this barl^ contai..s more than 8000 species, excUisivo of 2000 it may be remarked, contends that a rotation of j Must there not be something in our hush varieties of plants. The trees and shrubs are said "ops is not necessary ; but this is only on t^he sup- to exceed in numt,er those of any other collection PO^'^'^ou, that the specific manure consumed by the ,n the world. Of the acer (Maple,) there are 27 ""P i^ ^'""'■'^"y '''^^''"^'^ "^ 'he soil by the cult.va- ■ ■ . ,.1 \ A'r c / I \ oo tor It is well known that a voung apple tree var.et.es ; cfjtagus thorn, 47 ; fraxmus ash, -32; ''""^- "■ " "''" '^', ," ' =• , '^*^,. , , . , jf, , 1 1 J,, , , will njt 3row we 1 where an old one has died or pinus, (pine,) 40 ; quercus, (oak,) 40 ; rosu, (rose,* wm uji, mow with its varieties, 1450 ; salix, (willow,) 192 ; ul- mus, (elm,) 20, &c. Covent Garden .Market. — The following abstract of the prices of forced and other vegetables in the London market, which are quoted from Loudon, cannot fail to excite surprise : Feb. 7. Asparagus 10 to 12s per 100. .Apples IG to 20s per bushel. Feb. 2L Cucumbers 2Is per brace. March 21. Colmar Pears \l. Is per dozen, and ihought cheap. Strawberries ;js per oz. Sweet- water grapes £2 2s and upwards per lb. April 24. Grapes 24 to 30s per lb. Strawberries 2s per oz. Apples 24s per bushel. April 18. Young Potatoes 2s (id to 4s per lb. will nJt grow wi been dug up ; yet a tree of another species may thrive well there. Nurserymen, if they under- hich ought to be reformed ! Can barley be gl cheaper in Germany than we can grow it ! soil is said to be fertile, but the air cold, must be owing to the patient industry of the that thy are able to send us barley, when it come charged with a duty of 15 per cent, andii freight, and commissions of the mercnants. The stand their business, never plant a species of tree i is probably 3000 barrels of flour brought fiomt where the same kind has been taken up, until the ground has been well manured and cropped two or three seasons. The facts stated by Mr. Curtis are particularly important to grass husbandry. Grasses, like other plants, have their particular seasons of growth. — There are several species which start with the fir.st appearance of vegetation, and which blossom in April or May. Others start later, grow vigorous- ly after the first have become stationary, and flow- er in succession, in June, July and August. Oth- ers preserve their vigour and growth until vegeta- tion is checked by the frost of autumn. A pasture South, and consumed in the County of Muidl annually, which must cost us not less than .SI5j now as we have a fine soil and climate for ba we ought to be able to send them as much aniidr ly, as will purchase that flour ; this would appe to be a fair exchansje of commodities, and encouragement to the coasting trade, to q them each way, and can we engage in a bi culture ! The increased demand for beer, is a al ject of congratulation, and if encouraged, may time, drive out that vile poison. New Engliiud rut which now pervades every place, in our dwelling at the taverns — in the fields — in the stages — tb .May \G. Cherries 12 to IGs. per lb. , .„ ,, , t- u- u^l i. r ■ ■ j , ,■ , ./«ne3.Garden.««i7.1s.perdo7.. Eng!ish/,o^J P"«sessing these different kinds, some of which , breath of every one is tainted, with this vilo po Id each • Hnakes 4d each • leeches 10 to 20s per 1 "re in vigourous growth in every part of the graz- son— it is then no less our interest than our dul ,, hunivwi.— See Gardener's Magazine, p. 216, -348. 1 '"g reason, must possess a nmuifest advantage | to encouraae the introduction, and use - Important fact in regard to grasses.-Any cer- , °ver that which has but one or two kinds, which tail soil, says Curtis, will maintain a greater, and only shoot with superfluous plenty in spring, in produce more nutritions produce, if cropped with miasummer,or in autumn, independently of the con- number of difterent species of grasses, than it siderations suggested by Mr. Curtis, timttlie num- ber of plants, and the gross product, will be more maintains and produces if cropped with only one „ , , . u j or two species. Th» is a curious and important than doubled : it affords a luxuriant growth, and fact, and which has been unnoticed in previous abundance of nutritious feed, al all times. It is works on the subject, as well as neglected in prac- this property which gives a peculiar value to old lice. If an acre of good land is sown with three pastures. In Great Britain they are estimated a pecks of ryegrass, and one peck of the clovers or third more valuable tor the dairy than pastures trefoil, 470 plants only will be maintained on the "ewly laid down ; because they contain many square foot of such land; if a larger quantity of gr.>s.-:es, some of which luxuriate at every season these seeds is sown, whether of these two species of the year. By sowing the many kinds of grasses or -of any other two, the extra plants vegetated, which they contain, a new pasture will attain the (Which will certainly appear at first, if the seeds >'=i'"e of an old one, the second or third year after are good) will decay in a short time, leaving blank 'e'^'1'"g- A better afention to our indigenous spaces to be filled up with weeds or spurious gras- gi-^'sses, and the intro, uction ot mo* from abroad, ses; or in fact, plants of different species, supplied would very much further the interests of Ameri- by the soil, manure, or neighbouring hedges. But ^an farming^ J- B- f, instead of two species of grasses, eight to tweu- ^ g|,ip loaded with stores and provisions has ty different soits are sown on the same soil, or that (just galled from Philadelphia for Greece. liquors. The increase of breweries, in Massacht setts, promises much for the barley culture, an we shall be likely to find a more ready market and get cash too, for our barley than for any othe grain we can cultivate. Whether the seed froD Smyrna, and Bremen, will be the best to sow, am not able to inform you. Seed carried fron I North to South generally succeeds well. Boston i: in latitude 42, Bremen is in latitude .53. consequent ly colder than Boston, or Massachusetts ; and i would appear, that Bremen barley might succeec well in Middlesex County. Smyrna is in latitude 38, and consequently much warmer than our cli- mate— hence it appears that barley succeeds in • variety of climate, but there miy be other things besides climate, to he talien into the calculation- Mr. Breed, a merchant in Dock Square, invites purchasers to buy of him, for seed — and I under- stand he sells for 00 cents the bushel. Good b.ir- ley of well approved quality, is sold in Worcester for $1 the bushel. I have deemed it proper at L v.— No. ;n. ''■ 1 ime, to tnnke lliese suggestions lor your con- lition. VVi! lanners soUloui write on these cts, but claiming to be an enlightened class Sw omaiiry, we ought to be more communicotive prul I things relating so directly to our interest. A Middlesex Husbandman. FRANKLIN'S THEORY OF NORTH- EAST STORMS. Franklin hail liopeil to observe an eclipse of noon at Pliiladelpliia, but was prevented by a h east Sturm that commenced at seven in the This he afterwards found did not occur loston till eleven, and upon enquiry, he had n to suppose, it parsed to the north east at ate of about KM miles an hour. The manner ■hich he accounted for the current of air's mencing at the point of compass opposite to from which it appeared to proceed, was as i 1 suppose a long canal of water, stopped at end by a gate. The water is at rest till the is opened ; then it begins to move out thro' ■ate ; and the water iie.xt the gate is put in ion and moves towards the gate and so ok suc- iively, till the water at the head of the canal 1 motion, which is last of all. In this case all water moves indeed towards the gate ; but the ;essive times of beginning the motion are in contrary way, viz. from the gate back to the d of the canal. Thus to produce a north east m, I suppose some great rarefaction of the air )r near the Gulph of Mexico; the air rising nee lias its place supplied by the next more them, cooler, and therefore denser and heavier a successive current is formed, to which our ;t and inland give a north east direction." ■"he correctness of the above theory of Pr anklin has been confirmed by later observations 'Enroae as w-ell as in America. NEW ENGLAND FARMEH. TO FREE MOLASSES PROM ITS SHARP TASTE, AN'I) RENDER IT I'TT TO BE USED INSTEAD OF SUGAR. Take twenty-four pounds of molasses, twenty- four pounds of water, and six pounds of charcoal, coarsely pulverised ; mix them in a kettle, and boil the whole over a slo>v wood fire. When the mixture has boiled half an hour, pour it into a flat vessel, in order that the charcoal may sub.sidc to the bottom ; then pour off the liquid and place it over the fire once more, that the superfluous water may evaporate, and the molns^;es brought to their former consistence. Twenty-four pounds of mo lasses will produce twenty-four poiinifs of syrup. This method has been employed on a large scale with the happiest effects ; the mola.'sses became sensibly milder, and can be employed in many ar tides of food ; though in dishes, where milk is used, or for cordials mixed with spices, sugar is to be preferred. — English pa. ing red, till it ceases to give out an inflammable vapour. If it is not employed immediately, it oughl to be kept in a ground .stopped glass boltle, and may then be preserved unimpaired to any length of time. The ctTccts of this prepared charcoal are very striking. Being mixed with common vinegai or any kind of wine, a thick froth ristjs to the sur- face, and the liquors after filtration are found to be as limpid usu'ater. The filthiest and most pu- trid ditch water is in like manner rendered per- feclly clear, -no lorous and insipid; and rancid oils are also deprived of their smell and taste by repeated filtration through this prepared charcoal. Hence also its peculiar efficacy as a dentifirice ; ii is sulHciently hard to remove concretions from the teeth without iujuriug the enamel, while it neu- tralises and destroys for a time any fcetor which may arise from a carious tooth. — flees Cyclopedia. TO MAKE ECONOMICAL WICKS FOR LAMPS. When using a lamp with a flat wick, if you will take a piece of clean stocking or other cotton rag, and shape and adapt it to the tube or receptacle for the wick, it will answer the purpose as well as the cotton wicks which arc sold in the shops. English pa. MANAGEMENT OF RAZOR STROPS. Most razor strops are spoiled by being left too dry ; a drop or two of sweet oil, frequently added to the strop would remedy this : and after using the strop, passing the razor on the inside of a warm hand gives the smoothest and finest edge ; putting tiie razor in warm water makes it cut very keen, and perhaps nothing makes a better razor strop than crocus martis, with a little sv.'eet oil rubbed well on leather with a glass bottle. — Ibid. CELERIAC. n the last report of the transactions of the Lon- n Horticultural Society, we find a I'apor on the iltivation on what is represented to ha a delicious sulect, called Celeriac, or turnip-rooted celery. is cultivated e- tensively in Demaark and Ger- any, but as yet is little known in England. The ots are from three to five inches diameter ; slic- i they are excellent in soups, or may be eaten ith vinegar as a pleasant winter siiUad. The ■ermans prepare the roots by boiling, till a fork isily passes through them, and when cold they •e used with oil and vinegar ; when boiled, the oat of fibres of the roots ought to be cut away, nd the roots placed in cold water on the fire, not boiling water. The roots are also excellent, tewed in rich gravy. Perhaps some of our enter- ising horticultiiralisls will introduce a vegetable hicli promises so well. CHERRY TEEE GUM. The gum that exudes from the trunk and branches of the cherry tree is said to be equal to gum arable. Hasselquist relates that during a siege more than one hundred men were kept alive for two months nearly, without any other suste- nance than a little of this gum taken into the mouth sometimes and suffered gradually to dis- solve.—r-/6iV. PUBLIC SPIRIT. Mr E. Dusar, of Philadelphia, has lately import- d from France, a large quantity of the most ap- jroved Mulberry plants and seeds, which he, as •veil as John Hare Powel, and Chandler Price, Esqrs. are cultiv.ating at the village of Hamilton, near Philadelphia, for the patriotic purpose of aid- ing and encouraging the growth of silk in this country. Mr Dusar lias also imported many thous- ands of the Silk Worm Eggs, and it is said to be necessary to attend to the changing of these, as in certain plants which degenerate from too long continued cultivation in the same ground. DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS. As the season of vegetation approaches, a re- mark upon the application of Tobacco water in the destruction of inse^ ts, may not be amiss. In the process of preparing tobacco for use, a liquid is finally expressed from it, which is very cheap, and highly destructive to animal life This mixed with three to five parts water, is found to be an effectual remedy, for the aphis, caterpillars, and similar insects which infest fruit trees. CLARIFICATIO.'V WITH CHARCOAL. The effects of charcoal in clarification are both curious and important. They were first noticed by M. Lowity of Petersbur^h, and have for the most part been amply confirmed by succeeding observers, although the precise cause of these re- markable changes has not been satisfactorily as- certained. '^,\\\ that is essential tor this purpose is, that the charcoal should be in fine pnv.der and very dry ; hence the only preparation requisite is to pulverize some well burnt common charcoal, and then heat it in a covered crucible to a glow- GARDENING. Little time ought now to be lost in preparing now and old gardens for early spring crops. See Uhat the fences are in good order. Hogs and cat- I tie soon find out a faulty pannel, and will not fail to take advantage of it ; and a whole season's work may be destroyed for want of a few hours work at the fence. Next to a good fence, it is indispensably necessa- ry to have a sufficiency of suitable manure; with- out this, in the soils of this country especially, la- bor is vain. 'With a portion of well rotted stable dung, Lime is the most powerful and most suitable fertilizer of our soils, with which we are acquain- ted. If the soil bo moderately deep, a half hush- el of slacked liine may be evenly spread over ev-' ery twenty feet square. If the soil be sodden and clayey, a moderate coat of coal ashes, sand or the black coal dirt, well known here, will be of signal benefit. The liming must not be repealed for several years. The life and soil of a garden, afler it is well manured, is to have it well worked. If it is a new- lot, let it be ploughed and cross ploughed, and well harrowed ; if an old one, it ought to be dug at least two spades deep, if the soil will admit of it, and be well turned up and pulverised in the digging. It is an injurious and slovenly practice, too common here, to scratch over the surface of the earth a few inches deep. The consequence is, plants nut forth their roots and very soon meet a hard unfertili/.ed stratum, which they cannot pene- trate, and quickly become puny and sickly fronj want of room and nourishment ; and being so neat the surface of the earth, the least drought kills them out-right. It is then a subject of wonder and surprise, what can be the matter, — and the poor soil or climate, or both, has to bear all the bl.ame of the laziness or inattention of the Garden- er. It js all important to have the best seeds. The fruit will assures 27.5 miles ; following the nieanderings cf to grow, the last week in May. It should be put 'stream, the distance is nearly 400 miles. ! ol. V No. ;i:. NEW ENGLAND 1 AUiUKK. R. I. .Imericiin." — Mr. llullet, late Editor of roviilcucc Juiirual, has uudcrtaken the eilito- !,pj departintul ot'this paper. Mr Hallet has long favourably known as an eilitor, and we think American under his management will assume h rank among its coutomporaries. BRIGHTON MARKET, April 2. umber of Cattle ;?0(), inclnding 50 which re- dent of the Caledonian J lorticultural Society re- commends clay paint for the destruction of insects and the mildew on fruit trees. The instructions are, that you take u ipiantity of the most tenacious brown clay th.-it can be obtained ; dilfuse it amono- as much soft water, as will bring it to the consis- tence of thick crea,m or paint ; pass it through a fine sieve or hair search, so that it may be made perfectly smooth and unctuous, and free from any ed unsold last week. The Beef cattle were ! ^rittv particles. With a painter's brush dipped in rally of a bettor e re- sumed. •296 NEW ENGLAfVD PARMER. April »i, i&m IM:X^CEI.I.AI7ZI2S. OUR OWN FIRESIDE. Dear in the morn's soft blowing ga',,' Is budding May ; Sweet in the tvild-rose scented vale 'J'he scattered haj ; Otar is the early evening star, The lover's guide : But dearer still, and sweeter far. Our own fireside. Dear is the linnet's lively son^ That cheers the grove , Sweet is the breeze that wafts along The sigh of love ; Dear to the sailor's heart the call O' land desciied ; But, ah! more dear, more sweet than all. Our own fireside. Piize Poetry. — Some years since, a Mr. Dick- son, who was Provost of Dundee in Scotland, died, and by will left the sum of one guinea, to a per- son to compose his epitaph upon liim ; which sum he directed the three e.xecutors to pay. The exe- cutors, thinking to defraud the poet, agreed to meet and share the guinea among themselves, each contributing a line. Tlie First gave — "Here lies Dickson, provost of Dundee ; The Second — "Here lies Dickson, here lies he ; The Third was enibarassed for a long time, but unwilling to lose his share of tlie guinea, at length vociferously bawled "Hallelujah, Hallalujee,', which completed the epitaph. bridge, 3 or 4 ; at riollislon, :i ; Natiek, about the same number ; in the Counties of Barnstable and Dukes County, ()93 — In addition to these, there are two smiill remnants of aborigines on the Vine- yard, amounting to about 'ii. The IVfarshpee, Gayhead, Christiantown and Chapycquiddie tribes have schools, which were establishen by the socie- ty for propagating the gospel among the Indians, in North America, and e.\hibited to the committee very favourable specimens of their improvement. [S: lem Observer.] Coloured Cotton. — At an annual cattle show of the South Carolina Agricultural Society, hell on the 2.'3d of February, a letter was read from Mr J. W. Watson, dated at Guayaquil, atcompanying a present of a parcel of cotton seed of a new kind, the production of Peru. The cotton is naturally coloured ; the plant is perennial. It is raised from the seed in a kind of nursery, and afterwards transplanted and set in rows. It grows to nearly the same height as the peach tree, and produce for fivQ years. The writer is of an opinion that it might be succeasfnlly cultivated in tlie Uniied States. One Variety of it is of a light brown col- or, with a pretty good staple, and in his opinion woiild make excellent nankeens. cases, but I know of no remedy unless taveruki ers can dispense with selling liquors. The hi bottle brings in dirt sufficient to manure a farm. It is a pleasure to accommodate the cl traveller and the town business man, but the t ctestable. March The real Perpetual motion discovered. — W^hile others have their intervals of leisure, the printer has none ; while the tired laborer seeks an early repose — the merchant throws aside his books and bargains and enjoys the social fireside in an even- ing at home — the manufacturer loses the bands that drive his complicated machinery — the farmer drinks his generous cider fiom the old fashioned silver or pewter mug, (as the case may be) hand- ed down from his sires, and cracks his nuts and jokes around the blazing hearth — while these are partaking the enjoyments of relaxation, and ac- quiring new vigor for the labors of the succeeding day — the printer is at his case picking up little bits of lead vi ith letters stamped on them, or la- bouring with his brain and pen to elicit something that shall please his readers of the morning, or correcting proof sheets by the fading light of a lamp, until that light beufins to blend with ihe tin- ges of early dawn. Such are the occupations of the printer and the editor, and when the dishes for one morning's course arc sei ved up — the press- man has closed his labor of striking off the im- pression, and the assistants have folded, directed and mailed the papers for the day, then comes the time to commence new preparations, mental and manual, for another publication. [Providence Journal.] Indians in this Commonwealth. — A very in- teresting report has been made respecting the In- dians of this Commonwealth. The committee re- presented the whole number to be about 1000. In Grafton, Worcester county, there are a few of the Ilassanamisco tribe ; in Canton, about a dozen ; at Dudley, half that number ; at Middleborough, about 15 or 20 ; at Dartmouth, from 8 to 12, of the Troy Indians ; at Maiden, 4 : at West Stock- Twenty-live hundred bales of Cotton were lan- ded at the wharves in Savannah, from different parts of the state, during the 48 hours previous to the lOth inst. Letters from London, of Feb. 8, say groat im- portations of Cotton are to be made from Bombay this year. It is thought India Cottons do not make strong g-oods. Florida Svgar. — Sugar has been produced on the plantation of Coir Domett, in Florida, which is pronounced to be superior to the heat Havana Su- gar. From about 35 acres it was expected 3U hhds. would be raised. Nothing annoys an enemy more than kindness. It is an anow that generally hits the mark. It is the most severe, yet the most noble mode of treat- ment. SUGAR PLANTATIONS. A Louisiana paper states, that Gen. Wade Hamp- ton has three sugar plantations on the Mississippi, below Donaldson, upon which 301) hands are em- ployed who make this year 1000 hhds. of 1260 lbs. each, worth in New-Orleans, at the ordinary price of 7 cents per lb. .^589,600. The General however, shipped his own sugar to the northern markets, es- timates his nett revenue, this year, from Louisiana plaitaiions, at $10(1,000. Judge Carlier has on the Mississippi, opposite to ponaldson, 70 acres of cane, hands employed 30,' quantity of sygar made 120 hhds. weighing each about 1200 lbs. worth say $10,080. Jos. Bourgeois, on the Bayou Lafourche, about 28 miles below Donaldson, -JO arpents of cane, hands employed 12, quantity of sugar made 40 hhds ; weighing each about 1000 lbs v^orth say $2,800. P. Aubert, about 40 miles below Donaldson on the Bayon Lafou-che, 150 arpents of cane, hands employed 37, sugar made KJO hhds. weighing each about 1.300 lbs. worth say .$14,000. Mr Editor — I was happy to observe in your last paper an article on the dirty condition of many taverns in New England. This is too true in some Kenrick JVursen/. FRUIT AND FORF.ST TRF.FS for « IS usual near the Brighton Post Offii The Nursery contains a good varietyof y frees ; and of Pear trees, from which tlemen who seasonably apply can obtain sampli several of VIr Knight's new sorts, so highly rccom ed in the Agricultural Journal. Also many thou of budded apple trees of superior kinds, good size, allowed by ail to be very thrifty and handsome, eral thousands of budded Peach trees, conslstin^ choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts disci ed in gardens or the market ; the peach trees are 5 to y feet high, and the buyer has bis choice cents each ; there are likewise plenty of .Apricoti Nectarines. Of good sized Ornamental trees, the Flowerin alpas, and Horse (-hesnut — the Mountain Ash — Wj ing Willow — Silver Fir — Larch — Sugar maple — ternut, tc. Currant bushes, — the common red o) sizes, by the dozen, hundred, or thousand, on m ate terms. — Also the large Dutch VNhite, and Red the Champaine "nd the Black. — Red, White Damask Rose lushes. — Senna, Gum Acacia, Engj grapes, — Red and White Antwerp Raspberries, &c. This Nursery, within six miles of Boston and ily viewed, stands in no need of that incessant pr; the interested and artful lavish on some distant series, which they well know are located in direction for supplying people in these Noilhern St; For it is an established maxim, of which they cani be ignorant, that trees of rapid growth ought not to fie robbed of their roots in the fashionable way and ru^.toi cri from a mild to a colder situation, — -but the rt vt rse However, Yankee sagacity is not easily outniltcd hence experienced Agriculturists as far south as !■' hodr Island, give a decided preference to trees fnun "sorlli ern Nurseries. Orders addressed to J. & W. Kenrick, and s.iitl the Brighton post office, or left at the office of l-uiHi Fenno in Slate S^treel, will be duly attended to trees will be packed in clay and matts for shipping w' ordered j but distant gentlemen should always em some agent to receive and pay for them. On Sal days, paci^ed trees will be delivered in Boston frei charge for conveyance. Ill transplanting one year's growth is frequ'nl lost, if the trees happen to survive, by an unreasonable diminution of the roots, therf fore special care shall lie taken for their preservation. tf. March 9.f jseili Fruit and Ornamtntal Ti-ees, Shrubs, Sfc. STF.PHKN F. MILLS i- CO. (late PrinCP Mills) proprietors of the extensive tiurserj t Flushing, Long Island, near .New 'i ork, ffer their very choice and sthcl culii rtiinvi Fruit reifofall the various hinds to which thiy not ony give their personal attcnliun, but which have the s/t//gTfa/rr a(//an/n^e of being engrafted from bi arinf trees whose accuracy has been tested ; they Ibi refore solicit with the fullest confidence the patronage uf the public. The Trees, Shrubs, etc. are in the most thrifty and healthy state. — the correctness of every sale by tlitm n g.uaranteed — and the same attention observed in th0 selection as if the purchasers were prestnt. Orders are solicited by the subsciiber, Agfnt for the Proprietors, who will furnish catalogues on application. M23.6t HENRY L. BlLLliNGS. LS India \Uiarf. While Mulberry and Jl'oad Seed. George Murdock, No 14 Market Square, has re- ceived a quantity of the above named .leed, of the last years .growth, and of a superior quality, to sell by the quantity or at retail. Also a general assortment of Garden Seeds. 6w» The Farmer is-published every Friday, at $'2.?,(i pef annum, if paid in ad-ance. I NEW ENGLAND FARMER. OL. V. Published by John B. Russkli. at No. 5'i North ilarknt t^trect, (opposite Pamioil Hall) Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, vVPRIL 18, 1827. No. 38. tie :i th AGitlCULTURE. ON THE CULTURE OF SILK. ~~ Continued J'ioki page 080. c tilings being p'.oniised. I shall now pro- to describr ihe method I observed to be used ance for hatchin;^ the worms. In order to tlie loss which must necessarily follow, if ulberry leaves should happen to be destroy- fi'ost, attcr yon Iiavo begun to prepare your , tlicy reckon it advisable to divide them, and re them for hatching at two different times, distance of ten or twelve days, the one after her. e advancement of the season determines the of preparing your eggs for hutching, as you [ sed to that as soon as you observe that there I prospect of having a sufficient quantity of j for your worms, by the advancement of the' ;s of the mulberry. But in order to be proper- I epared for this work, you must begin a month I re the usual time of hatching ; first to put eggs in little divisions, from half an ounce to unce, which you must place upon a piece of n white p;iper. upon plates, for example ; and hose plates containing the errgfs in a place a i wanner than where you had kept them dur- the winter ; for e.xamplo, if you have an alcove place them upon the shelf within the alcove. them remain in that situation for the first five i.x days, after wliich you must prepare some e chip boxes, perfectly clean and neat, seven es lo ig, four inches broad, and four inches h, and cover them on the inside with clean tc paper, into which put tlie ddTerent divisions •our eggs, having a small box 1 tr each division, i place these boxes in a basket, upon a stool or ir, at the foot of your bed ; making one of the ttrasses of your bed go underneath the basket; I cover the basket on the lop, first with some er of woollen cloth, which pin close over it, 1 above that place a bed cover above all, so as keep in the heat communicated by the mattrass the eggs ; in which situation let them remain six days longer ; after which increase the heat 14 degrees of. Reaumur's thermometer,* pre- riing that heat equal, night and day, by means a little fire in some corner of the room at a dis- ico from the bed. n the morning when you got up, put a heater one kind or other: for example, a tin bottle th hot water, or a foot stove, into your bed be^ ixt the sheets, and proportion that heat so as to lual the heat you give to the bed, when you lie it yourself; keeping up the same heat as near- as you can, until you go to bed again yourself the evening. Having kept them in this situation for eight or ine days, you must then put your difierent divis- ons of eggs into little pieces of old linen cloth, vhich mu.-ft be washed thoroughly clean for that lurpose, as the lee.st dirtiness in the cloth would i)rove prejudicial to the eggs ; each piece of cloth ihould be of the si. e of a foot square : turn up the snds of the piece of cloth, and tie them with a bit af thread, as near to the top or end as possible ; by means of which the eggs will lie loose, and * Or about 50 degrees of Fahrenheit. can he shook, and turned from time to lime, with- out untying the knot : replace these packets in the basket, and cover them up as before, turning and shaking tlio seed in the packets three or four limes a day, that it may receive the heat equallv On putting tlie eggs into these packets, increase the heat to I4J degrees of the thermometer, ;ind keep up that heat night and day, as equally as pos- sible ; for which purpose, have a couple of ther- momelors in your room for your direction. After the eggs have remained in the little packets for three or four days, increase the heat to 1.5 de- grees ; and in four days more, if the weather seems settled, and very promising, increase tiie heat gradually to 16 degrees, visiting and turning the eggs from time to time as before. When the eggs begin to turn white, and the mulberry trees are so far advanced as to be out of danger from cold winds, or slight degrees of frost, increase the heat gradually to 17^ degrees, or 18 degrees at most, to quicken the hatching of your e^gs, and to make the worms come out as nearly at the same time as possible. But never increase the heat to more than 18 degrees, because a greater heat never fails to push the worms too fast, and to render them red at their first coming out. When the worms are red at their first coming out it is a sign the eggs have either been bad, or ill kept over winter, or overheated ; that is, too much forced when laid to hatch. Worms of this colour are good for nothing, and are therefore to be thrown away, to avoid the expense of feed- insr them, since they will never produce cocoons. When the worms are entirely black, upon their first appearance, it is a sign of their having been perfectly well managed, which gives great hopes of success. When the eggs first begin to take a white col- our, put them into little chip boxes, and cover each box with a bit of clean white paper, pricked with many little holes in it, to allow the worms to come through, taking care to inspect and shake the egffs from time to time in the boxes, that they may have equal access to the heat ; and when the worms are ready to appear, put a few mulberry leaves upon the paper, to which the worms will readily attach themselves as they come out ; and, by means of the leaves, you can easily take out the worms as they appear, in order to put them into different little boxes, and then jrive them some of the tenderest leaves, cut into small pieces, to feed on, giving them at the rate of three meals each day. As the leaves when very young will dry so much even in an hour's time, if exposed to the open air, as to be unfit for the use of the young worms, you must put them into n clean gla-ed pot ; but take care to plnce them loose, that they may not press too much upon each other; cover the head of the pot with a wet linen cloth, and place the pot in a vault or cellar ; or, in case you hove none, into the coolest part of your house ; by which means the leaves will keep fresh and rood for two or three days ton-ether. Besides, you must take care to have always in the house at a time, a stock of leaves sufficient at least for three days' provision for your worms, to secure you in food for them during such length of time, in case of wet weath er ; ns nothing is more pernicious lo tiio worm.'i than giving them «-et leaves for their food ; for which reason be careful never to pull the leaves when wot, cither with rain or dew, except on ab- solute necessity ; and in that case you must spread them out, and turn them, from time to time, with a lonfr wooden fork, that the leaves may be per- fc'ctlv dry before yo;i give tliem'to the worms. It m;iy here be ;idded, that it is the general opinion in France that the leaves afford a moru wholesome food for the worms when they have been gathered four or five hours fresh from the tree; and more particularly so if the trees grow upon any soil other than sand or gravel; because the keeping them so long so far diminishes the over-richness of the leaf. The persons employed in pulling the leaves must be careful to have their Innds clean, and free from every strong offensive smell, such as that of garlick, onions, or tobacco, &c. ; and they ousrht to he particularly attentive not to bruise the leaves in pulling them. When your worms are first hatched, keep each dav's production separate by themselves, as it is of high consequence to have each parcel brought UD as equal as possible, that all the worms con- . tained in it may be in readiness to mount for mak- ing their cocoons at one and the same time. Af- ter sottin.tr apart separately the production of each of the first four davs, what then remains of the ep-fs to be hatched may be thrown away, as these later worms are always found to be weakly, few of thorn compl^ajt-tljf ir cocoons ; so that the at- temnt to rear them is always attended with an un- necessary waste of leaves, besides the trouble thev occasion to no purpose. When the worms are just come out, keep them in a he«t not exceeding 15 degrees ; and even then there is no occasion to cover them by putting on the heads of the boxes, as it is better for the worms to have abundance of free air. But if the weather should hanpen to prove cold, you must in that case put on the heads of the boxes at night, or cover them with a double napkin, taking care, however, not to let it touch the worms, for fear of hnrtingr them, and take ofi' the head of the box or napkin in the mornin?, when you give a feed to the worms, as early as you can, at four or five o'clock, but not later than the last. In that early «tritp the three different meals should be given to thp worms at the distance of six hours from each r>thpr. When the worms are cominsr out, they are not to be left scarce a moment, as they ought to be trnthererl from the boxes as fast as they make their apne-rnnce : and as this work goes on in the night as well as the dav, it becomes a very hard task at that time. Monsieur Marteloy, the gentlemen al- teadv mentioned, who always carefully attended to this nnrticulnr himself, generally v,'ent to bed it nine o'clqck in the evening, during this critical pprio''. and p-ot up airain at midniorht, which was o'littini' them as little as possible. But this great nttertion at this time is only requisite in large onerntions. for example, a pound of eggs, or any nupntitv above it. The stajre ought to be erected in a large room, with windows on each side of it, so as to be able 298 NKW ENGLAND KARMEU. April 13. 153 ^0 command a thorough air when necea^ iry, the walls and floor of which should be examined with the strictest attention, in order to fill up every lit- tle hole or crevice that can give access either to rats or mice, as both those animals eajerly devour the silk worms whenever they can find an oppor- tunity for that purpose. In Languedoc and Quercy they mnl;e the stage ii.'C feet, but more frequently only four feet and a half broad, so that a person, by freing- first to the | ;>no side, and afterwards to the other, may be able j with ease to reach over the whole breadth, both tor the advantage of giving the leaves to the worms, ond for clearing away their litter more '^asily. At every nine feet distance in the length of the stage, they fi.^ a post in the floor, of a lieight sufficient to support the roof, and to those posts they nail a piece of wood across the stage, whicli piece of wood serves to support tiie baskets to be hereafter mentioned, whicli rest upon the t-ross bars of wood at the two ends : so that these 'lars ought to be four inches broad, which allows wo inches for each basket to rest on, as the bas- :hIs join the one to the other at the cross bars. — The stage being four feet and a half broad, takes A-o of these baskets to fill up its breadth. They make their stage to cor.sist of as many shelves as he height will admit of, keeping them at the dis- tance of twenty inches from each other. The iowest table or shelf ought to be made six inches broader than tlie shelf immedia'oly above it, that the lowest may project three inches on each side further than the one above it ; and so in propor- 'ion with all the other tables or shelves ; the uses for making this difference of breadth in the dif- ferent shelves shall be afterwards particularly explained. It has been already observed that rats and mice ire e.\tremely destructive to the iflkworms when they can get access to them ; for which reason every precaution should be nscd to protect them ugainst such dangerous visiters. For this purpose, therefore, the following one is generally attended to. They cover the foot of each of the posts ol wood which support the stage with a piece of strong smooth paper, which is nailed to the wood with tacks, to the height of a foot above the floor; 'ly which means, when these vermin attempt to .Tiount, their feet slide upon the paper, su that ihey can get no hold. .\ hoop of glass of the same i height, made of a size proper for the wood, might, perhaps, be found to answer the purpose better, though [ was assured the paper had the full ef- I'ect for which it was intended. The ant, or pis- mire, IS also a most dangerous enemy to the silk- worms ; to guard them from which, the usual practice, where there is any danger from tliese insects, is to put a quantity of hot lime round the foot of each of the posts which support the stage, vvhich fully answers for that purpose. Cats and poultry of all kinds are likewise destructive to the worms, and must therefore al.so be guarded a- gaitiat with care. When the worms are young, they are put into wicker baskets, three feet long, and eighteen inches broad, the edges or sides of which are made from two to three inches high. They make them of that size in order to be the more portable. When the worms come to be placed upon the i-tRtre, they are put into baskets four feet and a h'llf long, and two feet three inches broad, and the sides or edges af them are from two to three inch-i PS high, and of the thickness of about three quart ersofan inch. The bottoms of the baskets aro made of planted roeds, .ifter being .split in order to make them lie flat. They are bound all the way round with a slip of wood a little more than an inch broad, and about a quarter of an inch thick, to keep them together, which is nailed down, and three cross bars of wood are nailed across the back of each basket to keep it firm. (To be continued.) SvVEET POTATOEH. W'c have hcen requested by sevdal of our friends to fitrnish directions relative to the most approved mode (if culliv.Ttiog the Sweet Potalns. The following arti- cle is copied I'roui the Boston Daily Advertiser of Or- toher 27, IR2I ; anit the signature attached to it, may jireclude the iicseFfity of our declaring that the mode of culture whieh it prescrilins may be relied on as cor- rect. Directions for Ihc preservation of the SLii's of the Sweet Potatoes, and for their cultivation.' The .S7i'7>s are nothing more than the small po- tatoes or roots last thrown ofi" hy t.he plant. They are preferred to larger ones on the several grounds of economy, of food and of room — of their being more easily preserved, and less likelv to rot in the ground alter they are planted. The writer of this, during fifteen years, never succeeded in get- ting more than one large sweet potatoe to vege- tate or grow in the open ground. The ignorance of the mode of culture has probably been the cause of their not having been raised here. The slips should be put up for preservation without bruisinf; them (or as the directions from New Jersey expressed it, they should be handled as carefully as eggs) in a dry state, iji perfectly dry sand or earth, and kept in a warm place as free as. possible from moisture. Those who wish to be perfectly assured of their success, will raise a small hot bed with, or with- out glass about the lOtli of April, on the south side of a fence, wall or building. On this, they will lay the slips or toots so close as to touch each oth'.T, so that a bed of si.\ feet square will be sufticient for a bushel of them. They should then bo covered with about an inch of earth. If the cultivator has no hot bed frames, the bed at nitrht may be covered with a mat or wi'h straw. In 10 or 14 days some of the shoots will appear above ground ; when about one half or even a third so appear, they are all to be taken up to be planted. The lightest soils are best adapted to them. As their roots almost universally strike dovvnwards.likc those of the carrot; they ".re always placed on hills raised f.bout nine inches, or about the height of a potatoe hill, after its last faithful hoeing. These hills should be four feet and a half apart in every direction. The slips, tv.o in each hill, i-no foot apart, are then put in either with the fingers, or a stick, or any instrument capable of making !i sufficient hole, and the crown or top should be within an inch or half inch of the sur face. When thus started or sprouted, it will be easy to distinguish the end which sends out roots. from that which puts forth shoots for the open air. The slips should be put in perpendicularly or nearly so, the root end downwards. They would grow without this precaution, but would bo delay- ed and injured in their growth. A little dung dug, or hoed in, will much aid their progress, un- less the land be rich. Th'-y cannot bear moist, or any rich grounds, or places, where the water stands, after showers. Thei- vines grow too uriantly in such situations, and their roots are er and more watery. The late season wai wet to enable us to raise them in the highest fection, but a majority of them were still good. After they are planted they require the treatment as the squash or pumpkin, that is, ply weeding them. In the .Jerseys, they raise;! runners from the ground when they weed t|^ so as to prevent their taking root, which the^i more readily than any plant, and which the JdL frmors think injurious to the main roots. 1| subscriber permitted nature to take its com but he should certainly make the triid auoflii veT of the New Jersey method. The products for two successive years been at the rale of 210 bushels to the acre, no greater care, nor indeed so much as that' stowed on common potatoes. They were pli this yenr early in June, and were hilled on 10th of October, which is at least 4.5 days growth, than they would have in common yi or i''the seed had arrived earlier. They will gin to be palateable and fit for table about the of vSeptember, or the 1st of October, as the si may have been hot or cold ; but the general ought not to be dug till the vi-ies are killei They will endure seven or eight successive frosts after the common potatoe stalks have bl killed. So many persons have applied for sli that it was the advice of some of them, that thl hints should be published. It is not preteni that the culture is of any agricultural iinportaiO' — it is tnerelj' an horticdtural experiment, ver pleasant to tho.-e who have a taste for such put suits — and also gratifying to those who lave thi s^ceet potatoe. They certainly can be raised hen of txcellent quality full as often as we can mil! good grapes, peaches, or even pears. JOHN LOWELL.. P. S. — They should not be gathered in by tht hoe, or even spade — they mnst be raised like !&■ car'ot by the dung fork. Thefolloivinff additional remarks are from the Mass. Agric. Journal. " THE CAROM.X.A POTATO, OR SWnCT POT.^TO This plant is not a potato, though there is a vul- gar opinion, that the common potatoe transplanted to southern regions becomes sweet, and that the sweet potato on being carried to northern dimes degenerates into the common potato. The com- mon potato is what the botanists have named a so- lanum. It is not a running plant. Its nati»n country is probably the high lands of South Amer^ ica — a cold region. It delights in cold seasong, and a moist soil, and it is a fact, that it is drier and more mealy, when raised in such soils, than in dry ones. The best potatoes known are raised in the wet, flat and almost overflown grounds of Lancanhire in England; and in Ireland, so famous for its moisture and verdure, as to have received the appellation of the Emerald Isle. It flourishes admirably in the fogs of Nova Scotia and the low- er parts of the state of Maine. The sweet potito hcs no title to be called the Carolina potato. It i& an e.xotic, or foreign plant with them. It is a na- tive of trooical rep-ions : has been gradually intro- duced northerly, like the Lima or Saba, commonly pronounced, Civet bean. The sweet potato is not- a solanum, but a convolvulus ; has all the habits of the tribe of the convolvulus ; it is a runnin" or. v.— iNo NEW ENGLAND I ARMEU. 29i* lUtW g plant. It never flowers in our country. ry hardy ; is capable ff bearing ir.oie frost e oomnion potrlo, but in wet seasons it is] anil less sweet. It nmy prove my gre;it d somewhat theoretical turn, to recoinmcn"! he culture of this vegcti ble in Mnssac'iu- ut (bnr years' experience gives nie .some o speak of it practicaUy. ■commenil its culture on the following itiiFflt. It will grow an.l succeed here under or- culture. S indly. It is very prolific, malting as good s as the common potato. I rdly. It is preferred by man, bearing inuiil- rirc three times as great with us as the ou potato. ,: !• rthly. It is prefered by n'l animals of what- : a lescription. Cows and pigs eat it greedily, i( ven dimghill fowls will attack and consume i 1 raw state. I .ill produce about 300 bushels to the acre. I 1 never failed to raise it with success. The n impediment to its culture is the difficulty of r( rving the small tubes or roots ; but as soon is known th.nt there will be a demand for , our market will be regularly supplied from Jersey, where it has been long naturnlized. n be as easily raised as cabbages. This I un- ko to affirm. J. LOWELL. /onld not be supposed to recommend this ar- cxcept for the culture of the southern and rn parts of the Sl.nte, nor even there, except cheap luxury. From the A)hany Daily Mve.rliscr. ad noticed for several years past, with great rest, tlie successful applicntions of Charcoal le workmen in our northern iron works for cwel complaints, and yet under occular de- stration, I did not dare to ha7ard the promul- on of a simple remedy to a formidable disease, aiise it was administered by unskilful men, 'n no other remedy was within their reach ; imes men are severely attacked in the night at istance from any physician. I also noticed at same time the successful application of steam, •oduced in beds, to such as were attacked with ers. The following essay on the efficacious cts of Charcoal, from the London Medical nository, No. llfi, fully confirms the practice I 1 previously witnessed. It m;iy be instrumen- to relieve the sufferings of our fellow mortals, d in this view, I think it deserves a column in ur piipcr. ' ON THE USE OF CHARCOAL, a Cathartic — in cases of obstinate Coslivoiess. Dr. Daniell has lately published some cases Hsfrative of the effects of Charcoal in cases of stinate constipation. In the first case which •curred to him, after having employed the usual eatmcnt of blcedinsr, warm bath and mercurial urges, aided by jalap, castor oil, with other .nc- Ive medicines of this kind, without success, he onceived that a favourable opportunity had oc- urred for tryinsr the efficacy of Charcoal. " I gave," he has informed us, " a table spoon- ull of it every half hour, and at the expiration of ;bout 17 hours, my patient's bowels were freely ivacuated. The discharges, which consisted hiefiV of a thick mucus, were coloured by the ;harcoa]. This medicine was then discontinued. and castor oil substituted ; the latter hon-evtr evacuating but partially, I had recourse again to the charcoal, which w-as continued until the pn- tiont recovered. My observations since have convinced me of the necessity of continuing the charcoal until the discharges are no longer mark- ed by the presence of slime or mucus, which I have foimd to abound in very considerable quan- tities, in all the cases of constipation which have fallen under my care. And I think the cxistonco of this matter in the intestines, may explain the cause of failure, not only of powerful enemata, but of cathartics, to evacuate them. Lining as it most probably does, the chief or wliole of the bowels, it protects their surface from the influencu of the medicines. " The charcoal probably exercises a ciicmical influence upon this matter. The evacuations pro- duced by the charcoal appear to be composed chiefly of this article, and the mucus or slime ii- tiniately blended. " Since this case, I iiave used the charcoal in 14 or 15 other instances, and always with com- plete success. In this disease the sufferings of the patient are usually extremely great, and I have occasionnDy, since adopting the charcoal, attempt- ed to relieve them by other cathartics which op- erate more speedily, but 1 have invariably failed, and was afterwards compelled to have recourse to tliat remedy ; sometimes however not until the third and fourth days of the disease, and always with decided advantage. Further experience has convinced mc that the most speedy, as well as the most certain relief is to be obtained from the free use of charcoal. If it does not wholly relieve it always very much mitigates the pain in six or eight hours from the period of its first ad- ministration ; and within my observation the pa- tient has always been entirely composed before thfe operation of the medicine upon the bowels. " To many, the tardy operation of this medicine may appear as a serious objection to its use. It was formerly so to me, but since I have been con- vinced of its certain efficacy, and that although it may not act upon the bowels in 24 hours, even after its first exhibition, yet that it will in one- third of the time very much relieve, if not wholly remove the pains, &c. This objection appears comparatively unimportant ; for what avail a few- hours in. the cure of a disease, if we can control the sufferings of our patient, and afterwards cer- tainly relieve him .' "In regard to the dose of this medicine, the rule which I have pursued is to give it as freely and as frequently as the stomach will allow. The quantity required is considerable. It has a happy influence in lulling the irritability of the stomach, when nothincr else which I have used would control the nausea and vomiting of the patient ; thus fulfilling the double intentron of al- leviatinff a very distressing symptom, and then removing the disease itself. I usually give from one to three table spoonsful of the chare half hour or hour : whenever the stomach becom overcharfred with the medicine, the excess is thrown off. and the stomach is again quiet. I o-ivp in lime water, milk, or water alone, the vehiclp having appeared to me'unimportant." Sleadii Hnhits. — All the Representatives of N. Hampshire in the 19th Congress, e.vcept one, have been chosen to the 20th, NEW SKMINARY. Mr Carter has chosen the village of Lancaster in the county of Worcester, for hi^ Seiuiiiury fo; the instruction of teachers for common schools.— The citizens of Shrewsbury had offered $5000 for the location of it in that town. Rut in Luncaste; a suitable building, wliich hud been recently erec- ted for an academy, was oflerod to him free ol rent, and some other inducements. Mr Carter has- purchise d aromatic particles, and consequently be veak and insipid. As coffee is possessed llont antispasmodic virtues, it is a favorite :e with the hypochondriac and the hysteric; cordintj to early observation, it is also the d most effectual remedy in spasmodic asth- team of boiled coffee has frequently been al to weak eyes ; and to such persons as habitual wine drinkers, or of a very irita- perament. — }Villirh. Sail Springs of Pcnnsi/lvania, — Salt Springs i should first nienHon, that the Persians are in the are common in various parts of the state, but the ' habit of sleeping on tin; flut roofs of thfir houses uiost productive are on the banks of tlie Conem- ! during the summer months. Day was just break- angh and Kiskiminitas, about 80 miles east of I ing, when we arrived. As the houses of the nooi Pittsburgh. The salt works are supplied with people are generally not more than eio-ht feet water by boring. The richest water is procured liigh, we had a full view of nearly the whole pop- by penetratinir from 4 to .500 feet. Copper tubes ulation in bed ; many were asleep ; some few had are inserted in the perforation, in which tlie water awoke ; others were getting out of bed, to make rises. The salt manufactured nt Kiskiminitas i their morning toilettes. The scene was hiehly and Conemaugh has some years amounted to 300, entertaining, and brought to mind t.he story of Le 000 bushels ; it is sold from 'M to 25 cents per Diable Boiteaux. unroofinu the houses for the bushel, The expense of manufacturing is only gratillcation of Don ("leofas. Kennel's Journey 10 cents. Considerable salt is made near Pitts- from India to England. burgh from a fountain procured by boring 270 feet. I Boring for fresh ji/atrr. — A pamphlet has been I -/In improved method of?nakin!c the Coffee Bever recently published in New Jersey, on tlie art of ' "■2'^— To an ounce of coffee add a common tea boring the earth for a spontaneous flow of water, spoonful of the best flour of mustard seed, previ- in which the author maintains that fresh water °'^s t" '■^e boiling. To those unacquainted with may be obtained by boring in every place, and i '•''^ method, it is inconceivable how much it im- tliat water will rise to the surface, above the level proves the fragrancy, fineness, transparency, and of its fountain, being propelled by aerial agents, gratefully quick flavor of the beverage, and prob From the Hampshire Gazelle. ES ABRIDGED FRO:>I SILLIMAN's " JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS." region in Pennsiih^anin. — The anthracite, ' coal region of Pennsylvania is located in taiuous country between the Blue Ridge Susquehanna. The most inexhaustible e in the vicinity of Mauch Chunk, a village Lehigh, 35 rniles from Easton on the Dela- nd 108 by water from Philadelphia. The excavated on the flat summit of a mountain es 1500 feet above the ocean. The excava- '''"' feet, but Mr Levi Disbrow first formed the acting under pressure in the earth. In the west- ern states salt water is brought above the surface by boring to the depth of 400, 500, 700 and even ably too it adds Recipe Book. to its whoksomeness — Famili, from 30 to 40 feet in depth and no termina- ihe coal bed has been found. From this 1835 about 750,000 bushels of coal were Philadelphia and in 182() about a million of :. The coal is carried from the bed to Chunk on waggons, and is then conveyed he Lehigh and Delaware in flat bottomed The expense of raising and sending the market is only two dollars the ton of 28 ; ^about 7 cents per bushel^ and will be illy lessened by the construction of canals ilways. The village of Mauch Chunk is d in a deep ravine, surrounded by rocky lins. It contains 120 buildings owned by high Company, including a hotel, store, es, mills, &c. The corrpany emj>loy project of bringing fresh water above the surface The first lock of the Pennsylvania Canal Wdn founded with masonio ceremonies on the 13th. It in New .Jersey in 1823. The pamphlet gives manv '^/=«'>ed the Penn Lock. The fraternity descend- facts relating to Mr Disbrow's operations. At '" '"'" ""^ ?"■ "^"^ ^"'' ^^"^ foundation, and placed Brunswick, N. J. a well was bored to the depth of ", ''""'f ""''/'" "'° ^^°"''' containing the canal law, 175 feet and a tube inserted. The water rose to ""^ °"^^^ °^ procession, and a long inscription on the surface, and for 2J years has discharged ij^ ; Parchment. ^ gallons a minute at three feet above the ground. { It is in contemplation to establish a steam boat The cost was $425. At another place the auger line between this city and Boston. The communi- wassunk to the depth of 304 feet, where it struck cation then might be regular in about thirty a vein of water, which immediately overflowed at Ijours. JV. Y. Adv. the top, and was discharging 2 gallons a minute | — ■ . in November last. This well is tubed to the | The nominal (t«&nni of failures in tne province depth of 194 feet with a copper tube U inches in of Lower Canada, within fifteen oi- eighteen months diameter. Another well v.-.is bored to the depth of 176 feet ; the water rose to the surface where it discharges 2 gallons a minute ; cost .$440. In 5l!0 men. No tippling hoiipps are allowed, 'Jersey city, opposite New York, a perforation was drunkards are dismissed. The company I made 208 feet in depth ; the water ran over the n iron furnace in operation v.-hich produces I '•op of the tube, but the boring was continued. In 500 pounds of castings. The ore is procured | Albany the auger was sunk 260 feet, snd the wa- 3S below, and is exchanged at the furnace i ^er is witliin four feet of the surface. Another | ^'00,000. 70!i,000 tons of shipping wore export same weight of coal. | well in Albany was bored 37 feet, when the auger j ed from the North American colonies in 1835; t to Mauch Chunk, Pottsville, the head of] struck a vein of water which instnntly overflowed j which is more than was built in Great Britain in past, is about one million. The business done in some kinds of arlicles has decreased; in ashes, 13,000 barrels less than the average of several preceding years; in flour, 10,000. The export of ships was 17,000 tons ; about 5000 tons less than the preceding year. This branch of business will probably fall off the coming season in value, about hOylkill canal, is the principal source of the of anthracite coal. Many lar:.'e veins are d near that village The coal is conveyed the Schuylkill to Philadelphia, a distance miles. The whole expense from the mines ladelphia. is from 4 to §4,50 per ton of 28 he northeastern part of Pennsyh-ania, there tensive coal beds, the most considerable of ire the property of the Hudson and Dola- Canal and Co:il Company, The coal of this uill be conveyed to New York, a distance miles, by a canal now constructing. This begins near Kingstim on the Hudson, and to the Delaware 67 miles ; thence up the at the surface at the rate of 5 gallons a minute. — j the two years, 1823 and 1824. This business was In the city of New York a hole was bored and i suddenly discouraged, which would have produc- tubed 96 feet; in this t!ie water stands at four'ed incalculable distress, but for the v.aste lands feet from the top. In the Newark Meadows, [salt i a"d public works, which furnish the poor with em- marsh,] bored 804 feet; excellent soft water is ' p'oyment. within three feet of the surface. Many more sini- ilar facts mi<;ht be cited. Mivigation of the Schunlkill. — Attempts have In France, the grapes most valued for wine are small and of a harsh flavour. The oldest vines produce the best. The finest Burgundy is made l,oc„ „ J • • .1 ■ ^- r , prouuce uie uesi. i ne nnesi ourgunuy is maue been made to improve the naviu-ation of the ■ • , , ■ l , , , ■sr-Kn,,!!,;!! J, . J II, , ■., u . '" '"^ vinevard whore no vines have been p anted bcnuylkill by dams and short cnnals — with what ■ ^ . ■ f ^ .,, , in two centurie:!. success the following extract will show ; "The navigation of the Scluiylkill haa been Lov" of Knowledge. — As a striking instance of much interrupted by droughts the past season, irresistible thirst for knowledge, it is related of the and frequent repairs required. Boats have often late filiss Bender, whose death in Kngland was grounded in the shallow water of dams. It wilL lately announced, that when young, fo'r want of i-are 20 miles and up the valley of the Lacka- | probably be found advisable tn concentrate the ica- book's, it was her common practice to plant herself to the coal region. ter in a canal, for most of the distance. Fevers, j at the window of the only bookseller's shop in the Uimenous Coal is abundant in the western so generally prevalent within a few years in the j country town where she resided, to read the open " Pennsylvania. It is found on the Conem- ^aH'^y of the Schuylkill, have been attributed by i pages of the new publications there displayed, and Alleghany, Monongahela, and in numerous some to water stagnating in the dams." places. Iron ore occurs in various parts of) — ■ :ate, but it|,is most abundant in the counties I ^'^'^ J^'ame. — In the Gettysburg Centinel is an sntre and Huntington. Centre county bar- ! advertisement signed by Jacob StevthcbakeT. to return again, day after day, to examine whether by good fortune, a fresh leaf of any of theijj might have been turned over. 305i NEW ENGLAND FARMER. April la, 18 NEW ENGLAND FARMER 30STON, FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 1S17. FENCES, PASTURES, &c. Give your fences a geiicnil review, repair all breaches, and see that all grates, bars, &c. are fegularly shut and fastened. Cattle newly let out from the yard and stables in which they have been wintered, are very apt to wander ; and if they get i a habit of rambling, it is very difficult to confine i them. Send your hoys with bats, mallets, or other proper iinplements, over your mowing grounds and : pastures, to beat to pieces and spread over the , surface of the soil each and every lump of manure, which your cattle have dropped the last season Do not let your cattle, on any account, lun upon your mowing; ground in the spring ; for the mis- j chief they will do by poaching the ground, and; biting the young grass loo close, will he ten-fold j more than the advantage tliey will derive from the seed. It is likewise injurious to pastures to turn cattle into them too early in the spring ; and most [ iiurlful to those pastures in wliich the grass springs [ earliest, as in those which are low and moist. The • cattle cut up the sward with their feet, so that it! will produce a less quantity of grass. Dr Deane observed that " the 20tli of May is early enough '■ to turn cattle into almost any of our pastures. Out; of some they should be kept later. T!ie driest \ pastures should be used first, though in them the grass is shortest, that the patching of tlie ground in the wettest may be prevented. Loudon eays " the time of slocking pastures in spring, must evidently be earlier or later, accord- ing to the climate, and in the same climate ac- cording to the season ; and the state of growth which it is desirable that the grass should attain before being stocked, must, in some degree be de- termined by the condition and description of the animals to be employed in consuming it : whether they are only in a growing state or approaching to fatness ; whether milch cows or sheep, or a mi.xture of animals of different species. It conveys no very precise idea respecting these points, though the remark itself is just, to say that the herbage should not be allowed to rise so high as to permit the coarser plants to ran to seed ; and that it is bad management to suffer store stock to be turned upon a full bite. The great objects to be aimed at are, that the stock, of whatever ani- mals it may consist, should be carried forward faster or slower, according to the purposes of their owner ; and that no part of the herbage should be allowed to run to waste, or be unprofitably consu mrd. Bat nothing but careful inspection of the land and of the stock, from time to time, can ena- ble any gra7ior to judge with certainty what are the best measures for attaining these objects. — '' Fattening cattle," says Marshall, " which are forward in flesh, and'are intended to be finished with grass, may require a full bite at first turning out. But for cows, working oxen, and rearing cat- tle, and lean cattle intended to be fatted on grass, a full bite at fir.st turning out is not requisite. With respect to the size of enclosures, small fields are much ;o be preferred to large ones for heavy stock. Resides the advantages of shelter hot!) to the animals and the herbage, small fields enable Iho gra.ier either to separate his stock into sn.all parcels, by which means they feed more at their ease, or to give the best pastures to that por fion of thnin wliich ho wishes to come earliest to market, 'i'lie advantages of moderate sized enclo- sures are well known in the best grazing counties : but the subdivisions are in some instances much mors minute than is consistent with the -alue of the ground occupied with fences, or necessary for the improvement of the stock. In all cases, says Marshall, where fatting cattle oi dairy cows make a part of the stock, and where situation, soil and water will permit, every sort of grazing grounds ought, in my idea, to consist of three compart- ments. One fir head stock, (as cows or fatting cattle) one for followers (as rearing and other lean stock,) and the third to be shut up to freshen for the leading stock. Large enclosures are in general best adapted for stieep. These animals are not only impatient of heat, and liable to be much injured by flies, in small pastures often surrounded by trees and high hedges, but they are naturally wilh the exception perhaps of the Leicester variety, much more rest less and easily disturbed than the other species of live stock, 'Sheep" says Lord Kaimes, "love a wider range and ought to have it, because Ihey de- light io short grass : give them eighty or ninety acres, and any fence will keep them in : confine them to a field of seven or eight acres, and it must be a very strong fence thot keeps ihem in." — Though fields so large as eighty or ninety acres can be adviseable only in hilly districts, yet the general rule is consistent with experience, with regard to all our least domtsticaled varieties. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DESTRUCTION OF ELMS. Sir — ;Four years last fall I lost a young clui tree, under circumstances novel to me. Some time in September the highest top branches began to wither, the leaves appearing to dry up and roll. The disease continued rapidly downward, and in about six weeks the tree had completely perished. Some time after I had it cut down, the bark was dead, and I found between it and the sap-wood a vast number of worms about half an inch long, which had committed great depredations there. Last fall I had another tree attacked suddenly, under the same circumstances. It was about the lime that you published the interesting investiga- tions of your able correspondents respecting the diseased pear trees. Being fully alive upon the subject, and suspecting that there might be some 'similarity of causes, I had the upper branches im- ' mediately cut off. This however did not save the tree ; it perished, and, as in the first instance, I I have found the bark fully stocked witii worms. ' As the investigation of this matter may be of some interest, I beg leave to submit to your inspec- tion a short piece of the upper part of the butt, which you will receive herewith, and find, I expect, some live inhabitants under the bark. I wisli par- ticularly to observe to you, that the butt from the ground, as fnr up as the brush could conveniently , reach, had been dressed with Forsyth's composi- , lion. This I found free from any worms. On one side the bark was partially affected with the mor- tification wliich had proceeded from above, the other side was sound and green as liff. This seems to suhstantiatc the opinion, expressed be ! fore, that said composition, or any other similar to it, will effectually protect trees, so far as it is laid, (against the attacks of the borer and other insects [which feed on wood, the roughness of the conipo- isition preventing the female beetle from inserting her seed into the bark. In searching for some information on th^ ject, I have met in the continuation to the ij history of Buffon, by several French natui and compiled by Sonnini, edition of Dufol LXXVII. page I'Jl, with an interesting arti the family of the ScoHiari. It contains fi considerable moment to all interested in sj ture, and an abstract of the same may not b< out some usefulness ; here foUoivs the trans "Of all the insects which have been des until our day, the Scoliti, notwitlistanJing til niinutive size, appears to bo among tho33' devastations are most tobedreaded ; there ai haps few trees that are not attacked by sui culiar species belonging to that family ; a tentimes several species of them are fo work upon the same tree. Who would thiifl this miserable insect is capable of dcHroyM together the finest forest of pines I since tiflj : old he has been known and dreaded in Geaj where in very hot seasons favorable fur la| crease, swarms of them, when perfected ixM beetle state, ate seen flying from one part (■ forest to another, even at the distance otM ! miles ; as many as 8000 of the worms htivM I found under the bark of one of the largest ■ the trees whose lender inner hark is devouiB these worms soon show their diseased situaH J the yellowness of their leaves, and they graj land rapidly perish, beginning by the high* 'branches. M < There are hut f«w large forests in Gem which have not been attacked by that insea the dread tliereof is so great, that it is consw as a public calamity, and as such we find ii [ancient Lilhurgy prayer.i for preservation aj ihis inroads, as also against those of tlie 1 Towards the close of the 18th century a siou of hot, dry, summers favored their ini to such an alarming degree that the inhabi' of the Hartz were threatened with the entire Iruclion of their forests, and the impossib: continue the working of their mines ; in J calculated the number of trees destroyed, million and a half; cold wet seasons check' progress, but it is of t!ic greatest importance ' down and hark carffuHij, or to destroy hy Jii mediately, every tree which is attacked. Sevc. ought also to be laid by law against killing peckers, which Providence seems to have intt. as a check to the ovcrivhelming progresi of plague ; these facts deserve to be known bj our great landhohlers. but more especially bj general surveyorrt of the forests, who xsmild that causes which at first do not appear to i mand attention, may through negligence bee fatal to the national interests." So far is the translation. The article is by F Latreville, a distinguished naturalist of tli." Fn school, and part of it is a citation made hv Iiii Wilhehn, a German author, who appears to I been an eye witness to the devastation df t!ic ( man forests. I shall take my leave of y(i:i. sii expressing it, as my belief, that the dpitrnrtio the pear trees is the effect of insect aL-jn ss iti some cases, no doubt, assisted by a i pi state of the sap. For where the flow of l,le I pens to be languiil, there the enemy ai;l fis first choice for the work of destruction. Tins find to be nature's law, both in the aiinrml the veL'Ctable s''stems. Wiien I lost the elm trees, both seasons I been extremely hot and dry, and the learesj NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 308 ectcj witii the lioney liew. I wish that stry of tjic woo'lpcckors, the hard life , ami the adv!\nt;ig-cs which \vc receive m, miijht be thought worthy of extending some Icge.slativc protection. An act to ct would make their services more gencr- wn and better appreciated. With miicli esteem, yours, &.c. n,.1pi it }\, 18-27. J. M. G. —The last elm destroyed was about 10 iameter close to the ground, and about 20 BRIGHTON MARKET, April 0. ber of Cattle 400, including 57 unsold last I'\trthcr supply of Sttds. Jiiit reciived :i. ' , land having alt,-reil his minH, offers for =ale to nerion^ A few pounds of the celebrated Altringham , ,,i,:„^ r,«i m.„„. „,.„„, ,.j r . .-/.r 1'*^™"- r. .,.,.„. c 1 Ti • 1 ■ • 11 .- Ai ''="*'"= S" ''«^" "r upwards a discount 01 i!5 per cent on _^_ __ t.irrot Seed 7 his seed was oriTinally Irom Al- ! former prices The trees are htalthy, the apples two 94 remained unsold : sales from i '25 to j ''''"^''^■"- ^'leshire, England. It has been raised ; years from the bud or graft.— and ch. rries, plums, ap- ra„e none sold ovor . ^, nr » <• .1 L 1 . • J • r, . ia//gi-fa/fr adrnn/nge of being engrafted from bear n"- in Boston. Most of them have been tried in Pots i,,,, „.,,„,,. accuracy has been tested ; they therefore d Travdling. The steam boat Nev«-Phila- ajrived at New Y'ork ou Sunday evening. ce hours from Albany, with -'"0 passengers. ISiipreme Court has overrnlcd all the objec- <> the indictment under the law prohibiting of lottery tickets in this commonwealth. f for Governor. In 177 towns Gov. Lincoln nil, Mr Jarvis 0131, Mr Otis and others and Hot Beds. The publisher of the Farmer has made arrange- ments for supplying any quantity of the Black Currant bushes and Buclttl.nrn quicks for hedges, by leaving their orders at this oiSce. olicit with the fullest, confidence the patronage of the public. " 'V; ■ The Trees, Shrubs, kc. are in the most thrifty and healthy slate — the correctness of every sale by them is gusranteed — and the snme attention observed in the __^ selection as if the purchasers were present. Just received and for sale at the Farmer office, p '^"^."' ^'"^ V°^''^'!f,'',''>' ."j*^ -^"f'^ciiber, .Agent for the , . (. ' Iroprietors, who will furnish catalogues on application M23.6t HENRY L. BILLING.^, 18 India Wharf a few copies of Deane's New England Farmer, Lorain's Husbandry, — and the Parmer's Assistant, Bellfounder. An Imported Bull for Sale. A full blond bull of the North Devon breed, will be 5 irs old in May n.-xt, will he sold at a reasonable rate last number of the Edinburgh Review con- rticles on the following subjects : re's Life of Sheridan — Emigration — Coun- r prisoners— Hieroglyphics — Pulpit EIo- ; Duties on Brandy and Geneva ; West Slavery; Difi'usion of knowledge; Poitu- Note to- the Article on Phrenology ; Q,uar- ist of New Publications. and one The Norfolk trotter, imported July 1822 from England, "'' ''t on shares lor one or two years to any porson who ' ' ' ' may he well recommended. He is a superior animal dark red — ns this breed always is — therefore easily cattle; being the most active in ilso excellent for beef and milk. He is now at .^andwich, N. H. and may be had the 1st of May A letter to the subscriber Crost paid) will be to s'and this season, 1827, at twenty dollar dnllarthe groom— the money to be paid to tl ^ THIS celebrated horse is a bright Rav. with black matched for workin, legs, standing 15 hands high ; his superior blood, sym- Enjlanil for labour- metry, and action excel ejery other trotting Stallion He is allowed by the best Judges in Norfolk to he the fastest and bfst bred Horse ever sent out of that Coun- attended to. JOHN ITtlNCE. ty. He has proved himself a «ure foal getter, and his Stock for size and substance are not to be surpassed ; they are selling at the highest prices of any Horses in Norfolk. Bellfounder was got by that well known fast and high formed Trotter, Old Bellfounder, out of Velocity, which trotted on the Norwich road in 1806 Sixteen Roxbury, Mass. 20 March 1827. J. if A. Pales' Patent Hoes, Constantly for sale by French & Weld, 3i & 32 South Market sirect, side agents for vending the same. .April 13. overseers of the poor in Plymouth, it ap that the expenses of the Alms-house for the ear amounted to $2479, and the receipts ' ances again.-t time he produce of the labour of paupers, to $25- ! Bellfounder at fi ving an excess of credits over expencea of The average number of persons supported Alms house during the year was :?7.i. The ises of paupers, in and out of the .Almshouse, nted to .$.T21l), making a net charge for the rt of the poor, after deducting the produce of Ims-house, only $.35(3. THE ADMIRAL. 'Ihe Subscriber i»forms those who are desirous of improving by this fine imported an- imal, that he will be kept on the farm of John Welles, 1808 she trotted Iwmlii-eight miles in one hour and 47 1 sq. Dorchester, near the Ufv. Dr Codman's meetin"-- 'nufes, and has also done many other great perform- j House, till further notice. Terms three dollars. " Apply to A. GREENWOOD on ssid inrm. mouth Alms House. From the annual report ""'''' '" """ '^''"''' ^°'' '*"'' ^^"^ broke 15 times into a ■ - - ' "Mop, and as o/ltn lurnfd round won her match. In years old trotted Ttco mihs in Sit minutes and in the following year was matched for 200 guineas to trot JVint mtlrs in Ttiirly mintihs. which b won easili/ bv Twenty-two seconds. His Owner shortly after chatlensed to perform niiirs and a half in one hour. 6u/ it was nol accepted. He has since -ever b en saddled or matched. Old Bellfounder was a true descendant from the or: lamffim Feb. 16. For a A*»;-Sfn/. From five to fifteen acres of land a short dist ^nre froo ith him Sei'fn/efTj I (he city, having water communication and all Ihe va rious soils and sites requisite for an extensive : ery. A person of skill and experience who has some proper- ty and is desirous of commencing the business on shares nal blood of the Fireaways, which breed of Horses or other mode, may consult the owner and view the I ground — Inquire at the Farmer office. March 23 304 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. April 13, it IMZZSGEI.Z.AK'ZS yir John Pniiglo, in one of his works, mentions 1 is applied to the wounded animal tibre th I his having cured a soldier by the daily use of the | attended with fatal or even troublesome ,' The following note was found among the papers | ^^^ ^^^^ 'j^.j^j^ watcx; whicli in former days stood | quences. The flesh of venomous snakes of the late Lord Ersicine : | where now stands the Betiilehem Hospital, Lon- 1 eaten by savage nations. Another obje'i To Gtnernl ffashinglon. ' don, and was celebrated for meiUcinal spa, as well \ the story is, that it is an old one. The publ: SiB : I have taken the liberty to introduce your as being a public house of great resort. A French j frightened with it in the newspapers sever august ond immortal name in a short sentence, physician, who translated this passage of Sir aeo. — Ev. Post which is to be found in tlie book I send to you. John's, said, that " the cure was effected by ad I have a large acquaintance among the most ministering an excellent 6roW<, ?Ma(/c /)/ Dog and \ valuable and exalted classes of men, but you are Buck. the only human being, for wliom I ever felt au ; awful reverence. i ^'"'^ "f Seduclion. — A case of seduction was I sincerely prny God to grant a long and serene '-"cd in the Court of Common Ple.is of this city, ia evening to a life so gloriously devoted to the ^ "h'=h Miss Wilhelmina Cooper recovered a ver- universalhappinessof the world. j diet for the sum of six hundred dollars, against T. ERSKINE. \^s^ betrayer fliaster Julian Rutan, an infant, aged I 19. The counsel for the defendant made an earn- JAMES BLOODGOOD & Co's V'Tsery al Fivsliing, on Long Island, ne«( York. IN helialf of (he proprietors nf Ih iuii=ery, the subscriber solicits the ( liorticulturists who may be desirous I iuj tni ir gardens and fields with fruit trees of ( sorts and most healthy and vigorous stocks th«i autumn. Bloodgood !• Co atfpnd ptrsonalhj lo tlte Miseries of IVealth. — It is to have a subscription ggt appeal in behalf of his client, for a mitigation and en;;rnflmg of nV Iheir fruit trees, and purl] paper handed you every hour in the day, and be of damages, on account of his tender years. But may rely with confideuce that tlie trees thoy oi called a niggard if you refuse your name. It is to Mr Price insisted that though an infant, he was vrove genuine , , , eat turkey and drink wine at a dearer rate than old enough to be the father of an infant, and ; ^^i^^|;'=j;;^^;";^;'^;=;"';;!^„';[/^''^^^ your neighbours. It is to ha"c every college, in- should therefore bo made to smart for his juvenile ^ '^ ' ' " FRUIT AND FUliE.ST TREES, firmary, and asylum make a run upon the bank of perfidy. [N. Y. paper.] FLOWERING SHRUBS, ' your benevolence, and then wonder at the small- • axd ness of the dividend. It is to have sectarians con- ; Philology. — A member of our present Congress, > PLANTS, tend for the keeping of your conscience, and law- ' spells wife Yf; if the orators of this great body ' *"'' I'"' ♦'■<=2' '«''" ^'^ delivered in (his city atj yers struggle for tlie keeping of your purse. It is would be as short, in proportion with their speech- ^ud^^xpense of the Purchaser ; the bills may J to be remembered from Seguin to Talbot Island, cs, as he is with his wife, we should be duly. The reputation of this nursery is so extensivelyj whenever a loan or dinner is wanted. It is to be thankful. — JV". Y. paper. \ ^^A has been so well sustained that 1 lake leavl taxed for more than you are worth, and never be believed when you say so. It is to have Addition of dollars. Subtraction of comforts, and Multipli- cation of anxieties, end in Division among spend- thrift heirs. It is to l):.ve the interest of every one about you exceed their principle. It is l"«r those in want of trees to any of the Ho ticafl Frcncn Jluilmrs — Piron's tragedy of Gustavus | in this city and its vicinity, and if ocular demmisl was vehemently liissod and driven from the stage, ; '- desired, I invite (hose who wi'h (o be thus wliich induced Voltaire to triumph at his failure. , '" '^^a'»'ie the trees in my srarden at Uorchesj rrit 1 ,, -i n , J 1 ■ r7 ■ , cured frooi this nursery for three or four yeal llie latter wit soon after produced his Zaire, and on meetinjr Piron exclaimed, " Well, you see I some of which are now in hearinj;, all in a 1 is;-ornU5 s(a(e. Caliilogues will be delivered grads on ) ZEB. COOR Rogpers' Building — Congress SQ make up to the mercliant all the profits he loses escaped without a single hiss." " True," replied by knavery or frugality. It is never to ho allowed ^ ^'"'°"'.'^'^^» audience cannot hiss and yawn to- to be upon oa.sy terms, even with a coat or a shoe, j ff^'^hEr. It is to be married for your money, or have a wife ' Compliment to jYew England Talent— The pub- \ Ortniwental a,id Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plak always casting up the sum total of the dollars she ynhets of the Philadelphia Album have awarded! at "^ ^' ^^'^^RETH. brought. It is to have your son's steps surrounded ti,,ee gold medals, one valued at $-30, to N. P. ■i-'ursery, i>etasr,xm, ana^l^l^r^^^s^,^ by " mantraps," and your daughter made a target wiUis, Esq. of Yale College for a poem, " Confes- 1 HAVE constanlly on hand for sale, a very eS for the speculating and selfish to uim at. It is to gjon of a student ;" and two valued at S20, to Miss ' collection of Fruit Trees,Hardy Ornamental Tri measure friendship by t!ie length of your pur^e, to L.M.Francis of Watertown Mass. for an Essay Shrubs. Green House Plants, Bulbous Roots, ( buy flattery and sell happiness. It is to have debt- ..on the cultivation of FemalV Intellect";" and to ''"'"'' "'" ''" ""'-'"■"'''•'"'" —.:";'-•»•' Seeds. &c. &c. not exceeded by any sii ment in the United States. ors smile upon yon, and knaves shake you by the jjiHon Ward, Esq of Hanover, N. H. for a poem, ; Orders received by Messrs. PARKER & CO hand. It IS to have a dyspeptic wife, and pale .. Midnight." ! No. 9 Congress-square, near the Exchange ', House, E-^s(on, of whoai priced Cataloguesi Learned Insensibility. — While the learned Fran- ' whole may be had gratis. (f. Deo children. It is to have sons go to college to buy themes of wiser heads, and daughters' brains turned by the flattery of fools. It is to be invited cis Morell was busy in preparing his edition of ] TO FARMERS To Ut, a farm containing . to drink poor wine, that you may give better in Libanius for the press, he was told that his wife of land, a large and comfortable house, barn. & return. It is to have your lady's peace disturbed was suddenly taken ill. — " I have but tv.-o or three '^"d is of good quality, and of easy cul(iva(ion. by a higher feather or a brighter diamond. It is periods to translate," said Morell, " and then pn are on to buy green peas at nine shillings, and relish come to her." Presently, after he was informed which are just beginning to bear ; ,, tu -11 ■ . ji, , •,• ,.1 ,, , meadow, on which could be cu( them not, because your neighbor gives two dol- that she was dying, he said — " I have only two lars. It is to have relations wish you a sliort life words to write ; I'll be with her immediately." and a long will. It is to have your widow mourn Presently they brought him word that she was bitterly — provided iier fortune depends on per- dead — with great calmness he said, " I am very petual widowhood. It is to have more temptations sorry, for she was really a mighty good woman." in tliis world than other men ; and lastly to find the entrance to a better more difficult than to the rest of mankind. [Mass. Journal] A horrible story is now going the rounds of the newspapers of a whole family at L'Isle Jesus pois- oned by eating soup, which had among the ingro- A man named Drake, on his way from London dients a cabbage head boiled whole, containing a to Paris, arrived at Havre with thiee rattlesnakes \-^xge sized snuke of a venomous nature. To say and several young crockodiles. On his arrival nothing of the singularity of such an ingredient in he found that one of the rattlesnakes was dead, ^ dish of soup as a cabbage head large enough to and the o:hers benumbed with the cold. After | contain a large sized snake, and loose enough for placing them near the fire, supposing one of them iijm to crawl into, the story is manifestly a hoax, to he dead, he took it up by the head and tail, when i It is a fact, which has been established by ntimer- it suddenly revived, and bit him in two places in Lus experiments, and is fainili-.r to students in the hand. He applied imme lately to a physician, | natural history, that the poison of snakes received and adopted measures to prevent the eflTects of the | j^to the stomach is harmless. It is only v.hen it poison, but he died in eight hours. place a varie(y of choice young fruit ft also 10 acres of ( enough fui 1 for family, and is an excellent manure. Said farm is? ated in Cambridge, about 4 miles from Bostnn mar The (erms will be on a lease fr«m six lo (en year«. first year's rent (o he expended for manure, andjt] afterwards to be laid ou( in (lie same mannerti year. — The above olTers a desirable opportunity t» in(elligent. ihornngh and enlerprising farme r. No bu( who c-An bring recommendations as beins: snchn apply. THOMAS BREWER. 416 VVashingtons Rose Bushes S,- Grape Fines. For sale at the bouse of Samuil Downer, in Dorcl t.-r— 80 Hundred L. af Rose Bushes— 90 do. rrovii or Cnbl'sge— 10 Four Seasons do— 300 Laniaskd 30 Burgundy do — 6 Austrian do— 25 Marl. It- do- Tuscany do— 100 French do— 8 Lagersto:emla Inii or I rape Myrtle— 2(I0 Grape Vines, (wliite Sir Water)— Snow Ball Bushes— white Lillifs— red: white Lilies— 50 gallons double and single distil Rose Water, made from all damask roses. AprifC The Farmer is published every Friday, annum, if paid in adrancc. . NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Published by John B. Rcssf.li tt No. 53 North Market Street, (opposite Panucil llall). — Thomas G. Fesse.mjen, Editor. OL. V. BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, APRIL 20, 1827. No. 39. AGIliCULTURE. ON THE CULTURE OP SILK. Coiilinued from page 208. illi respect to the sta;;cs, all lliose I have ppear to me to he rather too broad to admit uplo working "ith that u:ise which is requi- I should therefore incline to tliink, that iii of one broad stage in a room, of six feet, eu four feet and a half, vvhich I Iiavc observ bo the narrowest in use in Fr.mce, it would -r llie purpose batter to make two stages of feet broad each, with a passage betwixt i of three feet broad, and a like passage uf | feit upon each side of the room next tlie ! ; tiigether with another passage of the like | nsions at each end of the stages, by which IS all your people could go about and work ' rase, without incommoding each other, and, i 2d, without being hampered in any shape | ever. Besides, the stages being only three | bro;id, must be a great advantage at the time | ounling, (ofvviiich afterwards,) because in' case tlie heat of the cabins in which the \ ns make their cocoons cannot be so great as be the case when the stages arc six or four I and a half broad, as the fresh air must have j h more easy access to pass through them; a' imstance of the highest importance, parlicu- 1 at the time of mounting, as the weather, the advance of the .reason, must tlieii^j Itly hotter, than at any other preceding time Dg tlie whole course of the cultivation. Dtb in Languedoc and Quercy I have seen' ;ets used nine feet in length, and four feet a half broad, which exactly filled up one di- in of a shelf of the stage. But I could not by means approve of baskets of that size, as they 1 'ared to me to be extremely cumbersome and I ieMy ; besides tliat, from their great length, the necessary slightness of the materials, they 3 very apt to ply and bend down in the middle, for that reason were, in my opinion, to be ded. In short, I regarded them as being itly inferior to the smaller baskets above men- ed, as to real use and convenience, is proper to observe, that cnre should be tak- 0 |)!:i<:e the stage in such a position as not to w the sun to dart directly upon the worms, as y are not able to bear the heat of it in this ncr when it is great. It will even kill them, cially when tliey are young; and if it should ro tl'.at length in a colder cliniate than in the th of France, it will, notwithstanding, have the ct to torment them, and render them very un- it, and prevent tl.cm from eating with their al appetite. If the sun darts upon them when are large, yon will see them fly from it as as they can, and seek for sh( t ■■ in the shade. ;n at the expense of the warn of their food. — hen young they are not able to get out of the y, and by that means are often killed by it, as )ve mentioned, n place of the wicker baskets already descrlb- 1 observed a very simple and good contrivance f" ctised at Montauban, in Quercy. They take a it with packthread or twine, niter whifh tlicy bind across the bottom eight or nine rows of reeds, both ways, by which means tlic hotloiij is thrown into little sipiaros, tying the reeds not only to the sides of the hoop, but fixing them also in all the diifcrout places whcro the reeds come in contact with one another. This forms a sort of basket, which is extremely light ami handy ; and besides, as the reeds stand at a good distance from each other, it gives much more air to the worms, which is a great advantage. After making their baskets, in this manner, they cover them with strong grey paper (the strongest paper is t!ie best), and so place their worms upon tliem. This sort of basket I tried while I resided at Montauban, and found them lighter and more handy than those before described ; however, it must be owned, that from j their figure they do not pack so easily; or in other words, take more room upon the shelves of the stage. j But to return to the treatment of the norms upon their being nev.dy hatched : it is proper to observe that too many leaves should not be given to them at one time, and that the leaves given sliould be spread very thin ; because, if too tliick put on, a great number of the worms, as they are then so small, will run the risk of being lost a- uioiigst the litter, from which they will not be able to disengage themselves ; and you must be care- ful to cut the leaves small during the first ten or twelve days, where the number of your worms is iiich as to admit of yi>ur doing so ; hut if your quantity of worms is large, it would require too much work to cut the leaves for them, so that in such cases you must give them entire. When the wojms are in their first age you need only clear away the litter once, because their or- dure at that time dries as fast as they make it, being in small quantity. When the litter is to be taken away for the first time, you have only to turn the parcel upside down and so pull off such a quantity of the litter as you find necessary, which is the most expeditious way of cleaning them at that time. In giving the leaves to the young worms, you must make the leaves lie hollow upon them, to give air to the worms. When put on too flat and close, they prevent that free circulation of the air which is al all times necessary for the healtli of these insects. During the whole of the first age, the leaves of the young plants of the mulberry, in the seed bed and nursery, as being the tenderest, are greatly preferable to the leaves of older trees as food for the young worms ; for which reason it becomes of importance to have always a succession of young plants coining on yearly in your nursery grounds When the silk-worms enter upon their sickness, they abstain from that moment from all manner of food. As soon, therefore, as you observe some worms of a parcel begin to grow sick, in place of three give them only two meals a day ; when more of them sicken, confine them to one meal only ; and from the time you observe most of them sick you must give them no more food, till the j whole parcel, or at least the far greatest part of them, get over their sickness, (by having cast off] I heir old skin), that you may carry them all equal ly on ; at least as nearly so as possible ivhicli saves a vast deal of trouble in the management. When the silk-worm gets over his lirst age or sickness he is of a greyish colour, and his little trunk, or point of his head, is of a jet black colour, by which he is then distinguished. When bo gets over his second sickness that little' trunk is of a brown colour. When he gets over his third sickness his head is remarkably large, which is the distinguishing mark at that time. And when he gets over his fourth sickness Jio is of a-brownish yellow, or deep buffcolour. You must nut clear away the litter from the v.orms while they are about changing their skin, or what is called their sickness ; but as soon as they have got clear of their old skin then you are to remove all litter. During the second age it is advisable still to continue to feed your worms with the leaves from the young plants in your nursery, as these are still preferable to those of older trees for the worms at this time. You must now begin to bo attentive to clear away the litter from time to time, so as to pre- vent all danger of its heating, which proves high- ly injurious to the worm.s. These insects are re- markably fond of cleanness, which besides helps to enliven them, and gives them a keen appetite for the first leaves wliich are given to them al- wayr, !i%~ .Isaniug. The litter is taken away in the following manner. You scatter some fresli leaves upon one corner of the basket, to which the worms having attached themselves, which they will readily do, you then take up the worms by means of the leaves and stalks they cling to, leaving the litter underneath. Having thus taken up all the worms from that corner, and placed them above those adjoining to them, you then clear away the litter from that corner, and care- fully sweep together, with a little broom of twigs or heath, all the refuse and excrement, which you must remove entirely beforfc you replace the worms in their station ; and in the same manner you must proceed with the rest, till you have thoroughly cleaned the whole basket. During the third age make use of the leaves oi such trees as have been planted out in the field, but reserve the leaves of your oldest trees for the fourth age, as these last leaves are reckoned the best for the worms vvheneouie to their maturity. Be attentive to cleaning away the litter as be- fore directed which, during the third age, should be done at least four or five times ; and take care to clear away, from time to time, all dead worms the moment you observe them : and to throw aside also regularly all such worms as ap- pear to be diseased, to prevent them from infecting the rest, ft hich will happen if this article is not. pursued with the strictest attention. All the worms which you observe to grow of a yellow colour, and to have their skin shining, are strong- ly diseased, and must be immediately thrown away, for fear of infecting the sound ones. These diseased worms sometimes void a yellow liquid at the tail, and it often also bursts out at other places of their bodie». These must always be attentively 306 NEW ENGLAND I AIIMER. April M. ISari) amoved the moment they are observed; but it be- ] grrdients, and then, from their specif c li5:htness,} spring before Braddock's defeat, and have bee, comes more essentially nccessarv before the they of course ascend to the top in tlie form of planted successively every season since on ft. wi*rms enter into their third sickness, because cream. Cream is thus obtained during the cold- place. They have not been changed, and are nw, at this time they become most dangerous, by est weather in winter, in the course of about j piefcrable to what they were when first obtaindl' voidin" the yellow liquid above mentioned, which twelve hours after the milk has been taken from [ Perhaps as much good may be effected by bredM is Doisonous to the worms, and exceedinixly con- the cows. And the operation of churning such ing from the best vegetables as the best animals- " ... ^ - •-. 'I'he ; We are told bv some English agricultural writoiltoi""' IS poisonou tajrious insomuch, that every worm that hap- I cream never exceeds twenty-five minutes. . ..», , ,,^ u.,,. ..uiu ^v ^^,,,^ i^.i^non uyii^uiiuiai wiiwi.ii"- pens to touch this' liquid is sure to be infected milk pans ^remain in the hot water^ ab^out thirty | that wheat has boen^ greatly irapiwed^in quul|;|^eclM^^^ •vith the same distemper, which has hitherto been j minutes "' ' " ' ' '~'" """"" " ■"" .....u...-, .l_ found to be incunible. (To bt continued.) The butter has invari.ibly been of a i as well as quantity by taking t^he trouble befiij|t|lll« * fine flavour, and of a beautiful yellow colour ; and ; harvest to cull in the field the finest and earlig in the nature of tilings, it never can be otherwise, heads for seed. In some cases however it will| From Memoirs of the JV. Y. Board of Agricullure. I unless the dairy women shouy be utterly igno- ^ best to change the seed in order to accelerate rant of tlie art of making sweet buttor. . introduction of an improved variety; and, an UoBERT Smith, Esq. Piesident of the M.-.ryland It may not be amiss to state to you, that the such change, to be careful always to select yn Agricultural Society, on the Management 0/ skim-milk under this process, is a very pleasant seeds from the most forward and perfect plantsJ Dairy Cattle — the Distribution of their Manure, beverage. In summer and in winter, it bears the , Editor A*. E. Farnit the Advantages of Steaming Fodder — ''le ^^f'- agitation of a carriage without becoming sour. — | .jSlfe i-angementsofonenfhisFarms — and his Jl/orfc l^nj g^gry morning, throughout the year, a per of accelerating the Production of Cream by Culinary Heat. Dear Sir — You have asked me to send to you 1 statement of the arrangements of my dairy farm, Orange, two milcji from Baltimore. This I am about doing, because it is a part of my creed, that an unreserved communication of our respec- tive practices cannot fail to lead to beneficial re suits. The barn is constructed according to the best Pennsylvania models. The yard is to the south of it. On the east and west sides are cow stables, oontaining 110 well made stalls, and well vcntilat- .id by a sufficient number of windows and double doors. In these st;ibles are, in summer as well as in winter several ranges of cattle, duly littered and properly secured, each by a chain and halter. At the tails of each range of cows, there is a drain made of strong planks — and so fixed as to receive all their dung and urine. These several drains tilated. have a sufficient declivity to carry all the fluid matter to their soutliern terminations, wheie they intersect similar drains, which convey all this liquid manure into a cistern fifty feet long. The cistern is so placed and constructed, as to receive not only the urine of the stables, but also all the liquid .natter of the farm yard. In it there is a pump, by means of which its contents are pumped into a large hogsliead, fixed on a pair of wheels 'Irawn by oxen. To the end of this hogshead is attached a box pierced with holes, into which this liquid manure flows through a spigot and faucet, ind is then sprinkled over the ground as the oxen move forward. For the purpose of augmenting the nnanlity and of improving the quality of the food of my slock of every kind, I have established a steaming ap- paratus. It consists of a boiler and two wooden boxes, in which boxes, is steamed the food These boxes contain eacn eighty bushels. By this sim- ple apparatus every species of coarse vegetable ■iffal is converted into nourishing food, and all the rdinary provender is rende-ed more nutritious. In the dairies near Philadelphia, it is well known, that sweet butter of the first quality can- not be made but from cream quickly produced xiom fresh milk, and that whenever the milk re APRIL. son comes to the farm and takes from 250 to 300 ; Vour hemp and flax are all dressed ; your w, quarts for which he pays two cents per quart, I cut and housed, or piled up ; and your sL cash and on the same day he retails the whole hojsed safe for the next winter. Your orchar among the people of the town, at three cciUs per ; arc all pruned, and the brush removed and cut < (for summer's use. Your fences are in gr« ''"The hot water in wliich the milk pans are phi- j forwiirdness ; your mowing-grounds are dress ced is contained in large flat wooden vessels at- , from your barn yards, and your hemp, flax, 01 tached toastove. The water is heated by means and barley grounds, together with your sprin, be fastened to the side, and near to the rye, and wheat lands, now claim your attentii Mill' ition w j( JOB! lei in tleir Tr This is one of the most important months ofti twelve, for the farmer. Harrow down your ridga in plougii and cross-plough for your hemp, flax aJ dress aiter the first ploughing wifl of " flat tub bottom of each vessel, and introduced through an aperture into the stove. The heat of the stove af- fords the additional advantage of preserving the dairy house, the requisite temperature during jbarl^ the winter season. P^'^" '^°"^'^ manure from your stables, barn-yarl The dairy house is a stone building, consisting | or' hog-pens, at the rate of 10, 15, or 20 loads | of three spacious apartments for the preservation } the acre, according to circumstances, and soi of the milk, the cream, and the butter, and for the, from 2 to 3 bushels to the acre, of each, and ha^ makino- of the butter. Two of these apartments row in the seed, not upon the furrows, this wil are uirder o-round and arched, and properly vcn- j hury yojjr.seed too deep ; but upon a surface mad|. tilated To the south side is attached a conveni- , smootlT and even with a harrow. Your land eannot ent shed, with the requisite shelves, and with a be pulverized too much witli the harrow after yout copper boiler for the washin;; and keeping in ; seed is sown. ^ood and sweet condition all the dairy utensils.— I ^o"'' "'heat 2 bushels, and rye IJ bushels to In the front is a penthouse. j t^e acre will do best ; when dressed with plaster, When I betran, I really did not imagine, my 1> 2, or 3 bushels to the acre or with lime or leach- dear sir that I should have subjected you to the ed ashes, sown and harrowed in with the grain.— fatio-ue of readint' so long a letter. Be this as it Your crops will be more secure against the rust, ma>" I hef yon to be assured of the respect with blast, and smut, than when sown upon the strong- 1 • 1 I Z c.;,. er manures, especially if .=oaked in a strong pickle which I am, sir, . , , j , , ,, / Your obedient servant °' sea-salt, or saltpetre, nnsod clean, and rolletti JoiiM Harf Powell, Esq. Pw- SMITH. ' i" plaster, or live ashes, when sown. Plaster aaS Correiponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania ashes answer well, also, when sown upon your .Igricultural Society. ■ ''emp, flax, barley and oat ■ -^-^ '--^ "'• — •^■- CULTIVATION OP PEAS. Peas of all other grain demand a more frequent renovatioi of sG;d ; for if these poise were to be sown a few years on the same kind of soil, a visi- ble degeneracy would tike place in the nature of the pea, and the crops would become slighter at each successive harvest. Neither is it prudent to crop the same field with peas but it an interval of four or five years, since a sliiftinj of around is not less necessiry to the well bein? of the crop, than a change of species. — Bannister's Husbandry. The above theory respecting the importance of Ihti changing seeds of peas and other vegetables is mains many daysto produce its cream, such cream not so lenerallv acquiesced in as it has been for- acquires an unpleasant taste that is imparted to merlv. The modern doctrine is that the most the butter. 'healthy stalks, stems or bulbs, should be selected Since the month of January, IS'23, my dairy f^r bearing seeds ; and such as obtain maturity at people have been in the practice of always placing t),p earliest period of the season are to be prefer- the pans containing the milk, in water simmering ^pj Dr Cooper of New Jersey savs, [see page I hot. The oilv parts, which constitute the cream, 93 of the current volume of the N. E. Farmer.]— j by this mode of feeding, averaged 180 Ihs. al ^ *re by such heal separated from the other in- a Our early peas were procured from London the 1 Christmas following, with a very trifle ot corn, ex-. The time of sowing all your spring grains will depend much upon the season, with this general rule, the earlier the bet- ter, with proper security against frosts ; be sure to catch a dry seedtime if possible, the difft-ren.-e in the value of your crop, will richly repay a strict attention to thi.^ part of good farming. Hemp '.viU do to be repeated successively, for many ycar.s, with high manuring ; but all the other crops as above, s'lould be sown nfter corn, or potatoes, or upon stubhle land, ridged in in the fall, and per- fectly free from weeds, or their seeds, or upon turnip grounds after stubble. Select a warm, rich piece of ground near your dwelling, of 1, 2, •'>, or 4 roods, render it rich with horse or hog manure; plant thi^ with English white potatoes, they will answer to begin to dig in July ; these, when steamed, or boiled, will serve for early food for your hogs, and bring thera forward for early pork, nnd save your corn in the fall. I can say that 4 pigs, which averaged 27ll>s. in the middle of July, roI.V.— No. 3'.'. i\l<:W ENGLAND PAIIMEU. 307 iirrlhel.is< nuintli, they then had com allo- cr, to har()on the r"-^^^- T!"^ «''" bo found I" tlic chcupfist modes of bringiiifr forward hoijs If the expense nf f;iel in boiling is ;in tion, U-t it be romcmbiTcd, that one or two of vviitor aie siitlicient io steam a hogshead itatocs, if they can be placed over the stenm, 1 covered with bran, or Indian-meal, whirh is I [-ctly dry. f f l or 5 inches thick, so as to pre- I the escHpo of the ;-tpam : before one gallon I ater is exhntistrd, l!ie •.vhois hogsliead will he < !d fit for the table; let these be nii.\e'L'."^'-° "^".* ^"'f' '° ^''' U"""''. .^'!''^'. 27,944 tons new ships) for the year 1820, amount- ed to .