DDDDDDDDaDDDDDDDDDDDDaDDDDDDDDC ^ D D R ° D o a ° □ UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS g a LIBRARY D SPECIAL COajECnOHe S § ^ s § ^ ° § '^ s § ^ B S Ci g R ca § R n R ° R ° DDDDaDDDaaDDDDDDDDaaDDDaaDDDDaaa ■'It'. THE NEW ENOIiAND FARMER HORTICUXTURAL JOURNAL. CONTAINING ESSAYS, ORIGINAL AND SELECTED, RELATING TO AGRICULTURE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; ^ijiiral)liti3iii PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. BY THOMAS G. FESSEJVDEIV. VOL. VIII. B O S; T O N : PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. RUSSELL, NO. 5=2, NORTH MARKET STREET. 1830. Per N444 /3Q A. B., his remedy for cramp 25 Abell, T., his notice of a superb hly 1 Acacia, three thoriied, or s-,eet locust, notices of 206 Acorn, squash, notices of 17S Acorns, coOTee from 125 ■ Adams, J. Quincy, his present of seeds to M. H. S. 70 Address by the Rev. A. M'Lean, extract from 26 by Judge Pitman to Rhode Island Agr. Soc". 172, 180, 188, 193 by Gen. Dearborn to Mass. Hort. Soc. 203, 210, 227,235 Addresses delivered before Agr. Soc. of South Carolina, Eulogy on 151 Adlum, John, his letter to Mass. Horticultural Society 166 Agricultural Premiums, remarks on by W. 106 - report for the District of Montreal 35 Agricultural Society, Essex, extracts fiom a pamphlet, con- taining proceedings of, 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 329, 395— officers of 91 — premiums granted by 333 of Massachusetts, premiums offered I^DEX TO THE EIGHTH VOLUME OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. by 89, 262— advantages derived from their show 92 — notices of their show at Brighton 102, 107 — committee of, at the Brighton show IDS— reports of 108, 109, 110, 115, 116,217 — their annual meeting 382 of Hampden, Franklin and Hamp- shire, officers of 278 — notice of their show 358 of Worcester, notices of their show 98, 126, 133, 134 -_ of Concord, Mass. 99 — report of committee of, on farms 148 of Berkshire 118 of Cheshire, N. H. 125 . of Strafford, N. H. 126 of Rhode Island, notice of their lib- eral order for one hundred c.opies of the New England Farmer 222 — premiums at their catlle show, &c. 265 . of Merrimac county, N, H. 329 Agriculture in England, remaiks on 12 — and Gardening in Penn., Mr Preston's lemarks on 41 — on its antiquity and excellence 80 — series of publications proposed for the promoticn of 150 — in Bengal 267 Agricultural Warehouse, Boston, notice of 326 Alcohol, obtained from blackberries 67 A. L. H., his notices of a disease in sheep 209 Algarova tree, notices of 245 anac. New England Farmer's, notices of 91 Almanacs, en-ors anil superstitions in 197 Alms-house in Munich 384 Alms-house farm in Newport, product of 389 Anaconda, notices of 413 Anatomists, piactcal bints to 187 Anatomy, utility of its study 213 Animal food, be>t kinds of 67 Ants, black, how destroyed 370 — notices of their natural history 404 Apiary, Dr Thacher's improved 207 Apple, Lyscom, notice of, 91 — sweet greening 123 — the Williams 259 Apple pomace, remarks on its uses 18 Apple grafts fom Virjrinia 1 Apples, how preserved 49 — large 91 — nscful In fattening liogs 182 — golden pippins, piesented by G. Parsons, Esq. 350 Apple tree, notice of one whose fruit was altered by its vicinity to another ki;ul 6.5 — experimental of Goelnilz 71 — and pear trees without blossom 305 — on r."iising from cutliugs 3.5S— large, owned by Charles Tappan 366— large, owned by E. Hall 366 Ariny worm 397 Arrows, poisoningof in .i\frira 174 — in South America2I6 Ash, flowering, notices of 97 Ashes, fires communicated fiom 99 Asparagus, remarks on its cultivation, by J. Welles 313 — oyster shells recommended as manure for 350 — remarks on, as an article of diet, 371 Bacon, to preserve sound and sweet through the summer 270 B. on diseases in sheep 241 Banian tree, no'ice of 37 Bailey, an in^ect in, notices of 43, 138,299, 3.30, 402 Barns, remarks on the construction of, &c 406, 414 Bartlett, Levi, on budding fruit trees 114 Bartlett pear, remark — his report of the pro- cteilini;* uf Van. Ilorl. Soc. 27-1. 2S3— on the culture ot ini'lun* "illi— on a new specie* of olive ^S'l^on raii- nii^ liiie* from aecd, ^^a^ting rone*, fitc. 293 — on soeJs tmn^initlcJ from the I'aris llorlicullunl Soc-iety, 'JIT — letlcr lo.froiu the I'resiilcnlof iht Froniont llorliculluml Society 'i".!^ — hii trauiUtioni from ihe Uon Jardinier, 301— on ameliorated pears 3U'J — notice of hiii communi- catioQi 31") — on the Kruil Market at Paris 310 Dclavan, Henry W., notices of his farm, &c. 52 December, temperature of 213 Diseases of rclined lifo 3(M — Abcrnethy on the origin of 395 Domestic management of farmers 101 DojTWoo*!, reineiiy for p'li-^on by ti Donation to a poor fjiiiily 3d-l Dorchester, his queries on the managcmcnlof sward land 6 Downer, S., his description of tho Clapp pear, a native so '.lliiiz .">1 — of the Harvard or Eparc;ne pear &2 — of the fusbing pear 113 — of the Dix pear lljl — of several sorts of native (jrupes 22lj — of native Fruits, &c. 243 — his report on an exhibition of flowers 382 Dress of ladies, remarks on 8 — passion for, confined to low life 408 Dung should be applied as soon as fermentation begins 273 E. B. on the properties of the sugar beet ^22 Edwards, E., his donation of sccdtiug potatos and early corn to Mxss. Hort. Soc. 105 Eel, gii^ntic 307 Eggs, how preserved for 6 or 7 years C7 — batched, eaten in China 07 Emigrants' life, delights of 240 Elderberry syrup, how made 54 Elder shrub, notices of Irtl, 310 Endive a substitute for coll'ec I'J5 Entomology, contributions to, by T. W. Harris 1 — notice of lectures on. by Dr Storcr 190 E. P. on ploughing greensward 42 — on the construction and uses of the roller 2S(8 Epilepsy in horses 380 Erving,' John, on making butler 3C3, 369 Everett, Hon. Edward, his remarks at Worcester Cattle .Show 96 Exercise, utility of 3C0— for plants 3C5 Eye, steel drawn from with a magnet 363 Fanning Mill-, Walker's improved 2C<7 Farming scientilically recommended 300 Farm lands shodid be sheltered by trees 147 F'arm management, remarks on 04 Farmer, A, on the proper time for cutting timber 25 — on worms in pencil trees 20— on extracting potash from buckwheat 31 — Mr Rowan's description of 123 — a Middlesex, on potato* 137 — the sloliiful, description ol 144 on breaking steers to the yoke 250 — on orchards, feeding cattle with pomace, &c. 3.57 Fanner, a New York, on diseased sheep 230 Farmer, on old, on smoking cigars 145 Farmer, a young, on an insect which attacks the Mangel Wurtzcl 3t<5 Farmers, remarks on their dignity and importance 20, 125. 1.52 — American, character of '2.57 — hints to .387 Farmer's Scries of Library of Useful Knowledge 150 Farming, profitable business 45 — should bo Icaint as an art 72 — examples of success in 240 Furriery, remarks on 03 Fasting removes incipient diseases 106 Fecundation of plants, fruits. Sic. 200 Felons, cure for 305 Fences, live, remarks on by J. n. 1(>1 — by W. K. 171 Fencing, icmarks on, by Anglicanus08 Fennel, notices of 386 Fig, one remarkable for size 19 — raised in Drooklyn, N. Y. 21 I-'ish, how conveyed alive 67 Fiske, ().,on the blight in pear trees 400 Fits in horses 380 '•'l»gg. Wm.,his notice of Ihe great growth of scions of the Hartlett pear I Flagg, M.,on new sorts of pease 255 Flannel, manufacture of in Vermont 102 Flowers, eirddems of innocence and purity 16— artificial, by a French lady 181 — annual, remarks on their cul- ture 2'2.'> — how producr'd from plants difficult to flower t40— remarks on by II. A. S. Dearborn 25:t— to pre serve Ihe ii.iiural color in the petals of such as have been ilne.l 37» Fonlaneillcs on a new spicies of mulberry tree 2°29 Fixxl, animal .>nd vegetable compared IG3 Forest trees, eiiltivalini; of 325 fossils, Aniedibivl.m, found in New Jersey 6 Foster, Adams, hi< iin'ice< of fruis 137, liii Fountain', notos on, by W. Keniick 289 INDEX. Foirbi, crushed com recommended for 273 — inquiries concerning 278 Frost, itselTecls In ripening grain 379 Frugal Housewife, notices of 171 Fruit Market at Paris, notices of 31 Fruits, on improving varieties of 43 — ladder for gathering described 51 — on the mixing of 91, 111. r25— large, notice of 91 — rare, notices of, by Ailains Foster 121, 162 on the selection of, by J. Leonard 193 — on obtaining new varieties of, by M. Poiteau 221 — fine native described by P. D. 212— keeps best when gathered early '273 Fruit trees, on adapting to particular soils 35 — remarks on by ' Cultivator' 41— should have a northern expo- sure 76— queries respecting by D. 91— remarks on planting 101— on building or inoculating 111 — planting on the sides of hills 118 — wash lor, recommended by Messrs Winships '231 — on removing caterpillars from 256— remarks on transplanting 262 — cultivation of a branch of education in Sweden 27:i — to destroy insects on, &.C. '273 — remarks on by R. Green 291 — oil as an application to injurious .306 — cirects of ringing, remarks on .334 — digging the giound near to injurious 367, 374 Gardens, remarks on 92, 310 Gardener's Calendar for August 14 — for October 101 Gardening of the Germans in Pennsylvania 80 — in the neighborhood of Boston 100 Gardens and Fields, society for protecting 5,24, 399 Garden walks, improvement in 368 Garlic, uses and virtues of 3.85 Glanders in horses 396,412 Glass, thick, recommended for durability 21 Glazier, Franklin, a new apple presented by 59 Goat, recommended for milk 156 Gourgas, J. M., his remarks on the Passion Flower 70— on blight in barley 299, 330 Gold mines in North Carolina 27— in the Cherokee coun- try 371 Gooseberries, on retarding the growth of 49 — remedy for mildew in 379— large 411,414 Gout, alleviated by carded cotton applied to the part adectcd 53 Grafting pears and apples on Mountain Ash and Service trees 46— orange trees 138 — in winter, query concern- ing '-34 — new mode of 301 —composition for 366 Grain, striking ofTby a roller when measured 405 Grap :. a large native 81 — Kenrick's native 403— the queen, Mr Prince's description of 145 — profit in its cu turc 267 — on engrafting foreign on native 267>— Orwigsburgh, 403 Grapes, remedy against mildew in 5, 353 — from E. W. Bull 25 — native, remarks on 35, 153, 226— their cultiva- tion recommended 56 — large kinds noticed 75 — Fox watering 34, remarks on their treatment by W. Carver 69 — improvement in the breed of 107 — general history of 196. 204, 212, 220, '228, 236, 214, 252, 260, 26- 276, 284, 292, 297, 300, 308, 321. 332, 340, 34'*, 356 364 — diseases of 372, 380, 3H8, 396— on tho treatmen of by J. M. G. 36"2 — embrocation for strains, wrenches winilgalls, &.C. in 363 — breaking of 389 — glanders in 396, 412. Horticultural buildings, heated by hot water 170 Horticultural Society, Massachusetts, notices of then meetings and proceedings 7, 14, 22, 26, 38, 51, 62 70, 86, 95, 103, 111, 118, 126, 134, 113, 198. 287 3;J8, 375, 3«2, 390, 398, 407, 414— their festival 77- fruits presented at 83 — ofTicers of 95, 166 — notices c fruits left with 173 — paintings fine, in their hall 194— li- of premiums ollered by 212,311,330 — letter receive by from Lc Cointe De Lasteyrie 212 — account of pro cecdings of 271, 283, 330, 317— noUcc of in Loudon' Magazine 306 — report of a committee of respecting tl curculio 382 Horticultural Society of Philadelphia, meetings of 3 25, 370 Horticultural Spciety of New York, notice of its annivcr sary GG — varieties exhibited before 414 '- of Albany, its anniversary 69 of London, receipts and expenditures of 1 of Paris, notices of 305 Horticulture, remarks on, by J. L. 10 Horticulturist, A, on digginglhe ground near fruit trees36 Hosack, Dr David, notices of his residence in Hyde Par 52, 85 Hotbed, how made. Sec. 195 Hunt, Ebenczcr, notice of his pears, &c. 70 Hyacinths, on the culture of 118--notices offineonc5 33 Hydrophobia, salt said to be a cure for 37 — washing th wouikI for, recommended 80 — said to be cured b chlorine 85 — notices of, by Dr Abcruethy 416 Hysteric fits, remedy for 376 Ignis latuus, remarks on 13 India Rubber, solution of 171 — spun into thread 400 Indian Corn, on topping the stalks of 73— cultivated i France 156— in England 165, 331— great crops o raised in Maryland 116 — soaking in copperas wat« reconunendeil previous to planting 355 Indian plaster 165 Indigo in South Carolina 53 — history of its culture 86- cultivated in Noith Carolina 1!4 — a new species of, di covered in the Philippine Islands 215 Inquirer, his queries concerning proper grasses for ce tain soils 178 — answer to his queries 186 — his quel' relative to the introduction of polatas into New Enji lion reconinn.iiiu:ii uu — lai^c iviun^ ■iui,>,cu .., — . «.. | land 225 — his cjucry relative to bees 259 giape recpmmended 75— nomenclature, &c. 121, 1.32," llnsects injuiious to the vino 15 — in barley 43 — how d 178,205,213— protected by black gauze 301— coal dust, stroyed by steam 53, '299 — de-troyed by soap sue cinders, &c. good manure for 350 Green, R.,lhermoinctrical register by 290— on fruit trees, fee. 291 Green pease, &c. in China 37 Greensward, Daniel, on making butter in winter 145 Greville rose, notices of 9 Griffith, Mrs Mary, her letter to Gen. Dearborn respect- ing a new bee-hive and the curculio in fruit 17 Outta Serena, in horses 396 H., his remarks on Ihe nomenclature of grapes 178 Harris, T. W., on entomology 1 Hay, on sailing 398 Haymakers, diligent 7 Haymaking .398 H. C, his remarks on polalos 121, 1'22 HaywanI, Joseph, Esq., extracts from his work on horti- culture 116 Health, Journal of, extracts from, 132,139, 157, 181, 19S, 376 —precautions for preserving 389 Healing by hot water for gardening purposes 170 Heifer, a remarkably large 370 Hemp, great growth of 13— notices of 20— cultivation of 118 — nilture of; in Madison co, N. Y. 13:5 — premium offered for raisiiie in Maine 179— specimens of exhibited at Boston Stale House 206— .Mr Buel's remarks on the culture of 258— remarks on, hy J. MAi. '265— S. Wells, Jr's iiolices of its culture, ''eii— further notices of 272 report of the select eonimitlee of the state of Ohio on its culture .307, 311, 3',11 — Extracts from a report to (Jongress on 351, 365— premium for its cultivation by Worcester Agricultural Society 35ti — how eullivoted anil prepared in Russia 365 Hessian fly in wheat, how destroyed '23 • lliiils for Ihe pn'ssiire of the limes 37 lloceo, a bird, imported by lien. Lafayette 157 Hog, iiiaiiimolh 1*28 lloraer.idlsh. for cough", colds, consumptions, &c. 368 Horse, gr.iphic llliistratiniis of 319 Horses, spavins In, description of, and remedies for 6— on 310 — in fruit, on a premium for a remedy against 347 on ash trees, notices of 350 — destroyed by lime wale^ 363 — cannot be destroyed by quicksilver nor sulph' plugged up in trees 36li — thickness of their wings 3" — sent by Mr Salisbury, and cnoneously supposed pro.lucc the worm in plums, &c. 390 Instinct in aniipals 173 Intemperance, must be left olf at once, not by degrees . — consiilered as a disease 168 — Mr Pomeroy's essav • the means of suppressing 321 — in England, notices of 3: Iriigalion, on the importance ol 75 Isabella giape, vine, a remarkable 21— Messrs Winshi i crop of, 158— Mr Stedman's ciopof. 194 Ives, John, his notice of large trees 353 Ivy, remedy for poison by 6 J., on the mixlnie of fruits 114 Jack-a-lantein'.V2 Jalap, eiillivated in Philadelphia 256 Jarvis, Charles, on the ciiliivalionof the potato 162 Jenkins, L., on the Sinclair beet 74 — on Mr Welh present of a Durham bull 74 J. L.. hisnolicesnf exotic plants 161, 169. 178— his que relative to forcing-houses for the vine 179 J. M.. on the natural succession of forest trees in Nor America 146 J. M. G., on Ihe culture of the potato 218— on guardi auninsl canker-worm "257 — on Ihe cultivation ol hei 26,5 — on blight in barley '299 — on the trcaluuut hoi>es 302 Jockey club, cautions against 290 Jobnsi'ui, W. R., his remedy against mildew in grap 6, 858 J. W. W., on the row tree 201 Kenrick. Win., Esq , on pruning fruit trees '261 Kings, European, notices of by Mr JelTerson 2'24 Knives, new mole of shirpeiiiiu; 15 L., on the ciillur* of annual flowers 22J Lacing. -Irieliires on 190 Ladder, for gathering fruit 64 ady, her query concerning the culture of the Brazil Gloxiueana 178 . ,. r oon -- ,andreth's nurseiieg, hyacinths from 3da IV! F, on Lechorn wheat &c. oio ^leeeher how preserved and used 195-new mvention ITJS'v^, of the culture of the sweet potato 251 ,eehor'n wheat, remarks on 345 peonard, Jaines, on the selection of f™"^ 195 ihei, .ewis, James, on grafting orange trees 13S tSlL^n^^:;}^" '21-remarks on conductors of 46- in painting conductors of 62 I Lily, superb, notice of by T. Abelll is Lime plant, notices of 123 .. ,,,! Lime, on its use as a manupe, &c. 238-water kill m caterpillars, &c. 363 „ 109 • Little Henry, on grafting pears on thorns 122 Liverwort, syrup of, recommended 53 . K'rr;^^f:^'?el^^'=y W. Buckmlnster 409 ,.! l:S7;,oXti:ultu,'\o-on ripening currants 43 ■• "on tlii Thomery mode of pruning grape vines 43-on the^culture of thelwcet poUto 63 noUceof W^^^^^^^^ Rio cpnt to tne riorucuiiuiu-i ►jw'^'^'j — ^e'gi^en Sylvange pear lOI-his remarks on the cul ture of lucerne 409 , ,, t u ma 142 Lynn, population of 248 Machine, self-i '"" manufacturin INDEX. Olive, new species 128, 2S5-remark9 on by General Dearborn 283 j,„„.,, 5q>; Onion, uses and virtues of 385~sa.d to <="'•« <^™P'y,!f^,u Onions, fine in Nova Scotia, 125-extraordmary g.owth of 160-great crop of 224-from Chili, noUccsof 400 0. P. on Camellias 170 Oplhalmia in horses, notices of 306 Oi-ano-e trees, remarks on grafting 138 Orchards, on the management of, in Devonshire, Eng. 14 —remarks on by W. Kenrick 299 Otis, Hon. Harrison G., extract from his address at the Worcester Cattle Show, 125 Oven oremium 187 — large 342 P , on extirpating the Canada thistle 19-on a remarkable vine I'J— on the dairy 83 , „ „ lod Paintings, fine, in the HoiUcultural Hall 194 Palsy in horses 380 Parents maxims for 246 .... Padng and burning soils, in England, found injurious in certain cases 14 „ ,, Parmentier, A., vegetables and seeds presented by. for the Mass. Hor. Soc. dinner 83-beaut,lul flowers raised by ISl— notice of his essay on cultivating the vine 3-J— on the bleeding of the vine 329 Paisley, uses and virtues of 394 Uie culture of the sweet potato bo-nouce o.n^sj^^^ ParVni,., notices of 389,402 &c. sent ,0 the HorticuUural Society 6^5-hi. notices ot P--H , ^,.,^„,^ „„ Mrs ( Parsnips, notices 01 ooa, -i"^ „,, , ,• c.^ qo Parsons, Gorham, on Mrs Griffith's bee-hives, &C.3- his presents of apples 81,3.50 , • :.„ t„ sUk Pascalis, Dr F.,on the application of electricity to silk worms 11 r ■ r Pasture, most economical mode of managing o I Pasturing Cattle, different modes of 343 ,„„ , ,7 inT45-f.r pressing cider 50-for Patten, Robert, notices of disease m his cattle, 139, 147 barrels, &c. 54— for dressins; flax and | 170 ""; "', ■"' T=r"fni- imkino- 1 Paunerism, causes, consequences, and cure of 286,294 ''Z' 173-t ,tkt"loSs:'rrs \llZt SnlPrar black, of Carolina iVhow cultivated in France, llglfor reeling silk, by «j;'-"^ Smith 211 ^^_^^^ ^^If^O ^ cling-stone, introduced by David Heath 160 Mahogany, notices of 26— tor mawn„ .ningi Peach and Nectarine in one fruit 38 making reeds 408 Peaclies, 10,000 bushels of, raised by a single farmer 411 Maize Chinese, notice of Wl • .-■" n-^^ - r ^-v remarks or ^:;:;;fr^=^^^opsof3^rem^n^ Peich trees, on worms in 29, 238-a farmer's remarks on /V29, 41 — scoring of reccmniended 59 Ml ?'[ inwel U urtze — gieai ciui,» ui «■• ■ , tufe by E.D. A 138-by W. H. 209-good food for hounds 245-said to be attacked by the cabbage louse 3b5 Minu,^, nitre recommended '- 34-sw5unp mud reco^^^ mended for 209— remarks on, by the editor 238— making the most of 4, 389 - Mann, Rufus, on an insect on ash trees 350 Manuring grass lands in Devonshire Eng. 14 Maple, rock, set out in Vermont 373 Marrying, cautions respecting 280 Maury, James, his letter to Gen. Dearborn 167 Mears, J., his remarks on ploughs 281— on bital^in, Mfareri'ames,liis letter on the destruction of IVuits by insects, &.c. 347 Meat, roasted, most nourishing loo >iMedicus on bees 278 ' , , ^i Melon, Honfleur, how cultivated 54 Melons, remarks on the culture of 276, ,>02 Mildew on Grapes, remedy for o Milk, process for preserving recommended 350 Milk weed uses of 61 Millet, notices of 389 . , ,, Monster, bones of a great one, shown m New \ ork 15 Mortar for buildings, French mode of making 331 Moss, how destroyed in grass ground, He. 80 Aintliers. cautions to 165 . . ^ -.r Mulberry trees, premium for their cultivation from Mass A^r Soc 14-for shade trees 62-poetical notices of 120-new species of discovered 228-planting of, re- commeiXd'^243-12,000 of to be planted by the Wil- Uam^own -Lyceum 272-lhe Chinese recommended 315-ure as a shade tree, &c. 3)5-extracts from a Ueatise on by W. H. Vernon, 374-premium for, re- commended 387-importation of the Chinese 414 Alulberrv leaves, best sorts of 38 Mushrooms, Mr Cook's observations on their culture 2a4 ^Zif.-ii — scoring tJi iet-L-iuiiic.."v,- >..- Pear a native seedling, desc.ibed by S. Downer 51-the Guernsey description of 75-the Harvard or Epargne b- —the green Svlvange 101— the Gushing 113— the Pe- tre 122— the Wilkinson 126— line ones on the farm 01 S. Parsons 15.5— the Dix pear 161— the Lewis 242-the Robertson 259— the Bartlett, remarks on itsougmdSo- an insect found in by O. Kiske 401 Pears, how to hasten their ripening 6-wiue made from Pern- scion, great growtl of 1-on thorn stocks 81 , 122 Pear syrup, notices of 38 Quince trees, queries concerning 106 Pear trees, on the blight in 57, 401-on engrafting early | '^ ■ ^ r and late on the same stock 278— brine recommended as an application to 402 . bow cultivated in France 190— notices of new sorts ments with by Mr Ware 106— great crops of W'?— noti- ces of by H. C. 121-122-129-quantity raised from three potatos planted 128-remark3 «n by a Middlesex far- mer 137— editorial remarks on ditl^rent sorts presented 142— on the culture of by H. L. S. larg.-, grown in Mary- land 160— on their cultivation by C. Jaivis 162— by J. Riiel 164— three bushels from one seed potato 173— mode of improving by cutting olT.the vines 174-remark8 on by the Worcester Spy 174-how made into bread m-great growth of by Wm. Thurlow 201-on their culturerfrom J. M. G. 218-query relative to the time of their introduction into New England 22o--ne w varieties of raise.l by Mr Tidd 25S-introduction of into New England 272, 288— peculiar cultivation of 302— early slmuld be planted for hogs 310-preserved by burying deep in the ground 349-early offered for sale 3S2--notices and uses of 402-raised in Galena 411 Potato beer, made fron. sweet Potatos by Dr Hare of Philadelphia 14, . Potato farina, an article of commerce in Scotland 141 Potato flowers, dye from 155 Poverty, the way to 304 Powel, Col., his sale of stock 386 Power of a horse in machinery 181 Preston H. N., his recipe for preparing camphor no Preston, Samuel, his remarks on the Agriculture and Gardening in Pennsylvania 41,80 „. • ■ Prince, WiUiam, his notice of apple grafts from Vv-g'™^ l-notice of a remedy for mildew in grapes 5-his des- criotion of fruit presented to Mass. Hor. Soc. 18--on transplanting cherry trees 82-his notices respecting wild plums, some points relative to P'«»t^' ^'=, ^J'-^i' remarks on the nomenclature of grapes 124, 132, 197, 205 •n3— his description of the Queen grape 140— no- tice*s"of plants received by from Mexico 185— on the vellow Spanish cherry 290 Prince, Wm. R., on double blossoms in apple trees, ttc. Pr?ze Essay, on the inadequacy of the wages to women in certain employments,awarded Rev. J Tuckerman, 208 Proctor, J. W., on Mr Thuilow's growth of potatos 201. Pruning f.uit trees, remarks on by Gen Dearborn 261- bv William Kenrick, Esq. 261-by M. Dulbert 261 Pumpkins, one that weighed 170 pounds 10<-large ones Pumps, remarks on the mechanism and philosophy of 214 Punctuality, the importance of 160 Putnam, Daniel, his statement of the produce and man- aaement of his farm 4 . r •■ in Pyroligneous acid, preserves skins from putrefactmn 40 Quicksilver frozen 174-in trees will not destroy insects 366 Fea=c,.ju., ^...... , 255— advantage of sowing in circles dia Peat lands, remarks on cropping 186' , . ni Peters, Lovett, notice of an apple presented by Jl Pigs, a valuable bieed imported into New Brunswick 379 Pinus Maritima, a valuable tree 246 Pipes, to measure the contents of 85-leaden, for water merely, not injurious to health 198 Pippin, golden, has not run out 81 , 350 Pitman, Judge, his addres,, 174, 180, 188, 193 Plague arrested by chloride, 165 rPlant louse, remedy against, requester^ IBb Plants in the vicinity of Amherst College, cataogue of 45-exotic, notices of 161, 1«9, 178, 18.^, ISo 194,201, 234-splendid,.receivedby Mr Prince from Mexico I80 — exercise necessary far 36 > r o.c ,0 Plou-h, modelof a new 35-skeleton, notice of 246— re- marks on by J. Mears 281,329 Ploughii.o-, greensward, queries conceining 6— observa- tions on by E. P. 42— by S. X. 58 Plum, Bingham, notice of 242-Arkansaw dwarf 259- Beach Plum 302-Canada 305-the White Gage 30b. Plum trees, wilding, notices of 267,298 Narcissus, on the culture of lis , ,a>; proved varieties of fruits 221 Nasturtium, blossoms of, emit electric sparks 385 ^J^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ „it,,_ &.e. 357 New Hampshire, Geosraphy of 163 Pomeroy, S.rmuel Wyllys, on the suppression of intempe Nursery, royal, at Munich 141— North Eastern aspect ^^^^^'.j.^i Nur'rfma'on'the proper size of trees for transplanting Nuttall, Thomas, on the transformed produce of an apple tiee e-')— on the drug sarsapariUa 113 Oak, Uve, notices of 148 .,,..,„„» Qat-meal, its value as an article of oiet 363 Occupation, remarks on the choice of 2(H Oil. mineral, discovered by boring for salt water 53 Pomeroy ,'Solomon, great day's work by 29 . , . Ponds, artificial, remarks on 49-natural means of stock ingwithfiA76 Porter brewing, its extent in London 371 Potatos on raiding from the seed44, 68-remarkson by S. X 73-4 i bushels from one .eed potato 73-preservcd by burving 3"i feet deep 76-lop end best for planting 7b- Foxitef.emarks on, by Dr James Thacher 106-experi- Rabies, or madness in horses 380 Radishes, lavge 123, 128— notices and uses of 402 Railroads, Mr Sedgwick's remarks on 92-from Boston to Brattleborough 141, 202— engines running on 181, 182— rise of shares in 145— experiments on the Balti- more and Ohio 207— recommended to supersede the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal 213-noithern, from Boston pioposed location of 238-fur'her notices of 243,240,26 1, 288,320, 349, 386,391,403— invention re- Raisins! raised and prepared in Lansingburg 141-between London and Liverpool 408 Raspberry, ever bearing 128 Hats, how destroyed 165 . , „ , ■ 1 Recipe for mildew in grapes 5— against the yellow striped buo- that iniures cucumber vines 5— to preserve vmes from bu"-s 5— for steeping wheat 6— for poison by ivy 6 -poison bv dogwood 6- for the stirgs of tees 6— .or snavins in horses 6— for making rice puddmgs 21— tor destroying cockroaches 21— for cattle which are swoln orhov"en 30— for beer 33— for a styptic to stop bleed- in"- 34— foV making tomato catsup 35— to keep butter through the winter 36-for burns 37-for dyspepsia 45 — for supeiior gooseberry and currant wines 49 lor mak- in.' elderberry syrup 54— for French biscuit 54— to make toii.a'o catsup and sauce 59— to cure a ring worm 39— for making fine biscuit 67— for wine from the Fox erape 76— for poisoned sheep 76— for spraiDS 76— for'hvdropbob.i 37,80,85— lor horn distemper in cattle 85— for bilious cliolic 93— for removing grease and oU spots 1 16— to made soda water 128— for tomato pickle* 133--for making a cheap and pleasant beverage 136— a waler-proof varnish 147— foi pickhngbeef 159— for a solution of India rubber 171, 181— to prepare camphor without alcohol 173— for making Kve's^ pudding 176- for potato bread n7-for chapped hands lS2-for sore throat 195-to make kitchen vegetables tender 246_ -to prepare verjuice 246— for bread as made in the Shilt- I N l>EX. 'ort of the committee of if^- Tootb ache, excTXiditing, remedy lor 320 I'll manulacture of bv James Tortoise lame, notices of 373 4 NorriM anil L. irnkiii^ 411. I! Srnilli 131— •Irawingof 211 'I ■ ■ • 1 ]'jr>, ass— \, kc, 19,71 !. lU Cliuicll, l.o» aA..l.C.l II. L) III! 195 Nilliaiiiel, on the management of bees 2S3 .1 I)., on mdniirc^ for grapes and a.<'« from bug* 408— for com* 111— for prc- T— niixe.l wilh nrlieat flour for makinj; M-ed u good ai any for most purposes ' uinrn.ted 21 ■r lirt-aking ulcers 281 if III.- Banli'li pear, i-'o ;., I.i< IctliTlo n. A. S. Dearborn 187 li.m and u-e< of 273, 293, 30C I ' . liolirei of 1) • it iini :>3 iiraiiiHt heat nor cold 40 .geinent of bees 13G new land for feeding cattle 370 re of .S^ *■ ml USPS 409 '• /iiiij «ci water 15 — said to be a •" -use of in destroying vepcla- 'I manure S^ — its uses in rural e' ire ol in Ohio 280 Sarsai.-iiiaa. ibc Uiuj,iiuliccs of 113 Savory. In uvti 409 Scolylus I'yri, in insect fjund in pear trees, remarks on by O Ki.ke40l Sea, remarks nii its level 181 — on its Icniporalure 230 Sea-kali-, noiices nf 341— Gen. Dearborn's mode of blanrhin^-. Uc. 3-12 *.-r 141 .1. •is.-r.ii' Sea.flo Sea- St.!.- S<-i Sc.! He. 8t. hic ui. :>.. ;; 8cpleinl..'r, Ka Sh».l. Ir., -. ,,1 Sh.. I ' s a lop drCMing for grass land 14 .Ivi.-e I0.344 \. notice of by Judge RucI 23. .-Wa— Ml I't-nn.ylvania SIH- in Maine .3!IS I .. I . — .rkson mil roads !I2 eiulril3IU bow preserved 2W — ,.. 1 1— on the principle of •r"» work for 70 iiii; -r ..•.•..iiim.-nded312 1 ■. 711, :«•.<;— piLlillr breed of . -•O't, 2.10. 241, 2-'2— habits of "II their maiiagoineiit, washing SIm.1, |..iii,,.ii.,nof 3!I7 .HIkIiI, r.il. 1 f... prewrving I.T7 Hifk. A,n,-n.au ti-e.ofbyj, D. II nianufx I. U.r(ulll, II aii.l ..I II > . ils •lllll Dr I',.. Ml-ln I Mii.— ii, i.iurrin Phi- IS3— made in ■ he eiilliire of 201— growth of In Kunco S£>— vegetable origin or341) .11.' iii-ects 310 ml uses 409 I's notices of 105 ,-. , 11.9 horse, pedigree of 183 li weighed 128 lbs, 91— large, from Mr . J 127 J r> III liorseg 372 S 'training of necessary for the health of cattle 60 III in agriculture 216 S-itjni carriages 176, 227, 3,')3 Stevens, Henry, on iiianufuclurcof flannel in Vermont 102 Steers, on breaking to the yoke 259. 27:!, .323 Slockbridgc, on the antiquity and excellency of agrt- cullure 60 Slocking factory, at Ncwburyport 35 Slone, cure for 365 .*sform, Thomas, on scoring peach trees 59 Stoves, rules for selling 133 Strawbiirrics, on ihc culiure of by H. A. S. Dearborn 9— raised in autumn 12S—-\Vilinot's superb, 156— ever- bearing, noiice of 1.57— Keen's seedling 330— early, notice of 351---useful in medicine, and as a dentrifice, sweetener of the breath, &c. 366— burning the vines of found to be useful : 67-— fine, presented by Mr Haggerslon 383— by Mr Sumner 398— utility of water- ing 383— large in Penn. 400— by Dr Kid.ler 411 Straw paper, nianufacliired in Burlington, Vt. 21 Subscriber, his remarks on neatness in a dairy 58— on polalo bread 177 — his inquiry relative to bliglU in|"*^*'l**> how dcslroyed 55 fruit trees 830 | ...a'er, wholesome lor call Sugar, its uses as an article of diet 410 Sugar, from beet root, notices of its manufacture 49, 88, 176, 185,-3.52, 399 Sugar beet, excellent for feeding cattle ■2'23 SulFolk, his query relative to clearing and laying out land 186 SiinHower, oil expressed from, and how 43 Superslilion, among the Romans, instance of 371 Swamp mud, recoiiimcndt-d for manure 209 Swei-I politoJ, bow prc-ierved 43, 139 — bow cultivated in the neighborhood of New York 51 — on their cnllurc by J. Lowell 65 — large 155 — varieties of 190 — query concerning slips of &c. 230— :on the cultivation of by J. D. l,egare 251 Sward land, queries respecting Ihe management of 6 Swino, useful in making manure 4 — economy in food for Ml — fnltencd on sweet apples 182 — notice of large 280 — corn cooked, icroininended for 373 S. X., his remarks on Iho Dairy 73 — on polntos 73— on lopping the stalks of Indian corn 73— recommends diy loam for calves 76 — his examples of good farming 249 16= T. A., on cutting bushes, protecting vines from bugs, (Sic. 33 Tan ors, exempt from consumption 23 Tansy, remarks on its uses 410 Tar, rerommendod for sheep 366 Tea, iiillucnce of a cup of 176 Tea shrub, naturalized in Asia 30 — notices of its cultiva- tion 376 Temperance, instances of 107,-273 Terry. H. \V., on discise in sheep 282 Tetanus, or locked jaw in horses 372, 380 Tliarhrr, Dr James, his remarks on Iho Foxlto polalo |o« — on Iho sweet greening l'J3 — on the Cow Cabbage Transplanting friiil trees, remarks on by 247, 262— shiVk at lull growth 267 Travelling, remarks on 404 Trees in woodlands, how cut in order to produce str^Ai sprouts 38- planting through 76 — longevity of SKT their inllucncc in purifying air, &c. 97— on transplw. ing 140, 241, 245 — on the natural succession of in NMk American forests 146— their use in sheltering farm Ii 147 — by the road side, act concerning 27!< — lbreM,«i the cultivation of 325— notices of large ones 353 — ifc^ health promotedby cleanliness 371 — selling out recti mended ^{87— in Ameiican forests, notices of 41^ large one 416 Trotting match, extraordfnary 339 Tuckerman, Rev. J., prize for an essay awarded to 20I Tulips, on Ihe culture of 118 Turks, anecdote of '105 Turnips large, 31 Vaccination, great extent of in France 37 Vegelable aiialoiiiy, and vegclable economy, skctchatc 337, :!45, 346, 333, 361, 402. 409 ^ Vegetables, kitchen, how made tender 246— best kindlL, should be cultivated 310— early, presented by CtM Chandler 350 . ^ Veritas, on the sweet greening and Tollman sweelh apple 147 Verjuice, lo prepare for bottling and keeping 246 Vine, a remarkably large 11,19— on the bleeding of M 302,329— insects injurious lo 13- -cultivation of i the United States 30 -Thomerys mode of pmaii 43— Professor Gimbredc's remarks on 100 — dUb ent varieties of &c. 116— -notes and observationt < by W. K. 129 — Piince's remarks on 124, 132, 140— • lice of one which yielded 3 barrels of wine 147 — ha raised from seeds IIS — proper time for tximming excellent mode of cngi-afling 3S4 Vineyards, advantages of ',149 Visiters not proper in sickness 408 W., his remarks on Ihe use of apple pomace 18 — on U culture of indigo 86 — on agricultural premiums 106 Walnut, black, notices of 29, 115 Ware, Philander, his experiineuts with potatoos 106 — I new sorts of apples 298 342 Tlionins. nrnjamin, his notices of the Cushing pear 1 13 Tic Diilorcux, romedy fur 320 Tiiiibrr, oif Ihe proper lima for culling 23, 8-1— liow lo nblnln gno.1 3I>3 Tiiads. uwfiil ill destroying insects 379 Tol.nrco. its usj condemned. 1,86- tine, raised in Canada 40S Tomalo ral«up, recipe Ibr making 35, 59— tauco 59-^ pickle. 133 ttle, importance of 10 Water, boring for at Paris 51 Watering plants, remarks on 366 Water melon, large, 80 \V B., on subduing and cropping peat land 1S6 Weavers, subletiaiieous 386 Webticr, J. P. on ihe culiure of mustard 258 Weeding, to t e economic point, 134 Weeds, lo prevent the growth of 397 — to destroy 403 /IVeevil, remedies for 61 Welles, Hon. John, notice of his present of a Durham I 74, 334 — his remarks on Ihe culture of a-paragus 31; his present of a new sort of potato to tho Mass. H. society .338 W. H., recnininends swamp mud for manure 209 AVhale killing. patentj?44 Wheat, a .Ueep lor 6 — Hessian fly in, ho.w dcslroyed greil crop, of in the west 37, 64 — raised in Bar'nsia 64 — l.i'.jhorn, Mr Davis's rem.uks on 68 — new kin fioiii Malaga 267 — destroyed in Maryland by the Hes,- fly 403 — dcslroyed by a worm in Pennsylvania 40 gi'cjl product of 41 i Whciler, Beiijan.in, his wash for fruit trees 366 White miisiaiil seed reconiuieiided 27, 296 \V'hit.- washing ihc interior of barns, stables, &c. rcc mended 19 Williams, Pay-«n,on Ihe roller 306 Willows, weeping, notice of 3;19 . Wilson. William, his rem irks on ganlens, &c. in neighboi booil of Boston IIM) Wine, may b.- kept loo long 67— ^rom the currant i fox gro|i<^ 76 Winsliips Messrs J. & F. on preserving fruit tree the bor.r 2.34---llKir roiniKX-ilion for gnilling oud Wi-rh ha-/.-l. reinaikson99 W. K.. hi' notes ami observations on tho vine liJ" live lenees 171 Wof, anmaikable 12 Worms in children, errors concerning 20', nnil are to bccliisscrl among the noxious inseclft Our forests and urclinrds nro more or kss subject to their cttack:*, e.>-pec- ially alter the trees have passed their prime. — The Itiiprestes do not leave the trees till they Jiave completed their metamorphoses, and as- sumed the perfect state. The ktrva; that are known to me have; a close resemblance to each other; a general idea of them can be formed from a description of that which attacks the pig nut tree. It is of u yellowish white color, elongated and depressed in form, and abruptly dilated near the anterior e.xtreniity. The head is brownish, small, and merged in the next segment ; the jaws (mandible?) Iridentutc at the points, and of a black color ; the antennic very short, tuberculilbrm. — The segment which receives the head (collar) is very short ami transverse ; next to it is a large, oval segment, broader than long, depressed or flat- tened above and beneath ; it forms the thoracic portion of the body. Behind this the segments are very much narrowed, and, from transverse, become gradually cpiadrate, but are siill flattened, to the last, which is teri.-iinated by a rounded tu- bercle. There are no legs, nor any a)iparatus which can serve as such, except two small tuber- cles on the under siile of the second se^'ment from the thorax.' The motion of the hirvie appears to be eflecied by the alternate contractions and elongalion.t ol' the segmints, aided perhaps by the tubercular extremity of the body, anil by siez- ing hold, with the mandibles, upon the sides of its burrow. The hirvu^' of the IJuprestes are found under the bark and in the solid wood of trees, and some- times in great numbers. A transverse section of one of their burrows is oval, as is also the hole through wliicli the perfect insect makes its escape from the tree. On the trunks and limbs of trees we find Bu- prestcs in tliiMr perfect state. They walk slowly, and, at the approach of danger, draw their feet close, and fall from their situation. Their flight is swifi, and attended with a whizzing noise. I am not acipiainteil with the larvio of Tra- c:irB, a genus separated from Buprcstis, and dis- tinguinhed by its short ililiited, or triangular body. The habit of the perfect insect is the same as that Qf the cylindrical Bupresle.s, (Teres,) both being found upon the li'aves of trees. Two ."perics of TrtACMV.s are common here upon the leaves of the oak, in June and July. The large.'-t, T. Uasellatii, !•'. is twenty-two bun- dretliM of an itieli in length, and has the elytra covered with whiiish hairs except where they are rro».icd by two transverse, broad, glabrous, black banits. Till- other species is rather smaller, the hi!ad and thorax cupreous, or brassy, the elytra black with a Ranguineous spot near the apex The name of this ^pecjcs I have not been able to doti^rmine. A'ule. For the sake of exactness and' brevity the dimensions of insects will be expressed, dec- , tellar lobe of the thorax dceplv indented, disc imally, in hundredths of an inch. i soletely canaliculate before, and with a siii;ill Ge.nls BiPRESTi.. [dentation each side of the middle ; each ih with two basal indentations, a pale fulvous .-pi 5 1. ScuUllum nojie ; thorax transversely lrun-\ lUc middle near the suture, another behind cated behind ; body subeonieal ; head nulanl. B. *Otrani\. Body black, brassy, hairy ; each elytron with eight, small, subcrpjal yellow spots in a doidile seri'-.s, the two |)osterior spots some- times coalescing into a single oblique one. Length .25, breadth .0« inch. In the perfect state found only on the blossoms of (jERA.MiM hiaeulalvm, in the stalks or i-oots of which I suppose the larvie to rc^iide. § II. Sculelluni dUtiJict but viinute and subor- bicular ; body oblong-ovalc, depressed ; elytra not produced at tips. B. rirg-iiiifniM. (Herbsl.) Body black, brassy, or cupreous, beneath pimctured hairy, above ru- gose ; head sulcated ; thorax with three elevated lines and two tubercles, on each side, glabrous black ; elytra with the suture, a submarginal and subsutural elevated line, and four intermediate ab- breviated lines black, glabrous ; external edge near the ape.x serrate. middle near the margin, and a third near the a in a line with the first ; tip rounded ; postpc in the middle canaliculate. Length .29 to .-JO, breadth .12 to .17 inch I captured the perfect in&ect on the iron the PiNLs strobus, white pine, in which the 1 had resided, .'specimens were prcscnteil lU' Mr Leonard, of Dubhn, \. H. § \ I. ScuteUum moderate, triangular ; i/u bisinuate behind for the reception of thi mi of the elytral bases ; coUnplra broader than rar ; shoulders obtusely rounded ; anterior f ra dentnta. B. femorata. (F.) Above brassy or pree black, confluently or regularly puiictureil ; plane, with two metallic, impunctured, raised g between the eyes ; thorax canaliculate, and • an obsolete impression each side ; elytra w ith eral, impressed, metallic or greeni.-^h, conflue Length from .81 to .87 inch ; breadth from .29 1"""^ "_"■♦-■'' spaces between which are son to .31 inch. This is probably our largest species. The larva iidiabits the trunks of the Pi.m's rigida or pitch pine, and perhaps other trees. The perfect insect may be found on the trunks of these trees in May and June. It varies in being either cupreous, brassy, or black with hardly any metallic reflec- tions. ^ III. ScuteUum very small, subtranscerse ; body long subovate-triangular ; elytra produced at tips. B. divaricuta. (Say.) Cupreous, confluently punctured, thorax canaliculate, indented before I the scutel ; elytra striated, and with elevated blackish, abbreviated liiie.«, tips attenuated, diver ed, sub-glabrous, blackish lines ; tips rouniled ternal edge very minutely serrated : Bern brassy, sometimes tinged with cupreous, di.-iin punctured, not canaliculate except on the niii of the postpectus. Two confluent inipre: spoiB on the middle, and two larger behind middle of the elylron are more apparent tb.iu others. Length .43 to .54, breadth .15 to 19 inch. I have repeatedly taken this in.sect upon under the bark of the peach tree ; it is most ab dant on fallen trunks of the Qiercis alba, or w joak, iii June and July. ' B. charactcristicn .' (-MeUheimer ) .\bove cu| „ent, truncate: pectus, postpectu.s, and first von- P"'^ '''"'^'* ""■ pi'rp''-'' ^rown, contluentlv punc tral segment canaliculate. Intermeilinte tibitc of ^'' ' ''"'"'^ divide.l by a transverse line between the nnilc toothed beneath the middle. ^>^s, the superior portion apparciuly ovcrl:ip| Length from .69 to .88, breadth from .24 to. 30 I''"' inferior; metallic niised spots very snial inch. The larva' is exceedingly injurious to the Pnu- .Nus virginiensis, or wild cherry tree, and some- times attacks the peach tree. The perfect insect >!' obsolete; thorax and elytra with several la: impressed, densely punctured spaces, beiw which are elevated, glahrous, abbreviate (F.) Obscure brai».sy above, shining /""o™'"- cupreous beneath ; confluently punctured ; thorax Length .50 to .56, breadth .18 to 22 inch obsoletely canaliculate, indented before the scutel;) Inhabits the white oak, upon which the peril elytra obsoletely striated, and with elevated, black- j '"sect is taken in Jime and July, isli, abbreviated lines ; tips bidentate ; not so nnich | Allied to the two last, and bidonging to elongated as in the black brassy and confluently punctured above, Say ; next to which in succe.-sion are B. iir-iaf shining brassy, minutely i>unctured beneath ; scu- 1 Ptj/fco//w, innuba, F., &c. .Sec. These insOtT*" ; ol.VIlI.— Nn.l. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 3 ;,| Id form a subgenus, wliicli might be named, I, their form. Teres. non" about thirty American Bcprestes in abin'ct I cannot, with certainty, identify the , a of Fabricius, and have not the Americana Ballimorensis-, Ilerbst, ritfipe.s, qucrcata, and \aia, F. punctulata Schonherr, Trachys ? •i %ta Olivier, nor tlie Fabrician American spe- iji Df the same genus except the tesscllata. Any I lese would be acceptable, or other insects 0 d bo given in excliange. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. stated meeting was held on the 6th of July, ng the numerous plants exhibited, the follow- lescrve particular notice : 1 Mr R. Carr, from Bartrani's Garden — H(E- hus jiitniccus, spot-stalked blood-flower, in full 1 — a native of the Cape of Good Hope ; a plant, and it is believed the first that has red in Pennsylvania, if not in the United s. jm coccinea, scarlet Ixora, from India. oxinia speciosa, purple Gloxinia, flom South rica. r Mr Hibbert, Thirteenth street, near Lom- — Clematis Florida, and Clematis Flamula, tiful creeping plants, with pretty white flovv- lardy, and very suitable for arbors. Crispa, a native of South Carolina, with lie purple flowei-s. U'ple Tea Rose. Plumhago Capensis, from >pe of Good Hope. Crnssula Versicula. — nis Chalcedonica. Aster Muscata, or Argoph- Campanida Urticifolia, double blue, and »' le white, hardy, and very beautiful. Mr A. Parker, Moyamensiug Garden — Mal- Iba. Dahlia superjlua. Datura metel, with large white flowers. Yucca recurvifolia. A «. and superb Ailhxa rosea. Papavcr somnife- and P. rheas. 16 chairman, Dr Mease, exhibited a stalk of lai [^ucca filimcntosa, commonly called Adam's ii id, or the palmetto plant. It was sent to him » [rs Hopkins, of Iladdonfield. The stalk was een nine and ten feet high, and for five feet ii covered with its beautiful tulip shaped white ;rs, and numerous pods not yet blown. This es of Yucca is common in gardens, but it is that a flt)wer stem of such a size, and with irs so large and fine, is seen. It excited the ration of all the members present: the most ised horticulturist might be proud in showing a specimen of his success, r Edward H. Bonsall, of Germantown, sent a jl 3 of wine made from red currants, in the year , of an excellent quality, which gave great action. It was not sweeter than was agree- and very mild and rich. It came very near e taste and flavor of fine Frontignac. Not- standing the partiality in favor of foreign ,;j s, that of Mr Bonsall's cannot fail of finding iiasers, among those who drink wine " for stomach's sake" only. " It had no distilled s of any kind added to it." letter to the chairman from Dr Norton,' of moud, Virginia, was read, on the origin of the known grape called the " Bland grape," h has beeit supposed by many to be a native. ton gave satisfactory reasons for our be- ig that it was introduced by Mr Mazzei, who town to have come to Virginia before the ricnn revolution, with the express object of cultivating the vine on a large scale, and who mentions his successful experiments in his work entitled " Recherches sur Ics Etats Unis : Colle, 1788." The grape in question was the only one of the many kinds which he brought over that re.sistcd the clinjate, the effects of neglect or rude cidtiva- tion, or that attracted the attention of the natives. Col Bland brought a number of the cuttings of tliis vine to Philadelphia, in the year 1778, and distributed them among his friends, and it has since been established in Pennsylvania. It is known to be a great bearer ; that the grapes keep well, when properly preserved in jars, until May, and will even bang on the vines until near Janu- ary. They, however, do not ripen until the first week in October ; but this circumstance is in its favor as a wine grape. — Philadelphia Gazette. From ihe'Nalional Gazette. AMERICAN SILK. The subscriber having received a part of bis early education in an extensive manufactory of Silks, at Nismes, in France, and by that means, having become familiar with all the processes of that kind of manufacture, from the raising of the silk worm, and reeling oflf the silk from the co- coons, to the fdbrication'of the most delicate stuffs, has thought that it would not be unacceptable to the American public to lay before them the results of sotrie experiments that he has made upon the produce of the American Silk Worm, in the short space of less than two months that he has been in this country. These results are truly surprising, as they show a superiority in the silk produced by the American worm, (at least in Pennsylvania) over that of any other country that he has ever seen, which he was far from expecting, when he began his experiments, and which, he believes, no one had yet suspected or imagined. They promise an immense source of riches to the United States. Those experiments were made at the farm or place of Messrs Ten Hoeven, a Dutch family, who have a small, but thriving establishment for the raising of silk worms, in the vicinity of Phila- delphia. The first thing that struck the subscriber in the operations he made, was the extreme and he may say, the dazzling whiteness of the silk obtained from the American worm. It is well known, that the raw silks of Italy and France, are in general of a yellowish color ; a comparatively small quan- tity of white silk is produced, and that is in very great demand, in consequence of its ca])acity to receive the most delicate dyes. Here, on the con- trary, the general quality of the silk is a beautiful white, and but little of the yellow is found on the cocoons. This will make the American raw silk sought for, in preference to any other. This, however, is not the onl^ advantage which American Silk possesses over that of the other countries : the following experiments will show what a mine of riches is opened to the industry of this country. EXPERIMENT I. Weight of the cocoons. — One cocoon, without chrysalis, was found to weigh six grains, avoirdu- pois. Three cocoons, also without chrysalis, weighed together, weighed eighteen grains. The cocoons were not selected, and were taken at haz- ard. This weight is sui)erior by near one half, to that of the cocoons of Europe, and this experi- ment shows that the .American cocoons are nearly equal in weight ; whereas in Europe, there is a pretty considerable inequality. EXPERIMENT II. Produce of the cocoons. — Eight ounces of co- coons with their chrysalis, not selected or picked, produced two ounces of raw silk of the first quali- ty ; it would require more than one pound of Eu- ropean cocoons to produce the same result. EXPERIMENT III. Proof of Experiment T. — Seventy-five cocoons, without chrysalis, weighed together 450 grains, which gives exactly six grains for each cocoon. — These, however, were in some degree selected, though not with any great care. These seventy- five cocoons produced 419 grains of raw silk, su- perior to those of France and Italy. This may appear extraordinary, but it may be attested by several persons of respectability who were pres- ent. EXPERIMENT IV. Produce of bad cocoons. — Thirteen bad co- coons, with their chrysalides, (by bad cocoons is meant those of which the worms have suff'ered from want of care and proper feeding,) have pro- duced 47 grains of superb silk. The subscriber will content himself at this time with laying the foregoing experiments before the public. He may, perhaps, at a future day, presenf them with some of the results of his experience in this branch of business, which he thiidcs may not be useless if it should be thought advisable to in- troduce it effectually in this country. J. D'HOMERGUE, At Mrs Fillette Fleming's, No. 159 South 2d st, Philadelphia, 13tli July, l'829. A French jiaper before us states, that numerous plants aflford true and convenient hints concern- ing the weather, which it may be agreeable to some to be informed of Chickweed is said al- ways to close its blossoms some time before a rain ; so that when they are observed open, one may calculate on dry weather for at least several hours. As long as they continue to unfohl and dis))lay themselves, the whole day may be depended upon. If on the contrary the flowers withdraw them- selves into their green envelo])e, the pedestrian need wish no better hint to take his umbrella on his walk. All kinds of clover, we are further in- formed, close up their leaves at the approach of a storm, and this is so marked a characteristic of that family of plants, that they are often denom- inated " the farmers' barometer." The same prac- tice is observed in tulips, and the greater part of flowers with yellow blossoms, in prcjiaration for rain. AVild sorrel does the same in France ; and in other countries the mountain ebony, the acca- cia, and sensitive plants generally do the same. A lady who was unhurthening her conscience at confession, admitted that she used rouge. — " What for ? " " To make myself handsomer, Holy Father." " Well, do you succeed ?" " I think .so." "Come out and let me look." His reverence putting on his si)ectacles, very gravely said, " You may use rouge, for you are ugly enough even with it." Great qnantiti.es of Wheat appear to have been raised in Georgia and South Carolina this year. The harvest commenced about a fortnight since. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 24, 182! EitracU from a pampldtt containing Proceedings of the Essex .Igricultural Soeitty. (Continued from page 412 of the ~th vol.) DANIEL PITN'AM'3 STATEMENT. To the Committee on Farms, appointed hi) the Tnu- lees of the Essex Agricultural Societij, 1828. Gr.NTLEME.N — My liirni contaiiiij uboul ciglity acres of laml ; nvciuy-tlirce or four of wliich is tillage; ofilii.sl usually plant about four acres, nn8 as can conveniently be formed, in the fields near the ground 1 intend to plant the j Increase of a yoke of young cattle 10 00 ensuing year. Tliis manure is very strong. After Besides these the farm has yielded peas, b< the cellar is cleared 1 cover the bottom of it with Lpd vegetables, of all kinds, sufficient for a. top soil six or eight inches deep — close the cellar large family — and put into it all the droppings of the cattle L_ ... ^, . r- ,i /• . i- ». • ■, ' I r r> Tl is i ! . ^e have manufactured 18,000 pai from the barn cellar in the spring is spread upon |sli"cs. This, as estimated by Messrs Eben the ground which I sow. When 1 plant land '"•■»"'. J"", and Samuel Preston, would require newly binkcn up I put all the nianiire in the hill ["".vs labor. —when old gioiind, I spread a i)art of it and | '^'l"|*''nS myself to have worked the plough it in — thinking that thus I get as good a crop of corn, and better crojis from the lan(^the following yciws. By the means I have provided during the last ten years for making manure, I think that what I now obtain is better (quantity and quality both considered) than it formerly was by more than 50 per cent. The greatest improvement has been that of keejiing the cows in the barn during the months of August, September, and October, and letting the pigs into the cellar upon their dropi>ings. The manure I now make during those months is, I think, better by 100 per cent, than what I former- ly made during the same months. During the last eight or ten years I have ploughed up seven or eight acres of rough rocky pasture land, which was mostly covered with bushes. The land is of a very good quality and has yielded good crops of jiotatoes and grass. By pasturing about as many acres of my for- mer fielding I find that my dairy is much improv- ed. I have about one acre of low land, which eight or nine years since was in the pasture and the cattle running over it and displacing the soft soil, rendered it very uneven and almost unpro- I diielive. But by ditching this, idoughing as nuich i of it as is hard eiioush to admit of ploughing, by I manuring and levelling the whole it has for the last five or six years produced as large a crop of good hay as any other piece of land of the same size on the farm. The jiroducts of my farm this year were as follows : — English hiiy Oats fi)r fodder Barley for fodder Meadow hay Second crop Indian corn Potatoes Tuniips Quinces NVinier pears Winter a|>plcs ( 'ider French turnips Butter .New milk cheese .New anil skimmed milk chocso Skimmed milk cheese Milk sold V(i W i^ '-0(1 312 300 200 120 938 520 418 left for labor on the farm ; and so much mo could be procured for thirteen dollars. The undersigned, from their knowledge of i nfacturing shoes, certify, that in their opinion cutting, dealing out the stock, receivuig the s and settling with the workmen ; together the dressing, packing, and shipping of 18,000 of shoes, to wit, of 12,000 pair of men's bro; 3,500 pair men's thick shoes, and 2,500 i>a •women's and misses, shoes — would, with th« dition of 25 days allowed for teaming, be ecp the labor of one man for 520 davs. EBENPITXAM, . SAMUEL PREST( Danvers, Dec. 26, 1828. A more particular account of the proceeds q, Dairi/. In March and April we made Mav 2 :iels 25 tons U " 1 " 8 '• U " 135 bus 350 125 3 " 3 10 barrels 4-1 " 3 bnsh.'ls 1109 lbs. 42 " 186 " 79 " 75 gallons 16 23 30 June G 13 20 Julv 4 11 18 57 lbs. of B 15 19 24 30 28 1-2 173 200 42 43 52 1-4 62 3-4 32 32 30 1-4 31 1-4 132 During this month we m.idc 42 lbs. of Chi which sold at 9 cts ]>er lb. $ .Mso, ISO lbs. at 7 cts 1 Also, 79 lbs. 01 4 cts Aug. 1 S SI; 35 lbs. of Bi 30 Vol VIII.— No. 1. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Aug. 15 22 29 Sept. 5 12 19 26 Oct. 3 10 17 23 31 Nov. 7 14 21 26 Total 1109 lbs. of butter at 22 cts Calves Cheese 37 lbs. of Butter 36 1-2 36 -180 1-2 DUTCH METHOD OF CURING HERRINGS. There are two methods of salting herrings, call- ed white and red. In the former, the herrings, after being gutted and washed, are either pnt into b.Tskets, and salt sprinkled in them, both in- side and out, and well shaken in the baskets, or else are put in a strong pickle, which is prefera- ble, for twelve or fifteen hours, and are well stir- red several limes, that the salt may penetrate ; they are then taken from the pickle, drained, and packed in barrels, which are strewed at bottom pretty thickly with salt ; and if there be time, they are neatly laid in strata, always strewing salt suf- ficient upon each layer ; when the fishery is very abundant, this last ojieration is deferred till land- ing, and in the mean time they are only thrown into barrels promiscuously. On landing they arc repacked and soiled, as before mentioned, and regularly coopered, to prevent leaking of the pickle, which spoils the fish. Properly, they should be packed after being one night in i>ickle. When this cannot be done, the fish do not keep so well, and are reckoned an inferior sort Reg- Arts. Milk sold, 75 gallons, at 16 cts 12,00 $322,94 DANIEL PUTNAM. Danvers, December 1, 1828. To be continued. From the American Farmer. SOVEREIGN REMEDY AGAINST MILDEW ON GRAPES. Linnaeaii Botanic Garden, ) J.jly G, 18». $ J. S. Skinner, Esq. Sir — I now transmit you the remedy against mildew, the effects of which I have witnessed so as fully to couviuce me of its adequacy. Mr Scni- uel R. Johnson, of Massachusetts, is the gentleman who first communicated to me the information. Take a pint and a half of sulphur, and a lump of the best unslacked lime of the size of the fist, put these in a vessel of about seven gallons measure- ment, let the sulphur be thrown in first, and the lime over it, then pour in a pail of boiling water, stir it well, and let it stand half an hour, then fill the vessel with cold water, and after stirring well again, allow the whole to settle — after it has be- come settled dip out the clear liquid into a barrel, and fill the barrel with cold water, and it is then fit for use. You next proceed with a syringe holding about a pint and a half, and throw the liquid with it on the vines in every direction, so as to completely cover foliage, fruit, and wood this should be particularly done when the fruit is just forming, and about one-third the size of a pea, and may be continued twice or thrice a week for two or three weeks — the whole process for one or two hundred grape vines need not exceed half an hour. In order to fully test the above, the process has been pursued in some cases with only half of a vine, and omitted towards the other half; the re suit was, ])erfect fruit on one where absolute fail ure attended the other. Some persons use sul- phur in a dry state, which is thrown on with a bellows suitable for the purpose, but the liquid preparation is far superior, and I think wilt prove that we are at last complete masters of the mil dew. Yours, very respectfuJly, WILLIAM PRINCE. Useful information to Gaideners. — The ravages of the yellow striped bug on cucumbers and mel- ons may be olfectually prevented by sifting char- coal dust over the plants. If repeated two or three times the plants will be entirely secure from annoyance. There is in charcoal some property which is so extremely obnoxious to these trouble- some insects, that they fly from it the instant it is applied Am. Farmer. A Gloucester county farmer, on the 6th inst, stopped his wagon at the Buck Tavern, near Timber Creek ; put his horses under the shed, took off their bridles to give them food, and leav- ing his wife and child in the wagon, went into the house. The horses became frightened and started off — the man in attempting to stop them was run over, his jaw broken in two places — the poor woman in attemirting to extricate herself had her leg broken. How much distress has here en- sued from the want of a little common prudence. years, not only on our vines, but on vegetables, such as beets, parsnips, &c. It promotes their growth and loosens the earth around the roots. — Ashes sprinkled on young cabbages, will also des- troy worms, and increase their growth. The publisher of the Journal says that " a frame cov- ered with gauze, or milinct, made to enclose the hills, is the only effectual method." But we think gauze or mitinet better to put on the natural face, to keep the musquitoes and black flies off, than on cucumber hills or cabbages. — Nbrridgeivock Re- jniblican. Another Improvement. — Mr Daniel Richardson, of Baltimore, advertises that he has greatly im- proved his Refrigerator, or Pormble Ice House — and also constructed a Butter Box; on the princi- ples of the Refrigerator. He says that in these ' Butter Boxes' any quantity of butter may be transported to market from any distance by land, or water, perfectly hard, and without injury to the form of the prints, in the hottest season, and will bring nearly double the price that it would when brought iu the common way.' Frost in Pennsylvania. — A paper published at Wellsborough, Penn. states that, on the night of the second inst. the country in that vicinity was visited by a severe frost, which has done much damage. It adds : — " Beans, cucumbers, and vines of every description, are, for the most part, in the valleys, entirely cut off. Some fields of corn, too, and even potatoes, are much injured — and some, we think, wholly killed. We have not ascertained the extent to which this calamity has reached, but fear it has not been very limited." Society to protect gardens, orchards, and fields. — During the last week a large number of the in- habitants of this village, desirous of doing some- thing towards securing to themselves the benefits of the produce of their own lands, formed them- selves into a society denominated "The North- ampton Society for the Protection of Gardens, Or- chards, Fields, and Meadows." The officers a|)- pointed were the follow ing : — Isaac C. Bates, President ; George Bancroft, Vice President ; Daniel Stebbins, Secretary ; E. S. Phelps, Treasurer. These four are Directors ex officio ; the other Directors are Oliver Warner, Eliphalet Williams, Thomas Pomeroy, and H. K. Starkweather Hamj). Gaz. A Chinese Advertisement. — The following aji- pears in the Canton Register : — " Coffins — Two coffin-makers of Honam have received forty sets of coffin timber of the best quality, which they recommend to iheir friends. The price is not yet fixed." To preserve vines from Bugs. — The destruction of vines by bugs, or flies, has been very great in this quarter, this season. A thousand remedies have been prescribed to prevent their ravages. — But the best of all that we have tried, is to plant onion seed with the cucumber — and after the plants are up, to sprinkle ashes on every hill just before a fall of rain, which makes a ley, and kills the bugs, &c. almost instantaneously — the smell of the onions when up, will keep the flies off. — We have adopted this method for a number of BROAD TAIL SHEEP. A present from the JVavy. Sir — I have a fine Asiatic sheep, which was presented to me by my friend John A. Kearney, surgeon of the fleet in the Mediterranean, who states, that he was presented to him by Mr Cun- ningham, an English merchant at Smyrna. This buck was raised by hand in the estabhshment of the " Aga" of the town of " Cooklija," a few miles from that city. With a desire to extend his usefulness I have the pleasure to offer to the acceptance of the Ag- ricultural Society of the place the loan of him for one year. I am, ^'cry respectfully. Your obedient servant, L. KEARNEY. To J. S. Skinner, Esq. Corrcs. Sec'ry Md Ag. Society. Baltimore, June 14, 1829. The mutton of this stock has been found su- perior to any other — of its wool I know nothing. L. K. (Its wool is on a par with common country wool. It is a very fine one of the kind, being but a lamb. It grew very much on the voyage, and the flesh of its tail, is, we should say, more than a foot wide, and of an equal length — we should NEW ENGLAND FARMER, July -a, 1829. think that a quarter of this blood wiulil give breadth to the tail and fatiK'.ss to the hind f|uiir- tcrs that Ci)uld not fail to yield saddles of mutton, or legs of lamb of very su|>crior (|uality. Wc r.-- collcct that Col. I'liwcl, had once the pooilness to walk with us throii^'h the I'hiludelphia market, to make itiquiries of the sheep vietualler.s, v%ho aver- red, that they had never hud siii-li early and fine lamb, or »addles of mutton, so superior, as when they had a duo mixture of ihc broad tail sheep. Tiio ram left by ('a|il. Kearney, is nt Oakland Mills, tlie beautiful e>tate "f T. Oliver, Esq. one of the Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Society — we venture to say, that when the season arrives fg;' it, any nicndier of the Society can send a ewe or two, and thus getting a ram of lialf hlood, he may afterwards have quarter blood, which we apprehend, is about the degree of it that would bo most expedient. — ./2m. Farmtr. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTO.V, FKIU.VY, JULY 24, 1829. ANTEDILUVIAN FOSSILS, FOUND IN MAUL PITS l.V NEW JERSEY. A comniunicatidii to the Editor of the New York Farmer, by John B. Thorj), Esq. of Howell, N. J. stales that his farm together with a large tract of land in that town and its vicinity, abounds with antediluvian remains, found at different depths from five to twenty-two feet below the sur- face of the soil. Bony pans of the horse, rhinoce- ros, elephant, and mastodon are among the nmn- ber. They arc mostly imbedded in a greenish, friable, earthy substance, commonly known by tlie name of marl. PASTURE. An English writer recommends to mU q few alieep and one or two coIib in each pasture for horned cattle. Another says " tlie following eco- nomical experiment is well known to the Dutch, that when right cows have been in a pasture, and can no longer obtain nourishment, two horses will do very well there for some days, and when nothing is left for the horses, four sheep will live upon it ; this not only proceeds from their differ- ing in their choice of plants, but JVom the ftuina- tiou of their mouths, which are ;iot eipially adapt- cd to lay hold of the grass. New grass, stocked very hard with sheeji will unite and mat at the bottom, and form a tender and inviting herbage. In North Wiltshire, (famous for cheese) some dai- rymen mix sheep with the cows, lo prevent the pasture from becoming too luxuriant, in the pro- ])ortiun of about one sheep to a cow. " The bottom of an old hay stack is estimated an excellent manure for pasture l;md, as besides the nourislimeDl it affords, it contains a qtiantily of grass needs, which furnishes a new pet of plants. It should never be suffered lo mix witKmamire for grain or c-orn lands, as it will cause them to bo overrun with grass and other jifants, which though useful ill a pasture, are weeds in arable lan.l." STEEP FOR WHEAT. We have heard a practical aneras and water has been recommended as a wash for the l)arts affected by the poison of dogwood. A med- ical gentleman of our acquaintance stated that a decoction of hemlock bark will cure the poison of dogwood. Likewise he affirms that bathing the part with new rum is an efficacious remedy against this poison. . Remedies for the Slings of Bees — The apijlica- tion of laudanum gives immediate relief and a strong solution of salt in water is also recoimnend- ed. It has been observed that bathiii;; the part in brandy has a good effect. Sweet oil is a good a|)- plication. Tare shoulil be taken, however, in the first |)lace to extract the sting of the bee, with a steady hand, for if any pail of it breaks in, reme- dies will 1)1' nuich less clVeclual than they would otherwise prove. Cleanse your Cellars. — If you wish to live half your days, bo careful not to be in Iho habit of breathing the gasscs of |iutreliiction, vegetable or animal. We do not pretend lo say whether a parcel of rotting or rotten potatoes, cabbages, tur- nips, and other vcgclables, decaying in a cellar will produce what is called ytllow fever or not — Bui a kind of fever may be manufaclureil from vegetable or animal putrefaction, which may prove as fatal, though perhaps not quite so rupi to keep il moving, and that to produce the best effect. DOKCHESTER. BERMUDA GRASS*. Mr EniToR — Can you, or any your correspon- dent.', give any information with regard to tho Itermuda (irass — where the roots, or seeds can be obtained — and if il will answer for a lawn, or Mich purposes about the giouiulsas borders, \i-. ? i It is believed it never grows higher than one or ] two inches. J Charlesloun, Ju!y 21, lti29. i Vol. VIII.— No. 1. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL Dr Jacob Patch, of Camden, has a family of Silk Worms, doing well, and fed from the Mulber- ry raised in his own garden. — Belfast, Jt/c, jpa. If those who have reared flocks of pure Merino and Saxon sheep at a great expense, must sell their wool at the present reduced ])rices, which are a trifle higher than tho.se of common and grade wool, the fine woo! sheep, instead of increasing, will become extinct in the country. — Hamp. 6'o- Hoilicultural. — Among the articles exhibited at le Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- lely, on Saturday the 18th inst, the following lerit particular notice. From the garden of Gen. >EARBORN, several cars of a new variety of corn, rocurcd by him from Portland — this is thought ) be the earliest sort cultivated for the table in lis vicinity. From G. W. I'batt, Esq. of Wa- rtown, several Dahlias, among which the Coccinca \tperba, Hdianiha flora, and the Royal Sovereign, | "^'^'^'^ ' ■>m-\i\e) were considered superior to any seen in | ' le vicinity of Boston— one of the flowers meas- A White Cucumber has been left with us, says red 5 1-2 inches in diameter. From Z. Cook, ihe Charleston Mercury, by a friend, as a horti- r, Esq. several specimens of the aZ(/icajng-ra and i cultural curiosity. It was raised in a garden at ava, very elegant. From Mr Rufus Howe, of i Stone. It measures twelve inches in circumfe- •orcliester, several fine varieties of Marygolds, rence. lahlias, and Lihes. Mr N. Davenport, of Mil- j rpi^^ population of the United States, increases in, specimens of early vegetables. by emigration and births, at as great a ratio as ever. The multiplication of con.sumers must make business. If Spain were to reconquer South America, and keep it as she formerly did, it would cause the reduction of a tenth part of the commerce of the world. In general, mankind, since the improvement of DILIGENT HAY MAKERS. On Monday the IStli inst. Mr Hill commenced utting the hay upon twenty-one acres of mowing, icluding a lot containing si.x acres, having in it at ;ast 500 stumps, and the hay of more than an ere of which was lodged. The mowing was one by Mr Hill himself, who had not mowed be- )re for twelve years, and by Mr William Gordon, | cookery^ eat about twice as much as nature' re- om Vermont, and Adolphus Harding, from Frye- j quires. Arabic Sayings. — Reside where you will, ac iirg, Me, in thirty-two hours, being equal to the bor of one man for ninety-six hours, Two oth- i . , , . , . , , , ... . , , ,,.•'. ... qun-e knowledge and virtue, and they will stand • hands were employed in curing and getting in I , ■ ,• ■ ^ , ■ , , .,'.-',. , L 1 'hee in the place of ancestors : that man is best e hay, assisted in the intervals between the l , ' „ „ ■ , t ,, i i •''. ■ 1 , , , ' vvlio can say, " See what 1 am ; not he who says asons ot mowing by the three persons above „ o, , i- ., „ \,ri ,-.1 ,, , „ ,. , , ^ I c, 1 1 ; See what my father was. When God would ameo. Uelore the close 01 the Saturday, the ,. , . , , . 111 • • , , , ... , . , -^ ' display in broad dav, a hiduen virtue m the shade, jy, which, on the morning of the previous Mon- ! , .. ■ . T 1 . ^1 , , , . , , , i lie excites against it the tongue ol the envious, ly, had been growing on the whole twenty-one I •res, was all cut, and cured, and stowed awav in 1 i^ , 77; r, , \.. , . '. . , , ",1 Fowder at 2s per lb. vo barns, most of it having been pitched ovei; the j dUPONTS POWDER, qualiij wananled, for sale al ■eat beams. The quantity of hay thus got in \ Cope/and' s Ammunition Slore, 65 KroacI St, at rdaii. A iring one week, by five hands, amounted by Uie 1 SHOT, CAPS, &c. o( ihe besi (lualiiy— cheap for cash. ititnates of good judges, to not less than forty-one 1 " Enslish Scythes. This is an example of diligence and activi- 1 James Cam's double prime grass scyihes, wide and nam , probably unequalled in the annals of hayinak- 3i,"Pr'"i,"r,''L'''^'''' '?,'' ■'^''i,'" H'O Hardware Store of S. FES- ' f „ V 1 1 ai T I iSENDEN,No. SOStaleSlreet. Bl June 19 g in INew England. — Mass. Journal. Buckivheat, Sfc. ai„t^„.„ &•;!• ^HT^ „n»„;,.„,i u,, ,\ ^ i„„. ™„-i I For sale at the Seed Slore connected with the New Eng Alabama Silk.— We received by the last mail, ^^^^ p^^^^, ivj„ 53 ^onh Market Street, iclosed in a letter from a friend, a skein of 1 A few bushels of Buckwheat, growth of 1823. Also, a fur- lautiful silk, a sam|)Ie of about twenty-five lbs, j '''«• ^"PP'>' "'' F""' Meadow Grass Seed, of superior gualiij' fered 1 ale, low, at No. 4 Dock Square. In Gloucester, R. I., Judge Tourtellot, and >ssrs Wheeler & Stecre, agreed to fire it salute the 4th. No cannon were at hand ; but the id being somewhat rough, they concluded to irge thirteen large rocks on the road side, and St them at sunrise. Judge Tourtellot coin- need the salute, which was answered on his ht and left by Messrs Wheeler & Steere, until :teen large rocks were shivered to ten thousand ces. V coinage of half dimes, (five cent pieces) has n commenced by the mint — such a coin has g been wanted, and a very great convenience I result from a free circulation of them. own and manufactured this season on the plant- 1 jVejt, China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner Ware. ion of Dr Purnell, of Greene county. It is equal j Received, a great variety of the above ; which, with a corn- strength, quality, and apiiearance to any we | j?l«'^ assoriment of Crockery, China, and Glass Ware, are of- ive seen, the growth of this country, and is in- rior only to the best Italian silk. We are hap- to learn that the Doctor has made extensive ar- Ingenients for its cultivation next season, and he pects to manulacttire several hundred pounds market. — Mobile Rtg. Tarnip Seed. For sale at (he Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs, fine While Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 1829— also, several other approved varietiesfrom Scotland, and London, among which the Early Dutch, Yellow Stone, and Yellow Malta, have proved of very superior quality for the table,— and the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) and the Large Norfolk Field 'J'urnip for cattle. Alderney Bull For Sale. A full blood Alderney Bull, seven years old, well made, and sure; he is a very superior animal, independent of his blood, and his cakes have proved good milkers, having all the desira ble dairy qualities. Price of the bull glOO. Inquire at the New England Farmer office. 4t Short Horn Bull Calf Wanted. A fair price will be given for a first rate, warranted Short Horn Durham Bull Calf, to go to Concord, Mass. Inquire of J. B. Russell, publisher of the New England Farmer (post paid.) 3t J\totice. Subscribers to the New England Fanner are informed that they can have their volumes neatly and faithfully half bound and lettered, at 75 ctj per volume, by leaving them at this office. Gardener wants a Situation. A gardener, who has a complete knowledge of his business, and can produce recommendations from the Botanic Commit- tee of the Dublin Royal Society, (having been employed in their Botanic Garden for two years,) and from many gentlemen n the vicinity of Dublin, wishes to procure a situation in this ■ountry. Inquire at the New England Farmer office. 3l Millet Seed. For sale at the Seed Slore connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52 North Market street. 50 bushels of Millet Seed,— clean, and of superior quality. Also, a very extensive variety of Ornamental Flower Seeds, n papers of 6 els each, or lOU varieties, one paper each, for Sr,fl6. ROMAN— This elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bay, lib black legs, mane, and tail, of high spirit and good tem- per, will stand at the farm of Mr Stephen Williams, in Norlh- borough, Ms, at ,'?20 the season, to be paid before the mares are taken "away .—See New England Farmer, May IS. Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses, will stand for the season al their stable in Brighton. Barefoot at g25, and Cleveland at glO, with gl for the groom. 324 Heifers, Calves, Sheep, ^'C. For sale, two full blood Alderney Heifers, three years old Ihis spring, with calf by a full blood bull of the Short Horn breed; one Alderney Heifer calf, six months old, weaned, and turned to grass; two full blood heifor calves of the Short Horn breed, two months old, now al grass feed ; four of the Long Wool Ewes, imported from the Netherlands; a buck lamb fiom one of the ewes, and a Devonshire Buck, a very fine animal, and four full blood .Sa.xony Bucks. For terms apply at this office. June 17, 1829. PRICES OF COVJVTRY PRODUCE. FROM TO APPLES, best, - - - barrel. ASHES, pot, first .sort, - Pearl, first sort, - ton. 125 CO 130 00 125 00 130 GO BEANS, white. bushel 90 1 00 BEEF, mess, barrel. 10 50 11 00 Cargo, No. 1, " 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 8 00 8 50 BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. pound 14 16 CHEESE, new milk, - 7 •J Skimmed milk. 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel 5 5C 5 62 Genesee, - - - " 5 50 5 75 Rye, best, . . - - " 3 23 3 62 GRAIN, Corn, - . - . bushel ■ 56 58 Rvc, *' 65 70 Barley, - " 67 O.ils, - . . . " 38 40 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. pound 9 LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, clear, barrel. 17 6C 18 00 Navy, mess, " 13 00 13 50 Cargo, No. 1, ** 13 00 13 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 GO Orchard Grass, " 3 09 Fowl Meadow, - - - " 3 00 Rye Grass, - . *< 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - 1' 2 50 Red Top - - - . " 62 1 00 Lucerne, - - - . pound. 38 50 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (northern) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, - " 1 5(1 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - '( 27 35 Merino, full blood, unwashed. 18 22 Menno, three fourths washed, 11 25 30 Merino, half blood, - ii 22 25 Merino, quarter washed, " 20 22 Native, washed, - u 18 20 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - It 35 37 Pulled, Lamb's, second sorl. u 22 9.-; Pulled, " spinning, first sort. " til 30 PKOVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BV MR. HAITVVARD, (Cier/c of Faneidl-hail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - - - . MUTTON, .... POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pound. 10 7 5 " it 6 " 4 't 10 't )0 ti 14 dozen. 11 bushel. - barrel. 2 00 12 16 15 IS 13 I 00 70 MISCELLANIES. From iho Wyoming, P>, Herald. FILL ri' THE GLASS. Fill up llje cup. ihc bowl, llic glois, With wine and spirili high. Anil wc will drink, while round tliey pass. To— Vi"« and Miserij ! Push quickly round Ihc draught agaiu, And drink the gublct low, And drink in revelry's swelling strain, Ta—RtttSon's overthrow .' Fill, fill again— fill higher still ! The glass more warmly press — Fill up and drink, and drink and fill, To^Uuman Uastliiitta ! Push round I push round in quickest time — The lowest drop be spent In one loud round to Ouitt and Crime, And — Crime's just punishment ! Fill, fill again;— fill to llin brim, To — Loss of honest fame '. Quaff— deeper quaff— while now we drink Our unves^ and children's shame .' Push round ! and round ! with loudest cheers Of mirlh and revelry — We drink to — Woman's sighs and tears, And children's poverty f Fill up the glass— fill yei more high ! Thus snon ne'er let us pari — Slop not at woman's tear and sigh, Give — Beauty's broken heart! Once more ! while power shall yet remain, E'en with its latest breath, Urink I to ourselves — Disease and Pai.v, Atll) I.SFAMV AND DeATH. K. M. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. dress. How si-ldoin is that the case amongst the flatterers of the age ! I wish wc could say amongst them only. For young ladies of more sobriety to be found so ofieu slovenly, I might have said downright squalid and nasty, when no visitors ore expected, is most particularly shame- ful. Were a young woman now-a-days, from a pe- culiar sense of the sacrcdncss and refinement of female virtue, to appear with any very singular se- verity in ln:r dress, she would hardly, I four, es- cape the charge of afl'ectation ; o charge which every prudent woman will avoid as much as pos- sible. But let the license of the age be what it will, I must neeils think that, according to every rule of duty and decorum, there ought ever to be a mani- fest dilTerence bulwecn the attire of a virtuous woman and that of one who has renounced every title to that honorable name. It were indehcatc, it is unnecessary to explain this diflerence. In some respects it is sufficiently discerned by the eye of the public, though I am sorry to say not sufficiently attended to by the generality of women themselves. If in other respects it be not seen or I colunin comprises, at least, as much as five nic do not strike, the cause I apprehend must be that erate pages of a volume. Here you have eigl declension from tlie strictness of morals, which pages per week, and 4160 i)er year, sufficient would have shocked Pagans themselves in the form a work of eiglit large volumes, quite a sn July 24, 1820. friend, is the camera o&fcura.that brinL's the objec abroad within the narrow compass of vision.- Herc is a fine medley for your amusement There's some music too, in the bargain. The fir thing you enter, perchance, is " The Muse's Bov cr." Is not the poetry enchanting ■• N then, perhaps, a young amateur seizes the lyr out of fun, or mere obstinate self conceit, an gives a few twangs, like the sound of inin dro| on a bra.olitics, recipes, murders, si cides, and melancholy accidents — news from i quarters of the globe-^^dilorial sijuibs ; new i ventinns ; original essays ; marriages, and deati What a world of articles! All amusing, instru tive, and enlightening. Aside from trifling, gentle reader, let us ma a mathematical calculation. Are you aware Ik much food for the mind you gel, in the course a year, from a volume of newspapers .' Here i: paper containing sixteen columns of reading m; tcr ptr week, exclusive of advertisements ; eo purest state of ancient manners, when women of a certain description were compelled to wear a particular garb, by which they were distinguished from women of virtue. — Fordyce. Dress — I freely acknowledge that I lovo to see a woman genteelly habited, if her situation admit of it ; Iwit splendor without gentility, as well in this as in every other arlido where ornament is conccriii'd, will ever seem poor and insipid to all but untaught and vulgar spirits ! whereas on the other side it is certain, that the latter may very well subsi.st without the former ; nor is its eflect ever felt more strongly or more happily, than when it receives no assistance from the other, but results solely from our perceptions of elegant sim- plicity, an object which appears to me deserving of more attention than is commonly paid to it. In the article of dress young women should let their judgment be seen, by joining frugality and simplicity together, in being never fond of finiTy, in ciircfnlly diitinguishing between what is glaring and what is genteel, in ]irescrving elegance with the plainest liiibil, in wearing cosily array but sel- dom, and always with ea.se ; a point that may be atlainrd by her, who ha.s learned not to tliink more highly of herself for lUr. richest raiment she can put on. He assured it is thus you will cap- livnti- most and please longest. By pursuing this plan you will prrwcrve an eijuality in that groat indispensable article of neatness. You will be clean, and you will be easy ; nor will you be in daiiL'cr of appenring bullerdies one day, and slat- terns till- next. Vein will be always ready to re- ceive your friends without .seeming to be caught, or being at all disconcerted on account of your A mechanic once located himself in a village where his neighbors (as is usually the case in vil- lages) were tormented with hens : — in a tew days he was waited upon and informed that unless he shut up his hens they would be killed ! In the kindest manner imaginable he replied, "all I have to Say to your message is, that, vvhen you kill one of my hens you would bring it to nic that I may cook it." — The next day a hen was brought, which was received by the family and served up for din- ner. The same process was gone through with day after day, for several weeks, when il was ac- cidentally discovered that the mechanic aforesaid did not then, or ever before own any such animals. Upon being rcnionstintcd with by the man who killed them, for thus eating up the property of others, he drily replied, " you said they were mine, sir, and I make it a point never to contradict a stranger !" — Jlmerican Advocate. No two things diffi;r much more than hurrv and despatch. Hurry is the mark of a weak mind, despatch of a strong one. A weak man in office, like a S(niirrcl in a cage, is laboring eter- nally, but to no purpcsc, and in constant motion, without getting on a jot ; like a turnstile, he is in every body's way, but stops nobody ; he talks a great deal, but says very little ; looks into cverv- ihing, but sees into nothing ; and has a himdred irons in the fire, but very lew of them are hot, and with those few that are, he openly burns his lingers. JVewspaper Readiiifr. — Wlio woiilil not take a newspaper ? Why il is worth more than all the travelling from Cape Cod to the Slony Mountains, and from the Lake of the Woods to Terra del Fiiego. .Seateil in your old fashioned arm chair, you can look out upon the world as a mirror, and observe the busy scene, passing in every changing review before your mind's eye. A newspaper, ttle library, and all for a mere trifle of two d lars. And then, only think of the vast fund entertainment which you and your family deri from it, how it adds to your consequence amo your neighbors. Friend A. is a very intclligi man, (they will say,) and his children are all cli of the old block ; who knows but some of th< may be fit to send to Congress at some time other ? Think of this once, and who would i take a paper, which costs no more than one pa| of tobacco, or a glass of grog per week ? — A Brunsufick THmes. Two gentlemen passing a house undergoing pairs in this city, one remarked, " How quic they have gutted that house." " Yes," replied companion, " they sent out the tiver yeslenlay, ; are takine out the lishls to-dav.'' — Phil. .Inn Tall .Meadow Oat Grass Seed. This day received ai ihc New England Farmer Seed Si 32 Norlh .Slarkel street, 'iO bushelsol lall Meadow Oai G Seed, at .?"J,oO per bushel. Also, White Mulberry Seed, 30 els per ounee.I.ucci or French Clover, While and Red Clover, Sanfoin, T olliy. Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Herds Grass, &c. .■Igricultural Books. The third odilion o( Fessenden's J\'ew .Imeriean G dener ; (his work has been pronotmred by Ihc most dicious horticuiturisls in New England and Ihc nii< slates, to be the best treatise on Kreit Trees, Vc^clab Grape Vines, &c., to be found in Ihis country — pi $1.25. The Vine Dresser's Theorcncal ami Prarlical .M.in on the Culture of the Vine ; and Miking Wine, Brau and Vinegar. By Thicbaut de Reriicaiid. The Voung Gardener's AssislanI, containing Pirocli for the cullivalion of Cidinary Vegoribles, and Ornaini al Flowers. Hy T. Hridgeinan, garvlcncr. New Vor price ;i7 1-2 els. A pruciiciil Trealisc on Ihc Managcmcnl of Bees ; Ihc M.iruigciiiont of Apiaries, with the best ineUiod of ( troying and prevcniing Ihc depredilfons of the Bee M^ By Jauirs Thachcr, M. D. — price 75 els. I'ubbshcl every Friday, iil S-! |~-r iiiimim. p.i\«ble al end of ihc year — but iliose who pay wiihiu sui\ iliiys from time of Mibxrrihing, are ciilitttHl ht n ilcdiiriiou t)f lilly Cf nu (IT No paper will Ih» sent to a distance wilhoul pnymcnl iiig made in ndvaiirc. Primed for J. B. RissKl.i , hy I R Bctts- by « nil descriptions of Printing can l>e exectiietl to nieci ihc wi of cusloiiurj. Otders lor printing received by J. B. I!i «>i ■I the Agriculiural Warehouse No. 52 North Morkei ^ii Published by John B. Russell, at JVb. 52 J^orlh Market Slreet, (at the Agricultural Warehouse) — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1829. No. 2. HORTICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. GREVILLE ROSE. ;or that I liad the best success. In the beginning of hist month a few clusters began to open veiy j inilifiorently, I was much disjjleased witli it, but a few (lays afterwards it flowered to my utmost sat- isfaction, immense numbers of clusters of from ten tween tlie rows, the weeds eradicated, and the ground often hoed and raked until the (rnit be- gan to ripen. The Chili plants, which are more tender than any other strawberry I have cultivated, suffered I have cultivated many varieties of the straw- berry, and am entirely satisfied that the Pine Ap- ple has a decided preference. It is very jirolific, Mr Editor— I do not desire to enter into any jg twenty roses each. There were in some clus- partially from the unusual severity of the winter, 'lollision with the writer of the statement in your j jers as many as WnVten different shades, very A\s-\ The Roseberry first bloomed and a few ripe Sst i)aper, about the Greville Rose, but he cer- ^ tjnct, in others from four to nine, from a dark pur- 1 berries were picked on the 5th of June ; the Pine duly must have been unfortunate at least about ; |,]g ,o ^ yg,.y tender blush. There were clusters : Apple was but a few days later, while the Scarlet le developement of his plant ; for in this vicinity : ^f ijiu^hes only, likewise iiurple mid scarlet, but all was four or five. On the 14th of June, twenty- number have bloomed the present season in great ; ^f different shades. It" was pronounced by a si.x boxes of the^ine Apple strawberries were ^lendor. One of these of very large size is in ) „umber of gentlemen to be the handsomest and | gathered, and four of the Roseberry. On the 17th °'1lr E.vgie's fine garden at Brooklyn, a private j „|ogt curious of all the roses. Even the mo.st in- j thirteen boxes of the Pine Apple, on the ISth diflerent could not help admiring it, for every, »ine, and on the 19th eight; after this it was chistrt- formed a beautiful bouquet. The roses i neglected to notice the quantity, but there were at are somewhat larger than the common Mulliflora. ' least fourteen boxes more picked, making seventy Some are double, others not so much, but even the ihoxes, or nearlj^iine quarts to each row of the semidouble had their merit, for their bright yellow 1*'"^ Ap|)le. stamens in numbers, surroimded by their purple, scarlet, or blush petals were very handsome. This is the rose I purchased of you about 18 months since, and planted it on the east side of the fruit large, beautiful, sufliciently high flavor- thc house, with the Multiflora, Lady Banks, and ed, anil aromatic, but not quite so rich, or posscss- Champney roses, all in one row, and left them ' ing the fragrance of the Chili, or Roseberry. But uiqirotectcil, by straw, &c. during the last severe \ the Chili is a shy bearer, and but a small portion wniter. The result was that I lost the Lady '; of the blossoms of the Roseberry produce fruit; still age 20, and in other London publications. And Banks totally, the Multiflora, and Champney to | it '"ay be called a prolific and most valuable kind. * 16 character of the foliage cannot fad to strike vvithin six inches of the ground, the Greville rose ! The Chili claims attention from its size,— as 1 'liieata single glance with its difference, added lost six inches only from the top, the latter was have raised them four inches in circumference, — which it is so much more hardy that it lives sixteen feet hiih last fall ^rough severe winters uninjured when the Multi- T ' j address you this in the hope it may be agree- ora perishes. Mr E.ngle remarked that he would 3,^]^ to" you ; have the kindness to excuse the -"ot take one hundred dollars for his plant. The :■ ,,,ts^ ^s I write to you in a language foreign to my own, and am no botanist. ResiiectfulJv yours, JOHN B. SMITH. Wm Robert Prince, Esq. ) Flushing, Long Island. ) entleman who is a great amateur of the family of le Rose. Many specimens were also exhibited t the Horticultural Society's meetings, from Mr rmentier's and other gardens, which present- ' i all the shades of color. At Mr Prince's gar- en at Flushing, a number have bloomed. I think is necessary for the plant to become vigorous nd strong before its beauties can be fully real- ^] :ed. I would here notice an error that seems to ave been propagated, that the Greville rose is a arietj' of the Alultiflora, tvhich is not the fact, as it stated to be a totally distinct species in the Hor- is Brittanicus, page 138, in Page's Podromus, me of this rose does not, however, depend solely 1 nurserymen at New York, for it had received BJc: le highest plaudits from the London Horticultu- il Society, and from writers in Loudon's Maga- ;ie, before it was disseminated in this country — Im nd one plant is there stated to have grown forty H '.et in a single season. It certainly could have een no cause of complaint against the proprietor ''fany nursery here, if from confidence in Euro- ean statements of such high authority, he had Mt een led to import it, increase and vend it before had flowered, and it should afterwards not real- :e the desciijitions there given ; the whole blame . rould lie 071 the persons loho made misstatements in lurope — and what let me ask have we to depend n but similar statements, and from the same '* mrces in regard to the new fruits latterly re- eived in Boston, and which are sought after with jiijj much avidity, and scions of which have been istributed with such noble generosity by Mr Low- Li.. Suppose some of these kinds create disap- ointnient, will any one be so base and ungrateful yj, s to blame Mr Lowell ? It is a curious rule lerefore that will not equally apply to one who •'j: [lends his money as to him who receives a gra- jiity. JUSTICE. JVeu) York. vopy of a leUer frnm John B. Smith, Esq. of Philailclpliio, to \Vm Robert Prince, of llie Linnsean Garden, near New York — read al llic last meeting of (he New York Horlicullu- ral Society.] Philadelphia, July 15, 1829. Dear Sir — Not having seen or heard lately of ,j, ny description of the Greville Rose, I almost con- liided that mine was the first that had flowered, TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. but more csi)ecially.for its powerful aroma, deli- cious flavor, and being later than the others. — The Scarlet is very prolific, but inferior in size, flavor, and )>erfV.mo tn the oth'T three kinds ; still wonhy of extensive cultivation as it continues longer to produce fiuit than the Pine A])ple or Roseberry, if the season is wet. For the Roseberry and Pine Apple I am indebt- ed to John Lowell, Esq. to whom we are all un- der the greatest obligations, not only for numerous additions to the products of our gardens, fields, and orchards, but for a fund of interesting and valua- ble intelligence, which he so liberally disseminate?, on all the ' branches of agriculture and garden- CULTURE OF THE STRAWBERRY. Dear Sir — When I had the pleasure of a visit from you at the time my strawberries were in j inn- bloom, you expressed a wish that I should inform 1 The most celebrated writers in Great Britain you of the mode of cultivation, and what kinds recommend planting the runners in beds, three feet apart, with three rows in each, two feet apart, and the plants eighteen inches asunder ; and if the mode I have jiractised should be adopted, I were most estimable for size, flavor, and produc- tiveness. Between the first and tenth of October, 1827, 1 j set out twenty rows, one hundred feet in length, | recommend that the rows be three feet apart ; for of the following kinds. Four of the Chili, eight | if" 'I'e ground is made rich, and well tilled, the of the PineApple, twoof the Roseberry, and six of plants grow so luxuriantly as to require more room the Scarlet. The ground had been cultivated for ' than two feet between the rows, to cultivate them several years, with various garden vegetables. It properly and gather the fruit, without injury to is a sandy loam, and had been annually highly ; the vines. manured. It was ploughed, harrowed, and raked But to cultivate strawberries successfully, irri- level. The runners were placed one foot apart gation is indispensable. In Great Britain, where in rows two feet asunder. Before the ground this delicious fruit is raised in the greatest abun- froze they were covered with litter, to protect ' dance and perfection, the climate is remarkably them during the winter. In the spring of 1828 ''fnid, "'"1 drought is rarely experienced ; still manure was siiread between the rows, spaded in, ; every jirecaution is taken to insure an ample siip- and the ground raked level. During the summer | P'y of water to the plants. Various modes have they were often weeded, hoed, raked, and the run- !been adopted to accomplish this with the greatest ners as they appeared carefully laid lengthwise of | ease and certainty, as will be perceived by the fol- ihe rows, so that in the autumn the intervals were ['owing extract from Loudon's Encyclopedia of completely filled up with plants, which were cov- 1 Gardening. ered with litter, as in the preceding autumn. This I " Brick Beds for Slrawberiies. — These were spring manure was again spread and dug in be- [observed in a small garden near Chatham, and are 10 NEW ENGLAND E ARMER, Julv 81, 1S29. thii.s described. The beds were upon fliit f,'round, each about three feet wide, and bi-lween them were ircmthcs about nine inches wide, and tour inch walls of brick on each side of the trenches, to keep u|) the earth on the sides of the beds. — Thi-r^e trenches were about tlie depth of two or tlirce courses of bricks laid flat, without mortar, and were intendeil I'or the purpo.-^e of lioMing water, which was su])plied from a pump, when- ever the ground was dry, white the planla tcere in fruit, hy this method, a much greater crop of fruit was obtained, and the plants continued bear- iui; much longer than in beds where there were no trenches for water. " In Devonshire, strawberry beds are construct- ed against the side of a hill onbarik, by building up beds in steps, with rough "anite at the front, to keep up the earth, each step being about two feet high and three feet wide. These ste|)s were filled with good loam, and the surface of each was covered with rough |)iecea of granite, bedded into the Joam, leaving openings between the stones, just sullicient to put in the pli/^ts. The surface being covered with granite kept the ground long, cr in a moist state, and llie fruit always clean. " I have found a great advantage in keeping liie fruit clean, by laying a row of common bricks on each side of the rows of strawberry plants ; I tried plaiu tiles, but found bricks answered better, ns the tiles are apt to be broken in gathering the fruit. " The fruit has received its name from the an- cient practice of laying straw between the rows, which keeps the ground moist and the fruit clean." In this country we have ahnost a cloudless sky, and fervent heat, while showers are very uncer- tain, and commonly not sufliciently copious, from the lime slrawbcrrics conunencc blossoming, until the period of their rij)ening has passed, and too often half or two thirds of the crop is lost from the effects of drought. The plants suddenly wither, and the fruit is cither not formed, or pre- maturely dried up, or shrivelled. If the beds were so situated, that a shallow trench between the rows, could be filled with water every evening, when rain does not fall in Hullicient (juantity the result woulil fully reward the care and extra labor of the cultivator. A few years since I had s\x rows of strawber- ries which promised a great crop, until the fruit began to ripen, when the weather becoming hot and dry, there was great fear of the consequence. As they were at a considerable distance from the ]ium|>, all of them could not be conveniently wa- teied, but as an experiment, two rows were boun- tifully supplied, every evening, until all the fruit was gathered, and they yielded nearly twice as much as I he remaining four rows. We have received most of our information on horticulture from England, and have introduced many of their modes of cultivation, without suf- ficiently considering the difference of climate. — Tlii;re they have frerpieni showers, or damp, cloudy wi.-ather, with but few clear, anil seldom any hot days; while in this country we. generally suffer from excessive lu'al, ami such as is never experi- enced in (Jrcat Uritain. 'J'licse lulificial means are resorted to lor obtaining the reipiisite bent to mature many ganlen vegetables ami most of the fruits which ripen hero in the open air. Here there is usually a superabundance of heat, and a lack of moisture, which must be sup|>lied by art. We must imitate the cultivators of Portugal, Spain, Franc, Italy, Greece, Asia, and Egypt, where irrigation is considered so indispensable that it has occasioned an adage as old as the his- tories of those countries, that " Tukke ca.v be ^o UARDF..N WITHOUT A KOU.VTAl.N." Damp, cold land will not answer for strawber- ries ; it should be mellow and warm, but not ele- vated and dry, unless proper means are taken for complete irrigation. The most perfect scientific account of the strawberry family, which has been published ia contained in a re|)orl made to the Horticultural Society of London, by James Bariiet, L iider Gar- dener in the Fruit Department of that disiinguish- ed institution.* On the establishment of the Garden at Chiswick, circulars were sent to the Fellows, and Correspon- dents of the Society, to ascertain the names, char- acters, history, &c. of the different kinds possess- ed by each individual. Seventy answers were re- ceived, and upwards of four hundred parcels of runners, — small quantities of each kind of which were planted and carefully cultivateil through the seasons of 1823 and 1824. To facilitate the ar- rangement of this vast collection the whole were disposed into the following seven classes, and des- criptions given of the varieties of the fine fruit with their synonymes. 1. The Scarlet Strawberry, 26 varieties. crease the size of the fruit if effectually done ; b from an experiment made a few years since the did not ap|icar to be such a favorable result was anticipated. To produce the largest fn from the most magnificent varielies, the lunn should doubtless be eradicated. It will afford me pleasure to furnish plants the kinds 1 possess, to tlie members of the Ma; achusetts Horticultural Society, who will call I them, during the next month. Very respectfully, Your most obedient servant, n. A. S. DEARBORN. Brinley Place, July 23, 1829. 2. ' Black, 5 3. ' Pine, 15 4. ' Chili, 3 5. ' Ilautbois, ' 5 6. ' Green, 7. * Alpine. Total J 54 varieties. which have 228 synonymes. Mr Unrnet states, that with the addition of the two remaining classes, and of the varieties of the other classes, yet undiscovered, which are either in the ganlen of the Society, or which, though ex- isting, have not been received, the list may be ex- tended to near one hundred. He conmienced as a good selection from the kinds, which have been enumerated, the follow- ing, as possessing the proj'erties most desired for cultivation. " Scarlets. Old Scarlet Roseberry, Carmine, Scarlet, Grove End, Duke of Kent's Grimstone, American, Hudson's Bay, Cockscomb, and Wil- mot's late Scarlet. "Blacks. Pitmaston, and Downton. "Pi.NF.s. Bastack, Sm-inam, Olil Pine, Kccn'.-^ Seedling, and Rouiwl White Carolina. "CniLis. Wilinot's Superb, Ilautbois, Prolific, and Flat." " If to these twenty sorts, were added planta- tions of Red, and White Alpines, the whole would form a more (jcrfect coHcclion of strawberries than has, i)robably ever cxi.sted together, in any on ■ garden. It is to be observed, that flavor has not been the only iiro|)erty attended to in the above selection ; certain kinds, though deficient in that important i)oinl, have been included, because of their superior productiveness ; it being considered that qmintity, as well as quality and variety, is usually required." Many cd' the writers on the cullivnilon of the strawberry reconunend that the runners should be carefully cut cdV. It no doubt wr)uld tend to in- " \ ol. Ni. TrujK. Ilor. So., Lutiiluu. rOR THE NEW ENGLAJCD rASMEB. HORTICULTLRE. The recent exhibiiions at the meetings of t New York, and Philadelphia Horticultural SocJ ties are highly gratifying, as they prove the gn interest felt hi the cause of Horticulture. If the is any fact which may be taken as certain, in : lation to improvements, it is, that Horticuitu shows, and exhibitions have done more for tl art in Europe, than all other causes put togeth and if we are ever to rival the transatlantic cu vators, it must be by the same course. In ord liowevcr,to renderthcse exhibitions of the great possible value, there should be precision in stati the /ac feet height, but it is said the flowering part was oi between 3 and 4 feet. I had two flowering sic of the Vuccn filnnxntosa \\\i\i\i were very fine. One i sent to Gen. Dkarrobn, President of < llorticnliur.'il Society, which 1 did not nieasu but the other I find to be 8 feet high, wi;h 1 Indls, or flowei-s. 1 have had one producing 1 bells. It seems to me that it wouhl be belter give the number of flowers, which will arcurati 1 test the vigor and beauty of the [dant. These Vol.VIlI.— Nn.2. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 11 arks are on)y made to ensure hereafter acciira- 'l ;y of description, for we liave no feelings, but of liberal rivalsliip with tlie cultivators of other ' States. Boston tniist be far below New York, and Philadelphia in all the arts which are subservient * to luxury, and we only aim to follow them with tardy but constant steps. By the way, a Yankee, in a remote town of ^New Hampshire, Mr Abell, may challenge the whole world as to his success in improving the Lilium Canadense. Its natural produce in its proper situation is from 2 to 4 flowers. I suc- ceeded this year in producing eleven — but Mr Abeli, counted on one stalk 46 ! This is the greatest triumph of cultivation over nature of which my reading lias given me any knowledge, and the florists will give Mr Abell the credit for his success. The soil, treatment, &c. would be a very acceptable addition to Mr Abell's ac ii| count. All this may be deemed trifling to those who Ti have no love for nature, and no sense of admira- » tion of the power which man, and his mind have over its productions ; but there are some persons who will not be displeased with the detail of these remarks. J. L. Roxhury,Juhj 27, 1829. (Ill orij CULTUUE OF SILK. A curious, and it would seem a successful mode of facilitating the operations of silk worms, where- by they are enabled to produce larger and more Vo perfect cocoons, has been discovered by Dr Pasca- ilij lis, of New York, and consisting chiefly in the ap- plication of electricitt/ to these singular insects The Editor of the New York Evening Post say he lias witnessed the experiments, and, " seen the insects subjected to the influence of the electrical fluid, actively at work spinning their silken shrouds; while those which were only partially I electrised were later in their operations, and those to which electricity had not been applied in any degree, were still inactive." Could the advantage of this discovery be gen- erally introduced among those who are in the habit of raising silk worms, it would be justly con- sidered an important inijirovement. But there is reason to fear that it will be set down merely as a singular fact in natural history ; and ranked among those revelations which are more curious, as phenomena, for the contemplation of philoso- phers, than useful, as agents capable of practical and profitable application. It is certainiy a very novel and somewhat droll circumstance that even the sluggish worm may be stimulated to industry, \i yea excited to improvement, by the mysterious power of electricity. The Doctor's communica- tion on this subject, copied below, is really very interesting — Eve. Bulletin. To the Editors of the Evening Post : — Gentlemen — The small nursery of Silk Worms which you and many others have visited, was planned on a new method, with a view of as- certaining by experiments the influence of electric- ity upon this lepidopeirick insect. It is a fact not less true because strange, that to this day, such an inquiry should not have been instituted, al- though hinted at by one or two writers. Yet modern European culturists have tortured their minds with systematic methods and processes, the rationale of which, through infinite care, rules and expensive provisions must ultimately elicit that clement from the ambient atmosphere, their very best and successful operations remain never- theless unexplained. I have just made three divisions of silk worm seeds, no larger in quantity than we could con- < venicntly feed ; they were left to spontaneous hatching and to ordinary care, they were also ex- posed to the late vicissitudes of temperature, which we never corrected by artificial heat. These were of course a little thinned in their ranks, and al- though they have spun good yellow cocoons they have been in the nursery ten days longer than the following ; concerning these we have nothing to boast of. A second division was insulated in litters by means of strong twilled cloth of silk laid over the hurdles, and as the room of the nursery was aired, and confined air frequently renewed, it is evident that the worms were always in a positive state of electricity — they were remarkably vigorous — they mounted to spin a week sooner than the first di- vision, leaving few idlers and few sick : their brushwood not being suflicient in space, they were offered two inclined hurdles made up of split canes, which they admirably filled up with their own white and large cocoons — this portion has therefore been successful in about thirty-six days. The third division had been insulated not only by silk but by glass supports, and through a pow- erful jar of a portable machine was electrised as often as the condition of the atmosphere would permit — jierhaps eight or ten times ; they were visibly excited ; they ate voraciously, at least five meals a day ; they rested on the thirtieth day to mount and spin. They were clustered in large bundles on the brushwood, all of white silk, slight- ly tinged with a green hue. These cocoons hav- ing been weighed were found of the first quality — sixteen or seventeen to an ounce. This small diflference was owing to the brushwood not being selected as the most convenient for the spinners. Some other details of the above experiment will be furnished in the first number of the Silk Cul- turist, now in press, to be issued the ensuing week. From yours respectfully, July 11, 1829. FELIX PASCALIS. THE IMPORTANCE OF WHOLESOME WA- TER TO CATTLE. " I lately visited Dr Jenner. The Doctor con- descended to converse with me on the diseases of cows ; and informed me, that giving wholesome water to cows, was of more importance than the public is aware of. He told me there was a farm in the neighborhood, where three or four farmers had sustained so much loss from abortions in their cows, from red water, and other diseases, that they were either ruined or obliged to give it up. — The present occupier suspected that the water they drank was the cause of the mischief, and therefore sunk three wells on diflferent parts of his farm, and pumped the water into troughs for the cattle. The ponds were fenced round to prevent them from getting at the water, so that they drank only from the troughs. Since that time the farmer has not had a single abortion, or one case of red water. His cattle have been free also from swollen udders ; and what is of more importance, he makes more cheese, and his cheese is greatly improved in quality. The Doctor wished me to visit the farm, which I did, and another at a short distance. I found that the usual mode of water- ing cattle, where there was no brook or running water, was from a pit of stagnant rain, or spring water, to which the cattle had access by means of a sloping path on one side only. It has been ob- served that cattle, immediately after drinking, dung or make water ; and almost always before leaving the sloping path — the dung and urine therefore flow into the pond, or arc washed into it by the rain, and make the water so impure, that it has been found to kill eels, and nothing but nox- ious insects can live in it. The disgust which such water must excite in animals accustomed to drink from brooks, is gradually overcome in a great measure, and they sometimes drink it with- out appearing to suffer ; but the influence it has ujion the animal's health is strikingly shown on this farm. On visiting the other farm, where the cows had been prevented from drinking this pond water only six months, the beneficial effects of drinking wholesome water was sufficiently obvi- ous to demonstrate its utility. Before that time^ they were frequently meeting with red water and swollen quarters ; that is, a swelling of a part of the udder ; but since the cows had drank pure water, not a case of either had occurred." — fVhite's Compendium. [This reminds us of a fact that fell under our observation last week — a lady near this city had kept in a glass globe, for some weeks, some beau- tiful gold fish ; they grew finely and were the ad- miration of all who saw them ; subsisting entirely on pump water. Some time since, tor some cause she sent for water to a neighboring pump, very near, and perceiving soon after that the fish became sluggish, she removed the water and they recovered. The other day, the pump at the door, from which her fish was supplied, being muddy, she sent to a neighbor's pump not more than 150 yards distant — the water such as is used every day, and apparently very wholesome and clear. — The fish globe was filled with that late in the evening, and the consequence was, the death of all her beautiful gold fish the next day. This proves how much depends on latent qualities of water, which may be often the cause of sickness to man and beast as well as fish. — Ed. Am. Far. WOUNDS IN CATTLE. "The treatment of wounds in brutes is much the same as that practised in healing those on the human body. The operations of nature are the same in both ; and from these are derived the principles which direct the management of wountls. The cruelties which are practised by ignorant and unskilfid persons, in applying their nostrums, and knives, and pincers, cords,and burn- ing irons, to poor dumb animals, call loudly for the intervention of common .sense and humanity." - Mackenzie. Cldoride of Lime. — The Savannah board of health employ chloride of lime to purify places charged with foul air, or abounding with bad smells. The method adopted to correct the air ill sinks is to dilute two pounds of the chemical with five gallons of water. — JV. Y. Courier. In the Garden of Hampton Court, England, is a celebrated Vine, allowed, by all foreigners, to sur- pass every other in Europe. It is 72 feet by 20, and has, in one season, produced 2272 bunches of grapes, weighing 18 cwt. It was planted in 1769. The stem is about 13 inches in girth. ^ 12 NEW ENGLAND FARIMER, July 31, 1920. AGRICULTLRC. Tlic fullowin;; roiiinrks mo made by the Editor oftlie St John City (lazeltr, after cmimiTiitingtlie miseries o!" tlio lower class of muiiufurtiircr^ in Enghind at the present time : " That mamifaclnrcs, commerce, and enterprise, have raised (treat JSritain to licr present stale of greatness, and to iior liij,'h standing,' aiuoiif,' tlic nations, there caTi hi- no doubt ; but that ihrro are certain hniits to uhicli tticse can, profitably be cxlcnih;d, and hryond which they not only cease to be profitable, but become actually injurious, is also evident. The ditliculty only is, to ascorlain correctly what those funits are, and even after tliey have been a.sccrtained to preserve tlicm. '• Were a duo erpiilibrium preserved, between the productions and the wants of man, especially in those articles which minister to the lu.xurics and eli'jrancies of liti; ; and were the divisions of labor in the production of lliesc, and the staple articles of life better attPiulcd to, many of tlinse over- whelming reverses, which !)ury the fortunes and tlic hopes of thousands in their ruins, would there- by be avoided. " To us it appears that ahliough the benefits of manufactures, and commerce, arc astonishingly great, and almost beyond calculation; still there is Bomething, though not so splendid, yet absolutely iijore solid, in agriculture ; and which we fear has not been kej)t in sight so much as it should have been in the mother country. If we are correctly informed, there is now in Great Britain a quantity of waste land capable of improvement, sufticient, if cultivated, to jiroduce bread for its present vast population ; and were it with us to devise a rem- edy for the present, and to guard against future distres.'', we should say, cultivate those wastes. " Had all the capital which, within a few years, has been sunk in joint stock coniiianies, and bub- bles, been appropriated to the melioration and cul- tivation of those vast conitnoiis, how diflerent would now be (he aspecj of affairs. A work of that kind would furnish employment for thoitsands of the laboring classes, while in progress, and pro- duce bread for them forever after. And although not so immediately, anj never .so highly produc- tive, as highly prosperous commercial or manufac- turing enterprise, yet moderately and substantial- ly profitable, and always safe from those fluctua- tions and uncertainties which are inseparable from the other." Eztracls from a pamphld conlaininc; Proceedings of the Essex .Igricullurat Sociely. (Continued from page 5.) WILLIAM TliniLOW'S STATE.MENT. Ji statement of the Management and Produce of the Farm of h'itliam Thurlou; of H'esl A'eiotuci/, in 1828. Tlic farm contains 150 acres, which is divided in the following manner, vi/. : 31 acres of mowing and tillage. '20 do of meadow, 8 acres of which is salt marsh. 48 acres of pasttire. 22 do of orcharding, which is also improvcil as a jiasturo for horses and sheep. 23 acres of woodland. The produce of the mowing and tillage the jiresent year, is as follows, viz : .'525 bushels of ei.r» of Indian corn, from 1 acres. 106 bushels of wheal from 0 acres. 340 do of potatoes, from IjJ acres. 73 do of onions, from 21 rods. 35 tons of English hay. 39 acres of meadow liay including that from the salt marsh. The crop of wheat the present year w ith us, as in many other jilaces, is U'ss than an avciago crop — which I think is about 24 bushels to ihe acre. The produce of my orchard on an average for the last 8 or 10 years, lias been from 6 to 600 barrels of winter apples, and 50 barrels of cider. The stock wliich I kept on the farm on an av- erage— is from 12 to 15 cows; 4 to (i oxen; 6 or 6 young cattle ; 2 hor.ses ; 20 sheep and 6 swine. Tlio produce of the dairy from twelve cows has been as follows, viz : — Previous to the 20th of j\Iay, 200 pounds of butter: from 20tli of May to 20tli of July, 61 cheeses, weigliing on an aver- age 25 lbs. each, . - . 1525 From July 20th to October 10th, 1475 Total 3000 lbs. Since we finished making cheese the quantity of butter will exceed 200 lbs. I manage my tillage in the foUowiiig manner As soon as the cro]) of grass is taken off, I break up my land, cross plough it in the spring ; then spread on about 16 cart loads of manure to the acre ; then idough again, and put eight loads in the hills ; second year, two ploughings, sow down to grass with a crop of wheat. I increase my manure by mixing swamp mud which I cart on to the upland in the summer, and let lie over win- ter ; then mix it with the manure in the barn and hog yards. The average quantily fiom the barn yard is one hundred loads — from the hog yard from thirty to forty loads. Cash paid for labor from November 1st, 1827, to November 1st, 1828, is 127 dollars. The dairy and crops (excci>t ajiples and cider*) about the same the last as the present year. WILLIAM TIIUKLOW. WeslXexohimj, Xov. 2S, 1828. STATEMENT OF JAMES PECKER. A statement of the Produce of the Farm of James Pecker, of Jbneshury, in 1828. The farm contains 43 1-2 acres, ten acres of which is improved for mowing and tillage only — the remaining 23 1-2 acres is improved as a pas- ture. 1 have raised on the ten acres tho present year, — 12 tons of English hay. 187 1-2 bushels of ears of Indian corn. 80 bushels of green peas — sold in the pod, and averaged one dollar per bushel. 30 bushels of barley — (besides the light grain.) 12 1-2 bushels of rye. !} bushels of millet. 1-2 a Ion of millet fodder. 2 bushels of seed peas (shelled.) 2 bushels of beans. 