$2,.599,790- S357,4-!8. -imports $2,232,848 — DiJference THE POTATO. The introduction of the po'a'oe plant into France, received, for more than two centuries, an unexampled opposition from vulgar prejudice ; and it was not until Louis XV. who wore a branch of the flowers of the potatoe in the midst of the court, on a day of festivity, that the people for the first time yielded through fashion to acknovv edge its value. The number of newspapers published in the lan- guages of India, and designed solely for native readers, has increased, in the course of seven years, from one to six. Four of these are in Ben- galee, and two in Persian. A country Gentleman walking in his fields saw his gardener asleep under a tree. " What," said he " asleep when you should be at work, you idle wretch : you are not worthy that the sun should shine on you." " I am truly sensible of my own I unworthiness," replied the man, " and therefore I (laid me down in the shade,"' 308 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Apni ^0, iSa; Ji' GARDliNING. The following directions for the culture of Kitchen Gurdeu Vegetables, were prepared for rho second volume of the Memoirs of the New York Board of Agriculture. ASPARAGUS. Beds should be made as soon as the ground is . lear from frost, the first part of April in ordinary seasons. The ground must be well worked to the depth of a spade blade, and intimately mixed until rotten horse manure. The seeds should then be sowed in rows or drills, twenty inches apart, and one inch deep, the rows crosswijo of the beds — They should be raked in, lengthwise of the rows. Asparagus will be large enough to begin to cut, the third spring after it is sowed. It may be cut until the 20th of June every year afterwards. As soon as the cutting season is over, hoe it over lightly, so as to loosen the soil and make the sur- face even. Every other year spread on each bed an inch layer of good yard manure before hoeing. The tops will now grow to a great size, and mostly 1 seed well. Early in the spring cut the dry tops i close to the ground, lay them evenly on tlie beds, and burn them there. Then hoe the beds over, and rake them again. They are then prepared for ■he new growth. Most of the English writers recommend break- ing up old asparagus beds once in a certain num- ber of years. Some beds in the western part of New York have been cut twenty-five years, and under this course of treatment they still continue to be as good as they ever were. RADISHES Should be sowed in drills, eight inches apart, tjio last week in Marcli. The beds should be made of horse manure fresh from the stables, well mulched with good garden mould. Often loosen the soil .about them while growing, and keep the weeds out. Radishes are excellent early vegetables, but soon give place to others. The same ground may ')e planted to cabbages after the radislies are off LETTUCE. It should be sowed as early as it can be raked into the ground, for it cannot bo injured by early frosts. Some sow a bed for early lettuce late in the preceding fall. It onght to be sowed in rows sixteen inches apart, between vacant rows intend- ed for some other plant. For as the lettuce will soon be pulled out, other rows of later vegetables will occupy the whole land. pahsnips. They should be sowed about the 28th of April. But Dr U. Gregory prefers the last week in March; and selects a dry sandy or loaBiy bed which will admit of the earliest culture. lie says, parsnips become- poisonous in damp ground. They should be sowed in drills, 20 inclies apart, and three-fourths of an inch deep, and raked in length- wish of the drills. Tlie beds should be previously well worked and manured ; and afterwards fre- 'luently hoed, which is all the care required. ONIONS. They should bo sowed about the 27th of April, in drills sixteen inches apart, made very shallow, not exceeding'half an inch in depth, and raked in iightly lengthwise of the drill*. The beds having Jieet) well worked with thoroughly rotted manure, at least five inches deep, they will be up very uni- formly in about fourteen days. Iloe them as soon as they are just up suflicient- ly to bo hoed ciirefuUy without injury. Let them be hoed si.x or seven times during the season. — The tops will fall about the 10th of August. But they will continue to grow until about the first week in September. They must not be pulled until the tops become dry. Being biennial, onions never produce seed until the second year. Onions should always bo sowed on the same beds ; for cKperiencc has demonstrated, that the crops become better after being raised on the same beds for many years in succession. Some valuable observations on the culture of Onions will be found in the New England Farmer, vol. iii. pages 89, 138, 140, 251, 3t>5. BEETS AND CARROTS. Thoy should be sowed about the 2Stli of April, in drills thrce-fouiths of an inch deep, and twenty inches apart — if carrots are in drills, but si.xteen inches apart, and half an inch deep, it is about as well. The ground prepared and the seed raked in as for onions. BEAS, (Faba,) A genus of plants according to Touriicfort and Jfssieu, and a species [of Vicia] according to Lin- nseus and other botanists. Olivier found it grow- ing spontaneously in Persia, and considers it a native of that, or of some neighboring part of Asia. The ancients had mnny ridiculous prejudices in relation to this vegetable. In Egypt, to look at it, was an act of uncleanness. In Greece, Pythago- ras forbid its use ; and at Rome, the Flamcn Dia- lis was not permitted to name it. This proscrip- tion is differently accounted for by difterent wri- ters. Clemens Alexandrinus ascribes it to a sup- posed property in the bean to create barrenness in animals ; and Tlieophrastus superadds a similar property in relation to vegetables; while Cicero accounts for it by alleging, that " it disturbed the mind, and obscured the faculty of divination by dreams." It has however surmounted all these prejudices, and has been long in general use, ci- ther i:i a green or dry state, in every part of the world. Of the species wo have mentioned, the horse bean is supposed to be the type, and has many va- rieties, known in different places by different names, as the Julian, the Mazagan, the Toker, the Sandwich, the Spanish, the green Genoa, and the Windsor. Of the Kidney bean, (the Phaseolus Vulgaris,) the varieties are still more multiplied, as they alter, when planted near each other, by reciprocal fecundation. La Buriays, in his La Quintanie, enumerates sixty, and M. Bosc says, that in the garden of M. Gavoty do Resthe, he had seen four hundred !*. But however multiplied the races, the character and habits of the plants continue to be nearly the same. They all affect a. strong, substantial, moist soil, well dug, and abundantly manured ; and the enemies they most dread, are late and frosty springs and early and hot summers. These cir- cumstances cannot fail to attract the attention of the cultivator, and the mora so, as they involve a practical contradiction ; for as the one invites to late planting, so the other would appear to forbid it. The only remedy, in this ease, is to regulate our labors, not by the alniunnc, but by the t( rature of the weather and the earth, wliic never deceive us. Wbeu these begin to ft vegetation, and not before, dig and manure ground tlioroughly, and (after smoothing the face and forming the drills) begin by planting Toker, Broad Spanish, and Windsor, and suj quently the Mazagan, Early Lisbon, Long White Blossom, and Green Genoa, the former inches apart in tlie rows and the latter half distance. The effect of this management will to secure a succession of fruit, according different degrees of precocity in the plants ; to make the varieties which bear cold the the ^first, and those which are least injure heat, the Icisf, in the series. , Tiie Kidney-bean, being more sensible of and wet weather, than the preceding spei must be planted later. Its varieties are d into two races — the climbing and the dwarf, (s( dons et humilis) the former requiring pole support them, the otlier requiring no support, the first of these races, the most approved are, Prague, the Prudhome, the Altogethcr-Yelli and the Red : and of the second, the Dutch, Loan, the Yellow, and tlie Swiss. After the paratory labour, indicated above, the clic should bo planted in groups (four or five togethi with a pole, well fixed in the earth, for themi mount upon ; whilo the dwarfs should be ph in rows, at the distance of two or three in( from each other and carefully covered. Squ; of these ("the dwarfs) rnay be planted from A till August, according to the taste and convi fence of the cultivator. Tlie la.st species ue shall mention, and latest td be sown, is the Lima Bean, w'hich ou not to be hazarded before the frosts are coraple ly over, and then committed only to a rich, vvai and well laboured soil. It is usually and best cul tivated (like all other climbers) in what gardened call hills, composed of rich mould and separalsj six feet from each other. Four or five beans and tv;o or three stout poles, nine or ten feet in length, are sufficient for each hii'. When the beans be- gin to run, they should he trained to mount tli4 poles, for it is only by doing so, that they will r*- ceive that degree of air and of sunshine, which ii; necessary to the production and perfection o( their fruit.- ? Our remarks thus far have been confined, o| nearly so, to the sowing of the bean. Those which follow, apply to its management after that work is over, and are common to the labours ne- cessary or useful to the whole family. When the plant has attained the length of three or four inches, the earth about its roots should be loosen- ed with the hoe and a fresh portion of it drawn up to the stem. The rule for subsequent labours is to hoe again, when the flowers begin to show themselves, and a third time, about a month after the second hoeing — but the better practice is to take as our guide, in this, respect, not the condi- tion of the plant, but that of the soil and of the weather, and whenever the latter is dry and hot, or the former hard, or baked or infested with weeds, repeat the hoeing : remembering, that it is «iflk Bf0'?« iheia* jot?'' tie?" gie 'ii jsinj" ! * N. Coursd'Asrioglturo, -"Vrt. Fcve- * The Carolina Bean, is but a variety of th^ Lima, and is therefore to be managed in the sam* way. with the exception, that being less in vo-^ lume, four feet between the hills, give sufficient room for if. ll.V.— No. 00. NEW EAGLAlSD FARMER. ky to romiiiit any c.\ccss in this way ; and [ernl, tlwit tlie ollencr the work is repeated the weather be wet.) tho liner and more ml will bo the crop. .n tlie bean is siiiViciontly in blossom [which n for granted so soon as the lower or iirst ■ pods begin to swell) it is a practice not un- j ._jn, to pinch ofi" the tops of the vines ; the J. ,.j4 of which is, to prevent this plant from hav- ''-*ire pods than it can bring to perfection : render better those which arc ]cl\, by giv- . them :\ nutriment, which would have other- gone io the support of a useless portion of But of this practice and of the theory on it is founded, uo may be permitted to because it does not appear to follow, that .the growth of a plant is checked or suspend- , one direction, it will not exert itself in an- as injuriously to the crop, as any increased I of stem would have done. Every day's ex- ice shows, that if we pollard an apple tree, idoed stop its growth upward, but that in- of sending its surplus juices to the support •nlnrgemeut of the fruit, (as this practice jses,) it hastens to throw out lateral stems ccors, which give no fruit whatever. Our therefore is, that in the vegetable economy, .1 juices go to the production of stem and n OcJiers more elaborated, and of a difiorent y to that of flowers and iVuits, and that er desirable or not, the art of giving to a destination different from v.hat nature in- d, is yet to be discovered. ; bean, of every species or variety, is cx- as we believe, from tiie depredations of in- but left for seed, or wiiuer use, it oftea suf- roir. very dry (Tr very wet v.eather — tire oBfe, isl:ing the bulk and hardening and shrivel- tl'.c ski;] ; the other, rottinsr tiie bean, and it does least mischief, altering its flavour-. — he former, frequent watering nicy be a cure, )r the lattor, there is perhaps no remedy, the neighborhood of cities, ih'- dwarf varie- re often cultivated in hot bed< — but the pro- is always of a very inferior kind ; for of the 3 catalogue of table vegetables, none is more o take a disacreeahle flavour from hot and anting dung (which is the basis of there beds) the bean. Of this process therefore, we only .hat it differs in nothing from that already ibcd for forcing asparagus. dew is on, once c«ch week, until they be^in to head. " They must not be pulled up, until there is dan- ger of their freezing too fast in the ground to be ; got up. If there happens to bo an early snow, it J will not injure them. When they are removed from j the garden, they should bo set out again in a trench dug in the bottom of a cellar. If the ccl- ' lar is pretty cool, it will be the better. GARDE.V PEAS. ey should be planted about the xSSth of Apiil, y peas for the market much sooner,) in drills airs si.x inches apart, so that one row of bush- ay serve for the pair of drills. There sliould be four feet space -from centre to centre be- :n the pairs of drills. Tlie drills should be an inch deep, and the seed raked in longth- of the drills. :iey should be hoed once, then busheil, and 1 once after being bushed. From this time sly pull out the weeds. CABBAGES. ley should be transplanted into the beds re they are to row about the SDth of May ; having been sowed in a small bed for plants t a month previous. The ground onght to be I mellowed and manured, before they are! iplanted. | ley should be hoed in the morning, v.hen the j ORCHARD GRASS. This is a very valuable grass. It springs very early. When cut off by the scythe, it neither waits for fresh shoots from its roots, nor until its wounds be healed, but continues growing on just as if nothing hi;d happened. The leaves which have , been cut will grow, on a rich soil, nearly, if not inite, one inch in the course of twenty four hours, forming new points gradually as they increase in length. It is very observable, when it has been sown I with red clover, and both cut off by the scythe at ! the same time, that it greatly outstrips the clover when cool weather commences in the fall, and soon becomes much taller than it. The stalk of orchard grass is- very solid, grows high, and the loaves are abundant ; therefore the first crop of it will greatly e.xceed that of timothy. As horses ' and cattle eat the hay freely, and thrive well on It, I am compelled to believe it must be a much more profitable grass for this purpose. As it blos- soms with rod clover, and should be cut at the same time for hay, and will (except in hin-h lati- tude-s) produce a good first, second and third crop for n-'owing, if the soil be good, it must be greatly preferable to timotliy, either for soling, grazinc-, or hay, unless it should heri^aftor be found, that tt is greatly inferior to that grass in nutritive prop- erties. No information or observation, however, has occurred, since my acquaintance with both these grasses, which would justify this opinion On the contrary, it would appear, that orchard grass is as nutritive as any of the grasses gener ally used by us, and that it may be more profitably employed either for hay, pasture or grazing, than any of them. Notwithstanding the great value of orchard grass, it will be found much the best practice to cultivate no mere of it for hay than can be cut arid securpd in proper, time. Though it will stand without apparent injury some time after it bo fit Io cut, it is greatly injured if mowing be deferred for a considerable time after it is in full bloom. ; The seed of this grass is light and chaffy, shat- , ters out greatly, unless the plants be cut in time, ' and very crirofully handled. It would seem that j the seed is often damaged. I have sown three j bushels of it to the acre without obtainino- anv- j thing like a snificiency of plants. As it is much I smaller than oat grass seed, it would seem, that I one bushel of it ought to be enough for an acre of ground, if the seed was sowed without beinrrion^i/-.t< Liiceinp, — Spe Xew Eiisrland Farmer, page 235. FKMALE DOMEST Cb. ^,.^^ ^;^ Vum^Xuns. ssociation ot respectable ladies has been ^ ^^^ j^ ^^ ^1^^ celebrated Altringham ,n this cuy, for the purpose of encouraging ; ^^^^^^^ g^^^ ^,^.^ ^^^^ ^^.^^ originally from Al- ■cmale Domestics. tringham, Cheshire. England. It has 'oeen raised cohst.tnl.on provides for the registry of t,ie \ ^ ^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^, ^^ p^^..^^ ^j. R^xbury, and seve- ipport as directed for nasturtiums. the female domestics, whose services ^ obtained hv the members of the association plication therefor ; institutes certain re- fer those who live a certain period of time same family ; and makes some proriBWh h as may be out of employ. The members lollar a year, and are thus ensured tho ser- of a faithful domestic. Those domestics •gister their names will be pretty sure of daces durinsf good behaviour ; but in case int against them is made ta the managers association, their names will !;e struck from jister. New York Society for the i:nprovpmont of :tic8 has been nroductive of much good. It I tr' 'l" " "i^ ■. _ ^ r Herbs, and cently chosen its omccrs tor another year. 1 ,^., , ^ imiuins have been awarded BRIGHTON MARKET, April Ui. iber of cattle at market (including 81 uii- st week) 287 — sales $4 50 to 5 ."jO the huii- two very fine Oxen brought $.j /.l. 30 un- Cows and calves, and workinsf oxen not in ral other gentlemen in the vicinity of Boston, who speak of it in high terms. This seed was procured from Mess. Thorburn & Son. Orchard Grass Seed. A few busliels of Fold Meadow Grass Seed. Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. A grrat variety of Beans an 1 Peas, by ihe bushel or smaller quantity. Carolina Water Melon — I'ii.c ^P}-ic, Green Citron, and Nutmeg Melon, Canteloupt' Melon. Mangel Wurtrel, large White Norrolk Turnip, Ruta Baga &c. A few small boxes of Garden Seeds, assorted for family use. Each box contains forty-five dif- ferent kinds, including Peas, Beans, Sweet Pot every vegetable usually raised in a Kitchen Garden. Price $5,C0 per bcx. i White Kidney Beans. j Dun cnlouretl dido J Warrington Dwarf ditto I The above lot of Seeds is warranted equal to any in Boston. Most of them have been tried in Pots iand Hot Beds. The publisher of the Farmer has Aiade arrange I. Number of sheep 1 10—50 sold for .'53 u^gntg f,,,. supplying any quantity of the Black h. Number of swiao ISO — none sold [Patriot 770 Mr Jefterson occupied the most wester Currant bushes and Buckthorn quicks for hedges, by leaving their orders at this office. AGRICULTURAL, WAREHOUSE, se in Philadelphia. It' is now the centre o! ^o. Si Xorth Market ttreei, (Up stairs) opposite ty. ' j the north side of Fanneil Hall. T, I rn 1 T T 1 1 i\T A' ' The Agricultural War^-house, which has been estab- 1 each I rees at Lon-j Island. JN. r . were h- u j • H,- ■. u . • i u = lushed m this city about six years, has become so ex- blossom on the 1-Uh inst. but the buds were , tensive, and of so much importance to the community. Jg. las to induce the proprietor to continue and extend it in , . , , . , ■ ,TT , I all its various braiiche", for the accommodation of ex- ,oc,ety has been formed in Wales to promote ; perimenfal and scientific farmers, by the introdnrlion of nony. Each member binds himself to be j new and useful implements of husbandry, and to furnish the practical laruicr with the best tools for his busi- ness. An establishment of this kind not only serves the s a saleable one ; in the language of the cu- above purpose, but as a deposit for Ihe inventive arti- a scarce one ; in that of men of sense, a Uan to place his articles for sale. and instructive one, '^^"^ proprii-tor does not hesitate to say that among ed within a year. d book, in the language of the booksel- the variety of articles on hand at this Kstaldishment, many are far superior in (heir form and construction, and far better adapted to the purpofis for which thej are intended, than any others which have been in use in this country. Among the variety of Plough? on hand arc to be found those ol I ice's Cast Iron — S^tatbuck & Miicheirs ditto Howard's Cast and Wrought Iron ditto — ^elf sharpen- ing ditto — Commi.nand expanding double mould board ditto — Sinclair's side I. ill ditto — with a large assort- ment of common ploughs made by Warren and others, approved manufacturers. Pope's Improved Hand Threshing Machine, which has been fully tested during the last fall, and is consid- ered by those will) have used it as far superior in every respect to any machine that has ever been invented for the purpose. Ki^hts to use this machiiit (or counties or states may be had on application to tiie subscriber. A great variety of Hay and Straw Cutting Machines — among which are Willis's Horizontal and Vertical ones - Bafford's large and small size ditto— Eastman's ditto, with side gearing. Improved Cylindrical Corn Phelltr whirh has/ been sufficiently proved to be considered Ihe hist machine for the purpose yet invented. — Jones' common ditto. Gault's patent Churns — Philadelphia patent ditto — Curtis's patent ditto — Common kind ditto, of all sizes. A very large and general assortment of every kind ol Garden and Field Implements, among which are 300 dozen of Goodyear's real Manure and Hay forks which arc offered by wholesale or retail, on very reasonable terms. Forks purchased at this F.stablishmenl will bfs mended at a very trifling expense, and warranted c- qually as strong as wh-^n new. Likewise, Siviet's improved Bal nc who seaaaivahly applj' cai) obtain samples ol several of Mr Knight's new sorts, so highly recommend- ed in the Agricultural Journal. Also many thousands of budded apple trees ofsnperior kinds, good size, and allowed by all to he very thrifty and hamlsome. Sev- eral thousands of budded Peach frees, consisting of a choice collection of about 40 of the best sorts discover- ed in gardens or the market ; Ihe peach trees are from 5 to 8 feet high, and the buyer has his choice at 30 cents each ; there are likewise plenty of .Apricots and Nfcclarnes. Of good sized Ornamantal trees, the Flowering Cat- alpas, and Horse Chesnuf — tlie Mountain Ash — Weep- ing Willow — Silver Fir— Larch — Sugar maple — But- ternut, &c. Currant bushes, — Ihe common red of all sizes, by Ihe dozen, hundred, or thousand, on moder- ate terms. — Also the large Dutch White, and Red; — the Champaiue Hud the Black. — Red, White and Damask Rnsf tushes. — Senna, Gum Acacia, English grapes, — Red and While Antwerp Raspberrir-s. kc. This Nursery, within six miles of Boston and so eas- ily viewed stands in no need of that incessant praise, the interested and artful lavish on some ilistant Nur- series, which they well know are located in a wrong direction for supplying people in these Nm thern States. For it is ai estahlished maxim, of which they cannot be ignorant, that trees of rapid growth ought not to be robbed of their roots in the fashionable way and remov- ed from a mild to a colder situation, — hut the reverse. However, Yankee sagacity is not easily outwitted, hence experienced Agriculturists as far south as Rhode Island, give a decided preference to trees fmm North- ern Nurseries. Orders addressed to J. & ^V. Kenrick, and sent to the Brighton post office, or left al Ihe office of Dana ir Fenno in State ^treet, will he duly attended to ; and \ trees will be packed in clay and mails for shipping when ordered , but distant gentlemen should always employ some ag' nt to receive and pay for them. On Satur- days, paclied trees will be delivered in Boston free of charge for conveyance. In transplanting, one year's growth is frequently lost, if Ihe trees happen to survive, by aa unreatonable diminution of the roots, therefore special care shall be taken for their preservation. tf. March 9. J 12 NEW ENGLAiN'D FARMER. April -JO. isai, ES1S0EI.I.AN1ES. From the Greek. WOMAN. O thou ! by lieaven ori!ai:ieil to Lc Arbitress of man's destiny ! rrom Ihy sweet lip one tender sigh — One glance from (bine approving eyt— Can raise or bind him at thy will, '''o viitue's noblest flights, or worst estri.nics of i!!. Bo angel-minded ! and dcsjiise Thy sex's little vanitlis ; And let not passion's lawless tide, Thy befti'r purpose sweep aside ; For wo awaits the evil hour, That lends to man's annoy thy heaven entrusted pow'r. Woman i 'tis thine to cleanse the heart From ev'ry gross, unholy part ; Thine in domestic solitude. To win him to be wise and good ; His pattern, guide, and friend, to bo, I'o give him back the heaven he forfeited for (liee 1 JAMES BLOODGOOD & Co Xnrsfrij at Flushing, on Long Island, near York. IN be'.alf of the proprietors of thoj nursery, thi' subsciilu-r solicits the oi _ horticulturists who may be desirous ing th^ rr; gardens and fields with fruit trees of thi sorts and most hciltliy a. id vigorous storljs the pi autumn. BLOouooon i- Co alhiid ptrsonally to the inocuttf, ' ind purcl^ they ordi .■3 Tropical Climate. — Insects are the curse of Topical climates. The vete rotige lays the foun- dation of a tremendous ulcer. In a moment you are covered with ticks. Chigoes bury themselves in your flesh, and hatch a large colony of youno- chigoes in a few hDurs. Tliey will not live to° gether, but every chigoe sets up a separate ulcer, and has his own private pus. Flies get entry into your mouth, into your eyes, into your nose. You eat flies, drink flies, and breath flies. Lizards, cockatrices, and snakes, get into the bed ants cat the books — scorpions sting you on the foot every thing stings, bites, or bruises — every sec- ond of your existence you are wounded by some piece of animal life, that nobody lias ever seen be- fore, except Swammerdam and Mariam. An in- sect with eleven legs is swimming in your tea cup — a non descript with nine wings is struggling in the small beer, or a caterpillar with several dozen eyes in his belly is hastening over the bread anJ butter ! All nature is alive, and seems to be gath- ering her entomological hosts to eat you up as you are standing, out of your coat, waist-coat, and breeches. Such are the tropics. All this reconciles us to our dews, fogs, vapour and driz- zle— to our apothecaries rushing about with gar- gles and tinctc.res — to our British constitutional coughs, sore throats, and swelled faces Edin- burgh Rcvieie. ./in Hieroglyphic. — The Greeks made use of the same v.ord to signify the soul as Ihcy used for a IbjUterJly : evidently because a butterfly is only a ' caterpillar that changes its form without dying, and bears therein a similitude to the soul, which ' continues to exist in its new state after the disso- ; lution of the body. It was for this reason that , the Greeks justly represented the soul hieroglyph- i ically under the form of a buttorlly.and afterwards ' proceeded to give it the very name of that insect, j ""'' engraf/ing of all lheirf,-uil !rt ) may rely with confidence that the t Henry Stephens. — In the printing-house of this ] prove genuine, great scholar, every person spoke Latin, from the : master to the old maid who served in the shop. — i The brothers v.'ere so anxious to have all books j accurately printed at their press,- that after dili- gently examining every sheet twice, before they printed it off, they put out a third proof at their door, and promised a louis d'or to any persouwho 1 J^^"|J.^^P''"=^ °'""^^ Purchaser; IhQ bills may b, should find^fault in it.— l;'". S. Gazette. j Tbe™reputation of this nursery is so extensively 1 and has been so well sustained that 1 take leave! fcr those in w.nnt of trees to any of the Ho licul( in ti'is city and ils vicinity, and if ocular denioust* is desire. 1, I invite those who wi-h to be thus satij to examine the trees in my garden at UorchesteJ cured from this nursery for three or four yeara some of which are now in bearing, all in a heallB vigorous state. Catalogues will be delivered gratis on appl!^ to _ ZF,B. COOK4 Rogers' Building— Congress StR The subscriber, agent of the above nurse j ceive orders for anv quantity of FRUIT AND FURKST TRKF.?, Fl.OWElUiN'G SHRUBS, AND , PLANTS. I And tlie trees will be delivered in (his city at tfl Jlctive Benevolciire ! A horse harnessed to a : chaise, was observed during the grer-ter part of yesterday tied at ths lower end ofMerchanl's Hall. Some passer-by, more considerate than the owner of the beast,tovvards night placed on a conspicuous part of the harness the following label — " Wanted, Haifa Peck of Oats. Inquire within." A Bookseller's Judgement. — Dr Prideaux used to relate that when he brought the copy of his " connection of the old and new testament" to the Ornamental and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Plw, Bookseller, he told him it was a dry subject, and I '-'• ^ ^' LAN'DRETH. the printi.ng could not be safely ventured upon, | .yursery. Seedsmen, a,:dFloruh, unless he could enliven the work with a little hu- , , avj: constantly on hand for sale! a'^veryTxtlj """"• ! collection of Fruit 7'ree3,Hardy Ornamental Tree i\T rr 1 ri ', „„ ,, 7" , ,• I Shrubs. Green Mouse Plants, Bul bous Roots. GJ Mr Zadoc Prosho, of Pelham, gathered from a :^eeds, &c. &c. not exceeded by any similar est single vine (seed accidentally planted) the last ment in the United States. fall, 2.30 squashes, for seed, after having plentiful- i ^ Orders received by Messrs. PARKF.R & COD: ly supplied his family of seven or eio-ht durino- tlie i ■^'°" ^ Congress-square, near the Exchange summer ° ° i '^'°"*''i Boston, of who.-n priced Catalogues I whole may be had gratis. tf. Dec, 111 » [be of ilioiiH lul if loiofe' liiw pi! mbi littul' The cultivation of sugar in the state of Georgia; TO FARMERS— To let, a farm containing 3& is extending. A planter in Early county last ; of 'a'lf'i a large and comfortable houw, barn, &c year made ISOOlbs. of good sugar from an acre '^"'^ '■ of" good quality, and of easy cultivation, and a half of cowpenned pine land. I "?.°." "'" .P'^'=.^ a variety of choice ynun. John Wessell. — Sextus 4th, having a great es- teem for this learned German, sent for hira, and said "Son, ask of us what you will, nothing shall be refused to yo\i that becomes our character to bestow, and your condition to receive." " Most Ho- ly Father," replied he, " I shall never be trouble- some to your Holiness ; you know I never sought after great things ; the only favor I have to beg 13, that you will permit me to take out of your Va- tican Library, a Greek and a Hebrew Bible." " You shall have them," said Sextus; "but what a simple man you are ; why do you not ask for a Bishoprick ?" " Because, Holy Father, I do not want one," replied Wessell. The stock of cotton in Savannah on the 29th ult. amounted to 32,54 1 bales, of which 3C31 were Sea Islands. THE SEASON. The weather is mild and charming, and t! spring comes on rapidly. Mr. Prince, the horti- 'phe te culturalist, of Flushing, informed us this morning, ^ first y that we have not had so forward a Spring since afterwards thatofl79L The peach trees were then in bios- ^^^^l; som on the 20th of April, whereas the usual time for their blossoming in this latitude, is about the first of May. This year however, the buds arc al- ready bursting forth, and they will be in blossom before the 20th. Many fruit trees are now in blossom, and tho apricots are thus earl}' dropping their flov/ers. The horticultural indications are, | 30 Burgundy do— 6 Austrian do— 2.'> .Marl.k- .lu- that the present wilL be an uncommonly fruitful , Tuscany do— 100 French do— 8 Lagerstoa;mia Imlica, fiu't which arc just beginning (o bear ; also 10~acres o meadow, on which could be cut enough fuel foi family, and is an excellent manure. Said farm ated in Cambridge, about 4 miles from Boston mi will be on a lease from six to ten years rent to be expended for manure, and a" to be laid out in the same manner ew; Th,.- above offers a desirable opportnnitv lo a intelligent, thorough and enterprising farmer, .^'o(|tll but who can bring recommendations as being «n(h niti apply. THOMAS BREWER. 416 WashJngl.m stfl Rose Bushes i,- Grape Vines. For sale at the bouse of Samiifl Downer, in Dnrcli»* r— r.O Hundred Leaf Rose Bushes— 90 So. Pifvinti Cabbage— 10 F'our Seasons do— 300 Damr.J, tlt- season. [N. Y. paper.] The Sangerfield, Onedia County Intelligencer says, a strange disease has lately broken out among the sheep in that town, of which hundreds have died. A kind of grub worm has been dis- covered in the head a little above the eye. The largest is about gths of an inch long, and ns large as a pipe stem, and many others are found in the : ^"a7k red same head, some but little smaller and others or (.rape Myrllc — 2('0 Grape A'ines,- (white ^■wsfl Water)— Snow Ball , Bushes— white Lilliis— nd ami white Lilacs — 50 gallons double sud single dislillbi Rose Water, made from all ilamas).- roses. April (!» An Imported Bull for Sale. A full blood bull of Ibe North Devon breed, will hth years old in May next, will be sod at a rtasouable rail or let on shares for one or two years lo any person who may he well recomnitnded. Me is a superior; ninial- — as this breed always is— therefore easily atched for working cattle ; bfing the most aclive ip quite small. They are found to be iJivc after the 'England for labour — also excellent lor beef and milk sheep is dead. No remedy has yet been discover- < ^^ '^ "°^^ ^^ .Sandwich, N. H. and may he bad the Is^ ed. They have been put into 'spirits of turpen- 1 "L'^'"]' , f" '"""'" ^° "'" '"^'"'''"/A'til-P^!??.'''!! "' finp b„f ft,ic,!o„„ r>„f i-Tii ,!.„„ ^ lattendedlo. JOHNPRLNX-f. Roxbury, Mass. 20 Ma-ch 1827. tine, but this does not kill lliem. rorToii 01' Til]-. I'ublishetl by Jou.n B. Rcssbh at K'>. 5:^ j\'(irili Market Stfcet, (opposilo Fauueil Hall). — Thomas 0. FEssEaiMtN, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1827. No. 40. P VPK|;LS ijiiclivo without doprcci:itinjj in oxccilcncc. — as lie had left his prc>, it was t'omi'l timt he had — .__- I About 1 or 5 years ago, oiy friend inquired of me inude an oppiiinjj into the body of the cut worm, n K.NCLAM) f'AiiMER. res-pectinfj the potatoes, snd on being infornied I throuufh which isoucd a pare of llic contents of tlic ■ I that they continued ;;ood, he requested nie to fa- 1 abdomen. REE 'i'llIXGS OF GIIK,\T IMI'OR- ! vor him witli some for seed, statiiij^ that his liad TANCK. ," iiiji oitl and become no butter thin oJ/ifc.?." IJis hill seeds of ull kinds be selected from request wjis granted with pleasure, and he inform- of the greatest perfection. Plants for seed , od mc tliat they were "as good as the fu-sl." In the winter of l!?'2(.>, I purchased at Boston, a few very larg-c Eng-lish potatoes (so called) whicli were said to be very excellent. I gave them a good chanco, and from the appearance of the vines tlioy promised much, and my expectations bo of tlie best si,:e, shape and excellence hould be planted at some distance from nt of the same family, designed for seed, 3 inferior plant of the same species should milled to flow or near them. hat plants of every description stand at a ' 'vere proportionably raised, But tliey fell sliort in istunce one from the other, so th.it the air irculato freely about them, and that the sun nve its proper infhience in bringing them to tion.' The air and sun are absolutely ne- y in por.'fecting the grovth of plants, which ought to stand so ncax as to interfere witli Mher. si".o, yield and e.vcellence, of tliose that I l.aii long cultivated. R. GREEN. Maiisfdd, April 12, 1837. This was to lire a novel occurrence, and excited further nttontiori. The new comer after a few minutes, in which he appeared to enjoy himself, n'oving leisurely from place to place with apparent unconcern, attacked anoUier worm in the same manner as before, aiul the same scene was exhib- ited with the same results. It was astonishing to behold the rencounter, and I determined to wait and see the end of the play. The little creature as yet discovered no dis- position to leave the field of battle, where all the slaughter wus en one side, but appeared to amuse himself as before, but in a short lime he seized « third, and the like tragedy was again presented, and the results the same. The hero by this time was satiated with feast- ing, and discovered a desire to quit the ground ol combat. Believing that this new insect was to INSECTS. Mu Editor — As insects seem to be increasing, both in variety and numbers, and as many are That weeds of every species be removed soon I ''f^st'^uf^t'^e ^o our plants and fruit trees, and as some arc subservient to man, would it not be use- 1 the cut worm, what the weasel is to the rat, and ful to collect facts as they come to our knowledge j tiiat he might do mo essential service in his mode concerning the different species? An acqiiain- Lf life, I let hini go in peace, and he entered the tancc with their habits and modes of economy, earth from whence he came, and vef-y much to my which arc different in difl'erent species, may lead s;itisfaction. to the discovery of " ways and means" of defence [ This contest brought to my recollection, that I against those which destroy the fruits of industry. I had observed the cut worm, in the morning, ly- Tho subject appears to be important, for from the ing dead on the surface among my plants, with a tlicy appear. No weed should be siificred .ver in a garden, nor in its border. •sc things are greatly neglected to the no damage to the cultivator. The beauty of a n depends very much on order and neatness, oilier words, a place for even/ Ihitio^ end evert/ in its place — keeping out the weeds and re- ig every thing when decayed. Order and CSS renler a garden, however humble in respects, a delightful place ; but where are neglected, ami noxious weeds are al- ! to usurp the place of useful plants, it u.iiP of disgust. ne persons seem not to care what seed they , if it cost them nothin-g. They plant their ns in snch a confused manner as not to ad- e plough, if they wished it. They hoe once .vice and then abandon their plants to the y of the worms and weeds. What the in- Icave, the weeds overpower and destroy, ilie land is overloaded with seeds of the worst , which will take some years for an industri- nan to exterminate. '.r best vegetable productions will degenerate ?s special care be taken to obtain seed of the kind. novitiate in hi rticulture planted an English lip and a Ruta Ba'ja. for seed, so near togeth- hiit when the plants grew up, the flowers 3 nearly in contact. The farina of each mu- affected the seed of each plant. The seeds n ripe appeared good, and in the ensuing year 0 planted. The seed of the English Turnip luced turnips of a had shape, very different 1 the parent root, but of a good quality. The 1 of the Ruta Bagn produced plants neither the one ner the oilier, worth little or nothing fau;ily use. Facts of the like kind might be liplicd, but this is sufficient, he writer leceived from a fiiend at some dis- e, about 20 years since, a few small potatoes, ich were said to be not productive, small in but of excellent quality. I planted them and nd them the best that I ever tasted. By se- ting the fairest and largest for seed, they grew m year to year gradually larger and more pro- tender plant to the hardy and "tem-est repelling" o;.'k, the marauders are making spoliations. If you think the following facts wiil add to the kicro.ising stock of entomological knowledge, and I M;.,..<'-.?|4^ir.. ../.;, 7^ 1627 are worthy of a place in the columns of the N. K".' "' '•^^ Parmer, you are at liberty to insert them in that vehicle of useful information. Last year, the cut-worms, so called, made great havoc among my young plants, such as beets, on- ions, peppers, &c. In consequence of which, I sent my young man to make diligent search for the enemy, and to put the insects into a plate of a flower pot, that 1 might know the number. Af- ter he had caught 40 or .50, he found, a little un- der the surface, a singular insect, and called me to see it. The insect was snch as I had never before observed, about ^- of an inch in length, and about J^ of an inch through the body, which was smooth and of a shining jet black. The head was small and armed with a pair of small curved horns When passing over the little unevennesses of the earth, the body moved close to the ground, like that of a snake. He discovered no fear, but by his movements much courage. The insect be- longs to the order, Optora. Not knowing whether this black fellow was friend or foe, I directed the young man to put him with the worms, to suifer the same fate with them. On being placed with the larvte, he seized with his horns, a large cut worm, perhaps ten times his own weiglit. The worm instantly appeared to be in torture, writhing one way and the other, twisting and turning, and thrashing the a-sailant in every direction — but all in vain, the worm could not disengage his enemy. However, the conflict was short — the worm ceased to struggle, and the stranger lay quiet for a short time, and then disengaged himself from the larvse. As soon hole in the body ; and I doubt not that the causi^ of death, wns that species of insect, which is the subject of this paper. R. GREEN. CABBAGES. For the first 10 years after your correspondent had become the proprietor of a garden, there was no plant that he attempted to raise, attended with so much difficulty, as that of the cabbage. The strongest manure was used, and the plants well tended, but every attempt failed of success. The main root became clumped, and tlie smaller ones full of large knots — the plants withered and died. By the direction of an old gardener a different course ivas pursued and for 20 years past has never failed, and now there is no plant that he can raise with more ease than the one above nam- ed. During the said 20 years, one kind of cab bage was principally planted — ^the seed was rais- ed from time to time, generally from large heads. The cabbage improved in size, growing larger and larger, until they grew too large for the use of a small family,"'^ and a smaller kind was substi- tuted. The method pursued was as follows. After the ground is well pulverised by the plough, dig holes which will hold about half a bushel, and from 2^ to .3 feet asunder — put into each hole about 2 qiiarts of fine old manure from the barn-yard and from one to two pints of dry ashes — draw the eart.li dug out back, and with a hoe mix or incor- porate the whole well together and leave the place a little concave. Place two plants in each hill from 6 to 8 inches apart, and when they begin * The largest hard head that was measured, was 14 inches in diameter. ;^i4 VEW ENGLAIN'O FARMER. April -27. m to interfere one with the other, remove tlie least promising. The plants should be set just before 1 shower or in the evening-, Inkinjj care not to press the earth too hard abo'jt the root.=. If the vreather be dry, tho plants oii^ht to he lightly shaded for one or two days, and perhaps a little water may be necessary. VERIT.'VS. Man-ifiM, March 7,' 1827. MULBERRY TREES. Mr Editoh — The following facts on the man- agement of Mulberry trees for Silk Worms I have gleaned from a gentleman in Mansfield, Con. in a Tate convel-sation with him. They are at your dis- posal. The trees are stripped in the neighboring towns and sold at 12 skeins to 100 pounds of leaves. The trees, at 3 or 4 years, are bent down and a stone put on the stock, leaving the top limbs to sprout, nearly every one of these becomes a tree, and may be taken up and removed the ne.\t spring. This mode affords a gain of planting the seeds, of two or three years. The stock may be cut and the tree suffered to rrow again, being cut off between the parent stock and the stone, and it will flourish agani. The mode spoken of in your forrrier paper.s has been tried, with what success is not knovvn. They are sown in beds, and cut with a sickle. It is said that in the town of Mansfield upwards of $30,000 worth of silk was manufactured, last year, which for a town of its population is a most extraordinary benefit, and is apparent in the mark- ed improvement of the country, which is more ob- servable here than in any other part. The tree delights in a warm but moist soil. The ieaves are picked dry, after the dew is otY, and they will last 24 hours after gathering. \V. Boston, Jpril-iR, 18'27. Fromihe. Xalional Intelligencer. I Italy : jessamine, Ea.st Indies ; elder tree, ] j potatoes, Brazil — these were introduced intj I land in 15G3, by Hawkins, into Ireland .Messrs. Giles & Seaton— In the Intelligcn cer of this morning, I read an account of the loss ) Walter Raleigh in 158(5 Tobaco first disi of a number of shcRp about Waterville, in the | in St Domingo in ]49(i, afterwards by. tho state of New-York, which as stated, was occasion- ed by the grub-worm making its lodgment above tho cyo of tho sheep; and that no means as yet has been discovered for its destruction. Sheep being esteemed a valuable stock, and the ^rowers of wool a valuable class of citizens, a dis- ease so destructive to that "seful animal is wor- thy notice ; and as I deem it a duty incumbent on every citizen to furnish such information when lis possession, as may conduce to the public tee« iards in Yucatan, in 1.520. It was introduced Franco by Nicot, in I. WO, introduced into E in 15;S3 prohibited to be planted there in allowed to be cultivated in Ireland 1779. [lb] NEWLY INTRODUCED VEGETABL! The Marrow Squash or Vegetable Marro the Valparaiso, introduced by Commodore Pi The former, in its native climate, Persia the Cicader. It is, Saline observes, of a goo'df foTthe benefit' oV those interested, 'l wiTl t s"'P_fiur-coIour, and abo.it 9 inches in Jei state what I know to be a fact. The oj7 of amber. " " " ""' " "'" lioill ml' ,,*!««.' .olcloll) kile li* lit si tie tlie" liilliit BUGS IN PEAS. Mr EditoIi — In the present volume of the New England Farmer, page 241, there is an account of the Pea Weevil. Mr Pitmas has given the most correct statement of the insect that I have ever .seen. He says that " ichcn the Peas are of a fit si;e to be eaten grem .... you may find [in those punctured by tho bug] a white tgg about the size of a pin head." Here the gentleman is in an error, it io not the '• egg," that is found at that time, but the larva, which may be seen to move with a good eye. The egg is very eaiall when deposited in the pea, but soon hatches, and the larva has a rapid growth ; and those who. eat the most peas, proba- bly eat the most larvai. VERITA.S. Mansfield, April 21, 1827. which may be had at most of the apothecary shops, will instantly dislodge all worms, magots, &c. — It may be applied by dipping a feather into the amber, and gently stroking tho parts afiVcted. — This remedy has proved effectual when every other application had been used in vain. Should this remedy succeed with sheep as when ap- plied to all other animals, it will be a source of much gratification to — yours, respectfully. April. 13, 1827. GEO. JOHNSON. PROSPECTS OF THE SEASON. We are informed, by our market fruiterers, thit the prospect of a fruitful season, was never more favourable. We have e.xperienced some chills, since the warm weather of last week, but we un- derstand, that the fruit buds have not received any injury in this vicinity. In Providence, con- siderable ice was formed on MonJ:iy night, and the Apricots and other fruit trees which were in blossom, were injured. In Virginia, a great a- bun'Jance of fruit is promised by the buds. They however quote au old saying " that they are noser safe against tiro frost, until the full of the moon in April." [Salem Observer.] C DURABLE BLACK INK. Galls (best) ') o?,. Sulphate of iron or green vit- riol calcined to whiteness 2.i_oz. pulverize the whole and add pure water one quart — infuse 2 days and then add 1^ oz. Gum arable, shaking it now and theu until the gum be dissolved. The powder re-xembles Walkden's British Ink-powder, and the Ink is e\cellent, grows darker after us- ing and is perhaps not inferior to any. G. PENNSYLVANIA DISTILLERIES. Duriiig the year ending March 31st, the whole ••umber of gallons of apple and rye liquor gauged in the Borough of Reading, Pennsylvania, was r),«68,315, GARDEN FRUITS, FLOWERS, &c. A recciit English publication gives us the fol- lowing account of the origin aud introduction, in- to England, of her garden fruits, &c. The dam- ask rose was introduced by Dr. Linacre, physician to Henry 8lh ; pippins, by Leonard Mascal, in 1.52.'>; currants or Corinthian grapes were brought from the Island of Zantes, and first planted in England, in 1555 ; the musk rose, and several sorts of plums, from Italy, by Cromwell ; apricots, by the s;ardener of Henry 8th ; tamarith plant, from Germany, 15G0, by Archbishop Grindall ; gilly flo'.vers. carnations, provence roses and other flowers, were planted by the Flemings, in 1567; woad was brought from France, and tulip roots from Vienna, in 1578 ; beans, peas and salads were introduced in 1060 ; Rice came from Ethio- pia ; buck wheat from Asia ; borage from Syria ; cresses from Crete ; Cauliflower from Cyprus ; asparagus from .Asia, 'rst planted in England in l(i08 ; fennel from Canary Islands; annise and parsley from Bgypt; garlic from the East; shal- lots, Siberia ; horse radish, China ; kidney beans. East Indies ; gourds Astracan ; lentils, France, cabbage, lettuce, &c. Holland ; celery, Flanders ; beans, peas, oranges &c. Spain ; gooseberries, Flanders ; hops, France ; cherries, Pontus : arti- chokes, Holland : apricots, Epirus ; apples, Syria; ranunculus, Alps ; carnations and pinks, Italy ; tube rose, Java and Ceylon ; liUy, Syria ; daffodil. useful for culinarv purpo.ses in every stage growth. The flesh has a peculiar tendernesi softness, from which circumstance it has, I pose, received its nam>=, much resembling the tery quality of the Beurre pears, and this propitltjijik* remains with it till it is full grown, when it ioitllport ed for pies. It is however in its immediate of growth that I conceive it likely to be most proved. Compared with all the o.her kinds w I had growing, its superiority was decided ; were one or two which in cooking, might bo ( sidered nearly as good, but these are bad beai and more difficult to cultivate so that I con: the vegetable marrow without a rival. [Ibi( HOW TO DESTROY CATERPILLARS ORCHARDS. riant, according to its size, from one to plants of bird-cherry, (Primus Padus ;) alt tho whole of the caterpillars and butterflies, wif in one hundred or two hundred yards, will res to that plant. The appearance of the bird cheiitj will be hideous, but the fruit trees will be safe. [IbiAJ PLANTING POTATOES. Gentlemen — As the season for planting potl- toes is approaching, and as there is a variety of opinions on that subject, the following remarks, which are the result of practical observation, in|^ not be uninteresting to some of yotir readers. Pe- tatoes should never be planted whole, whatever may be their size, as they ail produce the same number of shoots, almost invariably 5, which is too great a number to be together, in order to make a good crop. As the whole Potatue, how- ever large, or however many eyes, (or buds,) it may have, never produces moie than five shoots, which are all from the end adrerse to the stem: care should be taken that they are cut longitudin- ally, which, when halved or quartered, is likely to divide the productive buds among the several parts. One third of the stem end should first be cut off, which is without-a bud ; that will not pro- duce a shoot, but is valuable for the table or stock and of no service to the planted part. It i.-i there- fore a saving that ought never Io be omitted. — Thus prepared, the potatoes should, if planted in rows, be from 8 to 10 inches apart; if in hills, 3 or 4 pieces in each. Great care should be observ- ed not to have the trenchfs for planting deep. — Hills, in which tliey are seldom planted below the surface of the earth, generally produce the finest potatoes. — J^at. Inttl. From one of the most respectable dealers in cloths, we learn that English Cloths of the spxiri- oils or logu'ood dye, have found their way into ll.V— No. 40. i\E\V ENGLAND FARMER. 815 iirket. Tlure is no do.ibt, wc learn, tiiiit nmo from the s«mc source throiifili which uvti been heretofoie introduced into New ml Rostoii. The spurious or lotjwoiid dyed cl\pr beiiij: nriAe up and exposed to the a short litno, become of a claret, or dirty or, and o.vhibit a shabby appearance. Our mt, in order to show the ditl'crencc bo- Ihe geniiine and spurious dyes, applied, in ri>cnce, the tfst of aqun fortis to several of rlolh of each kind. The efFoet in every ce was. lliat t!-,e indigo remained unchang- lile the logwood dye was destroyed and I to B sc rlet hue. ThPse spurious cloths, he cheapness of the dye, are sold at a low but to tlie consumer they will always prove barjjain. — .V. Y. .fjmcricnn. ON THE CULTURE OF SILK. Continued frois page 306. orniing the arches of the little cabins with •ush-wood there is always a little opening at p of each pillar, occasioned by the curve or trie circle. Take care to make this opcii- .retty wide, because it his been observed, he worms make choice of that opening, by ence, to fi.K theuisclvos in making of their o(fns. In order to make this opening of the it ought to be, the brush-wood should not osether straight, hut rather crooked or bend Tliese openings are not only evidently the 3 of the worms ; but another advantaj,'e also from them, namely, that your cabi.'is by this 5 contain a greater number of worms than it sible for tliem to do when these openings 10 small ; and consequently fewer cabins will your oii^in<; are well furnished with worms, to put a basket of worms id cleared from the litter, thi.' .■I little brusii-wood in the bottom, and at the en- j litter should he instantly carried out of the roor\i, tr.ince of each cabin, os it will bo of service to ] and along with it all the dead worms you can find, such worms as fall from the brnsh-wood abovo, !in order to prevent, as far as you can, any b»d and afford them a proper convenience for making | smell from taking place in the room, which is al- ways hurtful to the worms, nothing conducing more to their health than cleanness, and prescrv ing always good air in the room. During the four ot five days winch precede the mounting, the worms eat with the most voracious their coi-nons in case they should be so stunned ^^illl the fall as to disable them from nionuting again on the branches. But to return to the treatment of the worms ilurinn- the fourth age ; as soon as you find sever- al of your worms have jot over their fourlli sick- I appetite, and in that period oonsumo an inorodibb- ness, you must pick them out and put them by , quantity of leaves, so that the supplying them themselves, tliat is, all that get over that disease I with fresh leaves, and the clearing away of the for the first two days may be put into one parcel ; litter, become at this time a must laborious, in- those of the ne.xt two days into another parcel, j cessant and fiUiguing work for those who attend and so on with the rest, that each t^epnratc parcel them. may be carried on as equally as possible. Here I must observe, that the practice in France You will know when the worms are ripe, by oh serving them with attention when you give tlieiu ;r your purpose. When the brush-wood is straight, it must necessarily occasion these ngs to be made. The brush-wood ought to ite stripped of its leaves, and pertoctly dry. in forming the cabins, you place the brush- quite upright, the worms, vrhen mount ii!g, great risk of tumbling down, of which I seen several examples ; and tho.-e worms 1 tumble down are for the most part destroy- the full. In order to avoid this inconven-^ you must make the brush-wood which forms 5ides of the arch slope a little, by which you secure much firmer footing to the IS in mounting. Besides, when you form the i, you must be at pains to cut oflfall the very slender shoots, which, when left to them- , and not properly bound in with one anoth- \c not strength suflicient to carry the wciglit ne worm, far less of several ; and which, if must for that reason always occasion the loss good many worms by their tumbling down, ove mentioned. describing the stage, it was said to be prop- 0 make the lowest shelf six inches broader the one above it, that the lowest may project e inches on each side further than the one ediatcly over it: and to make the same iliffer- of breadth in all the other shelves proirres- iy as you go up to the top of the stage, uliich e inches of breadth in the different shelves is nded to receive the worms which'may happen ill from the shelf above. And therefore these rent projections must be covered with brush- d, when once your cnbins are well furnished 1 worms, as this will help to break the fall of h worms as may happen to tumble down. And the same reason it is advisable, when once is to give none of the tender leaves, from this fresh leaves. Those that are ripe, instead of eat- time forward, to the worms, but let the whole of {ing, avoid the fresh leaves, and run over them as their food consist of the leaves of the olde?t trees ' fast as they can ; and you will observe them wan they have, which, they think has the effect to j dering about on the sides or rim of the basket. — give more consistence and strength to the silk i Vou will also know it by looking at tliem on the produced by them ; and it is proper to add, that side opposite to the light, as you will then iin0"« "^ '^^ «°""ds may have but a limited periphe- their appetite ; so that in fact, in the space o(\^V- It would do very well to scare rats out ot a twenty-four hours, the worms actually eat up a ! >'°"=e, or to settle a swarm of bees, and as such, much larger quantity of leaves than they could "'^y have been cimsen to frighten such vermin as , , , iJ^i, ■ .u I. ,■ e e .infest the State House "o nights in the second have done bv following the other practice of four ;""^^'- '■'"' ,' ,, ■ r .u t • i * .. ; , r .1 r u 1 : and third v/eek of the session ot the Ijegislatuic, or five meals a day, as none of th« fresh leaves '"'" "•""^" ",'-'' " , . r ., ., , , », '• . 1- .L „ Tit,- or it mav drown the queen bee of tlie caucus. — are spoiled by their treading upon them. This i ""^ " ui^jr uiuwi. , , r • f L . .L . *u • c 11 ' But to be in earnest, it is a poor apology lor a practice of course hastens the worms to their full """■ "' "'^ '" •^'■' ' - h i o. . , »!. I 1 1 i bell and the n-entlemeu who procured it must be maturitv, and upon the whole saves a considera- "'-"' '^"" """ ='' "■ . . >; , . . , ,, ■ . /, , c r ciatisfied that they were nusinforrapd in regard to ble quantity of leaves, because few or none of ^'"">'"^" "'"'•''"'■' ^^'^ = them arc lost amongst the litter. Besides, that "^ tone and effect. the operation .is by this means sooner brought to .^^^ remark in the columns of one of our cotera- a conclusion, and the worms always kept in 'ngh | .j^ ,he niarriage of " Col. J. M., Jr. Esq. S health and appetite by it. Upon these occasions let it be a fixed rule to feed them at night, imme- diately before going to bed, and as early as you possibly can in the morning. There is another particular to which it is prop er to pav attention, and that is, that the moment of the U. S. at M." This puts us in mind of a let- ter addressed in olden time to " Deacon Brigadier General A. B., Esq. Justice of the Peace and his Majesty's Attorney (George the 3d.) for the county of Fairfield, State of Connecticut." [Times.] •il(i NEW ENCILAND FARMER. April 27, 183 From Memoirs of the .V. Y. Board of .Is.-ricidture. i aiVord siitficient proof ut" tlie wonders produccil by la very small degree of observation and caro. THE IT.A I The general relish for the pea has iiuliiced the Is a native of the sonth of Enrope, of which, ac employment of mer_ns to have them on the table ■ording to Liiinaius, there are four species, and according to Millar, six, while other botanists re- cognize only two, {the Field and the Garden,) and some even contend, that the latter of theae is merely a variety of the former, produced by cul- tivation. What these savants better agree in is, the arrangement of the whole family into two classes — those having coriaceous pods (tough and parchment like) and those having po.!s tender and edible, like tlie pea itself. Those are again sub- divided into dwarfs and climbers, and for more practical use, into early and late peas. Of the former, in their order of ripening, the most ap- proved sorts are — the Early Frame, Early Charl- ton, and Golden Hotspur — and of the latter, in the same order, the Large Marrowfat, the While Rounsevil, the Spanish Marotto, and Large Im- perial.* The dwarfs arc generally employed in lare those exclusively employed in Prance, liot bed culture, which, however, succeeds badly, tlie year round. The methods in use, for this pur pose arc two — according to one of them, the pea is subjected to the a,ction of boiling water for two or tiiree minutes, when it is withdrawn, cooled in fresh spring water, dried in the shade, and lastly, hung lip in paper bags, in a dry and well-aired closet. The other process is later and perhaps better — according to this, t!ie poas are put into bottles, Vvhich are afterwards hermetically sealed and subjected to the action of boiling water for fifteen minutes. In both cases, the peas require boiling a second time in the ordinary way, to make them fit for the tabic ; and if preserved ac- cording to the first method, a great deal of boil- ino- — Bosc says, twenty four hours. All the va- rieties are not found to bo equally fit for this pro- cess— the Michau of Holland and the Calmart, more propitious, it req ares a change of every fourth or fifth year. All the parts- plant, but particularly the call;: of its yields an essential oil, yellow and odoroH higlily charged with camphor. In the kitcj is used as an ingredient in sauces and st and in what are tcc'mically called forced i The plant may be propagated either by .sea^ by suckers, and requires only to bo kept! from weeds or grasses. .flCili'i and is neither worth preserving nor describing, and the less so, as early crops may bo more cer- vainly iiad by sowing in the fall, in elieltercd situ- ations, and covering, during the winter, with a layer of leaves, and anotiier of long stable litter, loosely applied, to keep the leave.? in tlieir places. After the earth takes a temperature favourable to vegetation, your pea sowings should be made once a fortnight, to keep up a regular and suc- cessive supply. A loose and warm soil is most fa- vourable to this vegetable, which, by tho way, is neither improved in quality nor quantity, by sta- ble manure. Tho soil of Clichy and of Point de jour des Colombe, &c. &c. in the neigliborhood of Paris, is a pure sand, principally devoted to pea crops and yielding tiiese most abundantly, W"it!iout the application of dung, new orold. What, how- over, in their treatment is essential, are frequent hoeings and occasional watering, if tiio weather be dry, and seasonable propping for tho tall sorts, which ought to be completed by tlie time the plants get to be three or four inches high. The whole of this last description of pea requires double the room given for dwarfs. The rows in which they stand, should not therefore be less Than four feet apart, and they should grow in these, si.\ inches from each other, and their cov- ering should not e.fceed two inches, nor be less than one inch, according to the nature and ccndi- tion of the soil in wiiich they are sown. We need scarcely remark that the different varieties should be cultivated apart. Like other vegetables, the pea is susceptible of considerable improvement, and by the simple means of marking the finest plants of each variety, and keeping them for seed. Wilson's frame and the Knight pea have been formed in this way and * The Dwarf Sugar, the Divarf Spanish, and Leadman's Dwarf, may be usefully interposed be- ween these. These dwarf varieties are all excel- lent— the last perliaps more prolific than any oth- er of the family. In France, the varieties of early and late peas are different, or at least called by different names from those we have mentioned The s-erifis of botli sorts there, are — the Michau.\ of Holland, the Baron, the Blois, the Cluster, and tlie Forty-days, which are early, — and the Non Pariel, the Laurence, the Swiss, the Eul Noir, and the Calmart, which are late, THE RADISH. of this, there are two species, distin^iuished only by tho shape of their roots — that of the one, being long ; and that of the other being round. — The principal varieties of the former are, t!ie Early, the Salmon, the Scarlet, and the Large, which has no characteristic colour. Those of the latter are also distinguished by colour and si:^e — some are large, others small ; some are white, others black ; some aro ash colour, and others are pink and purple. All require a similar soil (loose and rich) and a careful, seasonable, and cleanly cultivation. The sowings of the radish, like those ofspinageand lettuce, must be frequent. "Sow every fourteen days," is the common rule, and it seems to bo a good one, and founded on tho know-n disposition of tho plant, to run promptly to seed. RHUBARB. Most of the known species of tliis plant are of Asiatic origin, but the two, which alone enter into the food of man, (the Reponticum and Undulatum) are natives of Thrace and Russia. The stalks, which arc the parts used for culinary purposes, grow to the length of twenty-four inches, and ac- quire the thickness of a man's thumb. Stripped of their outer covering, they yield a substance slightly acid, which is much admired, and employ- ed as an ingredient in the composition of puddings and tarts. Cobbet supposes, that a hundred wag- on loads of these stalks, are annually sold in the markets of London, at a shilling sterling per bunch. The rhubarb is propagated, sometimes from seeds, and oftener, from offsets from old roots. — It requires a soil, dry and rich and well-laboured. Two years are necessary to render it fit for use, but once established, it will last a century. THYME Is of a species, embracing not less than twenty varieties, but one of which (the common or culti- vated) comes within the plan of our work. This is generally found in gardens, sometimes in tufts and sometimes in rows ; but however placed, sl- w'ays growing best in poor, light, and warm soils. In those which are cold, stiff, or moist, it does not thrive, its branches become ragged, its leaves few, and its flowers and their peculiar aroma, feeble and faded. When cultivated undor circumstances ROSES. Perhaps among all the astonishing prodiii of the vegetable kingdom, there is not one! remarkable than a rose recently introduce! Europe and this country from Cliina, and tlni scribed in Loudon's Gardener's iMaga'zinc, lished in London. Rosa Grevillii, or Gre' China rose : " The shoot of this rose grew eigl feet in a few weeks, and is tho most singuli the rose tribe that ever camo under ray obsi tion. It now covers about one hnndred.i square, Viiith more than a hundred trus.'jcs of ers — some of these have more than fifty budi cluster, and the whole will average about in a truss ; so that the amount of flower but little loss than three thousand. But the moi tonisliing curiosity is t!ie variety of colours- duced on the buds at first opening — white, li blush, deepcv-blush, liglit-rcd, dark-red, si and purple, all on the same clusters. This grows in the manner of the Multiflora, but is ly known by the leaf, which is much larger more rugose than tho common Multiflora." rose lias been introduced into the United State; and we are informed that about fifty phtr.ts ait now in the possession of PJr Prince, of Lon? Is land. Among other roses peculiarly beaiitifu and of recent introduction, is tho sincle uliil Multiflora, tlic double white over-green Multiflota, or Banksian rose. Tho number of China roaes. at present cultivated in the collections at Lqnj Island, exceeds ninety varieties; and of roses of all the difterent species, tiiu number of varicfe eixeed six hundred. [N. Y. Com. Adv.] IS" TO FARMERS. A writer in one of the Dover papers state: that previously to planting his corn last year, he soaked it as he supposed in a solution of nitre. but fouud, when most of the seed was in th( ground, that through mistake ho had used Glav- her Salts. He planted four acres, the seed for two of which was in its natural state ; that for the other two was soaked in water in which hf had dissolved one pound of the salts. Discover- ing his mistake he of course felt a degree of anx- iety as to the success of his crop. The result was that the seed that was thus soaked came up three or four days before the other, and was not injured by the worms or birds, while one half of the hills on the other two acres required to be planted » second time. He then made several experiments. Some corn that had been thus leached was thrown to a hen, which made seventeen unsuccessful ef- forts to swallow if. When mixed with other corn and exposed where the worms, squirrels and birds could have access to it, he found that it remained untouched, while thp.t which had not been thus prepared was invariably destroyed. — This subject is wortfi the consideration of farmers. The ex- pense is trifling, and it is well ascertained that the salts will have no injurious efl'ects upon the seed. i pfiiiv, 'JBje . l" *r writor nlUnloil to, states also tlmt lie shall T'< ■ - Jol.V.— No. 40. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. jm , .. L • ■, , . , llADISU. |ti""' nnd .-ittentioii oftho ..-atcrs, when iMi-v ,,,nr7. season nuihe further experiments uilh the This root bcin^r liable to lu- oaton l,y uorn.g.itobo hotter employed, 'i'lic mode here rer T liqmd.iipon wheat, rye, barley, g.-irden seeds, I the Iblloa-inrr method is rocommenrled for raising i mended is also more cconomicil ■ for if n-.rt r We wish some of our friends, the farmers ! them : Take equal quantities of buckwheat bran, the potatoes should Ikll down into i I ' "> shall come to maturity. [Lowell Journal.] INK. >urs. Dig the ground over a^ain and sow the | We have been told bv adequate jud.Tcs that po . ed, and the radishes will arrow with great rapidi- , tatoes and Indian pudding should never be pu .. 1 c. p.t 1 c ,. l'-^^"'' bo n-ee from the attacks of insects. They ' into the pot or boiler till nftcr il:e not l,„, I.^Jl,. the benefit of that numerous class of siil- .viii o-m,,. „„rnmmr.nK, !.,,.-„ t> r t, . u ■ , i -i i .i . , , '.'. '■'"•'^ "'<•?"'' ""^ '"'ff«> , , ., oj- . 1 -.1 1 111- • .!.„ 8 uncommonly large. Buckwheat-bran is to hod ; and that the boiinjr ou"-ht to be mntin,. who are dally afflicted with dabbling in the !.,„ „...„n„,,f ,„„„,, ^„ „..•.„,,, , A , ■ . ■ . ..T ""o'"- ^o uc continu ,.,,.•;,., , ^V ,, i»'" e-^ccllent manure ol Itself. ed without intermission, t the iirticlrq -u-p si.ffi and mirc of bad ink, we make public the i .„ i a • . » i • ,i r ■ , . '"<= iuucKs .iie sum [Farmer's Assistant.] L.-VRGE TREE. \ poplar tree has been cut down near Lewis' Ferry on the Schuylkill, which measured 117 feet inlena-th, (> feet 0 inches in diameter at Ihe butt, and C4 feet to the lowest limb, and gave about 28 Id and mire' of bad ink, we make publ Iwing nostrum, which has saved us from n;uc Ition, anil which is worth all the quack pre- nlions that have defiled paper from the days of |h Powdered Aleppo Galls 8 ounce Logwood in thin chips 4 Sulphate of iron, (copperas) 4 Powdered gum arabic Sulphate of copper (blue vit- riol Sugar candy 1 joil the Galls and LogVv-ood together i'l twelve |nds (pints) of water for one hour— or till half j NEW ENGLAND FARMER liquid is evaporated. Strain the decoction ■ lough linen, or a hair sieve and then add the [' B08T0N, FRpAY, APRIL 27,1827 [New York Times.] ciontly cooked : otherwise they s^iy they will be what is technically called " tvaler soaked." No doubt the same principles will apply in boiling other vegetables as well as potatoes. FEEDING FOWJ IC. WITH roTATOKS. ler ingredients. POTATOES. An article headed » How In boil potatoes nicely PINS IN POULTRY. . , ^ Ivc lately republished an account of the ap- ( "'''■';<'"' waste," which gives »n?"sdirections on the (arancc of a pin gradually making its way tbro' I ^"^j'''^'- '^ now travelling in newspapers through- flesh of the breast of a little child, but which I "'^"•''® ""'""• I' was originally published iifan by many disbelieved as a thing impossible, j f"''°P"^° paper, and says " After the water has lugh some accounted for it as having been Jallowed in the food. This is uuqiiestionabl}- a |-t, and this is the rational way of accounting it : no less than three instances have occurred my own table in the course of the winter in lich pins were discovered concealed in the cks and breasts of poultry, which had been jck there to give thcni a smoother appearance, preventing the torn skin from sliowing itself. ae public are therefore put upon their guard :ainst this highly reprehensible practice. [N. Y. E. Post.] CIIAMMOMILE. A medical correspondent at Madrid lias ac- lainted a friend in Ireland with some astonish- geflects of the herb chammomile, in certain in- Lammatory disorders of the eyes, when every other pmedy usu"lly prescribed had proved abortive, hie following among many cases, wherein the octor has been concerned, is mentioned as a roof of the virtues of this salutary though eom- non herb. Maria de Macos, daughter of a master carpen- er, had for many years been afflicted with weep- ng eyes, which discharged an acrimonious fluid, hat brought on an almost total loss of sight Vlteratives were proscribed to no purpose, nor :ould a course of mercury procure the smallest .lieviation. At.lengfh he made a strong decoc- ion of chammomile, boik-d in sweet cow's milk • tith this the patient bathed her eye-- several limes 1 day, as warm as it could be suffered without neasiness, and in about five weeks her eyes were erfectly cured. [Medical Intel.] A Vineyard' has been commenced at Utreciit ,ong Island. N. Y. ' , r , T ■ " , It IS said in the Transactions of the Society ol cords of wood. It IS supposed to have been about Aris, that there is a great profit in feodin^r geese 30(1 years old. The destruction of such fine trees turkeys and fowls of evcrv sort with notat^oes and should not bo permitted. The trunk was perfectly ' meal mixed ; they will fatten in nearly half the sound, with the exception of a small spot decayed i time that they will with any kind of corn [grain! in the heart, near the grn ,nd. , or even meal by itself. The potatoes 'must be hruised^ic, while they are hot, and the meal ad- dod, when the mess is about to be given io them. PI..\KTING POTATOES. Di- Cooper says the best mode appears to be this —Choose your potatoes for planting of a moderate size, rather large than small, for there is no good reason, to be assigned for breeding from diminu- tive parents. Cut your potatoes into sets, two eyes to a sat : throw away v,-ithout hesitation into the hog trough all the inferior and diminutive eyes, choosing your sets from the middle of the potatoe.^ Do not cut the potatoes down the mid- dle. If your soil be stiff and wet, plough it in ridges ; if sandy and dry, plough it flat. Plough it deep. Plant your sets in drills marked out by the plouo-h or the hoe. The plants should be dibbled in, s1.\ inches deep, on long dung, .scattered not sparing- ly, along the drills : then covered with about 4 inches of mould. The drills should be in threes ■ a foot a- part : the plants should be 8 inches apart, with an interval, on each side of eack set of three drills, of two foot, which will admit of horse-hoeing be- tween the sets of drills, and of hand wecdin" be tweeii each drill. come nearly to boil, pour it off, and replace the I hot by cold water," &c. A writer in the Parm- er's Magazine, Scotland, has the following re- marks on this subject. " The receipt is calculat- ed not only to hoil but at t!ic same time to spoil potatoes." "The fact i.; that to render potatoes mealy they must be boila;i i:! the most expedi- tious manner possible. Pick ont the quantity to be used as nearly of an equal size as possible, let them be well washed and the skins scraped oft' as is done with carrots, taking out the eves and any earth that remains about them, with the point of a knife ; when the potatoes are large they maybe cut into two, three or four p'.eces ; throw one by one. n^ they arc done into clean water, and rinse them well about, before they are put into the boil- er. Put the scraped potatoes into a boiler that has a tight well fitted cover, with as much clean water as will barely cover them ; throw in a little salt; fit on the cover as closely as possible, for I keeping in the steam and increaging the heat, and j place the bc?ler on the hottest part of a hot fire. To have a good crop, you must not spare duno-, in order that it m"ay boil Ts ^apidfy 'as'possible'l!! 1 " V^ 7 ^^°'" '" ^'^^'''^^r- S°'ne persons prefe°r Whenever the potatoes are enough boiled, the v CI "^ ,°' five drills in,stead of three: or . .- , they must be taken oft' the fire, otherwise they will im- mediately begin to absorb the water (to the detri- ment of their mealy quality :) which being poured off, the boiler is again put upcn the fire, with the cover off to dry up the moisture ; they are then taken out with a spoon, and put in a dish for serv- ing up to table. '• Potatoes boiled in this manner, will be found perfectly clean, more mealy than when dressed whore horse hoeing is not convenient, the inter- vals may be reduced to one foot between each set of drills for the convenience of hand-weedino- ; but upon the whole, the melhod here first propo°s- ed is as good as any. Forty loads of dung per acre will pay better than a le.4s quantity. If small potatoes are wanted for feeding, the sets may be at C inches apart, and the rows at !> inches: but the method first here proposed, ad- with the skins on; besides' vrhen they come" to I «"•'' '''''^' •'" •!^^^''"'"»''.-''c<:""te weeding, and suf- the table in the last mentioned state, it is certain- °'°" ly a very disagreeable operation, taking off the snt air to circulate between the plants. luu c^nS ll ^^Tr' ; , ^ _:_i.. .u... .:„i. ... ,„,u^ <..„.l. „,.7i,f^ ' motion during the day ; and at night they sink most of them are injurious to the stotk °'.tl^= 1 („ ^ l^i„j „(• ;,3j „, 3,,%. ^ has also been ob- graft or both, and it is supposed that the injury may be attributed to pitch, tar, rosin or turpentine, which is seuerallv used in making tlie grafting 1 , • ■ '-^ ^ , •.■ a„, ;t u„^ "' i, J- _ di^!*y°' recovering its natural position alter it has I served that a plant has a power of directing its ' roots for procuring food ; and that it has a facul cement. The best composition wc are assure that recommended by Forsyth, and is as follows: '< Get a quantity of strong, fat loam (in propor- tion to the quantities of trees to be engrafted' then take some new horse been forced from it. A hop plant for instance in twisting round a pole, directs its course from j south to west as the sun does : if it be tied in the dung, and^-break it { opposite direction it dies ; [so says Rees Cyclope- among the loam ; and if you cutt little straw, or ! J'--].''"' if U be left loose m this ^^.rection 1 wiU , ^ ,,',.•' .... ,„„^ „.;hi regain its natural course in a single night. A hav, very smal, and mix among it the loam will , "=0°' ' '° . ". i;°„,;„„ .lay, VB J, , „, ;5 ,,,„„ i.„ „ „„„„ honey-suck e proceeds in a certain direction. hold together the better ; and if there be a quan- 1 "°"^y , ' till It be too proce lonw to sustain itself; it tiien ac- tity of salt added, it will prevent the loam from , . .. T 1. .■ ■„, „ ,„;„i f„,.m . 1- -r J ,i„ . ,„ „ m,.ct !,» ,vp11 JTir quires strength by shooung into a spiral term, dividinc in dry weather ; these must be well stir- 1 ~i " ■• " c .: „ „o.„„ i;.,,i , ° ., ».■ , . n,„r^ „(-,„,. ,v,-i and if It meet with anotlier plant of the same Kind, red together, putting water to them alter the ' , , , , „ / , ^„„, „„„ ,,„• , *=.','• . t I ,,1.1 ,,„ 1 „ii„,,,„,j , both these coalesce for mntiial support, one twist- manner of making mortar ; It should, be hollowed ,1 „ i^r, 1- , j-n 1 -.1. , 1 ,,„„,„,-,,,. „ti,r,v in" to the right and the other to tho lelt. like a dish, filled \vith water, and kept c. cr) othei ' o day stirred ; but it ought to be remembered th.at orchard grass. it should not be exposed to frost, or drying winds; npjijg grass, says Dr Cooporj is gradually taking- and the oftencr it is stirred and wrought the bet- ^y,^ ^^^"^ ^^ timothy [herds-grass] among the best ter." This mortar must be surrounded with a c^vmcrs about Philadelphia. It possesses this ad- winding of tow, or old cloths, to prevent the rains ; y^„[,^ge over most of the grasses, that it will flour washing it away. The scion should be covered , -^.j^ ^^ ^^^ sandy soils, and likewise i!i orchards in nearly to the top with tlii.'; mortar; and it should ^j^^ gjjgj^^ from which circumstance it derived its also e.Ntend two or three inches downwards round j,j^,^g London says this grass, if siiftcred to rise the stock. The Farmer's Assistant says " The 1^^^,^^ j^ ^.p^y coarse ; hut "fed close is a very valu- morlar should be composed of fine loam, not clay ; ^^^^ sheep pasture. It is cultivated to a great ex- because clay will contract and crack open .when j^nt^ and with astonishing success at Holkhiim. — dried." TO MAKE GINGKU BEER POWDERS. The following is taken fro.-n the Glasgow Me- manure about an inch deep over the surface of bed, having first loosened the top of the bed w a fork about three inches deep, and raked it. Upi this manure, throw a layer of earth over the hi out of the paths, and break it fine at the time. Continue this management every succeeding yei When the bed becomes too high by the const addition of dung, &c. part of the earth may IB 1 pared ofi'inthe spring before the plants shoot, al the bed covered again wit!i a thin compost of n ten dung." If the season be dry, it is advised to water beds with the drainings of n dung hill, once twice a week : leaving them somewhat hollow the centre for the better Vetention of the water rain. Beans. — White kidney bcnns are often a profit able crop for field culture. They require dry lam Poor sandy soils or gravelly lomi will produci them, liut in such case they should be wet, ai rolled in plaster before planting. They can planted in hills or drills, the rows two and a- hal or three feet apart, according to tho strength the soil. The time of planting is the same ai Indian corn. Hog's dung, mixed with ashes i- said to he the best manure for bcane. The hiUi sho'.'.ld be from fourteen to twenty four inches % part, according to the soil, being planted thickesl on the poorest soil. Five beans are as many ai should be allowed to remain in a hill dUlke'P (jplsitei letsl"*'' jiiiito The quantity of sheep kept npon it, summer and winter, is quite surprising; aad the land becomes renovated by laying two or three years under this chanic's Ma'^azhie — Take 5 scruples of Ibafsu- arass, and enriched by the manure derived fron I? gar, powdered, 5 grains ginger, 25 grains sub- carbon ite of soda ; mix and (M in a blue paper. Then take 30 grains tartaric acid, powdered. — Fold this in while paper for distinction. Thsy are sufficient to make half a pint. TO MAKB SPRVCr. BEER. The following recipe is from the sarre work — Put four gallons of boiling water into a tub or catk with four ;;al!ons of co! you will get the proper degree "ei^ht pounds of treacle, and two or three table spoonsful of the essence nf spruce : stir the-je thoroughly together, and add a quarter of a pint nf good yeast. It is now to be kept in a tempe- rate situation till the ferment-iticn is somewhat abated, {which will be in about 48 hours,) and then, bottled oiT, when in two days it will he fit for use. TO PliOPt'Cr. EARLY CAEBAOF.S. A writer in the Domestic Encyclopedia, gives the following method to produce early, cabbages : In the spring, as soon us the sprouts on the c:ib- . , , ba-e-stulks have grown to the leng'th of a plant 1 thinned they vy. fit for setting, cut them out with a = "•■" -'-'' nfi stood close. i the sheep. A field, in the park at Woburn. was laid down in two equ .1 parts, one part with rye- grass and white clover, and the other part with C'.ck's-foot and red clover : from the spring till midsummer, the sheep kept almost constantly on the rye-grass ; but after that time they left it, and adhered w'nh equal constancy to the orchard grass durinir the remainder of the season. In The Code water into a lUD ."■- j „_y-.,,^„-,„„,„.., (p. 497. third edit.) it i.s stated that 0. water, by * "7: Sinclair, of Woburn, considers " no grass so well .eof heat; thenaddl^^^.^^j for all purposes as thi.s ;" and in the second edition of H. Gramineus ff'ohurnensis, it is observed, that if one species only is thought pref- erable to another in the alternate h-.sbandry, that species n the Dactylis glnmerata, from its more numerous merits." SPRING WORK. Asparagus. — Look to your asparagus beds, and as soon as the plants are well above ground, thin them so that they may stand 111 or 12 inches asun- der in the rows, the rows being a foot apart. The American Gardener says if the plants are thus U be four times as strong as if they 'he last edition of Dcine's Farmer ,n»II AORICULTCBAI. ADDRESSES. We have received the Addresses of Rev. M: Goodrich, and Hon. Mark Doolittle, delivered lasi fall. They are able productions, replete with sound sense'; and observations which the attentive and industrious farmer may turn to practical purpii«o,< of value in his occupation. We shall give the whole or a part of these productions in the rolnlinn with which we hope to diversify our columns. NIGHT LAMP. We have been much pleased in examining the newly invented JVight Lamp, manufactured at Philadelphia. The economy and safety of these render them superior to any common tapers hith- erto in use. From experiments, it is found thai they will not consume more than a pint of oil a month, when used only in the night. Their safety consists in not having any sparks from tha blu/.e. Th.'ir usefulness, and moderate price, (IlJ^cts) render them an object of importante. They may be had of E. Wight, drug.r^ist, -Milk street, oppo.site Federal street. HOPS. Farmers are turning their attention to the cul- ture of hops. The general use of beer has created a demand for hops and barley. It is a curious fact, that there was a petition before tJie Englisli Parlia'ment in 14'28, for the extermination of Hops, from the country, for being "wicked weeds," [Salem Observer.] V._No. 10. NEW ENGLAND 1 ARiVlEK. 319 PATENI' LAMP BOILERS. ese verj' useful implcmciits t'liniish the ncat- d most economical iiictliod of boiling' water all qii.-iiititios, (say from a pint or less to 5 wi'iich has ever been invented. They are ^ :nlaily useful for dni joists, and have been iHsed, used and recommended in writing, by y all the Hpothecarics in Boston. The imple- may be bouslit, and the manner of using .xplained, at the following places, viz. Of- f the New Ensrlann Fanner, No. fil North l||ct street : Joseph Kidder, druirgist, corner t' tincver and Court streets ; Kbenexcr Wight, rist, Milk street, opposite Federal street ; ;rd .\. Newell, druggist. Summer sireet, and am Howe, Tin-plate worker. No. 7 March- reet, who alone has a right under the patent nufacture said boilers. i idiiKr L;/ccum. — A quarterly e.xaraination of iaruiner Lyceum was iield on Tuesday last, number of students is about forty. It is sta- iQt Mr Hale the principal, who is appointed office in Dartmouth College, will not resign iperenteudence of the Lyceum until August Further supplj/ ofSfeits. Just received at thi> New England ranncr olfici', No. ,')2 North Market slrttt, liosloii, a lurthiT supply ol Gardin and fit^Ul Seeds, which makes the assorlnieiit I'V far the laijjesl and be-t in IJostoii, among which wiil he lumul, Madeira head, cabbage Melon, t^arolina, water, ' green citron ' pine apple ' nutmeg ' canteloupo early china dw'f j Marjoram, sweet rob roy > Matis^el viirtzel marrow J A'asturtlon quakor i Oniim, silver skin white bush i ' red and white Dutch case knife j Parsley, curled large Lima pole Parsnip, large swellinn- Windsor < Peas, early frame ^'hparagua, Artichoke, Beet, earlv turnip, • blood ' .sugar Beans, bush cranberry pole cranberry BRIGHTON MARKET, April 23. eves 170, (including 6 unsold last week) — from S'l.oO to iS'o.'i i per c*'t. Cows with s, 2r>, dull. 7 pair of working oxen — no sales, hcep or swine at market. Patriot. early charlton Dwarf imperial MarrowfatjSuperior 5 ' tall sugar S ' green imperial < Peppers, squash ; ' cayenne '■ Pumkpins, finest family sowing Grass Seed — It is a bad system to ;eeds of difft-rent plants' before sowing them der to have the fewer casts. It is better to 3ach sort separately', for the e.xpence of going ■al times over the ground is nothing, com- J to the benefit of having each sort equally ibuted. The seeds of grass being so ligJit- it never to be sown in a windy day, except lachinery, an equal delivery being a point of t consequence. \Vet weather ought likewise ; avoided, ns the least degree of poaching is ious. Grass seeds ought to be v/cU harrov.'ed, rding to the nature of the soil, — Loudon. :eding Flax by Sheep. — Loudon states that in land a crop offld.v is sometimes weeded by mg sheep at large into the field. They will aste the young flax plants, but tliey carefully ch for the weeds, whicli they devour. '■ten Peas, &c. — On the morning of the 20th, sn Peas were in our market, and we were in- led, by a gentleman of this vii.inity, that he theui on his table fifteen days ago. One of neighbors also had new potatoes on his table .crJciy, some of which were nearly as large as n's egg. [Pensacola paper, 23d ult.] appears they have in England lines of bag- •e Stages, which go with equal rapidity as ;e with passengers. They ore called Vans, carry such loads as do not affect the speed. — 3Ugh this mode is the most expensive, it is ferred by many for its great expedition. . Steam boat of 100 horse power is now build- al Marseillns, to be employed in taking ves^-els of the basin during a contrary wind, and for purpose of assisting vessels in distress on tlie St. ' thousand fold ' white kidney Broroli, white & purple Bnlm, lemon Oahbage, early York ' early battersea ' early sugarloaf ' green savoy red, for pickling i Radish, scarlet ' Drumhead j ' salmon Carrot, altringham ? ' white turnip ' orang-e & horn ? Ruta baga. Celery, red and white I Spinach, round, prickly, Cucumber, early & long ] Squash, early bush ' small girkin, ? ' Com. Porter's (a fine West India, for , ' crook neck pickles.) i ' marrow Catd!fower,eaTly &, late ? Sage Cress, curled, peppergr's i Salsafy,\cgeta.h\e oyster Endive, green curled, ; Savory Thyme Egg plant, purple i Tomatoes Kale, sea f Turnip, early Dutch Leitnce, early Silesia ' ' French ' green coss j ' large Norfolk ' grand admiral \ ' white stone ' tennisball > ' common field Likewise, 300 papers various Flower Seeds. lOO bushels of MILLET, of a superior quality. Gentlemen in want of this article are requested to call and examine it. 20 lbs. White Onion seed, of last yeur's growth. 100 lbs. Mangel Wurtzel and Sugar Beet. 100 lbs. Lucerne. White honeysuckle Clover. Fine Family Pumpkins. A few small boxes of Garden Seeds, assorted for family use. Each box contains forty-five dif- ferent kinds, including Peas, Beans, Sweet Pot Herbs, and every vegetable usually raised in a Kitchen Garden. Price $5,00 per box. Orchard Grass Seed. A few bushels of Foul Meadow Grass Seed. Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. 'Yellow Locust seed. White Mulberry do. Commodore Porter's A''alparsiso Squash, (intro- duced by Commodore Porter, on his return from the South Seas, grows large, and is a delicate and fine Squash.) In piocuring the above lot of seeds, no expense has been spared to get them of the very first qual- ity ; most of them have been proved in flower pots, and may now be seen growing. Subscription for Vine Stock for the Finest Table Crapes, ANDHnW ruiMFCNTIKK, at ll,c IJorti- cuUural G.irden, Drooklyn, corner of the Jamaica and Flalbush mad, two miles from ^__^__^ New York, \,ii\hig birn urged by several j lovers ol (he vine to propose setis of the best kind for I sale by subscription, oilers to the I'uhlic sells of a doz- } en vines, with gDod routs ol the most select and choic- I est grapes for the table ; many of which are quite new I in (his country, and all of which will ripen perfectly in I any situation either in town or country. 1 JVames of the Twelve Sorts. \ 1. White Chasselas, with large fruit ' 2. Chasselas of Fontainebleau, near Paris I 3. Yellow Chasselas of Thoniery, near Pari; i 4. Golden Chasselas, the real genuine 5. Musk Chasselas j 6. Chasselas, with >cry large black fruit 7. Red Chasselass i 8. White Muscat, or black Constantia I 9. Red Muscat , 10. Black M.israt, or Mack Constantia I II. Black Orleans, hears very well (he frost j \2. Black Gaaiet, yields a second crop of blossoms , :ind fruit when the first are frozen. I Nos 1 1 and 12 are as fine for vineyards as for the ta- I ble, the fruit is not so exe-elleut as that of the preced- I ing kinds, hut is equally valuable on account of the certainly of a large crop annually. The subsci ibers will receive their vines in the course of (lie present month. Mess John T. Boyd & Co. 137 Broadway, New York, arc empowered to receive the subscriptions. Price Kight Dollars; gentlemen becoming subscribers, are solicited to give their address with care to avoid mis- takes, 'Che subscription receipt will be arconipanied by di- rections on the best mode of cultivation, planting and pruning the vine. Ihe same sort of vines may be had separately, price due Dollar, exre|it No. 4, Golden Chasselas, the gen- uine, which is Two Dollars. Communications for the above and subscriptions to his estabJishuient post paid punctually attended to. References, Ur. David Hosack, President of the Horticultural Society, Dr. Pasealis, President of the Linna;an Society, Dr. .Mc.Neven. Dr Mitchell and Dr. Stevenson. ' Ap""ril 27. fVhite Mulberry and Woad Seed. George Murdock, No 14 Market Square, has re- ceived a quantity of the above named seed, of the last years growth, and of a superior quality, to sell by the quantity or at retail. Also a general assortment of Garden Seeds. 6w. E. PUTNAM No 12 Washington Street, has for sale. Watches, Jewelry, Combs, Fancy Goods, Gold Beads and Silver Spoons, (warranted) which he will sell low for cash. FESSKNDEN & ANDltEWS, at their Forge & Iron Foundry rI Billerica Mills, manufacture Cast Irot Ploughs, all sizes of the best stamp. They are light and strong, make the best work, highly extolled when j tried, and are for good farmers, who wish " to speed the ploiis;b" to their o%vn satisfaction, worth having. — I Orders to them or left at J. P. Fessenden's, Portland i street, Boston, will meet promj)! attention. J. Sf A. Fales' Patent Hoes, I Constantly for sale by French ii Weld, 31 & 3'J South Market street, sole agents for vt nding the same. I April 13. AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE. '.J\fo. ^2 .Vorlh Market street, (Up stairs) opposite I the north side of Fanueil Hall. Improved r'yliudrical Corn Sheller which has-been I sufficiently proved to be considered the best machine I for the purpose yet invented. — Jones' common ditto. I A great variety of Hay and Straw Cutting I\Iachines — among which are Willis's Horizontal and Vertical (ones — SafTord's large and sniull size ditto— Fastman's (ditta. with side geaiinj'. 320 lEW" Ei\GLAN]> FAUxMEK April ri7. 1S'27J BaSSGS2:.2i AS? IS yon arc tlic most impudent, barefaced, scoundrel 1 of tin impostor I ever net with ! George Faulkner MISERIES or HL'.MAN LIFE. I is a plain sober citi.cn, and wouli! never trick To wake up in the ni^ht with sensations of great j himself out in lace and other fopperies. Get you thirst, but with too much languor to go for water. In shaving, let the edge of the razor slip through the skin, the blood running more freely as your innpatience to go to dinner or upon your other ur- gent business incrcasps. In carving- a turkey, to make a " mis-go," and splash the gravy all over the table. you rascal, or I will immediately send you to the House of Correction." Away \.cnt George as fast as he could, and having changed his dress, returned instantly to the Deanery, where be was received with the greatest cordiality. " My friend, George," says the Dean, " I am fjlad to see yon returned safe Not to be able to laugh at a story when all the f^^m London. Why, here has been an impudent rest are laughing violently. — [And sometimes i fgHg^y ^yjth me just now, dressed in a laced waist- 'angh at tbe wrong part of the story.] goat, and he would fain pass himself oft' for you. To return your best complaisance to a salutation |j„(. j go„j, ggnj \^^^ away with a flea in hi:; ear." which you find, on looking round, was directed to; another per.?on. ' j Printers' Blunders.- — The .V. Hampshire Senti- In pulling on a stiff boot, to break one of the : nfi makes governor Morril, in his proclamation, straps just before the heel slips into its place. 1 say, ' Man is a moral and unaccountable being.' To be told the same story twenty times over by ; This is rather anew reading of the phrase, thougli ■Jie same person, on the presumption that you nov- \ we must confess, some men are very unaccounta- er heard it before. ' ble beings. Further on, the people are instructed When you are walking very deliberately in the to implore a continuance of ' tnils and religious dark, to step one foot much lower than you intend- principles.' This, we suppose, must be done on ed, giving you an uncomfortable jog in the back i Pope's principle, that all partial evil is universal and teeth. 'good. If these expressions are according to ropy To make a large blot upon your letter just as , we can only say, that the governor is a Morril yon have finished writing it. and unaccountable being : if not, we think the In endeavouring to write witty obsenations, to: printer should be accountable. [Bangor Reg.] feel e.xtremelv doubtful how far you have succeed- j ^ e j_ " I Horses. — Upwards of one hundred horses suita- . ble for an eastern market, have already gone .Idvicc to Domestics — I. Instead of placing wood | f^.^^ this county, for sale, the present season. — and kindling stuffaround the fire place over night, q^,j falters appear to have turned their attention never begin to split, nor bring wood out nfa damp jo the raisin.? of good horses latterly, more than cellar until morning ; especially if it be cold stor- iid-ntofore— in-which we are confident they will my weather. This ^ives you an apportunity to try (jpfi^.g g^eat advantage — as it is equally as easy the temper arid patience of your employers, be- j to raise a good horse as a bad one. sides a long morning's exercise in smoke, under j [Mercer Press.] vollies of scoldings, and all the time your wages I'oinn- on. I Mr Parraentiei-, at Long Island, New York, has ° 2. °Be sure to make your tinder in the lindor- ' advertised 800 varieties of Hose Bushes. box ; it not only unsolders it, but gives you a ^,^^ g^.^^^. ^j. ^^^ Charleston Courier wa.s, on BcUfounder. The Norfolk trolt'>r, i.i.portfd July lE22from Eng to s'and this season, lS'i7, at Iwi-nty doilar? dollar the groniii — the :nom-y lo he ])aid to tlie gil Tills celebrated horse is a bright liny, v.ith I legs, standins; 15 hands liijh ; his superior bloody nietry, and action excel cAery other trolling StS He is allowed by the best Judges in Norfolic to b| fastest and best bred Horse ever sent out of that ty. lie has proved hiDiself a sure foal getter, a Slork for size and sulistaiice are not lo be surpa^ Ihev are selling at the highest prices of any Ilo Norfolk. Rellfounder was got hv that well known fast^ high formed Trotter, Old'Hellfounder, out of VeliJ which trotted on the .\orwich r.jad ia lfit)6 Sii miles in one hour, and tho' she broke 15 limes gallop, and as oflin luinid round won hrr match^ iSOt) she trolled licfnl!/-eigfil miles in one hour aij minutes, and has also done .".iiiny other great perfi ances against tiuie. Bellfoiinder at five years old trotted Tjio nu| Six nttnules and in the following year was niatche 200 guineas to trot JV7jie miles in TInrlyminnIr h- won easily hjTwenlij-licn seeondx. Ilis Oy shortly after challenged to porform with him Scren mdi'S and a half in one hour, bul il vas not nccepti He has since i-ever li^en saddled or malched. Old Belifounder was a true descendant from the ( nal blood of the Fireawar/s, which breed of H stands iiiirival'd. either in this or any oilier Nalii Belifounder is strongly recommended lo Ibe publid the subscriber as combining more usehil proprieties j any other Horse in America ; and will stand du the season, at bis stable in Charleslown, where alf onirics, post paid, will be attended lo. i^Wnir.L JAQURS. the chance to go to the shop and buy a new one. 3. Never fill your lamps until the dusk of even- ""' ing ; it gives the lamps a new polish with spilt oil, and leaves your hands in a siveet picjde. 4. Always trim your lamps sO'^TH^fe 'aisc a stream of lampblack, at least six indiesTPSti'c tlie blaze ; this not .p,aly adds to the looks of fur ( h Ibleo! loiiiili! Iglliet 10th inst. presented with two strawberries, measuring in circumference 4 inches. The Frankfort (Ken.) Argus of the 4th inst. contains an advertisement, offering a reward of two hundred dollars for the apprehension of Ewing IJogan, who had murdered John >■. ells. In the nitiire in the room, biit has a peculiar effect on the description of Hogan, one item is worthy of no- lungs of the company. tico — " a part of his nose has been bitten off." .". Stay out very late at night, and never rise in Passengers are carried from New York to Bos- : !ic nyi-ning until you are called for. , ton, in the Union Line for $7,50— so that the Dean Swift was ti great enemy to extravagance ' "'hole fare from Philadelphia to Boston, is now in dress, and particularly to that destructive os- , S10,J0. tentation of the middlingclasscs, which leads them j .In Extract.— K of two fruits one was to he an- aJtenXd to. to make their appearance above their education in, nihilated, which would you be most willing to life. Of his mode of reproving this folly in those j spare, the Orange or Apple ? — of two Minerals, persons for whom he had an esteem, the following i Gold or Iron ? — of two Stones, the Diamond or instance has been recorded. When George Mill-stone ? — of two Liquids, Wine or Water ? ['aulkner, the printer, returned from London, THF. ADMIRAL. The J^uhscriher informs who arc desirojs of improving by Ibis fine imported imal, thai he will be kept on Ibe farm of John >V< sq. Dorchester, near the Rev. Dr Codman's meej House, till further nclice. Terms three dollars. Apply to A. GRF.CNVVOOD ou said fais lamffim Feb. 1| Rose Bushes If Grape Vines. For sale a( the house of Samuel Downer, iu Dor* ler— 80 Hundred Leaf Rose Rushes— 90 do. ProVJ or Cabbage — 10 Four Seasons do — 300 Damask 30 Burgundy do— 6 Austrian do— 25 .Marble d( 'i'uscany do — 100 French do — 8 Lagerstoseinia Ini or Crape Myrtle— 2('0 Grape Vines, (white Water)— Snow Ball Bushes— while Liljif s- n d, iffiii' white Lilacs — 50 gallons double and single disliUJil Rose Water, made from all damask roses. April t).; An Imported Bull for Sale. A full blood bull of Ihe North Devon breed, w ill bii years old in May next, will be so d at a reasoiialde rail or let on shares for one or two ytars lo any po^^on wft may be well recommended. He is a superior a uinial— dark red — as Ibis breed always is — therefore ( asilj matched for working cattle ; In ing the most aciiye it Fngland for labour — also excellent for beef and mill He is now at -Sandwich, N. H. and may he had tbe 111 of May A letter to the subscriber (post paid) vill b« JOH.N rRl.NCK. Roxbury, Mass. 20 March 182*. where he had been soliciting subscriptions for his edition of tho Dean's works, he went to pay his respects to him, dossed in a laced waistcoat, a bag wig, and other fopperies. Snift received him with tho same ceremony as if ho had been a stran- The town of Barrington, R. I. had no tax last vear. Its whole expenditure was less than 5 cents a day, for supporting one pauper. A letter received in Washington from London, ger. "And pray. Sir," said he, what are your 'says, "Samuel Williams, the great American commands, with me?" " I thought it my duty, I merchant, No. 13 Finsbury square, Loudon, is in Sir," replied George, " to wait upon you imniedi- , first credit, and will, in a tew years, he enabled to ately on my arrival from London." "Pray, Sir, ' gratify the first wish of his heart, pay everyone who arc yon ?" " George Faulkner, the printer, ! who lost by his. bankruptcy. He lost a superior Sir." " You George Faulkner, the printer ! why ' fortune by ill luck, but never his good name." Alhim and Rejined Salt Petrc. constantly for sale in lots to suit purchasers COPEL.iNU, jr. -No. 05 Broad Street. Gunpowder for sporting — shipping — or blasting rocks, at the \ovn price?, and in such'Tiuanlities (wholesale and retail), may be required. Shoil — Balls — Flints — and — Percussion Cap of the best qualit\ at wholesale and retail. Roman Vitriol j of a superior qi^ality, for sale as above by Ihe ca=k # larger quantity. 3m Mri.^-cli C* The Farmer is publisheil every Friday, at $2 annum, if paid in advance. :'iO pti ,11 NEW ENGLAND FARMER Jj Piiblis Published by Jobs B. Rcssei.i. at Xo. 53 North Market Street, (opposite Panucil Hall) Thomas G. Fessekdek, Editor. BCSTON, FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1827. No. 41. HORTICULTURE. To the Editor of the American Farmer. Tlic only account of Iho culture and nmuagc- ' ment of the Corinthian taisin that I have mot with, I was published at the close of tho last century, in I a work entitled n "I'iew of ike Commerce of Greece thy Felix Bcnvjovr, late French Consul in that [country." The memoir appeared to be very cir- j cumstanlial, and from which I took copious niin IXTHIAN GRAPE, OR ZANTE CUR RANT. Brighton, ith .Ipril, 18^7. ir. Sir, — As the attention of the public j utes, merely for my own information; but as more to be directed to the culture of the m'ne. jthan twenty-five years have elapsed, I do not re- ps you may deem it useful to offer to their i collect that the extracts were literal, though I am pecies or variety called the gra^ie q/j sure they are correct in substance. 1h, that affords the Corinthian raisins, com- Wheeler, in his Travels in the Levant, has men- denominated Zanie currants, which it is tioned the Corinthian vine — Viiis Corinthiaca, ot blc may be cultivated in some sections of ountry, to as much or more profit for raisins, other descriptions for loine. 3 well known that the Corinthian raisiu, or ; currant, occi:pies an important station a- the ingredients of those pleasant amalgams. Puddings and Minced Pies, and as a number riotic farmers are laudably engaged in breed- short horns, Devons and Herefords, at the time improving native stock, "our country- v.-ill soon be enabled to cat as s'ood roasl cepyrena ; a shrub that rises only from four to five feet. Consequently, lower than other vines culti- vated in France or elsewhere, but is thicker, more »\oody, and puts forth more roots and .1 greater number of shoots, its leaves are larger, more obtuse less indented, of a more delicate green at the top and puler at the bottom. It is denominated by Linnaeus \he small Corinllnan grape -^uva passu viinima, or passula Corinthica. The berries are similoTr to those of the currant ; they are first green, then of a deep red, and when tipe of a is yi^/iji iiu//, and as we ought to follow the | dark purple, and not unlike, in appearance, to examples of our parent country, it is dc- e to have plum puddings in as great perfec- also ; but this- the accomplished housewife ell you is impracticable, unless she can have mniand a due portion of Corinthian raisins. The common vines in France, nnd most other countries, prefer a south-eastern aspect, and hillt or slopes ; on the contrary, the Corinthian suc- ceeds best on plains, and open to tho west. Ii prefers the vicinity of the sea, and does not suc- ceed on mountains. The vineyards on the de- lightful banks of the Alphcus wore in a languish- ing state ; which was attributed to their being sur- rounded with mountains, that intercepted the ma- rine vapour ; and what rendered the conjecture probable, they succeeded better on the neighbor- ing plains of the ancient Elis. The management of the Corinthian does not dif- fer essentially from that of the common vine : some of the processes, however, are rather pecu- liar, and resemble those pointed out by Columella, ■2(100 years ago. The ground for a vineyard is pre- pared'in the'fall, and the planting commences in .Tanuary. The field is laid out in squaresof six- feet ; at the intersection of each, two cuttings or slips, which are preferred to layers, are deposited in a trench, a foot and a half apart, in a sloping position from each other, with two eyes only above the surface. The plants undergo a severe prun- ing, and show fruit the fourth year, but are not suflered to boar many till the seventh, and do not arrive to full bearing till the twelfth year ; and it well manat'cd will last more than a hundred years. those of the eld^r. It is sweet to the taste, but when fresh, iias an agreeable acidity. As it has fewer seeds, and is more juicy than the common CTLpe, it is admired by the amateurs of fruit, who eat it by hunches and crusi^ the seeds between are also said to be a very necessary ingredi- ' tl;eir -teeth. ^ nthe composition of that indispensable articleJ ,Tho first grapes of Corinth that appeared in tlie j success ; and was in hopes, in that way, to enrich iug cake, which will probably continue to be" great marts of Europe, were brought, at the be- Iho country U.iit produced t^faondcc — observing. isk dem-ind, even should the project for tax- ginning of the seventeenth century, from the Gulf M. Beaujour was cultivating a vineyard at his country retreat at Pella,\v\W\ every prospect of bachelors be '-indefinitely postponed," and litis considered that all of this species of that is constimed in the world, is at the ;nt time the product of a few small islands in onian sea, and almost the entire crop engross- y British and Italian agents and factors — a ! portion only reaching this country, usually ly seasoned with gravel, it is evident thai : can come in contact with the palates of our erous and rapidly increasing population. It is, efore a desideratum, that an abundant supply lid be produced on our own soil, t"iee from rogeneous substances. To promote the in- uction of the plants and elicit experiments in cultivation, I know of no one whose efficiency be more relied on, and to whom his fellow ;ens will look with so much hope and centi- me, as to the Editor of the American Farmer. is doubtful whether a single plant of the true inthian vine has ever been cultivated in the ted States. About thirty years affo, I was at at pains to procure some from JVaples and Leg- n, but without eft'i ct ; though I found no diffi- .y in obtaining choice varieties of Italian vines, order to one of the most eminent nurserymen ho neighbourhood of London, met with no bet- success ; and I am inclined to believe it \vas then cultivated in England^as Speechly. in his nirable treatise on the culture of the vine, who imera4es more than a hundred marked viirie ies luingin the hot houses and vineries belnnaing the Duke of Portland, which he had collected der the most favourable circumstances from all Irts of the woild, makes no mention of it. of Corinth, and hence were called Corinthian rais ins. They were cultivated on all the hills about Corinth, which, from the centre of the isthmus, slope gradually towards the two seas, and on which, out of all the ancient groves, there only remained in 1798, those fine clumps of cypress that shelter- ed Diogenes while he was basking, in the finest sun that ever shone, when Alexander came to dis- turb him. M. Beaujour had not been able to ascertain whether Che Corinthian was a variety of the com- mon grape, or constituted a distinct species. One fact he was sure of, that it was not indigenous in the Morea. No writer, before the 17th century, has mentioned it ; and from the researches he had made in Greece and in the Ionian isles, it ap- peared that the Corinthian grape was introduced into the Morea from Naxia, (ancient JVaros) about the year loc'O ; although the plant was not to be tound in that island of the Archipelago when he resided in Greece. It had also disappeared from the country about Corinth, although it was cer- tainly cultivated there when in possession of the Venitians. At the period he wrote (1798) the cul- ture was confined to the territories of the Morea ind the Ionian islands ; but. he was of the opinion it might be introduced with success into othei countiies of the south of Europe. He says the soil best adapted to this plant, is dry, light, fria- ble and flinty ; it does not like a moist, close and heavy earth. The analysis which he made on diflferent soils, in various parts of the Morea, gave from eight parts, five of flinty earth, two and an Aa!