1 15 bushels of potatoes. The corn was raised on one acre and sixty- seven rods of land. The peas were raised on 107 rods of land — and the same ground has now a crop of turnips * 30 barrel! of apples ood 6 barreh orcidcr,the prowul year. on it, (which arc not yet pulled) of at least 12 bushels. I ploughed the ground and sowed the millet iin mediately after the crop of bay was taken of consequently that ground produced two crojit, ih present year. On the ground which 1 tilled I spread on an. ploughed in 25 cords of manure. The stock kept on the furni is one yoke of oxer one horse, three cows, one heifer, eight shecj), an. three swine. I have hired one man five months ami ten d.iy> I have worked out myself 104 days, besides te days marketing peas, and eleven days absent o journies. My oxen have worked out 16 1-: days. There lias not been a gallon of ardent spirit drank in performing all the labor on mv farm. JA31ES PECKER. •ii' r to: itri Essex, ss. — October 20, 1828.— Personally ap peared James Pecker, and made oath that th above statement by him subscribed, is true, ac cording to the best of his knowleilge and belief— before me, LOWELL B-VGLEY. Justice of Ihe Peace. To the great farmer the foregoing stateiner will apjiear small and insignificant, at the firt glance ; but let it be compared with the net profit of a large farm — with an eye to Ihe quality of thi land, the expense of cultivation, and the qnantiti of manure, and I think the balance will be founi in favor of this. We have much better and niucl larger farms in our town than this — farms of 101 and 150 acres, whose owners grow rich, and wh< do not think of entering their farms lor a ]iremiun — they are much jirejudiced against what the; term '• book farming." But put those farmers oi Pecker's farm, and they would starve, or at lea* find it hard to obtain a bare support from its proi iluce ; whereas I have not the least doubt myseh that Pecker lays up something handsome, annual ly, btisides supporting his family. I am, with respect, vours, LOWELL BAG LEY. Hon. A. T. Newiiall, ) Col. D. Adams, &c. i This certifies, that I measured the land whicl -Air Pecker cultivated the last year, and the con tents as described in the foregoing stati incnt i- correct. LOWELL BAGLEY. (To be continued. THE SANDWICH WOLF. The Barnstable Journal gives many particular.- I or 5 columns) concerning the wolf lately killed in Sandwich, in this Stale, of which the following is an abslracl. A great |)roporiiun of Plymoiiih. Sandwich, Barnstable, and Falmouth is slill cover- ed with forest, and this forest land is connocteil logeiher so as to form one extensive unruliivated region, which affords a wide range for deer and iither animals. The iiihabitanis of these towns are not su exclusively seamen as is eominoiily ihonght ; the greater part ore farmer.-", who get their living out of the ground ; one of the princi- |i.il object.; of their attenlioii is sheep, which they . I rive into ihc woods after shearing, w here ihe an- imals fiiiil sullicieiil t'ood during the suninier. In 1S27, many sheep were found dead in tho w-oods iiiuch mutilated about tho throat, and some were found wounded, but not killed ; at length, thn tracks of some uuknown animal wore discovered, •'li Vol VIII.— No. 2. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 13 1 soon after, a strange beast resembling a large tr was seen. Wlien the slieep returnctl to their ners in the fall of 18"27, some farmers did not '" d more than half of their number, and more or ''' s wore missing from almost every flock. During ! winter of 182T-S, the unknown animal visited '" ! enclosed iiclds and barn yards, and killed some Sep in almost every fold, in the vicinity of the pods ; his tracks were seen in the snow, and the izens luiited in hunting matches to destroy him, t he escaped unharmed. In the sunmier of 28, he killed many sheep both in the pastures the woods, and several carcases of deer "'"ire discovered; he was frequently seen, and Sny times pursued by the hunters, but always ;aped. lie was once iseen in the road by two ung women ; after thej' had shouted at him ireral times, he delibei'ately jum])cd over the ice into a field and killed a lamb. Prey was undant, and he seldom look more from a sheep jn the blood, the milk glands of ewes, and a iv niouthfids from the hind quarters; many cep were found alive, cruelly wounded, and a fr recovered. During the winter of 1828-9 he ntinued his usual habits, and many a general n out of the people was made after him, but '■ By could neither kill nor capture him. Dogs '" ite afraid of him and would not follow his track. icli of the towns of Sandwich and Falmouth of- "'• red a reward of $100 for his destruction within ■'''] ejr bounds. At length, on the tenth of June St, a party discovered him in Barnstable, and seph Hoxsie severely wounded him with a "' large of buckshot ; he was pursued about three "''I lies to a swamp in Sandwich, where a second 1 large of buckshot killed him. He proved to be "'.'wolf, weighing 68 pounds, and measuring 6 feet " 3m the nose to the end of the tail. It is sup- ^ ised that he was brought to Plymouth from 1" ibrador by a fishing vessel, a few years ago. — '' lie vessel had three whelps on board, one of hich escaped to the woods, and the others died ; ey were su[)poscd to be j'oung foxes, but it is >w believed that they were wolves. It was a ason of great rejoicing when the animal was nin. He had destroyed more than one thousand eep in Sandwich, and perha])s an equal number other towns. About forty years ago a wolf oiu Vermont made great destruction among the eep in Barnstable, and Plymouth comities where 5 remained two or three years ; he was killed in iddleborough. — Hamp. Gnzelk. Hemp. — Wc have seen several stalks of hemp \ feet in length, from the field of Mr Hibbard, at adley upper Mills, and are informed that the on about two acres was from five to six feet height, in six weeks from the time the seed as sown. — Ibid. i ;mij Rtmains of the Mammoth. — Two tusks of the ammoth have been exhibited at Edinburgh, hich were brought from the coast of America, Jar Bhering's Straits. They are in fine preser- ition ; the smallest is nine feet nine inches in ligth, and the largest, which has lost the point, lUst have been originally twelve feet. Professor imeson thinks the animal must have been 15 or 6 feet Jiigh, and much larger than the elephant. he tusks were found imbedded in a mass of ice ne hundred feet above the water, and with them ■ere many teetli and bones of the mammoth. — he race of animals to which these remains be- longed must have been extinguished by some great catastrophe, probably the general deluge. — Their remains are found in North America, Eu- rope and Northern Asia. — Ibid. Great Blast. — A few days since, 175 pounds of powder were expended at one blast on the Ches- apeake and Ohio Canal line, in JVIaryland, and from 800 to 1000 tons of the solid rock were sep- arated from the mass and thrown into a ravine ; about an eijual quantity of stone was loosened by the same blast. From Silliman's Journal of Science and Arls. IGNIS FATUUS. By Rev. John Milchdl. Those luminous appearances which are pojiu- larly called " Will-o-the-wisp," and " Jack-a-lan- tern," have been alike the object of vulgar super- stition and philosophical curiosity ; and notwith- standing all attempts to apprehend and subject them to examination, they, are not much more the subjects of knowledge iiov/ than they were centu- ries ago. I was myself, formerly, familiar with these ap- pearances ; they were of frequent occurrence near my father's residence, owing, probably, to the proximity-of extensive wet grounds, over which they are usually seen. The house stood u))on a ridge, which sloped down on three sides to the beautiful meadows which form the margin of the Connecticut. These mysterious luminaries used often to be seen by the fishermen, who plied their nets by night as well as by daj'. They commonly reported that they saw them a little above the surface of the meadow, dancing up and down, or gliding quietly along in a horizontal lirte. Sometimes two or even three, would be seen together, skipping and dancing, or sailing away in couuert, as if rejoicing in their mutual companionship. I might entertain you with abundance of fabulous accounts of them — the offspring of imaginations tinctured with su- perstition, and of minds credulous from a natural love of the marvellous. Fables, however, are of little value for the jiurposes of science : if the fol- lowing account of some of the phenomena of the ignis fatuus, shall, with the observation of others, contribute towards a true theory of its nature, you will think them worthy of a place in your Journal. A friend of mine, returning from abroad late in the evening, had to cross a strip of marsh. As he ajiproached the causeway,' he noticed a light towards the opposite end, which he supposed to be a lantern in the hand of some person whom he was about to meet. It proved, however, to be a solitary flame, a few inches above the marsh, at the distance of a few feet from the edge of the cause- way. He stopped some time to look at it ; and was strongly tempted, notwithstanding the miri- ness of the place, to get nearer to it, for the pur- pose of closer examination. It was evidently a vapor, [phosphuretted hydrogen ?] issuing from the mud, and becoming ignited, or at least lumin- ous, in contact with the air. It exhibited a flick- ering appearance, like that of a candle expiring in its socket ; alternately burning with a large flame, and then sinking to a small taper; and occasion- ally, for a moment, becoming quite extinct. It constantly appeared over the same spot. With the phenomena exhibited in this instance. I have been accustomed to compare those exhib- ited in other instances, whether observed by my- self or others ; and generally making due allow- ance for the illusion of the senses and the credu- lity of the imagination in the dark and misty night, (for it is on such nights that they usually apjicar,) I have found these phenomena sullicient for the explanation of all the fantastic tricks which are reported of these phantoms. They are supposed to be endowed with loco- motive ))ower. They appear to recede from the spectator, or to advance towards him. But this may be explained without locomotion — by their variation in respect to quantity of flame. As the light dwindles away, it will seem to move from you, and with a velocity i)roportioned to the ra- pidity of its diminution. Again as it grows larger, it will appear to approach you. If it expire, by several flickerings or flashes, it will seem to skip from you, and when it reappears you will easily imagine that it has assumed a new position. This reasoning accounts for their apparent motion, either to or from the spectator ; and I never could ascertain that they moved in any other direction, that is, in a line oblique or ])erpendicular to that in which they first a])])cared. In one in- stance, indeed, I thought this was the fact, and what struck me as more singular, the light appear- ed to move with great rapidity, directly against a very strong wind. But after looking some time, I reflected that I had not changed the direction of my eye at all, whereas if the apparent motion had been real, I ought to have turned half round. — The deception was occasioned by the motion of the wind itself — as a stake standing in a rapid stream will appear to move against the current. It is a common notion that the ignis fatuus can- not be approached, but will move oft' as rapidly as you advance. This characteristic is mention- ed in the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. It is doubt- less a mistake. Persons attempting to approach them, liave been deceived perhaps as to their dis- tance, and finding them farther oflfthan they im- agined, have proceeded a little way and given over, under the impression that jiursuit was vain. An acquaintance of mine, a plain man, told me he actually stole up close to one and caught it in his hat, as he thought : — " and what was it ? " I asked. " It was nothing." On looking into his hat for the " shining jelly," it had wholly disap- peared. His motions had dissipated the vapor, or perhaps his foot had closed the orifice from which it issued. To this instance another may be ad- ded. A young man and woman walking home from an evening visit, ajiproached a light which they took for a lantern carried by some neighbor, but which on actua:lly passing it, they found to be borne by no visible being ; and taking themselves to flight, burst into the nearest house, with such preci|iitation as to overturn the furniture, and im- part no small share of their fright to the family. The circumstance that these lights usually ap- pear over marshy grounds, exjilains another pop- ular notion respecting them ; namely, that they possess the power of beguiling persons into swamps and fens. In a misty night, they are easily mistaken for the light of a neighboring house, and the deceived traveller, directing his course towards it, meets with fences, ditches, and other obstacles, and by perseverance, lands at length, quite bewildered, in the swam)) itself By this time, he perceives that the false lamp is only a irfischievous jack-a-lantern. An adventure of 14 NEW ENGT.WD FARMER, July 31,1829. TJV this kind I rcnienibcr to have occurred in my own iieigliljorliood. A man lc-l\ UU iieiglilior'.-* Iioiise late in llic fvcnin^f, uiid at dajliglil liad notnacli- cd liis own, a iiuartcr of a mile distant ; at wliicli Ilia family being concerned, a number of persons went out to search for him. We found him near a swamp, with soiled clothes, and a tlion^'htful countenance, reclining' by a fence. The account he gave was, that he had been led into the swamp by a jack-a-lantcrn. His story was no doubt true, and yet had a little of the marvellous in it. The night bring dork, and the man's senses a litdo dls- onlered withal, by a glass too much of his neigh- bor's chcriy, on approaching his house, he saw a light, and not suspecting that it was not upon his mantel, made towanls it. A bush or bog, might have led to the sami- place, if he had happened to take it for his chimney top. JVEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1829. CULTURE OF SILK. The Directors of the Mouses of Industry and Reformation, at South ISoston, with an enligljtcn- cd policy have determined to introduce the culti- vation of silk, for the ])urpose of aflonliiig eiiiploy- nient to the inmates of those establishments. — They have had a large number of White Mulber- ry trees planted, as a preliminary step in tlic busi- ness. It is an excellent plan, and in a few jears their example will probably be followed by many. Horticullural .\mong the articles exhibited at the Hull of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety, on Saturday the 25th inst, were specimens of the Otaheile Mulbern/— six varieties ol' Dclj)hin- iuvi, polfiililla napolcnsis, varieties of campanula, Malva, hamerocolis purpurea, schizanlhus pinnuta, ifc, from Messrs Winsuip's nursery — specimens of crassula coccinea, bouvardia tryphilta, fuchsia coccinea, and very splendid Dahlias, from Mr ILv- 0ER9T0.N, of Charlestown. — Early Chenango Po- tatoes from the garden of E. IlKnsEV DEnav, Es(|. of Salem, produced by his peculiar and valuable method of transplanting, (described in the New England Farmer, vol. ii. Jiage 117.) — Specimens of American Sewing Silk, maile this season at Dedliam, Mass. by J. H. Coiiii. — Specimens of two varieties of Cucumbers, one a new kind from England, measuring 12, 13, and 18 inches in length, from Mr Skmor's establishmnnt at Koxbu- ry. — Fine Lettuce from !Mr Howe, of Dorchester, raised from seed received from the New York HorticiMtural Society, this sca.son. Many other articles were left for examination, by Dr Harris, of Dorchester, and others. Several donations have recently been madi.' to the Liliiary and funds of the Society, which may be more particularly noticed hereafter. ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE GROWTH OF SM.K. The Trustees of the .Massachusett.s Society for the Promotion of Agrirnltiire, have ofibred a pre- mium oftiKTT noi.uRs to the person, who, on or before the Ist Dcci-mbi^r, 18:i2, shall have raisiil the largest plantation of the Whili^ iMiilbrr- ry Tri'c, not less than 2000 plains, nor less than Ihrte years old, — ami a premium ro]ier season for in- oculating or budding. M'.Mahon says " Cherries, plums, or any other fruit trees, may be budded in August, if the bark parts freely from the stock — Pears ought to be inoculateil the early part of the month, or while the sap flows freely ; hut the peach, nectarine, almond, and a|)ple, will succeed any time between the first of August and twen- tieth of September, provided the stocks are young and vigorous." Preserve peach, plum, cherry, and apricot stones, &c. to sow for raising stocks to bud and graft on. These may either be .sown immediately, or kept in common garden earth or moist sand. But it will be necessary to sow tlicm before the rnones o|)en, anil the radicles begin to shoot ; otherwise many of them will be broken or torn in the l)roccss of sowing. Every day they are kept out of ground is an injnry to them ; and if they re- main in a dry state till spring, very few will veg- etate till a year after, and the greater number not at all. Continue to collect and preserve seeds as directed last moiilii. Sow onions to stand over winter ; likewise, cauliflowers. «•■' PARING AND BURNING SOILS. It is remarked in 1 aiicoid'cr'* Survey of Devon shire ( Kiifr.) that the iiidiscriiiiinate practice of paring and burning has proved very injurious to the farming interest in that county. He says " Where fields are known to have been most fre- quently subjected to this ordeal, in addition to its other ruinous eftects, such enclosures are seen rapidly covered with moss ; and notwithstanding the great pains which have been taken of late years, by selecting the most perfect and beautiful of the male and feinalo of the North Devon cattle, iheir standard in point of size, is judged to he rather on the decline than otherwise, and which, by some is ascribed to the general deterioration of the herbage, by a too frequent practice ofs|)ading and burning the pastures, and thus destroying the native stock of all the finer grasses." It dors not fiillow, however, that paring and burning may not, ill some cases prove useful, when there exists in the soil a great excess of vegetable nintter. MAM KING GKASS LANI)S. Tlic sainu writer, quoted above, says that in Devonshire " In a few instances, the manuring the upland meadows was observed to take plac vs little after the hay harvest ; but that labor is m generally performed during the frosty season of w ter. A composition also of lime and mould is p pared in the |>rcccding summer, and usually plied at the same time. From its tendencj destroy the moss, and encourage a thicker gro\ of white clover, this dressing is much ap])roved and is yearly coming into more general use." ORCHARDS. The writer above quoted says " A very como practice prevails of foddering cattle duriiiL' winter in orchards, when it can be done with injury to the young trees. Dressing the onlis at the same time and manner as is usual to i nure mowing grounds is also found very m to increase their produce ; but to cultivate the chards with jiotatoes is very much dLsajipruved not only on account of the exhausting naiurt that crop, but from its tillage, the ground bcco* ^ so much loosened, as frequently to expose trees being blown down by the westerly windf "The variety of names being applicable to same fruit in this and other districts, and evot the adjacent villages, precludes all chance of ing understood at a distance, in Sjieaking of apple that may be the favorite in such places, rich sweet apple seems generally to hold the i forence for cider ; those of a more acid quality hoarding, or winter use. " Throughout the whole of this country experience has shown, that the same fruit grow on a moist loam, or clay bottom, will |)ruduc vastly superior cider to that growing on an der stratum of sheer sand or gravel. An acdi looking to the south east is the situation ain jncferred here for the culture of the apple tret- The size of the fruit is much kept up on trees* fast verging to decay, by cutting oft" the sucki opening the top by i)runing away all the v dead, and unprofitable bi-aiiclies, and dies: each tree annually at its root, with a compoc dung, lime, and way soil, in proportion of scum, or horse load to two trees. The orch thus invigorated and openetl to the influenc the sun and air, the moss with which the brani of the trees had been clothed for many years I ofl", and the improvement in the size, qiian and quality of the fruit, is not less evident I the healthy and flourishing condition of the t SEA SAND. The same writer says of sea sand tliat " w- it is used as a top dressing u|>on grass land, eit if alone or with mould, it never fails ta bring forth a succession of seasons, a very sweet and ral *; ble herbage." From llio [Loudon] Mechanic's Hagazioo. POT.VTO BEER. Dr Hare [of Philadelphia] having obscrv there is a strong analogy between the saci matter of the sw eet potato ami inoUisses, saccharum of malt, was iiiihiced to boil a w made from the potatoes, of lOtiO deg. spec gravity, with a proportionate quantity of hops, the space of two hours. It was then cooled ohoiit .5t> degiTcs ami yeast adih-d. .\s far Hare could judge, the phenomena of the firiin tiition anil,'the resulting liquor wcro prccisel saiuo as if mall had bccu used. The wort » •; Vol. VIII.— No. 2. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 15 It in a warm place, until tlie temperature was degs. Fahr. ; and the fall of the head showed attenuation to be sufficient. Yeast subse- jntly rose, which was removed by a spoon. — refrigeration a further quantity of yeast was cipitated, from which the liquor being decant- became tolerably fine for new beer, and in fla- e.\actly like ale made from malt. Dr Hare computed that 5 bushels of potatoes would iducc as much wort as 3 bushels of malt ; it is be considered, too, that the residue would, as d for cattle, be worth half as much as the pota- s employed. Salt in cold climates may be obtained, with a lat saving of labor and fuel, by freezing sea ter, and after separating tlic ice, which is form- of tlie watery particles only, evaporating the ny residuum, wliich may be done in a short le by fire. Gen. Bauer states that this method been practised with great success in Ruissia. — d. Sharpening Knives. — Rlr De Jongh, of Man- 3Ster, has recently made an important discov- with respect to the sharpening of knives. — !"he best mode," he says, " of sliarpening aknife to draw it over the surface of a suitable stone, emery-coated substance from heel to point, in :h lineal directions as form an angle of forty- e degrees with the breadth of the knife. By >ving a knife laterally and in contact with a re- iving stone, in the usual way the desired grind- lines are obtained. But an evil exists in this d other modes of sharpening knives, the edge is vays turned more or less, contrary to the grind- side. To obviate this I have found out that two stones be turned in contrary directions, their ripheries slightlj' touching each other, and the ife drawn at right angles with the stone, at out the place where tliey touch, and being pre- nted by a fixed rest from being drawn hetwixt ; stones, it will most effectually and in the best ly be sharpened. — Ibid. Bones of the Great Monster. — We were on Sat- urday led by curiosity to view the skeleton of the Great Monster, now exhibiting at 330 Broadway. The bones are beyond anything upon record. — There is nothing in the annals of the world, either in the earth or in the sea, that will even remotely compare with them. The largest, supposed to be merely the jaw hone, is 20 feet long, and weighs 1200 lbs. The vertebra is sixteen inches in di- ameter, the passage for the spinal marrow nine by six inches, the ribs nine feet long, and all the rest of the bones in proportion. We were shown, at the same time, one of the vertebra? of a Mammoth ; but to this monster a Mammoth would bear no more comparison than a mouse does to an elephant. Perhaps this was the skeleton of the Behemoth, of which we know nothing .save the name. AVe observe that the owner advertises to sell one undivided half, that the whole may be carried to Europe. They ought certaiidy to be sent to France ; if Cuvier be living, he coidd, better than any man in the world, give some information regarding them. — They would attract much attention in Europe. — jV. Y.Enq. Insect injurious to the Vine. — David Kizer, of Washington City, has communicated to Dr Sam- uel L. Mitchell, in a letter, dated July 14, 1829, four specimens of an insect which he found on the Grape Vine. It is capable of doing injury to the fingers of those who handle it, and of produc- ing considerable pain and inflammation. There seems to be an emission of a venomous fluid. He saw a honey bee pierced through its body and killed by the wound. It would seem that the food of this powerful and devouring insect, says Mr K., is the honey bee. He has given it the name of the Pelican Bee-Catcher. As the speci- mens are in excellent preservation, it may be ex- pected that further entomological researelies will be made by the savans of New York. CANADA THISTLE. This noxious weed, of whose deleterious char- ter, we fear, our farmers are not sufliciently ^are, appears to be disseminating itself through- it the country. A patch of them appeared, a ar or two since, on the borders of the canal, ar its head, in this town. Although the lot is , unimpioved one, we are gratified to perceive at a regard to the good of others has prompted e proprietors to take the necessary means for eventing them from seedling, and, of probably stroying them. Such an example is worthy of mniendation and imitation. Those who have y of tliem on their farms, unless they take early easures for eradicating them, will some day bit- rly rue the neglect. We have recently noticed veral patches of them in different places by the ay side. These slioidd also be attended to by ose who own land adjacent to them. We have en, in the vicinity of the lower part of Lake lanqilain large and fertile farms so conq)letely errun with them as to diminish their value at ast twenty-five per cent. They grew so thick id rank, in some of the most valuable mowing ts, as to almost entirely choke out every other lecics of vegetation. If suffered to extend them- Ives here, they may be expected to produce the me effects. — Mass. Spy. Strawberry Plants. For sale .nl the Brighton Nursery 2000 plants of the Pine Ap- ple .StrawberiT, in fine order for Iransplanling — at S'^fiO per 100 — 37 1-2 cl5 per doz. Also, Wilmot's Superb, Alphie, Rose- berry, Hautbois, Downton, &c. Orders for ihe above may be direcled In J. 13. Kussell, Seed Store, 52 Norlli Market Si, Boslon, wliere the planls will be delivered, free of charge for transportalion. If Tulip Roots. For sale at the Seed Slore connecled wilh the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, A line collection of Dutch Tubp Roots, of bright red, yellow, white, pink, and splendid variegated colors, at ^1,00 per dozen — 12 i-2 CIS single. tf jyotice. Subscribers to the New England Farmer are informed that they can have their volumes neatly and faithfully half bound and lettered, at 75 cts per volume, by leaving them at this office. New China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner Ware. Received, a great variety of the above; which, with a com- plete assortment of Crockery, China, and Glass Ware, are of- fered for sale, low, at No. 4 Dock Square. Turnip Seed. For sale at Ihe Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs fine White Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 1829 — also, several other approved vaiietiesfrom Scotland, and- London, among which the Early Dutch, Yellow Stone, and Yellow Malta, have proved of very superior quality for the table,— and the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) and the Large Norfolk Field Turnip for cattle^ ^__ Short Horn Bull Calf fVanted. A fair price vvill be given for a first rale, warranted Short Horn Durham Bull Calf, to go to Concord. Mass. Inquire of J. B. Russell, publisher of the New Englaud Farmer (post paid.) 3t Gardener wants a Situation. A gardener, who has a complete knowledge of his business, and can produce recommendations from the Botanic Commit- tee of the Dublin Royal Society, (having been employed in their Botanic Garden for two years,) and from many gentlemen in the vicinity of Dublin, wishes to procure a situation in this country. Inquire at the New Eiigland Farmer office. 3l Milkt Seed. For sale at the Seed Slore connecled wilh the New England Fanner, No. 52 North Markel street. 50 bushels of Millet Seed, — clean, and of superior quality. Also, a very extensive variety of Ornamenlal Flow-er Seeds, in papers of 6 els each, or 100 varieties, one paper each, for go .00. J R(JMAN— This elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bay, with black legs, inane, and tail, of high spirit and good tem- per, will stand at Ihe farm of Mr Stephen Williams, in North- hnrough, Ms, at S^O the season, to be paid before the mares are taken'away.— See New England Farmer, May 15. Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses, will stand for the season at their slable in Brighton. Barefoot al ^25, and Cleveland at glO, with g\ lor the groom. a24 Heifers, Calves, Sheep, 8,-c. For sale, two full Mood Alderney Heiiers, three years old this spring, with calf by a full blood bull of Ihe Short Horn breed; one Alderney Heiler calf, six months old, weaned, and turned to grass; Iwo full blood heif.ir calves of the Short Horn breed, two months old, now at grass feed; four of Ihe Long Wool Ewes, imported from the Netherlands; a buck lamb from one oftheewes, and a Devonshire Buck, a very fine animal, and four full blood .Sa.xony Bucks. For terms apply at this office. June 17, 1829. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FROM TO APPLES, best. barrel. ASHES, pot, first sort, - Pearl, first sort, - . - ton. 125 00 130 00 " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, white. bushel. 90 I 00 BEEF, mess, barrel. 10 50 11 CO Cargo, No. 1, " 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. 8 00 8 50 pound. 14 16 CHEESE, new milk. *' 7 9 Skimmed milk. '^ 2 S FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 50 5 fi2 Genesee, - - - " 5 50 5 75 Rye, best, - . - - " 3 25 3 C2 GRAIN, Corn, - - . . bushel 56 58 Rvc, " C5 70 Barley, - " 67 Oats, .... " 33 40 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. pound. 9 LliME. cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, clear, . . . barrel. 17 60 18 00 Navy, mess, 13 00 13 SO Cargo, No. 1, " 13 00 13 60 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, . bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, ... " J 00 Rye Grass, . - - ^' 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - " 2 60 Red Top .... " f.2 1 00 Lucerne, .... pound. oS 50 While Honeysuckle Clover, " 3:3 50 Red Clover, (northern) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, . " 1 60 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . 't v2 45 Merino, full blood, unwashed. ti ii; Merino, liiree Jburths washed. " 20 32 Merino, half blood, ti 23 27 Merino, quarter washed, " 22 24 Native, washed, - f 20 23 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - " 35 37 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. " 22 25 Pulled, " spinnmg. first sort, " 2/ 30 PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERV WEEK BY Mti. Hj^VWARD, (Clerk of Faneuil-hail Markd.) REEF, best pieces, . PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, .... MUTTON, .... POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pouud. in « 5 " 6 ti 4 it 10 It )0 n 14 dozen. 11 bushel. barrel. 2 00 13 1 00 16 NEW ENGLAND F\R3IER. M I s en L L A :v I jb: s. BIRD SHOOTING. BY 'f. G. rESSE.NDEN. The plumy warblcre of ihe prove From spray to blossom roving, Chant choral lyniphonics, above The tjuavors oriiethoven. These ere the I'armer't little frieiids, And (ovi to his anaoyers; The pcily means to poivnl ends, As U'urm and bug destroyers. Bui od these prettiest of all The works of their Creator, Are prematurely doomed lo fall ISy Alan, the Ucsolator ! Through tangled thickets Popgun steals To ihcir extermination j Ah ! should he feel each death he deals, T were just retaliation '. iieader, it secmelh unto me, If you 'II excuse a pun. Sir, No bluttderbitss should ever be Allow'd 10 use a gun, Sir. Lying — We liclieve thai the slight regard in wliich strict triitli is liclil among mankind, is prin- cipally owing lo tho lies which are told to chil- dren by their parents during ihc lirst years if their lives. Then is the time that permanent im- pressions may he as well made as at any later pe- riod. It is then, i)robahly, that what is called the natural propensity of a child is unfolded. Many j)ersons who have a great abhorrence to lying, and whip their children if they detect them in it, yet make no scruple of telling and acting to them the most atrocious falsehoods. There are few parents who do not do this, in a greater or less de- gree, though doubtless without dreaming that they are guilty of criminal deception. With many, the w hole business of managing their children is a jnece of mere artihee and trick. They arc cheat- ed in their amusements, cheated in their food, cheated in their dress. Lies are told them to in- duco them to do any thing that is disagreeable. If a child is to take physic, the mother tells him she has something good for him to drink ; if reluc- tant, she says she will send for the doctor to cut ofThis ears, or pull his teeth, or that she will go away and leave him, and a thousand things of the .same kind, each of which may deceive once, and answer the present purpose, hut will invariably fail afterwards. I'arcnts are too apt to endeavor to pacify their children by iiiaking promises th y never intend to perform. If they wish, i;>r irr- stanr-c, to take away somir eatable which they fear will be injurious, they reconcile them by the prom- iso of a ride or a walk, or something else which will please them, but without any intention of gratifying them. This is lying, downright lying, reopli- ibiiik noiliing of breaking their proiiiises t°) rhildr.n, if the performance be not perfectly eoii- venicnt. Hut thuy are the last jiersons to whom promises should be broken, because they caimol comprehend the reason, if iheri! be one, why they are broken. .Surh promises should he scriipidous- ly rcdeeinnl, though at a great inconvenience, nn.l even when inadvcrlently made. For the child's moral liabit is of infinitely more conse- 'jnenre than any siieh ineonvemenco can possibly !«'' to tin; jiarent — Literary Gazelle. Jnlv 31, 1829. Juilirinl Ijif^nily. — The fdlowiiig conversatluii is S'iid to tiave passed between a venerable old laily, and a certain presiding Jitdge, of this Stale. The Judge was supported on the right and on the left by his bumble associates, and the old lady was called to give evidence. Presiilinl Judge — Take off your bonnet, madam. Laili/ — I would rather not, sir. P- J. — I desire you to put off your bonnet. L. — I am iiiformcil, that in public assemblies, the women should cover the head ; such is the custom — and of course I will not take off my bonnet. /'• J- — ^Vhy, you arc a pretty woman ! Indeed ! I think you had better come and take a seat on the bench. L — I thank you kindly, sir — but I really think there are old women enough there already. At an examination of the senior class, in a Col- lege, a young man construed the following line in Horace, " Exegi monumentuin a;re perennius," (which is in English, "I bave finished a monu- ment more lasting than brass) thus : " / have eaten a momunenl harder Ihan brass." One of the Trus- tees immediately replied, " Well, sir, I think you had better sit down and digest it." An interesting work has lately been published in London, called "The Journal of a Naturalist." It is written in a very beautiful style, calculated to iileasc as well as instruct the reader. The fol- lowing short jiassage will serve as a specimen of the author's style and manner. ■ '' Flowers in all ages, have been made the rep- resentatives of innocence and purity. We deco- rate the bride, and strew her path with flowers i ne present the undcfiled blossoms as a similitude of her beauty and unlaiiitcd mind; trusting that her destiny through life will be like theirs, grate- ful and pleasing to all. We scatter them over the coffin, the bier, and tbfc earth, when we consign our mortal blossoms to the dust, as emblems o transient joy, fading pleasures, withered hopes ; yet rest in sure and certain trust, that each in due season will be renewed again. All the writers of antiquity make mention of their u.ses and applica- tion in heathen and pagan ceremonies, whether of the temple, the banquet, or the tomb — the rites, the pleasures, or the sorrows, of man." Begging reduced lo a. si/slem The fiillowing facts have been ascertained in London : That beggars make great profits by changing their clothes two or three limes a day, and receiv- ing money which was intended for others ; that a blind man with a dog has collected thirl;/ shillings a (lay ; and others from three shillings to seven, eight, and even more, per day. Tliere are two houses in St Giles's, which are frequented by more than two biuidred beggars ! There they have their clubs ; and when they meet lliCy drink and leed well, read the papers, and talk politics. Nobody dares intrude except be is a beggar, or inlroduced by one ; the singularity of the specta- cle would otherwise draw numbers around them, which would hurt the trade. Their average daily collections amount to from three to five shillings |icr day ; two shillings and sixpence of which it is supposed they each spend at night, besides six- pence for a bed. A negro beggar retired some time ago to the West Indies, with a fortune of 1,500 pounds. Beggars say ihcy go through forty streets a day, ami that it is a poor street ihatd( not yield two jitnce ; and that it is a bad d which does not yield eight shillings, and more, Beggars make great use of children in praeiigi upon ihe feelings of the humane. Children i sent out with orders not to return without a c< tain sum. One man will collect three, four, five from different parents, paying each tix|>ee or nincpcnce a day. Some children have be regularly let out for two and sixpence daily : shockingly deformed child is worth more thun fc shillings a day. An old woman in London k> p night school for the purpose of instructing cl dren in the street language. — Picture of London Imposters — A foreigner, who pretends that has been robbed by pirates, has been solieii charity in Worcester county. He is an impost Almost all of those who are begging abrn country are vile cheats, imposing on the ere. lid of the public. Their stories are feigned, and th papers forged. Catholic Mummery. — We perceive by the f 'linrl ton papers, that on the 4ili of July the "novel a sublime" ceremony oi iltssing a military slanJa was perfoiined in the llomaii Catholic Calhed in that city, by the Bishop in full pontifical tics, &:e. aro well enough without being blessed the priests.— .V. 1'. Jour, of Com. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONTS POWDliR. qn.ilitv wnrranled, for Cap.-lawrs Ammiinilii.n i!f,;,\ Ijliroad si, at rtUill. SlIO r, CAI'S, Jtc. nl iI:p I.,sI ,/ifj/ilii — ilicnp lor cash. English Scythes. James Cam's double prime grass scvlhes, wide an;l.uid and ll.i- slates, to be the best treatise on Fruit Trees, V.U' i. Grape Vines, &c., to be found in lliis counti)— jri. 91.25. The Vine Dresser's Theoretical and Practical .M.inui on the Culture of the Vino ; and M.ikiiii; Wine, lir.md and Vinegar. Ity Tliicbaiii de Bern. ,uid. The Voimg Cirdencr's Assislanl.conlainln!; Dircrtioi for Ihe cultivation of Culinary Vomttibles, and Orni al Flowers. By T. «rid,;oiiiaD, gardener. New \ 01k- prico 37 1-2 els. A practical Trcalise on the Managomcnl of Bo.^ . »., Ihe Maiiagciiient of Apiaries, with llio best ii.clliod nl dc » troying and prcvciiling the depredations of the Hoc .Moll I By James Thaclier, M. I). — price 75 els. a . pnynl l'«blishciv«l bv J II. Id at the Agricultural \>'Dreliouse No. hi Norih lUarkri IK. I lit b< v arlieshope, .Veto Jersey. ) [Reply.] Charlieshope, July 22, 1829. i.H. A. S.DEARBORN, Dear Sir — Your letter, dated 4th of July, nev- reached me until yesterday. I am very much tered by what you say of my article on bees, I by your request to have a model of my hive. m glad that I anticipated your wishes. I sent mall model, put up in a box, to the office of BERT Sedgewick, Esq., Pine street, New York. was directed to Gorham Parsons, Esq. I )te to this gentleman begging him to present hive to your Society. It is more than a month e the box was sent. 1 shall inquire about it. 1 will perceive, on opening the bo.x, that there frame for the hive too. In this frame the rests when moved to the swarming place, the hive may always remain in it if it suit owner as well ; but I place my hives on joists, ed sufficiently high from the ground to allow to look under the hive. In hiving with viy ! there will be a little difficulty at first, to those have not examined it. You will observe that top of the hive \s screwed on. When liie swarm I tlie hive, which is put iu after the usual man- the hive must be set gently in the frame, and top slid on slowly, that the bees which cluster on tlie imI^cs may be pushed out of the way^,with-; out being hurt. As soon as the top orcover'ison, the scre'V^Sjfreshly oiled, can br put in again, tight. | If the beplj^se, and liglit again, they can be j shook from*xjl§ljirab a second and a third time. | A person with a blijnt Stick can then shove them into the little opcniii£ below. They will all enter wliere a few; lead the ^vay. The great art in hiv- ing bees is to dg everytijifg slowly and gently. — Almost everything depends on this. People are generally in a great fright 'thqmselves, and they conmnmicate their fears to the bees, who are thus irritated. Car^/tKiust be taken to mark the cover, otherwise the holes for the screws will not cor- respond when the screws are to be put iu again. You can always command answers to any q-ues- fions you choose. Perhaps you Kd better have ] art of tlie article on bees printed ;^iere are some minute directions there. I am on a very important topic *teow, that of identifying the insect which stings our fruit. I i!iade known, several years ago, in the American Farmer, that it was the Beetle, or Jlay Bug, ivhich deposited an egg in the fruit. I was scarcely heard with patience, and have neither re- ceived credit nor attention from any one. Since my first discovery I have been making every va- riety of experiment, and I have reduced the whole to clearness. I have, at this moment, the maggots of the beetle and the curculio in different pots, where I shall keep them until they go through the differ- ent changes. The curculio, which arose into the fl" state in June, and which deposited its egg and became a worm, has undergone the usual change, and is nearly ready to become a fly again — indeed two rose yesterday morning — thus propagating twice iu the season. The beetle worm even of last year, has not yet changed, those of this last month are still the same, they have gone down to the bottom of the pots. I have the maggots from the cherry, plum, apple, peach, apricot, all in sep- arate pots. I see no difference, the maggots are all from the same insect. I never saw a curculio on my trees until this summer. There is no doubt now but that there are two depredators — the beetle which stings at night for the purpose of depositing an egg, and the curculio, which stings the fruit during the day for nourishment. I enclosed a limb, having sev- eral unstung plums, in a box, or rather over a box of earth, which had been raised to meet the limb. I completely covered it with gauze, the whole measuring five feet in circumference. Within this gauze net I threw about twenty curculios. In a very short time they completely destroyed the plums, which fell to the ground, in the box. I covered the limb of an apricot in the same way, and threw in the same number of beetles, the fruit was not so soon stung, nor were there so many punctures. I understood the reason of this, which was that the breeding season was nearly over 'vith them. The, maggot, however, was in the iruit, whereas, I now recollect that I did not see any in the plums, only presuming that they had been in, by seeing the perforations, and that they had gone to the ground. I am now of opinion that the curculio does not deposit an egg in the fruit, but somewhere in the earth. I see a num- ber of httle oblong white eggs scattered through- out. I have some in a tumbler of earth, and shall soon tell what they are. I have no less than twelve pots and tumblers containing the larvae of insects. These insects have caused me so much loss, that it has become a matter of moment to learn their habits, and then invent some mode of destroying them. I have detailed all this to you because it is of the utmost importance to horticul- turists. I am astonished that the evil does not make a greater impression than it does. No one appears to view it as ai v drawback to success. — People seem but too wt 11 contented if out of a bushel of plums which the tree promised they are spared a few quarts. Of 400 plum trees, each promising a bushel, I am not in possession of a pint. AJl I have are from a few trees immediate- ly near the house, from which I hare caused the insects to be taken. I have lost all my cherries, and what few apricots the winter left, in the same way. The apples are all stung too. You never saw such complete destruction. There must be a remedy somewhere. Nothing but a large pre- mium— one of a thousand dollars — raised in small suras of a dollar from each horticulturist, will draw attention to the thing. I wish to know whether your fruits have been misch, or partially stung this summer. Yours very respectfully, MARY GRIFFITH. Remarks by the Editor of the JV. E. Farmer.— The following remarks on this destructive insect, copied from F ^senden's JVeJO American Gardener, page 175, may, perhaps give some hints, which may tend to the eventual extirpation of this dep- redator. " Curculio. — This is a small bug, or beetle, which perforates the young fruit of the pear, ap- ple, and all stone fruits, and deposits its eggs in them. The eggs soon hatch, and a small maggot is produced, which feeds either on the pulp of the fruit, or on the kernel of the seed ; for the tastes and habits of the different species are not similar. In the stone fruits, this injury destroys their growth, and they fall with their little enemy with- in them. The insect retreats into the earth, and passes the winter in the chrysalis state, and comes forth just as the young fruit is forming, or the petals of the flowers are falling, to renew its mis- chievous labors. This insect continues its depre- dations from the first of May until autumn. Dr James Tilton, of Wilmington, Delaware, in an ar- ticle on this subject, published in the American editions of Willich's Domestic Encylopedia, observes that " Our fruits, collectively estimated, must thereby be depreciated more than half their value ;" and adds, in his directions for destroying the insect, » All the domestic animals, if well di- rected, contribute to this purpose. Hogs, in a special manner, are qualified for the work of ex- termination. In large orchards, care should be taken that the stock of hogs is suflScient to eat up all the early fruit which falls from May till Au- gust. This precaution will be more especially necessary in largo peach orchards ; for, otherwise, when the hogs become cloyed with the pulp of the peach, they will let it fall out of their mouths, 18 NEW ENGLAND FARiMER, Aug, 7, 16-29. and content tbemiiclvcs %vitli ibe kerntl, which they like bettor ; und thus the curculio, esca|>ing from their jawB, may bide under ground till next spring." " The ordinary fowls of a farm yard arc preat devourers of beetles. Poultry, in general, are re- garded ns carnivorous in the summer, and there- fore cooped some time before they are eaten. — Every body knows with what avidity ducks seize on the tumble-bug, (Srarabcuis carnijfx,) and it is probable the curculio is regarded, by all fowls as on equally " Late Occurrences. — Charleston, 20th Decem- ber, 1788 — Yesterday, was brought to this city, from Wilkes County, State of Georgia, a large hogshead of Cotton in seed, which was rolled all the way through thick and thin, in the same man- ner as tobacco is usually rolled to this market. — The man who brought it here, says, there is a great quantity of that valuable article in his neigh- borhood, which will soon bo sent here." The Petersburgh, Va. Times, states that a new cotton factory has just gone into operation thera, making the third e.stablishment in that town. 20 NEW ENGLAND FAllxMER, Aug. r, 1629. Kztractt from a pamphUt containing Procetdingt of tkt £sscx .IgricuUural iiocUtif. (Continued from page 12.^ II. ON PLOLGHIXG— SINGLE TF,.\.^rs. Tlie Commiiico on I'luugliiiig with Single Teams, Hiibiiiit llic fulluwiiig Kki-ort : — Tlint the iiuiiihcr of cuiiipclitora were five ; — tlio imrcol of land jilougliuil by l-ocIi, one quarter of uii acre ; — and that the lots were drawn u^ fol- lows : — No. 1. Abraham Dow, of West Newbury. No. 2. Jesse I'utnain, of Danvers. No. 3. Ahiva Putnam, of Danvcrs. No. -1. I'crlcy Tapley, of Danvcr.'i. No. 5. I'oltle KicharJson, of Newbury. The committee were liiglily pleased with the work done by three uf the team.s, and witli the construction of the ploughs used by tlicm. Witl regard to the other two ploughs, they were of bad construction, and such aa bhould not have been brought into the field. They would recommend that the premiums be awarded as follows, x'lz : To Perley Taplcy, 1st premium, 12 dollars. To Jesse Putnam, and Aliiva Putnam, 2d and 3d premiums, divided c(|iialiy, id dollars. To Abraham Uow, -Ith premium, 3 dollars. No. 1 was ploughed in 92 minutes, with 60 fuftows. No. 2 was ploughed in 70 minutes, with 57 furrows. No. 3 was jiloughcd in 60 minutes, with 06 furrows. No. 4 was ploughed in 06 minutes, with 62 furrows. No. 5 imperfectly done. Per order, SOLOMON LOW, Chairman. West .Vewbury, Sept. 25, 1828. ON PLOUGHING— DOUBLE TEAMS. The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams, submit the following Keport, viz : That the number of competitors were nine ; — the quantity of land allotted to each was one quarter of an acre, — the soil was hard and tough .swarded ; — the parcels were drawn and the work performed by each as follows : — No. 1. Jesse Putnam, of Danvers — Jonathan Perry, ploughman — Ezra Hachelder, driver — work done in 80 minutes, with 35 furrows. No. 2. Thomas Chase, of West Newbury — im- perfectly done. No. 3. benjamin Savary, of West Newbury — Ira Worcester, )iloughman — Henjamin Savary, driver — work done in 73 minutes, with 33 fur- rows. No. 4. Moses Coleman, of Newbury — llezeki- ah Stevens, ploughman — Samuel Edjierly, driver — work done in 69 miimtes, with 32 furrows. No. 6, William J. Grieve, of West Newbury — liimself ploughman — Moses Corliss, driver — work done in 95 iniiuiles, with -12 furrows. No. 0. Ifichnril Jacques, of Newbury — himself ploughman — Ki<-hard S. Jacques, driver work done i/i 81 minutes, with 33 furrows. No. 7. Abel Chase, of West Ni^whury — Thom- n.1 Chadwirk, ploughman — Abel Chasi', driver work done in 77 ininuteH, with 3 1 furrows. No. H. Daniel Moulton, of West Newbury himself ploughman — Silas Moulton, driver work done in 73 Miinutes, with 33 furrows. No. 9. Perley Taplcy, of Dauvcrs — Simoon Putnom, Jr., ploughman — Ptler Ku^.■■ell, driver — work done in 81 minutes, with 37 furrows. Vour Committee were highly pleased with the work, and think it was uncomiijonly well done. — It was done deliberately, and left the cattle gen- erally in a gooil rondition for a rontinuance of their labor — where all did so well it is not easy to gay which did the bpst ; — but your Committee after nmch deliberation have unanimously agreed to recommend that tlie premiums be awarded as follows, viz : To Perley Tapley, of Danvers, 1st premium, 16 dollars. To Jesse Putnam, of do, 2d premium, 12 dollars. To .\bcl Chase,of West Newbury, 3d premium, S dollars. To Daniel Moulton, do do, 4th premium, 4 dollars. In the same field with the double team?, was a pair of horses owned by Mr William J. Grieve, of VV'est Newbury, that worked with no other driver than the ploughman, and finished their work with great neatness and despatch. The Committee were higlily gratified with their performance ; and as no premium was oflercd for iiloughing done by horses, they would reeommcnd that a gratuity of three dollars be given for this team. Per order, DAVID GliW, Chairman. West jVewburi), Sept. 25, 1828. PLOUGHS AND WORKING OXEN. The Committee on Ploughing, both with single and double teams, have jointly considered the pre- miums oflercd for the best constructed plough — and the best trained pair of oxen — and would re- commend that the premium for the best made plough, be awarded to Col. Jesse Putnam, of Dan- vers, 5 dollars ; and that the premium for the best trained yoke of working o.\en, be awarded to Dan- iel Putnam, Esq. of Danvers, 5 dollars. Ilcspectfullv submitted, Per order, SOLOMON LOW, Chairman. ff'est J\'ewbunj, Sept. 25, 1828. III. ON LIVE STOCK. The Committee appointed to examine nnd re- l)oit upon the animals exhibited at the Cattle Show this day, beg leave to Retort : — That the quality of bulls exhibited were inferior to those of former years ; — your Committee have thought neither of them entitled to the first pre- tiiium. They have, however, awarded to Samuel At- wood, of West Newbury, the second premium of ten dollars for his bull, 19 months old. Also, the third premium of five dollars, to J. W. Carictou, of Methuen, for liia bull 18 mouths old. The rows exhibited were considered by your Committee very fair ; and after consideration, they have awarded the first premium, of 15 dollars, to Thomas Pi'rloy, Jr, of Boxford. There wns also txhibited by said Perley, n ii-i(ir calf from the same cow of very superior piality. The second premium, of ten dollars, to Moses Coleman, of Newbury, for his Fill Pail cow, seven years old. The third premium, of five dollars, to Henry Movctt, of Newburyport, for bis cow, seven years old. lU.V" ilfen There were two heifers in milk, presented, t years old last spring. Your Committee have awarded the first premfc um, of ten dollars, to Ebenezer Mosely, of Ne* buryport, for liia heifer, cousidereU very desen iug. The second premium, of five dollars, to Benja min Merrill, of West Newbury. There were two pair of three years old steer exhibited. They have awarded the first premium, of t« dollars, to Moses Newell, of West Newbury, The second premium, of five dollars, to Samut Hood, of Topsfield. There was u bull calf exhibited by Moses Col* f|^ man, of Newbury ; one-fourth .Vdiniral — consid ered by your Committee a very promising aa maj. Also, two heifer calves, by Daniel Bumban of Newburyport, very neat and fine looking an. mats. Also, a two year old heifer, presented by Moee Wildes, of Topsfield — large and handsome, j gratuity is recommended for said heifer, of fiv dollars. Also, a heifer, 15 months old, by Mosea New "' ell, of the Alderney breed ; the merits of thi breed considered by the Committee worthy o being tested — a gratuity is recommended for iiei of three dollars. There was a sow and litter of pigs, twelve ii number, presented by Niles Tilden, of Methuen the pigs, three months old, equal to any exhibitet in former years. There being no premium offered for swine thi: year, considering the extraordinary quality o these, your Committee recommend a gratuity o five dollars. All of which is respectfully submitted, JOHN ADAMS, Chairman of the Committee Siplember 25, 1828. IV. ON RAISING POTATOES FROM THE SEED. The Committee on Potatoes raised from the Seed, respectfully Report : — No claimant having presented the number ofi "'^ sorts, required by the Trustees, no premium can be awarded. Daniel Burnhani, of Newburyport, and Daniel Putnam, of Danvers, have each exhibited samples of the second year's growth (five each.) And the opinion of the Committee (in consequence of the apparent good quality, and, for the season, large quantity of them — a statement of which is also herewith reported) is, that the above gentlemen are entitled to the following gratuities, viz : Daniel Burnham, 7 dullars. Daniel Putnam, 5 dollars. Mr Otis Little presented for exhibition, the i>o. tatoes, which were raised from a single potato, viz: from 107 plants wore raised 760 ]Kitatocs, *■ measuring four biuhcls, (large) and weighing 246 ^ 11)3, Ten were -selected, which, together, weighed 17 lbs. ; one weighed 2J lbs. The Committee ro- eotnmcnd that two dollars be awarded to Mr Little. A letter from Mr nurnlvm, stating his o[>ituon of the impropriety of so largo a nuniber of sorts, bring required to draw a pivmiu'ii — together with his method of raising from the seed, anil of select- ing them, when raised, fiir propagation ; nfTortliog, 11 the opiuion of your Couiuuttce, valuable iiifor- |s fe. Ill ll!n Ch: a. Vol VIII.— No. 3. AMD HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 21 tion. Tliey would suggest the propriety of ing tliat portion of it relating to tlie above pub- "lied with tliis Report. Per order, ASA T. NEWHALL, Chairman. West .Yewbury, Sept. 25, 1828. [To be continued.] From the American Fanner. BEET SUGAR. " Freiicli Chamber of Deputies, ) Silling 1 jlh May lSi9. ) The makers of sugar from beets, at Pont a uson, petitioned that the duties on foreign ars should remain, at least for some time, in or- that they might prepare for tlie alteration. W. Thouvare, desired to present some obser- ions upon the petition, the principles of which advocated ; the making of sugar from beets is hly useful to the country. If we continue to ^ ,'ance in its manufacture, as we have done for ae time past, we shall augment the productive alth of France, to an amount that will approxi- te 80 millions of livres, or in round numbers lut $15,000,000. The manufacture of beet ar renders other services to agriculture ; but, t which is next important to the human mind, hat it occupies and sustains a numerous popu- on at a period of the year that there is a de- eucy of other labor. It also puts into circula- 1 many articles of great value. M. de Marmier said the cultivation of the beet f the highest agricultural importance. It pre- es the ground for wheat. It nourishes a large ulation. Protection and encouragement are ! to the manufacturers which sustain this pop- tion, and which has produced to us one of the 3t valuable articles of provisions." kfr Skinner, I translate the above from a French er, merely to show in what agricultural light subject of beet sugar is now viewed in France. IP B appUcation to the Chamber is likely to fail ; , as to the encouragement of domestic manu- ;ures, without legislative aid, there is no ques- . I flatter myself the hints may prove of some to the American Farmer. AMPHICON. Domestic Manufactures. — We have been pra- ted with two pair of cotton stockings, manufac- d by the JVewbitryport Hosiery Manufacturing ipany, from yarn spun by Mr Uriah Benedict, yentral Falls, in this State. The stockings are al to those imported, in appearance, and we uld judge vastly more durable. We are pleas- to see our enterprising manufacturers turning r attention to this useful branch of domestic ustry. L few days since we saw some cotton bagging, le within a few miles of this town, of refuse on, which surpassed that made of hemp. In ry short time we shall be able to furnish our ihern friends with bagging for their use, made a the raw material itself, at a very reduced Providence Journal. Aghtning. — A heavy thunder storm was expe- ced at Wilton, last Wednesday afternoon, dur- which the electric fluid struck the ground, r the residence of Mr David Bennett, and le, according to the statement of a correspon- t, teiTible havoc with the earth, stones, fences, trees, which came within its range — spUnter- ing rails, heaving the fence, removing from their beds stones and rocks of nearly a ton weight, and throwing dirt to the tops of the highest trees. — The persons in the houses of Mr David Bennett and Mrs Polly Bennett were stunned with the shock, and from the smell of sulphur and the ap- pearance of fire at the moment, it was thought that both houses had been struck — their narrow escape was indeed, as it is by the inmates consid- ered, a providential deliverance. A^orwalk, July 21. From the Boston Cenlinel. STRAW PAPER. Messrs Adams & Hudson — Having just re- ceived from a friend residing in Burlington, Ver- mont, a sample of paper made ofstraiv, I send it to your office for the inspection of those who take an interest in the improvement of the arts of our country. It will recommend itself. I shall only add that my correspondent informs ine that there is a considerable manufactory of this useful article established in Burlington ; and that it can be af- forded at half the cost of the common paper made of rags. Respectfully yours, &c., Pearl Street, Jil!^^2S, 1829. B. R. GRAPES. The native grapes, (and particularly the Isabel- la grape) are very fine in the gardens around Brooklyn. We cannot speak so well of the for- eign grapes, although it is possible that time may be wanting to mature them, there being very few which are more than five or six years old. An extraordinary fine Isabella vine, in great bearing may be seen in Poplar street, between Hicks and Henry streets. It entirely covers the end of a two-story house, and is also brought in front, over the street, and under the second story windows. The fruit and vines overshadow the window, and give a fine evidence of what may be, and is done by good cultivation. — Brooklyn, JV*. F. paper. FIGS. We have seen some fine figs, perfectly ripe, which were raised in a garden in this village. — They were very soft and exceedingly sweet, and even sickish and unpalatable. It is said they can be raised in abundance in this climate ; and, if so, we should be glad to hear of the fact from some of our horticultural readers. — Ibid. To Husbandmen. — Our enterprising farmers should remember, that the committee o{ Middlesex Jlgricultural Society must be notified on or before the first Monday of September, if their Farms ar^ to be inspected for a premium. The premi- um offered for the best cultivated farm is $40 ; for the next best $25. Independent of the bene- fit which the owner always derives from good cul- tivation of his farm, we should think the chance, of obtaining these sums of money, would be a suf- ficient motive to induce every farmer to attempt winning the reward. — Yeoinan's Gazette. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. Amongst the most useful and nutritious sub- stitutes for wheat, and which has the advantage of correcting the unwholesome properties of bad flour, in rice. During the scarcity of wheat in July, 1795, one of the measures adopted in the Foundling Hospital, with a view of lessening the consumption of flour, was the substitution of rice puddings for that of flour ; which by the table of diet, were used for the children's dinner twice a week. The flour puddings, for each day, have taken about 1(J8 lbs. weight of flour ; the rice puddings sub- stitute, in their place, rerjuired only 21 lbs. of rice to make the same quantity of pudding; the result of the experiment being that, in a baked pudding made with milk one pound of rice would go very nearly as far as eight pounds of flour. Rice con- tains a great deal of nutriment in a small compass, and does not pass so quickly ofi^ the stomach, as some other substitutes for wheat flour do. It is a good ingredient in bread. Boii a quarter of a pound of rice till it is quite soft : then put it on the back part of a sieve to drain it ; and when it is cold mix it with three-quarters of a pound of flour, a tea cupful of yeast, a tea cupful of milk, and a small table spoonful of salt. Let it stand for three hours ; then knead it uj), and roll it in about a handful of flour, so as the outside be dry enough to put it into the oven. About an hour and a quarter will bake it, and it will produce one jiound fourteen ounces of very good white bread. It should not be eaten till it is two days old. — Companion to the British Mmanack. Cheap Glass. — We hear frequently of the win- dows in houses being broken by hail and rain, I consider that it is owing to the glass being too thin which is so often used ; when I formerly di- rected a man to set a square of glass, it was sel- dom I could have any but thin, 4)ut of late I have made a rule to always keep glass of the best — and of the thickest kind, and since I have adopted this plan, I do not have a quarter part of the glass broke which I formerly had. Let any man test the experiment once and he will find that a thick square will last three times as long as com- mon or thin glass. I consider it a heavy tax on the community to have so much ordinary glass used. — Boston Cenlinel. COCKROACHES. An alarm has been sounded in various newspa- pers in different parts of the country, summoning the liege citizens of New England to unite their efforts for the su[)pression of cockroaches. The locust plague of Egypt, it is supposed, would not be more terrible than the unchecked inroads of these creatures, which are saiil to be more numer- ous during the present season, than at any pre- vious point of time. We are happy to be able to announce ths discovery of a method of destroying these intruders, at once simple and effective. It is as follows : — Procure from the herb woman, or apothecary, a moderate quantity of that odorifer- ous vegetable called poke root : Boil it in water until the juices are extracted, and mingle the liquor \fith good West India molasses, or if the spirit of patriotism be extravagant, with molasses from New Orleans ; spread the liquid in large platters or soup plates, in the kitchen, pantry, closet, or watch house, or whatever apartment may have been the subject of invasion, and the enemy will be found slain in heaps, lying by hun- dreds, and fifties, before the following morning. — A gentleman, to whom we are indebted for this information, states that he slaughtered 575 cock- roaches in a single night, by means of the poke root and inolasses, and that the root which had been boiled being thrown into a closet, thickly invested by the enemy, the place was quitted en- tirely in a few days, great numbers being left dead upon the field. — Boston Gazette. 22 NKW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 7, 1829. Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road — Tlic Ualtitiiore American informs lliat tlic directors nru devoting tbeir hp'-ciul ntli-niiun to llic completion of the sectionB of the road now under contract, which will become productive us noon as completed. It is anticipated that the first sections of the road will be completed licforc the instalment now culled in becomes j)ayuble, viz. ibo first of November next. A gentlemnn of science has been deputed from one of the Western Slates to vi.sit the Kastem Stutes to maks himself funiiliur with the most ap- proved systems of instruction in our free schools, in order that those in the new Slates who are in- terested in the great cause of education may avail themselves of llie advancement made in this sec- tion of the countrv. — I^ncasler Oaz. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1829. AUG I ST. OMISSION. (The following remarks on the Culture of the Strawberry, were intended to compose the concluding pan of the excellent article on that subject, written by Gen. Dkarborn, and published in our last pai)er. They should have been inserted immediately after the last paragraph but one, page 10, column 3, but were omitted by mistake. We regret the omission very much, as it mutilates an essay calculated to be of great use to the horticulturist.] The second season, soon after all the strawber- ries have been gathered, the runners between the rows, for ul least a foot in width, should be cut up, and the space covered with manure, dug over and raked level ; but if plants are required for new beds, this labor may be post])oncd until Sep- tember or October. The runners may be spaded in with the manure ; but it is better to hoe tlicni up, and trim the edges of the rows of the remain- iug i)lants, thoroughly, before the manure is spread, which may remain on the surface until spring, or be then applied and dug in. Strawberry beds yield the greatest crop the second season, after the runners have been set out, and their vigor and jiroductivcness cannot be relied upon for more than from three to five yours ; new beds, therefore, sliouhl be prepared every second or third year, to insure an ubuudunt annual supply of superior fruit. When the new bed is in full bearing, the old one should be ploughed up, or dug anew, and planted with veg- etables, which rer|uire to be well tilled until it is nccessury to replant it with ruiuiers to succeed the second bed, which is to he, in liu'n, destroyed, and prepared by cultivation, for receiving the plants for the fourth succeeding bed. To cultivate strawberries with success, the ground must he devoid of trees, bountifully ma- nurej. HORTICULTURAL. The show of flowers, and fruits, at the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on Sat- urday, August 1, exceeded that of any preceding week. Among those most worthy of notice were the following: From the garden of Gen. Dearborn, fine ripe Apricots — and a variety of the Frejich cherry, called the litllt et .Ma^iiifique, which from its size and beauty, and ripening late, is worthy of culti- vation ; — also the Hibiscus Palustris, a perennial and indigenous i)lant, obtained from Nawshawn Island, it is a beautiful plant, is found in the low grounds of Dcdbain, and many other parts of the country. From the garden of Joh.n Puince, Esq. speci- mens of Lngcrstnrmia indica, Jlgapanthus umhella- Itts, Vittca rosea alba, Gardenia Jhrida, Cterodcn- dron fragrans, Bignonia radicans, and several fine Dahlias. From Wi> surf's Nursery Phlor acuminata, Ceu- taurca nmcricana, a very early Pear, (true name unknown) und specimens of the Early Harvest Apple — scions of which have been very generally dis:ributcd through the liberality of Gorhabi Par- son;, Esq. From Capt. D. Chandler, of Lexington, Sir John Sinclair's New Beet, (see page 19 of this day's Farmer) and Knight's Tall Marrow Peas. From the Cliarlestown Vineynrd, by Mr Ha- 0KR9T0.V, a specimen of the Snake Cucumlier,_/(iT feet four inches long! — also, very beautiful spcci- mens of the Schizanthus pinnata, .'Ijeraluvi merica- na, t\ischia gracilis, (lallinsogea tribolata. Calen- dula pluvialis, Coreopsis laneeolatn, Robinia hispi- da, Pyrtthrum indinim, several varleiies of l)tl phinium and Campanula, Alcotiana odorata, Verbas- cum nigrum, Ltdum nwnstrosuni, two varieties of [Anaria, Lantara cummara, Viola grandijl(ira,lliiris odorata, Ijobvlia cardinalis, and very fine seedling Carnalioni, Dahlias, and late Roses. (ly* Members of tlio Society arc informed that CULTURE OF SILK. We have received a handsome 8vo volume 112 pages, entitled "Practical Instructions Silk Worm Nurseries, and for the Culture of Mulberry Tree. Dedicated to the American stitute of New York. By Felix Pascalis, M. Honorary Member of the Linna:an Society Paris; of the Horticultural Society of New Yo and of the American Institute, etc." The plan of this work will be best explained the following (juotatiou from remarks ajipendei the first number. '• A superficial glance at the pages of the i Culturist will show the reader that in many i distant parts of the United Stales considerable vances in the art of raising silk have already b^ made ; and although often perhaps without operation or mutual interchange of informal often, too, carried on with very different gra of instruction and success, yet always with intt gence and industry. To elicit, therefore, and | pagate all the desirable improvements ^\hich pericnce may suegest to some few, before the is attained by others, nothing seems wanting a channel of communication, a circulating rcpe ry of knowledge and practical matter among culturists themselves, who would be benefited an exchange of their observations, and by com) ing the stateincnls of their operations and i cessful results, &e. This is not all. The vi and use of silk as a staple or produce of country, or as a commercial article of manu ture, cannot be well ascertained, save when tl T^^ is a |)roi)cr and certain scale whereby to judgi quantity and quality ; then it becomes a lang ca()ital, readily disposable by those who po-si> and are acquainled with the call and demand it, and where or how to barter for it. " In these views we entertain much hope of couragement from .American Silk Cultur whose subscription is respectfully solicited, to forwarded (po.st paid) to the publisher, W. B. ley, 9 1 Broadway, or to the Editor 71 Lil street, New York. Communications for the also will be thankfully received, and advcrl ments ijiserled. " The Second Quarterly No. of the Silk Ciil ist will be issued wilh the second volume of Practical Instructions, in October, 1S29, price cents to the subscribers to the latter. The le of subscription for a continued series will bo poriiunale to its future extent and demanil." We hope this publication will succccil, cannot better express our views of its uiility I by utiaching lo this notice the following quota from Jidinson's Kombler. " Boyle has observed, that the cxcellcnc manufactures, and the facility of labor would much promotcil if the various expedients and < trivuncos which lay concealed in private ha wore by reciprocal conmiunicalions made gent U^ roi Nil Itv kv, ^ Vol.VIII.— No.3. ciiown ; for there are few operations that are performed by one or other with some pecuhar mtages, which though singly of little impor e, would, hy conjunction and concurrence, 1 new inlets to knowledge, and give new ers to dihgence." AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 23 SEASON NF.AR ALBANY. act of a leller from Judge Buel, of Albany, lo a genllc- ,n ia Ihis vicinily.] Tlie past winter has been dreadful to our ries, iilums, and pears. We probably lost five isand trees in our nursery alone. The peach plum blossomed poorly, and the fruit, as well lat of the cherry and pear, have been almost lly destroyed by the insects and frost. Our les look well, though not forward, and there 3t no appearance of mildew, though the vine- er has attacked them for the first time. We had great success in propagating the fine ' s. The Beurre Capiaumont pear is in bearing, all send you a tree of the Dutchess of Olden- h Apple, this fall, that the scions may be dis- ited among our Boston friends. This apple is bearing among us, and is esteemed as an un- monly fine summer fruit. Both the above i are from our nursery. I am extremely gratified to sec the progress is making in the Massachusetts Horticultural ety ; and particularly the appointment of the intelligent committee to correspond, and set- nomenclature of our esteemed fruits. I uise every thing in my power to render their rs useful." lNNERS exempt from CONSUMP- TION. Your tanner will last for nine years,' exclaims grave digger, in Hamlet, and if we are to jjut : in the following theory reported in the Lan- I j lis occupation is as favorable to the body of tanner before as after death. At a meeting le Westminster Medical Society, held on the 1 ult. Dr Dodd read a paper on the exemption inners from phthisis pulmonalis, and the effica- f the aroma of oak bark in the cure of that plaint. The following circumstance had first »n his attention to the subject : he had a pa- :, a weaver, twenty-five years of age, who was iring under all the symptoms of phthisis pul- alis ; symptoms which were so marked that inly thought of mitigating them, not curing jomplaint. He treated him accordingly. But le end of three weeks the man suddenly quit- liis residence, and went he knew not where, jlve months after he met with him again, and found he had become a tanner, because as man said, " tanners were never afflicted with onsumption." To the truth of this, the man's iarance bore considerable testimony : for in- 1 of being a consumptive patient, he was then ong, stout, healthy mati. Seeds for (he West Indies. j Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading to the West Indies, can be furnished with boxes of Seeds, assorted, suitable (or that mnrket, at from gi to gd per box. Each of the JS5 boxes contains upwards of sixty different kinds of seeds, v table and ornamental, in quantities suitable for a comr Gardener toanls a Situation. A gardener, who has a com|)letc knowledge of his business, and can produce recommendations Irom the Botanic Commit- tee of the Dublin Royal Society, (having been employed m th^ir Botanic Garden for two years,) and from many gentlemen the vicinity of Dublin, wislies to procure a situation in tins 3l kitchen garden. The gi boxes contain twenty-five different country. Inquire at the New Lngland t armer omce. arieties of vegetable seeds, with the English and French names attached. Also, 200 pounds of English white fiat turnip seed, r- i j growth of 1829. With the greatest variety of seed to be found For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England in New England, wholesale and retail, warranted pure and Farmer, No. 52 North Market street. fresh.— For sale by J. B. RUSSELL, at the Agricultural | 50 bushels of Millet Seed,— clea_n,j»id of superior quahty.^ Warehouse, No. 6'ii North Market Street, Boston. eptf . -^ . 1 •^i Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Lectures in Harvard University will begin in the Massachusetts Medical College, Mason street, Boston, the third WEDNESD.4Y in October next, ihe21st, at nine o'clock, A.M. Anatomy and Surgery, Br Warren. Cliemislry, Dr Webster. Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence, Dr Channing. Materia Medica, Dr Bigelow. Theory and Practice of Physic, Dr Jackson. Students attending the Medical Lectures are admitted with- out fee, to the Surgical operations, and clinical practice of the Massacriusetls General Hospital during the courses. Aug. 3. eptmeeling W. CHANNING, Dean. Tijpe and Printing Materials For Sale. The following founts of Type are offered for sale at about half their original cost. IGO lbs. Pica, bought of Boston Type and Stereotype Found- ry, 1826; 400 lbs. of Pica, do. do. 1827-8; 1200 lbs. Small Pica, do. do, 1827-8; 100 lbs. Small Pica, do. do. 1828 ; 800 lbs. Long Primer, do. do. 1827-8 ; 300 lbs. Bourgeois, do. do. 1828 ; 400 lbs. Brevier, do, do. 1827-8 ; 48 lbs. Canon ; 4.5 lbs. Double Pica; 17 lbs Double Paragon, and several other founts of Job Letter. The above founts can be divided if required. Also, 5 Case Stands; 30 Type Cases; 10 Composing Slicks; 8 Demi and Medium Chases; 2 Copper Galleys; 2 Medium Washington Presses, bought of Rust ck Turney, 1823; 1 Stand- ing Press ; 2 Banks; 100 lbs. Leads ; 30 reams §3,00 paper. Apply to John B. Russell, 52 North Market street, post paid. Jf'anted, At the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market street, a simple and cheap Machine for Bearing Apples, likewise a Ma- chine for Coreing Apples and Quinces. 2t JVotice. •sons ill the country who are disposed lo take boys from ty, either into their work shops, or upon their farms, may 1 them by applying to Daniell's Intelligence Office, in the ge way immediately in the rear of the Post Office. 3t Hyacinths. t received at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- Farmer, 52 North Market st, lollection of Hyacinth Roots, of mixed colors, in fine order insplanting, either into pots, or the garden, — price twelve halfcts single — one dollar per dozen. — They can be safely i for any pari of the union. If Greenwich Flower Garden. The subscriber has lately leceived his annual importations of Gaiden Seeds, Bulbous Flower Roots, &c, in excellent preservation, of the growth of 1S28, from the well known houses of Messrs Warner, Seaman & Warner, and Mr Chailewood, London, and Mr Van Eeden & Co., Harlaem, Holland, w ho have guaranteed them good and genuine, and no doubt will give the farmer, horlicnlturalist and florist, the same general satis- faction that former imporla lions have done. Also on hand, a choice coUecHon of greenhouse and hardy herbaceous plants, (many of which are very rare ;) rose bushes and other shrubs, in great variety, fruit trees, white mulberry, &c. Plants of artichoke, asparagus, sea kale, early frame potatoes, mushroom spawn, &c, with directions for cultivation. The Hyacinthus, Crocus, Nar- cissus, &.C, are in bloom, and will continue in succession a great part of the year. Catalogues may be had at the garden. Orders left at the garden, the post office, or with Mr Molyneaux, corner of Broadway and Ann street, will be strictly attended to. Gentlemen supplied with expe- rienced Gardeners. DANIEL KENNEY, Carmine and Varick streets, New York. 013- The nearest route to the Garden, Greenhouses, and Seed Store, is from Broadway, by St Thomas's Church, along Houston street, or along Canal and Varick streets. eopSw Alderney Bull For Sale. A full blood Alderney Bull, seven years old, well made, and sure; he is a very superior animal, independent of his blood, and his calves have proved good milkers, having ail the desira- ble dairy qualities. Price of the bull glOO. Inquire at the New England Farmer office^ 4t Turnip Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs fine White Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 1829 — also, several other approved varieties from Scotland, and London, among which the Early Dutch, Yellow Stone, and Yellow Malta, have proved of very superior quality for the table,— and the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) and the Large Norfolk Field Turnip for cattle. i»,3,, a very extensive variety of Ornamental Flowe n papers of 6 els each, or 100 varieties, one paper each, for ROMAN— This elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bay, with black legs, mane, and tail, of high spirit and good tein- per will stand at the farm of Mr Stephen Williams, in North- borouoh Ms, at ^20 the season, to be paid before the mares are laken°away.— See New England Farmer, May 15. Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses will stand r the season at their stable in Brighton. Barefoot at g25, and Cleveland at glO, with gl for tiie groom. a24 Heifers, Calves, Sheep, ifc. For sale, two full blood Alderney Heiters, three years old this ring, with calf by a full blood bull of the Short Horn breed; „„e Alderney Heil'er calf, six months old, weaned, and turned to grass; two full blood heifer calves of the Short Horn breed, two months old, now at grass feed ; four of the Long Wool Ewes, imported from the Netherlands ; a buck lamb from one of the ewes, and a Devonshire Buck, a very fine animal, and four full blood Saxony Bucks. For terms apply at this office. June 17, 1829. PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. FROM 1 TO APPLES, best, barrel. 1 ASHES, pot, first sort, - ton. 125 00 130 00 " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, white, bushel. 90, 1 00 BEEF, mess, aarrel. 10 50 11 00 Cargo, No. 1, " 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. pound. 8 00 14 8 50 16 9 CHEESE, new milk. " Skimmed milk, ^' FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 50 5 50 5 62 5 75 Rve, best, . . - - " 3 25 3 G2 GRAIN, Corn, . . . - bushel. 63 68 Rvc, 63 Barley, " 67 Oats, - . . . '' 42 45 HOG'S LAUD, first sort, new. pound. 9 LIME. cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, clear. barrel. 17 50 18 00 <* 13 00 13 50 Cargo, No. I, " 13 00 13 60 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - " 3 00 Rye Grass, " 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - '* 2 50 Red Top - - . - " 62 1 00 Lucerne, . - - - pound. 38 60 While Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 60 Red Clover, (northern) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, fuir blood, washed, - '' 1 60 " 32 45 Merino, full blood, unwashed, " Merino, three fourths washed. " 26 32 Merino, half blood. " 23 27 Merino, quarter washed. " 22 24 Native, washed, . - - t( 20 23 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - " 35 37 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. " 22 25 Pulled, " spinning, first son. " 27 30 PROTISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BY MR. HAYWARD, (Clerk of Faneuil-hall Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - . . PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - - - - MUTTON, .... POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according lo quality,] pound. 10 " 7 11 5 tt 5 a 4 It 10 It 10 li 14 dozen. 11 bushel. 'barrel. 2 00 121-2 10 12 16 15 18 13 1 00 70 60 260 24 NEW ENGLAND FAR3IER. Aug. 7, 1829. MISCELLA3VIES. NEW ENGLAND CHARACTER. A justice of ihc peace, for the lime Iwing, They bow to, but mny turn him out next year : They reverence their prie«t, but disagreeing In price or creed, dismiss him without fear : They have a uaiuml talent for foreseeing And knowing all things ; ^.hould Park appear From his long tour in Africa, to show The Miger's source, they 'd meet him with — " we know." They love their land, because it is their oiva. And scorn to give aughl other reasons why ; Would shake hands with a king upon his throne, And think it kindness to his majesty ; A stubborn race, fearing and flattering none. Such arc they nurtured, such tbey live and die. All— but a few apostates, who .ire meddling With merchandize, pounds, shillings, pence, and peddling. But these are but their outeasl5. View them near At home, where all their worth and pride is placed, And there, (heir hospitable fires burn clear, And there, the lowliest farm bouse hearth ia graced With many liaarls, in piety sincere, Faithful in love, in honor stern and chaste. In friendship warm and true, in danger brave, Beloved in life, and saiuled in the grave. And minds have there been nurtured, whose control Is felt even in their nation's destiny ; Men who sway'd senates with a statesman's soul, And look'don armies with a leader's eyej Names that adorn and dignify the scroll, Whose leaves contain their country's history, And tales of love and war — listen to one Of the Green Mountaineers — tlie Stark of Bennington. When on that Geld his band the Hessians fought, Briefly he spoke before the fight began — "Soldiers! those German gentlemen are bought For four pounds eight and seven pence per man. By England's King — a bargain, as is thought. Are we worth more ? Let 's prove it now wo can — For we must beat 'em, boys, ere set of sun. Or Molly SUrk't a tcidmo .' " — U was done. Cigar Smoking. — Two respectable ilresscd fe- males were seen leaving a bonnet maker's sliop in thia town, one evening last week, and each of ihem was jiufling away like the crater of a volca- no. This is too much for human endurance. — There has lately arisen amongst us a kind of cigar niajiia, with which men, women, and even chil- dren are afl'ected ; not from any pleasure, and still less from any benefit, real or imaginary, which smoking afibrds them, but they consider it as do- ing the gcntcd thing. Even on a Sunday J\Ir Tope's appicnticcs cannot stroll a hundred yards on the lluiiihcr liank, withotit a few inches of to- bacco'Htuck in thoir moiiilis ! Every urchin now, forsooth, iiiiist have his " .ilcam up," anil as tlie fairer sexuro, it seems, resolved to adopt the same plan, wo prophesy liot work during the ensuing winter. — Hull Pacini. that kept a bratidy shop; an honi-st drunken fi-1- nlioiit fifty cents per yard, that it can be manul low, who one night having taken two quarts, was, tiired of any si/c and pattern — that tlie colors found dead in his bed next morning. "Had he a l>c |icrnianent, and that it will last longer than wife?" "Yes." "What character does she bear .-' " " A very good one ; only the neighbors reflect on her because she married the next day after her husband was buried." This was enough for the Doctor, who under pretence of visiting his pari.'^liioners, called on her, he asked her several questions, and amongst others, what sickness her husband died of f?he gave him the same account he had before received, he suddenly opened the handkerchief, and cried in an authoritative voice, " Woman do you know this nail ? " — She was struck with horror at the unexpected demand, in- stantly owned the fact, was tried, and executed. — Curiosilies ofj^/ature and Art. Great Age. — In noticing a celebration of the 4tb ult. near Raleigh, (N. C.) the Register states that " Mr Arthur Wall, now in his 109lh year, was particularly invited ; he excused liimself on ac- count of being " husy with his crop," but said he would send one of liis boys, a lad of 82, with his toast. No toasts, however, were drank, for there were no into.xieating liquors on the grounil. — Long before the shades of evening, the gratified company, after a day of sober and rational enjoy- ment, departed for their homes, with improved na- tional and neighborhood feelings." — .\'at. Journal. The Rusty .Vai7. — When Dr Donne took posses- sion of his first living, bo took a walk into the cliiirch yard, where the sexton was digging a grav^ ; mid throwing up a skull, ihr,' Doctor took it up Mid found a rusty headless nail sticking in the leiiiple, which ho drew out secretly, and wrap- ped it in one corner of his handkcrchiof lli: then demanded of the grave digger whether he knew whose skull it was. He said it was a man's Gardens and Orchards Societies have been formed in Salem, Roxbury, Dorche.-itcr, Northamp- ton, and other places, to preserve garden.*, or- chards, and other fields from trespassers and ma- rauders, and have been attended with very useful effects. The owners of fruit trees, gardens, &c., must be protected in the enjoyment of thom or they will not go to the expense of supporting tlicm. Tliere is no defect in the law upon this subject. It provides severe penalties, to be re- covered by criminal process, against any person who shall trespass upon another's land to take any hay, grass, fruit, or vegetables. Hut the dif- ficulty in the way, and the one behind which of- fenders shelter themselves, is that few men have the moral courage to put the law in force. These offences are coiiiniittcd often by the sons of rich and influential men, or by such men themselves, and the one who suffers is often too humble in life to dare to jiut the law in force against them. The object of the societies formed upon this sub- ject, is to encourage and support each other in bringing such offenders to justice, and they have been attended with groat success in checking this evil. It is desirable that other towns should fi)l- low the example of these we have named in this particular, if they wish to encourage the produc- tion of choice, or oven the ordinary varieties of fruit. — Muss. Yeoman. Dr Lo Contc, of New York, is engaged with some of the Parisian savans, in preparing a scien- tific work on Caterpillars, in the study of which he has ]iassed thirty years of his life. We hove this morning been shown a .specimen of filling, which is prepared by a newly invented proccis, for cnrpetings, (hiorcloths, &:c. It is fine and siibstantiiil in its texture, handsomely figured iind colored, and wc should think woiilil prove a diirahle and economical substitute for the cxpen- .-livn carpets now in use. The person who show- ed it to us assures us that it con bo atlbnled lor best (|uality of Eiiglisli cariH-iing. Specinicni it may be seen at the United States Hotel, on plication at the bar. — Con. Mirror. We have received several numbers of a ne paper, says the Boston Evening Bulletin, publi ed in Tennessee, called the " Memphis .\dvoca and edited by .Messrs I'ho'biis &• C'arr — no do the same persons mentioned in the |irophccy Shakspcare — " And Plicelnu' Car Shall bhine from far." Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Brighton Nursery il'KX) plants of the 1" fie Sirawberrv, in fine order for transpLinting — at i'--'" 00—37 1-2 CIS per doz. Also, Wilmot's .Superb, Alpine K berry, Maull>ois, Downlon, ice. Orders (br the al)ovc ms ilirecied to J. B. KcssEi.i,, Seed Store, 5i North .Mirtr liosion, where the planu will be delivered, free of cbarg transixjrtaiion. 'J'he plants arc parked ia moss lor lraju>(i lion to any part of the union. Tulip Roots. For sale at the Seed Store connected with die New- Eng Farmer, 52 North Market street, A line collection of Dutch Tulip Roots, of bright red, yel w'liite. pink, and splendid variegaled colors, at ^1,(X) per d< — U 1-J els single. If JVotice. .Snbscribers to the New England Farmer are informed they can have their volumes neatly and faitbiully half b< and lettered, at 75 els per volume, by leaving them at olTice. AVic China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner IK Received, a great variety of the above ; which, wiib a c pleie assorinient of Crockery, China, and Glass Ware, ari fercd for sale, low, at No. 4 Dock Square. Powder at 2s per lb. nUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for sal C'^pHand's Ammunition Siore, 65Hroad st, at rttaii. A SHOT, CAPS, kf. o( tl:e t>et( quality— cheap for cash. English Stythes. James Cain's double prime grass scythes, wide and nan a superior article, for sale at the Hardware Store of S. F Sr..\DE.\. No. 80 State Street. 8t Jun.r.i Buckwheat, Sfc. For sale at the Seed .Store conm-cted with the New I land Farmer. No. S2 North Market .Street. A few bushels of Buckw heat, growih of 1028. Also, a thor supply of Fowl .Meailow Grass Seed, of superior qualit Tall Meadow Oat Grass Seed. This dav received at the New England Farmer Sred Si 52 North Market street. 20 bushels of Tall Meadow Oat G ' Seed, at i'-.JO per bu.shcl. Also, White Mulberry Seed, 50 cts per ounce, Luccr or Freoch Clover, White and Red Clover, Sanfoin, T. othy. Orchard Grass, 0.-it Gras-i, Herds Grass, &c. Agricultural Books. The third edition of FessenJcn's .Vein .American ff I dener ; Ihi.* work lias been pronounced by the most j dicioiis horticulturists in New England and Ihc mid states, lo be the best treatise on Fruit Trees, Vegelabl ' Grape Vines, &c., to bo found ia this country — pr fl,25. The Vino Dresser's Theoretical and Practical M.int on the Culture of the Vine; and Making Wine, liiaQ^ and Vinegar. By Tliiebaut de Bcrneaud. The Young Gardener's .Assistant, containing Direclii for the cullivatioti of Culinary Vegetables, and Oriiame al Flowers. By T. Bridgciuan, gardener, New York price 37 1-2 cts. A practical Treatise on the Management of Pecs; a Ihc Management of .Apiaries, with the best tnetboil of d' troying and preventing the depredation* of the Dee Mo By James Thacher, M. D. — price 75 cts. i'ulilished evciy Friday, nt 5-' I**'' annum. pn>.i!' M end of the year — but those who pay within sixi_\ it.i\ v -: . m time of subscribing, arc rntitlnltu a deduction of liiiv i. .<. IJj' No paper will be sent to sdislajice without p.n in :.l iug m.ule in nilvauce. Primed for J. B. RisstM.. by I. R, ntJTTs-l.> »l nil descriptions of Printing can l>e eiemioil to meet ilu \< u of cusloMicm. Orilers for printing received by J. It. Ki -st at llio Agricultural War«bouw No. OS North Market Sir* ■' Bea NEW ENGIiAND FARMER. Published by John B. Russell, at JVo. 52 JSTorth Market Street, (at the Agriciiltural Warehouse) Thomas G. Fessenden Editor. VOL. YIII. HORTIC U L T U R E. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1829. No. 4. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FAR.MER. j his legs, and not unfiequently was siezed with it I'm- which purpose a green oak tree was cqt ~ I every night for weeks in succession. Thii-ty years ' (hessed, and placed under liis barn, which was I since, I had recourse to the aforementioned rem- ! perfect and sound a few years ago. This tree NATIVE GRAPES. !edy, and have not experienced anything of the ; was probably cut in the month of July. Again, "(Ir Editor I noticed in tlie New England '^'"'^ niore than two or three times since. You ; there are barns now standing on Long Island, ■nier of July 1 7, a comnmnication from Mr E. "'" suppress this, if in your opinion want offaith i wliicli have htcn built with timber cut in summer. Bull, of Hartford, on the Co/wmiia)!, or iJiicA "'" pi'event any person from applying such a in those barns we find hickory, gum, and oak ipe. Mr B.'s attention and promptness in fur- 'simple remedy, and would rather sufler the pain. | rafters, with the bark stripped ofl', as hard as horn the desired information is very gratifying 'J^° " wash in Jordan" and be healed, I know, is j and uninjured by worms. Those barns were s, also, his liberal offer to forward to the Mas- i '^y '"^"Y deemed impracticable, but if a physician lusetts Horticultural Society some of the cut- 8''°"'^ recommend '' some great thing," and which As of the grape, and a basket of the fruit. We '"'ffht ^*= attended with expense to the patient, no •» ;t this grape will prove a valuable acquisition I doubt the prescription would be strictly observed. !} )ur native fruits. Mr B. did not state whether I Bristol, Me. Aug. 4, 1829. A. B. From the Lonff Islcind Star. built to supply the jdace of those burnt by light ning. With such evidence before us, it certainly ap- pears that we are ignorant of the proper time to cut ship timber. Actual experiments, therefore, are necessary to define the proper season. For which purpose, our government should jjurchase SHIP TIMBER' ^ "^'"''' °^ vvoodland, wherein a parcel of timber .... ^ , J , 1 , • ■ , should be cut in every week throughout the year. At what season of the year should ship tmiber i i i r. . i a • <• i i / r,Jt the berries do not dron from the bunches i . i . • ■ i .. i i- -, , and lelt to dccny. A register ol the days of cut- lij [ uie oerries uo not aiop iioin tne uunones, be cut down, to msure its longest durabdilv .' .• i . ■ .• i i i c , the bnurbpa from the vine as is: snniptimes rrii • • • i- ' •• tmg kept, noimg partbcularly the age of the moon, ine uuntncs irom tne vine, as is sometimes This is an interesting subject to every maritime ,. , , ,',, ■ i .i T. r.u rase with the Isabella fi-ranp which has a dp- .• i i • i /• i • i tile looseness oi the bark, the weight oi the wooU, case vviui iiie isdueiia gidpe, wniLii lias a ue- nation, and nothing short of actual experiments . H ; in this respect; the berries being easily shaken ^.ill gol^.e the uuestion. We have existed as a , «®/''""' ,, , .• , , n tlip br.niiclips when riiip ■ nr , , ■ Such a measure would produce practical and n tne oianciies wnen npe. nution fifty years, and are truly a naval power,' ad a thick or a thin skin, nor time of ripen-' "!', I have been informed, from another source,! T; it ripens in September, and hangs on the' until destroyed Ijy the frost. Mr B. states ' cured it from Mr Adlum, of Washington, Dis t of Columbia. It originated on Mr A.'s farm he District, and is evidently different from the iger than tliat whicn is cut in any season of the year, because the sap is then sup- posed to be in the earth and the bark is firm to the tree. But are these sufficient reasons to sai- AMERICAN VINEYARDS. William Prince, Proprietor of the Linnrean _,,,,_ , , - I Botanic Garden, New York, desires to add to his nieiit.oned by Mr Bull. It has never yet ^ i,,y ^^ ^f „,,, truth of their position .' We know j work on the Vine, now in progress, a list of all the ' ""' that a white oak free cut down in February, and j vineyards existing in'the United .States, and the lift laying until June, will send out small sprouts j success attending them ; and he will be gratified '....r. the body, and that thn bark will loosen and; to receive i. n 'lie proprietors of vineyards in may be stripped off, and the like of chesnut and I every section of our country, the required iiifor- other wood; hence it is evident that there is much j matioii, per mail, as soon as possible, as the work sap in wood in February. will be published duiing the present or ensuing Tlae most durable woods in the United Slates, month. are red-cedar, locust, live-oak, white-oak, and I ■ — pine. That there is a proper season to cut mate- j PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. rials for ship building is certain. Locust wood it t ^'^^ °^ •h^ ^^^^ '"°^''^ °^ preserving health, is generally supposed will last fifty years, and i ^"^ invigorating the constitution against the evils ne witii me. Vhile s]jeaking of n-ative grapes, I will remark ['^Jt they look very promising,, this season, witi, and with others in this vicinity. The Bland's, ~ huylkill, and Elsinburgh, are vigorous in their wth, full of fruit, and vie with the Isabella. — e vines of Z. Cook, Jr, Es(|. and of the Messrs NSHirs, of five and six yeaj's old, laden with ir five and six hundred bunches of fruit on h vine, must gratify every admirer of horticul- il pursuits. S. D. Dorchester, Aug. 5, 1829. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PREVENTIVE OF THE CRAMP. S Mr Fessenden — I noticed in the New Eng- d Farmer of July 17, No. 52, an article taken :n the Middletown Gazette, over the signature A Customer," to cure or prevent the cramp. s recommended when the cramp siezes a per- " , in bed to lie soniething rountl the limb be ;en the pain and the body. I regret that the ter had not described that something, whether 3 intended a twine string or a cart rojie, and jrmed .at the same time how long the applica- 1 must be continued, in order to prevent a re- rence of the disease. From actual experiment, I will point out a re simple, and equally certain remedy. Any son subject to cramp wlio will take the precau- 1 to wrap a piece of brimstone in its crude te, the size of a large bean, in paper, and wear in his pantaloons pocket, it will save him the ible of cording his limbs, or jumping out on the 3r to rub the parts affected. The writer of s was afflicted for several years with cramp in that it may be cut at any season of the year. ! "^ ''^'= ''PP'"°'"^'""ff "''"'er, is the daily use of the This is certainly wrong.— The writer of this arti- ! ^'"^'^ '^^•'^- ^° "'''"^ habits, however, the plung- cle, in the year" ISOl, purchased from Hicks, Ti- I "'" "^^'^ '^ '^"'■"'"'' ^y ''''' absence of that reac- tus, & Co. lumber merchants of New York, one ' "°° "''"•='' <^^"^<^^ "'«' S'""' «" "'S ^^in of those hundred and fifty locust posts, and fifty red cedar ^^"^ ''"■" •'•'uefited by bathing. In these case posts, which were used for fencing ; the locust '"^^ shower bath is often useful ; but, when no re- posts were from Queens county, and the red ce- ''^"°" '=^'^" ^""""'^ "^ "^''' t''" individual should dar from the south. The locust posts are rotten spon?^ the trunk of the body with cold salt wa- and removed, the red cedar are perfect and sound. 1 1'^''' "■■ ^'"^'S'"" '*"'' ""^t*""' '^*^'«''e rising in the In June of the same year, he cut thirty locust "'"mins, whilst the limbs are kept warm in bed. posts which were used in fence, and those were PENNSYLVANIA HORTICULTURAL SO- good. In March of the same year, he cut a quan- [ , CIETY. tity of chesnut posts, which were set the same ; A stated meeting was held en the 3d instant, summer; those lasted sixteen years, and were re- ; Among the collections of fruit, flowers and jdants, placed with chesnut posts which were cut in May, the following deserve particular notice, the latter have stood twelve years, and are rotten, j Mr Hibbert presented a fine Agapanthus Vm- We know moreover that there are seasons of bellatus, or African blue Lily, in flower. the year, between March and November, when brush-wood may be cut which will dry perfectly hard. After the British evacuated Philadelphia, in A Mandarine orange. The branch bearing a fruit was inserted in the stock last October, and the fruit has since grown to perfection. Se- veral other branches bearing flowers at the time, June, 1778, Mr Cooper, the owner of Cooper's i were engrafted, and have since matured th^^ Ferry, near said city, began to repair his buildings I fruit. which had been injured by the British, and it was | 3. Pyramidalis alba and rubra, verj' large ai found necessary to place a new cill under his barn, fine. leiH^^ ik 26 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, -Alls. 1-1, 1-j 4. Kudbcckia fulgidn, native. 5. A youug thrifty jiine apple, will be ripe iu October. Mr Parker exhibited, 1. Cactus Tuna, or prickly pear in flower, with numerous fruits, but in au iiiiiiiature stule. 2. Scverul I'hiius, viz : — Quitzcr, Bolmar's 'Washington (yollow,) Welhurill's large blue. C'lilorcd drawings of these, hy Mr Knf,'stroni, ^ No. 70, biiutli Eigliih street, were also shown : — blue egg plum, imperial violet, rod egg, and a large yellow plum, a seedling, the fruit large but not ripe, said to be of fine flavor ; red gage, yel- low gage, and white egg, with colored drawings in oil, by Mr Woodside. The figures hy both art- ists, by comparison with the fruits, were found to be perfect representations of them. — The weight of the blue egg plum was IJ ounces and 70 grains. That of the red egg, 1^ ounces, less 20 grains. Mr EngstroiD exliibited colored drawings of several flowers growing in the gardens of dilVer- ent members of the .'Society, which gave great satisfaction, from llieir botanical accuracy, and the beauty of the colors. His mode of coloring is peculiar to himself, and he is recommended to those who wish to acquire the pleasing art of which he is master. Upwards of fifty new members were elected, and thirty more proposed on their own appli- cation. Delphinium consolida, (two varieties) — Fcrbtna ca- pitala, and yerbascum rtpandum. From Mr Cowi>o of Roxhury, specimens of Clethra alnifolia, a hardy, indigenous shrub. From Thomas Brf.wkr, Ksq, of Koxbury, se- veral varieties of JlUhca, Impaliens baUamina, and Coreopsis tincloria. From Mr Emmons of Boston, beautiful speci- mens of the Double flowering Tomegranate, and the new Italian Marygold. Fine specimens of hardy indigenous perennials and early fruit.s, from WiNsiiirs' Nursery, and other articles from Col. Jaques of Cliurlcstown, and ("apt. ("iiandler of Lexington. A box of fruit was forwarded by Thomas IJloodgood, Esq. of New York, and intended to have reached the Society's Hall on Saturday. — It unfortunately arrived too late for the Society's meeting — It contained specimens of a fine, simi- mer |)car, called at present in New York the Bloodgood Pear, ll is believed to have origina- ted at Flushing. ever bumble and unprofitable, the busincKs be considered at this date, is nevertheless the port and fortress of the nation. " The king ►e. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO- CIETY. .\niong the articles exhibited at tlie Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on Saturday the 8th inst. were the followi.ig: — F'rom J. II. CoiiB, Esq. of Dedliam, specimens of raw Silk — silk cocoons — 1 lb. of reeled or organzine Silk, and 1-2 lb. of silk tow from the outside of the cocoons. — The reeled Silk sells readily to tlie manufacturers at S5 per pound — when prepared for tliu loom, $1,50 per ounce. This American Silk is prefered by the manufactu- rers to that imported fronj China, and will bring a higher price. It was reeled on an apparatus, which is considered belter than the celebrated Languedoc inqtroved reel, and is capable of reel- ing the silk to any degree of fineness. — Ma (^onii, we understand, has made about 20 llis. of organ- zine silk this season, for which he has already been oflered oae hundred dollars hy the manulhrtu- rers. It is but three years since he tiirni'd his attcnlion to ilie bnsiiiess of raising the White Mulberry ami Silk, and he finds but few obsta- cles. Ho states that in three months from the time of taking the mulberry leaf in June, he can furnish silk rringe, and other articles of silk, which sell readily for cash. From the garden of lion. John Welles, speci- mens of a very (ine Apricot, imported hy him from France. Mr W. likewise brought buds of the same for distribution among meinhers of the So- ciety.— Members not present will bo furni-shed with the buds by Mr Welles, at bis place in Dorchester. From the garden of John Lemist, Esc). of Roxbury, specimens of .Xrrium splendens, (very rare nnd beautifid) — Altlien, six varieties — Cacatia eoccinea, Voreopsis linrtoriu, Snluia splendens, ^^^hn/sanlhcmum tricolor, llosa noisrlle, I'iscidium, 4^HBi»nta miUliJlora, and 'A. elef^ans, Impaliens lialsa- .•*«ia. (very fiiie)_7'osf/eai-s — and added, that the Mus- tard Seeds acted like magic. He took them in mo- derate doses, in molasses. Very few persons find any difficulty in taking them ; though they must be swallowed whole three times a day, and usually from two to four tea- spoonfuls at a dose. They shoidd be taken an hour before breakfast, — an hour after dinner, and the third dose an hour before going to bed. Persons who dine later than 4 o'clock, should take the second dose an hour before, instead of after dinner. The seed should be well washed before taken, to free them from dust or other vicious matter which may adhere to them from negligence in the persons who prepare them for market. Those who experience any difficulty in taking them in cold water, or without anything, would do well to pour a little hot water on them. This immedi- ately prodnces a mucilage, which renders them more easily to be swallowed. But at all events they can be taken without difficulty in a little jelly, molasses, mush, or the like. Persons much dispeptic require a dose or so of cpsom salts, or sedleitz powders to assist the incep- tive operation of the seed. An over-dose may be known by an immoderate operation on the bowels, or by unusual resile^^sness at night, or an eruption about the mouth. In ei- ther case, the quantity should be reduced. Three teaspoonfiils is the common dose ; but in one instance, only ten seeds were sufficient. Regularity is to be , observed strictly. It is a sine qua non. The patient must not expect to be cured in a day, nor a tceek, nor two weeks. To stop short of three weeks at least, were no wiser than one who, nearly across a stream, turns back be- cause it still runs rapidly. Let no one condemn the ff'hite Mustard Seed, who has not taken ihem as above directed, with perfect regularity, for three weeks at least. Whilst taking the Mustard Seed, a rigid absti- nence from all kinds of ardent spArits, wines, and fermented liquors must be observed, or the Must- ard Seed will have very little, if any effect. And I would advise such as prefer health to poison, in order to prevent a recurrence of disease, to con- tinue this rigidjibslinence. It Were well also to use no vinegar — eat no pickles — no raw vegetables — very sparingly of cabbage, and other "reens and of fruit of all kinds — use no milk. except in coffee and tea, unless it is well boiled. 1 have always beeu exceedingly fond of some of those things ; of milk in particular — (it is a great iiro- moter of sick-headach ;) but I have nearly quit them all. I know that cny habit may be broken, and any propensity ;;ontrolled ; and he whowoidd not do all this, and more, for the sake of health, why let him (ns Cobbett says,) be strk — he ought <» be sick — and I would almost add, he deserves to die. JOSIAH F. POLK. fVashington City, July 22, 1829. 28 Extracts from a pamphUI containing Procttdings of the Essex .Ij^'ricultural Societ;/. (Continue it from page 21.) DANIF.K IJLK.MIAM'S STATEMENT. To the Committer on Potatoes — Gentlkmk.'*— NuH>»''''i|">''i'K "" ulK-Tutmii lu the coiiditioii», tor llie piiiiiiuiiis on |)i.ial»" -^ fVoiii NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 14, 1S29. ouirlil to 1.0 kci.t clastic ? I Uasv no hesilatioi. in i A specimen of encli of the kinds is l.ere% beli.-vii..' ll.at whoever shall uiuii.l with accura- e.xl.ihited— the quantity raised from seed Nt r cy ami "ju-lgiiieiu to these cxperiiMents, will iiiva- j in the second year only, apiicars to me .juite riobiy find, ihnt all tliow; sorts, that it is well to j traorJiiiary preserve, will hear some distinct mark of excel- lence, and that all others should, with an unbend- uti'iii, be tiirowii aside, to prevcni the ing scattering' of any other than first rule sorts. Respectfully submitted liv UA.NIEL I'LTXAM Danvers, Sepltmbtr 25, 1828. Ifl the wjcd of the hidls, 1 did not, the last antuinn, i j,,|g ,,^.,1,0,1 ,„ay be strictly adhered to, will it not COL. MOSELEV'S STATEMENT. hen I took inine from the ground, reserve lor | „,j„v,i ,i,e |,opc and expectation, that in a few ^ MostXey, of Xewbunjport, exhibits a luo year future planting, hut five of the most I'ro"""'-"' | years there will he such a variety of good seed, j Borts, from over an himdrcd sele.-.ted vigorjus | ^^,■,^^.^[ („ this region, that there will he no necessi- j tv for wishing for that which is forei/j plants; for I thought myself assurcil, iVoin previ- ous experiment.-:, that it was useless to plant those whose promise was not good the first season, if they hail received a careful cultivation. I could with ease have reserved sorts to the number, and those that would have yielded the ipianlity that would have fully met the reipiiNitioii ; but the terms not being known until March, 1 felt myself Dtricken from the list of competitors. Vet as the object of the Society is improvement, 1 will pass tho result Id" my ellort to your notice. As 1 found no reason for altering the process in the cultiva- tion, it has been the sanr^ as 1 staled it, the last year wliich 1 will now recapitulate. The seed was sown in gardeniug-time, tlie same as any seed of the size should be sown. When Iho plants had risen, three or four inches, tlie best were chosen and transjilantcd into well inilver- iiCil ground, about fi.nr'.een indies «part. In a nearer distance than this, 1 found that the most prolific plants were liable to mingle their fruit. — When taken up at ha.-vest time, each sort reserved for planting, was carefully kept by itself. In the ■priiig of the year, the fore part of Jlay, they were \ilante(l, four cuts in a hill, about ten inches from each other, under a nioderalo «iuaiility of .\lthoiigli there is a great variety of sorts, from the seed of the balls— yet with me tliey incline to assume the shape and the color of those, from which the balls arc taken ; and as a round white potato is estimated most highly, perlia|)S it is best to seek the balls from the largest of those kinds, Heifer and htr Offspring. This hert'er was two years old in .Vpril or I last. Her sire was the Essex on the Fatherl Farm. -Her mother was a calf from Young I derness, and was owned on the Fatherland Fi when she had this cnlf This heifer was when about four weeks old, from the above fi and came into the possession of Nathaniel Pear then tenant on the Indian Hill Farm. She pix I will further observe, that though I think 'hataU, ^^^^_^^^j ^^ j,^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^ ;„ j,,,^.^ j the sorts that are worth preserving, may well be | ^|^^_^ ^ j.^^,^. ^^^^ ,,^^^1 ^ ^.^^^ ^|j g^g ^,,„^ designated the first season — yet I believfe that some kinds do not give their full character until the third year. From all the sorts that I shew the Committee the last year, 1 planted only three — and one of those I have now cast aside— the other two are good — one of which is considered excellent — a few of them arc at hand, and may he seen if there is a desire for it. If I may not be in order, in addressing these observations to you, please to let the full convic- tion of their correctness, from my own experience, apologize for me. I am, gentlemen, with respect, Your humble servant, DANIEL nURNlIAM. Xeicbunjpoti, Sept. 24, 182S long manuie, in a good soil. Enclosed yon ""'1 ,j^„,j,,„„rf,„„ „j- ji,, ^orts of Potatoes, the second \ see an account ol each kiiui. 1 •' - . i Ifl may not be ilioiight indi;corou.s, nor actu- ated by a pervcr.-o humor, at lieing cast from the list of compelitors, 1 will take the liberty of oQer- ing my dissent from the number of kinds reijuir- eil witii my reasons liir it. It will at once be ■aid, that the object of these expcriinents is to the advantage of the coniiiiunity, by obtaining first rate sorts of polatfies. Now in .so large a number as is re<|uired, it may well be piesiuned, that there will be quite a mimher, that would range with tho.e of midilling promise. These kinds of seed being somewhat novel, they would be received and planterl with chccrlulnes.--, by very many not acquainlcil with this iiieth(;d of gaining seeil, from the expectation, that it would greatly improve — diBBppoiiitment will surely be their reward, if they shall fare no better than 1 have, for a nunilier of years, by planling any other, than those sorts that excel, cither for earliness, quality, or as abimdaiit bearers. It appears to me quite plain, that the most jiiilir.ion3 conducted experiment, (on which tkio empliasis si'oins to rest,) enilvacing the whole number required, may not have a single sort that ought to havo another planting, and yet obtain the boon ; while in another eflort of fewer kinds, there might be one or niori' that would be a valu- able ac ipiisition. Would not smli a result lead with force against tho object ipf tho Society ? Would it not be giving its favorn to numbers rath- er than to worth ? Besides, would it not impress a value on those, that it woiilil bo well to put a.si'le, and depress the value of ihone that ought U) ho retained ? Would not such an issue, tend W) paralyze that apirit for these oxporimcntii, which season, from the seed cf the balls Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, appear in full growth. — The stalks and leaves are full of sap. No. o was at maturity about the middle of August. The weight of tlaso average hills, of each kind, is put against the numbers, viz : No. 1, - - 25 lbs. No. 2, - - 37 ' No. 3, - - 23 ' No. 4, - - 24 ' No. 5, - - 12 ' Although the product of some of the Nos. is heavy, yet from the iinwithered stale cf the stalks and leaves, 1 have no doubt, (if a frost shall not take them within two weeks) the weight will iniirli increase. From their greenness 1 presume their (|uality cannot be ascertained, except of No. 5. DANIEL 15LUNIIAM. DANIEL PUTNAM'S STATEMENT. To the Commiltie appointed by the Trustees of the Essex .igricuttural Socteli/, to examine claims for prtmitimsfur Potatoes raised from the Seed. (jENTLEME.n — In IH27, I planted the seeds of some potatoes so distinct, that I preserved the proilnce of each seed by itself. In the sprins of 1828, I planted the dilferent kinds separate from each other in hills, about 4 feet apart, and ihu f(dlowing is the result of the experiment : — quart. the first of July, 1827, and calved with her p ent calf the 7tli of .April last. She has had other pasture bat the Commoti Pasture, this s iner and autumn to the present time. She had occasionally sorr^; corn stalks, soni"ti some grass cut, and often a small qiuintit shorts or wheat bran, with a little meal. She not had any care or keeping with a view to hibit her at the Cattle Show — and no ace has been kept through the summer of the qui ty of her milk. The determination to exhibit did not occur till Friday last. I then gave d tions that her milk should be measiirc'l, ni-lit mornnig, anil her keeping the .same as bclor Tlic result is as follows, in beer measure : — September 19, Friday evening, 3 ipiari 20, Saturday morning, 3J ' ' evening, 3.^ • 21, Sunday morning, 3i ■ ' evening, 3 ' 22, Monday morning, 3 ' evening, 3^ 23, Tuesday morning, 3 ' evening, 3i • 24, Wednesday morn. ZS ' No. L 4H bills 3 bushels 1 peck 1 2, 30 ' 1 3 ' 4 3, 4, 10 ' 10 ' 0 ' 1 3 ' 0 0 1 5, 10 1 0 i ' evening, 3A ' 2-5, Thursday niorniiip, 3 ' \Ve Iiavc kept an accurate account of the tcr made from her milk, merely for private ■ osily. I -would observe, that my family has staiitly consisted of myself, wife, three chili and ihj-ee domestics — a portion of the liino family has been larger. This heifer has give the milk used in the family, unil her cream been daily useil for cofl'ee, and occa^ionally domestic purposes. Wo have churned every day, and the butter made is as follows : — lbs. ozs. May 23, ' 30, June 6, ' L-J. ' 20, ■ 27 July 4. • 11. ' 18, ' 25, 1, 8, 15 Aug 4 0 3 ti { 0 3 12 3 10 3 2 2 ■i 1 12 •2 11 ._> 14 1 10 1 ■2 I 10 Vol. VIII.