/ of clay, and one half of calcareous earth. — that if hedid not eat all the grapes himself, or convert them into raisins, he might at least have the pleasure of seeing them taken away by the descendants of Antioclius and Seleucus, who cer- tainly could have no idea of the icondo.rful fortune of their ancestors, when they came in tatters and with naked feet, to sport and play in his fields. No manure was used in the Morea ; but in Zan te, where the Corinthian vine is much better culti vated, manure is supplied in trenches, as in France. The husks of common grapes, and a mixture ot salt and ashes had been used with great success. In some vineyards jorop.v were used, but generally the vines were suffered to ramble and support each other. The crop begins to ripen about the 1st of August but the harvest is not completed till about the mid- dle of September. A floor is prepared in the mid- dle, or at the extremities of the vineyard, similar to the ancient threshing floor, but in a sloping di- rection, to permit the water that may fall, to run off, and is formed with strong loam rammed hard, and covered with a mastic, consisting of bullock's blood and other substances, which makes a firm varnish, and prevents any of the earth from mix- ing with the fruit, which is gathered by women and children, btought to the floor in baskets, and laid on bunch by bunch over it, and turned every day. In fine weather, the raisins are cured in eight or ten days ; but in a wet season, are some- times out twenty or thirty days ; and when the rains are heavy and of long duration, the gather- ing is much lessened in value, if not lost. When the fruit is sufficiently dry, it is separated from the stalks by small rakes, and being cleared froiu t322 x\EW ENGLAND FARMER. May 4. 1827. . -;j41 all extraneoos sub^ces, conveyed lo the raaga-j fourteen inchog of .o,7_in this plant as many d.st.ngu.shed benefactor to h,s spec.es, the Uu z ir the onstrllion of which is not nnlike a vines as it will hold, without crowding too much, Dr John toakley Lettsom, of London. !i,ne:kiln, having an opening at the top, into which | and let the earth be well settled about theu roots ^^ ^ the fruit is put, and a door at the bottom, opened by shulcng and vvatenng ; saw out two staves an i }^ii . only at the time of sale. The fruit being poured inch above the surface of the earth on each side in above, is occasionally rammed down, and with of t!,e barrel, extending to the chino hoops, o the pressure by its own weight, a viscous liq emitted that unites tlie whole muss so closely, that iron bars are used to breal; it up to pack it in casks, and it is then trod down firm, in order to exclude the air. The medium quantity of Corinthian raisins An- nually produced in the Morea, viz : the districts of Patras, (that port being the chief marl for ex- portation,) the coasts of Achaia and j'Etolia, with a few other districts, including Missolongi, was estimated about 30 years since, at ten millions pi pounds weight, and the sales at fra'.'.'l millions ; five parts of wbicli went to Great Britain, and the other three principally to Holland and the nortli of Europe ; and were sold at a little more than three pence sterling- per lb. on board, free of all e.\pens- es and duties which were enormous, and often double the amount of the first purcha. to have such pernicious and destructive conse- cnerally diminishes their strength greatly ; I quences. One may allege that this last practice lose which you then plsce upon the brush- ' occasions an additional trouble, but the answer is should be covered over with a piece of pa- i obvious, that by this method a great number of o which they attach the threads of silk to | worms are preserved, which are utterly lost by their cocoons steady. You may also place following the other practice of putting the worms of the weak worms in papers, made up in I of a whole basket at once into the cabins; and irm of a cone or sugar loaf, in which they i consequently the quantity of silk produced is con- siderably increased, which does more than repay that additinal trouble tenfold. In putting the ripe worms into the cabins, take care to place them first of all in the middle of the cabins, that the middle may be well furnished with worms before you place any at the sides. — Should you begin first with the sides, or outward ends of the cabins, you will find it extremely difficult to supply the middle of tlie cabins with worms, without disturbing and even destroying some of tliose which arc mounting on the sides, in reaching in with your hand towards the mid- dle. (To be continued.) nake tlieir cocoons extremely well. !at attention must also be paid to visit care- from time to time all the different cabins,\in to remove immediately all diseased and dead s ; because the lost, if left, will presently . and occasion a bad smell in the rooi«, which 1 particularly annoy the worms which are at in making their cocoons in the same cabin ; he diseased ones would infect the others :i are sound. 'len it is observed that a great proportion of ."orms of tli^ same basket are ripe, and that are wandering about in quest of the brush- !, the common practice has been to place the e worms of that basket at once into the cab- It appears Savannah can be supplied with fresh water through Aqueducts for §50,000. STRAW HON NETS. " Straw bonnets, as they are made in New Eng- land, are a most beautiful and valuable article oi dress. They are faliricatod in large quantities foi c.vportation to the Soullirru iiiul Middle States, by the females of Rhode Island, and those parts ol Connecticut and Massachusetts which adjoin it. Formerly, the straw was split, flattened by u ho' iron, and pasted upon cloth or paper. The plate, thus formed, was cut into patterns, and made up and trimmed with ribbons. This was not a very durable fabric, and was therefore little esteemed. The ladies are indebted to the acute observation of a young gentleman of this town, who is now no more, for their knowledge of the elegant and durable manner in which the bonnets are now made. " Some twenty years ago, this gentleman waf in one of the Southern States, whither comraer cittl enterprise had called him, and lodged in a boarding house where wore two English females who made and sold bonnets of the celebrated Dunstable braid. They were very particular to let no females into their working- room, for fear of having their trade divulged. Of the Yankee gentlemen, however, they had no distrust; and, as he was a man of genteel address and figure, and could, on occasion, enter into the agreeable chil chat conversation in which femalss of all ! ranks so much abound, he was frequently invited by them into the sanctum sancloriim of the • trade. He improved the opportunity thus afford- I ed him, of gratifying his curiosity ; observed I the whole process of the straw, from its crude j and native state, till it w.-.s completely carried I through its metamorphosss, and worthy of adorn- I ing the heads of the Carolinian belles. On his j return to his native soil, he imparted his discover- I ies to his female friends, by whom a successful j e.xperiment was made. Bonnets were fabricated ' of American Straw Braid, were sent to the South- ] em towns, and brought a price little inferior to , that of the imported ones. Improvements were gradually made in the elegance and strongth of the braid, and the methods of bleaching. The art was extensively difli"used from one to another till at last the manufacture became an object of im- portance in trade. The most considerable im- provement, was the construction of the machine by which a straw is regularly cut and smoothed. " The business has, for several years, been an extensive and lucrative one ; the process of cut- ting and smoothing, bleaching, braiding, making up and (liuiming, has each become a separate trade. Those who employ a capital in the busi- ness, buy the braid of young girls, who, to the number of some hundreds, earn their clothes by the neat employment of making it. The ends of the straw are then cut off by others, and the braid thus prepared is put into the hands of those who are to sew it into patterns. We have heard of some who employ capitals of from ten to fifteen thousand dollars each in the business. It is a mod- erate calculation to state tiie value of this branch of mauulacture in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut, at .•J300,000 in 1817. A farmer who has a crop of rye which it l.irge, and bright, and fit for bonnets, can get twice as much for the straw in the milk, as for the ripened grain." Man. Sf Farm. Journal. A militia soldier in Rhode Island being blamed y his Captain for having no lock on his gun, tied ^ padlock to it. -]24 From the American Sentinel. FRUIT TREES. The Domestic Encyclopedia says, tli.-it " tlic best lime to prune Apple trees in the United States is in March." Mr Forsyth say?, " the best time to prune Apple trees, is in tlic months of April or May, after the peaches, nectarines, and clierries are pruned." But I think that the latter part of March, or forepart of April, in our climate, is gen- erally about the right time ; but it is better to trim them in May, than to neglect them ; yet it injures them less to do it before the baric starts. Trees sliould be looked over every year, and the shoots taken off as v^ell as those which cross each other; old decayed limbs sliould also be re- moved. Even young trees ought not to bo neglected ; the middle limbs should be taken out wlien young, for after they have grown largo, it will injure the tree more or less to remove them, and it is v;ell to have room to climb into a tree to get the fruit, beside the benefit of letting the sun shine into it. A spud, formed something like a carpenter's broad chisel, with the addition of a hook on one side to pull down limbs, after they are cut ofl'is very useful. The handle should be 6 or 8 feet long-, nailed into the socket of the spud, and a ferule on the other end, that you may drive a- jainst it, to cut off a limb of some size ; but a saw is best for a large limb, and may do very well for small ones ; but a man may stand on the ground and trim small trees, and cut off sprouts from the large trees with a spud. ^ In Brighton, Mass. I have seen the ross scraped from the bodies of Apple trees, which were then whitewashed ; but I do not valuo the plan very highly. Removing the loose bark, and washing with soap suds, 1 think is better ; or if there should he insects round the bottom, boil some refuse to- bacco, throwing in some ashes — a little of this liquor will destroy them, or cause them to quit the trees. If you have young trees where sheep are fod- dered in the winter, take a mixture of urine, wood ashes, and fresh manure from the cow, wash the trees as for up as the animals can reach, and even to the limbs ; for it is better for the trees than white-wash, and a deep snow may enable the sheep to reach high. I once bought some sheep which had learned to gnaw trees, and they began upon mine ; I took the above composition in a kettle, and with an old stump of a broom washed over 50 trees in two hours, in December, and it kept on the trees so well all winter, that the sheep did not gnaw them any more. Frost is apt to destroy our fruit when it conies forward early. A northwestern exposure is the best, and the north side of a stone wall is better than the south side, because the circulation of the sap is not so early. In the papers, we are told, that stone-fruit is de- stroyed by the frosts in September ; but I think it is very foreign from the truth. The Encyclopedia tells of setting water under trees, or tieing a ro- e of straw among tho branches, and putting the other end in a pail of water. I placed a tub of water under an apricot tree, three nights last week; tho blow and buds of which appear uninjured tliis method, however, as the one recommended in the Encyclopedia, requires much labor, and is iiisQ uncertain. IN IjW_ ENGLAND FARj\l_ER. The trees being much earlier than usual in bud ding, we have great reason to fear damage from frosts. In tho Gazette of tho 11th inst. we are told that, in transplanting trees, it is best to cut oifmost of tlie fibrous roots, which is the first time that I ever heard of it — although I have heard of a man that was about as cunning, in letting a pretended friend gut his oysters, and he carry the shells home for his wife. In transplanting, dig the holes deep as well as large, and put the turf bottom upwards in the bot- tom of tho hole, then set on the tree, and put fine good soil among the roots, and the red earth on the top, put in a little water when the hole is part- ly filled, and shake the tree, to make the fine earth fill nicely among the fibrous roots. A FARMER. ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE DIET. The inhabitants of the northern extremities of Europe and Asia, the Esquimaux, and the peojile of Terra del Fuego, livo entirely on flesh, and that often raw, and yet in strength, size and cour- age, arc far inferior to the rest of mankind. This proves that animal diet does not necessarily con- fer moral and physical energy. Again, vegetable diet is not connected with weakness and coward- ice. The Greeks and Romans subsisted chiefly on vegetable preparations, at a period when their valour and energy rendered them the terror and admiration of surrounding nations. The Irish and Scotch, who arc not weaker than ourselves, live chiefly on vegetable aliment. Tho Swedes under Gustavus and Charles were horbiverous and in- vincible. The negroes distinguished for all kinds of physical energy, live chiefly in tlie same way, and so do the South Sea islanders, v/hosc agility and strength were found infinitely to surpass tliose of our stoutest sailors. On the other hand, the debilitating effects of animal food are altogether without foundation ; there is not a vestige of evi- dence that any period ever existed when the whole liuman race abstained from flesh, and lived in a state of perfect innocence and profound re- pose. This golden age of immaculate virtue is but the creation of poetical fancy, or the offspring of tfie heated brains of some visionary enthusiasts. That the use of animal food is consistent with the utmost energy both of mind and body, is proved by the experience of every individual. But all fiP May 4. I82;[* MADDER Dr. Muse, President of Dorchester Agriculi Society of Maryland, recommends the °cuItuS^^ Madder. The great value of this root, as ap j to giving to cottons almost all the varieties ol brown and purple dyes, renders its cultivat great desideratum, in a country where the m j •<''' facture of that article is so rapidly increasii Every day developes ncv^ resources withinM selves. A friend informs us that he has be \ W the habit of cultivating modder for several y i ft in sufficient quantities to answer all the purr i * of colouring articles of clothing for the use o i P'^^P''-'- [Bait. Chroi LOCUSTS. A letter in the Bombay Courier states, tj cloud of locusts had been hovering for nearlj | months over different parts of tho provlno | Guzerat, which must have covered ten sq i miles. So thickly clustered were they, as to > an almost perfect and unbroken shadow oij ground. Before their approach, and after theii parturc, their appearance was that of immi_. and heavy clouds of dense smoke all arounffl horizon. "new englanXTTaiime _BaSTON^ FRJDAY^MAYj7^827\| IVASn FOR FRUIT TREES. J We have, heretofore, recommended a solu^n of pot ash in water as a valuable applicatioi Iruit trees. But our notice may not have met observation^or may have escaped the memo ry some who may, perhaps, derive benefit from it- repetition. We have been told that this applici. tion was first introduced into Medford, Mass. b' the late Gov. Brooks, the summer before hisde cease ; who believed that it was not only a gr^i accelerator of the growth of the trees, but an ef- fectual preservative against the borer. This however, seems not to have tjeen ascertained bi actual experiment. But, it is not improbable thai if the bark of a fruit tree is strongly impregnatei. with an alkali, it may preserve it from being pen- etrated by the winged insect, which is the paret! of the borer. Experiments are wanting on thi: subject. Benjamin Wheeler, Esq. of Pramingham, Mass history testifies on this subject with a voice from' °^^®''^°^ ^^■'"' ^"ospect to this composition, " Ne which there is no appeal. The myriads of Hin- 1 Persons need be afraid of its injuring their frui^ doos who subsist on vegetable diet are held in i ^'^^'^^ ' '^"' '' """y ^^ applied with the utmost con- subjection by a few hundreds of Europeans. When the ancient Romans abandoned this vego table diet, they did not decline in moral and phys ical energy, or in political power. Look at the diet of that nation, which has produced fidence. I have used it for neirly twenty yeat: with great eflbct. " I have recommended it to a great many "A tlemen, but only a fevv have used it. Those wlo the most illustrious names in the records of the human race, whether in literat'ire, science, polit- ical, civil, or military eminence ; the country of Shakspeare, Newton, Locke, and Milton. With such examples before us, it is monstrously absurd to assert that animal food is productive of any detrimental efl^ect on the developement and pow- ers of the human mind aad body. — Grijj'ith's Translatiun of Cuvier's Animal Kingdom. Qfjhave tried it are much pleased with its operatic^. Thus much can be said in favour of Operative Manufactures, when business is good — they have that indispensible security for virtue and happi- ness'— CONSTANT r.r.lrr.OY.UKNT. The reason that it has not been more generally used is that it has been fashionable to daub the trees with lime, clay, manure, and other composi- tions, which take two or three years to wash off before the trees will look natural. When this so- lution of potash is applied it has the desired ef- fect immediately. It kills the moss & lice at once ; and the first rain that comes washes the bark smooth, and gives it a fair, natural, and healthj colour. " My way of using this preparation is to dis- solve 2 lbs. of potash of the first quality, in seven quarts of water for the bodies of the trees. It is put on with a white wash biush. If the limbs are -No. U SEW ENGLAND FARIMER. ;i25 with moss or lice, I take a painter's brush bly the solution to the moss, &c. witli care louch the leaves or buds. It luay be done time of the year when we arc most at leis- )nco in from two to four years is general A practice is recommended by some writers, [ lambs, and for calves. A cow will eat from 100 and was adopted by the late Mr Bakuwcll, in Eng- 1 to 150 lbs. of cabbage per day, and a sheep ten or land, by which tlio inconvenience of waiting for a twelve pounds, besides a moderate allowance oC suitable moist time for setti:ig out cabbage plants ' hay." is avoided. By this the seeds arc drilled or plant- L;ient. I have no general rnlo, however, cd in the places where it is intcrfdcd that they sh them as often as they appear to need it, shall grow. Roes' Cyclopedia says " There can alwBVS when the bark is not smooth. — be but little doubt but that this method will be DOMESTIC WINES. Mr Fessenden — For a number of years pas' I have made those wines, more or less. I hav» xpcnse and trouble of this wash are so hat it is in the power of the poorest man in te, who owns any trees to have them look me, and in a fine thrifty state, if in addition he will take pains to have his ground spad p and lie loose round the roots."-- MILLET. grain appears likely to become as fashion- \(^ it is useful among farmers. A southern irives the following as the product of its tion on one acre, viz. Three tons of hay, IJ bushels of clean seed. =' The seed when acturod into flour r.iakesa cake more whole- ind equally palatable with buck wheat." It hi^rhly advantageous as saving much labour and , ^'■"^.'^ '^'*^"';"' ,P"'P°''^'°"^ °' H'O ingredients with provcntinMm/(, and ic or practical men were furnished. This ip circumstances which claim the attention of the friends of humanity. The Implements are for sale at' the Agricultural Warehouse No 52 North Market Street, for the sole benefit of the Inven- tor, without any advance from tlie Manufacturer's price. 827 EnfrUsk Garden Seeds. GF.ORGE MURUOUK has just rcccired by the Loudon Packet, the following Seeds, viz : Karly I'rame . Hotspur and Charlton i'las — Green Imperial do. — IJwHrf or Bonleridg do — litiglish, VMnHsor and Long Pod Beans — Salmon and Short 'I'ep Radish — Red and White Turnip do — Karly Uut< b aiul York Cabbage — Green Curled Savoy do — Early and Late Cauliflower — Sals^ifa, or Oyster Plant— Tomatoe. and Martenoe — 100 lbs. Mangel VVurlnol— 50 lbs. Sugar Beet— 10 lbs Sweet Marjoram, and Thymi — 60 lbs. Rutabaga. 4L May 4. Cows and Saxony Hams. For sale 2 good young milch Cows and three calves, oJ the Galloway breed, also 10 fine imported Saxony Raais— Inquire of BKN J A.MIN SHURTLKFF Jr. Chtl sea, near Chelsea bridj;e. April, 27. jyTurseryman wanted. A person having a valuable nursery under way, wisk- cs to get a person exinrienced in 'he business to man- age it on shares. Inquire at this iiffice. April 27 Further supply vf Seeds. Just received at the New Lngland tanner office, No 62 North Market street, Boston, a further supply ol Garden and P'ield Seeds, which makes the assortment liy far the largest and best in Boston, among which will be found, Asparagus, i ' Madeira •flrtichoke, < ' head, cabbage Etcl, early turnip, 5 Melon, Carolina, water, blood I ' green citron ' sugar i • pine apple Beans, bush cranberry S ' nutmeg ' pole cranberry ', ' canteloupc ' early china dw'f J Marjoram, sweet ' rob roy > Mangel wurtzel ' marrow J JVasturlioii ' quakcr | Onion, silver skin ' white busli J ' rod and white ' Dutch case knife j Parsley, curled ' large Lima pole Parsnip, large swelling Wii.dsor ; Peas, early frame early charlton lion is honorable to Capt. Elliot, and may in valuable iuiprovemonts in agriculture, s and the sciences. sures of the Earth. The Harrisburg Chroni- tes, that the mineral wealth of Pennsylva- D state of constant developement. It is as- ed that the mountains of Dauphin county, 1 anthracite coal in inexhaustible beds. Iron found in many places. The mountains in county contain iron to a great extent. . — The Cabawba, (N. C.) Journal states veral new veins of this precious metal have discovered in that county within a short ich are said to be rich. So far they have led a liberal compensation to those who at them ; and one company has obtained vts. in tiie space of three weeks. Cromwell, in his hours of relaxation, ed at the fanatics who supported him and jvernment. The jest of the corkscrew is nown ; and when, on his having despatched t upon some secret expedition, one of the cs called upon him, and had the impudence 1 the Protector, that " the Lord wanted to its destination." " The Lord shall know," d Cromwell : " for thou shalt go with the and ringing his bell, he ordered some sol in attendance to take the holy intruder on one of the ships. Roman. A very elegant, full blooded horse, imported with a hope of improving the breed, will stand this season at the farm of JMr Stephen Williams in Nortbborough, County of Worcester. ROMAN was purchased in England of the Earl of Warwick and his pedigree has been traced in the New Market Studbook from Childers, (he swiftest horse that ever run over .New Market course, through eight gen- erations of the highest bred horses and mares in Eng- land without a single cross of inferior blood. At 4 years old he won 6, and at 5 years old he won 4 prizes, and has since beat some of the fleetest horses in Eng- land over the most celebrated courses. His colour a very bright b«y — black legs, mane and tdil— walks and trnts well — is very good tempered high spirited-»-activc— full 16.J hands high and is con- sidered by judges as handsome and well formed a horse as can be found in the country. Mares havr been sent to him from all the New Eng- land States, as well as from the remote counties in this state and the neighbouring towns, and his colts are handsome and command high prices. Terms — $20 the season, to be paid before the mare's are taken away. Northborough May 4, 1827- Dwarf imperial ' Marrowfat.superior ' tall sugar ' green imperial Peppers, squash ' cayenne Pumkpins, finest family J. &; A. Fates' Patent Hoes, Constantly for sale by French Si Weld, 31 & 32 South Market street, sole agents for vending the same. April 13. ' thousand fold 5 ' white kidney < Brocoli, white & purple t Balm, lemon 5 Cabbage, early York i ' early battersea < ' early sugarloaf 5 ' green savoy 5 • red, for pickling { Radish, scarlet ' Drumhead 5 t salmon Carrot, altringham | ' white turnip ' orange iSi horn 5 Ruta bnga. Celery, red and white i Spinach, round, prickly. Cucumber, early &, long i Squash, early bush ' small girkin, | ' Com. Porter's (a fine West India, for \ ' crook neck picnles.) 5 ' marrow Cau/i//o!('er,earIy &. late t Sage Cress, curled, peppergr's / Salsafy,vegeta.h\e oyster Endive, green curled, I Savory Thyme Egg plant, purple J Tomatoes Kale, sea Lettuce, early Silesia ' greeii coss ' grand admiral ' tennisball Turnip, early Dutch ' French ' large Norfolk ' white stone ' common field Likewise, 300 papers various Flower Seeds. 100 bushels of MILLET, of a superior quality. GentlemcH in want of this article are requested to call and examine it. 20 lbs. White Onion seed, of last year's growth. 100 lbs. Mangel Wdrtzel and Sugar Beet. 150 lbs. Lucerne. White loneysuckle Clover. 328 NEW E>^GLAND FARMER. May 4, I{ IK[ZSC£I,I.AK££ii^. PRESENTIMENT OF DEATH. BT BRUCE. Now spring: returns — but not to me returns The vernal joy my better years liave known ; Dim in my breast life's dying taper burns, And all the joys of life Tvith health are flown. Starting and shivering in th' incSnstant wind, Meagre and pale, the ghost of what I was. Beneath some silent tree 1 lie reclined, And count the silent moments as they pass. Oft morning dreams presage approaching fate — (And morning dreams, as potts tell, are true) Led by pale ghosts, I enter death's dark gate, And bid the cheerful realms of light adieu. ! hear the helpless wail, the shriek of woe, 1 see the muddy wave, the dreary shore, The sluggish streams that slowly creep below. Which mortals visit, and return no more. Farewell ! ye blooming fields, ye cheerful plains, Enough for me the church-yard's lowly mound, Where melancholy with awful silence reigns, And the rank grass waves o'er the cheerless ground. There let me wander at the close of eve, When sleep sits dewy on the wanderer's eyes, The world and all its busy follies leave. And talk with wisdom where my Daphnis lies. There let me sleep forgotten in the clay. When death shall close these weary, aching eyes, Rest in the hope of an eternal day. Till night is gone, and the last morn arise. j eil when they find you at home or at the place of your business. ! Never let hurry or confusion distract your mind I or dispossess you of self command. I Under the influence of such habits as these witli a suitable dependence on Providence for a bless- ing on the labor of your hands, you will have a I good foundation to rest your hope upon, for suc- cess in whatever business you may be employed ; in. [Md. Republican.] Descendfints of great Men. — Mons.J.F.Rousseau, the last surviving member of the family of J. J. Rousseau, has just died in Geneva, at an advanced ; age. It is a remarkable fact, we believe, that j there are scarcely any collateral kindred of men ; of Genius in former times, now remaining in Eng- land ; and not a single lineal descendant, except : a female o^e, of Sliakospeare. In England, the collateral branches appear to be confined to the ' families of Dryden; Parnell, and Sandys, (the i fine, old, relishing translator of Ovid.) Chaucer, Spenser, and Milton, have left none ; Pope has left none. Not a single other poet is lineally I represented (luckily, perhaps for him;) ror Bacon, nor Sir I. Newton, nor Sir J. Reynolds, nor Ho- ! garth, nor Purcell, nor Steele, nor S.vift, nor Ad- j disoD, nor Johnson, nor Marlborough, nor Peter- j borough, nor any of the worthies of queen Eliza- beth's reign, nor scarcely a v.-it of Charles the (second. Was the fire too bright and selfconsum- I ing, and so died away ; — Many of them had no I children at all; and of others, the progeny was ' sorry and spare. tJ shreu'd madman. — When the Eurl of Brt v.'as brought before Lord Chancellor LouJ ough to be examined upon application for j ute of lunacy against him — " How many la a sheep ?" '-Does your lordship mean," an lord Bradford, " a live or a dead sheep ?"J not the same thing ;" said the Chancellor., my lord," said lord Bradford, " there is mtj fcrence ; a living sheep may Iiave four dead sheep has only cwo legs of mutton — ti fore legs are shoulders." We seldom meet with a finer instance ol est and primitive simplicity, than the rei practice in the churches of Finland. PrevM the concluding prayer of divine service, thi ister reads out with an audible voice, a lislf births, deaths, and marriages ; after which I a statement of the sales of bouses made or J to be made, and an account of the unclaitn^ tors at the post-office. From all this we that the Fins want nothing but a newspapei their late Sovereign Ale.xander disliked a paper, so they must continue to mingle hei and earthly speculations as before. Luxurij — In a country where all the inhabi- tants went barefooted, could luxury be imputed to the first man who made a pair of shoes for him- self? Or, rather, was he not a man of sense and HiKTS TO MEN OF BUSINESS. industry? Is it not just the same with him who Superintend in person as much of your business P™J"ced the first shirt? With respect to the man as practicable, and observe with a watchful eye "'''° ''^'^ '' washed and ironed, I consider him an the management of what is necessarily committed "^solute genius abundant in resources, and quali- to the agency of others. lied to govern a state. Those, however, who are Never lose sight of the powerful influence of "°' "s*^'^ ^° '•''^'^ clean shirts consider him as a example, and he careful in the management of ^^'^^ efTeminate coxcomb, who was likely to cor- your concerns, to recommend by your own person- 1 '"P*^ ^^^ nation. al practice uniform habits of active, interested and i iir „ ,,, ', ] TT ^, , ..,. ,■ . ' <-u ai.u fVomen We are much amused with the reDlv persevering diligence to those in your emplov. r rr. . u ji • .i •. T) ^ ^ ,. ■ ■ . . I of one of Oapt. Heads companions on the summit iie prompt and explicit in your instructions to ^ ., /-■ j n i i j ,■ _ ^ \ ,,!■,, ' , ' '"'=''■" of the Cordilleras, when ail around was a surface your agents, and let it be understood bv them c ,, u i u i ■ u •. 1 1 ..i .u . , , .,, .'••""^ "J' wiciu of snow — " cheerless, wild and inhospitable as the view was, still it was sublime," — he observed to one whose honest heart and thoughts clung to Old England — " what a magnificent view ! what can be more beautiful?" — After smiling for some seconds, the Cornish lad replied, " them things, sir, that do wear caps and aprons !" that you expect they will execute the same strict conformity thereto. Let no common amusements interfere or mingle with your business; make them entirely distinct employments. Despatch at once, if possible whatever you take in hand ; if interrupted by unavoidable interfer- ence, resume and finish it as soon as the obstruc- 1 Mr Canning, in the late debate in the Erilisii tion IS removed. | Parliament, on the emancipation of the Catholics, Beware of self indulgence, no business can pos- j related a story of his receiving a letter from the sibly thrive under the shade of its influence. | Pope, and never daring to answer it, because he Do not assume to yourself more credit for what found, that, by statute, corresponding with the you do, than you are entitled to, rather be con- 1 Pope was High Treason, and would make him an tent with a little less ; the public mind will always : outlaw, so that any one might kill him with im- discover where merit is due. ! punitv. [Palladium.l Familiarize yourself with your books, keep them " Why is tlie old style preserved in Russia .' — Answer by a witty foreigner: "In order that they may believe themselves only twelve days bo- hind the rest of Europe, whereas their arrears ex- ! ceed a centnrv." ■ accurately, and frequently investigate and adjust their contents. This is an important item. Cultivate domestic habits, for this your family, if you have one has a strong and undeniable claim; besides, your customers will always behest plcas- Jl good Regulation. — A late law of CoJ enacts, that ne postmaster, or assistant postal shall act as agent for lottery oflices, or und| colour of purchase, or otherwise, -end tickets ; nor shall any postmaster receive i postage, or frSnk lottery schemes, circula tickets. For a violation of this provisioa person off'onding shall suffer a penalty dollars. [Boston Record Bellfounder. The Norfolk trottr-r, imported July 1822 from El to s'and this season, 1827, at twenty dollars, dollar the groom — the money to be paid to the THIS celebrated horse is a bright Bay, wit" legs, standing 15 hands high ; his superior blooi metry, and action excel PAery other trotting He is allowed by the best Judges in Norfolk toi fastest and best bred Horse ever sent out of thai ty. He has proved himself a sure foal getter, Stock for size and substance are not to be sur[ they are selling at the highest prices of any H( Norfolk. Bellfounder was got by that well known fs high formed Trotter, Old Bellfounder, out of Vi which trotted on the Norwich road in 1806 miles in one hour, and tho' she broke 15 tiint gallop, and as often turned round, won her match. 1808 she trotted lu-inlil-tight miles in one hour and minutes, and has also done many other great [ trfor: ances against time. Bellfounder at five years old trotted Tieci inilu Six minutes and in the following year was matched t 200 guineas to trot.A'ine miles in Tliirti/minules,viim hf won easily by Ttcenly-tuo seconds. His 0»lit shortly after challenged to porform with him Sivef^ miles and a half in one hour, but il iras not occeplit,- He has since eever bten saddled or matched. ' Old Bellfounder was a true descendant from Ihf orif nal blood of the Fireawnys, which breed of Hy I owed to tlie good intonlions, as well as to ' benefit uf others, as an interchange of views and observe, in an article written by Mr Pome- i '-''I? memory of the distinguislicd tliaractcr who opinions relative to practical husbandry, is not n t!ie Corinthian Craps or Z'inte Currant, } ^'^^it them to mc, to give them every chance wiiich | only desirable, but highly expedient and necessa owing sentence, — " It is doubtful whether 'circumstances would admit of. Jlr Howson will j ry. A FARMER. c plant of the true Corinthian vine has ever ultivatcd in the United States " oiiERoY appears to think that tliis vine has ut lately introduced into England, as it was ntionel by Speedily ; but as it has been and described by the French horticulturists irly a hundred years, it could not, I think, een so long neglected by their neighbours, ppears by Mr Pomeroy's account, that ~oler,"' who travelled in the Levant, (or who Travels in the Levant) mentions it as a 1c plant ot the true L'orinthian vine has ever Joubtlcss be able to supply cuttings from the | If'orcesler, Mr' i\ 18'17 . ultivatcd in the United States " mother plant next fall, and young plants or rooted 'oiiERoY appears to think that tliis vine has cuttings in another year, and if they arc found to Remarks h/ Hi c Editor. — The able Essay "on ut lately introduced into England, as it was s:icceed, they can be easily o.xtendcd. If tliey will the Manufacture of Cider," written by Jesse Buel. ntionel by Speedily ; but as it has been '>ot answer in this, they may still do well in a more Esrj. of Albany, published in the New 'Englatui ..,.1 .. :u... .... .1.. T. u ,. -^.•.. i..._-_.^ S'Hithern climate. Farmer, pajgo ^>.j/ of the current volume, wilFcor- Siv JosEi'ii Banks appeared toMthink they would j roborate the observations of our correspondent ?i:eooed in this latitude, but I am inclined to think with rogai'd to I'lO apples for cider. "The char- tliat our late frosts in the spring, and early frosts acteristics," s-iys Judge Buel, "of a good cider ill l!ie fall of the year, with the groat changes we apple, are a red skin ; yellow and often tough and are liable to in the summer, will make tliem very ; fibrous pulp, astriiigcney, dryness, and riptness at i," that " rises only four or five feet." I j "'ncortain, both in their fructification and maturity. jWie ciVtr wailuij- season. "When tUo rind and end there must be some mistake in Mr : Ct:t if they can be made to succeed" in Pennsylva- ' pulp are green, the cider will always be thin. Icr's account of these plants, as I have had j '"". or Marylan:i, the citizens of those State.=, as ' weak and colourless ; and when those are deeply growing in my garden for seven years, where ^''-'l a^^ some others may derive tlio benefit from j tinged with yellow, it will, however manufactur- Iiave all the characteristics of the true vine, I '"om proposed by Sir Joseph, and I shall be happy ed, or in whatever soil it may have grown, almost ■ctcnd themselves, like ( ther vines, to any 1 1" contribute all in my power to the general object i always possess colour, with cither strength or lyoumay choose, by cultivation to push thet» ''>' raising rooted cuttings fro;n my vine, and dis- richtioss." — (K'nf course the better the silk will wind off. clearing off the floss silk from the cocoons, en taken down from the branches, it is cus- the floss or loose silk v\hich is about them, which,! land. The proportion of water to seed is about ' if allowed to remain, would greatly hinder thejtoL Having been steeped in part of the water butterfly from getting out of his cell ; after which, 4g hours previous to the boiling, the remainder is with a needle and thread, you must thread the added cold, and the whole boiled gently about two cocoons by the middle, like a string of beads. But in doing this you must take care not to hurt the insect in the cocoon with the needle. You are hours, keeping it in motion during the operation, to prevent its burning to the boiler ; thus reducing the whole to a jelly-like, or rather a gluey or ropy only to pierce just as much of the skin of the co- consistence. After being cooled in tubs, it is given coon as is sufficient to attach it to the thread, and i ^jth a mixture of barley-meal, bran, and cut chafT; this is done at the middle of the cocoon, to leave L bullock being allowed about 2 quarts of the jelly the two ends of it free, as you cannot be certain per day, or somewhat more than 1 quart of seed iu at which of the ends the insect will pierce the co- 1 4 days, — that is, about one-sixteenth of the medi- coon. This being done, you hang up the cocoons | um allowance of oil cake. 332 EXTRAORDINARY COWS. Sib — In your Gazette of the Gfitli November last, we see that at Worcester Cattle Show, Cov. Lincoln of Massacluisetts has oftVrcil for exhibi- tion a cow.which lias often given 97 qiiiirts of milk. When visiting the Chalais of Grayers in Switzer- land, thirty years ago, I have there seen numer- ous herds of cows, which yielded from (JO to Gi quarts of milk each and every day. Some time after, when visiting the establishment of Mr Cha- bert, the director of the veterinary school of Al- fort, T saw the same species of animsl affording, upon a soil far inferior to the former, as much as three buckets or twelve gallons of milk, and nev- er less than 8 gallons every day. Mr Chabert, in his publications, suid that he had observed tliat cows, fed in the winter upon dry substances, iiive less milk than those which are kept upon a green diet, and also that theii' milk loses much of its quality. He published the recipe, by the use of which his cows afford him an equal quantity and quality of milk duiina; the summer. Take a bushel of potatoes, break them while raw, place them in a barrel standing up, •putting in successively a layer of potatoes and a layer of bran, and a small quantity of yeast in the middle of the mess, which is to be left thus to ferment during a « hole week, and when the vin- ous taste has pervaded the whole mixture, it is then given to the cows, who eat it greedily. Phil. Gaz. fEW ENGLAND FARMER. May 1!, 182 MURRAIN IN CATTLE. A few years since, we copied from a Poughkecp- ■lie (N. Y.) paper, what .was- considered a very ex- traordinary circumstance, of an o.x which sickened and died ; and how the butcher who assisted in skinning him slightly cut one of his lingers ami soon after died, with every appear.-iuco of Uaving been poisoned ; and furthermore, that as many as a dozen hogs which eat of the carcase, lived but a few hours. This account lias been doubted by many, and by some deemed incredible ; liut v.-e are in possession of facts which, by their similari- ty in circumstances and effects, must establish the truth of the statement beyond a doubt. A gentleman of this city, who a few years aa^o was engaged in shipping large numbers of cattle to distant parts, informs us that among the thous- ands which be has boug^ht and sold, one instance, and but one, of a disease which bears any affinity to that above stated, has come to his knowledge. A lot of fine fat cattle was landed at Newfound- land, and- permitted to remain in pasture or stall a few days, to recover from the lassitude of the pas- sage. In slaun-htering the first ox selected, one "f the butchers suddenly became sick, and lived but a short time. The others were alaTmed and sent for a skilful physician, who on examining the body could find no other marks than a small scratch on one hand. It was concluded, therefore, that his death was caused by poison being infus- ed into his system, from the diseased ox, throug-h •he wound on his hand. The carcase of the beast was sometime shun- ned, tin one person, wishing to save at least the tallow, made very careful attempts to extract it. The time was not long, however, before he exhib- ited the same symptoms of the fatal disease as his companion, and in a few hours expired. The ex- citement increased,- and no one ventured near the •lead body of the animal. At length a bold, reck- less fellow, of Irish origin, came along, " half seas over,-' and .Icclared his determination to eat of the meat which olliers so cowardly avoided. — In s|iite of counsel and resistance, he put his hand to the infected flesh and partook of the poison, which, before he had time to recover from his state of intoxication, caused hira to close his eyes forever. The death of three men, so suddenly, caused great alarm in this vicinity ; the remainder of the cattle were driven off, it being supposed that they wore all fatally diseased ; and the best medical counsel in the province was sought after and con- sulted. Alter due deliberation and thorough in- vestigation of the whole circumstances, the learn- ed doctors gave it as their opinion, though we be- lieve neither of them have before seen an instance, that the disease was denominated the nuirrain or plague in cattle. As the occurrences of this malady are so rare, and in their effects so fatal, not only to the lives of cattle, but those of our fellow men, we have thought it would be interesting to agriculturists nnd those engaged in b'jying and slaying oxen, to give an account of its causes, symptoms and pre- ventives, as far as our limited resource.^ will per- rr.tt The disease is sometimes called the Gargh, and is occasioned in various ways, but principally by a hot dry season, or rather by a general putre- faction of the air ; which begets an inflammation in the blood .nnd a swelling in the throat, with other symptoms. The disease soon proves mortal to the beast, and is cbinmunicated from one to an- i other. i The symptoms are generally a hanging down i and swelling of the head, rattling in the throat, j short breath, palpitation of the heart, staggering, abuud.'inco of gum in the eyes, &e. breath hot, and tongue sliiiiing. To prevent this fatal sick- ness, the cattle should stand cool in summer, and have plenty of good water ; and as their feeding in wet places on rotten grass and hay, often occa- sions the disease, particular care should be taken that dry and sweet fodder be given them. The most remarkable murrain we hear of is that men- tioned in the Philosophical Transactions, wliicli spread itself throug-h Switzerland and Germany into Poland and other states. — Mational Journal. I OH^A friend in West Cambridge, near Boston, informs us that <(cj deaths have recently occurred in that place, by persons who assisted in taking , the skin from diseased animals. During the ope- i' ration they cut or scratched the skin, so slightly I as hardly to bo noticed, but the limb soon swelled, I which terminated in death in a few days.-^En. I From the American Farmtr. ON THE DISEASE COMMONLY CALLED THE HOLLOW HORN. Mr Skinmf.r — There is, perhaps, no disease in this climate from which our neat cattle have suf- fered so much as that commonly called the Hoi low Horn ; and, unfortunately, h^N persons have thought it necessary to give any attention to it, or its cure, for we find but little said in any ag- ricultural work relative to its treatment. The name appears to me, to be badly applied, as the horn alone is not the seat of the disease ; it pervades the whole system ; and cattle with- out horns are quite as subject to it, as those witii them ; having often seen those without horns have it. The hQllowness of the horn, proceeds from the violence of the fever throughout the systd have known cattle feeding in stalls to be atti with it, as well as those in poor condition no doubt those in poor plii;ht aic moie liaj its attack, their sy.stem not being in a stal resist any disease ; it occurs too at all sea: the year, but more particularly in the spring.' The animal attacked with it looks rough ; much in its coat, and falls ofl" very fast in its food having but little effect in nourisliii The eye looks very hollow and dead, and with a yellow matter which collects in the ers, and around them. Many persons rely the feel of the horn, as the best indicative ol disease, but this, I think, very uncert^iin cases it is at the root, cold to the feci, wbi others very hot. A very small gimblet will, ever, remove all doubts, and the mark oi horn not visible after a few days. If the dii exists, the horn will be found without pith, little or no blood will follov.' the boring ; whei if the disease docs not exist, you will find b| immediately upon entering the horn. The blet used for boring should bo well washed greased after using; for if it is not, and shi be used to try the horn of an animal not acti affected with the disease, it will most genei give it to them. It is a disease that is highl llammatory and infectious ; and the animal ing it, ought to be removed from the herd uSti' well. The follov,'ing modo of treatment, I hav found very successful, and the beast soon rcstorei to a thriving state. As soon as I discovere animal affected with the hollow horn, I bli from the neck (in the same vein in which a hi is bled) from two to six or seven quarts, accordi iy to its age, size and condition, and gave it three quarts to one pound and a half glauber salts with a middle size gimblet open the horns througl and through, making the holes, so that they m«;. be perpendicular in tlio usual position the aai mal carries its head, so that the pu^ formed maj have a free discharge as soon as the horns an opened; put through the hole into each about a table spoonful of strong vinegar, in which salt and black pepper, ground, has been put. The day fol- lowing, the horns must be again opened anc cleaned from the pus, v.-hich generally is nS*- formed, and about half u teaspoonful of spiriU turpentine put into each horn, and a little on the poll of the animal daily, during the continuance of the disease. One bleeding is generally suffi- cient; but I have known cases in which it was necessary to repeat it three times, as also the salts. The food during the continuance of the disease is important — corn in every shape is bad — potatoes are of great use, (with a small quantity of Brew- er's grains, if to be had,) and the animal ought to have from one to one and a half pecks daily, with hay in the vvinter, and grass if in summer. Potatoes have a wonderful effect on the anifflid as soon as the bowels are well cleansed, the inp portance of which, any person" will be convincefl of, who observes the discharge from the animal. In some obstinate cases I have given daily, from a half to one ounce of nitre, sprinkled on the po- tatoes. It is important at the first bleeding to take as much blood as the animal will bear, as the fever is more ea.sily checked by one large bleeding, than two small ones, and the animal bet- ter able to bear it. In many cases the bleeding and salts have been sufficient, without opening the horns ; and when Ike'' itet,W lots' jat* ul.Y No. 4-2. i\EW ENGLAND 1 ARiVIER. in the early stage will generally be found wcr, but the boring certainly assists in for- a-nc\v the internal parts of the horn, unil , as sooii as it commences forming, the holes horn shoiilil be allnwcd to close, animal having the liollow horn, should be red from the inclemency of the weather, ig its continuance. No age appears nxcrapt its attack, having seen it in a yearling as as at subsequent ages. I am induced to ot- his mode of treatment to your subscribers, \g never in any instance failed in restoring luimal, where bef.ire tliis mode of treatment adopted I annually lost several. The fieam- ceding cattle should be rather deeper than for a horse, the vein in the neck, not laying ar the surface ; lIiG orifice is closed with a in the same way as in bleeding a horse. From the A*. I'. Commercial .'IJvctliscr. stimplc 111 a pot in bcr pre.sence and requested her to call in ten days : she called, when we went to examine the pot, and the seed was just bursting thro;igh the earth, although wo had neglected to water or take it in from frost at night. On en- quiring more particularly wo learned that tIjB seed had been sown in one of tlic dry sandy fields in the Jersey.-;, at the time when it had not rained for seven weeks, and the soil was dry and hot. A volume might be filled with such instan- 388 ness of youth, in cunncxion with yellow and cov- ered teeth, iuul an oflonsivo breath, arising alto gcther from a total neglect of the mouth, is gross- ly incongruous, if not disgusting. Common sense on the contrary, with good manners, and a proper attention to personal cloanUness, makes one cur rent and accepiablu eveiy where Med. Intel. SALT. We are happy to hoar that the Salt Manufac- cs, but enough has been said to satisfy any re- I '^"''ers of Barnstable County have been pursuing fleeting person, that besides good seeds, good gar- I ^ S^"'' business. The Salt is improved in 'G YELLOW BUTTKR. In Scotland,- we are told, the dairy women give a fine colour and flavour to their butter, by grat- ing some orange carrots, the juice of which, after being strained, is mixed with the cream previous to churning. The quantity of carrot juice neces- sary for this has not been prescribed, so fiir as our observation extends, but the judgement of the manufacturer cannot fail to suggest very nearly the quantity necessary to give tie butter a proper colour. While cows have fresh feed in the spring, probably, their butter would not be much, if in any degree improved by the addition of carrot juice But when grass becomes short, or the dairy stock is fed on hay, carrot juice may produce a good effect. GREATEST POSSIBLE PRODUCT OF INDIAN CORN. An able writer for the American Farmer in vol. ii. page 27 of that work says " I risk it as an opinion confessedly, without actual experiment to support it, that as a matter of curiosity it mi^hl be possible to make some fraction of an acre of ground so deep and perfect in its soil as to pro- duce, and maintain to maturity, one stalk of In- dian corn upon every 24 inches of square surface. If so, and wo allow one good car to each stalk, and half a pint of grain to each ear, tlie product would be abo\it at the rale of one hundred and sixty-eight bushels to tlie acre." It would be a very easy matter to try the ex- periment above alluded to, by making hills of In- dian c orn two feet apart, eacii way, planting 3 or 4 kernels in a I.i'.l, and leaving, at the first or sec- ond time of hoting but one stalk in a hill. Care should be taken, however, in planting, to place each kernel at such a distance from its next neighbor tiiat it may be pulled out, and not de- range the economy of the hill. TO PRESERVE ISDIA?» CORN AND POTATOES AGAINST THE GRUE WORM. Tlie farmers of Rensselaer county. New York, sny that ashes or quick lime ought always to be applied to the top of corn hills immediately after planting, if it foliow sward, to prevent grub larvae from destroying it. The same application will have a similar effect, if applied to the top of pota- toe hills. But neither unleached ashes nor lime in its quick or caustic state, should in any case, come in contact either with the seed corn or the young plants. [Memoirs of the New York Board of Agriculture, vol. ii. page 25.] Ashes or lime, applied as above, would not perhaps be so much needed where tho seed corn had been soaked in copperas water, as has been repeatedly recommen- deil in the New England Farmer. Still, ashes and Jlf y. lime may be valuable as manures, even when notnfe cessary to preserve against insects ; when potato are planted on land not perfectly free from worn \ (such for instance as land lately cleared from '■ forest, with what is called a good burn,) wc shoi think no prudent farmer would neglect to cap | , ■" hills or ridges with a good top dressing of qu[ lime or unleached ashes. ANOTHER WAY TO PLANT POTATOES. Wo have been told that tho following mode' raising potatoes has been successfully practised some pa rts of New England, hut have no persoi knowledge of this kind of cultivation. On an even and smooth piece of mowing or pi turc land, make deep single furrows with a ploa. at 3 feet distance. Fill these furrows with t straw, or some other straw, and drop your po toes 6 or 8 inches apart on the straw. Then wi a hoe cover tho potatoes by turning down tj ploughed fu!rows upon them. They will rcqui no more attention till they are grown. No ho ing will he necessary. The same land may be i* proved as a pasture for sheep, as those animJi will not eat, nor materially injure the tops of tH potatoes. I HESSIAN FLY. I We cannot say w hether tliis insect has, or wiil make its appearance in our wlioat fields. Butif it should, !i remedy for its ravages, heretotofe pointed out by a correspondent, may be worth tiw trial. As soon as you discover that the fly deposited its eggs in the first joint of the sti turn sheep into your wheat field and let the the plants to the ground. An experiment of ti kind was made some years since, in Maine, wh seems to have been successful ; a stateinen v.hich may be seen in the New England Farnii vol. i. page 347. The efficacy of this remedy h however, been doubted by some who say that egg of the fly is deposited below the reacbi sheep — and that there are successive generatii of flies, so that destroying one race might not sure the plants against a succeeding tribe of t] same insects. It is therefore an object of com quence to ascertain by new experiments, whet feeding down wheat after the fly has made its pearance will prove a remedy against that di tructive insect. BURNING CLAY AND SURFACE SOIL BY II.ME WIT] GOT FUEL. Mounds of seven yards in length and three al a half in breadth, are kindled with .seventy-t bushels of lime. First a layer of dry sods or pi ings, on which a quantity of lime is spread, mi! ing sods with it, then a covering of eight inchu_ of sods, on which the other half of the lime Ii spread and covered a foot ; the heighth of the mound being about a yard. In twenty-four houm it will take fire. The lime should be iaimediatelj from the kiln. It is belter to suffer it to ignite id self, than to effect it by the operation of wateil When the fire is fairly kindled, fresh sods inusl be applied Mr Curwen recommends obtaining sufficient body of ashes before any clay was pul on the mounds. The fire naturally ri.«es to the top. It takes less time and does more work to' draw down the ashes from the top, and not to sufj fer it to rise above six feet. The former practici of burning in kilns was more expensive ; did mucl less work ; and in many instances, calcined the ashes and rendered them of no value. !(' -No. -la. NEW ENGLAND 1 ARlMEK. 335 e Season. — The proscnt season is consider- very forwaril one, though the vvc.ither lias cool, and the progress of vegetation slow, Itwo or three weeks past. In the grazing s, sheep, yonng cattle, nnd colts have obtain- o.-;t of their food fro.ni tlic pastures for some ks. IFay is more plenty in this viciuity than 1 at this time of the year, and tlie price is '^.J 0 per cent, less than it was two or three tlis since. Grain on good land promises an idant harvest. live was (5 or 7 inches high in necticut a fortnight since, and the deep green at fields on Long Island presented a rich and sing aspect. We were told that in the west- part of New York, grain never looked better, he farmer who told us two months since that c would be no poaches here the present soas- vas a true prophet. No blossoms have appear- and niuny trees have been much injured by severity of the winter. — JVorthampiou Gazette. 'o preserve eggs. — Some fani lies in this town p eggs through the summer in the following hod : — For I'i dozen of eggs take about a rt of lime and slacken it in 3 or 4 quarts of water ; let it stand until cold, then pour it on eggs placed in a stone jar, adding one ounce ream of tartar, and water enough to cover the s. We are assured that eggs have been prc- ;ed in this way more than three months. — Ibid. uperstilion. — The superstitions which prevail ome European countries interfere substantial- .ith the industry and comforts of the people. \to number of the " Bulletin des Sciences," re- s that when a distemper attacked the cattle, he Catholic kingdom of Bavaria, in the year 0, more than 18,000 peasant;, instead of nav- rccoiTsc to the remedies proper for the dis- e, make a pilgrimage to Griesbach, driving ir sick beasts before them. The next year )00 people conducted their diseased cattle to same place, to procure the assistance of some ndcr-working saint or virgin. It is melanclioly t rulers and priests should encourage such rp- ssive fooleries among tlie poor and ignerant santry. — Ibid. BRIGHTON MARKET, May 7. ieeves iu market, 17.) ; 22 unsold ; sales from 0 to 0,75 — 2 very fine Oxen sold for 7,00 per idred. Working Oxen, 8 pair ordinary, few es ; good in demand. Cows with (Waives, lew market, those ordinary ; all sold — good ones in demand. Sheep, none. Swine, 385, very soU.— Patriot. From England. — An arrival at New York brings important intelligence of a complete change the British Ministers. Mr Canning has been pointed prime minister, in consequence of which, aie of the old ministers, including Lord Wel- gton, have resigned their places in the Cabinet. r Canning is of decidedly liberal principles, and the ablest statesman of England since the days William Pitt. To make Blacking — For twelve years past, I .ve used blacking of my own composition, and n recommend it equal to the imported. I have ivays made it as I wanted it, in this manner, ! -J lb. ivory black, 1 pint of vinegar, i tea- p white powdered sugar, i table spoonful of eet oil, one cent's worth of powdered niitgall.^. Simmer tliis mi.\turo over a slow fire ; then when cool, add \ of an ounce of oil of titrol. [Mass. Spy.] Sicimmtng Doctor Franklin, who v.'as a close observer of every thing relating to domestic habits, was a great admirer of swimming. Ho consider- ed thnt it promoted health, when judiciously used, and was a preservative against danger. Warm baths arc a great luxury, but, setting aside their co.«t, they ara not as healthy as the cold suit water and plunging bath, which gives a firmness and color to the skin and flesh, and is every way bracing and agreeable. Tret Jirnshcs. For sale at the Agnctiltui;,! KMablishment, .'',2 North Market SIrett, a Airllier supply of Tree Uruslics, some of«n improved kiml. These brushes were iiivtnli il by Col. Pickering-, and are lound highly serviceable in re movinjf raterpillais' nests. The Coronation of .Yupoleon. Painted by the celebrated David, is now open t( tlie public, in the spacious Hall over llie New Market 'I he Picturi- is 36 feet lon^ by 26 high, and occu pied the artist 14 years (o paint it. Admittance 25 Cents— a description of the Picture. price I2A cents, to be had at the door. Hours of exhibition fmni li. A.M. till D, I'.M. Fossil plants, now the natives of the torrid zone, have been found in abundance in Ohio. The Bread Fruit tree, the Bamboo, and the species of Palm which proiluccs the cocoa-nut are among the plants. The supposition that those tropical plants were carried northward by the ocean is disproved by the fact that some of the trees stand upright, evidently on the spot where they grew. On the 1st of May it snowed 5 or 6 hours at Ban- gor, (Maine). It also snowed at Alexandria, near Washington City, the same day. The J^ational Debt of England was estimated en the 1st of January 1827, at nine hundred millions of dollars, — that of the United States at seventy- five million.s. The Quincy Rail-Way having been completed, ; the workmen are now employed in transporting \ the Granite for the Bunker Hill Monument, in i Charlestown. On the 20th ult. the work may be said to have commenced, and will now proceed v;ilh all possible expedition. — Essex Register. There was a slight frost at Savannah on the ' night of the 17th ult. ', Green House Plants. The Catalogues for 1827 ol' the collection o,f Green House Plants, now under cultivation at the l.innajan Botanic Garden, William Prince, proprietor, near New York, have just completed and maybe obtained gratis at the office of thR New Kngland Farmer. The cata- logue contains near C'JOO species, with the Kng-lish and scientific names and the prices attached— a large pro- portion are newly introduced to this country, and are in possession of no other establishment in the union. — Orders sent to the New England Farmer office No. 52 xNorth Market street, Boston, or directed to the proprie- tor, will receive prompt attention. Englislt Garden Seeds. GEORGE MURDOCK has just received by the EondoD Packet, the following Seeds, viz : Early Frame , Hi'tvpur and Charlton Peas — Green Imperial do. — Uvvarf or Bordering do — English, \\in.l5or and Long Pod Beans — Salmon and Short T.ip Radish — Red and White Turnip do— F.arly Dutch and York Cabbage- Green Curled Savov do — Early and Late CaUlifloiver — Salsafa, or Ovstcr Plant— Tomatoe, and Marteuoe — ^0<) lbs. Maegel Wurtzel— 50 lbs. Sugar Beet— 10 lbs. .Sweet Marjoram, and Thyme — 50 lbs. Rutabaga. 4t. May 4. ■T-C-r Valuable licni Estate. Forsale, the very pleasant I'.iim, situated on the herders of the towns of Saugus and Chelsea, formerly owned by Mr Nathaniel Boynton, deceased, and is kuown by the name of the Boynton Far.m, on which is a good two-story Dwelling house, large barn and out-houses, together with one hundred acres of excel- lent land, sixty or seventy of which are very superior for mowing ; cuts from thuty-five to forty tons of hay, and with a. little cultivation, might be made to cut seventy. The pasturage is sufficient for five cows, a yoke of oxen, and a horse. It is well supplied with excellent fruit, such as Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cher- ries, &c. with never failing springs of the best water. The peculiar advantages of ihis estate would render it the object of a gtutleman for a Country Seat, or it is a suitable place for a Tavern, or having a sutficiency of water, would make a good place for a Tanner. The sitaation for pleasantness, is not surpassed by any es- tate in the county of Essex. It is distant only six miles from Boston, and ten from Salem markets. For further particulars, apply to CORNELIUS C. FEL- TON, ou the premises, or to DAVID TORREY, Scitu- ate. 3t. May 9. Lead Aqueduct Pipe. THE subscriber, Agent for the extensive Manufacto- ry of Washburn & Goddard, Worcester, for manufac- turing Lead Pipe.«. has received and offers for sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market street, a large supply of all size Pipe, from f to 24 inch, made of the best materials, warranted sound, and equal to any English Pipe ever imported into the country, and which is offered at wholesale or retail, on the most favorable terms. Any quantity and of any size can be furnished and delivered at the shortest no- tice. Contracts for furnishing and laying Pipe in any part of the country, can be made on application to J. K. NEWELL, Agent, .May C. POU jL hot Drtlls Hi t« anileici ion Caps VVholfs le and Retail, Coustantly on hand at 6t) Broad Street. E. COPELAND. Jr. Further supply of Seeds. Just received at the New England Farmer office, No 52 North Market street, Boston, a further supply ol Garden and Field Seeds, which makes the assortment by far fh" largest and best in Boston. A list of which may be seen in last week's New England Farmer. 100 bushels of MILLET, of a superior quality. 100 lbs. Mangel Wurteel and Sugar Beet PRICES AT BOSTON. Corn, northern, Rye, - . - . Oats .... Lard - . . . Wool, full blooded merino, washed ditto unwashed " native " pulled lambs', 1st sort 60 to 62 69 to 70 40 to 41 0 to9J 35 to 50 25 to 35 20 to 25 33 to 3? PRICES AT NEW YORK. North River Wheat - - 94 to 97 Genesee " - - 100 to 10(> Rye .... 63 to 70 Corn, Borthern, - - 54 to 55 Hops, (according to quality) - 11 to 15 Lard, .... 7 to 8 Butter 18 to 2» 336 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PJay IL 1827^ ]MZ£SC;£3:<£>ANX£SS. From " Vagaries in quest of the Wild and Whim- sical:'' By Pierce Shnflon, Gent. [In Ihe following: verses is infused a Jitllc of Ihc freshness and simplicity of tin.' olden time.] SONG FOR MAY MORNING. It is May, it is May I And all earth is gay, For at last ciU winlcr i,- .lulU; av.ny : He lingerM awhile on his rloak of 5now. To see the delicate iirimrosi- lilow ; He saw it and made no longer stay — And now it is May, it is liay I Liquor at Fires We icarn from the Baltimore I observed that the editor, Mr Giftbrd, had boi Chronicle, that a lad, charged with having set of his power of conferring and rfwWi'.dVig fire to a board yard, was influenced, as shown by j 17/ i-e;)uto«io« testimony, to commit the act, in order to obtain the liqnnr wliich is usually distributed among those wlio work at engines. What a commentary this, on the pernicious practice of lianding about liquor. U is May, it is i\Tny ! .\nd we bless the day When we first delightfully so ran say ; April had beams amidst her showers. Vet bare were her garden?, and cold her b..wir.5 ; And her frown would blight, and her smile betray. But nov/it is May. it i-! .May. It is May, it is Mr.;. : And the slenderest ipray Holds up a few leaves to the ripening ray, And the birds sing fearlessly out on high, For there is not a cloud in the calm blue ■' And the villagers join the roundelay — For oh! it is May, it i? Msy! It is May, it is .May ! .And the flowers oi'ty The beams which alone ar« more briijht than they ; Yet they .=pring at the touch of the sun^ * And opening their sweet eyes one by one, ■ la a language of beauty seem all to say .\nd of perfume — 'tis May, it is May ! It is May, it is May 1 . And delights that lay Chill'd and enchain'd beneath winter sway. Break forth again o'er the kindling soul. And soften, and soothe it, and bless it whole. Oh I thoughts more tender than words convey Sigh out— It is May, it is May. Very likely : and in the procrates — I belie-e m Sanconiathan i3l t , • i , , -i 1 \ ^y.' v T k„r „■ MI . I u V a.Lumauui.j , gheridan having bowed and smiled at the compli- I believe in Mahomet ; I believe not m Christ : stands over. Bon JMots if Sheridan. One day, meeting two royal dukes walking up St. James' street, the younger thus mppantly ad- dressed him : •' I say. Sherry, we have just been discussing whether you are a greater fool or atlrt has since beat some of the (let lest horsts land over the most celebrated courses. His colour a very brig-ht bay — black legs, ii.i t*il — walks and tr ts well — is very good temi high spirited — active — full 15^ hands high and i(ier( d hy judges as handsome and well formed a h( found in the country Marcs liav been sent to him from all the Nc w Fj Stales, as well ns from the remote counties in tate and the neigblioiiring towns, and his colt: some and cnmmAnd high prices. Terms — §90 the season, to be paidijjefore the n are taken away. ' Nortbhorougfh May 4, lu'27; ' J.Sf A. Pales' Patent Hoe.% Constantly for aala^by French & Weld. 31 & Hi? So' .^larket sir. el. sofl^^nts for vending the same. Arril 13 lastly, I believe in all unbelief.— JVal. Journal. Ccivs and Saxon;/ l>ams. -For sale '2 good young milch Cow« and three calve; , , - , , , , • 1 .. I of the Galloway breed, also ]0 line imported ^axm ment, took each pf them by the arm, and instant- j^j^^j_i„q„irgoCj5p^-,j^j5ij,g SHURTLKFI ' f h It is an old college joke that a youth, on his matriculation, beinp- told he was to subscribe to ly replied, " Why, faith, I believe I am between ! 5^,^ near Chelsea bridge. holh." Al.: Looking over a number of the Quarterly Re- ."^r^PuMished everv Friday at Three Dollar.^ pt num. payable al the end of the year — but those wh the thirty-nine articles, very readily took out his view one day at Brooke's, soon after its first ap- pay within sixty days from the lime of subscrilnng purse and asked, " how much pearance, he said, in reply to a gentleman who ] entitled to a deduction of Fifty Cents ^InEW ENGLAND FARMER. I p,.i.ii..i.».i 1.,, 1...... ij u.,o...... ot \T„ K.i M .1. \,i.._i._. ^1. ! n .. ~VT"V. r." ::. r ir _ Published by John B. RussKLL at No. M iNorlh Market Street, (opposite Kunueif HalV)!— Thomas gT FESsEKDEM.Editor. OL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, 3IAY 18, 1827. No. 43. ^ R I «1^N A L PAP E R S. [by the editor.] THE FARMER'S C.A.RT. ot larfre teams and wagons, in rejrard to whicli, I res ami cases to wliich sin'^lc liors, , ,,rs of wa.' says Or Ander.on, the greot object of onmlatioM I oils are not so -vol 1 adapted as the commou ox. seems to bo to try bow an unmcn^c load of trends I carts of Now England, or the hoavy and slron' may be transporli.-d in one carriage without ro- lioise-wagons with wliich loiijr journ^vs are per Tard to any other circnuistancc. But this is act rts, like otlier ioiplemcnts, vary in their fo.ins I "'Sr indirect opposition to the best established modes of construction, according to the na- 1 principles of mechanics, of economy and of com- and situation of tiie ro.ids, and many other '"on sense. " 'Die parts of large machines nnist circumstances ; but for the purposes or{ !)e mado so [iroporlionably thicl;, because of th formed throughout the United States, ff the roads are narrow, rough ar.J crooked, a string oi row of siii;rIo horse carts, witii but one driver to several of tiiem, might not always preserve n rco'. ular line of march. And if two such strin°s ng, those of the single-horse kind are in | largeness of the size on which lliey are construct- should meet in a narrow passage, and some horse-- ■al the most advantageous and useful. TJioiCd, that tlic very weight of the machine itself is a for lack of discretio'n, or a dispo.sition to do ri' Suffolk. Mr Pope was in company whei in the Morea. I presume that your correspondent "^'^ covering was taken off; he observed tiiut th' has viewed vineyards in France, that, had he been ! P'*^_ces of stick appeared as if they had some ve, a stranger to their management, he would have j '^'ion ; and added, ' Perhaps they may prodi described the plants as " shrubs rising from 5 to () | something we have not in England.' Under feet." But " all is not gold that glistens." Dr i 'f''^ ''« planted it in his garden, and it produi Reos' in his Cyclopedia, informs us of a native grape of Grtenr, with long trailing branches, pro ! the willow tree that has given birth to so ' ] others." It is said, th.-it the destruction of tl ducing small black fruit without" seeds, which he j '■''f'' "''""^ caused by the eager curiosity of the ii inirers of the poet, who, by their numbers, so dis- turbed the quiet and f.itigued the patience of tb. possessor, with applications to be permitted to se. this precious relic, that to put an end to thi trouble at once and forever, she gave orders tha says it is doubtful whether the Zante Currant be precisely the same, — that it was cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew and other similar establish- ments." Now we know that the true Corinthian Grape is not without seeds. However I am inclin- ed to believe that our friend the " Lover of Plum • ■' should be felled to the ground Pudding," is in possession of the true Corinthian : "^'he weeping willow, in addition to the pensive vino, and feel as.sured that he will, with his usual ', drooping appearance of its branches, weeps littli patriotism, disseminate cuttings and plants from it drops of water, which stand like fallen tears uji extensively. the leaves. It will grow in any but a dry soil, '' Stili I must express the hope, that there may be no "^°^^ delights, and best thrives, in the immed: relaxation of efforts to obtain from Greece as many neighborhood of water. The willow, in poctil plants as po.-isible. There is plenty of room for language, commonly introduces a stream, oi them from Cape Florida to the Delaware, extend ^""'"''°" ''^"°- • j forsaken lover : — pass a s:ulf in which the willows dip Their pendant boughs, stooping- as if to drink. ing westward on the same parallels to the Missis- sippi. And although they may not be cultivated to advantage in JVeio England, yet as members of Chatterton describes the gieat Amcican family, we shall reap a share _, of the harvest by the formation of a ntw staple for ""' ' ^'''"^°«''"? the bubbling brook general consumption, that will add an item to our Churchill mentions, among other trees, coasting and internal trade, if our palates are not The" willow, weepin? o'er the fatal wave gratified. But local views on such subjects, I trust, { Where many a lovfr''finds a watery grave ; are out of the question. | The rypres?, sacred held when lover" mouri With sincere wishes that yourself and the vete- Their true lore snatched away, ran editor of the American Farmer, may be regal- In Shakspeare, Chatterton, Fletcher, and mil ed with )-ons< tet/" and plum /jucWina- in the g-oo(/ i other old English writers, frequent allusion old John Bull style, as often at least as your valu- i made to the willow, and to the associations i able journals are published, j ."iuperstitions connected with it in the minds of I remain, respectfully yours, English peasantry. Brighton, Itj Ma;/. S. W. POMEROY. I h .,1. V No. 4:i. MEH ENGLAND 1 AliiWEU. a:3[i is worthy to be recollected, that some of the 'tat trees known are willows ; nay, tiie siiiull- ee known, williout any exception. 'I'lio hcr- ;OUB willow, .lalii htrbacta, is seldom higlicr three inches, sonictunes not more than two, vet it is in ovory respect n tree, notwithstand- jthe name herbaceous, wliicli, as it has been rved, is inappropriate. Dr CUirke says, in liis Qvels in Norway," " We soon recognised of our old Lapland icquaintances, snch as la nana, witli its minute leaves, like silver mountain-birch ; and the dwarf alpine ies of willow : of whif^h half a dozen trees, 1 all their branches, loaves, flowers, and roots, ht be compressed within two of the pages of a r's pocket-book, without coming into contact 1 each other. After our return to England, imens of the satix hcrbauea were given to our nds, which, when framed and glazed, had the earance of miniature drawings. The author, ollecting them for his herbijry, has frequently I ipressed twenty of these trees between two of i pages of a duodecimo volume." Yet in the at nortliern forests, Dr Clarke found a species Aiillow " that would make a splendid ornament our English slirubbcries, owing to its quick ' >\vth, and beautiful ajipearaiice. It had much ' re the appearance of an orange than of a wil- -tree, its large luxuriant leaves being of tlie St vivid green colour, splendidly shining. We ieved it to be a variety of salix amijgdaiina, . it may be a distinct species ; it principally urishcs in Westro Bothnia, ar^d we never say," Isewhere." ON THE CULTURE OF SILK. Continued from page 331. At' putting the cocoons upon the thread, in orJr r prepare them for breeding, be at tlie pains to ICC a male and female cocoon alternately upon e thread, that they may be near each other for ipulatioii, when they come to pierce the cocoons; • d when the butterflies come out, you place them ion n piece of clean w oolen cloth, that is per- ctly sinooth, h.'.ving no nap or pile upon it, ftliich jy be hung upon the back of a chair. The male is easily to be distinguished from tlie male, by his body being more slender, and by ittering his wings oflener, and with a great jal more force than the fem;ile. When they ave been about ten hours in copulation, the male to be gently removed, »3 the female is suppos- d by that time to be sufficiently imprennated. — 'he female will then proceed to lay her eggs up n the cloih, to which tliey will closely adhere, nd upon which you let the egjs remain till about month before the usual time for hatching, when hey are to be taken from the cloth, which is gen- rally done by means of a thin piece of copper :oin, which in France passes for a penny {vn sol iiarqxie). ai d which is found perfectly to answer t'ae purpo.-iO. The cloth upon which the eggs are aid is folded up lightly and kept fill the proper season in a drawer or closet in a dry r-joni but not too hot. Every female butterfly is calculated to produce from three to four hundred eggs. The reason for recommending the egcs to be taken of? the clotli about a month before the usual time of hatching, is this, that it can then be done williout the smallest injury to the eg^s, which at that time are perfectly hard and firm ; tnit if delayed till the time of hatching, the case becomes greatly altered, because the eggs gradually sotl«n by the ap" proiich of spring, so that they cannot then be taken from the cloth without the evident risk of destroy- ing a great part of thorn. Were it possible to wind oft" the silk from the other cocoons before the insect naturally pierces them, that is the best time for doing it because the silk at that time winds off with much greater ease than afterwards. But as that is found to be im- possible, two methods have been pursued to de- stroy the insect in the cocoon, that they may wind off the silk at leisure, and with full convenience. The first method which was followed in France for that purpose, was to destroy them by placing the cocoons in baskets in a baker's oven ; but if the oven happened to bo a little hotter than was proper, the silk was by that means scorched, and often very mucli hurt by it. They therefore tried to kill the insect by the steam of boiling water, which could not at all hurt the silk, and they suc- ceeded ; so that the placing them in the oven is now wholly laid aside. The killing of the insect by the steam of boiling water is perforuTCd in the fol- lowing manner. Tliey build a little furnace of brick, of a kind of oval form ; the ground part of which is for holding the wood or charcoal which they use upon the oc- casion ; and to make the fire burn properly, they have a little iron grate in the furnace, upon which they place the wood or charcoal ; and over that, at a little distance they place a little copper caul- dron, which they fill with water, and make it boil by means of the fire underneath. Above this caul- dron they have another iron grate, upon which they place the cocoons, in a little open basket composed of twigs, which is jiiade pretty open be- Ureen the twigs, to let the steam and heat of the boiling water Ijave the ea.'jier access to the co- coons. To this cauldron and the grate above it for holding the basket with the cocoons, you have access by a little door which opens above the en- trance of the fire. The furnace is arched over the top with bricks, that when the door above-mention- ed is shut, the steam may be retained within, which in the space of eight minutes, is found efTcctualiy to kill the insects within the cocoons. The bas- ket is then taken out and put aside, to lot the co- coons dry, as upon coming out of the furnace, they will be all of them wet with the steam, and th'\v then place another basket in the furnace with more cocoons, taking care'so to keep up the lire, as to itave the water cauldron always boiling Charcoal is preferable to wood fur fuel upon this occasion, because it has no smoke. The smoke of wood spoils the colour of the silk, and takes away from its lustre. The smoke of pit coals would be still worse. Here it is proper to add, that after the insects have been killed by the steam, as above-mentioned, care must bo taken to stir about and move the cocoons regularly, at least once a day. If this is negl.3cted, the insects will corrupt, and breed worms in the cocoons, which will destroy the silk. After the cocoons are taken out of the fur- nace, and dried a little, as before directed, they should be wrapt up in a good thick woollen blan- ket, to keep in all the hot steam, and to prevent all access to the exterior air. This is done with a vipiv to stifle any of the insects which may hap- pen to be yet nlive ; and which, if immediately ex- ' posed too mnch to the air, misrht revive and re- cover their strength. They are left covered up in that manner with the blanket for five or six hours together ; after which they are to he taker out of the basket, and spread out upon a table ; and are afterwards to be stirred and moved about reg- ularly every day, us directed above. And yoi: then ns.'sort the cocoons according to their dif ferent colours, of which they have three sorts ir France, namely, the white, the yellow, and thosr of a greenish colour. When the insects are once killed, the sooner you wind off the silk from the cocoons the better; be cause it can then be done more easily than aftci they have been kept for some time ; upon v.hicl account they always wind off the silk as fast a."- they possibly can ; and it is done in the followini/ manner : they build a little copper cauldron into n small furiTnce of brick, with a fire place under it as in the other furnace already described, exactly in the same manner as we do in Britain, at the sides of our rivers, for the washing of linen at our bleaching fields ; at the end of which they havft u large reel wliich turns round with the hand, and by a footboard, and two or three little pieces of iron, at proper distances, with eyes to them, by wliicl. to conduct the threads to the reel. The cauldiOL' above mentioned they till with water, and keep i always boiling witli a fire of wood or charcoal ; the last, however, being preferable, on account of its being free from smoke. They then put from 20 to 30 cocoons at once into the boiling water, = nd, with a small brnsh of little twigs, (of heath for example) they keep stirring the cocoons about. The heat of tlio boiling water dissolves the gui:i that is naturally about the silk, upon which, a? the cocoons are continually touched and tossed from side to side amongst the water by the little brush, the ends of the silk attach themselvep to the brush. When the woman who manages the brush perceives that she has got hold of the end.-' of tlic silk by it, she takes hold of the silk thread with her hand, puts aside the brush, and pylls th^' silk toward.s her, which disengages itself with ease from the cocoons; and this she continues to do till she has got away all the floss or outsidf silk of the cocoons. When she observes she i.~ come to the fine silk, she breaks off and separ'atos the coarse from it. which coarse silk she puts; aside. She then applies her brush again till she has got hold of the end of the fine silk, all of which she sets apart, every fine thread by ifscll' by fi.vins it to a piece of wood kept near to the furnace for that purpose, till she has arranged tiic whole, or at least the greatest part in this manner, which by that means are in readiness to be thrown in, to form the thread of silk which is to be wound oft-. This done, she puts together the threads o,f a^ many of the cocoons as she inclines, according as she wants to make the thread fine or coarle Thesp she joins together, and after having put the silk through one of the eyes of two of the pieces of iron whicn are placed for conducting the thread to the reel, she fixes the silk thread to the reel ; upon which another woman, who attends to liian- age the reel, begins 'o turn it about with her hand, and keeps it in motion by applying her foot to tlie foot-board, and by this means winds off the silk from the coccons, which i-i done with great swiftness. (To be continued.) During four days of the last week, one hundred and fifteen vessels arrived in New York, 41 ot' them ships and brigs, bringing over 1500 passen gers, most of them emigrants from Great Britain. U6 NEW ENGLAND FAilMEK. May IS. 18->7. NEW ZEALAND FLAX. This plant, (the Plioimium Tenax of naturalists) is employed by the natives of New Zealand in the manufacture of their apparel, conl;i»-e, and for all those purposes to which iiemp snd flax are employ- ed in other countries ; which hitter it also greatly oxcels. Of this plant there are two sorts ; — one bearing a red flower, the other a yellow. The leaves of both are similar to those of the common flax plant, but the flowers are smaller, ami their clusters more numerous. The Zealanders obtain the flax from them by very simple and oxpeditioup means. The fibres are beautifully fine and white, shining like silk ; the cordage made from it was found to be much stronger than anything produc- ed with hemp. Plants of three years old will, on an average, yield 36 leaves, besides a considerable increase of oft'-acts ; which leaves being cut down at the time of clearing the quarters in the autumn, are found to spring up again the following sum- mer. Six leaves have produced one ounce of fibres when scutched perfectly clean and dry ; at which rate an acre of land planted with this crop, at 3 feet distance, plant from plant, will yield rather more than si.xteen hundred weight per acre, which is a very great produce, compiirod with that of ei- ther flax or hemp. New Zealand flax may be scutched with little labor or trouble. The leaves should be cut when full grown, and macerated tor a few days in stag- nant water, and then passed under a roller mach'.ne properly weighed. By this process the fibres be- come separated, and if washed in a running stream they will instantly becomo v^hito. When the fibres are thus scutched clean and dry, any kind of fric- don will cause ihem to divide inio any degree of fineness in the harle, so far even as to cotlonizc ; whereby it is fitted to all the purposes to which hemp and flax are adapted. A fine specimen of this plant may be seen at Mr Ploy's nursery. New York. We are not aware of any objection to its cultivalon in the United States. It will grow in eillier a dry or moist soil ; on a hill, or in a valley, but most luxnriantly where there is abundance of moisture. We understand it was in ;ultivation, last year, in several parts of England. .JV. Y. Salurday Gazette. (t/^A fine specimen of the New Zealand flax may be seen likewise in the extensive garden of Gardiner Greene, Esq. in this city. — Ed. Farmer. CULTIVATION OF HEMP. Until we saw the following letter in Kites' Ro- n-jsier of the 3Sth ult. we were not aware that Hemp had become so prominent an object of agri- culture, in our neighborhood, as it indicates ; and 4)resuming the facts stated by the writer arc cor- •rect, we hope, ere long, to see the attention of our farmers more directed to the ciiiltivation of so important and profitable a crop th;in it has here tofore been : more particularly as the raising of hemp (even at one half the price stated iu the let- ter, and in the absence of a foreign market for our present staple articles of produce) -vill be much more advantageous to our farmers t^an any thing they can turn their attention to. The pres ont season promises to be particularly favorable to the cultivation of Hemp. ' Saratoga county, JVew York, April 10, 1827. Dear Sir — Having observed many of yoar re- marks on the products of agricuUure, which indi- cate the deep interest you feel in the prosperity oC that important branch of industry, and presum- ing that any information having a tendency to pro- mote it, would be acceptable to you, I take the liberty to submit to your consideration the follow- ing statement in regard to the culture of hemp. In the spring of 182,5, a few bushels of hemp seed | the summer sun afforded by their branches, were brought into this vicinity, which was sownUveary traveller has often blessed the liberalil and planted for the purpose of obtaining seed : i tlie citizen who has converted the dusty roadi the quantity of seed raised the first year was ] a fair avenue of green, and bordered his poi SHADE TREES. The beauty of those portions of our high\\ since the last crop, those who cultivate it are not discouraged, but will we un- derstand, plant about the same quantity of land as the improvement of the face of the earth. [National ^Egis.] THE LOCUST TREE. Not many of the natives of the forest rival the last year. — Broom corn would probably become an j Locust in beauty and foliage, and none are more article of commerce, to some extent if Great Brit, ain did not exclude it from her dominions. She cannot raise a pound of it, but should it be import- ed from the U. States, it would interfere with the business of her brush and twig broom makers. It is stated that one nobleman has estates from which the sale of brooms made of birch twigs amounts to 57,000 dollars a year. [Hampshire Gaz.] valuable for timber. Its durability and hardness render it particularly suitable for application to the purposes of the arts in ship building and nia- chinery, and for the uses of rural economy in the construction of fences. Unlike most other trees, it invites the grass to grow under it : its small and rounded leaves afford shade from the scorch- ing rays of the sun, retain the moisture of shower.? .y No. 43. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 341 (^■w in liummcr, and by their nnniial deposit or tliici;. It succeeded in keeping up healthy di [nin enrich the ground. The ameliorating ; gestion, and a renulnr state of houels ; the cliild, on the most barren soil, the clothing oil instead of being Ccvorish, flatulent and fretful, as ;nd almost desert knolls with luxuriant I licr preceding cliildren had been, continued cool [ states, that he has discovered all the dynasties of |e by the cultivation of Locust groves, is j and cheorful, free from any symptom of indigcs- j I^g'yp'o *r<"n Minos to tlic times of thiV Romans ; ificd in almost every spot where they grow, tinn and cutting his teeth without any constitu- , tint ho can show that Osiris was a real person ^ Dctyphering of Iluroi^h/phic.': — •' Hrofessor Scymirth of Leipzig, who Jia.s been employed in dccyphcring the Lgyptian Antiquities at Rome, n, I few trees have been planted, little care rod for their propagation. Sliootsai'C con- tly sent up from the roots, or young trees )ni the seeds, and in a few years arrive to ty. The winds of the northern winters, it e confessed, often impair their symmetry of y breaking the branches, and the value of nber is injured by worms ; but loss from ;t cause can be prevented by proper prun- d the destruction of the gnawing enemy d by reasonable care But although our is not the most propitious for the growth tree, it is sufficiently favourable to allow of lining good si7e with soundness. price at whic.'i the timber hns been pur by Government for building vessels of war, :d at 7.5 cents the cubic foot, a^d a supply iional disturbance. — She ha;t continued this prac- 1 that he has found the picture of a .lew in bonds, tico with two more of her cliildren with the same J '^»d oilier allusions to the state of Silavory to which effects. We have known this simple uddition to ; the Jews were reduced. Ho adds, that he has the food of children prove very efficacious in inci-lfonnd the old and new testaments in the Sefitic, pient cases of rickets, and of irritable bowels, at- | ""d the Pcptateuch in the Momphitic dialect ; the tended with looseness, &c. ; but if the child be acts of the councils cf Nicoa in the Coptic Ian- disposed to costiveness, on account of its astrin- yn'ffc ; Coptic glossaries and grammars in the ent quality, a little magnesia should bo occasion- ally added to it. From the Middletown Sentinel. TO CURE THE CRAMP. Many remedies have been prescribed to cure this painful complaint ; A foot-board was recom- mended by a Middletown paper last winter, and is sometimes of great service. I knew a Doctor ^en""proc'uVed' with difficulty. The profit h^'Iio "sed one more than forty years ago, and he would result from the cultivation of the c=>"ed it his best remedy for the cramp. But the for the market, would be very great. The Domestic Encyclopedia, and my own experience, t possesses is increased from the circum- that it may be made the means for the im- jent of barren soils, and that the waste mav be covered not only with groves but isuriant vegetation beneath tliem [Worcester ^gis.] The seed of the Yellow Locust Tree may ained at the office of the New England MACHINERY. .ragraph in the last number of Niles's Re- slates that an elegant broad cloth power of New-York manufacture, was shipped onth for England for one of the Leeds fac- Some machines made by Mr Gilbert Brcws- hich had been sent, by order, to Prussia, en so much approved of, that he has re- fresh orders for the supply of a number of n machines and other machines for the manu- 3 of cotton and wool. " These (remarks jgister) are new things and pleasant." VALUABLE BLOOD HORSE, .le ship Samuel Robertson, Captain Choate, jrenock, arrived on Tuesday, was imported lebrated blood horse Commodore, for C. A. •mson, Esq. of Geneva, N.Y. The Morning icle observes that " Commodore is a blood G hands higli, rising 7 years old, with great md fine symmetry- He was sired by Caleb in out of Mary Brown, by Guilford (son of Iyer, by the celebrated English Eclipse.) rand-dam, Mr Golding's famous racer Vi.\en, t-S-o's out of Cypher by Squirrel, &c. gives us pleasure to see our farmers and men taking so much pains to improve the of the noble animal the horse, by importinn- !st English blood. CHILDREN'S FOOD. have taught me a better remedy, viz. Tic some thing rouud the limb, between the pain and the body, about as tight as a Doctor does to draw blood, and thef pain will soon stop. Temperance in eating, drinking, exercise, &c. are also very important in preventing a return of that complaint, Arabic language; iind Mexican manuscripts in j hieroglyphics, from which ho infers, that the Mexi- j cans and the Egyptians had intercourse with each I other from the remotest antiquity, and that they I had the same system of mythology. The celebrated physician, Duinoulin, being sur- rounded at bis last moments by several of the most distinguished doctors of Paris, who vied with each other in expressions of regret at his situation — " Gentlemen," said he, suddenly, "do not so much regret mc : I leave behind me three great physicians." On their pressing him to name them, each being sure that liis own name would be among the number, he Iriefly added — " Water, exercise and diet," to the no small dis- comfiture of his disappointed brethren. Rye-heads were seen in the neighbourhood of York, Pa. as early as the 8th of April. Vegcta- I have sometimes been troubled with it, after I tion, notwithstanding the variable weather it has very laborious exercise, and have used strips of had to encounter, is singularly forward and luxu- cloth which were cut for bandages, and have sometimes kept them under my pillow. I have not, however, had the cramp for several months, until lately, when, after a very laborious day's work, (trimming apple tree.-;,) the weather being very warm, I was much afilicted with the cramp at night. The bandages having been removed, I tried other remedies, such as jumping on the floor, rubbing tlie contracted muscle?, &c. without suc- cess. I then obtained my bandages "gain, when, by tying them tight first, the pain ceased. In about half an hour I loosened them a little and then went to sleep, keeping them on all night. — Medicine I consider but a poor remedy for this distressing complaint. A FARMER. riant. The counLry around York never appeared more beaUiiftil than it does now. New Potatoes were on the tables at York, Pen. on the 1st inst. We might nottliink this cxtraor dinaiy if we knew how they were raised. The Minor's . Journal states that the Mauch Chunk railway is nearly completed. It is stated that over some parts of the roiul, the cars pass equal to a mile a minute. This, if true, is c,u!ck travellin'T. SILK. Joshua Clarke,Esq. of South Kingstown, R.I. has made extensive preparations for the cultivation of the silk worm, and has planted, this spring, up- wards of 6000 mulberry trees, on which the silk worm subsists, and will, the next season, plant a larger number. The cultivation of the silk worm has been carried on with considerable success, in Vermont. Massachusetts, and in some other of the New-England and Middle States. Two or three of our country gentlemen, resid- ing in different parts of the State, have been for somd years engaged in the business, in a small way, and have met with success. [Providence pa.l j Refinnncnt. — It is proposed in London to con- duct the smoke of their fires under gronjid, to e rospectrnl distance from the city, before they let it taint the air. But the saucy wind may afterwards blow it over the houses — and place .i cloud be- tween the sun nntl nobility. Jean Baptiste Monarque has been executed near ady of Yorkshire observes, in a letter dated ' Quebec for the robbery of a parsonage house. A h 2d, that in con.sequence of losing her first younger brother was pardoned at the gallows, but children, one during teething, and two of remained to see the execution, and then wander- amation in the bowels, she gave her 4th child ed through the streets in a state of distraction e lime water in every article of food, ad- , Two blunders were made, which rendered the ex- a dese.Tt, and some times only a tea spoon- , ecution more painful than usual, 'lime water to every article, whether liquid ' The N. y. Chronicle lately gave a melancholy picture of the prevalence of dissipation ainono- some of IliP youth of that cily — and of the im- pending wrctfhedness to tlicin and their parents and other connexions. Mr Editor Carter, author of the interesting let- ters from Europe, which have been, for some time in course of publication, has returned to New York. A man has been put to trial at Dublin for a mur- der committed in 1798. The amount of domestic articles manufactured in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the year 1S2G, was equal to $], 700,000. The hills westward of Brattleborough were late- ly covered with snow. We are sorry to hear, from some of the upper counties of Virginia, that the Fly is making dreadful ravages upon the Wheat. Some fields, we are informed, are entirely destroyed. 342 NEW ENGLAND 1 ARMEll. May 18, 1S22. NEW ENGLAND FAILMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MAY 18, ISar. CLEANSE YOUIl CELLARS, &C. Beef-biinn, porlt-lirine, suffbrod to stand too long, decayed and lottinir vogctables, particularly cabbages, and other similar substances, in cellars, &c. are ol'ten the nnsuspoctod causes oT disease. Every liouse-Uoepor, particularly at tliis time of the year, will do well to carefully inspect liis premises, and sre that not'iing noisome or oiTcn- sive is left to pollute tlie air in and near his resi-, ilence. The carcases of dead lambs, cats, &c. in- stead of being sufl'ered to poison the atmosphere, .•md intiodncc disease and dcatli into the family of the farmer, (^houk! be covered with five or six! limes their bulk of soil, and suffered to remain for a few months. In this way their decomposition will impiegualo the soil with matter, which though nauseous and poisonous to aiimaJs, is food for j vegetables. It will be well to mix tlie soil with which such carcases are covered with about one part of lime to five or six of earth ; and at the lime of its removal also mix a little more quick lime with it to prrvent the disagreeable effluvia, which may arise vithout such precaution. MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR MASUr.K. Not only the carcases of animals, but stable and barn yard manure is rendered of little value by- long exposure to the air, sun and wet weather. — Indeed every moment of such exposure robs it of some part of its fertilizing principles, as well as contaminates the atmosphere. " He who is witli- in the spheie of the scent of a dunff-hill," says the celebrated Arthur Young, " smell- tji.it. which his crop would ha-e eaten if ho would have per- mitted it. Instead of manuring tlie land he nia- nurcs llie afmosphcre ; and before his dunghill is finished ho has manured another parish, perhaps another county." Fresh niar.ure should be kept as carofullly from the sun and rain as grass, which is cut for hay. When cattle have been yarded over night it will he w'oll to throw their manure into heaps, and cover them witli soil pre- viously prepared for tint purp'oso. The author of the valuable Essays, entitled " Letters of Agricola," says " Earth iaa powerful absorber of all the gases which arise from putre- faction. Put a layer of common soil along the top of a fermenting dung-hill from 12 to 18 inches thicl; and allow it to remain there while the pro- cess is carrj'inj on y.ilh activity, and bfterwavds separate it cardfuily from the heap, fend it will liave been iuvpregn;itOLl with the mo.<;t fertili-zing virtues. The composts, which of late have at- tracted so uuiver.-al attention, and lA'cnpied so large a s^flce in nil ngricnltural publicfttinns orig inated in the discovery of this absorbing power of t^ earth, and in the application of it to the most bWcficial purposes. A skilful agricultmist would no more think of allowing a violent fermentation to be going on in his dung-hill, unnfixcd with earth or other matter, lo fix and secure the gas eous alime.its, than the distiller woula suifer his apparatus to be set at work without jifermounting his still with the v.-orm to cool and o(Adtnse the rarified spirits, which asuend in evaporation. In both, the iiio.it precio;is matter is th |)1.V— No. ; iljtin almost . lajlarvm arc ! NEW ENGLAND 1 AllMER. 343 an almost incredible rapacity. Some ofl Green Mountains. By anii by wo stmll hear of larvm arc transformed into insects with two | Madame Ilniin in liie lieart of Massaclnisotts [Now York Enquirer. , others into flies with four winjs, and oth- to beetles. While in the larva state one of glutinous insects will suck out the vitals of y puccrons in a quarter of an linur. Re.Ki- -.1 At the battle of Yorktown, wliilst the aids of the American Cliief were issuing his orders alons; upplied a single caterpillar with more than a 1 tlic line, a man was discovevcd a sliort distance ,; cd puccroBS, every one of which it devoured | from it, who presented rather a grotesriuo uppear- s than three hours. — Loudon. I ance, bcini: dressed in the coarse common cloth worn at tliat time by the lowest orders in the riie harvest season last I back connlry, v. itii an otter cap, tlie shapo of Iftalhcr—inen.t was unusually wet, and the seed wheat con- 1 which very much rescn)blcd the steeple of a meet- und. From not adverting to that inw house, and a broad Icatlicr apron. Ilis equip- nstancn, or not taking pains to get good age consisted of a small woodchuck'a skin, sewed much regret has been expressed, especially together in the form of a bag, and partly filled with Eastern Shore of Maryland, that the wheal 'buck shot, an ox horn filled with powder, and an ry thill. What did appear, however, look- old rusty gun, whicii measured about seven feet xommonly well through the month of March, eight inches, from the muzzle to the breech, and very favourable; but, latterly, the ' which had probably lain in the smoke ever since th has been checked by very long continued the landing of the pilgrims. One of the aids pass- drying north westers ; and it is said the fly ing him in the course of his rounds, inquired of some places committing great ravages. On ^ him, to what regiment he belonged. " I belong where twenty ■ to no regiment," said the fellow, after lie !iad fired his ' long carbine.' A few moments after, the of- ficer rode by again ; but seeing the follow very busy, and sweating with exertion, he once more inquired to what regiment he belonged. " To no 1. Jackson, of Boston, is about publishing a regiment," was the answer, the speaker at the ise on the bowel complaints of children. g^rne time levelled his piece at a " red coat," who was preparing to fire, but who dropped dead be- eommittoc of the House of Commons has re- ^^^0 he had half raised his gun. "To what com- _aended an appropnation of ^■^0,000 to^fac^Ji- pj,,^ ^^ y„u belong."— to no company—" to what battalion do you belong" — to no battalion — " then whore the devil do you belong, or v.'lio arc you fighting for." "Dang ye," said the fellow,"! don't belong any where ; / amjlghling on mij own hook .'" — N. Y. paper. snffiri Irom 10 l(. 1511)9. '1 he |.iiui)ii. To those who good lands on Elk Ridge Is to the acre was expected, the destruction fly has been so great, as that the crop will, ps, not much e.'sceed five. [Am. Farmer.] I. Jackson, of Boston, is about publishing a ise on the bowel complaints of children. omuiittoc of the House of Commons has re- iiended an appropriation of £.W,000 to faciji- emigration to North America of 1900 ies, from the distressed districts of Lanca- , Yorksiiire, Renfrew and Lanark. miral Sir Isaac Coffin's Lancasterian School, to be opened at Nantucket on Monday, when lildren of seven years old and upwards were ed to appear and have their names enrolled. e Providence papers mention, that the Clian- r Livingston will shortly commence running een that place and New York ; and express ehensions that it will effect the interest of the id Line. een Peas have been sold this season in Phil- phia, at $3.25 per peck. 'he fund for the perpetual support and en agcrnent of public or common schools in Con icut amounts to more than one million seven red thousand dollars, from which an annual me is derived of more than $72,000. Cunf.clion. — l's«K 313, 2d coluniD, line 14 Irom Iho bottom, for 0/)/e™, rr-nd ^/)'- ra — and in the bottom line for larrrr, rt-aii Inrva. — paje 325, 3d column, fur " If too small a quantity of the jt:ice of currants he uscrl for the water, it will be heavy r.nd not so »:oo(l," read " If too small :i quantity of the juice of currants be used for the water, the wine will he Hat and unpleasant , — and if loo large a quantity be used for the water, it will be heavy and not so good." — Tiie last error v.'as made in transrribin«;. survey has been taken of Newburyport har- A breakwater is proposed to be erected length will be 7000 (eel, and expense $32,081. anel .Vnderson of the Engineers made the sur- \ splendid Arcade is to be erected in Provi- ce, resembling that of New- York. The stock 10,000 is all taken up. Providence is an ac- ;, thriving place, containing nearly 20,000 in- itants ; many of its builJings equal in si. e and uty those of our first class ; and it bids fair rtly to rival them in business, population aud illh. It owes its prosperity principally to the nufactories in the vicinitv. t Piano Forte Manufactory is about to be es- lished in Willistown, Vermont. Luxury is king sad inroads on the primitiveness of the To Correspondents. — An essay on the rose bug — an article from Lc Raysville, N. Y. — and one from Bolton, Mass. will soon appear. jVursfryman wanted. A person having a valuable nursery underway, wi-b- es to gal a person experienced iu ihe businesi to man- agre it on shares. Inquire at this office A|ril27 nt for an acre ol' l)rice is 60 « « nts for Ihi |)urchase by the quanlily, a lil'i ral discount will be "';»de. ' <;. rilUllBUK.V & SO.\. O:;. -'Ihis Lucerne, or any o Inr sorts of Seeds, can be purchased, a1 our prices, of Mr RuEseil, publisher of the New Tnsbnd Farmer. IJostor. U r'.oWit. 7viTiKlj()CK~l7aTjT^'rI^ived by' the London I'acket. the following Sti ds, viz : Early Frame firtpur and Charllon P(rHS— Green Imperial do.