— No. 4. Aug. 22, ' 29, Sept. 5, ' 12, ' 19, ' 24,* Total 48 5 -^ Yesterday morning, 5 days. Tliis licil'ef again took bull the 14th day of June I exhibit her as an animal remarkable for ! beauty of her form and exact proportions. E. MOSELEY. , AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 29 lbs. ozs 1 !2 1 13 1 12 2 6 2 15 1 12 MPLE METHOD OE DESTROYING THE HESSIAN FLY. f'A.s the wheat crop this season has, in some 't ices, suffered considerable damage from the de- uctive effects of this insect, we are liappy to be ablcd, by a valuable and obliging correspou- nt, to publish the following directions for de- oying it. The Hessian Fly deposits its eggs on the wheat r before it is reaped ; th? egg is so small as to invisible to the naked eye, but may be very dis- ctly seen with a microscope ; sometimes one ain of wheat will bo observed to have several these eggs on it. They are attached .to the leat by a glutinous substance, deposited around " sm, by the parent fly, by which they are held so inly on the surface, as not to be easily removed the motion of reaping, threshing, &c. Short- after the seeds begin to germinate in the soil, 3 genial heat of the season brings the young fly " )m its egg in the form of a very sinail maggot i is the case with all insects) : these little mag- tj deposit themselves at the root of the stalk the seed of which the eggs had been attached ; twecn the stem and the lowest blade or leaf, liere they may be discovered during the month May and beginning of June quietly reposing : re they remain luitil the warmth of the season ings them to maturity, when they connnence ', the sub.stance to which they have been at- ched. It is not until this period that their de- uctive effects are visible, by the wheat becoming ithcred and blighted. This accounts for the ct that wheat, which is attacked by this dc- ructive insect, presents a healthy ap])carance in e month of June, the period at which the em- ■yo-fly begins to use food. Now it is evident that if the eggs of this fly can ! destroyed on the seed wheat, by any process at will not also destroy the vegetable quality of rain, the ruinous effects will be avoided. — his can be done by the following very S!in[)!e oress — " Soak the seed wheat in water for vclvc hours ; s|)read it out on the barn Soor, so I to allow the superabundant water to escape len take fresh slacked lime and mix it among le wheat in quantity sufficient to have every grain ■)vered with the lime, taking care to stir the heat well v/ith a shovel, so that no particle may icape coming in full contact with the lime, which, hen thus applied, will in a short time destroy le eggs, and consequently preserve the grain om destruction." Our correspondent assures us that the egg, 'hich before the application of the lime appears lear and transparent, afterwards becomes opaque, nd puts ou the appearance of an addled egg. — 'he efficacy of the above remedy has been estah- shed by several experiments, one of which we will heie relate. Wheat supposed to be infested by the Hessian fly, was taken, one half of the quantity treated with lime, and the other half was sown in the same soil with the prepared, in alter- nate il rills ; the result was that every stalk from the prepared seed came to maturity and was pro- ductive, whilst the alternate drills which had been sown with unprepared seed, were almost totally destroyed. The above remedy for so serious an evil cannot be too widely circulated — we would recommend its translation into the French papers, and we think tlie Cm-es of the country parishes would confer a benefit on the parishioners, by having it made known at their respective church doors, after divine service. — Canadian Couranl. BLACK WALNUT. The Boston Traveller describes this majestic tree and its uses. The timber is valuable for its durability, strength, tenacity, and fineness of grain, and is extensively used in the arts. Its lightness, strength, and beauty render it preferable to other timber for the stocks of muskets, for which pur- pose it is almost exclusively used in the United States Armories. It is used where it is a natm-al production, for cabinet work, po;ts set in the ground, hubs of wheels, naval architecture, and in Philadelphia is the common material for cof- fins. The Traveller says the fruit frequently grows to the size of 7 or 8 inches in circumfer- ence, but we never saw any more than 6 inches. It is round, and the external husk is thick and un- divided like that of the butternut ; the kcrntl is sWL-et and agreeable in its taste, though not much if any, superior to the butternut. The Traveller says this tree may bo seen here and there in New England, producing a luxuriant growth and an abundance of fruit. The oiUy tree of this, species, that we ever saw in this vi- cinity, was obtained in the following manner. — Ten years ago, the present editor of this paper picked up a black walnut uniler a stately tree growing on the rich bottom lands of Grande River, in Painesville, Ohio ; brought it home u)id planted it in November. It sprouted and grew two or three feet the next season, and is now a handsome little tree, and bids fair to be a large one. It reseirddes a butternut tree, as do those in the Western States, especially when young. — Hnmp. Gaz. HEMP. This is a luxuriant vegetable ; there are niany stalks in this town nine or ten feet high, and some about twelve feet. In some fields, however, the plants have hardly risen so many inches. The experience of hemp growers this season will con- vince them that rich mellow soils are necessary for this crop. Those who hav* sown their seed on exhausted land, or on turf land in the mead- ows, ploughed in June, will be disappointed. Loudon remarks that hemp sometimes grows to the height of six or seven feet in England, and quotes from a foreign writer who states that he has seen it from sixteen to eighteen feet high in the Bolognese territory in Italy. Perhaps these foreign feet are shorter than English ; the state- ment in the Edinburgh Encyclopedia respecting Italian hemp is as follows : — " In. the neighbor- hood of Bologna, hemp grows to the remarkable height of twelve or thirteen feet, and has been mistaken by travellers for plantations of young ash trees." Hemp is almost the only plant employed in ag- riculture, in which the male and female flowers are on different plants ; this circumstance has some influence on its culture and management — Loudon says that when it is grown for both fibre and seed, it is the usual practice to pull the male plants as soon as the seed is set in the others. — The male plants are known by their yellowish hue and faded flowers. The female plants re- quire tour or five weeks (in Englaml) to ripen their seeil. — Ibid. An old man's day's work. — On the 27th of Jifly, Mr Solomon Pomeroy, of Easthampton, aged 77 years 7 months, reaped one acre and one rod of rye, and raked and loaded two loads of hay. He used no ardent spirits — Ibid. From ilic Long Island Star. PEACH TREES. Mr Spooner — A communication appeared in your paper last spring on the subject of the Peach Tree. The writer appeared to be of o])inion that, the diseases of the peach trees were produced by the Lombardy Poplars, and in support of his opin- on stated, that the peach trees of our country liecame diseased slsortly after the introduction of tlie poplar. The diseases c-f our peach, plum, and cherry trees are progressing from the south to the north. Our peach, plum, and cherry trees became dis- eased shortly after the introduction of the poplar, but that the poplar caused those diseases is indeed very douht.ld. We also have citizens who are of opinion, that .he worms which destroy the honey in our bee hives, have then- origin in the poplar trees^ this also is very doubtful. Like causes are said to produce like cfttjcts. If the poplar trees producs the evils which are thus ascribed to those trees, then they should be destroyed without delay, but, before we form a conclusive opinion on this sub- ject, we ought to know with certainty, how far the destructive iniluencc of the poplar trees will extend, and also, whether a diseased tree, will net infect other trees of the same kind, wilh the same disease. That our peach trees have been destroyed by the influence of some unknown cause, is certain. That, unless the disease may be carried in the stone itself to distant lands, or the poplar extend its baneful influence above twenty miles, then tha [:o])lar is not the cause of the injuries ascribed to it. That poj)lar trees do not produce the disease in the peach trees, or the worms in the bee hives, appears evident to me from the following facts. — Because, peach trees are diseased in the State of New York (in my opinion) far beyond the destruc- tive agency of the poplar, and worins are also pro duced in the bee hives in the same region. In travellinsr in the western part of the state of New York, from Utica to Rochester, thence by the ridge road to Levviston ; thence to Buflalo, and from Buffalo to Alexander, Middlebury, Genesse, Bloonifield, Canandaigna, Geneva, Hopelon, and Pennyan, very few poplars are seen. Still the peach trees in this region are diseased, and to ap- pearances in a few years will be gone. And those persons who have turned their attention to the honey bee, frequently find their hopes blasted by the destructive honey worm. We have seen peach trees diseased above 20 30 NRW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 14, 1829. miles from any poplar trees. Shortly after the peach trees of our rountry became diseased, a writer in a Philadelphia paper on the diseases of our fruit trees, remarked, that fruit trees would run out, and die, and that all our ])cuch trees would jierisli preiMiiiurely, anil that our apple and pear trees in time woulil share the same fate, and lie farther remarked in Miip|>ort of his |)osition, that as those trees had been introduced into America from foreign lands, we would again bo obliged to have recourse l" foreign countries for a new stock of fruit tree.-. Time alono will prove those re- marks. His remarks on peach trees an; verified, and that our apples ami pears are not as good and as durable now, as the same kinds fifty years ago, is well known, nor do our pear and apple trees grow aa large as those of a recent period have done. We have a few peach trees now growing on l>ong Island, from Buenos Ayres, and a few years will determine whether foreign trees will thrive better than those of our own country. A FARMER. The Rail Road between the Susquehanna and the Schuylkill is proceeding with much vigor. — Contractors arc actively engaged on nearly every section of the road. The road formation of one section, about five miles from the Schuylkill, is nearly com|)leted. The orange, lemon, citron, lime, olive, Sec. are cultivated to a considerable extent in Florida, where they thrive and llourisli exceedingly w ell — great quantities of the former, particularly, were raised the last year — 15,000 having been gather- ed at St Augustine alone. Ifoven Cattle. — As the distension is chiefly oc- casioned by carbonic acid gas, any substance which will combine with that ga.", will reduce it. Such a substance is readily found in ammonia, (hartshorn) a spoonful of which infused in water, onnfined our attention to the cultiva- , tion of the foreign — particularly the French va rieties. Bring myself a resident in the French grant, one of the leailing provisions in the transfer of which to the French emigrants, was the cu vatiou of the vine, I have had many upportuni' . of seeing the experiment fairly tried with a gt many varietics,aMd under the care of professed V nerons, but never in one instance have they been ft''- l)aid for their labor and e\p< iiise. Being gener entirely unacquainted with any other kind of c \ii'' livation except that of the vine, and finding the selves so entirely baffled in ibeir best cffortt »- ensure its success, many of them abandoned tl golden dreams and their country together, llci it is tliot neither the views of Congress, nor expectation^ of inilividuals hove as yet been at realized. With such di.sccuraging prospects, ( others were induced to embark in the cultivatlic of Bordeaux vines, but it happened that while |i< unthrifty and insignificant in its appearance ! bore comparatively no fruit at all. They w both planted at the same time, (Uid were then t teen years old, so that the experiment in this stance was completely decisive, that unless grail on native stocks they will not succeed." The writer then states in substance, that a S\v fgji] colony settled in Kentucky, some twenty ye< ^i^ since, anil expended $10,000 in attempts to vate the vine without even succeeding in nuik a vineyard, much less any wine. That a few persisting in the idea, removed to Veray in ln< ana, who lived comfortably on the products ""^ small vineyards composed entirely of our nat vines — principally the Schuylkill muscadel. Tin colonists " agree that no imported vines, so fur their own experietu c extends, have ever withsto the mildew or carbon, which in a few years in- riably destroys them or prevents their beari fruit, and this like all the other natives, has ne\ been materially all'ectcd l>y it. While at Vevay do not recollect to have seen a single Europe, grope vine, except one very diminutive one in Dufours' garden, and he tohl me they had lo- since been compelled to altandon their cultiv tion." The writer then adverts to Mr I.oubat's yoril, on Long Island, in which the imported vin " were small and mdicalthy in comparison wi the native varieties, some of them having a lill t : precocious fruit the first year, which w ith mine, b. Wii generally been the harbinger of disea.sc and b* ■"I AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 31 ucss afterwards. So far from becoming accH- • tetlniiiie have deteriorated from tliem every year. 'i ive never obtained one peck of grapes from tbem, ugh I had twenty two ditt'erent kinds planted on farm at one time. Nor have I ever eaten any pes but at one Frenchman's in tlie whole set- nent, and his vines never bore except one sea- , and have subsequently all died. « ' The Messrs Landreths, of Philadelphia, de- li ;edly considered as amongst our most distin- ll died horticulturists, entertain the same views of 9 mported vines when planted in this country, he told me that he had not a single variety he Id recomjnend. The same facts obtain so far ily observation and information extend, through- the Southern States. In North Carolina, a d deal of wine is made from the Roanoke or ippernong grape, some of which I here found be very pleasant ; and Mr Herbemont, near 't iiinbia, in South Carolina, and Mr Spalding, Jeorgia, I believe, are succeeding entirely with native grapes." ^he writer states that his object is " merely to '« it information frotn others on this very impor- and interesting subject, being myself deter- ! ed to persevere till I succeed in making good e, and in making It profitably. If you possess 'ii information of a profitable and thrifty vine- ' 1 from vines known to have been imported, I uld be thankful for some information through medium of your paper and otherwise, for as I have heard of none ; and having experi- "i ed much vexatious disappointment myself, be s having incurred very considerable expense in r cultivation, I think it time that their repu )n should be established, or the American peo- no longer deluded with the hope of succeed in making wine from foreign grapes." Ve hope that the above notices of the obsta which impede the cultivation of foreign vari- sl s of the grape exhibit the dark side of the ure. We know that vegetables may become iniated, or accustomed to a climate which is natural to them, by persevering in judicious ure. We believe that much may be antici- d front the remedy against mildew which w e given page 5 of the present volume of the V England Farmer, and that to every disorder, ^'hich they may be subject, some adequate renie « may be devised :» leached m the usual way for soap making, and the ley should be kept clear and free from sediment : it must be then boiled until it becoines a solid cake and perfectly dry, when it will be very hard and stick to the sides and bottom of the vessel in which it is boiled, but by suffering it to stand for a few days to attract the moisture it can be easily broken up and taken out. It must now be placed in a furnace and exposed to a red heat for a few hours, when it will be as white and as pure as any pot- ash brought hither for sale. Two acres of buckwheat straw when burned, produced me a barrel of ashes, from which I pro- cured thirty pounds of pure potash. The sale of the potash willfully pay the expense of cutting, thrashing, and cleaning up the grain, as also the trouble of leaching, boiling and baking the salts, which can be done at leisure, as the ash- es, if kept dry, may be preserved a long time. A small furnace that can be built by any ingenious farmer, will answer the purpose of baking the salts. It cannot be injured by any heat we can give it, but if exposed to the atmosphere it will soon dissolve and waste away. A FARMER. To Correspondents. — A communication from an esteem- ed friend in Brighton, came too )ale for this week's paper. Orchard Grass Seed. This day received at ll:e New England Fanner Seed Slore, 52 North MarliPt street, One cask of Orchard Grass Seed, raised by John Prince, Esq. Also, superior While Portugal Onion Seed, foe fall sowing- warranted. Aug. 14. Treatise on Silk, Ifc. This day received at ihe Seed Siore connected with the New England l-'armer. No. 52, North Mai kel street, A methodical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mulberry Tree, on the raising of Silk Worms, and on winding the Silk from Ihe Cocoons ; with plates. By Wm. H. Vernon, of Rhode Island.— Price gl.OD. if Aug. li. Seeds for the ff'est Indies. Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading lo the West Indies, can be luniished with bo.xes of Seeds, assorted, suitable /or that market, at froln g- '<> $5 per bo.v. Each of the ,?5 boxes contains upwards of sixty diiferent kinds of seeds, veg- etable and ornamental, in quantities suitable for a common kitchen garden. The S- boxes contain twenty-five ditferent varieties of vegetable seeds, with the English and French names .ittached. Also, 200 pounds of English white flat turnip seed, growth of 1829. With the greatest variety of seed to be found in New England, wholesale and retail, warranted pure and fresh.— For sale by J. B. RUSSELL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston. eplf Type and Printing Materials For Sale. The following founts of Type are offered for sale at about half Iheir original cost. 160 lbs. Pica, bouglil of Boston Type and Stereotype Found- ry, 182G;«0 lbs. of Pica, do. do. 1827-8 5 '200 lbs. Small H;ca, do. do. 1827-8; 100 lbs. Small Pica, do. do. 1823; 800 lbs. Long Primer, do. do. 1827-8 ; 300 lbs. Bourgeois, do. do. 1828; 4O0 lbs. Brevier, do, do. 1827-8; -iS lbs. Canon; 45 \bs. Double Pica ; 17 lbs Double Paragon, and several other founts of Job Letter. The above founts can be divided if required. Also, 5 Case Stands; 30 Type Cases; 10 Composing Slicks; 8 Demi and Medium Chases ; 2 Copper Galleys ; 2 Medium Washington Presses, bought of Rust &Turney, 1828; 1 Stand- ing Press ; 2 Banks; 100 lbs. Leads ; 30 reams ,?3,50 paper. Apply to John B. Russell, 52 North Market street, post paid Hyacinths. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- land Farmer, 52 North Market st, A collection of Hyacuilh Roots, of mixed colors, in fine order for transplanting, either into pots, or the garden, — price twelve and a half els single — one dollar per dozen. — They can be safely packed for any part of the union. tf Millet Seed. For sale at tlie Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52 North Markci street. 50 bushels of Millet Seeil,— clean, aud of superior quality. Also, a very extensive variety of Ornamental Flower ,Seeds, in papers of 6ctseach, or 100 varieties, one paper each, for S5,00. ROMAN— This elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bay, with black legs, mane, and tail, of high spirit and good tem- per, will stand at the farmof Mr Stephen Willinms, in North- borough, Ms, at Jf20 the season, lo be paid before the mares are taken away. — See New England Farmer, May 15. From the Western Register. BUCKWHEAT. 1r Kinney — As the season for sowing buck- eat is approaching, I beg leave to give some in- nation not generally known, that probably will ourage farmers to pay more attention to the ivation of that article. The grain itself and manner of raising it is so well known, that any Brvations upon that subject would be superflu- I wish to call their attention to the manner turning the straw to account. That article is erally altogether destroyed by fire, and wasted, tough it contains a greater quantity of potash l„ Q any vegetable that has come under my no- ! and is easily obtained. Ily method is, as soon as the grain is thrashed, J ipe away a smooth spot on level hard ground, which burn the straw by small quantities at a e, continuing to throw it on the fire as fast as nil consume, the ashes must be left on the und to cool, and afterwards taken up in barrels l,j put away for leisure time. The ashes can be Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Lectures in Harvard University will begin in the Massachusetts Medical College, Mason street, Boston, the third WEDNESD.\Y in October next, the21st, at nine o'clock, A.M. Anatomy and Surgery, Chemistry, Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence Materia Medica, Theory and Practice of Physic, Students attending the Jledieal Lectures are admitted xeith- cut fee, to Ihe Surgical operations, and clinical practice of the Massachusetts General Hospital during the courses. Aug. 3. eptmeeting W. CHANNING. Dean. Dr Warren. Dr Webster. DrChanning. Dr Bigelow. Dr Jackson. Turnip Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs. fine While Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 1829 — also, several other approved varieties from Scotland, and London, among which the Early Dutch, Yellow Stone, and Yellow Malta, have proved of very superior quality for tlie table.— aud the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) ai;d the Large Norfolk Field Turnip for cattle. PRICES OF COUjVTRY PRODUCE. FBOH 1 TO APPLES, best. barrel. 1 ASHES, pol,fir»l sort, - Pearl, first sort, - ton. 125 00 130 CO " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, white. jushel. 90j 1 00 BEEF, mess. barrel. 10 50 11 00 Cargo, No. 1, " 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 8 00 8 50 BUTTER, inspected. No. 1, new, pound. 14 If. CHEESE, new milk. " 7| 9 Skimmed milk, 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-slreel, - barrel. 5 75' 6 00 Genesee, - - - " 5 50 5 75 Rye, best, - - - - " 3 25 362 GRAIN, Corn, .... bushel. 60 62 Rve, - - - " 63 66 Barley, " 67 Oals. .... *' 42 4a HOG'S LARD, first son, new, pound. y LIME. cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at Ion. 3 60 PORK, clear, barrel. 17 50 18 00 Navy, mess. " 13 00 13 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 13 00 13 60 SEEDS, Herd's Gra.ss, . bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, 't 30O Fowl Meadow, ... " 3 00 Rye Grass, *< 400 Tall Meadow Oats Gro,ss, - " 2 60 Red Top .... " 62 1 00 Lucerne, .... pound. 38 60 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 60 Red Clover, (northern) '■ 7 8 French Sugar Beet, - " 1 SO WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - it ,32 4S Merino, full blood, unwashed, " 18 258 Mcr.no, three fourths washed, ti 26 32 Merino, half blood. 1* 23 2a Merino, quarter washed, " 22 24 Native, washed, . It 20 23 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort. tt 34 36 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, it 2? 25 Pulled, " spinning, first sort, " 2J 30 JVotice, Persons in the country who are disposed to take hoys from the city, either into their work shops, or upon their farms, may obtain them by applying lo Daniell's Intelligence Office, in the passage way immediately in the rear of the Post Office. 3t Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses, will stand for the season al their stable in Brighton. Barefoot at S^, and Cleveland at ^10, wiih $1 for the groom. a24 PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVKFY WEEK EV MR. HAIWARD, (Cleric of Fcmaiil-hail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, . PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, .... MUTTON, .... POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according lo quality,] pound. 8 •' tt 5 tt 6 tt 4 tt 10 ft 10 tt 18 dozen. 11 bushel. barrel. 2 00 32 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Aug. 14, 1829. M I^ C E L L A yiES.JBf^ ''lioman's '/JW!— Tlif following lines (says a cor- respon.lnit of tl.c Hriglitoi. Ilerul.l) were copied from tin; pillar erected on the niounl in the Dane John I'iel.l, formerly called the Dungeon Field, Canterhnry : — Where Is llie man wli» bns the power and skill To slem ilic lorrciils of a woman's will ? For irhho will, she uill, jou may acpcnd on'l— .\inl if she wont, she wonl, so (here 's an end on'l. A farmer in the neighliorliood of Farringdon, (BcrUs.) has ventured upon the experiment of sow- ing a large field of Cobhett's Indian corn, the seed ^he following letters, it is said, were written ovier the ten eomuiandmcnts in a church in Wales, and remained unexplained more than a century. P-U S V R Y I' R F CT M S, V R K 1' T li S P R C P T S T N. To discover the meaning, add the vowel E where it is wanted — eight times to the first line, and nine times to the second. .1 Young Mtlaphijsiri'i.i.— '' Te\l the truth, Ben," sairl a mother to lior hopeful son often or eleven. " How can I mother, when I do n't know what truth is ?" I Jack-a-lantern Mr Harwood, a correspondent was put into the ground on the 5th of ^May, made . j- ^■^^^ jjoston Daily Advertiser, differs in opinion its appearance on the lolh, and has every pros-.from Mr Mitchell, in Sillimun's Journal, in regard .Vctc and Improved fruits. — By cullivatin cruli apple, wonderful improvements have l>t made : why might not something he doni the brandileberry, blackberry, lliimbleberry, i liy superior cultivation ? Coips. — When cabbages are given to cous, decayed and musty leaves should be taken olV they will impart a bad taste to the milk and I ter. To prtvcnl the bleidinp of vines. — If n i moistened bladder be foliled over the eii'l vine which is cut, and then bound tight! with packthread, it will effectually prcvn ° ing. jOL pect of turning out a prolific crop. Mr N. Harrison, of New Lebanon, N. Y. has raised this season from a single bean, of the kind called " thousnnd-to-one," 1972 beans ! there were 301 pods on the vine. to the locomotion of the light called ignis fatuus, will-o-the-wisp, &c. Mr H. asserts that those met with at sea do change place. In crossing the gulf-stream, he observed them on different parts of the vessel in dark, damp nights, and spent several hours in climbing about, attempting to catch Mr J. Loiiiig, of Yarmouth, C. C. sowed some j them. When his hand came near tliem they dis- turnip seed oirthc first of June, and on the first of, appeared; he made a sudden grasp at one, but August he picked one which seemed bent upon when he (lut his hand where it was, it was not pushing its humbler brcihren off the ground. It I there. He says he drove thcin from place to weiglied 8 lbs. and was 15 inches round. The Cincinnati Daily Advertiser expresses the opinion, from the various accounts wliich have Ijeen |Hiblislied of the favorable state of the crops; that tliere will be, at the lowest estimate, one mil- lion more barrels of flour made in the United States, the present year, than were ever made in one year before. .Anecdote. — \ full blooded Jonathan, residing in a certain town in New England, once took it into his head to " go a courtiii' ;" he accordingly sad- dled the old mare, and started off to pay his de- voirs to one of the hiixom lasses of tlic noighhor- liood. AfliM- " ^tayiM" ttitli his " gal " until day- light began to streak the east, ho made prepara- tions to depart. Just as he was seating himself ip the saddle, his fair one, who stood in the door, place all over the rigging. — Hamp. Gaz. It has been computed that not less than 1,100,000 bushels of apples wore imported into England, principally from Germany, during the past season. Beggars. — The increase in number of itinerant beggars, is a subject well worthy the attention of legislatures and the community at large. The in- conveniences suffered in European countries by herds of these wandering lazzaront, ought to be a warning, on our part, to check the infant growth of similar associations among ourselves. There can be but little if any deuht, tWt many of those, who are at present traversing the United States, retailing to the charitable, tales of misfortune, sickness, and famine, are gross imposters, who ac tuated by indolence and avarice, seek to obtain a (and who, by the way, was marvellously fond of |i^.e|ji|o„j,„„i even wealth by practising upon having "sparks") wishing to have him come | ,|,p j.j:,„p„, dips of the benevolent, again, stammcrcil out, " I shall be at home next Sun- 1 \y^ ^re not desirous of appearing hard heart day night, Zch." Zebedee, taking out his tobacco , p,)^ ^^ uncharitable, toward these wretches ; but box, and biiing off a quid of jiigtail in less than a j j„ ^ country like this, where every necessary aid second.honestly answered, "So sAo/i /, 6^ ffau%."'j,o ,|,e poor is extended, and where ijidustry i Strawberry Plants. For sale al Ihe Rrl^liion Nursery t Roots. For sale at the .Seed .Store connected wilb the New EngCTi Farmer, 5* North Market street, W A fine collection of Dutch 'I'ulip Roots, nfbrieiht red. white, pink, and splendid variegated colors, at ijl,(XJ pt — 12 1-2 cts single. tf jVo/ice. Subscribers to the New England Farmer are informed they can have their volumes neatly and faithlully half t>< and lettered, at 15 els per %oluinc, by leaving thcin at olfire. AliP China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner If Received, a great variety of the above ; which, with a • plete assortment of Oockery, China, and Glass Ware, ai li-red for sale, l.iw. ot .No. 4 Dock Squire. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for Cnpfland's Ammliuilion Slorf. fSHroad si, al retail. SHOT. CAPS, &c.ol Ihe test i/ualilij—choap for rash. English Scythes. James Cam's double prime ^ra<« scythefl, wide and nni a superior article, fur sale at the Hardware Store of S. ' SKNDEN.No. SnStateStrrel. Si June I Buckwheat, ifc. For sale at the Seed Store conni-cled with ihe New- land Farmer. No. 52 North Market Street, A few bushels of Uucknhrai. growth of IS28. Also, a Iher suppl.v of Fow I ;^lcadow Grass Seed, of superior iinnii TallMeadow Oat Grass Seed.'' ii Thl! 52 No dav received al the New England Farmer Seed .'^ ih Market street, 20 bushels of '1 all Meadow Oat C Mer».— Skilful politicians have been so sensi- ble of the dangers of idleness, that they have al- 1 ways been vigilant lo find work for their people. ; When Pisistrattis had the supreme command, he gent for those who were irile about the sliects, and asked why they loitered about doing nothing? " If your cattle be dead," said he, " take others from me and work ; if you want seed, that also will I give you." So fearful was he of the inju- rious effects that would result from habits of idle- ness. _^__^^_ Octogenarian Jhi/maker. — Mr Samuel Brigham, of Shrewsbury, has, eighty years in succession, mown grass ami made hay iliiring each hay season on the farm, on which he now lives. And what is quite remarkable he has bc.-ii able the present Benson to cut his half acre ofgrass per day. This furnishes a practical illustration of the cll'eet of temperance ami steady habits, which in an emi- nent degree have marked the whole coiirio of this aged and worthy citizen. — ff'orccster Republican. never known to starve, there cannot be occasion for much ilisplay of misery. It, therefore, is very Seed, al Jt-.50 per bushel. Also, White ASulberry Seed, 30 cl« per ounce. Luce or French Clover, Wliite and Reil Clover, Sanfoin, 1 othy, Orchard Grass, Oat (7rass, Herds Crass, &c. Jlgrirnllural Books. The third edition o( Fessenilen's .Win Jlmerican ( probable that the tales of wo which these wan- | <'«""■; ''lis work has been pvouotmced by the states, lo be the best treatise on Fruit Trees, Veselal Grape Vines, &c., to he found in ihis country — i $1.25. The Vino Dresser's Theoretical and Practical Man ten, are gross falsehoods, and that the whole cause and object of their perigrinations, is their profligacy and proneness to sloth. They make beggary a profession, and by their artful mode ofl ""/I'," Cullt.ru of Ihe Vir.e ; and Making Wine, Bra, rv. . . ' . , . ^ , , and V inegar. By Thiehaiil dc Bcriieaiid. exhibiting feigned want.-, strain from the hoMe>t The Voung G.irdener's As>islanl, containing Direct hearteil, favors, whicli, perhaps, they are less able } for Ihe cullivalion of Culinary Vcgelnblcs, and Orn:iir to bestow than the beggars themselves. We heard one instance of u man belonging to New England, who, although in good circtini- Ktanccs, having occasion to assist a daughter and family who resided in Ohio, to journey back to their home, obtained many hunilred dollars, by at- tiring liim.self in a garb of mi.sery, and wandering about the country for four months, .\fter lluy hail reaohi'd home, a i|tiarrel arose about dividinu' the spoil, .tiid the f.ither drove his daughter and her children from beneath bis roof. — Providence Jlmerican. New Vo price 37 1-2 cts. A practical Treatise on the Management of Bees ; Iho Maiiagemcnl of .Api.irie.s, with the best melliod of Iroyiiig and preventing the depredations of the Bee .M I By James Tliarlier, ^I. D. — price 75 els. Published every Fridny.nl $3 per annum. pn\iil'li- I and of the year— bul those' who pay within si»lv dii\s Iroir ^ lime of snbsiribing. nre entitled to .i deduction of filVv cen ' H /■ No pnper ndl lie «eni lo a distance without p'nvmc ■Inp m.\■ The phenomena so often exhibited by various cies of vegetables located in the same soil, and all drawing a conijietency of nourishment, and that even to a luxurj', must be explained upon the principle of vegetable apjjetency, which is nearly synonymous with the oflice of the gustatory nerves, or organ of taste in animals. Hence, the very same nutriment that would be taken up with avidity by one sjiecies of plants, would, by the ab- sorbent vessels of another, be received with indif- ference, or even rejected like tartarized antimony from the human stomach. The above remarks are corroborated from the fact, that we often see particular plants die without any apparent cause, while others inserted almost in the same spot, con- tinue to flourish as though nothing had happened, and this.probably from the nutriment peculiarly adapted tg its taste or appetency, being withheld fran coVringin contact with its radical absorbents; or othe'rlvise from soLue chymical process, it might hive imbibed deleterious particles, which, like ac- [ cilenlal poison in tho human stomach, it could rot eject. As the sulfaces of vegetables, like the animal body, are furnished with inhalcnt, as well as per- spirable vessels, covering their trunk and leaves, especially the under surface of leaves, it may be reasonable to suppose that they often suffer from unfavorable states of the atmosjihere, besides that of cold, as when impregnated with foreign sub- stances hot congenial to their taste or appetency, (for all absorbent vessels, whether animal or vege- table, have'a choice in whatever they receive,) and even the very tread and effluvia of some in- sects, may doan irreparable injury to the health of s\::\\ delicate organization. While touching ujion plants, and insects, I shall close these remarks b}' suggesting an improvement upon the article in the 52d number of the last vol- ume of the N. E. Farmer, where a novel method is recommended for protecting vines from insects by placing a jiiece of board flat on the ground for every square rod planted with cucumbers, for the slicker of a toad. Upon trial, I suspect, we shall often be disappointed in not finding a faithful toad that has seen it in the way of his duty to take the post. In such a case would it not be advisa- ble to procure a sufficient number from the fields of such as may be foimd on dry land, and place them in the above situation .' and if they are too shy, or show too much uneasiness, it would be but little trouble to run a narrow boardr ound the vines, so as to confine them in the desired limits ; and who can tell, without an experiment, but toads in this situatioji, may be bo far domesti- cated as to become permanent settlers upon condition that they may havo a life lease of the premises ? This reminds tne of the old domestic toad, mentioned by Mr Pennant, that lived under the stepstone of a house in Devonshire, facing the garden, for upwards of forty years, and might have lived several years longer, says the writer, had he not, by venturing too far from home in the daytime, received a wound from a raven, which ultimately caused his death in about a year after. This old Rana, if not a real professor of Ento- mology, must have been an experienced veteran in the science of Anti-bug-ism. T. A. Leinpster, Aug. 11, 1829. FOB THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ECONOMICAL AND GOOD BEER. Take 7 quarts of good Molasses, - $0,63 12 oz. Hops, ... 12 1 pint of brewers' yeast,. - 3 $0,78 The above is the proportions of each articla for twenty gallons of hoji beer. — Put 12 ounces of hops into about 7 gallons of water, boil one hour, or till the leaves settle at the bottom — put 7 quarts of good molasses into a 20 gallon cask — then put in the liquor that the hops were boiled in, (and strained) — then add some cold water, and give it a good shaking — add a pint of brewers' yeast, and shake and stir it well — then fill up the cask with cold water, put in the bung, and give it another shaking and rolling — then place the cask where it is to stand, take out the bung, let it re- main out 24 hours, — then bung it up tight, and let it remain one week, when it will be fit for use. — If bottled, 3o much the better. The actual cost of the article is less than one cent per bottle. Charlestown, Aug. 11. T. G. Fessenden, Esi^. Dear Sir — I felt hurt on reading in your pa- per of Friday the 7th Mrs Griffith's letter to Gen. Dearborn, in which she observes that she had sent me the model of her improved Bee Hive to be jiresented to the Horticultural Society. I am hardly willing to think she would have cou- sented to t'~3 p'lblication of her letter previous to some inquiry being made respecting the model, as I presume she could not have supposed that 1 had received it, and failed to present it agreeably to her request. The following are the facts so far as relate to my agency in this transaction. Last fall Mr3 Griffith, with some friends from Boston, called at my house. I was from home at the time, and had not tho pleasure of seeing her, which I very much regretted. On my return, 1 was informed that Mrs Griffith, among other things, noticed my Bee Hives, several of which were made of straw, and she remarked that straw was not a good material for the construction of a hive ; it gave the bee moth a better opportunity to lodge the eggs than when made of wood. — Some time after, in conversation with a friend and corres- pondent of Mrs Griffith's, I observed that my bees for a number of years had done better in my Straw hives, than in hives of wood ; in tho latter I had lost several swarms by the bee moth, and had met no loss in the former, but had been successful without a single exception, and felt sorry Mrs Griffith had not been informed of this at the time she made the remarks upon my straw hives, for I considered she had done more to ob- tain a knowledge of bees, their habits, general character and propensities, than any person in this, and I am inclined to believe in any other country. Not loijg after, the facts respecting my straw hives were communicated to Mrs Griffith by her correspondent, and in a postscript of her letter in reply to her friend, she observes aa soon as Eh« 34 NEW ENGLAND FAUiMER, Aiip. 21, lSi9. hears that \vi! hnvc ii Horticultural Society iti ope- rutiuii, slut will senil u iiioili-l of her liivi;. Tlie letter wliii-li coiituinoil this |>i),slcri|il to me, wa» ilaleil (■|iurlieslioi>e, Ahircli 19, 1829. Some time in April, I wrote to Airs GnirriTii that we had a llortieiiltiiral Soi'iety in this state, or;:aiii/.cil, which hail coiiiineneeil its operations, anil added vhal a model of her hive wonid he very accepta- ble to the Society, and it Would give rnc pleasure to present it in her iranie — I felt anxious to have it come on in season for use the past swarming season, and some friends who went on to New Jersey soon after, and expected to meet Mrs Grikvitu, 1 requested to mention the model, and the great advantage in having it in season to use this year. On the 5th of July I received a letter from Mrs Griffith, daVed Charliushope, June 29, l>ost mark June 30, in which she writes that she lias sent a little box containing the model of her Live to the office of Robert Skdgwick, Esq., to he forwardeil to mo, and requests me to present it to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; since which time I have been anxiously expecting it, have made inquiries of her friends in Hoston, and such inquiries as I presume reached Mrs Griffith ; and I have since been infoniied it was locked up in the desk of H. Sedgwick, Esq., and that he had left New York on a journey. — I also mentioned .Mrs Griffith's intention to send the inodtd to several gentlemen, members of the Horticultural Society, and I think ])revious to the meeting to which Gen. Dearbor.n alludes. I re- gret that the I'resiilent of the Horticultural Soci- ety could not have dropped me one line of inqui- ry before he published the letter of Mrs Griffith, and he would then have added a note by way of exculpating nie. — I have been more iniMutc than I at first intended, but thought you should be fur- nished with all the facts, in order to do away, in the minds of the Society, and the public, any unfavorable impressions of Your friend &c., GORHAM PARSONS. Brighton, Aug. 10, 1829. Watering of Horses. — This is a part of their dietetics that is not of trifling import. All horses prefer soft water, and it proves more wholesome. It is not a good custom to warm water generally for horses ; but it is a inuch worse custom to give them water just drawn from a pump or well; and particularly in summer, when such water is comparatively colder than in winter, and when the horse is probably much holler from exercise, clothing, &c. As some horses drink quicker than Others, it is more proper to give them their water in the stable than at the pond, where they often drink immoderately. The quantity given should be regulated by the exercise and other cireuni- Btances. In summer when the exercise has been severe, more is necessary. In common cases a large horse requires rather more than the half of a large stable pail, and that twice in the day ; at night a full pail should be allowed, making in all three waterings. It is erroneous to suppose that alistiiienre from water increases the wind or vi- gor ; on the contrary, many diseaset ore cncour- oged, parllciilarly inflammatory ones, by this de- privation. If it were the custom to place water within the ri'acli of the animal he would bo found to drink more freipienlly, but less, freely than when watered according to the usuol method. Tlie restraint in this particular when journeying, ia barbarity it.-elf, and is final to the ajipetile, to the spirit, and to the temper of the animal. Horses should never be galloped after drinking ; it is the frcfpient cause of broken wind ; nor should hor.-^cs have mucli water before eating ; but on a jeiunii^y, when the animal is very dry, give three or four quarts — then feed — and v\hen that is partly eaten, some more ; and afterwards the remainder of the quantity intended, which io hot weather should be liberal. — .V. Y. Imiuxrer. .1 new and valuable styptic, which icill stop bleed- ing even of the largest blood vessels. — Take of brainly or common spirit, 2 ounces, Ca^lile soap, 2 drachms, pearlash, 1 ilrachm — scrape the soap fine, and dissolve it in brandy, then add the pearl- ash — mix it well together, and keep it close in a [ihial ; when you apply it let it be warmed, and dip |>ledgcs of lint in it, and the l^lood will iimne- dialely congeal. It operates by coagulating the blood a consider- able way within the vessel : a few applicati'jis may be necessary where the wound is decj), or where a limb is cut off. USE FUL HINTS TO YOUNG SI EN. Start, 1 beseech you, with a conviction firmly fi.xed in your mind, that you have no right to live in this world ; that being of hale body, and sound mind, you have no right to an earthly existence without doing work of some sort or other, unless you have ample fortune whereon to live clear of debt ; and that, even in that case, you have no right to breed children to be kept by others, or to be exposed to the chance of being so kept. Start with this conviction thoroughly iini>lanted in your mind. To wish to live on the labor of others, is, besides the folly of it, to contemplate a fraud at the least, and, under certain circumstances, to meditate oppression and robbery. I suppose you in the middle rank of life. Hap- piness ought to be your great object, and it is I" be found only in independence. Turn your buck on Whitehall and on Somerset House ; leave the ("ustoir.s and excise to the feeble and low minde ina.iy iillers. We cannot all be " A'nig-A/.s" ^•gcilUmen ;" there must be a large part of al'tei all to make and mend clothes and lioi ' and "-arry on trade autl commerce, ami, in spit all we can do, tlic far greater part of us must tuall' work at something ; for uldcss we can at .sut lor •vhich he appeared to be perfectly qunb TIk! terms were settled, and 1, who wanted tin (fespatched, requested him to sit down anil b' but he, looking out of the window, whenct could see the church clock, said, somewhat h ly, " I cannot stop noir, sir ; I must go to din. " Oh," said I, " you must go to iliiiner, must let the dinner, which you must wait upon to have your constant services, then ; for you ai shall never agree."' He had told me that he in great distress for want of employment ; v relief was there before his eyes he could fore for the sake of getting at his eating and drin three or four hours, perliap.':, sooner than I sh havo^thought it right for him to leave otV win Cobbelt. NITRE AS M.VM HE. A writer in the Gardener's Magazine .' "Saltpetre is dear, but the etlect upon hot s in a dry season, is astonisbingly great : it dot the crop." PRIED (HKKRIES Are a very useful article for the dessert ii winter and spring. Nothing is more ea.sy iha dry them. Gather when ripe, and do not b or bruise the skins; spread them on earthen-\ dishes, and place theui in a very cool om n ; next day increase the heal, and at the einl i few hours, they will be found sutlicicnily dry jMitting into clo.so vessels (Inrdener's Magaxi G llEATljRbPSr The Gardener's Magozinc states on newsp. authority, that the culture of Mangel Wu has greatly increa.sed in Giiernsry, and c hove been raised of 100 tons per acre ! Vol. VIII.— No. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 35 ARCANA OF SCIENCE AND ART; One Thousand popular InvcnUons and Improve- inents, abridged from the Transactions of Public Societies, and from the Scientific Joxirnals, Brit- ish and Foreign of the past year. London, 8vo. IVumerous Kngravings. 4s. 6d. riiis woi-k is a selection iiom thirty-five public iiniila of the past year, made with a view to popularity of tlie book "in the engine room the mechanic, tlie laboratory of the chemical "" dent, the museum of the naturalist, the library '"the gardener, the work-shop of the manufac- ■ ' er, the study of the artist, and at tlie firesides ' "? all classes." It is printed in a small type, and ■ *■ itains an innnense body of interesting informa- '""' J for very little money. We would wish to see i.ais, every garden library, and we hope its editor !""'" 1 jiublish a similar volume annually. There ' '" few books better for being given as presents young men, whatever may be their trade or " ifession. — Gardencr^s Magazine. AGRICULTURAL REPORT FOR JULY. DISTRICT OF MONTREAL. The wet weather which was experienced diir- thc month of June and commencement of Ju- was followed by a succession of fine days, ch in a great measure has dissipated the fears ertained for the safety of the root and grain ps. Harvesting is in a considerable state of for- ^iiilirdiiess, and as far as has yet been ascertained I be plentiful. Haymaking in this section of coimtry.was commenced about the 20th of ! month. The return is very abundant in some ces, and in general will be ninre than an aver- e crop. Wheat, notwithstanding the discoura- ig prospect in the early part of the sunnner,vvill Ma tiiir crop ; but little, however, of that kind of lieiin has been sown this year in the surrounding lie rishes compared with former years, — but, with exception of soine low wet spots, what has 3n planted, has every ap|iearance of producing )lentiful crop. Oats have been sown this year a greater extent than usual, and promise to ild a plentiful return. Peas, in general, will be ajieavy crop ; as also will Indian Corn, which has en planted to a great extent. The potato crop II be plentiful, and of an excellent quality; some Ids of potatoes, planted in low situations, have ijen severely injured by the heavy rains in the be- ijining of the season — still there will be much jjre than an average crop. Thus we may confi- ntly hope that the scarcity which was so severe- felt last spring, will be unknown amongst us the raing year. Cattle in general are in a good con- lion, and there is little doubt hnt fodder (which s already fallen considerably) will be fully as low price as in any preceding year. L'^'hsumption, July 30, 1829. DAPTATION OF FRUIT TREES TO PAR- TICULAR SOILS. A correspondent who writes for the Gardener''s Ug'o:i)ic, with the signature Rusticus in Urbe, ys " It would be a very useful thing, if you ere to direct the ohaervation of your readers to 8 different soils which may be planted with ad- intage with some particular kinds of fruit, some which, perhaps, are hardly supposed to be ca- ible of producing any, as stiff clay, chalk, pure limd, wet bog, and morass. On the last, I beg to ly, medlars, quinces, mulberries, raspberries, 1 ack currants, and strawberries will thrive to ad- liration." j1 Method of destroying the Red Spider in Hot-Hou- ses Sfc. By Mr William Redding, Gardener to Mrs Marryat, fl'imbledon House, Su7-ry. Sir, — Allow me to lay before my brother gar- deners my method of destroying the red spider in vineries, hot-houses, and peach houses ; a me- thod 1 lia;>e practised for these ten years with the greatest success. I take half a pound of flour of sulphur, kill it with a little milk, add half a peck of hot lime and two small balls of whiting, and mix it well with water, until it attains the thickness of whitewash, when it is fit for use. I then with a brush, wash the flues and every part of the house, which is of brick, with this mixture in the month of February or March ; but should they require a second washing, which Ls seldom the case, they may be done at any time, when the fires are on, with the greatest safety, only using it sparingly for 5 or 6 feet from the furnaces. — Gardener's Magazine. RECEIPT FOR MAKING TOMATO CATSUP. One gallon Tomatoes, 4 table-spoonfuls table Salt, 4 ' ' black Pepper, J ' ' Allspice, 8 pods red Pepper, 3 table-spoonfuls Mustard Seed. These articles are to be ground fine, and simmer- ed over the fire 3 or 4 hours in a pewter vessel- cooled, strained, and bottled for use. — Add sharp vinegar or port wine if you choose, to make it snfliciently liquid. — Communicated. NEW PLOUGH. Zebedee Cook, Jr., Esq. has left at the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, two mi- niature models of ploughs, made by Mr Frede- rick K.MGHT of Rowley. In the place of a mould board is fixed a piece of wood of a conical form, the largest end of the cone u])permost, and. turning on pivots, inserted in timbers, composing a part of the frame of the plough. This revolv- ing mould board receives the furrow slice as it ri- ses from the share, and api)ears to be calculated to open and turn over the soil with less friction than is necessary in ploughs of the common con- struction. One 'of the models is furnished with double mould boards of this description, one on each side of the beam. NATIVE GRAPES. Mr Fessenden — I learn with pleasure, from reading your valuable New England Farmer, and from conversation with individuals, that con- siderable attention is now paid to the culture of the best varieties of our native grapes. I am not without hopes, that in a few years, many families will produce a reputable and pleasant beverage from them, without the addition of any spirit, which shall bo superior to our domestic currant wine, and worthy to be used on festive occasions, at the marriage feast, or the communion table. In many towns in New '■England, there are doubtless now growing tvild native grapes sufiicient to make barrels of this domestic wine: which could easily be done, by the aid of information obtainable from the best books on the subject, such as the Emporium of Arts, Adlum on the Vine, Loubat's Vine Dresser's Guide, Berneaud's Manual of the Vine, tlie Domestic Encyclopedia, &c. I should be j)leased to be informed, through your columns, by such persons as possess^>Id books, and by aged people, whether the varieties of na- tive wild grapes has not been increasing without design, from being dropt and scattered by laborers in the fields, &c. Among the very vigorous old vines, which are now groioing wild, I am told there are some very remarkable for their vigor and productiveness on .'Ipple Island, in Boston harbor. Perhaps some of your subscribers could jirocure specimens of the fruit and cuttings this foil, when perfectly ripe, for exhibition at the Hall of the Slassachusetts Horti- cultural Society. W. Boston, August 19, 1829. PASTURE. An English .writer recommends to mix a few sheep and one or two colts in eac h pasture for horned cattle. Another says, "the following eco- nomical experiment is well known to the Dutch, that when eight cows have been in a pasture, and can no longer obtain nourishment, two horses will do very well there for some days, and when nothing is left for the horses, four sheep will live u|)on it ; this not only proceeds from their differ- ing in their choice of jilants, but from the forma- tion of their months, which are not equally adapt ed to lay hold of the grass. New grass, stocked very hard with sheep will unite tnid mat at the bottom, and form a tender and inviting herbage. In North Wiltshire, (famous for cheese) some dai- rymen mix sheep with cows, to prevent the ])asture from becoming too luxuriant, in the inoportion of about one sheep to a cow. "The bottom of an old hay stack is estimated an excellent manure for pasture land, as besides the nourishment it affords, it contains a quantity of grass seeds, which furnishes a new set of plants. It should never be suffered to mix with nianure for grain or corn' lands, as it will cause them to be overrun with grass and other [ilaBts, which though useful in a jiaslure, are weeds in arable land." There is a stocking factory at Newburyport, which employs a capital of .§3000, and has thirty frames for weaving stockings, all wrought by fe- males. The stockings manufactured at this es- tablishment are made of Sea Island Cotton, are three-threaded, and meet with a ready sale. A census of South Carolina is now in progress. A correspondent of the Charleston Courier believes that the white population will be found to have de creased. Edgefield district shows an increase of 2000 ; but this is attributed to greater accuracy in the census. Kershaw, in 1820, had 5628 whites, 6692 blacks — now 4922 whites, 8200 blacks. The Worcester county Agricultural Society lias 800 members, and a permanent fund of $5000. Mvaniuge of Promptness. — A merchant whose policy expired at twelve o'clock, called at the Insurance OfBce at half past eleven, and ob- tained a renewal of it. At two' o'clock the same day, his store and goods were reduced to ash- es ! This circumstance occurred at the late destructive fire in Augusta, Georgia. What would have become of that man's fortune if he had thought it " would do as well after diiuier ? " A snake was lately shot at Miramachi, New Brunswick, which measured 15 feet 7 inches in length. Five whole pigeons were found in its stomach. S6 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 21, 1829 Furllier eMnicti/rom tlit I'jmplM of Hit Hit" AgrKultural COL. N EWELl's "sTATEM KNT. Dttcription of the process of makinf; tht Chttst of Vie subscriber, a sample of lehich u-as rxhibiteJ til tht Caltlt S/.oir, at ff'esl .Vticbury, Sept. 25//i, 1828 ; and also an account of the number and as^e of the cows, and the manner ofketpin<^ them. I hnvc (ifti.'Cii cows in milk : — one, two jfiirs old ; iwo, three years old — and the remainder from four to fourteen. They are fed in winter, and umil about two or three weeks of the time of llieir ilro|)|>ing tlicir calves, on Halt and fresh meadow hay ; after which time they have a full supply of English hay, until turned to pasture, vrliicii is about May 20th. The pastures arc tol- erably good, and in addition to this tlicy have the top sialks of five or six acres of corn foil to tliem daily, from the time the corn is in milk until the stalks become dry. They are not turned into the fields until about the first of October. My cows have given a less quantity of milk this season than usual, owing, not to a lack of feed, but to the great number of flics, or some other unknown cause. Not one has suffered from garget or any apparent disease. It is estimated we have used iti the family, at least the milk of three cows, as they will average — the workmen have eaten milk for luncheon, forenoon and after- noon, and most of the time for supper. The cheese, from the time of turning the cows to pasture to the fust of July, average 2.5 lbs. ; through the month of July 22 lbs. ; from the first of August to Sept. 25th, 18 lbs. They now weigh green, 20 lbs. One day's milk set for but- ter gave 8j- lbs., after being worked. It was thought the quantity of milk tlii.s day was rather less than usual. From several experiments we find a gallon of milk makes one jjound of cheese. The milking is soon accomplished, as no one milk more than three or four cows. The milk at every milking is strained into a tub, and immediately the rennet is put in and gently stirred until it is thought well nii.xed with the milk. About one gill of rennet is considered a suitable quantity to a cheese of 2.5 lbs. Tl curil will be fit to break in about one hour. After breaking up, it is left to settle about half an hour — when the curd is gently dipped out into the cheese basket to drain, and the night's curd remains in the basket iluring the night. We are generally two hours or more in gelling it thorough- ly drained before scalding. It is allowed to lay half an hour after the scalding whey is turned on tho curd — when it is again dipped into the cheese bosket, and thoroughly drained, before salting. About three gills of fine bag salt is allowed to 25 gallons of milk, with otie tcas|)oonfull of saltjietre. After the cunl has become cool it is pressed iwentyfour hours, and after being carried to the chambi^r, is turned regularly twice a tlay for a month or six weeks, after that once a day. The above statement is perhaps more particular llian is necessary, but I have been thus minulc in order that others may im|)rove upon the ipialiiy of my cheese by expc imcnting upon tho above receipt ; and to imluc , those who aro far befiire mi.' to publish a pa licuhir account of their process, that idl may have the benrfit of other inqirovc- mciits which ore iiecessarv and practicable. MO.-^KS .NEW K 1,1,. Tl) the (Chairman of the C'onuuiltoc on the Dairy. H'ulMcwbun/, Oct, 11, 1828. Essex, ss. Oct. 15, I82S.— Then the afore- | said Moses Newell made oath that the above stale- it by him subscribed, according to his best knowledge is correct, before me, E. hills, Justice of the Peace. MR RICHARD HEATH'S STATEMENT Of the produce and management of his Dairy. To TUK ('OMMITTEK : (iK.N-rLF.ME.N — 1 have thirteen cows — three of them 13ycors old — four, 9 years old — two, 8 years old — two, 4 years old — two, .3 years old — all of our native breed. They are fed, from the lime they go to the barn in the autumn until the 1st of March, with the.corn fiidder, salt hay, and fresh meadow hay — From March until they go to pasture, they are fed with English hay. The quantity of cheese made the past season is as follows, viz: — In June, 30 cheeses, averaging 29 lbs each. July, 31 ' ' 24 lbs ' August, 30 < ' 19 lbs ' Sep'r, 25 ' ' IG lbs ' It takes a gallon of milk to make a pound of cheese. It) the making of cheese, it is first necessary that great care should be taken, to have all the vessels into which the milk is put, or which are used in the process, jierfectly sweet aiul clean. The milk when taken from the cows is immedi- ately strained into a tub together. A sufllcient quantity of rennet is put to it, to turn it to a curd within one hour and a half — the ctird is then broken up. The curd from the night's milk we let remain until morning, when it is mixeil with the curd of tho morning's milk. It is then drain- ed very dry, considering this of much consequence in preventing an unpleasant flavor to the cheese when dried. We then heat a proper quantity of whey to cover the curd, and let it lie from 1-5 to 20 minutes, when it is again dipjied off into the basket, and drained ; — it is then salted, with about one table spoonful of salt to eight quarts of milk ; it is then put into a little machine and broken up fit to press — after standing about 24 hours, and being twice turned, the cheese is then carried into a close dark room, where it is swathed while green, and afterwards daily turned and rubbed. Great care is taken to prevent the flies entering the room. 1 am respectfully yours, RICHARD IIE.ATII. ft'est .Xeu'bunj. Oct. 20, 1828. ABRAHAM DOW'S STATEMENT. .Iccount of the produce of the Dairi/, on tht farm of .Virnham Don; of M'esl ,\'ewbunj, from May 20//i, to.Srpl.2\th, 1828. From .May 20tli to June 1st, three cows .Amount of butter churned I'roin June 1st to June 1 Itli, four cows: Aiiiouiil of butter churned June 1-lth began to make cheese. From June 14tli to Sept. 1st, five cows: Amount of butter churned From Sept. 1st to Sept. 2 Ith : .\mount of butter churned Weight of the milk in the best of the feed 112 lbs. per day. From the last of July to this time it aven about 60 lbs. In the above account the milk of one ought to be included, who has not averaged a quart per day, and whose calf was killed July -Age of the cows — from eight to thirteen y Breed of tho cows — common breed of ce hght red color. .Mode of feeding — pastured wholly. .Mode of making butter — .Milk kept up stall earthen pans, suflTered to stand four nieaU ; ch ed once in three or four days — 7 ounces of are used to every 10 lbs. of butter, and the cr is suited in the hottest weather, to prcven turning bitter , — let the butter stand 24 In and then work it over. ABRAHAM DO\ Id' lbs. 36 82 1 3 80 4 60 3 205 12 use of, in n Total of butter M.Ik sold, besiiles what was inai family consisting of eight, 25 gallons. Wright of cheese, (two meal,) mailo from June 14th to Sept. 1st, (weighed Sept. 20th,) 439 lbs. EDWARD TOri'AN, Jb's STATEMEN Jrconnl of the produce of the Dairy, on the of Eda-ard Toppan, jr. of .Wuburyporl, .May 20, to Sept. 25, 1828. From May 20lh to July Isf, amount of b' churned, 27 lbs. per week, - - ItJi July 1st, began to make cheese. From August 10th to Sept. 25th, amount of butter churned, 18 lbs. per week, 117 Total amount of butter, - 27£ Milk sold— 20 gallons, besides what was i use of ill a family of six persons. Weight of cheese, (two meal,) from July I August lOlh, 246 lbs. Age of the cows — one 14 years; one 10 y one 6 years ; two heifers, two years oM April, of small size, which were bought in Fi ly, 1827, for IS dollars each. Their winter ing was meadow hay, until they calved — (»• that time to May 21st, they were fed with Ed W hay — from .May 21st to Sept. 25th they pastured in common i)asture, and have not supplied with one pound of fi>od of any since turned into the pasture. They are our tive breed of cattle. Mode of making Butter. — The milk is kc] earthen |)ans, up stairs, excejit in extreme weather, when it is set in the cellar, and perm to stand as long as the milk remains sweet, night previous to churning, the stone pot con ing the cream is set out of doors in a tub of water — the churn is also set out ami filUil water. The churning is performed early ir 'f' morning, in tho wannest of the weather, butter is washed in colil water from two t< times, w hicli not only hanlens it but improve flavor. It is then worked over from two to limes, to extract the buttermilk, which is ven portaul to prevent it from growing rancid, butter should be washed before it is salted, which we have no particular rule — it neeiliii; most suit in the hottest weather, varying quantity to llio |iound to suil the taste o purchaser. Receipt for buUer to keep Ihrotigh the trinter.- 8 Wis. of butler put 6 ounces of siilt ; wo until the buttermilk is entirely separated tlip butler; pack it in n tight firkin that will elude the air; between each laying or cliiu put a liiin layer of salt ; keep il up stnii-s, ai will keep perfectly sweet from October until J EDWARD TOITAN, J J Vol. VIII.— No. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 37 HINTS, ICJTABLE FOR THE PRESSURE OF TilE TIMES. Cease to injulge in the luxuries of life, they ither prolong our existence nor add to our ippiness. Desist from the use of ardent spirits and even ine except in cases of sickness ; these corrupt Ji 9rals, reduce the purse, and shorten life. Join in no expensive entertainment at home abroad — they engender many evils. Let us lay aside our carriages and horses ii -they invite dissipation, cherish idleness and fli dude that kind of exercise which health de- ands. Indidge in no extravagance of dress, neither yourselves or your children; outward show 111 >es little to secure the good opinion of those ho can render us the best service. Teach your children to believe that their fu- re livelihood must depend u|)on their own exer- "51 )ns, and early accustom them to some kind of bor, that they may not be wholly unprepared hen necessity overtakes them. Lay aside the use of tobacco in all its forms, a habit uncleanly, expensive, troublesome, twin brother of intemperance, and a harbin- r of disease. 3Iany waste more money by (low Dutch) practice of smoking alone, an they pay for the support of that religion — )on which their immortal welfare depends. "f Centinel. CDRt; FOR BURNS. Messrs Editors — In your paper of yesterday oruing, I observed an extract from the Boston ed. and Surg. Journal, reconmiending the use of lour in Burns, which induces me to send you a cipe for a poultice which has been employed in y father's family about forty years, without fuil- g in a single instance of producing the nicst Ed| ippy result ; and which I earnestly recommend 1 all who are under the necessity of applying r relief under such afflictions. A SUBSCRIBER. To half a pint of milk, add about as many iffron flowers as can be laid in a table-spoon, ther green or dried, let them simmer together i)0ut three minutes, then sprinkle in sufficient heat flower to make it to the consistency of lick paste ; after spreading it on a cloth apply a nail tiuantity of sweet oil or lard. The poultice lould be renewed every three hours, and in the Durse of twentyfour hours the fire will be en- rely extracted, and the wound will heal without aving any scar. The milk must not boil.— A". Y. D. Adv. Green Peas ^c. in China. — The introduction of reen peas and potatoes to China is probably owing ) the Dutch; becausethe Chinese call them Ilot- nd peas and Holland yams — sometimes the latter re called Utile yams. These products of the arth, it is said, have obtained, at the tables of le rich, a general currency throughout all the rovinces of the Empire, particidarly green peas, hicli at Pekin are used for green pea .soup. To these innovations in the culinary department earl barley is to be added In the taste for ird's nests, spices, peas, &c. not omitting the black conunodity," (tobacco,) which affords foreign smoke," China seems verging to that ;ate in which she will be as dependent on the estern world as the tea drinkers are on her for le luxuries of the banquet. Rice well boiled, is an excellent vegetable, and has, lor several years past, been getting into more extensive use in the Northern States. As many house keepers may not know how to prepare it, we co|)y the following receipt from the Charles- ton Courier : — Put yoiu' rice in an open pot, covering it with water ; then put it on the fire to boil ; when it is boiled so as to become soft, (which is easily ascer- tained by means of a wooden ladle, which we call a hominy stick,) take it oft' the fire, drain ofl" the water, and cover the pot so as to retain the heat — then jiut it on the coals, or hot ashes for about fifteen or twenty minutes, so as to throw off the steam, or as it is usually called, to soak. Your rice is then ready for the table. The first green \H'.a» in London, were sold in June, about 3 dozen pods, for two sovereigns, nearly ten dollars. A writer in the Worcester jEgis asserts that salt is an eftectnal cure for hydrophobia. It shoidd be administered in the form of strong brine, both internally and externally as soon as practicable. It is well known that salt is a powerful antidote to [)oison of all kinds ; and we remember to have heard one of the first settlers in one of the west- ern states relate that, as he was carrying a bag of salt through the woods, he stepped on and was bitten by a rattle-snake. Being at a distance from any house, no medical aid could be procured, and he sat down and rubbed the wound with salt. He continued the application for more than an hour, and then proceeded on his journey, experiencing not the slightest inconvenience from the bite. American Advocate. American Jfine. — We have understood that the [ircmium was awarded to Mr Charles JVes, of this borough, for the best specimen of domestic wine exhibited to the "Wine Convention," which met on the 1st instant, at Mr Upp's vineyard. AVinas from many of the vineyards in this county, and of various kinds of grape, were exhibited ; but no report of the examinations, save of the general result, has reached us. Those who were present at the exhibition express themselves decidedly well pleased with the progress made in the cul- ture of the grape, and the promise thus given that wine will be speedily and permanently added to the staple products of our country. York, Pa. paper. TREE COVERING TWO ACRES. Extract from Dr Scudder's Letter from Ceylon. Banian, (Ficus.) Of this singular tree, there are three species in Jaflfna. The most remarkable thing concerning it, is its well known property of self-propagation. One species, especially, sends out branches from all its lower hmbs, which, hanging down like long ropes, reach the ground, take root, and become additional stems, or trunks to the parent tree. Thus there is a gradual addi- tion to the family, until the whole often covers a very large space ; while it is still connected to- gether as one tree. I have seen, I think, two acres covered in this way, by the progeny of one ancient trunk. The tree is useful only for shade, but it is much reverenced by the natives, who think every ancient banian to be the residence of some evil spirit ; and they will by no means be under one at noon or at sunset, lest the evil spirit should possess them. — Miss. Herald. Egg Trade. — One of the Derry steam vessels carried over to England (from Ireland) 15 tons at a late trip, and on her next voyage upwards of 20 tons, in all 270,000 hens' eggs. fFoman. — To the honor, to the eternal honor of the sex, be it said, that in the path of duty no sacrifice is with them too high or too dear. No- thing is with them impossible, but to shrink from what love, honor, innocence, and religion require. Tlie voice of pleasure, or of power, may pass them luiheeded — but the voice of affliction never. The chamber of the sick, the pillows of the dying, the vigils of the doad, the altars of religion, never missed the presence or the sympathies of Wo- man ! Timid though she be, and so delicate that the winds of heaven may not too roughly visit her, on such occasions she loses all sense of danger, and assumes a preternatural courage, which knows not and fears not consequences. Then she displays that undaunted spirit which neithe:' courts difliculties nor evades them ; that resigna tiou which utters neither murmurs nor reg-ret, and that patience in suft'ering which seems victorious even over death itself — Judge Story. Crops at the West. — We are informed by Mr Ely, proprietor of some of the great Rochester Flouring Mills, that the wheat crop not only ap- pears to be abundant, but that the quality is of the finest description ever known. The kernels of wheat generally are very full and so large that they actually burst out irom the husk; and the ears were filled out and pointed to the very top. New Rochester flour, from the present crop will be received in New York, in a few days. Other crops, we also learn, promise abundant return. N. Y. Com. Adv. Warning to Postmasters. — Asa W. Howe, Depu- ty Post Master at Norwalk, Ohio, has been con- victed and sentenced to pay a fine of two hundred dollars to the United States, and to be imiirisoned in the Penitentiary for the spaceof twelve months, for having opened certain letters which passed through bis hands, while acting as P. M. It is reported that the splendid Cathedral of St. Paul's is discovered to be in an insecure state, and that it has been thought by scientific men that a great portion of the edifice must be rebuilt. The Height of Enjoyment. — A gentleman near Castletoji, Eng. asked a country booby what he considered the greatest enjoyment. His reply was, " if 1 was a king, I 'd live on tharkik, (stir pudding,) and treacle, and swing all day on a gate." Let i;ol .\mbiliou mock Iheir homely joys." It is stated in an English paper that the Mac- clesfield silkweavers have inserted an advertise- ment in the papers, in which they offer their teeth for sale, having these hard times, no further use for them ! Vaccination. — A table recently published in Paris states that the number of persons who, within the last twenty years have been vaccinated by the direction of the Academy of Medicine, is upwards of eight millions ; and that, in the same period, the total number who have been vaccinated throughout France is as much as thir- ty millious. 38 Nr.W EiNGLAM) FARMER, Aug. 21, 192^1. JSEW E^GLAIVlD FARMI/R. BOSTON, rUllJAV, .\L'OLriT2l, 1829. FEAR SYRUP, A writer in Loudon's Mngazine say!), in Riib- i«taiicc, tliiil ti Syiiip maile of I'onrs, in one of llioso |ire|inratioiis of Iriiiis, which, though hlllc, if iit nil known in ICnghind, lurin an important jiurt of ru- r.tl cciiiiuiuy in many partH ul' the cnniiiieiit, cn- nhling tliu iien.saiilt to ilurivi; profit troni their vast croiw of pears, which wonlil otlii-rwisc in frreat part bo iisulesa. In preparing it, the pears are first licated in a copper, over the tire, until the pulp, .-kins, &c, have .■re toil. SagUlaria lati/otia e. (major plena) ((lowers nearly ihc iiizeol roses.) Souihern ."^tat Kri/llirvlirua erntjiicua. Soinh An Dahlia V. Geor^iaua, (crimson («o now variclies) .Mi xi Lobelia grandiflora. S'uili Arneri Bi:;nonia radicant. Middle Hibiscus paliulrit. Now Ln^^lai syriacKs, (double, vcrj- beautiful, LIush.) Syi Lobtliafuliitna. Mixi caidinalia. \'it:;ii Oenothera macrcearpa, (sometimes with flow- ers 5 inches in iliaiiicter) Mi Dracocephalum variigatum. Western St.ite«, & « panel N. Vnrk Sla Jiudbeekia 'nudicauHs (new spccieK) Arkans Salvia officinalis rubra, (leaves variegated, rud, while, and giccii) Euro Yucca filamrntosa, (has a scape 6 feet high, witli 150 flowers) North .\iiicri Arena orietilali.', oriental oat, (apparently worth cultivating from its great aize and free growth) T.irtn From the garden of Joh.n Lejiist, E-'q. of Ri bury, Dracoeeph-lum tlrginianum, Vi-cii C'cniaurea inoschala. J\r Gardenia Jlorida, (llorcplcno ) Clii G'e»i/)/ii<-;irt ^/ofcD.va, (two varietie'i.) i:.i*t Ind Crassula orbiculala. Cape of Good Mo f'olkaineria Juponiea. Jap Gloxinia maeitlala. South .Anar: Gei'rgiuna (Dahlia,) two fine varieties. Mi si Hoy a Carnosa, (very beautiful.) tin From Mr Dow.ner, of Dorchester, (forw arii by Capt. Wm. CLAPr,)a specimen of fine pear.-l'r a seedling raised by him from seed of the sunin Catherine; for examination and a name. We tend to give a drawing and description of this pc soon. Also specimens of the Queen Cailieri Boston Epaigne, Skinless, and old fashion < '.it rinc. From Hon. John Welles, of Dorchester, a f tlier sii])ply of the buds of his fine large .\pric Moinhers not present at the last mcetiig, can i tain them gratuitously at the llall, to-niornnv. NEW ENGLAND FARMER AND HORTICUI.T SAL JOURNAL. Aswc arc now near the coiiiincnrcincnt of the Sih ■ lume of our publiciilion, porhips, some brief olworvatli respcctins its progress, prospec!s.iiid the rei^ults n liuli i lielievcil il has, and hoped il n ill produce, ojay bate dcncy further lo piomotc the groat ol>jecls of il- lisliinenl. Nolwilbslanding Ihc operailoDH of Ihc laborer on .1 fj or in a pardon niiiy seem lo require less manual d, \tei than are demanded in many less u.scful ciiiploytnc n we doubt whether there are any human pursuits :■ cililalcd by the atldilionof skilllo industry, corn r; lo judicious practice than those of the ruliiva'cr. M ami dlliiirnrr, withaiil,kno\vledge and judgmcot lo die K: Ihrir application, would he like hiiplenicnls of art in I Ul,; hands of a robust but blind operator, impolcoi bccM misdiieelvd. Tlio incru handicraft processes of rural economy 1 easily acquired, but rxccllrnre in ihe theory of Ijrin' and gnrdcninf; can only ho obtained by a knowlidj^e fads, joined lo Ibal of pooii scn«e, which rnnbte< it-, p sessur lo turu his iufurnialidD lo the best practical acrou ,1. VIII.— No. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 39 arc the materials from which alone useful theories irifjinatu. A man might be gifted by nature with the al powers of a Solomon oi- a Newton, but, without on which to exercise liis sagacity, he could derive lit- • no advantage from the strength of his intellect. He l5l|d be like a lynx in a dungeon with keen optics but ;d views. e science of cultivation is neither more nor less than 1" ctions, drawn from the results of experience. But xpcrience of no one man, even when it is added to }{ others, who may come within the sphere of his 'jial observation, can furnish him with that variety of :s, which is requisite to enable him to make the most 5 land and his labor. He must then, to accomplish jurpose, have recourse to the e.xperience of others, sting of such processes as may be found recorded in lew England Farmer, and other similar publications, conceived that the jYew England Fanner pos- s the following advantages, which render it prefera- ) common newspapers, as a repository for useful in- ition relating to rural economy. It is devoted almost ly to that purpose ; has an extensive and increas- il ition, is printed in a form, which is convenient ng, and furnished with a copious index for each ae. Bound and deposited in a Farmer's library, it ,1, :iies a valuable counsellor, always at himd fur con- ion, ready to yield advice gratis on almost every sub- which can affect the interest or promote the welfare owner, or add to those comforts, convenience?, and ent pleasures, which constitute the essefice of sublu- enjoyment. thin the last two years our correspondence has great- :reased, we have opened new channels of intercourse European cultivators, as well as enlarged the fields which we gather our harvest of domestic information, ing shall be omitted which a wish to be useful can est, or diligence can accomplish to render our paper nore worthy of that approbation with which it has iy been favored. 3 New England Farmer is published at the low price 2,50 per annum, if paid in advance ; or $3 if de- 1 to the end of the year. It will be sent to any part e United States, on the receipt of one year's sub- lion, in advance, or $3 on account, — the balance of h shall be credited to the next year's payment. It ot be forwarded to persons at a distance without tnt being made in advance. To CoKREspoNDENTS.— All interesting article fi'om Stock- port, Pa. on ilie earVy seulenienl of Pennsylvania, its agricul- ture, gardening, &.C. came loo late for this week's paper. f Southey, a gfeat writer in periodical works, ibes, and we think very justly, the many and )us corruptions iu our idiom, purity and style, e off-hand manner in wliicli articles for news- r.s, magazines, and reviews are written. re learn that Messrs. W. & N. King passen- in the ship Splendid which arrived in this a few days since, have brought out with them )tis kinds of grass seed, among which is a ilityof the real old English sward. n Agricultural Society was incorporated in kingum county at the late session of the Ohio lature ; an e.xperitnental farm has been estab- d by the Society. The Hamilton county ety held their second annual Exhibition and near Cincinnati, on the 19tli of June last, n an official account of their proceedings, ipears that tlie culture of Ileui]) and Silk has enced in various parts of the State, with the gratifying success. person under the signature of .4 Farmer, is g in the Salem Observer, in favor of rail There ;s much sound setise in No. 4, that lave looked over. We are glad that a voice , the County of Essex is to be heard in favor iternal irnprovetnents, from that quarter where nuch doubt, not to say oppuguatiou, has ex- I. — Lancaster Gaz. Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Charlestown Vineyard, on the South Side of Bunker's Hill, opposite Charlestown tide mills, Wilmolt's superb Stra-Aiberry Plants, ar25 cents per plant, potted, or $20 per hundred. Also, the following kinds at $1 per bundled : Downton Strawberry, Pine Strawberry, Mulberry Strawberry, liath Scarlet, and Royal Scarlet; from the last mentioned sort were produced the first Strawberries in Boston market this season, which sold for one dollar per box. D.VVID HAGGERSTON. Od'The above plants are for sale, also, at J. B. Rus- sEi.i^'s Seed Store, No. 52, North Market street, at the same price. Aug. 21. JhUbous Roots. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the N. England Farmer, No. 52, North Market street, A line collection of Bulbous Roots, comprising ffi/a- cinths, 12 1-2 els. each, $1 per doz. — Tulips, 12 1-2 cts. each, ^\ per doz. ; a few superior named roots, 25 to 50 cents each — JVarcissus, double yellow, and white, $1 per dozen, 12 1-2 cents each — Jonquilles, sweet scented, same price — Crocus, various sorts, 50 cents per dozen — Crown Imperials, double yellow, crimson, and red, 37 1-2 to 50 cents each — Sword Lily roots, 25 cts. each. Aug. 21. Orchard Grass Seed. 5'i North Market street, One cask of Orchard Grass Seed, raised by John Prince, Esq. Also, superior VVhke Portugal Onion Seed, for fall sowing — warranted. Aug. 14. Treatise on Silk, ifc. This day received at the Seed Store connected with the New England 1^'arnier, No. 52, North Jlai ket street, A methodical Treati.«e on the Cultivation of the Mulberry Tree, on the raising of Silk Worms, and on winding the Silk from the Cocoons ; with plates. By \Vm. H.Vernon, of Rhode Island.— Price gl.OO. tf Aug. It. Seeds for the ff'est Indies. Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading to the West Indies, can be furnished with boxes of Seeds, assorted, suitable for that market, al from ^2 to g5 per box. Each of the ^5 boxes contains upwards of sixty ditferent kinds ol seeds, veg- etable and ornamental, ill quantities suitable for a common kitchen garden. The J?i boxes contain twenty-five dift'erent varieties of vegetable seeds, wiih the English and French names attached. Also, 1200 pounds cf English white flat turnip seed, growth of 1829. With the greatest variety of seed to he found in New England, wholesale and retail, warranted pure and fresh.— For sale by J. B. RUSSELL, at the Agricultnral Warehouse. No. 52 North Market .Street, Boston. epif fine flavored peach weighing 8 1-4 ounces, measuring 12 inches round, was recently pre- 3d to the eilitnr of tlie Mercury, Charlesloti, . It grew in tliat city. Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Lectures in Harvard University will begin in the Mssiachusetis Medical College, Mason street, Boston, the third WEDNESD.W in October next, theSlst, at nine o'clock, A.M. Anatomy and Surgery, Dr Warren. Chemistry, Dr Webster. Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence, Dr Chanuing. Materia Medica, Dr Bigelow. Theory and Practice of Physic, Dr Jackson. Students attending the Medical Lectures are admitted tcUh- oul fee, to the Surgical operations, and clinical practice of the Massachusetts General HospUal during the courses. Aug. 3. cptmeeling W. CHANNING, Dean. Turnip Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs fine White Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 1829-^aiso, several other approved varieties from Scotland, and London, among which the Early Dutch, Yellow Stone, and Yellow Malta, have proved of very superior quality for the table,— and the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) and lire Large Norfolk Field Turnip for cattle. J^olice. Persons in the country who are disposed to take boys from the city, either into their work shops, or upon their farms, may obtain them by applying to Daniell's Intelligence Office, in the pas.sage way immediately in the rear of the Post Office. 3t Heifers, Calves, Sheep, &)C. For sale, two full blood Alderney Heifers, three years old this spring, with calf by a full blood bull of the Short Horn breed; one Alderney Heifer calf, six months old, weaned, and turned to grass ; two full blood lieifer calves of the Short Horn breed, two months old, now at grass feed ; four of the Long Wool Ewes, imported from the Netherlands ; a buck lamb from one of the ewes, and a Devonshire Buck, a very fine animal, and four full blood Saxony Bucks. For terms apply al this office. June 17, 1829. Type and Printing Materials Por Sale. The Ji)Iluwing fouiiis of Tyjre are otfered for sale at about half their original cost. IGO lbs. Pica, bought of Boston 'J'ype and Stereotype Found- ry, llJ2G;4(iO lbs. of Pica. do. do. 1827-8; 12t)0 Ihs. Snail |-;ca,do. do. 1827-8; 100 Ihs. Small Pica, do. do. 1828 ; [.CO lbs. Long Primer, do. do. 1827-8 ; 300 lbs. Bourgeois, do. do. 1828 ; 400 lbs. Brevier, do, do. 1827-0 ; 48 Jbs. Canon ; 4S Ihs. Doable Pica ; 17 lbs Double Paragon, andsevcral other founts of Job Letter. The above founts can be divided if required. Also, 5 Case Stands; 30 Type Cases; 10 Composing Sticks; 8 Demi and Medium Chases ; 2 Copper Gallevs; 2 Medium Wa.shingloi) Presses, bought of Rust &. Turncy ,'1823; 1 Stand- ing Press ; 2 Banks; 100 lbs. Leads; 30 reams g3,50 paper. Apply to John B. Russell, 52 North Market street, post paid Hyacintlis. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- land Farmer, S2 North Market st, A collection of Hyacinth Roots, of mixed colors, in fine order for transplanting, either into pots, or die garden, — price twelve and a half cts single— one dollar per dozen.— They can be safely packed for an}" part of the union. tf ^ Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses, will stand for the season at llieir stable in Brighton. Barefoot al g26, and Cleveland al glO, with gl for the groom. a24 Millet Seed. For sale al the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52 North Market street. SO bushels of Millet Seed, — clean, and of superior quality. Also, a very extensive variety of Ornamental Flower .Seeds, in papers of 6 cts each, or 100 varieties, one paper each, for S5,00. PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. FROM 1 TO APPLES, best. barrel. ASHES, pot, first sort, - Pearl, first sort, - - - ton. 125 00 130 CO " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, white, hushel. 90 1 00 BEEF, mess, barrel. 10 50 II 00 Cargo, No. 1, " 9 50 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 8 00 8 50 BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new, pound. U 10 CHEESE, new milk. '• 7 U Skimmed milk. *' 2 3 FLOUR, Ballim<,re, Howard-street, - barrel. 6 00 G 25 Genesee, - - - " 5 75 C 00 Rye, be«, - - - - " 3 SO . 3 75 GRAIN, Corn, ... - bushel. GO 62 Rye, - - " G3 65 Barley, " 67 Oats. .... " 42 45 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. pound. 9 LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, rlear, barrel. 17 50 18 00 Navy, mess. 13 00 13 50 Cargo, No. I, 13 00 13 60 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 CO Orchard Grass, 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - . - 3 00 Rvc Grass, 400 Tall Meadow Oats Gra.ss, - 3 Ofi Red Top .... 62 1 CO Lucerne, .... pound. 38 SO White Honeysuckle Clover, 33 fiO Red Clover, (northern) 7 8 French .Sugar Beet, - 1 SO WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . 32 45 Merino, full blood, unwashed. 18 22 Merino, three iburths washed. 28 32 Merino, half blood, . '< 24 28 Merino, quarter washed, 22 24 Native, washed, - 20 23 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - 34 36 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, 25 Pulled, " spinning, first sort. " 27 30 PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERV WEEK BY MR HiYWARD, ( C/e.-k of Fanmil-hail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, . PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - MUTTON. . . - - POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [acccrding to quality,] pound. 8 *' 7 ti 6 li 5 It 4 II IC It 10 It 18 dozen. 11 bushel. 'barrel. 2 00 16 IS 22 13 1 OO 70 £4 850 40 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Aug. 21, 1829. M I^^E I^L A IV_IE S. From cbo Coiioo Mercury. r>i F,T. rini/'/oB,— liomorinl Dolly Doul.leyou, Vou lowly litilc l>ul>lil« vou, I w.inl III know if jou rail show A maa ihai tiarcs to iruubic yuu ! Dolly. — Sni'Ci cliariniiij; .Seignior Tinlvletoi', Your blooming rhrrk it wrinkled none, Of U)Cn (litil lio, lo trouble ine, 1 do not know a single one ! T.— Come, love, shall we be wandering ' The flowers ihcir swreii arc squandering, The idle gale« adown the valc», Are lingering and pondering. P. — O, whal a charming man you be, How fancilul, 1 van, you be, So very sweel, so \cry neat. Anil kind, and Lravc how can you be ? T. — How blest your praises render me, You must the Witch of Eiiilor be, To strike my hcnrl's sinccresl part, Indeed 1 love you tenderly. X).— You know papa he scolded me, The day you flrsl beliolded me, liecntisc you stood — you know you would — And ill your arms enfolded ine ! I T. — 'T is true by all above you know, Thai I sincerely love you, Uiougli, You called me then, the " best of men,*' And 1 called yon " my dove," you know. />.— My name is Dnlly — take me now. Your own for ever make mo now. And let us Hcc — for daddy he If ho should come, would shake me now ! T.— But, Roily, O, my honey, though. Just yiYc/i a Ax if o/ motfij though, For if you do n't— have you I wont. And would n't that be funny, though 1 Old Sfan,—{mttring.) AvaunI ! you ragged villain, you. Or I will l>e fur ilrilling you ; (tuick ! leave my sight, for nought but flight Will hinder me from killin' you ! Pkturei nf Father and Son. — An old woman, who Hliowcd the lioiise nnil pictures at Towccstcr, expresses liefself in these reiiinrkublc words :- "That is Sir Robert Fanner; lie lived in tl fountry, took care of lii.s estate, built this house, and paid for it ; inanu;.'cil well, khvciI money, and dieil rich. — Thai is his son ; he was made a lord, took a place at court, spent his estate, and died a beggar." Curious Ltnartf. — One I'liilip Jtusqtict, who lately died at Anisterdain, has bequeathed a leifn- r.jr lo ft certain Unievolont Society, on condition that two fruit trei-s shall be planted over his (,'rave, and that ihc fruit sliall be publicly Hold at auction every year, in order to prove that tlio reoeptiicles of the deail may be rendered u^'l■ful and l;i;ncfi- c«al to the living. (hie of ll L)Sl lovtU ^'irl.■> lie: court circle covering thfin when they have been alrcud ^5= at Madrid, the tiauglilor of a grandee of tbo first class, Is entirely blind. She takes part at the halls, in the ipiadrillcs, and wolt/es, with remarka- ble spirit anil accuracy. An American traveller dwells upon her beauty ami intelligence, and ob- serves— " her eyes do not bear testimony lo their own imperfection ; they have only a pensive cast, which they seem to borrow from their half closed litis and silken lushes J^'at. Cazelle. THE GLASS BLOWl^R A.NUDAM IJUM.DER; Or, Ruin wilt not protect lithtr from Jlnit or Cold. The Class Blower. — At a Temprriuioe meeting recently held in the vicinity of this city, a respect- able gla.us blower ob.served, that a year or two since, in a very hot day, his fellow workmen de- termineil to keep tip work in spite of the heat, by the help of ardent spirits, lie f xpressed his sur- prise that they should think of drinking rum in such weather ; and they were etpially surprised that he should think of working without it. The exiieriment was tried, " and," said the glass blow- er, "during the day, 1 saw one of the ruin drink- ers fall at my feet, and he was a corpse in four hours ; another fell and died in twelve hours ; four or five were carried out of the glass house, and were with difliculty recovered to health, and of the rest of the rum drinkers, every man gave out and quit work. I myself was uninjured." The Dam Builder. — A corfcspondcnt informs us, that a short time since, in building a large dam across the Shetuoket river, not far from Nor- wich Landing, Conn, about 100 men were em- ployed, who were under the necessity of standing for many days during the hours of labor with their bodies half covered with cold fresh water ; and the whole work was finished without the use of a drop of ardent spirit. Instead of this, the men were freely supplied with hop beer, coflTee, and other niilil drinks ; and so entirely were lliey ))leastd with the result of the e.\pcriinent, that when a Society was about to be formed at the Lnndintr, these men marched down in n body, witli their foreman at the head, to join the Tem- perate Society. — .V, Y. Observer. A Frenchman assured one of our friends that his countrymen never buy an article at the .sel- ler's first price. " For instance," said he, " one of them came into my store the other day, and priced a ])air of .«ilver buckles. I asked seven dollars. ' Eleven ! I give you nine." ' Seven is the ])rice, .sir, not eleven.' 'Seven! I give you five !'" — Philad. Chronicle. attacked. They arc not deprived of any their useful qualities, if covered with the acid I means of a brush ; they absorb it very rapidly The Differtnce. — The Turks are called Infidc and .\tlieists, Init they attribute their successes the tiivor of Almighty God. — The Russians professed Christians, but they supplicate the blei ing of the God of H'ar. Seven kegs of powder were exploded at ol blast on that section of the Ohio and Chesnpeal Canal of which I'armenio Adams is contractor, few days since. From eight hundred to a llio Hand tons of solid rock were thrown up by tl explosion. Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Brighton Nursery 3X10 planUof ibePinei pie Strawberry, in fine order for iraii«planling — at ^2,.tO | IflO — 37 1-2 ctt per doz. Also, Wilraot's Superb, Alpine, Ko berrv, Haulhois, Dowuton, &c. Orders for the above may directed to J. B. Russr.i.1., Seed .Store, 52 North Marki-t Bo.'iUrn. where the plants will be delivered, free of charge IrniisfKirtaiinn. 1'he plums are parked in moss for trajupot lion to any pujj of ihe in. I Pastimes "down runt." — The I'.ditor of the Androicoggin Free I'ress, says that tlio other day he saw seven five-ox teams, each conlain- intt Cfloen females, all of whom were going-a- bluc-berrying. Tulip Roots. For sale at the Seed Store connected wiih the New Kngh Fanner, 32 North Market strrcl, .\ line collection of Dutch Tulip Roots, of bright red, yilh white, pink, and spleudid variegated colors, at ^1,00 per do; — I -J 1-2 els single. if .Vo/ice. Subscribers lo the New England Farmer are informed I they can have their volumes neatly and faithfully half boi ami lettered, al 75 cts per volume, by leaving ihcm nffire. .N'rw China Tea Seii, and light blue Dinner Ho Ki'ceived, a gieat variety of the a^>ove ; which, v pleie assorlmenl of Crockerv, China, and Glass \V lerc^cl for sale, lotv, at No. t l)ock .Squ.ire. Powder at '2s per lb. Ol'PONTS POWDKK. quality warranted, for C':p'I.imVs Ammtinititm t^fore, Co Broad st, at retjil. SHO r, CAI'.S, >Vc. of the tif>l qiinlilu — cheap forcasli. ..ll. English Scythes. James Cam's double prime gras< scathes, wide and n.Trr a superior article, for sale a( the Hardware Siore of ."<. F; SI;M>EN, No. 80 Si.ite Sireei. f;i June la Buckwheat, ifc. For sale ai the Seed Store connected with the New E land Farmer. No. 52 North Miu-ket Street, A few bushels of Buckwheat, growth of 1828. Also tlier supply of Fowl .Meadiiw (irass .Seeil. of superior qunlilj vol *t» Remarkable Circumstance. — Within a few days Mr lliiskell lost a cow in consequence of the bile of a snake — and what is very remarkable, several of his hogs that had eaten of her carcase, have also died from the eflbcls of the poison. We communicate the fact for the bentfit of farimr.". [By the way, poke-root, boilcil soft, and applied as a poultice, is a sure remedy fiir Ihe bilo of a snake. Wc published this remedy ihrco or fimr years ago, and have lind the satisfaction to Icorn that it saved the lifit of a valnalilc horse for a stili- .scribcr. We have also received an ackiiowliil;,'- ment of its eflicacy through a IVnnsylvaiiin pa- per. Il was matiu kiiuwn to us as a cure used by the Indians in Missouri. — Staunton Spectator. Pyrotigncous Jlrid. — A tanner in Hungary, li.sos, wirh great advantace, the pyrolignnous acid in preset ving skins from putrefaction, and in re- Tall Meadow Out Crass Seed. This day rcceiied at the New England Farmer Seed SmC'. 52 Norih .Mrirkel street. 21) bushels of Tall Meadow Oat Gi "'^ Seed, at S:!.1I0 per bushel. Also, While Mulberry .Seed, 30 cts per ounce, I.iicer or Kreneli Clover, White and Red Ciover, Sanfoin, Tl olhy. Orchard Grass, Onl Grass, Herds Grass, Sic. .tgricultural Books. The third edition o( Fetsenden's .Veir .American G> dener ; this work lias heen pronounced by Ihc ihohI dicious horlictiltuiislD in New Knt:bnil and the mid states, lo be the best Ireali'ie on Fruit Trees Ve^it.ibl Grape Vines, &c., to ho found in this countrv — pr $1.25. The Vino Dresner's Theorctic.il and Practical Mani on Ihc Culture of Ihe Vine; and Making Wine, lii,in. and Viiie;;ar. By Thioliaul dc Bernciud. The Young Gardener's As.iislanl.coiilalning Directh for llio rullivalion of Culinary Vcgel«bles, and Orn.ime al Flowerti. By T. Bridgcniao, gardener. New Vorl price C7 1-2 els. A prjctical Treatiic on Ihe ^ianageluent of Bees ; ■ the Maiia-^eincnt of .Apiaries, «? ilh the Ih->( inelliod of A Iroying and preventing the depredations of Ihe Bee .Me By James Timelier, .\I. I). — price 75 cl». I'ublshrd every Friday, nl 5.1 (ht annum, paynble end of the year — lull lho»e who pay witliiu sixi^ (1ii\ ' lime of suli'seril.iug. are entitled lo .i deduclum if iilV\ lUr ^'o paper will h« seul lo a distance without pnymei ing made in advnnc*. Printed for J. B. RtrssiLL, by I. R BcTTS— by all descriptions of Printing can lie exeriiied lo meet ihe wj of cusloiiiers. Orders f.ir printing reecivf.,! bv J. B. Ri at liie Agricultur.il WarvLuusc No. 't2 Nnrih Marke Published by John B. Russell, at JVo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse) Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1829. No. 6. HORTICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. FRUIT TREES. \s the season is now approachinij when much y be effectually Jone for Fruit Trees, to render iltliy and productive, I am induced to r lor the consideration of the farming interest, following remarks, resulting from experience. To preserve the Peach tree, and render it pro- tive, I have, for years, pursued the following rse with great success, and am induced to be- e the peach tree can be made healthy for ly years, if constantly attended to. n the fall remove the earth around the roots of tree, and carefully cleanse from all vermin ; the roots well bare, and previous to replacing earth, put around each tree from 10 to 14 nds of tobacco stems, pound them with a mall 1 down, mixing with the earth, until the space igain filled around the tree ; this should be dy done, with care not to bruise the bark of root. In the spring, when pruning, take care eep down the shooting branches ; in order to vent the tree from growing high, cut from the emity of every branch: the effect will be to ! strength and constitution to the stock, and more rishment to the bearing branches. The great ct is to prevent an exuberant growth of the tree; t is to the exuberance of growth that the early ly of the tree in our climate may be attributed ; excess of growth is great for a few years, and produces disease and decay by exhaustion. course I propose will prevent the early de- of the tree. 1 feel a confidence from the that a friend of mine now has peach trees, i healthy and vigorous state, twenty-seven old, with every appearance of continuing great length of time. The course here rec- lended, has been pursued by him for many s, and always with success. he Pear tree at this season also requires much at- 0|)en around the roots and cleanse them jughly — if any rough bark appears, remove it, to each tree put around the roots from three to bushels of house ashes ; over this throw the 1 lightly — the frosts of winter will not injure ree — when the spring opens genially warm, 36 the outer bark of the body of the tree well :_ 1, removing freely the outer bark, leaving a covering only to the wood. Immediately on J'l being done, apply to the surface of the body bllowing'wash : — take of soft domestic eoap part, of water two parts ; boil them to a g ley, and when as hot as it can be made, l'€ a swab go over the part previously scraped uglily. Great care should be taken in pru- Reraove the decaying wood, carefully lieJI ig into a healthy part ; the wound should vered from the weather by a preparation, the heahng process will immediately com- !. Each year select a few suckers for g fruit, and when they attain a healthy ap- nce, remove the extremity of the branch, in this manner keep down an extensive h of the tree. This must be dona with as from the course first proposed there will be a great flow of sa[>, and if the tree is to|)ped down too much, will produce decay. If this course is pursued, it will be found that the pear tree will be restored to health ; the bark on the (ddest trees will become fresh, tender, and allow a freer circulation of the juices which are required to secure it from decay, and secure an abundant and delicious production of fruit. The principal cause of deca'^ in the pear tree of our country is from the bark becoming so firm and close, as to prevent a circulation of juices freely, and hence the blight of fruit, premature decay of the foliage, and final destruction of the tree. ' CULTIVATOR. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. OLDEN TIME IN PENNSYLVANIA, is introductory to shewing the Rise and Progress of the best of the Agricidture and Gardening in the , State. Pennsylvania had a small beginning. King Charles' Patent, or Charter to William Penn is i dated March 4, 1680. That summer he sent peo- ] pie and materials, with instructions to select tlie most suitable site for a city, and to build him a lOuse. They fixed and built his house, and laid out the city 25 miles higher up the river, than where Philadelphia was built; another party fixed and laid out the place of the city about 10 or 12 miles below ; that is yet called Old PJuladelphia. WiLLiA»i Penn remained in England, and ob- tained another charter from James, Duke of Yo, k, for the state of Delaware, then called the 1' ri Aories of JVcwcastle, Kent, and Sussex; that charter bears date the 24th of August, 1682. After that William Penn sailed for his wooden country. They had a tedious voyage ; too much crowded with passengers ; and numbers died on the way with the small pox. My grandmother, who died at my father's the 14th of February, 1773, supposed to have been upwards of 100. She retained her memory and faculties to the last ; had no learning or knowledge of dates ; could talk Indian before she could English, as she had been brought up in a family of the Swedes that first settled on the Delaware. She used often to relate her being present and seeing William Penn first land on Siveed Hill, near the Navy Yard, where they had a church, before there was a Philadelphia, (and yet have one there) ; that she was present the next day at his Treaty with the Indians, under the noted Elm Tree, where a monument is now erected. Will- iam Penn lived in his house 25 miles above Philadelphia for two years, then returned to England. He and his council having fixed the site for Philadelphia, where it now stands, for the advantage of both rivers. The Indian name of the place was Cockaquanunk, signifying a Grove of Pine Trees. My aged grandmother used to relate tlie great sufterings of many of the first settlers for provisions ; that had they not been supplied by the kindness of the Indians, many would have starved and died. The first settlers were from England, Wales, and Ireland ; most of them had either been mechanics or day laborers ; few had the use of an axe, or any knowledge how to clear or cultivate their land, only as taught by the Indians. William Penn had great trouble in England with the revo- lutions of the; government ; that he was absent from Pennsylvania about twelve years, during which time his country filled slowly with various sects and professions of people. When he came the second time, he built a brick house in Phila- delphia, that is yet standing, and since my memo- ry occupied as a tavern, or house for eating oys- ters. The country did not settle or inijjrove in agriculture as fast as William Penn wished. He only remained in Philadelphia about two years, when he returned again to England. Ho liad heard of some religious sects of people in Germany who had conscientious scruples against bearing arms, and that they were persecuted for their religion. He paid a visit to several parts of Germany, and personally invited them to come and settle in^fiis new country, making to them two special cQincessions. 1. They •i'lould have liberty of conscience in religion. 2. They should be exempt from military re- quisitions : — which hath not been observed. When they began to arrive, or in what num- bers, I have no account before me. Perhaps but few came during the life of William Penn, who intended and prepared to- come to this country a third time, but was struck with the palsy, declined with weakness, and died in the summer of 17^18, aged 72. From the Moravian history it appears that JVazareth and Bethlehem were begun in the year 1740. An'' a h..*e majority of the dcrnian emi- grants were of the Menonist Religion. History says that fifty-three ships' loads of German emi- grants arrived in Philadelphia in one summer. All classes of the inhabita!its considered them au acquisition to the country ; and to encourage the emigration, the benevolent people of all classes contributed largely to render their landing and first accommodations comfortable. The Society of Friends appointed suitable agents to advise and assist them to lands and places of residence ; the wealthy merchants that had large quantities of wild lands, were ambitious who should best accom- modate them, either for ready pay, or on credit; amongst whom William Allen, Chief Justice of the Province, was the most conspicuous. Th« State Legislature tried to put a word in. Amongst the rest I see that the 27th of January, 1750, they passed a law to prohibit importing too many Germans in one vessel, and limit the space for each, as follows : — 1. For every passenger of 14 years, or older, a space of 6 feet long, and 18 inches wide. 2. For all under 14 years of age, two in that space. The war between England and France put a atop to that great flood of emigration ; but th« numbers that came before the war were immense. Jn such a vast multitude, a variety of charac- ter may be expected. Some were men of learn- ing and science ; some could pay for their pas- sage, and for their land ; some paid for their pas- sage, and bought land on credit; such as could not pay their passage were called Redemptioners, and sold for four years for their passage-money. 42 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 28, 1829. The piircliasers were generally the suns of tlie first eini-^rant.s from Eiigliiiid, that knew but little of fanning or garilcriing. The Redernplioners had heen used lo ilig^'ini; their hving out of small l)iece3 of hmd. The |)urchnsers preferred taking u family, man, wife and children ; and I have heard old nn-n .say that their general character was strictly hone.st, industrious, and inoffensive ; that nine times out of ten they knew the business better than their master. The women were labo- rious, skilful gardeners. Although so poor they had hut little to carry. They always took their bundles of garden seeds that they had brought from Germany and greatly improved gardening, both in quality and a greater variety of vegeta- bles. The great emigration frotn Germany before the French war was the making of Pennsylvania. So far, I have written from history and tradi- tion of what ])asscd before my time. If I write again, it will be facts, and my o^^•n observations, by way of reminiscences of the Gcnnan mode of farming, gardening, saving seeds, ^c. Stockport, Pa., lug. 11, 1829. SAMUEL PESTON. inrriie Allowing very valuable communicalioii from an iii- lelli^cnt and (iraciJcal agriculturist, deserves an attentive peru- sal from all who are eng.itfed in agricultural pursuits. Bv the mmie in which stvard land is usually luaua^d, the manure which the turf contains is dissipated — given to llie winds, and dispersed through the atmosplierc, instead of constituting food lor the crops of the owner of the soil. — Ehitor. PLOL'GHING GREENSWARD. Mr Enrroa — Your correspondent " Dorches- ter," in No. 1, vol. 8, of the N. E. Farmer, wish- es for information on the subject of ploughing and managing sward land. The subject is certainly one of great importance to farmers. Coiisiderin the exhausted condition of most of our grounds, and the expense of restoring tliein by the applica- tion of manure, I am surprised that so little atten- tion has been paid to this very essential part of husbandry, even by our most scientific and best practical agriculturists. P>y the usual method of turning up the sward, and then cross ploughing and harrowing, the sods are pushed about by the plough, and draggeil by the harrow, and so ex- posed to the actioji of the sun and winds, that the nutritive matter contained in the roots and lo])s of the grasses is in a great meastire wasted. By this practice, the vegetable matter which was before upon the surface, is brought there again, and the poorer part of tlio soil, which should remain at the top, whcn-by it would be greatly so much beyonilwhat I had calculated, and it satis- fied me of the iieocssity of adopting some plan by which this valuable treasure might be turned lo good account. To make the most of this enor- mous quantity of vegetable matter, as well for the benefit of the immediate crops as for the eventual improvement of the soil, would seem to be an ob- ject worthy the consideration of farmers. My first trial was upon a piece of worn out pasture land. In the month of .\ugust I turned over the sward as evenly as possible, then rolled with a heavy loaded roller. The ground was then harrowed in the same direction as the fur- rows, with a light horse harrow, and then sowed with buckwheat, with red top and henls gra.ss seed. The bush harrow was then drawn over it, and then rolled again. The harrowing was so light, that the sod was not disturbed. — No manure was used. I had a fair crop of buckwheat. The grass seed took well, and looked so i)romising in the spring following, I concluded to mow it. The crop of hay greatly exceeded my expectations, and, as pasture, it has been less affected by drought, and yielded double the quantity of feed for my cattle that it gave before ploughing. The success of this experiment induced me to try another. On the first of May, 1828, I had two acres of sward land, which had been consid- erably cxhatisted by long cropping, yielding less than a ton of red top and herds grass to the acre, turned over ; having a hand occasionally to follow the plough with a hoe, for the ptni)ose of turning over such parts as the plough had missed. The ploughing was from four to six inches deep, vary- ing according to the ilcpth of the .soil, taking care always to go deep enough to bring to the surface a portion of the gravelly and poorer part of the soil. After ploughing, the outside furrow, which was turned out, was taken into the cart, in con- venient pieces, and placed in the vacant space which was left ir the middle of the lot, whereby this space was just filled, and no ridges left on the outside ; the field was then rolled with a heavy roller, and the uneven parts of the sward settled down, and the whole made smooth. It was then harrowed lengthwise the furrows thoroughly with a horse harrow, but so light as not to disturb the sod. Twenty cart loads of coinjiost, made of loam, peat, mud, and stable dung, (a sufficient quantity of the laUer having been mixed to cause the whole mass to ferment.) were then spread benefited and enriched by the fertilizing ])roper- upon the acre. It was again harrowed as before tics of the atmosphero, is returned toils original and, from the evenness of the stu'face, the field position beneath. This is exactly the reverse of imd more the appearance of having been tilled what it should be. Let the roots and tops of the for a number of years. On the sixth of May grasses, together with all the vegetable matter on corn was (ilanted upon the fiirrows in drill.*, par- nnd near the siirfiice, be buried and retained to ferment and decompose, and the poor earth be brought to anil retained upon the surface, where, by culture and exposure to the atmosphere, it will soon become a body of rich iiioiiM. If the result of my own experience will be of any use to your corresponil i — The greater the growth of the roots and l< gall to expand in the swaril, which Imd now be- of grasses al the time of ploughing, th come open and mellow by fermentation, and the pans of soil more minutely divided limn it eotiM liavi" been by the plough or hoc, it assnmnd a hcalihy appearance, and grow inoro vigorously, pcrfi'ci will be the fermenlation, and ihe t-wa by ils incrraseil toughness will be less brokin the plough and harrow. The roller, luadcil heavily as may bo conveniently drawn by Vol. VIII.— No. 6. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 43 ihlili \y 'Oke of oxen should follow the plough, as soon .s may be convenient; this will smooth any nu- venness of surface. Set the furrow slices close Dgetlier, anil tfiereby jtrevent their being torn up 'y the harrow, and also prevent the escape of the asses that are thrown out ])y fermentation. Eve- farmer, who has three acres of ground to till, hould have a roller. One made in two parts is inch preferable to that made hi the usual way. kftcr rolling, harrow with a light harrow — the ■ lore the better, provided the sod be not disturbed, ^he compost should then be spread oa and tlie round again harrowed, when it will be ready to eceive the seed, either corn or potatoes, or the mall grains, with or without grass seed, or grass eed alone. The strength of team should be according to 'lie toughness of the sward, and the depth of loughing. One good yoke of oxen and a horse, hand to hold the plough, and another to drive, vere all that I found requisite to perform my vork. Howard's Plough, with a wrought u'on share nd cast iron mould, I have found to be the best or turning over greensward. It is the only kind f plough, that I have seen, which turns the iirrow flat, without breaking it ; and this circum- tance is owing to the turn of the mould, and its laving a share wide enough to cut just as wide a lice as the mould will completely turn over. As to the number of lands, I would make as BVV as possible, as the more furrow lands a lot is livided into, the more vacant barren spaces will " le left, and the more labor required to fill them. " jo round the whole lot, and when finished, let he outside furrow slice be taken up, in pieces hat may be conveniently handled, put into a cart )r drag, and placed in the vacant space (occasion- ' id by turning the furrows outward) in tiie middle md corners of thO lot. This will leave the whole iinoolh and level, prevent ridges at the sides and nds, and save the necessity of back furrows, ,vhich would give an unevcnness of surface. Lexington, August, 1829. E. P. INSECT IN BARLEY. [Extract of a letter from the Hon. John Merrill, of Newburyport, to the Ed,tor of the New England Farmer, dated Aueust IG, 1829.] The Barley in this neighborhood has yielded a irery small crop — mine not much more than the seed sown, and perhaps not so much. The grain was good, plump and heavy, and some of the heads of good length, but generally very short. Since cutting, I have discovered, as I suppose, the cause of the failure. — Most of the stalks, generally in the second joint, have a number of small worms ; the stalk being punctured has become indurated, and the circulation of the sap prevented, or great- ly impeded. I send you a sample of the straw, and my object in sending it is, that information may be diffused for the benefit of that class of persons who have the greatest interest in knowing the facts. It may be well to be made acquainted with the habits and character of the fly or insect producing these worms, but the most important point to be determined, is, whether the evil is more likely to continue another year, on account of the propagation of the worms tbia season, and whether their ravages may be prevented. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ON RIPENING CURRANTS. Sir — May I be permitted to say one word as to the common currant ? It is so common a fruit, that every man will smile, when any one proposes to say any thing new about it. Yet I say fearless- ly, that the common currant is less known, than any other fruit ; and that it is always eaten un- ript — that the whole croj) is gone before one herrij is ripe. I have now 50 plants full of ripe currants, and they are a delicious fruit. I am not alone in my opinion. In England, they cover their currant bushes with bunting, and preserve them till October. I have excellent currants in September, and they come when no other berries exist — and they come too, at the period of autum- nal diseases, and your physicians will tell yon that their ripened acid is perhaps the best preser- vative, as well as one of the best remedies in the decline of a disease, and in the approaches to a sounder state of health. J. LOWELL. I am induced to give my own name, in these little hints, because we are all pleased to kuow the authority for any opinion, and perhaps the experience of thirty years may be deemed of some little value. These hints may induce others to set aside one portion of their bushes untouched until every currant shall have disappeared from the market. IIow much superior would the wine be from September, or the last of August fruit. Roxbury, August 25, 1829. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. THE THOMERRY MODE OF PRUNING GRAPES. Mr Editok — It seems that the London Horti- cultural Society have introduced into the last number of their Transactions a full account of the Thomerry method of treating grapes — and Mr Loudon lias copied it into his last number of the Gardener's Magazine with praise. He says, " we consider this paper an important one ; indeed, ''i//'"" fhc best, that has yet appeared in this vol- ume of their Transactions. We would recom- mend the young gardener to study it in connec- tion with the method of culture in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. 3, p. 145. In nine cases out of ten the unfruilfulncss of wall trees in this country is owing to the too great depth and richness of the borders, and the continual cropping and digging of their surfaces." — Loudon's Gardener's Maga- zine, for June, 1829. Figures are given by Loudon of the Thomerry mode of training, which grove, that Mr Dean's sketches, left at the New England Farmer office, were correct. It is some satisfaction to perceive that the English cultivators, appreciate, as highly as we did, the Thomerry practice. If we are ever to raise the European grapes freely in our country, it must be by short pruning, for if in France, (that favored country of the vine,) such a method has been found best, it must be more necessary in one, where the foreign grape ripens with so much difficulty. Let it not be said, that some gentlemen ripen grapes easily on the old plans ; we all know, that these are exceptions, due to personal skill and science, and not applica- ble to general culture. Mr Dean is entitled to the credit of appreciating this mode of culture, two years before it was noticed in England ; and it was on his suggestion, that I published it. J. LOWELL. N. B. It is a striking proof of the increased attention to Horticulture, that we are able in Au- gust to lay before the public, articles published in London in the June preceding. J. L. Roxbury, August 25, 1829. ON IMPROVING VARIETIES OP FRUITS. M. Poiteau, a writer in the Annals of the Paris Horticultural Society observes in substance, that it is but rarely that improved varieties of our na- tive fruits originate with nursery-men ; they are generally the productions of chance, found in the woods or hedges, from distant corners of provin- ces, where the finer sorts are hardly known, and where the sorts they have are mismanaged or neglected. That " like begets or produces like" has long been considered as a law of nature among animals and some vegetables ; but this law is not always uniform, especially among do- mesticated animals or highly cultivated jilants. Yet, on this princijile, our nursery-men have acted in their endeavors to obtain better kinds of fruit, by sowing seed of the best, in the hope that they would raise something still better. It is well known that in this process they have failed. The celebrated Duhamcl and his cotemporaries fliiled in the same way. From these and other instan- ces, the author concludes that ])ractitioners are wrong in their expectations of obtaining at once, what can only be the result of time. He seems to infer that seedlings, apples or pears, for exam- ple, require some years, and some cultivation, while they are passing from one stage of their infancy to another, before they can show their in- herent quahtics. After noticing the fact proved by Mr Knight, P. H. S., thirt a crab, fecundated by the pollen of a good fruit, produces better kinds from seeds than can be had from seeds of improved fruit, he proceeds to describe the method pursued by the Flemish orchardists, td obtain new sorts, and which is given on the authority of M. Van Mons. The Belgians, he says, do not prefer the seeds of ameliorated fruit. When the seedlings appear, they do not, as others do, choose such only as are free from spines, having large leaves, and remark- able for the thickness and beauty of their wood ; but on the contrary, such as are most spinous, provided the spines are long, and well furnished with buds or eyes, placed near together. This last circumstance they consider as an indication that they will soon show fruit. Individuals hav- ing such properties are grafted, apples on para- dise, and pears on quince, stocks, to hasten fructi- fication. The first fruits of these grafts are gen- erally bad ; but whatever they are, the seeds are carefully saved and sowed. The second genera- tion, treated in hke manner, begins to show im- provement. Through a third and fourth, the process is continued, till they arrive at a point, which gives fruit worthy of being preserved. Peaches and apricots, treated in the same way, yield excellent fruit the third generation ; apples require four or five, and the pear about six transi- tions. PRESERVIN© SWEET POTATOES. At a meeting of the Horticultural Society of Paris, M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, stated, and the fact was confirmed by M. Lacroix, that ex- posing the tubers of the sweet potato to a dry air, like fruit in a fruit room, had succeeded bet., ter in preserving them than any other method. OIL FROM THE SUNFLOWER. A very delicate oil, much used in Russian cook- ery, is expressed from the seeds of the sunflower, and is prepared by enclosing them in bags, and steeping them in warm water, after which the oil is expressed.; this is actually as sweet as butter. 4i NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 28, 1829. Further erlrarttfrom tlit PamphlH n/ the EtMX^AgrieiiJtural poT.\'r(M\S. 1. For lli« bcsl i-umlucleil expcriniciil in tlic rftisini,' of |)oljitoe5i, on not li'ss lliuii lialt' un iicro of Iniiil, having rcguril lo quHiitity ami (|iiality ; a (lutuilL'tl Hlulenibut of wliirli is to he furni^hcil iht; Coniniitteo in writing, - fifteen dollars. For the next best do. do. - ten dollars. 2. For the hcst condiirled experiment in the raising' ol" I'olatoe:*, from the seed of the a|i|iles or green halls — samples of not less than four <]uarts from each seed, of tlie second year's growth, and the produce of not less than twelve seeds, to be produced at the Society's exhibition in 1829, .... ten dollars. For tho next do. do. - five dollars. Remarks on raising Potatoes from the Seed, by Col. Pickering. To prevent errors and mistakes in prosecuting experiments, every intended claimant is desired to take notice — 1. That seeing the seeds in the same ball will produce various sorts of potatoes, it will be indi.s- pen ably necessary that each yoiin^' plant grows at the distance of eight or ten inches from any other. 2. That in auturnn, or as soon as the vines, or stems of the planis die, and the young potatoes are dug up, those of each plant are to bo saved by themselves ; and it will be easy to put each sort in a separate paper bag. These potatoes will be very small, perhaps from the size of a pigeon's down to that of a sparrow's egg. 3. In the ensuing spring, the potatoes of each sort, that is, the potatoes in each bag, must be planted by themselves; and if not in distinct rows, then stakes, driven into the ground, should mark the divisions of the several sorts in the same row, leaving a space of about two (eet between one sort and another, to guard against any mixture. 4. In the time for harvesting them in the second year, the potatoes, if grown in a good soil, will be large enough to be boiled, to ascertain their qualities. Each sort may be tried by itself Such as are watery, or ill-flavored, must be at once thrown aside, for the use of live stock. Every other .sort, so valuable as to be thought worth cultivating, must bo kept unmixed, by put- ting each kind into a separate bag, box, or cask. And such of these as the experimenter thinks' Diay fairly entitle him to a premium, he will bring a sample of — not less than half a ])cck of each sort — to the place of public exhibition. Perhaps it may be thought that the exactness above proposed and required is unnecessary. But let it be recollected, that tliise experiments are proposed, not to gratify curiosity, but to obtain several sorts of potatoes, of superior excellence, to be imparted from farmer to fanner, throughout the county ; of whom some may prefer one im- proved sort, soirie another, for their own tables, and to supply their customers in the market towns, who itiay have like preferences. Snc-h exactness in ki'C| tie and sheep, was to render his animals mo* ^i profitable in beef and mutton. .\iu\ he succeedei .itKti in obtaining foreiis indicating strength ofconstitutiot ii0 — a disposition to fatten, ami at an early age — ictighi ^ i iness in the most valuable parts — tcith lightness O ^ il offals. If there was u deficiency in any point, hi k would cross his animal with one that was ampi; ^'. ence of eminent English farmers and breederw *-" merit the particular attention of all who shall at- trnied. ■ The known excellency of some oxen and cows, of our notive breed, give assurance to judicious and' enterprising farmers, that their nimibers may hm '■■ multiplied by ohsi^rving the well-tried rules oil ' breedioft. ) i' The best hulls and cows do not always pr (luce a progeny eipnil to the parents ; hut cxj: rienco has shown, that from such only the highe iinprovoinouts may be expected. The saml ^ol. Vin.— No. 6. AJND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 45 rvation applies to all other kinds of live st^pk. irmers who shall effect great improveiiieiits stock, while they render a lasting benefit cir country, will lay a foundation for a • .i u i ■,..,. j„„. ,p„, „ , ', ,, . * !„ ' 7 "^ I l«ast sour, and m the coldest weather mdk shou d doubtful whether things wdl remam {)recisely as and absorbs all putrid exiialations so effoctiiallj, that the utmost pm-Jty is restored to the atmos phere. A pound of the Chloride of Liine, which costs only one shilhng, he found sufficient in his experiment ; and the effect of it will last two or three weeks. In the hot season it is highly Im- poitaut. — A*. }■. Daily Mv. Rules for making good Butter If y(jiu have four or five cows, it is best to churn every day; and by no means less freipiently than every other day. If you cannot churn every day, throw into the cream, when gathered, a handful of nice salt. In very warm weather, when milk sours soon, put two heaping table-spoonfulls of salt into every |)ailof milk, before straining. The quantity as well as the quality of butter is greatly improved by this method. If you have ice, put a small piece iti every pan of milk, and also into the cream when you churn. If you have no ice, put the cream into a pail, and hang it in the well twelve hours before churning. In the warm season, cream should be skimmed as soon as it is in the 'ghtingale. — The editor of the Boston Palla- in the account of his visit to the Shakers, re- sthaf'the nightingale was pouring a plaintive through an adjacent grove." Is he not mis- ? is not this bird, so celebrated for the soft- mellowness and duration of its warble, a gar to the United States ? The name of :ingale may have been improperly applied to ■ species of birds, whose tuneful notes are what remarkable, but we believe that the lightingale, (?notacilla luscinia,) is limited to d continent. The ancient and modern Euro- have related many wonderful things of this songster. It is said to sing in unison with ute or the lyre, to fill a circle a mile in diam- ivith its melody, and to change its notes with icb judgment as to produce the most pleasing ty.~ — Ibid. igland. — A London correspondent of the . Commercial Advertiser, says the growth of gality and extravagance in the higher classes s to keep pace with that of distress in the Persons in America can form no coiicep- f the ])itch to which luxury has arrived in and ; those who give the tone to the fashion- world, almost equal the orientals in luxury sxtravagance, and their vices are enormous ; displaying their costly liveries, equipages, they are now, in these particulars, another twelve month. The products of the earth the present year promise to be abundant beyond example. From Quebec to New Orleans the accounts agree in representing the crops of every description to be uncommonly thrifty and large. We have seen it estimated that there will be a quarter more flour manufactured in the Uni- ted States this year, than there ever has been any year before. All this must of course depress the prices ; but not so much perhaps as to make the whole income from a farm very much less than it has been, although the buyer, who is in other business, will pay less than he has done for the same articles. He may, therefore, be benefit- ed, if the farmer is not proportionably injured by a reduction of prices. These observations are intended to apply particularly to this portion of the country, and would not perhaps be equally aj)plicable to the cotton and wool growing dis- tricts of the United States. — Taunton Reporter. Franklin, Pa. July 28. The Crops. —Wheat and rye in this county, are supposed to be better the present season than they have been before ; they are thicker on the ground, and yield much better. To give an example of the yield, Mr Daniel Smith, of Rockland town- shi|), a few days since threshed seven dozen and two sheaves of wheat, out of which he measured six bushels ; and he states that 2 or 3 quarts at least, went to fill the small crevices about the floor and walls. We have heard of several other similar trials of the present crop of wheat. After supplying all our iron works at home, we shall have considerable surplus [iroduce to send abroad. Corn, Buck wheat and oats promise also to be very productive this season, and fruits of all kinds are more abundant than they have ever been known — almost every apple and peach tree is now bending under the weight of its fruit. Chloride of Lime. — A gentleman who has been induced to make an experiment with Chloride of Lime, in consequence of seeing a recommenda- tion of it in Mr Silliman's Journal of Science and \rts, for the abatement of nuisances, has request- ed us to direct the attention of our readers to it. It corrects the most impure air in a few minutes. not stand more that thirty-six or foity-eight hours. The utmost care should be taken to keep every article used in making butter, perfectly sweet, by frequent and thorough scalding. Journal of Hu- manity. Perpetual Motion. — We were much gratified yesterday with the result of an examination of a self-moving machine, which may be seen at Bowls- by's Merchants' Hotel, in State street, and which the inventor calls a perpetual motion. And we have no doubt of its being Nearer a perpetual self-moving principle than any invention which has preceded it, and as near as any we ever shall see. Its great merit, aside from its practical uses, is its simplicity, and the certainty and readiness with which you perceive that it covers no trick or deception. It is little else than an illustration of one of the most obvious lavis of nature. The agent is the atmospheric air, bearing directly, by means of perpendicular boxes and oblique tubes, upon the buckets of a wheel, which is propelled with greater or less velocity ; but which is constantly propelled, and " will con- ,tiiuie to run without the possibility of cessation, whilst the materials of which it is formed last, and the present laws of nature cojitinue." The inventor is Mr Richard Van Dyke, of Or- leans county, in this state, who gives it as the re- sult of five or six years' a|)plication to the subject. He is a venerable man> communicative and intel- ligent, and described as highly respectable by seve- ral citizens of the west, on whose representations entire reliance may be placed. He affects bo mystery ; but clearly and satisfactorily explains the arcana of the machine. — Mbany Argus. The Norfolk Herald republishes the following recipe for Dyspepsia: — "One pint of hickory ashes, one quart of boil- ing water, and a tea cup of soot. Let it staud twenty-four hours, strain and bottle it." And subjoins : — We have ourselves witnessed the eflicaey of the recipe, (without the soot, however,) and e«n testify to the fact, that it was the means of resto»- ing more than one of our acquaintances afflicted with dyspepsia in its worst character, to a sound and healthful state. — The decoction of ley from hickory ashes is entirely tasteless, and what msy 46 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Aug. 29, 182} H-^ a|>|>car very strange, lias the effeci of neutralizing every lii)uiil witli which it is iiiixcd, even anient s|iirits. This is a tact, try it as you will. — JVew Jersei/ Adv. GRAFTING PEARS AND APPLES. Peiirs may be grafted on stocks of tlie Mountain Ash ami the i-ervic; tree, hoth of which will grow ami thrive where pciir stocks wouM not. I have also seen apples grafted on quince stocks, and planted in a soil so wet that an ajjple could not live ; but they are doing very well, and making exceedingly tine shoots. Itusticus in L'rbr, tii Loudon's .Magazine. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1829. CONDUCTORS OF LIGHTNING. The many accidents which, at this time of the yoar, occur almost daily, in conscijuence of dis- 'chargps from the great natural batteries of elec- tricity, with whicli the atmosphere is replete during tlio summer months, render the means of obviating the more dangerous effects of such disdiarges a .subject not merely of interesting, but of anxious inquiry. It appears to us that some useful infor- mation relative to this object may be obtained from a circumstantial and scientific account of the de- scent of lightning on Mr J. G. Carter's hou.se in Lancaster, Mass. furnished by Mr Carter himself, and published in a late Lancaster Gazette. This account states, that " The house had, at- tached to -one of its chimneys on the northern as- pect, a conductor of the usual form, extending about four feet above the top of the bricks : this was fastened at the top of the chimney by a thin strip of iron, hugging it close, and interlocking with the bricks. At the roof the conductor was bent to fit that jiart of it which was outside of tlio chimney, being about two feet. Here an iron staple of four or five inches in length, enclosing the conductor, was driven into a block of maple wood of about the thickness of the length of the staple, which block was nailed to the roof of the house with nails of sufficient length to hold it fast. From the roof the conductor i)assed down with- out touching the body of the house, and entered flic ground the usual depth. " From a caroful examination of the effects of the discharge the following is supposed to have been its courtc. Although the body of the house is spacious and presented to the cloud coming over it three other larger chinmeys than the one to which the conductor was attached, and of cipial height with it, from one of which a smoke was is- suing at the time, the points seem to have done what was expected of them in gathering the whole charge. It apparently pas.sed down without in- turruption to the staple on the roof, where the con- ductor being less perfect on account of the oxide accumulated by the .s])atturing of water from the shingles it scpariited. A part followed the con- ductor to within a few feet of the ground, where it diviiled again, one branch striking the ground by the nearest direction, the other following the roil to where it entered tlie earth, disi)laced the stones around it, and pas.-ieil olf without leaving any Other marks of its progress. Not so with the part which followed the staple at the roof; this part of the charge diaplactd the maplt block to which Iht conductor was fastined, and entered the roof rending the shingles somewhat, though not so < much as one would have sujiposcd it must, from its effects below. " After entering the roof no marks of its pro- j gress are visible till it reached the horizontal tiin- , bers of the chamber door. Here this branch ^ seemed again to divide ; one part followed the per- 1 pendieular limbers, drawing every board nail for , the space of ten feet from the chamber floor to the sill, and breaking some of the studs. Some of the boards and clapboards were (juite thrown off from the corner of the house, and the whole started out from the timbers two or three inches. At the sill some of this part of the charge took the ground, i where its marks may be traced several feet to a wet spot at the mouth of the kitchen drain ; the rest took the cellar wall and moved a part of it in- ward two or three inches, throwing out the lime i in which it was laid. | " At the chamber floor, the branch of the charge ) which followed the horizontal timbers, crossed on them the room occupied for a stuily, where several of the family had been all the forenoon, and where they would have again been in a few minutes, and loosened the upper ceiling so that some of it fell ', to the floor. On the side of the room opposite to I the chimney was a wire communicating with a bell. The electricity found this and followed it, i destroying it as it went across the ent.'y to the bell, which it put in motion, and thence it took the , wire, leading through a long entiT to the parlor, doing no damage but consuming the wire. Just | before entering the parlor the wire jiasscd through • a ceiling, and here the casings of a door were 1 shivered to pieces. Where the wire to which the ^ bell rope was attached entered the parlor, the • casings of another door were torn oil", and thrown | across thcrooin, a distance of 18 feet. After pass- j ing down the ca.sjngs of these two doors, which i stand \ery near to each other, these two streams , seem to have united themselves. They followed i for a few feet a row of nails fastening to the entry lloor an oil cloth carpet, which, being a poor con- | ductor, was much torn: this part of the charge,] which had pcrformeil a circuit of more than fifly feet in the house around and among us, then pass- ed through the lower floor, and dislodging the eel- 1 Inr door in its progress, entered the ground in the cellar nearly under llie centre of the house." The above fm-nishes facts of considerable ini- i portancc for elucidating the laws of electricity, ! and teaching mankind how to defend their habita- tions against this mysterious and terrible agent. It proves that wood interpo.sed between a lightning rod, and the building, which it is wished to pro- tect, is not a sure defence. "A ))art of the charge," as stated above, "disi)laced the maple block to which the' conductor wos fastened, and entered the roof," &c. We, likewise, find tliat the electric lluid followed perpendicular and horizontal lim- bers, which is i)roof that wood has some power as a conductor of liglitniiig. Now if these premises are con-ect, it follows that the mode of connecting lightning rods to buildings by wooden cramps in- stead of iron' staples (thout'li wood is doubtless, of the two to be preferred) is not uncxceptionablo. The method, which it appears to us ought to su- persede all others, is that invented (and we believe imtenteil) by Messrs U. Brown and G. W. Robin- son, of Providence, R. I. This consists simply in placing blocks of glass firmly between the con- ducting rods and the roofs anil sides of buildings. Two metallic staples with bolt heads are insened about half way into the glass, while in a state of fusion, so that when the glass cools the bolt | of the staples are held fast and solid, leavj tfBi thickness of two or three inches of solid . tf^' between the building and rods. Small ov bars arc placed over the rods and secured bjr whicli hold them fast in grooves made in middle of the gl.nss blocks. The block of may be easily fitted to oiiy building, old or and preseuts a barrier, which the electric will never |iass. Blocks of glass, of this det lii lion may be hud at the Agricultural Estal nient of J. R. Newell, No. 52, North Mi street, Boston. The following directions resjiectiiig the striiction and application of conductors, are writer whose remarks were first published in^i Boston Recorder, and afterwards reiiublish the New England Farmer, vol. 2, p. 77. " The rod should be made of round si iron at least three quarters of an inch in diaoT^r,.: and when it can be conveniently done, inst«t i"?- linking should be smoothly welded together when by reason of length or otherwise, it i convenient to weld the whole rod, let it be sin ly connected by screwing the end of one pai to the end of another. There should he fr more points, one in the centre, perpendicular the others oblique. They should be filed sharp blender point, and tipped with silver. )ioints should be elevated at least five or sii above the highest part of the building. The tomof therodshouldgoiiito the earth six or 4 feet, and terminate in a bed of two or three 1 els of wet charcoal. The wet coal, covered earth, will probably retain dampness lui _ r any other substance. "A conductor constructed and put up.:.roi to the above directions, will perfectly sf cii building for twenty feet on everj' side. W'h building is more than forty feet long, for pti^:. security, there should be two or more rods, lating one rod for every forty feet." 50TANY, HORTICULTIbJ CPERLMENTS, &c. h p-atified lo find, hy ilic followioj »■"" sofa highly respcclable Insiinu . '■ p MEDICAL BOT.' EXPER IJj'We are much from the proceeding genlleniaii, every way competent to the lask, has ed to make our paper (lie vehicle of imporlanl ii the liealiugart, aud a channel for tlie comniuun :j useful kuowledge, which is ihc object of iho reso!.:. . n below. At a meeting of the Board of J'isitors ■; '' t sachxtsclts Professorship of .\'atural //k ' , August S, 1820, VoTF.t), That the Curator of the Botanic den be requested to publish in the New K>oi Farmer, the results of any experiments ho have made in the raising of valuable nudii and other plants, not generally cultivateil in England, and especially such as are now impt by druggists, and are costly, but which niaj easily and extensively raised in this pan of United States ; and that he state particularly circumstances in regard to the choice of soil situation which may be important. And also he be requested to communicate from time to to the public, through the same pa|>cr, nnv b cultural exjicriiuents of his own, or any infoi^ lion he may possess, the communication o!" w' in his opinion would bo useful, and that ihit* done under his own name as Curator of the* tanic Garden, (From the records.) BENJ. GllLD, Set t oI.VIII.— No.O. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 47 drove of about 100 fine mules recently ar- at Baltimore from Kentucky, and were sold r prices — $75 being the lowest sum paid for ine. is in contemplation to change the color of rench uniform from blue to red, by which a g, it is said, of l,oOO,OOOf will be effected, great quantities is madder, with which the dyed, produced in France. ssachusetts Horticultural Society. — The exhibi- f Fruiti and Flowere at the Hall of the Society, on lay last, was uiicoinmonly fine. — Among others, the following ; — m the garden of the Hon. John Lowell, speci- of JV^ative soil. ^iana (Dahlia) — double blush, very fine, Mexico. lanthus coccineus. Cape of Good Hope. rocallis japonica. (alba) Japan. damascena. (twice flowering) Syria. bergia data, (climbing; rare) East Indies. siilero lanccolata. New Holland. nelina Iit6erosrous ' her daughter, and all the other ladies, whose f times conn; to the poor, liny grow rich rapidly, bad converted the gay neighborhood of Grave because of their habits — when bad times come to into a den of wo, were compelled to " go the rich, they grow j>oor rapidly, because of their way ;" for that they had a "holy call," and i habits. By habiu are meant tliosi- of ap[ilicatioii, set off to Ashton-imdcr-Line, there to meet ex|ii-iise, and respect to small earnings and savings, be present at the coming of Joanna Southc Ilubils, then, should not be min-b changed on \oiing Shiloh, who, as foretold by the Southct account of prosperity. This is important to the , prophets, was to arrive there on a given day. man, and a blessing as an example. Luxuries tir a little further inventigation, the husbam Ifciiir and ornaments should not be consiilered necessa- ' those devout ladies discovered that the lot rie.s, extravagance the basis of respect, nor idle- their wives was not the greatest they had stis ness happiness. How is it that the children of ed, for that, in order to make suitable offei the rich grow poor, and the children of the poor, and prcsenis to the great little :;hilob, as dire grow rich ?'^ 1 by the prophetic elders ^nd fathers of the The happiness of a country tloes not depend *^'"'' '.'"'j' '""'' ^'■''"'''' sl'eNtartod, provide.l on the circumstance of the inhabitants being few ''''"^ "■"'' " considerable supply of nione> or many, but on the i)roportion which they bear "''"■'' *''" '""^ disencumbered her busbf to the supply of necessaries,, conveniences and "'"''•'' ""'' ''"'>' <'a"'^''' carrying with her no enjoyments at their disposal. A nation having " ''"'"' '''"" ^■'^^- ^"'' "^ ''"* 'i" < '"'", as only ten millions of people, might bo decidedly ""''*'' ''"' ■•^"^^'■ifice the greater, and the more more powerful than a nation with twenty millions, '■''l"'>''''= '» -Shiloh, every one of these female if they were less instructed, less indu.strious, or i "'""■" ''^'^ '"'''" '"''«'' '"'"''>' "f joung chil less rich. But, other things being the same, there j bcl'i'iJ, to take care of themselves, while she can be no doubt that the political power and im- portance of a nation will be m a very greet de gree dependent on the amount of its population The Three Teachers. — To my question, how he could, at his age, have mastered so many attain- ments, his reply was, that with his three teachers, "everything might be learned, common sense alone excepted, the iieculiar and rarest gift of Providence." These three teachers were. Neces- sity, Habit, and Time. At his starting in life. Necessity had told him that if he hoped to live, he must labor; Habit had turned the labor into an indulgence ; and Time gave every man an hour for everything, unless he chose to yawn it away. .1 Mirror for ranily.—Q,tieen Elizabeth, admi- ring the elegance of the Mnrijuis dc Villa de .Me- iliana, a Spanish nobleman, complimented him on it, begging at the same time to know who pos- sessed the heart of so accompli.shed a cavalier .' " Madam," said he, " a lover risks too much on such an occasion, but your Majesty's will is a law. Excuse me, however, if I fear to name her, but request your Majesty's acceptance of her portrait." He sent Iter a looking-glass ! j dies, and supplies pap to Master t^hiloh, at I ton-under-Line. Slratcberry Plants. For sale at Ihe Brighton Nur-cry iiKJO planU of ihe I'io pie Silrawbcny, in line order lor tran-:plaiitiiig — at S"i- 100— .T7 1-2 CI-. per lioz. Also, W'ilmol's Su|K;rh, Alpine, berry. Haulbois, Dowuton. Jcc. Orders for ihe above n dirncied In J. B. KlssELi,, Seed Store, 5:! North Sl.irk Boston, where the planus will be delivered, free of cli^irj transportation. The plants are packed ia moss for irajisi lion to any pari of the u n ion Tulip Roots. For sale at the Seed Store ronnccled with the New E Farmer, 5Z iVorih .Market sireel. A line collection of Onich Tulip Roots, of bright red. ye r/. wbiic. pink, anil splendid variegated colors, at aI.OO i»-- • -l2l-'2cHsingle. ° if ' *> ' » .Yotice. Subscribers to the New England Farmer ait! inform hey can have iheir volumes neatly and failhlullv liuil iiiil lettered, at 75 els per volume, by leaving ihein jVtw China Tea Set.i, and light blue Binnr Keteivi-d. a great variety of the above ; whuh. wii pleie asborinient of Crockerv. China, ftnd Gloss \\ ar fercd lor snle, low, at No. 4 l>»ck Snuare. Powder at 2s per lb. DUrONTS POWDER, qualiiv «an-anlod, for CoDf-limil's Aiiiiiamilitm SlKn, r.5Tfiroad st. at M^il SHOT, CAfS, &c. ol &.ett!l ijiiMu— cheap for c.nsh. Tail Akadow~Oat GrasTSttd. This dav received at the New England Farmer Seed S 52 North Slarkel sireel, 20 bushels of 'Jail Sleadi Seed, at iCi.OO per bushel English Fanatics. — A London paper gives the following account of the doings of some of the followers of Joanna Southcote. Joa.ina nppeare.l Also. WImc AJulberry Seed. 30 cts per ounce.Luceii. m England as a prophetess some years ago, and or French Clover, White and Red Clover, Sanfoin, 1 fc, like our Jemima Wilkinson, had dreams, visions, """ """' """ - "-" .. . „ revelations, S^c. Tho town and neighborhood of Gravesend, Northflcct, &c., have for gome days past been thrown into a state of the utmost constornation and alarm by the suihlon disappearance, all as it seems on tho same day and hour, of tho wives of several of the most rcspeilable Irndei-ppople in that part of the country, from their families and homes, without any assignnblo cause for their flight, or the slightest clue, for several days, to their object, or the place of their destination. In- quiries and search were in vain'made in all quar- ters to discover their retreat, or if any accident had befallen them, until at last, one of the tltscrt- ed husbands, bethought him of a journey into Hertfordshire, where his wife's mother resided, to try if he could learn any tidings of his rib there ; nor was he disai)pointud in his hopes, for on ques- tioning the old lady, ili« told bim very coolly, that othy, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Herds Grass, Sic .Igricultural Books. The third edition of FesaenJen's .AVtc .Imrriean I dener ; this work has been protiounced bv tin n ..-t dicious horticiillurisls in New EnuLind and it.. : ,i states, to be the best treatise on Fruit Trees, \ . . ; :' Grape Vines, &c., to be found in this couiiu . p «1,25. ' Tho Young Gardener's Assistant, containing P i for the cultivation of Culinary Vegetables, and (i : ,-.„ al Flowers. By T. Bridgetiian, gardener. New \ or price 37 1-2 cts. A practical Treatise on the ^^anagcInont of Hccs; the Mauagetnoul of Apiaries, >f ith Ihe best nielho.! nl't troying and prcnenling the depredations of the H. <■ Mi By James Thuchtir, M. D.— price 75 cts. Published every Friday, at J;i per annum, p.n.' end of Ike vetvr— hul those who pny wiihin sijiv il!n lime of »ub>cribiug. are inlitl«llo a deduction of fun , . Brr No paper will ho sent to udistance without p;i\ i: ing matle in ndvauce. Primed for J. II. Ris^iM.. by I. R. BfTTs-lv wM a\\ drscripliiins of I'riiiliitg can be execule At, Published by John B. Russell, at JVo. 52 JVortT Market Slnet, (at the Agricultural Ifarchouse) Thomas G. Fessendek, Editor. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1829. No. 7. AGRICULTURE. PONDS. Pastures that are destitute of water, should e artificial ponds made iii them, for watering ces. " Observe wliere rushes, reeds, flags, and ler aquatic plants grow spontaneously ; or lere froj^'s are observed to lie squatted down se to the ground in order to receive its moist- Or observe where a vapor is frequently seen •ise from the same spot. Some say, wherever le swarras of flies are seen constantly flying in same place, and near the ground, in the niorn- , alter sunrise, there is water underneath." f a well is made in a sloping ground, and the livity is sufficient to give it a horizontal vent, v\\{ be worth the husbandman's while to dio- h a jiassage, and by means of jiipcs, or any er conveyance, to carry the water across the It soil, through which it might otherwise sink. | e greatest quantity of water will be obtained this manner, because there will be a continual iatn." There is no difliculty in making a dura- pond in a clayey soil. Let a large hollow ba- be made in such earth, and it will preserve the of the peas was not removed till the beginning of ter that falls in rain, jjut it is apt" to be thick | I'Pceniber, when the gooseberries were discovered » I dirty, if some pains be not taken to prevent I 'i'"-"?''? on the hush in the greatest perfection. Peihaps this is too in.irtificial a method to be rec into the earth through the bottom of the cellar, fgant mode. Pare the roots, and cut them into till a scurf is formed on the bottom that will stop I slices somewhat less than a quarter of an inch in the water from soaking into the earth. This scurf! thickness ; then boil them gently till they are ten- shoulJ be broken from time to time, and taken away with a long handled hoe. Or, the cellar may be filled up with refuse stones, which I thi*k is preferable to the other method. • lahe pond should not then beconse sufficiently dry, i small ditch should be drawn round it, and disclarge itself into the cellar. The land that is thus gained will be rich muck, nuich of which may be carted away for manure ; and common cartk, or sand, may replace it, without detriment to tlie soil. — Deane. Rdarding Gooseberries — A gentleman who has a garlen in a high and rather late part of this district, sowed a crop of a tall kind of pea imme- diately bordering on some gooseberry bushes. Fro!ii Jcficiency in the length of the stakes, the peas, after they had attained a certain height, fell over jnd completely covered one gooseberry bush, which was thus buried and lost sight of at the time tie fruit of the others was ripe. The haulm The declivity by which the cattle enter, should paved, and gravefshould be spread on the bot- Or it might be better if the whole were 'ed. " There are many large natural ponds, which e outlets in one |)art, and are supplied by oks or rivers in other parts ; but a greater nber of smaller ])onds which are perfectly rnant, unless when they are agitated by winds. ■h jionds as the latter, in hot seasons, are apt Jecome jjutrid, and contaminate the air about For this reason they should, if possible, drained. And when the water is not deep, and outlet can be made without too nuich cost, y should be drained for the sake of reclaiming This will be of great value, as it com- nly is found to be extremely rich, being made of the finest particles of soil, wafted into them winds, and of decayed vegetable substances, ides the fine mould washed into them by rains. dany farms contain little sunken spots, which most of the year covered with water, and rluce some aquatic bushes and v^'eeds. These notorious harbors for frogs; and are therefore od frog-ponds. They should be drained, if it |ira'ARMKK. IIORTICULTUR.VL FESTIVAL. The Anniversary Celebration of the INIassaciid- sETTs IIoaTicULTURAi. SociF.TY, it is expected, will occur on the 19th of the present month. Ar- rangements will he originated at the stated .Tieet- ing to be held on Saturday, (tomorrow) nt the Halt of the Society, being the 5ih instant, and it is desi- rable that the several standing conmiiltecs, or the chairman of each, should be present on the occa- >ion. Thus far, the hopes of the founders of the So- ciety have been fully realized. The weekly exhi- bitions of fruits, and vegetables, aiul flowers, at the Hall, have shown not only, that " more could have been done, if more had been required," but that the taste, and industry and |)ersevcrancc ol our amateur cultivators, as well as of the practical, are in a highly progressive slate of improvement, and that even slioidd they make no farther advan- ces, they may with siilisfaction repose upon the Hurcess of ilu'ir past efforts. We hope to see at the approaching festival an attramive display of the useful and ornamental productions of the garden, anil of the field ; and if we arc t.m greatly mistaken, we shall jiroilucc Bomelhing for the occasion to satisfy the commu- nity, that the exertions of the Society have accom- plished so mucii, as to warrant the belief, that its Continued cflbrts will be crowned with complete 'uccess. (_\ norchealer Sept. 4, 1829. Hones. — ,\ conmiercial friend has fiirnished us with a \\>t of 2 I vessels which arriv.dat Hull, Kng. from dillerent ports of the iN'cthcrliincis and Ger- many, brtweeiitlu^ Kitliand 2Gthof June inclusive, with an aggregate of 1303 tons of attlles' bones, be- sides 39.50 shank bones. They are tin n ground uj), and afterwards iiiied as mamire. \\ C understand ihal n sKip ch'areil fron. this port rrcss, or the exclusive right for a tc "* county, or state, can learn the terms, on appli «■( tion, in writing or otherwise, to the subscriber Easton, Bristol County, Mas.s. ^.l!;; the rope O being fiislcned to the ends of said le vers, anil passing over the pulleys 1', and round Ihe winillass CJ, which is turned by a rope fastened to the wheel K. The moveable ero.ss piece S, on which the ]ilungers I press, has dogs on the enrls, which catch into a piece with notches in il, fastened to the inside of the posts. The subscriber has the utmost confiilence in the suiccssfiil operation of thn press which ho has invenled. It is enliiely new, and different in its operation from any presd for this purpose, which DANir.L REEDpn^ This may certify that 1 have lately built a Ci Press, invented by iMr Da.mfl Reed, of East which I think is powerful in its tipcration, ea; and .safi'ly uwinagcd, anil so simple in its coiistr tion as nut to be liable to require much repair. Mansfield, May 25, 1829. JACOB DEANE Certificate ii/ Roland Iloicard, Esq. President of Bristol Counti/ .If^ricultural Society This may certify that I have recently cxamir a Cider Press, the model of which was inv by Mr Daniel Reeo, which in my opinion p mises superior advantages to any other press he lofore in use within my knowledge, either a: spcets the aispliealion of power, facility and spateh in business, sim|)licily of construction, ire safely in its niaiiugement, and its not bci liable ollen to ncril repair. Kaslon.May 19, 1829. ROLAND HOW AKI Vol.Vnt.— No.7- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 51 vigorous growth. I should think this summer pear, on account of its good quuMties and recent origin, worthy of reconnnending to our nurserie and the puhlic. It is in eating by the middle of August, being a little sooner than the old kind, which has been declining for some years, although it has done better this season. This I'ear may with propriety be called the Clapp Pear, from the proprietor, Ca])t. William Clapp, who has raised it. The above description is taken from the fruit plucked a day or two before ripe on the tree, and softened in the house. NATIVE SEEDLING PEAR. Mr Editor — In compliance with your request, end you a description, with the outlines of the pp Pear. The cut gives the correct outlines of form and size. Since the pear was examined the Hall of the Society, 15th August, I have n some scions of the tree, which were grafted .fear from last April; the growth was very at, from five to seven feet in height, and from r to five inches round : but notwithstanding the id growth the last season, followed by so severe inter, the whole of the scion remained unin- d from the cold. The tree, at this early period he season, is nearly leafless, and the leaves on scions are turuhig yellow and commence fall- S. DOWNER. Jorchester, Aug. 24, 1829. From ihe Gardener's .Magazine. On the Culture of the Sweet Potato, (Convolvulus Batatas,) as practised in the neighborhood ofj^ttio York. By 15. W. Strong, Esq. Comnninica- ted by Messrs G. Thorburn and Son, Nursery- men, New York. Sir — We subjoin a f«w remarks on the culti- vatio.i of this plant, as communicated to us by a friend on Long Island, B. W. Strong, Esq., a gen- tleman who is unwearied in his exertions to im- prove the quality of the vegetables cultivated for the New York market. '• Good crops of sweet potatoes may be raised in the neighborhood of New York, by a little at- tention to the nature of the plants. Sweet pota- toes are produced from the joints of the vine, and not from tlie old potato. To make them fruitful, these joints must be covered with earth, and the potato forms there. Towards the end of Apiil, make a hotbed of horse manure, about 18 inches thick ; on the manure put 3 inches of earth ; on this earth plant the seed potatoes 3 inches apart, and cover them four inches deep with earth ; when the sprouts they send up are 3 inches above the ground, draw them out with the hand, and trans- plant them (as you would cabbage plants) in soft, warm, rich ground in rows, 4 feet apart, and put the plants about one foot apart in the rows ; keep them clear of weeds until the vines begin to cover the ground, after which their leafy nature will enable them to smother all weeds. If the hotbed be made early in April, the early sprouts will be ready for transplanting by the 10th of May; the bed will continue to throw up a second and third jl Description of a Seedling Pear, reared by Capl. Ij, yUliam Clapp, Dorchester, ,11 Size, rather under medium ^ color, yellowish 'i^ggggion of sprouts, all of vvhich will afford good en, with a little brown blush on the sunny side ; ! potatoes, if planted out any time before the end of n, long and bending over, set on the top, witi tie rising round the bottom of the stem ; eye )lossom end a little indented, and comnionsize ; ), whitish, buttery andjuicy, hasa high aromatic jsl or, and is a little musky, resembling very much old fashioned August Catharines or " Kat- s" in taste, but a little more sprightly ; form and earance being however one quarter larger ; e free from blast or black spots, and the brown lot so deep a shade. The tree grows vigor- y, branches upright, leaves dark green, rather id and flat, and finely serrated ; color of the d, brownish, with long thorn:; — The leaves yellow and commence falling as the fruit ri- , and in a short time the tree becomes nearly ! of foliage. There is no doubt of this tree g a seedling ; and I should judge from its re- blance, that the Catharine above alluded to, one of its parents. It cnrne up by chance : the house, and has never been moved. It is ien years old ; is thirty feet high, and seven ^51 es in diameter ; has borne constantly for the four or five seasons pretty full, considering its June. A hotbed 5 feet sipiare, with a half i)ecli of sweet ])otatoes, produced last season a succes- sion of sprouts which yielded 15 bushels of sweet potatoes." The way the slips are preserved through the winter, and which are procured by planting late, (as is done for small onions to set out for an early crop,) is thus : — They are taken up in the aulnnni before severe frosts, and, as we have been told by some of our Carolina friends, placed in a pit dug in front of the kitchen hearth, and very carefully buried in sand made perfectly dry. We cannot see why, with a little attention, the sweet potato should not be grown with success in the south of England. At all events, we think the experiment worth making, and should they not succeed to perfection, they wouhl no donht gratify the eye with their luxuriant foliage, and beautiful flowers. We remain. Sir, yours, &c. G. Thorburn and Son. JVeio York, April 16, 1829. The sweet potato is cultivated in several gar- dens in the neighborhood of Paris with perfect success, and the tubers sold in the market, and in the fruit shops. The best crops we raw were in Admiral Tcliitchigofli''s garden at Sceaux. The tubers are planted in February, or earlier or later at pleasure, in the |)ine stove, or in a small hotbed ; and the shoots they produce are taken ofl", and planted a foot apart every way, on dung beds, covered with 15 inches of earth, and |)rotected by hoops and mats in the manner of ridged cucum- bers. This may be done any time from April to June, and the shoots are not dibbled in, but laid down in drills about 3 inches deep, keeping 2 inches of liie point of the shoot above the earth. Ik about two months after transplanting, some of the tubers will be fit to take off for use, and the plants will continue producing till they are de- stroyed by frost. To jireserve the tubers through the winter, the greatest care is required. In the king's forcing-gardens at Versailles, they are kept in a growing state all the winter in the ])ine stoves. With the exception of this difficulty of preserving the tubers through the winter, the sweet potato is just as easily cultivated as the mealy potato. Though the shoots are naturally ascending and twining like those of Tamus communis, the plants are not sticked, and therefore the shoots cover the ground, and form over it a thick matting of dark green smooth foliage. In the early ))art of the season, the tubers are taken off as they attain the size of early kidney potatoes ; later the whole crop is dug up. If the sweet potato were once fairly introduced into first rate gardens, we liave no doubt it would form an article of regular cul- ture there. Since writing the above, we observe, in the last edition of the Boti Jardinier, that the sweet potato is cultivated in the south of France, where the shoots and leaves are reckoned excellent forage tor cows and horses, and that some people eat them as spinach. Directions are given for pre- serving the tubers through the winter in layers in a box of very dry sand, no one tuber touching another; the box closed and surrounded by a good thickness of straw, and the whole put in another box, and jilaced under a heap of straw, so as to prevent the tubers from undergoing any change of temiieratme. — Conductor. The process of boring for water has been prac- tised « ith great effect in Paris. Two sheets of water have been ascertained to flow beneath the Paris basin ; one between the chalk and the green sand, the other at a greater depth. From the last of these, the water is discharged at St. Ouen, to the height of 10 or 12 feet, and the <]uantity 8656 gallons daily. The singular fact that wells are affected by the tide is confirmed by observa- tion on those above mentioned. — London Weekly Review. Six yotnig Africans, from the most distant [larts of Ethiopia, are now receiving education in Pa- ris.— London Mas-. Hungarian Gardener^s Song. — " Oh, that I had a large garden, well stocked with fruit ; a farm well stocked with cattle ; and a young and beau- tiful wife I" — Bucke's Beauties ofj^ature. Fruit. — Notwithstaniliiig the singular and changeable weather in the early part of the season, fruit of all kinds was never known to be so abund- ant in New Orleans, as at this time — peaclieB, plums, and figs, in particular. 52 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 4, 1829. COI NTKV .^KA'IS NKAIt NKU YORK. [Exiracl ol a leiU:r tVuni a Tuurist *.u iltc EUilur ot ilic Aiiicri- cau FarmiT, daicil Alloiiv] "Time and space would full me, should I at- tempt 10 give even n hrief »ketch of ludf of tlic interesting ol'jccl.-i, wliirli arrested ullenlion in the course »( my passage hither. With a view to ex- amine homu of the farms and country seats upon the hanks of the Hudson, I sj>cnt a day at Hyde Park, and was dchghted, not only with the charms of nature, but also with the retinenitnis of society, and ihesjiirit of hospitality, prevailing nrnong the inliahilanis of this rich anil heauliful region. The scenery will sustain a coni|)arison with the finest specimens of English landscape. I passed a bright afternoon in randding over the grounds, which be- longed to the hito Doctor Bard, and have recently been purchased by Dr Hosaek of New York. They romprise a tract of 700 acres, bounded on the west by'The noble North,' and extending hack a mile or inorc into the fertile county of Dutchess. From the beautiful lawn in front of the mansion and the neighboring cottage, the view reaches on one liand to the blue sununits of the Cntskill, and on the other to the llighlands, in the vicinity of West Point. The llud.on, with its green and rural shores, is visible for the distance of tweniy miles. An almost cndlsss variety of venerable forest trees give shade and beauty to the landscape, tli:ough which hurries a copious stream, headlong and lioi.sy as the Arno itself, filling the hanging gar- dens and groves on its borders with niurnuirs. On the sunny declivity, sloping to this rivulet, I saw (on the lOtli instant) cart loads of ripe water-mel- ons, some of them weighing forty pounds each. Truits and (lowers of all kinds are rich and abun- dant. The woods are vocal with the song of biids, and the Sfpiirrelfreipiently crossed my wind- ing and tangled pathway. In many places, cojii- oiis and i)urc fountains gush from the bank of the river, afibrdiiig a plentifid supply of the best wa- ter. The present enterprising pro])rietor of this farm has but just conmienced his system of im- ]>rovcmenl.s. With his wealth and taste, he will doubtless render it still more thau it is now, a ter- restrial jiarndise. Not far from the splemlid grounds of Dr Ho- saek, is the residence of Dr Allen, the celebrity of whose cla.ssieal institution has spread throughout the country and attracted students from distant states. His stately niansion is situated in the midst of a lawn of eighty acres, intersected by avenues and winding walks bordereil with orna- mental trees. From the window of the library the eye ranges down the banks of the Hudson for a distance of twenty-fivo or thirty nulcs, and re- poses upon the picturesque sceniTy on the oppo- site shore. Here are porches and halls of science, consecrated us the Pojcile, shades deep and ehis- Kical as the groves of Aeadcmus, and waters brighter than the Illissus. The li-arned proprietor, as he himself remarked to me, belongs emphati- cally to the peripnlttic school of philosophy. His hours of relaxation from study are fietiuently eni- I)loyeil in walking through the fiilds with his pu- ))il.^, conversing faunlinrly on what liny have read, and nt the same time enjoying the hirautics of na- ture. All his scholars «re inmates of his roof, Hud treated os the mondiers of one family. 'J'he Doctor wns once asked by a visiter, like myself, from the south, who kept the best house in thir village ? He replied, that his own was proba- bly about OS good OS that of ony of his ncigldiors; and itu hospitality won freely tenJerf^d. Afker harniiig tlji-j anei-dotc, 1 took lodgings for ih night without ceremony, and |)as<,ed a most agree' able evening in various discourse. The next morning we went to breakfast with one of the Doctor'.' neighborsand friends,! he wealthy pro|)ri- ctor of 300 acres, who contented with his success in trade, has had the wisdom to beat his anchors into plough sliares,ami to retire from the bustle of the city to u rural atid romantic retreat ut Hyde Park. He has cndiarked with rrithusiusm in ag- ricultural and horticultural pursuits, and his farm, his gardens, and his ornamental grounds are in excellent order, evincing skill and taste in his new profession. The whole atmosphere L> charged with the fragrance of flowers, and the perfume of " new-mown hay." In rambling along winding pathways, by the side of gurgling brooks — amidst a polished circle of ladies and gentlemen, who re- galed me with music anil conversation, I here forgot for a time the dejected spirit and morbid feelings of an invalid. A little incident occurred, which reminded me of the fables of Orpheus and Ainphion, the sound of whose lyres was so 6v\'eet, as to cliarm both animated and inanimate rature. While an accotriplished amateur was giving some of the finest specimens of her execution upon the piano, and a young lady was breathing out the very soul of musi'*, a thrush came and perch- ed upon u tree near the window, filling uj) nith its wil 1 symphonies, the pauses of tlie voice and instrument. But 1 must quit Hyde Park, though I could respond to the feelings of a learned pre- late, who, lingering anudst the charms of its scenery, exclaimed 'Aic requiescam — here would I live, here die, here wish my ashes to repose.' The weather was so unfavorable, and the sum- mits of the Catskill, girt with wreaths of luist, looked so bleak, as to induce me to defer my visit to the Mountain House till my return. \\ Albany my first inquiry was for the head quarters of good living, good company, and good feeling — of wine, wit, and wisdom — the residence of' mine host on the hill,' whose name first greets the eye of the traveller, under the burnished wing of the 'Eagle.' Though the imperishable fiime of Crultendcn, the prince of landlords, has reached the ultima thule of our country, and had often rimg in my cars, yet the half had not been told me. He has twice as much body, and thrice as much soul as I had been led to cxiiect. From whatever point the wind may blow, no tourist can sit at his table, and bask in the light of his coimtenancc, without feel- ing in good humor. Since my arrival, a curious paragraph has been poiiiled out to me in the Na- tional Ga/elte, stating that Ihrrt are no comfortable litda in the hotelx at JUbany '. The author of such a groimdiess report can surely never have stopped either 'on the hill,' or under the hill. Had he done so, the first question put to him by the cham- ber-maid, would have been, whether he windd sleep on a feather bed or rnatlrass. If the night happens to be dainp or cool, a blanket is put un- der the sheet, in the English slylo. In my ram- bles over the world, I have never found better ac- roimnodalions or tuore comforts at any hotel, than at the one where I am i.ow sumpluouslv lodged. A few days after my arrival, two gcnilemen and myself rode three miles from town, to vi«it the hue chief justice of the slate. We found him like (?iiieimuilus, buried in retirement, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. His farm of 200 acres, entirely secluded froiu the world, at prcsout en- grosses his whole attention ; though ids fellc fci citizens, not unmindful of his superior talei and eminent services, have called liim, like Koman patriot, from the plough, to mingle ii turmoils of public life, and participate in the con cils of the nation. It was due to his age, intelle and weiglit of character, to liave been appoint to the senate, instead of elected to the House Representatives, wliere he must \>e brought contact with youns men, who liave more repi tion to gain and less to lose. But in any sit tion, I trust he will maintain the dignity of character, and prove himself useful to his count He still enjoys a vigorous mind in a sound bo The state of Now York lost ten or fifteen of best years of his life by driving him constituti' ally but i)remalurcly from the bench. Churn with his hospitality and the easy flow of his c versalioii, we accepted his invitation to rcrnaiu ten, and did not return to town till a lute liour. On the 4th of July, three gentlemen and i .self went to dine with Jesse Buel, Esq., whi celebrated farm is two miles from Albany, wluit place could the birth day of our nalio freedom be commemoruted with more proprii than at the bountiful table of the farmer, fritits of wliose industry contribute so large!) the reol independence of our country? This mark is peculiarly a|iplicable to Judge Buel, wh [h well directed elTorts and successful experiuie mb in tanning and gardening reflect credit upon h . self, and have been highly useful to the coniuu ty. We found Idni iii the midst of a flowery gion, which a scientific knowledge of his n profession had enriched, and )iis taste enibeUisl The largest and most splendid boquet I have e „ seen, ornamented his fire-place, and a rich vari of natives and exotics were seen in bloom ab^ the mansion, siiaded by some of the original pi of the fi>rest. Unfortunately the stale of weather was such, us to prevent us from exan ing very extensively or accurately his grout which are perha|)s better cultivated and reiide more ])rodiiclive than any in this part of country. His corn and potatoes are much tin nest I have seen this season. The exiraordio growth of the former is ascribed to a inan» consisting of the i)ith and ])arings of horns, tuined al condi factories. Judge Buel ilesci great prai.sc for bis attention to the culiivatioi fruits, both indigenous and exotic. The ra varieties to be ])rocured from diirorcnt part the United Stales, and from Europe, are now dcrgoing experiment in his gardens. Few s jecls in rur.il economy have escaped his invest ting miiul, and he possesses a bapjiy facility of cording the result of his observations for the b efit of others, as the pages of the American P' ■?' mer can hear witness. My enjoyment of .Mr Bucl's society was not 1 ited to the conviviid pleasures of an annivers dinner. On the Cili instant he harnessed his ■ goii, ond wo set out on a rural excursion to coimly of Saratoga, not for the purpose ol'jnin the fashionable circles at the springs, but to c mine the extensive and beautiful farm of He W. Delavan, Esq. His homestead conipr^' 300 acres, finely situated, with n rich soil, and der the best cultivuliou. About one tbinl of I grass land, from which a heavy crop will he t» this season ; and the jmstures of red and w bite ■ ver are luxuriant in the extreme. Numerousdro of tallle, 20 horses, and 2000 sheep revel in ^ K.n\ V^ol. VIII.— No. 7. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 53 St of such fertility. An avenue, McAdamiztd he true EngUsli style, leads tliiough a rich ami Ihnsive lawn to the mansion, which is finely llled with aged elms, locust and chesnut. »» hin twenty paces of the front door, a copious ife clear stream winds through tlie grass, aflbrd- a sup|)ly of pure water, and adding much to charms of the landscape. A small lake, stud- with grassy islets, is visible from the window, one side, the view is terminated by a forest of riginal and stately i)ines ; on the other, by a id and beautiful sheet of water, four miles in W :nt, with long ranges of the Green Mountains « ^''erniont in the distance. The mansion itself ipacious, neat, and commodious, I'ossessing ry requisite save one, to render the wealthy hospitable proprietor happy. Participating in he comforts of his residence, we next morning 1 a visit to his neighbor. Col. Young, who has ly exchanged the din of politics and the tur- of public life, for rural quiet and independ- ^p afforded by his 300 acres. We found him is favorite retreat, his garden, with his hands neared with mud in transplanting cauliflowers, feels the same enthusiasm in horticulture, as friend Delavan does in farming ; and bolii e given a powerful impulse to improvements heir respective pursuits. ou will jjerceive by the foregoing sketch of rambles, protracted much beyoini my expecta- s, that some of the most wealthy, intelligent, distinguished men in the state of New York, actively employed in the noblest of ail pur- s, the cultivation of the soil. Agricultural so- i'ies, established several years since under the pices of that enlightened and illustrious states- 1, De Witt Clinton, gave an impetus to improve- ^ Its in rural economy, the salutary influence of ch is still felt in the community. Happy lid it be, in my opinion, for the interests of state, if some of the eminent individuals whom II' ive named, and others engaged in the same suits, were called to public stations, where their rts might be directed to the re-establishment systerei which has been prematurely aban- ed." \afdy Tubts for Skips. — The London Atlas es that an important discovery has lately been le by a Mr Ralph Watson, for preventing the idering of ships at sea, by the insertion of s between decks. Mr Watson proposes to )loy tubes, made of copper, (or any other sub- ice equally secure,) of a cylindrical form, ter- ating at each extremity, by convex or semi- )ular ends; the whole to be hermetically sealed, to contain in number and capacity, a bulk or ntity of atmospheric air equal to counterbal- e that extra portion of the weight or specific nty of the ship and her contents, which other- ,- }, in case of leak, and the ship filling with er, would cause her to sink. The N. Y. Cou- remarks on this contrivance " We claim the rity of the invention of Safety Tub.?s for IS, steamboats, and all kinds of vessels &c., in lli alf of our adopted citizen Edmund Charles tET." And states that a patent was obtained this, together with other improvements by M. let in 1825. " DESTROYING INSECTS BY STEAM. ?he plan of steaming vessels for the purpose tilling vermin and insects, and more particu- Y the white ant, is cotniug into use in ludia. The Comet steamboat was hauled alongside a merchant vessel, and by means of apparatus pre- pared for the occasion, her steam was applied to that purpose in this vessel for .several hours; the object was most completely attained. In addition to the certainty of this mode of eflecting it, an- other valuable proof of its su[)eriority to smoking was displayed in this instance. Every leaky place in the vessel was shown, by the water oozing out of it ; and in this manner, several leaks, which could not before be discovered, were made mani- fest. The steam itself, which escaped like smoke, could not he seen in the daylight, but the water oozing out is, of course, visible in any light. The expense of this mode of cleansing a vessel is very moderate, and far more complete than any yet known ; in fact, no other has yet been found ef- fectually to destroy the white ant; not even sink- ing vessels, we believe, which is infinitely more tedious, and more expensive, and, with large ships out of the question. Indigo. — The art of making indigo, it appears, has not been forgotten in South Carolina. A commercial house in New York lately received parcels of South Carolina indigo, amouiiting in the vvhols to more iLan four thousand pounds, the quality of which, taking the range of the grades, is said to be equal to any of foreign growth. Mhviation of pain in the Gout. — The applica- tion of carded cotton to burns and scaldings is now 60 generally approved of, that most families, especially wli^ro there are children, have it lying by them, ready for use ; and in this shajie it is sold in the furnishing shops. About a twelvemonth ago, a gentleman in the city, while writhing under the gout, read in the newspapers some instances of the success of this article in burns, and it struck him that it might operate in a similar man- ner, and with equal advantage upon his burning toe. He accordingly got his foot swathed in carded cotton, and in twelve or fourteen hours the inflammation disappeared, and the pain along with it. He has had several threatenings of re- turn since, but the cotton is immediately had re- course to, and to it, he ascribes the speedy remo- val of the pain. To say that this ap[)lication will afford similar relief to all persons, or even at all times, to the same person, would be quackery, but it certainly appears to be a harmless experi- ment in an excruciating' ailment. — Glasgow Herald. Fiom the N. Y. Com. Advertiser. Concentrated Syrup of Liverwort. — This prep- aration to which we have before invited attention, has, we learn, been found very useful in many re- cent cases of pulmonary complaints. It has never been known to do harm, while there are many well authenticated instances of its utility. As many were induced to try its efficacy by our former notice, we republish an article then insert- ed. The syrup may be had of J. P. Carrol, No. 25, John street. HEALING POWERS OF THE LIVERWORT. A. P., a young man between 25 and 30 years of age, has been apparently in consumption for two years, or more. In the winter of 1827-8, he was confined to his room with every symptom of confirmed con- sumption ; ])ulse 110 to the minute ; hectic fever, incessant cough, with expectoration of matter. which in March amounted to full a pint a day, night sweats, debility, and great emaciation. After having tried the usual means to no effect, the Liverwort was resorted to. It was first taken in decoction without any apparent benefit; a con- centrated syrup was then taken, and to the aston- ishment of all his friends he rajiidly recovered so far as to be able to attend to business', and the summer following worked a small ganlen, and lias continued mending gradually in health and flesh to this date. .Yew Lebanon, J)pril 16, 1829. N. B. The above account is taken from the case book of the Physician to the Society of Sha- kers in New Lebanon, and may be relied on as correct. Geological Phenomenon. — Soiue months since, in the act of boring for salt water, on the land of Mr Lemuel Stockton, situated in the county of Cum- berland, (Kentucky) a vein of pure oil was struck, from which it is almost incredible what (piantities of the substance issued. The discharges were by floods, at intervals of from 2 to 5 mi^iutes, at each flow vomiting forth many barrels of pure oil. I witnessed myself, on a shaft that stood upright by the aperture in the rock from which it issued, marlis of the oil twenty-five or thirty feet perpen- dicularly above the rock. These floods continued for three or four weeks, when they subsided to a constant stream, affording many thousand gallons per day. This well is between a quarter and a half a mile from the bank of Cumberland river, on a small rill down which it runs into the river. It was traced as far down the Cumberland as Gal- latin, in Sumner county, nearly 500 miles — for many miles it covered the whole surface of the river, and its marks are now found ou the rocks on each bank. About two miles below the point at which it touched the river, it was fired by a boy, and the effect is said to have been grand be- yond descrij/tion. An old gentleman who wit- nessed it, says he has seen several cities on fire, but that he never beheld anything like tlie flames which rose from the bosom of the Cumberland to touch the very clouds, (his own words.) The oil has a very strong scent, and was, while it is- sued in great quantities, smelt at the distance of 5 or 6 miles above its entrance into the river. The odor is disagreeable to all persons who have in- haled it except three, two others and myself. The oil is so very jienetrating, that no barrels which could be procured, retained it jierfectly. Some few barrels were filled and put into the ground. They have caulked the aperture in the rock, in order to procure what remains, but it is feared the harvest is over. — JVashville Banner. ELEVATION OF SCITE AND OF CHAR- ACTER. Any man in any country will enjoy higher and better spirits in travelling along an elevated open road, than he will along a bottom confined by hedges: and the same will be the effect of living in a house in a high situation. Even a house the priiicii)al floor of which is ascended by a few steps is felt to be more dignified, and known to be drier and healthier, than one to which you descend by a few steps ; and there can be but little doubt that the mere circumstance of a man in London lodging on the parlor floor or on the first floor, will have an influence on his sentiments and char- acter. In the endeavors of the wealthy of any 54 Ni:W ENGLAND FARMER, Sipt. 4, 1825. country, thcrefonN to rai^^e and i,...er...rate the per of its becoming ino.il.ly. As a ppnllc purga- i b., of C ut one operation, us well those which are crooked 'ouiitenaiice bctiaved uneasiness. At the break- '""'ff''- ,,,,.., ,, , ," • , 4- 1 1 ri a- Scions, cutlinijs and buds ot the above, will be gr fast table she njiologised (or the colororhercoflee,Kjgy^,yj;^,^i^^„-j ,^ members of the Society, by and lamented that she had nothing wherewith to above genllemcn, in the proper season. tvhiten it. Our friend then obsc'rved that milk w.is From Mr Di.wxeb, of Dorchester, specimens of a ' .o dear, at six cents the quart, that he |,a,| ,.„„. | Pear, in Dorrhoster, vahiaMe onlv on account of; its g ihided to do without it this season — " for v U; and winding us those which are straight. They joint them lit for the ti'iiss hoops. They cut the heads fit for the casks, without the use of nxe or filiuvc. \Vi! .-ire assured by an ingenious practical mechanic, well acquainted with the old mode, as well as Mr Hide's method of manufiictiiriug such articles, that one man by his miichincry can per- form us much work as ten men by common hand labor. These mu<'liiiieii may be driven by i^team, water, or horiiu power. ELDF.R-BERRY SYRUP. Tukc of the jniciinf eldcr-licrry one quort ; boil to one pint ; strain and adil two pounds of double refined liug.ir ; again place it over the fire ; so aoon 119 it shall have boiled, remove it from the fire ; and wli'-ii rold bottle it for use, taking cure to have il will corked. ShouM thi-y neglect to put know," added he, " that people in our circiimstaii- ccs must study economy." Thinks I to myself', a quart of milk at six cents, would be more iioui- ishiiig for these children, and more reputable economy, than a <|uarl of brandy at twenty five cents. But I held my peace then knowing that there is a time for all things .liutovcr Journal. Culturt of iht Hovjleur Melon. — " Sow," says M. Racine, "on a hot-bed, about the end of March, paying no regard to the age of the moon, as they do at Honneiir, unless you choose;" the seed will come up ill 48 hours, and the pliiiits, beiiiL' put ID tlio above quantity of sugar there will bo daii- Isepiirately into little jiots and still kept in the hot productiveness, and its good qualities as an e.irly bal- pear; also a phial omtaining the cureulio that slings Apricot, also the weevil that destroys the leading sli' of the White Pine. Dr Hahkis, of Milton, has politely oflered to fur for tlio Society specimens of all the ins4n Saturday we were much gratified with the brmaiice of a boat 19 feet long, invented and r| itrticted by Mr James Wilson, of this city, icularly adapted to canal navigation. The om of the boat is so constructed that the vva- is turned to the centre instead of displacing hich makes the boat more buoyant, and doubles velocity. The increased action of the water \' 1 the wheel, which is placed near the stern, •ates powerfully upon the rudder, and the boat be steered with one at least two thirds sinall- M lan the rudders used for canal boats. The tl , from the simplicity of her works may be •elled by steam or otherwise, eight miles an Vessels, we think, constructed as the one I'hich we are now speaking, would be safe at as the wheels are com[>letely protected from ;" effects of the swell. This model was sent up J Hudson yesterday, and a fair experiment is to eiiade on the canal between Albany and Troy. r. Gaz. Vvarielles of Native wild Straivlierrie fair prices, by the dozen or hundred, by Rufus Howe, place of Samuel Downer, in Dorch»sier. Aug. 17. Hyacinths. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng^ land Farmer, fi2 North Market si, A collection of Hyacmth Hoots, o( mixed colors, in fine ordelf for transplanting, either into pots, or the garden, — price twelve andahalf cts single— one dollar per dozen.— 'I'hey can be safely packed for any part of the union. tf ( he most effectual method of destroying Wasps is ;stroy their nests. When I see them attack- ruit, or entering the beehives, I mark the di- on in which they fly away, and follow them ]j)f the gaiden till I find their nest. I then mc it, return about ten o'clock at night with a 'sfi e and a pot of water, and work up the nest its inhabitants into a puddle. — T. C. Kensing- Sept. 12, 1828. „ CoRRESPONnENTs. — A Valuable article from S. X. 'loughing Green Sward, — Inquiries respecting a House, — Influence of Trees in purifying the air. Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Charlestown Vineyard, on the South Side of Bunker's Hill, opposite Charlestown tide mills, Wilmott's superb Strawberry Plants, at 25 cents per plant, potted, or $20 per hundred. Also, the following kinds at $1 per bundled : Downton Strawberry, Pine Strawberry, Mulberry Strawberry, Bath Scarlet, and Royal Scarlet; fiDm the last mentioned sort were produced the first Strawberries in Boston market this season, which sold for onedolhr perbox. DAVID HAGGERSTON. CCj^The above plants are for sale, also, at J. B. Rus- sell's Seed Store, Mo. 52, North Market street, at the same price. Aug. 21. Bulbous Roots. Just received at the Seed Store connected with Ihe N. England Farmer, No. 52, North Market street, A fine collection of Bulbous Roots, comprising Hya- cinths, 12 1-2 cts. each, $1 per doz.— Tulips, 12 l-2cts. each, $1 per doz. ; a few superior named roots, 25 to 50 cents cicii — lYarcissus, double yellow, and white, $1 per dozen, 12 1-2 cents each — Jonquilles, sweet scented, same price — Crocus, various sorts, 50 cents per dozen — Crnwn Imperials, double yellow, crimson, and red, 37 1-2 to 50 cents each— .?M)ffrc/ Lilij roots, 25 cts. each. Aug. 21. Treatise on Silk, Ifc. This day received at the .Seed Slore connected with the New England l-'armer. No. 52, IVorlh Mai ket street, A methodical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mulberry Tree, on the raising of Silk Worms, and on winding liie Silk from the Cocoons ; with plates. By Wm. H. Vernon, of Rhode Island.— Price gl. 00. tf Aug. 14, Seeds for the West Indies. Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading to the West Indies, can be furnished with bn.ve3 of Seeds, assorted, suitable for that m:ii ket, at from g2 to §5 per bo.\. Each of Uie S5 boxes contains upwards of slxly different kinds of seeds, veg- etable and ornamental, in quantities suitable for a common kitchen garden. The 52 boxes contain twenly-tive dilferent varieties of vegetable seeds, with the English anJ French names attached. Also, 200 pounds cf English w hite flat turnip seed, growth of 1829. With the greatest variety of seed to be found in New England, wholesale and retail, warranted pure and fresh.— For sale by J. B. RUSSELL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston. eptf Turnip Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Fanner, 52 North Market street, 200 lbs line VViiiie Flat English Turnip Seed, growth of 182y— also, several oilier approved vaiictiesfrom Scotland, and London, among wliicli the Early Dutch, Yellow Sioiic, and Yellow .Malla, have proved of very superior quality for the table,- and the Yellow Aberdeen, (or Bullock,) ai.d the Large Norfolk Field Turnip for caiile. Type and Printing Materials For Sale. The following founts of Type are offered for sale at about half llieir original cosl. 160 lbs. Pica, bought of Boston Type and Stereotype Found- ry, 182G;4C0 lbs. of Pica. do. do. 1827-8; 1200 lbs. Small p;ca,do. do. 1827-8; 100 lbs. Small Pica, do. do, 1828; 800 lbs. Long Primer, do. do. 1827-8 ; 300 lbs. Bourgeois, do. do. 1828 ; 400 lbs. Brevier, do, do. 1827-8 ; 48 lbs. Canon ; 45 lbs. Double Pica; 17 lbs Double Paragon, and several niher founU of Job Letter. The above founts can be divided if required. Also, 5 Case Stands ; 30 Type Cases ; 10 Composing Sticks ; 8 Demi and Medium Chases ; 2 Copper Galleys; 2 Mediuna Washington Presses, bought of Rust & Turnev, 1828; 1 .Stand- ing Press ; 2 Banks; 100 lbs. Leads ; 30 reams $3,50 paper. Apply to John B. Russell, 52 North Market street, post paid PRICES OF COUJ^TRY PRODUCE. Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Leclures in Harvard University will beg he Massaclniselis Medical College, Mason street, Bosloi s, — one from Stockbridge, Mass. &c. &c. are re- d, but are of necessity postponed till our ne.vt. article from New Jersey on Fire Blio-ht in Pear 'liird WEDNESD.W in October next, tlie21st, at nine o'clock, -■■•--- - °- 'a.m. Anatomy and Surgery, Dr Warren. Chemislry, Dr Webster. Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence, Dr Channing. Materia Medica, Dr Blgelow. Theory and Practice of Physic, Dr Jackson. Students attending the Medical Lectures are admitted with- cat fee, to the Surgical operations, and c'lnical practice cf the Massacliuselts General Hospital during the courses. Aug. 3. eptineeting \V. CIIAN.MNG, Dean. Massndinsetts Horticultural Society. od m.-ellngnf IhisSoclelv will be held at the Horti- iL HiLt.. No. 52, North .Market Sireet, on Saturday, nsiaiit at 11 o'clock. A. .M, for the adoption of measures e to the appro, iching feslivnl, and other business. neral and punctual attcadanre is requested. on, Sept. 4, 1829. R, L, E.MMONS, Secrelartj Ivnn ,, Maltese Jacks for sale. sale three fine Maltese Jacks, 14 hands high, sup to be the largest ever seen in this country — two of dark color, one gray. Apply at the N, E, Farme Sept. 4, fFhite Mulberry Seed. ceived at the Seed Store connected with the land Farmer, No, 5-i, North Market-street, bs. White Mulberry Seed, raised at Coventry, this season, and saved expressly for us. War- I of the very first quality. Sept, 4, Bremen Geese. ale 10 pa'r Bremen Gec^e of genuine breeil, color pure some of this brpeil, ral<:ed by the person who offers hive wei»lied 19 Ihs, each when dressed for the re at the Now England Farmer office. Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Clevelnnd. the two English horses, will stand for the seasonal their stable in Brighton, Barefoot at 525, and Cleveland alglO, with gl (or the groom, a24 APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, first sort. Pearl, lirst sort, - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess. Cargo, No, I, Cargo, r^o, 2, BUTTEK, inspected. No, 1, new, CHEESE, new milk. Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Genesee, - - - Rye, best, - - - - GRAIN, Corn, .... Rve, Barley, Oats, .... HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, LIME, PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, clear, Navy, mess. Cargo, No, 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orchard Grass, Fowl Meadow, ... Rye Grass, - _ - Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - Red Top .... Lucerne, - - . - White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed,- Merino, lliree iourlhs washed. Merino, half blood, Meriuo, quarter washed, Native, washed, . . - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, lirst sort,: (bushel barrel 'pound FROM I TO 1?5 00 130 CO 123 00 130 00 90' 1 00 10 50 II OO 9 50 10 00 8 00 8 50 14. 6 OO 5 75 3 60 bushel. (iO 63 ^t 42 pound. cask. 85 ton. jarrel. 16 00 '' 13 00 " 13 00 >ushel. ;; 62 lound. 38 " 33 " 7 a 32 " 18 tl 28 11 24 " 20 " 34 '■ 27 16 9 3 6 25 6 00 3 75 62 65 67 45 » 90 3 50 17 00 13 60 13 50 2 00 3 00 3 00 4 oe 3 00 1 00 50 SO 8 I 50 45 Partridge's Blacking for Boots and Shoes. This article is really what it professes to be — Ills more con- venient, and less expensive than any other Blacking ; produces a gloss equally as brilliant as Day & Martin's— and one which is not so easily tarnished by water or dampness — and, (rom a constant uso of It for several months, I am fully satisfied thai it is truly beneficial lo the leather, keeping it in a soh and pliable condition. The half pint jugs of the common liquid Blackings generillv contain but three glasses each. — This Powder, when mixei-l ilh two or three glasses of good vinegar, or stale beer, imme- 1 atelv affords about one third more Blacking.— This, with Ihe EGGS, fferenceol the original cost, makes no inconsiderable saving. MEAL, Rye. retail, - I recommend it as a composition lor Blacking, which, upon"a Indian, retail, fair trial, will give complete sallsf.tclion. i POTATOS, A FRIEND TO AMERICAN MANUFACTURES. CIDER, [according to quality,] PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BY MR. H.^YWARD, (Clerk of Fimenil-hali Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - - . . MUTTON, .... POULTRY, .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, pound 8 7 5 « 5 4 It 1(1 It .'0 t' 18 dozen. 11 bushet barrel. 2 00 13 1 00 ^EVV ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 4, 18-29. .M I S (' i: L I. A M E S. Jiotani) o/ ISrazU The ruiinljir of vtgiiuhle " The tuan who has been «he elnve of iot i S|»ecicb collcclcJ in Brazil, and now in iho hands ^ pcrjince innst renounce her allogether, or Grapts. Tlic L-aj-e witli which grapes may be ^f European botanistiJ, is et-tiinaled at fourteen CTiUivated, makes it a matter of surprisi! to us that ,i,o,|s„n,| ; of wiiich mitnher not more than five more attention is not p'lid to the rearing of thctn. hundred were known at the coinmenceiuent of They lire a choice friiil, particularly the improved ,1,^ |,rcsent ccnturj'. Tarietii-.s, and the l.-ella grape i.s ns hardy an, — cur roiMiiion kinds, and n great bearer. We Jl Silver Mine in Eaton. — We learn that a Sil- know 1)1' several vines of this kind, but three orj yg,. ftjin,, has been discovered in the town of Ea- four vriirs old, which are now in full bearing. ^ ,0,,^ j,, t|, is county. A shaft has been sunk to insensibly reaasuine )ier des|>otic pov with such a mistress, if lie seriously mean to card her, be inudl indulge himsvlf in no dallic or delay. He must not allow his lips a last her former fas^cination. Webb, the celebn walker, who was remarkable for vigor, bot body and mind, drank noibiii:; but water, was one day recomincndiiig his regimen t •^ We doubt whether any other fruit can be raised ,1,^ ,„i„p^ 50 feet below the siirtiice. Several friend who loved wine, and iirj:cd him, with g||,.« for the market, which will pay so large a profit as |„„„],.eil tons of ore have already been raised. good grapes. In the vicinity of New York and i From 90 to 200 ounces of pure silver arc found Philadi'lpliin, they arc very abundant. The last („ i|,c ton. — Dover, A". H. Gazette. Phitttdelj/liia .Irid says— "The whole extent ofl r'f his, doubtless, is the purest of the lead ore, Philadelphia, if it could be seen at a glance, would, jjj ^^,|^j^.,j ^ rnoicty of silver is always found.— present a frreater niiiiiber of grape vines, »"''" | gjiver is more easily obtained by going no further more boiimiful supply of green grapes at this iime,| ^,^^1^ ^,1^ ^^^^ beneath the earth's surface.]— Erf. than all the rest of the Union together can boast j^^ jf jf^gigter. of. It is remarkable to observe the «ln;ost uni- — vcrsal fondness that e.\isis here for the cultivation Temperance. — It is stated in the Washington of this beautiful and valuable fruit. We see ] Reporter, that above a hundred farmers of them hanging like ropes of onions, in small gar- 1 that county, have cut down and gathered in deus, where it would scarcely be believed they could grow. They are e.\treinely ornamontul, oud reward the citizen gardener better than any- thing ho can plant." VINTAGE IN FRANCE. The accounts of the vintage from Franco are ▼ery favorable. In both Upper and Lower Bur- gundy, in Chani|inigne and throughout the vicini- ty, the vines are covered with blossoms, and as the season was very favorable, an abundant crop •was expected. Fears were entertained for the quality, in consequence of the season being nearly a month behind. Great distress continued to ex- ist from the want of a market for wine. earnestness, to cpiit a course of luxury, by w his health and intellect would be c<|uully de« ed. The gentleman appeared convinced, told him 'that he would conform to his con though be thought he could not change course of life at once, but would leave ofl' tt liquors by degrees !' 'By degrees,' excla other with indignation, 'if you should i fall into the fire, would you caution your ttr\ to pull you out only by deirrees !- '" fOL their hai-vest without the use of ardent spirits, They have discovered in the operation, that men can do more work, with less noise, and less quarrelling, with better appetite and health, without the use of strong drink, than with it. The names of several respectable farmers who made the experiment are given. At a late meeting of the Agricultural Society of lIaniiltonCoiinty,Ohio, beautiful specimens of silk and rolls of fine white linen were exhibited being the growth and manufacture of the state. Com- munications were made on the preparation of hemp, on the making of wine, and on the cultiva- tion of wool. Splendid cut glass decanters were displayed ; and, says the Western Review, all gave proof that we need send neither to France for our wine, to Ireland for our fine linen, or to England for the richest samples of cut glass. — Mass. Journal. Strawberry Plants. Fnrsale al the Br'nhloii Nursery 2000 pianUoflhe Pir pip Slrawherrv, in fine order fur iraD'-pl^inlinK — ai S-V 100—37 l-2cu per doz. Also, Wilira.i s Supcib, .\lpii.e, hcrrv, llauthoia, llo«nion, &.C. Orilcrs fur ilic alioie n^ ilirecled 10 J. IJ. Kl«si 1,1, Seed Store. 52 Ni.rlh Marl- Boslon. where llie pUniiis will l>c delivered, free of char trnn$[>ortaiinn. I'he plants are paeked iu muu for iraiis lion 10 an3' part of the un.on. Tulip RooU. For sale al the Seed .Sinre connecled wiih ihe New Ei F.Trnicr, 51 iVorih Market street, A fine colleclion of Uuieh Tulip Roots, of bright red, ) while, pink, and splendid variegated colors, at jl.OO per — 1.; l-i!cissiii2le. If A of ice. Subscribers to the New England Farmer arc informi llipy can have llieir volumes utaily and failhlully half and lettered, al 75 cU per volume, by leaving ihem o III re. Laurel. — The butchers of Geneva have a sin- gular mode of preveiiliiig flies from attacking the meat in their shops. They rub the walls and the boards upon which the meat is placed with the essential oil of laurel: the smell of which keeps away this troublesome insect. ^ „ ,. , ,, » • ir u ^ , Jl Practical Fanner. — A practical farmer, whose Canadian Liberality. — The Quebec Natural liy^-ijiiood depends upon his calling, should make History Society has offered a silver medal for the | ^ the pinnacle of bis worldly ambition to excel best " E.ssay, descriptive of the Quadrupeds of ;„ jt. if he neglect his tarin for anything else, British North America," which is to be open to 1,^ ;§ generally a loser both in interest and credit. all competitors. A silver medal for the best " Es- j Solomon, the wisest observer of men and things, say descriptive of the indigenous plants of Can- ; tdig „a of his disgust at the sight of a slovenly ■du," open to the members of the Society residing ! furmer. " I went by the field of the slothful — in the Colonies. A silver medal for the best "Es- I y^fj j,,^ it ,va3 all grown over with thorns, and Bay on any branch of general literature," and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the another for an " Essay on any branch of philoso- ^tonc wall was all broken down." Owner, where phy and science, other than Natural History," ! „rt thou ? Perhaps dozing away thy time in open to general competition. 'J'he Essays lo he si,„nber and sloth, or spending thy time at the sent 10 A. F. Holmes, Esq., before the 20tli day of' [avcrn, or perhaps dreaming of promotion, or en- February next. — J\/'uva3Cutian. gaged in the business of some jictly office. Bet- MiinvfacUrJof CopjnrasTn Fennoiif .— On IMi!! fr •■i'mi.I thy own proper business, else "shall Iky river, near the stage road in the township ol' poverty come as an armed man." A lariner, on the Shrevv.sburv, is an extensive mine of the sulphurcl ! other hand, who keeps his land and his stock in of iron, from which is obtained the first quulity ofj excellent order, need not be ashamed even if Sol- Cociieras. onion himself were jiassing by. Every passing — — -traveller, no sooner casts his eyes over such a .Inother Copperas Mine.—\ bed of sulphiirel of ^. j,^.^^^ j^^ j^^^^^,,^^ ,,^^. f,,,rieior in his heart. Iron, Bccortling to the Worcester yEf-is, ^'^^ y'^'l-ru,, .,y,,.,,-,^^or, uwrt^oyer, \s ^uro to receive for cently been opened in the town of Hubbardston, ,^.^ j,^^^ something that is more s.did than hon JVtw China Tea Sets, and liphl blue Dinner Received, a greal variety of the above ; whirh. wiih ; pleie assiiriineni o( Crocke'rv, China, »iid Glass \\ are, fered for sale, low, at No. 4 bock .Square. H'anted, Al the Agrieullura! Warehouse, 3! North M.irkei 51 simple ami chocp Machine lor Peariiig Apples, likewise chine for Coreiiig Apple:* and Quinces. Powder at 2j per lb. DUrONTS POWDER, quahiy warrnnied, for CpptUmd's Ammunition Slorf, C5Uroad si. at rrtuiV. SHOP, CAPS. &c. ol the tfst qualilu—chenp for ca^h■ Tall Metidoic Oat Grass Seed. This dav received al the New England Farmer .''e eililes, ami Orni ^ al Flowers. By T. UriJgciuan, gardener, Nov \ ' price 37 1-2 ets. ' A practical Trcalisc on the M.in.igcincnt of Her;! the Mauageniciit of Apiaries, with the bcs( method < troyinp and prevcnlinj the deprcdilions of the I5ce By James TliachoT, M. U. — price 75 els. In the county of Worcester. Tho Bpecimens %vhich liivc liecn ]irodiiced indicate tho existence of tho mincrid in g'l.at abundance and purity. Wnterinelons are freipienlly seen floating about tha wharves in I'hi'iidelphia, set afloat by the ■inking of the boali uverloudod with ihein. A comfortable, decent livelihood, fiir which he is indebted to Him only whose is the earth and tho fulness tliereof. — CI. Courant. A beau dressed out is as tho cinnamon tree — the bark is worth moro than tho body — Ovcrbury. Published every Friday, at J:! per nmmm, pn\.il.|« nd of ihc ye..r— lull those who pay wilhiu sixty ■','>* fa time of subsciibing, are enliile<1lo n drftiirtinn of tiiiy rfll !" (C No paper « dl be seal 10 a distauee wiihoui pay oi|' ' iug made in lulvanre. Printed for J. H. RusssLL, liy I- R BtTTS— by all descriplions of Printing can Iw eiernied lo inert tha ^ of ciistoiners. Orders for printing reteivrd l>y J. II. Rn tj at the Ai;ricultural Warehouse No. 5^ Norih Market •,. NEW ENOI-AI^D FARMER. Published by John B. Russell, at Mo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Agricxdtural Warehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1829. No. 8. AGRICULTURE. fThe following is an able article on a very interest- and important subject ; but wlietlier the author's S ry is correct, wo shall not attempt to decide. Wc »'l|nclined, however, to the belief, that those who attrib- the sudden, and sometimes almost instantaneous erin'r of a vigorous branch of a fruit tree, to the )m of a very small insect, have not discovered a ,e adequate to tlie supposed effect. Editor of N. E. F.irmer. BLIGHT IN PEAR TREES, &c. Xlract of a lelicr from a friend in New Jersey to ll.e Edi- iJl" the N. E. Farmer.] What Mr Bucl says of the fire blight is not so elusive to my apprehenyioii, as arc his remarks lie girdling protubeMiices which have hither- eeii so destructive to the Plum and ]MorelIo rry. lie is not alone in attributing the disease ed Jtre blight, to the venom ejected from an ct ; but, much as I should like to see this doc- itie established, I cannot admit it for a moment. n fully aware that a sin|;le drop of poison, in- nced into the animal system, will decompose fluids and cause death, whether it he injected ik rabid animal or by an enraged reptile. And ve no doubt but that if a sufficient quantity Id be forced into the circulation of a plant, the whole mass would he rendered unfit for uses to wliich the sap is destined. I have Ti le various experiments on the young and old iches of pear trees, but although T used the ;rent poisons in a concentrated and diluted 1 such asprussic acid — nitric acid — muriatic, as well as croton oil, and mercury, in several IS and although I sacrificed many an insect, 1 as poisonous spiders, &c., yet I never suc- led in injuring the tree farther than an inch or above and below the inincture. We know the rupture of a blood vessel, by a determina- of blood to the head, will cause instant death lan, and that this is often effected by external lence, such as exposure to the sun. Here is an logous case as it rcs|)ects loss of vital princi- and the cases approach as nearly as the na- of animal and vegetable life can appro.x- :e. n exotic pear, such as the Vergalouse, the nk, the St. Germain, or the D'Auche, grows luxuriantly in our climate. They have the ti icity of attracting a greater quantity of fluid « iment than those trees which are indigenous, fire blight occurs more frequently after a mer shower in July or August, and during the ihine. A shower falling on ally plant, while sun shines fiercely, is always more or less in- us. It has been my object for many years, iceitain the cause of this destructive disease, vigilant as I have been, and still am, I have ir yet detected any insect in the act of puuc- ig the tree so as to cause fire blight, although _ lie actually seen the end of a limb perish with hli°'ht before my eyes while examining it. I '! ( stood under the shade of a fine St. Germain, e I was directing my gardener how to ampu- the limb of a similar tree which stood about feet from me ; I discovered the blight imrae- ily after one of those hot showers ; and, as y constant practice, I hastened to the tree that the injured limb might be instantly separated. Whilst I .stood under the St. Germain before mentioned, my eye rested on the horizontal branch before me, and to my surprise I saw the leaves change color, from a dingy yellow to a dark brown ! I had the limb cut off far below the blight, and saved the tree, as I did the one opposite to me. We all know that the blood of animals under- goes a change as soon as it comes in contact with the atmosphere. It not only becomes altered in its nature, but it coagulates. The introduction of atmospheric gasscs produces this result. So like- wise with respect to the albumen or white of an e^g. The substance certainly is completely changed by the mere presence of heat, but what new ]>rinciple of matter is gained by the opera- tion, is, and will be for ever unknown. While the sap of plants is confined within the proper vessels, it possesses the healthful qualities necessary to it, but if a rupture takes place at the tender exti'em- ities of a limb, or, should no rupture occur, but merely a detention or congestion of sap be the consequence of the powerful rarification which the hot, moist atmosphere causes, the sap, by coming and remaining more immediately in con- tact with external gasses, will acquire deleterious qualities wholly unfit for the uses of the plant. Every compound fluid undergoes a marked change when exposed to the air. Crystals be- come deliquescent, and fluids are crystallized ac- cording to the amount of chemical agents which are present in the atmosphere. If the sap of plants, by the detention of its particles at the ex- tremities, becomes glutinous, or acrid, or otherwise vitiated, the returning vessels are no longer suited to receive it. Perhaps the tender and extremely delicate liga- ments which unite the different vessels, are de- composed by the acrid principle which the de- scending sap has acquired. Certain it is that the parts which arg overflowed by the vitiated sap have the appearance of being excoriated. Ow- ing to our imperfect knowledge of the structure of plants, we cannot ascertain whether any of the vessels be ruptured, as in cases of congestion in the animal system, or whether any of the ad- hesive membranes be decomposed. If we ma- cerate the back and leaves of a blighted limb, in' water, for six hours, an_d likewise macerate the hark and leaves of a healthy limb for the same space of time, we shall find that the acrid j)rinci- plc is more active and in greater abundance in the water in which the diseased parts were immersed, than in the other. There is therefore an excess of acid in the virus which excoriates the inner surface of the bark. A concentrated acid seems to be the base of all poisons, but they do not all necessarily emanate from the animal creation, whether dog, snake or insect. We rely much on the instinct of inferior ani- mals and insects for our safety. A rabid animal inflicts a wound, not from instinct, but from the absence of all sagacious sensation. He is in the delirium of fever. Not so with a snake or spider. It is the instinct of self-preservation, self-defence, or revenge which prompts them to inflict a wound. The instinct of animals including all that have lo:omotive powers, is seldom at fault in matters which" concern the continuance of their species. The locust, the beetle, the pea-bug, the curculio, and a number of others, puncture the bark and the fruit of trees and vegetables for the purpose of depositing their eggs, or to sustain life. The vine fretter and a number of the cater])illar tribe, abstract by suction, the juices of the leaves, and thus paralyze the leaf. But although this ulti- mately endangers the life of the plant, still it is done by the ordinary means of injuring the respir- atory organs. We do not think that any insect is endowed with a virus which is so desolatin^in its eflccts as to produce the disease called fire bhght, or if it be possessed of so deadly a poison that it would expend it gratuitou.sly on the unoffending- bark of a tree. An insect could have no possible motive for ejecting its poison unless it had a pros- ■ pect of present or future gratification. J^ative pears arc ven/ seldom touched by this mala- dy, because, in our apprehension, the sap vessels are capable of resisting the various changes of our atmosphere. This is not the case, however, with all of our fruit trees, even of tliose which have for centuries been acclimated. The quince trees, for instance, are attacked by a sjjecies of fire bliglit, which often injures them very materially; and I have seen the j'oung wood or twig of the apple tree scathed as if by lightning. In truth the electric fluid seems to be the most likely agent to produce a phenomenon of the kind. When the air is charged with electric matter, the acetous fermentation of vegetable fluid is more active, and they undergo a change at such time?. This is a fuct well known even to the ignorant, who usually attribute it to t, Esc)., in Saratoga county N. Y., deciiledly the most successful farmer in the coun- try, and to his address to the society of his county for promoting agriculture, published in another volume of your Farmer,t where he gives the de- tails of his managpiiicnt, it will be seen that he has followed the plan recommended by your cor- respondent. His system is, as I understand it, to plough shallow ; never to go below tlie rich earth or soil ; next, completely to invert the sod, and by excluding the air by rolling it hard, to produce a complete and speedy decomposition of the vo^'eta- ble substance thus turned under ; then spreading his manure on tho top of the inverted sward, ploughing it in by a very shallow furrow ; and ta- king all possible pains never to disturb the sward so as to bring the grass or herbage again upon the surface. It is by this process, and a enost careful system of alternating crops, following a succession of five or eight years, that he has succeeded in more than doubling liis |)roducts, and very greatly les.->ening the expenses of cultivation. Ill my small way, I have, by repeated ex|)eri- inents, become entirely convinced of the expedi- ency of this method, though in a conversation on the subject at the late ploughing match in Bright- on, with several experienced farmers in the vicini- ty of Boston, I found myself quite in tho minority. They preferred leaving the sod standing inclined, but not inverted and laiil flat; and were very de- termined in ])referring deep ploughing to shallow. The fact is, they obtain such large quantities of manure from the city, and enrich their grounds so abundantly, that they do not perceive the evils of bringing so much of the cold and barren earth upon the surface, which Ihey must experience, whose means of obtaining manur : are of neces- sity much smaller and morn diflicult. All coun- sels, therefore, in favor of very deep ploughing are to be received by those who do not reckon upon living as long as niethuselali, with great caution. The present top soil or enriched sur- face of the earth is tho accunndalioii of the ile- posils and accretions of many centuries ; and it must be a very bold and aspiring and)ition wlich, disdaining to use what is already on hand, chooses to place it so far bidow the surface that vegetation will derive little bem.'fit from it, and sets about the lieroic enterprise of making a now soil for itself. S. X. Jlufcust 28, 1820. Remarks by the Eitilor. — No general nilos, with regard to ploughing, will apply in all cnaos. The depth anil frequency of ploughing, the width and manner of placing the furrow slice, should be reg- ulated by the nature and r|uality of the soil, quan- tity of mamire to be used, and the |>roperties of tho vegetables proposed to be raised. Deep ploughing may be a very ])ro(itahle i)racticc in a rich and dttp loamy soil, especially when it is pre- paratory to the growth of long, and tap-rooted plants, such as nuingel wurtzel, carrots, clover, lucerne, ice. But in a shallow, fertile soil, incum- bent on a cold clay, a sandy or rocky substratum, the ploughing must of course, be somewhat super- ficial. Such soil, however, may and ought, when practicable, to be rendered deeper by degrees, ploughing up a small ijuanlily of barren earth at a time, and manuring plentifully. IMr Arthur Yoc.ng, a celebrated English agri- culturist, by attending particularly to the depth of lilowghing in various towns in England, found, that the average depth in sandy .soils, was four inches, in loamy soils four and three quarters, and in clayey soils three and an half. But in Ireland they plough much deeper ; sometimes not less than nine or ten inches. Jlr Stimson states that in the full his " ploughmen turned over the sod about three inches in depth, and from eight to ten inches in width."* " The soil of this land is a brown loam lying on a stratum of lime and sand stone, at the dej)tli of from three to six feet, projecting out of the ground occasionally on the brink of ridges." This could not be said to be a shallow soil, unless there was something different from the " brown loam" intervening between its surface and the " stratum of lime and sand sione." The projier depth for ploughing such soil, if the English practice, as stated above, is correct, would have Iieen " four and three quarters," Inches, instead of " about three inches," according to IMr Sfiinson's mode of ])loiigliing. Mr .Stimson likewise .slates that " for the first four or five years after a part of this land came into my possession, I ploughed in what little manure I saved, Jive or six inches deep. T laid out much labor and got small crops." Mr Stimson spread over the land (after he began to plough it but 3 iiichffs deep)" from six to eight three horse loads of manure per acre, and on the driest and most barren I have added three or four loads of old leached ashes — rolled it down with a roller five feet long and twenty inches in diameter. This was done to pulverize the lumps, and settle the manure and land together." The land thus jircpared was planted with corn and potatoes, and .Mr S. states," In the fall, I gathered on an average from sixty to seventy bushels of corn per acre fit for the crib, and from four hun- dred and fifty to five hundr(Ml bushels of potatoes. After the corn was harvested, the hills were har- rowed with a two horse drag. In the spring I ploughed just ilccj) enough to Itini np the old sod, which had become a fine vegetable mould," &c. The succeeding cro|) was barley, with an average produce of forty bushels per acre, &c. yMlhoiigh this was very successful culture, that of our correspondent E. P. as stated page I'J of our current volume, appears to have exceeded it. E. I*, in his second experiment ploughed sward land /rom /our to six inches deep, varying according to the depth of the soil — harrowed lightly — mo- nuicil with twenty cart loads of compost fiir two acri's, planted with corn, and his crop was estima- ted from 70 to 80 bushels to the acre. Tho seed for the next crop of r)e was put into the groi fi- without ploughing up the sod first turned unc (V- and he states that " the two acres gave me twccn four and five tons of straw, and 69J bi els of excellent grain. I had never before gi ered more than lo biLrihels to the acre. ' grass seed sowed witli the rye look well and appearance at present is favorable for a g burden of griss the next season. I have with one ploughing only taken lico crops from ground, and stocked it down to grass." It ap]iears that .Mr Stimson ploughed his gro |^ i in the fall, about three inches deep. E.I', jdoiig his in May, from four to six inches deep. Stimson applied from six to eight three h'l loails of manure jicr acre, adding on the dil ■ y«c pago 42 of iko current volunM. t Vol. s, page %j3. and most barren parts three or four loads of leached ashes, and his crop of corn was f sixty to .seventy bushels per acre. E. P. api twenty cart loads of compost to two acres, obtained by estimation, from seventy to ei; bushels of corn per acre. For the second r tion Mr Stimson ploughed in the spring just i enough to turn up the old sod, solved barley, obtained 40 bushels per acre. The second • |fi of E. P. was rye, obtained " without disturl the sward," ond amounted to C9J biishcU two acres. The principal difl^crences in the thodsby whichtbcse excellent cultivators obta their unconmion crops were in the depth of ploi ing, (Stimson ploughing but three, and E. 1*. t four to six inches deep,) and in turning iqi tlu sod for the grain crop, which was Stimson's u of culture, but E. 1*. with but one ploughing two crops, and laid his land down to grass, this process all the fiiod fiir |ilaiits containci the sward was not only ploughed under, but under the surface, insfad of being ploughec again for the second crop. Although the New York cultivator raiscil 1 crops by ploughing but three inches deci), yi our Massachusetts farmer obtained still lurgr * N. E. runner, voluiuo v. pogo 26t, ploughing from four to six inches deep, the bal of those accounts seemsto be in favor of ihc di ploughing. But neither mode of culture cm perly be called ileep ]>loughing. Arthur \'^ says " soils arc rarely found that ought ni>t t« ploughed in common, six inches deep : i ought to be stirred eight inches, and some The same writer also says, "One deep ploii^ (to the full depth) should be given once in tw eighteen or twenty-four months : if ibis be seci shallow tillage is in many cases preferable to working oftener, especially for wheat, which a firm bottom." This, however, is a subjc which justice cannot be done by a brief disi ion ; and we would beg leave to refer those would wish to pursue the inquiry, to the England Farmer, volume ii. p. 113, 111, I'Jl iii,p. 126, vol. vi, p. 229. Ii' NEATNESS IN A DAIRY. 1 know not how it is, Mr Editor, luit son our ilairy women, who would be highly olVei by the slightest imputation of negligence or > of cleanliness in their work, and who pride tl selves on their personal neatness, are, nevenhc in the careless habit of trusting to combs, moi less in number, to keep up their liair I forgot that however well it may bo piU up in this i yet tho exertion of cutting curd, beating washing butter, iVc. &c., will soon di.sarraiig and subject tho otherwise tidy housewife to 'oI.VIlI.— No.8. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 59 mtation of slovenliness: for what can be more justing than to see a stray hair di-ajrging out full length upon the edge of your butter knife, to trace the same filthy line through half a " 5' ;en slices of a cheese ? ' believe the character of many a dairy has n ruiued by such an accident, and the sale of 'S produce injured; it is therefore matter of as- ishment, that the practice is not universally fol- ed, which I have seen adopted by our thorough- leat women, of always binding their hair up sely under a handkerchief before they enter on work of the dairy. Should any of your ders feel safe under cover of a cap, from these ctures, they are mistaken. "''Il Avould further observe that children should er be allowed to hang round those who are ;aged in the dairy, particularly young girls who ar long hair, much to their own inconvenience warm weather, and to the annoyance of all und them ; for it is either hanging about their in a most slovenly manner, or they are for r taking it down and putting it up. I have ab- Litely seen a child go through this operation If a dozen times in the room where the work a reputedly nice dairy was going on, unnoticed 1 unreproved. ' Thinks I to myself," if I vmst " eat my peck dirt," at least let it be in any other shape but A SUBSCRIBER. Bristol County, Sept. 8, 1829. NEW APPLE. Mr J. B. Russell, Dear Sir — I send you a specimen of a new- seedling apple, of good size, red color, and a high aromatic flavor, which is highly esteetned hero, as an early fruit. You will judge of its good or bad quality by the fruit itseJf. It usually ripens here about the 20th of August. It does not keep long. It is a native of Winthrop, (adjoining this town) and is known by the name of the Jf'ooil .Upple The parent tree is dead. But there are trees enough from which scions may be obtained; and, if desired, I will send the Massachusetts Horticultural Society a quantity of the scions next spring, for distribution among its members. Yours truly, FRANKLIN GLAZIER. HaUoiceU, Me. Sept. 1, 1829. Tlie fruit mentioned above has arrived in o;ood ordir, and will be examined at Ihe Hall of llie Horlici'liural .Society, to- FOR THE NhW ENGLAND FARMER. Mr Russell — The follow^ing was just sent me Mr Storm, a very intelligent and respectable riculturist. I should be glad to have it published our valuable New England Farmer, if thought isable. Y'ours truly, GRANT THORBURN. ye|.Veiu York, Sept. 7, 1829. SCORING PEACH TREES. Mr Grant Thorburn — Last fall I observed It one of my best and largest peach trees ap- ared to be dying. And I had ftilly determined dig it up, supposing it to be past recovery. But iig loth to lose it, I spared it, and in the lat- part of November last I scored it on three es, cutting quite through the bark lo the solid lod down to the root. On the largest limbs, as h as I could reach, I cut one score. Large antities of gum issued from the incisions during 3 winter and spring, which I carefully scraped ", after every heavy rain, at times nearly a half n from one tree. Quite early in the season I d the pleasure to see evident signs of resuscita- n, and the tree became loaded with blossoms, d has since yielded a handsome portion of ex- llent fruit. As soon as I saw the effect of the 3ring on this tree, I scored all my other ])cach !es, and also my plum trees. From this I think e fall scoring is preferable. Yet the trees lich I scored the last spring have borne better an at any time heretofore. Now whether my ccess is owing to the favorable season, or to the orino-, I am not yet fully competent to determine, jt I am strongly inclined to believe that it is " ving to the latter. Conscious of your anxiety promote useful and valuable improvements, I ivo taken the liberty to communicate the fore- )ing. And remain, with sentiments of due re- ject, youra faithfully. THOMAS STORM. Kip^s Bay, September 3, 1829. Curious Fact in the Economy of Bees. — M. de Jonas de Gelieu, pastor of the churches of Co- lumbier and Auvernier, in the principality of Neuf- chatel, Switzerland in a work translated into Eng- lish, under the title of the Bee Preserver, or Prac- tical directions for preserving and renewing hives, affirms a very imj)ortant and singular fact with re- gard to the economy of bees. It is, that " when two or three distinct hives are united in autumn, they are foimd to consume together scarcely more honey during the winter than each of them would have consumed singly, if left separate." In proof of this remarkable result, the author states a vari- ety of experiments to which he had recourse, and all of which led uniformly to the same conclusion. And, indeed, he shows positively by a reference to upwards of thirty hives, six of which had their population thus doubled, that the latter do not consume more provisions during the winter than a single hive does, and that, so far are the bees from suffering from this, the double hives generally send forth the earliest and best swarms. The translator, says the Quarterly JotU'nal of Agricul- ture, who is a lady of great accomplishments, and habits of correct observation, has practised in Scotland most of the plans recommended in the original work, with the same results as the author. — American Fanner. RAISING OF COLTS. The following answers were returned by Will- iam R. Johnson, Esq. to questions propounded by John Marshall, Esq. of Fauquier county, Virginia. — American Farmer. Senate Chamher, Feb. 4, 1829. 1. Keep the colts in ])retty good order, not too fat, until they are two years old, then break them " gently." 2. Keep them in lots, it does not matter as to size, taking care not to allow them to see other horses more than possible. 3 and 4. Grass lots are best, and shoj-t grass. 5. Dry food mostly — when young, cut oats. 6. Give corn in the winter ; oats in the sum- mer ; not more at a time than they eat clean. When they are once fat very light feeding is best. 7. It is not at all necessary to rub them until they are two years old. 8. Wean the colts at about six months old. Should the above answers to your questions not be sufficiently explicit, they will be with great pleasure added to. Respectfully, John Marshall, Esq,. Wsi. R. Johnson. At the last exhibition of the N. Y. Horticultu- ral Societj', Mr Samuel Downer, of Dorchester, Mass. presented specikiens of four different kinds of pears, which he designates by the names of Bartlet, Andrews, Epargne, and St Ghelien, and all of which were considered as very superior. A large fine flavored Pine Apple, raised by Her- man Thorn, was pronounced to be of the best quality. Capt. C. Holmes presented some beauti- ful specitnens of large Magnum Bonum Plum — 6 of them weighed 13 oz. 3 dwts. and 8 grains. Savoy Cabbages, weight of which averaged 3 lb. 12 oz. per head ; Orange Carrots, 1 lb. each : and 12 beets, weighing 9 lb. 11 oz. from Mr George Still. Mr Grant Thorburn presented a very splendid Flower of Amaryllis Josephines ; specimens also of rare and curious i)lants from his green house, among them Lagerstroemia indica, Coffea Arabica, Arabian Coffee Tree ; Theaviridis, or Green Tea Tree ; Lauras Camphora, Camphor Tree ; Dorste- nia Contrayerva, Ruscus Racemosust, Alexandrian Laurel, &c. TO MAKE TOMATO KETCHUP. Take a quantity of ripe tomatos, (say two gal Ions,) cut them in small pieces, put them in a clean earthen pot or jar, about half a jiound of salt, a tablespoonful of allspice, the same quantity of (lepper, a quarter of an ounce of mace, tie the jar up close, put it in an oven after the bread is taken out, and let it stand all night, and repeat it three times when you bake bread ; then strain itoff and bottle it, and it is much better than mushroom ketchup for all kinds of culinary purposes. Tomato Sauce. — Peel and slice 12 tomatoes, add 3 pounded crackers, pepper and salt them to your taste — stew them 15 minutes. — Communicated. Ri/ig Worm. — After I had the tetter nearly twenty years on my hand, and had used dollars worth of celebrated tetter ointment, which took off' the skin repeatedly without efliecting a cure, a friend advised nie to obtain some Blood Root, (called also Red Root, Indian Paint, &c.) to slice it in vinegar, and afterwards wash the place af- fected with the liquid. I did so, and in a few days the dry scurf was removed, and my diseased hand w;ls as whole as the other. — American Far. Bunch Grass. — The bunch grass is an abundant crop this season. The rains that fell at the end of April and beginning of May gave the roots a firm hold in the ground, and the crop has exceed- ed exjtectation both in quantity and quality. The bunches, as usual, are sold at lid, and are as large as they have been for a number of j'ears. The bunches run from six to eight pounds, accord- ing to their state of humidity — when taken by weight, about half the price of the old potatoes. — Edinburgh Scotsman. The number of sheep lost by what is called " the rot," this season in the west of England, ex- ceeds 100,000. One farmer who rents an estate of Mr Ilussey, of Marnhall, near Shaftsbury, has lost every cow and every sheep on his farm. — lb. Bees. — A very curious apparatus has been con- structed in the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire, to give intimation of the swarming of bees. When the bees are swarming, their weight rings a bell, and raises a flag upon a pole to any height required, and at the same time indicates the weight of the swarm.-^GlasgoiD Jour. 60 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, gtpt. 11, 1S29. r-*i roR TUE HEW E.tGLAXll FABHER. ANTIQUITY AND CXCELLENCY OF AG- lUCLLTLRE. Mr Fesse.nbe.n — Uendiiig in the New En<,'lun(} Farmer of tlio l-llli August, au extract from an address, occasioned the following rellcctions ; which you will give a place id your paper if you cioose. Agricidturo has formerly been considtTcd a low calling — hut t>li:dl tliat culling be deemed mean, from the various branches of which, the King of kings mill l.ord of lords borrows names as his sig- nificant titles ? as, Shepherd — Lord of the bar- vest, &c. \ Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the most profound [jhilosophers of bis timi>. Brought up in one of the most si)lLiidid courts of the world, (lud the adopted son of I'liaraoh's daughter, — aud fmally, to consummate hisgrcalness, hc,atlen;l- c We have noticed that most, perhaps all. of Lyceums iu this slate, take the form of deba societies. Tiiis appears to us, injudicious, leads to the choice of questions for discussion, both sides of which, the arguments appear ti nearly equal, and on which, therefore, it is iliili. to give a decision. Such questions arc not je rally, the most profitable ; nor are they likeh be satisfactorily decided, except in the miiul the disputants ; each of whom will be too lil, to decide in favor of the side he has defi'iu The speakers also, will labor, not purely for In but partly for victory. Our advice would be this: — .As the season '''^ vances, and evtningn come again, let those v wish fi>r a Lyceum, begin. Let them not to enlist the whole town, and do something spl did — hut uEoiN. Let them select some «i>rk Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, History, or wl ever they wish most to understand. Lci th assemble statedly to read it, and to converse uj it, and thus help each other to understand il. there are more than two of them, let one chairman, for the sake of order. Let them fr time to time, appoint such other oflieers, adopt such regulations, ns they shall find neces ry. IaI them have confidence in Ihtmselirf persevere in their iinilertaking, and the) have a good, profitable, and respectable Lvc-cu SutVu'ieiit talents are lobe found in every M-hi district, and all who know enough to dr~ire have information enough to n|:tiiN, wiih a n Ronable prospect of success. — I'ermonI Chroiiid Vol. VIII.— No. 8. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Gl From the Baltrmorc A 'seful to American Farmers. — The following de- Edptioii is taken from llie Asylum of Arts in cijnce, by a French gentleman, who is friendly to agricultural industry of the United States of uiierica : — A machine for breaking and dressing of flax and Si ip was invented by a Frencli gentleman about ■ year 1814, under the offered bounty of Napo- i" of 1,200,000 francs. A description from a » wing, is as follows : — There arc from 60 to 88 of fluted rollers, the top rollers riding those the bottom, and each pair lying by the side of li other so closely as to receive the fla.x or ip from one pair to the other, until it passes )Ugh the whole range. At the end of every ni oai roller, there are pinion wheels, and wheels ight angles to drive them, and the latter set in i ion by the power given at the head of the iiihine. Tlie to|) rollers are lever weighted on bottom rollers, and the latter give motion to I I former, by the said motion at the head of the 01 ;hine. The rollers lie in a horizontal |)osition, i r ends bearing or resting in stands, and their )le range forming a level flat surface upon the as well as the bottom. The machine has aprons, one for feeding and the other for re- ing the hem]) after dressed, &c. &c. It is iijl tliat the machine will break and dress 2000 nds per day, and will take ten hands to tend advantage, averaging after completed, 200 11 nds per each person employed. Ere long I send over a description of the Linen Spin- t J, although complicated with needles aiid rollers, it may answer on small scales. It appears the linen machinery has never been effected hat simplicity and facility of operation, as that otton, and if ever found out, it must be by an erican, as centuries have passed away in Eu- , w ithout the discovery. I desire that every erican newspaper, friendly to agriculture, will ! the above an insertion, for the beneflt of the 1 oers, &c." LAW AND MEniCTNE. '^^ le followlbg^ arlicle is from ihe August number "of Flinl's J leru Review. Vhere can you go, where there are not at least :e as many aspirants for the practice of law medicine, as can find honorable subsistence employment in those professions ? — What t !t be the occupation of these supernumeraries ble to dig, ashamed to beg, and with minds rpened by cultivation, study, pride, and ainbi- , and looking upon laws as man traps, and so y as fair game ? It is out of the question, that •e is a ruinous propensity in the great mass of people to train their children to live by their !, instead of their industry. We know not (I r others regard this uiiha|)py inclination. To t is one of the most fearful omens of our day. e, it must ultimately correct itself But what nidable armies of scheming dandies, and of ■dy and bustling demagogues, and reckless ed- vvill be forced upon the conununity, born to up the corn, and compelled to raise the wind, :, as moon cursors and wreckers, they may 5t by the confusion ! Mr Este recommends, ; the pursuit of agriculture swallow up these ernumeraries, who, instead of making lia- , gycs and stump speeches, and energizing king cus, may be more usefully employed to make blades of wheat glow where only one grew ore. There is a plant cultivated in Lancaster county Pemisylvania, which is considered an excellent substitute for chocolate. It is the holcus bicolor of Welldcnow, from the seed of which is made a beverage resembling in color, taste, and njauy other qualities, the conmion chocolate. The plant is an annual, 8 or 10 feet in height, and re- sembles the common broom. The holcus bicolor is a native of Persia, and grows well in this coun- try. A single plant will yield seed enough to produce by a second year's crop, a sufiicicncy to furnish a family of six or eight |)ersons for a whole year, with a good and nourishing beverage, which is supi)osed to be preferable to tea or coffee. — It is thus prepared : — The seeds and husks arc ground in a coffee-mill into grains somewhat smaller than ground coffee : it is then boiled over a slow fire, with a sufficient quantity of milk, and a small piece of butter, until the beverage assumes a chocolate color, which it receives from the husks. The liquor is then strained through gauze and sweetened till palateable. From ihe Kentucky Reporter. THE WEEVIL. I am an old miller, and have observed tlie |iro- gress of the weevil for many years, and I ofl'er you my opinion as to the mode of saving your wheat. The eggof the weevil is deposited in the wheat while growing. When the grain is put in bulk, it usually becomes moist and warm, the egg is then hatclied into a worm, and whilst in that state, it injures the wheat. AVithout this warmth, the egg does not hatch, and the grain remains sound. Then to prevent the hatching of the weevil, the wheat must be kept cool. The most certain way to this, is to dry it well in the sun, and then sj)reud it th'jQ on a cool floor until used or sold. This mode of saving wheat proved successfid in many instances last season ; and where it was carefully attended to, in no instance failed, as far as I have understood. There is another mode of preserv- ing wheat, which is equally effectual : that is, kiln drying it, which kills the weevil in the egg. And sometimes it is saved by leaving it in the field in hand shocks for ten days or two weeks, if during that time the sun shines very hot. The great heat of the sun operates like a kiln to de- stroy the weevil. If, however, the wheat is well dried and kept cool afterwards, that is all that is necessary. To accomplish this, it must not be put in bulk, in gar- ners, or in rail-pens ; because in that situation it undergoes a sweat that generally hatches the worm. When well dried, sjiread it out on a cool dry floor, and doubt not it will escape the weevil. F. KEATLY. Lexington Steam Mill, Jitli/ 4, 1829. Milkweed. (Jtsclepias Srjriaca.) — Under Gree>'s, we have mentioned the yoimg stalks of this plant, as an article of food. The plant is also called silk weed, on account of the pod it produces, which contains a vegetable silk. This, adhering to the seeds, is calculated to waft them by the wind in every direction. This plant has been considered as a troublesome weed, in much of the northern parts of this state; but perhaps the use which may be made of the pods, of the leaves, and of the milk^of the plant, may be found much more than sufficient to coun- terbalance any inconvenience to be suffered from it. We will first point out the use made of the pods, in France, as communicated by Mr Genet : — ' Tlie silky substance collected from that plant, is used in France, with great advantage, and is cultivated under the luimc of houalte or tvading. They card it, spin it, ajid manufacture it into vel- vets, cloth, and hose, with or withouf" the in- termixture of cotton or silk. ' It is also used for wading to stulT quilts and counteriianes ; and for that purpose it is far prefer- able to cotton, being warmer and lighter. To card it by itself, they expose it in bags to the steam of water ; but, mixed with silk or cotton, it does not require the intervention of the steam, to be made into rolls and spun. The velvets and other textures made of that vegetable silk, which I have scon in Europe, resembled, if not excelled, the brilliancy of the silk ; and, with proper mordants, had received the most elegant coloring.' 