— Dwarf or Bor ' cnrly china dw'f i ' rob roy ' marrow ' quakcr ' white bush Milou, Carolina, water ' green citron pine apple -■' nutmeg ' canteloupc " ' Minorca 5 Turnip, early Dutch i ' French J ' . large Norfolk white stone Lucerne. The great importance of an exchange ofSeeds Is ac- knowL-dged by every agriculturist. To afford, there fore, our customers the means of thus improving their farms and gardens, has heen the study of the subscrib- ers for many years, and for Ibis purpose they have for- med connexions with some of Ihe most respectable seed estahlisbmenis in Europe and have received by late arrivals from Britain, France and Holland, a verj- extensive collection of valuable seeds for Ihe Garden and Farm, — among those for the latter, and Ihe most important to Ihe farmer, is the Lucerne, or French do- ''r— There is nothing at present known with which the soil can be cropped, that will produce any thing like the quantity of fodder as this grass ; it has also the quality (so essential to the soiling system in Ibis country) of not being alfpcted by Ihe long droughts and beats of our summers : it is also a well established fact, thai it has kept the ground (or thirty years (rom the time it was first sown, in certain plaees in this state, without the seed having been once renewed. The time for sowing is April and May^The quantitr of seed Dutch case knife J ' common field large Lima pole ' Marjoram, sweet Canadian dwarf Pumlcpins, finest family Windsor ', Squash, early bush thousand fold I ' crook neck white kidney \ marrow 100 bushels ol MILLET, of a superior quality. 100 lbs. Mangei, Wurtzel and Si/gar Beet. Sweet or Sugar corn — lest for boiling ears. L50 lbs. Lucerne, It is the object of the Publisher of the Nev; Eng- land Farmer to keep, not only every kind of seed used in the Garden and Field, but other rare and useful sorts used by diers, and by farmers who have leisure and disposition to introduce new kinds of vegetables. From his connexion with our best Seedsmen, he is able to furnish orders for any Seeds raised in this country, at moderate prices. For the quality of the Seeds sold at his ottice this spring, he refers with eonfidencs to any person who has tried them. 344 NJEW ENGLAND FARMER. »XZSOSI.Z.ANX&S. May 18, \gii. THE SPELLS OF HOME. [Br MRS IlEMANS.] By the soft green light in the woody glail'-. On the banks of moss where thy chiUlhooJ j^I^v By the wavinj; free through which thine evo First look'd in love to the summer sky ; By the dewy gleam, by the very breath, Of the primrose tufts in Ihe grass beneath. Upon thy hcari then; is laid a spell — Holy and precious — oh .' gii^rd it well ! By the sleeping ripple of the stream, Which hath luUM thee into m:uiy a duaui : By the shiver of tlie ivy leaves, To the wind of morn at Ihy casement cave; : By the bees' deep murmur in the limef. By the music of the sabba'.h chimes; By every sound of thy native shade, Stronger and dearer (he spell is made. By the gathering; round l!ie VvitiUr hearlh When twilight calPd unio household iiiii!',! ; By the fairy tale or the legend old In that ring of happy faces told, By the quiet hours when hearts unite In. the parting prayer and the kind "good iji^iit •."■ Bf the smiling eye and loving tone,. Over thy life has the spell been thrown. AnJ bless that gift I— it hath gentle mighf. A guardian power and guiding light I It hath led the freeman forth to slriiid In the moualain battles of his land ; It hath brought the wanderer o'er l!ic st;i;. To die on the hills of his own fresh breeze ; And back to the gates of his father's hall, It hath won the weeping prodigal. Yes ! when thy heart in its pride would stray, From the loves of its guileless youth away ; When the sullying breath of the world would come, O'er the Bowers it brought from its chihlhopd's home ; Think thou again of the woody glade, And the sound by the rustling ivy made. Think of the (reo at thy pareiits' door, .And the kindly spell shall have power once men 1 Judge Ruffin, of N. Cavoli'.ia, has detined, on a iate trial, that a husband ha.? a right tdl wliip liis wife moderately — or whip licr into moder.iiion perhaps. But the tvornon nill probably jpronouncc this common law savage Inw, und tfie Judge a '■ Ruffian. The Judge seenis to be ofithe Havne school as one in Canada v.-ho lately gaw a siiai'ar decision. Are they married and dare tl give such judgements? So, a wife i.? to be ch^ti.i,.^-n-.i>juu.f iiuo Torsale, the very pleasant Farm, situated on „ ., Y"""" "■'""""■ '""^ • : borders of the towns of .Saugus and Chelsea, forohi Garrick hearing of this, was so much alanuod, ; owned by Mr IVathaniel K.-.ynton. deceased, as* that he got a nobleman to [lersuade Footo ' ' " - . - abandon his mirth-moving design. CEREMONY. It is remarked by some writer tliat excess to hnown by the name of the Boynton Tarm, on ttU j is a good two-story Dwelling house, large barn ■ out-houses, together with one hundred acres of exc ; lent land, sixty or seventy of which are very supf J for mowing ; cuts from thirty-five to forty ton? oft „„, . , ^ ,, , , ,. ~, . ? : and with a little cultivation, mi?ht be madi. to ceremony shows want oi good breeding. Tins is , seventy. The pasturage is sufEcien. for m.e cow true. I here IS nothing so troublesome as over- 1 yoke of oxen, and a h.irse. It is well supplii J v done politeness; it is worse than an overdone f^.="''^l'<^"t fi'uit, such as Apples, Pears, Peach.. -.CI of the best wa ).erson about him feel at ease ; he does not throw ' /."'' P^^^'-a; advantages of .his estate wonhl , . nd. „;„,i;,;„„ „L . i- -i, , , i Ine ohject 01 a gentleman for a Country Seat r>i it civilities about him with a shovel, nor toss com- 1 = =„;...i,i.> „i„„,."'r.. . ,■ - having a ^'rlkie- ■| beefsteak. A truly well bred man makes every ' ''''^^' ^"^^ "''^'' "''^'^■' ''^'''"S -" - I The peculiar advantages of ihis , , . the object of a gentleman for a =1 s^o^'f^l' "or toss com- 1 a suitable place for a Tavern, ni phmenls in a bundle, as ho would hay with a of water, would make a good place for a"Tann pitchfork. There is no evil under the sun more '''■«]cd his palate with a slice of fine ven- ate. at i\!-»v 9 ison or savoury goose, it is an insult to his taste, | ' /. Sf .3. Fates' Patent Hoes, ~''^ to apologise for having given him a bad dinner.— | Constantly for sale by Fr, nch & VV.ld. 31 & .j; Soi jlJarket street, sole agents for vending the saih. . It is as much as to tell lum he is no judge of bles — that his palate is tasteless and Gothic — t!iat he does not know the difference between turtle soup and soup mriigre — between a young partridge and an old hen — between an innocent and un- sophisticated young pig, and an ancient patriarch April 13. The Macon (Geo.) Tt.Oirraph says a machine has been invented for making Lee's Pills by Steam, by means of which five pocks can be man- ufactured in a iiiitvjtc. Cows and Siixony Hams. ^ For sale 2 good young milch Cows and thri ' mportiil TLF.lt Chflsta fridge. , .Api PO\V|)Tk, Shot, Balls, Hints, and I'erc^-;. afthe Calloway breed, also 10 fine i Rams— Inquire of EKNMAMI.X SHUR a! ram. It is an indir-.-'t v. ay of giving the lie. to i^ tell a man that he has made no dinner, when the ' ^L > , . r> . .■ ^ • . . , „ ,. . , . J. " no. IS le ana Retail, t o incipient horror.'! of di.^pepsia are on him for over- 'Street. eating. It is as fair ground for a " quarrel of the r.>. . i hi l^ih seventh cause," as any contrressionai matter can '•i'rPubli^hed i vi rv Frilay at Three Dolh-r- possibly be. You don't drink, says a host to one ""■"- payable at (hi end of the year— but t; of his guest!?, after Champaigne has completed a ""J: 7'''''" '"'i'y ^"y^ f™™ !''' ''"'* "I" -""'""■' , .. 1 L A\. 1 ... i- .u .1 entitl'-d to a deauctioB 01 I-iItT cents. revo!ution.|qua! to th*; yearly rotation of the earth. ] -' istantly on hand at t r. coprL.\\: III ;eij NEW ENGLAND FARMER. VOX.. V. Published by JoH.N_aRrssF.i.L at Xo. ,VJ North Market Street, (opposite Fm\uoi\ Hall) Thomas 0. FEssniinEN, Kditor! No. 44. ) R I G 1 ]\ A L P A P IC 11 S. , i "'« choose a ilo.si.^^ flavor." He adds - If i;,c . .- T - - — -u^- I ni.iw be salted an.) dried for a week or two i-.ear NATIVE CATTLE. i the (ire, it will do fur the purpose again almost as T Fessem)e>- — ! send you a cup of cream I well as before." a naiire cow which I have owneil about four Another receipt is as follows : "after the maw I. The cream from this cow has thereniarka- , '""s been n-ell clcaii'eJ and salted, and dried upon Kopcrly of hardening to the consistency q/" inis animal acid is extremely apt to become iftancid and putrescent, and that great care is ne- — cessary to apply u =iumcieniin..^.,i;i.j oi saii. r.^ , — RENNET FOR CHEESii. ; serve it in its best state. Tiio rank and disagroo- Jairy women usually preserve the maw, and the able taste too frequently found in cheese is fre [BY THE EDITOR. I d contained in it, after sotting them, and then sleeping this bag and curd, make a rennet to n tiicir milk for making cheese. But a more iple method, and which is equally good in every pect, is to throw av.^ay the curd, and after steep- it in pickle, stretch out the maw upon a slen- : bow inserted into it, which will soon lie very quently caused by the rennet's having been badly preserved. CUCUMBERS, MELONS, &c. The following directions from Denne's New England Farmer, for stopping or topping c\icum- bers, melons, &c. may be of consequence to some f, ar.d keep well for a lonff time. Take an inch ] inexperienced gardeners : two of the maw thus dried, and steep it over The young plants should be stopped or 'opped Thtinafew spoonfuls of warm water, which at t-he first joint, by pruning off the top cf the Srst ;ter serves full as well as if the curd had been r""'"^!- bud. This operation should be performed served for turnin-r the milk. It is said that one when the plants have two rough leaves and when h will serve for the miik of five cows. I t'lO second is about an inch broad, having the first ia tiic Bath (Entrland,! agricultural papers, Mr | runner bud rising at its base; the sooner this is a-.ard gives 'thc^ following receipt for making! •detached, the sooner the plants acquire strength, nnet: "When the raw skin is fit for the par- j and put out fruitful runners. .s". three pints of soft water, clean and sweet, I You will see arising in the centre of the plant, ouid be mixed with salt, wherein should be put I at the bottom of the second rough leaf, the end of .eet brier, rose leaves and flowers, cinnamon, the first runner, like a small bud; which bud or ace, cloves, and almost cverv sort of spice; and I runner, being the advancing top of ti:e plant, is those are put into two quarts of water, they ! now to be taken off close, and may be done either St boil gently, till the liquor is reduced to three { «'ith the point of a pen-Tinife or small scissors, or ints, and care'should he taken that this liquor is jpinched off carefully with the finger and thumb. ot smoked. It should be strained clear from the j being careful not to go so close as to wound the pices. &c. and when found to be not warmer than | joint from whence it proceeds. In ten or twelve Qi!k from the cow, it should be poured upon theli^ays, each plant will begin to send forth two or aul or maw ; a lemon might be sliced into it, three runners ; which runners will probably show hen it mav remain a day or two ; after which it f'uit at its first, second, or third joints ; for if the ;houUl be strained again, and put into a bo vhere if well corked, it will keep good for tv.clve Donth.^. It will smell like a perfume ; and a mal! quantity of it will turn the milk, and give main or first runner was not to be stopped as above, it would perhaps run half a yard, or two feet in length, without putting out more runners, ■probably without shoving a single fruit. When SYPHON FOR DRAINING WELLS, &..■. A corrcspcndeiit writes requesting " some in I formation in respect to draining wells by means of a syphon." A syphon is a bent tube, or a tubf which consists of one part or leg immersed in anii [ ascending from a fountain well or head of water, and another part or leg, joined to flic part firs' mentioned, at its upper extremity, and descending Uj a jioint soniov.'hat lowcv than the surface of thf fountain. The whole ascent of the syphon fron' the surface cf the fountain should he somewhat, less than 3:) foot perpendicular height. If it as ccnd to a greater height it will not operate. The leg through which the water descends and from which it is delivered, must be so situated that the orifice at its lower estremity, through which thf wafer flows, when it quits the syphon may be be- low the lerol of the surface water in t!ic fountain. If the syphon fail in that particular it v.ill not op- . erate. By means of a syphon v/ntcr may he drawn up the bank of a river ''^e side "'" a ditch, the wall of a cellar - "■'^''> ^"^ ""(J delivered at acv place or »'--• *"''''''"=g '» which the oui^^ i-6 -..: bo carriod, by a small tlcscct,-^ (i,,t fSc adjutage or place of delivery be below the surface of tnc water in which the lower end of the shorter leg is immersed. But the tube comprising the syphoa must be perfectly air tight, and the air pumped out, or excluded by other means in order to set, the niacliine in operation ; w-hich is done by the weight of t!ie atmosphere, jiressing on thesurfact- of the water, and forcing it up the tube. If the' syphon be large or very long it may be ditficult to accomplish the exhaustion of air from the tube by the ordinary means of a common suction punip. — But it may be easily done as follows, to wit: Plug up both ends of the syphon, and, by a hole made at the angle or upper extremity of the legs pour in water till you have filled the syphon. Thei: stop the hole v.'hich admitted the water, and un- stop the ends. The water will begin to run, im mediately, and will continue to flow as long as the appr.ialus lasts, or till the fountain is exhaust ed. SMOKE SERVICEABLE TO POULTRY. " The celebrated agiiculturist, Arthur Young, says, " t!ie poultry house should contain an apart ment for the general stock to roost in, another for selling, a third for fattening, and a fourth for food If the scale is larger, there should be a fifth for plucking and keeping feathers. If a woman is kept purposely to attend them, she should have her cottage contiguous, that the smoke of her chimney may play upon the roosting and setting rooms ; poultry never thriving so well as in warmth and smoke ; an observation as old as Columella, 346 NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. Jlay 25, }8U7. and strongly confirnied by the quantity bred in the smoky cabins of Ireland." A meeting of the .Teffersnn roiinty Agricultu- ral Society v\ as held in VVatcrtowii on the 27th lilt, when it was resolved to have a Cattle Show and'Fair tlic ensuing fall, and also to petition the Legislature for an Act of Incorporation. Officers and committees were appointed, whoso names, with a list of preminms, will be given shortly in a I corn in the car, and eleven thousand five hundred handbill. The President, Mr Lk Ray de Chau- and fifty pounds, or five tons three hundred weight 3I0NT, favored tlie meeting with a few remarks, of stalks, which made very good fodder for cattle tive account, the expense of the lime or manure. I have considered them as a necessary appendage of the field aiiovc mentioned, to render it of an equal capacity for producing corn as the other land, though it was thought by the workmen of a nature better adapted to the cultivation of it. — Tiioso who have not seen standing, the corn sow- ed broad cast, will be surprised to hear that the two acres thus treated produced 150 bushels of vhich are published at the request of tlic meeting They display the unremitting exertions of this best of men in endeavoring to ascertain tho ob- jects, the pursuits of which will most promote the best interests of the inhabitants of this county and to point out to the public at large, the great inducements here offered for the industrious and enterprising. Remarks of Mr. .T. Lk Ray de Ciiaukont, at ikt late meeting of the Jefferson Coimty Agricultural Society, .Veio York. Gentlfmen — You are apprized by the notice of this meeting, that the purpose is not only to 'ransact the ordinary business of our Society, but also to inquire into tlio propriety of petitioning the Legislature for an net of incorporation. — Among the reasons whicli may be adduced in fa- vor of ibis measure, 1 will mention one wliich may not have occurred to other persons. Tliere lire .;ome landholders in the county, who might feel disposed to make a grant to the Socicly, of some properly which it will require powers to hold. I have not consulted the persons whom I have more particulartj in my niind, in speaking thus ; but I should think, frou. o„/ir cna.,„,er, and from their llhpralitv in nthor instances, iha. ^ ,y ^^.,-,„].i h,, iiappy in hiivino- n-- ^rf^''-^''"-y of inal-.ing a dona- lion I" a Society, whoso efforts to improve th .-;ounty they cannot observe without satisfaction and pride. I avail myself of tliis occasion to offer you some remarks, which I liopc you will receive as a token of my sincere and constant solicitude to be of much utility to our Society as n;y foable pov, will permit me. The successful cxpeiiment I have made last year, in sowing corn broad cast, prompts me to and changes of weather, permit me to recomi) you to make the experiment of cutting pli your wheat before it is quite ripe, say abouj days sooner than you would in following the] time to begin the harvesting of wheat. The! ity of the grain is improved by this process, 1 somor, more substantial, and produces modi better nouiishment. I am credibly informed in tho south part of France, tlio bakers larger price for wheat so harvested. Repl experimehts have proved there was at leastf cent, added to the nourishment by that proce A very great advant^.ge of this mctliod, will strike you at once, is that it diminishes i bly the unfavorable chances you are expog when you wait till your wheat is quite ripe td ydV- during fall and winter. 1 must conl'oss, the season was very favorable, while I remain confident that, upon an average of seasons, the farmers who will give tlie experiment a fair and steady trial, will find it advisable toi Tl o great point is to relze the proper roomeni have a certain proportion of corn cultivated in i if you were to cut the wheat too soon, the that way. Supi;ose ton acres a farmer would Iiave j would shrink and be injured. The time i set aside for raising corn this year, in liis ordinary when, in pressing the grain between your finj way of distributing his crops ; I would recom- you find it giving away as would the crumi mend him to have one half of those ten acres ' bread so pressed, when taken from lb sov.'ed broad cast. The first advantage he will \ After the wheat is cut, you must lieat it as goi reap from the division is, that he will avoid the { ally practised in the harvesting of rye or frequent inconvenience of finding himself unable ! leaving it to ripen in the field, and movini to cultivate his field of corn as it ought to be, and ■ sheaves, if the weather requires it as probably he first contemplated. But how often -f his process has been adoijted and founi unforeseen events and weather have disappointed ! ,,„^\ver tince several years, in different pari such calculations, and left a fiold too much a prey | England, France and Italy. I tliink it more si to weeds, tho result of which is not only to dimin- 1 |,ie to our climate, which is during the ti, ish tlie crop, but to leave the soil in a bad condi- 1 harvest, a great deal less subject to long rai.. tion. In the way I recommend the wiiolc care ' ^,^.en fogs, but more exposed to intense'^hcat which was to be consecrated to the ten acres, be- 1 nrcal winds. in" now entirely to tho five acres, they will give; ..r,-, . , • ■ ■ , w "'-■'- . !•'_*-. . While wc have been rejoicing in this countjf4 the result of the last favorable season for f crops, the abundance of which has been felt ii a larger crop and leave the grti.,nd in tlie desira ble order. Tho part which will bt oowed broad cast, in the way I recommend, will be h...,t natu- rally free from weeds, provided the field was .,ot \T^ every d...rict, we have found more than < "fll„.'°-/.r,,y by ...M, nernicio,.= pl.uts as the ^"e ^vant of a canal to carry nway the greal Canada thistle, which a good farmer must notsuf- •^''.-''^ of our produce, and what has been sonti fer to remain in the ground. While your corn is "''"''='' '^^ ^'f 'g'''"? ^o the Erie canal will, I hM^, carry abroad a strong conviction of our justclaj to tho support of the state for a more easy aceT to market ; for though the road from here tol canal has been almost constantly covered withL sleighs carrying our produce, how much morel growing, you will be able to jodge what will bo more desirable for you, to have more fodder or more grain produced in yo'T field tliis year. That part sowed brond cast oan either be consecrated to produce merely fodder, or srain and fodder, conformity to vour wants. You can also cut a ^^^'^ '" °'" '',"'"' 'T ' '"'"''°' ^° P-'op^ed in ., part of it green, to feed your cattle when wanted. ""'^ ^°„"'^;' ourselves of the remaining sleiifhit This you can do by large strips, givincr thereby f T '' "°"''^'e'-' » ffrt^^'t cncouragemer.t is o . , = , , r .„ more air, and a belter chance to come "sooner to ^"°^' ''''.''" ""' ^T-'"' '° " ^'^""^ P"' °f °'" '^O'"" recotnmend to follow that method for a part of I maturity to the plants left on both sides of the , '^"■'.tinuing their eflorts to get from our the ground which each farmer would consecrate [ strips cut to feed your cattle. For that cultivation j^^atever can be more advantageous forma 1.0 the rai^ing of corn. I cultivated, in that wav, | vour ground must bo well prepared. The grain , Oswegu canal wi.l bo open before we two acres. The land is good, but was not so well i must be well soakod and roUod in either lime or 'f I'"/'"'^ "^ "''^ ensuing crops. Wo mrst prepared as it ought to have been. No manure I plaster, which would be better. It must be sowed ^' ' ^^""^ "P« ardsot one hundred miles rke we hav cot icl^'i imitsi and that from those borders wc can send our duce to New York for tho same price as ft Rochester. iias over been used upon it, since it has been'ns .soon as possible after the last plou-hino- and '"O'^ ^n"" ""e Halt ot .he extent of the li cleared, upwards of twenty years ago. I had only I harrowin-r of the ground, then harrowed in and ""^ ?w fL' J"^? ''"'■Coring on a sloop navi one bushel of phiiler sowed upon each acre, after i rolled. I take this opportunity to observe, we * the corn was in thn ground. | don't make enough use of the roller I cultivated at the same time, in tho usual way, | In some remarks I took the liberty to impart to, .■several acres of corn in a soil favorable to the ' my fellow citizens the day of our last public meet- I The landholders in this county having g,^ncrallj raising of that grain. A great part of the field ; in a' the present moment, the favourable idetw guarded as well as we can against the vicissitudes ' ^^'e ''a^e of the advantages this country offers both ground had b Crab Apple , Thorn do. Sumac White Oal; Red do. 31ack do. Swamp do White Pine ■Norway dc Yellow do. Spruce dc. i'amrack Hemlock Balsam of Fi White Cedar Red do Saviu Hard or Sugar Maple Soft do. White Ash Black do. Chesnat Blackwalnut Butternut i3hell bark Hickory Bitter do. White Beech Blue or Water Beecii White Elm Prickly Asl; Spotted Aide I Black do. Alder Spice Wood .^unipcr ) POOR. HOUSE FARMS. A very intelligent committee of ti.o citizens ofj Philadelphia have recently visited Salem, for t!ie purpose of examining our JllmshoMo". Fr.rm. Wei understand that ih" guardians of the Poor, in I Philadelphia, have proposed the removal of their] pauper establishment to a farm in t!io vicinity of the city. They think that the expenses of support- ing their poor, which now c.\xeed 120,000 dollars, would be much reduced by the proposed change. Having heard of the success of our farm, they in- ctructod their committee to visit us. They v.'erc much pleased with our establishment, and regvet- ibat a scite possessing so many local advantages, .'.ould not be found m their neighbourhood. T!ie number of paupers in the Philadelphia Almshouse IS, we arc told, ah'ont I, -100. — Connected with their Almshouse is a valuable medical pstablish- •neut, from which is derived a considerable reve- nue for the support of the poor. As this would be lost by the removal of the establishment, it is one of the principal ohst-ncles to the proposed change. Salem Observer. 5 Wild Pluni ', .Tune Berry i Locust Tre' J Peppcrage. I! .nuns. S Blue Wortlehony ; Black do. I Rod Willow ■ Moo.se Wood, commonly ; called I.oiilhci- Bark. COMMODORE. An elegant stud horse of this name, was brought out in the ship Samuel Robertson, Capt. Choate, 'which arrived yesterday from Greenock. He was '■ imported by C. 11. Williamson, Esq. of Ontario- I county, N. V. is a blood bay, IG hands high, ris- j ing 7 years old, with great bone and fine symmo- I try, and is a horse of good blood and large mus- I cular power. He was sired by Caleb Quotem, dam Mary Brown, by Guilford, (son of Highflyer, ■ by Eclipse.)— .V. Y. Ev. Post. ! BOSTON BEEF. ! One thousand casks of beef, and two hundred I casks of pork, have arrived in London from Bos- ton in the United States. They were inspected 'jn- I on Friday, and were found to be of prime quality. Though these provisions cannot be landed, but for I c-xport to our foreign dependencies of possessions, I the circumstance shows the grcnt advances made j by foreign nations. It is likely, we should think, I that this meat, as being e(iual in quality to the ! British or Irish, will be purchased by the Commis- I saririt for our army in Portugal. This is a blow to tlie Landed Interests, which no system of Corn I Laws, will be enabled to cure. — Londcn paper. ! QJ^Tho above beef, wo understand, was ship- ' pod by Mr Horace Gray, and packed by the Mess. 1 Winclicstcrs. Si« • tie «' i»t' PROVISION TRADE. le papers inform us that a quantity of .\meri- can Be^f and Pork has been imported ;it Lond(m, and the quantity approved. It migiit be sold for exportation. Other products of tliis country, I hope, will hereafter fully find their way to that great market, as well as to their Colonies. Fish has long been a prohibited article, and a person in England, could, with difficulty, obtain a 'itl. of the best dumb [or dun] fish* (which is only procured in this place and neighborhood) and as a special favor. Beef and Pork are a great Staple in the Nortli- crn States, but o.s these articles seldom go in car- c'oes, or large quantities, they make little show in returns or reports of merchandize, the export and consumption are however continual, and the ag- o-rotate immense. THE TALLIPOT TREE. A loaf of this e.'itraordinary Tree has li( been brought over from the Island of Ceylon which place it is a native, and is now in the jt session of Richard Fletcher, of Hamstoad. % leaf is in a good state of preservation : It aifi ures fully 11 feet in height, 16 feet across in widest spread, and from 38 to 40 feet in circa ference. If exp.inded as a canopy, it is sufRi^littJ "* to defend a dinner party of si.x from the rai the sun, and in Ceylon is carried about bytha tivcs for that purpose. FRUITS AND FROSTS. President Dwight, in his " Travels in iX'cw land," &c. saya the common opinion that te: plants and fruit trees ought to bo placed warm southern exposure, to preserve them ttfi frosts, is erroneous. Ho adduces many factf prove that fruit trees should bo planted on n' western, northern, or western declivities, w they may be exposed to the r.ortli-western wii .\ while frost being merely frozen dew, tl objccc should be to keep the dew from rcsting't the plants. Tliis c-in be efi'ectu:illy done only exposing them to the free access of the north\( winds, the source of almost every white frosj Plants from which the dev,' is swept r.way by wind will escape ; while tho.;c which, by bi sheltered from its current, retain the dew, wi! destroyed. Major White, of South Iladley, ha orcliard on the northwestern declivity of a exposed to the strong winds that blow through gap between Mount Tom and Mount Ilolyok j These winds swept the dew from this orchari i efl'ectually, that its blossoms re;;ularly escaped I injuries of such late frosts in t'lo sprino;;as dcst jed those of the surrounding country. The iiihab itants cf South Hadley styled such a frost Majt l'r'hilc''s Harvest, because in sucli years his cide commanded a very high price. A Mr Lyman o Hockanum informed President Dwight that in garden, which was exposed to the northwest wi; the white frosts hnd never done any injury to vegetables. — Hainpsldrc Gazelle. FOXES. In Hawley, recently, a fox burrow was discov Few of our own citizens knov.- that a weekly j cred, and IG young foxes were dug out and killed. Seamless .Shois. — A method has been invented in England, of making a shoe from a single piece of leather, without seam. The mode of operation is simple. Thick leatbor is taken, and cut to a shape resembling that of a common slipper when pressed flat : it is then split by knives, .-idapted to 'he use, and the upper portion being raised from (he lovi'er, is made to conform to the foot by atretching it on a last. The superfluous parts are *hen pared oflf and the manufacture is said to ex- ceed in neatness, and to equal in durabilitv shoes made in the usual way Cattle Fair is held at Brighton, (.5 miles from Bo: ton) throughout the year, and in tlie Autunm, when droves are brought to market, no more im- posing sight is witnessed in our country. — Ei?:l'i ihr.vscnid head of Cattle, of all sorts may be Wu.-t seen together ; and a Gentleman living near has taken account of 93,000 in three weeiis. — Were these Bales of Cotton, or Hogsheads of Tobacco, they would load many ships. Hogs are chielly brought to town in Winter, ready to be barrelled. The writer has seen in the store of one packer, at once, a pile 40 feet square and eight feet higii, making many hundreds. Young and lean Cattle are also sold at Brighton to be taken back to the rich pastures of the inte- rior. (This is quite as useful, though not so noisy, an enterprise as a fox chase in England. In thW country fox hunting is a favorite diversion with many of the nobility and gentry, and some of the clergy. Packs of hounds ;ire trained to tlic sport, and 25 couple are ordinarily taken into tlie field at once. The chase is sometimes continued by dogs and horses for 8 or 10 hours, almost-at full speed, and for a distance of 50 miles ; and one chase is said to have been continued for about 120 miles. A hound has been known to run 3 miles in 4 minutes. The fox is pursued by the scent alone; this cunning animal often deceives hie pursuers by wiles and stratagems, and resorts to numerons turnings, windings and crossings. If he takes shelter in .a hole, he is dug out, or dig- What is not the least remarkable is that the ■ lodged by sending in a terrier, a small doj trained whole of the trade at Brighton is a ready money, to pursue game into their burrows. So great is or cash business, and all adjusted either on the the ardor of the chase, that hor.ses frequently run spot, or within a fev/ days, at an Inn resorted to jjienasdvcs blind, or die of fatigue, dogs perish as a "clearing-house" in this city. — Pall%dium. during the pursuit, and men sometimes break their » 'I'hese fish are in the be7t'^m)clit]oii in Vi inttr, ami limbs, or dislocate their necks. A pack of good are taken by boats from shore in the extremest wealber. hounds is a Vjiluable property in England, and has They are dried and cared without injury from being u^g^ soj^^ (-(u. ^ thousand guinea.?, f 4,667 dollars,) hnated. The best usually biinj; a high price, which tJ | " ' fj„-j_ faithfully earned. Vfol.V. — Xo. 1-1 NEW KiNGLAlSD FARMER 849 NEW METHOD OP BLEACHING AND PREPARING FLAX. ItV Tlir REV. J. B. EMMET. „ aocoiinl "f the distress which prevails in <■ oflhc manufiicKirin? districts, I have been iccd to present to the public the following t,q of blcachina- and preparing il:i\- and tow by riplo, casv and cheap process, whereby it is ,ccd to a beautiful dpgrcc of whiteness, be- ,es possessed of a silky lustre, and is made suf- ;ntlv fine to be manufactured into the finest, ds ;' hoping that it may become the moans, in hands of opulent manufacturers of giving em- .•ment to seme of the workmen, who arc unable noet with it. ■ho process is as follows t steep or boil the flax ow in a weak solution of suhcarhonatc of pot- or soda, in order to extract the colouring mat- rosin, &c. I prefer ih? subcajbonate to the e or caustic alkali, because, however diluted latter may be, its powers of corrosion arc so •at that if it extracts the extraneous matter per- tly, it will almost certainly diminish the nislh of the fibre: whilst I find that it may be | rougiily extracted by the former without pro- j ;ing\ny such effect : this I have proved by ex- imcuts made upon rst'ier larje quantities.— ; ash it thoroughly from the .alkali. j I'hc bleaching liquor is prepared in the follow, i ■manner: Reduce perfectly fresh charcoal ofj t porous wood, as willow or fir'- to a very fine 1 ,vder ; tic up the powder in a bag made of cloth i a c^csG texture ; i.minerse it into cold soft wa- J and work it by pressing it v,-lth the hands, j f.l such .-; quantity shall be diffused through the ter, that on rinsing a little flax through it for ew ir.i.nutes. and tlien withdrawing it, it shall Kghlly blackened. Put into it the flax to b,^ ;achcd, taking care that each parcel shall im- ,)e it to its middle. Whpn all is put into the _;nid, the water on being well agitated ought to clouded bv charcoal. I cannot specify the ex- it proportion as I observed it no farther than ; i^ that I always used more than was actually i quisite : in bleaching G or 7 pounds I never | ed more t'lan half an ounce. Agitate the liquid ; .d press the flax under it several times in the \ ly, iu order to bring as much charcoal as possi- e 'in contact with it. After about twenty or; .•enty-four hours, remove it from the liquid, hav- , .g it well wrunff. put it into a second, which may Mitain loss charcoal : aaitato as before, and after le same interval of time, examine a small parcel y washing it with soap and hot water : if the olour be good, remove it from the charcoal liquid: r not allow it to remain another day, until it be- omcs white : two or three days are amply suffi- ient if the process be well conducted. It is ad- ■antageous to spread it out thinlv upon the jrra^s, vet as it is, and having the charcoiil iu it, taking •are to turn it frequently for a few days : the iharcoal gradually disappears, and the surface ac- quires a pearly appearance. The flax is now to be rinsed in a large quantity jf water : then to be washed thoroughlv with ioap in hot water, till it is quite clean ; the soap must then be washed out by cold water, and the flax dried ; if on the grass, exposed to the sun and air, the better. Before washing out the charcoal with soap, the [lustre of the fibre will be improved by steeping it i 1 for eight or ten hours in water ju.st soured witli sulphuric acid; if this process be continued too hong the fibre will be weakened. The acid steep- I ing'' is not essential, except the flax bo intended I for particular uses. I The charcoal is easily v.'ashed cut, and that per- fectly, with soap. The ultimate fibres are perfect- i ly separated : they are so much finer than silk, I that 1 use them i.i the quadrant, transit, and mi- icrometers: the lustre is precisely that of silk; ' the strength of the fibre is not at all impaired. It takes such colours as I have tried— blue, pink and yellow, perfectly. The finest thi-e.-d may bo spun. Having made public the process, and particular- I iy an account of my reason for fo doing, I hope I that manufacturers and others who can forward : the introduction of the material, will bestow some 1 attention upon the subject. i P.S. It may probably be worth the attention of jtho Irish ; and particularly since the process may I be performed by individuals at their own houses, ' and may give employment to many paupers in the ; work house. NEW ENGLAND FARMEK. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1837. Eemarks hj the Editor.— The above appears to ■ bo an important discovery, and bids fair to lead to| very beneficial results, some of v.hich, perhaps, } may not have been contemplated by the inventor j of the above described method of bleaching with charcoal. The attraction existing between char- coal, and foul, putrescent colouring and infectious matter, wo believe, may be turned to better and more frequent account than ever has been done. In bleaching cliaicoal must have one advantage over the alT;;uies, acids, gasscs, &c. iu common use, to wit, charcoal can never corrode or injure the texture of the cloth or clher substance submit- jtcd toils operation. It may .-^eem absurd to at- 1 tempt to whiten cloth, &c. with lampblack; but I if we had any practical concern with a bleaching j establishment we should try some e;;periments ! witli a view to that result. CHINESE METHOD OF MAKING SHEET LEAD. The Sheet Load v,-liich comes from China is manufactured iu a way not generally known iu this country. Tha operation is conducted by two men. One is seated on the floor, with a large flat stone before him, and with a moveable fiat stone- stand at his side. His fellow-workman stands be- side him with a crucible filled with melted lead, and having poured a certain quantity upon the .stone the other lifts the moveable stone, and dashing it on the fluid lead, presses it out into a flat and thin plate, which he instantly removes from the stone. A second quantity of lead is i poured in a similar manner, and a similar plate - formed ; the process being carried on with singu- lar r-pidity. Thorough edges of the plates are ■ then cut off, and they are soldered together for use. * Probably white pine or pitch pine would aus- wer the purpose as well as willow or fir. THE SEASON. The season in this quarter thus far is one of ffreat promise to the tillers of the soil. The grass is abundant— and the English grain never looked better The fruit trees are casting their blossoms, and all nature is adjusting her garb of green. We have been informed that the season has not been so forward for sixteen years as it is at present. TBellows Falls paper.] ; BOTTLING CIDER. When you draw off cider for bottling you may. I probably, prevcul the buistiug of tlio bottles by setting them on the ground iu the northerly pari . of your cellar, and covering them witii moss. — iTliismoss you will he careful to keep wet with I cold water, drenching it from a water pot every ?. tor 10 days, during tlic warm season. Sec N. E. j Farmer, vol. ii. page 39-t. j FLIEP. ] We are told that the following recipe is as efli j cacious for the destruction of flies as solutions of I Krsenic, mercury and other poisons ; and has the 1 advantage of not endangering the lives and health I of the human species if incautiously swallowed.— ' Dissolve 2 draclims of the extract of quassia in half a pint of boiling water, add a little sugar ov syrup, pour tlie mixture on plates, and set them in places infested by these insects. BED BUGS. A strong decoction of ripe red pepper is said ti- be as efficacious an antidote to bed bugs as can b^ ■iclecied from the muliitudincus recipes for the same purpose. APPLE TREES. If the fol'owiiig statement is true, it is very im- portant ; and if not true it would be well that it mi''ht be contradicted by some one who has or may be iiblc to speak from experiment. It is taken from an Eiinipean Magazine ; but we have often seen and heard similar stateisents, originating from other sources. It is a rrencral complaint, that the finest appla trees of tins country [Great Britain] have degen- erated, and that many of the best sorts have en- tirclv disappeared from our gardens and orchards It would not be difficult to show that every suc- cessive grafting deteriorates the fruit engrafted ; or to pornt out an effectual method of retaining good apples in this country without the trouble of grafting , as in every perfectly ripe apple there will belbuiid one and sometimes two round seeds ; the others will have one or more flatted sides.— The round ones will produce the improved fruit from which they are taken, and those with the flatted sides will produce the fruit of the crab [or stock] upon which the graft was inserted. It re- quires not a long time to ascertain the difference ; for if .a circle is drawn in rich ground, and the flat sided seeds planted therein and the round seeds in the centre, the variation of quality will be discov- ered in two or three years. The first will throw out the leaves of a crab, and the latter the leaves of an improved tree, distinguished in shape and fibre, and with a woolly appearance ; and in due time the fruit of each will put every ihing beyond doubt. DRIED PLANTS. The London Philosophical Magazine for March 1S21 states, in substance, that on the tables of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, were exhibited specimens of dried plants, prepared at Massachu- setts, by the sect of people denominated Shaking Quakers. We should be glad to obtain informa- tion on this subject, and publish it as well for the benefit of the public as of those concerned in the- preparations alluded to. 350 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PARSNIPS AND PEAS. A friend of the. Editor gave us tlie following practical hint, which (though we have once pub- lished it, vol. i. jjagc :351)may be of service to sonic of our recent svibscribors : " Parsnips may be rais- ed to great advantage as a second crop to poas ; the seed to be sowed when the peas are. The It was unknown to tho worltmen there, and thrown away as useless under the name of t/ri/ hone. SEASONABLE HINT. To preserve the kinds of vegetables. — Many per- sons experience great disadvantages from the changing of their garden and other seeds into writer of this has been in this practice for several j those ol a worse kind, or into tliose of quite a dif- vears, and has, generally, found the crop of pars- fcrent sort. In this way pumpkins and squashes, nips thus raised quite as large, and frequently cabbages and turnips, gourds, and even cucum- larger, than those raised in beds by thrinselves. The peas protect tliem from tho sun whfu small." WHOLESOME MEATS. All meats, say writers on medical subjects, are best when the animal is at maturity. Hence to delicate persons, chickens, lamb, veal, pig arc not near so wholesome or nutritive as beef, fowl.mut- fon and pork. THE TIME TO EAT FRUIT. Fruit, says Dr Willich, should be eaten before dinner, or as a supper. A meal of fruit after a meal of meat is more than the stomach can dis- pense with ; especially with a meal of pies and puddings intervening. Phy-iicians, however, are j both will be spoiled not agreed on this point. SORE BACKS IN HORSES. White lead, moistened with milk or sweet oil, has been recommended as tho most effective appli- cation in the above complaint. SECURE YOUR MELONS AGAINST BUGS AND FLIES. A great variety of recipes has been given for the above mentioned purpose, and many or mo bers and muskmellons liave injured one another, and produced a mongrel unfit for use. Farmers and gardeners may preserve the purity of their seeds, n:.; well as the flavor of their fruits, by attending to a few rules, such as tlie follow- ing : Never plant tlie gourds near your squashes or yon will make tliom bitter. Never plant squashes with your pumpkins, or you will make them warty, hard skinned andtastO'- less. Never plant different kind.^ of seed cabbage near one another, or you will have a mi.xtarc. Never plant seed turnips near seed cabbages, or May 2.5, 1307, --. . ' '- % Moisture in Plants — The quantity of siift- moisture or rather of pure water, which soi plants raise from the earth is uncommonly gr'^ Thia is beautifully exemplified in the organi/al: of some creeping plants, in which tiic moisture frequently convoyed to the distance of forty, fifty, or a hundred yards, before it reaches 't leaves of fruit, or perhaps '.he assimilating oi of the vegetable. I have scon a plant of this that liad been accidentally cut across, continui pour out pure limpid and ta:!t;les3 water, in a quantity as to fill a wine-glass, in :il out hal hour. [Finlaysoirs Mi.ssion to Siai MEN RAISED BY MERIT. ^ Dr. Franklin, who from a Journeyman Prin. became one of tho greatest men in the civilij ' ^' world; and whose life, written by himsel. beautiful illustration of what may be eftected ' industry and application, IVatt, the improvel the Steam Engine, and hereby the donor of onl tho greatest gifts ever bestowed on the huoi jjf race by man, was a mathematical instrument Dl i. ker. in a very humble sphere. Ilis labours h(l(|„ benefited mankind to the extent of thousand Never plant good red beets near the wliite seed { tnillions ; and his own family by upwards of beets, or you will have neither red nor white. '"'"'°" sterling.* Sir Richard Arktcright, Never plant different kinds of seed radishes near one anotlier. As a general rule, never plant near one aaotlier any vegetables that resemble each other in many respects. VALUE OF A RACE MARE. Urged by curiosity, we were, on Tuesday last, oFthemj no doubt are 'in some degree efficacious, j present at perhaps as^ extraordinary a ^sale^ of an The best and s to enclose the young plants covered with milinet or something of a similar texture. The frames may be made according to the following directions afest way, however, is, wo believe, animal as ever took place in the world. ft was young plants with wooden frames, j the interest of the late Wi lli am Wy.nn, Sonr. Esq. in the celebrated Race Marc Ariel, which ex- pires with tho Spring of 1629, offered to the high- est bidder at New Market Course — and actually "Take a strip of fine- board (about three-fourths I sold, (the more use of said Mare for two years, of an inch in thickness is most suitable) eight or | when she is to be delivered to her owner in fee,) ten feet in length, and four or live inches in width, ; for the incredible sum of two thousand four hun- plough one edge of it with a carpenter's ^\oag\\'dred dollars ! An excellent comment this on the or match -plane— then mark oft" an equal number of ^ scarcity of money and hard times ! But as a jus- side and end pieces. Before sawing the side pieces j tification, it is whispered that bidders had in view run a brad awl through where you want to drive j the great purse(3500 dollavii,) to be run for on your nails, as it is not so likely to split, as after it '■ Thursday next, over the Tree Hill Course near is sawed. They should be of this particular size, I Richmond, for which Ariel is expected to be a because one yard of milinet will just cover nine boxes ; or a third of a yard will make three covers. After having nailed your boxes and divided your milinet, have some thin strips or tongues as the carpenters call them. Press these with the edges of the covers into the grooves, which fastens them competitor. — JV. Y. paper. FEATHER BEDS. The want of feathers is altogetlier artificial, arising from a disregard of the physical and moral well being of infants and children ; and he who has the good fortune never to have been accus much cheaper and more expeditiously than small j j^.^^^j ^^ ^ fp^j,,^^ ^^^5^ ^^i„ ^^^^.^^ j^ j^^^,^,^ ^^l^^ nails." CALAAHNE. The mineral treasures of our country appear to be interminable. Scarcely a day passes without the discovery of some new and valuable locality of those resources which make a country svbstantiulli/ independent of others. Dr G. Troost and Mr C. Leseur of the New Harmony society in Indiana, (the same gentlemen whose discovery of Cobiilt we lately mentioned,) have made a Riost important discovery, in a tour they took to the Missouri lead mines lately. They found at Mr Valle's diggings in Jefferson county, Missouri, and at other places in the neighborhood, great plenty of Calamine, the ore of Zinc, usually employed to make brass, and to furnish Spelter. or desire one, nor in sickness, except in cases of great morbid irritation, or excessive sensibility, or some disease in which the pressure of a firm or elastic substance might occasion pain. But wlien a rational regard to the preservation of health shall pervade the community, feathers a ill no more be used without necessity, or medical advice, than ardent spirits will be swallowed without the same necessity or advice. The physician has frequent occasion to see persons who are heated, sweated, and enfeebled by sleeping on feathers, as if from a fit of sickness, enervated, dispirited, rela.xed and miserable. — Medical Intelligencer. Cucumbers raised in the open air, have been sold at Deerfield, Oneida county, N. Y. great improver of t!io Cotton Mill, was a comi Barber. Tho great Dr. Hutton was a Coal Poi Huddarl, an eminent mathematician and macliinj and known from his improvements in the manufij tare of cordage, was a Shoemaker. BrindleyyS man brought forward by the dukr^ of Bridgewat* from the humble condition of a common labour* unable to read or write, became the greatest Oj- Engineer of his day, for the construction of cam Braman was n common joiner, and established hii self as a machinist in London, where he becar celebrated for his various inventions, among whi his Hydrostatic Press and his Locks stnnd pre-e inent. Leslii, who fills a professor's chair in t University of Edinburgh, was a common Skcpliert Boy. Sineaton, who built the Lighthouse on Be rock, (which is dry only once or twice for a fe hours in tho year,) a work of great difficulty ni merit, was a tin-plate worker. The last number of the Quarterly Review, ju published by Wells & Lilly, Court street, contaii articles on the following subjects, viz : — Mal-ai ministration of the Spanish Colonies — Millmap Anne Boleyn — Travels in Southern Russia an Georgia — English Synonymes — Sandwich Islmi ers — Church in India ; Bishop lieber — The Bui mesa War — Historical Romance — Law of Libel State of the Press. Early Potatoes. — Yesterday morning, April 3C we are told potatoes of this Spring's growth wen in market in this city. They were raised on Ar hour Hill, by an industrious widow woman, wIk has long attended tho market and furnished excel lent vegetables to our fellow citizens. — Albany pa * It is-calculated that Watt's improvement of the steam engine is at present an annual saving of la- bour to Great Britain, of 25 millions sterling! and that, with a population of 14 millions, she is equal in resources, with the assistance of the steam en- gine, to a population of 117 millions ! This will explain the power and the rank which G. Britain holds among the nations of Europe, being in re- sources actually superior to all that could unite- against her. , \ \o. 11. y,f jj'e notice vritli pleasure, a very great improve tliat has t;iUcn place in the operative tlo- ™„'jBJcntofour City police. The persons who wui smployeJ to sweep tl,e streets, arc precodcd ° man, with ii goodly siied wuteriiij^-pot vvitli ■oiitents of whicli he lays the dust, and puts ;iX tcrapiiig^ in a state proper to bo disturbed out endangering the eyes and lungs of pass- jrs, or annoying the shopkeeper, whose goods chance to be displ lyed at tlie dour or window. old practice of driving tlio dust Ironi its quiet legitimate repose in the middle of the streets, it with scraper and broom, to talcc upon black coats, sofas, and carpets, was not to our mind, and wc ilicrefore tlio more bearti- liin in the general felicitation of our citizens In the judicious application of water. [United States Gazette.] ■»)•« for Iniemptrancp. — We published some iths "ago (says the Taunton Reporter) ,-i pro- ption enumerating the ingredients used for the c of intemperance. The following paragruphs ply what v.as wanted in tliat prescription, viz. quanliti/ of each ingredient. It is from a cor- pondent of the N. Y. Enquirer : The success of my remedy is founded on that ..tUable principle in our nature that we loathe atever produces a disagreeable or unpleasant iiression. It is obvious that such impressions y ba obliterated by lime, hence a repetition of remcdv sometimes becomes necessary. The prescription which I have generally eni- ,ed, is the following : Antimonial Wine, hall' oini'c. Wine of Ipecac, two drachms. Tinc- e of AssafcDtida, one drachm. A portion of 5, and in cases of long standing, the whole of .s to be mixed with tlie liquor tov.'liich the per- 1 is addirted, and in many cases unless the pci- 1 i.i told, he will swallow the dose without sus- ion. AEW EiMiLA.^D FARiUEK. 85 i Discovtiij :Ships. — The ship Ilecla, Capt. Parry, nnd on a voyage of discovery loSpit/.bcrgen and 2 North Pole, was to sail from England the first ;ek in AIny. She has a compleuiert of G4 men, months provisions, 1000 bushels of coal, a li- larv, boarding pikes to keep tlie hears oft" &c. lie is lined all over with cork, to protect the men jm damp and cold, and heated air can he con- yed to all ])avls of tlie ship by iron flues. Tlie e boats are so constructed that they may be •awn by rein deer on the ice, or rowed by oars the water. A large assortment of fur garments o provided for the men : some of them lined ith the soft and warm skins of eider ducks. — he strength of the rum is rectified to .5.'> per cent. bovc proof. A part of the provisions consists of le essence of meat ; si.v pounds of the best beef cing reduced to one pound. The expense of this jod is $3.75 per pound. [Hamp. Ga?..] Tiiere are indications that the season will prove avourable for some productions, particularly fruit nd grass. We notice in the Taunton Reporter hat a farmer in Bridgcwnter cut and cured a lundrcd of hay on less than 5 rods of ground, on he Snth of April lust. Some of the spears of grass •ere measured and found to be 19 inches long. One hundred and :'fteen vessels with 1500 pas- leno'ers, arrived at New York in four days, last Iveek. Many other vessels are expected witli em- grants from Great Britain. Season of Blossoms. — Wc have visited, within tlio last few days, sovcrnl of the line gardens in the vicinity of New- York, for the purpose of o.x- amining the ologant shows of ilowcrs, now bloom- ing in all their charms. The lirst of those c.\hi- bitions is iit Mr Kinncrsley's, near the junction of IJroadway and the Bowery. His collection of tu- lips is extensive, rich, and beautiful, embracing one Itttndrcd (t7ui fort:/ varieties of all possible shades and colours. The flowers form a splendid parterre, sheltered from the sun by an awning Mr Neil's collection, near the corner of Fil'lh- strect and the Bowery, is scarcely loss numerous and brilliant than the above. Both of these florists liave taken particular pains to extend the varie- ties of the tulip, by importing the rarest plants, and producing now kinds by culture. The Gardens of Mr Prince at Flushing exhibit more than their oqdinury ckarms at this delightful season. Ills groves of magnolia and beds of tulips are in full bloom. Here may be seen the Chinese Peony, which in the splendor of its petals probably surpasses any thing of the kind to be found in our gardens. But the glory of the flowery tribe is a cactus spcciosissimus, a plant from South America, tl:e bloom of which is of rare occurrence, and gor- geous beyond description. Much to the credit of our botanists, their grounds are at all hours open to the inspection of the public, and amateurs who wish to witness the elegant display will do well to pay an early visit, before these evanescent beauties liavo faded. — JV. Y. Statesman. There will be few peaches in Northampton, but wo learn that in the neighbouring towns, situated on higher grounds, this fruit promises well. Platinum. — A rich mine of Platinum has been discovered in Colombia. There was a severe frost i;i Pendleton, S. C. May 17, which killed a g;c;it deal of corn and cot- ton. MrCarlcr in one of his letters from Naples men- tions having seen in the vicinity of that place fe- males busy in stringing the hind logs of frogs for the Naples market. A post-master in England has been sentenced to seven years' transportation, for altering the post- ase of a letter from 2s. 2d. to 4s. 4d. A H'ondtrful fl'ift. — On the south wallof Strat- ham church, there is a monument with the follow- ing inscription ; " Elizabeth, wife of Majjr Gen- eral Hamilton, who was married forty-seven years, and never did one thing to displease her husband." Baron do Grimm shrewdly observes, in a letter relating to the anxiety of D'Alenibert to be buried within the walls of the parish church, ' It is very stringe that the philosophers think it so much bet- ter to bo in tlie churcli after they are dead, and so mucli glory to be out of it when living.' Uad Things. — An unfaithful servant, a smoky house, a stumbling horse, a scolding wife, an ach- ing tooth, an enqity purse, an incessant talker, a long story, musquitoes, flies, float, spiders, and a dandy ! The duke Bernard of Saxe Weimar Germany, is preparing for publication an account of his exten- sive travels in the United States. This day received at the Farmer ollice, 52 North Market street, — from .Scotland, a large variety of fresh Turnip Seed, comprising the following kinds: White flat turnip, J Largo Norfolk '■ Vollow Scolcii garden ' r White stone ' Late rod top turnip, ? Common field ' Long tankard ' • Early Dutch ' Yellow stone ' { Yellow Malta ' Also, three pounds genuine Silver skin Onion. 100 bushels of BHLLET, of a superior quality. 100 lbs. Mangel Wuhtzkl and Suoar Beet Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. 150 lbs. Li'cEiiNE. — Flaxseed — Buck Wheat. Beet, e.arly turnip, ^ ' Yellow Cranb'rv blood t ' Windsor ' sugar l Melon, Carolina, water, Beans, bush cranberry l ' green citron ' pole cranberry { ' pine apple ' rob roy ' ' nutmeg marrow j ' canteloupe ' quake r i ' Minorca white bush j Marjoram, sweet ' Dutch case knife f Pumkpins, finest family ' large Lima pole { Squash, early bush ' Canadian dwarf ; ' crook neck ' thousand fold ' ' morrow With every variety of GARDEN SEEDS. BKLLI'OUMjKR. This celebr;.tcil horse, of a brijht I5ay, with black ff^s, standing 15 hands high, a telcbraliiri trotter, and a Irne descendant of the Fire- aivays, will stand at Col. .taques' stable, in Charles- town, during the season. Charge $20, and' $1,00 the groom — see New F.iis;lanfl Farmer, .May 4, 1826. JVurserijman tvanted. A person having a Taluable nursery underway, wish- es to get a pi rsou p.xperienced in the business to man- age it on shares. Inquire at this office. April 27 Roman. A very elegant, full blooded horse, imported with a hiipe of Impu'viwg the V,i-t-<«l, will etand il»!a 3eniK.n a: the farm of Mr blephcu Williaais in Northborou"i» County of Worcester. ROMAN was ]iurchased in England of the Earl o! Warwick and his pedigree has been traced in the New Market Suulbook from Childers, the swiftest horse that ever run over New Market course, through eight gen- erations of the highest bred horses and mares in Eng- land v.-iihnut H single cross of inferior blood. At 4 years old he won b, and at 5 years old he -won 4 prizes, and has since beat sonic of the fleetest horses in Eng- land over the most celebrated courses. His colour a very bright bay — black legs, mane and tail — v.alks and tr ts well — is very good tempered— high spirited — activt — full 15.J hands high and is con- sidered hy judges as handsome and well formed a horse as can be found in the country. Mares have been sent to liini from all the New Eng- land States, as well as from the remote counties in this state and the neighbouring towns, and his colls are handsome and commnnd high prices. Terms — $20 the season, to be paid before the mares are taken away. Northborough May 4, 1827- Atlum and Refined Salt Pet re. constantly for sale in lots to suit purchasers by E. COrELAND, ir. No. 65 liroad Street. Shoii — Balls — Flints — and — Percussion Caps, of the best quality at wholesale and retail. Roman yitriol of a superior quality, for sale as aboTe by the cask or larger quantity. S'n .March ?3 PRICES AT BOSTON. Corn, northern, - - - CO to G2 Rye, CO to 70 Oats 40 to 41 Wool, full blooded merino, washed .35 to 50 ditto unwashed - - 25 to 35 " native - - - 20 to 25 '' pulled lambs', 1st sort - 33 to 37 M 352 NEW ENGLAND FARMEU. May 25. 1827. xaxscsz.1. AjmEs. THE HOMES OF ENGLAND. BY MRS. HEMANS. riip stalely Homos of Kugland, How benulifiil they starn! '. Amidst their tall ancestral trees, O'er all the pleasant land 1 f be deer across their green-sward boiimi, Through shade and sunny gleam ; And the swan glides past them v/ith Uie soi Of some rejoicing slre.im. The merry Homes of Knglan.l 1 Around their hearths by night What gladsome looks of household lovr Meet in the ruddy liglit : There woman's Toice flows fortli i;i soi:;; Or childhood's tale is told ; Or lips move tunefully alor.j; Some glorious page of oid. The blesred Homes of Filmland '. How softly on tlicir bowers Is laid the holy quietness That breathes from irabbath-hours; r^o!emn, jet sweet, the chRVcli-hell's c!:ni ■■ P'loats through their woods at morn : \H other sounds, in that still time, Of breeze and leaf are born. The Coltage-Homrs of Kr.gland : By thousands, on her plains, They are smiling o'er the silvery brook;. And round the hamlet fanes. Through glowing orchards forth thev p(< i. £a.cb from its nook of leaves, And fearless there they lowly sleep, As the bird beneath their eaves. The free, fair Homes of England : Long, long, in hut and hall, "^lay hearts of native proof t>e rcar'd. To guard each hallow'd wall I And green for ever be the groves, And bright the flowery sod, Where first the child's glad spirit lovrs Its Country and its God ! ] Coquette. — A Coquette is a female character n^ less contemptible than odious; against thejniquily I of which Iih- Gisburiio, in his excellent treatise i " On the duties of the Female So.\" cautions his ' readers in the following descriptive and impvos- i sive terms. " To delude a young man by encoiir- ; aging Ins .nttentions for the pleasure of cxliibiting I him as ;i conquest, for the purpose of e.x'oiting the 'assiduities of another person, or from any motive I oxcei)t the impulse of mutual regard, is a proceed- I ing too plainly repugnant to justice, and to delica- i cy of sentiment to require much observation. On 'such subjects, even inadvcrtance is higlily culpa- ble, what then is the guilt of her, wlio deliberate- i iy raises hope.s which she is resolved not to fulfil !" From Cartei-'s Letters from Em oj)<:. j FEMALES IN ITALV. ! The country was all in bloom, and the flowery plains exhibited a variety of landscape which can ' hardly be conceived in less sunny climes. But the inhabilants are miserable, and know not how to appreciate or improve the munificence of nature. We actually saw females harnessed like cattle to the plougli, and dragging it tlirough the light soil, while a man was lounging in the furrow, guiding the share ! Woman, poor woman, is here emphat- ically degraded into the drudge of life, and it makes i tl>e heart bleed to witness the burdens she is often coinpolled to bear. There is no afTectation nor sentimentality in this. It is plain, downright matter of fact, vi-hich stares the traveller in the face, at every step of his-progress through Italy. MrLKI.VG GOATS IN ITALV. I A scene entirely now afforded us not a little a- I musemcnt. It v.'tia a goatherd milking his flock and penning them for the niglit. The animals knew their keeper, and walked up to him one after another to have their udders drained, and then marched into the fold without bidding. Not one offered to go, before the process of milking was completed. The flock seemed quite as intelligent ' as the shepherd. A group of poor villagers stood [ round with their little mugs, ready to purchase the milk rit a penny a pint. Such is a rural scene in ' Calabria. Hov/ different frorn tlie extensive farm ; yards, the fifty cows, the rosy cheeked lasses, and the foaming pails of our own country ! Idleness is tlie hot-bed of temptation, the cradle of disease, and the canker worm of felicity. In a little time, to the man who has no employment, life will have no novelty, and when novelty is laid in the grave, the funeral of comfort will enter the church yard. From that moment it is the shade, and not the man, who creeps along the path of mortality. On the contrary, what solid satisfac- tion does the man of diligence possess ? What health in his countenance .' What strength in his limbs ? What vigor in his understanding ? With what a zest does he relish the refreshments of the day ? With what pleasure docs he seek the bed of repose at night ? It is not the accidental hard- ness of a pillow that can make him unhappy, and rob him of sleep. He earns his maintenance and he enjoys it. He has faithfully labored in the day, and the slumbers of the night are a sweet retribu- tion to him. To the diligent man every day is a little life, and every night is a little heaven. The toil has been honest, and the reward is snre. .Icqvuinianr.e. — Enter not into a large circle of acquaintance, for thereby you set open a gate to invaders, wlio will plunder you of time, the most valuable article of wliich you can bo possessed. Frequent, long, needless, and unimproving visits serve merely to murder time, which ought to be diligently employed. If you invite any one to your house, shew him a friendly behaviour and an open countenance ; it is a flagrant sin against the laws of hospitaliSv to open your door, yet shut out benignity. Three days of uninterrupted company in a vehicle will make you better acquainted with an- other than one hour's conversation with him every day for 3 years. — Lavater. Valuable Real Estate. For sale, the very pleasant Farm, situated on2 borders of the towns of Saugus and Chelsea, forij OAvned by Mr Nathaniel Boynton, deceased, known by the name of the lioynton farm, on is a good two-story Dwelling house, large barol out-houses, together vath one hundred acres of e lent land, si.\ty or seventy of which are very for mowing ; cuts from Ihirly-five to forty tons and with a little cultivation, might be" made td| seventy. The j-astnrage is sii/Tn lent for five cofl yoke of oxen, and a horse. It is well supplied excellent fruit, such as Apples, Tears, I'taches, ( vies, &e. with never falling s|nihgs of the best The peculiar advantages of iliis estate would re the object of a gentleman for a Country Seat, oi^ a suitable place Tor a I avern, or liaAinga suffictl of water, would make a good place for a Tanner, situation for pleasantness, is not surpi.ssed by ad lalt in the county of Essex. It is distant onlj miles from Boston, and ten from S."alem markets. fuither particulars, apply to CORNELIUS C. TON, on the premises, or to DAVID TORRKY, ! at e^ 3t Ma^ Boaloii Medical Intetligcnctr. The primary oiiject of this publication is to c( bote to the physii-al v.'ell being of the Commuuily. is 10 be attempted by aiding parents in their endi to give their children 'good health, and good com tious, — and by assisting adults to preserve and iinpS that frame and temperament v. lib v.bich their Cr ha; endowed them. Some knowledge of the structure and economr',' of the means of unfolding and perfecting the ant system, should form a part ofgeneral education,, merely for the sake ol this system in itself consid but still more for its connexion willi the inlelle< and moral being, and for its direct aid and substr cy, when properly trained and governed, to these hil poi lions of our nature. Another object of Ibo paper will be, (o rendei relations and intercourse between the |>hysician, sick and their friends, more explicit aud c.mfidei and their mutual eiT rts to perform (heir I'espectivi ties, more successful and satistat tiiry to all conce This paper is published weekly, each iiumlxr tains 16 octavo pages, making !;32 a year. The tin nual price 3,00 if paid after three monlhs ; 4,00 if no paid within tlie year. Recommendation- — Tiie Coston Medical Intelli| ccr is recommended by the subscribers, as beini ready useful to families as well as physicians, ani well suited to accomplish the objects ithas in \iew. James Jackson, John C. Yi'arren, John CorhamJ. Bigelow, W. Channing, Jh dical Professors of Harv- ard College. Joseph Tuckerman, D. D. Rev. Daniel £har;i, Kcv. Samuel Green Rev Paul Dean. Benj. A. Gould, Principal of the public Latin Hrbeol:' S- r. Miles, " public High English Sehodl. J. Park, " of a private Academy fw Young Ladies. " ) William Russell, Editor of the American Jei:r^::! jf Ediiralioii, Teacher, &r. ,11 George B. Emr-rson, J'rincipul of a private .ArademyJH .Yonng Ladies. '■ J. if .'?. Falcs'' Patent Hoes, TF Constantly for sale by French k. Wi Id, 31 fc Zwarf or Bordering do — English, Windsor and Loilj| Pod Beans — Salmon and Short Top Radish — Red ani White Turnip do — Early Dutch and York Cabbage- Green Curled Savoy do — Early and Late CaulifloMer-jj Salsafa, or Ovster Plant— Tomatoe, and Mnrienoe— ' inolhs. Ma. .gel Wortzel— 50 lbs. Sugsr E.et— ;0 lbs. Sweet Marjoram, and Thyme — 50 lbs. Puiitabaga. I he Farmer is pulilished every Friday, at f?.,''0 ptr annum, if paid in advance. 4 NEW_ FNftL A ND F A RMEH. UlGliNAL PAPERS. i'ublisliiul by Jtiaa rf. Kcssel,4. at iSo. . OL. V I'vi-T tiie AgricuHurai VVareliouse.j — TjloHAS ti7i-'KssENi)KN, Editor. BOSTOrV, FRIDAY, JUNE 1, 1827. No. 4.5. ■uul consCi]iiciit growth of the wool. Besides, ■y saj', in early shearing-, (he wool lias not the luiitiiMi which it afterwards acquires. IJiitthcii i . late slicaring, the fleece will have tho less time to grow so as to protect the animal an-ainst the lioours of the succeeding winter; and if a year's ii.tcrva] 13 allowed between each clipping tinio, after your routine is established, the wool will d the same period for its growth, whether Sheep with fine fleeces. [by the editor.] SHEARING SHEEP, Sic. line's New Kiigland Farmer states tliat "\vc our sheep in peneral too early in this couD- In England, where the spring is more for- than in this country, the approved time of ing is from the nii(l'<"' shear early or late They should be w shed in a warm time which are shorn without being washed on the ■ this they should run three or four days in u '"""^^ of the animal, may he clipped tarlier in the pasture before tlicy are shorne. It is good ;''''ason than those which are exposed to suffer for hem to have time to sweat a little in their; ''^l' "i ''"'"■ or more by soaking in cold water. after washing. Lemuel W. Briggs, Esq. of Bristol, R. I. in ar- Lawrence, an English writer of note, says, '''=^es published N. E. Farmer, vol. iii. pages 27.3, e seems to be the penfral shearing month, ["'S' stated certai.i facts wiiich would seem favor- s country, and wlicro no e.xtraordinary pre | ^bie to early shearing : • iid in certain circum- ons are taken, the business had better be de- ^tmces, and particularly viith sheep which are until towards mid-summer, more especially | ""^t ^^'^shed there can be no doubt tliat the prac- Id backward springs, because in such seasons ' ''*<^ ^^^y ^^ beneficial. Mr Briggs stated in sub- eldom, until that period, have any settled ' ^'^i"''^' 'hat Mr Rouse Potter, of Prudence Island, weather ; besides a more perfect fleece is i^arragansot Bay. Rhode Island, who kept 050 ned, and fuller of yiJk trom the perspiration animal. ashing pr-vious to clipping the sheep is eneral custo.Ti, with few exceptions, in this y ; indeed it is proper with all long-woolled , but not so easily practicable with the miit- reasy and impenetrable fleeces of the Span- si ad carding wool breed, whence in Spain tliey iably ^hear dry, as has been tho practice in [j| nshire, with the short woolled sheep for cer ! Mascal says, •' in Devonshire they never their Sheep, when they clip. Afterviards wash their wool before they spin it, in warm ind dry it on hurdles." [sticks woven togeth- As to the time of shearing, he says—" The s, to consider when Ihe sheep canncl endure 'f thou shenr him, nor heat if thou shear him udon says " The proper time for clipping or -ing sheep must be directed by the state of .•eather and the climate in the particular dis heep, and lost but two the preceding winter, be g:ns to shear them by tho first of May, if the weather is favorable ; and continues daily until he completes his shearing. Fur tlie first week he P'lts tliose sheared under cover, or in close yards every night. By that time tho wool will grow so as to give them a suflicient covering. By this practice of early shearing he gains much wopl, ivhich formerly when he put off" shearing till the n/fldle' of June, the sheep would shed ; and fur- tiier, when thus ea"rly sheared, the wool immedi- atejj aflorwards begins to start and grow much quicker than when shearing is. deferred to the usual time. He says that formerly being exposed immediately after shearing to the rays of the sun, their bare backs vvould frequently become sore and scabby, when no wool will grow till healed, and then what docs grow from these scars is thin- ner and coarser tlian the rest. " Mr Potter states that he has found from actual experiment, that he not only gels more wool offcctuiil with respect to their health. Such as were aficcted with foulness or eruption of the skin might bo washed and scrubbed in a ley of water and wood ashes, in a large tub, which would contain three. It would both conduce to tlic health of the sheep, and promote the regular growth of tho wool. Wool would probably Iceep best in the grease.and dust might be shaken from it. Any difliciiUy in /espect to fixing the price of wool in an unwashed state would vanish in a season or two. " Clipping off the coarse soiled wool about the thighs and docks" (says Loudon) " some weeks before the usual time of washing and clipping the sheep is an excellent practice; as by this means the sheep are kept clean and cool when the seas on IS hot, i^nd with ewes the udders are prevent- ed from becoming sore. " In separating for the purpose of washing, tho flock is brought to the side of the washing pool, and there Janibg and sheep of difl^erent kinds, fit to be waslied, are put into separate fields ; and such lambs) as are too young to be clipped are not washed, but ';onfined in a fold or inclosure of any kind, at stjch a distance from the washing place that they ijiay not disturb their mothers by bleat- as by this means the danger of injury by | which would otherwise be lost, but the succeedin from depriving the sheep of their coats at arly a season, and from heat, by permitting to continue on them too long, may be avoid- the best manner. It has been stated, that tvool will be from J inch to I inch longer if shear- ed early, than it will be if delayed to the usual time of shearing. And further there is not the same necessity for washing the sheep as the wool he more warm sheltered situations in the i '^ much cleaner, more free from sand and dirt, ern parts of the kingdom, the beginning rr Ic of June, when the weather is fine, may be neral the most proper ; but in the more ox- districts ill the northern parts of the island, nicldle or Uuter end of the same month mnv ore suitable, provided the season is favorable, with the fattening sheep in the i-^closurey, it mostly be necessary to perform the work at arlier period in every situation, as the gre.it e of heat from the setting in of the sum- weather, added to the warmth of the fleece, mo.'i very opnressive and injurious to tho'-.i in feci ing." eep shenring in Roniney Marsh [Eng.] com- :e3 about miil.-umnier, Knd finishes about t.'j;^ le of July. Those ^» ho shear latbst appri' I that they gain half a pound weight in pvf>rv e, by the increased per.spiration of the sheep vhen taken ofi" early, than it will be if sufi'ered to remain on their backs until a hot sun has compel- led them to seek a refuge under the walls and fences." The foregoing authorities are apparently al- together contradictory as respects the time of the year in which to shear sheep. But it is to be ob served that Mr Potter did not wash his sheep be- fore shearing, which must make a considerable difl'erence with regard to the risk from cold, and moreover Mr Potter appears to have been careful to shelter his sheep after shf-aring, which must in a great measure obviate the disadvantages o' early shearing, , Mr Lawrence says, " It has frequently appeared to me, on reflection, that it might lie prcferabe to " In performing the operation of washing it was formerly tie metliod to have the washers standino- up to the kreast in the water, but from the incon'^ venienco ind danger of it, the men requiring a large supply of spirituous liquors, and being liable to be attached with colds, rheumatisms and other diseases, lU well as being apt to dispatch the work with too much expedition, so as to leave the wool insufiiciently clean ; it has been proposed by Young in his Calender, to rail off a portion of the water in a stream or pond for the sheep to walk into by a sloping mouth at one end with a depth sufficient for them to .swim ; and to pave tho whole : the breadth need not be more than six or seven feet. At one spot on each side of this pas- sage, where the depth is just suflicient for the water to flow over the sheep's back, a cask or box, water-tight should be fixed for a man to stand in dry." Cheaper contrivances, may, however, be provided, and, perhaps, to sink an empty tub bar- rel or hogshead foir the man to stand in while . washing the sheep, may be as eligible as any. A boat, near a bold shore of a sheet of water, with one end aground, by which the sheep is introduc- ed iind put overboard, while the man who washes him remains in the boat, and extends his arms over the sides, and thus performs the necessary manipulations, furnishes a convenient mode of washing .iheep. A small perpendicular waterfall, under which the sheep are conducted, may like- wise be used to advantage for this purpose. It was formerly (and, perhaps, is now in some places) the practice to smear the bodies of sheep immediately after shearing, with a mixture of tar and fresh butter. This however is condemned by intelligent writers and manufacturers. A writer in Young's Annals of Agriculture, says " The ef- fects of t:ir-salving are very pernicious. It causes a very great waste of wool in carding— rende shear all kinds of sheep unwashed, and to wash •''« "'°ol f^r more difficult to work, both in spin- thein after r-)iearing, when it would be much more "'"= ^"'^ weaving — produces a less number of S54 yards from the same wei/ht of wool — and deteri orates the quality of the cloth. Each stono [8 lbs.] of clean wool will make as many as 104 salved. And a saving of a full eigluh part of the whole qi-antity of wool jjrown in the northern dis- tricts, would be made, if the use of tar were dis- pensed with. Salved wool requires a greater quantity of wares (logwood. &c.) than clean, and yet the colours are always faint and dull." But, though an ointment in which tar greatly preiloniinates is probably injurious to sheep, we have good authority for the use of tar, properly combined with an oily substance. A writer in Rees' Cyclopedia, article Wool, says much in favor of a composilion, much used in iSforthumber land, Eng. and gi-.-es the following directions for maki.ig it ; " From sixteen to twenty pounds of butter are place 1 over a gentle fire, and molted ; a gallon of tar is then adoe 1. and tlic mixture is then stirred with a stick until the tar and butter are well combined, and for a soft tei.acious oint- ment." Some skill is required in its application. The locks should be divided, and the ointment ap- plied directly to the skin. It does no good to ap- ply it to the out:iiJe of the wool, but i; must come in contact with the skin. This is best effected by opening the wool along the neck and back, and applying the oint:iient ,vith the finger. In short, you must apply it in sucli a manner that it will be the most likely to spread over any part of the body. The quantity laid on eachj.nimal diflers in different districts. In the lighter mo le of greasing, one gallon of tar and twenty pounds of butter, will be sufficient for fifty sheep. In Scotlcnd, where greasii^g is applied merely to preserve the animal from the incler.iency of the climate, a much larg- er proportion of tai is used. This wojld he ve'y injurious to the wool were it any otier hut the very coarsest kind To derive the greatest ad- vantaoro from the ointment, both to the wool and the sheep, it should be applied immediately after shearing, and again on the approach of winter. By the first greasino- the wool will be kept soft and moist during the sultry heat of July and Au- NEW^ENGLAND FARMER. ing the outside or surface of the fleece, where it will be of more harm than benefit. Another method of destroying ticks, though, perhaps, not so immediately efficacious as the toregoinij is to part the wool of the animal on each side of the spiae, from its head to its tail and drop some Scotch snuff or strong tobacco finely powdered in the opening. Deane's New England Farmer directs to shear the largest lambs at the time of the new moon in July. " Their fleeces will yield as much" (says the book) " the ne.xt year, and the wool will be better, and as cold storms rarely happen at that time of the year, "the lambs will do better without their fleeces than with them." (][J=Tlie following was received some time since but has escaped earlier notice in consequence of having been mislaid. out the wool in that part with their teeth, or by gust and the top of the staple will "not "become ! '°''^'' ''^''''^ of wool rising on their backs and DISEASE I.\ SHEEP. Mr Fessendek — I ask your assistance in detect- ing the cause of a disorder vvhicii has made its appearnnre in my flock of sheep, the past vvin\er. It appears to be an itching, which causes them' to eat or pull oft' the wool with their mouth, also to kick, and rub it oft'. li has bean the opinion of some, that ticks are the cause ; but I am satisfied, few flocks have less of them than mine. The shebp have had no uncommon keeping, and appear to ^e in perfect health, e.\cept the surface of the sk(n being scurvy. This was first observed among t^e lambs, and has since attacked all ages, and threat- ens much loss of wool, if not the lives of the at^- mals. Information upon this subject will bo grate- fully received by A SUBSCRIBER. 'Remarks by the Editor — By the description above given, v/e should be inclined to think the disorder adverted to was what writers call the Scab in Sheep, and is analogous to the Mtni^e in horses and dogs, and the f'eh in the human race. " This appears by the sheep rubbing the part affected, and pulling to the point of the tail, so as to divide the wi the skin be e.'jposed to the touch. Ne.xt, tj ger, being slightly dipped in the pre'pai should bo drawn along the skin. Similaf should farther be opened down the shoulders thighs, as far as the wool extends ; an4 if the imal be considerably infected, two otiier fi»| are directed to be traced, parallel to that back, and one should likewise be drawn wards, on each side, between the fore nnt After this application, the sheep may be I among the flock without any danger of the tion's being communicated. Another remedi ointment composed of tliree parts grease an spirits of turpentine." harsh and .liscoloured. One acknowledged ad- vantage of greasing immediately after shearing should not be overlooked — it destroys the sheep tick, and has a tendency to prevent cutaneous dis- tempera and to protect the skin against tlie bite of the fly. Mr J. Nelson, of Mecklenburg, Va. has publish- ed a recipe for the scfio in sheep, similar to the above ; and which probibly may answer the same purpose ; which is as f dlows : '• Take three gal- lons of tar and three do. of train oil, boiled to- gether, to which add three pounds of roll brim- stone finely powdered an.i stirred in. This quan tity is stiflicient for CO -li.;ep. It is poured on with a pitcher la de from the top of the back bone to the tai! 'When the object is suh-'y i],o destruction of shoulders. " The sheep infected first is to be taken from the flock, and put by itself; and then the part af fected is to have the wool taken off as far as the skin feels hard to the finger, washed with soap suds and rubbed hard with a shoe-brush, so as to cleanse and break the scab. Then anoint it with a dccoc tion of tobacco U'ater, mixed with the third of lie of wood aslies, as much grease as this lie will dis solve, — a small quantity of tar, and about an eighth of the wholr> mass of the spirits of turpentine. — This ointment is to he rubbed on the part aft'eoted, and for some little distance round it, at three dif- ferent times, with an interval of three days after each washin?. With timelv precautions this "ill ahv.nvs hp found suflic-ient." — Deat>e''s .Yew En^- Irnir/ Fnrmer. Sir Joseph B.inks, in a communication to th ticks, a strong d.cocnon ol tobacco is probably as , .Sori.ry for the Kncourairemont of Arts, direct,, for IZn '"ff-p'' ' ."T' '"' ' J'.'-'^-^"''""'- Lambs Ithi.s disorder nure quicksilver, one pound-Venice si?eld .,r VT' rr ''^^'''' ^'r^^^^'^ turpemine and c6mmon oil of turpentine, half a s eared as the tn-ks which ar. driven from the 'pound each-and of hoes' lard four pounds, to be ^hiretre'he 1 T "'""'^r''' '■""'''• ''"'"' trifurated in a mortar, till the mercury be com- theretore, he advisable to annlv p ther the ninr i ^ i ■ .,•,,. ,• ^ ,1, , , <•" -ii'iuy eiiner ine omt- , plptply incorror.-ited with the incrredienf«. ment or the tobacco uecoct oil fo the lambs as well Tt.„ „„n ,1 c ■ .. • . In, as their elders An.l in -,11 . . i T """ method of using this ointment is as follows. nH,.»tmn „po=, tr.,..A ''*'■'. 6 I lit v Our up- Tho head of the sheop must first be rubhed—nfter Sh as oossble ?nrT r ""''■"'' '''" ''^ "'''^'^ '^ ''"'"-' '" to be drawn with the finger, fiquallj as possible, instead of wqtung or smear-; from the region between the ears, along Uie hack ON THE CULTURE OF SILK Continued from page 347. In winding off the silk you must be atteut keep the thread wet, to make it slip alou( more easily towards the reel. Anrl whei vi'heel has remained any time idle, you must wet all the thread betwixt the basin and pieces of iron, which makes the thread ru more easily. Be attentive also from time to time to weti water the cord, and the little wooden wheel, t moves the v.^ooden regulator, in order to tiia; act properly. If this is neglected, the coi being dry, will not turn the regulator as it fl by which means the silk will be placed unecj upon the reel, which may have this farther A vantage, to cause the silk threads upon the n cling and stick to each oilier, by having brought into contact before the first threads liLd time to dry. For that wooden regula c;i'culated to place the threads in such a ma upon the wheel, as to make them touch one other only obliquely, and in as faw places a; sible at first, that the silk as it comes from thi coons may have the time requisite to dry, it comes to be fully in contact with that follows. When the silk threads cling togethe, being too soon brought in contact, the sii rendered good for nothing. The cocoons called s.^tiny, from their rej blance to satin, require that the wa er shouli moderately hot in the basin. The same degn heat that is necessary for the fine cocoons, w entirely spoil the others by making the silk off thick, and what they call bournj. You out the degree of heat necessary for these examining with care in what manner the comes off from the first ■juantity of cocoons put into the basin ; and if you find it comes thick, you must add cold water by degrees, you find the just proportion for them. They i not be allowed to remain long in tlie hot wi and there should only he a few of these coC( put into the water at a time. If these cire stances are not attended to, the silk coniei thick, as already mentioi pd, which, in wine makes the thread break at every moment, and ouly greativ diminishes the q^mntity of your upon the reel, but also considerably hurts quality, by rendering it coarser. When once the reel h is the quantity of upon ityou judge to he sutfi.-:ient, thi^ produc about three pound.s of cocoons, for e.vample. take it off, and put [inolhe- reel iu its place, the work may not be interrupted. The .silk Ol to remain for six or eight hours, or even mor , V No. 4.1. NEW ENGLAND FARiVlEli. 355 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF PEAS, A« ES- TIMATED IN ENGLAND. Tlie.varioii.s sorts of peas, be.^ides difiVriii^' in the colour of the blossoms, heiglil of the stalks, ond modta ofcrowth, arc found to have some ma- li'iial dirterences in luirdiness to stand the winter. :illo» It "ith your convenience, aa " | elToctiiallv ; which done, you take off the reel, and |o bo perfectly dry before it is taken fromi pm it in some airy place to dry ; but you must not I'- I e.vj)nse it to the sun, vvhicli would ([iiite eat away mlhc cocoons which were first put into | ;.,,„i spoji i|,p ^0,0^^. This is done to clean the Un are nearly finished, you must cause the | silU effectually, and to give it a tr'oss. to be Slopped ; at which time, with a ladle, : !„ prf-parin;; the double cocoons fo ■ winding? off, Iholes like a drainer, you take out the cq- . tl,ey p„t morn of them into the basin at once than , time of coining in, and flavor of the fruit The kvhich were in play, each parcel on the op- | of the finest kind. But before putlin . • • ,■ .;-..,.„ r the cocoon containing the insect from the ': """'• ^"[ '" '''"^"^ f '^% ^'"^ from the double and throw it aside : because, if lefl in the | "'T'' ^^ '"k '^^'"'^^'^' '° °^^ ''^"k ""'X ■. ii -1 .. . J .1 J at a time upon the reel. It will spoil the water, and consequently de- 1 , the colour of the silk. j ^"^ "^"'^ °''j<°" "''"='■ occurs, is the method must be at pa ns tn keep an equal number I ol^served by the French, in tho preparation of their 00ns working at each end of this basin, in 1 ''''f'.''' °'' "'^^'e siik, which they call p;7o5f«e ; and to keep the thread of silk of an equal size.p^""''' ^^ey do in the following manner: All the 1 you i.ave fewer on one side than the other, ; cocoons which have bofn pierced by the bulter- k becomes smaller st that side, of course, : "*^ '"^'°f^ '■°"<'cted together, they add to these also has the constant effect to break the I ^" "^"^ ''-'1' '^°'^'"'"-^ which they judge to be im- i. In order to keep the thread at both sides I P''°P'^'" ^°^ winding off, after the insects have been equal si e, you must throw in the cocoons, j "^''^ °"'' ^^' ''^'"'"'^ mentioned ; and to these they one, and never more than two at a time.— ^^^° '^^^ ^)' ^^'^ bottoms of the basin, after winding throw in many ton-ether, for e.xample, four "''' '''^''' ^'"'■ nt once, it throws the weight to that side,! Such of the floss silk as you wish should retain the thread imn.edi-itely breaks, because by the yellow colour, you put into a large copper merns the equilibrium is lost. [kettle, and cause a person to tramp it with her iputting the silk thread round the two little I bare feet, in the same manner as the women in Ks of -wire, for conducting it to the reel, fixed | some parts of Scotland tramp their linens when le little wooden wheel, you must turn the j they are washing them. From time to time they id round to the ri?ht hand for the bit of wire jturn the cocoons upside down with their hands, 'd on the righ: ; and turn it round ro the left | and so go on tramping them again tvith their feet. , for the piece of wire placed on the left. — This operation is continued for nearly two hours mentioning the right and left, I mean the right together, turning them, and giving ihem a little left hand of the wom.an as she sits managing j more fresh w;iter from time to time, till it is found cocoons in the basin. - | that the silk of the cocoons separates properly le quicker the motion of the wheel is, tho bet- j upon tedding it out with your fingers ; and as, in he silk winds off. and the better the end joins 1 tramping with the feet, the edges of the heap of c tliread, which is, indeed, one of the great j cocoons will very ot'ten escape the stroke of the Oils that makes it wind off well. One might 1 foot, you turn the edges into the middle, from time pt t3 imagine that the rapidity of the motion j to time, to receive the benefit of the tranipinn- ht overstrain acd break the thread, but from equally with the rest. taut e.Nperience it has been found that the] When you find it properly separated you earry ad never once breaks from the rapidity of the jt to the river ; put the cocoons into a clean cloth ;^ut, on the contrary, that the quicker the tied up, to prevent the silk from mixinrr together ion is, the more advantageous it is for winding . You then pour fresh water upon'them ivom time to time, till you find that the wafer runs off from the silk. ■Vhen you have put the quantiy of .silk upon the jgilk perfectly clear, without being tinned with any ' which yvas born in : in Swit, erland, in June, 1771. He recej good education, and in the society of his "cut mother, acquired the germ of those an 6>'0W. Snow is formed by the freezing of vnpovs in the atmosphere. Its lightness and whiteness are and philanthropic virtues'of which his who] owing to the small particles into which it is divi- presents so fine an example. His mother ded -."ice when pounded will become equally white. ; grand daughter of the famous Admiral T, Mr Loudon says snow is of great use to vegeta- ^ often inculcated upon her son the e.tcelient bles ; if so, we may expect that the present seas-' im, " That the great have friends enough, bi on will be a fruitful one in New England. Snow tlie friend of the poor " Fellenberg passed does not fertilize land in consequence of the ni- years at Colmar with M. Psessel, and returni trous salts which it contains ; for neither snow nor Switzerlmd, where he iiabituated himself, b_ rain contains any kind of salt or earth insufficient grecs, to a kind of life very austere, notwiths" in the Hve'r "nd"'^al"i" ! quantity to promote vegetation. The agency of ing his feeble liealth, which had forced him I snow as a fertilizer may be ascribed to its furnish- turn to his native country. He afterwards ing a coverme to the roots of vegetables; it keeps eiled over a great part of Swit erland, Fi in the internal heat of the earth which surrounds and Germany, often stopping iu the villag the roots, and defends them from the cold of the j those countries through which he passed, am atmosphere. MILLS. » Whet* grain ir.ills were first erected on estates in Britain, every tenant was obliged to scud hia o-rain to be ground at the lord's mill, and some parts of England. A pipe is inserted into the bore, and the water overflows into a cistern ; in some cases it rises 20 feet above the surface. Mr Lou- Tlie process of boring the earth for spring w^er j stipulated to pay toll for th^ whole growth though, lias been practised with great .success m various j it wore sent out of the manor unground. Some-j thing of this sort still remains in some parts otj England and Scotland, the proprietors of the man- ors claiming the f.\clusivc right of grinding the don expresses an opinion, that in a great majority | whole of the grain which the inhabitatits of the of situations in Britain and throughout tie world, water may be obtained by boring. Thi- expense of this process is very small in I'ugland ; the char- ges being four pence per foot for the first ten feet, ht pence per foot for the second ten feet; and respective parishes or manors require to be ground for their own tfse. But grist mills are now going fast into disuse, and flour mills arc dispersed over almost every part of the kingdom. The people purchase flour instead of grain. In sc;me counties so on, increasing four pence per foot at every ad- grain is made iuto flour by windmills ; in others ditional ten feet. The auger is turned by manual by water or steam mills. Mr Loudon is an enemy labour, and is drawn up by a shaft and windlass, to grist mills and millers. He calls the former As the auger gets deeper, additional lengths of " schools of scandal," and speaks of the " prover- iron rod are added to it by means of coupling box- bial rascality of'grist millers." Wc believe, hort - es, and a cast iron tube 10 feet long is introduced ever, that millers in this country are as honest into the hole and driven down. When the spring and respectable as people of other occupalions. discovers itself, a tin tube is forced down, forming one continued pipe from top to bottom. ' beans. SNAILS. I J»* e«t»tl* ,.111 M'l" LgllsU) [JiiW lefelle" l,|;ieii' der a simple disguise acquired a kno the usages and manners, and especi wants of the inhabitants. Like Howard, his wl happiness consisted in doing good. He passi year near the lake of Zurich in almost pe solitude, ariJ then devoted himself entirely t( instruction of tho people, and the educatioi youth. He was an advocate of those princii which had produced the revolution of 17 accepted at Berne, the place of commander of quarter. But as the administration had refusei fullil a promise which it made to the peasant! a cDmmotion which had been excited, he ceai from that time, to exercise any kind of public pioyment, and devoted himself exclusively tc iaiprovemont of agriculture and education. l;iud of Hofvvyl, situated about two leagues Berne, appeared to^bim to be adapted to the which he had in contemplation. He boug! and founded there that admirable establishi which, both as to rural economy and instructi deserves to be considered as a model of all t can be conceived of excellence in th?it kind of ed- ucation. M. de Fellenberg very soon received pupils from all parts of Europe ; but the iuiiabit- ants of this immediate neighborhood were at first The bean is said to be a native of Egypt, but unwilling to send their children, and he was oblij One species of snail is not of an unpleasant j lias been cultivated in Europe and Asia, time out j ed to take any he could procure, however vile and flavour, and has been esteemed as an article of { of mind. The best soils for beans arc clays and I low— and from this class he has produced strong loams. For field beans the land should be distinguished pupils. He was so fortunate as to deeply plouglied once in the fall,,and t« ice in the j obtain, shortly after the foundation of his school, food from early times. It was a favourite dish with the Romans, who had small cncosuresin which they bred and fatted them. They are in great demand at the present day in some parts of Aus- tria, Italy and France. In Vionnn sncks of snails are regularly exposed to sale in the markets — They are fed with cabbage-leaves, bran, meal, &c. About the mildle of last century, they were in- troduced into England, where they h.-.ve greatly increased. The shell figured in Mr Loudon's book is similar in form to that of our common garden spring In England the mode of sowing is al- the assistance of a young man, named Vchily, the most always in rows, and a small mixture of peas ■ son of, a schoolmaster, of Theigovia. This is often planted with the beans. The quantity ofi tleman had gone, in 1809, to inform himself of tiic seed allowed is from two to three bushels to the 'system of instruction pursued by Fellenberg, and acre, and the intervals between the rows are so narrow, that the plants cover the ground the lat- ter part of the season. They are usually cut with the sickle and tied in sheaves, but are 'sometimes mown, or pulled up by the roots. The produce snail. In Italy, the shell is more than two inches • of beans witli good manao-ement is from 25 to ■>'> in diameter, when full grown. [The B'llletin des { busliels per ucre, but taking Britain at large, a Sciences says the city of Ulm formerly sent down good average crop does not exceed 20 bushels. — the Danube more than four millions of snails per A crop of 80 bushels has been raised on an acre, annu.m. They were fattened in the gardens in j It does not appear from Mr Louiion's work, that the vicinity of that city, and were consumed ii, | the British know any thing about baked beans. — | forty-three : they obey him as well as M. de Fcl- wns so iTiuch struck with the sekool of induatrij, that he immediately offered the services of his son, then about eighteen, who entered into the spirit of the founder, and devoted himself assidu- ously to the undertaking. He associated with the pupils — lived with them — played with them — and worked with them — became, in short, their teacher, their playmate, and their 'friend. "The number of pupils, (sa^s Simond, who saw the in- titution in I8I3,) has increased successively to the A'lstrian convents, in the long fast of Lent.] LEECHES. The medical leech, well known for its use in oleeding, is bred in shallow ponds, in the neigh- He says beans are mostly given to horses, hog and other animals. In Scotland tliey are some- times made into meal and bread. Wlien hogs are fed with them the meat becomes verv hard. lenberg, entirely from love and a sense of duty." Fellenberg, like Pestalo /y.i, had many difiiculties to encounter and surmount. His motives were impeached — he was, at first, set down as a vision- :iilii< t— Uien tt^ one influenced by merce- .celin^s and sinister views— iind iho very nmoMt of his canton went so far as to tl.reat- m with the weight of its autlmnly. His 1 however, continued to flourisli, and his alion to intrcas.-, till the period of his death, as patronised in almost every quarter of Eu- En^'hin :, SotUud, Ceruiany, Russia, &c pupiU to his school, and the advaulaji'es of • strni were so evident, that but few h.ve now ar";"<^'"f' <";' i „-acres if they would dispense wi'h it altogether, irevent him from devoting » Po"'°"°' "'* They readily acceded to this proposal; and dur- 10 literary pursuits ; and he published, from , .^^ -^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^,^^^_ ,^^ 1^^^ neither used it hiin- to 'inie, a number of works on the nature ami j ^^ j-^ ^^^ furnished it for his me i. His work has 3 of his establishment at "of*y'' J,''_"=;_.'Sbeen done quicker and better than ever before.— He has saved, he says, more than one thousand 'lollars in money. Five or six of his nei'ihbours, having large farms, have seen his success, and imitated his e.xample. [Recorder and Telegraph.] I be useless here to enumerate. The lati ■ ror Ale.xander Wiis so well satisfied with nberg's excellent institution, and so pleased the character of the man, that he sent him Iccor.ntion of St. Wlatliuiir. of the fourth ' accompanied by a very flattering anto- lical letter I will send you a brief sketch s establishment at Hofwyl in a few days. JValional Journal. ANIMAL POISONS. c following c.ase of the bite of a ratllfsnake, ;or'ied by Dr. Thacher, in his Military Jour- n. 54. Cottons and Barnard's edition, on after my arrival at Ticonderoga, a soldier the imprudence to seize a rattlesnake by'its the reptile threw its head back, and strdck I United States Oranges. — Tliis excellent fruit finds a congenial soil in the territory of Florida. ilt is computed that upwards of fifteen hundred I thousand oranses are gathered every year at St. I Auffustinc. Many of the trees, (says Mr White, 'i the Florida delcsrate in Congress,) bearin? 4000 those feudal institutions, whicli for so long a time spread misery throughout Europe, still weigh lieavily on the happiness of the people." The land is so fertile ll-.at, although it is imper fcclly broken up, mid but little manure is spread upon it, two crojjs arc annually obtained. After the crops are gathered, tlie fields are slightly ploughed in the month of September, and then sowed with the common blue lupine. This plant grows rapidly, and in about three months, having attained a sufiicient height, it is turned in, and thus forms the most common, and at the same time a cheap, and eliicacio\:s means of enriching the soil. The experiment') of a few foreign set- tlers in St. Michael have satisfactorily proved: that with very little additional trouble and ex- pense, a constant succession of crops throughout the year may be obtained. Althougli so little attention is bestowed on ag- riculture,.the crops of maize, (in.'.ian corn) beans, and potatoes, are very great. When the corn, which is of the yellow kind, is nearly ripe, the cars are broken from tlie stalks, and the husks arc turned back. They are then collected into bun. dies and fastened to poles, from ten to fifteen feet high in such a manner as to form very regular pyramids. By this arrangement the corn is ex- posed to the sun, and air, and dries in a ipuch shorter time than when left on the stalks. The quantity of corn, annu;illy exported from St Michael to Portugal and its colonies, is about oranges, are believed to be 120 years old. The , ^j^^^^ hundred thousand bushels; which is esti- lemon, citron, lime and olive, thrive equally well. ^-^^^^^ to be about one third part of the whole ~ " quantity produced on the islsnd. The wheat is heavy, and abundant ; it is thresh- Two Gooseberry Bushes are described in the Horticultural Transactions ; the branchy of one j v;'^ ^^y-^.,^^^ „;^„„^,._ a ,p,ee in the field, ,t the seat ot the late Sir Jo.ephBan.s,e.xtended,^^^._^^ ^^J^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^ loose stones, is .ngs into the man's hand. In a few moments ,.3 yards in circumference, and produce several ! '"■'"» '';^7\''""^l^i^T^";|;;"7,Ta uniform^ elling comm.nced, attended with severe pain. ^^J^ „f ,,,, ,„,„,,„, ,, ,3 ,„,„,,,h .ith soap r."?'' {.'?!."' <• l" '111' ',1 1 t^, ,s not more than half an hour, when his whole ] ^^j^^ ^^^ ^^^^ drainings from the dung hill. Anoth to his shoulders was swollen to twice 'ts j p^, j^ ^^.^j^^^ j^ ^ building, and measures .53 feet ral siie, and the skin became of a deep orajase'^^^^^ ^^^ extremity to the other, and produces an- ur. His body, on one side, soon became 11 • ,lv rents. To the Azoreans may be applied the re- eled It IS prepare ' in the following mannpr : ' ' , „ , . ' n * • j . *■ , ,, r . ■ 1-1 . .u mark of a threat modern traveller* in resrard to e twelve srallons of water, in which nut three . „ , ., u 1 .u 1 , T 1 ic f M 1 1! -1 •» <• ,-an'Sther Portusruese colonv ; " unhappily, the real inds and an hall of bl-ick spruce; boil it for ee hours, and having taken out the fir or spruce. ly level and hard surface. Upon 'his spot the wheat sheaves are arransred in a circular manner, and a long board, armed with sharp points on its under side is dragged over them by oxen; the driver standing upon the board, which is also loaded with heavy stones. The sharp points cut the straw, and detach the grain ; the straw is then raked oft'. None of the land is laid down to grass, and hay is consequently not used in St. Michael ; the horses, and other animals subsist- ing, on corn leaves, grain and pulse. During the harvest, the cars of a .■stranger are exceedintrly annoyed by the noise of the carts used by the country people. The wheels, which are formed of krge, clumsy pieces of wood, bound together with iron, are fastened to an equally clumsy axle-tree, aud both turn together in a round hole cut in a beam, crossin-^ the bottom of the cart. Grease is never applied to them, and eak to a degiee that is almost '.• elfare of the inhabitants does not correspond vihh the advantasres which nature has lavished on this spot. The farmers are not proprietors, the , a pro ant, and the Indian arrow root, (maranta annidi- nncea.) grows wild in every part of St. Michael. At present, the arrow root is almost entirely ne- (Tlected by the natives, but «ome of the foreign families prepare small quar.tities of it, for their private use. the root in its natural state is ex- tremely acrid to the taste, arid, if chewed, causes fuse salivation ; when applied to the skin for with the liquor seven pounds of molasses, and , ., . , ■ . ., L ■ J u on this snot. 1 ne larmers are nm prupneiurs. uut; , ^ f- , . t boil It up; strain it through a sieve and when J ^^ the nobles, and : -^ome time. ,t produces heat, '•^'^"^^^"J. f."^-- Ik warm, put to it about four spoonfuls of yeast __lz 5 _ I .j-jij preparation consists m separating the teculi work it. In two or three days stop the bun^ of * Humboldt. 358 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 1, 1«'5;. by carelui and repealed washings after the root excepting the most industrious and enterprising, has been ■rrated ; but the effects produced by who has been devoted to this pursuit alone, has handling the root, are so unpleasant, that persons ever accomplished so much. He was commander can with diffimilty be hired to conduct the neccs- of an army, an'l at the head of a nation for a few sary operations. years only at a time, but a day never passed in The yam, (dliscona saHiaJ which grows in which his farm was out of his uiiiid. During the considerable quantity in low and moist situations, whole war he was planning improvements, direct- is an important article of diet to the peasants.— ing them, and often writing letters of minute in- This root, however, does not attain in S'. Michael strufitions to his manager. Wliile President of the the si,e thai it does in the West Indies, and some United States it was his standing custom to write other places. weekly, and receive weekly returns, in which he Most of the fruits of Europe are found in all required great particularity and exactness in speci- the Azores, excepting the apricot, peach, and fying occurrences, and the employment a!!\l prog- plum ; the first of which, is productive only in rcss of the laborers. I have before me a volume Fayal, and trie two last flourish in St. Michael of pres- copies of letters, written in one year, dirr- only in some particular spots. Strawberries, ing the Presidency, to his manager and overseers, blackberries, and a species of biUberry. called iiva Some of them extend to several pages, and they (la sena, are abundant, but many attempts have in average more than one a week They are written leaves of that tree, that they will congregatad them, and leave all other trees within one or. hundred yards' distance untouched. A friel horticulturist has sugensted fothe Editor thatjl article alluded to might be the means of misoH by inducing cultivators to raise those cherry-lj and thus favor the multiplication of the insecti furnishing them the sort of food to which i^ pears they are most partial, — that gentlemeril the neighborhood of Boston, vvlio were friendljj fruit trees and have the interest- of agricultui| heart, have taken great pains to extirpate tho4 cherry, endeavouring to procure its entire destO tion in fields and forests, as well as in gardensj orchards. It appears to us, liowevcr, that the article, pi erly understood, may be of service. The chel trees, as we understand the matter, are inteij K 01 •■" (29I. jlij 1" vain been made to propagate the gooseberry and in his own hand, with its usually fair and regular .p,pj.|,]^ 33 decoys or traps to catch caterpilUiri 'currant. Oranges, swe"et"and sour" lemons, sweet character, and bear every mark of having been as and sour limes, grapes, ban.-nas, melons, goivas, much studied in expicssion and style as any of his arracas, figs, pomegranates, prickly pears, the compositions. In some cases, and probably in most, jj^^j f^g^ -^n,) let them go at large, you becomi large Spanish chesnut, and the English vvalnut, they were written and copied out by himself be. igj^^j-^g^tal in their propagation. It may be fectly correct to destroy ail the wild cherry tri B:t you mtist be careful to destroy the caterpill en the trees, when they are taken. If you eg ire common in most of the islands. i foie the press impressions were taken. Many flowering plants and shrubs have been in- | Such was his habit for years, amidst the burden troduced from other countries into the gardens, ' of his public cares. There is also before ms a cu- in the larger islands, and, in the months of De- rious agricultural document, dated four days before cember and January, the air is perfumed by the his death. It is a pamphlet of 24 folio pages, writ- geraniums, myrtles and roses, then in full flower, ten in a close hand, containing instructions to his The gardens of some of the foreign settlers are manager for the cultivation of three farms on the d.aily becoming more interesting, and at present estate of Mount Vernon tlie following year. Each some of them are adorned with the palm, dragon farm was divided into lots which were numbered, tree, and. many tropical plants. The cofl'Ge tree ' In the pamphlet very full instructions are given and sugar cane have in some instances, with care I how to cultivate ev?ry lot in the three farms.duriug and attention, been productive, but are cultivated ; the next year, stating the crops, with remarks on chiefly as curiosities.- of the .Azores, fyc. -Dr lViibste.r''s Description NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 1, 1827. the soil, the products of former years, and the re- sults of former experiments. Washington died, you will recollect, in the middle of December, an:us Pndm) \ J'^'^j.^ in orchards, as a place of resort for c.-iterpiP ir- : ,-.,., .■;s tiiose insects have such a partiality ftrl'' ol.V No. 15. NEW ENGLAND FAIIMER. ■iftg I0.I noai- Mo.mt HoMy ; an.l intro.h.ced into | sie.U and ru-itivo form, can be re led on as a tost .1 .svlvania ubont ten or twelve years since. . | "f the popularity of tim letters, Mr Carter s pro- rii,- Red-ton and mile-top. are only varieties I posed work will meet the enconraireineat from the ,0 above species ot ^-rass. The latter is the ) An.orican public which taero can be no donbt .ts _:rof the two. The red top is particularly [ moriU will fnlly sanction. 1 he proposals state u.lc, as it will 2r..w and sod the lirst year on i that " About one third of the .sene., cnLracnig a :s, when no other grass will thrive. Se, an ', lour throusrh the north ot Italy, a part ot b.vit/cr- V on artificial -ra.ses, by Col. Tavlor, of Vir , land, and the south ot Enifland, with additional ; rrpublis, ed "in the Mass. Ag. Rep. vol. v. ! notices of Paris and Lon.lon, has not yet appeared. , .,,,1 : The work w-ill be comprised in 2 octavo volumes, ho^Rev. Dr Llliot's third essay on Field Hus- ' of 500 pages, on tine medium paper and a neat y (written in 173JJ contains the following type The price to subscribers will be %3 a vol- aircs- "There are two sorts of grass, which ume, handsomely bound jn boards, natives of this country, which I woul.l recom- We hope the friends of American literature wil d ; these are Henl-Grags, (known in Pennsyl- evince their taste as well as liberality, by a liberal a bv the name ofTimoMv Gr«5.«; the other is subscription ^ i-Meadotv, sometimes called Ouck Grass, and U^^Subscriptions received at tne oflico ot t.io tii.ies Swamp ffirc-Grass. It is said that New England Farmer. l-Griits was first found in a swamp in Piscat- 1 ^^c=«==;s«5!«5^ u, [now Port*month, New Hampsliire] by one | Mijitions to Hurticulfure.— The collection of ■J, who propagated the same ; thai Fowl-Mead- ^^^^^ received by Dc Mitchell, from Com. Hull, a-'iss was brought into a poor piece of mead- con„^a„,jer of the 44 gun ship United States dur- in Dcdham [near Boston] by ducks and other 1,,^ 1,^^ ^.^^^ cndse to the Pacific ocean, consists I waterfo'.vl, and thprefore called by such an ofliighlv useful species, such as icons, of five or name. It is supposed to he brought into the ^j^^ valuable varieties, tlrec parcels of clover seed, uows at Hartfor.l by the annual Roods, ^ud ^^^g^ chiches, lenlUs, watermelon seeds, ojnon^, ed there S^o^ip irin-Gniss. Of these t-.vo ^,„,.^/j,^_ cai-nu-incM, and a variety of others, ap- s of natural srase, the Foivl Me icow is much p^^rently in fine preservation. They are chiefly best ; it grov.-s tall aad thick, makes a more ^|,c pi-oduclions of Chili. It is intended by the and pliable hay than Herd-Grass ; it^yields ^a pjc3„nt possessor, pursuant to the will of the gal- '~ ' iant and patriotic donor, to present them, in his behalf, to the Horticultural Society for cultivation. ho thus coun- tries for the improvement of our o.vn. [N. Y. Statesman.] The house of assembly in Connecticut have >ot cut in the proper season. Spire grass, com- passed a resolution .■ippropr:atiug $9ti,00l) tov/ards nly called English Grass,if it stand to'o loag.will a new state house in New Haven. It is expected liitle better thin rye straw; but tins Fawl Mead- to cost $40,000, and thj b..l.inoe is to be raised mni) be mowed atiiny time from Jul/ to Ortober." by the city and county. Ve believe that tiie Foul Meadow Grass of rr,^^^ Ithaca Journal contains the following 110- w England belongs to the same genus with the j^^.^ . „ q^^i,,^ from the port of Ithaca, May 9th, .n"n,^which vvas fir^t brought into notice by Dr ^ ^^^j,,^ ^^ f^^,^fy canoes, bound for New Haven, commandant." d burden, three lo.uls to tlie acre. /( niuat be n ill low moist land. Our drained land, when 1 of sufficient age, is land very agreeable ta^this Great 'praise is' due to the individuals who - "f g"'^*= This grass has another good ij,.;^^ ,,„,„g (he valuable vegetables of other lity which renders it very valuable in a country -■re help is so much wantinir ; it will not spoil •iijj'er aUhous!;h it stnnd beyond the common lime nowinj. Clover will be lost in a great measure :hardson,an English writer on Agriculture, and Connecticut: John Smith, Capt iscquently cxtglled by other writers.* Fiorin, ,^ , ^ -^■ we mistake not, is called ^gros/is stohnifera, PRICES AT BOS BOSTON. J Creeping Bent Grass. Foul Meadow is de- Cwn, northern, nominated .^grostis strida, and Upright Bent ^y^i - - - - ass. We are not able to state the quantity of Oats • - - - - :d to an acre, which should be sown for a crop Barley, scarce Foul Meadow, nor to give satisfictory answers ^ Wool, f.iU blooded merino, washed the other questions proposed by Mr Macomber;: ditto unwashed t uould consider it as a great favor, if any per- j " native n acq.iainted with the cultivation of this-valua- 1 " P""'^'' Inrtibs', 1st sort i kind of grnss, will answer his inquiries. I OyCreen Peas are selling at New York at 30 cents a peck ; strawberries I.So cents per qiiart. Carler^s Letters. — Proposals have been issued 1 The Boston marketmen have engaged to have peas r publishing by subsrriplion, L-'ttrrs from Europe, for sile on Saturday (to-morrow.) •ihprising the narrative jnuraal of a tour through ; ™ rent Brita n, France, Italy, and Switzerland, in 1 ears ]8'25, ''Hi, and ''i?. By N.H. Carter, the | TlIF, Ass.. 63 to 67 70 to 75 44 to ."jO 100 to 112 33 to 45 25 to 35 20 to 25 33 to 37 Assessors' .Vutice. 3 of thf City of Boston, in conformity 'le'. inteliigi^nt, and indefatigable Editor of the ! •'?„"'\^l!'!^ If T !"!'.'.'''.':,'l'!.?'^V.'7f,!'°^ Iheirduty, ow York Statesiaan five notice, th.-t tluy ■'' '^'•'y- with a view to an equilabh' and satisfactory I apportionment of the City and County Tax for the See an essay " On Grasses" by an able writer ^ current year itli the signature " Examiner,!' published in the' '^''^ Assessors E. Farmer, vol. iv. page .301. Ish their fellow citizens distinctly to under'tand, that no oral cotnmunications will he con- sidered, and they confidently hope that every citizen, corpoialioo and copaitm ishi wu aian ■ i..»t.vca ol the opportunity of Tirtually taxing tli. i.isidres, by sendin'j m true and perfect lists in wtitinjr of property in their possession, including: proprietary estates, and estates in trust, liatde to he taxed, on or belbre the lime above specified ; and that all those who neglect or refuse to comply with this requisition, will be doom- ed and assess* d by the Asse.ssors iiccorriine: to their bi si skill ami judgement; and that no alteialion will be made in the said dooming; anil assessment, except upon the pleas, set forth in the statute of the Commonwealth in such cases made and provided. Where [".states of deceaseil persons have been divid ed amon^ the several heirs, since last year, or havi clnnced owners from other causes, the Vsscssors wil! feel themselves obliifed to Executors and Administra- tor?, and other persons inte.rested in such Estates, to jive Ihera notice of all such farts ; and un ess this no- rice is attended to immediately, all such F.states will be taxed as last year, to the Heirs, or otherwise, as the case may be. It will he observed that the extra a/fic!ul nolicv heretofore sanctioned, of calling on the irihahitants to revie.w the tax hooks, after the taxes arc apportioned, will be discontinued . The followinsr Schedule coiitains all the taxable ar tides, and may s'-rre as a form. viz. Polls, the number from 16 years and upwards. Real Estate, the just value. Money at Interest, more than is paid Interest foi- Bank and Insurance Stork, the just value. ^ Public Securities of all kinds, the just value. Amount of the value of Goods, Wares and VIerchau- dize, Siockiu Prade, Vessels of all kinds, with their appurtenances and appendages, at Lome and abroad, paid for ornnt paid for. Morses and Cattle, the just value. Income froai Profession, Faculty, Trade or Employ mcnt g-.ined by sea or land. SAMUl.L KORvvoOD,"! JOHN STEVENS, | HE.NRY C*SS, \Asiessors. TllO.MAS JACKSON, | THOMAS C. AMOR Y.J Assessors Oftice, May i, 1827. "'11U.\1\N. Fhis elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bav with black legs, inane and tail, ol high spirit and good temper, will stand at the farm 01 vir Stephen Williams in N. rthborough ( .s.) at $20 he season, to be paid before tlie mares are taken away — See New England Farmer, May 2.5. ^This day received at the Farmer office, 52 North Market street, — from Scotland, a l.trge variety of fresh Turnip Seed, comprising the following kinds- White flat turnip, 5 Large Norfolk ' Yellovv Scotch garden ' i White stone ' Late rod top turnip, 3 Common field ' Long tankard ' , Early Dutch = Yellow stone ' ^ Yellow Alalia ' Also, three pounds genuine Silver skin Onion. 100 bushels 01 MILLET, of a superior quality. 100 lbs. Mangel Wurtzci, and Sug.\r Beet. Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. 151) lbs. Lucerne. — Flaxseed — Buck Wheat. Beet, early turnip, blood ' sugar Beans, bush cranberry < pole cranberry ' rob roy ' marrow ' cpiaker fhite busii ' Yellow Cranb'ry ' Wit ilsor .Melon, Carolina, water. ' green citron ' pine apple ' nutmeg ' caiiteloupe ' Minorca .......v, „...,.. j Jl/ag'o/nm, sweet Dutch case knife * Pumkpins, finest family ' large Lima pule 5 Sqnasli, early bush ' Canadian dwarf ^ ' crook neck ' thousand fold ' marrow Also, a few bushels of the Dwarf White Cluster Beans, a superior variety ; Early Pink-eye Beans With every variety of GARDEN SEEDS. A few bushels of Foul Meadow Grass Seed. Yellow Locust seed. White Mulberry do. •360 iNEW ENGLAND FARMER. j'une 1, 1b2/'. I :misG2j,j:M.'\^fS3. THE HONEST MAN All are not just, because Ihey do no wrong: But lie who will not wrong me Klim he raay, j He is the TRDi.s .irsT. I praise not tliem | Who in their petty dealings pilfer not : ! But him whose conscience spurns a secret fraud, Where he might plunder and defy surprise. Mis be the praise, who, looking down wilh scorn On the false judgment of the partial herd, Consults his own dear heart, and boldly dares To be (not merely to be thought) an honest man. A Fair Offer. — Make a full etitimate of all you owe, and all that is owing to you. Reduce the same to note. As fast as yon collect, pay over to those you owe ; if you can't collect, renew your I The construction of a canal from North Adams, = i Berkshire county, alon^ the valley of the Hooiac I river to the fhiimplaiii canal at Stillwater, is sug- j gestcd by intelligent gentlemeri of Troy, N.Y. and a meeting of those interested is proposed. painting is not more conspicuous, than his urUl ty in permitting those who are desirous of ing themselves of so rich a treat, to view l!| exquisite specimens of art. [Providence papoil ^ A THKIFTV CALF. A Trand jury in Kentucky has indicted two dis- P" the 15ih of February last, from a co«l tin^irishcd Tennesscans for fighting duels in the Ihis vicinity then owned by Mr Benjamin Gl former state— and Gov. Desha has demanded of I and now the property of Maj. John Gibson ot FT the Governor of Tennessee their surrender for ^cstown, a BuU Calf was produced, weighinj . • , one day old 108 lbs. It was again weighed I I the loth inst. at three months old, and foun(| Effects of Ardent Spirits— A child eleven years 1 weigh 331) lbs. being an increase of 228 : of a^re was drowned in China, (Me.) on the 4th inst. He was sent out on an errand, and somebody treated !iim till he became intoxicated. On his re- turn home, he fell into a brook, and lost his life. nvore than 2|^ lbs. a day. The Cow is of a 1 si;;e, o^ ouv native breed — the Bull half Denton. [Concord N. H. Register ieiB Ik' Books in Factories. — Some kinds of the in Factories demand the greatest attention, bm other kinds of the work the operatives might ^\ Sections of Iron Ruilways, imported from Eng- note every year, and get the best security you can. land by Col. Perkins, may be seen at Mr Allen's Go to business diligently, and be industrious— stationary store, 72 State street, Boston. — A com- 1 ^ote a portion of their time to reading, with ^'leni lose no time— waste no idle moments— be very ^,ttee of the Baltimore Rail Road Company are neglecting their business; I know this by (fsn prudent and economical in all things— discard all travelling to inspect Railways, and to confer with i perience. I contend that books may be admit! „lei; pride but that of acting well — be faithful in your those w^ho are acquainted with them. | imo manufactories, under certain resulatiol duty to God by regular and hearty prayer morn ing and night — attend church and meeting regu larly every Sundav, and " do unto all men as yoh to extreme poverty, there would they should do unto you." If you are too their estates — and there will soon be no one to needy in your own circumstances, to give the give the starving a crust of bread. It is for the poor, do whatever else you have in your power interest of the poor to have some rich. to do for them cheerfully — but if you can, always j — help the worthy, poor and unfortunate. Pursue We are'happy to learn that the Trustees of the this course diligently and sincerely for seven Washington Monument Association, at their Meet- years, and if you are not happy, comfortable, and ing on Saturday last, unanimously ag/eed to place independent in your circumstances, come to me Chantry's Statue of Washington in the New and I will pay all your debts. B. Fuamklin. State Housc^ ^ , , ■ • 31 >'.itliout causing the operatives to neglect th A letter from Cadiz says every thing is tending j ^^,^^^_ ,^^^^ ^^^^ introduced without m L The rich are eating , , . ^, ■ «. . n ii n ■ , * 1 due ing this enect JJeitlmm, ^gistcr. Pliiladclphia Society for promoting Agriciiltnrp k„ JOHN SCOTT, Chemist, late of h^dinhurgh. by \ Wii.i., made in the year 1816, bequeathed the s a( four lhou.mnd rfo/Mr.! m the funded three per ctl"' .^tock of the United States, to the Corporation of tlW Stealing a good Conscience — A respectable look- ing gentleman waliied in to a book auction office, in Boston a few days since, and after inspecting various books, walked out and walked offv/hh one under his arm. The auctioneer on examination, found that his literary visiter had helped hiinse JVurses. — The importance of temperance in a nurse is strongly insisted upon by Mr North, in his ' Observations on the convulsions of Infants.' He says, ' A predisposition to convulsive affections in children may be originally produced in conse- quence of their being suckled by a nurse addicted The perfect pleasure of a good conscience." JV. Y. Statesman. to a book suited to effect his reformation, entitled to the frequent use ofspiritous liquors. In scv- eral instances I have known children rapidly re- cover their health when the nurse was changed, who had exhibited most of the premonitory symp- Congrcgation of Giants. — A note from a res- toms of convulsions while they were suckled by a pectable correspondent informs us of ihe singular woman who indulged in the common vice of gin- fact, that at a dinner given in Louisville, (Ky.) in drinking.' the month of April, there were presentyjtie gentle- men whose united height was thirty two feet Jive city of Philadelphia, to the intent " that the nnd dividends to become receivable thereon, should laid out in Premiums to be distributed among ing- ions men and women, who make useful inventio but no such Premium to exceed Twenty Dolluis ; a that therewith shall begiitn a copper medal with t inscription — "To THE must Deskrtijjo,'" — Tlic 1 lect and Common Councils of the city of jhifadelp having entrusted " thi- Philadelphia Society for proii' ting Agriculture," with the distribution of the ;ifo said premiums and medals, and a com^tti^e oJ" t\ Society liaving bn-n app inted to attend wierctn, th will receive applications for the same. Certificates of the originality and utility ofihe vention, must accompany the applications, which ni be direct •' to the Committee of Ihe Philadelphia 1 ciety for promoting Agriculture, on Scott's legac; and forwarded free of expenre. A description of the invention, must be given in c] language, and correctly written, accompanied 1 I drawings in perspective and detail, where necessary Many parents have a silly fondness for their ] illustrate it. Where the invention is a composif inches ! The height of each was as follows :— the children which often passes for affection. The . matter, specimens of the ingredients and of the c tallest was6 feet fii inches- the noM 6 feet (i sinccrest and most genuine affection of which ; po^Umn of matter sufficient in quantiy for the purpo tallest wast) leei o* incnes , uic next, o leci u j ■ ^u ^ u- u -u ■ ,, l of experimt-nt. and to preserve in the Cabinet of II inches ; the next, 6 feet 4i inches, and the last, parents can be possessed, is that which will induce 6 feet 4 inches. [Bait. Amer.] them to train up their children in the way they should All persons keeping tan-yards, are obliged when „ .. . ,, ^, . ,.,,.. , , ■; !■.!»■•. u r „..fU„, ' Petri taction. — Mr Comins, while digging a ccl about to remove from the tan-pits such Leather, '/''-' ^, „ ,, ,i ■ 7 r i . , ., , , „„; j„ „;„„ I lar in front of the Court House in this town, tounj, ... ,. .,„.,„„i, ,j as has undergone the process ot tanning, to give '<;' , . , , , ^ u i i \v^ H,,„nr. i,. oi K.,„.' „„T;.„ .. »l,o .n...r nf thp df, i^rirt he- 1 «ba"t three feet below the surface, some Hemlock Wm. Hv „bf,,. J« Society, will he expected. The Committee consist of the following gentleme James Mease, M. D. Vice Pres. Phil. Agrir. Poc. Robert Hake. M.D. Prof. (hem. Univer. Penn. James Ronai.dson. Pres. Franklin Institute. W. CoNRAn Lecturer on Mineralogy. I bark in a state of petrification, some part of it 91 hours' notice to the guager of the district be fore the skin can be taken out. .\ few days ago, , -n ,, _ i- ... • 1 u 1 .■ „t-i beino- completely turned to stone. I' roin the po an officer of Excise, when perambulating ono ot "*-;"" '^"'"^■'='^'0' " ' ," ' gjg^jjj |j|g j sition. It appeared to have neon on a post — the Wm. Philips the above concerns, in the act of takin foot slipped, and he w.is very near tumbling, stock book, rule and all, into the tan-hole ; at the in- stant, a young lad, with Uie utmost sang froid, observed there before taking you out." [Lend, paper.] wood of which had completely decayed and turned to common earth. [Bangor paper.] BKLIJOIJN'DIR. This celebrated horse, . ; bright Bay, with black legs, standing 15 hands his: celebrated tr.-Vter, and a true desccndunt of the A - «h;o.V*, will stand at Cnl. Jaques' stable, in Charles town, during the season. Charge $20, and $1.00 till groom— see 'New Fnglaml Farmer. May 4. 1826. ,,.,,., Paintings — A gentleman of this State, Mr " J. ^ A. Fates' Patent Hoes, .-ed — " Have a care, feir, you don t^ lall in | Vernon, of Newport, has, we believe, the choic- ; Conslanllv for snh hv Fn neb .'c Weld. 31 & 32 S ; if you do, we must, give 21^ hours' notice , ^^^ specimens of the old masters that can be found Market str.-et. sob- »:.'enls for vending- th^ same. in the U. States in one collection. There are up- i POWOr 14, Shot, Palls, Flints, and Percussion ( ; — r. ^ ,. I wards of 40 paintinsrs in his possession, all of ! \'> holes le and R. tail. Conslantly on hand at 65 P It appears that immense quantities of corn have ! ,. , ,, , ;, ,. .c , • .„ ,„„; i 'Street. ' f oi'FI. t> F .' 11 a|jpv,u ■, c- 7iK TT ,, J I , I w-hich were collected by himself, uuring a re.=i.l- ' "^'^"" been s hipped lor Brazil from Aeu; HoUand ! A I ^^,^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^^ „,^ ^^,^„,^ , ^^^^^ ^^^ vessel lately arrived with ac.rgn, ,n .5 oays,ar,d ^^^^ ^_^^ ^^ ^,^^ _, ^^^ origitmlity of the , ' ' reported that sever^U more were on Ihcr way. _,,|^^^.^ .^ unqnestionable.-Mr Vernon's taste in ' So"li i^ [ rhlish.d e' tnnetn, il' paid i ry lri,I;.y, at •$:,: I adiaiice. NEW ENGLAND FAR3IE11. ^Published by John B. Rubsf.ll at No^5~» North Market .Street, (over tlie Agriciiltiiral VViirehousc). — Thomas (i. I-'kksenukiN, Kditor. OL. V. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1827. No. 46. D R I G I NAL PAPE R S. [hV TIIK El>ITOR.] WATERING PLANTS, LIQUID MA- NURE, &,c. ii r Loudon gives tho following directions rela- te this subject. " Watering becomes rcqiii- For various purposes ; us aliment to plants in jwinj state ; as support to newly transplant- lants ; for kecpin;:: under insects ; and keep- clean the loaves of vegetables. One fjeneral must be ever kept in mind during the om- ment of water ; that is, never to water the )r leaves of a plant when the sun shinci;. A ent's reflection will convince any one that rule is agreeable to the laws of nature, for ig rain the sun's rays are intercepted by a ■ply of fog or clouds. All artificial watering, ;fore, should be carried on in the evening, or r in the morning, unless it be confined to wa- ig the roots, in which case, transplanted ts, and others in a growing state, may be wa- 1 at any time ; and if they are shaded from iun they may also bo watered over their tops." ater used for watering plants should not be !i\ directly from a well or cold spring, as it give a ehill to the vegetation ; but should be ■sed one day at least to the shining of the sun. )uld he applied gently, anJ in small quanti- at a time, that it may have an effect similar' gentle rain. If too forcibly and plentifully led it is apt to wash away tho finest of the Id from the roots ; or make little cavities t them, which admit too much air. e following rules for watering plants are from Darwin's Piii/tolof^ia, or the PUilosopli)/ of 'culture and Gardening. "There are two jmstances to be attended to in giving water lants ; which are, not to water them during hot part of the day in summer, nor in tho eve- s of spring, when a frost maybe e.\pecfcd ; lOth these circumstances we may be said to ' nature, as rain is generally preceded by a dy sky, and is never accompanied by frost ; ■ •- — o"! me time vast swarms of them flying far above \ "1"!^'' attention to the honey wliich flows from. u a few minutes the whole community will (|M ascended, and tiie hive witli the bees in it maj placed upon the pedestal from which the fullj v.as reniovo-J. Tho hivB, fro:n which the { have been driven, must then be taken into, house, and the operation of cutting out the iioi comb commences. Having extracted the r^ -site quantity of comb, this opportunity miisfl embraced of inspecting the hixe, and of clea it from any noxious matter. In cuttin"' the co, huwover, particular atteulion should be paidi to cut into two or three combs at once, butJ ing commenced the cutting of one, to pursue,' the top of the hive ; and this caution is necos, for two reasons. If you begin the cutli.ig of'j or three combs at one time, were you to exB the whole of tlieui, you would perliaps tal;e' much ; and, secondly, to stop in the middle comb, would he attended with vcrv pernici consequences, as the honey would drop froir cells which have been cui in tvvo, and then- bees on being returned to their native hive, ii^ be drowned in their own sweets. The bees, in their return to their natural domicil, be un'ler the impression of fear, would nut sorne small fields of grass six 1 ^^^'^^ heads. The customary flight of grasshop- ( "'^'•"^'' cp"s ! and as it would fall on the boj Voron-r, ^C 1, ^....- - .^ ^. , nPi'i l-jiVol,' nvn/iarlc- *>.*.... «.. fl..,, J- __ _ _, .1 '. and ffOm that On tll,a (Tj-niin/? ft.n K^^^f. I.,,l 9 , "" "^'u= "1 glass f l.\ I '--- .' •'■ii'-- "■ giasnuuu- - - "" t:mes, and the average of each cutting is fifteen [ P*^''^ rarely exceeds four or five yards, and their =■"<' "o™ that on the ground, the bees belong inches in lengJi. There are disadvantages, how- 1 "''"S'^ "'''= ^PPa'''ently so weak as to forbid excur- 1 ^° "'^ °'^^'' ''i^'es would immediately scent) ever, attending this mode of applying thTs power- N°"^ °-^'^°"'^'^^ much beyond these limits. It is ,^^'''*''^'' treasure, and a general attack upqn ' ;u! manure. It must be applied so'on after it i^ | '° ^^ observed, however, 'that they customarilv re- <;<-'P"^''''-''J 'live miglit be dreaded. The dopr| ioinu'd, or oftentimes tho putrefactive process will ' '^'"■"' '"""^ perish on the very grounds which thev '''°" °^ ^''^ honeycomb being effected, the I ■ «o»>'nence and deprive it of a part of its eflicacy 1'"''"= ravaged " '. j may I'e returned to its former position, and And i,s urine is of a scorchins qualilv, it is" un- 1 'r,, . r...-,. ^ ^ ... — TT" : ^ | versing the hive which contains tho be ■ For an account of the most approved manner of constructing b.rns in Pennsylvania, see N. E. Parmer vol ■ page Ml ; likewise in the Ameri can edition of Rees' Cyclopedia, Art. Bars IT "•"•'■'■t.T , 11, v,iti.uiu«s luBu irom may repieiiisn w he occupations by which they live ; it engenders Treatise on Bees. Idleness and all the vices of h«r train. The man .. Total deprivation is effected in tlip same ira who has been lounging, for a year or two, about a ner, but earlier in the season, immcdiatelv ifl court, awaitin; the trial of, perhaps, some petty the first swarm ; and the bees, instead of bej action, in which his ro.>=eutment3 are more coii- retHirned to a remnant of iwuey in their old ' cerne than his interest, aot only loses his time remain in the new cmpy one, which they j and Ir.bour, so precious to him, but contracts hab- sometimes, tliongh rarely, fill with comb By I Its v.^ich lay the foundation of his ruin.— .^wen"- 1 mode it is to be observed, very little „oncv iJ can qnarMy Revteu: 1 t,i„ed, the bee., in June and July being occuj Vol. V No 4(1, NKW ENGLAiVD I AUi\il^ii 368 lefly in breedin-;, and one, if not two swarms to that which is boiled ; alleging that the first los- 1 the retu lost luffocation is performed when the scoson of ers begins to decline, and generally in Octo- Tlie smoke of paper, or linen rag soaked or eared with molted sulphur, is introdiued to the ■e by placing it on >i hoK? in the ground, where en shreds of thoso articles are undergoing a otheviiig combustion; or the full hive may bo iced oil an empty one, inverted as in partial do- ivation, and the sulphureous smoke introduced fumigating bellows, itc. The bees will fail m the upper to the lower hive in u tew minutes, len they may be removed and buried, to prevent u.-.citation. Such a death seems one of the siest, both to the insects themsol^es and to hu- tn feelings. Indeed, the mere deprivation of c to animals not endowed with sentiment or ru- ction, is reduced to the precise pain of the mo- snt without reference to the past or the future ; id as each pulsation of this pain increases in ef- ct on the one hand, so on the other the susoep- iity of feeling it diminishes. Civilized man i.< e only animal to v. Iioin death has terrors. Eslimaie of Ihe hum■> to <>■• quire irom •l2lo ; quintals of leaves for their food. One quintal of cocoons will yield only from 9 to 10 pounds of spun silk. 'i'lie coQoon.5, one year with another, sell for Q'l sols per poinul. ., ,, , 1 '^''ic spun bilk, w.'ieu thoroughly cleaned and . . .^ - r :,"" ^."'°'? f^ons'^'e'-ably, as they ap- j prepared for tlic loom, will bo diminished in quau- a mile from my own house. The leaves wore galf erod ai usual in small baskets, and then put into sacks, in which last they were brought homo to me. But as this necessarily required their lying for some time in the sacks, I observed that in general when they caine to hand, this had occasioned the peaied perfectly wet when turned out of the sacks, j tity nearly one fourth. Having an e.vcellent dry vault or cellar, which I set apart for keeping my leaves, I had them si)read upon the floor of this cellar, having first made it as thoroughly clean as possible. I then caused a servant to turn them upside down, and toss them about continually, by means of the wood-fork or grape before described, till they were perfectly dry ; but taking care at the same time that this should be done in the gentlest manner, so as not to bruise any of the leaves : and I attended myself upon this occasion to be certain that my orders liat have been partially or wholly deprived of! were punctually obeyed. The leaves were then Jieir honey, it may be safely affirmed, that there } served up to the vi'orms as wanted ; nor did I ob- not one in ten that does any good. If thejlive | serve that their having been sweated in this man- Ill the succeeding spring they are commonly too: ner was attended with any bad effect; on the eak to collect food or to breed, and, being plun- i«red by tUeir neighbors, dwindle away, till at St the hive is without inhabitants. A prompt •eatli is surely profera.ble to one so protracted. — iome judicious observatii ns on this will be found 1 Hiiish's book, extracted from the works of lia Irenee, a French apiarian. — Loudon. ON THE CULTURE OF SILK. Continued from page 355. Such waste silk as you wish to have white, is \ pound of spun silk, one year with another, sells in Prance for 25 livres. I shall close these observations, by beggin" leave to suggest to the Society whether it mio-h't not considerably promote the object they have in view, to encourage the two following particulars : the first, the forming plantations of the white mul- berry tree, upon the soil v/hich has been found in France to be the most proper for this purpose : namely, upon gravel or sand which ought to be thoroughly cultivated yearly, but without sutler - ing any manure to bo put upon it. And the other the raising the white mulberry tree annually from seed, which is undoubtedly the quickest and most e.xpeditious way of gettiug a proper supply of these them, and continued strong and healthy till they mounted the brushwood, and yielded me a reasona- ble quantity of excellent cocoons. Reflecting up- on this accident, it appeared to me, that the prac- tice of sweating the leaves might turn out to be beneficial in a climate that was not so dry as the south of Franco ; in England, for e.xaraple, which was the object I always carried in viev/, as a great deal of the gross moisture of the leaves might by that means be discharged before they should be reated in the following manner: you first put thelgiven to the worms; and, indeed, that seems to icons into a kettle of cold water, in which you . be the more necessary in the present state of ct them lie for twenty-four hours ; after which our mulberry plantations, the most of our trees, ou take M quantity of water, such as you judge as far. as I have been able to learn, being planted o he sufficient for boiling your cocoons, anJ for ■ring them properly, v.liich you put into a cop- Dcr kettle. In this water you dissolve some good ■so.ip. giving at the rate of a quarter of a pound of tp for every pound ot cocoons you intend to 'boil : and when ihe soap is thorougly dissolved, you tie up your cocoons in a clean cloth, to pre- vent the silk from running together, and so put them in this manner into the kettle ; when you boil them together till you see that the cocoons are grown white, taking care during the time they are upon the fire to keep tlie cocoons dnwn a- mongst the w.i'.er 'lith a stick, that they f! ay all be boiled equr.lly to-elher. When you find that they are abundantly white, you take them out, and c rry them to the river and wash them as you did the other, till the water which comes from them is per eclly clear ; after which you spread them out, and dry them, as before directed, in the sun. Though the prices of the waste silk, prepared in the two different manners above mentioned, are generally the same, yet the merchaat rather pre contrary, tho worms always fed heartily upon trees, and which will ha^-e this additional advan- in garden grounds highly inaniirod, which of course renders the leaves too rich an.l succulent to form in this natural state a proper food for the worms ; nay, in France, as already observed, they are re- garded as highly dangerous for that insect Would it not therefore be proper, if the society should be pleased to recommend this matter to bo fully e.x- amined by experiments, to have the truth ascer- tained, as it is certainly of importance, that the most wholesome food should be provided for the use of the worms. Wishing to know what was judged to be a reas- onable return in silk, from an ounfe of eggs, I took the opportunity of putting that question to a gen- tleman of great practice in this culture. His an- tage, as by this means a continued succession of tender young leaves will he obtained for the use of the worms in their early state, as these are be- yond a doulit the hc-st food for them till they havi- got over their two first ages. It having been the general opinion in France, that some great errors had crept in as to the man- agement of the culture of silk, v/hich occasioned a heavy loss to the kingdom, IMonsieur Marteloy of Montpellier, thg gentleman already mentioued more than once in the foregoing observations, with a view to trace out the faults of that man- agement, and to endeavor if possible to remove them, carried on a course of experiments, during- no less than eighteen years successively, before I went into that country, by means of which he was satisfied he had traced the evil to the bottom ; and insisted that their want of success in that culture was entirely owing to the causes foUowinn', name- ly that proper attention was not paid to thai, cleanliness which was absolutely requisite to keep the worms in health and vigour : secondly, that the practice waste crowd the worms most improp- erly into too small bounds: and thirdly, that they absolutely destroyed all hopes of success, by keeping their worms too close, by e.xcluding all external air, which had the effect to render the air of the room perfectly noxious and destructive to the worms ; which of course occasioned a great swer was, that he reckoned himself very well off; mortality of these insects. Upon this subject he when he had at the rate of 5 pounds of silk to an prepared a memorial, to be laid before the French ounce of eggs, though he said he had sometimes minister, of which he favored me with a perusal, got ("I, 7, e, and even 9 pounds per ounce ; and he and from which I took notes, which enable me to had known others get as much as 10 pounds per lay before the society the substance of that me- ounce. But he repeated, that he thought a person morial. (To be continued.) had full reason to be satisfied with 5 lbs. of silk ^ per ounce, more especially if his quantity of worms ' At twenty years of age, the Will reigns: fers the silk cleaned by means of the cold water were larTO, as the larger tho quantity of worms, thirty, the Wit ; at forty, the Judgement. 364 NEW ENGLAND FAUMEU. June 8, 18251 Itaitwrnjs. — A writer in a Kentucky paper pro- poses the constroclion of wooden railways for the westoni country. The plan is to lay sawed tim- ber, five inclic3 by twelve, ami six feet long, with the edge upwards, on stone pillars a foi t liigii and | responds to some day in the beginning of M:| six feet apart ; the svheels of the waggon to he tlie Emperor in person goes througli the cerei of the hardest wood, and of the same width as the i of opening the ground. lie repairs in great : CHINESE AGRICULTURAL FETE. The national agricultural fete of the Ch deserves to be noticed. Every year, on thel teenth day of tho first moon, which generally [ "mutilation of trees, defacing fences, iiobbing orchards, &c. In compliance with the wishes of a correspon- dent, who inriuircs « what arc the penallies of the law against mutilating trees, robbing orchards, &,c." we have referred to the statute book^ an farmer. The editor thinks that similar ex-! rtt ments in a^rapcs for wine, in olives, indigo, and in cochinoal would be attended by the same { Ht. { A nnmber of eggs of the silk worm ;;• vo been sin ight to the farm of the lion. G. \V. Owen, and , 3 subsisted on the wild mulberry of the coun- i They are now at worli in a most vigorous B, promising an abundant product of the raw p Brial for the manufacture of Silk. iMr Hugh idson, residing a few miles from tliis place, on of 2d or 3d quality, transplanted a small ; nii ility o[' sugar cane, whicii yielded greatly be- j 1 tlic calculation of the most sanguine." i evinced its utility. To evpry runlet of five gal- lons, after being placed in a cask on ship board, not to be stirred any more, put in two new laid liang pondaJit, with the leaves of a reddish cast, and not half grown, which would induce a bye slander who was unacfiuaiuted with their economy, ggs whole, and let them lie in it. In a fortnight I to think that they had not begun to grow. Some or a little wore, the egg-sliells will be entirely " " • - dissolved, and the eggs become like wind-eggs, enclosed only in their skin : after this the while is preyed on, but the yolks arc not touched or cor- rupted ; and by these means the ale h of the shoots had attained the length of 9 inches. Mansfield, June 5. I. S. A friend at Bradford, Mass. has favoured us with been so ; the following account of the weather, the three well preserved that it was found better in Jamaica' past seasons, — for publication in the New Englantl tlian at Deal. Quere ; why could not porter, ci- \ Farmer, der and other liquors be preserved by the same ; NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1827. is stated by a French writer, in comparing advantages of using horses and oxen as beasts . ,1,' ibor, that oxen are subject only to forty-seven j '' IS of diseases, while horses are liable to two ! dred and sixty-one, besides accidents, some of ;h, sucli as breaking of a leg, render a horse 3 value, while an ox may be sold to the butch- ' [Salem Observer.] t t I uackerij. — The celebrated Dr Thompson and j disciples continue, unchecked, in tlicir career I estructiun. From the nature aiid elTect of the I tor's proscriptions, one is almost inclined to 2V0 that Professor Person's (we believe it w;)s | IProfessor's) ingenious fiction of Satan's Pil- | lage has become a reality. The last number i he Geneva Palladium furnishes a specific, in- ■ed for sore eyes. It is " an extract of rod , 3er ; and in case of much inflammation pul- , aed pepper, blown in dry with a goose quill !" remedy for puUnonaiy disorders, it will be ro- ibered, isfunns of sulphur, taken inwardly. — ly thing savours of a sub-terrestrial origin, it t be brimstone and pepper. — JV*. Y. Slatesman. TO THE EDITOr. 01- THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEIl. Cloudy S,- Fair. Stormy. \ 21G 150 WINDS. Soulli. .Vorth. West. East. •10 112 90 70 Variabl 48 225 IfO 182.'5. i:j 140 100 ■v\ 48 189 170 182G. 39 129 120 40 37 SEASONS. Mr Fessenden — The following table contain, observations of the time that apple-trees have ' onions. been noticed to be in full blossom, in the town of' ^°°^' Cyclopedia gives the following directions Manstiekl, Mass. for the last thirty years. If you ' ''°'' ascertaining if onion seed will vegetate. » As think it worthy a place in the Farmer, and" its ; ''' '^ °^ "^''^ "''"ost importance to have good fresh length is no objection, you can publish it. 'seed, some to try its goodness, before they ven Yours, &c. I. STEARNS jr. 1 '""^^ their general crop, sow a little in a pot, and Mansfield, June 5, 1827. ' t place it in a moderate hot bed or near a fire; u more expeditious method however, is to tie about ■fallible Cure for Canker in the Stomach. — Take pint of dry white beans, and boil them in two ■ts of water. Give to adults two table spoon- and to children one tea-spoonful. Give sena hysic next day. — This simple medicine has ;ted cures when physicians have given the ents over. [Salem Observer.] ■.nocence. — The sweetest ingredient in mirth inocence ; it heightens and refines the hu- ir and doubles the relish of every enjoyment. ive seen many bad men brutally merry ; but er one of them quite open, easy and uncheck- .n his mirth. That absolute serenity, that su- me ease, is solely the gift of virtue. 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1S04 1805 IBOt; 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 May 13 1813 ' 19 18J4 ' 17 1815 ' 17 181C • 9G 1817 ' 22 1818 ■ 22!l819 ' 14 1820 ' 27 1821 ' 27 1822 ' 18 1823 ' 25 18:24 ' 19 1825 ' 15 1826 June 2 1827 May 13, 1798 and Juno 2, 1812 are the two ex tremes, — the mean of wliich is May 23, May 25 ■ a thimble full of the seed loosely in a piece of lin- • 14 |en rag, and put it in a vessel of hot water, sus- ' 27 pended by a thread ; in ten to fifteen or twenty ' 28 minutes, pull it out, and if the seeds are good, ' 23 they will, in that time have germinated or sprout- ' 29 ed, perhaps to the extent of a quarter of an inch ' 25 in iengU'.." - ' 17; It would, perhaps, have been well in this pre ■ 27 scription to have stated the degrees to which the ' 15 " hot water" should be heated, to bo ascertained • 23 by a thermometer. And it would, also, not be 19 amiss, if onion seed can be made to germinate ir> 15 this way, to try the same or some similar process ' 15 to asccitaiii the goodness of other seeds. ' LAND AND LABOUR. An English farmer must entertain a contempti- ble opinion of our husbandry, or a horrid idea ot leallh and Money. — There is this diflerence be- en health and money : money is the most en- 1, but tlie least enjoyed ; health is the most en- ;d, but the least envied ; and this superiority he latter is still more obvious when we reflect t the poorest man would not part with health money, but that the richest would gladly part h their money for health. TO PUF.SERVE .iLE. 'he following method for preserving ale from ling sour during long voyages was first pub- ed by Dr Stubbs (Eng. Phil. Trans. No. 27,) . subsequent writers say that experieaco has m, ,,, . '\ ' Bie opinion or our nusUanilry, or a liornd idea ot ■Hie mean annual blossoming of the thirty years „,, Lds, when he sh.U be informed that not May 21 ; and «lso of tne 1st and last 15 years. ^^,, ^lan 8 or 10 bushels ot wheat is the yield of riie above ooservations were taken when the k » .t,- i , i -u i . ,, u 1 r ,, , , ■■""«-" ivMCM iiiL ^j, 2(,yu . J5y{ (jjjg ]Q^y produce may bo ascribed to blossoms had tully expanded, a'enerallv and the ■ ■ i r i \ ^ a ^ , , , -..l „„ ,, I ,, . !, J. &'-""''"J' '"'" ""- a cause wmch I do not hnd touched by either ot corollas had begun to blow off'plonlifully with eve _ gust of wind, except the russet and some late kind's which are more slow and gradu blossoms. FoaEST trees by the gentlemen whoso letters are sent to you, namely, that the aim of the farmers in this coun- opening their (ry (if they can be called farmers) is, not to make i the most they can from the land, which is or has I been cheap, but the most of the labour, which is It appears to be a fact not generally known, ex- dear ; the consequence of which has been, much cept to a few botanists, with what quickness the ground has been scratched over and none cultivat- oak, walnut, and a great number of other forest [ed or improved as it ought to have been ; where- trees attain their annual growth in the length of [ as a farmer in England, where land is dear, and their shoots. I have kno vn the o.ak from the time labour cheap, finds it his interest to improve and the bud was expanded, when it may with proprie-; cultivate highly, that he may reap large crops ty be said to commence its growth, to send forth from a small quantity of ground. That the last a shoot G, 9, and 12 inches, and sometimes more in is the true, and the first an erroneous policy, I will theehort space of 48 hours, and also to finish its | readily grant ; but it requires time to conquer bad growth for that year, and form its winter buds : habits, and hardly any thing short of necessity is within that time. j ^[,jg ^^ accomplish it. Thatnecessity is approach- 1 observed a number of oaks, called here the iug by pretty rapid stMos—fVashington's Lei Ked Oak; on the 16th of May, when their buds had ! ters to Arthur Young. just got fairly opened ; I was passing that way two I days after, and observed that they had finished j ^ ^"'"'''^ sentiment. their growth for this year, and formed their buds '^^^ more I am acquainted with agricultural uf for winter. The shoots appeared green, and to I f^'"' '^^ better I am pleased with them : insomucl. 3G6 NEW ENGLAND FAllMEll. June ti, 1827. that I can nowhere fin-1 so great satisfaction as in than that of the ./IgricuUuml ll'arehouse, No. 52 those innocent and useful pursuits, In in.iulging North Market street, (under the office of the New these feelings I am led to reflect how much more England Farmer.) We have heard it asserted by deliffhtful to an undebauchcd mind is the task of adequate judges, who have seen similar establish- j making improvements on the earth, than all the j ments, as well in Europe hs the United Stales, that j vain-gTory v.fiich can be acquired from ravaging it j for the number, variety, and evident utility of the by the most unintcrrapted career of conquests. | implements, there is no repository of the kind; Ibid. 1 which can bear a comparison with that to which' WASHINGTON'S OPINION OF "HF. VALUE OF mules! we allude. ,• l ' ... ^ ... . ,.• „„ i VVc Know ot no place where a leisure hour or I have a prospect of introducing into this coun- I • ' ' ,'; . r • 1 1 ,„„„„ „ri'"''0 *=»" be more profitably as well as agreeably trv a verv excellent race of animals, by mean.s ol. ,■ ,"i V-, , .-.1 1- r c. ■ n „ „f ,i,„ spent, by any person who 13 concerned or takes an the liberal.tv ot the king of Spain. One ol the . "^ ' ■ , •, r ., u i i .i , ,. ,-, ,1. ., ,,.„ I interest in tiie pursuits of the husbandman, than lacks which he v/as pleased to present 10 me (the . . "^ . . ' ' . . , . ,• I »,ri 1 1 :„u 1,;, in tlie spacious, airy, and convenient rooms ot this other perisned at sea is about 15 hands high, his ' ,i , r i. i ■ i . i fi ,,',,., , . ,.''.,■ I Repository. Members of the egisaturo and other body and limbs very Ifirge in proponion to his i • ■' ,r n ■ . i . u i • , .^, , ., , 1- uTi , J <• 1,;™ ) Sentlemen are respectful v invited to call and in- heisrht; and the mules which I have had from him o ,■ „ " , • , i = ' , . , 1, r 14-, „..„;„o I spect the machines, &o. and practical and scien- appear to be extremely v/cU formed for service, r, , ' ,-r ,l ■ .. i. rW 1-. 11. • „.f„ f,„.„ tine farmers would gratify the proprietors by sng- i have likewise a lack and two jennettes from , . ^ j ,,• • . .u • ,, ,, L- r .1 \i • 1 1 n „„„t f„ Resting improvements and additions to their as- Malta, whicli the JSlarquis de la Fayette sent to ^ .,,-,, . , , ■ , ,1,. c- ■ . • I 11 I ,i„f„,i »„ tortment, which they wish to bring as near portec- me. The .Spanish lack seems well calculated to . ., , •' " , J , II. 1 ,1, „.!, tion as possible. breed ior slow, nc;ivy draught ; and the otn- \ ' ers for the saddle or lighter carriages. From destroy insects. these, altogether, 1 hope lo secure a race of ex- y.-^ i^^^,^ repeatedly published a mode of des- traordinary goodness, which will stock the coun- 1 j,.oying insects, first suggested, we believe, by the try. Their longevity and cheap keeping will be j ^^^ q^. Harris, and subsequently recommended circumstances mnch in their favour. I am con- ; ^y jir Preston and others, of kindling fires ia gar- vinced from the l.ltlo experiments I have made , .[^.^g ^^j „([,gf places, where insects nre injurious, with the ordinary mule.., (which perform as much u^at the depredators may fly into the blaze. A labour, with vastly less feeding than horses,) that gg^tleman assures us thr.t he"has proved the utili- those of a superior quality will bo the best cattle Ly oCtliis practice : and this may be a good time we can employ for the h.",rnc.ss : and indeed in a , c^. oj|,pj.g ^^ ^^^-^^ themselves of its practice, few years I intend to drive no other lu my car- j)r Harris observed (see N. E. Parmer, vol. i. p. riage, having appiopnatcd for the sole purpose of ,37,,) ^^^^ ^ j-i^d of flambeau mio-ht be made by breeding them, upwards of twenty of my best ^^.j^ji^g j.^^^^ one end of a stick about a foot and |l!SO( ill. 5'' -Ibid. SAND. No manure is so good as sand to loosen and soften a clayey soil. A cLiy soil has more of the food of plants in it than any other soil, and wants only to have its coliesion sa.Ticienlly broken to crive a free passage to t!ic roots of vegetables. A layer of two and an half inches thick will' not be too much for land in tillage if it bo a stiff clay. — The benefit of sanding docs not appear so much the first year, as in a year or two afterwards For the oftener the land is tilled the more thoroughly is the sand nii.scd with t'.-e clay. But Band, laid on clay lun:!, in grass, will produce a great eCect. It is a rule, says Sir John Sincl-iir, in regard to sandy soils, never to pick oJany small stones that may be found in them, r.s tliey contribute to pre- vent ev.iporalion, and to preserve moisture. It is another ruin iVeqiicntly to renovate the strength of such soiis, by laying ihani dovrn with grass seeds, and pasturing them for a fe'-v years, as they arc apt to be exhausted by raation, if corn crops arc too frcquonlly repeated. AGRICULTURAL WARCHOUSF.. It was well rema,rked by T. D. Burrall, Esq. in an Address delivered before the Ontario {M. Y. Agricultural Socinty, that " uc sliould encourage lal or saving machines in husbsnur}'. as this ten.i.s to give us an advantage over tliosof countric.-. where Uaido are dear, by enabling a stftaller capi tal to yicl.l a g cater profit. Thus, i|||abour ii: England be worth two shillings per dnj*, and here it is worth four i^'iillings, then a machiiife perforni ing the l.ibour of two days in one is of double the value to us th-it it is there." If this statement \h correct, (and we think there cm Iw n.. 1!,. ^ln of it there are fsw establishment lions a half long, old rags, or swingled tow, dipped in tar or melted brimstone. Let this be stuck into the ground, and set on fire with a candle, and it will continue burning a considerable time, and prove the funereal pyre to myriads." Mr Preston recommends simply kindling fires in a garden with shavings and light wood. It has been remarked, in some parts of the country, that birds are uncommonly scarce this season. A new race of Martins has t.ot yet made i!s appearance. An abundance of insects and worms may be e.xpected. Early Cauliflowers will now produce their he care must be taken to break down the leavet preserve the flowers from sun and rain. Draw earth round the plants, in the form of a basin retain tlie water, which should be frequently en them plentifully, which will greatly en^ ^jD the size of the flowers ; this is absolutely ng sary in dry seasons. The oiuliflower plants, from late sowing, sii now be planted out finally ; if not done in ri iC""" weatiier, give them water after planting, and a large leaf ol cabbage, a.s a shade, over theiB fc'" Celery plants may now be planted out in trap cs ; mark out the trenches by line, ten or tvtfi fc' inches wide, and allow three feet between ti^ and trench ; dig each trench a moderate sj deep, and spread the earth, dug oul, equaj|j 'vM each side of the trench ; put about three ii^ M'* of very rotten dung into the trench, thou pare sides, and dig these with about two inches of under mould, incorporating all together ; theq M'' in the plants, in the middle of the trench, iqt fei gle rows, about six inches asunder ; trim before planting. When completed give ttiS L^j plentiful watering, and shade them by plaii slicks across the trenches, and over those pine boards, until they strike root, and boj^ grow, when the boards are to be taken off. j When the plants are grown to the heigB eight or nine inches, they should have their ' landing, this must bo done, by pulverizing' I earth, and laying it gently around their ■ I leaving the hearts and tops free ; repeati]| every few days, until they !ire blanched of r ficient height. 'ifexo peas may still bo sown, and if the ssjk i prove moist, they may produce The Mspurngus, now running up to seed, slii jii: be cleared from weeds ; .'ilso the seeding pir Small Sallads. — Centinue to sow cresses other small sallads, once a week. Water t' often, in dry weather. Afi!i< 1 I«.V.' GARDENER'S CALENDAR FOR JUNE. Melons mid Cucumbers. — All the melons and cucumbers that have hitherto been under the pro- tection of glasses or paper frames, may flow have them removed, and be fully e.vposed to the open air. Refreshment of water will be necessary oc- casionally, and particularly to cucumbers. Keep them entirely free from weeds, and hoe the ground between the plants frequently : C.rnw the earth gently to the stems of all, and lay the vines off in a neat and regular manner; prune lu.'curiances, by nipping off the runners ; lay a sliin- rjle or slate under eacli fruit of the melons. The last week 6f this month sow general crops of melons and cucutiibers for pickling. Wntirmelons, Squashes and Pumpkins. — These plants should be thinned now, if not done before, leaving but three in each hill ; draw the earth A-ith a hoe up to the stems of the plants, as hiiih IS the seed leaves ; keep the ground loose, and perfectly clear of^ weeds; Swicl Potatoes must have earth drawn round the '■.ills, to encourage the growth of the root."; ; lay ifT the vines as regularly a? v '' ' and keep them free from weeds. TRADESME.N'S VILLAS. ' These gardens of the smaller kind, may con from a fourth part to a \\ hole acre, and are c monly managed by a sort of hybrid gardener, ' acts also in the capacity of groom, or of hoH * [servant. On a larger scale they are matuigei master gardeners of the lowest kind, as from s situations they can seldom rise to be heai! { doners. Besides attending to the duties of jobber, as to suburban gardens, the citizen's | I dener ought to study to procure early und . crops of the vegetables most in use ; as p( kidueybeans, potatoes, turnips, &.C., bec;iuse these seasons they are dear to purchase. M summer crops are of less consequence, 's tl may be procured cheap at market. For . .tii reasons, he ought never to be deficient of > ila pot and s.veet herbs, tart pbnt^, &c., as ti:, •: ; ! dcar..r to purchase in proportion lo other \ ' gc bles, because less in demauil. If there arc fram hot-be,!s, and hot-liousos, the same genernl pr eiples are to be observed, viz. when the whole what is necessary for the consumption of the fai ly cannot be raised, to raise such crops as nhe' jerlrom their kind, or the seasons at which th late grown, are most dear to purchase. — Loadi In Berlin, Prussia, there is a morning, ii;iil-di evening, and mirfiii^'/ii Ga/ette — !ind the latt (far from being sleepy, is sa. ; '-' !■(> the mc?t lii i ly of them all. .v.— No. 4ij NEW EiN GLAND i AllMEK. 86; n c.\poiimeiit was made in Enijland, not lonjr " The West," says tlic Virjjinin Com|iilcr, " id I Tliid diiy fecoived .il tlio Kariner otKce, .V4 Nortli c, by two farriers on a young cnw wliich had daily developing- its riches." i'>.\len.sive flocks of i l^IarUrt street, — from .Scotland, a large variety of mc quite ill, insensible and motionless. Her sheep, and large tcoollcu maniijhclones, are found j fresh Turnip Seed, comprising tlie fellowinglciMils- d was opened, and a bladder, contaiiing near- near Steubenvilie. A Ifr Slirceve of Louisville,' \Vliitc flat turnip, ; Largo Norfolk ' pint of water was taken from the brain. The has joined throe keel ho.-.ts together, in tiie mid- j ^ <^""w Scotcli giirdon ' ? White stone • ' nal immediately discovered signs of returning die one of which he has put a steam engine of 'iz\ ^^i'*^ ""ed top turniji. '' Common field ' ngtii, and is now to all appearance perfectly or ;?1) horse power, and thus carried in them 80 1 Long tankard ' , Karly Dutch ' !. tons of freight, with a draught of only 23 inches. I Yellowstone ' ^ Vdlow Malta ' With this fixture he ascended the H'abash 450' Also, three pounds genuine Silver skin Oniou. hiif. &,-c. — Stiawbernes, Raspberries, Chor- , Currants, &c. have been, and are abundant e.Ncellent of their several varieties. Earlv lies are now brought to market, and are plen- Peaches, Pears, &c. are coming on, and nise well. Cabbages, Beets, Potatoes, and It is whispered, that the citizens of Wheeling will give a lar^'e sum of money, say $100,00(1 or upwards to procure the termination of the Balti- uioro Kail Road at that town, and are engaged ;r esculents, we have had on our tables for fi'ining Topographical essays, showing their nat- e time ; and, for the most part, besides beidg "'■<'' advantages, and agricultural resources, and ier. they are better than usu;il. Upon the minerals, coals. &c — Mnriiltn pa. )lc, the season has been, and yet continues, ; ^ There are thirc .Automaton Chess Players now n the U. S. Two natives and one emigrant. favorable. There are some complaints )ng our Farmers about the wheat crop — but trust, the fields of Iniian corn which now look loiuishin,?, will, with the blessing of Provi- ce, make amends. — Pitirsburg, J'^a. paper. Jtrawbenies were sold at 50 cents a quart, in ladelphia on ilie 3!)th ult. They were remaii;- i' large. h q-dchec. — We understand that a drove lof P^i' Canada led cattle started from Milburn for Quebecpn ;dncsday last, and another drove will leav inity in a short time fortiie same market. «e our enterprising citizens «il! have a be d to Canada before many years elapse. jYorridgfivbck pi The sale of the Penguin's cargo, at Stoningtoni on Wednesday, consisting of 5000 Fur Snal Skins; large and small, produced upwards of ?522,000. 154 persons in the city of New York have ap- plied for lots in the new town of Guolph, in Up- A iiLichinc for catting Shingles, by water or rse power has been invented at Lockport, N. Y. 20 bushels ol MILLET, of a superior quality. .■)0 lbs. M.iN(iEL WiRTZEL and Sikiar Beet Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. 100 lbs. LiCLRNE. — Fla.\ seed — Buck Wheat. Beans, bush cranberry ', Melon, Carolina, water, ' rob roy / ' green citron ' marrow J • pine apple ' quaker '' > nutmeg white bus!i > ' cantcloupc ' Dutch case l:nife J • Minorca ' Canadian dwarf J Pam/.ymij, finest family ' thousand fold '' Squash, early bush ' Yellow Cranb'ry ; ' crool; neck Marjoram, sweet { ' marrow A few bushels of Foul Meadow Grass Seed. Yellow Locust seed. White Mulberry do. With every variety of GARDEN REEDS. PRICES OP (Country' PRODijcEr Corrected every Thursday evening. .\I'PLE?,.l)est, .^SIIES, pot, lEt sort, Mr Lobdell, of Plympton has made a living | gp^^j^-^ white "- - ' liEV.r, mess, 200 lbs. Bell, to be used in endeavors to recover the car go of the brig Somcrs, sunk ofl' Portsmouth. Wo are bold to say, that a Rail Road from Bos- ton to th-j Hudson, will become a permanent souice of wealth to the whole State. — Berk. Slav. 'oicc of Vtgttaiion in Mvshrooms. — Some nKii ployed in Mr HaskelPs brewery, in the Isle of j ht, lately observed a large stone to rise con- , jrably at the inter»tices ; and upon ren:oving ' pavement to uscover the cause, found it o be ^ ^^,^-^^^ ,„ ^l^^ j^-„^,.^ isioned by a large mushroom, the vegetative '.ers of which had forced the stone from its station. — Snliibiir-j Jotirnul, Sept. 'i. yard of Virginia cotton i.; v.orth at least two of the Northern Cotton in point of durability." I = Gl No 1, new, - - " No 2, rew, - - BUTTKP., insppct. No. 1. new, CllKF.SE, ncv/ milk, - - . . ' skimmed inlllr, - - FL-\X „ , , , FLAX SEED Herald says, " one plqUR, naltimorc, Howard !=t Agriculiund JVoiice. The Trustees of the liorcester jJgricuUural So- Geue Rve. best. live'. - Corn - niiiley - Oals bbl ton. bush bbl. uusbl bbl. hi Indian cure for the bile of a snake. — From joricnce on myself ant! others, I assert the herb ■.arlc to be a speedy cure for the bite ofa snake "H'A '"-e requested to meet at the Probate Office, I j^^^.'.^, /.(^"^ 'j.^',^,,, ;.^,;, Wi:en immediately applied it will hill or ex- J i" Worcester, on Thursday, the .^Ist day of June | hoP?, No'l, luEpcctron " -'- ct the poison, so that it will be co moro ihan ^ '^''''''e.nt, for the purpose of selecting an Orator, I LIME,' -'---- Etinc ofa wasp--t'i;e place must be scurificf.'.tlic Committee of Arrangements, Blarslials, Judges of( OIL. Lln=(;i.'d, Phi!, and Northern t cht^ved o! pounded, and ■ pplied to the bite Stock, Sic for the approaching Cattle Show of the j ['L.USTER I'ARIS raailsat i some citen. If it be'some time before it can \ Society. As there is much business of importance ] '■"^'^' _j;™'- ll^^^""f^°' ""''' procured and the swelling increased, it will ; 1° l^*-' transacted at this meeting, a genera! and j ^Jj^^ ^^' ' .e a larg.-r quantity and more to be taken in- ii*"'''""' ^^ttendance is earnestly requested. | SEEDS, Hcrd'b"G°ra" °- I'v, and it will have the desired effect. It is |, ■%"'■"'«'■"/'•''« ^■''•-"«'-'^«"'- ', ' "' Clover fP.y 3 90 5 50 5 00 69 ei 42 9 he first plants whicli appear in the sprhig v^like to crow's-foot, it rises to six i.K-h- hi;;;i, is distinguished from all others by its dark ei^n colour ; it rStes in a bunch Hrokfivo nctch- jneiclT stalk, is smooth OB lioth silos, shco'.s to seed in the last of May, gru vs knee V. hen seeded — the leaves on e.-^ch seed stalk :oie pointed than others; each branch bears WILLIAM D. Y\'HEELER, Rec. .?(c'_i;. ( WOO! . Merino, full bIood,wa?h do do un'vaihc-d do 3-4 washed do 1-2 & .} ilo Native - - -do I'lillcd, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Ppiniiiiig, 1st sort PROnSIOjV j^MRKKT. AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE. J^o. 52 North Market street, (Up siaus) opposite ' the noriti side of Famieil Hall. ' GOODYE.AR'S Patent Uny and Manure Foik^ j lyiLLIS' Patrnt Kiidd & f iari^tii'lio. s ! HI|NF.S' paifiit spring' t( nipcrwi potaioo hpes more burrs, which will a.here to cloth BRBKl-.'S wmantrcFcast st^H Spades, Shovels & Hoes BFFF best oieces „„. .l.^ ,-..«» r,f 1 1, „ .-,.„,I cf 11, ,r, uu 'iilTvc. 1 nic i: ... , a ,. »|Dr-r.i , ucM pieces :ien ripe ; the root of the seed stalk dies with iDUNB.iR'S conjinon and iiiiprovij Rake; i — it pernaps d.ies not seed till three I C^M''" F-nslish Ca^! Kleil Hcyllies !ars old. The root in wliich the virtue iie= ig PUpLE\'S common and •'^Jeel back ilo. 1 11-1 i- .jt- 11 1 11 P\SSViORL'» best warranted do. r« .s and s-rows on all .sides fr||a small bulb, ,5,^^^;(.HAI!U'S imprcv.d cast Mecl do. ofa utackisii colour, has a spiopbstc and smell; l^URBY'S pad-nt Composition Rifl, 3 - t when dried v. i'.l answer the purpose. It POPE'S iniprofed hand Thieshiog .Macliiiie " in ri'.'h timber himl an."! never among grass. [Ciult's patent Chums — fhiladelphia^ patent di(!o — he iMissis.sippiand Missouri bottoms aboimd with j*^'""''-''^ l'"''"' dido— Common kind ditio, . t all siz.s. I believe it is not bound to a ce^rtain latitude. I"""'' .^^''■^' . i."''"""'."' ^'^""V' ='"'' Cultivators, cask ;a! busi: lb. 3 CO 82 50 97 00 1 s: 9 50 S 50 7 25 13 10 1 00 5 52 5 25 7.7. C2 1 CO 43 10 15 90 80 3 00' 10 75 2 75 13 00| 14 00 10 76, 11 50 10 75, II 00 2 CO 23 20' 28| David Robixson. IlJorse Rake? Ploughs, Ija Pruriu» and Grass Shears — With a ittunt of Garden Implements. feneral assort- PORK, fresh, best pieces, " whole hogs, VKAI., Mi'T'TCN, - - . . POULTPy, - - - - BUTTER, kc- k tub,- - lump, best, - EGG?, MEAL, r.yp. retail, - - Indian, do. - . POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - 10 45 25 20 25 37 30 32 8 51 ,« M 2'.' l.iisl, 80 8: 4.5 bbl. 2 00 12 10 ii 10 20 is 12 85 90 50 2 50 368 NEW ENGLAND i AIIMER. June 8, ISar. MXSCEZ.IIAKIES. TO AN INDIAN GOLD COIN. BY DR. LEYDEN. [Thtse lines need no eulogium ; tlicy are warm from he heait, and must come home powerfully to the eelings of every reader. The autlior, a nativeofScot- And, had gone as an adventurer to India in starch of | least one hundred thousand dollar ibrtune. 'When at last it was within his grasp, h found that he had gained his i)rizf too late ; health had forever fled. He died a few years ago, a victim to the peculiar diseases of that c\imile.]—Analeclic Magazine. Slave of the darlt and dirty mine, What vanity hath brought thee here? How can I love to see thee shine So blight, whom I have bought so dear : The tent rope's Happing lone I hear, For twilight converse, arm in arm ; The Jackairs shrieks burst on my ear, Whom mirth and music wont to charm. By Cherlcul's dark wandi'ring stream. Where cane-tufts shadow all the wild, Sweet visions haunt my waking dream Of Ttviol, loved while still a child ; Of castled rocks stupendous |)iled, By Esk, or Eden's classic wave, ^ Where loves of youth and friendship smiled, Uncursed by thee, vile yellow slave ! Fade, day dreams sweet, from mem'ry fade ! The perish'd bliss of youth's first prinif, That once so bright en fancy played. Revives no more in after time. I'ar from my sacred natal clime I hacte to an untimely grave ; I'he daring thoughts (hat soared subliiuo Are sunk in ocean's southern wave. Slave of the mine ! (hy yellow light Gleams baleful as the tombfire drear — \ gentle vision conies by night My lonely, widowed heart to cheer ; ITer eyes are dim with many a tear. That once where guiding stars to mine : Her fond heart throbs with many a fear ! I cannot bear to see thee shine ; For thee, for thee, vile yellow slave, I left a heart that loved me true ; I crossed the tedious ocean-wave, To roam in climes unkind and new, The cold wind of the stranger blew Chill on my withered heart — the grave, Dark and untimely, met my view ; .\nd all for thee, vile yellow slave ! i!a 1 com'stthou now, so late, to mock -V wanderer's banish'd heart forlorn, .Now that his frame the lightniMg shock Of sun-rays tipt with death has borne — From love, from friendship, country, torn — To memory's fond regrets the prey ? Vile slave, thy yellow dross I scorn ; Go, mix thee with thy kindred clny. ' I am worth one hundred thousand dollars ? I was just sixty-five last Chri>tmas. 1 am yet hale and strong. Go to : I'll withdraw from the bustle of the world, and the busy luira of the ex- change. I'll retire and enjoy myself.' ' Good !' continued old .Tacobs, manfully striving up the mountain's side — ' Good ! I am worth at Aye, here I'll build ine a warm m.Tnsion — there I'll plant my orchard — on tliis side, I will have my summer- house — round yonder angle we'll run up the sta- ble— and here I will difj the icehouse. What ! must I have all those unsightly woci'en houses blocking up my view ? No matter. I can purchase them of my brother merchant, Mr Hicks ; and then every one of them shall come down.' "Consider, sir, for a moment," observed old .Ta- cobs' land agent, consider what will these poor people do, if you pull down their huts ?" Do ilo ? let them do as they can ; 'tis no concern of mine. And hark ye, Mr Agent, do you sec that mill, that makes sucli a noi.sy clack ? do you see, I say, how its wheel obstructs the stream that waters my grounds ? — Come, no words — that shall come down too. So sagely determined old Jacobs, and he v.-ent homo pleased with the project of his brain. He supjied heartily — ho took his hot punch — cracked his jokes — smoked four cig-.rs — and went to bed. A fit of apople.\y came o suddenly at night, and old Jacobs never more voke ! Two Cotton IVagons meeting on the road to/ gusta (Georgia,) the following dialogue took pl^ between the drivers. " Wliat's cotton in Aug ta ?" says the one with a load. " Cotton,'''' si the other. The enquirer, supposing himself i to be understood, repeats, " what's cotton in A gusta ?" " It's cotton,"' srtys the other. '■ I kn. that," says the first, " but what is it.'" " Whi s'lys the other, " I tell you it is cotton ! cotton cotton ! in Augusta, and every where else, tl ever I heard of." " I know that as well as yoi says the first, " but what does cotton bring in A gusta?" "Why, it brings nothing there, b every boijy brings cotton.'" "Look here,' the first wagoner, with an oath, "you had beU leave the State ; for I'll be hanged if you do*"^ ,' know too much for Georgia" FOS 0^ i ChaUenp:e. — Some yea^ since, Judge , of 1 Rhode Island, received a ch ; enge from Gen , of which ho took no notice Soon after, he met the challenger in a public company, and tlie fol- lowing dialogue ensued between them : j General. Did you receive my note, Sir ? Judge. Yes, Sir. General. Well, Sir, do you intend to fight me? Judge. No, Sir. General. Then, Sir, I shall consider you a piti- ful coward. Judge. Right, Sir ; you knew that very well, or you would never have challenged me. The Reu-ard of ll'ai:— The Duke of Marlbor- ough, observing a soldier leaning pensively on the butt-end of his musket, just after victory had de- clared itself in favour of the British arms, at the battle of Blenheim, accosted him thus : " Why so pensive, my friend, after so glorious a victory "It may be glorious," replied the brave follow, but I am thinking, that all tlie humrin blood I have spilt this day, has only earned me four pence." Influence of the Seat of Government. — Duri' the time that our Legislature held its session Cahawba, tliat town was almost every Winter i undated by the overflowing wnters of the river- town property was held enormously high — prov ions of all kinds were high — labour was high- party spirit ran high — and the citizens (some them at least) carried their heads very high.- Now, the scene is changed : The last session held in Tuscaloosa, and immediately on theii scmbling, and even before, town property ti great rise — provisions of every description ro! labor rose — our spirits rose — whiskey rose- as if an acknowledgement of the suproraai that august body, and as a token of its proft respect, the Black Warrior river has risen height previously unprecedented, not only 'lilt twice — yea, three times has jt been abovi usual high water mark — and for aught we k: will continue to do so, as long as the seat of ernment remains with us. Now mark the i ence. Since the removal, the Alabama has fal] we hear of no freshets — no canoes running (i one house to another — property has fallen — trw has fallen — provisions have fallen — countenanci have fallen — and many of the good citizens a> completely chop-fallen. Such is the magical ar powerful influence of a State House I Tuscaloosa pa. In Amherst, Mass. the two militia companies of the town were lately called out for the choice of officers, a captain in one, and a lieutenant in (he other. The company that was deficient of a lieu- tenant was called first, and after choosing thirli/- fimr individuals, who all for various pithy reas.ins declined, were dismissed. The other company, after choosing tzi-enti/stven captains, none of whom would "stand," were also dismissed, and all went Old Jacobs. — 'Thanks to my lucky stars 1' ex- ! ])eaceably home, well satisfied with their day's claimed old Jacobs, standing near a lofty mountain, ' work, and ready to parade again at short notice. and looking with infinite complacency ni the prop- ' Military honors are becoming pretty cheap. erty which he had puichased at the Tontine Cof- 1 At a late military training in Pike, Bradford co. ,'lllum and Rrfned Salt I'ctre. Constanllv for sale in lots to suit purchasers by ii COPKLaIN'D, jr. .\o. do Broad Street. Shott — Ualls — Flints — and — Percussion Ci oflhe best quality at wholesale and retail. Roman Vitriol of s superior quality, for sale as above by the cask! l^irjrer quantity. 3m March J. S,- ,1. Fates'' Fatent Hoes, Constantly for sale by f'rench k Weld. 31 & 32 So«| Market street, sole asrenis for vending the same. ] POWDEK, Phot, halls, Flints, and IVrcussion Ca^ Wholes lie and Ivetail, Constantly on hand at 65 Broai Street. . E.' COFFJ.ANU. .1 BELI. FOUNDER. This celebraieri horse, bright Ray, with black legs, standing 15 hands high,! celebrated trotter, and a true descendant of the Fire awai/s, will stand at Col. .laques' stable, in Charles- town, during the season. Charge §20, and gl.OO th« groom — see "New EnglHud Farmer, May 4, 'iiV2ti. fee House, — 'Thanks to my lucky stars ! I am i Pa. a man named Everts, aged 73, was killed liy Williams worth one hundred thousand dollars 1' said he, one Piatt; previously to the murder, Piatt had ! 1^"= P*"^ •'t'""' 'ht manj 'fairly scraped together! I think I will buy a nearly gouged out both of the old man's eves.— I ^"S'""'^ ' armer, . lay 2.j ship for Jack ; To.ii sliall be a counsellor ; Patty ves, Patty shall marry the English -Embassador. I RO.MA.W This elegant, full blooded horse, .H iTigMH 'bay, with black le^s, mane and tail, of high spirit ;ii I jood temper, will stand at the farm nf Mr Stephe n N'nrthborough (Ms.) at 4120 'he s--as. s are laki n awav See Ni , Another melancholy instance of the erils arising r,.,^j, j-^p_,ier is published every Friday, at $2.50 pf from our niilitary farces. ' annum, if paid in adrancc. NEW ENOLAND FARRIER. I*uhli5hed by John B. Kusseli. at No. 52 JNorth Alyrkut dtreet. (over the A>irictilturiil VViirehoiisc.) Thomas G. rEssEWDEN, Editor. VOL. V. FOR THE NEW ENGI.A.ND EAKMER. IMPROVED SHORT HORNS versus ' A'ATIVi;" CATTLE. . WIU'CT OF .'iX IMPROVED DURHAM', WORT noRX coir, EqU.lL TO acVi ^OU.VDS OF BUTTER, .^XD .} nARREL\ ■IXD A lULF OF MILK PER WERE. [ BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1827. No. 47. ORIGIAAL PAPERS. which wore not dry, lisd been, ani are yet upon disttmt mrado'.vs, cxcoptiog Bcliaa and anotlior, whose niillc supplied her calf, a mont'i old, run- ning; at her side, and the family, during; the time mentioned ; which milk was always sent immedi- atclv intoto;vn from the field. THOMAS MORRISON, his O mark. Afrirmed before m? this first d.iy of June, ill the }"oar of o- r l.orJ one thousand eifht hundred anJuvor.lv seven. GEOllCK C.LENTNER. lATlIA.N RoBEHTS, Esq sident of Ike Penn. ^O-^ric. Socicl^, Philadtlphia County, Junt 1, 1837. !)f.ar Sir — My residence, as you know, joins wclton. My intimacy with Mr Powcl, and the ercst I take in his agricultural pursuits, partic- rly in the breeding of Hvc-stock, have made ■ fau.iliar v.iih the details of his farm, and the Philaddfl.ui Cotii;'^ ss. - Personally appear-' ^cfore me the subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace in and for the county aforesaid, Sarah Sterlinn-, who being duly afiirmed according to Law deposeth and saith : — That slie received from Thomas Morrison, Be- lina's milk from Thursday mnrnins; the ttventy- fourlh inst. until Saturday evening following ; thai na^ement of his cattle. I enclose certificates, it was merely strained, and put into common milk hcnticated by Geor.'e C. Lentner, Esquiie, jwing that an improved Durham Short Ilbru w, called Belina, but four years old, produced Ik between Thursday morning the 24th May, il Saturday evening the. 26th, i. e. in three ddys, an which eight pounds A^•D thiiitee.v duncks BUTTER WERE OETAIKED BT THE USUAL pko- iS, EQt'AI. TO TWENTY AKD AN HALF POOIIDS R IVr.EK. \ This cov.- has had no other food than slop ofin.* n meal, clover and orchard grass ; has yieldecT icaledly by measuremest, (and so far as can ascertained by the appearance of the bucket nlinues to yield.) twentv-six quarts within E TWENTY -FOUR HOURS. I Carefully superin- idcd the trial recorded, and sufficiently kr.ow the ■ties employed in the operation, to believe their temeiits, independently of the ocular dcmon- ation which I have had. am dear sir, Most faithfully yours, JOHN P. MILNOR. Recording Secretary. tVidih between Belina's fore teats 12 inches, th of fore teats - - 4Jl " '5,0-jnd the udder lengthwise 30 " Xound do. breadthwise - 37^ " AVidth of udder at the bottom ]3-?j " Heij-ht of Belina only 4 feet 5 " Belina is not red, her offspring and her family ? (Tcnerally white. PhUiuIelphia County, ss. Personally appeared before me the subscriijf r. e of the Justices of the Peace in and for the nty aforesaid. Thomas Morrison, who toiui: ly afSrmed according to law, deposeth and th : — That he has been employed as foldman at Pow- on for nearly nine years; that he has itiilkei! e cow called Belina since she was imported in 25 ; that ho has never seen nor heard of any traordinary manao^enient, either of this or of y other co\y, nor of tlie milk upon the Pou • ton farm, that all the Uvilk iriven by Belina from hirsday morning the 'iith insl. until Sitturdn;i tningfoUotein::. was dra^vn and kept aepariitely: at no mistake could be made, as all the cows pans in tlie Spring House, fro;;i which every drop of milk had been previously removed ; that there could be no mistake, as the key of the spring house door was kept by her, and no person was allowed to enter, excepting with her ; that sever- al persons on the farm daily counted the milk pans, and noticed all that was done. SARAH STERLING, her -]- mark. Affirmed before me this thirty-first day of May, 3ifYhe Year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and twenty-seven. GEORGE C. LENTNER. P1,„ lu. r 1 ■ , keeping them clean, that is. takinsr away the at- inent, prevents the litter from drying: always wet, L c ,<\ . n i ■ i-^ j ;f ,„.„»„.,n„ i,„ .„ „„j .1. 11 u ■ ter very frequently, to prevent all humidity and It piesently heats, and the silk-worms being no , cr » '•■ <• .i i-,. u ^ .u t/^r^rro,. .1,,- !,„„;„ v.. ^ ■ >!. ■ ■ • , danger ot fermentation of the Utter, he, for the longer dry, begin by losing their vivacity, and c ■ , . .l \ i „„,i K„ „ ^;,f.,„t„ „f .!,„;■ „;..?... i_ ,'., space of eighteen years together, went on, by this lucrative branch of commerce, was at the ut- and scalded in copper. My whiskey and water most oains, for several years together, to examine i (n" salt having been used or heat employed, into the management of those employed in this : no«' excellent vinegar for the table, arlii-le through a great part of Languedoc. Sus- pecting that the want of success in the present! management might proceed from want of cleanli- ness, and want of fresh air, he began by small ex- 1 periments, which but they more confirmed him in that suspicion. With a constant attention i^nd by a distaste of their victuals, even when the best chosen space ot eighteen ye little and little, giving by hvays a larger degree of 'jf„T,pt;.,,»o fi,., ;„„„„.„ ,„„ii J-. J , fresh air in every new experiment, till at last he sometimes tlie insects, well-conditioned and L , .. ., r. .i. j A ■ ■ Ifrn.r,,.. i-.,^„„„ ' .„ii .u •, , • fouud, that after the second age the insect was igorous. Keep up against all these evils during , , . . i, i ■ .■. ■ w tlir tliif/i ..n-p n„,i r„„„t;„,„„ „.. . ..^ hardy enough to be reared in the open air alto- 'j\r iniru age, and sometimes even get over the i ■" ° '^ We have observed several orchards in this vi- cinity, within a few days, which are almost entire- ly stripped of their green loaves, by tlie caterpil- lar or canker worm. Is there no bird to help man to get rid of these creatures ? An emigrant English family, consisting of the parents and eleven children, tlie eldest aged IG years, and the youngest 10 months, ail in good health, and well clad, passed through Wall .street, yesterday morninjf, and attracted much attention. They landed from the ship Thomas Dickason, from Liverpool, and are to proceed to Ohio. JVeiB York pa. 1^,. Vol. V — No. 47 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. CA^,l^■nii.l^iL■ EXKRCISBS. '^ t is an odnnttod pliysiological fact, that iaipcr- . tions in the t'emale form havp their origin for most part in defective or irregular muscular '' ion. Tlic muscular e.\ercisL>s recommended ler the above title are such as are calculated cure deformities of the figure, whilst they tend 371 Ronfinir Public Roads.— A writer in the London 'his capsized vessel, and both were nresentli; rjrua recommends tlinf nnlillr. ,.n»,i., „i i.i i._M;r,,.Q.4 i.„ „ i i. .. . , ' " Argus recommends that public roads should bo covered witli roofs from town to town, similar to rope- walks. He says " It will be necessary to use cedar or locust posts, or .stone pillar.i, every fifteen to twenty feet on each side of the road ; on the.se put your plates and rafters, and cover th . .... .1 . J -(...^j^u. i^.,i.,io aim laiii-rs, an J i^ew Astitorcl, Hancock and Lanesborouo-h, in al .y ration of a prisoner is a pound and a hallot „f,,,h;/.i, ,>i.,-.„„ *i,„„ 1- j •, ., ', ' , v. ^ r. .• i, or wnioli places they have done considerable mis- ad, some economica soup Count Rumtor 's, ehief. In the three last mentioned towns, they an unlimited quantity of water. This dot, i,^^^ j^jUgj ^^^^ ^^an 400 sheen : nnd in T .nnJ. withstanding all the fancies of philosophical pie, is not good enough to preserve the hurrian y in a state of health, dyen among the French, uniformity, and the absence of animal food, considered by M. Villerme to be its chief sets. To this cause, added to the previous its and privations of those confined, rather than he insalubrity of the prisons themselves, he as- les their great mortality ; which, before 18U', ? equal to one in twenty-three, but has since n reduced, in Paris, as well as in the provin- 1 prisons, chiefly by the attentions of the Royal iety of Prisons, to one in thirty-three. ir the depot de mendicite of Saint Deniis i more than 400 sheep ; and in Lanes- borough alone, nearly .300. Billings' Liverpool Advertiser of 1st May says, we believe there never was a period when the number of persons emigrating from this port [Liv- erpool] to th« Ui.ited States, and to Canada, was so great as at this time. w3 Faux Pas. — A day or two ago, as one of the steam-boats belonging to the Philadelphia line was approaching her birth at the wharf, a passenger, whose jolly red face bespoke the shrine at which he worships, and whose want of equilibrium indi- cated a recent and strong libation, tottered to- ucod in the calculation, the mortality must yet I wards the gangway, which is necessarily unguard- staled at one in fifteen ; it was equal to one in ed at such moments, and stepped directly over hcved by a large boat that made its appearance. 1 he only effect of his drenching was to bring bin, to his sober senses ; and thus a scene, which, had It terminated fatally, would have been painfully serious, and would have added another chapter to the dark doings of intemperance, was regarded as altogether comic and ludicrous— A^. Y. Statesman. ^l^ncultural Report for May, 1827 The wire- worm is committing great devastation on wheal and oats, especially on rich and well prepared soils. Indeed, soma farmers are talking of plough- ing their fields, and sowing them over again.— From the abundant moisture, the crop of hay promises to be good ; the quantity of land, how- ever, in grass, is much less than usual, the great- e.st part of the new meadows having been plough- ed up last fiill and this spring, in consequence''of the grass seeds net taking well last year. Our pastures have improved greatly of late, so that in H short time we expect to see cattle in a good condition, and the produce of the dairy increase accordingly. — Montreal pa. New Harmony. — The last New Harmony Ga- zette contains the address of Robert Owen, the proprietor of that community, previous to his leav- ing the place for Europe. He enumerates the dif ficnities he has e.xperienced in carrying his pro ject into effect, and the causes of its failure. He has sold a part, and leased out the remainder of his property at New Harmony to communities on a small scale, and thinks that on this plan hi.s hopes of success will in some measure bo realized. He recommends to those he leaves bejiind him, in- dustry, economy, perseverance, and kindness to one another, and hopes to meet them again under more favorable auspices. Ive before the year 1819, when the above ty was established. So that M. Villerme is icst justified in saying that prisoners will live die, just as v.'e choose. — Biblioth. Med. ^he melioration in the state of the prisons of ance has been very gradual. An elc qucnt ser- in, preached by the Abbe Gros de Besplot, drew I attention of Louis XV. to the subject. His levolent successor instituted the most imper- il plan of classification of the prisoners. In Jl further improvements took place ; and Louis nil. during his short reign, established the yal Society of Prisons. One of the most ben board. This was an unlucky predicament under the circumstances, because swimming, even tiio' our gentleman were at any other time well skill- ed in that important art, was wholly out of the question. The boat was stopped, and a dozen ex- pedients for getting the poor fellow out of his cold bath were simultaneously susgested and reject- ed. Meantime he was bobbing from top to bottom in perfect helplessness, and gulping down brine by thf quart. Though every body seemed anxious to save him. yet, nobody seemed willing to suffer a ducking in the operation. Some reached out sticks and others threw ropes for him to sie7e," ;ia! measures was the introduction of labor | buthe was unable to succeed in catchinsr them the prisoners. Independent of the moral I Another clawed him at the coat pocket with the ects of this arrangement, it is stated, that at j hooked handle of an umbrella, but a somerset un- ;tz the mortiilily within the prison was dimin- der water pulled the parapZuie from the owner's icd one half by it — Loudon Med. Repository. A considerable number of orders for fresh sal- m have been sent to iVIaine by the Steaii; Boat. A term deriveil from two Greek words, signi- ng beauty and strength. hand, and the man sunk affain. At last a little boy came up to the spot with a liwiit wherry and drew him up ; but ju.st as he was enterin? the frail bark. Iiis hulk over.^et it, and be wis thrown, in company with the lad. into the element acain To preserve Currants — Gather currants when green, separate them from stonis, and put them in junk bottles ; cork the bottles closely, and place them in a cool part of the cellar. — Currants may be kept fresh and green in this manner 19 months or more, and will make e.xcellent pies in the win. ter and spring ; so say some of our friends whr. have tried the experiment several times. Hamp. Gazette. To preserve Houses from Vermin Bugs in par ticular, may readily be destroyed by dissolving half a drachm ef corrosive sublimate in a quarter of an ounce of spirits of salts, mixing it with one quart of spirits of turpentine. Shake these well together, dip a brush in it, and wash those places where the bugs arc supposed to resort. To preserve Milk. — .\ spoonful of horse radish put into a pan of milk, it is said, will preserve it sweet for several days. E.xperimente are making in Alabama, Florida, &.C. to introduce the cultivation of the Olive. — Now that much more oil than usual is required, and the price is extremely high, seems an excel- lent time to press this cultivation with a prospect of a handsome reward. The brisk tiade between the interior of New York and Canada will cause a most intimate con- nection, produce a mutual dependence for various supplies, open numerous new channels which viill The young fellow soon mounted on the bottom of hereafter always be more or less used, and accel- i erate the rapid growth of the countries. :372 NEW Ei\ GLAND FARMEK. J Line 1^, Ic grass is cut ill the proper seaeou for making tii^ : dren. No sleigh-rides, no driinken-l)oi.its, no k f'"',y. best hay and tlic most of it. It is not mown so : ing of liorses, no dancing all night to gratif- taste for frolickintf and fashionable amu early as to be what some people call wishy-washy, | vils nor allowed to stand so late as to lose all its sweet ments. Nevertheless, Willy Snug is no nigga and nourishing juice, and drop off its seed and | There is not a more bountiful table than his in I blades in handling, leaving nothing for the poor parish ; and we are informed by those who ha ijj'"'"'' horses and catllo bnt the bare, sear, good-for- , slept at bis house, that softer beds than his nei nothing stalk. And when the grass is cut, the , invited to sweet slunibc-rs and happy dreams. and so well fenced, that in a tolerable season it cannot help rendering a good account of itself at the time of harvest. Willy Snug knows as well as any other man the value of manure Of course. boys are amongst it with their ralics &. pitciifoiks, j Cut, speaking of these things, rominda us iY and keep it ii:oving as long as the sun shines, and i no little credit is duo to Willy's wife. And i until it is proper y cured and fitted for tlie mow, dcrd our description of a good farmer would \Ji 00 jpriicti THE GOOD FARMER. Willy Snug, or Snug Willy, as he is somolimos v-.alled, is a good farmer. I do not mean by this that he cultivates a vast deal of land ; but what he undertakes to cultivate, he manages in the best manner, and reaps more profit from his sin .11 farm, than others do from their large ones. It is not those who plant and sow the most, who gather in the most abundant harvest. Willy Snug has no unprofitable land on his farm. Every rod is required to produce ils duo propor- tion of the yearly crops. Nor is this unroiisonable, I where it may be seen the ne.xt spring as bright |-incomplete without naming " his better half" for the ground is so well manured, so well tilled, and sweet as when first stowed aivay. Willy i the same account ; for one can no more be a go Snug is equally careful in the preservation of bis l farmer with a good-for-nothing v^'ife, than lai : grain, and usually gets si.t-pence more for every the ocean dry with a si i bushel he sells than his neighbors, by reason of known among all her neighbors for making ti jje his judicious management. As for hay, he avers very best of butter and choose; and as for ciiM (jstii'' he suffers none to be lost, nor indeed any thing that he can rarely aflbrd to sell it, for with ever^ ing a dish of meat, making a batch of bread, ai out of which manure may bo made. Vou do not load of hay, he is obliged to part with a load or I preparing a fine cup of coflce, her superior toQ, year after year in more of manure, and thus far is impoveri-jliing his , not easily be found. Her farm tll'ltllH iilll* ||!!I.-T« .see large heaps of dung lyin his barn yard, for want of carrying out. He is not afraid of soiling his fingers with the dung-carl, well knowing that no man can keep his liands cleaner of debts, lawsuits, shorilfs, and the jail. He has a sort of hollow scooped out, ueav his barn, which he calls ''the cafc7(-aH,"and into which, straw, weeds, ashes, the refuse of the wood-pile, the cellar, and the kitchen, and whatever else may be converted into manure, arc constantly thrown. The consequence is, that ho carries oat of this place yearly several loads of e.'ccellent manure, and brings back in return a number of bushels of as good, sound corn as ever a granary was filled withal. Willy Snug is a mortal enemy to bad til-' lago. His soil is always ploughed in the vary best manner, well«harro\ved, and made mellow for the ?eed. Notwithstanding the well krtown saying, that " more corn grows in croohcd rows than in straight ones," his rows are planted as straight as an arrow, so that in ploughing between them he is not obliged to tack every rod or two, like a ves- sel sailing with a head wind. And as he is par ticular in the preparation of the soil, and planting the seed, so he docs not stand with his hands in his pockets after planting. His hoes of which he !ias the best kind, are bright and, as it v.'eie, pol- ished with labour. Not a weed is allowed to .'laim a right to his fields by long possession. In (act, he ejects them (as the lawyers say) by a sum- mary process. In the time of a cirouglit, he does not keep tuning his eyes to the clouds wiih 'i lack- ulaisal countenance, and exclaiming, '• there will 'le no corn this year!" while his fields are baking 'o death for want of ploughinn- and hoeing. He is ■onstantly on his feet, stirring the ground, and keeping its bosom open to the dews and whatever moisture may bo gained from the atmosphere, or from the earth beneath. And while the corn of "use, her furniture, hi (, to Berkshire Ai^erican. siitip (the SI Ei'ilGRA'riON. ''"^° .'\ letter was received on Tuesday from Lot "f Iliiinilton, stating that Government intended advance as much public funds as would take oi to Upper Canada, CtMIO emigrants from Scotlai 6CC0 from Ireland, and 4000 from England. Th to be e.iclueivoly weavers, the number of pel tu.^i sons in Scotland who petitioned to be taken t Canada, is stated at 18000. — Clasgow pa his neighbor Look-on is drooping its head rolling to the rain.' And when these maHers are dis ,ts blades with thirst, that of Willy Snuo- is green and flourishing and finally yields a reasonable if not abundant harvest Willy Snug is well aware of the effect of mois- ture in producing plentiful crops. Of course, wherever the water can be turned by raising a small dam and digging a channel, it is done, and the refreshing element spread in gentle and al- most invisible rills over the surface of his mea- dows ; which are always to be seen smiling an^ verdant. nnA nnnimll,. t..^r^o,.;„™ *i._ _.__ m I children, every thing is in order. And yet, w liatlif In regard to buildings and fences, Willy .Snug jaro credibly informed, she never scolds, not eve jllemii is emphatically what his name implio.''. Every on a washing day ! In short, J.Iargaret Snug is ti iJoiis thing is snug about them. His buildings are nev- i same within doors that Willy Snug is wilho( cr to be seen, like those of his neighbor Lookon, and " tliey twain," in all the duties, cliarilics, an glazed with old hats, and painted by the hands of i comforts. of life, arc emphatically " one flesh." time and the weather. On the contrary, every window has ils due proportion of glass, and every inch of wood-work its appropriate covering of oil and paint. The stone walls are well built and in good condition ; not a pannel, or any part of one, is wanting in his rail fences; and the posts in- stead of standing every way like a company of raililia, are set in so straight a lino that you might take sight over the tops of a hundred of Iheni as well as on the barrel of a rifle. There are no briars, no bushes, no thistles, no tall unsightly - weeds growing beside the fences ; but all is smooth, neat, and productive as the rest of the en- closure. John Wesley used to say that farmers were the most discontented race of beings in the world ; that they were never satisfied either with God or man. If this account be true, Willy Snug is cer- tainly an exception. He takes the seasons as they come, discharges his own duty, and leaves the rest to Heaven. He is not always complain- ing of the weather, as being too hot or too cold, too wet or too dry, and taking occasion from this dissatisfaction to neglect his business. He has no horribly dull days, no time in which he cannot work. He is not seen of a rainy afternoon loiter- ing at tlie tavern, or going away two or three miles with a fish pole en his shoulder. He always finds something to do at home. An axe is to bo ground, a rake to be mended, seeds to be prepar- ed for planting, and a thousand other thinifs to be ttended to, which can be done without exposure cliarged, there is another, which Willy Snug is careful not to neglect, viz. reading the newspa- per. In fact, he affirms it to be an infallible rem- edy for the " blues," and worth all the whiskey, rum and brandy in neighbor signpost's bar. The same ijidustry, the same good manage- ment, and the same cheerful humour attend upon Willy Snug throughout the year. He does not throw away in winter the hard earned and prec- ious products of liis summer's labor. His time is nfrnu 7 ='"""«">' ■■«P=iy'"? tl'e sm.all expense 1 spent in feeding and taking care of his stock, lav- ot culuvation in double and triple crops of excel-; ,ng in a year's supply of wood, and, during the 'IvLi , ^""'" '" "''' '"^'^"'-^ "f "=^t"f « tli'-own J long winter evenrngs,' in improving his own-mind -way in haying time by bad management. Thef! bv reading, and improving the minds of his cliil- Milk Diet. — An English writer, in a treatise milk, states in his recommendation of milk as article of diet, that the town of Kendall in En^ land, where more milk is used in proportion to tl^i number of inhabitants, than in any other town ii England, furnishes more instances of longevii and fewer deaths among cliildrcn than any otbi town. To die Cotton a Buff Cntor.—Lct the twirl (^ yarn be boiled in pure water, to cleanse it ; the wring it, run it through a dilute solution of iro in the vegetable acid, which painters call iron i quor ; wring and run it through lime water, raise it: wring it again, and run it through a sd lulion of starch and water ; then wring it ono more, and dry, wind, warp, and >veave it for us| To take out Grease Sjiutsfrom a Carpet, or ant other ivootlm Clnth Dissolve a piece of pearlash of the size of a pea, in half a leu cup of warm wa ter, or a piece twice the si.:e, in a full tea cup.- Pour some of the solution on a grease spot, anJ continue to rub it with a clean brush or woolleri cloth, until it is nearly dry. and your carpet o^ garment will be clean as ever. The " Banksian Modal" of the London Horti-' cultural society has been awarded to a gentleman; of Albany, for a barrel of American apples em- bracing twenty varieties, forwarded to the Socie- ty l«st winter. St.. Giles's Church, in London, has now an illu-- minated dial : the clock, by its own revolution, lights itself as soon as the sun sets, and extin- guishes the same when the sun rises. Wi,[. V — X... 47. iNKW ENGLAIVIi FARMER. 378 iassog- jr; .rAi"M are deficient in strength and du- : I\ one should be worked bv fewer than 4 horses or oxen.— The regularity of tho ^^ «'"'" I-e^th"- Gloves to resemble the York ement of oxen has been f.-und^much superior ^'"'' •^""''"<"* dve, ifc—The different pleasing iat of horses ; and the strength of the ma- i '""'^ °^ yellow, brown or tan colour, are readily e in all its parts [shoul:! be) proportioned to I ''"P'*''*'''' *" 'ei'her gloves by th? following sim- of the team. Up.on this plan, the cxper=n JP'" P'""'"'^'''""'^'^*'!' saffron in boiling hot soft lot 'ue less than £K;0; and it is much better to P^^'^'' '"°'" "''""* twelve hours; then, havinjr ct £200.-1 have thrashed two crops bv ' '^''"*'''y sewed up the tops of the gloves, to pre- eahlc viachines, p-iyinL' Is. 2d. per quarter for ^'^"^ '^° '^y'^ ^''"'^ staining the insides, wet them at, for the mere ^liresliing ; biit it ansn-erod ''^^'" ^^'^'^ ^ sponge or soft brush dipped into the ely in cleanness i»fwork and in the nreven- the grand lino between Quebec and the noble summit level of- Lake Superior. This famous ca- nal v.'ill be finished iu a fov/ years as far as the summit level. Steam boats may go up smack from Quebec to lake Superior ere ."•! years of lime be run ; from thence with lit'lc trouble, they will pass through the notch of the Ru.:';y mountains and bo lucked down the Columbia to liie Paciiic ocean. The route however will be better to be kept off the American frontier, which is Columbia, and to go down Cooko's river, or the large Salmon river at A'oolka Sound. The town of JVoolka ni.ny like ly yet be as largo as London, and ought to bo laid out on an extcfllsive plan, as the trade between it and the oriental world will become wonderful, in a short time. Then when the Steam Packet line is established between Quebec and London, as it soon will be, we may come and go between China and Britain in about two moiiths. The names of the Stages will be London, Cove or Cork, the A/ores, Newfoundland, Quebec, Montreal, Kings- ton, Port Dalbousie, Port Maitland, Erie, Huron, Superior. Rocky Pvlonntains, Athabaska, Nootka and Canton. Can this be called a foolish prophe- cy or an idle dream ?■ — by no means. It is per- fectly practicable. [Novasrotian.] In the month of March last, " the price of FIny, in the county of Worcester (Eng.) was from cia-ht guineas and a half, to nine guineas a ton !" FEED SWINE WITH SWAMP BRAKES. One of our correspondents in an artich- publish- ed in the first volume of the New England Farm- er, says, " I go to a swamp once in tliree or four days, and gather a quantity of brake ■, and deposit them in my cellar in order to kcjp them in a green state. Once in a day I give as many cf them to my hogs as I think they wall devour. " My method of gathering them is to pull them up, being careful to get the heart or pith, which grows in the centie at the bottom. This kind of brakes frequently grows in meadows, and seme- times on hard land among grass, and if pulled in June (taking care to get the heart or pith) they rarely if ever grow again," PICKING err roTATou blossoms &c. The Farmer's Magazine, a British publication contains the Allowing : " Having long entertain-' d an idea that the foimation of apples upon po- tatoes was detrimental to the crop, by drawing away ;• large and valuable part of the nourish"- ment from the roots, I this year made an experi- ment which I think goes a great way to solve the question. Having planted some of different kinds, I had the flowers carefully picked from several of the drills as soon as they appeared, leaving, between every drill so picked, a drill v.-ith the flowers untouched. In some cases I allowed the flowers to expand and even to make some pro- gress towards sotting, in others, I suflfered the apples to form, and pulled them ofi' when they were half grown. In the drills were the flowers were gathered as soon as they appeared, the crop was doubled to what it was where the apples were allowed to come to maturity ; where the flowers were allowed to waste themselves the crop was less abiinilant, and where the apples liad made some progress it was still less though greatly better than where they had been left untouched In short, from the time of the flowers appearing, and as long as the leaves continued green and the stems growing, there appeared an advantage from gathering both the flowers and apples grad'u- ally, diminishing however as they approach the ultimate period of their growth. I remarked also that the stems of the potatoes in the drills, where the flowers had been picked ofl^, continued greea and vigorous much longer than where they were suffered to grow, and also where the apples were athered at an early period. I, at the same time. i; "J Tti *•* c jy 11 c ■ j^.....^.^... .iv till ,rwiiy ufiiuu. 1, ii L tuu suiue lime. liquid. The quantity of saflcon as well as of iwa- L,„j„ . • i . xu a- ^ =a uc wujc, ^ * -^ a 1 made trials as to the effects of cutting the haulm. 374 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 15. 182/ at difl'erent stages of its growth, all of which I found ruinous, the deficiency of the crop being in exact proportion with the earliness of the cutting, with this addition, that the potatoes were ill ri- pened and of a veiy bad quality. Loudon's Gardener's Magazine says " Wc are sorry to observe that practice of pinching off po- tatoe blossoms is not generally adopted, as the produce would thereby bo materially increased. (Salisbury Journal, Sep. 2,) A correspondent has fonnd from experience that the crop is not only increased, but mnch better in qunlity, and wishes us to direct the attention of our readers lo the practice, which we hereby do, fully convinced of its importance." WEEDING. Although it is not customary in this country to weed wheat and other broad cast crops, there are great adrantages resulting from the practice. Sir John Sinclair gives tlie results of various experi- ments which were tried for the purpose of ascer- taining what degree of positive advantage was de- rived from weeding wheat, &,c. by which it ap- peared that the gain in wheat in consequence of weeding was ono fourth of the whole produce, amounting to 4J bushels per acre ; in barley, (the field being infested with charlock) 15 bushels per acre, more than half the whole produce, and in oats about 10 bushels to the acre, the whole pre- duce being .37 bushels. In some situations, soils and circumstances it might bo well worth the ex- pense and trouble to weed fields of giain in this country. But if this is undertaken it should by all means be performed before the plants begin to send out their ears. And if the hoe is not used U will at least be highly expedient to puU out by hand, the rye, cockle, darnel, tliistles, &,c. before they shed their seeds. " Weeding flax," (says Mr Pomeroy in his Es- say on Flax Hushandry, is considered in Europe, and by good husbandmen in this country as ne- cessary to secure a good crop of flax, which is a very tender plant wlien young, and more easily checked in its progress by weeds than any otlier. It is not supposed to be injured by the clover and grass sown with it ; on the contrary the Flemish farmers think them beneficial, by protecting the tender roots from drought, and keeping the weeds under. It should be carefuily v/eeded when the plants are three or four inches high ; they are not then injured by the labourer going barefoot over them. It is not always the case, however, that flax needs weeding. Land which has recent- ly been cleared from its original growth of wood, or broken up from sward, will, generally, produce broad-cast ctops, wliicli require no wcedintr. Many vegetable productions which are styled weeds, such as purslane, pigweed, &c. &c. make good food for swine, and should bo gathered in baskets during the process of weeding and given to those animals. If weeds have ariivcd at such maturity that their seeds would vegetate, if they have a chance it will be best to burn them with fire or quick lime, or to bury them in a compost heap, where the germinating principle may be destroyed by fermenUition^ Sometimes it may be found e.\pedient to bury weeds near the spots where they grow, in trenches between the rows of plants. It has been recommended to rake ■weeds in heaps, scatter a little quick lime over them, and cover the whole with a coating of earth. ON THE DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE WHICH 5IAT BE OBTAINED BY PRACTICAL KKN. The terms knowledge and ignorance are relative. Had the veriest smatterer in chemistry lived in the days of Doctor Faustus or Friar Bacon, and exhibited tlie most common experiments of a mod- ern laboratory, he would have been burned for an adept in the black art, or tortured to death by in- fallible inquisito s for dealing with the devil. It is impossible to foresee or correctly appreciate the efl^octs and the value of the increased and still in creasing dominion which mind illuminated by sci ence may give to man over nature. Every step paves the way and facilitates the progress to far ther advances. The farther we proceed in the path of improvement the smoother it becomes, and the advantages which result from the course be- come more numerous, more apparent, and more splendid. The improvomonts which have exalted man in the scale of creation to a degree, of which his I earlier predecessors could form no conception, j have been, and shoujd be, by no means confined to ' those whose lives are devoted to intellectual pur- suits. '• It is impossible (says Mr Loudon) to set limits to the knowledge which may be obtained by those who are destined even to the most severe and constant labour. Tlie intelligence of the mi- ners in Scotland and Sweden may be referred to as proofs. The miners at Leadhills Jiavs n regu- lar library and reading society ; and the works they make choice of are not only histories, voya- ges and travels, &c. but even works of taste, such as the British Classics, and the best novels and romances. The degree to which knowledge \v\\\ prevail among any class of laboring men, will de- pend jointly on their own ambition ; on the de- mand f(,r, or reputation in which knowledge is held ; and on the opportunities for ncquirin-T it. A dull, stupid person, with little native activity, will never desire to know more than what enables him to supply the ordinary wants of life. Where the workmen of any art are required to have a technical knowledge of any particular kind, they will be found invariably to possess it. Thus car- penters and masons require some knowledge of the mechanical principles of architecture, and working engineers of the strength of materials ; and these kinds of knowledge are acquired by them without an hour's interruption of their daily labour: on the contrary the ha])it of evening study renders them more steady, sober and indu.3- trious than other workmen. If every cook-maid before she could obtain a first rate place were re- ' qnired to read ..Ipicius Redivivus in the origin::l tongue, there would be no want of learned cooks: and if no gardener could obtain a first rate situa- tion who had not written a Thesis in Greek, or who had not made the tour of Europe, there would not be wanting abundance of gardeuers so qualifi- ed. A Caledonian, when he comes to the Inn country, soon acquires the English tongue, and if he has been taught Latin, thus knowslhrce lan- guages. The servants at the inns on some pa its of the Continent, frequented by different nations, often acquire a moderute knowledge of throe or four languages ; and the bar-maid, at the hotel at which we lorlged in Moskwa, in 1814, could make herself intelligible in Swedish, Russian, Po- lish, German, French, Italian, and English."' A Canal from Adams, in Berkshire Counlv, Msi to Troy or Stillwater, N. Y. is proposed. J uitjtioi ijiij Ik' )!a« It" itclii* llflM" i(if,aw firinef ioltkitl litis, s" II nilkpi SlWll! I|kite 1 RING WOKIM. A friend wishes to know, through the Now K land Farmer, if any effectual remedy is kna for the Ring li'orm, with which, we are in'brc by a respectable physician, more persons tl usual are troubled this season. The two lollow recipes are given by Dr. Willich. Printers' 1 and the frequent application of soft soap, we hi likewise heard recommended. RING woR.M, OR TKTTER, [Htrpes miiiaris.) eruption on the face, which consists of numen small pustules, that rise closely in contact w each other; appearing generally in a circn form, and beina- attended with painful itching. These pustules never suppurate, and cannot, easily cured ; often breaking eut at certain ^ iods of the year, even after they have been i parently removed. The usual application, in t) afi'ection, is the common black or writing ink ;\ frequent friction, or embrocation of the erupti_,,„„. with mushroom catsup, has sometimes been atteni iimlo ed with success. The following preparation hi tii pli likewise been recommended; though we hsi iliw i had no experience of its sffects : Take the roa Mtkii of wild or garden sorrel ; let them be washed pa ite(« fcctly clean, bruised in a stone mortar, and steel ,eoi«c ed in strong white- wine vineg.ar, for two or tbM days. At the end of that time, the liquor will \ fitfor use, and the ring-worm should be rubl(( M^ with it three or four times in the course of tr '""'' day, and every night, previously to rciiriug to rei if the roots being left in the vinegar as long as ai of this liquid remains. ' " Rub the part effected, with the expressed j. of the back walnut rind ; or with the juice fo_ at the bottom of the tubs in which tobacco is kei cr with a strong decoction of tobacco: or with fresh leaves of gimson, (Datura stramonium)\ with vinegar and gunpowder : or cover it with ill siminered with white lead ointment, (white let—,— rubbed into hogs' lard,) of with the mercurial cii ilora ron ointment, (nitrate of mercury rubbed up will i «ki hogs' lard.) All these have been tried and propi^ ed, but the disorder is frequently inveterate. « VVEEVII,. The Society of Meaux in France has invited those who think proper to make use of the folio, ing very simple method of preserving grain frdi weevils, and other insects, to communicate the suit ot those trials Soak clotns, made of flax, in water, wring th and cover your heaps of grain with them : in t hours time you will find all the weevils upon tW cioth, wliich must be carefully gathered up, thi none of the insects may escape, and then immei ed in water to destroy them. It has been stated that bread may be preservi at sea, and in other situations in which it is liabl to be injured or consumed by weevils by inclosiffl it in bags, which had been previously soaked inl pretty strong solution of salt petre. Intirnal Improvmient — A resolve has juslpasS ed the Hou.e of Representatives, of Alassachl setts appropriating IU,M{) dollars, for the survdf of a route lor a railway, froi, Boston to Huds3 river, by a vote of \m to 4V. 