3Ir Genet subsequently adds ; — ' I have been informed that a French gentleman, who attends the dyers' department of the manufactory of Mr Lynch, at Rome, has discovered that the leaves of the asclepias, and probably of all the apoci- nums, were an excellent substitute for woad.' Dr Low, of Albany, has also observed ' that the milky juices of the asclepias were equal, if not superior, in many respects, to the opium ex- tracted from the white poppy.' Thus it appears that this i)lant aflbrds food, clothing, medicine, and matter for coloring. Pro- bably its cultivation may yet be found a matter of con.siderable importance. We have also seen the pods gathered, as a sub- stute for feathers, in making beds. We believe they might be most advantageously mixed with feathers, for that jiurpose. — Farmer''s Assistant. Butter. — The quality of butter depends very much on forcing out the milk after it is churned. This should be done with as little working as pos- sible. The more it is worked, the more tough it becomes. This being the case, could not a more easy method be devised than the present laborious one, of kneading and pressing it out by the hand? — Loudon says, for butter of a good quality, the cream should be skimmed oft' in about twelve hoijrs after the milk is put into the pans ; but for the very best, it should be separated from the milk after having stood three or four hours. Twanily says, " a thurner should be of a cool phlegmatic temper, and of a sedate disposition and character." These qualifications he thinks are ne- cessary, in order to keep a steady stroke, on which the speedy "coming" of the butter depends. — J\I'.Y. Farmer. J. S. Skinner, Esq. editor of the American Far- mer, published in Baltimore, has issued a sample number of a periodical, to be published monthly, entitled the "American Turf Register and Sport- ing Magazine." It will contain the pedigree of valuable horses, information touching the disease.? and cure of domestic animaks, advice to gunners, notices of races, of sporting, gaming fishing, and hints generally as to those amusements. The price is $5 per annum, to contain plates. American Planks. — Cobbett, has imported into England from the United States, a quantity of American planks, for the'purpose of showing the English planters of forest trees, the vast size and properties of American trees, of which they form a part. 02 NRW ENGLAND 1 ARMEH, !C|)t. 11, 1829.- H JVEW ENGLAND FAUMEU. 4 BOSTON, lUIUAV, SKrTKMHini U, 1829. BOSTON^10l:^^K^OI•^^UL>^KY AND HOUfiK OF REFOIOIATKJN. Wc lulely spi'iil an hour or two, mtv a^'icca- bly, ill visiliiiiT llifso useful aiul liiglilv imercsting eslaliliiiliiiicnl.s Tla-y arc plcasanlly filiiatod on tlie iimrgiii of the sea in South Boston, in the midbl of fields anil gnrilens, teeming with luxuri- ant vci,'elaiiun, and exliihiting iiiiluliitahle eviden- ces of juilicioiis and iiiileliuigahlc culcure. Cvery thing within and without iloors wore the marks of neatnesfi, order, economy, convenience and com- fort. It was pleasing to sec so many human be- ings, snatched like brands from the hMniiiig, pre- vented from becoming victims to iiKlJL'incc and vice, and placed in an asylum from the evils which awaited them while paupers or criminals, infesting and depredating on society at large. We were liighly gratified in observing, that in providing for the wants of the body, those of the mind were not overlooked. Schools on the Lan- caster and I'cstulozzian principle were filled with promising and intelligent |iupils, who stood the test of examination in a way which woidd have done honor to students of higher prttc iisions and superior standing. The, juvenile dcrmciuciils, who were placed in the House of Reformation, under the tutelage of the Rev. 3Ir Wells, exhibited such an acciuaintance with geography, geology, mete- orology, and other branches of science, not usually taught in common schools, as not only pleas- ed but surjirised us. If it be true, as has been shrewdly observed, (and we believe the maxim is perfectly correct) that knowledge is virtue as well as power, Sir Wells is leading those "Juvenile OtVendeis" the shortest and surest way to " l{e- forination." PAINTING LIGHTNINO RODri. Mr. Fe3sf..ndE-N — Will you liave the goodness to inform me .soon, whether painting an iron lightning rod, with lamp black and oil is injurious to it iui a conductor — and whether it will, or will not make it unsafe, and much oblige Your most obedient, - JOSEPH HALL. East Smidwich, .lug. 23, 1829. Remarks by the Editor. — Wc believe it is not customary, in this vicinity, to paint conductors of lightning, and they are of course often injurcrought thrni all at once in one hand ; now the boily of each one of the seven is of the size of a man's arm, and has numerous branches, many of which arc from six to seven feet in length. The pruning,if at all, shiiiiM bo done early in the spring, and the wound I occusiiiiied by taking olftlie limbs, will before au- tumn, be completely covered ami healed over. It is more easily propagated, than either the Wil) or Lomburdy Poplar, by cuttings, stuck bciw one and two feet in the ground. This fad, I h proven by experiments, maue by myself. If corporation, instead of filling the Park and Pait with a very leormy and often dirty tree, the Sj more, sometimes culled the Button Hull, planted the East India Mulberry, wc sbouh less than four years, have bad the groumls t ered like a forest, with a rich, deep, clean shi which would be very acctjitable, during warm season, to many of the inhabitants of city. Persons having bouses and gardens that t arc desirous of ornamenting, while riding out health or pleasure, would do well to couie up to village of Ureenwich, pass through Cbristopl street, and notice the East India Mulberry Tr» -V. y. In.,uir Tlie first anniversary of the Albany Horticul al Society was celebrated on the 1st inst. exhibition of fruits, flowers and vegetables wai ry extensive, and was thronged by ladies and j tlemen. An able .Address was delivered by President, Judge Blei., which we shall publis The anniversary of the New York Horiicult Society was held on the 8th. Further partici with regard to both festivals will be given ne.xt w Bbightos Market. — Monday, Sept. '7. (Reporlcd for llie Chronicle and Palrioi.) The market was anticipated by some of drovers, and on Friday last 112 lietj" Cattle \ driven in, anil about 00 sold. Taken in con ion with those at market tliis day, makes number 637, since our last report, nearly all and at about our last week's prices, lint good cattle at market, and most of them am and were sold on Friday. nt§5pcrcwt. wards the close of the market, this day, ((uulities went oflT heavily, even at very prices. Store Cattle, dull — 2-J8 at market — a par them old aciiuaintnnces, which were dispose at very low jiriccs, or, as the drover would it, " he gave them away." Sheep — 3878 ot market — nearly all sold — of Sheep and Lambs were sold generally, at $1 33 a 1 67 Jicr head — Wc noticed.the sale o small \ol prime lambs at $1 87, and one do. a Thin qualities, of which there were very res| able numbers, were sold very low. We havi thing rcinarkablo to record of the Mutton nia except the sale of 10 prime wethers at j'.'i Suine — Since our last rejiort, 972 have con market. .About 650 on the ground this mor including 37 unsold last week. Market cxtre dull — a few were sold singly at -i a -L^ cts p« One lot of 75, and one of -17 were taken, p not exactly known, supposed one lot at a more than 3 ctsjicr lb. and the other for a > less. MiissachiiseKs llorticullurat Sorirlij. — The slio XJErapes. native and rare Kruits am) Flowers, nt the of the Society on Saturday last, wi\s iinroiniiionly I The following parlicularlr deserve notice. From tlio lion. John Lo« rii., a tine Iniii. 1 Malaga tirapc, weighing ihrtt pounds — a Ihm Illnck llaniliiirg Crape, weighing ono lb. fiv.- and a siu-cimon of the friiit of tJio edible PnsM. :i (pttssiliora rilulif) — also a spccimrn of the Cipi.tu pear, Iroiii llie original tree received tVoin .Mr KsH garden in Knglnnd. [\ valuable roniniunicalion Sir l.owri.i. wa.i road before the Soricty, on the en of the .*'wi"pt I'otalo, and tlio importniiro of scIm tho right sorts Tliia will be published in the ntit England Fanner ] .VIII.— No. 8. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 63 rom Mf Mi.NNiNG, of Salem, several rave andlieauti- arieties of Apples and Pears — several of which are ribed by Forsj'th and Cox, and in the Poniological inc, — amono- which were the Kerry Pippin, the d Green "fable Fear, the Beurrc Capiaumont , the Monstrous Pippin, or New York Gloria Mundi ,d the Red Junetting and Drap D'or, of Bloodgood's ilogiio. Mr Samuel W\rd, of Roxbury, a basket of Joston Epargne, or Harvard Pear, of great beauty flavor — si.x of them averaging five ounces each. Hksjamin Thomas, Esq. of Hinghani,a basket of superior seedling pears, resembling very much the ashioned St. Germain in flavor — this was considered )f tbe greatest acquisitions yet made known, with •d to native pears — considering the superior flavor e fruit, its great productiveness, and tlie certainty being a seedling. Mr Thomas will soon give a 3ular d'escription and history of the pear, and fur- the scions ne.xt spring for distribution among the bers. am Mr A. D. Williams, of Roxbury, several varie- f rare fruits ; among which was the Forelle pear, pe) of extraordinary beauty. This was raised from given by Mr Lowell, and originally received by i-om London. A particular description of this pear r. Lowell, will be found in the Now England Far- vol. vii. p. 301. her fine specimens of fruit were exhibited by Z. Jr. Esq. of Dorchester — Jon.v Peinck, Jr. Esq. of n^Col. Jaqles, of Charlestown — Mr N. Daven- of Milton— and Mr R. Uban.v, of Dorchester, 'enty five new members wort> admitted at this ing. NIVERSARY OF THE MASSACHU- ETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. e Standing Committee of the Massachusetts Hor- ural Society, on ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Flow- &c., request that members of the Society, and s favorably disposed, should forward to the Socie- lall, or to the place of dining, (which will be an- ed in the next New England Farmer, and other s) such ornamental plants, orange and lemon tree^, ts of beautiful flowers, festoons and wreaths, as end to the floral decoration of the dining hall. — will be taken of such plants as it may be desirable /e returned. Per order. R. L. EMMONS, Chairman. e Committee on Fruits, &c. of the Massachusetts cultural Society respectfully invite all members of ociety, and others, who may wish to promote its , to furnish for the approaching festival of the ty, such fruits as may be deemed worthy the occa- as grapes, plums, peaches, pears, apples, melons, especially all such as may be considered new, or )r particularly fine. This, besides adding to the st and pleasures of the festival, may serve to make 1 new and valuable varieties of fruits, which often a for many years entirely unknown, except in the liate neighborhood where they arc raised. They ! sent to the Society's Hall No. 52 North Market ,, care of Mr J. B. Russell, by Friday the 18th t. — Any fruits sent from New York, by the Steam line, directed as above, would probably reach J 1 in good order, if properly packed. Gentlemen quested to label all fruits with the name of the Per order, E. FHINNEY, Chairman. We learn with pleasure that an Address may be ;ed on the above occasion, by the President, Gen. BORN. e Dining Hall will be open for examination to la- id Others, from 9 A. M. till 1 o'clock. Tickets may d at the Oflice of the New England Farmer, in 1, at Mr. J. M. Ives' Bookstore in Salem, and of of the Committee of Arrangements. — Editor. Thornloii's British Flora. For sale at the New England Farmer Office, No. 52, North Market Street, one copy only of The British Flora, or Genera and Species of British Plants; ar- ranged after the reformed se.xual system, and illustrated by numerous tables and directions ; — by R. J. Thorn- ton. M. D. — London edition, price $3,00 per volume, — in 2 vols, royal octavo, with 423 Plates. Maltese Jacks for sale. For sale three fine Maltese Jacks, 14 hands high, su»- posed to be the largest ever seen in this country — two of them dark color, one gray. Apply at the N. E. Farmer Oflice. Sept. 4. JfTiite Mulberry Seed. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. .52, North Market-street, 20 lbs. White Mulberry Seed, raised at Coventry, Conn, this season, and saved expressly for us. War- ranted of the very first quality. Sept. 4. Correspondents. — An interesting article from tJTTALL, Curator of the Botanic Garden at Cam- — " Anglicanus" on Live Fences — and some otli- fl re received too late for this week's paper. Box, for Garden Borders. lantity of well grown Box, suitable for garden s and small hedges, may be had of Ira Jidavis^ at irden of E. T. jindreios, near the turnpike gate, ;"' le Dorchester turnpike, about a mile and a om the Free Bridge. 3t Sept. 11. European Leeches, ^x. Ebenezer Wight, 40 Milk Street, has made such ar- rangements as will enable him to be constantly supplied with the genuine medical leach. He has now on hand some of very large size and in prime order. Just received by late arrivals, a few pounds of Chiray- ita herb, — ^Concentrated Compound decoction of Sarsa- parilla — Silver wire Tooth brushes from the manufac- tory of James Prout of London. Also, from the manufactory of Shepherd of London, the following variety of medicated lozentrcs — viz. colts- foot— Rhubarb — Soda — Tolu — Heartburn — Paregoric — Magnesia— Steel — Camomile — Nitre— Cayenne — Opium Fruit — Ginger — Anniseed — Ipecacuanha — Lemon — Rose — Peppermint and Sulphur. ^* Strict personal attention paid to Pliysicians' pre- scriptions, and family medicines. Sept. 11. 3t Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Clevelaiicl. the two English liorses, wiil stand for ilie season al (heir stable in Brigliton. Barefoot al §25, and Cleveland at glO, with gl (or the groom. ail Bremen Geese, For sale 10 pairBrenien Geese of genuine breed, color pure white; — someofthis breed, raised by the person who offers the above, have weighed 19 lbs. each when dressed for the ipit.— Inquire al the IVnw England Farmer office. ■ Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Charlestown 'Vineyard, on the South Side of Bunker's Hill, opposite Charlestown tide mills, Wilmolt's superb Str.awberry Plants, at 25 cents per plant, potted, or $'20 per hundred. Also, the following kinds at $1 per bundled: Downton Strawberry, Pine Strawberry, Mulberry Strawberry, Bath Scarlet, and Royal Scarlet; from the last mentioned sort were produced the first Strawberries in Boston market this season, which sold for one dollar per box. DAVID HAGGERSTON. (ItJ-The above plants are for sale, also, at J. B. Rus- sell's Seed Store, No. 52, North Market street, at the same price. Aug. 21. Seeds for the West Indies. Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading to the West Indies, can be furnished with boxes of Seeds, assorted, suitable for that market, at from g'2 to g5 per bo.\. Each of the S5 boxes contains upwards of sixty different kinds of seeds, veg- etable and ornamental, in quantities suitable for a common kitchen garden. The ^i boxes contain twenty-five different varieties of vegetable seeds, with the English a-nJ French names auached. Also, 200 pounds of English white flat turnip seed, growth of 1329. With the greatest variety of seed to be found in New England, wholesale and retail, warranted pure and fresh.— For <*ile by J. B. RUSSELL, al the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston. eplf Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Lectures in Harvard University will begin in the Massachusetts Medical College. Mason street, Boston, the third WEDNESD.\Y in October next, the 21st, at nine o'clock, A. M. Anatomy and Surgery, Chemistry, Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence, Materia Medica, Theory and Practice of Physic, Students attending the Medical Lectures are admitted with- out fee, to the Surgical operations, and clinical practice of the Massachusetts General Hospital during Ihe courses. Aug. 3. eptmeeling W. CHANNING, Dean. Dr Warren, l)T Webster. Dr Channing. V>r Bigelow. Dr Jackson. Bulbous Roots. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the N. England Farmer, No. 52, North Market street, A fine collection of Bulbous Roots, comprising Hya- cinths, 12 1-2 cts. each, .$1 per i!oz.— TV(?/>is, 12 1-2 cts. each, $\ perdoz.; a few superior named roots, 25 to 50 cents each — Marcissus, double yellow, and white, $1 per dozen, 12 1-2 cents each — JuwiuiHes, sweet scented, same price — Crocus, various sorts, 50 cents per dozen — Crnwn. Imperials, double yellow, crimson, and red, 37 1-2 to 50 cents each — Sword Lily roots, 25 cts. each. Aug. 21. Hyacinths. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- land Farmer, 52 North Market st, A collection of Hyacinth Roots, of mixed colors, in fine order for transplanting, either into pots, or the garden,— price twelve and a half cts single— one dollar per dozen.— They can be safely packed for any part of ihe union. If Type and Printing Materials For Sale. The following founts of Type are offered for sale al about half their original cost. IGO lbs Pita, bought of Boston Type and Stereotype Found- rv 18''G;460 lbs. of Pica. do. do. 1827-8; 1200 llis. Small |-ca,do. do. 1327-8; 100 lbs. Small Pica, do. do. 1828 ; 800 lbs. iLong Primer, do. do. 1827-8 ; 300 lbs. Bourgeois, do. do. 1823 ; 4(30 lbs. Brevier, do, do. 1827-8 ; 48 lbs. Canon ; 45 lbs. Double Pica ; 17 lbs Double Paragon, and several other founts of Job Letter. The above founts can be divided if required. Also, 5 Case Stands j 30 Type Cases; 10 Composing Slicks; 8 Demi and Medium Chases ; 2 Copper Galleys ; 2 Medium Washino-ton Presses, bought of Rust & Turiiey, 1828; 1 Stand- ing Press ; 2 Banks; 100 lbs. Leads ; 30 reams S'3,50 paper. Apply to John B. Russell, 52 North Market street, post paid PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. ► ROM TO APPLES, best. barrel. ASHES, pot, first sort, ton. 125 00 130 CO Pearl, first sort, - ** 125 00 130 00 r.EANS, while. bushel. 90 1 00 BEEF, mess, barrel. 10 50 11 00 " 9 SO 10 00 Cargo, No. 2, 8 00 8 50 BUTTE K., inspected, No. l,ncw, pound. 13 15 CHEESE, new milk, " 9 Skimmed milk, " 2 3 FLOUR, P.altimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 6 00 6 25 " 5 87 6 25 Rye, best, .... " 3 50 3 75 GRAIN, Corn, . . . - bushel. 60 62 Rve, " G3 65 Barley, - - " 67 Oats, .... " 42 45 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, pound. 8 LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, clear. barrel. 16 00 17 00 Navy, mess, " 13 00 13 00 Cargo. No. 1, " 12 50 13 00 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, *' 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - - - " 3 00 Rye Grass, " 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Gra.5S, - " 3 00 Red Top - - - - •■' 02 1 OO Lucerne, . - . - pound. 38 50 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (norlhem) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, - " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . " 32 24 Merino, full blood, unwashed, " 18 25 Merino, three fourths washed, " 21i 23 Merino, half blood, " 24 3(5 BleriHO, quarter washed, '•■ 22 25 Native, washed, - " 20 30 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - " 34 32 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. « 22 25 Pulled, " spinning, first sort, " 27 30 PROTISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BY IBB. HJYWAED, (Clerk of Fanmil-hail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, . - - - MUTTON, - . . - POULTRV, - - - . BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pound. 8 " 5 " 5 f' 4 ti 10 • 1 !0 18 dozen. 11 bushel. barrel. 2 00 10 10 6 10 10 16 15 22 13 1 00 70 60 G4 NEW ENGLAND FARiMER. Sept. 11, 1829. Ml SCELLANIES. MY LAST CIGAR. The miglilv 'riitU^s, and Babylon ihe Grcal, Impirinl Home, iii lurn, liavo bowed to fate— So iliis gnM world, and,cach " particular mar," ftluM allburnoui, like you, my last Cigar, A puT, a tmiisieiil 6rc, dial ends in smoke. Arc all llial'sgivcuto man— lliat bitter joke ! — Youth, Hope, and Love, three whin's of passing zcsl— Then t-omc the asbcs, and the long, long rest. New MoHthly Magazine. iiui^'liljui'iii!,' lafiiier inruniiecl iiii that lie had rai«J I ri-inarkable fact. It has been ascertained by I a ton uii 11 toils of " now ground," sandy loam,' millers at Rochester, that seventeen kernels of 1 hilLt about eit;hi feet apart, with a peck of cotn- ; wheat of liie present season, produce as mti post manure in each. — Some of the largest were ; fine flotir, as twenty-seven kernels of the last c; a (Viot ill dininetcr — and he sold the lot, at from 6 ' diil. V. 1'. paptr. to 50 cents each — obtaining over 20 dollurs for — — tho nliolc. — Boston Pal. The N. Y. Commercial Advertiser says t water of an excellent quality has been oblaii GOOD BKCINMNG. The Legislature of Dil.iwaro has wholly abol- ished militia training's ami reviews in that State. We hail tliLs act as the first iiioveinent towards a most important national ri-form ; we mean the abolition of our pnacnt mililin system : n system, which docs more to interrupt the regular course of industry, to burden and impoverish the commii- nity, to introduce intemperance, idleness, prolani- ty, extravagance, and every species of vice, than all the other absurd institutions entailed on us by the inexpcrieuce of antitpiity. — Con. {Joitrant. Some of the Pennsylvania pa[)ers arc discuss- ing the expediency of abolishing the militia laws in that state. It is said that the expenses annu- ally incurred in Pennsylvania to support the pre- sent militia farce, amount to three millions of dollars. London — The author of o recent and able -,„ ,|,at ^'wy by boring fifty feet to the rock Treatise on the Police and Crimes of London yo,,,. hundred feet through the solid rock bilow states, that there arc probably seventy thousand surface. The water rises eighteen feet ab persons in that metropolis who regularly live by ; d,,. ^urf^ce of the ruck, and within thirty fee theft and fraud. " Most of these," he adds. " have 1 (i,c leyej of the street. SUch is the supply i parainoui^J, and their offspring, as a matter of thirty gallons a minute have Wen raised b; course, follow the example of their parents, and |ia,nl pump throughout the day without any a] recruit the general mass of mendicancy, jiroslitu- 1 ^cnt diminution of the supply. Those who oi tioii and crime." The annual amount of depreda- j gionally visit New York, as well as those who re tions committed on property exceeds two millions there, will know how to appreciate the gurrcs this experiment in boring for water. — Har{ Mirror. Ohio Wool. — The Canal boat Pioneer arrived yesterday from Massilon, brought a cargo of wool, shipped by I. Brown & Co. and consigned to A. & A. Lawrence, Boston, Mass. We believe It was taken from a flock of 4,500 sheep, kept near Ma.9silon. Wheat is selling in this village at 50 cents per bushel, and in the back towns at 37 1-2 cents. Laborers upon the line of the canal receive from 13 to 16 dollars per month, and few to be had. — Cleveland, Ohio paper, 'lug. 20. Buni/an and the Quaker.— Bunyan had a native turn for wit and reimrtec, which appears in the fiillowing story. Towards the close of his im- prisonment, a Quaker called upon him, i)robalily hoping to make a convert of the aullior of the Pilgrim. He thus addressed him : — " Friend John, I am come to thee with a message from the Lord ; and after having searched for tlice in all the prisons in England, I have found thee at last." " If the Lord had sent thee," returned lUiiiyan sarcasticaHy, "you need not have taken so much l>ains to find me out ; for the Lord knows 1 have been a prisoner in Bedford jail these twelve years past." Barnstable H'heat.—\ quantity of good wheat has been raised at Barnstable, this ycor. Form- erly it was as common a jiroduclion in that county as rye. Corn promises well — vegetables in gen- eral are abundant, and onions super-abundant. Idleness. — .A.n idle person is like one that is dead, unconcerned in the changes and necessities of the world, and he only lives to spend his time nnd cat the fruits of the earth. Like a vermin or a wolf, when their time comes, idlers die and per- ish, and ill the mean time do no good : — they neither plough nor carry burthens : all that they do is cither unprofitable or mischievous. Idleness is the greatest prodigality in the world : it throws away that which is invaluable in respect of its pre- iient use, and irreparable when it is past, being to be recovered by no power of art or nature. — Jer- emy Taylor. A new lithographic process has been announced in France, which, besides other advantages, issaid to be much cheaper, and much more rapidly per- formed than any other process hitherto discovered. h'ate.r Melons. — The present bus been a fine season fur water melons in Massachusetts. A CONUNDRUM. Why are the females of the present day, like the lilly in the Scriptures ? " Because they toil not, neither do they spin ; yet Solomon in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these." Near Calcutta, in India, a Botanic Garden of about 300 acres has been long established and liberally endowed. APHORISMS. A man has no more right to say an uncivil thing, tlian to act one — no more right to say a rude thing to another, than to knock him down — Johnson. A person who is too nice an observer of the business of a crowd, like one that is too curious in observing the labor of the bees, will often be stung for his curiosity. — Pope. Surmise is the gossamer that malice blows on fair reputation, the corroding dew that destroys the choice blossom. Surmise is primarily the squint of suspicion, and suspicion is established before it is confirmed. — Zimmerman. Avoid him, who from mere curiosity asks three questions running, about a thing that cannot inter- est him'. — Lavalcr. There is no defence against reproach but ob- scurity ; it is a kind of concomitant to greatness, as satires and invectives were an essential part of a Roman triumph. — .Iddi-ion. Receive no satisfaction for [)remeditnted imper- tinence ; forget it, forgive it, but keep him inexor- ably at u distance who olVcred it. — liovattr. Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. — Swift. Productiveness of the crops. — Wo spoko tho other day of tho great yield of wheat from tho fields of the west. Wo arc now enabled to odd another Captain Basil Halt. — " What stones are tlics said Capt. Hall to a pavicr who was very bus laying curb stones on one of the side walks, li ing to the Capitol at Washington. Tho pa looked up at the inquirer, and deriving an u vorable impression, as to his character, from first glance at his features, deliberately detenu to quiz him, instead of making a civil and satit tory rejily. " What stones are these ? '* rcpc Capt. Hall, impatiently. "They arc such slot returned the pavier, "as we use for curb slot " Where do you get this stones ? " said the ' tain. " At Capt. Folsom's," was the reply. "' is Capt. Folsomr" " Cajit. Fulsomisthecontn for furnishing stone." " \\niere," said the Ca| in utter despair, "docs Copt. Folsom get stones ? " Here the fellow with a sly ' loo triumph, gravely replied, " that is Capt. Fuls look out, not mine." — Palladium. Strawberry Plants. For sale at Ihe nrighton Nursery IitlO plants of the I'ii ?le Strawberry, in fine order for iransplanling — ai >'-' 00—37 1-2 CIS per doz. .\lso, Wilmoi's Superb. A'; berry. Ilautbois, Downion. &e. Onlers for ihe a' • i HircclcdtoJ. 1!. KcssicM., Seed Store, 6i Norili M r; Boston, where the plnnls will I* delivered, free ol ci,ai transporlaiioa. The plants arc parked iu moss for trauj lion to any part of ihe union. Tulip Roots. For sale nt the Seed Siorc coonccted with the Ne« Ei Farmer, SJ North Market street, A Dneeollpciionofl>utrh Tulip Roots, of bright rcil.y white, pink, and splendid variegated roloni, at ^1,0*) per —12 l-'i els single. tf .Votice. Subscribers to the New England Farmer are infurini they can have tficir volumes neatly and faithfully li^if and lettered, at 75 els per voluuio, by leaving them i office. J^'eic China Tea Sets, and lic;ht blue Dinntr I Keeeived, a great variety of iha above ', which, niih plele assortment of ("rt>ckcry, China, inid (jloss \\ aie fered for sale, low, at No. 4 I>ock Sipmre. Powder at '2s per lb. m;rONT'S powder, qualiiv warranted, for Copfhiti'l's .4mmimilii'n Store, ("..'> Ilroad si. at rvf.,:'/. StloT. tWl'S. &e. ol the ^«/ ./im/iVt/— eheiip for c,t.|i. Published every Friday, at {3 per auiium, p.' end of the year — but those who pay within sixty <^ . lime of subscribing, are eutillctlto a deductiou of ii' v • i [HT* No pn|>or will t>o sent to a distance without }>.t_\in ing m.ulo in advance. Printed for J. B. Rcssil.l., by I. R. Butt* — l.y all descriptions of Prinling can bo cieciiled to nun ■' ,■ ofcuslomers. Orders for printing receiveil by J. I' Ki at the Agricultural Warebouio No. '>2 North .M.1..11 3L. VIII. NEW EMIiliAND FARMER. Published by John B. Russeli., at jYo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse) — TiioJtAS G. Fessenden, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1829. No. 9. AGRICULTURE. lai ?URE OF THE SWEET POTATO, &c. at the last meeting of the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society, Sept. 5.] I. A. S. UEAIinOIlN, Prcs. iMa83. llort, Society. R giRj — Not being able to attend your tomorrow, I take tlie liberty to address 3| tlie subject of the culture o£ the sweet and I aui induced to do so on account of publication of an article on that culture nto the New England Farmer of this day Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. The in- jns were written by B. W. Stro.vg, Esq. of sland, N. Y. I do not question that gentle- iti skill and success in that climate, but it is not d to our own. His practice is conformable of South Carolina, but will not succeed The practice of New Jersey is diftereiit hat recommended by Mr Strong, as will be iy the instructions published in the Mas- n etts Agricultural Repository about ten or itj years since. Sweet potatoes will produce joints of the vine here, but they are of no erable size or value, and never ripen. With 101 best potatoes arc produced, like the Irish , as usually called, from strings, (stolones) I directly from the planted potato. So far ncouraging the growth from the joints, the practice is to raise the vines, to vrevent their ;. Such also is the Ohio practice, in a cli- early resembling our own. my main object was not to guard our culti- against a ])ractice not adapted to our shorter ;rs, (and they are sho;-ter by about eight than those of Long Island as the market s indisputably prove ;) my jirincipal design acquaint my horticultural friends that there I less than Jive distinct varieties of the potato — botanical vaiietie.s, by which I varieties, which learne(' men would admit IS distinct, as those of the common potato — g in their stalks, and their leaves, as well as or roots. !re is one now growing in my grounds, (I t were any where else) with distinct palma- ves, that is, with five fingered leaves. It is _ ;hless plant. There are milk-white, yellow, 3h, and red tubers or roots. Now there are o sorts of ant/ value for us, and I wish this should be distinctly understood — is a white, and a red variety, with delicate and small undivided leaves, both of which out tubers freely near the surface of the A, which are thick, fleshy, mealy, and profit- Ther3 are three other races, boastful in bliage, but severe trials of the patience of iser. A man would do better to give ten 3 per bushel for seed of the one, than to re IS a present the seed of the other. Per my remarks will seem to deserve some t, when I state that I introduced the culture : sweet potato here, about twelve years since I I have constantly devoted 16 square rods )und to them — that they furnish my table August 1st to November 1st — and produce shels on that small quantity of the poorest land I have, a sandy loam, in which sand consti- tutes about three fourths of the whole soil. I have never failed, when I had my seed frqin an intelligent quakor in New Jersey ; but accident having delayed their arrival 2 years out of 12, I was oldiged to purchase seed roots here, and the failure has been lamentable. I send to the Society specimens of the three bad sorts, that they may know how to avoid them. They are tolerable at the latter end of the season, but they are too long, too much disposed to ])roduce straggling roots, and not to produce early, well ripened tubers. I beg your members to try them — I wish I could send them the true sorts, that they might witness their great superiority. I think your Society would do well to order from Friend Edmund Dar- nell of Jersey, a regular supply of seed. They would soon learn to distinguish between the good and the bad. This will perhaps be thought too long a com- munication on such a topic, but when I add, thct within two years only the Parisian cultivators are awakened to the value of this cultivation, and tint wc, on sandy soils, (let it be noticed, on sandy soils) can grow them to be as sweet and farina- ceous as in South Carolina, (which they never can in Paris,) perhaps this favorite culture so often urged, may be thought to require this ample elu- cidation anil discussion. I shall send to your meeting tomorrow, a bunch of the Malaga Grape, whose synonymes in the English gardens, are " Hliilc Hamburg," and ^^ Por- tugal." I was disappointed in its weight, which is far less than its bulk would promise — it only '■ eighs three poiuids, while a Black Hamburg of equal size, would weigh six pounds, and would be worth eighteen times as much, if we were to esti- mate it according to its excellencies. I send one bunch of wall-ripened Black Hamburg for your immediate taste and judgment, and I think you will agree with me in my opinion of its superiority to all other grapes. The great bunch hung up in your room will keep perfectly well till your anni- versary dinner. The Hamburg will not keep, and had therefore better be tasted at once. I send also one specimen of the Capiaumont pear, grown on the original tree, sent by Mr Knight. It is of medium size only, as many being larger, some twice as large. It is a fair representation of its beauty. It is not ripe, but artificially promoted towards ripeness by an insect now within it. Of course, it is not a fair sample. I send it, however, as the product of the tree, which grew in Mr Knight's garden, and therefore dear to mo ; for I have the deepest veneration for that distinguished man, not merely on account of his seeking out the means of encouraging Horticulture here, unasked, unso- licited, but on account of his discoveries in the jihysiology of plants. I shall send two fruits of the Passijlora edulis, a stove plant — the fruit is eaten in Mexico and Colombia, and recently raised for the table in England. Its flavor is peculiar, its aroma agreeable to some, and much otherwise to others. So it is with the fig, and the olive, and the pome- granate— but some English gentlemen have built hot houses, merely to raise this plant for the table. It is eaten with wine and sugar, and made into mar- malade. Lu.xury must make great progress in our country before this fruit can be an object of cul- ture as an edible article, but this variety of the Passiflora, for its beautiful foliage, and its flowere, though inferior to others, may be cultivated. I am, dear Sir, respectfully yours. J. LOWELL. Jioxbury, September 4, 1829. N. B. The Passiflora came to me as P. Sernt- lata, but is not kuown by that name in England — Mention is ms^e in the article on the sweet potato in this day's 'N. E. Farmer, of the beauty of its flowers. I never saw the flower of the sweet po- tato, and several Carolinians told me that they had never seen the flower. — It is a convolvulus, but it does not flower with us even in the green house. Does it flower in New York ? J. L. roK THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. TRANSFORMED PRODUCE OF AN APPLE TREE. On the (arm of Mr Job Wyeth, in Cambridge, in the vicinity of the Botanic Garden, the proprie- toi* called rny attention to a very remarkable fact in vegetable physiology, and very much at variance with the general opinions and facts on the subject. On a iirodiictive and vigorous Russet apple tree well filled with fruit of the ordinary character, appears a single ungrafted branch bearing 30 Har- vey Apples with smooth skins, not distinguishable in any waj from the other fruit of this variety growing contiguous to the russet. The two trees are so near together that their branches are mutu- ally blended togef^'er, but no russets make their appearance .,n the Harvey tree. That the latter by its influence has given rise to this phenomena on the russet, need not be questioned. The great source of change in the productions of the vegetable kingdom, after the minor influ- ence of soil and climate, is now known to arise from the accidents of generation, there existing in the flowers of all plants, parts which maybe termed sexual ; the pistils, or parts attached to the fruit being feminine, while an exterior set of or- gans, (always present, emitting a kind of fertili- zing powder or farina,) the stamens are, by all who have ever attended to Botany, considered as the masculine or fertilizing organs of plants. By the spontaneous influences of nature these parts constantly operate to the production of the seed, and where a si)ecies or kind of ])lant remains dis- tant from a kindred sort, the individuals arising from such seed will be but httle liable to any vari- ation ; while a number of species growing in the vicinity of each other, may naturally be expected to operate mutual changes on their progeny. On some plants these clianges are readily induced ; in others variety is rare. The characters of these variations are also very different in their nature, giving rise to an infinitude of shades, forms, and complications of a few original simple structures, which, by varying their positions and textures, produce an endless diversity of character, and hold out a [lerpetual boon to the industry of man, as exercised in facilitating and inducing these changes. The most wonderful diversity, however, in vegetable nature, has been produced only since 6G M:\V ENGLAND FAUMER, Sei.t. 19, 18-^9. cultiviitors have attemlcd to ilie arciinn of vepi.-ta- blc |iliysiolojry, ami liy cross iiii|>rfgiiutioiis, par- ticularly among ornainctital flowers, a sort of fairy creation has arisen aroiiiiil 119, superior in heuuty to sinijile nature, and producing a new era in the existence of the flower garden, but, in all this operation, no change ij visible in the aspect of the impref^naltd plant ; the change only appears in the plants arising from the seeds of such artifi- cial results ; and, so general and reasonable is this prevailing law of vegetable nature, that any- thing occurring to the contrary, may he supposed ilusus natura, hut not the less worthy of investi- gation because of its obscurity. The apple tree in tpieslion never presented the same phenomenon before, is a large full grown individual, bearing a branch of fruit similar to that of the Harvey tree with which its brandies are blended. It must, therefore, be admitted in this point blaric castf, that the farina of tlio Harvey or smooth fruited tree, has by some influencr: orothcr actually operated a change scarcely credible upon this braucli of the Russett, and to all intcntstrans- fornied, this year, into a graft by ajiproach : what it will be next year, or when engrafted into an- other stock, are circuiijstances which time must dovelope. If this singular fact, and the remarks offered upon it, be considered worthy of publication, they are at your pleasure. THOMAS NUTTALL. Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Sept. 9, 1^29. NEW YORK HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Anniversary of the New York Horticultu- ral Society was celebrated on the 8th at Niblo's Garden with more than usual splendor. At one o'clock tlie Saloon was thrown open for the in- spection of the company, and preseiued one of the most pleasing sights we over beheld. It was beautifully decorated with flowers and grape vines, from which large clusters of grapes hung in great profusion. The mmiber of ladies who visited the Saloon far cxceeiled what we have seen on former anniversaries, and ihey evinced great satisfaction in examining the rich display that was offered to them. Among tliC great \nriety of friiits and flowers, the following attracted our attention — we no doubt aniit many ecpiajly valuable presentations; hut, in the hurry of the moment, we could not procure a list of them. KRUiTS pukse.nted, and bt whom. Professor Gimbrede — ten different kinds of crapes. Mrs Rhodes, Lispenard st. — very fine Muscatel grapes. Mrs General lioyd — six bunches very fine do. JV. Sailers and />. yandevoorl, Esifrs. — very fine do. Mrs Shalxel presented four bunches of Royal MuMcadini; grapes, weighing 21,21 1-2, and 22 oz. each. J]lex. Masterton, do. do. do., weighing 13i, 15^, and IC,I oz. each. Mr Sriiriar — 1 bunch, weighing 20 1-2 oz. Dr llosack—2 do. 19 1-2 and 20 oz. each. Also, 3 watermelons, weighing '10, 4 2 and 43 lbs. each. JV. Oakley, Esq. — pears, plums, nectarines and peaches. JC. II. Hamer — pears, peaches, and scarlet crab fipples. .W. Slingerland, Albany — Orleans plums, pears, and peaches. C. Oakliy — .\ugU8t Sweetwater peach. W. H'ilson — superior melons. E. C Uelavan, Albany — very fine pears. .V. Sallus — seedling cling.«, rare. Isaac Dennison, Esq. Albany — grajics. Burgun- dy and C'hasselas. Miss C'oiif, Lispenard st. — six bunches golden Chasselas. P. Taylor, White st. — white Chasselas. Com. Chauncey — Calarantas boaiis, and two egg plants, unusually fine. Mr Gray, of Boston — a variety of very fine pears, vi/.. the Bartlett, St. Glielien, Andrews, Harvard, [erroneously named Epergne,] Forelle, and Capiuumont. — [The trees of the two last were originally received from Mr Knight, of Eng- land, by Mr Lowell.] Mr A. Parmenlier prescntcti — Violet Carrot, originally from Spain, received from Florence, in Italy ; raised and introduced at the Horticultural Garden of Mr A. Parmentier. They are very sweet ; one dish was served to the dinner. Sweet Pepper, of the kingdom of Valencia, Spain, re- ceived froniDr Laiuiza, and raised and imroduced at the same Horticultural Garden ; two dishes were served at the dinner, one in salad, the same as in Sjiain, and the other stuffed, the same as for the Purple Egg Plant. Mr William Phelan presented — Five Myrtle Orapge trees, full of fruit, two Cotolenar Jasiniii, in flower, and several other beautiful plants. At tlirce o'clock, Dr J. W. Francis delivered the Annual Address, which was, in all respect", worthy of the occasion, and of the literary reputa- tion of the author. At five o'clock, the officers and members of the Society and their guests sat down to dinner, Dr Davib Hosack in the chair, and it is only necessary to say, that it was prepared by Niblo, and in his best style, to convey a correct idea of its merits. On the cloth being removed, the following reg- ular toasts were drank. TOASTS. 1. The Land we lire in — \ garden cullivalod by Krccincn. IJail Columbia. 2. The President of the United States, Jackson's March. 3. The Governor of the State of New York. ' Corcrnor's March. 4. Liberty, I'irtue and Science — The choicest fruits of our soil. .'>. A'ativcs and Erotics — Sharing equally the pro- tecting care of our National Gardeners. ti. The Institutions of our Country — The shelter and sliado of their supporters. 7. The Array and Navy of the United Slates. Yankee Doodle. 8. Agriculture, Commerce and Manufactures. '.). horticulture — The first and most delightful occu- pation of man. 10. Our associate societies throughout the world. 11. Inilustnt — A valuable graft upon anv stock. 12. Tiie incmorv of our deceased brethren. i:i. The Fair — Nlildowod bo the plants of him who would harm them. After the regular toasts had been drunk, the President gave the lieallh of his Honor the Mayor, who was one of the guests of the Society. To which the Mayor replied in an appropriate speech, and gave in return a toast expressive of his ndmiriuioii and respect for the science of Hor- liciillurc, and wishing nucce.ss to the ellbrts of the Society in endeavoring to inculcate a taste for this interesling and useful pursuit. VOLU.NTEKRS. AVll By Jesse Bucl, Ksq. of Albany. Horticultut craule for youth, a pillow for age By Thomas Carter. Horticulture — May this del ful science, in the United States, speedily ovotlal rujtid inarch in Europe. The President gave the health of Zebcdee C jr, Fsq. Delegate from the MavsacliuBelts II cultural Society, to which Mr Cook made following reply. Mr I'resiitrnt — I am called upon for a sentiment, before I pronounce it, permit mc to solicit your i gence for a few observations I wish toolTer, as 1 feel on this occasion, your kindness will accord to mc privilege. Deputed to '.his assembly as the representative o .Massachusetts Horticultural Society, in pursuam yuQr invitation, I deem it as one of the happiest iucii i>f my life, that I am permitted thus to associate wit highly gifted, and deservedly honored members of Institution, to partake of its hospitalities, and to i in common with them, the gratification, that su scene is calculated to inspire. The influence of your example is acknowledged forcibly in the deeds, than in the professions of fellow citizens of .Massachusetts, who are ever pro emulate the noble and generous efforts of others, that will tend to meliorate the condition of humai e.\alt and extend the fame of our ^.ountrv, and the superstructure of ih» honor, its onion, and its p While party zeal in its blindness and its ftiry ispuri its reckless carer, and treading down the barriers, a regard for pri\ ate opinions should restrain — whi who sincerely worships his Creator accordini; lo thi tates of his own mmd, ,iiid with all the lights that been imparted to his understanding, is denounce* heretic by others who claim to be warmed bv a I zeal, or inspired by a purer devotion — while the that is consecrated in the affections of the sons o( nee and Literatnre, the parent land of Geniu.s a Ta.ste, has become fertilized with the vital current defenders and oppressors — while Ferdinand of Sp; innrshaling his forces to reclaim to his authority, refractory inhabitants of South America, who dar deny his rights to nile over them, and to assert rights to freedom — while Nicliolas of Russia is pm liis myrmidons into the country of tlie inlidils planting the Banner of the Cross where the Cre ^^aved before — while '* female .\theisls" are stri but striving in vain, to overturn and make hav faith that has withstood the assaults of infidels for i who, instead ofbeing the counsellorsof our virtue, become the defenders of profligacy, and the unblui advocates of a system that would uproot the verv dations of the social compact — we, hi pnrsuit o peaceful calling, may sit down quietly under our vines and trees, with none to molest or make us all The pursuits of Horticulture arc productive of | and contentment — they counsel us to convert our s\ into ploughshares, and our spears into pruiiin;; In They are attended with healthful influences to the b and if properly improved and estimated, cjcpaiid heart and invigorate the iniud. They are producti other moral advantages', they teach the contenipl to look beyond the scenes of their labors, and adim us that as we sow in the natural work! the irimd that is to ripen into an abundant harvest of ricli an- licious fruits, flowers and herbs, for the service that in the same degree that we cultivate those s principles of morality and piety here, wifl be tli< dant ingathering of the glorious reward, in the ( harvest that is ti> be garnered up in heaven. I offer to you, sir, and llirouijh you to every iiicnit this institution, mv cordial felicitations on this occ the best wishes of your fellow laborers in .Ma.'isaclii 1 fed conmiissioncd to convey to yoH, Would tlm performance of this pleasing duty had been asisi to one more adequate — that it had comported with '"^ convenience of our President to have conveyed tc fcrsonally, the congratulation of our infant institu t would have given you the assurance of its auspii prospects under his faithful and etlicieut adniiiii,slri To you, Mr President, personally, I beg leav the lioiuaj;e of my most rcsoectful consideratii personal friend and biograplier of that exalted statot and patriot, whoso giant mind conceived, and mighty energies were instrumental in exerulmg iiniiiense project of uniting the inlunil seas of our e try, with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. — for 't fir, who have labored so long and abU in the caOf («,, ol.VIIT— Nn.9. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 67 ..-ty, and fearlessly and successfully striven with ead enemy of man, I would prefer the prayer, that voluntary retirement from the business and cares ssional life, you may find that peace and tran- Ihat is ever the attendant of a life devoted to nd honorable pursuits. 11 only add, with your permission, sir, — Stiitc of New York — Fertility to her soil, and suc- hcr cultivators. j Com. Chauncey. Agriculture and Horticulture, ,[ isters — the only two arts that can stand alone. Dr J. W. Francis. The Fair Se.'c— always partial bandmen. (, re. P. Ilallet, Esq. Our distinguished Guest, Wm. Esq. — As the proprietor of tlic celebrated Lin- arden at Flushing, deservedly standing on the le of Horticnltural Science — May his name be ever ed to her devotees. 'ice President Wm. Prince, Esq. J. C. Loudon, the very intelligent and distinguished author of i ee F.ncyclopedias and the Gardener's Magazine — e renders him her homage. Parmcntitr, Esq. Le Viscount de Thury, Presi- i ' the Horticultural Society at Paris. ^■' I. Rdliert Prince, Jun. The Horticultural Union uutry — May its remotest points be cemented by lis of the vine, and perpetual harmony flourish lie shade of the olive. .1. E. Hosarl:. The productive soil of Italy, uiiod for its Flower Gardens, afterwards for r. May our clime prove as fertile. /,. Stone. The memory of De Witt Clinton, as iculturist — His memory lies richer in our hearts , 1 his tomb. Vm. M. Price, Esq. Intemperance — A narcotic vithout use and without ornament, the most loath- ^eed of the garden. F. R. 'Ji'vhr, Secretary of the Society. Tlie Rake — i lii '!;.; Garden and on the Farm. I. r,i !■;,:, iiii'er. M. Le Chevalier Sontonge Bodin, ry ■■'■' ilio Horticultural Society of Paris, and r of liie Horticole Institute of Fromont. ', ll. 110, it ap- that " when he fed upon roasted goose, he ich more vigorous, both in body and mind, ith any other food." That fisli is less nu- thaii flesh, the speedy return of hunger dinner of fish is suflicieiit proof. Crabs, i, prawns, &c. unless thoroughly boiled those sold ready boiled seldom are,) are dou.sly indigestible. Shell-fish have long high rank in the catalogue of easy digesti- I speedy restorative foo Is ; of these, oysters ly deserve the best character ; but we think <;y, as well as eggs, gelatinous substances, We are informed that there is now standing in the garden of Peter Ellis, Jr. at Crosswick's, Bur- lington county, N. J., a pear tree, from the trunk of which, in April, 1828, the bark was completely strip|)e(l, all round, to the height of between one and two feet. Last season this tree produced three kinds of pears, and all came to perfection. One bough bore twenty-nine pears, growing so close as to touch each other, and weighed al o- gether twelve pounds and three quarters. The tree has now bloomed and set as usual. No new bark has formed, but the trunk remains dry and hare where it was injured. EGGS. A Chemist of Geneva says, that eggs may be preserved fresh and eatable for six or seven years, if kept tightly corked in a round bottle with a short neck, filled with very strong lime water. The people of Cochin China, have a very sin- gular fancy in regard to eggs. Mr Craufurd, in tiie account of his embassy to Cochin China, after describing part of an entertainment at the house of a person of rank, says — " One of the Cochin Chinese dainties served up on this occasion ought not to be omitted : it consisted of three bowls of hatched eggs. When we e.xpressed .some surprise at the appearance of this portion of the repast, one of our Cochin Chinese attendants observed with much naivete, that hatched eggs formed a delicacy beyond the reach of the poor, and only adapted for per.-ons of distinction. On inquiry, we, in fact, found that they cost some thirty per cent more in the market than fresh ones. It seems, they always form a diatinguished part of every great entertainment ; and it is the practice^ when invitations are given out, to .set the hens to hatch. The fete takes ))lace about the tenth or twelfth day from this period — the eggs being then considered as ripe, and exactly in the state most agreeable to the palate of a Cochin Chinese epi- cure." NO COLDS AT ST. PETERSBURGH. It is a fact which will startle my readers, that " a cold" is seldom to be heard of in St. Peters- burgh. That anomalous species of disorder is in- digenous to England, and above all to London. It does an infinity of mischief, and covers many a blunder. In the capital of Russia, few people complain of "a cold;" and if a person of conse- quence (who has been for a great length of time dying of a disease ill understood, or badly man- aged,) does actually fall a victim to the complaint, the candid physician does not as in some other capitals, atteitjpt to mystify the friends, by remark iiig that "the patient was getting better, hut caught cold and died." There are, seriously spi^aking, bo few diseases of the chest, catarrhs, and defluxions, and feverish colds in the Russian capital, that I was quite surprised at hearing consunqition quoted as an almost endemic complaint GranvilWa Travels to St. Petersbursh. TO CONVEY FISH. A crumb of bread is to be soaked in brandy ; anil when swelled, the fish's mouth is filled there- with, into which a half glas.^ more of the spirit is then to be poured. The fish remains motionless, and as if deprived of life, in which state it is to be wrapped in fresh straw, and afterwards in cloth. In this condition they may be kept or conveyed to any distance for eight or ten days. When arrived at the place of destination, they must be unpacked and thrown into a cistern of water, where they remain a quarter of an hour, or sometimes an hour without shewing any sign of life ; but at the end of that time they disgorge very abundantly, and recover their life and ordinary motions. — Archives of Useful Knowledge. WINE. The rage for superannuated wine is one of the most ridiculous, vulgar errors of modern epicur- ism. "The bee's wing," "thick crust," loss of strength, &c. which wine fanciers consider the beauty of their tawny favorite, " fine old Port," are forbidding manifestations of decomposition, and of the departure of some of the best qualities of the wine. — Kitchener. Wines bottled in good order, maybe fit to drink in six months, (esjiecially if bottled in October,) but they are not in perfection before twelve. From that to two years they may continue so ; but it would be improper, to keep them longer. — Enci/- clopedia Brilan. TO MAKE FINE BISCUIT. To two pounds of flour, and one table spoonful of butter, a tea cup full of cream, a little sour, small tea spoonful of pearlash — make them as soft as i)ossiblc, roll very thin, cut them out and bake in five ininutes — the whole process, 15 minutes. Food. — Some theorists would have us live on animal food, and assert that the human viscera only bear vegetables in a grumbling way ; whilst others would reduce us to the diet of Nebuchadnezzar, and leave not a flesh-pot in our kitchens — Villag* Resister. 68 NEW ENGLAND FAR3IER, Sept. IS, 1829, FOR rilK RCW E! rARUKH. LKOllORN WHEAT. Mr Fesse.ndkn — U "ill probnl.ly l>e rocoUect- cd by some of your rcaJi-iv, with yourself, lliot in the fipriiif,' of 1S27, you liad llio (lisposal of a few bu.-iliuU of wheat, sent to this country from Leg- horn, said to he the kind from whii:li the " dear bought and fur fetched" Leghorn bonnets were manufactured. This wheat was-dis-^eminated far and wide, but I have never learned in any one in- stance, the result of the experiment with others. i then procured one pint of the seed, hpt from that lime to the present could never discover any essential diflcrence between either the straw, or kernel, from that which is usually cultivated in the western part of this state ; it has every season with me, produced a good kernel, but from some cross-grained fatality for two or three years I gained but a trifle over the original stock, (1 pint) hut have at length, this present year, succeeded in raising five bushels, a sample of which is here- with transmitted for your inspection ; but I would observe that it does not appear to be so large a kernel as in some former years. I have never discovered to my recoUcction one smutty o;ir iu any season. I have always, pre- viously to sowing, soaked the seed a few hours in clean water, after washing it, anil sprinkled it co- piously with the hydrate of lime. 1 presume that bad I sowed it thicker it would have approxima- ted nearer to the Leghorn straw, hut the same re- mark would probably equally apply to any other kind of wheat. My object in laying the subject before the pub- lic is not to tell what / have done, but to learn how others have succeeded. In sowing down a field to grass in the s|)ring of 1B28, on one corner the wheat was sowed with tho grass seed. This part of the field possessed n<^supr;riority of soil, and the whole field was manured alike ; but from some cause, unaccounta- ble to me, the grass, both th6 last season and the present year, had a great superiority over that part where nothing but grass seed was sown ; and even tioir, after mowing twice this present season, the edge where the wheat was sown, is well defined, and the wheat was the best I ever raised. As this is the only experiment of sowing it with grass seed, I wish not to be too sanguine ; but if fur- ther experiments produce the same results, the benefit to the agricultural interests will readily be aiiprcciatcd. POTATOKS KROM SKEB. I hope, Mr Editor, I shall not be deemed an egotist by making public a few e.xpcrinicnts on raising potatoes from the seeil or halls. In the autumn of 1S2C, I procured a few balls from an i;arly kiml of ])otatocs, and after cleaning them, iTiuch after the nmnncr that I'ur-uinbcr seeds are cicanseil, by mirans of water, 1 kept them dry, till the spring of 1827. I thnii sowed them brond- cnst, on a bed about four feet S(piaro ; the young plants soon made their ajipeaninec, but from a want of propi-r rare in tliimiiiig the plants, anil cheeking the weinls, the piniluri; was piobalily much lessruril ; bill in aiitiiiMii abiiiit lialf a peck wnH produced lioni the seed sown, which were o( nImoHt every size and shape ; two or- three were ari large as hens' eggs, while others were nol larger than n pin. Those wliirh appeared to pos- Huss liny strongly iiiaiked qiiiilily, were caretiilly Hclecied, and ke]>t by themselves, making about n kinds ; but by far the greatest jjroportion | of the young trees and the density put together, n» ajipearing lopoMossno very branches, that I earnestly recommend tl. attention of cxpcriiiicntal agiiculturii^Ls ; dozen were peculiar property. In the spring of 1828, the several selected kinds were ]ilanted separatidy, as also the best of the eommon kind : the result was, that last autumn, I had about four bushels of tho common kind, and , you a few hints relative to Imgation, winch i about one bushel of the selected kinds. In May early hfo, cxten.-^ively and most profitably prac the j.resent season about two bushels of the best a"d which, in tins country, where manure of the common kind were planted, from which, scarce, and the ntmosphcrc so deficient in i jiiilging from present appearances, 1 think they i "re, might be employed with the greatest a. will yield from 16 to 25 bushels. From the sc- i tage. I nm, Sir, respcctlully yours, lected kinds which were planted at the same time several bushels will probably be produced, two] ^i^n^WY HORTICULTURAL SOCIKI kinds appear to be remarkably early :— one other j .^.^^^ ^j.^^ anniversary of this society was kind i.roduees a very large, handsome white po- ,^|.^,^._, j^^ ,,^j^ ^j,^ ^,, Tuesdav last, in a in tato of an oblong shape ; one or two other kinds ^^^^^ an'iuK well'for the respectabihty and i appear to possess some very valualilc jiroperties, ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ association, while some probably will not be worth any further attention. SETII DAVIS. cellent material for a living fence. If you apj)rove thin communication, 1 ni:iy, haps, so far overcome the " rw intrlia" ns to ; A.NGLKAM Mutton, Sept. 7, 1829. KOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. On this occasion, (the Recess, the usiinl | meeting, not afibrding a room sudiciei:: Cruttenden's long room and the adjoiin; appropriately fitted u[i, were open to tli. of visitors, from an early hour until 3 1". .M. were thronged by ladies and gentlemen. The jirofnsion and taste of the floral decor of the dining room surpassed anyihiiig we before witnessed. Four splendid boqiieis, to four feel in height, and of jiroportionate I \ ter, composed of flowers of every varie^ f^ color, which the green house and the l' : h FENCING AND IRRIGATION. Mb Fesse.nden — I have often felt a strong de- sire to oflcr a few friendly hints to your numerous readers iqion two subjects which apjiear to be very imperfectly understood in the United States ; but which might be rendered most beneficial to the farmer, and highly ornamental to the country. Idleness however, sheer idleness, has hitherto | ford at this season of the year, were an i _ i prevented me from gratifying this laudable wish, i the dining table. At the two extremih' -. : The subjects to whicli I allude, are Fencinf;, ] the centre of the room, wreaths of gni^n (not with the iit'orrf, I trust we have done with , suspended in festoons thickly studded «iili fl that.) and /rri'n'fld'on. This same idleness will, I I of every hue, the loops composed of 1 |i feel, render my present communication as brief as flowers, the sjilendid double hclianil the most fastidious admirer of " the soul of wit"' can possibly desire. As we are now at peace, I am anxious that your countrymen should abstain from rniVing', and that " sticks, staves, and stones" should be more sparingly used, at least, by farmcts, if not by law- yers, for they arc no more absolutely necessary in cases of trespass hovibus ct ovibits, than in those of trcs])ass " vi el nrmis.'" — In plain English, the predatory excursions of a vagrant bullock or a saltatory sheep may be more effectually and more profitably restrained by living fences than by stone walls, built " more solulo," or unsightly rails. Those who have made the experiment, in this vicinity, appear to have considered the white thorn " (I id genus" as the only living materials which can he successfully employed, and the slow and uncertain growth of these has no doubt discouraged many: but, Sir, " crude txperlo" there is scarcely a shrub or a tree iu your extensive forests, which might not be converted into an impenetrable barrier by means of what in England, or some parts ihererf, is technically termed 'Splashing ;" which operation is expeditiously pprformed by cutting the larger branches partly ihrough by a single stroke of an instrument yclept a hill hook, and then bending and weaving them together; o few upright stakes bcing'uscd to retain them in their places until they become firmly and permanently rntangled and bicndeil with each other. If trees of rapid growth be sclrrleil, a beiiiitifiil, lasting, and eflert- iiid fence may thus be formed in less than one third of tho time which is necessary to' perfect a while thorn bi'dge. A fi.'W years ago I planted in rows the slones joining pulors, where fi»c rows of dishes W of the common apricot, for slocks intended to be I riiiiged ii| on a largi' ceinnil table, and fill* budded, and such was the rapidity of the growth g apc>-, iiliiins, pi a hcs, pears and apples, tb'l forming the buttons. Over the two ni: i ■ two flat boquets, nearly three yards in • r. rence, compo.sed of flowers of fifty or - ^ tics, bordered at the sides with fui: I branches of Pijrus Siherica, and their ba- ^i ed and concealed by branches of the \ studded with clusters of fruit. Over < > window, and print, were from one i i quels, of smaller size, though equally i riety and brilliancy of colors. In th' corner of the room, near the head oi ,• stood a superb myrtle leaved orange tree, bcarijig, with fi-om 100 to 150 full growi upon its branches. The south-west come filled with a splendid I^agerstramia indim, fuse bloom, G or 7 feet high, and the manti' blooming geraniums, rose.«, &c., in pots. 1 the choicctJt treasures of Flora, "fiom ' gardens culled with care," were herccoiK en and arranged in.groiips, under the iiriiuipal tion of Mr James Wilson, one of the pr.qi of the Albany nursery, in nniaimer adi: .1 ciliated to excite admiration. The flu lions were principally from the Alb:in\ N ami the gardeus uttenden's, and at foin- o'clock between seventy md ein-lity gentlemen sat down to a dinner pre- pared in the usual style of that well known eslab- ishraent. The president presided, assisted by T. Van Vechten and E. C. Delavan, Esqrs. vice presidents of the society, and by Isaac De>'.ms- roN, Esq. chairman of the committee of arrange- ments. It was attended by many of the judicial, state, and city officers; and by the Rev. Messrs Ferris and Welch, and the Hon. C. C. Cambre- len". Professor Renwick, lion. John I. De Graff, and other gentlemen, as invited guests'. The table offered all the delicacies of tlie season, which were not the less palateable, the vegetables and fruits particularly, from being t^e |)roducts of our own "ardens : and they were partaken of, after grace by the Rev. Mr Ferris, with much social and reasonable enjoyment : and thanks were returned by the Rev. Mr Welch. After the cloth was re- moved, many toasts were drunk, of which we have been able to procure only the following for publi- cation : — By J. Buel, Esq. President. Horticulture — It admin- isters to our wants, gratifies our senses, and refines our manners— it was the employment of primitive inno- cence—it is the residence of social and rational enjoy- By Chancellor Walworth. The Members of the Alba- ny Horticultural Society— Ue who causes two flowers to o-row where but one grew before, does more good thai) lie who conquers kingdoms. By Hon. C. C. Cambrcleng. Horticultural hospital • j(,, —Primitive, yet refined. • By Hon. W. L. Macey. Mr Jefferson s chosen j'co- p/f— the cultivators of the soil. By Professor Renwick. Flowers and FniU— the flowers of youthful anticipation— the fruit of aged en- ■" 'By H. W. Delavan, Esq. of Saratoga. The .many Horticultural Society— May its fruits be friendship and By A. C. Flagg, Esq. T/ie Members of the Albany Horticultural Society — -Judged by their fruits, they e entitled to the approbation of all persons of correct sic. By Isaac Denniston, Esq. chairman of the committee of arrangements. The Albany Horticultural Society— If the present be tlie fruits of its youth, what may we not anticipate from its manhood ? By E.C. Delavan, Esq. second vice president. The la- bors nf the Horticulturist— They must elevate and puri- fy the mind, for these were the amusements of the first pair in Eden. By Jiis. Porter, Esq. Horticulture awl Mental Cul- ture— Tlie improycnient of the latter is sure to improve a taste lor the former. By Vhilo Ruggles, Esq. of Orange county. The Gantrn — May our Horticultural associations render it hereafter, as it was primevally, — Terrestrial para- dise. By Capt. Fay of the United St.ites army. The spare- rib of Father .'i(/am— May Heaven receive our united thiinks, for having formed of it such a superior article, and so finely adapted to our comfort. By C. Butler, Esq. of Geneva. The first good fruits of tlie Albany Ilorticultural Society. By John S" Van Renselaer, Esq. The presiding di- vinities of our horticultural feast — Pomona, the goddess of fruits, and Flora, the goddess of flowers ; and " mine host of the hill, the prince of good cheer." By Mr D. B. Slingerland, treasurer of the society. The' Albany Horticultural Society — May its members augment, and its funds rapidly increase. By T. Romeyn Beck, M.D. Agriculturc-rlhe em- ployment of the wisest and best men, both of ancient and modern times. By Mr Paul Clark. The Hon. Stephen Van Renselaer — The patron, alike of Agriculture, Horticulture, and all useful and charitable institutions. By Mr L. Cruttenden. The Albany Horticulture Society — A blessing on its exertions to improve our flowers, our fruits, and our plants ; may its eflbrts con- tinue as long as there is a dew-drop to moisten, or a sun- beam to warm them. By a tyro. The .llbany Horticultural Society — " By tlicir /)■;/(';»- shall ye know them." The proceedings were all gratifying ; and not- withstanding the society is in its infancy, and but two days' notice was given ofthc celebration, and notwithstanding also, the usual deficiencies of the season, the exhibition of horticultural and agricul- tural iirodiictions was extensive and rich beyond cxiiectation, and the company numerous and high- ly respectable. The Society has reason to congratulate itself upon the result of its first efforts. If so much is done in the green tree, what will Jiot he done in the dry ? If it can almost at the day of its birth exhibit sucli varieties, and excite such emulation, and effect such improvements, what will not be its results when it shall have obtained root and Vigor, and when, instead of a few of our ])ublic-spiritcd citizens, it shall number among its members the mass of our enterprising and intelligent population? That it will attract the attention, and receive the aid of our citizens generally; we have little doubt, for its objects are closely connected with the wants and comforts of all, — and, in no slight degree, with the jirogress of moral and intellectual cul- ture among us. But upon the advantages of this and similar associations, we can add nothing to the excellent address of the President, which will commend itself to the notice of the reader. — Al- bany Argits. From the New York Courier. The following remarks on the treatment of Horses, by Mr Carver, are worthy the attention of those who properly apiireciate these noble and serviceable animals. To the editors of the Courier and Enquirer. Should you think proper to publish the fidlow- ing remarks, the writer presumes they will prove a benefit to those gentlemen who are owners of fine horses. A great number of fine horses are destroyed in this country by those that have them placed under their care. It is a custom to wash horses with cold water, sometimes after hard driving, in the hottest time of the year, by which practice I have known many of them take the lock-jaw and die ; others have been foundered by only washing their legs and feet ; it stops all perspiration and pro- duces violent fevers. No gentleman in England will [icrmit his horses to be washed : the horse ia not a water animal ; he wants the particular fos- tering hand of care, when placed in a domestic state. Another bad practice prevails : — the grain ig thrown into the manger without sifting, and sand or gravel being heavier than the grain, it will set- tle down on the stomach of the horse. A few years jiast I brought a stone from a horse, which was believed to have been formed by thus feeding. I placed the stone in Peale's Museum: it is as large as a goose egg, and cased round like a cocoa nut shell. I would suggest a better plan for building sta- bles, than that in use at present. All stables should be ventilated, so as to admit a constant circulation of fresh air, without which horses are continually breathing on their lungs foul putrid matter. No stalls should be less than five feet wide, as the horse, like man, wants to stretch him- self when lying down to rest ; many horses have died in the night, by being confined in narrow stalks, and being lied with a rope round their necks, All horses should have head stall halters, with a rein on each side, that should run up and down with blocks in pulleys, on each side of the stall. The mangers should draw in and out, like a drawer in a bureau, or desk ; by being thus fixed as I have described, the horse will rise with ease ; but on the old ])lan, the horse by struggling to rise often gets his head under the manger, and is found dead in the morning. The hay racks should be placed in front of the stalls, and not on the side. Any gentleman wanting farther information on the subject, can find me at 147 Leonard street. Few men have had the opportunity to observe the evils that have occurred by the bad inanngeinent of horses, and very few have doctored so many as myself. I presume none of my fellow-citizens will doubt, but I have acquired some knowledge of the structure and economy of the hor.se, after fifty years' extensive practice. I have found many gentlemen who have objected to have their horses removed from their own stables during their sick- ness; I will, therefore, attend them as usual, and treat them as if my own property. WILLIAM CARVER. N. B. I could have said a great deal more on this subject, but tbp work that I wrote, entitled "The Practical Horse Farrier," will shortly be published, being the fourth edition, in which the subject will be treated on morf; largely. Rice Bread. — A correspondent of the Journal-' of Commerce recommends the mixture of rice flour with wheat flour in making bread. Il greatly improves the quality. — "My family," he says, " reside in the c 'iiitry, and I took an early • op|.ortiinity to send a quarter of rice to mill to be ground, in the same manner as corn, without bolting. We made an experiment with a pound of wheat flour and a pound of rice flour in the first place — the rice floux hfiving been swollen, or scalded before it was niixed, by placing it in a clean vessel, with water, over a moderate fire, as rice is ordinarily cooked, and then kneaded in with the wheat flour, wet in the u.-^ual way, with milk, in the evening. — It was fpund in the" morn- ing, so soft, that it was necessary to stir into it 70 NRVV ENGLAND 1 AUMRR, Srpt. 18. IflOP. four ,,oun.lsn.ore of whent flour to give it the are take., in, tl.ey sl.ouM I.e l„M,.M,i.l,y the husl Low kll nnd Jon.^ Prince, Esq'rs. I should be very glad to have them see llie fruit. I can procure any number of scions for the Society, should the pear be tiiouirht worthy of cultivation. " "Having spare room in tiie box, I have put in a fcx of my Brown Beurr. s— They are not yet ripe, nor full size. — When in proper state for eating, I «. send you a good specimen of them. The shape ul | the |ioar is a little different from what is usual. Tiie St. Michaels sent are much smaller than usual. I have had them weighing ten ounces. In the proper ■ season I shall forward to the Hall of the Society a ' variety of pears, peaches and apples. Very respectfully. Korthavipton, Sept. 8, J 821). E. HUNT." From the Hon. John Qlinct Aoams, a lar^e package of ornamental seeds, received by him from Turkey, and presented lor distribution ainom' iJie mcinbers of the Society. ° Many samples of superior fruit were ofltred : tlie following are all we have room to mention.— From Mr E. Sharp of Dorchester, some of the finest Nectarines of the season. From J. P. Lela.nu of Sherburne, several varieties of Apples. Superior Peaches, from the gardens of Gen. Deabbor.n cif tural Society, will take plaee at Taunton, Wednes- , Roxbury, Mrs Gray of Medford, and .Mr Lamb of lay, October 7. | Boston. Fine Native Grapes from Mr Ellis of Brighto.n Market. — Monda}/, Sept. 14. (Rpporlcd for die Clirouicle and'Pairidi.) Beef Caltk — SI" j Franklin, and Mr Newman of Roxbury. A basket of rich fruit from Mr Seaver of Roxbury. Fine pears from N. D. Williams, Roxbury. Beautiful ,o , - - - ■; , |iiais uuiu .>. u. >> iLi.iAMs, noxbury. Beautiful 13 a "larke , inelu luig about 40 ; (ieorgmas and Asters, from the Botanic Garden a unsold lust week. 'I ho market was quite brisk, | Cambridge, and from G. W. Pratt, Esq. cf Wa- more cattle were taken than at any preceding mar- tcrtown. ket duy for six months ; not more ihan 50 or 60 re- I From J. M. Goi-roas, Esq. of Weston a beauti mained unsold at the close of the market. But ful .specimen of the Passion Flower, (PassSfloraj ac- fi!W good cattle in, and those were sold generally | coinpanied with the following note, at about S-1 75 per cwt. ; middliiigqunlities, which I "I do myself the pleasure to send to the Massn- composed the greatest proportion, at $4 u 4 25 ;,' ''"'se^a Horticultural Society herewith a Passion ' -' ■ ...--. Plo«-er. will, n roiiiioct tlmt ;»*.»»■• k.^ ..1 i _^ .T and thinner qualities, from $3 50 a 4 Slnre Caltle— 712 at market. The market coiuiiiuesdull — but few sales were effected com- pared with the number in, and those at very low prices. Sheep— 93G\ at market— nearly all sold— Lots of Sheep niid Lambs were sold generally, at $| 33 n 1 07 per hi'ail— a fi-w small lots, bi'st, fiir a Irillc more, nnd near the close of the market those that Flower, with a rccpiest that it may be placed on tlieir tabic. It is a beautiful blossom,' perhaps not known to some of the members of the Society, nnd they may be pleased to examine it. It deserves n moment of serious consideration. It is a singular flower, nnd so is the traililioii handed to us from ancient days, respecting the same. " The vine on « hich it grows abounds on Uie hills of Judea, nnd aUer the ascension of Christ, his dis- ciples were delighted to notice, ornnmented with b.autifiil blossoms, that lowly vine, which before was remained unsold, which were of thin oualitv for I 7'""""' l"^>^^'>'"''. """ lo«ly vine, which before w.u •1 i> I ,., ""-"'" """ 'I"'"".*' '"" lidways known to be barren. Thov hailed it as n in. con,,,, ,.,,,, ,. -i, „,,,, ots of good I ken ^iven to commemorate the s'tiff-eringi n^iVtt uethers brought from $2 50 a 3 per head, mid a | death of the Saviour, lor they saw in tlu- centre of few lots of fair to middling, -91 50 n 2. , the flower a rVoini <;/" thorn's, in the three pistiLi .SWnr_541 at market, iucluding 24 iinsoM last J ""'','■"'"':'' ""!'' '" ""-'.five stamens Mrrr hnmm':r.t, week. The m„rk.-t continues slow ami .lull. A ' T' ',!„^,''r",'i''. J''"--'"'.''''""!'"'?. "^ j'" conscious of r '. . tllO llOrriU (lOt'U Ihov lliul boon nmilo to nr^rt.tvt^ few were retade.l at 4 a4A els. peril-, and one or j They were amazed with the beauty of" ^1^"^ two small lots were taken at a trifle over 3 1-2 cts. | never before noticed, and pleased to give it a nam«' V,.!.V(n.— No.9. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 71 ^ iccordance with their affections, the Saviour's, or ssion (lower ; by lliat name it has gone to cur 's. And It is our happiness to see the dawn of ■4 t period, fast brightening, when the crown of rns shall assume the amazing refulgence of a nvn of universal dominion and glory. The in- asing detestation of war, the increasmg honors of riculture, the primeval destiny of man, proclaim = ud that the reign of Justice, of Peace and good " 1 is fast advancing over the earth. J. M. G." rtston, Sept. 13, 18-29. The experimental Apple Tree of Goellnitz. — .' is apple tree, at present i.i a healtliy state, and "' ty years of age, has been ciiijrafted with no less n 330 varieties of ajyples since the year 1804. e fir,-it year, 175 varieties were engrafted on bmly of the tree, without any order being owed. The fertility of the tree, thns laden, . h so many sorts of apples, has always been '"' isiderable ; in 1813 it yielded twelve Alten- j rgh bushels. In 1813 it was res[)ec(ed by the nerous troops who encamped arotinil it, and arded it with a sort of snpersiitioiis admiration. len covered witli fruit, the appearance of this is enchanting ; andr ftn-nishiiig a subject of ;ly to the- horticulturist anil the physiologist; — 3 frequently visited by the curious. — Court Jour. y 4. 18-29. ': Tijpe For Sale. I The roll„vving Types oud Priming Maicrials. composing part 1 of a Book IVnuing Ollice in Boston, are otrercd fur sale al Uie i fullowinir prices. I 45(1 Ills. Pica, hnnglil of Boston 'I'ype and Slereolypc Foiind- ! ry, 18-27— H, for salj at 25 ccnis peril).} 800 Ihs. Small |-"ca. [do. do. 1827— 8, at 20 cents per lb.; 700 lbs. Long' Primer, do. do. 1827-8. at 20 els. per lb. ; 48 lbs. Canon, at 18 els.; 14") Ihs. Double Pica, at 18 CIS. ; 18 lbs Double Paragon, ai ' 30 CIS., and several other founts of Job Type;— ihe above Type I is not lialf worn ;— 8 Composing .Slicks Jjfl 80 each ; 4 Medlnm I Chases, JS5 00 each ; 2 Composing Stands ; 1 Rank ; 30 re.ims I 5;i..W Medium paper, at g2 75 ; Webster's quarto Dictionary, atSISOO; Hansard's Typographia at $I8'00. I Apply 10 John B. Ilnssell. 52 North Market street, post paid 3^The anniversary dinner of the Massachusetts Hor- dtural Society will take place at the F-xchange Cof- House, To-MonROW. 'The Dining Hall, with the lay of Fruits and Flowers, will be open for examtn- n to ladies and others, from 10 o'clock, to 2 P. M. 1 desirable that gentlemen, who intend to enrich the libition with eitlier Fruits or Flowers, should send n to Mr Russell, Publisher of the New England mer, this iifternonri or to-morrow morning. A few ■e tickets for th? Dinner can be had of Mr Russell, pplted for immediately. yPk meeting of the Society will be held at their Hall MORROW, at 10 o'clock A. M. for the choice of officers, A punctual attendance is requested. Sept. 18. J\i'ew Eni^land Farmer's Mmanrtck for 1830. jst publisiicd by C.\RrER & Henuee, corner of ool and Washington-streets, and by J. B. Rossell, 5'2, North Market-stnet, the JVcio England Farmer's aniickfor ISW. By Thomas G. FESaEMDES, editor he New England F;irmer. his Almanack, il i^ ihouglu, will be found to be con- rably improved upon that of the preceding year. I Astronomical calculations have been prepared and sed with great care by a gentleman of this city — the s particularly noted — a complete Calendar of the irts for each state in New England, including the jale Courts of Massachusetts — the .Sun's declination table of Roads and distances from Boston, &c. and nteen pages of miscellaneous articles, principally n Agriculture and Gardening. ^Country traders and others supplied upon the most ral terms, by the thousand, groce, or dozen, ept. 18. Auction — Real Estate. ill be sold at Public Anclion on Tuesday, the 2!lth day of pmlier, inst. at one o'clock P. M. .at the Inn ol Asa Hough- n Putney Vl., a very excellent Farm, known by the name e Filch tarm, lately belonging to Thomas K. Green, Esq. fling by estimation 116 acres, with a large and convcn- Iwo story House, and Barns, and commodiuus out houses. also, ^11 extensive Tannery, a Store and buildings belonging to the same, in good re- , and considered one ol the best stands in the state. A pleasant two-story Dwelling House, d the King House, with a barn and out bouses, wiih about ■cs of' good land, on which is an orchard of fine fruit- f which are near the Meeting house iu Putney. ALSO, A Mowing lot, and Pasture, id the Hyde tot. of about 33 acres within two miles of the 'e mentioned village. )r farther particulars inquire of Bepl. IS. ASA KEYES, Pulney, or Asa Green, Bratlkboro' Thornton's British. Flora. For sale at the New England Farmer Office, No. .'J2, North Market Street, one copy only of The British Flora, or Genera and Species of British Plants ; ar- ranged after the reformed sexual system, and illustrated by numerous tables and directions; — by R. J. Thorn- ton, M. D. — London edition, price $3,00 per volume, — in 2 vols, royal octavo, with 422 Plates. Maltese Jacks for sale. For sale three fine Maltese Jacks, 14 hands high, sm- posed to be the largest ever seen in this country — two c-f them dark color, one gray. Apply at the N. E. Earn Office. Sept. 4 Bulbous Roots. Just Teceived at the Seed Store connected with the N. England Farmer, No. 52, North Market street, A line collection of Bulbous Roots, comprising Ifya- cinths, 12 1-2 els. each, $1 per doz.— Tulips, 12 1-2'cis. each, $1 periloz.; a few superior named roots, 25 to BO cents each — JVarcissus, double yellow, and white, $1 per dozen, 12 1-2 cenis each — Junquilles, sweet scented, same price — Crocus, various s0its,50 cents per dozen — Crown Imperials, double yellow, crimson, and red, 37 1-2 to 50 cents each — Sword Lily roots, 25 cts. each. Aug. 21. Imported Horses. Barefoot, and Cleveland, the two English horses, will stand for the season al Iheir stable in lirighiim. Barefoot at S'Zi, and Cleveland at glO, with g] (or ihe groom. a24 Bremen Geese. For sale 10 p^ir Bremen Geese of genuine breed, color pure while; — some of this lireeii, raised by the person who oflers ilie above, have weighed 19 lbs. each when dressed for the spit.— Inquire al the New England Farmer office. JVhite Mulberry Seed. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52, North Market-street, 20 lbs. White Mulberry Seed, raised at Coventry, Conn, this season, and saved expressly for us. War- ranted of the very first quality. Sept. 4. European Leeches, i;c. Ebenezer Wight, 4(1 Milk Street, has made such ar- rangements as will enable him to be constantly supplied with the genuine medical leech. He has now on hand some of very large size and in prime order. Just received by late arrivals, a few pounds of Chiray- ita herb, — Concentrated Compound decoction of Sarsa- parilla — b.lver wire Tooth brushes from the manufac- tory of James Prout of London. Also, from the manufactory of Shepherd of London, the following variety of medicated lozenges — viz. colts- foot— Rhubarb — Soda — Tolu — Heartburn — Paregoric — Magnesia — Steel — Camomile — Nitre— Cayenne — Opium Fruit — Ginger — Anniseed — Ipecacuanha — Lemon — Rose — Peppermint and Sulphur. ",,* Strict personal attention paid to Physicians' pre- scriptions, and family medicines. Sept. 11. 3t Slrawben-y Plants. For sale at the Charlestown Vineyard, on the South Side of Bunker's Hill, opposite Charlc.%town tide mills, Wilmott's superb Strawberry Plants, at 25 cents per plant, potted, or $20 per hundred. Also, Ihe following kinds at $1 per bundled: Downton Strawberry, Pine Strawberry, Mulberry Strawberry, Bath Scarlet, and Royal Scarlet; from the last mentioned sort were produced the first Strawberries in Boston market this season, which sold for one dollir per box. DAVID HAGGERSTON. fltj^The above plants are for sale, also, at J. B.Rus- sell's Seed Store, No. 52, North Market street, at the same price. Aug. 21. Seeds for the West Indies. Merchants, masters of vessels, and others trading to the West Indies, can be furnished with boxes of Seeds, assorted, suitable for Ihal market, at from g'Z to $5 per box. Each of the ^5 boxes contains upwards of sixiy differenl kinds of seeds, veg- etable and ornamental, in quantities suitable for a common kitchen garilen. The gt boxes contain twenty.five different varieties of vegetable seeds, with the English and French names attached. Also, 200 pounds cf English white flat turnip seed, growth of 1829. With the greatest variety of seed to be found in New England, wholesale and relaii, warranted pure and fresh.- For sale by J. B. RUSSELL, al the Agricultural Warehouse. No. 52 Norlh Market Street, Boston. cnlf Harvard University. — Medical Lectures. The Mer a inoincnt doubt the correctness of this conclusion. As military displays, ibcy are a ridiculous hurlisque — as schools of vice, dr/tliirahlc : — many a youth is there initia- ted into the piuctice of drunkenness, and the re- cortl.s of the county courts bear teslimony to the violence done to morality. Insiibnnlination, dis- order, nihl debauchery reign jircdotninant aud un- controluble." gardener ; in all other countries it is found asneces- ; learn that most useful art, sliurl hand writing ; sary to learn lo farm or garden, as it is lo make art which I believe will one day be studied as udI shoes, lay bricks, or follow any other handicraft versally as common writing, and which wi| trade, but in this, not so : the moment a merchait: abriilge the labor of peninanship to a degree thi or mechanic of any description in our cities, finds | will materially quicken the intercourse of hutui himself able to quit business, he purchases a place ' lliouglit. — Campbill, .Ytw Munthli) Mag. in the coimtry, and commences farmer or gor- ! ilener, or both. Considering himself completely .\ corjiulent gentleman once riding towards (ualilied for the business, and frc(|iicnlly does not fortified town in England, began to fear the gat discover his mistake until he finds his experiments I would be shut before he could reach it, and ii have ruined liim, and he is obliged to return to; quired of o market-man whom he met, whethc the counting room or work bench to resuscitate he could pass iu at the gate. '■ I should think so, his exhausted finances. In England, the younger r<|'licd the man, surveying him attentively, " foi; branches of the hrst families in the kiii;/dom are frequently put to '|)rciiticp, with u ])i'eminm of from one to three hundred pounds sterling per an- num, to be taught the art of cullivuling tite earlh ; lience the uiieipialled perfection in agriculture ex- hibileil in various parts of Vlie kingdom. During an agricultural excursion into Norfolk in 1820, wo met with the younger brother of the great commercial bouse of Rat/iboue, learning to be a farmer, at a premium of two hundred pounds a year. This young gentleman, like others whom we met with, was obliged to labor in the fields at stated periods, that he might learn his business practically, as well as theoietically ; two and three years are the jieriods generally allotted for acquir- ing the necessary instruction. The following paragraph will serve to show why it is that gar- deners from Germany so generally excel in ihe raising of vegetables for our markets. " In Germany it is customary for those who de- vote themselves lo gardening, to serve an appren- ticeship of three years in a royal garden. After that period is completed, they receive an indenture, elegantly written on parchment, with the head gardener's name, or sign aud seal attached." — Oijiciiiiirt/t.'Wi.'. Farming and Onrdtning. — This is probably the only cotmtry where a man is born a farmer or a Those worthy and enterprising publishers, Messrs Carey, Lea, and Carey, at Philadelphia, have issued one work from the pres-s (ScoWs Life of JVapolcon,J for which they used 25 tons of paper ! There were made in the state of Louisiana : tlic year 1829, eighty-seven thousand nine hui drcil and sixty-tive hogsheads of sugar, ai tlility-nine thousand eight hundred -and seventj four hogsheads of molasses. Of these there wel made on General Wade Ham()toirs jilantatii 1610 hogsheads of sugar, aud 740 hogsheads i molasses. ^ Power of tlie Press. — The following is the ni( to of a late number of the London Mcchanii Magazine : — " One great and kindling thought from .i i tircil an, Alpiue l>crry, Ilautbuis, Uowntou, &:c. Onlcrs for the above i ilireclcd lo J. 15. KcssKi.L, Seed Slure. a-' Nurih .Mark Roslon. where the plants will be delivered, free of chargi Irnusporlailna. 'Ihc plnnis arc packed iu moss for Iran: lion to any part of ihe union. There are about 50 paper mills iu Massachu- setts, six of which have machines for making pa- per: they consume; about 1700 tons of rags, junk, &c., and manufacture to the value of 700,000 dollars a year. It is supposed that the whole pa- per manuliicture in the United States may amount to between (i and 7 millions a year, and employ 10 to 11,000 persons. Great (|iiantilies of rags Iiavo been imported from Germany and Italvi. hut , . our own people now generallv begin to save them, i „ , ., ,».,*'! "^f ' ,. • , , , . '•i ,' . 1 , , " ii- II, Subscribers lo Ihe IVcw I'.ngland Farmcrnrc informet and then; value is probably two millions dollars a I ,hey can havcilieir volumes neiilly nnd failhlully half b ri(/i> itooii. For sale at the Seed Store cdbnecled with ibe New Edj Farmer, 5- North Market street. A linecnllcction of llulch Tulip Roots, ofbrighl red, yi while, pink, and splendid variegated colors, at ^1,(10 per — l-2 1-'2clssin;;le. if year. So much fur old rags. The mills built hy Messrs Gilpin nn the Urand^wiue, in Delaware, form one of tlie largest paper making establish- ments in any country. IJy the machines, a sheet of paper might be made an hundred miles long, weiM it convenient to reel and preserve it ns it passes from them. It issues in a contiiiucd sheet, and is afterwards cut to the sizes desired. It is proposed to light the city of Pitlsbiiiv;li with Scnoca oil. It is found in abundance floating on the siirlacc! of sonic of the creeks, nnd it is said that it might be furnished al 25 cents per gallon if a market were opened for its use. Stenography. — During the earlier course of Col- lege studying, I should exhort all young men to and leiicred, al 15 els per volu office. , by leaving Ibem al JVtn" China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner Received, a great varii-ly of ihe aliove; which, with a pictc assorlmcni of Crockerv, I'hiiia, and Cilass Ware, M i'ered for sale, low, at No. •! bock Square. Powder at 2* per lb, DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for i Cefliml'i .tiiimimilion Store, (ijllroad si, al ry/in7. SlIOT, I'APS, 4;c. o( the tfsl ./i/ii/i/i/— cheap for cash. I'ublishrd every Friday, at 5^ I'cr annum, pnyablo i end of ihc year— but ihosc wlio pay wilhin sixty diiys fn lime of MilvM-ribing. nrc enlllledio ii deducllon of fifiy rei 1 /• Nil pa|>er »ill bo sent lo ndislnncu wiihoul pa>m( inff in.id,' in advnne«. Primed lor J. ». UtissKi.!., by I- R RiTTs— by all dcscnpiions of Priming can l>e executed to meet iho df cusUinurs. Orders for priming received by J. B. Rui at Uie Auriculiural Warcboute No. i'i Ngrib Hvktl ^^^^^^^f^l^o^^^ ^OL. YIII. AGRICULTURE. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER^TTsS No. 10. For Ilie Sillowins able comiiiunic-alions, signed S. X. we iiuiehled to a Iriend in Essex couiily. THE DAIRY. fariuei- in Essex county the last year, after lying a family of five persons witli what milk were disposed to use, from eight cows, he- ^ n tlic 14th of March and the last of Novem- §iia.„. uie xwi.i oi juarcli were '"'"] f="™<=rs is very ordinary ; farmers are ever' Lth English hay, and received about one ""^"y '° ^'=" t''«r 'lest calves to the butqher, be- f Indian corn, on the ears, a day, to each '^""^*^ ^^^ '"'"'S ^'"^ '^^st price ; they permit their untif about the middle of May. From this f"^^'^ '" "° ^^ ''^'^ '""*' miserable bulls, which may they fed in the pasture ; and throu-h theP''''^™ '° "^"^ ''°"'''^"''-'"' '° ^''^"^ ! '^"<^ but little ! season, in addition to the feed there obtain- *^""'P''"'""^'e encouragement is given to the best " " attempts to iniprove our stock. Few farmers, we believe, are aware of the dif- ference in the richness or the butter properties of tlie milk of different cows. With a view of ascer- taimng this as nearly as I could in my own dairy, I Uied by a lactometer or cream guage the miik i el wurtzel to a cow per day; one half in the "' fo'"' of my cows, taken at the same milking, ng and the other at night." It is his ooinion '" '"I""' quantities, and suffered to stand in tlie same jilace, and the safne space of time. The difference surprised me. Nine inches in depth of the milk of my poorest cow, for which I had paid a high price, gave, in twenty-four hours, two tenths of an inch of cream. The same quantity of the milk of my best cow at the same time gave thir- teen tenths of an inch of cream. They went in the same pasture, and there was no known differ- ence in their feed. One however had Been lon- ger in milk than the other, though both had had calves that season. The accounts of butter made by some of the improved Durham short horned cows in England, are quite extraordinary; as they are not at hand I cannot now quote them. Tlie Ayrshire cows in Scotland, according to Sir John Sinclair, produce about 900 gallons of milk per year; which, allow- ing 3 gallons to one pound of butter, is equal to 300 lbs. per annum. He mentions that an emi- nent dairy farmer in Galloway, Scotland, states that every cow on his farm yielded annually her own weight in cheese, and that he would not keep a milch cow that did not yield cheese in the course of the year equal to her own weight. Sur- vey of Scotland, vol. i, p. 114. Lawrence in his Treatise on cattle, speaks of an Alderney cow, who during three weeks, made 19 pounds of butter each, week. N. Y. Memoirs vol. iii, p. 262_Mr Powel's cow Belina made at the rate of nuire than 20 lbs. per week. The Oakes cow of Danvers made 19^ lbs. one week ; abgve sixteen lbs. per week for more than three tnonths; and from the 8th of May, when her I calf was killed, to the 20th of December, 48'lf lbs. I The Nourse cow, which recbived a premium at j'the Essex Show, made more than 14 lbs. per j week for several months. The ■Waltham cow, j which received the Brighton premium in 1820* [ made 13 1-2 ibs. of butter per week on an ave- rage. Above all there is the famous English cow owned by Mr Cramii, which has probably never been equalled, who in 180.5 in 43 weeks and one day made 540 lbs of butter. 1807 in 45 weeks 4.50 (]<,_ 1808 in 51 weeks and four days 675 do. 1809 in 42 weeks and three days 466 do. 1809-10 in 57 weeks 594 do. Memoirs of Massachusetts Agricultural Society vol. iv, p. 331. These, it is true, are most extraordinary exam- ples ; but thougli we do not aspire to such splen- did results, yet we have by no means determined how nearly we may approximate them by careful selection, im[)roved breedir-g, good keeping, and better management. Much more depends on these things, than most of us are aware, and no pains ought to be spared in doing what we can to promote the improvement of our dairy stock. A poor cow is not worth the keeping, and a good cow is one of the greatest benefactions which, as far as human subsistence is concerned, a kind pro- vidence has bestowed among its earthly gifts. Scptemher, 1829. s. "x. POTATOES. The Rogers potato, which is said to be from Connecticut, and the seed of which was pur- chased at the Seed Store of.). B. Russell, proves most excellent: numerous, not large, which is perhaps owing to the drought, but of a very fine quality. The early Gourgas potato from Weston, purchased at the same place, is likewise abundant' and of a very superior kind. The Chenango, or otherwise Richardson potato is productive, early, and fine. Potatoes, we learn in Maine and New Hampshire, have been very much cut ofi' by the severe drougiit. We can expect therefgre, but kw supplies from the eastward. S. X. September, 1829". EXTRAORDIiVARY YIELD. The fact has recently come to our knowledge, that a farmer the last year in West Newbury from one potato, used as seed, gathered four bushels and a half of potatoes. We understood him to say that the potato weighed two and a half pounds, and that in jilanting he cut out all the eyes, and divided the potato into several iiieces, in order to plant as much ground as he could with it. September, 1829. S X. ON TOPPING THE STALKS OP INDIAN CORN. Indian Corn, when all its uses are considered, is the most valuable i)roduct of our cultivation. On this account, the best mode of raising and mana- ;ing it must be an interesting subject of inquiry to ivery farmer. In no crop cultivated among us 71 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 25, 1S20. liave greater utivmiccs been made ; since where twenty-five busliels of oorii to the ncre were for- merly i-onsiilereil as the average crop, lilty "'" not now uiicuiimion ;oiie hundreil are sriniuiiines pro- duced, and even in old Massucliiisctts, we, learn from tlio riymoiitli county af^ricidiural reports, one hunilri'il and lliirty-six bushels have been raised. Tlie point wliirh I now wish to propose to the consiilcration of farmers, and upon wliich 1 hope to obtain tlirnngh the medium of your excel- lent paper the judgment and experiments of the intelligent ami observing, is this: — what is the ef- fect upon the crop from the praclicc of topping the stalks or stripping the blades of corn ? I shall refrain from giving my own o]iinion in the case, but shall ipiotc some authorities and state- ments, which certainly have weight ; and wliich with many will he deemed decisive. In a late tour through a neighboring county to visit some farms proposed for i>reininnis, to which the connnitlee of the county society ilid me the honor to invite me, in examining the farm of a gentleman, who was the last year a successful competitor, the subject came under discussion in a field, where a part of the corn had been topped early in August, and another part had lieen recent- ly topped. This was tlie 8th September. The farmer himself, upon being <]uestioiied bclbre ex- amination as to the expediency of early topping, answered, that in his opinion it was not injurious to the crop. Others of the gentlemen agreed with him, maintaining that the office of the top- stalk being solely the impregnation of the ear, it might be removed without injury when that office was rendered, which migl t be su])posed to be the case as soon as the ear w:as well formed, and the silk beginning to change. I pon a care- ful examination of difttrent parts of the ticid, however, I believe it was generally agreed, and ad- mitted by the farmer himself, though opposed to liis previous opinion, that the cars on the corn re- cently topped were better " fdled out," than on that where the top-stalks were cut early. On visiting the farm of another neat and skilful husbandman we pro[)osi-d the same intpiiry. lie replied that he had macd another portion late, and left a third portion untouched until harvest; and that the result was very decidedly in favor of that wliich had not been cut, and propurtionahly in fa- vor of that which had been late toj>|icd. 1 beg in the ne.vt place to refer you to a state- ment of Lorain in his most useful book on Hus- bandry, of which the New York Alemoirs of agri- culture say vol. iii, p. 131, " they do not know a book better calculated to ini|)rovc .\mcrican farm- ing than this." I entirely coincide in their opinion. Loniin, chapter xiii, p. 159, — "IMrBordley says lie has stripped the blades, and cut ofl' the tops, when the com was nearly soft enough for roast- ing car.'*, and that no diiliiience was observed be- tween this and the rest." If the gcutleman had mi^Lsined the product he would have seen a mark- cil difrcrencc. It was discovered early in Au- gust, 1810, that proper grasses n>r soiling my cattle would soon he very deficient ; and on the 20lh of that month one roiv of corn in a field of thirteen acres was top[>ed to ascerlaiii how the plant would boar early cutting. It was thought that it hail re- ceived no injury. On the 31st of the same month I couimeuccd feeding the cattle with the tops out daily as wanted. These lasted until the 18th rieptember. After this the blades were stripped, commencing %\ here the topping began. They fed the cattle until the otli of October. In the pro- cess of top]iing and blading, one row was left en- tire, standing between the row which liacf been topped on the 20tli of August, and another row that was topped on the 2d September. These three rows were cut oil by the roots on the 2d of October and hauled in and set up separately, under my own insjiection. They were husked and measured on the Stli of November. Produce of the row that had not been topped and stri|ipcd, nine bushels and five-eighths of corn in the ear. One of the rows which had been topped and stripjied measured seven bushels and six-eighths; and the other topped and stripped row measured seven Imshels and three-eighths of corn in the ear. Thus it clearly appears that mutilating the corn idant before its fruit is perfected, is a very injuri- ous practice. The injury done to my crop by this management was clearly seen some time before the threcexperimental rows were ciitoffi Through- out the whole field the husks were generally tlry and open except on the row, which had not been topped and strijjped. On this they still retained a greenish hue and were close set to the car, when the plants were cut off by the roots. As several writers on Agriculture had asserted that the tops of jiotatoes might be cut and given to the cattle without injury to the crop, I cut oft' the tops from a row running through the middle of a very luxuriant i)atch. Care was taken to cut them in that way which was supposed least likely to prove injurious to the future growth of the plants. The debilitated appearance of the second growth of the tops determined me not to risk a second cutting of them. When the crop was ga- thered, the roots in the raw that had been cut did not seem to be more than half as largo as those in the rest of the patch. In fact I have never seen any advantage arise either from carefully trimming or ruggedly mutilating annual plants ; on the con- trary much injury certainly follows." So far this intelligent and practical farmer. As tending by analogy to throw some light on this subject, I beg to refer you to some experiments of Mr (.^uincy on the eflect of topping carrots, conducted with the intelligence and exactness which has always distinguished that gentleman, in 3d vol. of the Memoirs of the Mass. \g. Soc.p. 180. "It was stated confidently by some English writers on the cultivation of carrots, that the tops might be cut early for the purpose of feeding cat- tle, which were soiled not only without injury to the roots, hut even to the benefit of the roots, which, it was said, would in this way grow larger. Mr Qiiincy took twenty-six beds of carrots in the same field, ami the same size, with a view of fully testing these statements and in the month of Julv when the lower leaves first began to wither, he caused every other bed to be cut as dirt'cted, being careful not to crop the crown or head of the root. So that there was a cut and an uncut hcil alter- nately thioiigli the whole piece. They were gathered and the roots measured careftilly on the 20tli October. The total product of the uncut beds was 10 U bushels. The total product of the cut beds was 58 bushels. — Judging by the eye the si/o of the roots of the cut bed was nearlv two thirds los than that of the uncut bed. oii weighing the bushel of carrots taken from the uncut l)t:d, 1 found it weighed fifty-three pom Those from the cut bed weighed forlv-ei pounds." These, Mr Editor, must I think be deci important experiments, if not decisive of iliitstion at ihsue. From a remark of I.ora iriailc above, it may be sometimes iinpuriant cut the tops with a view to hasten the ripenin the crops, as this will doubtless be its elfec Again it may be said that the increased valu the tops for fodder when cut in a green rai > than in a dry stale is an eipiivaleiit for the lo> the product of grain. 1 will not presume to cidc this; though my own experience, and 1 v; I my com fodder when well cured almost as in 'as my English Hay, is in favor of cutting up whole field by the roots, when I cannot find ear which is not too hard to roast — and allov it to ripen in the shock; in which case the "b or lower end being cured in n green state while the sap is retained in it, becomes almo; valuable as the top stalks. This mode is prai cd in many places, and is detailed in a conim cation from Philemon Ilalsted, in New ^ .Memoirs, vol. iii. j). 101 — and re|)ublislied in N. E. Farmer, vol. v. p. 75. I forbear any farther remark.*, in hopes this communication may elicit other facts remarks on this subject from some of your im gent correspondents ; or in |)arliamentary s I submit the decision to the Chair, so ably 1 as it is by the Editor of the New I'.ng rarmcr. S. T loth September, 1829. THE SINCLAIR BEET. Mr Rlsseli The seed of Sir John'Siiicl new variety of Beet, which I procured of was planted in June — they have very fiir cxr ed my expectations, and are the most luxu vegetable I ever saw ; the leaves of some ol plants occu|)y five feet of ground, and the lar on measuring, I found to be 2 feet 6 to 2 {ii inches in length, and 12 to 15 inches stalk< 2J to 3 inches wide — they bear frequent < ping, taking the outer leaves, and preserving centre or crown. The great value of this etable is in the top, and not the root. — The; of early maturity, and easy culture — a|i|ier stand the drought remarkably well, and com in the same thrifty condition through the sei The leaf is as tender as lettuce; this wlih stalk, I have had boiled and served uji like nacli ; which it far excels, in my opinion, an estimable product of its kind, and richi) serves cultivating. — I hope it may be in power to jirocure, and fijrward uie some mo. the seed another season. Yours, very respect full v. L. JENKIX Ca;iiiMrf(ng-i(n, .V. Y. Sept. 15, 1829. DISSEMINATION OF FINE STOt K. Mr Ki'ssELL — IVrmit me by this opportu to mention to you, the liberality of the Ibwi. J Wki I.KS of your city, \\ ho docs not coniini cllbrts to tlio advancement of wgricultuml wi to his own State. A few weeks since, 1 liai pleasure to receive from him, a present of a fine young Durham Improved Short Horn, out of .Vdiniial, presented to your MiissacbV ^ agricultural society, by Sir Isaac Cofii.n. aninuil is of great |iromise, a fine .^iiecinM '''^ the Durhiuus ; much admired ; and crcditi stock of Mr Wellks at Dorchester.— Sir 10 Coffin's efforts to ilissoniiiiate tliis valiia- race of Cattle, are remarkably secoiidoil by gentleman, who lias for many ytars, sought to rove the native cattle of the country. % 'o the great patron of all that is good, the ROOM,* 1 am still ill debt — his liberal efforts continued to introduce these animals into this I e ; and to the fanner, none are so valuable, eturn him so large an income in so short a 1 ! fur his labor. Very resp(H-tfiillv. L. JKNKINS. 'anandaigua, Jsr. Y. Sept. 16, 1829. Ion. S. Van Rensselaer, cf Albany. irol.VllI.— No.lO. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 75 thus augmenting, in compound proportion, that great source of fertility." Here we may observe, that the easiest, cheapest, and most certain mode of improving poor land, is preferable to any other, if to be trusted ; and this meanest of land is not only improved, but put in a permanent state of fertility, independently of manure ; manure produced by common fertility, is to be used on other lands. The reason why husbandmen differ so strenu- ously from said author, may, hereafter, be can- vassed by the ijublic's friend. WORCESTER. FOR THE NLW ENGLAND FARMER, ERNSEY PEAR— A NATIVE VARIETY. William Pri.nce, iiR — I have sent for you, to the care of Messrs fc J Swords, a small ])ackage of the grafts of very fine Pear, respecting which, I spoke to 111 when I visited your garden last summer.— 3 of the melting kind, larger than the Virga- (or St Michaels) ripens in September here — uld be gathered as soon as the stem will se- ate by a clean fracture — and ripen in the ise, and must be eaten as soon as yellow and How, as it will not keep. — I have had one of in which measured 11 inches in circumfer- ;e — they are more juicy, and much more deli- iis than the St Michaels. — The tree from which y are derived was raised from the seed, and 1 pose them to be an original sort. — Should my 3S do well this year, 1 will send you a sample the Fruit. Your ob't. servant, J. K. GUERNSEY. tsford, Monroe Co.,M Y. August, 1829. ^. B. The scions received are growing vigor- ly, and I have called it the Guernsey pear. W. P. Linnean Garden, J\i'tw York, Sept. 20, 1829. ESSEX CATTLE SHOW. The Cattle Sliow, E.\hibition of Manufactures and Ploughing Match of the Essex Agricultural Society, will be held at Haverhill, on Tiiursday, the first day of October. commence at 9 o'clock, A. M. The whole busi- ness will be transacted in one day. The Society has liberally offered ihe whole amount of the income of their own funds, as well as the sum granted for that purpose by the Legislature, in premiums ; and we trust the E.xhibition of live stock and vegeta- ble products will be such as to do credit to thisin- nuential Society. We shall ne.\t week mention some of the most important prcmiiiiiis, and the time and mode of making the necessary entries. Diabolical Outrage. — On Sunday evening last some heartless scoundrel entered upon what is called the Waite farm, in Miilbury, and girdled fifly young apple, trees. Mr Heywood, of Wor- cester, has [iromptly offered one hundred dollars reheard for the detection of the offender ; who it is hoped will not escape the punishment due to so detestable a crime. FOR THE NEW ENGT.ANO FARMEK. IRRIGATION. On agricultural subjects, there are few more litroverted, and few more important, than irri- noN. This branch of husbandry, I propose discussion. The most approved agricultural author posi- ely states, that land, irrigated, will produce three is^ of hay, annually, per acre, without having y occasion for manure ; besides one or two )ps of ])asture, or being grazed, fall and spring, Bryyear; and that this production is perpetual. ider the head of advantages he writes thus, JVhere the situation is favorable, the following . nefits result from the practice of irrigation. It is by far the easiest, cheapest, and most rtain mode of improving poor land ; in particu- dry, gravelly soil. 2. The land, proved, is put in a state of perpetual out any occasion for manure, trouble weeding, or any other material expense. S. It comes so productive, as to be capable of yield- g the largest bulk of hay, besides one or two ops of pasture every year. 4. In favorable sit- itions, it yields grass early in the season, when it doubly valuable. And 5. Not only is the land us rendered fertile, without having any occasion r manure, but it produces food for animals, which nconverted into manure, to be used on other lands r any poor, men once imp Irtility, withou WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW. The Worcester Cattle Show, 5:c. on the 7th of October, as stated in our paper of the 18th inst. In the handbill announcing the premiums, &c. it is stated that " The unsatisfactory mode of de- termining the relative excellencies of Milch Cows, by mere inspection of them in the Pens, or from recollection of verbal representation made to the Committee at the moment of examination, has de- termined the Trustees in offering the above liberal l)rcniiuiiis, [viz. $15 for the best, $10 for the next best, &c.] to require of the claimants, at the time of entry, to file their certificate in writing, of the product of milk, or of butter and cheese made from the Cow from the 1st to the 20th of June, and from the 10th to the 30th of September — as- certained in such a manner as may be entirely satisfactory ; also stating the time of the Cow's calving, the quality of the calf, and if the Cow has had any other keeping than by pasture, of what, and in what quantity it has been. And no person shall be considered by the Committee of Judges, a Competitor for either of the above premiums for Cows, who has not strictly complied with this rule. It is desirable also, although it is not made requi- site to obtain a premium, that if the Cow is from a dairy stock, the certificate should contain statement of the number and breed of the Cows kept together, and the |)roduce in veal, butter and cheese; and of the number of Swine kept as con nected with the dairy, through the season to the time of the Show." Among the premiums are " For the best plantation of White Oak Trees, not less than one acre, nor fewer than one thou- sand trees |ier acre, to be raised from the Acorn, and which trees shall be in the best thriving state on the 1st day of Sept. 1830, the premium to be paid to the proprietor of the land on which said trees grew on that day, fifty dollars. " To the proprietor of the best Nursery of JIul- berry Trees, within the County, in number and quality on the first Wednesday of May, 1832, to be determined upon inspection and comparison, by a committee to be appointed by the Trustees for that jiurpose, ujion the application of those who shall claim to be competitors, twenty days next jire- ceding the said first Wednesday of May, sixTr dollars." From Ihe York (Pa.) Recorder The Annual Cattle Show, Exhibition of Manu- factures, and Ploughing Match of the Massachu- setts State Agricultural Society will take place at Brighton, on Wednesday the 14th of October, to LARGE GRAPES AND THE FOX GRAPE. The Yorkville (S. C.) Pioneer lately stated that several Madeira grajies, weighing 80 grains each, had been gathered in a vineyard belonging to Col. Clandinen ; and that the Muscatel grapes in the same vineyard averaged 50 grains. — Grapes, of these kinds, equally large, we do not doubt, could be found in abundance in this county. The own- ers of vineyards would nevertheless do themselves credit by furnishing the proof. We saw yesterday some white or " guteder grapes, from Sir George Small's vineyard, among which, though they were pulled early last week and consequently somewhat withered, there were several that weighed 69 grains. In the National Intelligencer, of the 7th instant, it is mentioned that Mr Adam Lindsey, of Wash- ington city, selected from his vineyard, near the Navy Yard, two grapes, one of them a Georgia bullus, weighing 82 grains, and the other an Ital- ian grape called the Roman plum, weighing 135 grains. — We do not know whether there are in the York county vineyards any of these kinds of grape, and consequently cannot say whether our vigue- rons are jirepared to compete for the prize. If they are and can claim the palm, we shall take pleasure in proclaiming it. In one particular, however, we think we need not hesitate to assert the superiority of York coun- ty, when the size of a jiroduct of this kind is the subject of boast. A German emigrant, in this count}^ several years ago transplanted a vine of the common white Fox grape, from the forest to a si)ring house near his dwelling : by which pro- cess, and the slight attention paid to its culture, the fruit has been remarkably enlarged in size and also considerably improved in quality, though it still retains its strong peculiar odor. We last week obtained several specimens of the grape pro- duced by this vine. Their average size and weight was fully double that of the grajie in its wild state. One of the larger weighed 153 grains, another weighed 162, and a third 164 — this latter meas- ured 3| inches in circumference. These grapes were sold here at four cents per quart. It is the opinion of several experienced vigne- rons, with whom we have conversed, that by trans- planting, grafting, pruning, and suitable culture, and attention, this much neglected anil despised native variety may he so meliorated that the culti- vation of it, on an extended scale, would jirove profitable. 76 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Soj>! \H-29. SUCKING CALVES. A very intnlligcnt niiil pinctical farmer states lliul lie considers notliing more conducive lo the thriving of sucking rnlvcs than to ki'-p in tlieir jioiis on ample, supply of dry yellow loam, of whirli they arc nt liherty to cat n3 frerly as they choose, 'i'liey will n.se it ea-j'erly, and ho regards it a.s of more value for them than Indian meal. There is no hotter evidence of it.s utility, than the fact that no man's calves find a readier .sale, or hring a hifihcr price in our market than his. The philo.sophy of it \vc do not pretend to ex])lain. ScpUmbcr, 1829. S. X. CrUR.VNT WINK AND 1X>X GKAl'i: WI\E. Mr Skinner — I have made currant wine which was so highly esteemed, that I have licen oflered for it the best Madeira upon equal exchange. I fill my casks about three fourth,«, that the matter thrown up during the fermentation may not work over ; when that process is fmished it sinks, and ' carries down with it whatever would make the li((uor turbid, and leaves it more perfectly fine than the addition of any foreign matter could render it. We have here several kinds of both the red and black fox grape, and many hybrid.s from their union with the several varieties of the summer and winter grape. We have also the white fox grope. Respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM OWENS. Lynchburgh, Jlugust 14, 1829. Receipt for Fox Grape Jf'ine. — To every bushel of grapes, add twenty-two (piarts of water, wash the fruit and ])eriuit it to stand twenty-four hours, then strain, and to every gallon of juioo add two pounds of brown sugar ; fill the ca.'^k about three fourths, let it stand open for fourteen days, then close the bung. Jiallimore and Ohio Railroad — The National Journal says, the progress of this work has hitlier- lo equalled all reasonable e.xpectatiou. The mag- nitucle of the work and the gigantic character of the ojicrations necessary for the removal of natu- ral obstructions, the extent of which can only be known from personal inspection, forbid that rapid perforation of tlie country which incxiierienced or inconsiderate men might ex|iect ; but all which labor and perseverance, aided by a competent co|)ital, can perform, has been, and continues to be, performed. Fruits and Frosts. — Prcsid(!nt Dwight, in his "Travels in New Kngbinil," &e. says, the com- mon opinion, that tender plants and fruit trees ought to be placed ill u warm southern exposure, to preserve them from frosts is erroneous. Mo ad- duces many facts to jn-ove that fruit trees should be planti;d on north-western, nortlirrn, or western declivities, where they may be enposcd to the north-west winds. A white frost being merely frozen dew, the great object shoulil be to keep the dew from ri;stiiig on the plants. This can bo ef- fwctiially done only by <;xposing them to the free access of the itortli-wcst winds, llio source of al- most every while frost. I'lams from whieii the dew is swept away by this wind will escape ; while thrisr, which, Tiy brint' Khelti-rey one who has recently tried it, efl"ectual and prompt relief to the most violent sprains. Our informant says that he met with so severe a sprain on Monday, in jumping . , ,■ r , ^', ■ , , ■ , , r 1 . .1 1 .