'I'he unanimity witf w/iiuh this liberal appropiiation is made, is grat^ lyiiig to the friends of internal improvement, i petition has been presented ior incorporating company toi a canal Iroui Adams down the Uooa, ac river to New York line — Joseph Sewiil, Esq li»s been chosen Treasurer ami Receiver Genera of the State. jyusscs. E. WIGHT, Milk strcft, has just received, a coni- plcle ass»rtmtnt of !>)■. //i of your readers may have been as negligent 1 that vicinity present the usual indication of this | very many of the most celebrated Sure-cow and Pliv- lyself, and may perhaps think it too ONpensive, destroyer, the appearance of having been soared | ""anf in the United States— They have also received Mild recommend the following plan, whici) with fire. Peachtrees, Dotwithstanding the fears '""' '''''""''''^^''PP"''^"^''"' of f^m Asti.ey f;iiopER, of y farmer can resort to. Take a hen with a of ma;iy to the contrary, vvillbear unusually full. I „"'*"'' 'V~ "''/„, "I!''''''''' '""/ "'"^^' ^'''' '^""'■ctPd on ',.,., , r , ■ Lif 1 ■ L II u 1. . <■ .L »i • persons from 40 to 7 years ol aje m»y with safety I ol chickens, and confine her in a coop near 01 cherries wo shall have but few, there not being i be computed at an average of I in 3— And universall incs, and they will in a short time destroy all niany on the trees, and those mostly stung by the ' on children. June 15 l.V No. .17. NEW ENGLAND 1 AKMER. 375 I have practised this for a number of r»;-c!(/i'o. Pears have the anpeamnce of yielding 3 with perfect success. Yours with respect, BENJAMIN Vv'HEELCR. rn!iini;-liam,June 13, 1827. about an average crop. The lew plum trees which we have noticed were generally well laden. The red or mountain plum, however, is destroyed by a disorder to which it has been more or less subject for a few seasons past. Soon after the PRESERVE VINES FROM BUGS, &c. j ilower falls, the fruit distends into a large un- Iphate of Soda, (Ghinber Salts) an ounce dis- jsighlly puff, which'falls to the ground before the din about one quart of water and sprinkled ! nsua! time for the fruit to arrive at maturity. If the plants of vine-^. is recommended as a | any of our readers can point out the cause of this jntivc against destructive insects. The ex- i disease and a remedy for it, we should be happy iient has been receutly tried by one of our | to publish it. Mass. Spy. DERBY'S Improved patent Scythe Rifles,— These rifles are found to be superior to any stones now used for giving a smooth and sharp edge to a good Scythe. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market street. ibors (whose vines were nearly destroyed by I common intruders) with complete success, j [Brunswick Herald.] I(i7i Chunk Railway. — This novel and inter- j work is the " Lion" of the day, and attract- n uncommon number of visitors from all parts I ances from the same office Canal Toll — The Rochester Daily Advertiser says that upwards of .$2C,000 was received at the Collector's office in Rochester from the openino- of canal navigation the present season to the .31st of May, and C36 boats have taken original clear- Gravimatical Chart. Just Published b7J0i^^ MARSH, Nos. 96 & 98 State street, Hurd's Grammatical Chart, or Private lustructer of the English Language. Second edition, ! with Additions and Improvements by the Author. ! 0:5=Committee5 and Teachers of schools are invited 1 to call or send for a copy of this work for examination j PP'stf. ,Iune 15. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening. country. All examine it with amazement, peak of it with delight. Additional cars are ug, and the details of this new system of porlation are perfecting with as iittlo delay ssible. There are, it is said, thirty cars now the road, and the number is to be increased J. As heretofore stated, the cars descend e force of gravity ; one horse takes up three tf cars. In this way each car can be made rforra four trips per day. Cars are prepar- n which the horses are to ride down. And i may credit the account gi-en, one horse has 1 dy been sent down as an experiment, and i le appeared little less delighted with his ride his two legged companipr.s. The greatest , work yet done iias been to send down 7.i ■carrying each a ton and a half; total, one red twelve and a half tons of coal. The time led for descending the whole distance, (nine ) is forty minutes. occurrence took place the other day. A •d car on being brought to the summit of the took French leave, and set off upon the Iward passage alone and at top of its speed. 18 seen upon the road shooting down with in- ble velocity ; and in the lanffuage of the nar- , " In place of the rattlintr noise usually made le descending- cars, it fairly hummed." For- lely the road was clear and the car went , perfectly safe and stopped within a few : of the schute ; but gave evidence by the and dryness of its axles that it had a hard I* is believed it performed the whole jour- n about tpn minutes. — .Mincr^s Jouinal. Rochester — A second Epsicopal ijhurch was es- tabliflicd last w^ok in Rochester upon the east sid^ of {he River, under the name of St. Paul's Cliurch of Rochester. .Viaeralsfrom Mexico — Mr. Poinsett, our Minis- ter at Mexico, has sent to t'.ie Literary end Philo- sophical Society of Charleston llirce cases of min- erals, comprising a collection of beautiful speci- mens, particularly from the mountains and mines of Tla'piijahua. The lead mine in Eaton, N. H. turns out to be nncommonly rich, and, as is believed, inexhausti- ble. It is equal to the best Missouri ore. This with the iron ore in Gunstock Mountain, will no doubt facilitate the completion of the intended canal. In the city of New York, there are 44 fire En- gines in good order ; five Hook and Ladder Trucks; upwards of 11,000 feet of Hose; and 1,348 Firemen. .4 Conscientious Office-holder. — S. Phillips, of Geneva, advertises his ppointment aa Auctioneer, and adds, " having been appointed 2d corporal. no auctioneering can be done on parade days." e diminution of foreign importations is not of diminution of business, but evidence of icrease { ind Foreign Importations must have been i ned by our means of paymor>t. I Tni.-i i^.y receive 1 at the Farmer office, 52 North Market street, — from Scotland, a large variety of fresh Turnip Seed, comprising the following kinds; White flat turnip, } Large Norfolk ' Yellow Scotch garden ' ; White stone ' Late red top turnip, ; Common field ' Long tankard ' ,' Early Dutch ' Yellow stone ; ; Yellow Malta ' Also, three pounds genuine Silver skin Onion. 20 busiiels of MILLET, of a superior quality. 30 lbs. Mangel Wirtzel and Sigar Beet. Sweet or Sugar corn — best for boiling ears. 100 lbs. Lucerne. — Flax seed — Buck Wheat. Yellow Locust seed. White Mulberry do. With every variety of GARDEN SEEDS APPLES, best, aSHES, pot, Ut soil, - - - pearl do. . - - - BEANS, white, - - . . , BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, . . . . skifflmid milt:, - - FLAX FLAX SEED FLOUIl, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, ... Rve, best, - - . GRAIN, Rye Corn - ... Barley - ... Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover - . - . WOOL, Merino, funblood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 fc ;i do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinning, 1st sort PROrmO.N- MARKET. BP'.El', best pieces - - . . PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, ... VEAL, MI'TTCN, POULTRY. - - . - . BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye. rijtail, - - - Indian, do. - POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - ■ 876 NiEW ENGLAND FARMEll. SMCZSCIII.I.A.':^ IBS. LONDON LYRICS. The Lees and the Laivsons. if you can on th^• Lees, north of Bloomsbury square, They welcome you blandly, they proffer a chair, Decorously mild and -well bred : Intent on their music, their books, or their pen, Employment absorbs their attention, and men Seem totally out of their head, iryon call on the Lawsons, in Bloomsbury-place, No fabrick of order you peem to deface, No sober arrangement to break : They lounge on the sofa, their manners are odd, Men drop in at luncheon and give them a nod, Then run to the Sherry and Cake. The house of the Lees has an orderly air, It sets with its brethren of brick in the square, A model from attic to basetuent : The knocker is polish'd, the name is japann'd, The steps, unpolluted, arc sprinkled with sand. White blinds veil the drawing room casement. The house of the Lawsons is leule autre c/iosf, It certainly proffers no air of rep«se. For one of the girls always lingers Athwart the veranda, alert as an ape, To note to her sisters the forthcoming gape, Be it monkeys or Savoyard singers. Whenever the Lees to the theatre stray, The eingers who sing, and the players who play, Attentive, untalkative find 'em ; With sounds to allure them, or sense to allract, They rarely turn round, till the end of the act. To talk with the party behind 'em. The Lawsons are bent on a different thing: Miss Payton may warble. Miss Ayton may sing, To listeners tier above tier: They hted not song, character, pathoior plot, But turn their heads back to converse with a knot Of Dandies who lounge in the rear. In life's onward path it has happen'd to me With many a Lawson, and many a Lee, In parties to mix and to mingle : And somehow, in spite of manoeuvres and plans, I've found that the Lees get united in bans While most of the Lawsons keep single. Coy Hymen is like the black maker of rum — " De more massa call de more I vont cnme," He flies from ihe forward and bold : He gives to the coy what he keeps from the kind, The maiden- who seek and them..idens who find. Are cast in an oppcisite mould. ty. lie hardly has time to carry home this new member of his family, \vl;en in comes witliout knocking (for good breedinc; is out of the ques- tion with these gentry) the man of the Law, and told him the law allowed but one hog, and as he had now two, he should take the f:it one away. — Chagrined, the poor man now saw the length and depth of his creditor's generosity, he told the sheriff his family depended on the hog for a sup- port, and if he would wait in t!>e house a few min- utes he would go and get security ; the sheriff consented, lie went therefore and took the poor pig, cut his throat, and then called out the slieritf and told him the security lay before the door. Pittsfidd Argus Ancient Latin MS. — The learned Angelo Mai who is now employed in exploring the libraries of the kingdom of Naples has discovered an ancient manuscript, which was at first supposed to be a Latin classic, but wliich proves to be a treatise on agriculture. The manuscript itself appears to he of the 5th century. The work, which i< much more ancient, is written in very pure Latin. In it are cited Diophanes, Dioscorides, Julius Atticus, Nicesiys, and Greek authors unknown to our time. Greek. — A ploughman was asked, on a cross- o.xamination, whether he could read Greek ; this appeared to be a new problem lie had never taken the trouble to solve ; therefore, with as much na viete as truth, he replied that he diJ not know— because he had never tried. , Encouragement to Frankness Some years a^o, says Richardson, in h'u anecdotes of paint- ing, a gentleman came to me to invite me to his house : " I have," says he, " a picture of Rubens, and it is a rare good one. There is little II. the other day came to see it, and says it is a copy. If any one says so again, I'll break Ids head. Pray, Mr Richardson, will you do me the favour to come, and give me your real opinion of it." " Sweepers in High Life as well as in Lou:" — A certain poor gentleman not twenty miles from Pittsfield, whose scanty property was proof against the law, owned a hog, wiiich he had taken much pains to I'vX — a certain rich ere litor would fain have satisfied his demand by sending one of those saucy gentlemen, who are always Greeting the Utility of a knowledge of Arithmetic and Book- keeping to a u>oman — From Franklin's IVorks, page 103. " In 1733, 1 sent one of my journeymen to Charleston, South Carolina, where a printer was wanting. I furnished him with a press, and let- ters, on an agreement of partnership, by which I was to receive one third of the profits of the busi- ness, paying one third of the e.xpenses. He was a man of learning, but ignorant in matters of ac- counts, and, though he sometimes made me re- mittances, I could get no account from him, nor any satisfactory state of our partnership, while he lived. " On his decease the business was continued by his widow, who being born and hied in HoILind, where, (as I have been informed,) the knowlcdfre of accounts makes a part of female education, she not only sent me as clear a statement as she could find, of tlie transactions past, but continued to ac- count with the gieatnst regularity ami e.vactness, every quarter afterwarls, and managed the bu-i noss with such success, that she not only respr-i-f poor man, to destroy bis hopes. But the law which leaves the poor man one hog, fo'-bade him. 'V,°' i!" ' "T ' '"""'"""''""'"'"''" 'J' '^"^l' " _ . ,. .. ' .,'''.„ ably brougut up a family of children, but at the So in his exceeOing compassion! he is U at once ■ .■ .• ./ . n » u e . . ,, 7 1 , , ,, , • , , . e.xpiration of the term, was able to purchise of very charitable, and would kill his debtor with ., ■ .• ■ . i . i i i i ■ . , . ■'. , . . . ,, . ,,,, me the printing house, and establish ber son in it. kindness — he gives him a small pig. The poor ■ •■ »i.- «• • i- a c .i i r ,? , ,." .."^I menlion this affair, chii'fiv for the sake of re- man thanks him a tliousand times, and departs i- -i . i u ' r j .- r , . , ■ , , ' . conimendinn' that branch of education for our wonaering at the rniser s unaccustomed eenerosi n t . u c . .u ^ ^ - young women, as likely to be of more use to them ■ June l.j. 182/'. and their children, in casfi of v,iiio-.vliood, t either music or dancing, by preserving them ' loiises by impositions of crafty men, and enab them to continue, perhaps, a profita'ble raercai house, with establislied correspondence, till a grown up to umlertako and go on with i the lasting advantages and enriching of the f: ly."- __ At a meeu,i_ t.i the acting committee of Pennsylvania Society for the promotion of Ma facturosand the Mechanic Arts, it was unanitiK ly recommended to the Delegates appointed to tend the Convention at Harrisburg, to procure bring to the Convention lists 1. Of the number of merino and cominon slji jnHein in each township, and the average quantity of ei (InitPi kind of wool shorn, together with the prices which each kind was sold in 1825 and 1826, those they command at present. 3. The quantity .ind general quality of v, used in families, by each farmer or owner sheep 3. Such facts and data as may be pr,icticall|loliiiC from which a reasonably correct calculation of ture increase of sheep may be formed 4. The number of furnaces and forges, t!ie qu> niw? tily of iron made, and the general state of the i; trade, so highly important to the interest of state of Pennsylvania. 5. The state of manufacturing establishmei generally, the number of persons employed^ them, and their effects on the prices of lands, v of tlie produce of the soil. ||1J,M»' JotoP Iota ■mill itiiliit Win RO.M.AN. 'I bis elegant, lull blooded hnr.«e, a bri bay with black legs, mane and tail, of high spirit fooi! temper, will stand at the farm of .Mr •'^tt-pl Williams in N'.rthborough (Ms.) at $20 'he season he paid before the mares are taken away See P England Fariier, May '2r<. tlitec imtl BEI.LFOU.N'DtCH. 'I bis cel.brale.i horse, . bright Bay, wi!h black hgs standing 15 hands higll celebrated trotter, and a true descendant of the F' aways, will stand at Col. .laques' stable, in Char town, during the season. Charge $20, and itl ,00 groom — see New England Farmer, ,Vay 4, 1K26. J. Sf A. Falcs' Patent Hoes, Constantly for sale by French & Wild. 31 & 32 Sol Market street, sole affents for vending (hi same. Ilsir Allum and Refned Salt Petre. Constantly for sale in lots to suit purchasers by COPF.I.^ND. ir. Xo. G5 Broad Street. Sholt — Balls — Flints — and — Percussion Ca^ of the best qualify at wholesale and retail. Gunpowder for sporting — shipping — or blasting rocks, at the lowi- pric«f, and in suck quantities (wholesale and retail) naay be required. floman Vitriol of a superior quality, for sale as above by the ct'sk i larger quantity. 3m March 35 THF, A!)Mil5'\I-. The Suhscriher inlbrms who are desirous of improving by this fine imperii imal, that he will hek.pt on the larin of.Ioliii \i sq. Horchester, near the Uev. l>r Codmaa's m.c HoiI?e, til' further, notice. Tirois thrfe dollars. •\pplr to A. GRFFNWOOD on said 1^,: lam''Pm <■■ > >i. !hi FaKMFR i^ I.liblis'vd V IV Friiir annum, if paid in advanc J(o Oenllemen who prornn Fiv responsible 9Ub?ci are entitle»l 'o a ,?j.t//i Totume rratis. New subscri! '-rs ran be fnrni bed with the fr ing numbers of the cyrrent volume. VOL. V. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Published by Jdh.n B. Russeli. ut No^Sa fvortli Market atreet,(uver the AgriculturarWiirehouse!)— Thomas G. Pkssehuen, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 22, 1827. No. 48. AGRICULTURE. MASS. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. t tho annual raeetinj of" the Massacliusetts iety for the promotion of Agriculture, held e 13, the following gentlemen were elected ers for the ensuing year : — on. JouN Lowell, President. ieut. Gov. Winthrop, 1st Vice President. on. Israel Tborndike, 9d do. on. Richard Sullivan, Corresponding. Sec'ry. )hn Heard, Esq. Treasurer. orham Parsons, Esq. Recording Secretary. enj. Guild, Esq. Ass't. " ■' John Prince, Esq. "] Hon. P. C. Brooks, \ Hon. John Wells, l^ Trustees E. Kersey Derby, Esq. f Hon. Wm. Proscott, | .Tohn C. Gray, Esq. j ervations on Manuring, Planting, Grafting, Tuning of Trees. Extracted from Bradky's 'realise on Husbandry and Gardening. Ptib- fhed in Great Britain, 1726. may be thought singular, that we should at- fpt to lay before the public, remarks on a siib- which may be considered to be already well erstood, and still more so, that we should draw n from so ancient a source. The popularity he work of Forsyth may seem to render such easure hazardous : and the opinion, that mod- improvements have entirely superseded the 3tice of the early part of the century, may firm this opinion. But chance having thrown ur way this early treatise on the management •,rees, we are constrained to express our con- ion that it contains as much solid, good sense, :an be found in any modern work of the same ?nt, and we think the form in which instruo- i is conveyed much more suited to practical Oy TEEAT.MENT OF TREES. ibservation 1st. If any branch, in the middle the tree, rises with too much luxuriance above rest, in full, sappy wood, we must cut it off ;e to the body of the tree, but take care we not injure the bark of the great wood we take rom ; for such a wound would endanger the ilth of the tree, the wounded part would be a g time recovering, and be subject to canker. Id. There are many people with their pruning ives constantly in hand. But the continual ining of a tree makes it shoot into false wood I miscarry of its buds designed for fruit. The ison why trees shoot more into wood when they e been largely pruned, is because the root had ed itself with juices proportionable to the nour- ment its stani'ing branches required ; but len m.iny of them are cut away, the same fund es to the remaining buds that was destined to pport many more ; and thus a too luxuriaut O'.vth will be produced on the limbs which are 't. 3d. When a tree is in good order, we must ke care not to prune it too close, or take away a much wood inside, as some are too apt to do. must however take away enough to adroit the sun and air into tho centre, in order to ripen the fruit. It may bo remarked, iilsn, that we must admit more sun and air in a strong or wot s6i1, than in a dry, sandy one ; because the former na turally produces insipid fruit, wliile the latter generally ripens fruit better. 4th. Winter fruits should have their shoots left wider asunder than summer, the latter not wanting so muah sun as the former. Trees whicli made weak shoots the year before should be pruned in January, or earlier ; but vig orous trees should be pruned late in the year, in April, or even May, in which case they will bring less wood and more fruit. 5th. We must consider the climate in which we live, and direct our practice according to the de- gree of heat or cold. In hot countries the fruit must be gathered sooner than in colder ones, be cause the sap has performed its work sooner Fruit will keep longer, the longer it is suffered to remain on the tree. We should gather fruit after a frost, for we are then sure the sap will no long- er aid it. fith. In gathering frnits it should bo done with care and patience ; we should avoid destroying the blossom buds which are near them, or which join them ; for the buds are already formed for next year's fruit. Apples are much harder to gather than pears, being more closely fastened to the tree, and with shorter stalks. 7th. In hot, dry years, if it is very hot in Au- gust and September, our fruits should bo gather- ed early in October ; for such fruit as has had a good share of ripening on the tree, lasts but a short time, and is very subject to rot ; but if Au- gust and September be very cold, then let the fruit be left on till the last of October, and it will keep well. I account this one of the most impor- tant observations with regard to fruit. 9th. Those who prefer large, fine, fair fruit, should thin the fruit early ; and if the tree, in its first or second sap, tends to shoot abundance of wood, it should be pinched off while it is tcr.dcr and young, but never cut while the sap is flowing, because the tree, by cutting at that time is apt to run into wood, and tho blossom buds arc disap- pointed. N. B. The blossom buds are formed by the first sap, between April and June, and filled by the second, between July and October. 10th. We find some trees more apt to shoot into wood branches than others. Such trees should have their branches left long in pruning ; but those shoots which are loaded with blossom buds should be shortened, that the remaining buds may nourish the fruit better. 11th. It is necessary, the first and second year after planting a tree, to prune it very short, to make it shoot into wood ; and if, in following years, it does not come into bearing, but keeps shooting unprofitable wood, as is common with the Bergamoite, Rousselet and Firgoulouse pears, and some others, then leave every shoot very long. (.)( nW the sorts of pears, none will bear pruning so short as the as the Winter Bon Cretien: for then ii will give large wood and larger fruit. I5lh. In pruning, we must have regard to soil and climate. If it be wet and cold, we must prune the tree very epeo ; but in light, sandy grounds, where fruit is a/wai/s good, though it is smaller the pruning should be different. Wounds made by pruning, heal with very great dilliculty, in very hot, dry land ; ;ind I have known them entire)) perish by pruning. l(3lh. When a tree looks yellow, pluck it up and plant another. It is not worth the trouble of pruning and culture. But if it be a rare sort we may recover it by mud that has been well turned and dried, and hogs' dung laid about the roots. If we find that pear or quince stocks do no! answer a particular soil, take them up and plant those on free stocks ; if they fail plant apples ; in short, suit your trees to your soil, otherwise all your labor is lost. )7th. Pear trees, in their soil, should be plant- ed shallow, that the roots rncy spread ; fern oi straw is a great protection in summer to the roots.- and vastly encourages their growth. People fond of raising fruit, should keep free stocks ready to engraft, but never use suckers, they arc good for nothing. 22d. When wo graft a young or old tree, wo should do it as nearly equal on eacii side as possi- ble, otherwise that which is not engrafted will run away with tho nourishment from the grafts. This IS of less consequence in budding, as this does not affect the tree so much. When trees are trans- planted, the holes should bo made as Ir.rgc as pos sible, and the ends of the roots cut away, and tin small fibres taken oft'; for they are apt to rot and infect the ^reat roots. [An ei^opdon may be; made to this last rule where considerable earth can be taken up with the tree, and it is instantly replanted ; in tha! case the small fibres are of great value to thr tree.] — Mass. Jig. Repos. 24th. When you plant a wild stock for graft- ing, be as careful as if it was the finest fruit. — This is apt to be neglected, though this stock is to be the foundation of ail our work. 25th. When we transplant a tree, never fail to plant the same side towards the south which stood o before. We must also defend, as much as possible, tho wound made by grafting from the violence of the sun. [If this bo an important rule in Great Britain, it must be more so here. Grafts should be loosely covered till the whole wound is healed.] — Mass. Ag. Repos. 26th. In dry, sandy ground, plant trees in r^u tumn, and in moist, watery places, in spring, oth erwise the winter is apt to chill and kill them. Apples and pears, though more hardy than some others, are still more apt to be hurt by watei standing round them. In moist grounds, it is good to open the holes in the fall, and let them remain open all winter ; this enriches and mellows tho land thrown out, and fits it better for planting. Where a soil is light and sandy and not subject to inundation, plant the trees in tli.j beginning of November and they will gain fibres enough to support them before winter, and will shoot well the next spring, and belter than those planted in the spring. [N. B. — In this country we should plant in Oc- tober.] 378 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 22, 182". 37th. 1 have remarked, in llie way of grafting, 1 curiosity which, it is likely, may be new to many cultivators. If we have a good bearing tree which runs so much to blossom that the shoots ■and fruit are small ; if v.e take from the bearing shoots of such a tree a few buds and inoculate them upon largo vigorous shoots of some other pear tree, such buds will bear the second year and produce very large fruit, having plenty of sap to nourish it ; or if we put buds of tlic less bear loy again to conduct it, to whom they ordered whole of it to be enclosed with hedges of eighteen hundred livres to be paid, for defraying seedling white mulberry ; and the carrying on the e.xpcKses of it. Here it is to be remarked, | second operation they likewise trusted to that eight pounds and a quarter of the cocoons, raised in this first public experiment in the open air at Montpellier, yielded a pound of silk ; v/herc- as it required twelve pounds of the cocoons rais- •1 the very same season in the house, to yield a pound of silk. The second experiment, carried on publicly in ing kinds upon good bearers, such buds will be so the open air, took place in 1765, which I likewise far overruled by the nature of the bearing tree as attended with the same punctuality. It had how- to briniT abundance of fruit; but on either of ever, a very different issue from the former; for these occasions, it is necessary to assort our fruits, and to inoculate only summer pears upon some of the pear trees of the same season. Autumn pears should be inoculated upon autumn pears, &,c. but never graft or bud a winter pear on a summer one, for the sap of the summer pear will decline or diminish before the winter fruit is suf- ficiently grown. ON THE CULTURE OP SILK. Concluded from page 370. Is it then extraordinary, that nurses, who pass three weeks together at the hardest work, and in the most infected air, should givo a kind of pestilential milk, which occasions thiit mortality amongst the children ? They are seen, after that hard labour, to be in a languishing condition thera- selves for several months together. That kind of jaundice which attacks those women who ordina- rily have the charge of attending the silk-worms, does it not evidently demonstrate the cause of their illness ? The excess of labour might well occasion their growing meagre ; but it does not ordinarily give that livid yellow colour which we remark always in those who raise large quanti- ties of the silk-worras. That method of culture ought then to he avoided, as bein^ evidently so prejudicial to the human ho;ilth ; and the new me- thod, before pointed out, should certainly be fol- lowed ; as the continual circulation of fresh air not only prevents all those bad effects upon the .^lealth of those persons who are employed in roar- ing the silk-worui, but also secures a certain and rich crop of silk, by keeping the worms always in full health and vigour. In consequence of the foregoing memorial, the states ofLanguedoc, upon the recommendation of the minister, appointed an experiment in the open air, to bo carried on publicly in the garden belonging to the Jesuits' College at Montpellier, that second season having turned out ancommonly cold and wet, the worms, though the top of the stage was roofed with boards to throw off the wet, like our sheds in England, were frequently drench care of Monsieur Marteloy. These particula had from Monsieur Marteloy himself, whom in autumn of 1767 I met with at Thoulouse ; i where I left him busily engaged in forward these spirited operations committed to bis char which he told me were going on rapidly, as employers liberally supplied him with the fm necessary for that purpose. FENCES. Europeans who visit the United States expri their astonishment at the numerous fences eve' where seen, dividing the whole country into sm enclosures ; and especially at the immense qm ed with the rain ; and at the most critical time of'''''<'s of timber worked into our zig zag Virgil '"' fences. In most countries of Europe the cultf eJ lands form vast open commons, and the fan live together in villages, sometimes five or f mil3s from their farms. This deficiency of fenc is partly owing to the want of materials to co ■ trict them, and partlyrto the state of society a* government. In England and Scotland the greater part the farms are enclosed by fences, of which the> their growth, namely, from their having got over their fourth malady, to the time of their mounting, the heavy rams continuing almost incessantly, laid Monsieur Marteloy under the unavoidable ne- cessity of giving them their food wet, as there was not the least possibility of getting the leaves dri- ed. The consequence was, that the experiment failed; but, indeed, not more so than this culture failed almost every where else in Languedoc, where the worms were all 'reared in houses ; owing, without doubt, to the extreme v.'ctness of the seas- on. Though this last failure put an end to any fur- ther attempts to raise the worms in the open air, the consequences, however, of these two experi ments were yet productive of great advantages to tlie country ; formally of the people engaged in that culture, having been made perfectly sensible of the great errors in their former management, were led to adopt the alterations recommended by Monsieur Marteloy ; namely, not to overcrowd their worms as formerly, to observe more clean- liness, by frequently clearing away the litter ; and, lastly, by taking care to preserve the air of the rooms always sweet, by a continual circulation of fresh air ; which certainly form very material al- terations in their practice for the better. Whether owing to Monsieur Marteloy's experi- ments, or not, I will not pretend to say ; but cer- tain it is, that at this time a spirit for extendin" the silk culture greatly spread itself all over Lan- guedoc. Amongst those who distinguished them- selves the most, were the proprietors of the Royal Canal of Languedoc. As these gentlemen were proinielors of both the banks of the canal, for the It of Ik' tills ill under the direction of Monsieur Marteloy, and | purpose of their navigation ; they formed the spir- ordered the sum of twelve hundred livres to be paid to him for defraying the expenses of it This experiment was accordingly carried into exe- cution in 1764 : and as I happened to reside at ited resolution of planting entirely with the seed ling white mulberry the whole banks of the canal, from one end to the other, which, from the town of Agde to Thoulouse, forms a stretch of nearly one that time at Montpellier, I regularly, during the [ hundred and twenty miles whole course of it, attended to its progress twice i The care of carrying into execution these ex a day, taking care as regularly, to mark down in [tensive plantations they committed to Monsieur my notes the state of the weather daily, and every other occurrence which seemed to demand my at- tention. This experiment naturally drew to it the public notice, and the people engaged in that cul- ture flocked in from every quarter to observe the result. To their no small astonishment, the ex- periment succeeded in the most perfect manner ! And the report of its success having been made to the minister, the states ofLanguedoc were ad- vised by him to order a second experiment of the same kind to be made the year following, which they accordingly did, appointing Monsieur Marte- Murteloy, upon whom they settled a handsome ap- pointment for defraying the expense of his living and travelling charges. And, with a view to fix ijlllllof Will are various kinds — live hedges, ditches, hed|i *''' and ditch together, stone walls, turf walls, sto' and turf walls, posts and boards called paling, jaI' In Ireland there are but few live hedges ; stoj) * walls and turf banks are the usual fences. France the lands are generally unenclosed ; sow «5" fences may be seen near towns, but in genet' the whole country is open, and the boundaries estates are marked by occasional stones, heaps earth, rows of trees, &c. ;i Guards are established throughout the kiugJw to prevent passengers on the highways from com mining depredations. In Austria and Germani ■" tlie lands are not enclosed, except those neiCr towns. — In Russia and Poland the lands are most every where unenclosed, although in mac districts there are large forests and plenty of tin her. Poland and part of Russia appear to th , traveller to be interminable forests with here an i there a tract of pasture or ploughed ground. I( "*! Sweden there are but few fences. Small encloa "■, ures near the farm-yards are fenced by splinteni *'' of deal set up in a sloping position, and fastenei ° by withes to upright posts. This is the only fence used in Sweden, NorwB) and Lapland, and it is often seen near villages U Russia, and the northern parts of Germany. Xi L the best cultivated parts of the Netherlands, ths , estates are enclosed with hedges or other fences* /,i, The Dutch keep their fences in a better state 'L than most other nations. In Spain the lands are ' ,! open every where, excepting immediately rounS ° towns and villages. The plains of Lombardy and- ,. , Tuscany are enclosed with hedges or ditches, but j, the rest of Italy is eenerally without fences. ■■ L', The Rev. J J. Blunt, who published a work dfi Italy a few years since, says there was no raoriji his attention still the more closely to the duties of i enclosures in the days of the Romans than th his charge, they likewise bound themselves hy J ire now. For this reason flocks were always at- contract, to communicate to him a tenth share of tended by shepherds. " Tityrus and Menalcas [« the free profits of these plantations, for a certain ' Virgil] would have had something else to do thai) number of years. I sit under a beech tree and blow their rustic reeds, Nor was this all ; for the same gentlemen car- , 'f s. w'ant of hedges had not rendered their servi- ried ihoir views of this kind still further. Being pos- ' ces indispensable to prevent the goats from stray- sessed of an extensive property inland, which : '"?•" In ancient Greece, much of the countri at that 'ima lay entirely open, they ordered the ' ^vas in common pasture, .^mong the .Tews, poi I ii ^M Vol.V No. 48. NEW ENGLAND FARMEU S7i> I of land neir the towus were enclosed, but I greater part wag open. When Naomi glean- lafler the reapers, " her hap was to light en a ft oflht field (that is, of the common field) bc- jging ucto Boaz." — Hittnp. Gat. MILLET. 'his species cf cereal grass has been introduced 9 several towns in this county, and a greater intity of land will be sown with it the present .son than in any former one Many farmers who /e cultivated it, think it a valuable plant. *ti Hr Loudon gives an engraving and description I plant, which is evidently of the same genus, ot of the same species, with our broom-corn. — colls it the great or Indian millet. It is ana- ! of India, whence it has been introduced into abia, Egypt, Asia Minor, China, Spain, Italy, lonce, &c. It is cultivated chiefly for the seed, lich the Aiabs grind and make into cakes, »nd ij Italians into bread. In Tuscany it is used for ding poultry, swine, horses, &c. In some parts Italy they make brushes and brooms of the ilks, and in France the paiinicles are sold at jseilles and other places for making " cham- besoms," (Mr Loudon's name for brooms,) and ithes brushes. In China this millet attains the iwht of 16 feet ; in some countries only 6 or 8. Loudon remarks that the climate of Englmd 3 not admit of cultivating Indian millet (broom- b) or maize (Indian corn.) The former will e 5 or 6 feet in that country, but will not ripen seeds, or even flower. here are several kinds of the common millet, ich are cultivated in India, Italy, Germany, &c. [Hampshire Gaz.] LIFE PRESERVER 'We notice in the New York papers an accoont a new life preserver, constructed by Dr. John ,. Comstock, of Hartford, of which trial has been icently made in the New York harbor. A man, rnished with one of the machines, was thrown rerboard from the steam boat Macdonough, and imained in the water half an hour, lying upon ,e surface, and swimming or floating nt his pleas- re. The apparatus is said to be vory simple, insisting of merely a canvass bag, about five feet DDg and when filled, of about as many inches in jia'ineter. A brass cock, with a screw stopper, is iserted in the centre of the bag, and all that it B requisite for a person to do, in case of danger, to fasten the basj round his waist, and blow hrough the cock until it is filled with air. The anvas is double, and rendered water and air ight by a solution of India rubber spread like a lue between the cloth, to which it adheres. It s said that the same solution applied to ladies' arunella shoes, or to cloth dresses, will render hem water tight, without injuring the texture or pliability of the material to which it is applied The discovery of the life-preserver, its success aving been sufliciently tested ought to rank high among the inventions of modern times. [Nat. Journal.] Hearse Racing — A most indecent practice pre- vails in New York, among those engaged at fune- rals, to conduct carriages and hearses, in racing through the principal streets on their return ! A short time since a coachman began a race with a hearseman, and proceeded some way down the Bowery, before the gentleman inside the coach could sucseed in stopping it. PORCELAIN CLAY. England they are sorted into three kinds accord- A beautiful white clay has been discovered in ing to the quality, and then made into packs. Vermont, which will probably be suited to the ""' manufacture of porcelain. It has not been ascer- tained how it proves in experiment, but thoro can be no doubt that it is porcelain clay, even though it should require modifying in the manufactory. — It is stated to be very white, and as fine as flour, nielfs readily under the blow pipe, forms a paste with water, and when used like liine for a wash or paint, adheres strongly to wood, and gives it a fine white color. There are several varieties of The produce varies from 150,000 to 250,000 heads of the first and second sorts on an acre. The crop often fails. Parkinson observes that by burning the straw and refuse stuifaflcr the crop is gather od, the teasel will be fJund not to impoverish, hut to improve the land. To save seed, leave a few of the best heads, and when ripe, the seed may bo separated by flails. Hamp. Gaz. We are happy to learn that Prussia has foUow- clay used in porcelain ware in the European man- 1 ^'^ ^''^ example of Great Britain and the United ufactories, and it will be an easy matter to asccr- ' States, and signed a commercial treaty with the tain whether this will require any material modi- 1 "ew Mexican Republic. Thus, one by one, the fication for use. A gentleman from Nantucket ''"'^^ which formed the ponderous chain of the lately showed us a specimen of porcelain clay found there in great abundance, very fine and white. — A*. Y. Times. Holy Alliance give way under their own rust. London Times- Fine draught of Fish. — " With every fish we draw out of the sea we draw up a piece of silver." « „,„_,,• • »!,■ • 1 u L J — Franklin. On Monday last, Mr A. Holbrook, A short time ago, in this neighborhood, a young c- „ i u ., , . , r. .l r-, i r. . r _, _c. _ _<• _ . ■..■', = of Fanueil-Hall market, left the City wharf at f» o'clock, A. M. in a new lap-streak boat, and re- FRIGHTENING CHILDREN. girl of seven years of age, whose imagination had been filled with those frightful nursery tales that , j . c d m i • ., v . n m- • J k ■ . . J .L - turned at 5, P. M. having taken, between Pulling Point and Nahant, 700 fine Bass, at two hauls ol are conjured up by ignorant servants and others, to frighten children into their obedience, was ^"""' I""" thrust into a dark closet for some tale she had j carried to her parents. The poor thing continued ! Useful Improvement. — The model »f a Machine to scream with the most violent apprshension : , to plane and joint all sorts of lumber, is now in and when the door was opened to take her from J this town, and can be seen at any time at Mr Dob- her abode of terror, she was lying on the ground , bin's coppersmith shop. Mechanics who have in strong convulsions. The conflict was too pow- I seen and examined it, pronounce it a valuable im- erful for her tender reason, and she now exists i provement. The machine can be worked either one of the most miserable objects of human sym- : by horse or water power and can easily be attach- pathy. Her parents and friends see their hopes ! ed to a saw mill. — Fayeileville, (J\r. C.) Journal. blasted — their interesting little favorite is now an idiot — Glasgow Chronicle. Cut Worm A correspondent informs us, that after repeated trials he has satisfied himself, thai TEASEL. bugs, cut-worms, &c. which are so destructive to Some of the farmers of Williamsburgh have i gardens, can be removed or destroyed " by sprink- undertaken the culture of teasel, or fuller's this- 1 ling vegetables with the flour of sulphur." tie, and it is estimated that this plant now occu- Plymouth pa. pies about 90 acres in that town. It is gratify- ing to see the attention of farmers turned to new ' The Paper-makers in Connecticut are forming articles of agriculture which promise to reward =1 State Society of their Fraternity, for improvc- tbeir labors, especially at the present time, when ™^"'s '" *eir manufactures, and to provide a foreign markets for our products are becoming f"""*^ for relief of the wives and families of pool' more and more limited, when measures for exten- deceased Members. ding our domestic markets are violently opposed „ ., 7^, '■ '7~- ~7 . , I., f, „ , . J 1 . !• .1, .u 1 Frml. — There is a fair prospect ot an abund by the statesmen and planters of the south, and ,.r,-. , ^ r\ c ... ,, . 1 r .-I r ..L \ ance of Fruit the present season. One farmer re- when the vast and fertile regions of the west are , , .,.,_. ■_ lit i ui u nonrin. ,I,<.;r nrn^n.finno inf. tl,„ .Ifio^ „P ,^„ ^"ked yesterday that he should, probably, have pouring their productions into the cities of the northern states. 200 bushels of Peaches ; but complained that our mi, . 1 • w . J • ri 1 J n present Market Accommodations were so limited The teasel is cultivated in England, Prance,,'; . ,, , . o. n d i; j- TT ,, „j r' « r ii. r • • ' that he could not get a Stall — PalladiuK. Holland, Germany, &c. for the purpose of raising the nap upon woollen cloths. The following re- marks upon its culture are abstracted from Mr. Loudon's Enclyclopedia : — The teasel grows strongest on deep, loamy clays, not over rich. — The soil should be ploughed deep, and well pul- verised. In England it is frequently sown broad cast but it is better to sow it in rows with inter- vals of 18 to 24 inches between them ; the plants in the rows may be 6 inches apart. The ground should be kept clean and mellow by ploughing and hoeing. The heads are cut at three different times as they become ripe, by means of a knife with a short blade. A pair of strong gloves is necessary in this operation. The heads attached to a few inches of the stem are tied in handfulls, and put in dry sheds, whence they are taken out and exposed to the sun daily till they become per- fectly dry. No rain should fall upoa them. In Franklin Monument. — On Friday 15th inst. was laid in Boston, by the President of the Mechanic Association, the first stone of the Franklin Menu ment. This monument is erected by the citizens of Boston, in the granary burying ground, to the memory of Benjamin Franklin, over the tomb iu which repose the remains of both his parents. — The monument is a pyramid, twenty-five fee!^ high, and formed of blocks of granite of about six tons weight each, taken from the Bunker Hill Monument quarry. A writer in the Boston Courier mentions that flour, to the value of nearly a million and a half, was imported into New-England in 1826. In 1821, the domestic manufactured articles exported a- mounted in value to $2,754,000, and in 1826, to $6,000,000. :i80 j^'EW ENGLAND FARxMEH. June 22. 1827, fcW';*!'!' pliil BOSTON HOUSE OF INDUSTRY. directors' annual r.EPORT. There were in the House, on the SOlii April, 1826, 407 inmates ; since wliich time, there have been admitted 009, born in the Houso 10, dis- charged 310, deserted, moilly while on Ic'.ive of absence 19c<, bound out as apprentices 11, died 99, leavini; now in the Houee -108 persuris, for n more particular account of whom, reference may] be had to the accompanying table, marked A. In the document marked B. is contained an ac- count of the manner in which tho inmates are employed during the summer months ; the number in each department, varying occasionally, as cir- cumstances require ; in winter a much larj;or pro- portion arc employed in picking oakum, &c. The schedule marked C. contains a statement of all the property on hand, on the 30t!i April, 1897, amounting to $12,^(13 53. There is due to the City, (and cash in the hands of the Treasurer of this Board) from Towns, for the support of their poor, about $.500, wliich will bo shewn by schedule U ; but as the charges are in some cases disputed, that amount cannot be considered as available. There has been placed to the credit of 'he City, since the last annual Report, by the Commonwealth, for the support of their poor in the House from the 1st of January, 182(), to May 31; the sum of $3420 G7 ; and from Juno 1, to De- cember 31, 1826, the sum of .f4132 27, total a- mount of e.xpenses for the State Paupers from January 1, to May 3!, 1827, will probably exceed $3000. Since tho last auuual Report the Stockade Pence round the Farm has been completed ; the building formerly used as the Public Schoolhouse at South Boston, has been located at the Gate, and rendered fit for the occupancy of a family. Five hundred foot of drains have been laid, and two large reservoirs have been dug and stoned ; the building heretofore used as the carpenter's shop, has been altered for, and is now occupied 13 a School Houso, by the children of both sexes, belonging to the House. A well has been dug at the v/est end of the house for the convenience of the westerly wing, and the house for female blacks. Thiee large Tombs have been built at the north westerly corner of the Farm, in which have been interred, since January 1, 1827, iiC bodies, by which a saving had been made to the City, of $54, which is more than 25 per cent on the cost. Porches and out doors have been plac- ed to all the entries to the House, which has caus- ed a great saving in fuel ; tho chimnies have been '.opped, to prevent smokiug ; and tho side walks iiave been rel.iid, and repaired. Within tl;e House, two galleries have been built in the Chapel ; a large room in the basement story has been floored and ceiled, for the accommodation of the Irish females ; .i.nd a Pump has been placed in the kitchen, communicating by 80 feet of suction, with the well in the front yard. Coffins have been made by tho inmates, for those who died in the House ; and the Overseers of Ihe Poor of the City have been supplied, for out door paupers, to the amount of $130. The House for the Employ- ment and Reformation of Juvenile Offenilers, has been supplied with books, school desks, tables, "^hoomr.ker's benches, and other carpenter work, to tii-3 amount of $238 08. The foUowinn; improvements have been made on the Farm: the old Fort near the sop. shore, has been levelled and prepared for cultivation ; of the citizens of Boston, your Committee feeltijbal ' about 300 fruit trees have been set out ; about half an acre of land been planted with asparagus roots, and the garden and farm generally, put in a fit state of cultivation. The whole premises have been surveyed, and an accarate plan of tho same executed. The Crops raised during the last year, are es- timated as follows : 4 tons Barley, cut green at $16 per ton ; 4 do. Hay, 20 ; 3 do. Rowen, 18 ; 1^ do Millet, 8 ; Corn Fodder, 2G0 ; 80 bushels Corn, 90 c. ; 2162 do. Potatoes, 42 c. ; 330 do. Cariots, 33 c. ; 300 do. Mangel Wurtzcls, 33 c. ; 300 do. Turnips, 16 c. ; 341 do. Beets, 50 c. ; 1800 Cab- bages, 4 c. ; Peas, Beans, small vegetables and Fruit, sold, or consumed in the House, about 500. Total $2448 44. During the last autumn, 118 Cattle were pur- cliased, the cost of which was $3023 56 ; and the hides and tallow have been sold for $1137, 03 ; !iuU beef and offal consumed in ths House, to the amount of $750 ; and the residue has been salted and packed, to the number of 235 barrels, of 200 lbs. each, which, at $8 per barrel amounts to $1880 ; by this operation, about $700 have been saved to the City. Tlio value of the swine on the Farm, on the 30th April, 1826, was $856 20, and 201 have since been purchased, the cost of which was .$1 163 75 ; and there have been slaughtered for the use of the House, to the amount of $689 80 ; sold $176- 8 27; remaining on hand. 38 hogs aud 20 pigs, valued at $476; leaving a gain of ^914 23 ; be- sides the value of a large quantity of manure which has been put on the Farm, the benefit of which is yet to be realized. In the Internal Department of the Institution, the wants of the inmates have been carefully at- tended to, and their comforts promoted, and a I very general satisfaction has been expressed ; and | your committee cannot omit this opportunity of 1 communicaiing to the board, the grateful sense entertained and m.iiiifested by the paupers, for the very munificent gift of a pair of fine cattle, by Ward Nicholas Boylston, Esq. to furnish them with a dinner for Thanksgiving and Christmas Days. For a particular account of the Medical De partment, reference may be had to the Report of the Physician to the Establishment, herewith sub- mitted, ma.rked E. Your Committee would here state, that owing to tiie very unfavorable weather, experienced the last season, the produce of the Farm was not so great as was expected ; added to which, the most available labour of the inmates has been appropri- ated to completing the stockade fence, leveling the old for', planting trees, constructing a glacis in the garden in the front of the Houso, and oth- er objects which being improvements of a per- manent nature, will in future .years, enable the Directors to apply the whole force of the inmates to the cultivation of the Farm. A reasonable ex- incumbent on thorn to express their opinion, t: tho utility and success of the establishment, i| in a great measure to be attributed to the wciiried care and attention, with which the crtions of this Board havo been seconded by tl Superintendent and Mistress of the House. Ill believed that method, good order, and a fair prl spect of progressive improvement, prevail ; ail your Committee trust, that under the protecticl care of Divine Providence, the Institution mil continue to be an Asylum for the virtuous, ageij infirm, and industrious poor. All which is submitted. Boston, April 30, 1827. iieil»!! ■[litsf ' ■vkiie;' f It'll! B I lo *|ia" sidll ik(jiilsi» ORCHARD GRASS. As an instance in addition to those which have already noticed, of the productiveness of present year, we were shown on Saturday last,' bunch of Orchard Grass, raised upon the farm o Johu Hare Powel, Esq. of Powelton, containin)i| several stalks that measured live feet four inchei higl. It was taken from a field of thirty acres o the same kind of grass, much of which we are inil formed is but little inferior to the specimen abovtl mentioned. [Phila. pa.] MILLET. As the prospect is that hay will be cut early this year, we would i:i!gge3t to farmers the oxpd'- diency of ploughing those parts of their fields' which bear light crops of grass, and sowing tbettJ with millet. Ifnown the last of this month, it may probably be taken in before the autumnal frost, and will yield two or three tons of good fodder to the acre. — About three pecks of seed to an acre will be sufiicieut ; it may be procured at the New England Farmer Office, North Market-street, Boston. [Lov oil Journal] LARGE GOOSEIltRRli^S. . ^ We have just seen a sample of Gooseberries' from the Garden of Mr. Kilgour, of this city,'i which surpass any thing of the kind we have ever , witnessed. The least of them measured upwards " of three inches in circumferance one way, and two inches seven-eights the other. Twelve of them weighed two and a half ounces. [Cincinnatti Com Reg.] PEAS AND BEANS. Mr Knight, an English Jiorticulturist, has give'.i a curious experiment in impregnating tlie blos- soms of one variety of pea with the farina of an- other. He says, treatise on apple and pear, page 42, " Blossoms of a small white garden pea, in which the males had previously been destroyed, were impregnated with the farina of a large clay coloured kind, v/ith purple blossoms. The pro- duce of tiie seeds, thus obtained, were of a dark gray colour, but these, having no fixed habits, were soon changed by cultivation into a numerous variety of very large and extremely luxuriant llUSW' ioeiito™' estellti pectation may therefore be entertained, that the white ones, which were not only much larger and produce of the labour of the inmates, may go far towards supporting tho Institution. In presenting this Report, your Committee take the opport'jnity of repeating the satisfaction, which tliey havo no doubt the Board feel, in com- mon with themselves, at the success which has at- tended the Institution, during the past year. And while it ranks in the estimation o*' the friends of humanity, as a noble monument of the liberality more productive than the original white ones, but the number of seeds in each pod was increased from seven to eight, or eight to nine, and not un- frequently to ten. The newly made gray kinds, I tound were easily made white again, by impreg- nating their blossoms with the farina of another white kind. The fifth volume of the Bath papers, contains a siniibr cxoeriment with beans. It is related, that /o;.v. — No. IS. NEW ENGLAND 1 AR1\1ER. 38J I hour after il had twice bitten Iho dog : nothing r Wl.i.npy plnntod a fioldvvith ff-^dcn^^beans^ ^^-^^ ^^^^ ^^ eounteract the effect of tl,o wound \vs abot three feet asunder, in the .r— maiagan, wliite blossom, longr-podded, dvvich-token. and Windsor beans. Themaza- on! v.-Iiile blossom wore threshed lirst, when, .cat surprise, he found many new species can-. Those from the mazagnn were mottled k and white ; the white blossoms were^bro^wu , ^^^^^^^ .^_^^^^^^.^ ^, .^^^^^ ^^ .^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^_^ the piireon expired in agony and convulsious, in twenty minutes after its infliction. If further ex- periments confirm the obvious inference sng- ficsted by tliis, there is discovered an easy and certain remedv for tho bite of poisonous and rap- id animals. Hydrophobia, that horrible, and hi- vellow, instead of their natural biacli 'were both much larger than usual. Dartcin's Phytolo^ia, pa^e 105. ATE OF AGRICULTURE IN VIRGINIA. series of communications on this subject, has ared in the Richmond Whig, and contains some just remarks. Whoever has had an opportu its appalling and destructive course. To put an [effectual stop to this frightful malady it will be I necessary only to apply a cupping-glass over the I wonndod part. Parliamenlary Review for 1826. ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS. The manner in which electric conductors are sometimes made and attached to buildings either to compare the condition of agriculture in j jy^j^j ^^,^pj ^j- P^,.^ qj. knowledge in tho manufac- turer, is so imperfect and so contrary to the pnn- linia, and the neighbouring States, with that ( erroneous way : at the top they commence hich soon become or eight feet re h exists in this part of the country, nmst have ( ^jpigj, ^f natural philosophy, that, instead of uf- n struck with the difference, and the causes to I. -Q|.jjjj,^, .j^g security intended, they greatly in- ;h il is owing. The writer seems in a ffood ' ^^^g jj,g jangcr which they are designed to re- sure aware of the obstacles which agriculture , j^^gyp They are appended to some of our most to encounter ; and the following is a very brief ; ^j^jy^ljjg public and private edifices in the follow- ! of his remarks.— JV. Y. Dc.ihj Advtrlistr. | j„„ en-oneous way : at the t griculture is in a very low state in Virginia, j „,fj|, three or four steel pointi icularly in the eastern parts of tho state, a!- } j^gtyg^ji ^fter extending si igh the country possesses many natural od- 1 (.^j^g ^ j^^gg ■^^^^^ sujiporter, which terminates in .ages, in fine harbours, navigable rivers, cheap i ^ p^i^j ^j^j jg driven into the building. — Some excellent lands, adapted to various kinds of ^.^jj^ .,fg gggu^g^l jjy 15 or 20 of these supporters, iluclions, mines of iron, lead and coal. The ^,^^^ pf which may interrupt the pas.-.age of the icultural class are proverbially ignorant, poor elec'.rick fluid, and conduct it into tho edifice. — indolent. For many years the same doctrines \ Anotlier essential fault, consists in tho number of practices have prevailed without alteration ; 1 pj^^gg ^o^poging the conductor and the method with the exception of a few ciscs, no advan- 1 g|-jQi„||,g ^^^^ t^jgethor by curving the extremi- tf has been derived from the numerous and t;gg^ ^^^ tl,at t^g surface at the places of contact ortant improvements madp in other parts of j^ i-gjuced nearly to a point, and if one of the iron world, in all the branches of nsriculture. i ^j^^p, sjiould be fixed near a point, as is frequent- ipared witli the progress made by persorr* I fy ^1^^, g^^^g^ jjip g^jj n,igl,t tiy yasily diverted from Ihe learned professions, this backwardness is jj^ proper course. Other ueficisncies might be more remarkable ; and the writer attributes it ,„gn(ioned, but the above are sufficient to show he co-operating influence of several cai'ses. ^j^^^^ jj^^„y Ij.^.gg j„j,y ),avo boon lost in consequence • is the discredit into which agriculture has ofthem. en, in the opinions of the young, who regard a j^.^^^ conductors, to afford proper security, til or medical education, or a seat in the Legris- jjjpy],] ^g at least one inch in diameter. The points re, as the only steps to honourable distinction, g^ould be made of copper, brazed into a common n to this he considers the custom, universal in ^^^^^ ^^.j^jg^ ig jp t,e connected with the rod by a lower parts of the state, of rclinqnishin!? tho ^g^g^!^ j^j^t^ having a layer of tea-cho.=;t lead on ,ur to slaves. The former should ratlier be re- ^^^ shoulder. The tips of the points should be of iled as the natural effect of the latter— it will ^^j^ ^^ silver, and should be six feet above the ound wherever the other exists, it will prevail [jj-^ggt part of tho building. The rod should be *;..„ .i„„.„o .„^ i,»,c „c l.„„ p^^^^-j ^^.^1^ lamp-black and oil, and confined to its situation by pieces of wood well seasoned. It should incline in a direction from the bottom of the frame, making an angle of about 45" at that part which is one or two feet above the sur- face of the earth ; the portion below the surface should be a square bar one inch in diameter, with Strange that when caterpillars are so easily de- troyed, farmers let them remain on their trees till they devour every leaf! — I have in my garden seven trees, and probably hail in tlio Spring on them as many caterpillars as are usually on trees, and my remedy was very easy — simply tying e rag on the end of a polo dipped in linseed or sperm oil, rub the nests with this and it will kill them at once. All my trees liave more or less on them, and it took mo perhaps one hour only to clear them entirely, and I have not seen a cat- erpillar on them since. If every farmer would destroy all the caterpil lars on his trees, in a few years they must be ex- terminated ; as they (^in tlio month of August, 1 think) turn into millers and deposit their eggs on the limbs of trees, which remain till the next spring, and then are hatched. G. Remavlcs ly the Editor of the JV. E. Farmer. — A strong white wash of fresh stone lime, spirits of turpentine, or a little oil of any kind, particu- larly blubber oil, are recommended as proper applications for the destrnction of these insects in Deane's New England Farmer. Col. Pickering's brush likewise answers the purpose of cleaning the branches. But we are assured by practical orchardists tliat a rag, dipped in strong soap suds, fastened to tho end of a long pole, and applied to the nest of caterpillars is as efficient as anything, and less expensive than most things for this ob- ject. But in applying any of these remedies care- should be taken to choose that part of the day, when the caterpillars are in their nest ; viz morn- ing evening, or cloudy weather. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 22, 1827. comparative degree and lasts as long .. BARRY'S EXPERIMENTS IN C\SES OP POISO'^. 1 .t the very time we arc writing. Dr. Barry of is, is engaged in a series of experiments, the ■lication of which promises to be immediate. of high importance. Having been led by , ^^^ ^^ ^^ f^^^. ^^ g^ ^„j ,g„ji ^„^„ 3 former experiments to conjecture, that ab- l'""'^=> !-"<•'-' o ption cannot take place in a vicuum, he per- med the following experiment, in order to as- tain the fact. He carefully removed tho hair the outer part of a do?'s thigh, so as to ex- e the skin. He then cansed a venomous ser- it to inflict, in immeditite succession on this tion of the dog's till. 'h. two bites. As soon the wounds were made, he spplied n cupping .ss over the part bitten, and retained it there irly an hour. At the end of that period, the rose fro.li the table, and walked with tolera- ease : he continued in perfect health, and not slightest injury from tiie bites supervened. A ■eon wns bitten by the same serpent about an I {[jeni ?'■ ward. The lower extremity of the conductor should extend till it reaches moist earth, where it should be surrounded by a small bed of charcoal coarsely pulverized. — The number of joints should always be as few as possible and made like the one de- scribed. [Portsmouth Journal.] From the JVewhnryport Herald. Mr Editor, — I observe, in a lata Lowell pa- per, that the " Caterpillars ar destroying all the Apple trees in that neighborhood," and the editor asks '■ if there is no bird to help man destroy RUBBING CHEESE WITH RED PEPPER PRESERVES IT AGAINST MITES. A letter from Samuel Wood to Thomas L. Win- throp, Esq. published in the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Repository, vol. iv. page 374, states that " Red pepper, eo called, is a complete antidote against flies impregnating cheese so as to produce maggots. Take onc and put it into a delicate piece of linen, moisten it with a little fresh but- ter, and rub your cheese frequently. It not only gives a very fine colour to your cheese, but it is so pungent that no fly will touch it. SU.MMER MANURE. Most farmers yard their cows at niglit, through the summer ; their manure should be collected into a heap, in some convenient part of the barn yard, to prevent its being wasted by the sun and rains; a few minutes' atten'ion in the morning, when the cows are turned out to pasture, would collect a heap of several lo.iHs in a season, ready for your wheat or grass ground in autumn. If you should cart on, and cover your heap occasion- ally with a load or two at a time of rich earth, (where it could be spread.) it would commix with the manure by fermentation, and become rich compost, and thus increase your qiiantit" and your wealth. If you stable your horses occasion- ally, or generally in summer, lot this manure also be conveyed to your heap, it will improve its qual- ity, by being mixed with the other manure and the earths. Four good loads of this manure will dress in the hole an acre of Indian-corn or pota- 382 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. toes, and upon an average double your crop ; tins | longer than one year. Perennial flower ^eeds the .3 no small advantiige ; and no careful farmer will same. Tree seeds. Stone, two vp.r, • n,,^ =n.,„ June 22. 162/ :« k neglect it. Ten loads of such manure, spread up- on your g-rass grounds in autumn may be conside- red equal to 15 or 20 loads of farra-yard manure, laid on in the spring, especially if the season in the spring or summer following should be dry. NEW SEEDS AND OLD SEEDS. Gardeners, in general, prefer new seeds to old for their principal crops, as they are believed to come up sooner, and with greater certainty, and to grow more luxuriantly. But peas and beans of a year old, Mr Marshall observes, are by some preferred to new, as not so likely to run to straw. And cucumbers and melons are best to be sev- eral years old, as they shoot less vigorously, and thence become more fruitful. But this principle is carried too far by some gardeners, who say, these seeds cannot be too old, and will allow ten years to be within bounds; three for cucumbers, and four for melons, however, is age enough. Peas and beans will germinate very well at sev- en years of age ; but the seeds of lettuces and kidney beans, and some others are not to be de- pended upon «fter a year or two, and, generally speaking, the smaller seeds are of the least dura- tion. A correspondent of the New England Parmer, says, vol. ii. page 225, " Do I mistake in suppos- ing that it is generally thought that the newer the seed the better ? When the produce is look- ed for under ground this may be true. Also when it is to be in leaves and vines. But when in things produced upon vines, as peas,beans, cucum- bers, &c. the seed should not ordinarily be used till It is two years old. If it were twice that age It would not be the worse, except in planting, a attle more seed would be required." Loudon says " The latest periods at which the rally in demand me to grow freely are the following : Cabbage tribe, four years. Leguminous ciili. nary vegetables, [peas and beans] one year. Es- culent roots. Beets, ton years. Turnip, four years. Carrot, one year. Parsnip, one year Radish, two years. Salsafy, two years. Skirret, four years. Spinaceous plants. Spinage, four years. White beet, ten years. Orachs, one year. Purslane, two years. Herb-palicnce, one year.— Alliaceous plants. [Onions, leeks, garlic, &,c.l — two years. Asparaginous plants. Asparagus, four years. Sea-kale, three years. Artichoke, three years. Cardoon, two years. Rampeon, two years. Ahsanders, and the thistles, two years. Acetari- ous plants, [such as are used for salads and condi- ments] in general two years. Lettuce, three years. Endive, four years. Burnet, six years.— Mustard, four years. Sorrel, seven years. Cel- ery, ten years. Pot-herbs and garnishing plants m general two years ; but parsley will grow at SIX years. Dill and Fennel, five years. Chervil, SIX years. Marigold, three years. Borage, four years. Sweet herbs, generally two years; but Rue and Rosemary three years ; and Hyssfp, six years. Plants used in tarts, &c. generally two years; but the Rhubarb only one year; and Gourd-Pompion, &c. ten years. Herbaceous fruits. The cucumber and melon, ten or more years— Love apple. Capsicum tribe, and egg plant, two years. Annual and biennial flower-seeds, gener same. Tree seeds. Stones two years ; and some as the Haw, three ; but they arc in general of very doubtful success the second year ; Blni, Pop- lar and Willow seeds not at all. YOUNG FRUIT TRKES. Sir John Sincliir says, in the Code of Agricul- ture, '* It cannot be too strongly inculcated that to permit young fruit trees to bear fruit too early, is eventually to do essential injury to their future fruitfulness and duration." The fruit should at least, on young trees, be thinned by plucking it carefully by hand, till there is no more left than will be anfficient to serve as a sample of the pro duct of the tree, and show whether it would bo desirable to engraft it. ini! " llirtlp l-On THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BEES. Mr I'ESSENDEN, — There have been great com- plaints in this part of the country, of worms des- troying bees ; and a large part of the bees have been destroyed. I think I have found a remedy, VIZ. early in the spring raise the hive, so that the bees can pass out all round the hive, and the bees will soon start the worms out. I have formerly lost bees by the worms, and when I first began to raise the hives, I could see the bees pull them out at a great rate. Yours, &c. J. STONE. N. B. To raise the hives at this time will answer the purpose, if the worms are not too numerous. Sudbury, June 17, 1827. j Ilk of" iliji! Remarks hy Ike Editor— The insect to which Mr Stone alludes has proved very destructive to bees in the United States. It is, we believe, the same which is thus described by M. Reamur : -^~ ",;"".— r-" F-...u= ... ...i,^„ i„f "These creatures are of the caterpillar kind, ^r,rrnr°«Lr"°''''"^'",f'''"-''°'^ ""^^ ''®®^P'^'^^°'^ and have sixteen legs. They feed on wax, and for food enter the bee-hives ; where they boldly engage the bees, and are not to be prevented from feeding, though at the expense of their habita- tions ; so that it is no uncommon thing for a swarm of bees to be forced to change their place, leaving this contemptible victor in possession of the hi\c. " All the authors who have written on bees have complained of this destructive animal. It never eats the honey, but feeds only on the wax; at- tacking principally those waxen cells where the female bee deposits her eggs for the future pro^-- eny. " ; " The bees would readily destroy these crea- 1 tures, were it not for the armour they are covered : with. They form themselves a coat of armour of a double matter. The first next to the body is^a kind of silk of their own spinning ; and the outTr covering is of bees wax laid on considerably thick. The creature just thrusting its head out to feed, goes on dsTouring the cells ; while the bees are buzzing about him, attempting in vain to pierce him with their stings. He never forsakes his cov- ering, but lengthens and enlarges it as he goes ; and, gnawing down the sides uf the cells Tn his march, without staying to eat them one by one, the destruction he occasions is hardly to be con- ceived, j " Wljen the time of change approaches, it con- I tracts its body within its double covering, and j there changes into the nymph state ; where after I " The bees know their enemy in the new for , and destroy all the moths they can meet with. j They are seldom so fortunate, however, as to fc the whole race as soon as produced ; and if oii jOne escape, it is able to lay a foundation of i [venge for the death of its brethren. I " AH the flies of the moth kind lay a vast nui ber of eggs; and the young ones produced one female are sufficient to destroy many hives honey combs. The moth produced by this cate pillar flies but little ; but is very nimble in avoi ing danger by running, which it does with gre swiftness." ■ It appears that this insect began its ravages, this country in some place to the southward' New York, and Mr Van Schaick, a writer who -,„., quoted in The Farmer's Assistant, asserts that till liloK most efi"ectual mode of destroying the insect " to raise the hive about an inch above the fl and keep it there, when the moment the bees cover their unmasked enemies, whether in , shape of eggs, or of caterpillars, they attack tht™|tB with fury, and toil incessantly until they ha? L destroyed or removed every vestige of them o 1 the board." i The same writer recommends the construclio of the floor or ph.nk, on which the hive standi* '>„ and also the rim of the hive to be " of such dimem , sions and materials as would afford no place c ! concealment for the fly or its eggs." Dr Low „ ! another writer, quoted in the same work, advisei „, , to suspend the hive, by a cord fastened in the tow and have the plank forming the floor moveable o^ and down. During cold weather the plank 'iiil brought up close to the rim to keep the bees s\tt» ficiently warm ; but on the approach of spring, o when the weather was become suitably moderat- ed the plank was let down about four inches, am. , kept in that situation during the warm or grow >ng season. At particular cold spells, during thf . hrst of the spring or latter end of the fall, the- i, floor, no doubt, ought to be raised up, until the. f, return of warmer weather, but it should only ht- kept in this position while the comfort of the bees* require it. Two farther advantages are mentioned by Dr L. as being gained by this treatment. The hive- has always sufficient fresh air within, so as to save- the labor of some of the bees, which are allotted' in every close hive to perform the business of ven- Illation ; and the bottom of the hive being entire- ly open, the bees are not impeded by each other, in coming in or going out. A friend informs us, that by encouraging wretiit to take up their abode near beehives, they will e*. terminate the moths, if the h.ves are raised oi blocks, about two inches, so that the bees can pusK the moths out. oil,, t ,.~ . -— •-.Ao, e-=">-i- iiiciu Liiiinjfus inio me nymnh state • where aftpr second year , they are seldom kept by seedsmen | with granulated horns and a crooked proboscis THE SEASON. ' Mr. Fessenden— You have below a statement lofthetimeat which certain Trees and Shrub^ blossomed in this town the last four years. It will show the relative forwardness of those years, and enable you to compare this town with otbei places. Yours, D. W. ■ Worcester, June 17, 1827. Cherries .oo^.^i"""; ^"'''"- ^'"''- -^I'l''"- ^''""^ S'/ringot^ 1824 May 4, May 8, May 7, Mny 13, May2;j; June U 1825 Ap. 19, Ap.23. Ap.2(;. May 7, May 18, June I 182G May 4, May 6, May 7, Mayl4, May 14, May 31 1827 Ap. 20. Ap.2.3. Mav5, Mayl2, Mayl8, June 5 Isi"! itall Wlioi sler, ItlelL; iniiti It, lla lis stoi toil J llisklll fktpK %,6I Vol. V No. 4S- NEW ENGLAiVD I AiVlER. 383 he present alarming depression of the manu- ;urini; interest, and of coDscqueiicc the low cs of wool, and tlio want of a inurkot for ag- iltural proilcice, has given rise lo many meot- i of farmers and wool-growei*; ; and to the • giM!cral expression of a wish that Congress Id niaUe such a revision of the tariff, that the es on foreiirn woollen goods miiy be so in- iscd ns to afford an adequate protection lo this ich of our national industry. We give inser- wilh pleasure to the following invitation from 1. Elijah Paine, of Williarastown, Vt. THE FARMERS AND MANUFACTUR- ERS OF VERMONT. t a meeting of the Pennsylvania Society for promotion of Manufactures and the flicchanic 5, recently held in Philadelphia, it was deter- ed to call a meeting of che Farmers, Manufac- rs, and all others in Pennsylvania interested hose branches of industry : to be holden in nsylvania on the 27th of this month, to take consideration the present depressed state of iculture generally, and more particularly that wool and woollen manufactures. And it was immcnded that each state interested should t and send five delegates to attend a con- :ion to be holden at Harrisburgh, in the state ennsylvania, on the ,SOth day of July na.vt. o state is more interested in the important ob- 6 of that convention than the State of Vermont. D therefore requested to call a meeting of the ,ers, Manufactures, and all others interested, le holden at the court house in Rutland, on Unesday, the '-7th day of the present .June, at ■ilock, A. M. to take into consideration the de- ised stale of Agriculture and Manufacturers, also to consider the propriety of acceding to Pennsylvania rocommenditions. cannot be expected that every person inter- u can attend, but it is hoped that each town send at least one Delegate to the meeting at land. ELIJAH PAINE. ^illiamstown, June 8, 1897. large meeting of the Growers and Manufac- jrs of Wool in New Hampshire, was held at cord, N. H. on the 14th inst. Gov. Pierce was ed to the chair. The meeting was addressed Hon. Ichabod Bartlett, Col. Brewster, and T. ipple, jr. A series of resolutions were read on de[llalion of the ^ orksl.ire breed. These cattle bils the conclusion, tliat they are an '• accidental J-c much admired by fiirmers acquainted wit.'i v^ri^ty of our own native breed, of Devonshire '""■lem for their qualities for the dairy, for their extraction," and I am unwilling to concede so irength and hardihood, but above all for their mich to the advocates of native cattle. xcc-Uent symmetry, and their unrivalled disposi Ion to fatten at an early age, and upon the raos' luable joints. It seems that the right which (his Ireed has to the title of Yorkshire, is questioneJ |y very high authority. The Hon. John Lowell, report to the .Massachusetts Agricultpral j [ociety, (see N. E. Farmer, vol. iii. page 108, )j lays, " there is, I believe, no colour for this ap- 1 Jellation, we should prefer to call it the Westijiin I Iter breed, being satisfied tijat it is purely native." T am, sir, very respectfully, yours, &c. S. HOWARD. Zasion, June 19, 1827. Remarks by the Editor. — We agree in opinion Vvfiti Mr Howard, that the subject of his comrau- nicmon is of much importance ; and hope it will elicit the attention of well informed agriculturists In the same gentlen;an's report to the Socieij iu : wh) have in possession, or the means of ascer- 8'2G, (see N. E. Farmer, vol v. page lOti,) he sVy we award the first premium of f 30 to Mr Bojik- on, of Princeton, son ol Ward N. Boylston, filq. or I1I5 =:mall bull 14 months old. of the Westinin tcr breed, couit.iL.i.iy, and v,e feai, erroiiouusly ailed, the Yorkshire breed. They are, probably m accidental variety of our own native breed, of Devonshire e.vtraction." Being at the Brjuhton cattle show^ last year.and then knowing Mr. Low- 11'.' opinion, I enquired of Col. Watson, of Prince- ton, respecting their origin. This gentleman is well acquainted with tiie breed, ant' ow ned the ani mal which obtained the first premium for milch cows,and which was of this breed, and called by Mr Welles, " of our native stock." He inforniec) me that the root of this breed was a bull, importei.' from the district of Yorkshire, England, (the taining, facts relative to the breed in question. Periaps the following passage, quoted from Mr Lawrence's Treatise on Neat Cattle, may furnish a clue of '■"«"'= consequence in tracing the gene !yj^^y ol tlic raco of animals under considorcclon. " The extreme coarseness and size of the north- ern short horns led to the introduction of Norman or Alderney bulls, at some period of the eight- eenth century, with the precise date of which Ae ^e unacquainted. The improvement commenced ii Holdorncss, Yorkshire. Never was tiiero a ^ore fortunate cross. In no other country does fexi'.t so e.vcellei.t a breed of cattle, as those of Holdcrness, including all the useful properties. — D one, perhaps the most important respect, great Inilking, they are superior, and even without avals. Their beef is finer than that of the old known territory of "Improved Short Horns") to |ahort-horned breed, and they fatten much earlier some town, (I do not now recollect the name of fanri quicker, carrying still a vast depth of natural it.) in Maine — that a man hy the name of S;iwjer flesh, and tallowing within in the first degree. the town of VA'cstminster, being on a visit to that state, bought the animal at a great price, ind drove him horn!-. Hence he derived the names of the " Sauyer bull, and from the residfince of liis ovner, liis progeny receive the name .of the ' Westminster breed." Mr Boylston. (the sentleman who received the first premium for bulls) was present, at the con- versation, and his opinion concerning the origii of these cattle, coinciscd with ('ol. Watson's, l^ey both appeared somewhat surprised that any jer- Eon should imagine thi't the breed was in mlity nniiv. or an accidental v.iriety of the Devonslire,' Still, however, these men ma>i be inistaken.and Mr Lowell may be i orrect in his opinion of tieir origin. And these observations are respectuUy submitted to the public, in the hope that theymay be the means of eliciting more information 01 the They have both speed and strength enough for labour, and their shoulders are well formed and well posited for strength." It should seem that they have in England two kinds of short horned cat le ; the one the old northern short-horns, of whose " extreme coarse- ness and size" Mr Lawrence informs us, and the improved short horns which the same writer states were the product of a fortunate cross of the old short-horned breed with Norman or Alderney bulls, ^-c. If the '' Westminster breed" can be traced to a Yorkshire stock, it may be of some consequence to ascertain whether the stock was of the old or the improved race of short horns. It may be however that the old r.ice of coarse north- ern short-horns have been Improved in this coun- try by crossing with our native cattle of Devon- shire extraction. ^oven years past when I took possession of Riversdaie farm, I planted 30 peach trees in a grass lot which had not been ploughed for at least twenty years, and was very tough and bound The first and second year they did not grow the least, and ?ppex led as if they would soon die; my gardener wished to cut them down, as he thought them not woith removing, but I preferred trying an experiment with them ; which was to ' thiow about half a peck of well slacked lime (which had been exposed to the weather several months) rqund each : the following spring I was agreeably! surprised with theii very thrifty ap- pearance / they bore as many fine peaches as they could support, and though the ground had not been dug, it was perfectly loose four feet in cir- cumference round them : they grew very much that year, and have continued to produce mi- a grf the interest and happiness of man. The /ac< being so apparent, that the birds (not one particular species only, but every specL's of the smaller Wrds) will greatly assist man in tie destruction of insects, that I shall consider tie question as answered in the affirmative, withcut argument; and shall principally confine my fe- I marks at this time to the treatment which these little friends of man have heretofore, and stilldo I receive, in return for the valuable services whish | they render us. The present is a period that affords strong m- I dication of general inquiry, and a more refiaed taste for acquiring moral and intellectual improve- j ment, and the consequent enjoyments that are tlic result of a well cultivated mind : and as o..,- j,.|je happiness ia inseparably connected with our true interest, it becomes proper for us to duly consider those subjects which are calculated to promote and secure so desirable a boon. It has been truly painful, to a humane and re- flecting person, to witneso the wanton and indis- criminate destruction that has been made of the birds in many parts of this country, for more than fifty years past ; ,and I am sorry to state that the practice still prevails, of setting apart one day in each year, (usually the latter part of May,) for the express purpose of slaughtering as many birds as possible. This deliberate and exterminating war- fare is conducted as systematically as the nature of the service will admit. Some time previous to the day appointed, the young men and boys (and generally with the sanction of their parents, 'masters, or guardians.) meet in groups at different place.s, (all having the same object i'l view,) and appoint their leaders ; the different leaders (or captains as they are some- times called) then proceed to select from those who are willing to engage in the work of des- truction an equal number on each side ; an agree- ment is then made to meet at a certain time and place, (usually at some tipling shop,) and to bring ivith them the trophies of their exploits, then and there to be counted off — and the leaders, and those under them, stand pledged, each to the other, under a penalty of one or more gallons of j ardent spirits, that the party producing the least I Qumber of these innocent and unresisting victims, I shall be holden to pay the forfeiture. These pre- liminaries being definitively settled, and the appointed having arrived, the dawn of whicl announced by an almost incessant discharge musketry, so the carnage commences, aud gen ally continues with unabating fury for a numi of hours; and thus the birds (not being conscio of any offence to man, but on the contrary wot, instinctively fly to him for protection,) are ann ally destroyed by thousands, through the folly all indiscretion of mankind. There are two reasons which I have heard gr en by the advocates for the foregoing practic and which may bo urged in justification of v longer continuance, viz. the belief that the bin scratch up their corn, and that young person ought to have some days allotted to them for musement ; for they say that "all work and play will make Jack a dull boy." To both posi tions, if circumstances permit, I will remark i:i i future communication, relying on the candour o an enlightened community to shield me from tht IlES loestluli kiici)ili«' charge o( misantl'.ropy. A mind not perverted I W" and sunk in sensuality, cannot be insensible to thei vocal music of the feathered songsters of the or- chard and the grove, but will insensibly be led tff in( join with them in a ^ong of praise to Hui, whose tender mercies are over all his works, and whose: watchful care extends itself even to the sparrow, so "that not one of them falls without his notice." The goodness of the Creator is not manifested solely in the creation and preservation of the crea- ture man, but is abundantly displayed throughout all animal existence, from man down to the minu- test insect that crawls, as can be fully shewn from the adaptation of food, and other enjoyments, well suited to the varied tastes and capacities of all the distinct specie^. Philosophy teaches us that all parts of creation with which we have the least acquaintance, are nicely anJ. ..uijuurrun)- biitaiicea ; nor is this ba- huice discernible only in the planetary system ; it may be equally traced throughout the animal part of creation. Some further remarks upon the beauty aud util- ity of this balance, together with some of the evils which inevitably result to man from having this balance impaired, or destroyed, may be the sub ject of a subsequent communication. R. HOWARD. Easton, June 20/7i, 1827. iJ. AW lasltit^ wlei WHEAT AND RYE STALKS. Mbssrs. a. & C. Miner. — I Send you a stalk of wheat from the field of Esquire Henderson, at the Gap Tavern, the length (i feet 2 inches — it stnck ine as being rather uncommon ; the whole fiell is nearly of the same height Yours, respectfully, S. B Jme 11, 1837. Note by the Editors. — Our wheat crop is put- tingon the most promising appearance. The field of \r John .Marshall, East-Goshen, is one of the mosi luxuriant ever presented to thee.'e. That of Mr VVollerton, in this Borough, is as heavy as it canripen. The grass is generally excellent. — Weliave no lofty mountains sterile and sublime — no faming cataracts, to give grandeur to our land- scap;, but in all that is lovely and beautiful, the viewfrom the Cupola of our Court House, is not excejded in the wide world — even in the vales of ltal\ or the green fields of Old England. [Southern paper.] V6i. V No. 4S>- NEW ENGLAND FAlVlEK. 387 I'rom tilt .'Imcrican Farmer EASY METHOD OF I'RESKRVING AMMAL FOOD SWEET FOR SKVKRAL DATS IN THE HEIUnT (.F SUMMER. Mode of making the unclion to destroy ticks on Sheep, viz. Take one gallon of tar, put it in an iron kettle, over a slow fiio, until rcndereJ liquid : then hav- ing eight bounds of salt butter, liquidated in an- Veal, matton, beef, or venison, may be kept for i '^"o'hcr kettle, stirring them well together, Icav- 18 or ten days perfectly sweet and good, in the i '"^ff the salt of the butter at the bottom, tlicn in- (at of summer, by lightly covering the same I crease the fire, and make the tar and butter boil 1th bran, and hanging it in a high and windy | together, stirring them all the time ; after boilino-, lom ; therefore, a cupboard full of small holes, j Poir 't into any dish to cool. The next morning a wire safe, so as the wind may have a pas- ; '^h'' unction will be of a proper insipissation, and fe through, is recommciided to be placed in ht for use. 1^ a room, to keep away the flies. N.B. The next day after washing the sheep tliey arc sheared and no ticks will annenr until tho ivnnl TO PRESERVE GAME IN HOT WEATHER. , , •^■^"o >vi" aj>|)e.ir unill me WOOl „ ,. , J r I becomes long in October, and incommoded by Ganie or poultry may be preserved for a long ^^.^^^er damps and ill health, which are removed |me, by tying a string tight round the neck, so I jjy ^ ^g^y salving- to exclude the air, and by putting a piece ofj "one observation more seems necessary respec- larcoal into the vent. | Ung, the marine and nitrous salts, which are a- io swEETE.N' MEAT, FISH, &c. THAT IS TAINTED jbundant in Spain and England, compared with the When meat, fish, &c. from intense heat, or lono^ interior parts of America. Sheep and cattle in keeping, are likely to pass into a state of corrupt- i ^.f""" i*"*^ England will not lick salt, because the ion, a simple and pure mode of keeping them ""'" " "^ ,y breathe supplies them with all .und and healthful is, by putting a few pieces of "^'^•^f ^ salts ; but it is exactly the contrary at Iharcoal, each the size of an egg, into the pot or '""='/<^s, and in the interior part of America, laocepan, wherein the fish or flesh are to be boil- therefore,shepherds must supply their sheep week- d. Among others, an experiment of this kind ^ T^^ '"'"■'"® ^''"' °'' ^^"^^ '""" '"^^ "'eir health and lives. To ameliorate sheep and wool in America, this article must be strictly attended to. [Am. Parmer. vas tried upon a turbot, which appeared too far ■fone to be eatable ; the cook, as advised, put lihrec or four pieces of charcoal, each the size of an "gg, under the strainer, in the fish kettle ; after ooiling the proper time, the turbot came to table oerfectly sweet and firm. CHEAP FODDER. Having been informed of the advantages of using the tops of Indian corn, cut as rye straw, to 1-0 REMOVE THE TASTE OF TFRNips FROM niLK be mixed with potatoes or meal, as a food for OR BUTTiB. horses or cattle, I have been making the experi- The taste of the turnip is easily taken off milk I ment during the present winter. I find that my ond butter, by dissolving a little nitre in spring sattle thrive better on this fodder, than on rye water, which being kept in a bottle, and a small I straw, {cut and used in the same manner.) The .tea-cup full put into eight gallons of milk, when •warm from the cow, entirely removes any taste or ^flavour of the turnip. A Stalk of Rye, was brought by our Post- rider, last week from East-Nantemel, which grew in the field of Abraham Grubb, and measured eight felt ten inches in length. [Am. Farmer.] A Stalk of Rye from the plantation of J. Smed- ley, of Willistown, was shewn us, measuring 8 feelSi inches. Taller stalks have been measured, it is true, in Philadelphia, but the growth of this is extraordinary ; it shews the strength of vegeta- tion on highly cultivated lands tliis charming seas- on. [Ibid.] SHEEP. Mr. R. Parkin.ion's receipt for the cure of Foot Rot. corn stalk ceftainly contains a great quantity of farine substance, and must be highly nutritive. — Being cut and scalded with a small quantity of bran, they afford an excellent mess for milch cows. In the common way of foddering cattle with tops, the blades are greedily eaten, but stalks are wast- ed. By adopting the plan recommended, the whole affords a nutritive food. [Ibid.] create a very powerful current of air, which sweeps like a tempest over the surface of the li- quid. Every brewer knows the importance of rapid cooling. The worts are let down into the cooler at tlio boiling temperature, and the .stronger they are — and of course the more valu.iblc — the more difficult is the process of refrigeration. How the atmosphere acts upon them chemists have not very vvell explained ; probably it ia through the agency ' of electricity. But it is well known that the long- er the worts stand exposed to the atmosphere, the more they become what brewers call vapid ; that is to say, they lose more and more of their flavor, taste, and fermenting power ; and in certain states of the atmosphere, within less than the compass of a natural day, they are rendered absolutely useless. Now, a single fan of the dimensions we have described, placed in the centre of a cooler 25 feet square, will cool 30 barrels, or above 1000 imperial gallons of worts down to tlie required temperature [50 or G0°] in two hours. But to cool the same quantity in the old way, by the natural action of the atmosphere, would have required on an average, ten hours ; and during this period the worts which can now be drawn frem the cooler with their strength and flavor not sensibly impair- ed, would have been deteriorated to the amount of some per cents. — Hence the brewers hold that worts cannot cool too fast ; and that every hour's delay beyond what is absolutely necessary, injures the quality, and lessens the value. We may judge, too, from this fact, of the importance of the fans. Indeed, we know, that the skilful brewers consider their introduction as the greatest im- provement which the art of brewing has received lor along course of years. — JVew-York Eve. Gaz. IMPROVED METHOD OF COOLING WORT IN BREWING. One of the greatest improvements lately made in the process of brewing, consists in the intro- duction of Fanners, for the purpose of cooling the worts. The Fanners, or Fans as they are familiarly called, are of the simplest construction. There is an upriffht iron axis, to which four plate-iron A speedy and easy remedy for both prevention leaves are attached at right angles, to the shaft and cure. To prevent it, take lime from the kiln, and to each other. The distance from the outer spread it on the floor of a barn two or three in- extremity of one leaf to that of the other, or the ches thick, or in some convenient house, large diameter of the circle which the/ana describe, is enough to hold the flock likely to be afiected, about six feet. The leaf which is about eight or first cleansing the feet by paring the superfluous ten inches broad at the extremity, and a little nar- hoof, and with a sponge or old rag dipped in rower towards the axis, presents nearly a vertical chamber lye, wash the foot clean, then let the ipbne, but is slightly twisted. The axis works in sheep stand on the lime six or seven hours, if i a socket restin? on the floor of the cooler at the twelve the better. The cure, the same as above, base, and is driven by means of a pinion at the but the parts affected, alter paring and being top of the axis communicating with a steam en- Blackberry Sirup. — The present being not only a seasonable time to prepare this valuable medi- cine, but to recommend its usefulness, particular- ly among children afflicted with bowel complaints — a feeling mother offers the following recipe for public benefit : Take the fruit before very ripe, extract the juice, and to each quart add one pound of white sugar, skim and boil it about half an hour, when cool enough to bottle add a small tea cup full of brandy. From one to four table spoons full, may be taken frequently, as age and circum- stances require. — JVewburyport Herald. washed with chnniber lye, should have lime ap plied to the quick oi wounded parts, rubbing it on, and leaving as much on the hollpw or fore part as it will contain, then let the sheep stand on *he lime as directed above. [Ibid.] gine or horse machine. The worts generally stand four or five inches deep in the cooler, and the under edge of the leaves is about an inch, or rather more, above them. The fans, when in ope- ration, perform 120 revolutions in the minute, and Railway. — An improved Railway Carriage has been invented by Mr. Richard P. Morgan, of Stockbridge, which reduces friction so much that one horse may irawffty tons with ease on a lev- el road Friction is obviated at the axles, by means of four additional wheels, which operate as rollers on the ground axle — the friction wheels move once round, only, in going a quarter of a mile. A small model is placed for exhibition over the American Bank. But Mr. M. has proved his im- provement, it is said, upon a wagon of the common size. — Boston Patriot. The introduction of the potato plant into Prance, received, for more than two centuries, an tinex- ampled opposition from vulgar prejudices ; and it was not until Louis XV. who wore a branch of the flowers of the potato in the midst of the court, on a day of festivity, that the people f»r the first time yielded tkrough fashion to acknowledge it? value. 388 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 29, 1827. secure the ends botwcen the stalks ; by which simple msthod, the plant will be supported in an erect situation, and the fruit be preserved from the ravages of vcraiin, as well as from being soil ed on tue ground : 3. To promote the growth of the berries, the conliguous earth around the stocks ought to lie covered in the spring vviih tanner's waste : or, where this cannot be easily procured, with oyater-shells : thus, all weeds will be effec- tually suppressed, and an uniform beneticial moist- is not relished by cows ; arid is totally refused by lure uiay be ensured. Lastly, when the first rudi- horses and swine. meuts of the fruit appear, the soil ought to be The comuion strawberry is the parent stock carefully stirred by the hoe, and then manured From mUUh's Domestic Encychped'.a. STRAWBERRY, Or Fragaria \yesca\ a genus of plants, ccmpie- hending three species, two of which are indigen- ous ; but the principal is the vcsca, or Comuion Strawberry, growing in woods, hedges, and hol- low ways ; where its flowers appear in the mouth of May or June ; and are succeeded by small red fruit. The plant is eaten by sheep and goats, but cipally employed the iljpnuin triquelrum, or T: angular Feather-moss, which grows on damp me dovvs, fields, and liedges : it should, however, , remarked, that Dv Chf.sne, in all h'ln expcrimeut found It necessary to moisten the earth, or m(j several times every day, till the plants appeal above ground. i Lastly, M. Mallet has likewise (EiUiuthet PhysKO-Econoinique, for 17SI8) strongly support] this method cf propagating strawberries from seed ; and he observes that they should be cov9| 0 from which all the different varieties have been obtained by culture ; the most remarkable of these, are : 1. The IVood Strawberry, with oblong serrated leaves, and small while, round fruit. — 2. The Grten, or Pine apple Strawberry, which has re- ceived this name from its delicate flavor, resem- bling that of the Pine apple. — 3. The Scarlet or with the following composition, that will remarka bly contribute to its fertility. Take three parts of old rotten dung, one part of soot, and a similar portion of dry soap boilers' ashes ; nii\ them tho; - oughly, and spread this compost loosely by the hand, so that the newly moved ground may be au perficiully covered. There is another, and more advantageous, rae- rirginian Strawberry, which has also oval serrat- thod of propagating strawberries by the setd : it ed leaves, and bears a roundish berry, of a deep was originally recommended by Do Hamel, anil scarlet colour — 4. The Hauiboy or Mask Straw- ; has been carried to great perfection by Du Ches •if*' berry, is a native of America, but has long been raised in British gardens ; it is remarkable for its rough spear-sliaped leaves, and its large pale red fruit. — 5. The Chili Strawberry has oval, thick hairy leaves, large floweis, and firm beriies. — 0. The .-ilpine Strawberry, has small oval leaves, diminutive flowers, and oblong pointed fruit, of a moderate size. — 7. The Monthly, or Ever flower- ing Strawberry, originally a French variety, pro- duces very delicate 'ruit, generally pointed to- wards the top, and bulky below ; being in season from May to November ; the plant itself, howev- er, is very small, has diminutive leaves, and fur- nishes but few oS'sets for transplantation SE. The seeds, consisting of small, oblong, dark red-broivn grains, should be collected from the surface of the most perfect, ripe berries, which have almost become dry on the stalk ; and be pre- served till the succeeding spring ; when they ought to be uniformly mixed with a little dry mould, and sown in a loose rich garden soil, which is properly worked, and levelled with the rake. Ne.\t, it will be useful to sift finely pulverised earth, or rotten dung, over the beds, to the thick- ness of half-a-crown piece only, and to cover the whole with branches or boughs of fir trees. In the course of three weeks, the young plants will appear, when tlie cohering ought to be removed All the varieti?s of this vegetable are hardy, and the branches set upright along the borders of perennial plants, wliich flower in May and June producing perfect fruit in June, July, August and even till November. They may be propagated by planting off sets, or suckers, in any light, rich gar Jen-soil, where they annually yield abundant crops, if properly weeded, and supplied with moisture. Tiieir fertility, however, will be con- siderably increased, by transplanting them every second year into fresh beds, that Jiave previously been dug, or otherwise prepared for their recep- tion. A pine-board laid between the beds of Straw- berries, prevents the grov/th of weeds : tan, strewed on the walks, has the same effect. The Strawberry lives only four years. In making a new bed, care should be taken to avoid putting out any black roots, as all such have lost their vegetative pow.'r. As the strawberry is one of the most exhausting pl'nts, and requires ample nourishment, all weeds growing in its vicinity should be carefully remov- ed. Hence it »vill be found, that the earth, in which an old stock has grown undisturbed for several years, on diirging up its roots, in a man- ner resembles wood ashes : because it is depriv- ed of all the soluble parts. Without entering into a niiriute account of the culture of this useful plant, we shall briefly re- mark, 1. That the most proper season for trans planting strawberries, is in the month of August ; when they will have sutficient time to take root before the winter: 9. That it is not advisable either to clip or break off the superfluous shoots, but to wind them round the principal stem, and the beds, in order to shelter the tender sprouts from the influence of the meridian sun. Others sow the strawberry-seed in August, and protect the young germs with mats suspended over the beds, by means of poles. The plants, thus raised, ought to be carefully weeded and watered : those reared in the spring, may be transplanted in the autumn of the same year ; but, when sown in the latter season, tney must remain in the seed bed till ihe following summer. This mode of cultiva- ting strawberries possesses many advantages over the usual practice : thus, it will be easy to obtain the inost delicate foreign sorts, of which it would otherwise be difficult to procure off-sets ; nay, by sowing the seed of degenerated sorts, together witli those of superior fruit, many new and excel- lent varieties will result from such combination. Dc Chesne has made the following curious e.v- pe'iments, on the propagation of strawberries from tneir seeds : He directed the water in which this fruit had been washed, before it was used at table, to be thrown in a shaded corner of his gar- den, where the soil had been manured with rot- ten branches and leaves : in this manner, he ob- tained '-ery beautiful plants for an extensive piece of ground. On covering the beds, over which such seed had been scattered, with connected pieces of the moss growing on trees, and remov- ing the latte.-, when the plants had acquired 2 or eiily if* el, »' |l((01li»'' jpliiiei islspMi ed with straw, or light branches of trees, and bb gularly watered two or three times in 24 hou^ to ensure a plentiful crop : the covering ought be re(noved only after ^the plants have dcquir^i ihu fourth leaf; and the irri_;ation should be coi tinued till the latter end of June. He conclu with remarking, tliat slravvberries thus' raised e.\tremely productive ; and, if planted on bi Jive feet wide, are greatly superior to those proi ced from offsets, or suckers, In situations, liowever, where early strawbi ries are an object of attention. Dr. Andkrson reels them to be planted in pots which may be raPL^ed in flat pans made of milled iron; and thel again p aced on a wooden fratne,sii!Bciently stroo] to support their weight. From each corner such frame, a rope is to be passed upward a pally fixed to the rafters of a iiot-house, col st iicted i>c;ording to his plan, whence the rojK may be drawn hori'.ontally to other puUies fix in a similar manner, and to be carried from thei over a cylinder turning upon an axis ; so that th^ij isot whole of the frame, together with the pots and I pans, may be elevated, or lowered, at pleasure.— Thus the pots may be raised till they are broughl closely under the glass of the ceiling : whichj-be-jr- iitn ing the warmest part of the building, will causi the plants to vegetate with tho greatest iuxuri.