• .1 . 1 ■ 11 . I the gcneralilv of those fish With which t from a vessel to the wharl, that he was unable to I ^ walk. Olid had the conl of his leg ond foot so drawn up, that he was fiir some time in the most excruciating pain. A friend suggested the above named application, which gave immedialc relief, and he was able yesterday to walk to his place of business A". I'. Mcr. Mr. The Librarian anil Curators of the .\lbnny In- stitute, acknowledge the receipt of a splendid do- N'atv.ral means of storking Ponds on Hills n Fish. — It has long been considered as a dillic point to ascertain the means by which mount, streams or ponds situated upon hills Iicco. stocked with fish : for although it is well kno' that the salmon has the means of making its w U[i against rapid Water-falls by its powerful m cular action, yet (his is by no means the case w e strca and ]ionds thus circumstanced are filled. Snclson, of the Western Literary Institution, 1 however, many ycai's since, nsccrtained the i portant fact, that the large water beetle, which in the habit of fiTiling upon the spft«n of |i occasionally in the evening climbs up the stems rushes, \"c. out of the water, sufticienily high enable it lo take wing, nntl he has caught it its flight, and putting it into water, found thai Voi.vni.— No. 10- lilve oiii the si)awii il li:ul goi-'jed itself witli, pre t(. its taking fliglit, botli in ;i digested and in S undigested state, so that on trial he ascertan.ed ,t it iiioduced fish of various kinds.— ^tHflg'e » sister. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL^ 77 CRIME IN LONDON. n Wo mentioned yestcnlay, a n<^w and authentic ii jrlv on the Police and Crimes of London. The IS tails which it contains excite wonder and afford undant moral instruction. We shall proceed to udeiise a few for our readers, in order to con- y an iilea of the extraordinary characters of the I .rregate. The British metropolis alone would b rnish iniich more than occupation enough to the r(;OstzcalousandinteHigentphilanthropist,through- ni It the longest life that ever was desired lor the Hvention and accomplishment of schemes of or- ilj !r and benevolence. Iji The ■constables in the metropolis are near ■ tieven hundred in number; those on whom the . I Bcc devolves by operation of law, are, for the ,, ost part,.aboye its functions ; those who actu- s ly discharge tbem, are unworthy of the trust. ^a Crime has increased considerably ; in a ratio i reater than that of the population. Prinking ! < -nong the lower class— chiefly laborers— is spe- a fied as one of the main causes. Gaming has Intended, and reache.l a dreadful pitch. Some of I ,e many gaming houses, or " hells," are on the llii .rgest and most luxurious scale. The nett proets iDlf one of these, in one season, amounted to more ,;ie lan one hundred and fifty thousand pounds ster- ni ng. In one night, a million of money was ' turned ill ver,' and the sum of ten thousand guineas occa- ivliionally stakkl on a single chance. The total I I ain in one year of the principal « hells," fell but |i ttle short of three millions sterling. The amount itl f sums won and lost annually, is estimated at be- ween seven and eight millions, r From 1790 to 1825, 49,754 commissions of fi ankrnptcy were issued. From returns of affida- ■ I its of debts, it appears that in two years and a Mialf 70,000 persons were arrested in and about fK.OBdon— law expenses, five hundred thousand impounds sterling, no more. More than eleven thou- 'al and persons were deprived of their hberty on the -le Tiere declarations of others, before any tribunal ri ,r proof that they owed a farthing. In 1827, the wl lumber of executions issued was 4408, for £5o9, i,,i,i34. 'Some of the great debtor prisons are itunown to be perfect hells, in which deeds of the II, nost revolting nature are of ordinary occurrence.' :rime and misfortune share the same fate, and »-e brought into the most cruel and degra.lmg , "ellowship. , c 1 ■■ Thirty years since, the number ot beggars in ''London was estimated at fifteen thousand. It must now be double or treble that number. Nine- ™;y-nine out of every hundred are of the idle and Drofli^ate class,— more or less impostors. Ihe number of persons who, last year, presented ! themselves for relief to « the Society for the Sup- pression of Mendicity in the Metropolis," amount- " i Bd, including theh- families, to nearly forty thou- Band. Upwards of thirteen thousand beggars are '' ■ annually conveyed out of London by the parishes ; "I they usually return, and finally escape detection. !' To illustrate the sum of juvenile delinquency, iu London, it may be sufficient to mention that '"! during the last few years, out of 16,427 commit- ; raents in Surrey, 7,292 were of P'^^sons under J twenty years, and 370 under twelve. Out of 4000 convicts on board the hulks, 300 boys under six- teen, were taken at once to be placed m a sepa- rate ship. On the morning of the 26th Septem- ber last, one hundred and twenty children of this miserable description were brought up at one of the London police offices: they had been found sleeping in a biick field. Eight out of ten of the boys, sentenced for a short period to transportation, or confinement on board the hulks, return to then- old wicked courses. The experience of the Brit- ish metropolis— which is complete— proves the utility of Houses of Refuge, such as have been established in the United States. Our author re- marks, that it is from the many thousands of child- ren, who have no regular employment, and no moral asylum, that is derived the chief mass ot criminals who crowd the prisons, the hulks, and the convict settlements. A very considerable por- tion of them are found to have been taught to read and write :— idleness, the want of a home, or a vicious home, are the principal causes of their ruin. . The annual average loss of property by fire in London, is near £200,000, with a number of lives. Half the fires are supposed to bo the work of in- cendiaries. Attached to the difll'rent courts are about 800 officers, to which may be added 350 barristers, 2000 attorneys, 130 conveyancers, 69 special pleaders, 84 proctors, 40 public notaries, 4000 clerks, assistants, and others, besides doctors at law, masters in chancery, Serjeants at law, and king's counsel— making a legal phalanx of neariy eight thousand. Lawsuits have vastly muUiplied, and involve an amount of property and professional practice, of eight, ten, or more millions sterimg. In the five principal prisons, 6000 persons have been annually shut up for debt. A few years ago the number of, students of anatomy was about one thousand. There are about ten thousand general practitioners of medicine in England and \Vales. Receivers of stolen property in London, a-'ents and le^al solicitors for criminals, and per- sons who und"ertake to recover property by com- promise with roguery, make large fortunes. An eminent solicitor related to the police committee ' that when -lie regretted to a chief officer of pohce the increase of crime, the officer answered "Well, master, you and I have no reason to find fault, be- cauce v/ith us, you know, the more the merrier. The pride of character, integrity and honor has " fallen at least 50 per cent within the last fourteen years." Thern has been a great increase in the sale and consumption of ardent spirits. The use of them, in London, may be said to be universal— " Decent females, as well as those of a dissolute character, are addicted to dram drink- ing." It is noted of a certain gin-shop in West- mhister, that the proportion of w-onien who enter it, to the men, is as nineteen to one. No wUi;re in the worid is beastly intoxication more common. — Capt. Hall would ascribe it, we presume, to the influence of the democratical part of the English constitution. The author of the book before us, connects it with other circumstances, such as the following : — . • i "In the great woolen and cotton districts in the country, as%vell as the metropolis, there has long been advancing a process of consolidation of capi- tal, or its accumulation into large masses, which have either swallowed up, or reduced to the level of a verv bare subsistence, all the subordinate manufacturers, traders, dealers and chapmen. But the depression in the price of labor below the means of comfortable subsistence, from the com- )ctition of workmen, is an evil of far greater inairniiudc. The statesman must be Wind indeed, who cannot foresee the dreadful catastrophe which must ultimately ensue from the indefinite increase in the number of the people, unaccompa- nied with a corresiiondiiig increase of employment ami subsistence : still it is impossible to imagine how the legislature can successfully interfere, till some national distress, more palpable anil convinc- ing than the reasoning of philosophers, shall have dcinonstrated, even to popular conviction, its use- fulness and necessity. Meanwhile the stream continues to flow ; and when events shall occur which may cause a serious interruption to the or- ilinary means of employment and production, we anticipate a revulsion of misery and discontent like the retrocession of a torrent suddenly obstruct- ed in its course." — Nat. Gaz. IVEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTONrFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1829. HORTICULTURAL FESTIVAL. The first Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society was lield on Saturday the I'.Hh inst. at the p:xchana-e Coffee House, under the most promising aus- pices, and in a manner truly gratifying to its trienda. The dinino- hall was very tastefully ornamented with festoons of flowers susiiended from the chandeliers ; and the tables were loaded with orange trees in fruit and flower, (from Mr Lowell's green house,) ; a large variety of Mexican Georginas of uncommon size and_ beauty, (from Mr Pratt and others,) a fine speeimen of the India rubber tree, (from Mr Belknap of this city) interspersed with large boquets of beautiful flowers, and numerous baskets of grapes, peaches pears, melons, apples &c &c. The arrangement of the decorations was m'ade by Mrs Z. Cook, Jr. and Misses Downer, HvviN TcTTLE, and Cook of Dorchester, assisted by Mr Ha'ggerston of Charlestown, and Messrs Senior and AoAMSos of Roxbury. The Address before the Society and others was de- livered in the picture gallery of the Atheneum, at 3 o'clock by the President, Gen. Dearborn He gave an interesting and comprehensive view of the origin and prooi-ess of Horticulture; its various branches ; its eflects m multiplying and enriching the fruits of the earth ; and alluded to the promoters and benefactors of the art • to the formation and beneficial labors of Horti- cultural Societies ; and to their prospects of increasing usefulness. i , i r Amono- the fruits presented were two baskets ol un- commonTy fine grapes and pears from Wm. Dean of Sa- lem—a basket of superior peaches and grapes trom &. Ix. Perkins of Brookline. Fine fruits, (includmg a single bunch of grapes weighing 3 lbs.) from Mr LowELL-a basket of fine sweet water grapes and peaches Mvr. of Salem— a basket of the new I (•'niton pv;ar from T. Gkkkxi.kvi- of Quincy — a bask'-l | of various fruits from K and Mr Fosdick, raised in the open air, and the green house grapes of Messrs Dea.v, Perki.s's and Slllivan, deserved particu- lar commendation. We regret that our minutes with regard to the iliffer- enl kinds of fruits sent by individuals are so scanty as not to admit of a more particular description. We shall publish next week, however, a few notes sent witli some fruits, where they have reference to their productiveness and other qualities — including one from Mr Parmestier, accompanying some rare vegetables sent by him — A large box of very fine peaches, nectar- ines, and pears sent by Mr Wil.son of New York, were received too late for the dinner, in consequence of the detention of the steam boat. The ILall of the Exchange was literally crowded with visitors, from 12 to 2. It was much regretted by the Committee of Arrangements that a larger Hall had not been engaged for the occasion. At 4 o'clock, the Society, with their friends and in- vited guests, to the number of nearly 160, set down to a sumptuous dinner, prepared by Messrs Johns'in &■ Cas- llehousc, when the following sentiments were drunk, REGULAR TOASTS. 1. Jfnrticiilliirc — That rational and noble art, which regales and delights nearly all the senses; which nour- islios a ffencrous gratitude to the autlmr of Jill blessings; and enables man to create a new Eden in recompense of that which his first ancestor forfeited. 2. Human SUiU and Enli^rlitmed Culliration—Thcy have changed the Crab to the Newton Pippin— the aus- tere .Mizzard to the Tartarean and Bigarrcau— the Hog peach to the Noblesse and Vanguard. 3. That art which makes all climates one — which mocks at local distinctions, and makes the tropics tribu- tary to the comforts and luxuries of Hyperborean re- trions — which gives even to Russia tlio I'ine Apple and the -Mangosticn. 4. Uur Native. Fruits — May they '.'} sought out with care and judicious skill — one Secklc will be a re- ward fr)r ten years' research. Nature is our best pre- ceptress, and where she points, we may safely follow. f). May our cultivators be distinguished rather by their ilrcds thjn their words. Select cautiously, but culti- vate liberally. A good fruit will reward labor. (i. Let us encourage a taste for Flowers. God gave them to us for our delight, and it is an omen of a culti- vated age to encourage them. Thoy are the best ap- parel of the best part of human nature. _ 7. Tilt Curator of tlir Camhrid/rr Garden, Thomas Nultall— modest and unj>relending — few men have dona more for American botany tlian he. 8. .IgricuUure and Ilurticullurc—MVicd Divinities, who nauso the Desert to team with abundance, and the " Wilderness to blossom like the Rose." it. Cardeninn—m all its degrees and diversities, from the plat of culinary vegetables, which embosoms the cottage of economy, to the paradise of sweets which em- bowers the mansi'in of (opulence. 10. Tilt Fair Scr and Huriculture— While many a Fair, in yiiutli and beauty's shoon, l*re«idcs the Flora of the Sylvan scene," Full many a (lower shall boast its rullivator, llurscif the fairest, luiest llowcr in naturu. II. Historical Fuels — God made the first Garden — Cain built the first City. VI. The Frast of Reosun — God made a world of good things — and it is man's duty, as well as his privilege, to moke the most of them. 13. The Empire of Man — May it be enlarged by fresh acquisitions from the vegetable kingdom. Every culti- vated plant was once wild — may every wild plant, capa- ble • )f l)cing rendered useful, be cultivated, till not a fruit or a (lower sliall dissipate its fragrance, nor " waste Us sweetness on the desert air." VOLUNTEERS. By the President, Hon. II. .1. S. Dtarhorn. Intelli- gence and Industry — the only conservators of the Re- public. liy the Hon. Thomas L. Winllirop. The Massachu- setts Horticultural Society — the intelligence and zeal manifested in its infancy are sure presages of its future usefulness and prosperity. Bij the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis, Maifor of the City. The standard principles which our fathers planted in the old garden of .Massachusetts — may the taste and fashion introduced from the old world, come free from the can- ker worm and rot. From several gentlemen invited and expected, letters were received, expressing their respect and interest in regard to the Society, but declining to accept the invi- tation to attend on this occasion. Among these were Mr Lincoln, Governor of Massachusetts, J.Q. Adams, Ex-President of the United St.ates, Joseph Story, Jus- tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Joii.n Lowell, Esq., Sir Lsaac Coffin, Commodore Morris, JosiAH QuiNcv, President of Harvard University, Ben- jamin GoRHAM, M. C. and Gen. Wadsworth, of New York. Judge Storv sent the following sentiment : The Massachusetts Horticultural Society, whose ex- cellence is proved by the best of maxims ; " by their fruits ye shall know them." Mr Lowell transmitted the following : The Horticultural Society of Massiichnsctts — I give it welcome as the proper means, the best me.ans, the only means of concentrating the individual skill of our ex- cellent and intelligent cultivators — may its success equal my hopes, it cannot exceed them. Sent by Jacob Lorrillard, Esq. President of the N. Y Horticultural Society : Massachusetts — A trunk whose distinguished branches produce good fruits in every state of the union. Transmitted by Wm. Prince, Esq. Vice President of the N. Y. Horticultural .Society, and a generous patron of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society : — The State of Massachusetts — First in achieving the independence of our country, and foremost in developing the independence of her soil. Transmitted by Wm. Robert Prince Esq. of the N.Y. Horticultural Society The spirit of Horticulture — Which strews our paths with the sweets of Flora, and loads our tables witli the offerings of Pomona. By Dr Bigclow the Corresponding Secretary of the Society. In allusion to a sentiment expressed by the President in his Address. That department of the Horticulturist, in which all citizens are interested, the Seminary. Bii Mr Emmons, llecording Secretary. Horticulture — Tlicyirs* employment of man : may every day's ox- periencc convince him that it is the best. By the Hon. Daniel If'cbster, a Member of the Soeieli/. accompanied by some pertinent introductory remarks upon tlio high professional character and useful life of ftir Lowell. 'The Hon. Jons Lowell — The uniform friend of all sorts of rural economy. By Iter. /('. P. Greentoood. The cullivotion of the earth, the mind, and the heart — May they advance among us rapidly and simultaneodsly, till 'our whole country bloiims like Eden. By John C. Gray, Es//. 2d Vice President. The art of llortir-iilturc, which furnishes us with de]irious but wholesome luxuries, and with cheap but splendid orna. ments; may it never wont encouragement in a Repub- lican and economical country. Ily Enoch llartlelt, Esii. 'M I'ice President. Agricul- ture, Horliculliiro and all other culturo which amelior- ates the comlition of man. By a generous Patron of the Society. The United States ; may their portion of the earth never bo " sub- dued," but )>y the miiskt-t turned into the ploughshare, and the sword into the pruning hook. By H. J. Finn. The Heraldry of Engli-h Hortici turc. Great Britain maybe proud of her privilc^'c confer titles of nobility, but nature bestowed a ln"^ hoiuir on its peerage, when she created a Kmciit. By Thomas Green Frssenden, Esq. Editor of I New England Farmer. The greatest good of the i'r« est number. The whole world a garden, hands inou, to cultivate it, and 'mouths enough to consume its pr ductions. By a Guest. The rising generation ; may these /.. . be so trained as to need but little iTtmniing, becoi valuable jr(un'/ur(/ji, produce /rui'tj worthy a prtmiu and receive prizes at the great final rihibitiun. By a Guest. Thomas A. Knight, Esq. President the Londoti Horticultural Society ; the Gcniuaand PI lanthropist in the science of Horticulture. //;/ Hon. Olirer Fisk of Worcester. Horticulture, t best substitute to our progenitors for their loss of Par disc, and the best solace to their posterity foi the mis ries they entailed. By George Kent, Esq. of JV. //. The fruiU ai (lowers this day exhibited. A splendid excmplificatii of the industry and enterprise of the intelligent foun ers of the Massachusetts Horticultural S<^iety. '• such things are done in the 4'reen tree, what' will done in the dry," By a Guest. Horticulture- Tlie first occupation i Btitutcd for man : to him was given " every herb, ai every tree upon the face of the earth." By John Prince, Esy. of Salem. The wedding T this day celebrate, the union of hearty culture and" ho ticulturc. May the pair be ever held as choice as tl apple of our eye. By the Editor of the Boston Courier. Hon. Daiii Webster— Men arc the growth our frozen realms supplv, And souls are ripened in our northern sky. ' By D. L. Child, Esij. Editor of the Massachusetts J,ni nal. The Ladies— They are Uke •• the lilies of the tiel w'hiih toil not, neither spin ; and yet Solomon in a his glory was not arrayed as one of'these." No wondi then, that we have such a proiiise display of eoicomi and marigolds. By the same. The farmers of Massachusetts; su> cess to their efl'orts to extirpate tlie worst enemy . their mowing lands, the Can-a-duy thistle. By J. Thornton Mams, Esq. Editor of the Ccntint .Agriculture and Horticulture. Fields of action and an bition as extensive as the soil of our country. By A'athan Hale. Esq. Editor of the Boston Dai .Idrertisrr. Horticulture — the Art by which nature taught to improve her own production. By Mr ll'ilson of the Xeic York Horticultural Soeieti The State of Massachusetts — the love of liberty is a' indigenous production of her soil. Her sons led th van in cleaning it from the deleterious brush of tvrann cal oppression. May equal success attend their labor in the more pleasant and delightful departments of milder species of horticulture. By T. Brewer, Esq. of Roxbury. Hon. Joiix Low ELL— The Maca>iitts of New I'nglnnd Horticuliun Himself a Patron, and his premises a PaUcrn of corrcc and scientific cultivation. By Benjamin I', /"reiir/i, of the Committee of Ar.'amrc ments. The Massachusetts Hortieullural Society- Promising in its infancy — m.ay its fruits, like Uiose i olden time, require two to carry a bunch of grapes upoi a staff. After the P-esident had retired, Zebedco Cook, Jr Esq. Ist Vice President, gave — H. A. S. Dearborn. President of the Society — Un dcr his auspices it is more honorable to gather garland: in the garden of the cultivator, than to win laurels ii the field of the conqueror. By SamnrI Doirner Esq. of Dorchester. Our nativi fruits — may they continue to advance, developing then e.vrellenl ipialilios. until, like their native soil, they be come the udmiration uf other climes, and tjio pride ul our own. By a Guest. The Queen of flowers, the Lilt — which (as IS had on the best authority) eclipsed the glory oi Solomon in his imperial purple " fur ho was not Brrayuii liko one of these." By a Gurst. Horticulture — the science which teachei man to inrrease by diminishing ; a profitable barter ol quantity for quality V„I. VIIJ.— No.lO. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. pij Mr J. fl. Itiissdl, Pulilishcr of the .Wjo England ' rmcr. Tlic Long Island Puince of Horticulture — titled by his science, zed and activity to the coronet [^lora, a badjje of distinction more honoraule tijail tile '/( iwn of the conqueror : in him we arc favored with an ellent exception to the ancient adage, " Put no trust iJPWftces." P' Sent by Mr Grant Thorbttrn of New York. The city Boston — its splendid churches, its public spirited citi- is, and its magniHcent villas. '« ?(/ Mr E: IV. Melcalf. The cultivation of the earth, ■'"I the Art of Printing ; the sources of animal life, and nental improvement. Si/ Mr Jeremiah Fitch. Our country's independence ; bast fruit its soil ever produced. ?j/ Mr Rebello, Charge d' Affairs from Brazil. Mutu- rauiplantations between North and South America ''■ he happiness of mankind is based on the liberal ex- ^ .ngc of respective natural products. ?!/ Dr Thatcher of Plymouth American Farmers — ^ 0 increase the capabilities ot the soil, gather the honey, * ; shear the fleece, and reap the harvest foi themselves, * 1 not for another. ]i,?j/ the same. Mrs Mary GrilBth, the scientific Apia- ^ of Now Brunswick. Ttj Cajit. J^'iclioison, of U. S. Navy. Agriculture, ulture and Commerce — the graces of civilization. The following Song, written for the occasion by Finn, of the Tromont Theatre, was sung by him : " Let one great day. To celehratcd sports and Jloral ploy liC set aside.^' Prior. This is our Rome, and I A Flamen Pomonalis. I U prove, in Men'« pursuits, Some Horticultural is ; But while the glass goes round. Lot not a sucher stray, .Sirs ; Transported by the vine, ""T would be our Botany bay, Sirs. The Fruits of Horticulture, You '11 find in every shape, Sirs, Our sailors stein the Currant, In battle, /occc the Grape, Sirs; King George, in olden Thyme, Could not with .S'/jc«r-mint loyal. Compel our soldiers Sage, Tu pay the Penny-Royal. A Lawyer, in his books, Discovers foliation. And often makes his bread, By a.flotcer-y oration; The Sportsman likes the Turf To train his cattle jadish, If he buys a reddish horse, Ho 's sure to like Horse-radish. fairest of Eden's flowers Was Woman, ere farewell. Sirs, She bade to Eden's fruit. The fatal JS'onpareil, Sirs. Here 's Wom.vn ! from the time Creation's pencil drew lips. And the breathings of the Rose, "That lives upon her two-lips. And when at Gretna-ffrcen* Young ladies wish a frolic, if Pa says " C'un't-elope," Why they feel Jlfcioji-cholic ; Good Wives the jy'urserij love, Their tender plants to feed, Sirs, And Widows wish, sub-rosa. To throw aside their weeds, Sirs. The Gambler, on a spade His all on earth \v\\\ stake, Sirs, The Drunkard is a sieve. The Libertine "s a rake, Sirs. May he who — like a blight — The Maiden's peace has broke. Sirs, A /iff7i^mo--Garden see, And feel the Art-to-choke, Sirs. The pretty Gentleman, So lady-like and lazy, Who goes to Mari-gold, And lisps out " lauk a daiscy," Of Navarino stock — A nice corsetted scion, .\mong the Garden stuff', He 's dubb'd a Dnndc-lion. The Spendthrift ends with slugs, And " Verbum sat" 's a hint. Sirs — The Miser is a Snail, That starves upon the Mitit, Sirs : You may Old bachelors. In £///(! r-berries nab, Sirs, Old Maids they say are Medlars Grafted on the Crab, Sirs. We '11 toast the kitchen garden. The Dishes all and each. Sirs, It would our taste im-pair. Their goodness to im-peach. Sirs ; And may we never want The means such limbs to lop, Sirs, And always have good grounds, To gather a full Crop, Sirs. My lines I must re-trench. They better things impede. Sirs, And as my song 's sow, sow, Perhaps you may see seed, Sirs, I 'm certain, with your Leaves, If doggrells thus should trick us Out of our good wine, — Each would be Hortus siccus. Then may Life's evening sun. In setting be serene. Sirs ; Time well employ'd — in Age Will make us evergreen. Sirs : And when the pruning-knife — From fe.ather, or from Cot-bed — Transplants us to the soil. May we escape a Hot-bed. A fine specimen of peaches was making the tour of the tables with great applause, when one of the gentle- men observed, ««c '^"°"' dull through the daj', purc'.iasers not manifesting 12 cts.to gl DO each. a very liberal disnosilion. The few good Cattle I TULIPS-splendid variegated, red, yellow, and mi.xed, 12 , ^ I , , . , >, . „, CIS. each SI 00 perdozen, (our iniportationof fineluhpsis very at market founil a ready sale at about §4 75 per j |a,.ge_ ^„,^ „.e are enabled to put some sons as low as &'5 per cwt. but all other qualities had to submit to a re- ' 100— an object to those who wish to form a superb tulip bed.) ' CROWIN l.MPERIALS- assorted, of the most splendid colours, and showy fiowers, large roots, 25 to 33 els. each. duction of nearly 2-5 cents per cwt. and it was a ruinous business even at that. Store Cattle — 672 at market, of which more , „ .,,,,,• - ■ , , 1 iL- . 1.1. I £■ i ron cups, and yellew with double white cups, extra sized roots, than one lialt were at market last week; alter [ga(.|, having paid their respects to different sections of the country, they returned — but to go and return again. Sheep — 4546 at market, including those unsold last week. As with Cattle so with Sheep, more ! remained unsoli! at the close of the market than at any previous day this season. We shall not this week make an attempt at prices — it is enough to say that an otVer was seldom refuseil. Swine — 321 at market, including 194 unsold Ia.st week. We noticed a slight improveinent in Jt>N(iUlLl.ES— sweet scented, finest roots 12 cts. each. POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS— fragrant, while with cil- each. DOUBLE NARCLSSUS-fragrant, of all colours, I2cls. each — one dollar per dozen. SPRING CROCUS- of all colors, 6 cts. each— 60 cts. per dozen. I'he above roots are from the same house from which we re- ceived our supply last season, and which gave such universal satisfaction ; some of the double Hyaciuilis having produced bells 1 inch and S-lOths in diameter. Purchasers are requested to notice that the above roots are not purchased at auction, and are all remarkable for their size, and for the beauty and delicacy of tint of their flowers. Sea Kale Roots. For sale at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52, the Switie trade, owing probably t^ the limhed | S£ti3^ sy^rs'^llll^rlm^^^^ number in. Two or three lots were taken at 3 3-4 per dozen roots, according to their size.— Directions for the cts. per pound, and a few by retail at 4 a 4 J cts. ''"""'•<= °^ "''^ .^ellent vegetable can be found in Fessenden's * * - I New American Gardener, — the roots are in nne order, and if Mr F08T1 this place is very tine — a pi; lion of alf tfie fiuit Office. the attention of our readers to the advertisement of transplanted this autumn, and properly managed, w ould proba- n this day's paper. The collection of fruit on i biy be fit for use next spring. 1 of the farm, and a particuli in be seen at the New England Farmer Errata.— }n Mr Davis' article on Le"hora Wheal, page 68, third 10 from top, for 1827, read 1833— Ihild lino from the bottom, for fin, at 1 read pea. Notice. A Special meeting of the Board of Counsellors of the Mas- sachuseiis Horticultural .Society will be held on Saturday next, lock, at Horticultnral Hall. A punctual altend'ance ii requested. R. L. EMMONS, Recording Scc'ij. 80 NEW ENGLAND FAllMER. ;cpt. lS-29. run TiiL xtv GARDENING OF THE GERMANS IN I'ENN- SYLVANIA. Having inciuiuiKil llie great cniigriilioii of Gor- inans into IViinsylvaiiiii previuus to tlio French war, I inny now give soniu Ijricf sketrluis of their economy, farining, gardening, &.C., fur which tliey were so justly udniiroil, as forty five or fifty years a"o I was niiirh nniongsl lliuni as a s^invcyor and conveyancer, wi-11 acqiiuintcd with many of the worthies llial had crossed llie Atlantic, and learned to undcrstatid their language intelligibly in busi- ness. They lind come from a connirj- where necessity liad oljligcd tliem to raise all llicy coidd from a lit- tle land : everything ihey ilid was in llie liest man- lier, and they would not undertake inoro than they could accomplish in due season. — Tliey al- ways washed their seed inheat in a tul) of water, carefully skimming olf all that would swim, say- ing it would jii-oduce chess. I have known them to pick out hy hand the largest and best wheat heads, and sow it on new ground, well jircpared, to raise tlie best of clean secil ; then after the wheat came ofl", put the stubble in with turnips-^ flax the ne.vt spring — then wheat again — and sow- grass seed on the snow eitlicr for mowing or pas- ture for milch cows. They generally cleared a small piece of land every year, for the iiurposc of clean seed wheat, tiirnijis and good llax. Dutch wheat used to command an extra i)ricc for super- line flour. For ficcJ com, it would he the first they took out of the tielil, selecting the largest, most for- ward cars from su(di stalks as bore three, leaving two or three thicknesses of husks on, and hanging the ears lip in some building in that order, until they shelled it to plant, and then only take about one third of the ear out of the iniddlo, and never ))lant any where the rows were crooked on the cur. To jiievent birds or squirrels from taking it up, ihcy would steep it in q strong decoction of hellebore roots. Oats, after they were six or eight inches high, they woulil roll them down flat, saying it kept them from lodging, ninl they headed better. Suf- fice it to say, that they rai.sed farbetter, and heavier crops than farmers originally from any other parts of Europe. As to 7nta(lows, they were the people that first introduced IiuunATio.N into Pennsylvania. If they had a stream of water that could be led over the banks, it was a primary object to do it. They kept their meadows dressed smooth and fine, and destroyed all bad weeds, so that their hay was clean and sweet. They were famous for large barns to contain all their pi. luce, and to house all their stock of creatures in stormy weather ; — and very careful of their manure. When snow was on the grouiiil, lliey carted the dung out of their stables, direct on their wheat, and sjiiead it very f ven, saying it preventeil its heaving out with the frost ; and seeded llio fields for piuiluie. They lived more on vegetables than any other people, and made gardens accordingly. I iTiay ilescribo some of their modes of raising and saving sccid. A medical gentleman in Charleston, .'^. C commends to persons who maybe bitten I mail dog, or any other rabid animal, to rejiair mediately to the nearest jiump, and cause wound to be freely ]>umped on, before apfilyin. a iihysician, as this operation cleanses the wo of the poison, and prevents absorption. their g-nri/r:: ;iC(M— saying it prevented the bug ; than before ; and at length hail time and stien and I never saw a bug in a jiea kep; in that to take a walk before breukfiisl, and comple manner. recovered his liealih. Of ctihhrtsre, for the earlv kinds, tliev sowed the' see.l on a s.affold raise.l fi've or six feet from the I' "»" "" "''^"valion of Swift, that be nt groun.l to prevent the small rty from eating them. ^"'='' ""> '"»" "'»"'' '" f-r'-'-'"t''«s« a''J cniioei After the small fiy was done, sow their winter and \ ^* ''" ■*>' "-''«'' ■'■ » uiormng sour krout cabbage broad cast, and where too thick ))iill it out for their cows and pigs. Their way of saving cueumher seed, after the first, orsu<-li nearest the root, began to he soft on the vine, they would take them in, puncture the blossom, and lay that downward on a slanting board, stick the butt full of oats — which would grow and extract the moisture. In that way the cucumbers were dried in the house, and the seed never tak^'n out until put into the ground. Mtlons, they could not dry in that manner, but woulil scrajie out the seed with as nnicli of the glutinous liquid as they could on a coar.sc pajier, on a level board; tliere let them dry in the house, and never siifier them to be washed, or dried in the sun, saying it would weaken the vigor of their growth : and they never would use seed more than two years old. Since I have been away from amongst these good honest peoi)lc, 1 believe that all my jiarticu- lar acquaintance that had crossed the water, (and learned their modes of farming and gardcJiing in a country where experiments were older than in •.\merica,) are dead. Hut froii^ what I have seen in my last travels, it doth not appear that their de- scendants have lost the knowledge of their fore- fathers. Description cannot convey a correct idea of tlie elegance of their management. Let any of the best farmers in the Eastern States, at a proper si-ason of the year, take a tour to Btlhlt- hem, .Yiizarcth, Grealendall, and Christian Spring, in Norlhampton county. All those estates belong to the society of ^Moravian brethren — then go view the large farms (private iwoperty) in JJerks and Lancaster counties, — and they must admit them to bo the best farms in all the United States, and that the emigration from Germany was the tnaking of Pennsylvania. SAMUEL PllESTON. Stockport, Pa. Aug. 7, 1829. fOL Large ff'atermelon. — We were shown, on . iirday last, a walcrmelon, raised by Joshua Si Esq. in this town, Middlefield snriety, wl measured 4 feet 4 inches in circumference, longest way, aiul 3 feet 2 1-2 inches the ot and weighed 42 lbs. He sold it for $1, to Alexander Sage, of ihiii town, I'pper Houses, has been engaged in the raising of uelon^ this market, and who ga\e thai price for it the purpose of obtaining the seed. — Middi (Con.) paper. Longtvitij o/Treta. — According to Masliam other respected authorities, there are tree; England, which may be supposed from the which they furnish, to have existed a cenliir} two before the Christian era. The celebr Tortworth chesnut is considered not less eleven hundred years old. In the reign of 1 John, more than .seven hundred years ago, it called the old chesnut. A piiblio house in the village of Humiston, in Vorkshirc, has a sign consisting of portraits, at full length, and in full costume, of four person- ages, as follows : — a king, a soldier, a parson and a farmer — and the house is ycle|it " The Four Alls." Out of the mouth of liis majesty arc the word.s, " f govern all ; " the soldier says, " I tight for all ; " the parson says, " I pray for all ;" and the farmer finishes with " I pay for all." Q:ttct H''urk. — Asumof$30 was bet a few days since, 'that Mr John ISilliiigs of this town, could not make 36 horse shoes in three hours. — Mr li. took up the bet and went to work. The tiixl li< he finished 17 shoes, and in two hours and sixlren minutes the wLolo iiunibor was completed. At the end of 3 hours he had made 45shoos! — Saco Pal. Nothing is so great an instance of ilUnanni (lattery. If youflatter all (he company, you pi none — if you flatter only one or two, you at the rest. — Siri/I. Straivberry Plants. For sajp M Ihe Uri^liiou Nursery "CW i.lnnis of ihr I'ii pip Strawlierrv, in fine unlcr fiir tran Roots. Fors.ile al Ihe Seed Slore connected wiih Ihc New Ei Farmer, j'i iVniih Market .«ireei, .\ finccoUoctiou of Oiitrh Tulip Roots, nf bright rrd. ^ white, pink, and splendid variegatell colors, at il,W per — I'i I-'.; cissiiiKle. If J\'otice. Subscribers to the New England Firmer nn> inrprmi ihev can have iheir vnlumei neatly and faiihlulh- half mill Iciiercd, at 75 cis per volume, by leaving tlieiu ; office. A'no China Ten Sets, and light blue Dinntr i Reccivc pay uilhin si.\u din, fr lime of subscribiuKj are entitled to n deduction iif liiVv it ll_/' No paper ivdl be sent to adistaucc without p,i\in iiig matle iu advance. Primed for J. II. Russri.i, by I. R Ruttj— !.v nil descriptions of I'rintinfr can be exrcii'.ed to meet the of customers. OrdiTsfor jtriutiiig reccivetl by J. It. Kv al llie .'\s;riculiural Warehouse No. bi Nuitk Muj Let NEW E]\GL,AI¥® FARl^j-^Mi. Published hy John B. Rdssell, at J^o. 52 J^orth Market Street, (at the Agncullural ff'areliofise).-,T homas G.FESSEyotK, Editor. roL. yiii. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1829. No. 11. AGRICULTURE. )unevolcnt kindness of 3Ir Lowell, wiiose le is in all gardens and orchards, I liave now ;rsery of a hundred trees all on thorn stocks. CIDER. Mr Fessenden— Ihavobcen informed thattlie fanners of New Jersey ferment their cider in open vessels, and that particular care is taken in watch- in;^ the crisis, and drawin',' oft" the liipior at the right moment. I am desirous of knowing more mi itracts from recent letters to the Editor of the New England Farmer.] ar Grafts on Thorn Slocks. — " Pears may be ed with entire success on the common wild 1 of the country, or on the Iiawtliorn. Of | nntely than I do, the nature of the process, and es cions which I procured of you, and through I ])ecially how the fitness of the cider for drawing oft" is determined. Docs it depend on the appear- ance of the cap or scum .' Are we to wait till all action ceases? May the scurn be distiirheJ without in fine order. But further experiments are injury to the liquor ? Of what form and capacity ssary : — perhaps the scions may grow too aro the vessels used for that purpose ? What situ for the stocks." — G. B. JYorthumpton. ation and what teniiicratnro are considered most favorable to the j)rocess .' IIow long, at the ordina- ry temperature of October, or at any given tem- perature, before tlie liquor is sirfliciently fer- mented ? I will thank you. Sir, to insert these queries in your ne.xt paper, trusting that some of your readers, acquainted with the process will turjiish for the succeeding paper a satisfactory account, and thus probably gratify many besides y"»r SUBSCRIBER. Biifield, Seplemher 25, 1829. xlemarks by the Editor.— We hope the request of the writer of the above will he complied with by some experienced cultivator, who has added prac- tice to theory. In the mean time some observa- tions, chiefly derived from books may be of use. Loudon says {Enc. Agr. 604) " Fermentation is an intestine motion of the [larts of a fermentable body. This motion, in the present case, is always accompanied with anevidontebiillition, the hubbies rising to the surface, and there forming a scum or soft and spungy crust, over the whole liquor. 'I'nis crust is frecpjently raised and -brelscn by the air as it disengages itself from the li(iuor, and f<)rces its way through it. This efl'ect continues while the fermentation is brisk, hut at last gradually ceases. The liquor now appears tolerably clear to the eye. and has a piijuant, vinous sharpness upon the tongne. If in this state the least hissing noise be heard in the fermenting liquor, the room is too warm, and atmospheric air must be let in at the doors and at the windows. Now, continues Crocker, is the critical moment, which the cider- ist must not lose sight of; for if he would have a strong, generous, and. pleasant li(pior, all further sensible fermentation must be stopped. This is best done hy racking otF the pure part into open vessels, which mn.sthe placed in a more cool situ- ation for a. day or two ; after which it may again be barreled, and p'raced in some moderately cool situation for the winter. The Herefordshire cider farmers, after the cider has perfected its vinous fermentation, place thei-i- casks of cider in open heds throughout the winter; and when the spring advances, give the last racking, aiu) then cellar it. In racking, it is advisable that the stream from the racking cock he small, and that the receiving tub he but a small depth below the cock, lest by ex- iting a violent motion of the parts of the licpior, another fermentation he brought up. The fecu- lence of the cider may be strained through a fil- tering bag, and jilaced among the second rate ci- ders ; but hy no means should it be retiu-ned to the prime cider. In this situation the cider will, in course of time, hy a sort of insensible fermcnta- irge Milive Grape. — " A Swiss emigrant, poor ndustrious, who resides near this place, last transplanted a vine of the common white fox e from the forest to a spring-house near his ling. Yesterday I obtained some of the es produced by this vine. By the transplant- ind slight attention which has been paid to culture, they have been remarkably improved jse, and somewhat meliorated in ([uality, though retain the peculiar flavor of their species. of them weighed 153 grains, and measured iches in circumference, and generally they iiotlar short of this. Some of our vigntrons li ve, that by proper culture, grafting, and prun- 1 &c. a valuable grape may be produced from variety." — S. Jf. York, Pa. lie Silk Culturist. — "I shall soon arrange the !rials for my second number of the Silk Cul- t, which will contain three views of the man- nent of Silk worms; one by the old or 7ialu- iclhod ; the second by the new artijicial or Dan- and the last, by Eleclricity, my own plan, pe that my humble endeavors may be encour- . The business of raising silk is by no means ate, nor difficult: but the question is to obtain ^} by it that should be profitable ; to do which, iin principles and conditions s^re to he well ided to. In relation to siiclj principles and ""litions, one single error is fatal: — in other Is,' there will be no profit. The object of my method, wlilch I call electrical, iring no costly apparatus or machinery, is, to !gard the vicis.>;iiudes of temperature, of oc- inal damp weather, a great number also of f c^res. — I have made a singular discovery, jly by chance : — it is that of a vertical hurdle, "Ivhich the worms can spin much better than rush-wood, and never waste their silk." Felix Pascalis, .Vmv York. nighVs Tlicon/ — Golden Pippin. — " I send you sket of Golden Pippins, which are very fine season. My trees are loaded, and it will at show that the Golden Pippin hns not run out is country, if it has in Emoi)e : * I can trace two of my trees tliat have been imjjorted ty years, and I have no old trees that have thier tops or make more new wood-" — G. P. ■i -htoji, Sept. 25. ; lee New England Farmer, volume iv, pages 2i;-2, &c. tion, not only drop the remainder of its gross lees, but will become transparent, highly vinou.s, and fragrant. According to Knight, after the fermentation has ceased, and the liquor become clear and bright, it should iusrantly be drawn oft", and not sufl"erud on any account again to mingle with its lees ; for these possess much the same properties as yeast, and would inevitably bring on a second fermenta- lion. The best criterion to judge of the jiropnr moment to rack oft] will be tlie brightness of the liquor ; and-this is always attended with e.Mernal marfes, which serve as guides to the cider nudii.T. The discharge of fixed air, which always altcnds the progress of fermentation, has entirely ceased,, and a thick crust formed of fragments of the re- duced pulp raised by the buoyant air it contains, is collected on the surface. The clear liquor being drawn oft' into another ca.t u leacli, umt l>lace a hirge striiincr, or sheet, or table clolli over the hogshead, to strain out tlic |>oiiiacc,) where it re- iiiuiiis ahout two days, ateonling to the stale of the weather, and the nature id' thi' a|i|iles, (the longest when frosty, or cool weather,) till a thick head or scum rises upon it Then I ilraw ofl' It little into a glass to sec if it is tine, and us soon ns i i-atch it so, I rack it off witluml delay into open vats, or into hogsheads. II" ilie juice is racked into vessels larger at top, than the hottotn, anil I rack it off as soon as fine, 1 need not take (ilf the head or scum, it will not mix with the ci- der ; hut if the cask is sliaiglil, or I liave neglect- ed to draw off until the cider hegins to hecoine foul again, 1 find I ilo best to lake oil" the head with a wooden skiniinor, and then draw off as soon as possible. Whenever the brown head begins to open in the middle, or elsewhere, and a whiteness ai)pears at the opening, I am certain it is time to begin to draw off; but 1 find from ex- perience that the surest token is to observe its state by what is drawn off in a glass, and this method sliould be closely attended to. I have drawn a glass of cider out of a vat at 8 o'clock, foul — another at 10, fine, almost candle bright, without any appearance of the head's opening, as above observed : at 11, it was growing foul fast, without high winds, or any extraordinary event that I coiilil perceive to occasion it. If then drawn off into open vessels, a fiesh head may arise in 24 hours, then it may be racked into a close hogshead, or other receiver, w here it w ill be- gin to ferment after a day or two, according to cir- einnstances : I then [lermit it to feriiii lit 3 or 4 days, (never exceeding a week, for the liaidest fruit,) then I-fiimigate a clean, sweet hogshead, with iiiatche.s of coarse cloth dipped in incited brimstone, and rack off my cider into the cask as quick as possible. If the fernientatioii still goes on, I give it one more racking in this way, and cover the bung with a tile, until I am sure the fer- mentation has ceased : I then bung close for the wiril>'r. Sometimes I liave had the fermentation continue, and force ine to 5, C, 8, 10, or a dozen successive rackings, after I begin to fumigate, and yet the cider has proved good. Alany other modes arc jiractised with good success; but wlienevcr this method is attended to, I will answer tor its doing well."' Ciller is, however, frecpieiiily mannfaclnrcd tlie addition of a small quantity of bruised wheal, I be kept bunged close, and further racking! ^ or slices of tousled bread, or any other farinaceous avoided if possible, as every rocking reduces ^ substance, will much diminish its disposition to | stiength, and niueh of the spirit escaiies with become sour." I carbonic acid gas w hich is evolved in the ferm' All able essay " Oil the Manufadun of Cidtr,"\iy process. The oxygen of the alinospt written by J. UvEt., Esip of Albany, and publish- ; besides increases the vinegar fermentation if these methods fail, resort may be had to means of impeding the natural operation of mucilage or vegetable leaven. This may be d hv what is called slumminfr, that is, burning a cd in the N. E. Farmer, vol. v. p. 257, contains the following valuable observations : — " riiious Fenncnlation. This is eommonly called workiiif^. It commences at the temjiera- ture of .">9'3 Fall, and cannot be conducted in ' impregnated with sulphur, in the cask, in wl safety when the heat is over 75 ', for a higher [ llic liquor is to be decanted, after it has been p temperature induces a loo rapid fermeiiialion, by ly filled, and rolling it so as lo incorporate which inncb of the spirit pas-ses off willi the dis- li'P'id with the gas ; or by putting a drachn engaged carbonic acid gaS) and the acetous or two of sulphate of potash into each cask, wl vinegar fermentation begins at 77'^ This will j will precipitate and render insoluble the reiim' kf' show the importance of conducting the vinous fermentation under a proper temperature, which is from 50 to 70° of Fab. * * » " The vinous fermentation commences and ter- niinntes at different periods, according to the con- dition and quality of the fruit, anil the state of the weather. The juice of the unripe fruit, if the weather be warm, will begin to ferment in a few hours after it passes from the press, and seldom stops at the vinous stage. Tlie juice of ripe fruit, when the temperature is lower, does not begin to ferment under a week or fortnight, or longer, often continues slowly through the winter, and when rior pear has taken a new name ; the Con.m made from some of the finer cider apples, is not on Fruits of the Horticultural Society lia leaven. If the fruit is good and properly gr.n and the cider racked from the fernientii at a proper time, most or all of the snbsiqi operations will be sujierseded." t'OK TUi; htv/ ENCL.\ND FAIIHEU. HARVARD (OR El'ARGNE) PEA II. This Pear has proved very fair and fine fi.iv this year ; some of them w eighing five — and s- six ounces each. The old trees have bon;c full, the young trees will do the same as they oiiie older, being then less vigorous. This si completed under six or nine months. Indeed, in some cases the liquor does not become clear under a year, and the sugar is not wholly decomposed under two years : for the whole of the sugar is seldom deeompo.sed during the first sensible fer- mentation. Knight considers cider at two years old as in the best state for bottling. For until the sugar is decomposed, fermentation still goes on, and the strength of the liquor increases. The like insensible process goes on in wines, and when it is completed, the wines are said to be ripe, and are at their highest state of perfection. (See .If Culloch.) Temperature being the same, I think it may be assumed as a rule, that fermentation will be rapid and short, in an inverse ratio to the proportion which the saccharine matter bears to the mucilage and water: and lliat the vinous liquor will be rich, high flavored, and durable, in proportion as the sugar and astringency jircpon- derate in the must. '^ Pncuutions to prevent acelous fermentation. — without the trouble and expense of racking off. These are, supposing the previous contingenc Loudon says " in making eider fur the comnioii use of the farm bouse, few of the foregoing rules are attended lo. The flavor of the liquor is here a secondary consideration with the farmer, whose first object must be to olilain a large quantity at a amull expense. The apples are usually ground as soon as they become moderately ripe ; and llio juice is either racked offal once, as soon as it be- comes bright, or more frequently conveyed from the press immi.'diately to the cellar. A violent ferini'iitation soon eommences, and eonliniies till nearly the whole of the .saccharine partis deeoln- posed. The casks are filled up and stoppeil early in llio Biicceeiliiig spring, and no farther nlleiition is |>aiil or reqnin-d. The liqimr thus prepared, iiiiiy be kept liDin two tu live or six ye'irs in the cask, according to its slrengih. It is generi>lly har>h and rough, lint rarely aeetous ; anil in this stale it is usually suppo.sed to lie p'l ferred by the farmers and peiisuntry. Wli.'n it li:;s heeomc ex- to have been favorable, a carefiil separation of the vinous liquor from the froth and lees, — a coi teni|ieratiire, — racking and fining, — and artiliei; means to destroy the fermenting quality of tli remaining mucilage. " I have already suggested the importance of drawing off the liquor from the seuin and sedi- ment, at the teriniiialion of tlio vinous fermenta- lion. This period may be known by the erneking of the froth in an open cask, or, if in a close one, by the upplicaliun of the iio.se or ear to the bung hole. If the fi'rnienlatinii has not ceased, u hissing will be app.irent, iind the gns given off will give a |iungeiit sensation to the nose. If the liquor is not siidieieiiily eh-ar, or indications ap- pear of the acettiiis fermentation having coiii- nienced, the cider should be racked into clean, strong cnsks, and fined with isinglass, eggs, or skimmed milk ""his operation may be repented if necessary ; but it should be perfienieil in cold veil it the name of Harvard Pear, afier founder of Harvard University, it being satisf; rily established lo them that it isawildir Cambridge, Ma.«s. besides the iiniiropriety oi bearing so many names, viz. in Cambridge, ?«iigar pear — in Dostoti, Epargne or L'Epargi and in some catalogues, Bnslon Epargne. Robert Ma.nm.ng, of Salem, Mass, has had a of the true French Epargne, growing in his garden and nursery, which was among the sj mens of his bearing trees imported from Fr.i the character of which is entirely differcM— branches of the Harvard growing upright liki Lombardy Poplar and bos thorns; whereas I of the true French Epargne grow weeping, the Jargonelle pear tree — the fruit also, is iici so large, nor so fine in qmdity, as the llarx which is one of* our best jicars for the sea (September 1st,) and many rank it second on the Seckle, than which it is larger. It is a slant and full bearer when the tree has age rapid growth preventing its bearing for foi five years, which is a good peculiarity. Its cellent qualities make it deserving of a rccomnii atiiin to oil r nurseries and the public, as a superior pear. It may be aildeil thai it is in i favor with the market-men, selling at I to 5 lurs per bushel. S. 1 Uorcliester, Sept. 5, 1829. roil Tim N'KU' E.NG1.AIID rARUEII. CIIFKRY TREES. Ma Ri;ssF.i.i I think it a duty to the pi again to a|iprise them that the fall is the pr< season t'oi transplanting Chrrni trees, and that one third the proportion of any given number succeed by spring plaining, ns will be liumi prosper by autumnal transplnntation. — Of ^o m consequence did I deem my repeated pnul ihc above fiicis, iil un alilecedcnt peried, more than 25 years ago, I staled the same 1 1 in mv annual adverlisemciii>. nil "• ,,1 Linnean Bulanic Garden Having witnessed the past season so many ad ioiuil instances of tlie great difiereuce in success, above lofcned to, I doein it worthy of repeti- Yours, most truly, WM. PRINCE September 29, 1829. ^ ICIK THE SEW unglasu iakmer. if THE DAIRY. ' Mr Fessenden — I was much pleased, in your 1 )er of 25th September, to read a piece on the P iRY hy an experienced farmer, signed S.X. is a valuable paper hi many respects ; and as to " trial of tliediflerent qualities of milk of differ- 'i: cows by the Lactotnetcr, I can most fully con- *n by my own experience, and will give the re "* t of a trial made at a farm of mine in New M iTipshire, the 24tli of August last, on nine cows \i different breeds — viz. — I. 1, a cow half Atdenuy, of cream 1J~ inches 2, a heifer, same breed. 1 ' 3, a cow, do. J 4, a heifer quarter Aldtrney, -J .1 5, a cow, (half Calebs, or short horn,) 1 6, do, half (Mmiral, or no.) 7, a native cow 10 years old, ■ij 8, do. do. 4 years old 9, do. do, large Sandwich breed, The above shows as great a difference in qua! as the account given by S. X. ; and is greatly '" yond the ideas of our farmers generally on this "' bject ; 1 have conversed with a great number. Vol.VIlL— Nn.ll. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 83 bje^. , ^ d in no one instance have they thought the dif- •ence could be more than one-third, but above it as six to one. This shows the butter properties the nfilk ; — probably in cheese, the difference Duld not prove so great in quantitij, but then I esume the qualily must be muchricher. I should nk it would be advisable in every town or neigh- jd to own a Lactometer, (they have been :i(le at the Glass factory at Lechmere point, and should think would not cost more than three liars for a frame with 4 or 6 glass tubes)— by is means they could readily determine, as their ifcrs come in, which were valuable to keep — liave >Tenerally found that those cows which ve the greatest quantity of milk, gave the poorest .ality. It is not, however, always the case. — I .ve also thought lieifers did not give so rich milk when they come to 4 or 5 years of age — the ality of miik is always less rich soon after calv- „.,,. becomes richer, constantly, till the cow is arly dry— and in the fall, milk is always richer ! [juiii the spring — all these circumstances must be ' sen into consideration in determining the value a cow by tiie lactometer. An m-dinary cow, to richness of milk, may he a gooil breeder for aus:ht and futling stock, but in our country I ink the butter and cheese properties are of first nsideration, and as'fine animals for labor and a ef may be obtained from them. In using the lactometer, the whole milk shnidd drawn from the cow, and then stirred, before ipu- the glass — otherwise you do not get the fair ,iJera'*e quality — in warm weather, the cream rises J ,wly I generally lot it stand 48 hours, and ite its rising every 12 hours — and in cool or cold ather I have not known it to rise any after 12 , inrs. S. X. notices several cows that have proved great Butter makers — these have all been very high fed animals. — I somewhat doubt, if a farmer gives his'cows good English hay, and enough of it — and also has reed good jiasturage, wliether he gets by extra feed of meal, skim-milk, &c., &c. sufH- cient extra butter or cheese to pay for it. — I think S. X. proves this in Essex county. I wi.-:h some of our |)ublic spirited individuals would import a few bulks and heifers of the Jlyr- shirc stock that give 900 gallons of milk per year, and also of the Galloways, the cows of which produce their weight in cheese per year.— They woulil be great acquisitions to us, notwithstanding the fine stock we already possess, in Short Horns, Alderneys, Herefords, and Devons — anS might be easily imported from Glasgow, via New York or New Brunswick, as from 15o.ston there is little ornotrade with Scotland, —and the expense would not be much. 1 • Sept. 29, 1829. FRUITS AT THE HORTICULTURAL DINNER. In our list of the fruits presented at the late an- niversary dinner of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, some very superior specimens were omit- ted, which justice requires should be particularly mentioned : — among which was a basket of Mr Thomas' very fine native pear from Hingham, which is justly considered the greatest acquisition to our fruits, that the exertions of the Society have yet developed. Mr Thomas will soon give, in the New England Farmer, a particular account of the characteristics of the tree, and furnish, at the proper season, scions for distribution among the members. Among the grapes, was a very fine specimen of the Black Cape, one bunch of which weighed two pounds, — raised in the open air, by the Messrs WiNSHips, of Brighton. 1 The basket of fruit mentioned as from the gar- |den of S. G. Perkins, Esq. was presented by his I gardener, Mr Trainer, and contained superb I specimens of the Black Hamburg, St. Peter's, •White Muscat, Alexandrine Muscat, and White : Chasselas Grapes — also, the Alberge Admirable, j Belle de Vitry, Chevreuse, and White Pine Apple j Peaches. I Mr Parmentier of New York, forwarded a box ! of rare vegetables, accompanied by the following note : — I " 1. I send you a box containing some Sweet Pejipers, received of Dr Lanuza, from Valencia, in Spain, where they are very much admired. The best manner of cooking them, is, to stufl' them in the same manner as the French do the Purjile Egg Plant. They were found very good at our horticultural dinner in New York. " 2. Some Seeds of the same sweet Peppers, for distributing among the members of the Socie- ty. The seed is always good for two years, and is to be cultivated in the same manner as the com- mon pejiper. " 3. Some roofs of the Viole-t Carrot of Spain — received from Florence in Italy — very sweet. They must be sown late in the spring, to prevent them from going to seed the same season. Next sprinff I will forward some seed for the Society. " 4^ Some seed of a kind of bean, received of Ellerton Allen, Esq. called in South Carolina Crowder Bean, because they bear so much. With much esteem, A. PARMENTIER." j Horticultural Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. } September 17, 1829. 5 Oy^The Sefvds mentioned in the foregoing letter can be obtained, by members at the Hall. lAst of fruits sent to the Horticultural Dinner by J. Prince, Esq. of Roxbury. Pears — Capiaumout, Vert Longue or Mouille Bouche, Green Catharine, Fulton of Mr Abbot, Napoleon, Beurre du Roi, Winter Geld- ing, Aclian, a Scotch Pear. Jpples— Hoy a] (of Northampton,) Marigold, Non- pareil (of England,) Chataignie (French,) Ponime neige or Snow Apple, Golden Russet of England. Pine Apple Melons, Jl'kite Pie Pumpkin. A branch of Passe Colmar, not ripe, but sent to show their very groat bearing — the branch was about two feet long, with 31 pears, and weighed 9i lbs. "a larger branch from a graft of Charles D'Au- trichc of my own iin])ortation (iom France in 1822 it is a very great bearer — resembles the Crasanne, but is not so acid or stony. Brighton Market.— JI/o«(Za7/, Sept. 28. (Reported for Ibe Chronicle and Palriol.) Beff Cattle — 9.51 at market, includhig a part of those unsold last week. The market was very much the same as the preceding week, exceeding- ly slow and dull; more thin cattle, however, were probably sold for $3 and less per cwt. than at any other day this season. The greatest proportion were taken at from $3 50 to $4 25. A small number at $4 50 a $4 75, and about 10 very fine Cattle at $5 per cwt. Quite as many remained unsold at the close of the market, as at tho l.i.st week. The fcam7ers nibbled a little: when they commence in earnest, we shall probably be saved the trouble of reporting, " those unsold last week." Store Cattle— 527 at market ; many of them had been in from 1 to 3 market days successively before. The drovers attempted a small advance on former prices, the consequence was, but few- sales were efl'ected. Sheep 3710 at market, including about 200 unsold last week. The principal jiart of those not sold last week were disi)Osed of during the week at from $1 to $1 17 per head. This day lots of Sheep and Lambs were sold, generally at $1 25 to $1 50 per head ; a few small lots selected at $175; thin qualities near the close of the mar- ket even sold at all prices, say from 75 cts. to $1 per head, and a large number remained unsold not- withstanding. Stoine—795 at market, including 42 unsold last week. The slight improvement mentioned in our last met with a sudden change. Today the mar- ket for Shoats was quite as dull as at any day this season — old Hogs are in demand. We notice that Mr Sweet, the celebrated Eng- lish author and botanist, has dedicated a plant to 31r Wm. Prince, Proprietor of the Linnean Bo- tanic Garden, whose name it bears, and who has done so much for the horticulture of the United Stales. On the 23d inst. a " sand blast" was made on the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. 16 pounds of powder were used. One rock weigh- in "■ 70 tons was removed from its bed : five others, from 2 to 7 tons each, were thrown some distance. 84 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, rUK Tilt NEW tNCLANU JT^ilUtl'.. rnol'ER.SKASOV FOR CUTTINO Tl.MHER. Mr KiiiTori — I rend with niiicfi interest an Jir- tirle ill tlie New Kii^liind Former of August lltli, written Inii L'eiilluinaii oCLolig Island, who styles liiinsL'lf" A Farmer," wherein he makes this liighly tntercsliii',' iii(|uiry — " .?/ what season of the year thould ship limber he cut to insure the longest dura- biltli/'?" Wiiliiiiit uttoinpting to give a ilefmite nnswcr to the inlerro:;alion, the writer lias tliought fit to lay hefore the public some fiicts, the result of l;i« own ohscrvutiuii, and likewise some causes whieh appear to have produced the rapid decay of liuiber under certain circumstances. Ahliough the facts which have fillin under my ohborvntion, in some instances, are very different from those stated by the gentleman of Long Island, still I doubt not but the facts stated by him arc in perfect accordance with tlioso which have fallen under his observation ; and although like causes do not, according to our limited views, always appear to prodiire like effects, we oiiglit not to come to the conclusion, that the fixed and unalterable laws of nature ever change ; but rest satisfied, that any, and ne cut in Febru- Oct. 2, 1829. ary, and the other in June, e.\liibit the same op- | anil the bark taken off, remained as "bar pearancc, does it not f.dlow that there is ns much ! Iiorn," owing iioJ to the lime of cultiug, but to sap in the timlK-r ill February, os in June ; and inanner of trcutiiienl afterwards, that in biith cases the beat of summi.'r is the cause I The writer of this article, a few years si of the ai'tion of the sop which is put in circula- I 'Voiu necessity at the time, cut jn IMav lion producing the same results in both cases ? . while oak posts from five to eight or nine iiK-bi This vital principle of the vegetable kingdom diameter, and had them immediately set ; but bearing a near resemblance to the blood of the ! lasted barely four years : whereas, had thev uiiimal kiiiirdom, by undergoing certain changes ' feusoned, tlicy would probably have la-tcd by the means of the leaves, produces all that pleasing variety of flowers and fruits on which the eye delights to dwell, or the taste to enjoy. The most extpiisite peach, and delicious straw- berry, ore but the sap of the tree, in another form, prepared in nature's laboratory : but this fluid, times four years. The Long Island writer in some sialeinents in regard to locust posts, that much at variance with facts which liav pired in this region ; but ihiy were not the I of locust probably growing in this viciiiii ays that " Locust wooif is sujiposcd to I dcpriied of the proper apparatus (the leaves) for years, and that it may be cut at any producing these efTect.s, will become stagnated, | goes on to say, " This is certainly wronu' and soon, very soon, in warm weather, undergo a degree of fermentation, and hasten the decoy of that body, wherever it remains. This substance, termed the sap, will much more freely evaporate in some kinds of timber than in others. In some it is a thick, viscous substance, ami in others a thill fluid. A tree cut in June, and the bark left on, the sap must undergo a degree of fermenta- tion immediately, much to the injury of the tim- ber. A tree cut in February, and the bark left on, would part with but a small jiortion of the sap, and as the heat of summer increased, would also produce the same result as the one cut in June. Ilcncc, a white pine stick of timber, will be- come, in a fiiw weeks, in warm weather, if the bark be left on, seriously injured : but if this same log had boon divested of its bark, anil soaked a few days in water, thereby rendering the sap more fluid, the same would escape through the pores of the wood, and thereby have been the means of preserving it from decay for years. Our common poplars, when rut nnd peeled, will last several years perfectly sound ; but if they were left with the bark on, would hardly hold to- gether one season. The same remark will apply to white biich, which is one of the most perishable kinds of wood when left with the barii on. Hence we may learn why the sill cut in July, 1778, by Mr Coop- er, as mentioned by the " gentleman of Long Island, should last so long. The same w riter ob- serves " There are barns on Long Island, which have been built with timber cut in summer. In those barns we find hickory, gum, and oak rafters with the bark stripped off, as hard as horn, and uninjured by worms." lint after making this statement, thir above writer says, "with such evi- dence before ils, it certainly appears, that we an- ignorant of the jiroper time to cut ship timber ; " by which term I presume ho means to include all timber, for every purpose' ; as ids remarks are not cotillned to that jiarticiilar kind of timber, but he mentions posts, sills, nifter.o, &c. 15ut with such evidence, substantiated by fiicts, ns he nlone has staled, laying aside ten thousand others which woiilil corroborate his statement, does it apjiear that there is any need of being ignorant of the pro- per time to cut timber, w hen he says, his chesiiut posts cut ill March, and .set in the summer, lasted Hi years — while those cut in May, only laste.l ]-2 years. The posts cut in March had time before thiy were used to lose a part, ami perhaps a large part, of the sap before placing ilieni in the ground ; while thoso cut in May had •certainly less time, and were probably immediately put into the ground. The sill and raflcrs, by being hewed, in proof of his statement, says his " locU;,t p are rotten and removed, the red cedar are feet and sound:" these posts he slates to 1 been purchased in 130L Although our lo when used for postsin this vicinity, are not km to last " forever and ever, having been trim about the roots, and supply its jilace with a xture of earth aud mud, from ponds or creeks, some other rich earth, that is better calculated retain moisture. Where the trees stand too ck, cut part of them away, rub the moss off ; rest, and apply Forsyth's method of heading VH, if necessary, making use of his composition preserve the wood. VVhere raoss prevails in grass grounds, apply a avy, sharp, iron toothed harrow to it ; scarify top of the soil till it is sotiiewhat raw, strew lie seeds of herds grass, or other good grass, , ;r it, and give it a good dressing of a mixture sheep dung and sand, or other warm manure it is suitable to a cold soil. This is for grounds liciently dry ; but if the moss be occasioned by much wetness in the soil, although the above thod may prove beneficial for a while, yet no- hort of hollow draining will ever prove ef- tual for any con>;idcrable length of time. pjum will also eradicate moss on dry loams. experiments, says Mr Dcanc, it is found that common yeilow moss is a good tnanure for i)o- It would seem to be best, however, when ;ed with stable dung, or rather laid on top of it. 3 said to be very good to mix with lime in iposts, as the lime is best calculated to dissolve oil it contains ; and oil is known to be an in- dient in the food of plants. It is akse recom- ided to be mixed in (by sandy, or gravelly soils, the purpose of enabling such to retain a due ree of moisture. — Farmer^s Assistant. From llie Sleuhen Meisenger. CHEESE MAKING. am induced to make the following communi- on, the principles of which will be found in imsoii's Chemistry, with the hope that it may )f use to some of the readers of the Messen- nnd as this is the season for testing its utility. if you think it will be useful, you arc at liberty to publish it. A Lover ok Good Cheese. IMiLK is well known to consist and is easily separated into three parts — cream, curd and whey. The cream is an oily, rich, and sweet substance, difliised through the others, and easily separated from them by standing,- but can never be harden- ed or curdled with rennet. Curd may be separated from the whey, by heat- ing it a litfle more than blood or milk heat wlien it comes from the cow, and adding a little rennet, and its richness depends upon the quantity of cream that may be diffused through it, and which may be easily pressed out. Whey is the remaining fluid, and its richness, color and taste depend upon the quantity of cream it may contain. Cheese, itis well known, is made from the curd, and the cheese is the better the more it contains of the cream, or of that oily matter which consti- tutes butter; its goodness, therefore, depends in a great measure upon the manner of separating the whey from the cOi'd. If the milk be much heated, the curd broken in pieces, and the whey forcibly separated or pressed out with heavy weights or patent presses, as is the practice with many, the cheese is scarce good for any thing, but the whey is delicious, es- |)ecially the la^t pressed out, and butter may be obtained from it in considerable quantities. A full proof that nearly the whole creamy part of the milk has been separated from the cheese and is in the whey. Whereas if the milk be not too much heated, just sufficient to curdle, if the curd be allowed to remain unbi'oken, and the whey be separated by very slow and gentle pressure, the cream is re- tained, and the cheese is excellent, but the whey is almost transparent and nearly colorless. Black Cherry Tree. — A medical correspondent of the Cooperstown Watchtower, says, that the bark of this tree is poisonous. He relates the case of a young lady to whom he was lately called, and who, in consequence of drinking about half a pint of cider, taken from a closely stopped bottle, filled the evening previous with cherry bark fresh from the tree, was seized with vertigo, stupor and syn- cope, followed by greatdifficulty in respiration and vomiting. Similar effects were jnoduced in a slighter degree, upon another person, who took from the same bottle a smaller draught of the ci- der. He says that the French chemists have re- cently ascertained that the deleterious principle of the cherry, laurel and the kernel of the peach, is very analogous to prussic acid. This acid in its concentrated state, if a feather be dipped into it and drawn across the eye of an animal, produces instant death. Two drops, says the writer, have been. known to kill a vigorous dog in a very few minutes. — Ontario Repository. Middlesex The annual Cattle Show and exhi- bition of Manufactures, in Concord, will take place on the 7th instant. The Address is to be delivered by John P. Robinson, Esq. of Lowell. Cure for Hydrophobia. — The late foreign Medi- cal Journals state, that Coster, a French surgeon of great eminence, has discovered that chlorins has the wonderful power of decomposing and de- stroying several of the most deadly animal poisons, and among others the saliva of the mad dog. The mode of applying it is, to make a strong wash by dissolving two table-spoonf(dls of the chloruet of lime, iu a half a |)int of water, and instantly, and repeatedly bathe the part bitten. It has proved successful when applied within six houre after the animal has been bitten. From ihe Richmond Enquirer. Cattle cured. — One of my oxen was taken a few days ago very suddenly with very singular symp- toms, such as I had never before seen. He ap- peared perfectly ileprived of the use of his limbs, and was taken in very rapid succession with con- vulsions. They came on by a wild gaze of the eye, and very apparent sensations of liorror, last- ed generally from two to three, and sometimes as long as five minutes, and during the intervals the animal gave evident symptoms of weariness. Up- on examination I found his horns perfectly cold, which induced me to bore them, and into the holes(made 4 or 5 inches from the head,) I poured a strong mixture of black pepper, salt and vine- gar. Not more than fifteen minutes elapsed be- fore the convulsions ceased : in less than an hour he fed as usual, and at this time, (three days since his attack) is apparently as well as any animal on my farm. I am induced to make this public, as I apprehend the complaint(from the extreme damp- ness of the season,) will not be very uncommon, and also because of the simplicity of the remedy, and the fair promise it gives of efiicacy. A PLANTER. To measure the contents of Pipes. — Square the diameter of the pipe in inches, and the product will be the number of lbs. of water, avoirdupois, contained in every yard's length of the pipe. If the last figure of this product be cut off or con- sidered as a decimal, the remaining figures will give the number of ale gallons in a yard's length of the pipe: and if the product consist only of one figure, this figure will be the contents of an ale gallon: divided by 282, will give the number of cubic inches in every three feet of the pipe, and the contents of a pipe of greater or less length may be found by proportion. The Northern editors who have noticed the re- marks ujjon cooking rice, \jill do still more good by extending the important infiirmation, that, for the actual uses of life, the low priced rice is equal- ly as good as that which is termed prime. In fancy articles, appearances go a great way — but it is strange, that in an article of food, so great a. mistake should still prevail. Prices depend very much upon the wholeness of the grains of rice ; a matter wholly indifferent for all useful purposes. — Traveller. Charcoal. — A correspondent of the National In- telligencer, states that Charcoal is an effectual re- medy for Intermittent fevers. It is to be used in the form of toasted or burnt bread, as a more convenient and agreeable form than the prepara- tion from wood coal. — ibid. Dr David Hosack, of New York, has relin- quished his profession, which he has pursued for thirty-eight years, in his native city, and has re- moved to Hyde Park, in Dutchess county, having purchased the splendid situation of the late Dr Bard, on the- margin of the Hudson, with a view 8G NFAV ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 2, lS-29. to .l..-votc himself to liorliculiural i.iir»uii^ uml ^ the .h.proveiiieiil of ngricuUurc. T!ie picMUscs j uttaclic.l to liis situation, consist of TOO urrrsol I .l.oicc hin.l. For tlir purpose of iniprovn.g tlio lireed of stock in Dntcliess county, lie lias iin- porte.1 Saxon an.l .-Merino sheep, nn.l Muck cattle of the Bukrwill lirceil. As a profes,ional man, lliere are but few in this countrv, vvlio have attained a higher reputation than l)r llosaek ; nnd his name is not undi.slin- guislicd as a patron and successful cultivator of science and iitcraliire. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1829. A GOOD SUGGESTION. The Editor of the Middlcbury Slandard, after noticin;,' the iiuidahle etVorts that arc now ninkiiiK to improve the science of liorticullure, and the at- tention that is paid to selecting the best varieties of fruits and v.gclables, as well as stock, recom- inciids the formation, in all large towns in the in- terior, of horticultural as.sociations, for the pur- jiosc of procuring trees, scions, and buds of the most valuable fruits, and seeds of the most es- teemed garden vegetables, and the purcliase of periodical publications devoted to the science of Asriculturo. The writer suggests that twenty- five or thirty imhlic spirited individuals in each town shoul.l unite and pay one dollar each,— the money to he expended in purchasing those arti- cles that should be thought advisable, the fruit trees, grape vines, and seeds to be equally divided among the subscribers. If a little exertion was made in this way, by public spirited individuals, New England would be filled, in ten years, with the best varieties of fruits and garden vegetables. gaii about the middle of the last century (l.oO.) Indi"o is mentioned as an article of product of the t^outheru States, by Guthrie and others, who niiblished about this time. But 1 submit to vour inspection a letter, from which an extract fallows, addressed to an ances- tor of mine, which gives probably a fair account [of its early stages. It may he well to observe I that the writer became an emmciit ship master. '■ Himmw, (S. a.) March '.JO, 17S5. "SiK-This serves to inform you thai the wind not favoring us with an opportunity to go to Charlw- ton, wo remain still here. I have liad an offer lor many articles of my cargo, [those are of no conse- Znce to report.] 'fiut I think they cannot be lower, and shall try the market at Charleston. "There is no trade here but with the merchants, theptaulers an so eTtraord{mml;)bus;j preparing their IndiL'o works, that few come to town. ,„„„„,, " The groat success laxl near, and great demand for that commodity, has engrossed the attention of all the planters; so that there is httlc going forward but huiifco. Upwards of 200,000 pounds were made last year It is supposed from the great prepara- t on/ma^le this year!?hat there will be .^00,000 pounds made. The price has been 'JJo... per pound, (being about 78 cents,) for the best sort, ot which iione is now to be had." ARer prices, prospects, &.c he concludes, " [ shall omit nothing to give you satisfac- tion, and am, respectfully, &c.^^^ fRAZIER." HISTORY OF THE CULTURE OF INDIGO Mr FF.ssK>nKN— In your i)aper of the 4th ult it is stated that " the culture of Indigo is again briuglit up in Carorma." The increased con- sumption of this article may make some notice of it iu a degree interesting. *It is staled that there was so little knowledge of this dye (amongst the ancients called " iii(/i- cum") that I'liuy, wh^ii be wrote, was not justly informed as to the l)liiMt il-f-lf.* It was not till after the settlement of this coun- try, say IHSO to 10 JO, that it began in Europe to he much spoken of. In 16SS, says the same nntliority, it was not agreed amongst Botanists what jdant Indigo was made from. Some few experiments were made in Europe about the middle of the last century to rear the plant. B'.ii it is only since 1800 that both in France and It^dy great cflorts have been made, anil with some success, in its culture. There w.is prolmbly iiioro of sriontific experiment than of praciiciil good contemplated in those efforts. It i* woiMl.rful lo lo.ik back and perceive how recent our knowledge is of many of the most im porlaiit articles .NEr, Esq. of Lexington, a baskt hi^ native wild grapes, from a rine cultivated by some time— the bunches are of good size, the ber very large, light colored, and of agreeable flavor a native grape. . „ , , , From Mr Z. Cook, Jr. of Dorchester, a baskt very fine Isabella grapes,— the bunches remark; large, one of them weighing 11 ounces— the o nearly as large. From Mr Dow.neb, of Dorchester, a spccimc a beautiful pear, the scions of which were sent to .>• Perkins, Esq. by the London Horticultural Soci The pear was ot a bright yellow, melting, and ' flavored, name unknown, the label having been when received by Mr Pebklns. From Dr. Green, of Mansfield, specimens of sorts of native grapes, purple and white, goo.l s bunches, very large berries, (particularly the w kind) and of good flavor for a native grape. Gree.n has oflered lo give the Society a panic account of the habits and character of the gi with some of the cuttings. , ,, , , From Mr Joseph W. Newell, of Maiden, sj mens of a very large red Apple, firom the larm o Alios Sargeant, of Maiden,- lo ascertain its name. (It is thought to be the same as the G Sachem Apjile cultivated at tlie Messrs. \\ i.nsi Nursery, at Brighton.) Froiii Col. Harris, of Boston, a specimen scedlin;: pcarfrom"the garden of Madam Dix.ol city. The lower limbs of the tree are aimed thorns the middle, upright, bearing branches arc The tree is a great bearer, the fruit ripens ear October, and is meltin?. From Col. Jacjies, of Charlestown, speciniei a very beautiful peach, flesh yellow, and of 'lelii flavor, raised from the stone, in tlie garden ot ! Etiik.rii>c;e, of Charlestown. From John Pui.nce, Esq. of Jamaica Plains, mens of very superb Mexican Gcorginns, an new vecclable introduced by him called the Pumpkin, seeds of which will soon be ready to livery to members. From Mr Sami el C. Gray, of tins cilv. s mens of the fruit of the singular tree in Saleii scribed by the Hon. Stephen White, in the volume ot the New England Farmer, page.'-!', tree is a seedling, and always bears two kinds ot i promi.scuoiislv on the same branches. From Mr K. SiiAni-, of Dorihesler, spcciin. a fine autuiiiiml apple (name unknown,) and o Brown Beurrc and other pears. From .losEPH Head, of this city, specunons very fine naluial cling-stone jieach, raised in his don in this city. (ly'Biids nnd .scions of any of tJic above frui be ilislributcd among incmbcrs of llie Society, n proper season. Specimens of oilier fruits were left by Mr C It VlII._No. 11. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 87 , of Roxbury, and others, for the purpose of as- ;rtaining their true name. At tho last meeting it was voted, that a subscrip- 3n paper be placed on tho table at the Hall, for such jntlemen as may see fit to subscribe to raise a fund r the purchase of books for the Library of the So- ety. A committee was appointed to procure accurate awings of our principal native fruits for the Hall of e Society. This will doubtless be considered by I a very judicious measure, as accurate descriptions ' all our superior fruits will be published in the N. igland Parmer, and reference made to the draw- gs. A list of the Officers chosen at the last meeting, ill be published in our next paper. Mrs Gore, of Waltham, has politely sent to the all, for examination to-morrow, specimens of the 5iie lleathcot Pear, a seedling from her garden. Wo shall publish next week, a full list of the eniiums oflereJ by the Massachusetts Agricul- ral Society, for the approaching Show at Bright- — circumstances have prevented our doing it is week, and have compelled us to defer some 'her articles connected with the occasion. For Sale. The colebraled farm, commonly called (he Keltic point farm, situated in Seekoiili, Jiassacliusetts, on the cast side ol I'rovideiice river or ^arragonset bay, and distant but two miles by water or laud, from the town of Providence. This farm contains about (M acres of excellent land in a high state of cultivgLlion, properly divided into pasture, tillage, mowiiig and orchard, and now undergoing a regular rotation of crops. The northern, eastern and southern boundaries form three sides o( a square, but the western boundary facing the river is more irregujar, running into and forming a point of land which gives name to the farm. The dwelling house and out buildings nic situated upon the point and command one of the most de- lighiftd views in the U. S., embracing the harbor and town of Providence on the north, and the Cay and Islands, lor the dis- tance of 15 miles, on the south. At this place the river is narrow and deep, and froin 20 to 30 sail of vessels, including several steam boats, pass daily up and down at a short distance from the shore. A. large and never failing spring of pure water rises at an el Harvard Universitij. — Medical Lectures. The Medical Lectures in Harvard University will begin in the Massachusetts Medical College, Mason street, Boston, the third WED.NE.SDAY in October next, thc21st, at nine o'clock, A. M. Anatomy and Surgery, Chen^istry, Midwifery and Medical Jurisprud* Materia Medica, Theory and'Practice of Pliys Students attending the Medici cut fee, to the Surgical opcrali Dr Warren. Or Webster. Dr Channing. Dr iiigolow. :. Dr Jackson. I Lectures are admitted wiJh- s, rind clinical practice of the A Treatise on lite Vine, work now in Press, and will be ready for delivery to subscribers and others, the present month, iomprising a copious and complete dissertation on its ,ture, IManagement, &c. and on the process of making ine, — together with accurate descriptions and remarks tlie properties of about "200 varieties of Grapes best ited for Wine and the Table, with a careful arrange- ti :nt of the synonymes. — A Topographical list of all the ist celebrated Vineyards throughout the world, and rticularly of those in the ditferent Departments of ancc, and the mode of culture pursued in those of st note. This work will comprise all the important brmation contained in the nctc edition of DuUammcl, blished in 18*3.>; also that contained in the jVoHi-eaw urs Compht d' .Igriculture, edited by Members of the yal Institute of France ; together with such addition- nforination as is found in the works of Rozier, Chap- , JitUien, McCullock, Forsyth, Speechly, Borneaud, 1 other Authors of authority. By Wii.li.im Prince, jprietor of the 'LinnJEan Botanic Garden, near New rk ; Vice President of the New York Horticultural ciety ; C. M. of the Linnjean Society of Paris, of the rticultural Societies of London and Paris, and of the perial Society of the Georgolili at Florence ; Hono- y Member of the Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- ,&c. f . B.— The price of this work wdl be $1 2.5, or .fl to se who remit in advance — and it can be sent per mail 10 great expense. i.Lso, was published recer.tly by the same author, a Tt Tireatise on Hortici/lture, pp. 20G. — Embracing criptions of about one thousand species and varieties Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Bulbous wers. Green-house Trees and Plants, &c. Price $1. (( y person remitting the cost of five copies of either of above works, shall receive the sixth gratis. 3=Order3 for either of the above works received by 3. RfssEi.L, at his Seed store. No. 52, North Market- et, where the Treatise on the Vine will be for sate as Q as published. 3t Oct. 2. [Massachusetts Gciieral Hospital during the courses. Aug. 3. eptmeeiing W. CHANNIlNG, Dean. evation of about lorty feet above the surface of the river, wli can be made to irrigate about 10 acres, and conveyed if w'ant- ed by a leaden pipe to the ttwelling house and out buildings. Several valuable ledges of rock can be opened near the shore and sold in Providence at 1 30 to 2 dollars per cord.— About two hundred loads of sea weetl are gathered annually from the shore. _ 1 — The orchard contains above 700 trees of the finest varieties of the Apple, Pear, Peach, Aprtcot, Cherry and Plum, from a J to 10 years old. — There is also a nursery of several thousand , Peach trees inoculated from this orchard, with a variety of or- ''^' namental trees consisting principally of the Chinese Ailanthus. >o and Honey Locust, (G7ff/!(s/i?'a (racanf/ios.) The dwelling house is 35 by 40 feet, two stories; wood house 13 by 20Yeet ; granary 15 by IG feel ; wash house with two boilers' and cooking apparatus to steam food for swine, \'i by 15 feet; hogpen attached to tho same, boarded on three sides, with a roof, 20 by 60 feel ; shed on the north side of the barji yard connecting the hog pen with the barn, 12 by 45 feel; and a well constructed barn with a cellar 35 by 45 feet.— These buildings are nearly new and in good order. — There is another barn near the centre of the farm which is 2o by 30 feet. The fences are in excellent order. A plan of the buildings ^d a list of the different varieties of fruit in the orchard, hav9 been left at the office of the New England Fanner.— With the above will be sold a thrifty wood lot containing about nine acres. This Farm will beexposed for sale but three wee/cs,as the present owner and occupant is about to engage in some other business, and although it is ncidy worth ! 0,000 dollars, will be sold to the first apiilicant for one halfthe sum. Seekonic, Sept. 25. ' JAMES FOSTER. Bull Calf, from Admiral, For Sale. F(T sale, a very fine Bull Calf, 15 months old, by Admiral, out of a superior cow, that obtained a premium at Brighton in 1826. Price .S35. Apply al the New England Farmer office. Oft. 2 .3t. Jl'ild Geese, For Sale. For sale by Aaron Capen at Dorchester, near Milton Village, twelve Wild Geese, large, in fine order, and from one to three 3'ears old, one pair three years old. 3t. Dorchester, Sept. 30. J^foiice. Wanted on or before the first of November next, in a family ino- in the vicinity of Boston, a laboring man, well qualified manage a kitchen garden, lake care of a horse and cow, ...id one who is willing to do such other work in and about the house as may be required of him. For further particulars in- quire of Mr j. B. Russell, at the New England Farmer office. Sept. 18 -It PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Splendid Bulbous Roots. .lust received at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52 North Market-street, direct from Van Eeden &Co. Harlem, Holland, a large assortment of Bulbous Flower Roots, com- prising the finest varieties of HYACINTHS— (double and single) dark blue, porcelain blue, red and rosy coloured, pure white, crimson, white yellow eve, white with rosy eye, and yellow with various ,eycs; from 12 CIS. to gl 00 each. TULIPS -splendid variegated, rrd, yellow, and mixed, 12 I SEEDS, H _cls. each SI 00 p'er dozen, (our iniporlalion of fine tulips is very large, and we are enabled to put some sorts as low ns ,5**5 per 100— an object to tliose who wish to form a superb tulip bed.) I New England Farmcr''s Almanack for 1830. ast published by Carter & Hendee, corner of lOol and Washington-streets, and by J. B. Russell, 52, North Market-street, the j\ew England Farmer's cA'/or ]*W. By TiioM.ts G. Fessendek, editor .he New England Farmer. his .Almanack, it is thought, will be found to be con- rably improved upon that of the preceding year. Astronomical calculations have been prepared and .sed with great care by a gentleman of this city — the 3 particularly noted — a complete C.alendar of the M irts for each state in New England, including the kilbate Courts of Slassachusetts — the Sun's declination table of Roads and distances from Boston, &c. and mtoen pages of miscellaneous articles, principall}^ n .Agriculture and Gardening. j^Country traders and others supplied upon the most ral terms, by tlie thous.and, groce, or dozen, ept. 18. CROWN IMPERIALS- assorted, of tho most splendid colours, and sho\vy flowers, large roots, 25 to 3S cts. each. JONUUILLES— sweet scented, finest roots 12 els. each. POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS— fragrant, white with cit- ron cups, and yellow with double white cups, extra sized roots, 33 cts- each. DOUBLE NARCISSUS-fragrant, of all colours, 12cts. each — one dollar per dozen. SPRING CROCUS- of £.11 colors, 6 cts. each— 50 cts. per dozen. 7'he above roots are from the same house from whicli we re- ceived our supply last .season, and which gave such universal satisfaction ; some of the double Hyacinths having produced bells 1 inch and SlOths in diameter. Purchasers are requested to notice that the above I'ools are not purchased at auction, and are all remarkable for Their size, and for the beauty and delicacy of tint of their flowers. Also, a further supply of Bulbous Roots, comprising Large White fragrant Lilies, ia cts each, 1 dollar per dozen. Tiger (spotted) Lilies, same price, Marlagon or Turk's Caps Lilies, same price. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, first sort. Pearl, first sort, - - - BEANS, while, BEEF, mess. Cargo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected. No. l,ncw, CHEESE, new milk. Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Genesee, - - - Rye, best, - - - - GRAIN, Corn, . . . . -Rve, Barley, Oats, . . . - HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, LIME, PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, clear, Navv, mess, Cario, No. 1, "^ ■ "■ Gra.ss, - Orch.ird Grass, Fowl Meadow, - Rye Grass pound pound cask. from I TO - 125 00130 CO 125 00 i,30 00 90 1 00 10 50 11 00 9 00 y 30 8 00 8 50 13 1.5 7 9 2 3 6 00 5 62 3 75 60 70 6 25 C 00 4 00 46 4S Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - Red Top . - . . Lucerne. . -- - - White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed, Merino, three iburtlis washed, IMerino, half blood, Rlerino, quarter washed, Native, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, Pulled, " spinning, first sort, I PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVKRV WEEK KY Bllt HAVW (Clerk of Faneiril-haU Ularkel.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fredi. best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL. - - - - MUTTON. .... ■■'62 pound. 3S 33 " 7I « 35 20 '* 30 it 28 If 25 it 25 i< 34 (1 25 " 30 85' 90 j 3 50 16 00 17 fjO 13 00' 13 00 12 30! 13 00 j 2 00 30O 3 CO 4 m ,' 1 • 3 00 1 00 . 50 £0 S 1 50 38 22 Sea Kale Roots. For sale at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52, ■ ^,'j!j'J,|.p',;'Y_ North Market-st., ' liTITTFH t-cn- and tub A fine collection of Sea Kale roots, done up in packages of '^U 1 1 Ji-it, |^^fe^»»"^^'^['' 12 cash, from 2 to G years old— prime from .37 1-2 to 75 cts. J p,„p^2 . _.' . ' . per dozen roots, according to their size.— Directions fur the iip/^i'iive retail '.'.'. cullure of this excellent vegetable can be found in Fesscnden's ' '■ '' jpl^Ha,, retail tT. Ere, in ilic nor:lcrn gnle, The »uinincr Ircsscs of ilie Ircfs arc gone, The woodj of Auimnii, all ar.mud our »alc, Have pui Ujoir glor> oii. The tnounlains ihal infolil lu iheir wide sweep, ihe colored landscape rounJ, Seem greups of giaiil kin^s in purple and giiU, Thai guard Ihc eiichanlcd ground. I roam the woods that crown The upland, where ihc mingled splendors glow. Where the gay company of Irecs look do« » On Ihe green GelUi below. My steps arc uoi alono In these bright walks; the sweet soulh-wesl, at play, Flies, rustling, where the painted leaves are strown Along the winding way. And far in heaven, the while. The sun, that sends thai gale lo wander here. Pours out on ihcfsir earth his quiel smile, — The sweetest of the year. Where now ihc solemn shade, Verdure and gloom where many branches meet ; So grateful, when the noon of summer made The valleys sick wiih heat. Let in through all the irccs Come Ihc strange rays ; the forest depths are bright ; Their sunny-colored foliage, in Ihe breeze, Twinkles like beams of light. The rivulet, late unseen, When bickering through the shrubs its waters run, Shines with the imago of its golden screen, And glimmerings of the sun. But, 'ncath yon crimson tree. Lover to listening maid might breathe his Qamc, Nor mark, within its roseate canopy. Her blush of maiden shame. Oh, Autumn ! why .so soon Depart the hues that make thy Ibresis glad ; Thy gcnde wind and thy fair sunny noon. And leave tlice wild and sad ! 1 less olilifjing, more iiidolciit, nml iiior.; .Ui.iuvea. e.vertioiis, and stopped bim for a uionieiit. Tliil pr^ gu^c the old mini lime to rally, for prompted bj ■* the spirit of '76, lie was determined on victory death. The animal in vain attempted to force tbi tQ\t, gate, near where stood the old man. On bii pa^sinf;, he wieliled the pitchfork, with as mud dexterity as could lie expected from one wh ner»eri and sinews hail been Mrung together for a fci least three score years, and plunged the tints o i the iiKtruinent the whole length, into the bini uTro quarters of the creature, when, tn his utter aston M9< ishiiient, in.slead of the Iieur fucin<; him, as usuo tto<-' with .such animals when attacked in the rear, tb Ity well known sound of Bo — o — o— o. Bo — o- Bo — o — o — o, ii^sued from the other cxircmiiy ( the f|uudruped, who, being under great head wa before receiving the pitch fork, let out one lio more, 03 the saying is, and went down the hill if the ' old boy' bad kicked an end. The old get tlemaii having discovered his mistake, sung oi 'Why Joe — that ai)i< a bear, it is our old Jila( Ht>l'i:r a." Ill the scijuel it appear.^ that th licifor liad been in the clothes-yard, wherr. I some means, she bad attached a sheet tohcrhtirn '■ which was mistaken for a sheep." than they u,-ed to be. This, we apprehend, s-hould c.xcile no surprise : it naturally follows from the manner in which they are brought up, the cot- tage in w hich they are all trained, was once the seat of ."implicity, lionesty and fidelity ; it has been converted into a nursery of discontent, iu- I subordination and profligacy." .Agricultural. — .Vbout ten days since, Mr Benja- I inin ("lurke, of llampslead, Ciueen's county, I threshed 140 of the common sized sheaves of Rye, the growth of the season, which produced of clean grain 11 bushels, being an average of one bushel from ten sheaves. Our Inst accounts from Queen's county say, that wheat, oats, and lute planted corn, ore very good — hiirkwheat, potatoes, and early planted corn, rather light. — .V. Brunswick Gaz. The Thru Doctors, — An eminent author saitli "There are three doctors, Dr Diet, Dr Quiet, and DrMcrryman — they are reported to be excellent nhysicians ; and if kept at a constant pension, their fees will not be very costly." It is staled in a AVarren, [N. J.] paper, that three Pcniisylvanians are digging near the Dela- ware for inonej'. They have excavated to the depth of 60 feet. They would do better to go nearer to the city and dig potatoes. id'' Sugar/rom Beets. — A letter from Nantz, dated 6th August, states, tlint imported sugars were very low and daily declining — tlial the culture of beets, which is actively prosecuted, will in a little while cause a revolution in the sugar trade : the sugars of the colonies not being able to sustain a coinpetitiou with those from beets. hiK As the visitors, comprising many ladies, wei ^ '" viewing the tables of the Massachusetts Horticultii '■'^ al Society, a gentleman present spoke to the Mayc <*-' saving, " this is all very well, but to us it is '/o biilikn fruit.'" " Yes," replied the Mayor, •• ai did you ever know the Ladies to behave thet selves better, when placed in a situation of a ^iti larkind?" — Evening Gaz. Ah, 'I were a lot loo blest Forever in thy colored sliades la stray; Amrd.4l the. kisses of the soft soulh-wcsl To rove and dream for aye ; Jl Bear Hunt. — The Bellows Falls paper gives ail aiiiusing account of a recent bear bunt. " A fanner, who had found some of his sheep dead in liis pasture, supposed he was visited by a bear. Ho accordingly set his traps, kept three dogs out, and kept a watch. The result of these cflbrts were as follows: — caught in the traps — one dog — one calf — two sheep — and one of the ' old man's' daughters! — This last was a mis-for- tune. But the old man with a truly philosojihical feeling, said ' iie was d h sorry Sail got Treatise on Silk, S,-c. 'i'his day received al the Seed Store onnecled with the N Engliiiul Farmer, No. 5J, North Mai kei street, .\ mcthodiciil Treatise on the Cultivation of ihe Mullx- Tree, on Ihe rai.singnf Silk Worms, and on winding Ihr ^ from Ihe Cocoons ; with plates. Itv Wm. H. Veruou.fil Kl» Island.— Price SI -00. it Aug. II Strawberry Plants. For sale al the Brighton Nursery 2CO0 plants of ibe Pine pie Strawberry, in fine order for iransplaming — al S--'" 100— 37 I -2 CIS per doz. Also, Wilmois Superb. .\li,ij.i i;. berry, Ilaulbois, Downton, ikc. Orders for ihc nb. directed lo J. B. Kusskli., Seed Store.. 5i North ^' Boston, where the plants will be delivered, fiee of . trnnsporlatinn. The plants nre parked iu moss for ii.i.., lion lo any part of the union. catch'd, for she warnt able to milk nor rake hay for a long time.' Finally, after every attempt of the boys liad failed, the ' old nmn was determined to watc^h hitnself, and accordingly started out about 8 o'clock in the evening, with his three sons, arm- ed with jiitch forks, hoc iiandlcs, flails, &c. — old Putnam like — determined to meet the marauder oi' bis shee|i pasture.' At the corner of the barn i|^^ stationed himself, llislhroo sons formed a sort '• \Vc compute the ogiieiiUiirnl laborers and Lf wiVfHe ' (/oirn a/oiii,".' Tlioy had not long occit- (licir families at six millions of piTsoiis. There is| |,i„d their stations when the enemy hove in sight, no member of the coinniunity, be his rank or sta- 1 bearing betwcn his formidable jaws, (as was sitp- lioij what it may, who is not deeply interested in posed,) one of ihe finest .sHicep in the whole Hock, the character of this clas.s ; the servants and me- i,.s it looked titiconiinonlv large. The alarm being And leave the vain, low strit'e Thai makes men mad — the Uig for wealth and p.>wcr. The passions and the care* thai wither life. And waste lU little hour. Tulip Moots. For s.ilc al the Seed .Store connected » ith the New Engl Farmer, 5t! .\orth .Market street, A fineeollcclion of Uulch Tulip RooU.of brishi red, yell white, pink, and splendid variegated colors, nl ^1,(X) per do — 12 l-i CIS single. if nials of tiie higher orders are obutiiicd from it ; and every body knows how essentially the com- forts of the employer d(;|>eiid u|m>ii tltom. During a large |)urtioii of infnin-y, children necessarily r.ill much into the hands aitcL the .society of ser- viitiis. When iniiiiorality takes possession of the lottiige, what art, then, i-jin hiiiiler the jiollution Irom spreading upwards ? It i.'*, indued, liocom Ao/i'c«. Sulisrriberslo ihc New England Farmernre informed they can have iheir volumes nently and faithfully half be and leitered, al 75 els per volume, by leaving "ihem al office. .Veto China Tea Sets, and tight bhu Dinner U. Received, a great variety of the nl>ove ; which, wiih a < plele nssortment ol Croekerv, China, and Glass Ware, at fered for sale, low, ni No. 4 bock Scr annum, pnynble ,i end ot"tlie ye.ir — bul those who pay within nixty diiys frrn lime of »ubscribing. are entitled to ■ deduriion iif fifty ci in- Qj" No pnpcr «ill bo sent lo adisuince without pnyniii. iiif made in ntlvnnee. Printed for J. U. Russr.I.i., by I. U BiTT.'c-by « nil deteriplions of Printing can be exeruird lo ineel the « ... • w of custoiiioni. Ortlcrsfor prinling recetvril by J. B. Iti s> !» Bomioon coinplaint that servants nro generally I upon the opposite side — but it resisted bif nunost 1 »t the AKriculiural Wareliouse No, M Notih ftlnrkct S NEW ENGIiAND FARMER. Published by John B. Rdssell, at .Vo. 52 JVorth .Market Street, (at the Agricultural M'arehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1829. No. 12. AGRICULTURE. SSACIIUSETTS AGRICULTURAL SO- CIETV. le Trustees of Ihc Mussacluisells Society for the promotion grieultiire, eiicouragetl by (iie patronage of llie Legislature lis State, intend to offer in premiums, net only ilie sum tci!0 of llio I'libs of Indian ('urii, wlieii liStil witli or wiiliuut the grain itsrir^'round or biukcii, $20. The chiiin imicIlm- ihu iwu lu:it heads, together with the ovidcnrus of the uctiiul prodnrt, must be (Jehverud, free of e\|)eii>-e, to liKNJA.Mi.N Ulilu, iisq. [ill itustoii] .-Vssistiint Ki:corL'iciiibcr next ; ihe 'I'rnstoi'S nut intending to dt'cido upon claims under the head of Agricultural E.viierimciils, until their meeting in December. Jiuller, Chftae, and Cider. For the best Cheesp, not Ifss than one year old, and not less ill (|iinntiiy than 100 pounds, $10. For the ne.xt best do. do. §5. For the next best Cheese /(«« than one year old, $10. For the next best Ho. do. $.5. For the l)est Butter, not less than fifty pounds, $15. For the next best do. ilo §10. For ths next best do. do. $7. For the next btst do, do. $5. For the greatest (|uanlity of Butter and Cheese, iiinde between the loth of .May and the first of October, from not less than four cows, the quanti- ty of Butter and Cheese, and the number of Cows to bo taken into consideration, and sppciniens to be exhibited at the Show, of not less than "20 pounds of each, and the mode of feeding, if anything be- ■ides pasture was u.scd, $20. For the best specimen of Cider, not less than one barrel, made in 1828, mauufactmed by the person who shall cxhiliit the same, ami fiom ap- ples grown on his own farm, .$15. For Ilie next best barrel, $10. The person obtaining the first premium shjjil be Piilillcd to n ftirther sum of ,«5, as ii compensation for the premium barrel of cider, which will he regained and used at the Show Dinner, in order that he may linve the credit of ir. [These premiums will be continued in future yeur.s. Persons claiming them, must state, in wri- ting, their |>rocess of making and managing their ci(ler,'and the kind of a])ples used.] For Inventions. To the person who shall use the Drill I'loiigh or Machine, ami iipply it most successfully to the cultivation of any small grains or seeds, on nscule of not less than one acn^, $20. To the person who shall invent the best ma- chine for pulverizing and grinding plaster to the fineness of 25 bushels per Ion, and which shall rufpiirc no more power than n pair of oxen or a horse, to lurii out two tons per day, mid so luirta- bli- that it e:iii he moved from one farm to another withoht ineonvenienee, $30. To the person who shall produce at the Show any olhur iigriciillural implement of bis own in- vention, which shall, in the (jpinion of ihe Trus- tees, de.serve u reward, a premium not exceeiliiig TSvenlii Ujititrs — iiccor ling to the value of the Riticle exhihiteil. Ill :ill canes, proof must be given of the v, ruk il •II.! by Ihe 'ilachine, hefore it is exhibited ;— and (if its hiiviiig been used and approved liy some pr.irtiral farmer. rersons who Imvo taken out pnleiits for iheir iHventionH, are not iheieby exchidd fnmi chtiniing nny of the above preminjns. ■ No elainiaiit will I milled to n prniniiim, un- less, ill ihe opinion of the (■(.muiiiiee, ihii ninchine or ir'ipl.iiiiMit presi'ni.il l,y him shall be superior tM any dAigned for Ihcr saiiii' use, and whicii nIimII lisre herctolbre gaineil a prmiiiiii]. for raisini^ Trtes and Htjf/rts. To the person, who, on or hefore the 1st De- cember, lcj.')2, shall have raised the largest planta- tion of the White Mulheriy Tree, not less than 2000 plants, nor less than Ihrte years old, $50. To the person who shall exhihit within the same time the greatest (piunlity of raw or uiiinaiiufac- tured silk, not less than tin jirjuuils, o£ his own raising, $20. For the best plantation of While Oak Trees, not less than one acre, nor fewer than 1000 trees per acre, to he raised from the acorn, not less than three years old — and which trees shall he in the most thriving stale on the 1st of September, 1829, .* 100. For the best jilantations of 'White Ash, Larch, or Yollow Locust trees, each of not less than one acre, nor fewer than 1000 trees per acre, to be raised from the sced.s, jiid whicli trees, not less thnii three years ohl, shall he in ihe most thriving stale, on the 1st Septeinher, 1831, $.50. For the best Live Hedge, made either of White or Cockspiir Thorn, pl.inted after 1820, no; less than 100 rods, and which shall be in the most thriving state in 1831, S->0. For the best UucUlhorn Hedge, not less than 100 rods, and whicji shall he in the best thriving state in 1829, §50. , To the person who shall have planted out on his farm since the spring of 1820, ihe best apple orchard, of not less than 100 trees, and who shall exhibit to the Trustees at the Show in 1829, sat- isfactory evidence of his having managed the same with care and skill, $50. Fur Domestic Manufactures. For the best -^- Woolen Blankets, not less than ten pairs, $50. For the best Worsled_ Camlet, or Bombaxcf, not less than sixty yards, $40. For the best Linen Sheeting, not less t\\n\>fjlt/ yards, §30. For lluvhost Linen Shirting, not less than fifty yards, $30. For the best Sewing Silk, not less than ten pounds, $30. All of the above m;uuifarluies must be manu- factured wiihiii the stale of Massiichnsells. And all maiiufaclures, when presented, must have a private mark, and any public or known mark must he completely eoncealeil, so as not to be seen or known by the Commitlee, nor must the Proprietors be present when they ric examined — in default of either of these recpiisitions, the ariicles will not he deemed eiilitird to a consideration or preniiiini. Animals may beoflered for a premiumat Brigh- ton, notwithstanding thoy may have received a pri'mimn from a Coiinly Agriciiltmul Society. h is iinilcrstdod, that whi-iiover, merely froiri vrtiiit of conipitilion, any of ilieclaimants may be considered entitled to the premimii, under a literid ronstrnction : — yet if, in ihc opinion of the Jiidj;is, the object so olTcred, is not di'serviiig of any r> - ward, the Judges sliiill have u right lo reject Mirb clnims. I'ersons lo whom premiums sliall be awarilcd, may, at their opiion, have an arlicic of jilale with suitable insciiplinns, in lieu of money. in cases whiTe peciiiiiiiry premiiiins are olVered, the Trustees may, havini; regard to the circiim- slaiices of the compelitors, award either ihe Sm-i- ety's gold or silver medals in lieu of the pecuniary premium aiiiiexed to iho feveral articles. That if liny I'onipeiilor for any of the Society's |iriiiiimiib sh.dl bu discovered to have used any disingenuous measures, by which the ol^jrcl the Society ba\c been defeated, tucli pcrsi.ii not only forfeit the preiniuin » bich may ha\e awaided lo him, but be rendered incapable o ing ever after a com|ietilor for any of the Soci premiums. 7Vni« of Paying Premiums TheTreasnrei aitinil at the Hull at 5 o'clock, P. AL on iheA of the Show, and on the next day, from 9, A till 12, M. to pay all preiniiims awarded. All prcmiuiiiM not demanded within six n after they shall have been awarded, shall be d ed as having been generously given to ui funds of the Society. Ploughing .Match. On the 1-ltli day of October, preiniiinis w given to the owners and ploughmen of the I Ploughs, drawn by two yoke of oxen, and v owners and ploughmen of three ploughs di by one yoke of oxen, which shall be adjoiL-e a competent cominittee, to have perfcriiK-d best tcork, with the least expense of labor, i.ot eceding half an a.cre to each plough. .And entries may be made of jlie names of the coi tilors until the morning of the 14th. Prelirr will be given to those who enter first — but i calling the list at the hour appointed, preci those first named do not appear, ihe iirxi in ( will be jireferred. There will be two Comiiiii of three persons each — one to be the judge the ploughing by double teams, the other oi ploughing by single teams ; — lUc hitler In assigned to them a part of the field dislii.ct that of the double teams. Premiums as follows — [being the same lb double and single teams: — ] First Plough, $15. Ploiigiimaii, $S. l)i $4. Second Plough, $10. Ploughman, $.'>. ver, $3. Third Plough, $6. Ploughman, $3. Drivei In each case, if there be no driver, both , to be awarded to the ploughman. The persons intending to contend for llics» zps, must give notice in writing to J. Win: Esq. of Brighton. The coiiipelitors willal: consideivd as agreeing to follow such n.li •? regulations as may be nilopted by the Conuiii on the subject. The ploughs to be readv lo ut 9 o'clock, A. .M. .\ll manufactures and implements nms brought to the Hall, anil intered on .Monda 12lh, to be examined on Tiies.lay the 13tli. Also, liiilier, Cheese, Cider, Sec. on the day, for entry and e.xanjimitioii. All entries of animals fur tiie pens, or as w ing cattle, must bo m.ide before Tiiesdav eve the 13tli. The Ploughing Matches will rommenci Weilnesilay morning, at half jiust nine iic prcci.itty. Trial of Working Oxen, at eleven o'cluck, risriy. Tlie public .-sales of SL-imifn-lnres and .\tni at twelve o'rhti'k. The applicants will be held to a rigid coiiqdi with ihe rule relaiive tu entries, us well as other rules prescrilnd. Besides siieh animals as may have been •■(! for Pri'iniiims, any others that are roiisid.rt possessing fine qiialilies will be ailmilled for And for all animals and nianiifiictiires, that nr -> 31 (1 to be sold, notice must ho given to the tiiiv, heflji-e 10 o'clock of the 14tli. Auc- ■is will be pi-oviilerl by the Trustees. 15v order of the Trustees. n. SlJLLIVAiV, ) G. PARSONS, E. H. DERBY, J. HEARD, Jr ,n/, 1829. iikSSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. i e Anijual Exhibition of this Society was at a Hiiir.t,, on Thursday, October 1st, 1829. (I; I : and the interest manifested ni proino- ilijects of the Society was undiminished. iber of animals exliibited was less than idd have been. JIany of those that yveve ited, were well worthy of premium, and dis- '^ !d a ^ood degree of attention to the selection nprovement of our stocks of cattle. lanufactured articles were superior to of any former year, and displayed very fa- ndications Sf the domestic industry of lunty. 3 Ploughing Match was well contested — ! teatns were engaged — the work .was well and ilie whole performance excited the ad- on of all who saw it. — The ploughs used nucli superior to those of any former year. Reports of the several committees will be ■ded for pul)lication in the New England !r, when completed. VI It No. 12.- AND HORTICULTUIIAL JOUKNAL. 91 Cotiimittee. Fiom (he MassachuseUs Journal. i .^toufs from the yellow peach tree. The adhc>^ioM NEW ENGLAND FAi^ER's ALMANAC FOR ! ^n ij'^f ^ i:^^:'::!:: ::::::,:; i::!::! ^^'■^^- I The flavor of the fruit w; Ju.-t published by Cakter & Hf.ndee, corner parlakin- of that of the clir of bc-hool and Washington-streets, and by J-.B. Russell, No. 52, North Market-street, the Atw England Farmer's Almanac, for 1830, by Thomas G. . Fesse.nden, Editor of the jYtw England Farmer. This nund)er of an annual, which has been fa- vorably received, liberally patronized, and exten- sively circulated, will be foimd considerably ira- y was favorable, and the concourse of j proved upon those which have preceded it. usually large. The Exhibition was well The astronomical calculations are by a gentle- Elected ( of the Essex Agricultural Society. October 1, 1829. REDERIC HOWES, Salem, President. VICE PRESIDENTS. iBE.NEZER IMosELY, Newburyport. OLOMO.v Low, Boxford. AMES Gard-xer, Lynn. AMES II. Du,\ca.\, Haverhill. TREASURER. NDREW Nichols, Dauvers. RESeONOING AND RECORDING SECRETARY. ' 0H.\ AV. Proctor, Danvers. TRUSTEES. John Adams, Andover. Abijah Cheever, Saiigus. Jonathan Ingalls, Andover. Stephen Barker, ' Daniel Putnam, Danvers. Daniel A Advcnisir BUUiUTON SHOW. One of llic finii if u liouHC in Ilo.-lon, tliat •Inunlitfr.siiinl |iiii'ksiiioro liL-vfaiiil |i<>ik tluiii niiy oilier ill New I'.ii^'liiiul, lias sii'ul, williiii ii fi-'W ilovs, tliut till,- iii)i>iovPiiii'iit ill llie r|ualii.v ul" neat caille ill till- lu^l nil <e fairly esliiiiatea al len per cent. Tliiii is to .say— the cattle now driven to this market will yielJ, in c iiiSo'iiuMH-e ofa liivoralilc change in the rraiiiu of the animal, (tii per cent more dc.ili than was ob- tained rriJiii those that came to us twelve years b;,'o. Ami this improvemeiit he, wholly ami nii- liesitnlin^'ly, ascribes to ihc intlnciiee ofoiir Cattle Hliows. The sin^'le honsc alhidcil to, slaughters from Wirtc to six thousand head of cattle in .i year. Takiii" the average weight of each to he nine hun- lired poniids, it will he, at once, scon that this ini- iiiovcmentinthe quality of neat stock, will amount to no less a sum than from 15 to 30,000 dollars a year on the beef brought into the market by that luie house. The im|irovcmcnt in stcine, by a change in the brecils, is said, by the same gentleman, to have been quil« ecpial to that in neat cattle. The writer has conversed with the principal provision dealers, and they all have confirmed the bIiovc account. These are facts which ought to take fast hold Ml the public iiiinil. They show the vast good, which may be done by a little judicious encour- Bgcinent. The consumption of liulkr in the city of Boston ii immense; amounting pr which inny buj dafely left to their own good sense, without iiwro words. Iribles for ciiliii.My piirpo>es, uiu! at the siiioe a com|ieteiit supply of most ol the fruits i.iid grtables wliirli arc now found only on li.e tal ' of the rii-li. We have said nothing of (lowers and orn.'.mei shrubs, because we acMr<-ss ibeye reiiiai-k> !■> pi tical and hiboring men. These are indei-il iii:it|r of luxury, and when they are prope,ly cull evince a tine taste, and dcxervedly attract tin; teiifion mill ailmiration of ihns!- who witniss i I5iit the cullivalion of these have noihing k We Iioih; the effect of the cstablislinient Horticultural Soi-iely in the stale will be, lo ilil a belter understanding, and a greater iiilen si the conimiinity upon thisiniportaiit branch of g living, than lias heretofore existcil. — ll'orc Yeoman. (JAKDK-NS. an acre of tolerably good soil, lo raise ci:oiigl Our readers will find in another column an ac- [ his own corsiimplioii of the e iioii carileo v count of ih • recent interesting anuiversiiry meet- j ilig of Ihe Ilorliculliiral Society of this slate. .\nd though that meeting was held in UostoM,aiid embraces many of the first names in the common- wealili, vvi; hope no one will consiiler himself too hiinible or remote to be allected by the objects of that association. I'cople in general are too iiiul- tentive to that part of domestic economy which is deiiominatcil iinrdtninf;. We do not menu by this term, any of the higher branches of this use- ful, as well as maamental art, but choose to con- fine our lemarks to the simple subject of kitchen ' with making a useful kitchen gar.le i.l it i this, we repeat, we confine these observaiion Within our own observation, these have been unwisely and unaccountably iieL'leeted by the ag- ricultural coiniminity. That which might be ea- sily made the most productive of profit, as well as luxury and comfort of any jinrt of a farm, is too often I he most neglected, and the least profitable. Kverv oiii> is by no means a sluggard, where the thorn and the thistle peep over his garden wall, Orchard Rohhin-^. — The C'harlestown .\i and the rank weeds choke the few culinpi-y vege- states that three persons, full grown men, v tables which are lef to struggle there after being • Cjncd before Justice Soley last week, for depp once committed to the soil. This maybe re- 1 (i(,|,s committed on Sabbath before the last, on marked of many good farmers, and otherwise, ,„-{.|ianl of Mr Asa Tuft.-, Winter-bill. They prudent huslumdmen. They seem to consider ;,ttempled to steal the fruit several times bef their gardens as beneath their notice, and iiuwor- JJr Tufts found assistance, and secureil tlirei thy of any expense of time and labor. them, who weie compelled to pay about/ur/y This may be true to a certain eiteiit if their /,,rij the fine being double for the same theft value is to be estimated by what they ai'fially dis- 1 the Sabbath. They were all foreigners, pose of for money, vvhieli is ordinarily jiroiluced jrarden and orchanl robbers beware — the ar in gardens. But if men regard their own plea- sure and comfort as<)f any value, and they in fact pay large sums for the thing they call pleasure, every farmer wcjuld find his garden a source of actniil (irotil, and of vvliieh, if he once knew its value, lie would not willingly be deprived. Tha way in which many, and we might say most gardens are mniiaged, is, to select a favored spot, enrich the earth, till it until it is sufficiently mellow, and then ap|iropiiato it to the raising of most common vegetables, sueli as potatoes, beets, carroty, &c. Even these are soon neglect- ed, and by autumn, the crop of weeds very far exceeds, in quantity and luxuriance, the vegeta- Ides with which they have been suffered to grow. llow few, for instance, notwithstanding the ease with which it may bo done, ever think of raising a supply fi>r their own families of the va- rious kinds of melons whieb ripen in our climate. So with grapes, peaches, and plums, to say no- thing of the various fruit-bearing shrubs that the law is strong, and when they are detei-tt is sure to go hard with ifreiii. — Saltm GazcUt From ll.e l!i-rk»lnre Ar-i.s. RAILROAD. Theodore Sedgwick, Esij. of Storkbridsri the last Lenox paper, has, under his own pi signature, again addressed the public on the jectof the contemplated Railroad, the coiis'i> tioii of whieb, our readtrs will remember postponed frcmi the last June to the jiext Jai session, for a final decision. The remarks so! ted lo the public by Mr Si'dgvviek proceed an lio!-.est heart, am! a sound head, and de: consideration. Our limits will not permit g the whole of them : the ensuing cxirari sullice, to which we pray the nttcntion ol readers : — The truth i.s, that the question of the e.\pe cy of tliis meitsiire is perfectly simple, perl would grow and fioiirisb in our gardens — they I plain, in all its parts. But then like every seem by a kind of common consent to bo appro- else, it must be looked into and studied, a prialed lo the pnbil<:s of the rich and Inxinioiis alone, ns if the palates of the laboring classes were too obtuse lo enjoy any but the coarsest and cheapest of Heaven's bounties, while in triilli no- thing is wanting but a little attention on the pint of any one who owns a garden of almost aiiv si/.i', to proiluee for his own eoii^uiiiplion, what his lieh neighbors purchase in market, and literally 'Mo sit under his own vine,"' and enjoy the luxmy of eating its fruit in peace. Nolhing is wanting but a lillle care in selecliiig the .seeds and rools whi.b he would cidlivale. anil in pitpariii'/ the ground to receive ll afterwards besiowiiig such liltlo attentions fioiu time to lime ns every man has it in his power to bestow, lo preserve them from injury, lo enable things are studied, which are to be iiiulers Without this allention to it, it is not plain more than tho simple rules of .Xriiluiietii pluin, to a child who has just began to c That a subject iVeo of ditficiiliy, is not well ilerslood by a great number of the most rv sf: hie men ill our coniiimnily, is not an mieoii case. It is a very common case. The sidij new, there is little cxiierience in regard they have had neither leisure or opportunity lend lo it. Their igiioiance is iheretini' ii parageim-iit : but the whole pi'ople will be nd pariiL'ed, if their iV-ars are lo be taken for opinions. As has b-en said, this Is a iM-rfectly « qiiesliiui, and there is not llie smallesl dilfim nnv man who is the occupant of a (piarlei or half i the way, but the want of inform.-ttiiin. Th* i;i-(;t'orc, of iIh! W MlOlltllr? lllilt .Is of till ,.|a|,sc h. siu-c, ill th will claiisc liL'i'ure tlic iif xt Sfs- f tlie Lcgi.-latuii', is, ill cviTv way, liy I'l'i- xpluiiatKiii ; ill p'iblii- meotiii,!,'.s ; tlirou^'li the ess ; to spread bttbre tlie p'joplo those fiicts aiul leiatioiis, whicli will cei-tnirily secure the ob- ■t. J>osloii is the centre oC iiil'oiiiialion, ami have a right tu look to the cily upon this oc- sioii. — Exertion is iiiilispeiisihle, and the object worthy of it. It is plain eiioiij'li tlint great lianges are to take place, in the trade, the rnaiui- ctiircs, the fortunes of our states and of ourcoin- niiitics. In some great branches of business ere are great dilBculties : there is to be a strug- efor life ; New England is to have her full sliareof ese troubles. What preparation shall we inake meet tlieiii ? There is none, but in ;)!iWic s/n'nV ; in common cause; in something which shall make ifeel our united strength — in some general plan d ilcsign for the good of the whole ; something liicli shall arou-e the energy, and call out the nins of our people. The governor in his las; 1 iinniunication, stated in the most judicious and rect manner, that these exertions had become idisiiensible to our manufacturing interests— to Lir character. It is true that we are now discus- ing the (piestion of a particular public improve- lent, but we are in fact deciding whether there lall be improvement of every kind. ^Ve are say- i" yes, or no, to the very exisiencs and spirit of iternalimproveiiienl of every kind, in every part f the state. Time and chance happen to all, Vol. VIII. — No. V2- AND lIOilTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 93 not I lone -iiid f.rfron hniiKin aid, for Iheniialm-e i There never was u wiser maxim than that of ,„i,.ht ctiv'-t a ciiic-but in the nii.lst of an abun- j Franklin.— " Nothing is cheap which we do not dant population, where a crowd will soon gather j want." Yet how perfectly insane many people roun.l him. There will be great divcr.sily of i are on the subject of buying cheap things. " JJo oninion as to the nature of the disease. One calls tell me why you have bought that east oti door it the bolts, another the cholic, a third a founder, j plate ? " asked the husband of one o( these nota- a fourth something ditrerent from all the res short, each one claims the privilege of (orimiig and maintaining his own opinion, and each one considers his reputation for judgment concerned in supporting his own views to the last. As they differ respecting the nature of the dis- ease, so they differ in regard to the mode of cure. Even those who chance to agree as to the nature of the disease, are a[)t to disagree about the treat- ment. Of those who pronounce the complaint to be botts, one recommends milk and molasses ; another, red precipitate and spirits of turi)cntine ; another, aloes and beef brine ; and a fourth. (O, monstrous!) a fowl cut open alive, and the en- trails thrust down the poor horse's throat. Think of tliat, ye human jjatients — did you everswallow a live toad ? If so, you wi miserable sick horse swallowing the warm entrails of a murdered hen. Of those who will have the dis.^ase to be cholic, one recommends gin — and a hnrse who never drank r.i-thingin his life but cold water, has a quart of ivrdent spirits poured down his throat ; another iire.-cribts castor oil, and forthwith n bottle of that is sent after the gin in the horse's stomach ; a.ut the latter is most proba- ble, because the practice of the art is generally onfincd to the most ignorant part of the popnla- ion. These circumstances have rendered the jractice degrading ; and that which is ipiite as lonorable in its nature as the treatment of human liseases, and much better paid for, is wholly in the hands of quacks— a set of men who would con- fer disgrace upon any calling. Let the subject be attended to in a scientific manner, let there be veterinary departments attached to our medical colleges, and let only well educated men attempt the practice of farriery, and a doctor of horses will be accounted as respectable as a doctor of human beings; and he who relieves the sufferings and saves the life of that noble animal,, will be accounted no less a benefactor, than he who per- ibrius the same service for that often less worthy animal, man. But, as we have said above, there is no creature more to be pitied, than a sick horse. We will suji- cenerally happens, that whatever is recommend- ed is cprried, with as littb delay as possible into pi-actice ; for where all are equally good authority, it would be unfair to follow the advice of one, and reject that of the other — besides, the owner isexcecdingly anxiou; for the life of his horse, and is -.villing to give him at least a chance of recov- ery, by making use of all known methods for ef- iecting so desirable an end. Consider now ths condition of the poor ai.inia;. He has, (according to all accounts,) not less than a half a dozen of different diseases; and for each disease he is compelled to (jwalKnv something like a dozen different i-emedies! The consequence is, that the poO£ horss ha^ not less than half a bar- rel of themost various nostrums down his throat at the same time — enough to kill any well horse in Christendom — Judge, then, whether a sick one has any chance of rccoveify ! As might be ex- pected, the animal generally dies — and with his dying breath gives evidence that the maxim of Solomon — In the multilude of covnsdlors, there is safety, in this in.stance, at Icaft, has not proved true. — Berkshire Jimerican. Receipt for the Bilious Cholic. — Take a large handful of bark of the White Walnut, and boil it in water until very strong, then sweeten it with molasses, and let the patient take a tea-cu]) full every hour, or oflener, as occasion may require. It will injure no medicine that has been taken ]>revioHsly. Pigeons. — Lewis, in bis excellent history of Lynn, speaking of the wilil iiigeons which visited the early settlers of this covmtry, remarks, that their flocks were so numerous as to obscure tb« light, and they continued flying for four or five hours togethiM-, to such an extent, that a person couhl see neither beginning nor end, length nor breadth, of these millions. When they alighted in the woods, they frequently broke down largH limbs of the trees with their weight. A singla family has been known to have killed more than a hu other weapons : and they were often taken fn such number.s, that they were thrown into piles, and kept to feed swine. — Boston Traveller. Schools. — Three measures have been proposed, to give success to the winter schools, soon to com- mence. 1. Appropriate ten dollars to apparatus for each school. •2. Institute weekly meetings of teachers, for their niutualiniiirovementas teachers and citizens. 3. Procure a central deposit of apparatus, for t-enchcrs and others to illustrate to the oldest pu- pils of all their schools, subjects which it is iin- porlant for them to understaml, and which cannot be introduced into each school separately. If these steps should be taken in every town the coming winter, they would prepare the way for others to be taken in the season which will follow. — Ihid. The New York Inquirer says there is a machine in operation in that city which makes daily 25,000 bricks, being in operation 12 hours in each day. Destruction of Crops.— The Wilmington, N. C. Recorder says, the latest intelligence confirms ap- lirehensions, with respect to the losses sustained by the rice jjlanters. Some of those above tli» thoroughfare, may be calculated to lose about two- thirds, others, the whole of their crops. Remarkable Fact.— A gentleman of Saugiis in forms, that during the last four years, a death has not occurred in that town, of any body between the age of 4 and 16. — Lynn Mirror. Zoological Gardens. — The number of visitors to the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, last year, was 112,000, and the receipts amounted to £12, 358. The Society has purchased S3 a^res of ground near Kingston, for the purpose of breeding pose the lot of the four-footed [latienl to be cast — | foreign animals. — London paper. Our Militia system is falling into greater con- tempt every day. It is with difliculty that decmit men can be induced to accept oflices. — At a late review in Fitchburg, in this state, a company from one town was among the missing. The reason was, every individual who had been chosen an officer, declined the honor. It was offered to the minister— but he, not being of the church militant, refused. — Salem Gazette. Preservative Potters of Red Ochre. — The fact that quantities of Red Ochre have several times been found in connexion with Indian remains, has led to some speculation as to the inotives of tba 91 NRW ENGLAND FAKMEU, Oct. 9, 1829. ubori>:iii('s in liiiryiiii? il with lln; lioiliis of llifir (IcikI. May it not liiive li..tii with iIk; chv-iirn of inrsi-rviii',' the limlifs froiii rorriiplion ? 'I'hc flil- lowiii;,' fXtracl Iroin Honllpy's Hiishaiiiiiy would sccin to simction such tin opinion : — "A Mr ronltncy, of I'hilaili-lphia, diticl on lioanl n Simnish ship of w!ir ul the Havana, and atr of hoih'il fri»h pork, whii-h iippraied r.s if just kilhd. lie was told il was killed and put np a year liefure. at La Vera Cruz. The hones were taken out, and, without any salt, the pieees were rovered with Sjiaiiish hrown, (or red orlire.) It was then packed in lia;;s, for the ofKcers. They showe gained, which many farmers lose by indolence ; though six hours in a week are nearly ccpial to the working part of a winter's day. Tliisis a material object, especially where a num- hiTof haiitls are employed. The whole farm slioidd be regularly itjspeetcd, and not oidy every field examined, bnt every beast seen, at least once a day, either by the owner, or by some iiilelligent person in his employment. I'ri'vionsly to engaging in any kind of work, wlielhur of ordinary praclicc or iiileiided iinprove- niint, the' best consiileration of which the farmer is capable, ought to be given to it, till he is satis- fic:il that it is aitvisahle for him to attempt it. When begun, he ought to proceed In it with iiiueh attention and perseverance, until he has given it a thorough trial. It is a main object, in carrying on improvuMKtnts, not to altenrpt loo much ul once ; anil never to begin a work wilhoiit a proha- hiiiiy of being able to finish it in due time. Siiprrinr J'ii;<-tnlitr. — Mr (iroaor. TiiosirsoN, gai.!-',icr lo Hon. I'. ('. Huooks, of Meilford, has ■ii-iit lo the New England Farmer oflice, a very fine Broccoli, (rai.scd tVoin seed sold at this place,) RiJea and litfculations for Iht CtUlU Show, S(C., at Briglil'in ; fl'tdntsdmj, Odotier H(/i, li!29. Tim*' iif Enlnj fur Iht Pnmium.i. 1. — Manufactures and Inventions — Butter, Cheese, and Ciller, before 9 o'clock, A. M. on Tuesday, the l;lth, and to be deposited at the Hall, and ready for e.vhibition before 10 o'clock, A. M. of the saiue day. The Hall will be open on Monday, the day previous, for the deposit of articles. iJ. — Stock of every kind to be entered by letter, (p'ost paid) specifying the animals ; or by personal ap- plication to Jo.\.itii.\j( Wi.NSJiii', Esq. at Piighton, Secretary of the Show, on or before Tuesday, the 1.3th ; and a ccrtilicate will be given of such entry, bearing the number of the Pen assigned. 3. — Ploughs, for the Ploughing Match, to be en- tered before 9 o'clock, A. M.on Wednesday the 14th. 4. — Working Oxen on or before Tuesday the liJth. Eruminalioa for the Prtrmiums. 1. — The Committee ou Inventions, that on Manu- factures, and also the Committee on Butter Cheese, and Cider, will commence their examination of the articles entered in their several departments, at 10 o'clock, A. M. on Tuesday the 1.3lh. a.— The Committee on Stock, at 9 o'clock, A. M. on Wednesday the 14th. 3. — The Ploughing Match will fake place precise- ly at half past 9 o'clock, A. M. on Wednesday, tJie 14th. 4.— The trial of Working Oxen, at 11 o'clock, pre- cisely, the same day. 5. — The Auction for Animals and Manufactures at 12 o'clock, M. on the same day. Ruki to be observed hy the Competitors for the Premiums. 1. — A.'l Stock to be in the Pens before 9 o'clock, A. M. on Wednesday. 2. — No animal to be removed from the Pens but by the permission of a Marshal. ,3. — Fat Cattle are to be weighed before being pnt into the Pens, at the expense of the owner. No an- imal not bred within the State can be offered for a Premium. 4. — The Working O.ven to be arranged on the ri^ht hand of the Avenue from the road to the Hall, with their heads towards the centre ; and the drivers are to remain with them there, until the time for the trial. 5. — A certificate will be required that articles of manufacture oftered for premium were wrought with- in the State — to be delivered lo the Secretary at the time of the entry — who will furnish fiir each parcel, to the person presenting it, a label, with a number corresponding willi that of the certificate of the entry, to be annexed to the parcel. (i. — No competitor for any premium to be present during the examination, unless reipiestcd by the Com- mittee ; — the claimants of the premiums for Inven- tions exce( teJ, who will be required to attend on the Committee to answer such questions as may be put to them; and also to exhibit sufficient evidence that such inventions as are ofiered by them are of profita- ble use. 7. — After examination the goods will be consider- ed in charge of the owners, but must reuinin for pub- lic inspection until alter the auction on Weilnesday the 14lli, but anight watch will be jirovided by the Trustees. H. — Each parcel of butler, cheese, and eider, must have upon it the private mark of the owner. 9. — Notice must be given to the Secretary, of the animals and inaiiufactiiies to be sold at the auction, in season for a list to be prepared for the use of the auctioneers. The sale lo be in the order of the entries. 10. — The srrviics of the auctioneers will be gra- liiiloiiM; hut the govrrnmiiit duty iiiiisl be paid by the owners. The owners will ntteiid to the delivery to purchasers, and collect the purchase money. 1!^ Particular A'od'rM. 1. — The Society will moelal the Hall at 1 o'clock, |ti> P. M., and proceed thence, accompanied 1 ■■ Committees, invited persons, and other gent- who intend to dine with the Society, to the n.' ■ ■ . j^ house, where the premiums awarded, will bo an- nounced by the Assistant Recording Secretary. .\ procession will then be fonned to the Mansion-house Hotel, where a public dinner will be provided. 2. — The Treasurer will attend at the Hall at 5 o'clock, to pay t-ucli premiums as niay then be de- manileij. And also on Thursday the l.")th, from !) o'clock, A. M. till 12. At one or other of which times the claimants are particularly requested to ap- ply for their money. .3. — Premiums not claimed within six months to be considered as generously given to aid the funds of the Society. 4. — -Mr Jacob Kiihn will attend at the Hall to de- liver certificates of "membership to persons elected members of the Society, at the meeting on the day of the Show, and to others who may never have re- ceived their certificates. The sum of five dollars to be paid on admission, is in lieu of all assessments, and entitles the new member during life to a copy of any publications which the Society may hcreal\cr make. 5. — No persons will be admitted to the Hall except such as have business there, on any day but the day of the Show. 6.^ — The avenue between the ranges of Pens is intended exclusively for the Trustees, Committees, members of the ^Society, and invited persons. The Marsiials will therefore be instructed to admit no other persons. 05^ No Booth, or Tent, or place for the sale of liquors of any kind will be allowed within the grounds belonging to the Society. Nor will any openings through their fences to adjoining lots be permitted. Tickets for the Society's dinner may be iiad of Mr Kuhn, at the Hall, and at the Mansion-house Ho- tel in Brighton, ar.d also at the store of Wells &, Lil- ly, Court street, in Boston, and at the New England Farmer office. No. .52, North Market street. (J/^Cultivators of fine fruit are reipicsted to send samples for exhibition at the Society's dinner. Vegetables remarkable fors'ze and other qualities, will have a place assigned tlicm for exhibition at the Hall Gentlemen who have fine animals that do credit to the country, are requested to send ibem to the Pens for e.xhibitiiin, if not for premium. RICHARD Sl'LLlVAN, ) PKTHR C. BROOKS, ( Comviillte of GORHA.M PARSONS, ( ^rrangtmti.ts. JOHN HEARD, Jr. ) Briuiiton Market. — Monda;/, Oct. 5. (Rcponeii f(ir (lieClimiiicIe niidPnlrlol.) Cattle — During the barreling season we shall ffivc the number of Cattle at market under one head, as rverylhing that wears " hide and hair," is supposed to be beef. 1.307 at inaikel this day, il. eluding about 100 imsolil last week — nearly all sold, and at about Uie same prices ns the Inst week's, with ihe exception df the highest price : we are not aware of any being sold so high as .*.5 per cwl. The liarrelers ci>iiimeiiced nnnlcrnlcly if we iiiiderstaiid llieiii right, they have tlxed their prices at S'2 50 for .No. 2, ?3 for No. 1, ami .*3 50 for .Mess: whether llift will he the rstub- lished price or not, a few weeks will probably ile- I'idi-, at present we have no means of judging. Store Cattle conlimie low iillil dull. Sheep — 5G1T nt market, ineliidiiig n few insoM last week— Between 4 and 5000 were dirposeil oi; and III very low prints ; according to the best iiif.iriuali<'n w Griipe Vines. The subscriber offers for sale Grape Vines of several varieties, the produce of his own garden ; among them are the following: — 300 Isabellas, some now in bearing, only 2 years old ; (iOO do. one year old ; 300 white Muscadine, from 0 (o 3 years old, many now in fruit ; ^niackCape; Queen-, Early Oval ; Black Hamburg; Nni>oleon ; Malag.T, &c. &c. Application, by letter or otherwise, will receive im- mediate attention, and if required, the vines will be packed in such manner as to ensure their safet}' for any reasonable time or distanc(!. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. Oct. 0. 4t 7h. ConirresS'Strect, I Keiirirk, Newlon. Elijah Vose, liostm. 1 Liiii-iilii, Worcr-sler. rofessor of Botany and Vegetable Physiology. Malthus A. Ward, M. D. Professor of Enloniolosy. T. W. Harris, M. D. Professor of Horticultural Chemistry. 3. W. Webster, M. D. Fine Table Grapes. For sale at the Charlestnwn Vineyard, on the south side of Bunker's Hill, a quantity of the finest European table Grapes, raised in the open air, and now ripe, and ripening, on the vines. There are about a dozen differ- ent sorts, among v.'hich the principal are the White Mus- cadine or Sweet Water, Burgundv, Black Hamburgh, Red Chassclas, &c. For sale in any quantities, bv the hundredweight or otherwise. H. HAGGERSTON. Ckarlestown Vineyard, Oct. 8, 1820. Fruit Trees, Sfc. for Sale. The subscriber wishing to give up tlm cultivation of Fruit Trees, ofters a handsome lot of Jlpplc Trees of best sorts. Also Ckerrij Trees, Peach 'Trees, and a few Plum Trees, of several new varieties. Horse Chesnuts, Catalpas, Butternuts, White Mulberries, and sujicrior plants of Honeysuckles. Altheas, &c. &c. The whole would be sold at 33 1-3 per cent, discount from his usual j low prices, or bj'tlie hundred.at a discount of 25 per cent. .\ memorandum of sorts may be seen at Mr. Russell's, I New England Farmer Office. JOHN £R1NCE. I Jamaica Plain, Oct. 8, 1&.). [ 1 can also spare a few young Pear Trees (raised from seed) ; and one and two year.? old from buds of the Jtne netc sorts, at 7^ cents each. j A Treatise on the Vine, j A work now in Press, and will be ready for rlclivcry to ! subscribers and others, the present month, i Comprising a copious and complete dissertation on its Culture, Management, &c. and on the process of making Wine, — together with accurate descriptions and remarks on the properties of about 200 varieties of Grapes best suited for Wine and the Table, with a carefuParrange- nient of the synonymes. — A Topographical list of all the most celebrated Vinayards thronirhout the world, and particularly of those in the different Dejiartments of France, and the mode of culture pursued in those of most note. This work will comprise all the important information contained in the ne20 edlllon of Duhammct, published in 182."i ; also that contained in tlie JS'ouveait Cours Compltt d' .Irrricultvre, edited by Members of the Royal Institute of France ; together with such addition- al information as is found in the works of Rozier, Chap- tal, Jullien, MeCuUooh, Forsyth, Speechly, Berneaud, and other Authors of authority. By Wilmam Prince, Proprietor of the Linnajan Botanic Garden, near New York ; Vice President of the New York Horticultural Society ; C. M. of the Linnaian Society of Paris, of the Horticultural Societies of London and Paris, and of the Imperial Society of the Georgofili at Florence ; Hono- rary Member of the Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- ety, il'C. 'N. B.— The price of this work will be $1 25, or $1 to those who remit in advance — and it can be sent per mail at no great expense. Also, was published recently by the same author, a short Treatise on Horticulture, pp. 206. — Embracing descriptions of about one thousand species and varieties of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Bulbous Flowers, Green-house Trees and Plants, &c. Price $1. Any person remitting the cost of five copies of either of the above works, shall receive the sixth gratis. [nrOrders for either of the above works received by J. B. Russell, at his Seed store. No. 52, North Market- street, where the Treatise on the Vine will be for sale as soon as published. 3t Oct. 2. JVotice. Vv'anttvl (111 or I)efore die firs! of November next, in a Inmiiy living in llie virinily oC l',n. quality warranted, for sale al Ctrp'-liivfi's Ammnnilion i^tore, 65 Broad ^l.ax'rciad. A\^o, SHO r, C;\ PS. &c. ol ll:e best qualili/— cheap for cash. If Bull Calf, from Admiral, For Sale. F< r sale, n very Hue l!ull C.ilf, ]:i months old, by Admiral, out of a supprlorrow, Ihal obtained a prcminni iil HrithUm in UiiG. I'licp S^5. Apply al the .New England Farmpr office. On. 2 3l. Tunis Mountain Broad-tailed Sheep. j A few Rams of this breed, crossed with the Bake- \vell; a full blooded Tunis Ram, and a Ccw Bakewell : Rains, for sale bv the subscriber. Price ^10 each, de- ! livercd in New York. i I VANBRUGH LIVINGSTON, j ' iViar iMiers, Westchester Cc. A. Y. Oct.Gth, 1«:9. ' fVild-Gec^e, For Sale. For sale l.y Aaron Capen at Dorchcslcr, near .Millnn Vi!la<;e. twelve Wild Gi'esp. lai-fje. in fine order, and from one lo three years old, one pair three years old. 3t. Dorc.he.ster, Sept. 30. J\IaUese Jacks for sale. For sale three fine Maltese Jacks, H hands high, nn- posed to be the largest ever seen in this country — two of them dark color, one gray. Apply at the N. E. Farmer OiTice. Sept. 4. 96 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 0, lS-29. MISCELLANIES. TO THE DEPARTED. Lips I have kiwcd.ye arc faiiiiiiii!illy ill UMe 1111(1 in viow -. wliercad the opportunity to practice any (rrt-at virtue but rarely occurs. No Minn ever Inflicted a prf;iiioilitaled injury on anoiliL-r wiiluiut iloing astill greater injury to him- seir. If you wonltl lie happy, beware of letting present pleasures iiuike you forget fiilwre pain& Tlie best thing to lie ilone when evil comes ii(>- on us, is not Innieiitalion, but action ; not to sit and Buffer, bin rise and seek tlie remedy. Beware of self-love — tlie absurd preference which a man gives himself over oilier.i is the source of envy, hatred) and almost .-ill other un- social vices. Borroicine:. — .\ young spendthrift wished to buy on credit, an article of a pains-lakiiij?, money-ma- king vender of small wares. " Borrow of thy back, and borrow of thy belly," said the salesman, "they will never ask thee to return the loans ; but I shall be continually dunning thee." Foresight. — There are fev/ causes of' misery more producti-.e of unhappincss than undertaking expense which wc cr.nnot afford. Forethou/^ht. — Avoiu a hasty reply. It is the second word whicii causes the quarrei. A good Rule. — The best practical rule of mo- rality is, never to do anything which you would be unwilling that all the world should know. Truth, but not always the toliole truth. — We inHst not always speak all that we know ; that Euruptitn Lteches, ifc. Ebenexcr Wijjht, 40 .Milk Street, has made sucli a raii:;eineati{ as will enable him to be constantlv Hupplit with tlic genuine mrilirat Ittch. He has now on BJ>iiie of very large Kize and in prime order. Jimt received by late arrivals, a few pounds of Chira ita herb, — Concentrated ('ompound decoction ofSan parilla — Silver wire Tooth brushca from the manuls lory of James I'roul of Li«, from the manufactory of Shepherd of Lond< the following variety 'if mrtliriitrd lozen^rj — vi-z. rol foot — Khub-drb — Soda — Tulu — Heartburn — I'arcjroru .Ma^nc^iia — Steel — Caiii'jiuile — Nitre — Cayenne — l)]! Fruit — Ginger — Annis).-cd — Ipecacuanha — Lemon Rose — Peppermint and Sulphur. *_' Strict personal attention paid to Physicians' p scriptious, and family medicines. Sept. IL fi Box, for Garden Borders. A quantity of well grown Box, suitable for gar borders and small hedgcS; may be had of ha .ittams the garden of E. T. .indrrvs, near the turnpike g on the Dorchester turnpike, about a mile and half from the Free Bridge 3t Sept. 11. Thomtoii's British Flora. For sale at the New England Farmer Office, No. North -Market Street, one copy only of The Bri Flora, or Genera and Species of British Plants ; ranged afler the reformed sexual system, and illustr by numerous tables and directions ; — by R. J. Tb ton, M. D. — London edition, price $3,00 per Tolum in 'i vols, royal octavo, with i'ii Plates. How to be Rich. — The secret is not in earning, but in saving. — .■VImost any man can rani money, but few can keep it. A small sum is disregarded ; yet a larger one is only several smaller ones united. — Unless little sums are laid together, liow can there ever he a great one ? Suppose a person saves a cent every day — nt the end of a year, he has $3 65 — at the end of 80 years, about $100, including interest. — How easy it is for any man to save a cent a day ! How many can save ten cents a day — or $36 50 a year — or about $1000 in 20 years, including interest. He who spends 7 cents ujion some idle fancy — for instance, in drink, cigars, fruit, &c., should, at the same time reflect, that he thus throws away the interest of a dollu"- for a year. Are there not often occasions in the course of a day, when a |»ersoii spends 7 cents, 2 cents, or 1 cent, which be might avoid without feeling the worse for it ? There t'O his 10 cents a day — his $1000 in 20 years — the very inlcn-st of which would perpetu- ally afford him and his heirs a clear income of 970 per annum. Many grow rich by saving, with very little facility for earning. Some oid men have always lived well, and are very rich by mere saving, hut For Sale. The celebrated farm, commonly called lh« Kettle farm, situated in Seekoiik, Massachusetts, on the cast s Providence river or Narragansel bav, and distant but Iteo liv water or land, from the lown of Provide ''i'his (arm contains about f»0 acres of exo-llent lane! high slate of cultivation, properly divided into pasiurc. til mowing and orchard, and now undergoing a regular rui were folly; but what a man says should be what I of crops. he thinks— otherwise it is knavery. - Tt"= ""rthern, eastern and southern Uuiidari.. J I sides ot a square, but the western liouiidary faciii| more irregular, running into and li:>rniing a (Miiut , The Advantages of going to Law. — Going to U'ives name to the farm. The d»velling house ami out bud §»■ , ,. , . „. ,. , , bgtllful views in the t tie ilispiltes, but m many cases eilectually takes Providence on the north, and il: latiee of lo miles, hrar from the panics the cause of litigation, and the power of future coiitcntio::. The case stated iu the following lines, highly exemplifies tJie trutl of the position : — An Upper and a Lower Mill Fell out about their water ; To war they went, that is, to law, Resolved to give no quarter. A lawyer was by each engaged ; And hotly they contended ; When fees grew slack, the war they waged, They judge shore. The orchard contains above 7iX) trees of the finesi|>a of the Apple, Pear. Peach, .\pricol, Clierrv and Plum, i to 10 years ol.l.— There is also a nursery 'of several tin Peach trees inoculated from this orchard, with n varieti nanienlal trees consisting principally of the Chinese Ail. anil Honey Locust, {(tltdushiit triucanlhits.) The dwelling house is 35 by -JO feet, two «Ior!e«; house l.i by 20 feel ; granary 1 J by IG feel ; w.-L'-h hous two boilers and cooking apparatus to sleam fcMMl for swi by 13 feel; hog (>en ailncned to the same. Ixi.ir.Ud or sides, with a rool Al by 60 feel ; shed on the north side barn yard connecting the bog pen with Ihe barn. 12 by 4 and a well constructed barn with a cellar 33 by 4.S These buildings are nearly new and in gooil order.— 'I anniher barn near the centre of the farm which is 28 by . The fences are in excellent order. A plan of the buildings and a list of ibe diflemil vnri. fruil in Ihe orchanl. b:ive been loll al Ihe office of ihi Kni;land l-'arincr— Wiih die alnivc will l>c sold a ihiili; lot containing about nine acres. This Farm w ill be expo«d for sale but llim trrrii.x^ die | owner nml occupant is iiboul lo engage in some oilier tn and allhough it is richly worth .'OilKiO dollars, will be the first aiiplicnnl for r. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1829. No. 13. AGRICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARUKR. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ciis, exposed to the light of tlie suti, yield oxyge- nous gas, [vital or pure air! and this opinion has FRAXINIJS ORNUS, OR FLOWERING ASH. | i.^en adopted, wc helieve, by the chemists of all This grows to he a tree of considerable size ;: n.^tions. Sir. Humphrey Daw observed that the foliage is of a fine green, and each leaf has \ .. \v|,(;„ a grG^\ ing plant, the roots of which are lliree or four pair of foholcs ; the flowers are | supplied with proper nourishment, is exposed in white, and are produced in May, in large hunches ; ,|,c presence of solar light, to a given quantity of WILD PLUM. l^M. Prince, Esq. Sir — I select you as the most proper person to Jhom to present the accompanying package of j at the ends of the branches. They do not present j atmospherical air, contiiining its tfue proportion of ild plum stocks. The accompanying note makes ;> K»'idy dress, hut exhibit themselves in a loose, carbonic acid [fixed or foul air] the carbonic acid designation, but I select. If they will he of j easy ""inner on all the shoots ; and, with the green ly service to you, or to horticulture, I shall be ippy in presenting them to you. Yours, respectfuHv, AMBROSE STEVENS. New York, April 30, 1829. [Ill sscriplionby J. W. Stevens, of Genesee, N. Y. who transinitled them to Ambrose Stevens, to be presented to some Horticulturist. " The Genesee larger wild plum is not subject be affected by worms in the roots. It is an ex- lleift stock for peaches, plums, &c. into which ey may he successfully budded in the proper \ ison (.lune.) It is among the hardiest of forest '« ies, and very prohfic : propagating itself most undantly by the roots. I have peaches and li urns growing luxuriantly upon it. I have not "fe botanical name." N. B. The trees are growing well, and aiipcar be a variety of the Prunus Americana of Pursh synonymous with the Nigra of some authors — which I had some years since discovereil the hie, and have now about 20,000 regularly inoc- ited in my Nursery. W. P. Linnean Gai-di-n, Oei. 15, 1829. leaves pee()ing through this bloom, make the ap- pearance particularly pleasing. It is not, p-erhaps. a^"ter a certain time, is destroyed, and a certain (juantity of o.xygen is found in its place. If new quantities of carbonic acid gas be sui)plied the t-cnerally known that this tree, when in flower, ' same result occurs; so that carbon is added to ■itrikmgly resembles the Chionanthus or White ; [,|a„ts fi-om il,c air, by the process of vegetation Fringe tree in appearance, the flowers being of the in the sunshine; and oxygen is added to the at- saine character, and produced in a similar manner, i mosphere. Kit in far larger clusters. As the Chionanthus is j « This circiu.istance is proved by a number of sometimesinjuredinourmostnorthernclimates—: experiments, made by Dr's Priestlev, Iauen- tais beautiful Ash offers an admirable substitute, ; „ousz and WooDHOUSE,and M. T. de Saussure ; ai it supports the severest cold, and flourishes : ,„any of which I have repeated with similar re- \\ith as little care as the most common trees of s„its. The absorption of carbonic acid gas, and oir woods— it is yet very seldom met with in ! the production of oxygen are performed' by the .American gardens. Oct. 13, 1S29. TRANSPLANTING TREES. Ur Fessenden — I contemplate setting out ap- ple trees for an orchard this fall. — Much has been sail, about transplanting trees. I wish you would ; f]yij|J in the ceIN of tli ha.e the goodness to inform me through the me- I . , /■-i i r j ■. ■ c .i • . .i . ,. ,. " , = ! part of the leaf ; and it is from this part that oxv- d! Ill or your paper, what season of t le vear voii • i i j • .i n- i ' -' '. -oojii ui j.cai yuit jgj,,j g.jg jg produced during the presence of light. M. Sennebier Ibiind tiiat the leaf, from which the epidermis was stri])ped off, continued to produce leaf; and le!av.v recently separated from the tree effect the ch'«Hif;e, wlien confined in portions of air containing carbonic acid : and absorb carbonic acid and produce oxygen even when immersed ill water holding carbonic acid in solution. " The carbonic acid is probably absorbed by the reeu or jiarenchyinatous cowfuler best for the purpose, spring or fall. Wo:ild the trees live if it were done when the ground is frozen ? Yoiii-s, respectfully. , ^s-w/ieW, Con., Oct". 5, 1839.-^^ B. :i J. B.JIUSSELL, Dear Sir — 1 think it proper to notice some ints relative to certain plants, which, from not generally known to Horticulturists, oftei (,|iise misconceptions — and if you consider them sufficient importance, I will notice similar vari- ous, as time may permit, in as few words is ssible, as my engagements will not allow me to ite very fully on the subject. The Robinia viscosa, or Pale Red flowering A^a- , (sometimes called Pur[)le Acacia) the first sea- * 1 it is transplanted, generally produces very )ale wers, sometimes nearly white, and resumes the [ural color the ensuing year, when established its new i)osition. 4 Blackish and deep purple Roses, of the hardy ids, frequently produce flowers that are only the first season, and attain tlieir proper color 1*1 next year, as above stated. The Double White flowering Hawthorn pro- les flower^,; which, at expansion, are white, but mge to reil and purple aftersvards Thence ne persons who have seen it in the latter stages Ilk they have seen a Double Red flowering one, -! I send to Nurseries for the Red or Scarlet one, •a ich is only a single Jlowering vai'iuty. It thence 'Iiues that their own niisconceixion leads to a loosed error of the person from whom they ob- led it. Yours, respectfully. Unnean Botanic Garden, i WM. PRINCE. ' October 7, 1829. I OR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. INFLUENCE OF TREES IN PURIFYING AIR. Among the supposed causes of the prevalence of contagious diseases in a certain village, was. oxygen when placed in water, containing carbo- nic acid g;i^jjjii5ii'.;.he globules of air rose from the denuded pa'iviicliy'ma ; and it is shown both from the experiments of Sennebier and Wooilhouse, tliat the leaves most abundant in parcncjiyiiiatous parts |)roduce most oxygen in water impregnated with carbonic acid. " Some few plants* will vegetate in an artificial atmosphere, consisthig principally of carbonic the removal at once of a coiisiilerable number of 1 1<^'''> 'I'l^' '"""y ^^'1' f('"w some time in air, con- forest trees, thus preventing the absorption of nn- 1 '"'"'Hb f'*^"" "'"^"''^'f to one-ihiiil ; but they are wholesome exhalations from decomposed vegeta- j '1"^ so healthy as when su])|,ried with smaller quan - ble substance.*, which before were either inhaled i titles of this elastic substaiiee. or neutralized by these tree.s. From one reflec- | " Plants exposed to light have been found to tion to another, I was led to wish that erperiments \ produce oxygen gas in an elastic medium, and in might be made in green houses of the effects of ! ""itPi") containing no carbonic acid gas ; but in different degrees of miasmata, produced by the I <]n^ntities much smaller than when carbonic acid decomposition of various vegetable and animal S?'^ wi^ l""6!'ent. substances — choosing among the vegetable sub- I " I" tl"* ''aik no oxygene gas is jiroduced by stances those producing aroma. | plants, whatever be the elastic medium to vviiich Among your readers there may be some one | they are exposed ; and 4io carbonic acid absorbed, who has leisure and 0[)portunity to try the experi- 1 1" 'no*'' cases, on the contrary, oxygen ga.s, if it ment on fruits and flowers. If not, the article 1 ^f present, is absorbed, and carbonic acid gas is may be copied into other journals, and at last find Produced one person curious enough to try the experiment, and willing to communicate its results. On the above theory, may we not account for the luxuriant vegetation found in.some spots, where the soil is ajiparently destitute of nourishment ? And may it not account for the vegetation form- ing on the lava, thrown out of the craters of Italy .' W. Remarks by the Editor. — Dr Priestley made a number of experiments, which led him toroncliide that growing vegetablcs,under certain circumstan- In the changes that take jilace in the compo- sition of the organized parts, it is probable that saccharine conqioiinds are principally formed du- ring the ab.seiice of light ; gnm, woody fibres, oils; and resins, during its presence ; and the evolution of carbonic acid gas, or its formation during the night may be necessary to give greater solubility to certain compounds in the plant. I once sus- pected that all the carbotiic acid gas produced by nf..nno.-ieil to tbis iileu ; uiiil i found ibiit a |icr- wish has been duly and properly respei-lcd, lliejuf <;i-n. Dearborn, whirh were received »mi fcclly healthy plant of celery, placed in u given I preservation of the willow becomes u duty ncurly ' great satisliiciiun by the company. portion of air for a few liours oidy, orcasioned fl:|^8 sarred as that of the tomb. Tliere is every, A sentiment fuvornble to tlic Ma.cgochusLi production of carbonic acid gas, and an absorption! probability that some calculntinfj jobber m snuff- ; A^'riiultiiral Society, was responded in a hniii of oxygen. boxes ami relics may be at the bottom of the BUg- i|ia„(„r by Jobu C. Gray, Ksij. a member of tb "Some persons have supposed that plants ex- gestion ; but it is liopcil that the band of aulhori- 1 u,,;,,,!. pose.l in the free atmosphere to the-viris.-it.is, consume ^ min.l appears an act of sacrdege." j,^ ,,„„„^,.j „,^„ ^y^. „„.,,,, ^^,.^ ^„ .^^^^ more oxygen than they produce, and that their t Capl. Jacob Smith of Newport, K. T. viho ba8[ „„.a„s of commuMication with it for the a.lva... perma.i.'i.t agency upon air is .•^iinilnr to that of ,,p^.„ ^^.^,.^,,1 voyages of lute years to .-^l. Helena,! „„.,„ „r „ „„,„„/ jmcrest, and incensed facih. animals, and this opinion is espoused by the writer i,r„ught home soimc scions plucked from this tree,l ,., „„erroiirse with her citizciK for the promoi. on the subject I have just.pioted, in hir. ingenious g„,„^, „,• „,|,i,.,, ^,^ |,;„„ted in his own ganlen, andL,- „ur oicn enjoyment. researches on vegetation. But all the expnimenti ,,,g ,^^, ,,^. ^,,,^6 ,o Wm. Prince, Ks'). Pn.prietorl On announcing this scmiment, Mr Otis addr.- brought forward in favor of tins idea, and I'artic- J ^f ,1,^ Linnean Garden of New York, and lhey,e,| ,|,e cnipnnv in a happv ami appropiiute ma, ulurly his experiments, have been made under cir- ^ ^^e now flourishing in boll, places. They ajipear'ne,^ .onchMling with the lidlowinp sentiment :- cumslances unfavorable to accuracy of result. ,„ ^e ,,itlerei.t from the iWix iiaty/o,nV« in con.: The substanlial Yeomanry of Iht County of He The plants have been confined and siipplieil with ,„„„ cultivation among us, but belong to the enme ^cf^Ur food in an unnatural manner; and the i'lHueii'-e ^ipucics. We notice it is called Sutix Mipoleonn, of light upon ihcm has been very much diminish- , ;„ fi^ London catalogues, and is cliarged there at ed by the nature of the media tlirmigh which 'tjnhigh price. Ed. passed. Plants confined in limited portions of at- . mospheric air soon become diseased ; their leaves CATTLE SHOWS, F.XIIIBITIONS OF M.\N. decay, ami by their decomposition they rapidly IJFACTL'ltKS, &;c. destroy the oxygen of the air. In some of the J These arc so mimeroiis, that we shall find i; early experiments of Or I'riestley, befiire he was necessary to give abri(l<,ed notices of such matteii acipiainted with the agency of light upon leaves,, relating to them as may be thought most interest- air that had supported combustion and respiration, i iiig, or out of the common routine of similar aiini- was found purified by the growth of plains when vcrsuries. they were expositd to it for successive days and nights ; anil his experiments are the more iinex- ccplionable, as the picnts in many of them grew ' I'rinces and Kings may floorish or may fade, A breath may make them, as a tircnih ba.s made, Hut a tK)ld yeomanry — their country's pride, \\ lifiii once destroy 'd. can never l>e supplied. ' The neighboring Covnly of Middlistz — wi whost! society of llusbandmeii novf eiigagctl the celeljrati'Jii of their own anniversary — \re i cipiijcate the congratulations of the occasion, fornier times we took a part of their territory make up our own proportions. We rejoice in t opportunity of exhibiting in the presence of th distingiit.shed Representative, fruits of the fidel wiih which we have cultivated it. Here the Hon. Mr Everett rose and address the conipsiiiy as follows: — Mr Presiilent — It is my duty, as well on own belralf, as on that of the Agriciillun.l Socii to which you have alludeil, of which I ima me her, and of the people whom 1 have liie honor WORCESTER CATTLE SIIOW^ [Extn.rted and Hl.ri' represent in the national hgislatiire, to returi when till! leaves of vegetables perforin their coinbiiiiiig the beauty of sty le, the sprightlincss of! grateful acknowledgment li>r the sentiment j healthy functions, they tend to purify the atmo- i wit, and the intelligence of experience and accu- prniionnccil. I may say, with my friend, the h sphere in the common variations of weather, and | rate observation, was delivered in a very aecepta- chaifos from light to darkness." Indeed, we be- ble manner, by Wim.iam Lincoi.m, I^sq. of Wor- lievc there are very few facts nhttiiig to vegetable ccsler. The dinner, provided by Mr liimnisti r, physiology, whitrb are more clearly ascertaiiieil was a scene of tincnmmoii pleasantry tmd iiitiresl. than this, viz. Vegetables flourishing, in a healthy His Excellency Gov. Lincoln presided in liis liap- itate, produce pure air, but decaying, anmh from fan her damage b\ the weight of' the willow pressing upon it. Ittii this daiifi;.'!', which, as yet, iloes not appear to cx- tenil beyonil the part of the riiiliiig iliiit has route in coiiti'ct with one ^iile vf the tree, is not entitled to ni'K-lt atientiiKi, " ll !•< not, liinvevcf, 10 be fiirirniti-ii, that it wn'J iIiIk iilettlicul willow that scrveil to fix and giiidt The following were among the Toasts given at the dinner. C'Mte Shows and .'Igricullural Soculies — I.iki- the iiilliienco of good men nn siM-iely, they iiii- fell in lite iinproveitieiit and amelioration aripiitid lltiun, rather than seen in iniposiiig eflbrts ami splendiil results. Rotation of good Crops — Never obtained by a succession of rnic hands. Tin" " improliialilit scrvattt" of the Bible could have been no farmer, or he wonlil have known that c/i!rg"i'ig' >» the enrlh, inslead of being ilic way ofliiiliitg hisliirilN money, was the surest way lher county, attending here by invitati to p-opose a sentiment conveying a wish tor soi ibin^r lending to the prosperity and ailvantage till! liti/ens of the town or county of Worccs Itiil leally. Sir, you seem already to have evt ihing itlioul you, that heart can desire. The lage yiii inhabit seems to unite the ailvantnges i llie aliractions both of city anil country — a : »{ vrli! in nirc. — It is the capital of a county, i tniidy among the first ngrii'idiuritl districts of ^ Englanil ; and where we have just been toM, i ■digging ill the soil is the surest way of doiili your capital.' It is connecteil by n line of ar ciiil navigalion, with an exceeilingly enli rpii; commercial nietroptilis lui the sea board, destii I trust, to a growth anil pros|icrity proportioned her entcrprize. And on this line of artificial c> mniiicniion are fKiiiid the !7ieatest fncililies fur Jl irtirntlnrr and .Ogriculturf — Sislcrs of the { piirsnii of t\py connexion with each otirer ? — I am grat- ed with the belief, that this community is of the Ijiinie feeling, and is friendly to that pcdicy and lose measures, which aim to bring the several iterests and the remote sections of the country J Bo closer union for the good of all. As a citi- »n of that part of the commonwealth, which, in respects has been usually considered to have le advantage of position, I am almost led, by the ate of thmgs here, to advance as an argument fa\or of the great railroad enterprise, not that will give to land in the remotest parts of the ommonwealth, the value of that near Boston,. r, lit that it will make our land as valuable as yours. Sir, I beg leave to jiropose — The great interests the State — Agricutture, Commerce., and Manu- letures — and success to all measures tending to nite them. The piircfiase of Texas — We guess Uncle Sam ■,,i id better take care of what land he has got he- re lie buys any more farms on speculation. A pmiecling Tariff — Some call it a Yo'u Cut tbi-y wdl try it fairly \\\l\\o\i\.frelting, they will nd it altogether easier to work in, than the old ( jllar and chains which they fireviously drew by. The 24 Callle Team which Uncle Sam drives — ive them a chaiis to draw by, that will not break, id we challenge the world to beat them at a ugh pull. Worcester County and Rhode Island — Like the lamese twins, united by a chord that cannot be vered with safety to either. Of the volunteer sentiments, we copy a few : — By the Hon. Mr Welles, of Boston. The 'rntor — Whose good sense hs^ been instrn.tive, id whose wit has added to the pleasures of the By the lion. Mr T.\kt. The Memortj of John rown, Esq. fo.rmerly of Providence — The distiii- lished projector of the sparkling eliain that binds li.ssoliibly the agricultural and manufiicturing iterprise of the County of Worcester to the no 3s distinguished conunercial enterprise of the pital of his native State. By a gentleman who had been invited as a jj lest, but was prevented from being present. The Memory of Col. Dtvid Humphreys — Good asoldiiM', a poet, and a diplomatist, and excellent an agriculturist ; for be was the first who ought to his country a flock of o?ie hundred meri- sheep. Further particulars hereafter. number of entries was 78. An insi>ection left no doubt that the husbandmen of the county bad at tended to improve their breeds of native animals, as well as to import the best of foreign origin. More than 120 articles were presented for ex- hibition. Among these were counterjianes, flannels, broadcloths, carpets, hearth-rugs, together with fiiitr fabrics, specimens of the ingenuity of enter- prising and industrious ladies. " Tlie White Sinclair Beef, and Purple Egg Plant, both brought by Capt. Daniel Chandler of Lexington, deserve attention. The Sinclair beet is easily raised in our gardens. The leaves are abundant and tender for greens, and the stalks or stems of the leaves, if cooked in the same way, are as tender and sweet as asparagus. The Egg I'lant, too, is easily raised, and is almost a new vt'getablc-among tis. But in New York and other parts of the country it has long been in use, and is in high estimation." A specimen of fine cider was offin-ed by Mr .Jonathan Rice of Marlboro. " It was lively, sparkling, and agreeable to the taste; and bad none of that vile brandy twang, wliich annoys us wUen drinking other bottled ci- der; and which often induces ns to inquire what proportion of brandy and gin may be used in the composition of what is called cider." The e.vercises in the mectiug-house were short and appropriate. Mr Robinson's address occupied less than half an hour, and was happily adapted to the occasion. It showed the dignity and im- portance of agriculture ; and was received with great satisfaction by the Society. The Society .-ubse(|uently raised a committee to request the favor of a copy for the press ; a request which we hojie the orator will feel willing to grant. The annual choice of officers took place in the Court Room, and not at the Bliddlese.x Hotel, as had been previously notified. This arrangement enabled the Society to get through the business at -»H early hour, and we think it the best course to be adopted in future. Premium 07i Farms. — The Committee rm Farms have awarded the first premium of §40, to Mr Augustus Tuttlc of Concord, for the most im- proved and best cultivated Farm ; anil the second premium of $25 to Mr Nathaniel S. Bennett of Framingham, fiir the next best. CONCORD (M.iss.) CATTLE SHOW. [E.xtracled and ahridgcd from ihu Ycninau's Gazelle ] This festival was held on the 7th inst. At the 'u oughing Match eleven single, and five double ims contested fir the premiums. Their work lone with neatness and despatch, and the misters made hut little noise or bustle. The al of strength of the working oxen was a spe- j tien of good discipline in the oxen, and of skill their drivers. The teamsters made their oxen inprehend their duty without .>ipeakiiig to them, if they were destitute of hearinjr. The exliibi- ■ n of animals was better than last year. The Fiom the Amsterdam Senliiiel. CIDER. Now is the season to make and lay up a suffi- cient cpiantity of this salutary beverage. With a little extra care, every farmer may hav« a suffi- cient quantity, by observing the followif:g direc- tions : — 1. In picking up the apples, reject every one that is unripe, or in the least rotten. 2. Take care that the casks are clean and free from must or acidity. Hogsheads are preferable to barrels, in which to preserve cider. 3. When the apples are ground, the pomace should remain at least twenty-four hours, before it is pii on the press. 4. Wli'-n the cider lias run from the press into the receiving tub, let it be strained through a wool- en blanket, and be immediately put into a stroni: cask, make the bung fast, and remove it into the cellar; here give it no more vent than is absolute- ly necessary to prevent the cask from bursting, let it remuin quiet until New Year's, then let it be racked off from the lees into another good hogs- head, into which put a pound and a half of alum, and six or eight ounces of hops. Let it be corked tight, and entirely excluded from the air. With this small expense, farmers may have pleasant cider throughout the year, without the cost and trouble of bottles. AGRICOLO. THE WITCH HAZEL. Making a short excursion from the village a few days since, we were struck with the singular appearance of the witch hazel. In the midst of falling leaves of every hue, crimson and yellow predominating, and many t thersymiitoms of tlio ' dying year,' ibis remarkable shrub was seen loaded with a profusion of gay flowers ; these were contrasted with evidence that in other re- spects it shared the fate of the greater part of ve- getation at this season. On some of its branches a few leaves still lingered, partially changed from the green to the autumnal dye ; others were en- tirely divested of these summer appendage.*, pre- ' senting to the eye a ruggeil limb adorned at inter- vals with bunches of small yellow flowers. It might be vliat the coldness of the season had re- larded the appearance of these blossoms ; but in that case we thought it strange that they put forth at all, ai'd were not checked effectually by the action of the frost on their tender buds. It is no such thing, however, as we learn. Instead of it being late for the witch hazel to be arrayed in this pretty style, it is in fact early It often exhibits the same capricious fancy amid the snows of No- vember, when every other wild flower has yielded to the chilling blast, except here and there a soli- tary gentian or snap-dragon. So hardy is this late otrs|iring of veg(s||itive power. The nuts (for the Witch as well as the Filbert hazel produces this sort of fruit) come to maturity, it i- said, in the following spring and smnnier, but are good for nothing. The only use of the shrub that we can hear of, except to catch a straggler's atteniinn at this season of the year, is, to furnish the diviner with the implements of his art. In his ban. Is, its virgaled branches, severed from the parent trunk, are thought to point infallibly to buried treasure or veins of inineral wealth, wherever concealed, whether in the earth's bowels, or in the poc/ff/s of the credulous dupe who trusts to its power. Hence probably its name. — Saco Pal. TAKE CARE OF YOUR ASHES! The careles(j«eS*of many persons in disposing of ashes taken not from the hearth, and contain- ing, as they generally do, a quantity of embers and live coals, renders this caution highly neces- sary. But a few nights since, had it not been fi>r the timely discovery of the flames by the Watr h, a dwelling hniise, and perhaps a whole neighbor- hood, would have been consumed in consequence of putting hot ashes into a wooden box. Some are in the habit of I niting their ashes in old flour barrels and the like — a short time since, we saw a vessel of this kind deposited in the corner of a neighbor's wood house! into which ashes taken hot from the fire were inconsiderately thrown. And we are sorry to learn that some of our im- mefliate neighbors are in the habit of using a half bushel for this [lurpose, and when filled, of setting it among the shavings and other combustibles of a lumber room. These things should be looked to. — American Farmer. NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 16, 1929. I anil Hcoin to excel more in tlicse il<|i!iitriicnt» tliun I wliicli, lii« own liands had ile|iot.itPd \h tlie wi [Ai the Inji moiulily incciii.g ofihe New York Horiicultiiral , "' ll'e kilL-lifii garden. ]u some kinds of Irnits, ! spot where it now grows, it si;emed to ine that 1 jociciy, ilic li.llowiiiu leiicr was rcaa from Mr \\m. Wilson, las the Peafh and Melon, and |)s most of the I disi>liiyf:d a di'ijroc of hearttelt iirn('lio^se!o nothing in the neigliborhood of New York to be of our Ilorticidiiiral Societies, are not only csic compared to them, if we except one or two nt i hiled to increase the ijuanljiv and improve tl qualities of the most heautiful ns well as usel to VICINITY Ol' HOriTON. IC 1.1! Sociciy who had l)ccn appuiiiind a li^liii'g "cw fact tio'n from the Battery, is owing to the stately ver- ^"''J'>'=' «" emine.itly connected with the welfi dure of the woods and trees that everywhere adorn the surrounding shores. Millions of dollars could not produce such vast and magnificent land- scape scenery, were the proprietors of these shores to strip the banks of their umbrageous verdure. Is it not owing lo mere accidental circumstances that such a rich profusion of the greatest of all ih ; beauties of inanimate creation siirronnds onr city in every direction .■' In this respect we far excel the almost naked shores of the north and eastern presents a beautiful aspect, and from the great va- environs of the city of Boston rieiy of its brnken, yet gently diversified surfiicc. It ought to be recorded to the itnntoital honor of presents, in all diiei-tion, the most cliarniing sites j the inhabita'its of Dorchester. Ho.xbiiry of our coniinon country I nni of opinion that two great errors ho been committed, either of which was snflicient frustrate the nnderlaking: the first was, in pla ing the Eurojiean stock of \iiies, a delicate pla raised in a milder Leinisphere, which to this c can only be cultivated in the well sheltered sin tions of our gardens, or the inclosed yards of < cities. The severity of our winters, the 1 frosts, the sudden chang'-s in the atmosphere at times of the year, and, I believe, a much grca number of insect.s, nnist have destroyed tli &c to I ''"I'*"* "f o yearly crop in open fields. for beautiful villus. The naliiial characteristic of | the south and west of the city, that the whole of this part on its inlii iiants to gaihcr and bring fiirwanl s.impleg fruit, and mark the vine>, it would soon prove I greotot sonre of happiness lo the hnsbandin and the country. I commenced my collection vines riglil years ago, from llie surrounding tnoi lains of Wcsi Poini ; the fruit of tin of i r pointed lo a majesiic liilip tree, at ' rieiies I had ihe honor to prt sent to the llnrtic^ if which, he had hiin-elflieeii an ac- iiiriil Society of New York for tin ir annitenn In- live assistant, and to ii hciiuliful oak, lliu acorn of I dinner. It is not for to say if they Wf Vol. VIII.— No. 13- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 101 thy of their accepthiice or cultivation; an en- •tened ])iihhc has seen them. j>h>nte(l two acres of it last spring, and will nt again this fall : but if the results of my ex- ments, or opinions, should prove to be at vari- e with that of others, let them piibli.-h their? — ,vill enable the agricultural societies of the '» ntry to gather all the facts, and bring the sub- to a proper focus. With the hope of its siic- , I have the honor to remain Your ob't luunblc servant. THOMAS GIMBREDE. Professor of Draiving, U. S. M. Academy. ' 'rinciph of Life in Seeds. — Sometime ago, the isian Ilorticultmal Society proposed the fol- ing question : — "Is it true that the seeds of the on and cucumber are more ju-oductive after ing been kept for some years ? " In most of answers it was said that the seeds of the pre- ng year produced more leaves, but not so ma- ruitful flowers. Some who made experiments, d of obtaining any plants from seeds more 12 years old. A gentleman of Drebken oil- ed fruit of large size and excellent flavor from s that had been kept 20 years. In Berlin, same result was obtained. Voss, head gar- er of Sans Souci, planted, Feb. 7, 1827,24 Is of a Spanish melon raised in 1790, from h he obtained S fruitful jilants. — Rochester ublican. NEW Er^GLAND FARMER. Ifi OSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1829. DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT. oung farmers, beginning housekeeping, are III to sink too great a proportion of their capital irniture, riding horses, carriages, &c. and often up to, or beyond their income. Farmers, to ure, should live quite as well as other men, of 0 same property ; and they have the means of ig better than others, possessing the same linal income, so far as the substantial comforts fe are concerned. But small savings are of tl) it coMsecpience to persons just setting out in A cent a ilay, is $3,65 a year. — Ten cents ,|ky, (a moderate allowance for dram drinkers,) fj|iore than $36 a year. A prudent farmer will lij veil, every cent he lays out for trifles relating jii is daily expenditures which* can be dispensed , without an essential abridgment of his coin- i|[^, to calculate, in his own mind, what that sum Id aniDUiit to in a year. The aggrej^ate will reater than he could have anticipate;r it to exceed lo^rtain sum for bought articles, weekly. An an- sum shoidil be allotted for clothing, and the onal expenses of the farmei", his wife and iJlren, which ought not to be exceeded. The le allotted expense, should be consiilerabK in the probable receipts ; and if possible, one- th of the income annually received, shoidd be up for contingencies, or expended in extra iJrovements on the farm." ,11 '6 PLANTING FRUIT TREES. efl Wards the last of this month, you may gen- « ly transplant most kinds of fruit trees, but not till after they have shed their leaves. This, ac- cording to M'Mahon, may also be done to advan- tage during the whole of next month, if the sea- son continues open, provided the groimd in whicli you plant be dry, and does not lodge water in the winter months ; and likewise suflicicnt pains be taken to make each tree fast in its ])tace, by nail- ing or binding it in such a tnanner as not to be rocked about by the winds : otherwise spring planting, if done early in March, [or April in New England] will be more successful particularly for the peach, nectarine, and almond. Perhaps the best mode of dealing with fruit trees is that practised by Elias Phinney, Esq. of Lexington, Mass. one of the most succesful culti- vators in New England. In his reply to certain queries of the Hon. Mr Lowell, and others, con- stituting a Committee of the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Society, published in the N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. page 122, Mr Phinney observes," Most of my trees were taken from the nursery in Novem- ber, the roots jdaced in trenches, and covered with dirt until the following s])ring. This was done to avoid the necessity of setting them out before the ground had become warm and dry. Ifleft in the nursery till spring, they are seldom or never taken up until the sap has begun to flow. When re- moved after this takes place, the check occasioned by the removal, if not fatal to the tree, often in- jures its future growth. The best time to take up trees is, unquestionably when the sap is least ac- tive. If taken up late in autumn, and the roots secured from the sun and air, they may he kept with perfect safety until the midille of May, and planted out at this time with proper care, and as near the surface as possible, vegetation commences almost instantaneously : they will not require to be supported by stakes, and willgrownearly as nmch the first, as in any future year." The following was intt^iuletl for the last paper, but deferrerl in order to make room for articles relating to the Brighton Cat- tle Show, &c. GARDENER'S WORK FOR OCTOBER. Gardeners are too apt to suspend the use of the hoe, and other means of keeping the upper hand of weeds too early in autumn. In consequence of this piece of negligence, purslane, pigweed, couch grass, and other vegetable intruilers, give a very troublesome practical exemjtlification of the old adage, that " Lazij folks take the most pains." Eve- ry weed which escapes extirpation, becomes the parent of a numerous progeny of pestiferous plants, which spring up like the heads of the Hydra of fabulotis lore, and monopolize the soil at the ex- pense of everything which is good for anything. Let, therefore, the provident tiller recollect, that a scratch of his hoe in time, will save nine. But, we will give a little rhyming, (not poetrvl on this subject, with the hope that the similarity of sounds, at the close of our couplets, will aid the memory of those for whose use the maxims are intended. Since the best way of weedins; Is to prevent weeds from seeding, The least prncr.is!ination or any operation To prevent the semination Of noxious vegetation Is a source of tribulation. And this, in truth, a fact is, Which gardeners ought |.. p-r,clice, And tillers shnul.l remember, From April to December. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEK. NOTICE OF THE "SYLVANGE VERTE" PEAR IN ENGLISH, THE " GREEN SYLVANGE." Mr Editor — By some accident I omitted in my publication last spring, any proper notice of this admirable pear, perhaps one of the greatest acquisitions we have made ; of which, however, my horticultural friends will judge from the fol- lowing facts and history. I received scions only of this pear, from Mr Knight, \iuder the name of" Sijlvanche verte d'hy- t'fr," whicli means "Green winter Sylvanche." — Mr Knight's name for the pear was erroneous, as the Ibllowing history will shew, and it will not bo extraordinary to cultivators who know how soon names become changed, owing to the igno- rance and carelessness of gardeners, but, certain- ly not Mr Knight's carelessness. Before I give the account of the origin of this valuable pear, I will simply state its history, since its arrival here. I divided the scions, (for 1 had no tree) between myself and Mr Parsons. I had forgotten where I inserted them, but he had preserved the labels. Last year I had three very extraordinary jiears, of great size and uncommon excellence, and was at a loss what to call them. J gave one of them to S. DoWNEB, Esq. of Dorchester, who tasted it, when ripe, and admired its qualities. 1 thought, also, that it was a jiear of first rate excellence. This year, I had a peck of them of great size, and so unpromising in appearance, that an observer would suppose them to be a baking pear only. Just at this moment, yesterday, 1 received from Mr Parsons, the same pear, identical in form and a])pearance, and scientific description, assuring me that he received it, as the " Sylvanche verte d'hyver" from me as sent by Mr Knight. This led of course to an examination of all the accounts of the Sylvanche pear, audit resulted in perfect knowledge, that it is the " Sylvange verte," a native pear of France, growing near Verdun, a town fa- mous for the residence of many hundred English prisoners, seized by Bonajtarte on the breaking out of the war in 1802. I sttbmitthe following account from the London Horticultuial Transactions, vol. v. p. 429, given in a letter from Mons. Charles Francis Pierabd, a corresponding member of said Society. " There are three varieties of Sylvange pears. They derive their name from a smtill village of that name near Verdun." We shall copy only what he s.iys of the " Sylvange verte." " Of the Sylvanges, the Green is much prefera- ble, and ought to find a place in every good gar- den. It is a miildling sized pear [with us in America tin enormous one] vai-ying in its form. — It is usuttlly flattened towards the head, rounded towards the stalk, or terminated by a very blunt point. The fruit is a little svvoln towards the mid- dle, and irrigular in its outline ; the skin is of a bright green on the shaded side, of a dark green and he.'^piinkled v\it'i gray spots on the exposed side, — the whole of the skin is rough. anti marked with large black i r gray spots, — the stalk is short, slender, and placed oliI:(|uely in the fruit, by the side of a slight elevation, — the eye is small, and lies in a slightly depressed cavity, the edge of which is studded with several kiioh.=, — the flesh is sensibly green near the skin, wliite in the centre, sofr, saccharine, ajid of a peculitirly agreetible flavor. .-1 "Thi' Green Sylvange ripens in October, and keejis till the end of December. — Besides the ad- 102 M-:VV ENGLAND FAKiMER, On. 16. I's-.'^ vantage of not ro(li>ig siooti, like lliu IJeurn- il'Aii- gleterre, the Kpiiri;iir, &.c. Jtc. — illiusni.xo lliat of never Ix-iiig ijriily. — It ri-i|iiires a sheltered situa- tion, anil not a mron:? soil." Siieh is iMuns. 1'ierahd's Heirriplion of this now variety of natural pears. I have inriertetl it at large in onlir that cultivators niny know wlietli- cr the fruit holii to tlicni as this |><.-ar, is truly DUcli or not. 1 fei-l sure that Mr l*Aitsr)>M iiml myself have thirf'iilontical fruit. It ilitTirr.-i only in its «« — his wcif^hing 13 ounces, ami mine 11 — in all other res|iects, it ngroes with the dcsij-iplion. Its great fault is, that it hoars too exuherantly. It ri- pens well in our clinHile, and a tree of mediusn size would yield at least four Imrrels. .V stranger would suppose it to he u coarse fruit, hut from speriineiiS which 1 shall send to the Ilnrticultuial Soiriety of MassaclMisctis, 1 have no douht they will place it hy the siile of the Chaniuontelle, and St. Gfrmain. 1 now .send one specimen for in- spection to the Horticultural Society, though it will not he ripe till ahout Decendicr. .Mons. PiE- KARD says it ripens in Ocioher, and will keep till Decenilier. 1 am incliueil to hulieve this to he true, hccnuse one pear, out of a pock, lias nlreadij ripentd, though others are as hard as llie one now sent. J. LOWliLL. Jtoxbury, October 8, 1829. BRIGIITO.V ( VTTLR SHOW. The .\unual Kxhihitinu of Cattle, the I'louph- ing Match, &c. was helil at Brighton, on Wednes- day last. The day was unconnnonly pleasant, the collection of people larger than we ever he- fore witnessed on this occasion, and the Exhihi- tion as inicri'siiu^' as on any fnriner oicasion. At 2 o'clock the Society formed in proeession at their Hall, and moved to the nicetiiig house, where the premiums were declareil. Among the guests was the Hon. Francis (iranger, of Canaii- dai^na. New '^'ork. The suhscription premium of $100, for the best butter, not le.'^s than 300 His. wa.s not awarded. The conunittee rcpiu'ted that three entries only were made, and neither of these of a (pndity suf- ficienlly excellent to justify them iii awarding it. Live Stock. — The exhihiiioii in this department was very fine. Many of the pens were tilllslou's oxen weighed '2451 His.— one fniiii IJ. Hairin^lon wei;.'hing 1750 — one hull from Mr llarringion 1 yi'ar and 6 months old wei-hiiiL' 1091 — aline hull 15 months old. weigh- ing 109-2 Ih.s. from Win. Wortliinglon, of Dnr- chesiiT — a fine hull heloii'.'ing to the town of Caiiihridj;e, 3 years old, weijihiiig 1512— a hull from S. Conani, of CVuicord, weighing 10(30, imd a very fine one, weight not mentioned, Irom .Na- than .] — Win. Wortliinglon, of Dcinhester — J. Slickm-y, of Es- sex county — Mr Biitinck, of Concord — J. Battelle, of Do\er— /. Cook, Jr. of Dorchcbler — E. Sted- man, of Camhridge — IV-ter Paige, of Shirley — L. Hosnian, of Bedford — J. Coolidge, of \\ alertown, and J. Clark, of Charlestown. fine Cnlnts from E. Silshee, of Boston — J. LeinisI, of Roxliury — T. Williams, of Chelsea — C. Newhall, of Dorches- ter. Fine Bulls, other than those nientioned ahove, from Col. Jaipies, of Charlestown — T. Larned, of Watertown — S. Dudley, of Siillon — B. V. French, of Braintree — Beiij. P. Williams, of Rox- liury— Alfred Welles, of Dorchester. | Swi.sF. of superior sliajie, and perfect in the points which indicate fine animals of that descrip- tion, from J. Mackay, of Boston — C. .M. Barrett, ' of Conconl — J. Smith, of Newton — J. Rohhins, | of Watertown — John King, of .Medford — Win. Stone, of South Boston, (supcriiitendant of the : City Farm) — H. Martin, of Salem. I Shkep. — One ram and four ewes of the Dish- ley, or New Leicester breed, from John Prince, ' Es(|. of Roxhury — one full blooded Dishley ram • from Col. Jaipies — three full blooded Dishley sheep from Stephen Williams, of Northboro. | IIoRSKS — One from S. Williams, Esq. of No-tli- horo, and one from a gentleninii of Westboro, the " Sportsman," sired hy the Arabian horse Basso- rah — dam, .Sportsniistress — six years old. Specimens of superior vegetables were |)re- sented by John Prince, E.sq. of Roxbnry — hy Mr Stone, stiperintendant of the City Farm, at South Boston — by IMr Hustings, of Lexington, and others whose names we could not ascertain. For the following details we are indebted to the Editor of the Patriot: — In the Society's Hall, the exhibition of fancy articles was smaller than last year. We noticed a liaiidsonic rug workeil by Miss Coi'delia T. Cutter, 11 years of age, at Miss Giili- ker's .scliool, Deriic-strcet . nn elegant cotton vidvet fruit piece by Miss Adeline Woodhnrn, and a cotton counterpane by Miss Rebecca Woodburn, of South Salem ; black lace veils, by Miss Sarah Bracken, at Miss Harris' School, Cambridgeport, and by Miss L. Davis, Boston ; a wrought collar, by Miss M. Skinner, Needhnni ; some neat bead work, by .Misses Eliza Curtis, aged 10, Lucy F. Brigham, 11, and Charlotte D. Eiidicolt,all at Miss Brigham'sschool, Cambridgeport. Some beaiitiliilly wrought tor- toise shell combs, hy Win. B. Swift, at J. Davis' manufactory, Boston. There were some palm leaf hats, wrought double, but we did not learn where made. Linen diaper, by Mrs Luther Hunter, Oakham : (lannel, by Siliel \\ilt Ollice," bran.l.d, and painted o\er, tbe letters gilt, and anotlur " Cohasset and Hull," simply liriinded and the oil er surface painted white, by Stanley Carter, IliiiL'hnm. for which agraliiitvof ,*20 wasawanhd. Mr Aiken of Drai iilt, exhibited several iii^'cni- ous iiivenlious which he has paleuted ; one of these was for splitting straps of leather to any de- L'rce of thickness for braiding, thongs, &c. .An apparatus is attached to it whereby lealhir may hi- ^liiivcd linrlliiis in a greater or less degree, for shoe makers, price iSI ; also a saw-set, to ri'^'ulate with exactitude the teeth of n saw, and a machine (ir cutting scions from trees, and other p'lrp <" .Si me •' Recnl Files" were exhibited, made h :.- Rteves, Old Lace Factory, Watertown. Boiiie fine specimens of silk were cxhibitei rk- J. H. Cobb, of Dedham, in single and doubh eo.jiis, in the dlHerenl stages of inamilaclure, i- alio made into elegant fringe tassels, coiiiL with worsted. We noticed some fine specimens of Ainei silk. Among several extraordinary produc of the earth, were some lemons from a tree it fs ^.T-en hoii.te of the late Hon. Timoihy Bigi of Meilford, some of them 17 inches in ti liTcnce. This tree is one of the grealCbl CLA.M) rABBt.R. MANUFACTURE OF FLANNEL ]\ MONT. JIr Rusbfll — It is a great satisfaction to t he able to inform you that I have at length ceeiiej in tinding a person, even in yoi Slate, who was willing to move to Verinoiu carry on tbe Uuiinel biiBincss. His factory :- in operation. This day, for llie first liiiu team starts for Boston with a load of Bum liale.s. The factory will in a few weeks l>c ii o|ieration, designed to maiiufaijure three sand yards per week. This is not very gic your vicinity, but is u good beginning for Bj ^ Vermont. Von will recoiled that 1 lia\e times been of an opinion that it was best I' iiiaiiulactiirer to estahli.-h him -elf in the !■ of the country. The saving in expense oi' ' jirjvileges, bnilding.s, &.c. and the savi.ig ii daily expenses, will much more than |iay ft to and from market. Yours, trnlv, HENRY STEVEN Bamet, Stevens Village, Oct. 13, 1S29. Brighto.n Market .— Monday, Oct. 12. (Rcpnrii^l fur ilir ClirmiicV ami Pmrio'.) Caltle — 1672 at market. The market was brisk niid active throughout the day, and a deal of linsiness was done ; the prices we bt not varying materially from the last two or i wei'ks, ■•xeepl in good cattle. .\ few unconii ly line rattle were .sold as high as So 50 per The biirrdUrs move but moderately, and sect willing to depart from their fixed rates. S/itc/j— 2172 at market — not .so many i more than 1000 as at any preceding day July 6. Nearly all sold, and at a small ad\ on former prices ; a niimher of lots liowev. tl in ipiahiy were sold at about $1 per head small lot of prime Wethers bronghl *3 50 ; i qualities from .*2 down to $1 25 per liond. ,S'iri)if — 1070 at market. Considerable ncs- was done in the Swine trade. The lidlo' lots comprise the principal transaclioiis — 1 I 150, X\ ; 1 do. 161, 3'} ; 1 do. 75, 35 ; 1 d... 3 I ts. K small lot of old Hogs, ',\\, and a Slioats, hy retail, nt 4 u 4J els. |ior lb. John Reniiie, Esq. of Phantii.ssie. the pn' nuriciilliirist in Scotland, has liilely faileil. amount ot" cnest Seckle pears of the season. om Mr Warren of Weston, specimens of a fine red autumnal apple, of agreeable flavor — vith a dozen local names. It is thought to be American Nonpareil of Mr Prince, of Long d, and the Red Doctor Apple of some other eries. om Jacob Patch of Camden, Me. specimens native pear of medium size, wiich originated in place. lecunens of fine fruits and vegetables were of- I by Dr IIolbromk of Milton, Messrs Winships righton, and Dr Store a of Boston, r E. W. Bull of Hartford has politely forward- specimen of the "Buck grape," described in New England Farmer, vol. vii .page 409. — They be examined at the Hall tomorrow, idge BuEL of Albany has shipped for the Mass. Society, a barrel of Potatoes, of three fine !, (the Foxite, Mercer, and Pink eye) lor dis- ition among the members, for seed — also one e box of fruit, containing 33 of the rarest varie- cultivated, for examination —(These have not irrived, but are daily expected.) Edwards, Esq. of Springfield, has shipped for Kociety, two barrels and one box of fine seedling * .toes, a new and very early variety of Corn, &c. he table, for distribution among the members. — Edward's articles have not yet ariived — We I next week publish the letters of Judge Buel Mr Edwards, accompanying and describing very handsome donations: Splendid Plants. For sale by tlie Proprietor of the Linntean Botanic Garden, the following collection of Camellias, which comiiriscs all the newest varieties, many of which are very remarkable for their splendor. Those priced at 15 to ^\S, cost the proprietor ^'^e guineas each ; and many others from three to four guineas. The prices are now greatly reduced, in consequence of the plants being mucli increased ; but, owing to the universal admiration which this plant has received, and its requiring so little care, and enduring without injury a great degree of cold, the demand has hitherto boon very great. The proprietor has at all times very large quantities to supply wholesale orders ; and his present collection e-xceeds 3500 plants, which he is rapidly increasing. Single red camellia, or Japan rose, 1 to ^2, single white fragrant, seniidouble red, double red, double white, double pink, or niiddlemist, double striped, long leaved single. The prices of the above eight kinds are, viz. Plants one year ingrafted, 3 dollars, two ' ' 4 ' three ' ' (in strong flowering state) 5 dollars. Double crimson, purple anemone flowered, or warratah, pompone, or Kew blush, red preony flowered, bufi", maiden's blush, or Hume's blush, fragrant myrtle leaved, blotched leaved, Lady Bank's tea leaved. The prices of the above eight kinds are, viz. Plants, one year ingrafted, 3 dollars and 50 cents, two ' ■ 4 ' 50 ' three ' ' (in strong flowering statej 5 dollars and 50 cents. Double blush tea leaved, superb (5 to .fl8, white prpony flowered, $8, Lady Campbell's, $8, starry or six angled, 8 to ',f 10, scarlet, ti to $8, shell flowered, (i to $8, axillary flowered, 10 to $12, fringed white, 10 to $12, single white oil bearing, $G, large nerved, 8 to SftlO, variegated anemone flowered, .f 1.">, Knight's do. do. $15, white do. do. .fl5, Alton's large single red camellia, $15, Holly- hock flowered, .'j!l8, aucuba leaved, 8 to $19, Chiindler's striped warratah, .$18, coral flowered, $18, cluster flowered, .$15, Grcville's red, 5 to $11, laro-e flowerimr, $15, dwarf, $15, splendid flower- ed, $18, Lady Long's, $15, nepaul, $20, Chi- na rose, $15, Ross' superb, $18, spathulate, $15, large stamened, $12, pink warratah, $15, Wood s superb, $15, yellowish white, $15, change- able, $8, Harrison's new rose, $10, fulgent flowering $15. fCrOrders fjr any of the above plants received by J. B. RossKLL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. .52 I\cirth Mai ket Street, Boston, and faithfully executed. Oct. 10. 3t Grape Vines. The subscriber offers for sale Grape Vines of several varieties, the produce of his own garden ; among them are the following : — 300 Isabellas, some now in bearing, only 2 years old ; (iOO do. one year old ; 300 white Muscadine, from 2 to 3 years old, many now in fruit ; Black Cape ; Queen ; Early Oval ; Black Hamburg ; Napoleon ; Malaga, &c. &c. Application, by letter or otherwise, will receive im- mediate attention, and if required, the vines will be packed in such manner as to ensure their safely for any reasonable lime or distance. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jk. Oct. 9. 4t 7h, Congress-street. jVeu) China Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner Ware. Received, a great variely ol'lhe above ; which, wiih a com- plele assorimenl o( Crockery, China, and Cjlass Ware, are oU fered for sale, low, at .No. 4 Dock Square. Bull Calf, from Admiral, For Sale. Per sale, a very fine Hull Calf, 15 moiiilis old, by Admiral, oui of a superior cow, that obtained a premium at Brighlon in 1820. I'rine S'35. Apply at ilie New England Farmer oliice. Od. 2 3t. If lid Geese, For Sale. For sale by Aaron Capen ai Dorchesler, near Milton Village, twelve Wild Gei'se, large, in tine order, and from one to lhre« years old, one pair three years old. 31. Dorchester, tiept. 30. Tomato Mustard and Ketchup. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Marke' street, Tomato Mustard, an excellent article flir beef steaks, roast meals, tSrc made in the best manner by a pers.n regularly educated at the bus'ness in Europe — •price 50 cents per bottle — also. Tomato Ketchup, pre- pared by the same person, in different sized bottles — prices .50, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. 16. ) Co.iKEspoNDENTs. — A Valuable article on the cul- of the Sov Bean, from . Mr Nuttall, Curator of I' Jotaaic Garden at Cambridge, will appear next Fruit Trees, S(C. for Sale. he subscriber wishin;; to give up the cultivation of Trees, offers a handsome lot of .^pple Trees of sorts. Also Chrrrij Trees, Peach Trees, and a few 1 Trses. of several new varieties. Horse Chesnuts, Jpas, Butternuts, White Mulberries, and superior ts of Honeysuckles. Altheas, &c. &c. The whole id be s >ld at 33 1-3 per cent, discount from his usual pric^s,or by the hundred,at a discount of 25 per cent, ermr.indam of sorts may be seen at Mr. Russell's, Enrlind Fanner Office. JOHxN PRINCE. :f maioa Plain, Oct. 8, 182!>. ;aa a's ) spare a few young Pear Trees (raised from ) ; and one and two years old from buds of the fine sorts, at 75 ceiits each. Roots nf the Pie Plant or Tart Rhubarb. A supply of the roots of the Rheum palinatum, or Tart Rhubarb, or Pie Plant, an excellent article for early summer use, (see N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. page 290, and Fessenden's New American Gardener, article Rhu- barb, for its culture and uses.) The roots are largo, and in fine order for transplanting this fall For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, N'' 52 North Market street — price 25 cts. per root. Oct. 1'3. Fine Table Grapes. For sale at the Cbarlestown Vineyard, on the south side of Bunker's Hill, a quantity of the finest European table Grapes, raised in the open air, and now ripe, and ripening, on the vines. There are about a d"7en differ- ent sorts, among which the principal are the Wli'te Mus- cadine or Sweet Water, Burgundy, Black Haiiibur;;h, Red Chassolas, &c. For sale in any quantities, by the hundred weicrht or otherwise. D. HAGGERSTON. Charlestown Vineyard, Oct. 8, 1829. Poivder at 2s per lb. : DUPONT'S POWl)i:i!. quality warrnnied, for sale at 'Cr^i-I.m.l's Anmiinilioii Store. f.o'Hionil si, al retail. ASn. SHO i', CAPS, ii.c. ol il:e best quality— cbuap for cash. If PRICES OF COUM'TRY PRODUCE. . KROM 1 TO APPLES, best, - " " jarrel. 'i 00 2 60 ASHES, poi,(irs(. sort, - - - Pearl, first sort, - - Ion. 12.') 00 130 CO " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, while, vjshel. 1 00 1 25 BEEF, mess. 5drrel. 9 00 9 50 Csrgo, No. 1, o 8 00 9 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 7 00 8 00 liUTTEK, inspected. No. l,new, pound. 13 15 CHEESE, new milk, - " Skimmed milk. - '* 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-slreet, - barrel. 6 25 6 50 " 6 00 -6 12 Kye, best, ... - " 3 7.5 4 00 GRAIN, (■;.rn, .... bushel. (iO 62 Rve, fi:! 70 liiirley, - 67 Oals, .... 36 SH HOG'S LARD, firsl scrl, new. pound. 8 LIME, cask. 86 90 PLAISTEU PARIS retails at Ion. 3 .50 PORK, clear, barrel. 16 00 17 00 Navy, mess, 13 00 13 00 Carj;o, No. 1, 12 SO 13 00 SEEDS, Hinl's Grass, - bushel 2 00 Orcli.ird Grass, 300 F"v^l Mf adow, - 3 00 Rm' Grass, 406 Tall Mcadow.Oals Gross, - 3 PO Red Top .... 62 1 00 Lucerne, ... - pound 33 aa White Honeysuckle Clover, 3.i so Red Clover, (noriliern) 7 9 Frcndi Sugar Reel, - 1 50 WOOL, Merino, lull bliuxl, washed, . 35 45 Meriiin. lull blood, unwashed. 20 30 nic 1, ilu-ee lourihs Ha.shed, 30 33 M.-nno. hall blood, - 28 30 Weriuo.quar'.er Bashed, 2.-1 2(f Nai'vi-, washed, - 2,'i 26 rulled, Lamb's, first sort, - 30 37 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, 27 30 Pulled, " spinning, first sorl 30 Si PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVt:PV WEEK KT MR HAV (Clt.K nf Famiul-halt Marie'./ PEEF, best pieces, - I'OKK, lic~h, be«l pieces, who!.- hogs, VE.AL, ... - INiOTTON, . . . - I'OCLTIIY, .... liUTTKK, keg and inb, - l.anii., best, FGGS, .ME.'iL, Itve. retail, ... h. Iia*),-rctail, rOTATOS CIDER, [according to quality,] bofliel. barrel. S o;i 7 6 1-2 16 1 00 70 101 NEW KNGLAM) F\1L>IEU. Oct. 16, 1829. MISCELLANIES. OCTOBER. BY T. O. KKSSENDE.X. Now failing foliage grepbt ihe eye 0( every rapi tpcdalor, Willi every sort of hnllianl dye, Which can he found in nature. But surly niglil, the wrial day or «>lar li^hl is clipping. And cliurli-ih froRl, Irom every spray, lis every leaf is stripping. / Tall trees reduced to nakedness, Their long arms sadly waving, Seem making signals of distress, AinitUt the tempest raving. Though DOW the stin, in full retreat, Seems shorn of half his splendor, liis iniiigalcd light and heal, Life's prime essentials render. Rich Autumn gives us many n day Of mo-it delicious weather, I'liat prudent cultivators may Their precious products gather^ THE MlSBANDiMAiN'S SONG. Written for the Anniversary of the Alerrimack Agricultural Society, by Philip Carrigai.n, Esq. and sunjj at tlie Dinner table at Hopkinton, Octo- ber 8, 18-i'J. When an Emperor of China ascendeth the throne, He goes to the plough-land, (a custom long known,) And to prove ns a palron to Farmers he *s thorough. Tarns Farmer himself, till he turns a good furrow. Haw Buck, and get Bright, and gee Bonny, gee o. Tliough no party politics mix with our dishes. It sure is no treason to uticr our wishes, That wc ne'er may have rulers, so dull in Iho extreme, But are (it to hold plough, or at least drive the team. Haw Buck, Spc. As ofl comes our great day for premium and bounty. It proves what f,it things still abound in our County, All good, when applied to riijlii uses aud cases. But make a sad jumble when put in wrong places. Hjw Buck, S^r. Thus, calf head and mutlonhead, of the prime sort. Are goodun the table, but poor^tufl" in Court ; And pumpkins and pumpkin-heads, also, because Tliey miike vi;ry good puddings, but very bad laws. Haw Buck, S^c, Some swine loo, have long (to our shame be it spokeo,) Evaded the sialiiic for ringing and yoking, Cheated hogrecvesby walking, (a terrible bore) Erect on their hind legs, instead of all four. Haw Buck, )fc. Hut waving lliese evils, our theme let us raise, And owaril lo our l-'armers the premium of praise; Not those who do n'l look lo their fences in time, Or those w ho 'd be twaddlers, but have no fence lo climb. Haw Buck, ffc, Nnr must wo omit, in our annnal ditlies, How ladies refine and improve our Commillccs; Men hiiflier prize beauty, than skill, howc'er rare, But the Fair are /ui'r judges of works of the Fair. Haw Buck, lie. Whalc'cr be llin- Tariff's or Factories' iloom, B* out' toast loud and full, " Sfeed Uie Plough atui Ihe Loom ; " Then tor those whose bright charms inspire heart and pen. May tlieir huitxmdt in all Odngt prove true UUSBARO-MICB. Haw Buck, 6lc. THE ROSE. BT MRS SIOOCR.NET. I saw a rose in perfi-ct lieauiy ; it rcstcil grace- fully iif)iin its 8talk, and ii.H perfume filled the air. Many biooped to paze upon it, niuny bowed to ta.ste its fiHfrriiiiee, and it.-< owner liiiiig over it with deli;; lit. I passed it again, unci behold it was gone — its root bad withered — the enclosure which sur- rounded it was broken down. The spoiler liad been there — he snw lliiit ninny admired it — he knew it wjis dear to him who planted it, and be- side it, li> had no other plant to love. Yet he snatched it sccretlv from the hnml that cherished it — be wore it in bis bosom till it hung its bead and liuled ; and when he saw that its glory was departed, lie (lung it rudely a«ay. I5ut it left a thorn ill bis bosom, and vainly did be seek to ex- tract it ; for it now pierces the spoiler, even in his hour of mirth. And when I saw that man who had loved the beauty of the rose, gathered agiun its scattered leaves, or bound up its stalk which the bands of violence bad broken, I looked ear- nestly at the E)u)t where it f^rew, and my soul re- ceived instruction. And I said, let her who is full of beauty and admiration, sitting like the queen of flowers in majesty among the daughters of women, let her remember that siie staiideth upon slippery places, " and be not high minded but fear." » " My dear Tom," said old Sheridan, one da bis son, " I wish you would take a wife." have no objection, sir," said Tom, " tchuse shall I take 1 " The Siamese Youths outdone. — It is truly an age of eoiiicideiices and wonders ! The fame of the Siamese youths is eclipsed by another prodigy. The London Exaiiiiiier of August 2, contains a description, accompanied with a wood engraving, of a female infant, stated lo be now living in the town of Sassari, in Sardinia, of the age of five months, having two heads and four arms, or the upper part of two well formed bodies, united -at the breast ; the rest of tlie boily, with the legs are of (inliiiary form and proportions. The child is thill, but ill all respects well. One head is asleep while the other is awake — one is nourished by the niotber, and the other by a nurse, and they ate nursed alternately. One bend sometimes cries while the other is ipiict. The left bead is some- what larger than the other. This account was sent by one of the subscribers to the Examiner, in a letter dated Geneva, July 23, 18'^9 — JV. Y. Gazelle. The late Mr Gilftrl. — A few days iirevions to the death of this eccentric genius, in a coiivivi,-il party, he cballenged Mr VVoodworib for an iiii- Iiromplti, of four lines, pletlging himself to coni- |)Ose an air to it in as short a time as iMr W. oc- cupied in furiiishin<; the poetry. The challengH was accepted, and Mr Barret a|)pointed ns judge. "Baron Vmi Carlos" iniiiirdiiitely drew five sir.iigbt lims on a sheet of foolM-ap, while iMr \V. tearing a leaf from his pocket-book, wrolo wilh a pencil as follows : — lie who v/onld re.ieh Ihe shrine of fame, Musi climb n lofiy hill for'l, £ro he can lKip4T to win a name As bright ns ilinl of Gilleri. These four lines were set lo an original air, said by good jiidi^es to be very pretty, in two iii iiiites and a biilf, the composer beating the poet by just thirty seconds. — jV. Y. Mirror. Meanness — In 1629 Ben Jonson fell sick was then poor, and lodged in an obscure a his .Majesty (King Charles 1st) was siipplicali his favor, who sent him ten gnincus; wbei messenger delivered the sum, Ben took it band, and said, " His Majesty has *ent me guineas, because I am poor, ami live in an n go, and tell him that his soul lives iu an al.V Gibber's Lives of Poets. At the review of the lltb Regiment N'. II litia, at Pembroke, Isi iiist. a terrible sliain tiiok plai-e. The firing and smoke was ti- lotvn tide Wilniott's superb Strawlierry Plant.s.at 2.i cents p- - potted, or S20 per huii-lred. Also, the I'ollouiiiu I . $1 per bundled: Doivntnn Strawberry, Pine SiTuii .Mulberry Strawberry. Baih Scjrict, and Koyjl .'or v»biii in 'i vols, royal octavo, with 4-£i Plates. W7ii/c Mulberry SetJ. Just rccoirod at the Seed Store connected »i- Hew England Farmer, No. .Vi, North Market-stri-i 'JU lbs. White .Mulberry Seed, raised at Covi Conn, this season, nnd saved expressly for us. ranted of the very tirst quality. rpt. Publish, end ul ilie linie ol s e\er\ I'ridny. ai 5** per aniiuni. pn>nl ier « ill Im* sent to a distance wiihuul p'aynifi ine* mtule III ittlvanre. Piiiiied for J. II. Kcssri.l. by 1. R Hi-tts— by » all descriptions of Priming can Im» exiTireil lo ineei ili' ol cusloniers ( )rilrr> for priming rei-eived |i> J. H. Kist at the Acricullur.il Waiehuusc ISo. H Nurib Mark NEW ENGL,AWI> FARMER. Published by John B. Russell, at JVo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Jlgricultural M^arehouseJ—TuoyiAS G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1829. No. ]4. AGRICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. SOY BEAN. \.s this plant thrives well in this climate, and fects its seeds, it may not, perhaps, be amiss to something of its use and history. It is an an- il Bean, not much unlike those we commonly tivate, with an erect stem, showing a slight ten- icy to twine at the summit only ; the flowers very small for the germs, and reddish in axil- r clusters ; the legumes are pendulous, hispid h brown bristly hairs, with which the whole nt is more or less clothed — these pods contain ■?r three beans when mature, almost of a choco- brown, and somewhat smaller than any geu- lly cultivated in this country. It belongs to genus Dolichos (D. SojaJ which also affords several other edible legumes. It is said to be igeiioiis to India and Japan, where, as well as 3hina and Cochin-China, it is very generally ivated for food, and probably preferred for its at productiveness. A single bean produced, perfectly ripened with us at the Botanic Gar- , 182 pods with 2 to 3 beans in each. Wheth- n this country, where so many fine legumes } cultivated, it might be esteemed for food, is btful ; the experiment may easily be made, its principal recomnienilation at present in r as a luxury, aflx)rding the well known sauce ed Soy, which at this time is only prepared is na and Japan — that of the latter country be- usually preferred. The mode of obtaining sauce, is said to be as follows: — fler the seeds are boiled until they become they arc mixed with an equal weight of sat or barley flour coarsely ground. This mix- is fermented, and a certain proportion of salt water being added, the whole is allowed to id for two or three months, care being taken to it everyday ; and by the end of that time it is ly for use. Its composition then appears to be eclly harmless, which cannot be said of many ',r sauces ; and among the Asiatics it is con- ' red beneficial in promotin;r an appetite. Yours, respectfully, THOMAS NUTTALL. lUfotanic Garden, Cambridge, Oct. 14, 1829. VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. Russell — >EAR Sir — I have sent to your care, by the p Diamond, one barrel and one box for the isachusetts Horticultural Society. The barrel tains, on the marked end. Kidney, or Foxite ; re. Apples, and lower end, Pink eye Potatoes. ive other fine kinds, which I could not get at J leniently. I cultivate your Chenango under name of Mercer.[?] I class them as No. 5 in 1 litv. Try the several kinds. They are a fair pie of my crop of 1500 bushels. I send them luse I did not eat a good potato in or about ton. 1! 'he box contains, for the examination of the amittee to settle the nomenclature of fruit, pies, generally two, of 1. The Swaar, Jine, in eating January and Feb- ruary, and true. 2. Greenwich. 3. New Pearmain. 4. E.sopus Spitzenburgh — true. 6. Yellow Pippin. 6. Boston Russet, (supposed Roxbury. 7. Winne's Everlasting, said to be fine in June, 8. &c. Pearmain — by some supposed to be the Winne, (fair.) 9. Guise, of Dutch origin, and by some esteemed. 10. Newton Spitzenburgh — true. 11. FallPippin~ly lltiit'iy, iiliin.st allperisliiMl. In AuRUSI, 18*7, I i>r<)rirn-(l from the rnime soiii-fp n t|iianlity of buds. It Wiis il.ven tlavs uCter liny wqfL,fHK JSKW KNOLANO >'AR>i>:n. AGRICUI-TLRAL PllEMlLM.S. Tlie Dirtctofs of our State Airriculuiral Society, in the jlegulations fur tlie late Show, gave notice, as usual, that iiremtmns not called liir within a given time, would •' be considered a.* generously given to aid the funds of the Society." I cannot sec the wisdom of giving so broad a hint to the successful aspirants not to claim the awarded prize. Its tendency h, to make the .Tccepfance come to be considered as not altogether honorable, and thus to de'feat the whole object of proposing preniinms. There is a class, to whom |niblic spirit, and the honor of distinction, arc a suliicient mo- tive, without the pecuniary consideration. There fs anotlier class, who are content to seize the prize, and neglect the hint. There is a third class, who reipiiro the influence of all these motives united, to induce them to enter the lists, but who would scorn to accept a premium oflered with so ill a grace. The |iroprietors of the North American Review, give a dollar ajiage for their matter. I have been tolil, that a few years since, it was so common for the writers'to refuse the bonus, that to maiutnin its efficacy as a stimulus to exertion, the proprie- tors adopted the rule, to publish nothing for which the compc^nsaiion was not paid. If agricultural premiums are to be really eflicient, I suspect a Biniilur course must be followed. Perhaps I am wrong. I have written as the suhjeet appeared to mc, for the ciyinmon good, having iio personal concern in the matter. - '■ W. One row ucruks llio piece I pin ii ted -with <|U >inrill potatoes, wliicb weigjied jierjiaps li oui e.iili. Ne.xt to this I planted a row of large > which weighed, I lliink, not less than 10 oiii ; — by the side of this, a row of large Avilh seed, and he raised about 20 husbfls, but ' rod-' of ground, 1 had by measure, 300 bushels owing to a fiiin soil n considerable proportion were I potatoes. of n small size. The present season the eniiie I On this ground, and undcrthcse circunistai.i gentleman lias raised aliout. 80 I.ubIicIs and ihey ! the ex|«riiiieni was iiiadc- are of a good size. He used plaster of Paris in the bills, but )io manure. I believe the [.roduce is not so abundant as from some other varieties, and they rcrpiire a strong soil. Dr Mease in his letter to me savs, " I hope the diflcrence between the clr- maleoftho OM Colony and Pwinsylvauia will 1 nit in two, lengthways ;— next, a row cut rro not cause any difference in the qualitv of the po-l ways, llie seed ends phinled by themselves. WJ tatocs, which here, are finer than any 1 ever ate,' ibc j.otatoes were cut, the pieces wire placed foreign or domestic. But justice must be done in j same distance apart jn the rows thai the wli the boiling: they must not be allowed to remain ones were. a minute in the water after they are done, the wn- 1 I Lave found, upon gathering my crop, that tor must be poured off and the p.Uatoes should ro- ' row planted with small potatoes, yielded at main a few minutes loevaporale all the moisture; rate of- 75 pounds to 20 hills, (or rather to they will be then dry and floury, and ,he flavor seed potatoes planted 18 inches apart m the lo- (.„„ „ the large ones yielded at the rale of 60 pi.ii fine." yielded at tlie rate oi f>0 | from the same number; the large ones cut in t Irngthway.s, 80 pounds ; the seed ends Od, the root, or butt ends, 72 pounds. Prrlia| slioiild mention that the row of seed and i ends was an outside row, nud of course was ::o much sliaded with ihe lops as the others Wf a circumstance that I did not think of whe Some difficulty is found in boiling them to pre- , vent their crimiblingin pieces; but when brought | on the table they are of a pure white color, floury | and excellent ill flavor; and a valuable property 1 in them is, that they retain all their excellent »pial- i hies till Alay or June, though 1 believe it best, as with all winter vegetables, to cover them in sand. I , , , , ,. , i . • .i . , , , ' , r I <• .u 1,' •,„, I) anted them ; but wiich seemed to give that I shall jn a few days forward some of the 1' oxues | ' " to Mr Kvssi;n.'s Seed Store, that they may have a trial among your connoisseurs. i 1 am, respectfuUv, vours, ■ JAMES THACHER. Plymo'ilh, Oct. 19, 1829. (CFDr TiiAf HER is thanked for his polite and friKndly ; offer, ll will be seen by a letter from Judge Bckl, on \ the first page of this day'.s pnper, that he has sent a quantity of this fire variety of the most important of vegetables, for distribution among the members of the Massachusetts HorticuItur.il Society. FOB THE NEM' ESCI.ANO FARMER. an advantage over the rest. In all other rcsp I think the trial was fair. Resjiectfullv yours, 4'IIILANDER W.\RE Franklin, Ms. Oct. 20, 1829. Ql INCE TREES— QUERY. Mr Fesse.nue.n — I wish you or some of j correspondents would ii-liirm me how many y from the seed, it usually is, before the Uu conies to bearing? — and wlinher serdlinL' *lu slocks would be likely lo bear sooner if bu< from bearing trees ? Yours, &c. Fasting. — Distinct from religious ordin; and anchorite zeal, fasting has been frequenil commended and practised, as a means of n i roR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. rOXITE POTATOES. Mr Editor — If that valuable variety of the potat9 ciilleil Funic, is not ciiltiv.iled by the fiirmers in your vicinity, I will take the liberty to rccom- ineiid them as deserving their iittontion. In llie Summer of 1826 I was favored with a visit from my resper-ied Irieiid l)r James Micask, of Phihi- delptiiu, Vieo President of the I'emi-'ybania Agii- cultural Society, lie observed to me tiiat he had not in New England mni with any potatoes which could eoniparo with the Eoxites, and that they were in Peiinnylvania valued as superior to all «tliers. Ill April following he kindly forwarded \p uie about half a bushel, which I plaiiteil, and (he produce answered my cxfiectatioiis. In the i^pring of 182S I furnished Jus. D.tnTj.iiTT, Ehi|. EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. Mr Fessenuen — In page 353, vol. vii. of your paper, in a communication on the culture of the Potato your correspondent ".Vo Theorist," invites ing incipient diseases, and of restoring the bu< or " challcnges-to a course of experiments," those its customary healthful sensations. Howard interested in ascertaining the best mode of propa- celebrated philaiitbropist, used lo fast one ila gating them ; the result to be cominuiiicated to ilic week. Franklin, for a perioil, diil the s you. ; Napoleon, when he felt his system unstrung, Two or three weeks before the date of the jia- ' pended his wonted repast, and took excrci-i per which contains the invitation, for my own per- horseback. The listof distingiii.'-hed names ii: somil salisfaction, I commenccil a course of e,\- if necessary, be increased — but why adduce pcriments similar to those " No Theorist" was thority in favor of a practice wliicb the instiin about making. It was on n piece of land froin ilic brute creation leads them to adopt, when which I had last year at the rate of about 2 tons they are sick. Happily for them they baM lo the acre of herds grass and red top hay. Ini- meddling prompters in the shape of well iim:ii medialely after the hay was taken from it — ] friends, to force a stomaih already eufecbUd about the middle of July, the ground was plough- i loathing its customary food, to digest this or ed smooth, and faithfully harrowed and sowed, delicacy — soup, jelly, custard, chocolate and with I'jigri.-h turnips, but wilhout success, for my ! like, iiirnips were not worlli gathering. About the middle of last .\|iril it was crossploiighed, and stable manure evenly S|ireail upon it, at the rale of about 20 cart loads to an acre. This was ploughed in, the ground harrowed smooth ; and then, witb'oiit furrowing, I planted my liotiuoes ill rows 3.^ feet apart : the polaloes were placed in the rows 18 inches apart. Instead g(' furiowin'^l jjffrclion. — To sec a father treating his sons rider broihers, and to see sons roveling father's eompany and conversation, bciaiise think him the wi^-est and most agreeable nil tbuir acipiainlaner, is the most amiable jiii the eye can behold ; it is n transplanied self- as sacn-d as friendship, as pleasurable f iM,~ the usual tnethod, the rows weru^Tormed by'a j °"'' "" '"'1'P.v "s religion can make H.—i>lr,Ul line drawn from one side of the piece lo the other.! 7Jfoi.fi/_I5eaiily soon dcenvs ; but \irliio That this is Ibe 4m/ way of plaiitinp I shall not ; mipp,;; ri-mnin with us, and impro%-c with the say ; but I do think, ilint when circumstonces are ,,,.L.j;e of time. favorable, it is the most tjptJilious. The ix.talocsi Reoulv is worse thoii liquor ; it intoxicotci plained were the I,a Phii«H,or long rods. On 110 ,),c i,older and the beholder— Zimmon the stubborn soil of the former, and character, physical and intellectual, of the peo- concluded with the following: — The choice products of our soil ; the choicer ducts of our mind Hr Smith, from England, having been asked a sentiment, spoke a few introductory words llusion to the competition between the two ntries in agriculture and the arts of peace proposed as a toast k.ny fruit but the apple of discord 5y the Hon. Mr E. Everett. The Stale of ATeip k — making unparalleled use of unparalleled antagc; ["he Hon. Mr Welles, Chairman of the Commit deputed to attend the Worcester Cattle Show, red this toast — %e Worcester Agricultural Soi.ieti/ — Whose iw begins as soon as you enter the county whose cattle are advantageously seen in our I everywhere. Uf E. H. Derby, Esq. one of the Trustees of Society. The Head and the Heorrt of New jiand's .Agriculture — The head has ever found ncrease of wisdom and experieiicc, in listening he suggestions of tho heart. By Frederic Howes, Es(i. President of the Es- sex Agricultural Society. The Massachusetts So- ciety and Count;/ Societies — May the Parent always continue an active Partner, and at the head of the Firm. By Dr Fiske, of Worcester. The MassacJm- setts Soriet)/for the Proviolion of Agi-icuUure — The Head, which has animated the " Heart," and given life and energy to the extremities of the Common- wealth. By the Hon. .lohn Reed. Those who make useful improvements in agriculture and manufac- tures, and those who cause them to be made — the true benefactors of mankind. The different sections of the Commonwealth — The seat of our Fisheries, our Conmierce, our Agriculture, and our Manufactures : — may they unite harmoniously in a plan of communication, which, though the rails may be iron, and the road sand, will bind them all together by a g-oWe/i cAni«. By Judge Davis. Farmers and Freemen, and the precious tenure of their lands and liberties — to have and to hold to them and their heirs forever. By Mr T,ee, of Virginia. The JVetv Englandman's Notions of Political Economy — That Agriculture is the great source of all national prosperity ; that Manufactures is the art of making a nation rich, by giving new forms and additional value to its raw materials ; that money commands all things, and that the peo[)Ic who produce the most of all things will command the greatest Capital, and take the lead among nations. The Arts and Sciences — An old toast with a modern interpretation. Science, with more of knowledge than speculation. Arts, which, instead of aiming to puzzle, aflright, and enslave men, seek to improve the condition of society, ansi(lenl of the Massacliusells Agrioullural .Snciely. The Lemon Tree which bore the largest of the Lemons this day exhibited at the Agriculmral Dinner, and contributed from the Green House of Mrs Timothy Bigelow, of M^edford, is nearly forty years oM. It was taken from a box 18 years ago, and planted in a bed of rich earth. The houghs of the tree extend, on an average, fifteen feet, ill each direclion, and they reach in height to the glass roof which covers them, namely, about twelve feet. The tree has this year produced up- wards of three hundred Lemons, which, if measur- ed, would considerably exceed two bushels. Tho largest Lemon oftered to duy, measures in size 17 inclieii by 14, and weighs one pound and three quarters. The others are fair specimens of tho general average of the fruit in weight and size. Oct. 14, 1829. ANDREW BIGELOW. IMPROVEMENT OF THE BREED OF HORSES. ' The beautiful, full blooded horse Sportsman, ex- hibited at Brighton, at the late Show, by Edward Eluridge, Esq. of this city, (and not Long Island, as stated in some of the papers) was sired by tlie Arabian horse Bassorah ; dam, the full blooded marc Sportsmistress. The Sportsman is now six years old. At three years old he took the purse at the Union course, Long Island, against five At four, at a match run with Rattler, for $2000, he also won. We shall in a few days, be in pos- session of a more full pedigree of this beautiful horse, which Ave shall publish. He will stand the ensuing season at Westhorough, Shrewsbury, and Worcester, when farmers will have a fine opportu- nity to improve their stock. He will be in Boston in April next. Prolific. — Mr Israel Hunt of Sudbury planted two bushels of potatoes the present year, from which he raised one hundred andffiy-seven bushels and a half! He planted the potatoes in the com- mon way, not cutting out the eyes. Mr Philip Stimmel, of Ilarrisburg, Pa. has raised a pumpkin this season that weighs 170 pounds. Mr Joseph Sneeringen, of Adams co. Pa. has raised this year, from one acre of ground, 400 bushels of potatoes. TEMPERANCE. In Middlefield, in this county, there are about 110 men who are heads of famiHes,_ almost all of them farmers or mechanics. Of these, between 60 and 70 have performed all their labors through the season, on their farms and in their shops, with- out using ardent si)irits, and without giving it to their workmen. They find that they are more free from ill turns, — can perfortn more labor, — their work is better and more ex|)ediliously done, — fewer mistakes and accidents occur, — and their implements are less ihjnred and broken, than in past years, when spirituous liquor was used. There are but two traders in the town, and neither of them sells spirits, except in cases of sickness. There is a Temperance Society in the town of 138 members, old and young, male and female. Ma- ny who are not members of this society, act on the principle of entire abstinence. Bcsiiles the 60 or 70 persons above mentioned, there are 15 or 20 heads of families who seldom drink spirits, and who have used but little in performing the va- rious labors of ihe season. What a victory has here been obtained over the insidious foe of hu- man jieace and happiness! Let the friends of the good cause persevere, and in a few years the whole town will be free from the degrading vice of in- temperance. Iiisuchatown, a man can live inpeacti and quietness — can educate his children in liabits of industry anirnEK.S KOU TIIK CATTLE .SHOW AT BKKillTU.N, 0<;T0IJER IS, IB-."? ExettiUve Committee, Bk.ijami.v Guild. Isriiel Tliomilike, jr. On Fat Cattle, Bulls, and Hull Calves, GlIRIIAM I'aRSO.NS, K. I'cniiiiiinii, Oliver Saunders. On Coxes ami Heifers, Joii.v VVr.LLEs, Nntlian .\ilain8,jr., Georgo Smith. On Sheep and Sicine, Jdll.-N IlKARD,Jr., SuiiiucI Jii<|iies, Tliuiiius Williiiins. On Ploughing teith Two Yoke Cattle, Joii.N 1'ki.mce, Joliii Nurtheiid, Ebeiiuzcr Heath. On Ploughing with One Yoke Cattle, K. H. Dkrbv, D. Adams, Timothy Corey. On Working Cattle, Luke Fiske, Aaron CH|ien, Samuel Hrooks. On Manufactures, Richard Sullivan, Robert Waterston, Thomas Searle. On Inventions, GoRiiAM Parsons. DaiiieJ Treadwell, David Moody. On Butter, Cheese, and Cider, Thomas L. Wi.>throp, Brnjamiii Guild, John C. Gruy, iHuac P. Davis, Benjamin Pollard. On Grain, Vi:i;ctahle Crops, Sfc. WiLLlA.M PkESCOTT, Peter C. Brooks, Jumes Jackson. Marshals, Isaac Cook, William II. Prentiss, William 11. Spooner, John L. Tyler. Auctioneers, Samuel F. Coolidge, Richard Warren. K IMPORTS. The Committee, conaistinfr of E. IIerset Derhv, Da.mkl Aka.ms, (inii Timothy Corey, (o i<Mgh.H hut i>iic had cn»t iron mould boarilH, and imml of llicin, rollers and cutter.'* to the beaniH. Ilcfure Hiarting, the ploughmen were directed not to hurry tlu-ir teainH, and were in- formed that the CfUiiiiiittee would be governed in awnriling the premium^*, hy the excellcnri- of the work, and not hy the speed with which it might be performed — that ntteiition would aNo be paid to the ap|>earance and docility of (be Cat- tle, and the management of the driver — that nar- row fumlw^^, laid lappinc on each other, would he preferred to wide and flat ones, and that each furrow must l)e five inches deep. Uiiiler these regulations, the first lot was plough- ed in 35, and the last in 43 niinuies. The Committee take great pleasure in stating their belief that the work, guncrally, was Miperior to that performed in any previous year since the institution of the Ploughing Matdies. After much delibernlion, they award the premi- ums as fo. by Anna Culler of Western. Do. by Cornelia F. Cutter of Boston. Black Lace Veil, hy Sarah Bracket of Cainbridf Worked Dress and Veil, by Miss Goodine Hrookline. 2 black, and one white Lace Veils, by H. & Davis of Boston. Veil and Vandyke, by Sarah M. Withinglon Dorchester. Spcriiiien of fine Lace, by Job Turner of B< ton, a hoy of eight years of age. Deaf and Dun .Specimens of Manilla and moss Mat.°, also Hemp and Cotton Cord, by Charles Houd of B< tun. A Leather Splitter, Saw Set, and Bruwhes, \a ther Guage and Seam Cutter, by llerrick Aiken Dracut. A Si)ecinien of Files, by G. Reeves of Wat town. 20 pairs of Socks, by Phebc Jewett of Peppei Lamp Carpet, hy Harriet Glover of Marbhhe. Hearth Rug. by Adeline Woodburn of N' Salem. Bed Spread, by Reliecca Woodburn of X Salem. Embroidery work and Velvet ]iainting, by .Mj LcLuce of Boston. Lace Gown, by Mary .\nn Webber of lUixbu Footstool and Bead belt, by Charlotte Endic of Cambridge Footstool and Bead Purse, by Francis Cook Cambridge. 3 Lamp Stanils, by .\nn E. Brown, of do. Chenelle Work Bag, and Bead Purso, Charlotte Curtis of do. Bead Purse, by Eliza Curtis of do. Bead bracelets, by Lucy F. Brigham of do. Wrought Muslin Dress, by Lucy Ruggles Boston. Do. do. by M. Skinner of Need h BUTTER, CHEESE, AND CIDER. The Committee to award the Soci'-ti/'s Pre urns un Butler, Cheese, and Cider ; and subscription premium of one hundred doll ' for the best Butter, not lets than threr hunil pounds' weight, made within the i\ew En^li States, offer to the Trustees tiu follow rktort. That five parcels of Cheese more than year olil, and eighteen parcels of Cheese of present .season, were offered for the Society's [ miiinis ; of these, twenty parcels were frmii dairies of farmers in New Braiiilrce, in the cou of Worcester, one parcel from Princeton, in same county, and one other parcel from Peppei in the county of Midillesex — of the old ihe. that from the dairy of Ebenezer Fielil, was c sidercd by your ('ommitleo to be llu- be,>i, and t award to him the premiiiiii of ten dollars. II iul Hunter is entitleil to the premium of five i lars, for the next best. They award to Job Ki gcr, the prcmiuiii ol' Icii dollars for the Ihsi r Cheese; and to Jcdin Lane ]to\lston ti\e tlol fur the next best — >our Cunmiirtee ihink pre to slate that they foiiinl thi.- parcel, coniaiuiniri rlirescs, to be uncumiiinnly rich ; ami it appi by a certificate from Mr Boylston's dniry-wol that in making auid cheeses, «h« used '- all Vol. VIII.— No. 14. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. lOd ioriiiii;j;'s milk of his cows, part of tlie night's ilk, with the cream of the other part of the light's milk." The Committee, however, deem it roper to sny that they eiitortaineil some doubts as ) the preferenee which this parcel of Cheese ught to have over that sent from the dairy of Lo- uzii Converse, of New Braintree. Of eight parcels of Butter exhibited for the lociety's premium, your Committee regret that jey are compelled to say, that on the closest ex- niination, they could not discover that any one arcel was entitled to the fii-st premium — it ap- eareii to he less well made than that exhibited )r the last two or three years, not being sufficient- f divested of the butter milk, without which being lost thoroughly done, it is impossible to have ooil butter. The Committee award to George !roshy, of Bedford, the second premium, being in dollars ; and to Margaret T. Crosby, of Biller- a, the third j)remium, being seven dollars. Niithan Grmu, of Sherburne, exhibited a barrel r Cider, made in 1828, which, on examination, le Conmiittee judged not to be entitled to the first remium — they award to him the second premium eing ten dollars. William Underwood, of Boston, and John P. Vebber, of Beverly, exhibited some specimens of 5 luslurd, manufactured at their establishments, irhich your Committee doubt not, will, on trial, be i jund to be quite equal to the best imported Eng- sh mustard. Your Committee further report, that for the iremium of one hundred dollars, offered by the ["rustees, at the request of several citizens of Bos- JQ, and its vicinity, who have deposited said sum 1 the hands of the Treasurer of the Society, to ncourage improvement in the quality of Butter itended for the Boston market, three parcels of utter, together containing about eighteen hundred loniuls' weight were exhibited — no one parcel of t'hicli in the mianiinous opinion of your Conmiit- ee, is of a sufficiently good quality to be entitled 0 the said premium — some of the firkins were too ighly charged with salt ; and the observation al- eady made in this report respecting the not suffi- iently expressing out the butter milk, will most trongly a|iply to these several parcels. That of- sred by Mr Boylston, of Princeton, is neatly lacked in well made firkins, containing something acre than fifty pounds each. THOMAS L.WINTHROP, BENJA. GUILD, JOHN C. GRAY, \ Committee, ISAAC P. DAVIS, BENJA. POLLARD. Brighton, Oct. 14, 1829. iii|nic Committee on the Ploughing Match of Two Yoke of Oxen, having attended to that duty, REPORT — m That seven ploughs were entered, all of which rli rere on the ground in due season, and according the Society's order, at precisely half past nine iJ telock, connnenced the contest. The groimd iras in fine order, very free from stones or trees; Ihe lots scarcely large enough to prove the mettle llhf the cattle, containing only about 22 rods — and » were finished in from 29 to 40 minutes ; it was particularly urged on the ploughmen and drivers, 'hat as goodness of work was to be the criterion in uilging, we should not much consider the time employed. We have great pleasure in stating our innnimous opinion, that altogether, it was the best iloughing ever performed at any of our previous ploughing matches. Six of the ploughs were of improved cast or wrought iron, and one only a very superior woodeu one. One of them, made by Howard, of Hingham, having rollers attached to the end and sides to guide the depth and width of the furrow, caused it to run very true without the assistance of a ploughman, (except in turning and entering it) this ground being peculiarly free from any impediments ; on the whole, for general purposes, it was not thought by the Committee as any saving of labor, as a second person besides the driver was always near in case of need. The whole was so well performed, that the Committee were long in making their selection for |)remiums, — they however were unanimous in awarding the 1st to Prescott Barrett, of Concord, $15 00 same as ploughman, 8 00 Henry Barrett, driver 4 00 $27 00 2d to Schuyler Shepard, of Mansfield, $10 00 same as ploughman, 5 00 K. Day, driver, 3 00 $18 00 3d to Nathan Smith of Roxbury, $6 00 same as ploughman, 3 00 T. Blodget, driver, 2 00 JOHN PRINCE, EBEN. HEATH, JOHN NORTHEND. \cov $11 00 WORKING CATTLE. The Committee on Jf'orking Cattle (consisting of Luke Fiske, Aaro.n Capen, and Samuel Brooks,) have attended to the duty assigned them, and submit the following report. — That twenty-one persons had entered their teams to compete for the Society's premiums, but on their names being called, seventeen only were present. The Committee proceeded to examine and compare them in reference to strength, docil- ity and training, together with their ages and other properties which were by them deemed necessary to constitute not only good working cattle, but to enable them to discriminate between those ofiered ; do award as follows, viz. To Royall T. Marble of Sutton, the 1st pre- mium— his cattle four years old, $2,'> 00 To Prescott Barrett of Westford, the 2d do. 20 00 his cattle four years old. To James Taylor, of Sutton, the 3d do. 15 00 his cattle four years old. To Joseph Dudley of Shrewsbury, 4th do. 12 00 his cattle five years old. To Stephen Marsh of Sutton, 5th do. 8 00 his cattle five years old. Your Committee were limited in the number of premiums to five. But they noticed as worthy of particular attention, a yoke of six years old cattle belonging to John Prince of Roxbury, sired by an imported Alderney bull, and which were trained under the yoke at fifteen months old ; as also those of Mr Tapley, Baron and Dudley, of the same age. But taking into view the difference of their ages, they were constrained to award in the manner they did. Respectfully submitted. Per order, L. FISKE, Chairman. PAT CATTLE, BULLS, AND BULL CALVES. The Committee on Fat Cattle, Bulls, and Bull Calves, report as follows, viz : — To Mr John Lane Boylston, of Princeton, for his red Ox, native breed, 8 years old, weight 2451 pounds, they award the first ])remium, $25 From the 1st of January to February last, Mr Boylston's ox was fed on hay and potatoes, from that time to the 12th of March with hay and meal, one peck per day, since with oats occasionally, fol- lowed by green corn stalks, green corn and pump- kins, lill driven to the Cattle Show. To Mr Nathan Grout, of Sherburne, for his black and white Ox, 5 years old, weight 2086 pounds, of the Fill Pail and Native breed, they award the second premium of $20 Mr Grout did not furnish an account in writing of the manner of feeding and fatting his ox, but from his statement to the committee they were in- clined to think him fatted with as much economy as Mr Boylston's. Mr Samuel Switcher, of Athol, had in a pen, for exhibition oidy, a pair of very fine oxen, both fatted in the best manner, one of them considered equal to any ever exhibited in Brighton. These cattle were bred and fatted in the State of Ver- mont, and from that circumstance could not be entered for premium here. Much credit is due to Mr Switcher for his exertions in getting them on for the exhibition. No fat animal was ofTered for the third premi- um, and the committee had no difficulty in award- ing the two premiums. As it respected Bulls, and Bull Calves, it was diflTerent: the entries were numerous, and the animals in general very fine, in many of them hardly a shade's difference as to quality, and the committee could not without some difficulty satisfy themselves as to a selection for permiuins. They however award for Bulls as follows : — To Mr B. V. French, of Braintree, for his Bull Norfolk, 14.i months ol suiue of wliirh, exhibited for premium, your Coiiunitlec regreltid their inabiliiy to award miy. In many ruses, llii'ie w;is wiinleii some more definite pruof i>f product, which might be hud inmost instances, at least for a short period of lime, which would ic a degree guide a Coiiimiltec. Mr Bultrick, of Concord, presented a cow will her liiur heifer calve.