«ji ance. He farther observes, that the pots may bi supplied with water, by pouring it into the pansj without lowering them ; and as the berries gradu. ally ripen, they may he gathered, and the framei again suspended. [To preserve Strau-herry Plants from the heat oj the Sun, &.c. — Sir Joseph Banks, from a variety of experiments, and the experience of many years, recommends a general reviral of the now almost obsolete practice- of laying straw under strawber- ry plants, when the fruit begins to swell ; by which means the roots are shaded from the sun, the waste of moiiture by evaporation prevented, the leaning fruit kept from damage, by resting on the ground, particularly in wet weather, and much labour in watering saved. Twenty trusses of long straw are sufiicient for 1800 feet of plants. T. C.]' Directions for lyianaging Slrdwberries in Sum- mer.— On the management of strawberries in June and July, the future prosperity of them greatly depends ; and if each plant has not been kept separate, by cutting off the runners, they will be in a state of confusion, and you will find three different sorts of plants 1. Old plants, whose roots are turned black, hard, and woody. 2. Young plants, not strong enough to flower. 3. Flowering plants, which ought only to be 3 leaves, he obtained excellent crops. In March, i there, and perhaps not many of them. I7(i4, strawberry-seeds were scattered on patches Before the time of flowering is quite over, ex- of moss I'Gaicau.r rfe mousse), in pots placefl un amine them, and pull up every old plant which der the windows of a hot-bed : these afforded the ; has not flowered ; for, if once they have omitted most vigorous plants. For such purpose, he prin-jto flower, you may depend upon it they will never Vol. v.— No. 40- NEW ENGLAND FAiVlER. 3sgi idcce any idler, being too old, and past batar- ' ; but to bo fully convinced, leave two or three, ' a stick to thein. and observe Ihcin next year, f the young plant.s, runners of last year, be too cU, take some of them away, and do not leave •m nearer lb m a foot of the scarlet, alpine, and od, and fifteen or si.xtccn inches of all the lar- r sorts ; and in the first rainy weatlier in Jul? August take them all up, and make a fresa ntution with them, and they will be very stronf mts tor flowering no^;t year, n old beds, even if the plants be kept single at •ir proper distance, e.-caniine an I pull all the . plants which have not Oowored. When the jjt is nearly all gathered examine them again, [d cut oft" the runners but if you want to uiaKe Fresh pluntation, leave some of the two first, and t off all the rest. Then stir up the ground with rowel, or three-pronged fork, and in August ey will be fit to transplant. If you have omitted in July, do not fail in Au- iSt, that the runners may make good roots to be msplanled in September, for, if later, the worms ill draw them out of the ground, and the frost terwards will prever.t them striking root ; the )nseqaence of which is their not flowering tho xt spring ; and you will lose a year. ; NEW INVENTION'. ! Mr Richard P. Morgan, of Stockbridge in this ate, has invented a Railway Carriage, which so iduces the friction that one horse can draw Ifty »ns on a level road, with perfect ease. The in- sntion has been tested by actual experiment.! A Dund weight was suspended over a pulley, ind ttacfacd to the carriage, which moved quicMy wen hundred pounds. The friction is overcoiie i the axles, by means of four additional whems thich operate as rollers on the ground a.vle, while He friction wheels move round but four times in ling one mile. — Lmcdl Journal. SILK. A French botanist says, that the leaves of let- ce, the rose, bramble, dandelion, hop, hemp and jg will keep silk worms alive, though they will (Ot enable it to produce silk. According to this Titer, it is the resinous matter contained in mul- errv leaves, which, under^oinir a cliange in the tomach of the worm, enables it to form silk. Ibid. I From the .Vtio Edinburgh Sncj/clopcedia. GR4SS LANDS. ' Notwithstanding the many arguments brought forward by farmers of the highest merit and char- acter, in favour of the system of convertible hus- bandry, and by which tliat system woul i be ex- tended over the whole of the meadows, it may .still he made clear to those who take a liberal and extended view of agriculture, and allow the evi- dence of observation and facts, — that old grass lands, when maintained in a rich and productive state, are more valuable than the same lands would he in tillage ; and there is hardly any farmer pos- sessed of live stock, who does not concur in think- ing, that every farm should possess a portion of old grass or meadow land, as a valuable accom- modation. We do not deny that grass lands, when they become covered by moss, ought to be either cured of that weed, or broken up for tillage ; and in- deed the latter mode of treating them is the bet- ter remedy ; cultivation turning the moss plants into manure for corn. Neither would we say, that the manure which is required for corn lands ought in reason to be applied to old grass ; though such mismanagement is certainly too common 2ven in England. The proper system of management for old grass lands is, to preserve them rich and fertile by means of such manures as may be applied without litninishing the supplies of manure wanted for the tillage lands ; thus furnishing ample stores of the best grass and hay for live stock, and thereby adding ultimately to the farm-yard manure for corn likewise. The superior value of old grass is well known, and has been generally acknowledged. Every giar.ior is well acquainted with the fact ; experi- •encc discoverinsT that in pasturage it feeds sreat- er numbers of animals to better purpose and in [shorter time ; and that, for the purpose of being I cut into hay, it stands thicker than any new grass on the soil. Few actual farmers are at much trouble to in- FOR SCOURING PAKTY-COLOURED V. OOLEN, AS CARPETS, ilEARTH- RL(jS &c. It is customary with those engaged in the scour- ing trade to have a large scouring board ; the- narrowest part of the carpet is first pulled on tho table, and, according to t.'ie colo irs that are in tho carpet, either gall or soap must be used, and sometimes botli. Carpets arc generally drawn across i table or scouring board, and a piece of soap is rubbed on every spot of grease or dirt. If tlie soap is very hard, it is customary to have a bowl of hot water by your side, to dip it into The carpet must first be well beaten before it is brought to the scouring board, after all the spots have been soiped. lay the part which was first soaped upon or across the table ; then t:ike a hard brush dipped in boiling water, and holding the brush by the middle, with the arm extended in front of the body, so as to have, your full strength,, rub the spots until the dirt is extracted. This is to be continued all over the carpet till the dirt is out. — If the carpet is very dirty, a solution of soap, as for blankets, must be put in a scouring tub, with hot water, then put in your carpet, and beat it out ; aftervvards rinse it in as many dif- ferent clean waters as in may require. In the last rinsing water,put a table spoonful of oil of vitriol ;. it will brighten the colours, and make the carjiet look clear, especially when reds and greens are ia it. [American Farmer.] ( ' TIGHT DRESSING. Stomacfi boards stiffen the body and destroy the easy and graceful motions for which it is by nature so admirably fitted; they moreover tend much to the displacement of parts which in their natural situation and form add greatly to female beauty. Tight lacing with or without stomacli boards, prevents the free motion of the ribs neces- sary to easy breathing, confines the lungs and diminishes the chamber in v'bich the heart beats as it fills with blood, and frequently interrupts its action and produces fainting, Irom this practice arises difficult breathing, palpitation, acute or low ^ r" ^^1'\"' """"^'°' ""^ '"• '"""'." ^""'"'"' ■■" '" linflaminatorv actions which are liable to result in vestigate the reasons on whv'h this met depends. ,, . „ . ■ • l -j But it may be satisfactory here briefly to remark. To raise Turnips among Corn Sow about one .int of turnip seed to the acrs. on or about the list of July, either before or after the last har- owing ; top the corn as soon as ripe enough, and lusk it as soon as the corn will admit; cut down ind bear off the stalks, to let the sun upon the tur- lips, and the sweetness of the fodder will com- jensate for the labour. Take in the turnips about he middle of December. By pursuing these di- rections, corn of 40 bushels to the acre will pro- luce 80 or 100 bushels of turnips at the. same time ; these for milch cows and sheep will be of particu- lar importance. — Trenton Emporium. that a perennial sward of grass consists of such plants as are conjenial to the soil, and have cot the better of intruders, of course, thriving better in their natural place ; that these beinj of great variety, and feedinsr at various depths, occupy the whole soil, and are found g'owin^ in full viior, though in much greater closeness and numbers ; that their mature age r' nders them more effec- tive and perfect in quality; and that a firm con- solidated soil thus covered, is not nearly so much hurt by the trampling of beasts on it as a soil just laid down from tillage would necessarily be. T^f third time. — The facetious Dr B. of W — r, having inadvertently preached one of his sermons for the third time, one of his purishioners having observed it, said t'^ in after service, " Doctor, Ihis sermon, having hw three several readings, I move that it now be passed. From the Zion's Herald. CURE FOR FELONS. The following is a cure for Felons : — Take quick, or unslacked lime ; slack it in soap ; bind on a plaster of it the size of a small bean ; change it every half hour for three hours. This will draw it out, and leave the bone and joint perfect- ly sound. Having tried the experiment on my- self and others and never having known it to fail, I think it may be recommended to the public. THOMAS G. BROWN. Boston, June 16, 1837. adhesions of contiguous parts, pain in the side, cough and consumption. This practice has its ef- fects, too, ilpon the organs in the upper part of the abdomen, particularly the stomach and liver. — Compressi^m, hero exerted, impedes the delicate process ffoing on in those orjans, the natural and easy condition of which is essential to health. In this \\ ay a foundation is laid for dyspepsia, with its train of attendants, wind belchine, heart-burn,, hypochondriasis and ilyspeptic consumption. When tight lacini: is adopted, as it etteii is at the age of 1 1, 12 or 13. its mischievous effects are in a great measure irremediable. The capacity of the chest is permanently diminished, so that dur- ing the natural growth of thor^e parts which are confined, the lungs are prevented from evolving to their natural and necessary extent, thus est.-jb- hfihing- a permanent disproportion between the greater and lesser circulations. This dispropor- tion generates derangement of function in vital orirans. which tends to produce a diseased struc- ture that medicine cannot remove. — Med. Intel. On Saturday last there were lying in our har- bor sixty-four vessels, making an aggregate of ovet- 7000 tons of shipping, all actively employed in loading or dischargicg. [Bangor Reg.] 390 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 29, 1827 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 1827. FINE STRAWBERRIES. Samuel G. Perkins, Esq. of Boston has present- ed to the Editor of the N. E. Farmer, a parcel of Strawberries, which for size and flavor were very far superior to any fruit of the kind we had ever before seen. They were raised by Mr Perkins on his estate at Brookline, from plants,\vhich were juring their roots. After ploughing, the rows to be cleared of weeds with the hand hoe, and little fresh earth brought into contact with the/ "At the next hoeing, and .all after hoeings^ our common husbandry, the furrows are ti turned towards the rows, so as to form a henti or trench, in the middle of each interval cross the furrows last made, that the land ma- the more thoroughly pulverized. This opera,! themselves freely in search of their food, at the same time keeping up a fermentation, by which the vegetable food is concocted, and brought into contact with the roots. For this purpose the deeper land is hoed the better. But hoeing should cease, or be only superficial, when the roots are so far extanded as to be much injured by hoeing. They will bear a little cutting without injury. — For where a root is cut off, several new branches will come in its place. To render the soil more i carries the share of the plough farther froral open and porous, so that it shall greedily drink in, roots, and at the same time aifords plenty of frl originally presented to him by the London Horti- 1 the nightly dews, and that rain may not run off, earth about the plants ; which must be finigli cultural Society. Some of the berries which we | but readily soak as it falls, and be retained. Ac- 1 with the hand hoe. But if, in ploughing, any i received were nearly two inches in diameter, and I cordingly, the more and oftener land is hoed, the the plants should chance to be covered, they mu^ about six inches in circumference; and Mr Per- more moisture it retains, the better it bears be set free without delay. , ,jsi»iil" kins informs us that one which grew on the same | drought, and the more its plants are nourished. — I "At the last hoeing, either of Indian corn, om ti;i* vines measured more than two inches three-tenths ' Another design of hoeing, and which has not been any thing that is planted in hills, as it is vulji fslhojeol in diameter ! They were of the kind denominat- ; enough attended to, is to nourish plants by draw- larly called, it is best to make but one furrow i iij;ltiej ed the Downton Strawberry, so named from the i ing fresh soil near to them, the effluvium of which an interval, and to pass the plough both ways, o estate of Mr Knight, the famous English horticul- enters the pores above ground, and increases cut the ground into squares with the plough, p lite W aofnitw" tiheW lie 5KS turist, who first raised this variety from the seed, and introduced it to public notice. The fruit is shaped like a cock's comb, and is very delicious. We thus have proof,ocular, tangib]e,and palatable, that the breeds of vegetables, as well as of ani- mals may be improved by judicious selection,prop- er crosses and due attenticn to the other items of scientific management. ON HOEING CROPS, nnMEDIES FOR DROUGHT, &C their growth. At the same time, earthing o' rather with the cultivator. This leaves the rootl; tie lo' plants makes them stand more firmly, and incroas- i the more room, and less work will remain to bnltiKMili es their pasture in the spots whore the roots most i done with the hand hoe. " Litosii abound, and prevents the drying of the earth down "If the horse be weak, or the ground hard an* ;fe if to the roots. " But earthing or hilling of plants should be done with caution. Hilling excessively is hurtful, as it does not permit the roots to have so much benefit from the rains, and too much hinders the The best season for hoeing good land, is, two i^^,"*"" "l,^^^ sun upon the lowermost roots.- or three days after rain has fallen, or as soon after ! Whatever hilling is done should be done by little as the soil will not adhere to the hoe, when at I '^"^ ''"f ' ^* ^''"^"^^ hoeings, that the roots may work. Light, dry lands, indeed, may be dressed | gradually and easily accommodate themselves to at almost anytime; but the season for hoeing | ^^e alteration of their condition. Lastly, frequent strong, cky soils, is very frequently short and pre- > lioeing serves to prevent the standing of water on carious. Hence it will be useful to point out the j ^^^ surface, so as to chill the grouid, and check proper juncture. There is a period between the time of the clay-soils running together so as to form puddles, in consequence of superfluous moist- stiff, it may be needful to let the plough go twice in a place, which makes four times in an intervali For the plough should go as deep for hoeing, at in any other ploughing, or else the intention of j: will be partly defeated ; which is to keep thai quantity of soil light and mellow from which the plants are to draw the most of their nourishment." '• We apply horse hoeing to Indian corn, whsDt the ground is well cleared from obstacles, and< could not be easily persuaded to neglect it. Ev- ery farmer knows how much it saves labour, andr that the crop is increased by it. Why then will they not be persuaded, by all that has been expe- rienced, and written, by some of the wisest far- «ssi mers, to apply this method of culture to any otheT'tlira plants .' I have no doubt it might be done with* 111 eqaal advantage. Indeed we cultivate but few(j it plants in tillage, for which this kind of culture^ Die would be improper. In Europe, they horse-hoe< iisi all kinds of grain, and even some kinds of grasS' all fermentation in it, "When all the hoeing between rows of plants __ is performed with the hand hoe, the labour is se- ure, anT't^at Vf"The?r'7o'nsoiidatrng ^"nTo" hlVd I ^f^"' and moro expensive to the owner ; and the cakes from great drought, when they are suffi. pl='"t3W'll.o° the whole, receive far less advau- ciently tractable. This is the proper season ; aad t^gc from hoeing. Therefore, where land is tol- whatever land is then hoed will not cake togeth- "^''''y free from obstacles, I would earnestly re- er till it has been again penetrated by rain, in fommend that the hoe plough, or the common which case the operation is to be repeated at the ^^"^"^ P'°"g''' '"^'""^ answers nearly the same end, time just mentioned, and as oflen as is necessary, ^^ """f "f^ ' ^^"^ ^^^ earth stirred with it to a till the growing crop begins to cover the soil ; 2°°"^ "^^P*"'; ^""^ frequently, during the proper when it will in a manner screen the surface of ^s'^""" °^ hoemg, which is the former part of the land against the intense heat of the sun ; and summer, but varies with respect to different crops, consequently in a great measure prevent the in- ""^ plough, called a cultivator, has been con- conveniences attendant on the consolidation of the structed, with two mouldboards, which turns t!ie soil, durinir dry weather. "'""'" ''°'" ^^'^^'^ ''' °^^'^^' towards each of the two " HoeinI is used for four purposes, sometimes """"'^ between which it passes. But as it requires together, but commonly separate ; first, to loosen '^°"' *'''"' ""^ '"'"'' ^o draw it in stiff groun weeds so as they may die for want of nourish- 1 *"'° '""ows made with a hoe plough, or horse | der plants, by drawing the scalding hot earth close ment, or be gathered or raked off, for which pur- ! P'°"S'i, according to the customary practice, may , to their stems. But the opinion entertained by pose, either the thrust or draw hoe may be used ; ''"swer full as well. When the soil is light and j many, that no hoeing at all should be done in 8 the second, to stir the soil, and for this purpose, '"<^"°W' '<■ will be a saving of time to use this cul- I dry season, is irrational and ridiculous. They de- when no weeds require killinff, the pronged hoe t'^^'o"" ' ^"^ t^o work will be done with more re- prive their land of the benefit of the dew, by nog- is preferable, as being thrust deeper with less force, and as likely to cut the roots of the plants; the third is to draw up or accumulate soil about the stems of plants, for which purpose a hoe with a large blade or shovel will produce most effect ; and the fourth is to form a hollow gutter or drill, in which to sow or insert the seeds of plants, for which a large or small draw-hoe may be used, ac- cording to the size of the seeds to be buried. — Jaijet liijjili illle vail) leij t! letcive Sthof I tee " In a dry season, or in land that is in no dai> ger of ever being too wet, it is advisable to hoi only in the morning and evening. And if farmers will work as early and late as they can, they may afford to desist, and rest tliemselves from nine till four, when the air is hottest. The ground will get and retain the more moisture which is thus hoed early and late. And in the middle of some of our hottest days, there is danger of hurting ten- tivator ; and the work will be done with more re- gularity and neatness, if guided with skill and due care. The usual method of horse hoeing is as follow? : At the first hoeing, turn the furrows from the rows, so that they form a veering, or ridge, in the intervals between the rows. The plough should pass as near to the rows as may be with- out danger of eradicating or disturbing the plants ; for it is best that tke soil be loosened as near to the roots as possible : Because when they are ten- der and weak, they will extend their roots b The use of the hoe for any of the above purposes requires dry weather." , Deane's New England Farmer says that"hopintr ''"'" ' '""' "'^f'' »'" ^<^ "o opportunity a.fterwar.ls is of use " to keep the soil from becoming too «/ P'o"ghing and extending the earth so near to compact, which prevents the roots extending ; them, without too much danger of tearim' and iii- lecting to hoe it, suffer it to be overrun with de- structive weeds, which rob the plants of most of their nourishment, and allow the ground to be so compacted and hard, that the rain when it comos will not penetrate it. This strange opinion v, ill occasion muah loss to those whose conduct is in- fluenced by it. " CUTTING GRASS FOR HAY. In the cutting of grass crops for the purpo ^^' being converted into h.iy, it is necessary thr.t tucy be in the most suitable states of growth and ri.:ii.u- litv, for affording the best and most nutritious t'od- (ler. With this view they should neither be cut at too early a period, or suffered to stand too long; Vol. v.— No. 4i). NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 391 the former case 'liere will be considerable in drying from -lie produce bcinn: in so soft wreen a condi''0"i »"'^ '" "'O latter from a ; proportion ri the noiirishino; properties being nded. Gr-ss when mown before it comes in flower viiilc the rich saccharine juice is in retiiini^ "t tlio joints of the flower-stonis is e uost proper condition for being; cut down, tfut period it must contain the largest pro- f»i of nutritious materials, but which then be- to be absorbed, and taken up in proportion as owers e.xpand, and the seeds ripen, so as to itute the meal or starch of the seed lobes, and her dispersed on the land, or fed upon by ; the gr;;ss stems with their leaves being a a similar situation to that of the straw of d grain. But there are other circumstances 8 those of ripeness, to be attended to in dc- ning the period of cutting crops of grass, aa mo cases when they are thick upon the d the bottom parts become of a yellow color 3 the flowering fully takes place ; and on circumstances it will often be the best prae- 0 mow as soon as the weather will possibly ; for if this bo neglected, there will be danger of its rotting, or at any rate of its ing a disagreeable flarour, and becoming of ittle value. Whore grass is very tall, as is the case in moist meadows, it is liable to fall and lodge, by which the same effects are ced. — Loudon. fetj remarkable description is given from liverpool Chronicle, of two shocks of Liglit- feceived by the packet ship New York, on th of April, when three days from N. York, late passage to Liverpool. The first shock It half past 5 o'clock in the morning, when .ssengers were in their births. It was ex- lly violent, shattered the mast head, penc- I; the deck, and passed to the water by two ire branehes, one of which passed through ore room and ladies' cabin, shattering many 5 as it passed. The ship was on fire in seve- ices, but the fire was soon extinguished by iin, which fell in torrents, mixed with hail. hip had a chain conductor on board, but aa ; not a season for expecting thunder storms, not up. After this storm, however, Capt. ;t ordered it to be raised to the main royal bead, and brought down to the water. At 2 Ik in the afternoon another storm came on, he ship again received a violent shock, which B thoMght, but for the conductor, would have !her to the bottom. The conductor itself, 1 consisted of links of iron a quarter of an hick, was rent to atoms, ai.d fragments of it scattered on deck. The ship was filled with 2 and a sulphureous smell ; sou>e of the men struck, but none were severely iniarod [Salem Gazette.] Massachusetts gentleman, in Baltimore, late ote that he had intended to send a fashion iat to his daughter, but was afraid to ven ton the deck of the packet, and could not f! down the liatrhway. [Ibid.] lack-driver in New-York ran over and killed ( d last week. It seems he was driving a gen- "3 n who begged him to stop, but the unfeeling said they ought to take care of their chil- ■< He has been arrested and is in Bridewell. The late tripoftho Tecumseh, says the Cincin- nati Register, opens ii wide field for speculation, on the subject of steam boat navigation. This powerful boat made the voyage from Louisville to New-Orleans, and back again in 15 days, having remained at Orleans two days, which leaves 13 days for the actual running time. This is equal to '230 miles per day ; as she came up in eight days two hours, she must iiave descended in four days U'i hours, — It is probable that in the present state of the steam Engine, this rapidity cannot be much increased, as all the space which can be spared for this purpose, is now on our large boats, filled up with boiler. — VVIiat effect will be produced by the application of Mr. Perkins' principle, is yet to be tried. The bones of an animal, calculated when alive, to have measured twenty-five feet round the body and one hundred and Ihirlij feet in length, were ex- liibited in New-Orleans on the 1st of April The bones were discovered some time since in one of the prairies near the mouth of the Mississippi. The cranial bone, which is among the collection, weighs twelve hundred pounds. They are justly considered a great natural curiosity. A gentle- man at N. Orleans has furnished the editor of the Charleston Courier with a scientific description of them. He says — " of the nature or species of this monster we have yet to learn. It has been conjectured that it was amphibious, perhaps of crocodile species and in this opinion I certainly concur. " — Manufacturers If Farmers Journal. Mr Southworth Howland, of West Brookfield, Ms. (says a Worcester paper,) has succeeded in lemedying the evils occasioned by the amputation of limbs. The substitutes are made with joints in the toe, ancle and knee. They are worn with ease and appear natural. They have been proved by many individuals, and in all cases have com- pletely answered the purpose for which they are intended. Hingham Iron Foundry. THE sukscriber having erected a Furnace for the castinj of fRON, in Hingham, and having procured raithlul and experienced workmen, is now ready to re- ceive and exeeule orders for Machinery an«l other Castings on th»most liberal terms for cash or credit. — ['articular attention being paid to the quality of the Iron, as well Qs the execution of the work, he hopes to jlve full satisfaction to those wh» favsur him with their patronage. Orders promptly and faithfully executed on applica- tion to .1. R. NEWELL, No. 0'.' North Market street, or the subscriber in Hingham. BENJ. 'i'HOM AS. Shop 6T»VESof a superior pattern, for sale as ab»Te. Grammatical Chart. .lust Published by JOHN MARSH, N»s. 9S & 9C State street, Hurd's Grammatical Chart, or Private Instructer of the English Language. Second edition, with Additions and Improvements by the Author. (Cj^Committees and Teachers of schools are invited to call orst.nd for a copy of this work for examination. epistf. June 15. E. PUTNA.M No 12 Washington Street, has for sale. Watches, Jewelry, Combs, Taney Goods, Gold Bead.s and Silver Spoons, (warranted) which he will sell low for cash. E. P. will sell what Military Goods he has on hand cheaper than they can be boujht in the city, being de. tormincd t* close this part of his business this season Intemperance. — Hugh King, a soldier, was exe- cuted at St. Louis, on the 27th May, for the mur- der of Martin Green. At the place of execution' he delivered a neat speech, and among other ad- monitory remarks are the following : " ! ^;an trace most of my overt acts of wickedness to intempe- rance. The influence ,of arder^l spirits has been to destroy my reason for the time being. I often had a faint, and sometimes no recollection of things that transnir-^d when I was partially intox- icated, I have no recollection of killing Sergeant Green, nor of firing a^un that day, nor of many things which are said to have transpired about thi>/itime. I had been for several days under the influence of liquor ; yet I do not plead this as any justification of my crime. From the testimony of otheis, I can have no doubt but that I shot Green, though I never harboured ill-will against him. — According to the laws of God and my country, I have forfeited my life. " Christian Freeman. HUNT & STIMSON, Booksellers. No. 8 Court St. have become agents for the Old Hampshire Post & Christian Freeman, printed in Northampton. As a part •f this paper is devoted to the inculcation of liberal views of Christianity ; the Editor and Propri- etor hopes to tbtain, a share of the patronage of those in the Metropolis, favourable to those views. Ju»e29, 18CT. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening! FROM APPLES, best, aSHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - . . BEAN;^, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimraed milk, - - FLAX FLAX SEED' FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, - - . Rye, btst, ... GRAIN, Rye Corn - ... Barley - . - - Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at rORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover .... WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 & i do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort Spinning, 1st sort PROriSIO.r MARKET. BEFI, b<'?t pieces - - - - PORR, frch. best pieces, - , whole hogs, - - ■ VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, ...... BUTTER, keg k tub, - lump, best, - . EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - . Indian, do, - . - ■ POTATOES, - - CIDER, liquor, (new) - - ■ bbl 3 50 ton. 80 00 82 50 95 00 97 00 bush 1 62 2 00 bbl. 9 25 9 50 8 12 8 37 6 75 7 25 lb. 12 13 7 10 3 6 bush 90 1 00 bbl. 5 50 5 62 5 00 5 2& bush 80 60 1 OO 43 lb. 9 10 10 15 cask 7(1 90 gal. 77 78 ton. 2 75 3 OO bbl. 13 00 14 00 10 75 11 50 111 60 11 00 bush 1 75 2 00 lb. 8 H 33 45 20 25 28 34 25 30 20 26 33 37 25 30 28 32 lb. « 8 0 51 H s 5 lO 10 l2 13 U le \' hush 80 '9' 85 90 25 30 bbl. 2 00 3 07 892 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. June 29, 1837. j>axt^OJS3:,Ju^.if.zi:s. ^^ LAW AND WAR. At a late meeting of gentlemen under a com- mission of bankruptcy at Andover, England, some disagreement arose between Mr Fleet and Mr Mann, both respectable Solicitors, whicli producea a challenge from tlie former. The latter returned the following answer. The last stau/.a but one will be more perfectly understood when it is known that Mr Mann has a wife and children, and that Mr Fleet is a bachelor. — Boston Courier. TO KINGSTON FLEET. ESQ. 1 am honored this day, sir, with challenge! two The first from friend Langdon, the second from you ; As the one is \oJigkl, and the other to d/n.e. I accept his •' engagement," and yours must decline. Now in gKing this preference, I trust ynn'll admit I have acted with prudence, nnd done what was fit, Since encountering him and my weapon a knile, There is some little chance of preserving my life, Whilst a bullet from vou, sir, might take it away, And the maxim you know, is to live while you may. If, however you still suppose I ill treat you, By sternly rejecting this challenge to meet you, Bear with me a moment, and 1 will adduce Three powerful reasons by way ©f excuse : In the first place, unless I am grossly deceived, I mysell'am in conscience the party agg-iieved ; A»d therefore, good sir if a challenge ntusl be, Pray wait till that chsllenje be tendered by me. Again, sir, I think it by far the m»re sinful. To stand and be sh»t at, than to sit for a skinfull ; From whence you'll conclude, (as I'd have you mdced) That fighting composes not part of my creed ; A»d my courage, (which, though it was neTer disputed. Is not, I imagine too, too deeply rooted) Would prefer that its Fruil. sir, whate'er it may yield. Should app ar at " the Table,'''' and not in "Me Field." And lastly, my life, be it never forgot, Possesses a value which ynuie, sir does not, So I mean to preserve it as long as 1 can, Being justly entitled " a lamily Man ;" With three or four children (I scarce know how many,) While you sir, have not, or ouj^hi not to have, any, Besides, that the contest would be too unequal, I doubt not will plainly appear by the sequel ; The beginning and end oj f/ciiour.— Iphicra^ ^ shoulder and listening attentively to what youl say. You will then speak prudently, and with due tiie son of a shoemaker, vis.% r»proached' by a:^ regard to his charaster. generate descendant of IlarniolJus for the me4 a. As far as possiule, when you come to be your ncfd of his birth. "Truc,"said '-riliicrates "H own masters, avoid contracting debts — try to do dignity of my family hi'nins with IPfc. while thatJ^' without every thing you cannot pay for, and when yours terminute.i with you." prudence requires the contracting of a debt, be i punctual to tlie nay in paying it. Your affairs will I Dreams. — to ureaui, audio remembr then never get into confusion — you will always ' dream, is a forerunner that you were not wyj know e.\actly how you stand with the world. J nor very sound asleep, when yon dreamed 3. Set a high value on your ivord in all things tell your dreams, prognosticates that you be sure you make never a promise that you arc be better employed. For a young lady to d not morally certain of being able to perform. — ! very panirularly of any certain young gentlei The higuest compiunent your neighbors can be-lforetels that she.purchased her list flat to a stow on you will De to say — " his word is as good ' his attention. To dream of happiness shows as his bond — you may place implicit faith in what you will probrbly bo disappointed when you a he says." . Signs. — To hear a death-watch, denote, 4. Always be revidy to do an act of kindness there is a little insect near you. To see stri when you can do il consistently with all your sljhts isasitnthat there is something to other obligations. .And always do it cheerfully, them, or that your head is disordered. To Si gladly, without a wry lace or an apology. But apparition or to be bewitched, is an inconte; let those you oblige see and feel that you take de- pvidpnoe that you are lacking in common seni light in serving tiiem. This will make you many friends — many who will be ever ready to oblige you in turn. 5. It you receive an injury, sleep at least twelve hours sounuly betore you make up your mind in what manner to treat u. Then palliate it as much as you can, and reflect well on what course will be at once most honoraole, humane, and advanta- geous, in regard to it. Thus you will stand a good chance of acting wisely. C. Choose your company among men of virtue; liJitin I km m? looilcd liit;e< lulitile Hull's Patent linae Trusses E. VVIGHI, Milk street, hi rereived, a co.iiplete assortmi DrHnlVs Trusses. Any persons dl ing the superiority of these Tru! over every other in use. will be fu ^ satisfied by calling at his .*tore, a examining the certificates of rti perior excellence fro:a various icitt Sociflies, and from very m' the most relehrated Surfreons and Physicians , , . , United States— They have also received the de^ regular habits, and good sense— so thai your own approbation of Sir Asti.ey Cooper, of LondI I'he complete cures which are effected on pS from 40 to 7 years of age may with safety bel puted at an average of 1 in 3 — And universally on June ' character, habits ana manners uiay be formed a good model, 'i'his will save you much trouble and redound in the end greatly to your advantage The old man had a choice collection of good "'"• rules and maxims, and never did a man practice! '^'J'^! V":-, 'his elegant, full blooded h , 1^ . . . . . I r II bay with black legs, mane and tail, of hig-h spir: what he taught by precept, more closely, lie ^J^^ temper, willstand at the farm of Mr ?t( profited by it too, for ne was atterwards a member > Williams in N- rthborough (Ms.) at $20 'he seai of the Legislature, a Judge, and, I believe, a , be paid before tht mares are taken away See Colonel of militia. Oliver O-iKWoon. I England Farmer. May 25 BKLLFOU.NDER. Charity Sermon.— The late Dean Swift,of ec- bright Bay, with black legs, standing 15 hands ^ L J u ■• „n celebrated trotter, and a true descendant of centric memory, once preached a charity sermon at St. Patrick's church, Dublin, the leuL'th of which disgusted many of his hearers, which com- ing to his knowledge, and it falling to his lot soon For e'en yoii must acknowled;re it would not be meet i after to preach another sermon of the like kind in That one small ' Flee/. ■Mann of VVar" should engage a whole From the Trenton Emporium. Every Diy Rules. — When our old school -mas- ter, shortly after the close of the revolutiim, left us to settic in Pennsylvania, I remember he made us all stand up before his green desk, while he made a speech filled with good ad.vice, for our practice through lie, and among a great many good things, he gave us the si\ following rules — I think 1 have found the praetice of some of them of great advantage, and a thought struck me the other day when 1 chanced to come across them, written in an old ropy Look, that they might pos- sibly be ace ptable at least to some of the young people who read the Emporium. They are as fol- lows : — 1. When, in company, the conversation turns on an cbseut person, and you are called to ex pre is standing silent behind you, looking over your the same place, he took special care to avoid fall ing into the same error. His te.xt was, " He that hath pity upon the poor, lendeth unto the Lord, This celebrateri horse,7 isM the?| aweiys, will stand at Col. Jaques' stable, in Ch town, during the season. Charge f20, and $1,0 groom — see New England Farmer, May 4, IRSC/j /. i{ A. Fates' Patent Hoes, Constantly lor sale by French & Weld, 31 & I Market street, sole affents for vending the same. Turnip Seed, S^e. Lately received at the Farmer officp, 52 and that which he hath given will he pay him Market street,— from Scotland, a lar^e varini again." The dean after repeating his te.xt in a more than commonly emphatic tone,added, " Now my beloved brethren ) ou hear the terms of this loan ; if you like the security, down with your dust." It is worthy of remark that the quaint- ness and brevity of this sermon produced a very large contribution. — Linccdoles of Swift. Sleep. — Edwards relates in his History of the West Indies, that a negro, who had been sent as a courier to a considerable distance, threw himself down as soon as he had delivered his packet, and immediately fell into a profound sleep. When the answer which he was to take hack, was ready, a domestic shook him and said, " Massa says you must not sleep — you must get up." — Rai:ws| ^^^^^j^^ ^ ^^^^^ number of minute caterpillars.— •i._ n i^f icct tliD niiirid effluvia should in«i „ , .... ■ .k„. .,•» /.nn,-r>nl,T(l. fixccn'.' v/hen the Creator, lest the putrid effluvia should in, t-the air j,..^... ^ great number of minute caterpill nJer this web they are concealed, except v/hen Itthe air. 1 they go out to feed at the extremity of the branch Che LibellulE or Dragon-Flies, are beneficial ^^^^ ^^j^^^^ ^,^gy j^^^p it^ they draw as they pro- man by destroying the venomous musqiu > and ^^^^^ ^ s\]ken fibre along their path which serves ler noxious insects, to which they are mcre^fa- j ^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^._ ^^ f^ey advance in age and than the Lion to the inhabitants of the wUiler- ^.^^ ^^^^^ enlarge their nest by weaving a new IS, or the Shark to the natives of the ocean. ^^^^ parallel to the former one, and when arriv ieveral species of Hemerobius or Louse-Lion, I ^ _^^ their greatest growth, the web acquires ; ■ ■ ■■ ^ 'y Flies, :eed on j^.^^^j^^^j.^jg,,j^^„i„g incites. "' " ""' If cut through at this period, it will be found to jons disease of garden vegetables. i consist of numerous silken layers, filled with the ttaturet has instituted in every branch of '•he | gj.gj.gtio„s of the caterpillars. Until the feeding their web, ituret has instituted in every branch of ^-hel ^^^^^.^^^^ ^^ j,^^ caterpillars. Until th p „ial and vcsfetable creation, certain checks, by ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^ jp^^.^ ^^j return to I nans of which she prescribes their limits. A-Pjt^ considerable regularity, resembling in this inTQuadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, and Insects, are I ^^^ ^1^^ j^^.^.^ ^j. the Phala:na processionea, nd individuals which live by rapine, and P'*'' I j^g^ribed and figured by Reaumur.f Toward the . .1. _ .,- — „«f 4nn,.o'.cn f^f \hf* obiects on , „^ _ ., *« +'/,o/l on^t nm cnpn wnn- nd individuals whicn live oy rapmt;, i>"" i""' I dgscribed and figured by lieaumur.T i owaru uic It the too great increase of the objects on |^^ ^^.^^^^ ^1^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ fgej and are seen wan- ich they are destined to prey : But the oftice ^ . j,^^ (mrlfo nP tlip trees, on fences, &c. keeping within due bounds the numerous sub- ts of the vegetable world, and more particular- that part o> it whicli does not yield food to rbivorous quadrupeds, is committed to insects. These animals " although individually minute, t taken collectively, are of prodigious bulk, and nr effect is equally great. They are so many ^^ __ imal ministers of nature, appointed each to its ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ thus it remains torpid, until its final culiar task, preserving a due proportion ^""'"SLhaiiae comes on. In about a fortnight the shell ints : destroying superfluous dead and putrid J' ^^^^ ^^, ^^e fluid which surrounds the enu ui juiiu Li»i-j ^^^^^ — . derin-^ on the trunks of the trees, on fences, &c. in the" vicinity. After a good deal of exercise, they insinuate themselves into any Interstices they find and weave around them a cod or cocoon like that of the silkworm. The chrysalis or pupa state, now succeeds to that of the larva, the coat of the caterpillar is thrown off, the skin immedi- ately under it hardens into a shell of a dark brown * .... • i :J .int<1 itc- final i.iLo . destroying superfluous dead ant' putr itters ; and finally becoming in part, the food of ber animals ; but principally of birds."t How structive is tlie small Weevil to grain ? the * Linnsei Oratio de Insectis. t Vis ilium Naturum vocare ? non peccabis. — t enira ex que nata sunt omnia, cujus spiritu vi- llus. Senecffi Quaest. Lib. H. XLV. \ Linnaus. burst's at the head, the fluid which surrounds the insect in it, exudes through the fissure, and dis- solvincr the silk, makes an aperture for its escape. The moth now comes forth furnished with four wino-s. and the creeping sluggish worm is trans- formed into an active inhabitant of air, and is in the most perfect state of its being * Linnffius. I Memokes des Insects.vol. ii.tab.lL Thus transformed, they are ade'iu.ito to the continuation of their species. They celebrate their nuptials, and in August deposit their eggs, which may be found in a mass, surrounding tht small twigs in form of a.ring, about 3 of an inch broad, in colour somewhat resembling the bark. Each of these clusters of eggs is deposited by a single moth ; when deposited she eurrounde them with a kind of varnish in which a bubble is formed over each cg^. They are thus perfectly secured from any injury by snow or rain. These eggs are hatclied the same autumn, and the larva; arc perfectly formed, though they do not burst from the Bho'll until the month of May following. The larva is of a dark colour, somewhat hairy and furnished with sixteen feet. The head is black ; the sides of the body variegated with fine, intermingled, blue and yellow lines ; above these a waving, interrupted, yellowish line runs the whole length of the body ; next above this a se- ries of black spots, each including a small blue one, one of which spots is placed in each segment. Oa the back is a white line extending the whole length, and on each .side of this line is a longitu I dinal area of small, interrupted, waving, yellow I lines on a black ground. ' They grow to the length of an inch and three quarters. The trees most subject to injury from those are tlie Apple, the Cherry and the Peach They are extremely voracious, and assisted by those hereafter to be mentioned, in some seasons and in some situations, have entirely stripped the Apple i-.eep of their verdure, and given them in June the aspect of December. Nature has v.ith equal wisdom and beneficence, restricted both these insects to the production of a single annual progeny. The other insect which seems to have attracted more attention than the former, is far less in size, very diflerent in its economy, and commonly known by the name of Canker-worm. The perfect insect first presents itself to our observation. Let us therefore notice it in this stage of existence, and trace its ofi-spving until it arrives at the same. These insects appear in the spring earlier than any other of the moth tribe ; about the middle ol March : Their rise, however, from the earth wil, be delayed or hastened according to the tempera- ture of "the atmosphere and state of the soil. They are found under a double form, the males being furnished with, and the females, being des- titute of, wings. This circumstance necessitates the females to ascend the tree by its trunk in or- der to deposit their eggs upon the branches. The males by their wings resort to them, and are found in the evenings hovering round the trees. In three or four days after they begin to rise, they are found sub copula. This office is per- formed in eleven or twelve days after their first appearance. The males die and disappear. In thirteen days the females deposit their eggs. These thev place in the crannies of the bark, m the forks of small branches ; and where there are spots of moss upon the smaller limbs, they seem most fond of insinuating themselves into the cavi- ties between its leaves. For this purpose the fe- males are furnished with a tube through which 394 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 6, i6-27. the egg is passed, with which she investigates the apertures in the bark or moss, and ascertains their depth. Grasshoppers in the same manner intrude fiheir eggs under the roots of grass. Each female ]ays at a medium an hundred eggs. Tlio ultimate purpose of their Being thus performed, they die. The egg is elliptic, one 30th of an inch in length of a pearl colour, with a yellowish cast ; as the included animal advances in ripeness, the egg as- sumes a brownish huo ; in twenty days is of a case with those that fall from branches most re- mote from the trnnk. On the twenty-sixth day from their quitting the egg, they begin to cease from feeding, an'l des- cend by the trunk of the tree ; when arrived at its the tail. She is destitute of wings. Legs duskji with white joints. Like others of the moth kind, they are activ- only in the night ; and in the day time sit close ti the bark of the tree, whose colour is so similar ti foot, they with great labour penetrate the earth ! theirs, that they are not seen without near inspec near it to different depths ; and this appears to't'°" VoU depend in part on the quality of the soil, and in part on the vigour of the animal. In grass land they are found from one to four lead colour, and with a moderate magnifier the inches beneath the surface, and when the trees larva may be seen to move in the shell stand in ploughed land, if the soil be loose, they On the twenty-first day the larva breaks from penetrate to the depth of seven or eight. its prison, is one line in length, and furcished | with ten feet, sik anterior and four posterior. There appears to bo a great affinity befweerll this insect and the Phalana brumala of Linnteua but that is twice as large as our Canker-worm It is described and figured by Reaumur in his Me- moires des Insectes, vol. ii. tab. 30, fig. 8, 9. The writer of this paper believes the Canker. rfome individuals from an inscrutable cause de- p"'''" has not been observed by any systematic lay this operation so long, that the chrysalis state In moving from place to place they draw up comes on before they are able to penetrate the the hinder feet to the breast, bending the body into a semi-circle, and then extend the body to take a new grasp with the anterior feet, thus seeming to measure the space over which they pass. From this circumstance they arc called ^eomdrce, and in English, loopers, span-worms, inch-worms, &c. They are commonly hatched about the time that the red currant is in blossom, and the apple-tree puts forth its tender leaves. Having thrown off the shell, they move about with great activity in search of food, and having arrived at the e.xtremities of the branches or buds". earth. These perish for want of that equal moist ure which those beneath the surface enjoy. It has been observed above, that they descend by the trunk of the tree ; all which descend in this manner, enter the earth near it. This is their natural and regular course, and hence the great- est number of them is found witliin a circle, whose radius extends four feet from the trunk. Bui some will always be found at a greater distance, according to the area which the tree covers ; for if dislodged by wind or accident, at the time when they are about to seek the earth, they cover them- selves near the spot they fall on. In recnrrinc to Begin to leecJ on the pulpy parts of the leaves, and the structure of the female insect, we see at once if a leaf be taken from the tree at this period, and the reason why they are naturally confined to i held against the light, it appears perforated with small circle numerous small apertures like pinholes. Each in- dividual acquires its full growth in about three weeks, and in this term casts several skins, each succeeding coat being of larger dimensions than the former; the number of these, and the space >vhich intervenes between their ch,a^ges, is not ascertained. As they pass through these etages they become more and more voracious, and in tlie fourth week are more destructive thau in all the former periods of their existence. They are continually spinning as they pass from place to place, and attach the thread to their path ; hence if a branch of the tree be struck The larva' or caterpillar is, when full grown, about nine lines long ; the head pale, marked on each side witli two transverse blackish stripes ; the back ash-coloured, marked lengthwise with small, interrupted dusky lines ; the sides black- ish, with a pale line along the length of the body ; there are two white spots on the last segment of the body ; the abdomen or under side is ash-col- oured. The chrysalis is near five lines in lengtli, about a line and a half in dicimeter, of a light hazel col- our, oblong and pointed at one end. Entomologist ; in conformity therefore with the rules of Natural Science, and until some abler hand shall attend to it, he is inclined to call it Phaliena, (vernata) geometra seticornis, alls cin- ereis, fasciis tribus obscuris, fuscis ; posticis im- maculatis : femina aptera. The food of insects of this order in their per- fect state is honey, which they draw from the^ bottoms of flowers through a long tongue or pro- boscis. There are many, however, which are des- tined only to the continuation of their species; these have no tongue. Of this kind is the Pha- Isena vernata. The principal check provided by Nature, upon the too great increase of this insect is the Ampe- lis Garrulus of Linnsus, called by Mr Catesby the Chatterer of Carolina, and in the Rev. Doctor Belknap's History of New Hampshire, Cherry. bird. This bird destroys great numbers of them while in the larva state. Another check is a dis- ease which may be called Deliquium, and is prob- ably occasioned by a fermentation of their foodi In this disease the whole internal structure is dis= [solved into a liquid, and nothing is entire but the exterior cuticle, which breaks on being touched. The canker worm is said to have been observed first in*he southern states, where it is probably a' native.- It is certain it must bespread by some means independent of itself, since the female, by the privation of wings, is forbidden to range It may have been introduced into New England jjfall. till I Well leieii to, a fipi ited ii Ne« N'ei uciita wilff II tie 0 i[j ite lis COBI iTier station. Being furnished with fewer feet than other cal- Rrpillars they are more exposed to falls, and while they are secured from injury by the thread they emit, they are also, hy being able to regain their position, in some measure confined to their native >ree. immediately beneath the mouth is a conical pa- pilla, from which the fibre which suspends them is emitted. Their ascent when thrown from the tree i.9 slow, and performed hy bending the head and an- terior part of the body back, until the feet in the third segment can reach the thread, which they them from the earth in the month of November P^""'^ °'' "^® United States, by falling from trees While they are in chrysalis, they are uninjured uiP"" ''•■'''"^ges and travellers passing under them, bv frost. This conjecture is rendered probable, by its beiuir ascent is long. This part of their economy has sugffosted to bome persons the expedient of breaking the threads, by striking with a stick between the sus- pended insects and the branches of the tree, and It is said that those which thus fall to the earth never rise to the tree again. This is probably the , by ; _ found in all places which have intercourse with such parts as arc infested with it ; and by its b&~ ing unknown in new settlements. It is principally found on the Apple ; but has been discovered on a Plumb-tree, which stood very near an Apple-tree. The above Essay took the premium of 50 dollars. POTATOES. We have, at various times, said much about the " mportance of attending more than we have ever done to the qualities of our potatoes as food ; their fitness for the table. We may be said to ;the worst potatoes in Massachusetts [not Maine blackish, transverse stripes, and a small dash of '^^here they have the best] of any State which pre- the same color at the tip. The under wings are . '^""^^ '° ''^'^"^ 'hem. Their ii.Uural and regular time of rising is about the middle of March, but happens sometimes as early as the twelfth, and is sometimes retarded to the twenty. fourth, according to the warmth or coldness of the season. They continue to rise for a longer or shorter time according to the greatei or less depth at which they lie, and the extrica- tion of the frost from the earth: commonly from twenty to thirty days. The antennse or horns of the perfect insects are of an uniform colour, and rather lighter than the ground of the upper ones. The old red Cranberry potatoe was a good one, and was thought to be extinct. Last year we met The body of the female is nearly four lines in ^'"' 'hem again veiy large and fair, but their length,, ash-coloured, and marked on the back, Soodness was gone. The history given to us of with a brown list extending from the thorax to i "'°'" ^^^^> that when they had nearly run out Tbet: \Vck« iglhr tow .tkitl to ill olheip iie.« illy." tai IB Iroi i!e foi one to tsl eil ■ted I les for Fiaii eateis llJCll eetJE etwlt le! I eitje iii;oi otitoi ruEP iniid 'HfOi Swk Bti! ItTit ritji riekt md 111 tenil; live D Vol. v.— No. 50. NEW ENGLAND FAlii\IER. re, they were sent to the eastern part of Maine, iertf they reviveJ ami nourished, and were sent ;un to Boston. We bought a bushel or two, id planted them ; they produced miserably, and are utterly worthless. We consider them as ID out. The Chenango potato, a Pennsylvania variety, e earnestly recommend as valuable for the table. is remarkably early ; very fair sized potatoes n be hod from them in sixty days. We had till this year supposed that their great cellencc consisted in their being fine in summer d fall. We can now add that they continued 6 till the .30th of May, and are now, on the 6th June, better than any we have. We have spoken highly of the Foxite potatoc, hich is the great favourite in Pennsylvania, here it is preferred to the Chenango. It is a late jtato, and not so showy as the Chenango. Wa tm There has been considerable discussion, you [ Iccted by many farmers; but advantnoeThould know, concerning the origin aiul derivation of this : always be taken of it by a good husbandman, when eiiculent vegetable. It has been inquired with ' ■ ■ • ■ some solicitude, wliat is really the country of tlio Solanum tuberosum .' and where docs it c.\ist with- ont cultivation at the present day ? I consider the articles I have received, as af- fording answers of a satisfactory kind to both ho is lucky enough to succeed a great sloven ; for then lie will probably find all the ponds, &c.' full of rich mud. It is improbable that pond mud, especially if there is a stream into the water, should ever fai! ' of proving a nood manure, when judiciiiusly used questions. The potatoe, whence our domestic | The method of managing it, which has been found stock is derived, is an inhabitant of South Ameri- ' ca, and is at this time thriving without human care or nrotection in Chili. the most beneficial, is the following : As soon as the mud is dry, and hard enough to spit, turn it over, and three months after, mix it The species are small ; some of them being not. with a quantity of chalk ; if lime is cheap and so large as nutmegs. Through inadvertence, they plentiful, it will bean e.xcellent management to have been kept on ship-board until nov of them have pushed forth shoots. and some add about one-tonth the quantity of mud in lime. Let the whole be mixed well together, and in Their appearance confirms the statement made September turned over again, and spread upon by Joseph Sabine, Esq. in his memoir on the na- pasture or meadow land in October. live country of the wild potatoe, as printed in the , [Young's Farmer's Calendar.] ,d supposed that the Foxite was a variety pro- i fourth volume of the London Horticultural Trans iced in Pennsylvania, but we find them claimed actions, page .349, &c. with figures of the ivihers.^'^ ^™P^^' ^ff'^'^^'^^^^t "'^d expeditious Mode of destroy ie the expression of a gentleman with whom I conversing on the subject, and who has raised lem for some years, 'they are s.s much superior ether potatoes as the best superfine wheat flour to common rye flour ;' the only objection to t^em ., that they are poor bearers, and yield so bidly I to discourage their cultivation. Wo grow" a- »ther potato here called the Mercer potato, w-hich next in repute for the table and vields bounti- ISo far Mr Buck's authority, which we can con- m from experience in all points, except that we Bve found it a very fair bearer. But until we can ome to the European rule, whicli is to select the 3Bt eating potatoe for the table, and resting con- Bted with small crops, we shall never have good les for our tables. Every good variety of potato 11 Prance, Great Britain, and America, are small ;areis compared with the coarser, or what we ay call the cattle sorts. The mangel wurtzel eet is a much greater bearer than the blood red, '' become its mouth with a bag, and empty the rat or rats in- r"^^'^' ^^^'^'^^^ ^'^^ nectarines, if moved up- I wards and allowed to descend with a single jerk I will separate if ready ; and they may be received into a tin funnel lined with velvet, so as to avoid that has been caught to escape jif you7o"y"ou''will ;-'°"'^'''"= ^'"^ ^'^^ fingers or bruising. The time get no more that night. By this process 300 rats I ?f, ^"'''^""° '"'■"'' '^ '« observe when it begins to were caught in this city in one house, and in one \ i "^'"™'y- Another mode of ascertaining night by two persons, during the revolutionary i ^ " '® "P*' '^ '° ''^'^° ^^^ '"""' 's^«' "'^'^ the war. As these vermin are unusually numerous ^°°'f.'=' '' ' .'*" "P'' ." "'''1 Par' readily from the tree, and troublesome in the city, this receipt, which ^ criterion is to cut up an apple of the av- is the old secret of the London and Liverpool rat I "^^"^ ripeness of the crop, and e.Tainine if its catchers, is published for the benefit of those who ^^^^^^ ^'^^'^ become brown or blackish ; if they re- prefer a little trouble, to a great annoyance ' ""^'^ ""'="'°"r'''1 ^he fruit is not ready for gather- its mouth with a bag, and empty the rat or rats in- to it — kill them by dashing the bag against a post or the floor : reset the trap and continue until the •■ custom" ceases — Be careful not to suffer a rat prefer a little trouble, to a great annoyance. [N. Y. Times. ing. ^ Unripe fruit never keeps so well as that ^ ___^_ which nearly approaches to maturity, being more NEW ENGLAND FARMER 1^''^'° '''"'^'""'"°''*'''^^'°''- ■^-»-^*»- Potatoes, turnips and all similar roots which it BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY (i, 1827. M^ desired to preserve beyond the season of plant- ^ii^:=ii^:^=^ — ^ (ing need only be sunk in pits so deep that vege- TEA KETTLES. j tation will not take place. " A pit," (says the The noses of tea-kettles sometimes are so beset '^^'■'"sr's Magazine) "filled with these roots to ji..i^ i..ya,^o ui ita-n.ci,iieH Bumeumes are so Deset "'"ici c iriaj^u/iuc; •• nueu witn inese roots to with a sediment, consisting of lime or plaster of ^^ithin five feet of the surface, and the remainder paris, derived from hard waters, as to become al- compactly closed with earth, and kept quite dry, most, if not altogether impervious. This sub- ; '■^''" l^eep one or more years in a sound state and stance, it is said, maybe removed by the follow- i ^''''''°"' vegetating. For convenience of usinc, injmethod: Take one quarter of a pound of | '''^re should be a number of small fits, or rather iipanish whiting, put it into the tea-kettle, when °f 'arge pots of roots, so buried at a little distance full of water, and boil it for an hour, or until the ''''°'" ^^'^^ other, as that no more may be taken up impediinent is removed. int a timo than can be consumed in a few days BAKED BEANS AND SAL ERATUs. The mouM Or compost ground will, in general, be -•— "'^"/ poweriui tnan in our climate. But vessels sunk in Qf a certain cheap alkali, called sal eratus, (to 'the soil in the bottom of cellars, or other pl.ees, with their saucers, used as covers, may be deeply immersed in ^ large shaded ridge of earth to be taken up, one at a time, as wanted." These methof's of preserving roots were prescribed for Great Britain, where the frosts of winter are less powerful than in our climate. But vessels sunk in B98 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July C, 1827. partially if not wholly secured from frost would no doubt prove useful for preserving roots in, either in warm or cold weather. " Henderson of Brechin," (says Lomdon) makes use of the ice house for preserving ■' roots of all kinds till the vessels about ten days before they were wanted for use, and being kept in a warm room ; for warmth at this as at other periods accelerates the maturity of the pear. .The same agent accelerates its decay also ; and a warmer climate cannot con- ,.l'^ return of the natural crop. By the mouth of tribute to the superior success of the French gar- April" he says " the ice in our ice house is found doners ; which probably a,rises only from the cir to have subsided four or five feet ; and in this cumstance of their fruit being the produce of empty room I deposit the vegetables to be pre- 1 standard or espalier trees." Carpeting of excellent quality is made near Hartford : and a Portsmouth paper states that that the merchants could hardly believe they were of home manufacture served. After stuffing the vacuity with straw, and covering the surface with the same material, I nlace on it cas3-boxes, dry ware casks, baskets, , . , - • r „., &c and fill them with turnips, carrots, beet there are for sale m that town, specimens of car- foo't , celerv, and in particular, potatoes. By the pets manufactured at the Great Falls Factory in 'o?d ^f the^^lace, vegetation is so much suspend- Somerswor.h, of so firm and even a texture, and ^d that all these articles may be thus kept fresh! with figures .=>"d colours^ so varied and beautiful, and uninjured, till they give place to another cr(Jp in its natural season." " In Poland they preserve cucumbers, &c. by salting and then immersing them in casks at the bottom of a deep well, where the water, preserv- ing nearly the same temperature throughout the year, impedes their decay. Some English writers on horticulture recom- mend to preserve pears by placing them in jars between layers of dry moss, inserting a plug, and sealing it with melted rosin. The Edinburgh En- cyclopedia, art. Hort. says, " James Stewart pre- serves his choice apples and pears in glazed earthen jars, provided with tops or covers. In the bottom of the jars, and between each layer of fruit he put some pure pit sand, which has been thoroughly dried on a flue. The jars are kept in a dry, airy situation as cool as possible, but se- cure from frost. A label on the jar indicates the kind of fruit ; and when this is wanted or ought to be used, it is taken from the jar and placed for some time on the shelves of the fruit room. The less ripe fruit is sometimes restored to the jars, but with newly dried sand. In this way he pre- serves Colmars and other fine French pears till April; the Terling till June ; and many kinds of apples till July, the skin remaining smooth and plump. Others who also employ earthen jars, wrap each fruit in paper, and in place of sand, use bran." , Apples which are intended for use, according to Deane's New England Farmer, should be suf- MILK. " An easy method of removing the taste of ga. or of turnips, from milk, and thus preveiitin^ in butter. " As the dairy is found of much importance the agricultural interests of this country, the ft lowing is offered to the public through the raei ym of your miscellany. The object of the present essay, is to avoid an inconvenience to which out dairy is subjected, and to convert it into an ad- pantage. The following plan is recommended, ai a method of removing the garlicky taste from milk, and producing sweet good butter, in place of that which is generally considered so disagreea- ble. "When the milk is new from the cow, pour one qunrt of boiling water into every gallon of milk; ' stir it through and put the whole into broad shal- low dishes, so that it will not be above two inch- es deep. Let these dishes be placed on an opei ij! ITinii rle, in Lti at! W 1 the silt willcoi A specimen of the JVew Zealand Flax plant, 5 feet 3 inches in length, h^^^f "^f' f,^^^^ fj^"' shelf, that the vapour may pass freely and en« England Farmer office, by Mr Robert^ Wyattor^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^,_^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ .^ ^,^.. iuiu.vi u...^-, -J . r ■■ tire.y away. When the milk (ins stood in thlj An account of this plant may be found in , J^^^ ^^^^,^^ ^ .^ ^^ .^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^ England Farmer, page 340 of our cur- ^,^,^^^j^^,^_ „^ ^„,y j^, „4„_ '^^ ^^^ ^e mo* Boston the New rent volume. A writer in Loudon's Gardener's Magazine states that the roots of couch grass are regularly washed and sent to market, at Naples, as food for horses. The writer had some of these roots sent from Naples, which proved to contain more nutri- tive matter than the roots of English growth. — Dogs eat the leaves of this species of grass to excite vomiting 11 Deirlf le, 111 ' Salt In the state of New York $2,000,000 are invested in salt works, and 600,000 bushels, weigh- ing 75 lbs. to the bushel, are annually made. In the interior this manufacture is carried on by boil- ing the water of the salt springs, and on the sea coast by the process of evaporation from the sea water. The duty on imported salt is 20 cents a bushel, and yields a revenue of $000,000. JYorth American Review. — The July number of I his work contains articles on the following sub- jects : — Krusenstern's Voyage and Researches — Greece and the Greek Frigates — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad — Milton's English Prose Works — fered'toVang onThe°trec as long as they are safe 1 Insurrection of Paez in Colombia— M'CuUoch's from frosts. Mr Knight says " the most successful method of preserving pears and apples, which I have hith- erto tried, has been placing thera in glazed earth- en vessels, each containing about a gallon, and surrounding each fruit with paper ; but it is proba- ble that the chaff of oats, if free from moisture or any offensive smell, might be used with advantage instead of paper, and with much less expense or trouble. These vessels being perfect cylinders, j Price about a foot each in height, stand very conven- iently upon each other, and thus present the means of preserving a large quantity of fruit in a very small rootn; and if the spaces between the top of one vessel and the base of another be filled with a cement composed ol two parts of the curd of skimmed milk, and one of lime, by which the air will be excluded, the later kinds of apples and pears will be preserved with little change in their appearance from October till February and March. A dry and cold situation in which there i:= little chant;e of temperature, is Uie best for the vessels ; but I have found the merits of the pears to be greatly increased by their being taken from the Political Economy — Spoliations of the French prior to 1800 — America — Novel Writing — Mor- ion's New England's Memorial — Gadsden's Ad- dress to the Florida Institute — Dwiglit's Oration on the American Revolution — Tillinghast's Ad agreeable to the taste or practice of the operator; Millt from cows that have pastured on garlic, wheB" maiaged in this way, will be quite sweet. ThS' plan here proposed is founded on analogous ex- pedence. ' The feeding of cows on turnips communicates' a dsagroeable odour and taste to the milk aad< buter ; but in many parts of Britain they make« ex;ellent butter from turnip-fed cows, by a pli sinilar to the foregoing. The bad taste of tl turnip consists in some volatile substance whicji'! is evaporated by the hot water. Garlic is much' of the same nature, but probably more volatile.— Biscuit, baked from garlicky ilour, has no tastft^ of garlic ; but soft bread or a pudding of the sam* flour, retains it strongly, having both experiencej| an imperfect evaporation." Should you think the above worth the insertiol and would favour it with one, perhaps it might ba4 the means of giving instruction to some who mayi 'j'J'J. profit. [Monthly Mag.] ^ Voyage to Green Bay — The steam boat Hen^ Clay has lately sailed from Detroit on a trip Mackinaw, Green Bay, &c. Among the passen-^ '^^ gers were Gov. Cass, Generals Scott, Brady, Col}| M'Kenny of the Indian department, and sovettf gentlemen and ladies. 'leiliil £i trie 4:: Great Emigration. — A petition has been dress on Domestic Industry — Common Schools in I warded to London, signed by 2310 heads of fam^ New York Jackson's New Method nf Teaching lies, praying to be sent out to the British coloniei Languages — Exhibition of Pictures at the Boston Alheneum — Memoirs on Adams and Jefferson — 00 per annum. PLUMS, PEACHES, &C. HOW KEPT^FRESH THROUGH THE TEAR. Beat well up together equal quantities of honey and spring water ; pour it into an earthen vessel, put in the fruits all freshly gathered and cover thera quite close. When any of t/ie fruit is taken out, wash it in cold water, and it is fit for imme- diate use. [English publication. The water broke into the Thames Tunnel on the 18th May. About KiO men were at work in making the excavation when the alarm was giv- en. They were all fortunate enough to make their escape, although some of them wore neat being drowned. Large quantities of clay, a great proportion of which was in bags, were lowered down into tlie river to stop the opening into thw tunnel, which was at last effected. On -the 24tfi the water of the tunnel, which had been filled tff the level of the river, was pumped out, and the brick work, although it had been so Ion? exposed Measures are now in operation to obtain the i to the ebb and flow of tlic tide, was found entire active co-operation of the Wool Growers, and anil uninjircd. Mr. Brunei, the manager «f the Manufacturers throughout the Northern and Mid- I works, thought that in a day or two the cscava- die States, in an appeal to Congress for relief. j tion would be resumed. Vol.V No. 50. NEW EiVGLAND FARMER. ^99 Virginia paper calculates that there are 168,- 1 The poor taxes in England nearly equal the ) useless dogs in that state, whicli consume pro- 1 revenues of the United States. The amount levi- ' COOLIDGK, I'OOR & HEAD. m- n'orms.—We saw a few days since, about House of Lords, is opposed to the new adminis 'ty thousand silk worms at the house of Pljny ( tjo,,. Ho has also said, that Mr Canning did not | Potaioe and Corn Hoes. rle, in Leicester. They arc now three weeks call South Amorira into existence, but that the ' .lust receivpd at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. and are about an inch and a half in length, ; (jn^ed gt^igg preceded him, in recognizing her 52 North Market street, a lew dozen more of Wilson's I the size of a large, full grown, apple-tree cat- ' independence. ° I Patent Steel Spring; JfotaJoe and Corn Hoes, highly re- ■illar. The skin is brou n and destitu'i^ of hjir ' cocimended as a superior article for digging potatoes, any other covering. In about ten days mdre | . ^^^ ^"'^V opposition of the English Parliament hoeing com, aud many other p.^rposes. y will commence winding the cocoons," and,[in 1 '^ "°^^ ''f^^ "'«." Orangemen." They have set weeks from the time of their hatching, tl,ey : "P t^° ''"I'j' '^'■'^"'"^ P^'Pei'^. to counteract all the 1 nearly or quite all have done eating. THey , °"'" P°«'o° °^ ^^"^ London press. Haiony Sheep. On Friday the 24th August ntxt, at 3 o'clock P. M. ions sufficient to support as many hogs, which ' ed last year, in England and Wales, was nearly ^.' f^rlghton near Boston, will be sold by public auc- ,uld be worth at 85 each $1)40.000. Each use- : thirty millions ; and even that sum fell short two \'°° '', ''}'°'% 'T'' ?' ="^""','"0 Snxony Rams just ,,,,,.,,.,, , .1 u J , »i ^ , „ ^ , . ""ported in the bng Comet, Capt. Meef, from Ham- ts dog, he adds, would probably kill one sheep or three hundred thousand dollars of the actual bur^ • year, on an average, which at g!! each would sum expended for maintaining the poor. j These sheep were selected from the purest blo«d in. $564,000. Tlius making the maintenance of . K„t,.t, «ff„.„„f_ „„ . t> •► • j i. u the kingdom, and will be fouud nt least, equal in point. Lsdog^ in that state Imount to $1,504,000, '^^^.^^'<=h of U^^^^^ of fineness of fleece and symmetry of lorm'to any Lre- re than^hree times the amount of the tax of '^ .l Mr n nni„l^ T r [ P"''^''';^"' ^ toio.e imported. The sale ,.111 be perfectly free and m. u . jv . """ that Mr l^anning, Mr Brougham, and Sir unlimited. • state. The estimate may be exaggerated but p^^^^-^ Burdett, will be of the number. i Samples of the wool from dilTerent parts of each an- re is doubtless much truth in it. _ , _ , imal may be seen at .No. 46 Central street, or at the h^arl tjrey, one ot the most staunch whigs in the office of the auctioneers, at any time previous to thft ■a fewdoz. Darby's Patent Scythe Rifles. fed several times during the day, and, if k plied with fresh leaves, will eat most of but what is very singular, although tl A grand Ship Canal is to be made from Lon he ; don to Portsmouth. ey support of the East e no eyes, as soon as it is night, they elevkte England, and several other public establishments ir heads, become motionless, and will eat no The canal is to be 150 feet in width and .30 in -e till morning. ' depth. The expense is estimated at four million 'he Blulberry is now beginning to ripen, an^ it pounds, it will employ 20,000 workmen for four .herefore, the right time for those, wlio wishLo years, ie experiments in the cultivation of silk, to loik for seed. — Jf'orcester Spy. American Elm Seed. Caih will be p id at the New Kngland Farmer officer for tour bushels American F.lm Seed. rnu 11 i_ 1 Gunpowder The project will have the Constantly (or sale in lots to suit purchasers by E. India Company, the Bank ot COPFIANP. ir. No. «5 BroaH Street. PKlCi:s OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening. APPLES, best, It is believed that there have been at least 30 | i^^HES, pot, 1st sort, - cases of kidnapping in our city and county in the nPAvo ''\-, °--- lastSor." years. Of these, 4 children and one beEF mesj 200 lbs. new cargjb, No 1, new, ■ has died, but a hope is entertained by the gentle- men in Mississippi, who have been so instrument- in the cause, that 15 or 16 more may be recov- ■as of the first quality. During the last watj''''^^- Tne residue it is feared, are doomed to -•.;,:„«„ „., „„„;„.! t^ R„„i,o_,.„,. „.„i ,k; 'slavery for life.— P/ai Gaz he New York Morning Courier contains tie swing notice of an arrival. There was o e ; "o"^:'." j^^.^e been restored, one it is ascertained 'Vashington city of as novel a nature the othlr A merchant had received one hundred bai^ of flour from Rociiester, (N.Y ) by the canu inia flour was carried to Roc.'iester and the nity, and the carriage alone was nearly double cost of this article and transportation. So h for internal improvements. rricals Eiira. — .\mong the novelties of the , and the wonders of our canal navigation, are arrival, at New Haven, last week, of the ca- boat Entcrprize, Capt. Gillot, of 33 tons, with 00 shingles and 14,000 feet pine boards, and a flotilla of 20 canoes, lashed together four Agricultural Books. Just recciTcd at (he Ncwrnjland Farmer ofllee, No. 52 North Market street, an invoice of Agricultural Books, for eale, among which are The .American Gardener ; or, a Treatise on the Situ- ation, Soil, Fencing and Laying-Out of Gardens; on thu Making and Managing of Hot Beds and Green Houses ; and on the Propagation and Cultivation of tha several sorts of Vegetables, Herbs, Fruits and iFlo'werE. By William Cobbttt. !ast, from Ithaca, in this state, via AlbSny and j The Gentlemnn and Gardener's Calendar, contain- Erie canal. The presence of these useful ar- j iog directions for the cultivation of the kitchen and iS at New Haven is very gratifying to the I ""Ver garden, green house, nursery, orchard, ir. for , c- . , • * ■ ,1 1. ■ ■ ■. 1 thd United States. Dv Grant Thorburn. .ids of internal improvement in that vicinity, 1, . . „ i ., ..v. .. .uui,. \. ., , ■ cr L • ■ i' ybe American Gardener's Calendar, adapted to the cannot fail to have itseffect on the spirit and j ^i^ates and seasons of the United States. By Bernard k of the Farraington, Hampshire and Hampden lis 'he Season. — From the abundant rains which 3 fallen, during the last three or four weeks, calculated, that the crops of hay, as well as y vegetables, will be very prolific. There is the most flattering prospects, that the latter •■est will be crowned with equal success, since earth has been so completely saturated with .vers, as to endure ii much longer drought, 1 is usual in this part of the country. To these efits, we have an additional blessing, in the il degree of health which generally prevails in part of the country. — Bath Inquirer. '• Think, oh ; grateful think ! How good the God of Heaven is to you , Who pours abundance o'er your Sowing fields." en. Wadsworth, of New- York state, is said ave 13,000 sheep on his firms. M'Mahon. the Florist's Directory, or a treatise on the cultiva- tiott of Flowers, Dahlias, &c. with beautiful coloured enjravings. By Samuel Curtis. Treatise on the cultivation of the Carnation. Tulip, Pink, Tutcan Rose, and other flowers, with engravings. By 'I'homas Hogg, florist. Treatise on the improved culture of the Strawberry, Raspberry, Gooseberry, Currant, &c. with fine engrav- ing! coloared nfter nature. By 'Jhomas Haynes. The Fruit Grower's Tnstructer ; or a practical trea- tise on the cultivation and treatment of fruit trees. By G. Bliss. • An Essay on the Weeds of Agriculture, with practi- cal remarks on their destruction. By G. Sinclair. The Farmer's Calendar, &c. with engravings. By Arthur Young, Secretary to the Board of Agriculture. Cobbett's Cottage Economy. Deane's New England Farmer. Farmer's Assistant. Lorain's Husbandry. Agricultural Libraries furnished on as adyantajoOUs f terms as at any place in the country "■ No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - FLAX — V -. - ^ - - - FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, ... Rve, best, ... GRAIN, Rye Corn - ... Barley . - - - Oats - - ... HOGS' LARD, Isf sort, new, - HOPS, No L Inspection - . LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTKR PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No L do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover .... WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 & i do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinmng, 1st sort PROriSIOK MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - - - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - - VEAL. MUTTON, POULTRY, ...... BUTTER, keg & tub, - lump, best, - EGGS, ---....'. MEJ.L, kye, retail, - . - . Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, . - CIDER, lictuor, (new) - bush bbl.. bush bbl. lb. cask gal. ton. bbl. bush lb FROM 80 00 95 00 1 62 9 8 12 6 75 12 7 3 90 5 50 5 00 9 10 7(t 77 2 75 13 00 10 75 82 50- 96 00 2 00' 9 50 8 37 7 25 15 10 1 00 5 62 0 25 80 60 1 00 43 10 IS 90 7G 3 00 14 00 11 50 10 60! 11 00 1 75| 2 00 25 34 30 25 37 30 32 0 6* 8 Jrt 12 14 18 12 90 90 400 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July G, 162/'. ifWiscclliinies. WASHINGTON'S STATUE. Sent from England to jimerica. [by MRS HEMANS.] Yea, rear the guardian Hero's form, On thy proud soil, Ihon Western World ' A watcher through each sign of storm, O'er Freedom's flag unfurled. There, as before, a shrine to bow, Bid thy true sons their children lead, — The language of that noble brow, For all things good shall plead. The spirit reared in patriot flight. The Tirtue born of home and hearth. There calmly throned, a holy light Shall pour o'erchainless earth. And let that work of England's hand. ■ Sent thro' the blast and surges' roar, So girt with tranquil glory, stand. For ages on thy shore ! Such through all time the greetings be. That wtth the Atlantic billows sweep I Telling the mighty and the free Of brothers o'er the deep ! Mothers. — Erasmus says, " the safety of states depends upon three things — upon a proper or im- proper education of the Prince — upon preachers — and upon schoolmasters." He might have added " upon mothers ;" for the care of the mother pre- cedes that of the schoolmaster, and may stamp •apon the infant mind characters of virtue and re- ligion which no man can eiTace. The Devil outwitted. — A poor woman in ]Mon- treal received a Bible from the British Agent in that city. A Romish Priest, hearing of the cir- cumstance, made a visit, intending to deprive her of the precious gift. He offered her five dollars for the Bible — she declined taking it He then offered her ten, and afterwards fifteen dollars ; she still declined, he left her. — The ne.xt day, he returned, and offered her twenty-five dollars. She accepted the offer, and with the money purchased twenty-fiTo Bibles, which she distributed among her destitute neighbours, under such conditions, that the priest could not obtain them. A writer from Hamilton, Ohio, says, the x\p- ple-Trees there, average 15 busiiels of Apples to a tree ! and that Corn this year will give about SO bushels to the acre. We learn from Pittsburgh, that a company of practical mechanics have arrived from England, and are about to establish a Porcelain Manufac- tory in the vicinity of tliat city. In one year 65,000,000 of eggs were exported from France to Great Britain ; the duty on which amounted to 100,000 dollars. Epilepsy. — Dr Borie, the physician of the hos- Vi?] Versailles, has for some time been very suc- rel in caseei'l'J''''"*? "lugwort and the cherry-lau- tients have been'per?ecu^ ^ ^'"•^"'^ '"''">' P°°'' P^" the discovery of which seems lik'eV'tS i;^ ''"^'^V ed with the most beneficial consequences. ■*""■" [London Literary Gaz.] Symmetry — The father of the celebrated Paul Jones was gardener to Lord Selkirk, and amongst other peculiarities, was remarkable for his great fondness of what is called symmetry. Thus, if he planted a shrub in one part of the garden, he would set another in a corresponding situtition for symmetry. At the end of the lawn were two summer houses exactly alike. One day his Lord- ship walking in this place, saw a boy's head peep- ing out of each. 'Ha, Mr Jones, (said he,) who is that boy locked up there in the summer house ?' 'Please your lordship, it is a young rogue that I caught stealing in the orcliard, and I've locked him up till your Lordship came.' ' But,' (said his Lordship) I see your son's head in the other sum- mer house — be has not been stealing surely.' ' O no, my Lord, I only put him there for symmetry.' Anecdote. — In a time of much religious excite- ment and consequent discussion, an honest old Dutch farmer, of the Mohawk, was asked his opinion, as to which denomination of Christians were in the right way to heaven ? " Veil den, (said he) ven we ride our wheat up Alpany, some say dis is de pest road, and some say dat is de pest ; put I don't tink it makes much tifference which road we take ; for when we get dare, dey never ask us which way we come — and it is none of deir pusiness — if our wheat pe good." When I was a lad, an old gentleman took the trouble to teach me some little knowledge of the world. With this view, I remember he one day asked me, '• When is a man rich enough ?" — I re- plied, " When he has a thousand pounds." — He said, "No." — "Two thousand ?" — "No." — " Ten thousand ?" — "No."— "Twenty thousand ?"-"No. — " A hundred thousand ?" — Which I thought would settle the business ; but hu continued to say — "No." I gave it up, and confessed I could not tell, but begged he would inform me. Ho gravely said, " When he has a little more than ho has, and that is never." Maxim. — In eternity there is nothing to gain ; nothing to lose. All is either gained or lost for over. In time, there is an eternity to gain, or an eternity to lose. Not an instant here, but tells in the account hereafter. Life places you in that pregnant crisis, between a world of mourning and a world of joy. Hamilton's Travels in Colombia I was amused (says Col. H.) by a story told me by an English officer in the service of Colombia of one of his soldiers, who was an Irishman :— Paddy walking one day through the streets of Caraccas, chanced to see a dollar on the ground ; he kicked it ons side with much contempt, exclaiming with an oatli, ' ' I came to the Americas for gold ; I'll not tar- nish my fingers with silver coin." creao ,,f^ Wit, without knowledge, is a sort of _...„„ which gathers in a night to the top, and by e skilful hand may be soon whipped into//o(A; bci once scummed away, what appears underneath it only fit to be thrown to the hogs. Curious Fact — It has been justly affirmed by some writers on natural philosophy, that a certain quantity of water, however small, may be render- ed capable of exerting a force equal to any ag' signable one, by increasing the height of the cd- umn and diminishing the base on which it presses. Dr Goldsmith observes, that he had a strong hogs- head split in this manner. A small but strong tube of tin, twenty feet high, was inserted in the bunghole of the hogshead. Water was then pour- ed into the tube till the hogshead was filled, and the water had reached within a foot of the top of the tin tube. By the pressure of this column of water, the hogshead buret with incredible force, and the water was scattered in every direction. When Sheridan was making one of his great displays in Westminster Hall, he observed Gib- bon among the auditors, and complimented him by some allusion to his " luminous pen." An ac- quaintance afterwards reproached Sheridan with the insincerity of his compliment, and wondered how he could use the word luminous. " O, it was a mistake," said Sheiidan, " I meant voluminous." Mf mi,!" I the ll QSSt -^^ alleau liii IDCID Gti80I lleli Turnip Seed, S^-c. Just received at the Nf w England Farmer office. No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, an extensive assort- ment of Turnip Seeds, some of which are the growth of the present season — the finest sorts either for family use orstock. The most approved sorts for the former are tlie White Stone, White Dutch, Red Top, Yellow Stone, r\ellow .Malta. The Yellow Stone is one of uncommdn excellence, and keeps well. Of the sorts for field cul- ture, the White Norfolk, White Globe, Green Round, and YtUoiv Aberdeen or Bullock are prefera'ulc. The Yellow Aberdeen is most approved among the farmeiii^ of England and Scotland, as it grows to a large size, ij< very sweet and nutritious, and keeps till June. AbO) Yellow Ruta Baga, or Russian lurnip, of the best des- cription. The above seeds were saved in Europe ex- pressly for us, and the utmost dependence may be placed upon their genuine quality. A vnriely of Lojwt , and Turnip Radishes, suitable for growing the three I ensuing months. Prickly or Fall Spinach, Long Pricklj f and Early Cluster Cucumber ; also the genuine Girkia or West India pickling Cucumber, one of the finert pickles. — The seed of the Scull Cap may yet be sown io advantage. At this place is kept the best supply of seeds, nati and imported, that art and industry can procure. Gati logues furnished gratis. .Inly 5 ■koU ■lyilii oftl :e,iii! ■lib ttcEi it,)lil; tposti :1,1m He, who never changed any of liis opinions, never corrected any of his mistakes ; and he who was never wise enough to find mistakes in himself, will not be charitable enough to excuse them in others. It is easy to be upright in prosperity, it is the day of adversity that proves the heart. It is a brave mind that exults not over a fallen foe, — it is a weak, that tramples on him. ROMAN. I his elegant, full blooded horse, a brigfc* bay with black legs, mane and tail, of high spirit sa$ good temper, will stand at the farm of i\ir Stepbi Williams in Nt rthbnrongh (\:s.) at $20 /s, will stand at Col. Jaques' stable, in Charle»- town, during the season. Charge $20, and $1,00 the groom — see New England Farmer, May 4, 1826. ■] /. S,- A. Fales' Patent Hoes, ' "^ Constantly for sale hy Frenrh & Weld, 31 & 32 Sontl Market street, sole agents for vending the same. tltO! Iheii Mr Stringer has paid £400 and 30 marks, to be excused as sheriff of London and Middlesex. The Far.m !■ n is puhlishfd every friday, at $2,SQ per annum, it paid in advance. J- Gentlemen who procure.^w responsible subseribeni are entitled to usirlh volume gratis. ■* New snbsrribers can he furnished with the preced' in" numbers of the current volume. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Published by John B. Ku»SELi..at Wo; r)i ^\lortii .Market Wtreot, (over tiie Agricultural Warehouse.) Tbomas G. Pessewden Editor. VOL. V. BO.STON, FRIDAY, JULY 13, 1827. No. 51. AGlllCULTUllE. From Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. Sai-ing Gariten Seeds b;/ Gentlemen's Garden- ers. Z?.'/ an Gill Gardener. H — Some gentlemen require tiicir {fardencr; save nil their own seeds, aud tliat from oie den, particularly if the fjarden is of considei a- 2 ; and in case of failure from wet or t rv 5, suchns the last, the gardener, if unfir- atcly he cannot save enough of seeds for 1 is , incurs his master's displeasure, if not his d s- . My object is to show to those gentlen: in t t!ie thing cannot be done beyond the con- nest soi-ts of peas, beans, potatoes, &c. Mt ly itlcmen are not aware that tlic seeds of tie olc Irilje of Brassi.'^a plants, including all be eties of cabbage, caulifloner, brocoli, Brussd;: outs, brocole, savoy, turnip, &c. &c. will 1 B- oe hybridised by the pollen of the flowers co5- in contact promiscuously. As most of th( le nts flower at the same time, not only the wis!, the bees, butterflies, and other insects, se licient to eflect an intermixture of the polld. the whole be in one garden, the saving te ds of such a variety of sorts .as are w-anted y gardener cannot possibly be accomplished ; a appointment not easily to be endured must taK ce. To have his cauliflowers genuine ani ly, his brocoli of sorts (six at least) true, hs ^bage early and l.nte, so as not to disappoinl i at the time they are most wanted ; his tiir- s of the different varieties, not to mention iet- e, radishes, onions, carrots, &c. — which, it is U known, are as easily hybridised by proximity the Brassica tribe, — is not possible, unless the rds aie saved from plants growing at proper tances from each other ; and I maintain that ■ limits of any garden, however large, do not' jiit of their being placed at this distance. Per- 3s a garden of ten acres, (and there are very V in the country wliich can boast of such an ex- it.) may be thought by many to answer all llie rposcs of seed saving: but it is a well known t, t;iat an intermixture of the pollen has been 3Cted at a much greater distance than such a rden will aflbrd ; consequently, disappointmertts St ensue of a rafiire calculated to endanger the rdener in his situation. The established nur- y and seedsmen of celebrity round the metrop- 5 may always be depended upon for correctness their different varieties of seeds, as their credit success in trade depends on their particular ention to that department of their business. t how do they maintain this credit? It may not known to many gentlemen, that the nurseiy- n do not save all their own seeds, for the very ne reason that the gardener cannot ; namely, the vvaiit of extent, ind yet there are several rstties above €0, and some above 100 acres. wer seeds may w-ith greater facility be ob- ned, where there is a Iar ^^^^ j.^^j^,^ ^^ compare w°ith the loss of a crop. bridge, witiiout interruption to the navigation. 3s, 24 seeds of nuts of corypha talicra ; 1» of | [Doane's N. E. Farmer.] It is intended to accommodate a large proper- cm were carefully wrapped up in paper, not ins I tjg,, „f the travel that is now drawn to London which germinated ; and r3 of them were 1 2d- i i\Itlhod of making soup of bones as practised in | Bridge. And some conception can be formed of din powdered eharcoal, every one of vtUch \ the hospital of Monlpelier. — The various means of j its importance, from the fact that from 00,000 to ew freely. i extracting gelatine, hitherto published, require no |'J0,000 footmen and about 5000 carriages, of all ■ j incoDsideiabIc attention and expense. The Man- 1 descriptions, pass the bridge daily. And when TURNIPS. 1 agers of the hospital of Montpeiier have succeed- the Tunnel shall be completed, it will present a Turnips love a light sandy or gravelly soil, ir a g^ in a more economical method, namely — j spectacle of no ordinary interest and grandeur.. ndy loam. It should be made soft and fine, The bones are broken with a hatchet into 'I'hc commercial wealth and naval power, of the I too rich, lest the turnips be rank and ill-tst- pje^gs^ froni an inch to an inch and an half long, British empire, riding 50 feet above a ceaseless .1 with which an earthen pot is made two-thirds full, current of her population passing from one sec- Ground that has been newly cleared, yieldslhe ^Vater is tiien added, an earthen cover is adjust- ' tion of the metropolis to the other ! rgest and sweetest turnips ; and on such a i)ot gj^ ^^^^ jj^g p^^ j^ placed in an oven immediately ere is the'least danger from insects. 1 after the batch is withdrawn. After remaining I Bleaching Straic—The customary mode of Next to new land, swarded ground is to be cbs- : ^-^^^ Jiours, tlie not is found to contain very fat ' bleaching straw for ornamental use, has been to I for a crop of turnips; and the way to prefire .jjjij gglji^ji^Q^jg ^'^^p_ -j-jji^ being poured off the ' stove it in a case with burning brimstoqe. Bnt is, to plough it pretty deep in the spring, nd ,^^^ j^ ^gj^ji^ jj]]pj ^^.j^l^ water, place4 again in a ' there is a readier method, if judiciously applied -. Id it by turning in the stock for a good numicr ^^^^ ^j^^j^^ ^^^ affords, after an exposure of six j take a solution of muriatic acid, and saturate it nights. For there is scarcely any of our fiids hours, broth less rich than before, but still of i with potash until tlie effervescence subsides. Dip ifficiently rich to produce turnips without ia- ^^^^ quality. In is filled a third time with water, I the straw in the solution. — /\gain, the oxygenated iring : and folding hitherto appears to be fie^j^j being heated seven or eight hours, yields a ^ muriate of lime whicli may be had at any apothe- ;st method of enriching the ground for this pir-i jy'gg), supply. These three portions are then mix- ' cary's shop, dissolved in water, will bleach straw ise. It should be well harrowed as often as once I gj too-ether, and being properly seasoned with : without tha least diminution of its flexibility. week, while the folding is continued, to mil the>^.gt,ptables, the whole affords a very nutritious I icrements of the cattle with tlie soil. I j„a valuable article of diet. Six killogrammes of 1 ^^'S""* tmploi/ment.— There is a lace sclioo! The ground should be cross ploughed is soon tones extracted from coarse meat, produce twen- ' o'' "i^^^^fa^'^'X established at Newport, Rhode- thesoil is sufficiently rotten, and reduced by tv-.ono killogrammes of broth, which is a sufficient Island, which gives profitable employment in this arrowing to a fine tilth, before it is sowed.— tity for dealing out to four hundred and forty I "^w branch to 500 young ladies, and the various /here a good stock is kept, as much as an acre ^fjhe hospital poor I articles of their ingenious and tasty needle will ■ " • ' xiiere is no process which requires less skill j !"=ar comparison with any thing of the kind ever d IS more economical, for it saves even the ex- 1 '°'P°f,^^"- „ , ,. . . J. j. , [Who can reflect upon the preceding statement and not be delighted with its effect, whereby_^i'c ay be sufficiently folded. The time for sowing the seed is about the niid- le of July. IJoing it on a set day is ridiculous : ir a time should be chosen when the ground has le right degree of moisture to make the seed Thames Tunnel. — After copying the account of Aunrfrecf young ladies are enabled to earn are Egetate ; an°d if this should happen a week earli- lie bursting in of the tunnel under the river spectable livelihood, and preserve themselves r, or a fortnight later than the usual time, it need Thames, at London, the Editor of the Greenfield ; against those temptations which beset worthy fe- ot be regretted ; but the opportunity ought to be Cazette, adds the following information. i males unblessed with wealth ? There is more in mbraced. i | This stupendous undertaking is not likely to fail ! this little item, than in any of the largest speeches I have sown them in drills the first week in Au- 1 jn consequence of the late disaster. ust, and had a good crop. One great advantage f sowing so late is, that the turnips will escape osects. And if the crop should not happen to be uite so large as if the sowing had been earlier, he roots will not fail of being better for the table. One pound of seed is the common allowance for .n acre of land. But to guard against the fly, the uantity may be a little increased. And it is re- oramended by judicious writers, that it be a mix- ure of equal parts of new and old seeds, that the jlants coming up at different times, the one sort )r the other may chance to escape the insects. — iVHh this view, Mr Tull constructed his turnip Irill to lodge the seeds at different depths, which t seems had the desired effect. The seed sown broadcast must be harrowed in with a short tiued harrow, and then rolled with a (rooden roller, to break the clods, and level the urfaoe. The final success of it was at first doubted. — One former attempt has, we believe, been made |o construct a tunnel under the Thames, and Ibandoned. The present work has been in pro- gress some few years, and was completed nearly two thirds of the distance across the bed of the river, when the water burst in. It has been re- garded by some in this country, as rather an af- fair of curiosity and wonder, considering the mag- nitude and boldness of the undertaking, than a work of public utility. But it is of great impor- tance to the city of London, and the population of the south of England. There are six bridges across the Thames in London, viz. London Bridge, which was begun in 1176 and finished in 1209, Westminster Bridge, begun in 1739, and completed in 1750, Blackfriars commenced in 1760 and finished 1768. Waterloo, ever delivered in congress against the expediency of encouraging domestic industry.] JViles' Reg- We have seen a sample of wool taken from a four year old Merino buck, owned by Mr Charles L. Smith, Esq. of Newhaven. Sixteen pounds of wool was sheared from this sheep a few days since, of three years' growth, measuring in length 11 inches, and of a very fine and superior quality. Keene Sentinel. A company is incorporated in Rhode Island for establishing a steam boat from Newport to Narra- ganset, and cutting a canal across the island of Canonicut. The Meetinghouse in Athol \v>^s destroyed by fire on the evening of the 7th inst. su;:po-''d Ijy design. The communion plate and mi-'i. '■ the books were saved. i04 NEW ENGLyVND FARMER. From the U. S. Gazette. CULTURE OF SILK. The succossfiil experiments in the cultiue of =ilk in diflerent parts of North America before the war of the revolution, and those which have since been made, and are now making in Con- necticut and Philadelphia, leave not a doubt that the nurture of the silk worm may be advanta- inhiimanity of persons intrusted with the sare of teams of g-ood horses. Many of them appear to derive abundant satisfaction frcm a frequent and bsvcre application of their heavy whips to the liead of the poor beast, occasionally it would seem their rival in intellect. An instance of the kind occurred on Wednesday afternoon in North Third geously prosecuted in the United Slates. The! street. A man motjnteii upon the near horse of July 13, ISi/ CRUELTY. best. This is the opinion of Mr P. as well as' Wi have had frequent occasion to regret the Doctor Vanderveer, who has a very flourishiS I ... -f ., ..._•., .t . ,. Vineyard at Flatbush, to which he made an ad'i Philiideiphia Society for Promoli.ig Jlf^ricMllure, therefore, think it their duty to recommend the extensive -cultivation of the white mulberry tree, the leaves of which, it is generally known, are j his team, was endeavoring to direct the other horse to run towards the left, by pulling the rein on the opposite side. Indignant, at length, at the j stupidity of his horse, which could not understand the best fruit for this invaluable insect. The trees j tliis .system of contrarieties, he proceeded to the may be propagated either from seeds or cuttings. [ use of his whip, and applied it with such officien- The ripe fruit may be sown in drills in rich earth, cy as to induce .1 stream of blood from the nostrils i prf'^iuced a conflagration which burnt with and if slightly covered, they will quickly vege- j of the poor bgast, besides lacerating his neck and j i"^ch violence as if the whole h:id been a he] tate. Plants produced in this way last autumn, I head. Fortunately for the cause of decency, a j of dry shavings. bore the severe cold of the past winter, and when j constable, who understood his duty, arrived and j • ~— transplanted in the spring, have grown vigorous- 1 put a stop to further brutality. Though the of- i J^<^onomical Mode of Cutting Cauliflowers - ly. Cuttings may be set out in the spring. It may I fender was not taken before a magistrate, as ho fion last Fall, of 300 Grape Vines from Mr mentier's garden. — A'. Y. Daily Mv. It may rain so hard as to set a house on fire. During Thursday evening last it rained very hi n Troy for about 1 hours ; and between 19 anu 'clock we were alarmed, says the Budget, by d ry of fire in our streets, which, on repairing' the scene of alarm, proved to be a shed containi] un^Iacked lime for the new Episcopal Churl now building in this city, the fne being occasi< ed by the .slacking of a large quantity of Hi which it contained, being wet by the rain. |tte" useful to mention to those who are unacqunint- ■i with the proper mode of procedure, that the ,round should be dug or ploughed deep and late in the autumn, left rough all winter, and after be- ing harrowed or raked smooth in the spring, the cuttings should be put in at least eight inches deep, and at such distances as will permit the in- tervals to be easily kept clean. Those who pos- sess white mulberry trees will find their profit in preparing the seeds for sale. This may be done, by rubbing them out from the ripe fruit between the hand in water, and after the seeds have set- tled, pouring otTtho water drying them in the shade. Owners of vacant lots on the ground plot of the city and vicinity, and farmers tnay add to Uieir revenue by establishing nurseries of the trees ; for there is every reason to believe, that ;he demand for them will annually increase. The value of the sewing silk and raw silk made in three counties of Connecticut, in the year 1810, was $98,503 according to the estimate of the United Slates Marshals, and as the business has been greatly extended every year since that time, it is reasonable to presume that the present a- mount of this article is double this sum It would he much increased if the value of tlie home-made stockinjjs, mitts, -and garments made of silk, and mixtures of cotton, wool and silk, with which al- most every house in part of Windham county •Jbounds, be taken into consideration. The seri- ous addition to the usual income of the farmers, derived from the culture of silk, may be considered as so much clear gain, for from personal inquiries made on the spot by a member of this society, it was ascertained, that it did not interfere with the regular crops, aisd it v.'as even acknowledged by some that they received more money from the sale of their silk, than.they did from' the produce oftheir farms. It is presumed that no greater in- ducement need be offered to farmers in other .states to attend to this profitable branch of busi- ness. By order of the Society, RICHARD PETERS, President W. S. Warder, Secretary. deserved, he was rot permitted to proceed until he properly arranged the tackling of his vehicle, and promised to be merciful to his cattle. We mention not these things as any matter of news, but av.-are that our paper will fall into the hands, or be road in the presence of, those whom such proceedings concern, we are desirous of caution- ing the unmerciful man, and assuring him that there are laws against the abuse of animals, and there are those in our city and liberties who will put those laws in force. — U. S. Gazette. Vineyards in , •Vcu' Jersey ? State of .Yew Yt and Connecticut. The public and particularly those v.'ho feel an interest in improvements in Agriculture, will r.o steid of cutting off the whole head of a cauliflovvl lea-'O a part on, the size of a gooseberry, and the leaves ; second, and even third heads willl forsied, and thus they may be eaten for two thrse months; when at present, by cutting tii heid complotoly off", the beds of Cauliflowers i ' goie in two or three weeks. — We quote the abo^ frcra a cotemporary, but with all due submission! hi! horticultural knowledge, we must say that stmds opposed to our ov/n o.'tperience. The oni plm we have found to succeed with cauliQov.'erl is o pull the.ii up at once, root and branch, an phnt others in their stead ; they do not form sepaJ at( heads like ordinary cabbages, at least Ihave never seen them do so. — Concord paper. hViler ^ ^^ _ A letter from Callao, South America, gives tl, doubt leiirn with pleasure, that°no less than seve'u 1'°''°-'''"^ ^^ '^^ P"'^^ of provisions at that placi Vineyards have been established in these statfjf, ' !" Fe^'""''J"y |"st :— '• A fowl costs Sl.OO, and if from'plants furnished by Mr Andrew Parmenti^. ' '^jeleatcd, it is $1.93— a small and poor turke; at the Horticultural Garden in Brooklyn, Lon"' ' >"'^-*'0— ;? "^ » quarter of mutton, too loan to be sol Island, and that they are all in the most flouijisir- 1 "' ^^^ ^^'°" market, $4.00— and everything el; ing condition. We are assured of the folloiji;iiK>- j '" P''°P°'."^^^1^ - f.cts : the.se vineyards are at Middletown, N. .f. Seeing is BeHeving.-Ye.tcvdai^.,, numberi and not a s.nsrle plant has far ed; those at Yel- of our citizens were gratified at seeing the .Stean low Hook, Flatbush and Flatbush ILU, L. I. ar. Grist Mill, erected in this town, upon the ori^ina' equally successful ; the one at Bridgeport, Conn, plan of Dr John A. Wadsworth, in successful oa. IS very flounshing ; and that at Philhpstown, N. { oration. The engine worked to admiration, ani \. promises to flourish very well this season.- ; propelled a stone, of the largest kind, with ^rea Several other estabhshments of the same kind aro j ease. It dispenses with the boiler, and is rluet about to be undertaken, under thq superintend. | the Safety Engine. - There can be no doubt of ita « ence of Mr P. who warrants his Grope Vines to entire success Ji. I. Amer. ' "ive, provided his instructions are followed, in cas the order contains more than one hundred plants. There can never be a finer opportunity than thf The Northampton Gazette mentions that 1G,000 ep are owned in Hinsdale, (Berkshire) most of present for forming establishments of the kind, !:,•: the wool of which has this season brought from The ATeiv England Society's third semi-annu.il Sale of American Goods of every description of- fered, will take place in Boston on the 2.5th of ne.vt month — and goods will bo received the whole of the week previous. Mr P. is unlling to select and furnish the specie of Vines most congenial to the diffjrent soils, po- sitions and exposures. Mr P. also engages that if there should happen to he any mistakes in tlir plants, he may receive from France, and they should not prove the same he .<:ells them for, hi> v.'iJl furnish those of the proper kind without any additional expense whatever. All t' e different vineyr.rds above mentioned, have been established in order to furnish the New 33 to 40 cents ; for some parcels a higher price has been obtained. lilelb litki a goo list i icll S' River-weeds, for manure. — O) these tliere arei great abundance in many rivers, wares, brooks, ' ponds, and wet ditches. When these are in full' vegetation, thoy should be taken out, and be I;!id,,] for a few days, in small parcels, to let the water I drain from theiri. They should then be laid in| heaps to frrment ; when this is over, the weedS'l York market with table grapes. Thisno'w'brlnVh 1 ^.''""''' ^® '"''""•' "''"' ''".'^° '''""'' ^^^°" quantity ofj of c'i!t!ire p/omises to be as Iucra.tive to the cult vators, as it will be agreeable to t!ie consumers. The Autumn is generally preferred in France lime, and after a short interval, turned and well^ mixed into a too dressing for grass lands Sea-weed, svveepinjs of roids, moss earth, de- lichl ■Ml4 csIq for planting the roots of tlio Grape, especially in '^'^^'^'^ vegetables, are ail useful, and ar^ to be con- dry, light or hot soils, which arq generally the ! ^■'"■"''' """ manure by the careful farmer. Vol. 5 No. 51. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 405 WATi;RING VEGETABLKS. I the Use and Muse ofwalerin:!: I'cgetablcs in hy Seasons,.and on the .Idvitnlagrs of Shade to jt.i Culiiiarji Crops in Times of great Drought. — By Mr Gonrgo Pulton, Gardener to Lord Nortli- vick, Rt Nortlnvick Park, Gloucostershiie. >ir, — As a reader ofyoiir very iiscfii! Magnzinc. y I beg 10 be allowed to ofler a few remarits tlie watering of vegetables, as applying rabre rticularly to last year and the present dry on ? Sncli seasons, I believe, have prevented lumber of gardeners from raising any th ir the variety of vegetables usually in do the cook of a considerable fiimily. The scor suns of the longest days of the year, wrinl pendent of its own use, it is also an (jxccllont pro- tection for vegetables in dry weather. r am, Sir, &c. GKORcr. rLT!,TO>-. .Vorlhaick Park, near Morclon in the Marsh. N K W ENGL]\JVD FiUiMER^ BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY J,?, 189r. Although the curculio delights most in the smooth-skinned stoned fruits, such as nectarines, plums, apricots, &c. it nevertheless attacks the rough skinned poach, the apple, pear, and quince. The stone fruits ;irc more sure to perish by the wounds inflicted by these insects, .'■o as to fall in due time to the ground, and alTord opportunity for the young curculio to hide itself in the earth Although multitudes of seed fruits fall, yet many recover from their wounds, which heal up with deeply indented .'3cars. This probably disconcerts IS cause succeed n,and almost no dew m the night, are, no , P'e recipe, which from actual observation, (in nu- curculiones contained in it. The ordinary fbwk bt, the principal causes . of the failures t lat 1 '"eroiis instances,) I behevc to be i7le. of a farm vard are great devourers of beetles ^ e generally taken place m the vegetable ki: s'- ^ \"'^° "'f |'°o', °^ '■'_'«' common yellow, or wild The smooth stone fruits from thii i: but there arc other causes, under parti circumstances, which I think ought to be lo- /»'" suces ; put it m a cup, or olhei small vessel, run without restraint, than in gardens and^'oTher ed. One is the carrying to an injudicious :x- and add vinegar sufficient to cover it. Let it stand inclosures vvhoro the fowls arc eicluded ,t, the watering of vegetables in very Iry a day or two, then apply the moisture to the Ring " Even horned cattle and all sorts of slock may ather. Mow often do we see water thrown ip- \vorm, oy rubbing it with a piece of the root, two be made to contribute to the preservation of our plants in the open air as it were at rand n;, "' ''""" "■^■"- •• -'"■• <" '■-— • ' .... J frequently the earth washed away from tt;ir it roots ? IIpw compressed the earth becor cj or repeated watering is well known, partim- ly in stifTor clayey soils. It seems against lie inoniy of nature to water plauts at all in a cl( ir iiosphero and dry state of the air. Vegetabl .■=. toad of being reireshed, in the night beco le lied, and actually scalded a,s it were in I le ,'. The sickly appearance of plants under su h atnient is soon visible, and the death of many is • consequence. I .Vater is used too freely in diy .seasons upii •stem of the plant, both by young gardenels 1 cottagers in their gardens : the former poufe on tiioiii without any other thought than ivhat necessary for the performance of the operation ; ile the latter thinks that in watering so much is doing great tilings, although his ccbbages ; in the last stages of consumption before his 33. All this is wrong, a variation in tliis as in ny other points of gardening, is better than iformity of treatment. I have found that in the ;nings sprinkling low-growing vegetables over .'ir leaves, and alternately watering their roots, 1 good method, if the surrounding air be in a ist state : but if the drougiit increases with or three imes a day, for a lew successive days, valuable fruits. 3y running among the trees they r ; 'in I'oo- """ ^""'' ""''''• ^- ^- ' "°' °"=>' '^^"'P'^ t° death multitudes of these in- "■^ ' ^ ( sects ; but by hardening the ground, as in lanes, PROCESS FOR puKiKTiKG iioNEr. '' bccomos Very unfit to receive or admit such It \^ „f„.Ij ;„ .1 ivT 1 ■ 5 nT -■ . , lender maggots as crawl from the fallen fruits It IS stated in tlie Mechanic s Mao-aziue that the d • i • i ,• • . ""/-""""•=• T«,v<, „f i\T„ij ..; „i ttT r "°'''""^".^,^"'= Besides, ihe curculio is very I mid, and when .lews or Molnavia. and Ukraine, oreoare without c • i » i t ,, , ,,• , —■" ,, "'■ w picpdre, vrunoni frightened Lv the cattb rubbin-j- affanst the tree any expense or trouble, and with common honey, o,- otherwk^ tl.oN m,nn». ; = a a„,^ ine iree, „ „ , ,. II' T- , , , J' 01 otnerwisa, tueii manner is to lold themselves a sort ot sugar whirli is solid and white as snow. „„ ;„ ^ UmV i„h „„;! f ii .^ .i 1"^ - , ^"^^ This they send to Dantzic, where the distillers 7 t , , , , grouud, where ,.. iti„i„i.,n„H,„;,. ,;„.,1 n"_ _..-A ^^'' "'"'J- '^'^y. be trampled and devoured by the use it in making their liquor. The process con- sists in exposing the honey to frost, for three week.s, in some place where neither sun nor snow cajj reach it, in a vessel which is not a conductor of caloric. The honey is not congealed, but be- comes clear and hurd like sugar. \ . VALUABLE DISCOVEnV. A writer in the London Mechanic's Mao-azine stock, poultry, (Toe. Col. T. Forrest, of German- town iiaviog a fine plum-tree near his pump, tied a rope froM the tree to his pump-handle, so that the tree wtis gently agitated every lime tliere was occasion to pump water. The consequence was that the fi-uit on this tree was preserved in the greatest perfection." 3'" I'i't'On then states that turpentine, and all says that by mixing layers of straw, in ricks or ferebmthinate substances are oiiensive to insects stacks, the strpngth of the clover is absorbed by '" general, and mentions that little bits of board, thjc ^tt;iw, which, thus impregnated, both horses "^°"'- *''" size of a case knife, dipped in tar and and cattle eat greedily, and the clover is dried and ''""o smong the branches of fruit trees had pre- pi evented from heating. This practice is particu- 5^'"*'^'' their fruit from this insect. That it was la ly calculated for second crops of clover and rye ''''°"g'''t that common turpentine would be still gijss. better, being equally jiungent and more durable in WORMS IN FRUITS, PEACH TRF.F» &c '^' effccts-that digging round the tree, and mak- „. ■ . ' 1"!,' bare their roots in winter — protectinT then", ch sunshine, it is better to withhold water for 1 ' "-fe exists a genus of insects c-.;I!cd Cnrculio, by pavements, smoking, brushinir, waterino-, &c ime ; then again to vary the system, by wat°r-i°^ ""Sins: to the Coleoptera cr Beetle order, mav be successfully employed for the pres'erva- ' between the rows of vegetables, alleys, &c., ' ^^ "•'' includes numerous species. The last Phi- tion of fruit on a few favourite trees ; "but it is ich tends, in some degree, to produce a moist ,''» ^'P'"^^ Edition of Willich's Encyclopedia, art. manifest from the precedincr history, that a rio-ht and dew. This, howexer, should only be done " ^'•'"'."contains .some observalionn on the sub- , disposition of stock, especially hoi^s amonf the calm evenings, in order that atmospheric dc.vs, je t of the insect ccmmunicated to Dr Mease, by , fruit trees, can only be relied upon "by a fanner ,1 all exhalations from the earth, water, rnd " J^n-es Tilton, of Wilmington, Delaware, which | with orchards of considerable extent. And that jetation maybe promoted. Watering when ))" ""^ ■'''P^'''l's'icd in the New England Parmer, vol. the stock, poultry, &c. may perform the task as- nds intervene is attended with good etfects, ii-pageG9- We will here give a condensed view signed them, it is evident that a proper dispositioa d aho when it actually rains ; vegetation is, in "^ "I'lt article, with such further information vela- of fruit trees is essentially necessary. latter case, accelerated' in a great degree. '"-to this insect as we have in possession and " As the smooth stone fruits are the ground nur- Jifierent kinds of shade have been used by thhk mo.st likely to prove useful, rdeners.in hot summers 'to protect vegetables, 'i'''''y i" the spring, about the time when the 1 I believe not without success. The practice fruit-trees are in blossom, the Curculiones, [in the growing vegetables between beds of aspara- l^h^pe of bugs or beetles] ascend from t.ie earth. 3, is, I think, a good one. I have, last year and crs^l up the trees, and deposit their eggs, nits, : present, had cabbages, cauliflowers, dwarf ' °r embrios, in the young fruit. The maggot thus IS of the Spanish sort, spiaage, French beans, lenclosed preys on the pulp of the fruil, «-hioli in i le-tuces, between asparagus beds, for a great I ™°^t instances, parishes and falls to the ground ; t of both seasons, when they were scanty crops j ^"^ the insect escapes into the earth. It remains ry where else m the garden. Therefore I j ■" the earth, like other beetles, in the form of a [stock of the farm, and not bcvond. the ran^e of the sider that the above useful vegetable is notj? "^ "r worm, during the winter, and is metamor- ordinary domestic fowls. Orchards of apple trees. livated to the e.xtent it ought to be, as, inde- iPhosed Into a bug or beetle in the spring. I pear trees, peach trees, «Sic. should all be in one series of the curculio, special care should be taken to have these efi'ectually protected. Unless this can be done, a farmer should not suffer them'to grow on his plantation. He will derive no benefit from them; and they will furnish a destructive vermin that will ruin his other fruits. Cherry trees, nectarines, plums, apricots, tc. should therefore be planted in Innei and hard beaten i/ards or paved yards, the common high ways of all the 406 NEW ENGLAiND FARMER. July i3, 1S27 enclosare. The pear trees and peach trees may occupy corners of the whole design, so as occa- sionally to be poured off. In large orchards care should bo taken that the stock of hogs is sufficient to eat np all the early fruit which falls from May until August. This precaution will be more espec- ially necessary in larye peach orchards ; for, other- wise, when the hogs become cloyed with the pulp of the peach, they will let it fall out of their mouths, and content themselves with the kernel, which they like better : and thus the curculio escaping from their jaws may hide under ground until the iie.xt spring. Solitary trees of one fruit or another, re- mote from the orchard, should be regarded as nur- series of the curculio, and ought to be cut down or removed to the common enclosure. A young orchard should not be planted in the place of, or adjacent to an old one, that it may not be immedi- ately infested in the curculio. " It is also apparent from what has been said, that great advantages might result from an asso- ciation or combination of whole neighborhoods against this common enemy. Although a dili- gent farmer may accomplish much, by duo at- tention within his own territory, the total exter- mination of the curculio can hardly be expected, but by the concurrent efforts of whole districts." Dr Tilton again adverts to this subject in a let- ter to Richard Peters, President of the Philadel- phia Society for Promoting Agriculture, publish- ed in the first volume of the Memoirs of said So- ciety, and says, " For destroying the worms at the root of the tree, the best method I have ever employed, is to draw dirt from the rootof the tree in the fall, and pour boiling water on the roots.— In the spring, my practice is, to return the soil to the tree, ia the form of a hill. By means of this sort, a tree may be preserved many years." The same article stales that Col. Nicols, near Easton, a gentleman who was particularly atten- tive to fruit, gave the following receipt for the destruction of the worm which is found in the wood and bark of the peach tree. " Take away the dirt from around the roots, and where yon dis cover gum jssuing out you will also find a white maggot, which is carefully to be taken away, then wash the body and roots with strong brine, which you will repeat now and then in the spring and summer." Soap suds heated after a family wash and poured on the roots of the trees, about the middle of August, have been used with success IB destroying the young worm. Surrounding the trees with straw, applied lengthwise about an inch thick, ashes, lime, &c. have also been recommend- ed, and are doubtless useful for destroying the worm, which attacks the body and limbs of the peach tree. A friend has suggested that it would be easy and e.xpedient to prevent the ravages of the cur- culio, at least to any considerable extent by gath- ering and destroying all the apples, peaches, and other fruits, which fall from the trees before the principal crop is collected. He says that he has carefully gathered, for some years past, all those fruits which foil spontaneously from his fruit trees, and which are by some called windfalls, boiled them up with Indian meal, and other proper arti- cles, and gave them to his hogs. lie thua sub- serves two useful purposes , to wit, destroys his curculiones and provides a useful aliment for his swine. He .says that since he has adopted that practice tbp curculiones have almost altogether disappeared from his premises. We would advise every fruit grower to try this simple experiment ; or at least so to dispose of his fruits which fall prematurely from his trees as to destroy the worms they contain. ■WASH YOUR SALADS IS SALT WATER. If you have no particular ambition to devour in- sects, (as the giant Garagantua did pilgrims, ac- cording to Rabelais,) with your salads, cabbages, S|-c. you will sttop them a few minutes in salt water before boiling or eating. Clean water from the sea, or a solution of common salt, will answer equally well. You may wash your vegetables a second time in clean fresh water, and the same salt water will answer for several times if it be strained immediately after, and decanted iminedi- ately before you use it. HAyMAKI>G. Care should be taken to cut grass as close and evenly as possible, because the bottom is often in- terwoven v.'ith a sort of net work of leaves and spires, which makes it much more valuable than an equal length towards the top of the growtii.— Besides, it is remarked that grass will not thrive well, which is not mown close. It is very essen- tial to improve the fore part of the season, lor, says the Farmer's Guide, " it has been found by actual observations for a number of years, tiiat on an average, more rain falls in summer after the 15th and 20th of July than before." The direc- tions which are given in English books on agri- culture for hay-making will not apply to our cli- mate, which has a dryer atmosphere and a more ardent sun than any part of Great Britain. Thus Loudon says " Care should be taken to proportion the number of hay-makers to that of the mowers, so that there may not bo more grass on hand a! a lime than can be managed. This proportion is about twenty hay-makers, (of which number twelve may be women,) to four mowers ; the latter are sometimes taken half a day to assist the former." In this country it ia thought that cutting the grass is about half the labour of making and securing the hay crop ; and women are rarely employed. In mowing without a due degree of skill, the la- bour is very severe. If a man's scythe is not well hung on the snath or snead, he will do better to hang it on a fence, and betake himself to some other employment than attempt to cut grass with it. The Farmer's Assistant says " The sneads most commonly used are bent in a twisted shapa ; but some use a snead which is nearly in the sb.ipe of a half circle, and the latter are always prefer- red by those who have become used to them They take a wider swath with the same extension of the arms; a larger cut and therefore maybe slower ; require less stooping ; and from the fo- sition of the body which is requisite to enter t'le point of the scythe into Ihe grass, being mere twisted round t« the right, little more is requis.to than bringing the body to its natural posture to carry the scythe through." Loudon says, " The waste of grass, on being dried into hay is supposed to be three parts in four by the time it is laid on the stack ; it is then further reduced, by heat and evaporation, in about a month perhaps one-twentieth more, or 600 lbs. of grass are reduced to 1)5 lbs of hay ; and be- ' tween that and 90 it continues through the win- 1 ter. From the middle of March till" September, ^ the operations of trussing anrl marketing expose it so much to the sun and wind, as to render it considerably lighter, probably 80 ; that is, hay which would weigh 90 the instant it is separated from the stack, would waste to 80 (in trussino-, ex., posuro on the road, and at market for about 24 hours,) by the time it is usually delivered to th«' purchaser. During the following winter, the waste will bo little or nothing. It is nearly obvi- ous that the same hay will weigh on delivery SD in summer, and 90 in winter. From this circurS stance, and others which relate to price, a farmal may determine what season of the year is mo« advisable for him to sell his hay." ; latenuil Improvcmcnls. — Tiie Legisl.-iture at their last winter session, passed a resolve aulhof- isiiig the appointment of a Board of Commission, ers and an Engineer, to make surveys and esti- mates of any canal or railroad which should be directed by the Legislature. They afterward.T or- dered surveys to be made, under the direction of , this board, of the route of a railroad from Boston ■to Providence, and of two canal routes connected' jwith tlie Blackstone canal. No appropriatiod I however was made for defraying the expenses of I this commission, and the board was not organized. At the last session of the Legislature, some furj tlitr provision was made in relation to t conmission, and in addition the Governor a Ccuncil were authorised to appoint two commis sioners and an engineer, to make an examinatioa aid survey of a route or routes of a railroad from Biston to the Hudson river. These two boards an now organized, by the appointment of the fof- laving gentlemen : Fur the survey of the Western Railroad. Hon. Nahum Mitchell, and Col. Samuel M. McKay. Col. James F. Baldwin, Engineer. For the Board of Internal Improvement Hon. John Mills, VVillard Phillips, Esq. ^ James Hayward, Esq. Engineer. These appointments we conceive will be higiily satisfactory to the public, and will afford an a°ssu- rance that the important investigations proposed, will be thoroughly and judiciously made. It is hoped in the survey of the Western railroad, the Commissioners will have the assistance of some of the Engineers in the United States service, to co- operate with the Engineer of the Board, as they have been employed, by order of the War Depart- ment on works of similar description in other parts of the Union, and we understand an application has been made by the Executive of this State for their aid on this occasion. — Boston Daily Adv. Commissioners Commissioners. M.V nitiion !tt iJ'tk 111 III im veiJl SuWsi pcietr islei,! jjiiiif eepn 3 11 H kicli re .■■eBiiti w r Tkt( lit! ll The 90th Number of the Edinburgh Review i» just published by Wells & Lilly ; and contains ar- tides on the following subjects : — Machiavelli Volcanoes — Anne Bolcyn, a tragedy — Revenue nd Commerce of India — British Campaign at Washington and New Orleans — Social and Indus- trial Capacities of Negroes — Catholic Question — Complaints of the Ship-Owners ; Reciprocity Sys- tem— System and Administration of English Law — History and Principles of Life Assurance — Further Notices of Hieroglyphics Terms $5i(» per annum. * Early Melons. — The Rochester Telegraph of tjie 2.3d ult. says we were yesterday presented with a fully ripe melon from the garden of Col. Oliver Strong, which, we learn has produced an abundance of Cucumbers for the last three weeks. i. M lies to j;. T filiiil intc ilofti Ttel 'eaiei teatli leEjj keriiii Alelti lit all the I icatiig ipline. •tccti Afrif rjice 1 in A uiiei I leels, lliisl xmioi ipttrej ill] pro Apers lUlilie iltelo Vol. v.— No. 51. NEW ENGLAND 1 AllMER. 407 From the Hampshire Gazelie. Tho Buflalo .Tournal of tlie 2Gtli ult. says, Con- — I fidcnco in tlic Canada market lias ffreatly diraiii- Mr. Judd — Mr Oliver Morton, of Whaloly, iii-iislied, nnd merchants are again giving a direction ms me that Canada thistles may be entirely to their provisions, through the accustomed chan- tcrminated by mowing them on the (ith and 7ih|ncl to New York. July. He has tried this mode of destroying Sparnng-Alter some remark7Wdc by Lord em several years, wuh complete success. .1. W . f.auderdale, in which his Lordship indulged the There are probably certain days for cuttiiig, Ripper IIouso with a taste of his admirable prin- itlcs, which will be more eflectut'l for their do- ciplcs and speculations. Lord King engaged him uction than any other ; but .t may bo doubted, -^ ^ ^-^^^^ p,;^^^^ conversation :— Lord K. Indeed, lether the proper imie will always be the t>th ,,y ^ord, I cannot comprehend you— Lord L. d 7th of July. Something depends on ]}^'=\],^Vs yoar aCmv. I can't find you in comprehen- ason, and the state of the sap— Rut if the C-'li i sion.—LordK. No. That I verily believe. Your's is not an exporting head. It is terribly put to it, Bolting Cloths and Constanily for sale by B. F. WHITE, No. 11 Kilby street, Boston. th are the only days that will produce e desired effect, it is to be regretted thatjMr ivcr Morton did not communicate tho infornia- n a little sooner. ' Substances preserved from Humidity. — Wheh a to raise sufficient for home consumption. Antoine Malapar, one of the directors of the bur; Sazony fiheep. On Friday the 241h August luxt, at 3 o'clock P. M. at Brighton near Boston, will be sold by public auc- tion, a choice stock of about 100 Saxony Rams, just ported in the brig Comet, Capt. Meef, from Ham- N. Y. Marble Company, who, after the explosion of that institution, escaped to France, arrived in ister, &.C. it renders them perfectly impenetra to moisture. — Mec. Mag. .>:ture of one part oil and two parts of rcsiil is i Montreal last week from Europe, in the hope, it reed, by the application of n high temperature, appears, of making a compromise with his cred penetrate porous substances, as building stoijeiJ, ' tors in this country. A few hours after his arriv- al, he was arrested on a writ for several thousand dollars. His creditors having expected his arriv- al in Canada, took the necessary means beforehand to arrest him. It may be useful to our fair readers to know that muffs, tippets, and other articles of fur, which, when put into any kind of wood or paper box or drawer, are so generally liable to injury from moths, if put into tin boxes, will remain for years uninjured. The bill for establishing the University of New Hampshire, has been rejected in the House of Representatives of that State by a vote of 121 to 4 great day's work at Shearing Sheep. — Wlflo earing the flock of sheep belonging to the is- e of Gen. John Peck, on tho 7th inst. Cl»k arshall and Isaac Smalley, sheared one huiidr|:d eep each, from sun to sun, in good order. eep were mostly of the Merino breed, yieldij )m 3 to 5 pounds of wool per head Ft. pa. There has been an affray at St. Regis, Canai the annual Catholic celebration at that pla' tween British Indians and American India: lich resulted in the death of one American and'CS e British Indian, and one Frenchman by stab- ' Iff. l. That writer does the most good who gives his ader the most knowledge, and takes from him 3 least time. The last arrivals from Europe bring London tes to the first of June, and Paris to the last of ay. The new British ministry is increasing in polarity. In the House of Lords their majority two to one ; and in that of the Commons, three ,t of four are on the side of the ministry. The English government has refused to in- ease the duty on wool, on the ground that the reneh and Dutch were already able to undersell e English Manufactures in the Me.xican and her markets. A letter from St. Pctersburgh of May 12, stated JVotice. A young gentleman who has had adrentages of the best academical, university and professional education, and of acquiring the French and Italian languages a- broad, wishes to obtain a situation which would be permanent, as professor or tutor in a college, ar instruc- tor in an academy •r school. Any propositio«s, present or prospective, addressed t* A. B. care •f Rev. Dr. Jenks, Boston, Mass. will rereire immediate attention. These sheep were selected from the purest blo»d in the kingdom, and will be found at least, equal in point of fineness of fleece and symmetry of (orm to any here- tofore imported. The sale will be perfectly free and unlimited. Samples of the wool from different parts of each an- imal may be seen at No. 46 Central street, or at the office of the auctioneers, at any time prerious to the ale. COOLIDGE, POOR &. HEAD. PRICES OP COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening. \ few copies of the Farmers', Mechanics', Manufac- turers' and Sportsman's Magazine, for sale at this office : this work will be a valuable acquisition to any gentle- man's library — among other engravings are ome of the celebrated horse Eclipse and also one of Duroc. Also a varitty of the most approved agricultural books. Tut nip Seed, Sfc. Ijust received at the New England Farmer office, No. 51 North Market Street, Boston, an extensive assort- ment of Turnip Seeds, some of which are the growth of tMe present season — the finest sorts either for family use at a fleet of 18 sail was fittfng out at Cranstadt »'''°^,^.- J''" "IVl^^fr^u ^Y'^" v^f^^ej "^ the White Stone,VVhite Dutch, Red Top, Yellow Stone r the Mediterranean. Some suppose this as in- cating war, but others are of opinion, that dis- pline, exercise, and the usual routine of national mcerns are the only objects aimed at. A frigate called the Guerriere has been bujlt in ranee for the Pacha of Egypt, which had arriv- in Alexandria, but a corvette, which accom- inied her, is said to have been captured by the reeks. It is stated that Lord Cochrane has commenced lerations with success against the Turks, having .ptured four Turkish vessels at Navarino laden ith provisions for Ibrahim Pacha. YiUow Malta. The Yellow Stone is one of uncommon eicellence, and keeps well. Of the sorts for field cul- tiie, the White Norfolk, White Globe, Green Round, anil Yellow Jlberdern or Bullock are preferable. The Yellow Aberdeen is most approved among the farmers of England and Scotland, as it grows to a large size, is very sweet and nutritious, and keeps till June. Also, Yellow Ruta Baga, or Russian Turnip, of the best des- cription. The above seeds were saved in Europe ex- pressly for us, and the utmost dependence may be placed upon their genuine quality. A variety of Long and Turnip Radi.-ihes, suitable for growing the three ensuing months. Prickly or Fall Spinach, Long Prickly and Early Cluster Cucumber ; also the genuine Girkin or West India pickling Cucumber, one of the finest pickles. — The seed of the Scull Cap may yet be sown to A person in Rochester, N. Y. is shipping large I advantage. lantities of kiln-dried Indian meal to Montreal, At this place is kept the best supply of seeds, native nee to be sent to the W. Indies. *"'' imported, that art and industry can procure. Cata- ■ I logues furnished gratis. July 5 APPLES, best, aBHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo, No 1, new, - - " No 2, new, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimraed milk, - - FLAX ..-----. FLAX SEED FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard St Genesee, ... Rye, best, - - ^ GRAIN, Rye - - . - - - Corn - ... Barley - . - - Oats HOGS' LARD, 1st sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - LIME, OIL, Linseed, Phil, and Northern PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover .... WOOL, Merino, full blood,wash do do unwashed do 3-4 washed do 1-2 & i do Native - . . do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinning, 1st sort bush bbl bush bbl cask al bush lb. 80 00 95 00 1 62 9 25 8 12 6 75 OT none 82 50 96 00 2 00 9 50 8 37 7 25 15 10 6 PROVrSIOJ^ MARKET. BEEF, best pieces - . - - PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, . . - VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, ...... BUTTER, keg & tub, . lump, best, . . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . . - - Indian, do. - . - - POTATOES, (new) - - • - CIDER, (accerdinj to quality) Lus 90 1 00 5 50 5 62 4 7; 5 00 cone 80 60 1 00 40 9 10 12 15 1 no 1 10 77 78 2 75 3 00 13 00 14 00 10 75 11 50 1(1 50: 11 00 1 50l 1 75 8 10 33 45 20 25 28 34 25 30 20 25 33 37 25 30 28 32 » 10 8 10 none fi 8 5 7 15 20 15 14 14 16 bbl, 1 2 001 1 00- 4 0(? 408 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 13, 1827. fHistclIanstB. THE STORM OF WAR. O ! once was felt the stoim of war ! It had an earthquake's roar, It flashed upon the mountain height, And smoked alon^ the shore. It thundered in a dreaaiingf ear, i And up the Farmer sprang ; It muttered in a bold true heart, And a warrior's harness rang. U rumbled by a widow's floor, — - All but her hope did fail : It Irembk-d through a leafy grove, And a .niaiden's cheek was pale. It steps upr.n the slernirg sea, And waves around it howl ; It strides from top to foaming top, Out-frowning ocean's scowl. And yonder sailed the merchant ship. There was peace upon her deck ; cler rrieuQ:y flag from the mast was torn. And the waters whelmed the wreck. But the same blast that bore her down Filled a gallant daring sail, That loved the miglit of the blackening storm And laughed in the roaring gale, * » •» ;•■ The stream that was a torrent once. Is rippled to a brook. The sword is broken, and the spear Is but a pruning hook. The mother chides htr truant boy, And keeps him well from harm ; ■VV hiie in the grove the happy maid Hangs on her lover's arm. Another breeze is on the sea, Another wave is there. And floats abroad triumphanUy, A banner bright and fair. And peaceful hands and happy hearts And gallant spirlls keep ' Each star that decks it, pure and bright, Above the rolling deep. Con-. Minor. The following toast was given by .Tudge Fiske, at the late celebration of the anniversary of the Charleston Forensic Club : The Lawyer's Declaration — Fee simple and a simple fee. And all ihefees in tail. Are nothing when compared to thee, Thou hf St of fe-i-s, Ts-ma!e. One SwaUuiv does not make a Summer. One iiarp frosty day, the Prince of Wales went into Uie Thachedhouse Tavern, and ordered a beef- steak ; but observing that it ,vas e.vcessively cold, desired the waiter to bring him first a glass of brandy and water. He emptied it in a twinkling, Uien a second, ti-.en a third. " Now," said his Royal Highness, " I am v/arm and comfortable • bring my steak." On this, Mr Sheridan, who was present, wrote the following impromptu : " The Prince came in and said 'twas cold Then put to his head a rummer ; 1 ill simllow alter sicalhw came, Then hir pronounc'd it jumnitr." This last week, a married womaTin the uei-h- boring towh of , ,vho had been working in a cotton factory, mi.se,! some hour or so after sun- set, her little boy of about four years old. How ■ong he hart been gone could not be told, for the woman had been hard at work all the afternoon, and all others were too busy to cire for her or her clu.d. Her fi.st search was .ilent and alone —hoping, to find him, and disliking to communi- cate a mother's apprehensions to the other mules and females of the cotton factO:y. The night grew very darlc and the search very hopeless, and resort was finally had to all the men, women and children of the establishment, to liolto her find her boy. The buildings with all their "stores and cellars, their sluices, wheels, bands, buckles, were , „>.- aoov« reminus us oi a Philadelphia Law, searched with an awful apprehension on the part who in closing an argument, made use of the' ot the mother, and on the part of her assistants ilowing overpowerino- lan=jc uay. wiin DiacK legs, mane and told his name .ind family, and that he had sood temper, will tt^nd at the farm of "..Ir >teph been originally intended/o. the church. " Rather ! ^ViHiams in .N'r.rthborongh ( > s.) at $20 -he .easo^^ tor the .firey^/e ;" replied the royal humorist, With *"" "■"■""'"-" " • "" -' her usual camplacency. since, an eminent lawyer of K'""^'^"".> '"'' s-''*^ •'7 French ,!c A\ . Id. 3l' & 32 Sol I '*'aiki-t street, snie aif^n(« foi pending Ui. same. ' Balhus. — Not Ion Ohio, closed a pathetic harangue to a jury in tollowing striiin : And now the shades of ni-ht had shrouded the ea|:th in darkness. All nature lav wrapped in sol- emn thought when these defendant ruffians came rushing like a mighty torrent from the hill = he paid before the man s are taken away See »( F.nglanH Kani.er, May "Zh. J. i{ A. Fales' Patent Jloes, .he Kai- pnhlishi d , v.rv i ridn at |3, jper,tnan,n. or $2.50 if paid in ,...,, „,Kf. .. Gentlemen who procure /?« respon.'il.'e subseribei are entitled lo a jj.T/A volume gratis .' I V . NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Piiblislieil by Joii.n B. Rcsseli. nt No. 'i'i ISortli Market. Street, (over tlie Agricultural VVnrehoiisc.) — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. V BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 20, 1827. No. 52. hohticulturl:. TEMS, FROM LOVDON's O.VRDENER's MAGAZINE. Pruning Vines mid dtnuding them of (htxr icavcs in Seplembir. — A correspondent who aigris 'hilalethes, says, if yoti will have tlie goodness to efer to Hales' Vegetable Statics, vol. i. page ;37;', ou will find the following passage, which shows iiat the practice of priming the vine in Septcui-I er, described in your last number by Mr Salis- tirv, was perfectly well known to gardeners in !ie neighborhood of London, a hundred years go. '■ And the reasonableness of this practice is fur- her confirmed by the experience of Mr Palmer, a :urious gentleman of Chelsea, who has found thai )y pruning his vines, and pulling all t!ie leaves of! hem in September, as soon as the fruit was off, hey have borne greater plenty of grapes tliai )ther vines, particularly in the year 173G, whei 'jy reason of the e.\treme wetness and coldnes.s of the preceding summer, the unripe shoots produc- ed generally very little fruit. Betaining good Varieties of Apples in the Coui- i.ry. — A correspondent in the Mechanic's Magt- zine makes a very easy matter of what Mr Kniglt and other physiologists considei- very difficult, if not impossible. It is no wonder, he says, that the finest apples have degenerated, because '' every successive grafting is a new pejoration of the fruit engrafted." To retain good apples in '.he country, " without the pains of grafting," he ;r'iies the following directions ; on which we would ob- serve, that as he mentions only " good fruits," and not "any particular variety of fruit," he may prob- ably be correct ; or, at any rate, under that form of v.-ords he evades the question of perpetuating the peculiar qualities of a variety : say, for in- stance, of the golden pippin. " In every perfectly ripe apple there will be found one, and sometimes two, round seeds ; the others will have one or more flatted sides. The round ones will produce the improved fruit from which they are taken ; and those with flatted iides will produce the fruit of the crab upon which the graft was inserted. It requires not a long time to ascertain the difference : for if a circle is drawn in rich ground, and the flatted-sided seeds planted therein, and the round seeds in the centre, the variation of the quality will be discovered in two or three years ; the first will throw out the leaves of the crab ; and the latter the leaves of an improved tree, distinguished in shape, fibre, and a lanuginous appearance ; and in due time the fruit of each will put every thing beyond a doubt. " It is to be observed, moreover, that the seeds of crabs (being originals) are inostly, if not alto- gether, round." We should be happy to hear the result of a few trials. Take a bud from the seedling the first summer, insert it in the extremity of a branch of an old tree, and it iviil probably blossom the third spring. Thus three or at most four years will suf- fice to prove this theory true or false. Suhsiitute for Ringing. — As oil is well known to indurate the bark of irees and prevent its swel- I ling, we would suggest the idea of trying oiling a broad zone of bark, as a sub.stitutc for ringing. Remarks on the Choice of Seed Potatoes, and on the general Principles of cltoosiii':; Seed and pre- serving Friiil.<;. B;i n Denbighshire Gardener. — Preferring unripe potatoes for seed is not new in practice — it has for ages prevailed ; for wliore do the farmers of the rich soils and warm countries send for their seed-wheat and seed -potatoes .' — To the cold, hilly countries, where they do not, one season in throe, thoroughly and perfectly ripen their seed. In Denbighshire, we call the hilly or unripe potato the u>et potatoes ; and those from the rich soils and warm situations, whore they ripen perfectly, we call the dry potatoes, al- though exactly the same variety : the wet, or un- ripe, are reckoned best for seed, and the dry for food. The potato tuber is a perfect organised system, in which the circulation regularly pro- ceeds, and if suffered to ripen, will then tend to decay ; but if separated, before ripe, from the stem or stalk, which furnishes it with blood or fruit-sap descending from the leaves, the circula- tion of the blood-sap is suddenly arrested. The ripe potato, having performed all its operations, becomes more inert ; but the circulation of the sap in the unripe tuber having been stopped, it starts more readily, and with greater vigor when planted : — the one seems to die, worn out with age, the other seems accidentally to have fallen asleep, and when awoke, possesses an unspent vigor and energy. This is the case not only with the potato, but also with the apple, pear and other fruits, whose life, if I may so express it, you wish to prolong or extend beyond the time naturally al- lotted to it; you take them off the tree long be- fore they are ripe, and experience has taught us that they will keep much longer, and eat much fresher, than those suffered to grov; ripe upon the tree : the same is the case with the potatoes taken up before ripe. Placing the potatoes upon the gravel, or any dry but not grass walk, in the sun, has the efi'cct of stopping the circulation in the tuber, in which nature has provided resources to carry it on to an extraordinary degree, unless so stopped. If you will examine the potato stem or plant, when the tubers are beginning to be formed, you will find that the potatoes are placed upon the runners pushed or issuing out from the plant or stem above the set : the functions of the set are to push out roots to gather food from the soil to supply the plant and leaves with that food ; and from the leaves the blood or fruit-sap flows down to form the runners and new potatoes ; and the more you earth up the plant or stem, the more rurwiers are formed higher up on the stem, and the more potatoes are produced. Permit me to add, that all the best farmers in the warm and rich soils and warm climates find their account m changing their seed-wheat ; for that they send to the poor soils and cold climates, often to the poor cold chalk-hills in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire ; and uhat is the sample of the wheat they obtain from thence ? — notoriously the most shrivelled, from being cut before ripe. — If farmers op rich soils would reap their wheat. preserved for seed, before ripe, they need not he at the expense, trouble and inconvenience of send ing 100 miles for their seed wheat, which is often the case. The present season of the year being favorable to you and your readers putting my observations in this and my former letter to the test, viz. earth- ing up the potatoes, causing them to be later ; earthing them up, after taking away a few of the earliest, causing them to throw out new runners and produce more potatoes ; the top or eye-cuts producing potatoes a fortnight earlier than the bottoms of the same tubers, £ic. I trust that I shall see the results of their observations in the ninth Number of your interesting publication. Writing for plain, unlearned men like myself, I deem it unnecessary to hunt in dictionaries, and other such learned books, for scientific or philo- sophical terms to garnish my tale, the want of which, I trust, will not render it less useful, or less acceptable to you and your readers. I am Sir, &c. A Di;nbighshi!ie Gardener. Simple node of Destroying Smoke A corres- pondent of the Birmingham Chronicle says," Many years ago, I had occasion to make a number of experiments, on an extensive scale, on the evaptf- ration of liquids, and in one of these a large boil- er was covered with boards, and a communication made between the covered space and the flue of the chimney, so that the steam might be drawn up by the heated air and the smokfe. One effect, produced was the complete destruction of the smoke, aiir. sicarcely any steam issued from the top of the chimney. A small boiler which might be heated by the fire from the main boiler, or; when necessary, a very small pipe from the en- gine boiler, to throw a quantity of steam into the chimney, would perfectly prevent the neighbor- hood from being annoyed by the clouds of smoke, as is now the case. I have sent the above for insertion in your pa- per, that the world may not be pestered with pat- ents, in a matter where every man who has an en- gine may be his own chimney-doctor." THE CANKER WORM. A correspondent suggests the propriety of re- minding our farmers of the utility of adopting timely measures to preserve their orchards from the desperate ravages of the Canker Worm, at this season of the year too, when the trees are in a tliriving and prosperous state of cultivation. It must be recollected what destruction was made last year auiong the fruit trees on this island, by this loathsome insect, and how many orchards there were totally stripped of every leaf — while others were aifected in a trifling less degree — leaving them as naked as do the blasts of Au- tumn, and exhibiting a florid and famished ap- pearance almost indescribable. The correspond- ent informs us that he has visited the orchard of Geo. Irish, Esq. in Middletown, and witnessed the beneficial effects produced by the means he has taken to preserve his trees. Last season, Mr Irish was one among the number who suffered very materially from this consuming insect, when h*} 410 NKW ENGLAND FARxMEU. July ^'0, 182"/. caused all his trees to be tinned — which rid tiis orchard entiroly of thcni, and it now looks as well, and will, undoubtedly, yield as much fruit this season, as though nothing of tlie kind had ever interrupted it. Let those who are interested, visit ; ing the crest, or, as it is called ' the sail.' It is always wafted in the direction in which the sea .sets, and is therefore said to sail always to wind- ward.— It is found in the Atlantic, and every sea in certain latitudes ; and, although no ship cross tic, but much more severe.' SALPA BICAUDATA. the orchard of Mr Irish, he will explain to them es the ocean without meeting with this curious the nature of its operations, and they will then be production, there exists no figure which gives a bettor able to judge of the correctness and prac- correct idea of it. It feeds on" small fish and ma- ticability of resorting to similar mcit\is,~-j\'(uy, as it was taken towards night. The interior tentacula, with the larger vessels to which they were attached were cut oft" and laid by in water to be examined by day-light, but they became spoiled, and no other opportunity occurred. Those large vessels, I suspect, ;inswer in this animal the jjurposc of stomacli, the nutritive part of the food feeing absorbed and conveyed to them by the shorter tentacula, which are terminated by a suck or ; the longer and simple tentacula being intend- ed to take its prey. The longest of the latter may be shortened to the length of a foot or less, or extended two'or three fathoms. This animal is transpareni, and owes the colour of its body to refraction ; but its tentacula are really coloured with purple and red." In his Lictures he also describes the animal, and gives a curious drawing— Without reoeating what has been remarked before, I will only add" some Jurther particulars :— " The Physalis is perfectly transparent, but appears red or blue or green, ac- cording to its situation with respect to the sun. As it is filled with air, it floats with the greatest part of the body out of water. The tentacula being immersed, when these are relaxed they oc- cupy a considerable space in the water, and, as it is the denser medium, it has more power in bear- ing the animal along than the wind, notwithstand- is effected. Tl'e cavity of the body is always empty ; and I could find no vestige of a mouth. I suspect that the nutritive particles of its food are absorbed by the short tubular tentacula, which are furnished with suckers. It is covered with a very caustic fluid, which when it touches the skin ex- , cites n burning sensation like the sting of the net- ^^''^' ^^^ considered one of the wonders of the "'orhl thirty years ago, when it has undergone the test of close examination, comes at last to be aty disputes or little bickerings that may aris< among the pigs, eitlier in respect to rank or con dilion, and in singing them to sleep. The boyt art chosen for the strength of their lungs, and thtir taste and judgmer.t in delighting the ears ana lulling the senses of the swine ; they succeed eath other in chanting during the whole day, to the apparent gratification of their brute audience." CniNA.MPAS, IMPUOPEULY CALLED FLOATING GARDK.NS. The description of these by Humboldt falla greatly sliort in singularity, to that previously given by the Abbe Clavigero ; and that of Mr Bullock falls equally short of the former : so that little more than an ordinary appearance ; and a [Professor Peck in his lectures says, " I do notlchinampa in the Mexican lake, differs only from a find this genus de.scribcd ;" and then gives the Ismail osier holt in tho Thames, in being planted following account of it.] jwith cabbages and potatoes instead of willows.— " The body approaches an oval form, ,ind is tcr- « They are artificial islands, about fifty or si.xty minatod hy two appendages which are nearly as ,^irds long, and not more llian four or five wide, long as the body. This species is about half an Separated hy ditches of three or four yards in width inch long, and, under a moderate magnifier, is a jlnd are made by taking the soil from the inter- beautiful object. Although transparent, the con. Uening ditch, and throwing it on the chinampa, tracting niuscles, or what appear to be such, are j liy which means the ground is raised generally'' more visible than in the other species. about a yard, and thus forms a small fertile gar- ' The lower aperture is surrounded by a radiated den, covered, with culinary vegetables, fruits, and body, which I at first supposed consisted of the flowers. Mexico receives iin ample supply from organs of respiration, analogous to those of the tleso sources." Doris; but, on further examination, I found it made up of the young of the Salpa, placed radia- ^^^^ Jl'orms. — As there are a great many per- tiin in two scries or layers in a saucer-shaped [ 5""^ '"'^ P''6senl engaged in breeding Silk Worms* membrane. I ii Philadelphia, it has been thought useful to hint i This little animal is four sided, and refracts the i '° Uiem, tliat they will find it most to their inter- '*, rays of tho sun very remarkably. The solar light j '^^'■1^° permit the paviUions, or butterflies, to go refracted by tho purest diamond is not more beau- ' Ihrtjugh tho regular process of laying eggs, than tifiiUy brilliant than when thrown from the body ■ '" prevent them doing so, by baking them, for the of this species of Salpa. When seen a fathom or ! P"'P°^g of winding Silk fiom the Cocoons. It is more beneath the surface, when the sea is smooth, ! '"ighly probable that next year, a ready sale will they appear yellow and of the richest golden lus- j '"' '"°""'^ f"'' the eggs, whereas nothing can be tre ; sometimes of a lively and bright emerald : ''"'''^ ^^'''h the silk. The Cocoons are somewhat green ; and sometimes of red more vivid than tho 'iji'rcd for the reeling of the silk, by being per- ruby ; according as they are situated with respect i '"■'^'sd, but hy means of a machine, which is ex- y to the sun. Tho gems to which I have compared i Pccted from Europe in the course of this year. — | them are made valuable by the caprice of man ;: ^^^en this machine shall arrive, a sale, will be but tliese, besides the refractive power, have the ''"""'' '®'" '■'"^ pierced cocoons, and until then, they gift of lite. They are the gems of ocean, equally ; ™*)' ^^ k^pl in paper bags. — U. S. Gazelle. precious in the eye of the Creator ; and they [itoke equally declare his wisdom and his power.'' A fouutain of carburated hydrogen gas has been discovered in Portlind harbour (lake Erie) issu- from the fissures of a rock, fifty feet above FEEDING SWINE IN MEXICO Fine breeds of pigs are kept for their fat, which i*-'^" surface of the water. Preparations are mak is used as a substitute for hiiltor in Spanish cooke- \ '"^ ^" ''^'^® " "1"°" '^ pedestal to servo as a sub- ry : the offal fat is manufactured into soap, and l''"'"-^ ^"^ '^ l>?hthouse, the quantity of gas bein the blood into a kind of black pudding, and sold sufficient to aflord a most brilliant light, to the poor. The swine are fed with maize. " slightly moistened and scattered at stated hours on the ground, which, in the yard as well as the place where they sleep, is kept perfectly dry and clean. They are attended by Indians with every possible care, — there is a cold bath on the premis- es, which they are obliged frequently to use, as cleanliness is considered essential to their ac- quiring that enormous load of fat from which the principal profit is derived. Their ease and com- fort seem also in every respect to be studiously { ^etts Register says, attended to ; and the occupation of two Indian Carrots. — An old gardener, from the west of Scotland, informs us, that the article in our last respecting carrots, as a coloring for butter, is not exactly the best plan. The proper way is to grate the carrots fine, and put water on them, and strain it out and put it among the cream. This is the common practice in the west of Scotland, and gives the butter a fine yellow color. — .V. Y. pa. Massachusetts Manufactures. — The Massachu- There are in this state )9G incorporated, manufacturing companies, with an ads Will cause a smile on the countenances of my aggregate of capital near $30,000,000 the -reater nusical readers, when they are informed that they L„r^ wonllnn :,n,1 rnffnn '• musical reaaers, when tliey are employed, from morning tiU'night in settlin [part woollen and cotton.'" »aj« Vol. 5 No. .V2. i^EW ENGLAND I ARiMEll. 411 TREES FOR PLANTING BY PUBLIC ROADS, AND FOR HEDGES. M. Hcnipol, ill llie Memoirs of the Poniologicil tjieif jciety of .Mienbourg (vol. I.) rccomnieuils the fiicj ne, the l:oise-chesmit, the oa'i, the beech, t'le rch, the common ai-ncii, and the ditrercnt spe- cs of pines ami lirs. These lie would plant in le rows where the .soil is ^ood, and in doub'c ws where it is indilVerimt, or the situation bloat, ut he greatly prefers planting fruit trees, and ould form all public roads into avenues of sweet lesnuls, aalniits, gcans, cherries, pears, apples, e. or a mi.\ture of these, according to the soil, iinate, and cxpo.-inio. Where it is practicable e would plant a row of apples and pears next the )ad, and another row of chcsniits and walnuts ur vards distant from these ; tlius forming a sort suninier avenue .»n each side of the main road, protect the traveller from the sun and the rain, low sheltered situations, where the direction the road was ca?t and west, he would plant alnuts, cherries and pears on the north side, and )W trees, such as apples and mulberries, the lat- :r to be pollarded for the silk-worm, on the south ;de, as not impeding the sun's rays from drying le roads after rain. This enthusiastic Pomelo- ist would even tiiru the field hedges into sources f fruit ; where hawthorn hedges already exist, e would cut them down and graft their roots cn- e-deu.r terres, (a few inches under ground) with ears and services ; on the sloe he would grafl lums of different sorts ; crab-tree hedges hi •ould turn into hedges of good sorts of apples : nd where hedges were to be planted, nb origine, e would oblige under severe penalty, all propric- ors and orcupiers of land to use the commoner orts of plums. But in certain situations he woull, owever, admit of the elder, filbert, barbery and ■thcr fruit bearing plants, provided circumstances vere unsuitable for plums, and pears. As hedges or sheltering gardens, he will allow of nothing ut espaliers of fruit trees or fruit shrubs, or bods, r double rows of raspberries. — Loudon. clover is made to grow by strewing pcarl-nslies | flown, in order to see how the old ones acted. I on peal marshes." — Bulletin Uiiivcrscl. j saw them fly from branch to branch, and pick from ; 'I'C curled leaves the caterpillars, with which thev SUUSTITUTK FOR MULBERRY LEAVER, ile.v to their young to fee'd tl.em. From these DrStorlerol Bavaria has found that the leaves considerations, it is my opinion, that should the of Acer tartaricum, a hardy tree, common in the iiur.sorics, may not only bo subsliuiied for, but are even preferred, by silk-worms to those of the mul- berry ; and M. Mat. Boiiafous of Touriii, alter a great many experiments, ascertained tliat the ut ardener, instead of pursuing a system of indis- criminate warfare against the feathered tribe, avail himself of the services of these useful allies, ho might, with their exertions and his own united, soon ri' whether a young man shall know two or 1 but a number of them revived on being supplied '^reo languages besides his mother tongue, and |vvitli mulberry leaves. On analysing the leaves of sometliing of natural history and philosophy, may the mulberry, he finds they contain a sweet sub- M'^P^'J on the seeming trifling circumstance of stance, which serves as nourishment, and a resin-! ^°^^ ''° spends the few spare minutes at the bc- our matter, which he considers as serving for the S'li'ig and ending of his meals, from the age of formation of silk; and he suggests to chemists ' ^'f'^®" '° t^^'enty-five. the composition of a vegetable material combining j — these two properties, to be used as a substitute | . -^''^ ^«""'«;' Tunnel. — The large timber raft for feeding silk-worms, in the same way as lin-j '"'ended to lie on the bed of the river, over the seed cake and rape cake are used for feeding cat- \ J'^"''' ^^'^^, '«^' <^°^^'n '■''te on Wednesday evening. tie and isheep.—(BvL Univ.) It m.iy be of some j '-^''^ engine was set to work as soon as it was as- vahie to those who are engaged in the culture of, <'-e'''^ined that the raft lay on the bottom, and the silk-worm in this country to know, that the ' '■'"'^^'^ *'iey had succeeded in reducing the water leaves of the bramble, and by analogy those of some five or six feet in the tunnel, it was discover- tJie raspberry, and probably the whole of the Ru- I e*^ "'^' "" further attempts at reduction were biacea>, may be made use of for that purpose. — j useless. It v/as then tried whether by stopping The bramble abounds in many hedges, and in most , "'° working of the steam engine the height of nd "-''^ » ater in the tunnel and shaft, would increas- j or diminish, and the result was gradual but unre niitting increase. At an early hour yesterday, one or two descents in the diving bell were made ^.QUIVOCAL PRODUCTION OF PLANTS. " It is undoubtedly a very remarkable phenome- iGn, that the earth, when dug to the depth of ight or ten feet or more, produces many sorts of jlants, provided it is advantageously exposed to .he sun ; but what is more extraordinary, is, that this new vegetation frequently affords plants of kinds which have never been remarked in the country. It is natural to ask, whence came these plants ? Can it be admitted that the seeds of these new plants were contained in the several kinds of earth? But could all those seeds, which had been perhaps above three thousand years un- der ground, without having ever been exposed to the action of the sun, have preserved the power of generating ? If we strew ashes on high and arid heaths, we shall see some time afterwards clover and vetches growing there, though these two plants had never before been seen on those places. Shall we believe that the seeds of the clover and vetches were in the ground, and only waited for a stimulus to germinate .' But how did the seeds come there ? We know that high and arid heaths never produce clover : it cannot there- fore be considered as proceeding from a plant which formerly grew there. But even did we ad- mit the possibility that these kinds of earth may contain clover seed, this opinion cannot be main- tained in some parts of East Friesland, where wild oods on a dry bottom ; it is early in leaf, continues growing till interrupted by frost. USEFULNESS OP BIRDS. P. Musgrave a practical gardener, who has ^^■'''' a ^'ew to see the cause of the failure, and treated the subject of vermin in a scientific man- ^^'^ Brunei the younger, reported that the raf^t did ner, has the following observation on this subject, "f''- ''" o" I'le bed of the river, that it had drifted " It is a too common practice amongst gardeners some distance from the leaky spot. Among the to destrcy without discrimination, the birds which 'nany proposed plans to obviate all danger, which frequent their gardens. This, in rny opinion, is '^''^ '^''"y forwarded to the Directors, one is to lay bad policy. Although I am aware some of the tarpaulins of sufficient size, and to deposit round kinds of birds are great enemies to some crops, it '''^ edges a quantity of clay bags to keep them certainly must bo a trifling crop indeed, that will water tight. not bear the expense of a person to watch it, or a ^'^^ learn from the latest papers, that Mr Bnj- net to protect it, until it is out of danger : thus "^1 has made a favorable report as to the late the gardener preserves the birds to perform a leaks in the Tunnel. — London pa. double office, — eating up the vermin from the trees, and the seeds of weeds and eggs of insects from the ground. I have often- stood and observ- ed the male bird, while the female was sitting upon her eggs or her young, fly to the spot with his bill full of caterpillars to feed his mate or Fruit Trees. — The growth of weeds round fruit- trees recently transplanted does them much injury, and diminishes their fruit in size and quality. — Sonnini in his Biblotheque Physico-economique states, that to prevent this, the Germans spread young ; and when the young ones become so I °" ^'^^ ground, round the fresh transplanted trees, strong as to accompany their parents in quest of ^® ^^^ "^ *'^eir roots extend, the refuse stalks of food, it is really astonishing the number of cater- "'''^ '^^'■'^^ '■'"' fibrous part has been separated.— pillars they destroy. I can say, from my own ob- This gives them surprising vigour. No weed will servution, that if it was not the case that the birds ^'"^ ""''er flax refuses, and the earth remains destroy a large number of caterpillars, our trees in general would exhibit nothing but bare stumps, for the insects would become as numerous as the locusts of Spain and America. It is from that cir- cumstance that we find so few flies in comparison of the great number of caterpillars. I one day followed a nest of young ox-eyes, which had just fresh and loose. Old trees, treated in the same manner when languishing in an orchard, will re- cover and push out vigorous shoots. In place of the flax-stalks the leaves which fall from trees in Autumn may be substituted, but they must be covered with waste twigs, or any thing else tha( will prevent the wind from blowing them away, 412 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 20, 182/. From the Hampshire Cuzellc. THE HORSE. The horse family is the most iiiipcrtant among the brute creation as a servant to inaii. It includps several species, as the common horse, the wild mule, the ass, the zebra, the cloven fooled horse of Chili, &c. The common horse is found in a wild state in Tartary, Siberia, and the, interior of Africa, lie is of the greatest antiquity, and has long been domesticated in most parts of the earth for war, hunting, parade, the saddle, dt draught ; and in some places, partly for his tleih and the milk of the female. Of the varieties of the domestic horse, the Ara- bian is reckoned the best. The Arabians arc very expert in horsemanship, and their care in preserving the breeds of their horses is most re- markable. They are as careful in preserving the genealogy of their horses, as princes in recording- that of their families, and they pretend to trace ihe pedigree of one kind for 2000 years. Their Iiorses will bear the greatest fatigues, and pass ivholo days without food, living, according to tlio Arabian metaphor, on air ; they are very nimble, extremely docile, and strongly attached to their master. They arc sometimes sold to the English at Mocha at excessive rales — from 4500 to 0000 dollars. The Persian Jiorses are next in value to the Arabian ; and after them the horses of Anda- lusia in Spain, The Barbary horses are descend- ed from the Arabian, and arc much esteemed ; — one very fleet variety is used for hunting the os- trich, and is fed on camel's milk. The horses of India are small and vicious. Those of Tatlary are spirited and active, and the Tartars are skilful ri- ders; they eat the flesh of their horses, jind use their milk in curd or fermented. Of the European varieties of the horse, those of Naples shine under the saddle and in traces ; those of Spain are much commended ; France a- bounds in horses, but does not excel ■ in native breeds ; the Flemish horses have large heavy heads, necks, and feet ; Holland furnishes good draught horses ; Germany is not destitute of good liorses, but they are inferio- to those of Hungary and Transylvania ; the Polish horses are hardy, strong and useful ; the Russian horses are small and hardy, and not much regarded by other na- tions; the Kalmuck horses are able to run 3 or '100 English miles in three days, and are excellent swimmers ; the horses of Sweden are low and small, but strong and hardy. The British varieties of the saddle horse may be reduced to the racer, the hunter, the improved hack, the old English road horse, the galloway, and the pony. The race horse, is descended from Arabian and Barbary horses, which were first imported into England in the days of Henry VII and VIII ; and the present breed is unrivalled for symmetry of form, swiftness of progression, and durability un- der exertion. The hunter is derived from a mixture "of the Arabian with the native horse, and has the speed- of the former, with the durability of the latter There is a great demand for this breed in every European country. The improved hackney is derived, like the for- mer, from the Arabian and native horse, but ex- hibits a greater proportion of the latter, its form and qualities being somewhat differeat from those of the hunter. The old English road horse sprang from horses j atfive years old. Sir Archy is in North Carolins of Norman, Gorman or Flemish extraction ; it is 1 thjs season, at 75 dollars, although he is 23 yeart now nearly extinct. It was used as a pack-horse, I old tliis spring. Mark Anthony, one of his coltt to carry heavy loads. j raijsed by Hon. John Randolph, was sold last The galloway is a little horse found in Scotland j spi^ng to an Agricultural Society for 1500 dollars, and resembles the Spanish horses. j The famous Eclipse was sold a few years since The small horses called ponies are reared in the ! for 10,000 dollars, not for racing merely, but as a \^'estcrn Isles of Scotland, and in the Highland stock horse. Those arc full blood English horses, district. They were introduced into Scotland by j wliich some suppose are only fit for lacino-. It is f" the Norwegians and Danes, and are of the same j "ok so ; there is no horse so fit for all purposes of breed that subsists at present in Norway, Feroe; quick draft as this breed. They are fit for " sad- isles, and Iceland. They are totally distinct from I die, coach or cart," as an eminent statesman and any thing of the horse kind on the continent of j breeder of this noble animal said of one of his Europe, south of the Baltic. The Highland horse , colt^;. A Lovi:!i. of Good Horses. is sometimes only nine, and seldom exceeds twelve hands high. The best of this breed are hand- , WOOL. somcly shaped, and are extremely active and har- . ^^° loam that the greater part of the fine wool dv. I'" Goshen, Ashfield, and other towns in that vi- "The British varieties of cavalry, carriage and; '^'"''J'' ''^s been sold to Messrs. Kendal & Russell, cart horse arc supposed to have been derived from "f Greenfield, at from 38 to 40 cents per pound — .; the German and Flemish breeds, with a mixture ;" '^ reported that large quantities of good merino of Arabian or Spanish blood. j *'°°' '"''f'" 'he state of New York have been sold The British draught horses arc of various kinds, | "' ""-' factories in Connecticut, at from 2S to 35 but so mi.Kcd that it is diflicult to determine of j'^''"'-^- '' '^ believed that the fine wool (exclusive, what variety they partake the most. The black ' ''"^'■'■''O"-^) -"^^'d m New England the present seas-** horse is of immense weight, and is used for heavy ' °" ^'^^ "«' averaged over 35 cents a pound ; andf carts and wagons. The Cleaveland bays, which \ '■'^^^ '"o^' °^ l-'ie wool growers have not received^ owe some of their valuable properties to crosses ; ""''''" '■''^" ""° ''""ar a head for the trouble and ■ with the race horse, are some of the best horses i "^P^"^'^ of keeping their sheep 13 months. iriuft' in the island ; they are used for coaches, wagons and the plough. The Suflolk punch is a very use- ful animal for agricultural labour, and performs surprising days' work in ploughing, &c. The Clydesdale horse is equal to any other breed for The dostiuction among sheep tlie last wiuteiL and spring by worms in the head, scab, foot-rot! &c, was unprecedented; great numbers ofthe^ lambs also perished — in some flocks more than half The malady among the lambs is supposed the purposes of the farmer ; they are remarkably j ^y ^"'"^ to nave been caused by the ewes feeding true pullers. The Welsh horse bears near re- 1 "" ''^^'^''■""'S' ^^^ich were very abundant the last: semblance to the ponies of Scotland. I season. An intelligent wool-grower, in the wes- Tlie foresoing particulars are derived from Mr '^'^'"'^ P^'*^ °''""'' county, is of opinion that the Loudon's Encyclopedia of Agriculture. He has i ""'"'^er of sheep in Old Hampshire and Berkshire 70 pages on tlic horse. j '^ 'ess now than it was 12 months ago. In England, the wool growers are petitioning HORSES. ; partiament for protection to the wool trade. Sir E. Mr JuDD — Allow me through the medium of > KnatchbuU stated in the house of commons, on the your paper to call the attention of farmers in the ' l^'l' of iMay, that there was no market for British Old County of Hampshire to breeding fine horses. ' ^voe'i ii'iil that the whole stock of the last two-! At all times good horses command a higlier price years was on hand. He wished to know if the ' in proportion to the expense of raising, than other ministers intended to bring forward any measures ' stock; and wc need not fear overstocking the for the benefit of the wool-growers. Mr. Iluskis- market, when we consider the increasing demand son replied, that he did not believe that any tax for thein for stages and other purposes. Manu- "pon foreign wool would be proposed, factories give employment to them, directly or in- 1 [Hamp. Gazette.] directly ; indeed, there is scarce uny business that j — ; — '^ can bo pursued without the aid of these useful ' SPURIOUS CLOTHS, animals. It is difficult at the present time to ob- i From one of the most respectable dealers in tain as many horses as are really wanted, that are '^'°'''^' "■''" '="" "'='' i^oghsh Cloths of the spunous, suitable for our wants, without getting them from "'' '"«''"'""' ''y<=' ''^"^^ '°"'"' ""^"' way into this Vermont or the state of New York. This ought '"="'''''^- There is no doubt, we learn, that they not so to be. We can raise as good horses ^s ' <^^'"'= ''■°"' ''>'' ^''"'° s°"'"" through which they they do, if we pay the same attention to the busi- I ^'''"^ ''^°" heretofore introduced into New York ness. No person at the present day would think ! ^"'' ^°^^°"- ^he spurious or logwood dyed cloths, of having fine wool unless he had a first rate fine ""^^^^ '"^'"^ '"»''° "P ^"'^ '^■'■P"^'''' '" ""= ^''' ^•'' " wooledbuck; and why should ho expect a good h''°''"""°' ^'''=°'"° °' '^ claret, or dirty red color, colt from a horse like Sanco Panza's ? or from I ^"'^ exhibit a shabby. appearance. Our informant, the common hackneys that are led about fi-om I '" °''<'«"' ^° ^''°"' "^^ '"'^"^"'^^ '"='w<^S" '''«' g^nu- town to town? the animal himself under ordinary ! '"^ and spurious dyes, applied, m our presence, management not worth in any matket over loo i 'he test ot aqua-fortis to several pieces of cloth, dollars, and ho matched with a mare not worth "^ ''^<='^ '""'^- The effect in every instance was, 30 dollars ' ^^^^ ^^^ indigo remained unchanged, while the Our souihern friends understand this „,atter }°g^^°°'^ ''^f ^^''^ ''^^'^°>'«^1"'' 'j'^'x^V" ^"'"' bettor; they breed from horses that command I '^t hue. These spurious cloths, from the cheap- from 20 to 75 dollars the service, and are richly I "^ss of the dye, are sold at a low price, but to the paid for it, as it is no uncommon thing for them pn^^'nef '^ey will always prove a dear bargin to obtain from 200 to 800 dollars for their horse.-; I f^- ^- A™crican.l NEW ENGLAND i AKMER. 418 benolit by t'liniisliin^' fruit wliicli id wiiolcaoiiie as well as nutritious, a restorative lo tii(5 valetudina- rian, as well as an innocent luxury for the epi- cure. For furtlior notices of lliis kinil of grape, see New England Fanner, vol, v. pages 91. 101. TABM IVORK. Barn Yards. — it is not improbabln tliat toward not only more plentiful crops, but tlioae which will come to maturity earlier in the season by se- lecting seeds from forward and vigorous plants It is best, in general, to keep them in the pods, or husks, and where it can be economically done with a part of the stems, and spread them in some airy place where they arc not exposed to moisture IMPROVEMKNT IN HYDRAUUCS. A Mr John M. Cooper, from Guildhall Vt. now ^dcnt in th.s village, has, for more than a yea. t,becnin.proving a new Hydraulic mach.ne, d has succeeded to the a.tomshment o a who ve witnessed its operation. He has lately ex- ,ited one in this place, which was m sr.c _"s lows ; eight inches in diameter and o a cyhn- cal form. The machine is operated by ineans crank attached to a gudgeon upon each end u. The power applied to the machine, Wiib jo wit. swamp-mud, clay, straw, fern or brakes, 1 ^^^^^ pj. ^^^ ^^^ fruits, however, such as cucum. jr men, who were able lo throw a conUnueu ^^^^.^ ^^^,^ pj.,,j_ t^^fs, weeds, stubble which may , ^^^^^ ^j,c\ons, &c. must be cleaned from the pulp umn ofwatcr, three fourths ofan inch in diame- be worth while to mow for the purpose, &c. &c. | ^^^ mucilage which surround them: otherwise "''"'' Turnips.— U will be well to sow soot, ashes, j ^,^p ^.^j^j^^^ ^j. ^j^^^^ p.^j.j3 ^iH destroy the srerm, lime or a mixture of two or more of these over j ^^ deprive it of the principle of vegetation your turnips. Ellis, an old writer on husbandry, j ^^ |^^^ been recommended when seeds says, " Turnips sooted about 24 honrs after they I jp„ded to bo sent a "reat distance or it is Barn Yards.— It is not improbable tliat towards 1 ^|^^, ^j^^ ^^^^.^ ^^^.^^ j^y ^^,^ ^^^j^,, gradually ; ob the latter end of this' month you may have leisure ; ^^^^^^^ ^^ [„,„ ,i,q,„ ^^w and then, and not to laj to begin to cart into your barn yard such sub- ( ^^^^j^ a^quanlity together as to bring on a ferraen- stanccs as will answer good purposes for manure jj^^^j^jj ^^^ 1^^^^,^^.^ ^^^^ ^ois of the whole. The to wit. swamp-mud, clay, straw, fern or brakes, , ^^^^^ ^j. ^^^ ^^^ j-^.^^jj^^ however, sucli as cucum- are up will be entirely secured from the fly. — j ^^ preserve them a long time, to wrap them in ab- Some advise, and it may bo well, if not too much Igg^ijent paper, and surround them by moist brown trouble to leach soot and sprinkle the young tur- ] g,^ ^ writer in Loudon's Magazine tecom- nips with the liquor. M'Mahon, in treating of the ' ^^^j^ packin" seeds down in charcoal dust for . one hundred and twenty feet on a ho izontal ; and more than ninety feet high. T h^ ."a- u" is entirely different from any thing that has ■ r heretofore been known. Mr C. has in his deification for Letters Patent, termed it he lotative piston," yet it contains neither pistcn rvalvci, but has the appearance of a wheel thin a wheel, operating in such a manner as to ^^-^^^ ^^jj,, jj^p n^^y^av. M'Mahon, in treating of the ' ^,g^„ds packin" seeds down in charcoal dust for ■m a vacuum on one side,a powerful compression |^^^;^.,^ij,„ of turnips, says " the plants should bo ^^^^ purpose of°pveserving them. the other, and what is most wonderful, at each n^c^ f^^^ gg^.g„ j^ twelve inches every way ; this ] rolution, it takes in and throws out more cubic ^^^^ ^e regulated according to the strength of i charcoal dust a useful .atanure. -' ■ ■' - •'-- -1-"'" -"-"^ which the t|,e land, the time of sowing, and the kind of tur- Mr Thomas Smith, an English gardener, Te- nips cultivated ; strong ground and early sowing | commends charcoal dust as a top dressing for on- aUvays producing the largest roots.'" ; ions, and as a cure for the clubbing in cabbages. " The width of the hoe should he in proportion i The charcoal dust which he made use of was the to the medium distance to bo left between the [ refuse of a charcoal pit. It was spread upon the plants, and this to their expected size. [ground about half an inch thick before sowing " The critical time of the first hoeing is, when , the seed, and merely dug in with the point of the the plants as thoy lie spread on the ground are | spade so as to mix the top soil and charcoal dust nearly the size of the palm of the hand ; if, how- together. Six years' experience have convinced ever, seed weeds be numerous and luxuriant, they Mr Smith that charcoal is a remedy for the grub, ought to bo checked before the turnip plants ar- and mouldiness of onions ; and he has repeatedly . '.._ _i .!-_.. _: i__t 1.-: — ,1.... ., t.^11 oTirl i ..«,i ♦Uct ;t £»^f'a(>tiinUu nrpvents the clubbinff in ;hes of water than the whole space which th chine itself occupies. The machine has been pwn, and the principle of it explained, to many ntlemen of science and experience m liyaraui- ;, among whom was his Excellency the Govorn- of New York ; and it is the prevailing opinion „ all that it will take the place of every other ma- ine, both for Pumps and Fire Engines, as soon It is extensively known. , Mr. C. has associated himself with two genllq^ ■n of thi-< Villao-c, who have established a inaniv :tory on an ext°ensivc scale ; and we understanj it the company have s ' " ' *" " secure the rights fo. _ ■ . ,- ^ ler countries in that direction. [Windsor paper.] nave t;3i..ioiioiio>. « • ouglit to DO cliecKPU oeioro ine turnip piam,^ m- anu mouiuiui^sM I'l "jiuoiio , a,.^, .•<. ..".^ ..,,,.-_ — -j scale ; and we understanii j ^.j^.g ^^ jj^^^j gj^^ . ,ggj ^^-^^^ drawn up tall and j proved that it effectually prevents the clubbing in sent an agent to liii'opo,! gj^nd^r, they should acquire^a weak sickly habit. I the roots of cabbage and cauliflowers. ,r Franco, England andj ■< a second hoeing should be given when the j ^ea coal ashes injurious to vegetation. leaves are grown to the lici'jlit of eight or nine . i » *• ht- r „ a, .,(■„. ,\,^ r.^rA^y, . , '^, , , , .1 ,1 A correspondent ot air Loudon tor the trarden- inches, in order to destroy weo.., loosen the enrtn ^^,^ jj .^^ ;„ substance that a large gar- ami finally to regulate the ;.Ia,us ; a third it found ^^^^ .^_ ^.^^^^^.^^ U,;,^, .^^d been manured or coat- necessary, may be given at any subsequent pe- 1 ^^ ^^_^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^, ^^j^^^ ^^^^ ^ neighboring town ^ ' .„ , ^ , . ■ , ., for two years in succession, was thereby rendered. "Here will the farmer exclaim against ihe ex-i ^^^.^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ gardener, finding his fruit trees pense and trouble ot hoeing ; but let him try one ^^^ ^^ ^^^.^_^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ e.vpected, but attribut- acreinthis way, and leave another of the same I ._^^ .^ to a difl-erent cause, took up a number of quality to nature, as is too frequently done and I ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ substratum of ashes inorderto ^EW ENGLAND FARMEli. BOSTONrFRIDAY77uLY^,J8£7^ ISABELLA GRAP>'. We Lave seen, growing in the garden of Mr J. inship of Brighton, Mass. a fine specimen of 0 Isabella Grape, which was procured from Mr ■ince's Linnsan and Botanic Garden, Flushing, „.g Island, near the city of New York. It ap- ars from Mr Prince's catalogue that this is "an nerican grape, a native of Dorchester, South irolina, and was introduced to New York by rs Isabella Gibbs, the lady of George Gibbs, Esq. St. Augustine, who then resided at Brooklyn, . \'. and°in honour of that lady has been called e Isabella Grape. ■^ It is a dark purple fruit, of good size, oval form d juicy, and nearly equals some European kinds, d "for vigor of growth, and abundance of yield, ceeds any other yet cultivated in this country ; id requires no protection in the winter. This ape promises to rival all others in this country r the purpose of making vvine, as it possesses all e requisites to ensure success in making wine a fair quality, or of making brandy equal to that France. It ripens in September." The yine in possession of Mr Winship has had t two summers' growth previous to the present ; d it has one hundred and twenty-one large nches of grapes on wood of the last year. We ink it bids fair to be quite an acquisition to the ew England horticulturist ; as well as public .le wiil .find that the extra produce of the hoed ao[c, will more than compensate for the labour bestowed.'' them and formed a substratum of ashes in order to lay them, as he said, dry and comfortable. The trees got worse and were again taken up, and the 33towed." , „ . „ • , r- 1 I ashes "removed ; but such were the deleterious ef Loudon says ^rc/j. Gcimc, a Scottish Gardener j ^^^^^ ^j. j,jg ^gj^^^ already worked into the soil, of merit tried steeping the seed in sulphur, sowing j ^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^.^^^ previously was, and now soot, ashes am! sea sand, along the drills, all with-'. ^ ^^^ of the most productive in Scotland, was out efi-ect. At last he tried dusting the rows, ! ^^'^ ^^_ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ g,^^^ moderate crops when the plants were in the seed-leat, with quick - rii-ed " lime, and found that effectual in preventing the depredations of the fly. "A bushel of quick lime," tla.ntiivg vegetables in rows, stirri.-«g the he says is sufficient to dust over an acre of drilled , ground deep, &c. turnips, and a boy may soon be taught to lay it on | \y^ j). Rose, a correspondent of Mr Loudon, for '_ almost as fast as he could walk along the drills. — , [[^g Gardener's Magazine, observes that " the ad- If the seminal leaves are powdered in the slight- est degree, it is sufficient ; but should rain wash the lime off before the turnips are in the rough leaf, it may be necessary to repeat the operation if the fly begins to make its appearance." gathering seeds, &c. vantages of frequently stirring the ground about plants is known ; but it may not be obvious to ev- ery one that the soil can be stirre'l much deeper, when the hoe works along a continued straight line as it does between the rows, than it can be when it works in curves, or irregular roundish GATHERING SEEDS, QLC. , .^ .,.,,,,.. , c I spaces of limited e.xtent, as It does among crops It IS quite time to think about selecting seeds of P mv onions in rows sis many kinds of vegetables for future crops. It is perhaps not known or not thought of by many cul- tivators that the breeds of vegetables as well as of animals may be improved by selecting the finest sown broad cast. I sow my onions in rows six inches apart, and I can stir between them to the^ deptlt of nine inches, or a foot if I choose ; but if .hey were sown broad cast, and every plant waB of animals may be improved by selecting the finest ; - [^ ftameach other. I could Wt3tVbt specimens to propagate from. You may eWain 414 >^EW ENGLAND FARMER. July 30, J 82/ tween them with a common hoe, deeper than one or two inches. "Stirring deep and frequently renders watciinj unnecessary, because a porous surfoce is less per- vious to the heat of the sun than a solid one, and therefore keeps the ground bcnc»th both cooler and moister. Any gardener who doubts this being the case, may convince Iiimself of tlie fact by covering part of a bed of onions with three ihches of rotten tan, and comparing the soil be- neath the tan with that left bare as to heat and dryness. " Such a summer as the last proves the value of my plan; wliile the seedling crops of many of my neighbors were burnt up, mine were in lu.xuriance; my onions stood regularly at 6 inches apart, and were from eight inches to twelve inches in cir- cumference , my carrots and parsnips stood at eight and ten inches, and measured from ten to fourteen inches in circumference. Some young trees, such as acacias, (Cobbett's Locusts) which [ drilled in May last, and tliiii.ied o\it .-ind stirred between the rows, arc now three feet iiigh. I have these and other arliclos ready to show in proof of what I assert. My soil is a deep sour clay, which I dig and dung before winter, going as deep as the soil will admit, as I find it a great advantage to bring up fresh earth." DESTROY WEEDS. If you have not had time to root out all llie weeds on your premises you will at least endeavor to prevent their going to seed by cutting off the tops with a scythe or a sickle, and it will be good economy to lodge the proceeds of your cuttings in your barn, barn yard or compost bed. An antidote to the increase of weeds may be found in burning the stubble as it stands after reaping. On land that is designed to be sowed the ne.vt yeax this is more especially good husbandry ; for it will des- troy so many of the seeds of weeds, as to. prevent the ensuing crop from being so weedy as it might be otherwise. At the same time this process will destroy many insects, clean the ground, and ren- der it fit for the operations of tillage, besides fer- tilizing the soil by the ashes of the stubble. ITEMS ; CULTIVATION OF SILK. Dr Franklin is thought to have been the lirst who introduced the culture of the silk into this country about the year 1770, which became so successful that large quantities were soon exported to Great Britain to be manufactured. The revo- lutionary war, however, put a stop to the growing of silk, which had been Gonfined principally to the neighborhood of Philadelphia. At a time subse- quent to the war of Independence, a general plan for the cultivation of silk seems to have been put in operation in different parts of New England, under the patronage of the clergy. We have before us a pamplilet printed in Wind- ham, (Con.) in 1792, entitled Some Modern Direc- tions on the Culture and Management of Silk The silk raised in the single town of Mansfield, in 1835, was estimated at ,$15,000. In the counties of Windham and Tol'and in Con- necticut, silk has been for many years a staple ar- ticle of produce: The quantity raised last year in Windham alone was estimated at $51,000. The soil of Windham county is represented as general- ly hard and rocky — less valuable than many other parts of the state. Yet so valuable is the silk cul- tivation, that the price of land has been greatly advanced, and every portion of the produce in- creased. It is said that silk can be afforded by the pound, at a much leiss rate in most of the United Slates, than the averige price in France or Italy, owing partly to the rent of land being lower among us ; the climate subjecting the worm to fewer diseases ; and the tree affording more leaves for feeding them. Mr Samuel Spaulding of Middletown, (Con.) has upwards of 200,000 silk worms at work this sen- son. Mr Pliny Earle of Leicester, (Mass.) has about .30,000 silk worms in successful operation. One gentleman in the vicinity of Philadelphia has several acres devoted to the raising of mulber- ry shrubs for silk w^orms. Joshua Clarke Esq. of South Kingston, R. I. has planted this spring GOOO mulberry trees ; and in- tends enlarging the namber next season. Largo quantities of White Mulberry seed have been sent this season from the New England Far- mer office, to some public spirited gentlemen in Illinois, where they intend to undertake the re-ir- ing of silk worms ; and are confident it will be a judicious and profitable measure. Considerable efforts of a similar nature are mak- ing in Orange county, N. Y. Boscawen, N. H. Stow and Dudley, Mass. and in several other pla- ces, of the extent and success of which we cannot at present inform our readers. The Phil.-idelphia U. S. Gazette says that scarce- ly a family in that city has been without some ex- amples of the industry of the silk worm. Children have attended to them as a matter of amusement, and with such complete success, that we feel con- fident, that in a few years they will manage to derive a profit from tlioii- .amusement. Their com- mon allowance of pocket money has been expend- ed in the purchase of worms or cocoons ; the for- mer for spinning and the latter either to wind into skeins or for awaiting the approach of the butter- fly, and procuring fiie eggs in security c4"a plen- tiful production of ' spinners' for another season. We mention these facts to show the groat ease and simplicity with which the silk may be produc- ed ; and such has been the success attending ex- periments this season, that we should suppose that any desirable quantity of worms might be prncnr- ed at the proper time next summer to try the e.x- psriment of profit upon silk labours. The value of the silk manufacture of Great Britain is reckoned at $45,000,000, and gives sup- port to 600,000 souls. — Yet she imports all the raw material, and her manufacturers have hither- to been obliged to pay a duty of one dollar per pound on that raw material. The wages of the workmen employed in its different" branches amoi:nt to .$15,000,000. CLOSE OF THE FIFTH VOLUMK. We close the present volume of the New Eng- land Farmer, with sentiments of gratitude for tho favours we have received, and cheerful anticipa- tions respecting our future progress. As our cir- culation enlarges, our correspondence increases, and new sources of information relative to the great objects to which the New England Farmer is devoted, are daily developed. A still wider cir- culation would, however, enable us to be more ex- tensively useful ; and, gathering the fruits of knowledge from a wider field, we could hardly fail to accumulate a still more abundant harvest. We Iflili [fCBSl idi st :tttil «e« otii idle if iitiiiii iJiei AGi Ivlit Co: (ir li leilli It as I Uk lie llie Kite have, however, no reason for regret, nor cause o complaint, and should be very ungrateful shoul we omit thi-s opportunity, in general terras to ac knowledge past favours as well as solicit a contin uance of that patronage which alone can enabli us to make our paper profitable to the public a well as lighten the labours of its conductor. YELLOW LOCUST. This native American tree, so rapid in its growth valuable for ship timber, serviceable for posts, am ; useful to farmers, on many accounts, we are hap py to learn has been extensively cultivated thi; season in New England ; and large quantities o the seed have been sent to Europe. An accoun of its mode of culture, uses, &,c. will be found in thi current volume of the New England Fanner pa, ges 177, 189, 300, 340. HORTICULTURAL ANTi florist's socif.ties. Societies with these titles are forming in mail) of tho principal towns in England and Scotland having for their object tho improvement and intro ductioti of new species of fruit, and ornamenta flowers, from different parts of the world. Popu lar lectures on horticulture, botany, &c. are givei at the meetings. There are three which hold"thcii meetings in Edinburgh and its immediate vicinity the Caledonian Horticultural S.iciety, the Edin burgh Amateur Florist Society, and the EdinburgI New Horticultural Society. The oldest of those (the Caledonian) has a garden ; and is making ef forts to establish a regius professorship of Horti culture in the University of Edinburgh, whose oh ject is not merely the instruction of operative gar deneis ; but that of men of taste and literature to convert one of tho most useful arts into one o He most interesting of the sciences; to give ;: tJste for horticulture to the students of all thi professions. At some of the shows of fruit an, flowers, premiums of five guineas are offered foi the best varieties — We have received from Scot land a quart of gooseberries, preserved in spirit which may be seen at the New England Farmei office, which measure 4 inches in crrcumference Tho London Horticultural Society has.nearlj 3000 members ; and has honorary membeVs and collectors of fruits and flowers in India, China. Africa, the islands in tho Pacific, the northwest co.ast of America, and in fact in all quarters of the globe. This Society has introduced many valuable fruits ; and has liberally disseminated its seeds and plants to various countries. Some of their va- rieties of fruit have been received by gentlemen in this vicinity. MIDDLESEX CATTLE SHOW. We understand the Trustees of the Middlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manufacturers are making arrangements for an extensive Cattle Show, &c. at Concord. The address will be de- livered by the Hon. Edward Everett. STRAMONIUM, OR THORiV APPLE. "In Virginia,where the Stramonium is called the Jamestown weed, the leaves boiled and used at- greens, turned some soldiers sent thither to quell a rebellion into good natured fools, for eleven days, after which they returned to themselves again, not remembering any thing that had pass- ed. Ur Bartram of Philadelphia, was called to a child, seized with idiocy without fever." Th« child appeared very happy ; talking, laughing, and in constant motion ; yet so weak, it could not h WIS ilhll ((ill lyey tot' itlic h\ 11 rs Vol. v.— No. 1\EW ENGLAND 1 AllMER. 415 land or walk without tolteiing. He exhibited n emclic and tlie seeds of the thorn apple were rejected." To counteract the effects of Slramo- iiiiim, Read's pump or emetics must be resorted to. A correspondent remarks that tliis is a good time to bud cherry trees of 15 or 'M years old. — The process is thouglit to be safer than graining. JVhxteivashttig. — The practice of whitewashing- apartments eminently contributes to the presciva- tion of healtti : hence we would recommend the proprietors of cottages, to enjoin their tenants regularly to perform this operation, at least once annually. In countries abounding with lime, the ponse will be trifling ; and, even tliougli the ar- lo sliould be purchased, the whole cost will not exceed one shilling. It ought to be remarked, owever, that hoi or quick-lime is preferable to any other, and must be employed as soon as pos- ible after it is slacked ; for, by attending to this The Crops — The present prospect of grain and grass in this county has scarcely ever been sur- passed. More wheat has been sown than in former years, nnd it is coming to perf'oction in fine order. Approliensions have been ontertainod tlict the frequent rains would injure it, but this nr".M,l-OUM)i:U. rUh ctlebratiil horse, of a bright Hay, willi black Icgp, standing 15 hands high, a ccli;braltd troller, ami a triiu descendant uf the Fire- aivays, will stand at Col. .laques' stable, in Charles- town, during the srasou. Charge ,«;'.;(), and $1,00 the- grnnm — see .\ew Fiiffland F:irnier. Way 4, WiQ. ItOMAN. I his elegant, lull blooded horse, a bright lias not been the case yet, as far as wo have hoard j bay. with black legs, mane and tail, of high spirit and — a drying sun has followed the sliowers of rain > ?™'d temper, ivill stand at the farm of Mr Stephen so closely that the wet has not remained lon-r i ^\''li:"ns in .N'orthborough (Ms.) at $20 fhe season, to enough on the grain to injure it. The rye is also i ^«_^P«'tl. !:?<■•" ^- the mares are taken away.-bee New line, and the crop abundant; and the meadows are ■" Inland Farmer, May 25 oaded with the best of grass. The corn and . ,, ^"f "■''', , . . „,r 11/- ,!•,,-■ A young genllemTin who has had adventages of the other summer crops look fine, and hid fair to pro- ,„.,t academical, university and professional Education.. duce a groat yield. The harvest is commencing, ! and of aoqniiing the French and Italian languages al and if no unforeseen event of Providence should i broad, wishes to obtain a situation which would be intervene, the heart of the farmer will goon be ; l"'""^'"^"'' ^^ professor or tutor in a college, or instruc presen er. I)r , - , , ^, „.tentioD [Goshen, N. Y. paper.] iMuirvcuc, ine neari ot tne larmer will soon be ("^""•'""="'< "» 1"""^''"" '"^u^"' '""^"'"o"'! "' " cheered, in realising so bountifully the fruits of i '°'' '"=*" ''^="''^'"J'?;' "''""'• Any propositions^, p l,:,i,i,„ J ., , , • r 1 ■■ 1 r, -1 I or prospectivi-, addressed to A. U. care •f Re hi. labor, under the blessing of a kind Providence. : j,„f,,^ 4,,,on. '„„,,. ^.n, ,^,,,1,^ immedi.ile atte 111 10 .^UAllKAI.. Ihe Subscriber inlorms those ,r /• ■ • 7 T \ n r, ^bo are desirous of i.mrroring by this fine imported an „,.,,. ... '^'""'/'"•''"■'"g" ^"—'^n apothecary of Caen, I imal, that he will be kept on the farm of John Welles circumstance, its^ effects, in destroying vermin, j m Normandy, has lately discovered a method of sq. Uorcl,ester, near the Rev. Dr Codman's meetiog- tlouse, till further'notice. Terms three dollars. iid removing infection, will be considerably in- j procuring ice at all seasons of the year, by mix reased. ; ing four pounds of sulphuric acid (oil of vilrol,) degrees with five pounds of sulphate of soda A Georgian Editor adds to a thousand reason, t\'hy his subscribers ought to pay in advance, that lis Collector would have to travel 0000 miles a ,-ear to wait upon each patron annually — and yet >ven then some might be so extremely unreasona- ;k )Ie as to require successive calls ! Caterpillars. — An edict is published annually y the government of the Netherlands, ordering ill the proprietors o;' lands and farmers to clear ff these from the trees twice a year, viz. before Ihe 2.5th of iWarch and the 95th of April, under a ,j,l»enalty, determined by law. Bees — Where the buck-wheat, or, more prop- rly, b'-ech-wheat. Polygonum fagopyrum, is cc- cnsivcly cultivated, there bees collect beautiful a.\ and bad honey ; wliere the saintfoin abounds, *iere the honey is delicious, but the wax is very lifficult to bleach. Employment of Bones as Manure. — The Chcva- er Masclet has addressed a letter to M. Matthieu e Dombasle on this subject, stating how much ic was struck with the advantages of manuring ith bones, in a tour lie lately made in Scotland. le found them equally effective on sandy and layey soils, and that their benefit was felt for riirty years. On humid and calcareous soils they re of little use ; but on grass-lands tliey arc very eneficial. Rapid Travelling. — The steam-boat Connecti- ut reached Providence from New York at 9 o' lock on Sunday last week, and her passengers '■ere set down in Boston .Tt 2 o'clock P. M. making n IS hours' passage to Providence and only 23 ours from New York to Boston. (Glauber salts in povvdcr.) This nii.xturo must be made in an eaitlicn ware or China vessel, and the water which it is wished to congeal must be put in it in a separate vessel, wrapped round with flannel, cotton, thick paper, or some other non- conductor of heal, and the operation must be re- peated three times on the same body of water. Loiter;/ Business. — The selling of lottery tick- ets is completely cut up in the city. When the now law went into operation, about thirty licenses were taken out, producing a sum to the chariiable institutions of about $7,500. Since, however, the business has bceu so dull, that several have shut «p shop pulled down their signs, and betaken themselves to. other occupati:)ns. Some of the most ancient of lottery vcniers sell two or three tickets a week and some a,? many as half a dozen. Before next spring, the whole lot of lottery deal- ers v.iil be reduced to a handful. [Albany Argus.] Peaches, pears and apples are already in the Philadelphia market. The fruit this season will be abundant. Apply to A. GREENWOOD on said farm, lamffni Feb. IG. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Corrected every Thursday evening. Salaries i7i Ireland. — The salary of the Lord .ieutenant of Ireland, is 27,000i. per annum — qual to $120,000. The salaries and fees of office f the Chief Secretary of the Lord Lieutenant of reland, amounts to 6,000/.— equal to .$2tl,(jOr,,r>G, nd more than the salary of the President of the Inited States. Mr Bryant. — It is stated in a New York paper lat this excellent poet is about publishing anoth- p volume of his poems. n, S. Taaner, Esq. of Philadelphia, the author of several valuable geographical works, lias re- cently been elected an honorary member of the Geographical Society of Paris. A large quantity offish of different kinds, some sharks among them, drifted ashore dead near Wilmington, N. C. on the 3d inst. The negroes on one plantation gathered up and salted about 30 bbls. Yellow Locust Seed, Sfc. For sale at the New England Farmer office, a few lbs. Yellow Locust Seed, superior scarlet short top Rad- ish, White Mulberry, 13 varieties of Turnip, Girkin or pickling Cucumber, kc. with 'a new assortment of ornamental flower seeds. .lust received for sale at the New England Farmer oQioe, No. 52 North Market Street, the following agricultural books in addition to those advertised July F,. Dakewell on Wool — Huber on Bees — Coxe on Fruit Trees — Bonner on Bees — Kames' Gentleman Farmer — Gleanings in Husbandry — Sweet's Botanical Cultiva- tor—Nuttall's Botany — Sinclair's Hortus Graminieus Woburoeusis, C^ valuable work on grasses.) APPLES, best, .^SHES, pot, 1st sort, - - - pearl do. - - - - IIEAN:^, white, UKEF, mess, 200 lbs. new, - cargo. No 1, new, - - " No 2, pew, - - BUTTER, inspect. No. 1. new, CHEESE, new milk, - - - - skimmed milk, - - Fr..4X r Fl>AX SEED FLOUR, Ealtimoro, Howard St Genesee, ... Rve, best, - - - GRAIN, Rye Corn - - . - Barley - ... Oats - - . - - HOGS' LARD, L»t sort, new, - HOPS, No 1, Inspection - - IJME, OIL, Linseed, Fhil. and Northern PLAIS1ER PARIS retails at PORK, Bone Middlings, new, navy, mess, do. Cargo, No 1, do. - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Clover .... WOOL, Merino, fullblood,wash do do unwashed do 3.4 washed do 1-2 & i do Native - - - do Pulled, Lamb's, 1st sort 2d sort do Spinning, 1st sort PRorisrojy mjirkht. BEEF', best j-ieces .... PORK, fresh, best pieces, - . " whole hogs, - - ■ VEAL, MUTTON, POT'TTRY. ..-.,- BUTTER, keg k tub, - lump, best, - . - EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - - - - Indian, do. . . - - POTATOES, (new) - - CIDER, (according to quality) FROM OT l.bl none ton. 80 Ot 82 50 95 Ot 96 06 busl 1 5C 1 75 hbl. 9 25 9 50 8 12 8 37 6 7£ 7 25 \h. 12 15 C 18 - 6 busl 90 1 00 bhl. 5 5( 5 62 4 75 5 00 none busli 70 75 56 62 1 00 35 37 lb. fi 10 15 cask 1 00 1 10 gal. 77 78 ton. 2 75 3 00 3bl. 13 00 14 00 10 75 11 50 M £0 11 00 bush 1 50 1 75 lb. 8 10 33 45 SO 25 28 34 25 SO 20 25 33 37 25 30 "1 32 lb. 8i 10 8^ 10 none fl 8 5 7 15 20 12 14 14 16 14 18 ush 70 75 80 85 75 1 00 bl., 2 00 4 00 «6 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 20, 182'; j sobriety by practice. This is an example vvortliy __^__^____ - of remark and imitation, as trainings too often ^=i=^r^;r!:X;7h"e sale ofTfa^ii^ng i produce riotous and disorderly scenes insocjal so jttisccUnHics. stock in Gloucestershire, in England, the aiicDon eer gave the following extempore description o: : cow : Long in Iier sides, bright in her eyes, Short in her legs, thin in her thighs, Big in her ribs, wide in her pins, Full in her bosom, small in her shin?, Long in her face, fine in her tail. And never deficient in filling her pail- ciety rather than any improvement in military tac- tics or subordination. tempt it : xtvjust, it being contrary both to reasc and equity, to scold those who come because otl era do not attend. I have known this conduct ) scatter a congregation, but I never knew it i gather one. Indeed it savors too much of pric and self-love. It seems to say, " Why do you ni come to hear me ? am I not a most e.xccliei preacher ? what a reproach it is to your uiide standing that you keep away when I am here !"- Bring Christ with you, and preach his truth in tl love thereof, and you will never be without a coi The following linos are copied from a sign af- lixed to a post at the corner of two miserable muddy roads in England : This road is not passable, Not even Jack-ass-able : When this way you do travel, Pray bring your own gravel. THAMES TUNNEL. In consequence of a report that had reached us, that the exertions of Mr. Brunei had been suc- cessful in closing the aperture ii-to the tunnel, we, this morning, made inquiries into the correctness of the fact, and are now most happy to confirm its j gregation, if God have any work for you to do truth. The leakage, or rather the rush of water | that place has been slopped, and the engine was rapidly I v t .1 . .1 • .■ draining off the fluid. It commenced working at I" ^'le --ity of New \ ork there are at this tin one o'cfock yesterday, and by si-x o'clock in the Pending beJore the four courts, no less than 01 / 1,1 ,u„ „i,„ft ,^r ;t= ^nntPiit<: thousund and sixty cases. Ihere must have bei eveninff so far exhausted the Shalt 01 us conienis, . y , -, . ^.,° 1 ,:„i, ,„„„i. „f l^r. n-r-illrl trch- some obstruction in the course ot law to cause su that the upper brickwork 01 the parallel arcn- !. ,- ,, - -,, an accumulation of troubles 'Way was distinctly visible. Mr Brunei then gave orders that the pumpin should cease, as his object was, for the present, " There is no dispuiing about lastes. — AssafcEti- 1 ^^ reduce the body of water in the shaft just so dais a gum obtained from the- tree of a plant, i ^j^j.]^ gg would leave a sufficiently preponderating which gro\»'s in Persia and India. Its flavour is i ^,(,i„|,t over where the aperture was, to condense extremely unpleasant, and its odor insufterably ^^^^ gj^g ^ consistency to the materials which had fetid, yet the inhabitants of the provinces where it | ^^^^ applied for its stoppage, is produced ar6 strongly attached to it, use it as ; -p j,g g^aft had been emptied to the depth of 34 a seasoning for their food, and call it the food of j fggj^ jj^t i\^\s being five feet below the bed of the the gods ! [Hamp. Gaz.] U-iver, it was considered eligible, to reduce it, and ~~ — . I allow an increase of water, until it again reached The following is an e.xtract from a deposition j 39 feet, which would leave a superincumbent pros- lately taken in an adjoining county — "The Be- j ^^j.^ ^f jj ^qI^j,,, of water, on the exterior, equal ponent went to the house of the said B. C. and j -^^ amount ; a quantity considered sufficiently ade- offered to serve the notice as aforesaid, where- } ^^j^^g (^ gi^.e tlm required density to the clay upon the said B. C. drew a pistol and declared that he would blov/ this Deponent to 11**1, whic' deponent verily believes he would have done." [Pittsburg Democrat.] A good story is told of the dreadful consequen- ces of wearing a shabby hat. It lost the owner, during the experiment, love, friendship, and res- pect, and changed them for contempt. No mat- ; '•""'/"''' ter that the head, heart, and habits were the same P the hat decided. The pumping having the latter object in view, is now going on but slowly. The engine was set at work again this morning at 2 o'clock, and its full powers, when considered prudent to clear out, not alone the shaft but the arch, v ays, may be de- termined by the fact, that it yesterday discharged 6,400 cubic feet of water per hour, and emptied the shaft of four feet in depth, witiiin a similar t\mong the many rcasona assigned for the ac- cident, one has been omitted, and that not the least probable, which, is, that from the carryiii Digkton Rock. — A lithrographio copy, on a re duced scale, of the celebrated inscription on the away a considerable quantity of ballast from this rock at Dighton, or rather at Berkley, in this particular spot, the bed of the river was so re- State, has just been published. duced as to be unable to support the incumbent eiglit of water, when any portion of the soil un- To Preserve tke Teelh Let finely pulveris charcoal be heated to redness in an iron kettle, a while hot poured into a bowl of clean water. P this immediately into a bottle and cork it tight. When used, shake it up, take a small quantity the mouth, and rub the teeth. Every thing th renders the breath unpleasant, and is injurio and destructive to t!ie teeth, will be removed. Or, if a dry powder is preferred, the charcoal m be put into the phial and secured from the air a tight cork. — Mass. Spy. Means of preventiii^- Intemperance. 1. Give children a good,education. Ignoran and drunkenness ore very- concomitant evils. 2. Sabbath School instruction. 3. Full employment in early life. Whcr person has nothing to do he will invariably •omething worse than nothing. 4. Make home a happy place. Parents r children should conspire to render the domes fire-side the dearest place on earth. 5. Let parents be particular as to the comp; with which they permit their children to associ; C. Teach them that the physical effects of temperate drinking are highly injurous. Let parents sot an example of the strict temperance. 8. Encourage the laborious part of commun to deposit their surplus wages in the Savii Banks. Gov. Desha has pardoned his son Isaac, before derneath, was removed, conviction ! a jury could not be obtained at the The workmen and labourers are in tlie highest late term of Harrison Circuit, Desha having exer- spirits, and express, so great is their confidence cised to the full extent, his privilege of pcrempto- in Mr Brunei's ability and extreme caution, their ry challenge. He was accordingly remanded to intention to resume their labours the moment he jail, as the Judge refused to renew his sureties. — According to the Kentucky Reporter, the Gov- ernor was present when he was remanded, and addressed the people in a speech of considerable length, and concluded by reversing the order of the Court, and setting his son at liberty. He is ;ives them directions. — Londori paper, May 3fi. The Viceroy of Egypt, long known as a Cotton Groxccr, has lately become a Wholesale Manufac- turer. He employs 18,000 weavers, freights many vessels, and has his factors in Leghorn, Florence stated to have treated the Court with great indiT- j and various cities of Sicily. He is one of the Bity. most extraordinary men of this extraordinary age A Kentucky paper in speaking of Isaac B. of self-created great men, having risen to his Desha; says — "Isaac looks as well as he did be fore he cut his throat, though not quite so fleshy. He breathes through a tube, in which he makes a considerable wheezing." — JV*. 1'. Com. .idv. present elevation from a private niameluke. To Ministers of all Denominations. — Avoid, says Dr Clarke, the error of those who are continually flndiiijr fault with their congregations because Saxony Sheep. On Friday (he J-lth August next, at 3 o'clock P at Brighton near Boston, will be sold by public ; tion, a choice stock of about 100 Saxony Rams, imported in the brig Comet, Capt. Meef, from H: burg. 'I'liesB sheep were selected from the purest blooi the kingdom, and will be found st least, equal in pi of fin.-ness of fleece and symmetry of form to any h tofore imported. The sale will be perfectly free imlimlted. Samples of the wool from different parts of each imal may be seen at IS'o. 46 Central street, or at office of the auctioneers, al any time previous tn ale. ' COOLIDGE, POOR i HEAU- /. f^ ^1. Fates' Patent Hoes, Constantly for sale by French & Weld, 31 & 3'; So Market street, sole agents for vending the same. The Fahmkb is i.iiblcsh(d evrry Friday, at $ At Alsteari, in New Hampshire, a i more do not attend. This is both imprudent and ptr .