«, which she had broiighi wiiliiii two years jiast. They were fair and thrift} nnimuls, nnd of very near resemblance. Of Heifers. Jolin Prince, of Roxbury ; B. V French, of Boston ; John Perry, of Sherburne Mr Cauda, of Newton ; Me^brs Boylston urn Watson, of Princeton ; and several others present ed very fine specimens of their attention nnd ini provemenl in stock, niuny of wliich will hereafter we doubt not, meet with a well merited premium In clusing this report, and in the expression o satisfaction felt by the Committee at this year's ex hibition, they are bouud to express their regre that so many animals which would gratify visitors and greatly add to the apleiidor of the show an withheld. It is the generous purpose of the Legislature ai well as of the .Society, that the Annual .Show Brighton, should do honor to the Agricultural in terests of the .State ; and it is. to be Lopi-d tha these liberal designs may not fail of accomplish meni, by a want of exertion in those for whos) benefil they are intended. In behalf of the Committee, JOHN WELLES, Oiairman. Amongst the distinguished objects of the Pen were to be seen the fine fiill-bluoded Horse Ro man, the property of S. Williams, Esq. of North borough, so remarkable for his elegance, speed aD< dncility. There was another fine stud horse on the grounii a colt from Bussorah. Though in favor of ox la bor in the team, we do not feel ourselves bound t discourage the cfliirts of those who are desirous! provide for more rapid movements. There were also three Jacks, of approved Mai tese blood, imported by Mr Thorndike, jr. whic drew attraction. These were intended for sal and distribution by him. Brighton Market. — Monday, Oct. 19. (KcponcJ for Ihc Cliroulcle nnd l*.Hriol.) Cattle — 1726 ut market. The market was nc so animated as we have sometimes setn it — thcr seems to be a disposition on the part of the drc vers to raise the price of Beef; but the barrellei are unwilling to conform. However, we b»lier that in a few instances $2 07 lur No. 2 ; $3 1 for No. l,und §3 67 for Mess, was realized. \i few cattle were sold so high ns ^5, and upon th whole the market may be considered as about th same ns for 3 or I weeks past. Sheep. — 3353 at market. Sheep met with pretty steady, liiir market, none telling cMr.iTi gnnfly high ; neillier were there many sold n maikably low. Lois uf Sheep nnd Lambs wrr sold grnci-nlly at frum .*! 25 to $1 (!;"> per hfr.r - according to quality, niid nearly or quite all sidd. Sirine. — Not much doing in the trade, only 21. being nt market. One lot of 40 sold ut -I rt^■. pe pound ; one of 23 at S.^, and u few hy retnd at. a -M. We think the market for Shonts a trifl better. Eagie.—Mr A. Knowhon of this town, recent ly shot an F.ngl», mensnring 5 feet across ihr winp It is Roniething sint-uliir liiul lliiji bird shuiild hgh and riimnieiice a furious nttnck upon a wcntlir vane on Mr Knon lion's barn. He was nut coO' Vol. Vltl.— No.U. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Ill iced of Ills error tititil Mr K's rifle brouglu liim the grouiul. The vane was either a good rc- •escmatioii of the bird intended, or the eagle was Yiar-sighled.— Gloucester (Mass.) Td. Ilurtkultural. — Among the fruits exhibited la.st itin-iiay at the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticul- ral Society, were the following : — By Mr DowNF.K, a box of tlie Columbian or Buck rape, from Mr E. VV. Bull of llartfonl. This is a itive variety — the valuable points of which are leir hardiness, vigor, and prolific quality. Mr Bdll jserves they are not this season of tlieir usual size, he berries are not large, llie bunches are good zed, sUin not thick, pulp rather hard, probably would ive been softer had thoy remained longer on the nes, seeds large, Havor pleasant and sweet, and is ore valuable as the bunches remain in preservation 1 the vines until the severe frosts. Also Capiau- ont, Urbanisle, and Dix pears, all very fine, juicy, id in fine eating. Bv Gen. Sumner, of Dorchester, a few apples, pparently Golden Russets, though rather larger,) eked in 1828, from the farm of James Sutton, in illi.ston, Vt. which, after having beentwoweeks a travelling trunk, were as fair as those of the esent season. They had been kept in the usual inner. Other fruits were exhibited by Messrs Manning, Salem, VVinships, Brewi:r, Kemrick, and from gentleman in New Hampshire. A letter was received frouiMr Carr, Nurseryman, ' Piuladelphia, stating that, he had forwarded to the ill of the Society, a box of the Petre Pear, from 5Cedlingtree, planted by the ceiebrnted Naturalist UN Bartram, in IT^.'S. The fruit is described as arge, fair, melting, and of delicious flavor." [The IX has arrived.] Fruit Trees. WM. PRINCE, the Proprietor of the Linncean Botanic Garden and Nurseries at Flushing, Long Island, has the pleasure of informing the pubhc, that his Psursery now contains 172 varieties of the Apple, 202 do. Pear, TG do. of Cherries, 139 do. of Plums, 52 do. Apricots, 84 do. of Peaches, 29 do. of Nectarines, 10 of Almonds, 1-4 do. of Mulberries, 6 do. of Quinces, do. of Figs, IG do. of Currents, 1.^ do. of Rasperries, do. of Gooseberries, 20 do. of Strawberries, 2-37 do. of apes, GOO do. of Ornamental Trees, &c. Above 500 the a ove kinds of Fruits are not to be found in any ,er collection in America. The different varieties can-, . be otherwise than genuine, as the greatest attention liaid, and nearly all the kinds are inoculated from bear- trees. The Cherry, Peach, and other Trees, are rally of a large size. Catalogues may be obtained J. B.Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. North Market-street, gratis ; and' orders left there, lent bv mail, will meet prompt attention. Oct. 23. Grape Fines for Side. The .suhscribcr offers for sale ai Iho Charlcslown Vineyard, Soulli side of Bunker's Hill, a good colleclinn of Vines of supe. rior Kuronean I'able Grapes, al die customary prices, of die followijig sorts ;— Black Hamburg:, Wliitc Muscadine, or Sweet Walcr, lilark Cape, While Chasselns, Bliick Cluster, Golden Chasselas, flliller's Burgundy, anil some other varieties. Orders for the above may be loft al .T. li. Russell's Sped Store .\o.52 IMorlh Market Slrect,or al ibi- Vinevard, wiih ihe subscriber. DAVID H.\GG'liRSTOiN. Ch.irleslown.Ocl. 23, 1^,2;). Fruit, Ornamental Trees, ^'c. I'OR SALE AT THli KENP.ICK ESTABLISH.MENT I.N NEWTON, N£AK BOSTON. The proprielors of ibis eslablishment offer for sale an exten- sive assortment of Apples, Pears, Peaebes, Cherries, Plums, Apricols, Nec(arines, Mulberries, and Quince Trees ; Currants, Gooseberries, Grape vines, Raspberries, Slrawbei ries, &c. &e. While .Mulberry Trees by the hundred or thousand. Isabel- la Grape Vines either singly or at reduced prices by the hun- dred. Of hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Roses about 150 choice varieties, among which may be enumerated the Horse Chesnut. Ailanthus, or tree of heaven, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, .'J varieties of Elms, Three Thonied Ac;icia, or Ilouey Locust, Purple (lowering Acacia, BuUeniuls, Silver Firs, Larche.s, Su- gar Maples, Weeping Willows, &c. Written orders addressed to John or William Keiirick, and directed to Newlon, will duly arrive by the daily mail and re- ceive prompt and personal attention, or orders may be left with .Joseph Bridge, .'igent, at his ,Seed and Grocery Store, Court-street, ISoston, where Catalogues may be obtained on ap- plication; or, Catalogues maybe obtained of J. B. Russell, al the New England Farmer Office. Packages put up suitably for shipping, when ordered, and delivered in Boston, free of charge, for transportation. Oct. 20. 4t Grape Vines. The subscriber offers for sale Grape Vines of several varieties, the produce of his own garden ; among them are the followtng : — 30f) Isabellas, some now in bearing, only 2 years old ; GOO do. one year old ; 300 white Muscadine, from 2 to 3 years old, many now in fruit ; Black Cape ; Queen ; Early Oval ; Black Hamburg ; Ntipoleon; Malaga, &c. &c. 1 Application, by letter or otherwise, will receive im- mediate attention, and if required, the vines will be : packed in such manner as to ensure their safety for any I reasonabie lime or distance. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jn. I Oct. 9. 4t 7J, Congress-street. j JVbiv Cliina Tea Sets, and light blue Dinner M'are. Received, a great variety of the above; which, with a com- plete assortment of Crockery, China, and Glass Ware, are of- fered for sale, low, al No. i Dock Square. J^ew England Farmcr^s Almanack for 1830. Just published by Carter Sl Hendee, corner of School and Washington-streets, and by J. B. Russell, No. 52, North Market-street, the KeiD England Farmer's .llmanackfor 1830. By Thomas G. Fessenden, editor of the New England Farmer. This Almanack, it is thought, will be found to be con- siderably improved upon that of the preceding year. The Astronomical calculations h.ave been prepared and revised with i^reat care by a gentleman of this city — the tides particularly noted — a complete Calendar of the Courts for each state in New England, including the Probate Courts of Massachusetts — the Sun's declination — a table of Roads and distances from Boston, &c. and seventeen pages of miscellaneous articles, principally upon Agriculture and Gardening. [Ij° Country traders and others supplied upon the most liberal terms, by the thousand, groce, or dozen. Sept. 18. Bull Calf, from Mmiral, For Sale. For sale, a very fine Bull Calf, 15 months old, by Admiral, out of a superior cow, that obtained a premium at Brighton in US(3. Price $'35. Apply at the New England Farmer office. On. 2 31. ff'ild Geese, For Sale. For sale by Aaron Capen at Dorchester, near Milton Village, twelve Vv iid Geese, large, in fine order, and from one to three 3'ears old, cue pair three years old. 3t. .* Dorchester, ifcpt. 30. Wanted, In Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. An intel- nt boy from the country would be preferred. nquire at the New England Farmer Office, No. .52 th Market Street. if Oct. 23. Lectures on Entomology. )octor Storer proposes to deliver a short course of tures on Entomology, to such Ladies and Gentlemen may wish to cultivate a general taste for that sci- ^ An introductory Lecture to the course, will be n on Monday evening, November 2d, at Tremont 1, first door North of Montgomery Place. Tickets be obtained at the Bookstores of Carter iliiy : for if of- 1 Stroll not about begging patronage. Wliat ^^^ fence be tukcii, yon bnve (•.''cn|»:il a loss. If be yunuunjie? Tha following »«» iuiig at the opening of the Tbemokt I be in fuct r<,-»|)oiiMibie, be will like yon ibc better .Noihing, nfler your ability ia known. Then Hoi:>K in BoDlon, on tlio llith iniiliint. BT T. G. retlSENOK.N. Marie lustre of Aladdin, I ride of t-aslcrn reveries. Shone on no apartments clad in More ina^niiiconco than these. All that Wtialth and Taste caa render. Art's creative skill bestow. Here give all of heavenly splendor Frail mortality can know. Hospitality's head quarters. Hero her household gods reside. Culinary powers, that taught us Thrift o'er plenty should preside. Otium, here, cum Hignilate Festive Wit, and social mirth. Decompose the chains of weighty Cares, which fetter mind to earth- Here, relaxing from employment, Oft at such an hour as this. May the brimmer of enjoyment Mantle high, with sober blisa; But inebriation's bumpers Never desecrate this Hall, Never ranting table-thumpers Sense and decency appal. Fruits of every clime and season Let economy provide. O'er the bani|ueting3 of reason Grace and (Gratitude preside. Plan and pile so philanthropic Er.iox's well earn'd praise dispense. Give for eulogy a topic Worthy Wkbstkh's eloquence. Strangers' Home, and Travellers' Mansion, Throng'd by Wit and Beauty's trains, Hail'd by every heart's c.Npansion Kindle Si-k.iglk's and Pieri'ost's strains. Here, while Otis may exhibit Elocution's choicest flowers, Every heart shall beat the tribute Due to mind's Iransccndi'nt powers. From the Rochester Daily Advertiser. for be thus knows that lie is dealing with a man if mhi are fit for eiiiploy, jou will have it — if not who luokH at the end of things, iinil may ex|>vct a liriter man ehoulil. Vou must stand roinpeti I to be well served. If not, be will be provoked, lion ; this is the life of business ; get work b; and discharge yon instantly. Thus you have it supi-rior »k;ll, punrtnality and attention. Mei in your power always to protect yourself in any know their own interest, and will follow it in spiD doubtful case, by simply insisting on security, of Irn-ndsbip. Give me the skill, and you mai "Once well begun is twice done." J have all the patrons. They will stick to you NO, is a very useful word — be not afraid to |,,iig as you serve them best — no longer. If tot use it. Many a man has pined in misery for niaiiy arc in the business, let the balance clet years by not having courage to pronounce that lillle monosyllable. Work for a man that is punctual at less wages than for him who is not ; you get the balance in certainly of payment. One dollar sure, is better than two iloublful, and will avail more upon a shift. If yon cannot get full wages, take less — out ; and they will soon do so if the public do no falsely cherish them with fair words of ]mlroiiag< which mean nothing — but " every man for bin self Recollect, the main point is cmjiloy, and nc fair words. One man giving a job, is worth fort promising it. Promises are the ruin of man better so than be idle. Shun idleness as a disease. | ami usually impart nothing but a vitality to hop A shilling a day is better than nothing. The . Miiny a man promises from mere pood nntur very fact of being at work will jirocure employ, by anil by, at a fair rate. Men avoid him who is all the time strolling about the streets — he is jutlged unfit for anything, and may die for want of employ. If you can find nothing else to do, read and and will wantonly promise the same thing to hundred in a day — and disappoint ninety-mnc.- I say, once more, emphaticallT, trust not to pn nii.-e, until men become a httle more hunesl and thus, by doubting their veracity, put the upon good behavior. And doubt every man wl improve your mind, and fit yourself for better doing ; has not strictly complied with all his cngagemen what you may have to do. Instruct your chihiren [ If he has disappointed others, may he not dis* — sec that they have good schools ; go to school point yon ? What reason have you to think othe with them occasionally, and take a glance at the|wiso .' In fine, never think you have money method in which it is conducted. Do you think j cimirnand until it is actually in your band ; U they will ever res|icct you, or be worth having, ' therefore take care how you promise it. Negle ' if you neglect them in their youth, when the mind |of such pniilentials hinder men from becoinil first takes its bent and inclinations? No man who; rich, and produces Il.VRD TIMES. - has a family ever should say that he has nothing —————— ^i^—^—^^——^^^^— to do. Treatist on Silk, i,-c. Job about your house, or in your garden. If This day received ai ihr Seed Store ronnected wiih ih. , " 7 I- • !■ 1 ji EiiElanil Farmer. No. 5i, North Maikeislreel, you have no garriin, hire a piece of ground and { mtiho,l,cal Treatise on thr Cuhivaiion of the M.. make one: till it as well as you can; at any Tree, on the raising of Silk Worms, nnd on winding th' rate, there raise your family vegetables. The fr-;". the rocooi«_;wi,b plates. Ry W poor man, as well as the rich, feels the benefit of a garden. If he cannot get work every day abroiul, he may have it there. Besides, you may often fiml an odd hour or half-hour, during regu- Isloiid.— Price gl.OO. H. Vernon. o( K Aug. I HOW TO BE RICH. The way to i^et rreillt is to he punclunl. to prtatrve it, i.s, not to use it much. ten. Have short accounts. The way Settle ol- lar eniplov, when you can labor in it profitablv ; white, pink ■ • . . . .: 19 i.» ..I, 7^i/i> Roots For sale al the Seed Store connected wiih the New Engl I Farmer, 52 North Market street A fine collection of Dutrh T and and you may, in such case, rise an hour earlier ill the morning, and boo your garden, and thus — 12 1-2 CIS single. ,n of Uutrh Tulip Rools. of hnght red, yell splendid variegated colors, at ^1,00 per dc le. If almost subsist your family, instead of taking a jiiirt Trust no man upon appearances — they are dc- will support your household a whole summer : ceptive — perhaps assumed for the purpose of you need little or no fresh meat ilnriiig that .Vo/i«. Subscribers lo the New England Farmer are infamied ' , , ^ L ■ f¥^i 1 thev can have their volumes neatly and faiiblull\ half t ol your day's wages for marketing. — 1 he market a,,,) jeuered, ai 75 cis per volume, by leaving ibem „: is a canker, that will, by degrees, eat you out, office, while yoti arc eating upon it. A good garden, with a little salted provisions, obtaining credit. Beware of a gaudy exterior. Rogues usually ilress well. The rich are phtiii men. Trust him, if any one, who carries little upon his hack Never trust him who flies into a rel, and more wli son — better without it. Buy a few btisliels of wheat, ami get it ground at the custom mills — iiiticli clioapcr than to purchase flour by the bar- by not being run ti) passion on being dunned ; make him pay quickly if there be any virtue in the law. Beware of biiii who is an ollicc seeker ; men do not usually witnt oflii'e when iliey have itiiy thing to do, A man's aHiiirs are rather low when he seeks ollice for support. Trust no stranger ; your goods are better than doubtful charges What is chaiiicler worth, if you make it cheap by crediting all alike f Agree before hand will, every imiii about lo do a job ; and if large, put ii in writing ; if either di-cliiic this, quit it or hi cheated. Though you want a job ever so miich make all sure at tlu) outsi-t ; and in a case at nl doubtful, iiinist on a guarantee. Me not afraid t< fine, and (here is a great saving. You may have ! a cow grazing on the common in the proper sen- 1 son, and hay costs but a trifle — sec to all this. Doctor Franklin once lived well upon about fidy dollars a year, incluiling all expenses. One I may, in this country, carry himself well throiigli ' with less moiiity. If you have a mof a little oui, your wooil will cost nothing but the trouble of picking it up, and tin! thanks of the owner for takiiig it away. Many a laborer has, from the biilaiice of ,11 enriiings, iibove the support of a large fitmily. I'ci ome the proprietor of a diciM house and piece of land, in the course of live years, and been all tin; tiin free fioiii debt. Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Charleslown Vineyard, on the Side of Bunker's Hill, opposite Charle^lown tide Wilniolt's superb Strawberry I'lants.at 25 cents per pL poltod, or S20 per hundred. Also, the follotvini; kind §1 per liundied: Downlon .Strawberry, Pine Sirawbe Mulberry Strawberry, Bath Scarlet, and Koyal Scar from the last nieniioneil sort were produced the I Strawberries in Boston market this season, which 9old< one dollar per box. UAVID HAlUJKRSTOh (X^Thc above plants are for sale, also, ai J. II. R sell's Seed Store, .No. 52, North Market strcti, al - same price. .Aug. tl|-' lirtmtn Geese. For sale 10 pair Bremen ticese of genuine brreil. colori ~ white; — sonieuflhis hrrrd. raised hv the person uhoo henlHive. Ii,ive »<-ii:he(l I'J ll.s. ciirh ulicn ilri-»-.J fa p t.— Iiuiiiire nl thr Srw England Farmer oflici-. PuMishcil e\ery Friilay, nl 5-' per annum, payable • end of the yrnr--bni those who pay witliin si«lj il'nys tn» Itino ol subscribing, nn, eiititU'<1 lo a ilcturliou ol tiiix rrMl [[j* No pn|HT t«itl Iw sent lo a distance without pn\met ing made in ailvaiicr. Priiite.l lor J. II. KussKI.L, by I. K Butts— by » alf ilesiriptiiins of Printing rne Im' cxeneeil lo nir, 1 ilir w ol ciisloinrrs ( >r(lrrs for printing receivrd hy J. M Hfs* ■I Ihe Agricultural Warehouse No. 5! North Market S Published b-j John B. Russell, at JVo. 62 jYorih Market Street, (at the Agrieultural M'arehouse). — Thomas O. Fessendek, Editor. rOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1829. No. 15. AGRICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FiRMER. lERVATIONS ON THE DRUG SARSAPA- RILLA. n the history of this well known plant, it is iiy intention to dwell, but merely to point out Julteration, and distinguishing marks as a The genuine plant was probably first used e simple materia medica of the savages of ico and South America, from whence it was nally brought, and from which country alone II continues to be imported. Its extensive of late years in empirical preparations, has n, no doubt, considerable value to its substi-j and, in consequence, many druggists in this itry are in the habit of vending a spurious ar- as such. In many places, if Sarsaparillabe ired for, the root of a very different plant, ta nudicaulis, will probably be given, which, if uerf, may naturally be supposed possessed of dilferent qualities from the genuine drug. In they are plants of natural families so perfectly let, that nothing can justify the substitution : of fraud. It is true that the late Professor ro^f, of Pennsylvania, and later writers on our 2stic materia medica, have given the Aralia zaidis {pT false Sarsaparilla) a place in their e, and attribute to it some degree of medical icy, and even an approximation to the true iparilla. But surely there are not sufficient nds, on which vo put aside an important nie- e, or to authorize so trifling a substituti"-^ . hence, no doubt, arises often the discrepant ons of physicians on the efficacy of medi- ch, if in nmch demand, are half the time itutcd by spurious articles. In writing on iuljjcct some time ago to Mr Carpe.n-ter, of idelphia, the well known Druggist,he answer- lat tlie Sarsaparilla of the United States had ficacy, and that he could not employ it. {By h, no doubt, he meant the Aralia.) But inde- ent of this common plant, we have, accord- D the diagnosis of LiNNiEOs himself, the genu- arsa])arilla, indigenous to the soil, from the nt vicinity, at least to Florida. This plant is 'milax Sarsaparitia, said likewise to be a native ru, Brazil, and Mexico. It is one of the coni- " Green Briars''^ of the country, a name which all have, commonly, in the middle and south- tates. It is a climbing, slender, angularly hed, thorny, green shrub, with heart-ovate, onate, three-nerved leaves, glaucous, or i-green beneath ; bearing small clusters of ish flowers, succeeded by glaucous, black IS. A good figure is given in Lamarck's rations of Genera, plate 817, fig. 1. Such : plant intended by Linnjeus, but I have, at aiue time, great reason to suppose, that the Sarsaparilla is yet the produce of some enl plant, as the roots of this do not at all jbiacrness, containing a great deal of fecula. The roots of the Aralia are quite pale, almost ash color, of no great length, never coiled up, rather un- equal in thickness, w;tl> a tbick and circularly wrinkled bark, and possessing, a little, the taste of raw parsnip, peculiar to many other of the umbel- liferous tribe of plants to which it appertains. In Europe the roots of several species of Curex, or .'Bedgc-grass are passed off for this drug, particu- larly C. villosa, there called German Sarsaparilla. It would be a very desirable acquisition to the country, to be able to obtain living roots or seeds of genuine Peruvian or Brazilian Sarsaparilla, which might then be cultivated to supply our shops. A -cording to Humboldt, the best is obtained in '•'. ; vicinity of Esmeralda in Brazil, and in the ^v anish West Indies. Near upon 5000 quintals aie annually exported from Vera Cruz. CuLLEN, with his usual prejudice, underrated tho value of this drug ; and indeed its sensible qu; lities would seem to sanction the neglect. Its C: istitutional effect, aided by other things, has, -,;"ever, been long acknowledged, and it is known "it rhis time to enter largely into a celebrated nos- tn ^1 for t!ie cure of scrophula, and regular physi- "'■ -i in tl)e middle and southern states have gen- ei iy tdmittod the usefulness, if not efficacy of t!i compound extract of Sarsaparilla.* In Mexico and South America, according to BIutis, in his cr .respondence with Linn^us, it was confidently rsiied on as a specific for siphilitic complaints, nilM, however, in their character. It is now more c? tainly relied on for a removal of the bad eflects "; .^'"li are often the sbquel of a course of mercn- riai medicine. M. Pallo* a bas succeeded in se- parating from this drug an alkaloid substance termed by him Partllina, in which he supposed the principal virtue of the plant to reside, and describes its effects as extremely debilitating. Still the fluc- tuation of opinion in regard to the efficacy of me- dicines, diversified as are the circumstances under which they are administered, must continue as an opprobrium to the science, in which nothing is often more probable than fallibility ; but to fail in alleviating human misery, is to fail in a great and good attempt. T. NUTTALL. Botanic Garden, } Cambridge, Oct. 27, 1829. \ *This preparation was, I believe, first made by Mr Carpenter of Philadelphia. - FOU THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. CLISIIING PEAR. Mr Editor — In compliance with your request, 1 send you a drawing and description of Col. Wash- ington Cusiiing's (of Hingham,) superior wilding pear, which is destined to hold a high rank among our native pears. I think there is little doubt but it will improve in quality, and increase in size, fiom one-quarter to one-thij-d larger, when culti- vated in our gardens or ploughed fields, as was the case with the Harvard (Epargne) pear. I can with the officinal rfrag .f Those of the real also add the opinion of a gentleman, respecting parilla are exceedingly long, externally ! this variety, whose judgment on fruits is consid- nish, come in long coils, are al.most eve- ere of an equal thickness, and these, about ze of a goose-quill, with a thickish bark, of r an insipid, niucilagiuous taste, and a slight ered first rate, who declared on tasting it, that it was superior to the Bartlett, Harvard, Andrews, Moorfowl, or Swan's Egg. S. DOWNER. Dorchester, Oct. 12, 1829. The before mentioned Pear is a httle under me- dium size, color light green, with a little brownish blush on the sunny side, smooth and shining skin, formed like the Harvard pear, but fuller near the stem, which is three-quarters of an inch long, placed on one -df; of the top, in a little cavity; and a rise oi. tho other. I!lu;,so:n -zni & little in dented, — and is a great and constant bearer, — flesh whitish, melting, buttery, and full of delicious juice, tasting like the Andrews pear, but has more flavor and sprigbtliness. It is in eating the mid- dle of September — It may be recommended with the greatest confidence to the public and our nur- serymen, as one of our finest varieties. [We have been favored by Benjamin Thomas, Esq. of Hingham, nitli the following account of the tree.] CnSHlNG PEAR. Mr Russell — According to my promise, Isend you a hasty account of the pear tree, which pro- duces the Gushing pear, such as I sent you, and which were exhibited at the Anniversary dinner of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Cffl. Washington Gushing is the owner of the tree. He informs me that it is forty years old ; and it now stands where it sprang up from the seed accidentally. It has never been engrafted, nor in- noculated, and therefore, produces its natural fruit. It has. neither been pruned, nor has the ground been broken around its trunk ; but it fs a good bearer, producing fourteen bushels of fruit yearly ; and is not subject to blast. Capt. Charles Shute informs me that'he has a tree in bearing which he took when a small sucker from round the parent tree, and its produce is precisely simi- lar to its pn/i'ent. I have examined the tree, and find its dimen- sions as follows : — twenty inches from the ground ts girth is four feet nine inches — three feet six inches from the ground, it is divided into two 114 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 30, lS-20. branches, which urc nearly |ier|>cijilicular ; ci^ht feel from tlie groiiml one of the hriuichi's is ilivi- dcJ inlo two, und the other into three, ull of whicli are nearly per|ienillerhaps more frequent than is imag- ined— for when observed, the knowledge of the fact is not generally promulgated, and therefore, not so generally considered, as its importance de- serves. I have witnessed, repeatedly, a transformation in some respects similar, and perhaps more marked (being the pear wilh the apple,) than the one re- ferred to above. Having in the yard a pear tree, (the Bon ChrtUen) and an apple, (the So;)Mi'iiif J | standing about twenty feet asunder, (the pear on ' the south side) growing so as to interlock their j branches. The apple tri-i- has for three consecu- 1 live years, borm.' fruit on the side conliguous to, I and interlocked wilh the pear tree, perfectly re-' seiiibling the pear in shape, although retaining the 1 essciiiial ipialitics of the apple, in color anil taste. | Tlirse facts lend to show the expediency, in plant- ' iiig ail orchard, to kecji the diflereiit kinds of 'Soe FoMenden'i New Aroorican Gudtnor, page lOti. ' I CAMELLIA JAPONIC.\, OR JAPAN ROSEt CVLTl'RE OF CAMELLIAS. j Much as we are indebted to Jap.-in and Chi I for elegant plant.s, slill we are more peculiarlv ' for the dilferent species and vorielies of the i niellia, wliicji, for the many beauties it cou trates, may emphatically be called the '• Uiiei j Flowers." The dillerent varit nes of this y ) f^rni the most brilliant display of llie green-bui ^ from December to May, and the splendor of lb , flowers, and richness of their foliage, ar> siirpas.- i by no others. The flowers of many of them <.,\ in size the largest garden rose, and combine a n uhirity of form and richness of coloring, « hi present an admirable contrast with their dt ^ shilling green leaves, and render them the great ornamenls of a room or the green-bouse. TI need less protection than almost any other grei bouse plants; and four of them which were left , the ojieii ground during several w inters, and whii . ; were protected merely by a common frame, rece( ; ed no injury, although the ground in the frame «| [frozen to the depth of live inches. In Englai , several of the varieties are now cultivated in i protected shrubberies, and it is there aniicipal< to naturalize all the others, so as to form a pern, I neiit appendage to the hardy sbriiblicry . I plants have ever yet been introduceil to the p I dens of Eiirojie or .America which have recei» , jto much admiration, and been so much sou; I after, as the varieties of ihe Camellia ; and in co, i Imonwilh other amateurs, the utmost jiaiiis I i I been taken by the aullinr lo obtain all the spleiii, i I new ones, and bis colleclion now includes nb<< > jfifty varieties, with a prosjiect of additional cxti, sion. [Wo copy the following directions for the rnlliirt these Hploiulid plnnts from Chamllpr and lliirkinchti ••Cami;i.i.ia Ukitasmca," publixhed in London f The soil best adapted to the growth of (.'am lios is a mixiiire of |irut or bog earlb ami loam, ' nearly equal proportions: where the loam is pi . liarly light, a less ipiaiitity of |>eat is requisite. I VMI.— No. 15. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Ii5 •th slioulu be well mixed aiul jjassod tliioiigli a 'about thirty-eight years. There are several trees use sieve, reserving the detaclicd portions of It and loam that will not pass tlie sieve to fill bottom or the pots, thereby securing a free .inaj;e, a circumstance indispensable to the suc- s of tlie plants. They require plentiful water- at the respec;ive periods of growth and (lower- ; during the latter, if not regularly sup|)lied, the oni buds will infallibly fall oft' instead of expand- nto flower; at other times a regular and inod- te supply is essential, and the plants will improve ppearauce byoccasionallysprinkling the foliage, time for fresh potting is generally when the ing growth has hardened ; and the dormant ssoms for next season may then be detected in rounded form of the leading buds, wliich afier- •ds usually split into a growing and a blooming After potting, the i)lants may be placed in open air, or retained in the green-house, ac- ling to the season in which they are wanted ower. When families spend the winter in the , it is desirable to have them bloom a little be- Chrlstmas, and if the house is kept up to the mth of a regular hot-house in February and ch, tlie spring growth will be anticipated two ths, and an early, almost an autumnal bloom, be the consequence. With this treatment, the liar watering is the only material circumstance, when the bloom buds are formed, as much IS can be well admitted should be given them, he eftoet of constant watering may be fairly umed to diminish or destroy the vegetative lerty of the small quantity of earth allotted to 1 jilant ; therefore, when the annual repotting irs, to take carefully away as much of the for- ball of earth as can be done without cutting ijnring the roots, and adding fresh, cannot but eneficial. In common with all otiier shrubs, eaves assume a darker green when kept in the and when fresh potted, if the roots have of this species in Bennington, Vt., and New Leii non, N. Y., and several other places in this vicinity, which are as thrifty and flourishing as any other forest trees ; which circumstance satisfactorily proves that they may be profitably cultivated in this climate. "The black walnut" (he continues) " is on sev- eral accounts one of the most valuable trees which can be cultivated by the farmer. Its straight stem and luxuriant foliage make it one of the best as well as one of the handsomest shade trees which can be found in New England ; and unlike most of the trees cultivated for ornament, it ])ro- diices valuable fruit, or nuts, in great abundance. Tlie nuts are better to cat than those commonly known by the name of shag-barks, and are of such a fat consistence that each one will yield about half its weight in oil. The oil is easily obtained, and is of the finest kind. It is useful to burn in lamps, inoducing a remarkably strong and clear light, and is almost entirely free from that disa- greeable odor exhaled from common lamp oil : it is also excellent, both for mixing with paint and for polishing fancy woods, to which it communi- cates an elegant and durable gloss. " The timber is strong and tough in proportion to its weight, beautifully variegated in its shades of color, of a coarse grain, and admits of a high jtol- isli. Before the introduction of mahogany into England, (about the year 1700,) it was chiefly used for cabinet work in England and other parts of Europe ; and it is still considered, both there and in the western part of our own country, to be decidedly superior to cherry, or any other wood except the St Domingo mahogany, for all kinds of cabinet work ; and as decidedly the best timber known for the stocks of all kinds of fire-arms, This tree is indigenous in the western parts of P^-nnsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and in much disturbed, for a limited period that I the northern parts of the Persian empire, where it tion is desirable. In winter protection from i propagates itself like other forest trees. It is also e frost is also needed, the Camellia and Myr- j found in the southern parts of Germany, the east •eing almost equally hardy. The most usual i of France, in those partsof Russia south of Mount lod of propagation is by cuttings taken in July Caucasus, and many trees of it in China. It August from the Single Camellia, which are abounds also in England ; but the climate, though d to strike root more readily than the double favorable to its growth, is too damp and cold to ties ; they are planted in pots half filled with ' ripen the fruit, and it is consequently propagated 'amellia compost described, and the upper half ^ ^y planting the shoots which spring from the roots fine white sand. The pots are plunged in a of the older trees. It is supposed to have been led, which exhales a gentle warmth, and close- introduced into England from Persia, by the Romans, a few years before the commencement of the Christian era, and was subsequently much used in the formation of lances and other imple- ments of war. So valuable is this timber considered in England, that a single tree has been sold within a few years for seven liundred pounds, or about three thousand dollars. " This tree grows very rapidly during the first fifteen or twenty year.", and attains its full size and perfection in about sixty years after being lilanted. Taking into consideration its beauty as a shade tree, its value for timber, and the high price which can always be obtained for its fruit, we think those of our friends who are engaged in planting trees for any of these purposes would do well to give the Black Walnut a share of their at- tention, especially as there is no reasonable doubt but it will grow as well with us as the Maple, Elm, or Lombardy Poplar." aded for three or four months, by which time fibry roots, or a cicatrice, from which they wards diverge, are mostly produced. When iently rooted to bear removal, they are potted f in small pots, the sand being theif carefully ved, for although eflicient in the first instance ! production of fibres, its continuance is inju- ; in fact, they will not long survive if wholly id. When the young plants have attained the f a flowering branch of a double variety, 1 they generally do in three years, they are led, a mode of grafting which differs from >inmon practice in the scion remaining on its t stem till united to the plant to which it is led. xk Walnut. — The editor of the Williamslown lie states that black walnut trees are now on land of Mr David Torrey, in the south f that town, which were planted about fifty I ago, by the father of Mr Torrey, with nuts U from New Jersey. They are of a large lid very thrifty, and have prodirced fruit BRIGHTON SHOW. The Committee, loho were appointed to aicard the premiums on Swine and Sheep, stibmit the follow- ing report : — That they were much gratified to observe the number of Swine offered for premium this year exceeding that of former years. Their general character and breed appeared to be much im- proved, and all of them shew strong evidence of care in the selection, and attention to the best pro- perties. But although there was a general ira- jirovenient in all the Swine, your Committee could not discover among them a boar possessing such superior qualities as to entitle him to the first premium. After a careful examination they have awarded To John King, of Medford, the second pre- mium for his boar, jjg To John Mackay, of Weston, the third pre- mium for the next best boar, $5 To William Stone, of South Boston, the first jiremium for the best sow, $12 To John Mackay,of Weston, the second pre- mium for the next best sow, $3 To James Robbins, of Watertown, the first premium for the best pigs, not less than four months old, $10 To Jonas Smith, the second premium for the next best pigs, $5 The young boar offered by Mr Mackay, was of his peculiar breed, well formed, and of good pro- mise, and under Mr Mackay's judicious manage- ment will be a great acquisition to his stock. The boar presented by Henry Martin, of Salem, was of the Bedford breed, and is much valued for the good qualities of his stock. JOHN HEARD, Jr. SAMUEL JAQUES, Jk. THOMAS WILLIAMS. The trustees having limited the premiums to three different breeds of Sheep only ; the Carama- nian, or Camlet wool, the Dishley, or New Lei- cester, and South Down, none but the Dishley, or New Leicester, were presented for premium, viz : A ram and three ewes by Stephen Williams, Esq. of Northborough, which were bred by him from imported pure blooded Dishley sheep. A ram and six ewes, by John Prince, Esq. of Roxbury, which he received from Halifax the week preceding the Cattle Show, and by a letter accompanying them, they are stated to be from a flock " imported from England, and highly recom- mended as of pure New Leicester, or Dishley breed." A young ram, by Samuel Jaques, Jr. Esq. of Charlestovvn, from the flock imported by Horace Gray, which were selected with great care and attention by Jo.shua Bate."!, Esq. from one of the best flocks in England. Mr Jaques having offered a sheep for premium dechned giving any opinion, and retired from the committee, the other members, assisted by a gen- tleman, whose knowledge, experience, and judg- ment justly merits the highest approbation, after a close and thorough examination of all the sheep, do adjudge To Samuel Jaques, Jr. the first premium, for the be.sit Dishley ram, $30 To Stephen Williams the first premium for the best Dishley ewe, $30 The comniiMee cannot but hope, that consider- ing the liberal premiums the trustees have offered for Sheep, a greater number, and of diflferent breeds, will in future be presented. JOHN HEARD, Jr. THOMAS WILLIAMS. 116 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 36, 1929. BRIOIITON snow. Tht Commiltee on Inventions Htporl us futtotrs : — A. Hale & Co. or.Soutli lioston, i-ntered for ex- hiliilioii, four Uarrels, two Imlf-barn l:s, aiiJ two Kegs of tlicir ninnul'actDrc, principally l)y ma- cliincry, which is now in successful cpiniiion. — The articlt.'S ujipeMrfJ to bo of 8U[)crior ipiulity and \forkiiian.flii|), and the Coiiiniittco uiulei?loO(J, by tho use of this machine, a great saving of labor is obiuinc.\ S I \:L TH K.V D \V i; LL, } CommUUe. DAVIU MOODY, j Brigltlon, Oct. 11, 1829. From tho Albany Argus. THE VINE. This is tho season, in our northern climate, for enjoying the delicious fruits of the vine ; and thanks to our enterprising and jiersevering cultiva- tors, we are enabled to do bo to a reasonable ex- tent. By the notice of our friend, Capt. Fay, of Fay's Hill, it will be perceived that he offers now the fruits of his vineyard. This is the first bearing year, from a slip. Four years ago he prepared his grounds, and put out his cuttings. Now he has two hundred vines of the Catawba in full bearing, for wine, besides tho Constantia and Bland Madei- ra, for the same purpose : and an indefinite quan- tity of the White sweet water, Hamburgh. Fron- tignac, Isabella, and Winne, for tlie table. He is now jireparing for the process of wine making, some hundreds of gallons of which, lie will make this year, and will extend it as his vines multiply their products. Of the wine-grape, Cajit. Fay prefers the Ca- tawba; concurring with Maj. Adlum, of George- town, in this respect. This is a native of North Carolina, and is considered the best wine grape in the United States. It is a very great and certain bearer, and will produce (says Maj. Adlum) a great- er variety of good wines, than any other known grape — from Tokay and Champaigne down to Sanlcrne. Of the table-grape, not only Capt. Fay's vine- yard, but the extensive gardens of Judge Buel, Mr Denniston, Mr Delavan, Mr Slingerland, Col. Bacon, Mr Wilcox, and other gentlemen, produce many varieties, and in great abundance. Of the foreign varieties, the white sioeet icater. (which we are told is but a synonyme for the Chasselas.) is the most cultivated, and is, on the whole, the best. But of the native grape, the preference is given, among us, to the Isabella : indeeil, of all varieties for our yards, jiiazzas, and small ganlens, it has obtained a decided preference. Mr William Prince states, tliat this grape is a native of Dorchester, South Carolina, and was introduced into this state by Mrs Isabella Gibbs, the lady of George Gibbs, F.s(]. of St. Augustine, who then resided in Brook- lyn, L. I. ; and that in honor of Mrs G. it has been called " Isabella /^rapc." For vigor of growth, and abundant yield, it exceeds any other yet cultivated in this country. It is a dark purple fruit, is ex- tremely hardy, rerpiiring no protection during the winter, ami a certaiu bearer. It is sweet and jui- cy, resembling in many respects the ff'innt grape, which is a northern native, and much cultivated here. Among the other/oreig-n table grapes wliich are already inlr-rty .Miiscnt, MHUr's linrgunily, S,-c. There ar<' about 00 varieties of foreign grapes in tho Albany Nursery, piut of which have liorno this year for the first lime. A fcnv years will enable us to ilerido on their relative ineriiH, and liliiess for our climate. Of;m/iVi kinds, .Messrs Buel &, Wilson have the liland's /'i>n-i'm"a, or J'owtll, Oncicksburgh aud Etsingburgh. I.and- rieth rates these above the Isabella and Cata* fur the table. The Scu;)/(f rnonir and h'orllii arc also native varieties, recommended for I'rofesser Gimbrede, of West Point, sent !• recent honicutural exhibition al.New York, nt It a dozen kinds of native grapes, raised by liim fi native seed, some of uncommon large size i fine flavor. We enumeraie these varieties, for benefit of those gentlemen who may wish lo tivate several kinds. In the mean time, no who has a yard ten feet square, should bo wit! an Isabella ; and, if he will devote one hour year to taking care of it, a Chasselas or s» water. In this country, within the last ten years, public attention has been turned towards tho i tivation of the vine ; and the production has bj-i greatly increased. Except in a few inslan however, wine-making has not been introdu' the culture having been limited chiefly to t uocs. But the lapse of a few years, will see i titudes of vineyards, and the art of making ? a familiar occu))ation. That it should be so certainly desirable. Maj. .Vdlum, in the iniro< tory remarks to his treatise "on the culiivaiioi the vine in .\merica," says, that he " has no qi tion that it will eventually be the most jirofit article of agriculture in the United States, and he is ver)' sure we will make more wine on same space of ground than any other coun , that we will rival the world as to the quality o and that if right instructions are followed, we - make little or none so bad as the common w - of other countries:" and he adds that "there be no reason why every farmer sliould not li vineyard, as well as an ap[ile or peach orr without its interfering in any degree with his o pursuits, whether in the cultivation of grain o. bacco, cotton or sugar, and more profitable ■ either of them." But, aside from its iiitrodut as a matter of profi:, it may be otTered as a po' lul auxiliary of the present ctrorts for the vention ami sup])ression of intemperance ; I requires only a limited fiirecast to perceive unless tho friends of temperance interjiose a stilute, in some shape, for ardent spirits, their pose, after all, will be thwarteil. And wlia well designed fi>r such a sidistitute as cheap, healthy, and abundant native wine .' As an article of diet, few fruits arc so pah hie, nutritious, or harmless as the grape. If they may be freely taken on the most del stomach, and in some countries, say Italy, Swi land, and France, they constitute, during their son, tlie most important article of diet. A gc man assures us, that twice, during attacks o verc bilious fever, he literally lived upon Isa grnpps for a fortnight ; that he ate them wit restraint, and without any ill eflect ; and that were the only food his stomach craved, or ret» without injury. f.: I < The fidlowing method of removing grcnsoi oil spots from silk and other articles, without ry to the colors, is given in the Journal dcs naissances Usmdlcs. — Take tho yolk of an eg;; put a little of it on the spot, then place over piece of white linen, and wet it with boiling Wi rub thu liiu'ii with the liaiiil, and repi ..it iIjc , cess three or four times, at each tin fresh boiling water, the linen is to inovoil, and the part thus treated is to In- with clean cold water. Vol. Vm.— No. 15. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 118 >N THE CULTIVATION OF HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, &c. 'rom Notes taken by an American gentleman while in Holland.] Tlie proper sol! for bulbs, in general, is a light rich il, mixed with a considerable portion of fine sea nd ; and the compost generally used, is one third le sand, one sixth rich loam, one third cow dung and e sixth leaves of trees. The two last to be well tted, and at least two years old ; with this mix- re, the beds are formed two feet deep, at least, and ised four or six inches above the level of the gar- n, to turn off rain. The proper time of planting is the months of October and November, though it ly answer by the first of December — provided the ound remains sufficiently open. Hyaciktus may be set six inches apart from each her, and each bulb placed in fine sea sand and vered with it. After the bed is thus planted, cover e whole carefully with earth four inches. When e winter is fairly set in, (say from the 1st to the 10th December) then cover with leaves, straw, or sea- jed, four or six inches deep, which should be re- 3ved early in the spring ; a part of it, perhaps as rly as the 20th of February, and the remainder iring March. M'ith too much protection, the bulbs aw up weak and pale, and are materially injured. jring their bloom, it will be proper to support the lis by small sticks, and protect them from heavy ins and the sun. The flower stems should be cut oft' soon as they have faded, and the beds left exposed til the leaves are nearly dried, when the bulbs ould be taken up, the leaves cut oft" half an inch )m the top of the bulb, and then replaced (sideways) ith the fibres on and covered with earth, there to y gradually for a month ; when tliey are to be ken up, cleaned from the earth and fibres, and each db wrapped in a separate paper in a dry place, and iquently aired, or to be packed in dry sand. When wanted for the parlor, they should be planted September, (if to blow early in the winter) in deep irrow pots, six inches in diameter at the top, and lOut one third deeper than common flower pots, be soil the same as before mentioned, and the bulb be just covered by it. They .should not be wa- red from the top, but the pots should stand, twice week, in saucers filled with water. Let them have much air and sun as possible, and not suffer them feel the direct injlucnce of the fire— for heat forces e stem out before the bells have time to form and ac- m vigor and beauty, men the flowers begin to en,give as much water as the earth mil imbibe. To preserve these bulbs, they sliould, as soon as e bloom is over, be turned out of the pot with fibres id earth, and put in a prepared bed in the garden, to treated afterwards as those growing in open ound. By this mode tlie bulbs will not be materi- ly injured, and will blow well the second year. ''hereas those grown on glasses or forced are seldom lod for any thing afterwards. Single IIvacinths are preferable to most double les for early flowering in winter ; being two or three eeks sooner in bloom. Their colors are more briU- nt and the bells more numerous than the double. TnLiPs are hardier than the hyacinth, and in open ound may be planted four inches apart, coveiod two three inches with earth. The Polyanthus Narcissus should be planted s inches deep and eight inches apart, and carefully otected from frost, being the most tender of the libs. Unless taken up after bloom, it will grow in e autumn and suffer during winter. Depth and distances. Hyacinths, amaryllis, marta- )n, and other large Idies, and pa;onies, should be anted at the depth of four inches ; crown imperi- f, and polyanthus narcissus, five inches ; tulips, luble narcissus, jonquilles, colchicums and snow- ikes, three inches ; bulbous irises, crocuses, arums, lall fritellarias, tiger flowers, gladiolus, and snow- dps, two inches ; ranunculus, anemones, oxalis, and ig's-tooth violets, one inch ; always measuring from e top of the bulb. The rows should be about ten ches apart, and the roots be placed from four to six ches apart in the rows, according to their size. Method to bloom hyacinlhs and other bulbs in the winter season, in pots or glasses. For this purpose, single hyacinths, and such as are designated earliest among tlie double, are to b^ preferred. Single hya- cinths are generally hold in less estimation than dou- ble ones ; their colors, however, are more vivid, and their belts, though smaller, are more numerous. Some of the finer sorts are exquisitely beautiful ; they are preferable for flowering in winter to most of the double ones, as they bloom two or three weeks ear- lier, and are very sv.'eet scented. Roman narcissus, double jonquilles, polyanthus narcissus, double nar- cissus, and crocuses, also make A fine appearance in the parlor during the winter. It is a remarkable cir- cumstance of the crocus, that it keeps its petals ex- panded during a tolerably bright candle cr lamp light, in the same way as it does during the ligiit of the sun. If the candle be removed, the crocuses close their petals, as they do in the garden when a cloud obscures the sun ; and when the artificial light is restored, they open again, as tliey do with the re- turn of the direct solar rays. Hyacinths intended for glasses should be placed in them about the middle of November, the glasses being previously filled with pure water, so that the bottom of the bulb may just touch the water; then place them for the first ten days in a dark room, to promote the shooting of the roots, atter which expose them to the light and sun as much as possible. They will blow, however, without any sun ; but the colors of the flowers will be inferior. The water should be changed as it becomes impure ; draw the roots en- tirely out of the glasses, rince oft' the fibres in clean water, and tlie glasses well washed inside ; care should be taken not to suffer the water to freeze, as it not only bursts the glasses, but often causes the fibres to decay. Whether the water bo hard or soft is of no great consequence ; but soft oi rain water is considered preferable, but it must be perfectly clear. FoTctd bulbs art seldom good for any thing after- wards. Nosegays should have the water in which their ends are inserted changed, on the same principle as bulbous roots; and a much faded nosegay, or one dried up, may often be recovered for a time, by covering with a glass bell, or cap, or by substituting warm wa- ter for cold. From Adium's Memoirs on the Cullivalion of ihe Vine. TO PRNPAGATE GRAPE VINES FROM SEEDS. When vines are to be rai.sed from seeds, they should be sowed the latter end of February, or be- ginning of March, or they may be sowed as late as the middle of April; but the earlier the better, in rows, in borders, or in beds. Sow the seed in rich, light earth, (well spaded and raked) about an inch deep, and if the weather is dry, water them occasionally, and wiien the seeds begins to vege- tate, the plants should be watered iu the evenings in dry weather. When the ))lants are six JMches high, they should be carefully tied to rods, leaving only one stem the first year; the rods should be nearly as high as the vines are likely to grow the first season. — When the leaves begin to drop, pull oflf as they turn yellow, so that tlie wood may ri- peu well. About the latter end of March, the next season, they may be planted out where they arc intended to remain, and they should be cut oft" to the third eye if very strong, but only to the second, if weak, rubbing off" the lower bud with the finger and thumb. And afterwards they are to be managed as the cuttings that arc planted in the vineyard. But it is to be observed, that the vines propagated from seed do not all bear fruit, probably not more than the half of them ; therefore, if they are strong growing vines, I would advise to engraft all the barren ones. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1829. CATTLE SHOWS, EXHIBITION OF MANU- FACTURES, &c. The Annual Cattle Show andJF"air of the Berk- shire County Agricultural Society was holden on the 7th and 8th inst. The Argus, (Pittsfielil news, paper) says, " Our streets were literally thronged : and from the unusual number who were gutheicil together on this occasion, we may infer the fact, that the interest felt in these exhibitions by the in- telligent and hardy yeomanry of Berkshire, so far from abating, increases with every repetition : — and the practical utility of them is happily illus- trated by the certainly wonderful improvement which is manifested in every department of agri- culture. The Ploughing Match was conducted with much spirit and skill by nine competitors. The Address by Henry Hubbard, Esq. was well adapted to the occasion. It set forth the dignity and advantages of agricultural pursuits, and com- manded universal ajqjrobation." The Committee on Agricultural Products, in their Report observe that, " The crops of English trrain, the present year, with the exception of Spring wheat, have seldom been surpassed, either in luxuriance of growth, or value of harvest. I-n the culture of these important articles of subsist- ence and wealth, there is a manifest improvement. Ihider the influence of the spirit which this Soci- civ has elicited, by bringing together, annually, many of our best farmers, who com])arc their dif- ferent modes of culture, and seek out the means of making the earth yield her hundred folil, tho land has assumed a new and more productive as- pect, and the hand of labor with increasing skill and industry reaps a more plentiful reward." The corn crops, they state, had not realized our ' hopes at seed time, having been injured by cold and drought. "The early planted corn and pota- toes suffered much less by the drought than the later, and the great difference in their value is an exhortation to us to improve the first buddings of the spring.' The Committee awarded to Deacon Josiah Jones, of Stockbridge, for the best two acres of Winter wheat, §8, and slated that " this crop of wheat will yield 30 bushels to the acre." There were fourteen pieces of Corn entered for iiremi- ums. The Committee also mention "specimens of Currant and Elder Wine offered by Messrs Henry K. and Nelson Strong, prepared without spice or spirit of any kind." The Committee on the Ploughing Match observe " We have seen farmers ploughing with two or three yoke of oxen and a horse, with a boy riding, a driver who would occasionally ride upon the plough-beam, and the ploughman tripping and twitching as if violently exercised by a pov^-erful opponent at wrestling — now we see a man with one yoke of oxen, driven by himself, and his plough held by himself, and directed by a gentle touch of either hand, and marching forward with apparent ease and certain expedition, with as much pride as if he were a Roman soldier entering Constantinople. " Limited as we are by the Society to a furrow eleven inches wide, and five inches deep, we have but little to do or say — we would, however, r«- spectfully recommend to the Society, in future, not to limit us to width or depth, or time, but that he 118 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 30, 1629. who ploughs quickest ami best, with the least ex- pense, should be entitleil to the 6rst prctiiiutn. " The Committee deterniincil to limit the plough- ing one fourth of an acre to forty iiiiniitcs, exclu- sive of five minutcN respite, which was at tlie ex- piration of twenty minutes, anil niinounced the same to the ploughmen before starting." CULTIVATION OF HEMl'. The Worcester j-Egis of the 14th inst. states, " an interesting commueiication was made to the Worcester Agricultural Society by the President on the subject of the cultivation of Flux and Hemp." In this it was observed tliut "during the [last year, more than twenty thousand bushels of grain of the various kind.s, including Oats, Kye, Corn, and Barley, had been brought into our County from remote places, by way of I'rovidence. It was in conscipiencc^ of tliis fact that the cnlti- vation of Flax and Hemp was recommended. That industry which had been heretofore directed 10 the raising of grain in this vicinity, must be di- verted and applied to other objects of agriculture ; nt least so much of it as was necessary to the pro- duction of the quantity of the importcil grain as mentioned above. It might seem from this, that agriculture had been afl'ccled prejudicially by the canal from this place to Providence, and in this particular it was no doubt true ; but in almost everything else it had been greatly benefited. The price of the 20,000 bushels of grain has been more than saved in the diminished sum at which the article of Plaster of Paris alone may be purchased. Lime, and many other articles have been procured at lower prices, and probably con- sumed in the same districts where the imported grain might have been raised. We say nothing of the new market created for much of our pro- diice, and the greater facilities of transportation." The same paper presents copies of two letters on cultivating hemp, from H. L. Uak.vl'm to Gov. Li-^coL.-v, from which the following passages are extracted. "No branch of agriculture is so well calculated at the present time, to promote the interests of in- dividuals, or the prosperity of tho country, as the culture of Hemp and Flax. "Tho demand for these articles will be shown by the following statements : — In 1827, the value of hempen fabrics imported into the United States, amoimtcd to $2,154,615. In addition to this, large sums are annually ex- pended in equipping American vessels in foreign jiorts, where such equipments can be obtained chca|)cr than in the ports of the United States. The Navy of tho United States, which is now far from being inconsiderable, and is rapidly increas- ing, as well as their cointncrcial tonnage, (at pre- sent anwunting to more than one million and a half) must always create a great and increasing demand for hemp. "The Navy ('ommissioncrs, in llnir Reports on this subject, state that tho American llemp is in all respects much preferable to the Russian Hemp. Why not, therefore, encourage domestic mnnufac- turcs, secure fortunes to ourselves, and save our country tlie ex|>ensc of large smns of money, sent abroad for articles which we are better colculatcd to rniso at home ? " The advantages or profits to bo derived from this business, will probably bo made apparent by the following exhibit of the expenses and proceeds attending it. One acre of good land, suitable for corn or po- tatoes, will average one-third of a ton of hemp, which is a cash article in marki;t, at from 200 to 235 per ton. Taking the lowest of these, the value of the hemp from one acre would be ^66 60 7 bushels of seed at $3 i)er bushel, 21 00 $87 66 Deduct the expense of 2 bushels of seed for sowing, $6 00 Do. labor in ploughing, sowing, and har- vesting, 5 00 Do. for dressing, 20 00 $31 00 Which, deducted from $87,66, leaves $56,60 proceeds from one acre. 1 hove in my possession, certificates from gen- tlemen of the fir.?t respectability, stating that the net profits of land of a middling quality, sown to hemp, the last season, was §85 per acre. These facts need no comment, for I consider them suflicient inducements for agriculturists to engage in growing lleirqi and Flax. I am now travelling through the New England States for the purpose of encouraging the culture of these valuable products, by giving the necessary information respecting the manner of cultivating and dressing them for market or for manufactur- ing. Credentials will be presented from oflicers of the General Government." Brighto.n Market. — Monday, Oct. 26. ( Keponed for ihe Clironicle and Fairioi.) Ciiltle — 1956 at market. We do not recoil of wilne-ssing a more biii-y, acli\e market eriment, that there is an attraction of the same nature between the under surface of leaves and the surface of the earth. This I con- sider as the cause of the phenomenon. I had long observed that tho most fruitful or- chards, and the most fertile trees, arc those plant- ed on a declivity, and the steeper it is, though not quite a precipice, the more fertile will they prove. It is well known that the spreading of trees al- ways renders them fruitful. On a plain, however, they incline to shoot iqiwards : and therefore, art is culled in by skilful gardeners, and applied in va- rious ways to check their perpendicular, and to promote their lateral growth. But this point, which can only be gained on a plain by art, is ob tained on a declivity by nature. There a tree Iom^s its tendency to shoot upwards, and in order to pre- serve its branches iiarallel with the surface, is con- strained to put them in a lateral direction. Hence an important rule in the choice of or- chards and garl ultural subjects, addressed to the President, are to be pub- regularly in the New England Farmer, so that this jour- II contain the complete Transactions of the Society. concentrating all these advantages, it is thought that '■^ flumes of the New England Farmer will contain so large "|1 3Ction of useful facts, and experiments connected with ag- ire and its kindred branches of gardening, orcharding, s to be found worthy a place in the Library of every \ weekly report of the sales of the cattle at Brighton slate of the markets, crops, &c. — and occasionally draw- f agricultural implements, ifec. will be found in this journal. New England Farmer is published every Friday morn- ihe low price of g3 00 per annum, from which a discount lents is made to those who pay in advance. It will not t to new subscribers at a distance without payment being in advance. Gtenlleinen who procure fiv& subscribers, and forward the :nt for the same, will be allowed a sixth copy gratis. — ubscrihers can be furnished with the back numbers of •rent volume. jBditors with whom we exchange, who may feel disposed this one or two insertions, will confer a favor that will procated with pleasure on anv occasion. Quilled Pink— Two Colored, &c. The expense to packing is but trifling, and Can be sent in tiiiie to have the whole bloom the present autumn. Also the genuine Grcriltc Rose, a.t $1 each— not budded, but strong plants from layers. Also, an extensive collection of the Camellia japonir a or Japan Rose— the double White — Red — Crimson — Buft' — Paony flowered. Pink, Striped, and Lady Hume's Bbisli or Ponipone, at .f3 each, in full bud to bloom this winter— Welbankiana or White Pojony flowered G to Jjiy — Cocclnea or Scarlet, $8 — Sesanqua roseo pleno, $8 — all strong, thriving plants. A beautiful collection of Ciclamens, 7.5 cts. each ; some of which bloom in winter — together with a choice collection of Green House and Hot House plants, which for strength and vigorous growth, are not excelled in the United States. Our pri- ces are moderate, as may be seen by the rates we offer the above fine plants. Orders left with Mr Russell, at the Ofllce of the New England Farmer, will meet prompt attention, G. THORBURN & Son, o30 3t Florists — G7 Liberlij Street, A'ew York. Fruit Trees. WM. PRINCE, the Proprietor of the Linna;an Botanic Garden and Nurseries at r'lishing, Long Island, has the pleasure of informing the public, that his Nursery now contains 287 varieties of the Apple, 290 do. of the Pear, 98 do. of Cherries, 183 do. of Plums, 33 do. of Apricots, 197 do. of Peaches, 29 do. of Nectarines, 14 do. of Almonds, 22 do. of Mulberries, 10 do. of Quinces, 47 do. of Figs, 21 do. of Currants, IG do. of Raspberries, 57 do. of Gooseberries, 30 do. of Strawberries, 407 do. of Grapes, GOO do. of Ornamental Tree-s, &c. The different varieties cannot be otherwise than genuine, as the great- est attention is paid, and nearly all the kinds are inocul- ated from bearing trees. The Cherry, Peach, and other Trees, are generally of a large size. Catalogues may be obtained of J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Ware- house, No. 52, North Market-street, gratis ; and orders left there or sent by mail, will meet prompt attention. SHORT HORNED CATTLE. The subscriber will sell at auction, at his Farm in East H'indsor, Con. on Wednesday the Wlh day of J^oveuiber next, 2 Cows, I -2 blood Improved Durham Short Horns. 2 Bulls, 1-2 do. do. do. do. do. 2 Heif. calves, 1-2 do. do. do. do. 1 Heifer, 3-4 do. do. do. do. 1 Bull, 3-4 do. do. do. do. 3 Cows, 1-2 Holderness. 1 do. 1-2 do. and 1-4 Inipr. Dur. Short Horns. 3 Heifers, 1-4 do. and 1 -2 do. do. do. do. 1 Bull calf, 1-4 do. and 5-8 do. do. do. do. 1 Heifer, 1-2 Ayrshire. The cows and heifer are with calf by the Improved Durham Short Horned Bull Wye Comet. ALSO— 30 Half Blood Saxon Rams, and 1 yoke of Working Oxen. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock A. M, HENRY WATSON, East Windsor, Oct, 27, 1829. Lectures on Entomology. Doctor SToitER proposes to deliver a short course of Lectures on Entomology, to such Ladies and Gentlemen as may wish to cultivate a general taste for that sci- ence. An introductory Lecture to the course, will be given, Monday evening, Nov. 2, at 7 o'clock at Tremont Hall, first door North of Montgomery Place, Tickets may be obtained at the Bookstores of Carter &, Hen- dee, and jMarsh & Capen, Washington-street, or of the Lecturer, 298 Washington-street, Terms of the Cour.se — For a single person, $3 For a family, ^5 Grape Vines. The subscriber offers for sale Grape Vines of several varieties, the produce of his own garden ; among them are the following: — 300 Isabellas, some now in bearing, only 2 years old ; 600 do. one year old ; 300 white Muscadine, from 2 to 3 years rid, many now in fruit ; Black Cape ; Queen ; Early Oval ; Black Hamburg ; Napoleon ; Malaga, &c. &c. Application, by letter or otherwise, will receive im- mediate attention, and if required, the vines will be packed in such manner as to ensure their safety for any reasonable time or distance. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. Oct. 9. 4t 74, Congress-street. Black American Walnuts. of the Black American Wamut will be for sale Agricultural Warehouse, Boston, next week, at per dozen.— Also, Bland's Virginia Grape Vine. Fruit, Ornamental Trees, Sfc. FOR sale at the KENRICK ESTABLTSH.MENT in NEWTON, near BOSTON, The proprietors of this establishment oifer for sale an exten- sive assortment of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cherries, Plums, Apricots, Nectarines, Mulberries, and Quince Trees; Currants, Gooseberries, Grape vines. Raspberries, Strawberries, &c, &c. White .Mulberry Trees hy the hundred oi- thousand, Isabel- la Grape Vines cither singly or at reduccti prices by the hun- dred. Of hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Roses about 150 choice varieties, among which may be enumerated the Hnr.se Chesnut, Ailanihus, or tree ol heaven, Caialpas, Mountain Ash, ■i varieties of Elms, Three Thorned Acacia, or Honey Locust, Purple tloweriiig Acacia, Butternuts, Silver Kirs, Larches, Su- gar Maples, Weeping Willows, &c. Written orders addres.sed to John or William Kenrick, and directed to New/on, will duly arrive by the daily mail and re- ceive prompt and personal attention, or orders may be left with Joseph Bridge, ,\gent, at his .Seed and Grocery Store, Court-street, [5oston, where Catalogues may be obto' plicati at the New England Farmer Office Packages put up suitably for shippin Grape Vines for Sale. The subscriber offers for sale at the C*.iarleslown Vineyard, mill side of Bunker's Hill, a good collection of Vines of supe- 3r European Table Grapes, at the customary prices, of the lowing sorts : — Black Hamburg, White Muscadine, or Sweet Water, Black Cape, White Chasselas, Black Cluster, Golden Chasselas, Miller's Burgundy, and some other varieties. Orders lor the above may be left at J, B. Russell's Seed Store .No. 62 North Market Street, or at the Vineyard, with the subscriber. DAVID HAGGEKSTON. Charlestown.Oct, 23, 1829, Farm Wanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containintr 50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good and convenient House, Barn, &c. situated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms offered, will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. eptf JVo. 3.5, JVew England Farmer, wanted. A liberal price will be paid at this Office, for any num- ber of copies of No. '35, vol. vii. of the New England Farmer. Printers with whom we exchange, and others who do not preserve files of their papers, will oblige us by re- turning that number by mail. Oct. 30. Cobb^s improved Reel. For sale at tlie Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Mar- t street, Cobb's improved Reel for winiling silk from the co- coons. The improvement consists in the distributing rod, the Reel, and method oftightening the band — for which a premium was awarded by the .Agricultural Society al their late exhibition at lirighlon. Likewise, Machines for doubling, twisting, and spinning Silk. Oct. 30. Ferkin.':' Improved Sheer Steel Potato Hoes. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, .52, North Market street, a further supplj' of Perkins' Improved Sheer Steel Potato or Cultivating Hoes. This article which is not only used for digging potatoes but for all purposes for which they can be applied, is found superior to any Hoe now in use. Also, Carter's patent Iron Block Letters and Figures, for which a premium was awarded by the .Agricultural ; or. Catalogues may be "obtaiiie'd of J. li. Russeil, j Society, at their late exhibition and recommended by the " ■ " " '""' I Society to every town in the State to own a set, and in ■dered, and I all cases to have their sign boards marked with those delivered in Boston, free of charge, lor Iran^purtatioii Oct. 20. 4t Letters. Oct, 30. 120 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 30, 1829. MISCELLAIVIES. USEFUL POETRY. The following in extracted from a poem of consijera- blo length, lately published in tho Esttx Ilc^isUr, and dedicated to the Essex .Igricullural H'ocicttj It is dated VVcnham, and is signed " .1 FarmeT." The Editor of tho Register well observes, that though the lines " pos- leaa nol tho gaudy and tinsel attractions of most of our i:K>dcrn poetry, they combine, wo think, tli« properties of good sense, good advice, useful information, and valu- able instruction, which arc rare qualities in tho poetic productions of tho day." " THE MULBERRY TREE." T were easy, hero to domonstrato How easy 't is to cultivate And sprc.-id this troe around the land. And shortly all its wealth command, Yet still wo sec the barren elm, Or blasted poplar hold tho realm. Or useless willows drain thcaoil. Or barren pino tho fields despoil. If ye aspire to fame and case, Stock well your farm with mulberry trees : Tho silk-worm will their w^orth unfold And coin their foliage into gold. Suppose that you have never known, And are not curious to be shown The simple culture of the worm ; Your neighbors may the thing perform, And then the leaves, which you produce, bi skilful hands become of use. The farmer who would make pretence To taste, sho.'ld have a hedge row finco ; No tree that's known, so quickly grows, Or looks so uniform in rows. It springs from cuttings, or from seeds. And overcomes poor sails and weeds. In four full years will make a fence, With, of all things, the loast expense. And when, instead of walls or rails. The mulberry hedge around prevail?, Tho lands produce a mine of wealth. Employment, happiness, and health. The mulberry grows on any soil, Requires no aid, and little toil. And the best silk is alwavs found, When fed v/ith leaves of!" sandy ground ; While a rich h*oil will learcs produce, Abounding in a watery juice. And upon which, if worms arc ted,' They make a coarse and weaker thread. The auih"- of the Koue, descrihing a winter in Loniloii, say<, " Peo|)Ic of fashion lamented the distress of their countryincn, and gave hundreds to Bomo foreign fidlcr: wept for the uneni|jloyed weavers, and ordered tlieir dresseH of Frencli silk : sidisrribed for the relief of the Worrester glover*', but i-lothed their taper fingers in I'ari.sinn manufac- ture: wondered at tho stale of the Knglish drama, and went every night to the Italian ()[iera and French play, whilo tlie national theatres presented nothing but a beggarly account of omjity boxes." — [Alight not our wealthy people find a liint in this .'] — Ma3$. Jour. There is a good deal-of saucy wit in Lord By- ron's anecdote of the fair aslronomcr.s : — He says, some literary ladies being asked how lliey could bo sulTicicntly interested in astronomy to spend bo much time in watching the heavens, replied, that they had a great curiosity to see whether there waa really a ma.n in the moon ! — Ibid. Hyperbole. — A Vermont Horse jockey boasting tlic other day of the speed of his horse, grarely asserted that he could trot seTcnteen miles an hour. "Seventeen miles an hour!" says a by- stander, "I guess that's a thumper." " My dear fellow," rei)lied he of the Green .Alountain," sev- enteen miles an hour is no great for the creature now ; for when he was but two years old, the ligMmng killed the old mare, and chased the colt ail round the pasture, without getting within ten rods of him. — Ibid. called a foolish prophecy, or an idle dream r By t means — it is perfectly practicable. — Mactaggarl Three Years in Canada. The best Castor Oil now used is made in th country. Several years since, this medicine w a very nauseous one: it not unfrerjuenlly caus« the throats of patients to smart by reason of i rancidity. It is now sold destitute of every u |)leasant smell, and as transparent as water. O ansociatious stiil cause many persons to shudder its name : yet we hear of tome who regard t' flavor of it as similar to that of walnuts, and o in particular declares that he could relish it ' bread. No disputing tastes like these. j! Fruit Trees, 1,-c. for Sate. The subscribe,- wishing to give up the cultivation Fruit Trees, olfers a handsome lot of .Ippt* Treis best sorts. Also Cherry Trees, Peach Trees, and a fi Plum Trcet, of several new varieties. Horse Chesnu Catalpa.s, Butternuts, While .Mulberries, and super plants of Honeysuckles! Althcas, &c. &c. Tho wb' would bo sold at 3.3 1-3 per cent, discount from his usi low prices, or by the hundred, at a discount of 2.") per ce A memnrindum of sorts may be seen at Mr. Hi ssi 1 1 New England Farmer Office. JOHN PRI.NCH Jamaica I'lain, Oct. rf, li?2y. I can also spare a few young Pear Trees (raised fr seed) ; and one and two years old from buds of the J nev} sorts, at 75 cents each. Two whiskcrid dandies, with hair enough under their chins to make a grenadier's cap, went to tho British In.^titution. On reading tho inscription over the door, " No dogs admitted," the foremost turucd to bis friend, and wittily observed " You niust go back, Fred, you see they don't admit you." "Oh, don't be frightened, gentlemen," naid ll-e doorkeeper, "you may both come in ; " adding, u-s be quieily pocketed their casli, "the re- gulation does not extend to puppies." '■ Mexico. — Tho Mexican Congress, in 1824, esti- mated the population of the Republic at 6,204,000. Mr Ward carries it so high as 8,000,000. The Mexican Indians consist of a considerable number of distinct tribes, speaking languages entirely dif- ferent, not less than 20 of which have been traced. The Indian population Is situated chiefly in the great jilains towards th6'i?outh. They are igno- rant and apathetic, but not deficient in intelligence. — On(! of them being asked for whom he would vote at an approaching election for Congress, an- swered— " For the Holy Ghost." — A*. Gaz. Tomato Mustard and Kttchup. For sale at the Agricultur.-il Warehouse, No. .'2 No Marke", street. Tomato Mustard, an excellent article beef steaks, roast meats, &c. made in the best man by a person regularly educated at the business in Eur< — price 50 cents per bottle — also. Tomato Ketchup, p pared by the same person, in different sized bottle prices 50, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. If George Colman being once asked if he knew ThP.odore Hook, answered, "Oh yes. Hook and liyc arc old associates." " Jlmusemenl in JVorth ..Imtrica." — Under thi beading, the Liverpool Times, of July 28, relates, [liul — 1" In Salem, Massachusetts, after the heavy and deo(i snow Dill, a man was discovered sticking slicks into a huge ' winter bank of snow.' On be- ing asked why he amused himselflhus ? 'Amuse!' •aid ho, ' fine annisomeut ! I have lost iny shop — it used to stand somewhere near this spot.' " A gentleman in Quebec, (Mr Barnes) has lately bequeathed £1500 in equal portion.s, to the Cath- olic, iMiglish, and Scotch churches of that city. It is not stated which sect he belonged to himself. He was probably only a Christian. Roots of the Pie Plant or Tart Rhubarb. A supply of tho roots of the Rheum palmatum, T.irt Rhubarb, or Pie Plant, an excellent article early summer use, (see N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. page i andFessendon's New American Gardener, article R BAiin, lor its cvdture and uses.) The roots axe laj and in fine order for transplanting this fall For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, Ni North Market street — price So cts. per root. Oct. 1' The Canal from NewHavi miles of Northampton. i.H to run within I I The Route to China. — Steamboats may go up from Quebec to Lake Superior ere three years from this time ; from thence, with little troiilili they will pass through the notch of the Rocky mountains, and bo locked down the Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Tho route, however, will bo better to bo kept ofT the American frontier, which is Columbia, and to go down Cook's River, or the large Salmon river, at Nootka Sound. The town of Nootka is likely yet to be as largo as London, and ought to be laiil out on an extensive plan, as the trade between it and the Oriental world may become wonderfully great in a short time. Tlun. when the steam packet line is established lictwccii Quebec and London, as it soon will be, wo may come and go between China and Britain in about two months. The names of tho singes will be, Loiiilon, Cove ofCork, tho Azores, Newfoundland, (tii.lii-c, Monli-cal, Kingston, Port Hidhoiisie, I'orl Muilland, Erie, Huron, Superior, Rocky .Moiinluins, Athabasko, Nootka, and Canton. Can this be Fine Table Grapes. For ealo at the Charlcstown Vinevord, on the so side of Hunker's Hill, a quantity of the finest Eurup table Grapes, raised in the open air, and now ripe, ripening, on the vines. There arc about a dozen di) ent sorts, among which tlie principal arc the While ^ cadinc or Sweet Water, Burgundy, Black Haml ,Rod Cbasselas, &c. For sale in anv quantities. 1 hundred weight or otherwise. D. HAGGEKSTt'." Charlcstown Vineyard, Oct. S, li^aO. Sea Kale Roots. For sale al tlic New England Farmer Seed Store, No Nordi Markel-sl., A fine cnllcciion of .Sea Kale roots, done up in pack.iR i 12 cnsii, from i to St years old — prime from ;T7 l-ii lo "; per dozen rooi«. according to llipir size. — Direnlnn^ tor cuilurp of iliis cxcfllenl ve»ci.il'le cpn be fnHiirl in Fcsjrm New American G«rd»iier, — the roots nrc in line onlrr. t Iran^planlcd this auluinn. and properly managed, would pr biy be fil tor use next spring. .Witicc. Subscribers 10 llic Now England Furmrr arc inrnri- ihev can have their volumes neatly niid taitliliilly liai: Mill lettered, nl 75 els per volume, by leaving 'thciu office. Pulilisticd every Friilny. nt 53 per annum, pa\«l>lc • cnil of die yr.nr— I'-ul those' wlii> pny within sixty 'Ihn > froe time iif Mil,'sc-i iImmk. arc entitled to ii deiluclion of lihy cent [Ij" No|i,ij,fr willlin sent to n distance without pny inci iug infld<* in advance. Piniicl t,,r J. n. Re.idiT-l"r printinp rc<-ei»iHl by J. ft. I!i »> at the Ajricoltural Wurchuusc No. ft-NouU MnrkciS '" Published by John B. Russell, at JVo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Agncultural ffarehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. rOL. VIII. NEW ENCJiiAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER G, 1829. No. 16. AGRICULTURE. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ON POTATOES. R Fessendf.n — I have often eaten the Foxite ;o in New York, and nothingof the kind could icr. I have planted them two or three years the best seed which could be procured in that The quality of the produce was very good ; ot equal to what I had found in New York ; iven with liberal manuring it was so small ;e and quantity, both with me and others, for n I procured the seed, that we gave up the 111 ration of them, le public spirit of Messrs Buel, Thatcher, Edwards, in the distribution of their seeds is I to their honor; and I hope that those who themselves of their liberality, will not be dis- inted. Much, I think, depends on the season jU as the kind of seed. tatoes this year, in this vicinity, are uncora- y fine and productive ; and if Mr Buel d now do us the honor of a visit, and there man we should more heartily welcome, we 1, perhaps, show him some potatoes worth g. Some kinds have greatly improved. The lata, or Long Red, which formerly was not ting' until spring, with me, both the last and iresent season, has become a fine and mealy .0 as soon as gathered. Though 1 have this cultivated several varieties from seed of what leemed the best qualities procurable at Hal- II and Penobscot river, in Maine, at the White , in New Hampshire, at Brattleboro', Ver- ', in Pennsylvania, and New York, and from direct from Liverpool, from Mr Goukgas, ton, from Connecticut, called the Rogers po- or Irish Whites, sold by Mr Russell, at the cultural Warehouse in Boston, and of what lied in Danvers the Biscuit potato, which is a d blue potato, and very productive, and of ;some call the China, others the Watson po- probably a merely local name, which is a d, purple potato, with yellow stripes, and like- a' long white kidney potato, a great bearer, ,h I understand to be an original potato, d from the balls on the late Col. Pickering's in Wenham, and have raised this year more 1.500 bushels of various kinds, yet I am dis- d to place the La Plata for eating as No. 3, for yielding as No. 1, though it seems to be ji-od'uclive than when first brought here, he quality of a potato depends much on the in". A potato roasted, and a potato boiled, , ery diftercnt vegetables. At a friend's house, re i have been accustomed to eat the best im- id English potatoes, it has always seemed to t^hat nothing of the kind could be superior, long since, at the same table, I ate some of aest^of my own raising ; he in-onounced them d to the English. I did not consider them as 1, yet but little inferior. They were certainly -itly improved under his mode of cooking. 1 some of the same potatoes to another friend season, who considered them only as a medi- quality ; and to another, who informed me were as fine as he had ever had. This dif- ference of judgment probably arose from a differ- ence in the preparation. The friend first alluded to informed me, that his potatoes are first peeled, then placed in cold water for two or three hours, then put into boiling water ; and after having boiled sufficiently, the water is turned from them, and they are hung, iin covered, over the fire until the steam has complete- ly eva()orated. I have seen the .same directions formerly given in the New England Fanner. In this case, this method seemed perfectly successful. Yet after one or more trials, without being able to discover the cause of failure, in my own family, we have not been equally fortunate. I am fully convinced that potatoes should never bei)ennitted to .soak injhe water, or to imbibe the steam one minute after they are thoroughly boiled. Oct. 24, 1829. H. C. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ON THE CULTURE OF POTATOES. Tie cultivation of potatoes, so as to produce an akmdant crop, and of good quality, and at the same time to continue the kind without deteriora- tion, ii still an occult or unsettled science. There is no cultivation in which the experiments and their lesults have been more various. New land, and esiecially that which has been cleared by burning, and on which the ashes remain, is always favoralile to the abundance and goodness of the crop. Moist, but not wet land, and a moist and ^cold season, are in general considered favorable ; but any certain method in our old ground of in- 6U..V!.-.^ an abundant crop, and of good quahty, re- mains to be discovered. At least the contradic- tory 01 various directions which are given on this subject by distinguished cultivators, attested too by experiments, would naturally lead to this infe- rence. Mr J. Laurel gave, some years since, an ac- count of lis successful experiments in raising po- tatoes froii, the eyes merely, and in obtaining from them a fa; superior yield, to that from whole po- tatoes. H; speaks thus confidently : — " I am fully convince* that small potatoes are as good for seed as large ■ that three in a hill are better than a larger qiantity ; that cut potatoes are better than whole ; md that the eyes are best of all. In this method ' he says, "there will be an immense sav- ing of lineteen-twentieths of seed."* The next year he repeated his experiments with equal suc- cess ; aid says, for it is a curious example of the extravagance into which sanguine men, with per- fectly bnest intentions, may be betrayed," if any farmer.s so blinded by prejudice, as to continue plantiig from ten to fifteen bushels u[)on an acre, whicl will weigh from eight to twelve hundred pounls of seed, and is content to harvest from sixty to 07thundredbushclsasiheproduce,mslead of plant- iig sixty pounds of eyes, that will measure about ilfe pecks of seed, from which he will harvest tivo hudred bushels and upwards, on such, experiment ail advice are thrown away." Then comes a M Benjamin Adams, immediately on the heels o" Mr Barrel, to inform the public that the result 'Massachusetts Agricultural Publications for 1803. of his experiments was the reverse of Mr B.'s ; — and Dr Anderson, in his communications to the British Board of Agriculture, says, "it is scarcely possible to devise a direction that would with greater certainty insure a deficient crop, excepting that of planting sprouts without any bulbs at all. The late Col. Pickering recommended by ins advice and experiments, the planting the sprouts merely.* " Seeing then," he says, " that the pro- duce of sprouts is in flavor equal, and, when hav- ing more room, sujvrior in size, and fairer in form than the produce of the potatoes themselves, what room is there to doubt of the sprouts being upon the whole, at least equal for seed to potatoes or their cuttings, provided so many sprouts be plant- ed as will produce an equal number of shoots or steins .' Mr King, indeed, says, he is confident [and it will be recollected he says this after about twenty years exi^erience] that sprouts will produce as good, if not belter crops, than potato sets, and more seldom fail of growing." " The result," Col. P. adds, " has proved so satisfactory that I shall certainly, in future years, plant all the good sprouts my potatoes shall afford." Longer experi- ence doubtless altered his opinions. In the answers given to the printed inquiries of the Massachusetts Society, in 1806, from various intelligent sources, we are told " that at Brookline they recommend middling ])otatoes. At Concord and the upper part of Middlesex, they use the best potatoes for seed. At Marlborough the seed is taken promis- cuously from the cellar. At Newbury it is stated they use the refuse only." Mr QuiNcr by an ex- periment conducted with exactness in 1817, shows a gain of at leaf^ ^-.np thh'd by planting whole po- tatoes rather than cuttings.f ~- Froin my own experiments, in which I lay no claims to the exactness of the above named gen- tlemen, I am still at a loss to determine which is best, whether whole potatoes, or cuttings of po- tatoes of a good size ; though I am convinced the largest seed generally produces the largest pota- toes ; yet the cost of the seed, where whole pota- toes are used for planting, is matter of no small consideration. The Practical Farmer, author cf a " Treatise on Agriculture," one of the best books ever pub- lished on the subject, and from the pen of a dis- tinguished ex-ambassador to France, Mr Arm- strong, and his able reviewer Mr Lowell, (high- er authority canrot he quoted among us,) speak in the most decided language " in favor of the pi-ac- tice of planting large, well grown potatoes for seed in preference to small ones, or cuttings, or sprouts."! E. H. Derby, Esq. an experienced and intelligent cultivator, raised his very early pota- toes from sprouts, and, if we mistake not, obtain- ed from the same bulb, four crops in the same sea- son, lie remarks, " I could not perceive any dif. fercnce in the yielding of the plants, between those which were separated, and the ones which adhered to the potato."§ Mr Thomas, of Niagara, N. Y. who in a prolific season has raised " without any unusual exertion," 500, and in one instance'576 bushels to an acre, says, " Potatoes of good size 'Mass. Agr. Repository for 180f). + Massachusetts Memoirs of Agriculture, vol. v. p. C4. % Ibid. vol. vi. p. 373. § Ibid. p. 394. 122 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Xor. 6, 1820. ore chosen for pluiiliii?, cut inlii sevtriil |iilic8, rare ly exccciliiig fuur, unci mily one piece |)iit inio u liill. There are loo m;iny l""'^ or eyes in a whole po- tato for one liill ; ami Iwo or more plants grow- ing near together arc found to iinpovcrish each other, and produce .small potatoes."* Loti)o> snys, " it is never a gooil practice to make use of whole potatoes as sets. The best cultivators in Irehui'l and Scotland invariahly cut the largest and best potatoes, rejecting in the case of Kidney potatoes the root or mealy end as ha- ying no bud, and the top or watery end as having too niany."t He reconnnends, however, large cuttings of good sized potatoes. Jn Flanders, where they are cultivated with great case and success, the .seed, if large, is cut ; if snjull it is jdanlcd whole. — Dr A.ndbrso.n in the coininuni- catioii l)efi>re referred to, says, that the large and best polaloes ought to be jireferred for seed and advises not less than 25 bushels to an acre of the best lunil for .seed of New Jersey. That the greatest care is rei|ui., that is, the largest seed from the most vig- orous stems, is known to every experienced far- mer, and was denionstruted long since in the well known practice of Mr Coopek. A writer in the Scotch Fanner's Magazine,! says " (hat where the flowers of bis potatoes were gathered as soon as they appeared, the crop was in most instances nearly double what it was, where the apples were allowed to come to maturity." The distinguished Mr K.vight reconnnends the plucking oil" the blossoms of the potato, with a view of increasing its produce, as he states, more than n ion to the acre.|| I have tried this without any jierceptible advantage. Far better authority, however, is that of Mr Justin Ely of West Spring- field, who says '" after seeing liis potatoes gathered and measured, he could perceive no diderence in the quantitv or size of the potatoes produced on the rows where the blossoms were i)luckcd off, or wholly left on. All the information I could obtain from others was similar to my own experience 1 have never heard of any increased crop by plucking off the blossoms in any one instance, though many tried it.§ Tlie late eminent agriculturist. Judge Peters, of Pennsylvania, says, " sometimes potatoes are wonilerfully increased in size by mowing off the tops ; at oilier times, I have known ihem entirely ruined by it.H A writer in the Scotch Farmer's Magazine, says he has found the practice ruinous. LoRAiKE ol)scrves, that from his experiments in cutting the tops of his potatoes, he found his crop was materially tiimiiiishi'd. This account has re- cently been given lo the readers of the Farmer, in an essay on topping the stalks of Indian Corn. .\n experienced farmer in Connecticut informed me,. that be had by experiments found his potato crop vrry greatly increased by jputting a gill of Plaistcr of Paris into each bill. Another experi- enced farmerin IJrook line, Mass. informed me that after a fair trial of Plaisti'r with his potatoes, he had found no advantage from it whatever. Thi-se are iIk^ i'f)nlliciiiig results and opinions of men distinguished fur their science, and skill and experience. They should not discourage us, but should render us the more exact and cautious iu our experiments. They show the undetermined character of this cultivalion, ami how much need we have of further light. U'lien we consider ihe i value of the potato as an article of human sub- sistence, OS a most agreeable esculent, and an in- dispensable appendage to every man's table, be he rich or ])oor, it is greatly to be desired that the best kinds should be introduced among us, and the best mode of cultivation ascertained, whi^h can only be done by repeated and accurate experi- ments. Without hazarding any opinion of my j own, I ask pardon, Mr Editor, for occnpyinjf your | attention so long, and submit the subject, vith all duo respect, to your enlightened decision. | Oct. 24, 1829. H. C. | 'Memoirs of N. Y. Agriculture, vol. ii. page 20C. jl'nrylnpndin of Agriculture, 4^14. i(Jciriii-il ill piihlicBtionii of Miiiu!. Agr. See. in 1S07. i;iiivarliality and consideration their " favors'" s. be found to merit. A DORCHESTER CULTIVATC QUERIES. A young man iniending to become a I" wishes to propose one or two queries, wlui would be hap|)y to .see answered Ly some on perienced in scientific agriculture. How many acres of well cultivated land on take to support a family of seven or eight sons ? - How ought it to be divided, as respects |>ai tillage, woodland, &c. ? What is the most profitable stock to keep? How many of each kind would be necest and what are the best breeds? U. L. Boston, Oct. 26, 1829. FOR THE NHV l;Xr.LA>D FAnUI.R. STOCKS FOR GRAFTING. Mr Fessemif.n — I noticed in one of voii papers some queries respecting the graftin pears on thorns. I tin not thinit them so goi pear Blocks; yet they mai/ answer, ]iro\iili'( scions be inserted beloiF Iht surfact of Ihe gn that the trees may take rout from the srio otherwise, tin- pear will su much outgron thorn, that iniihcr the stuck nur roots will bi ficient to support the top. 1 know of a ]■ h was grafted on a thorn sutiie feet from the 1(1 ; tlie stalk of which is now 2 incljes only, ;he pear (just above) is 6 inclies in diameter! s been found necessary to set a frame under res to prop it up. our comnion red cherry does not grow so as the Enghsli cherry tree, I think the same fj rks would apply, jave noticed ujany of Bolnier's Washington trees, which are about twice as large as the [sj|s on which they stand. I think it is evident he trees would have been more than twice ill luable if grafted so low that they had taken iom the scions. It is desirable, fur all varie- o use stalks that will grow as large and as s the scions set in them. HENRY LITTLE, disport, Me. J\ov. 1, 1829. ^l.VUL— Nn.16. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 123 country. His patriotism is an essential part of his conscious identity. Connected by his affections with the soil, and by his piety with Heaven, it ])ar- takes of the stability of the fornjer, and the purity of the latter. It inspires him with holy enthusi- asm in the cause of his countr}', when its honor or its safety is concerned. Jt is electric, and strikes every contiguous bosom, till it pervades the eotn- munity." very soon become perfectly transparent JVewbu- rypoii Herald. From the Long Island Slar. THE FARMER. e following just and beautiful description we ;t from the address of the Hon. Mr Rowan, of jcky, to the citizens of Louisville, on the 18th t'ho is there among us that beholds the con- of our farmers, and does not exidt in the iousness that he is an American citizen, and o su|)eradd the character of fanner ? The of the farmer is the abode of the virtues school in which lessons of practical wisdom lught. It is a temple in which the precepts ■ holy religion are inculcated. It is the of sovereignty, for it is owned by its occu- and he is a freeman. It is the residence of order, harmony, and happiness. Patriotism ety unite in consecrating the place, and in ng every countenance with their unction. — 1, what condition in life is so likely to pro- hat patriotism which will stand the country d upon emergencies, or that piety which will solace in extremity, as that of the farmer .' cnpies a constant, intimate, and sensible re- hip with Heaven. His mind is subdued love of order, by constantly beholding that prevails around him. The regular succes- ^ the seasons, of day and night, and of seed nd harvest, admonish him to the observance ularity and order in all his conduct. He ."es that the sun and moon perform their s without loitering on the way ; and learns bem that industry is required at his hands, ks to Heaven through its rains and dews, reward of his labors in the abundance of ps. He makes the sacred volume of revela- e man of his council, and the source of his ition. He unites with his wife and children es of supplication and strains of praise the family altar on the morning and even- each day. He acknowledges no sovereign aven and the people ; he bows with appro- everence to the will of each, and exults in dom of his own — for his homage is a free- ering, claimed at his hand by the convic- ' his reason. His afiections are conducted udgment and not by bis fears, in his devo- Matron chastity and infantile innocence 1. and religion hallows the atmosphere of le, and render it irresistibly attractive. He is country because the ftirm and the domi- iJhich he is the proprietor, and with vyhich LIME PLANT. This plant {Podophyllum ptUalum) is a singular production of nature. The stem, foliage, flower, and fruit, are formed in the earth ; and after the plant has come up, there is nothing more than the extension of parts. The stems, at the height of from eight to twelve inches, brunch out in two arms, at the extremity of each is a large palmated leaf. In the fork proceeds the fruit stem. The first that is seen in the spring is a delicate mem- braneous cap, which is soon burst open by the flower bud, which is large, white, and round. The shoulders and arms, lying close to the stem or trunk, soon appear, and as the plant rises, the fruit stem elongates and the arms elevate themselves. The fruit is about the size of a large lime, green while growing, and yellow w hen ripe ; has the flavor of a ])ine apple ; and as to eating, but little inferior to that fruit. The plant requires a moist soil ill a shady situation. May be propagated by seed, but best by dividing the roots, which are creeping and jointed. The root is medicinal. Brighton Market. — Monday, JVov. 2. (Reported for the Clironicle and Patriot.) Cdlik — 3144 at market. We have to report this week quite an unexpected change in the mar- ket from our last. The barrellers, from some cause or other, held back, and the weather, too, proving unfavorable, caused sales to go off rather heavily. The drovers in some instances, rather than submit to a reduction of prices, made arrangements to have their Beef packed on their own account. Market Beef also suffered in conjmon with other kinds. We shall omit giving jjrices this week. Sheep — 1509 at market. In consequence of the limited number at market the drovers anticipated high prices, and several lots changed hands before the market opened. The speculation, however, we believe was confined principally to themselves. We omit prices. Swine — T65 at market, including about 100 un- sold last week. Not much doing in the trade. — We noticed but one or two small lots at 3J cents, and a few by retail at 4 cents per lb. THE MILITIA. A law has been passed by the legislature of Ver- mont to have but one training in the year, and that by companies. This is an example worthy of imitation. It secures the enrolment and equip- ment of tae militia, which in the present situation of our country we believe is all that is requisite; it relieves the community from the burdens of fre- quent trainings ; and by dispensing with the farce of amiiial musters, dries up a most prolific source of immorality and vice. Hot) to have good Ci/ier in the Spring. — If your Cider is well made, put info each barrel, as soon as tbere is any appearance of fermentation, half a ])inl of common mustard-seed, and immediately b'jrg up the barrel. The fermentation will stop — ctions are identified, are a part of that | the cider will retain its original sweetness, and will From the Taunton Advocate. SWEET GREENING. Mr. Editor, — On observing in your Advocate of the 23d iiist. an article by Veritas respecting the sweet greening described in the American Orchardist, I went immediately to Kingston to make more particular inquiry of the cultivators of those trees, and to examine the ajiple attentively. I have the satisfaction to ascertain that the state- ment in my Orchardist is substantially correct, except a trifling error in the description. The ajiple does not so nearly resemble the Rhode Island Greening as I had conceived, it is more like the Tolman Sweeting, though it far surpasses that apple in good qualities, abounding more in rich sirupy juice. The tree itself is much in the form of the Rhode Island Greening, it is a good bearer, more uniform and abundant in its produc- tion than trees in generah The tree which I ex- amined is of full size, and about twelve bushiels were taken from it this season. An aged woman assured me that she had ke|)t the apjdes till July. I send you half a dozen for inspection, and I be- lieve a few of the young trees may be obtained at the nuvsery of Mr Spencer Bradford, of Kings- ton. I scarcely know a'niore delicious article in the ei)icurean catalogue than a baked sweet apple in winter, but it is what we rarely enjoy, so rare indeed that its real excellence has not been duly appreciated. ' Were it better known the tree would be more generally cultivated, and those wliose tastes- are congenial to my own might pride themselves in a favourite dainty, without the risk of impairing health. I am respectfully yours, JAMES THACHER. Plymouth, Od. 27, 1829. SHIP BUILDING. A 74 gun ship is now building at Van Dieman's Land, with teak timber from Trincoinalee. India rubber is now used there in sheathing vessels, by straining a thin coat over the surface. India rub- ber cotton is also used as an impervious covering, wiierever such is requisite, and the use of both, it is said, will shortly be extended to England. The name of Ur Blatchley being on the work- ing men's ticket for Assembly men at New York, the Enquirer asks "if working be the oliject,why not vote for the Doctor's Pills .'" A final dividend of two pence in the pound has just been declared on the estate of an English bankrupt banking house ! Large Radish. — A radish was recently pulled in the garden of Mr James Taunton, of Southbridge, of the following dimensions : — 6 inches through the middle, 16 inches in circumference, 32 inches long, 9 feet from the end of the root to the tip of the branch, 13 branches about an inch in diame- ter— weight of the whole, 30 lbs. — Boston Trav- eller. A lady in this city has been presented with a fine handkerchief, hemmed with great neatness and exactness, by a Miss who was born deafj dumb and blind. She now resides at the Hart- ford Asylum. — Ibid. 124 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 6, 182!). [From Prince's Trcaliso on tlic Vine, now in press al New York, and will be publinhcd in a few wcelis. Sec . New England Farmer, vol. viii. chap. x. page P".] • NOMKNCLATLRE OF GR.VPES. Disliiiclions of Ilic vnriptic-s of the vine have long been obscuro nml empiric, and there yet ex- isU a iiiullitiide of kimis, in ref,'ar(l to whicli no general points of ngrecinent have been e^^tablished, or terms and characters agreed on, as )>ermaiicut oxprcHsioiis, by which they may be universally de- signated and recognised. The names given by the Romans to their vines, Oiffcr so much from those of modern date, that it ■would be difficult to recognise them, and to realize their identity with those of the present day, and a fow instances only exist, where ihey can be dis- tinctly identified, or whore the titles liave re- mained imchanged. Virgil has given us tlie names of some of the kinds most celebrated in his lime, and Pliny has been quite copious on tlie subject, but even his catalogue is far from being i>erfect. Columella, one of the most intelli:,'cnt and dis- tinguished Latin natural philosopliers, particular- izes ( De Rerusnca, lib. iii. cap. 2,) fifty-eight vari- eties of the vi^e. Crcscenzio, the restorer of Ital- ian agriculture, enumerates forty varieties which were peculiar to the peninsula in the third cen- tury.— (Opulus Ruratium, commodonnn, lib. iv. cap. 3 and 4.) Alun/.o de Ilcrrara, distinguished important dilferenccs in fifteen of the principal Spanish varieties. — (Agricullura generalis, Hb. iii. cap. 2.) Lestini, in his travels in Asia, gives tlie names of twenty-one varieties of grapes cultivated at Cyziquc, which proves that they knew how to dis- tlDguish them in Asia Minor as they do in France. ■ Tussor, in 1560, mentions only " white and red" grapes. Parkinson, who was more of a liorticul- turist, gives, in 1G29, a list of twenty-three sorts, inchiding the white nuiscadine, and several others now conmion in our gardens. Ray, in 168S, enu- merates thirteen sorts, as then most in request. Rea, in 1702, gives most of those in Ray's lists, and adds five more kinds, recommending the red, white, and the D'.Vrbois or royal muscadine, two Frontignac varieties, and the blood red, as best suited fur the climate of England. Bradley, in 1724, gives a list of forty-nine varieties, as then most esteemed in France, but does not attenqit to reconcile their identity with the names in English catalogues. Miller describes fifty-two varieties, and adds the names of about a dozen more. — - 8peechly enumerates in detail fifty varieties, and gives a list, with short descriptions, of about twenty others, but nuiny of these arc synonymous. For- Hytli, in his last antj miu-h im]irovcd edition, de- scribes fifty-five varieties, and gives the names of twenty-eight more ; but even with tlic increased circumspcetiun of that author, he has placed a number under diflercnt names, which are identi- cally the same fruit. Mr Loudon, in bi;j "descrip- tive catalogue," enumerates fifty-six varieties, and states that he could have extended the list to tri- ])le that miinbcr, but uiuittended with sufficient descriptive particulars to render it of real use. The four last named authors of course refer to grapes cultivated in ilritain. In the last iilition of the celebrated work of Duhamel du Monceau, entitled "Traiti des Arbrcs fruitiers. Art. Vigiie," we fnnl ninety-one varieties cioetly described by name, and partial details touching a nuDibcr of others. In the catalogue published by the London Hor- ticultural Society, they enumerate one hundrsd and fifty-nini' varieties or dilfercnt names, princi- ' pally those known in lirilish collections, and not , including the French wine grapes to any extent ; ' they mention in addition eight varieties of Aiiie- ' rican grapes. That S?ociety has, as yet, favored us with no descriptive catalogue of their several merits, or with a final arrangement of their syno- nym es. ; On this, therefore, as on numerous other sub- ^ jects, we must turn to France for a more perfect i knowledge of its details. There we find that ma- ny years since, the wisest maxims whicli time and experience had approved, were consolidated in the | works of the celebrated Rozicr on the culture of the vine, and the art of making wine. The labors of Dussieux and Latapie aided to render the knowledge of the subject more complete, ami ' each contributed his portion to the jierfection of that culture which has enriched for centuries the , domains of France. Much, however, as llozier and Latapie had la- bored for the attainment of a perfect knowledge of the different varieties of the grape, it was de- stined for the celebrated Chajital, minister of the interior, to form a collection, by the aid of the French government, which should rival all others. This famous chyinfct, during the consulship in 1801, obtained from every district of Fiance all ' the known varieties, which were by his order con- 1 centrated in the Luxembourg garden, the object | being, to assemble the various kinds in one spot, in order to ascertain their qualities underthe same circumstances, and to compare them at the same time. This labor, bo arduous and so interesting was continued by M. Champagny, his successor aided by members of the Institute, who examuiei some thousands of plants, and described five lam- drcd and fifty varieties, one hundred of wliieii were figured by Redout^. From accurate observatior. of this immense variety of vines, the following conclusions have been definitely formed. That there is no vineyard of any considerable extent, which possesses varieties peculiarly adajit- ed to itself alone, and that some of these varieties could b&,inuch more advantageously cultivated in other vineyards than those now found here. Also, that there are kinds whicli should be cul- tivated in Paris, much in iireference to those exist- ing there ; and they cite among these, six varie- ties of muscat, superior in every point to those coni'iion there ; one of which, the museat-noir- du-Jiiia, is so early, that it may bo eattn the iiiid- dle of August, and anotlier, le muscat do llongrie, has berries twice the size of the common red muscat. It was also ascertained that the order of matu- rity varied in some degree, but the franc-piiieau was found to be one of the most regular in this respect. The morillons of Doubs and of Jura, which ripen there in .\ugiist, arc reco'nrncnded fiir northern vineyards in preference to he meu- nier and mcslier, which are a month latei. It was ascertained that under the name of ga- rnet, there were two varieties, one of whi-li pro- duced bad wine, and the other excellent. The only reason for plaining the inferior one is, m ac- count of its abundant produce, but being much eultivatcil in Iluigundy, it Iciuled to the deteriora- tion of the wine; happily, however, in the course i>f this investigation, it has been nsoertaiiieil t'lat there arc at least fil'ty varieties of coloieil grapes not known in the environn of Ueaiiiie, which iro twice as productive, and which, from their swoet- ness and flavor, are cakuhited to yield wine \ similar to that of the true pineau. It was to the distinguished and liberal Profe Bosc, that was confided the duty of compa: t and clasking the Luxembourg collection, groundwork of the classification adopted by Wiis the color, form and size of the fruit ; th' face, margin, texture, color, and position ' leaves ; and the redness, greenness, or vari. of the footstalks. From a combination ol il eleven characteristics, he formed one hundred |> fifty-six classes, in which he stated might he pl« » every ]iossible variety of the grape. Even ^ highly intelligent professor found great ditlieu r: in this task, arising from the innumerable varie n possessing slight shades of difference in one j or another, with which the whole terriior France abounds. y In the year 1802, the catalogue of the Lu> », bourg collection, presented two hundred and s . seven sorts, arranged under the following he Xo. 1, vines with black oval fruits, tliirty-s sorts ; No. 2, black round fruits, ninety-eight s Xo. 3, white oval fruits, forty-four sorts ; N white round fruits, seventy-three sorts; N gray or violet, oval fruits, five sorts ; No. 0, or violet round fruits, ten sorts ; in all, two dred and sixty-seven varieties, which was wards increased to more than double that nun It must be a subject of great regret to e lover of horticulture, that this noble establish; has been abandoned and broken up by the Fr government, as it ]>ossessed, when fo«tercd b; tional power, a degree of permanency, scarce be looked for in individual establishmcntf. A most elaborate descriptive list of the var of the grape is contained in a Spanish work' tied, " Ensayo sobre las variedadcs de la vid mun, qui vcgctan en Andalusia, &.c." by 1). S Roxas Clemeute, librarian to the Madrid Ik Garden. This author founds his di.-iinctic varieties on the character of the stem, »l leaves, flowers, clusters and berries. lie dcs< one hundred and twenty varieties, coraprisiiig under two sections, llie downy and smooth le The most extensive catalogue of grapes a sent cultivated in any one collection, in F"i contains two hundred and seveiily-sevcn var all |iroi)criy arranged as to color, form, \: sides which, the same proprietor has many »l. arc not yet .so regulated. Notwithstamling, L, ever, all the exertions that have been mai!' ' the studious application of many of the mi - neiit French horticulturists to this iiitercsini , ject, great uncertainty still exists in the noun tiires of many varieties of the grape, nml id observations already made, it was tbiind that the same kind was called in different viiievar six to ten names. This confiision in tl clature they regulated as far as their expel ^. periiiitled, by adopting the title of most gl application, and arranging the other nam synonymes. In my own obseriation I have frequently great dillicuhy in attaining to rxactitinle i .synonymy, and in some cases, have not yet able to attain to satisfactory conclusion.*., collection of vines, comprising above four hlf ^ and fifty varietie.s, and which will be iiiorl , detailed in the seipielof this work, under lb* ^ of American vincyard.s, promises me great aid j attainment of so dr.sirabic an object, audi ^ year will shed new light on the various |i<4 -j.. ^^ Vol.VIlI.— No. 16. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 125 terest, which must be developed in tlie culture ' such an assemblage, from every vine country. I now propose giving descriptions of as great a imber of varieties of the grape, as can be con- itently done at the present day. These descrip- ms have beeu revised as far as possible, with rupulous attention ; others, where my own ob- rvations did not suffice, have been extracted am the most noted authors of the day ; and al- ough I neither claim for them, nor for myself, e possession of infallibility, it can be truly said, at every point has been carefully viewed, with e intent of increa.articular, may well be proud of Boston as their capital. There arfe but few cities of her age and population, which have done so much for the advancement of intellect, reforming the vi- cious, and spreading Christianity ; and no city whose patriotism and wealth have effected so much in the cause of freedom, and the rights of man. We know of no city of her size which has produced so niaijy distinguished men, so many philosophers, scholars and statesmen ; and but few places on this side of the Atlantic, have sent forth a Mather, a Franklin, an Adams, and a Channing, or given to England a Lord Chancellor, and a High Admiral, and to London a Lord May- or.— Berkshire American. Coffee from Acorns. — The use of coffee inade from roasted acorns, is now, it seems, becoming very general in Germany. Some of the German papers state, that persons with debilitated stomachs have been able to take this coffee when they could digest no other preparation ; and that after long use, they have recovered the tone of the stomach, and acquired considerable embonpoint. There is nothing new in this discovery, however ; for among the lower orders in many parts of Por- tugal, whei-e the sweet acorns grow abundantly, they are used both for broad and coffee ; although they are not considered very wholesome as an ar- ticle of food, and are taken solely on account of their cheapness. They are a powerful astringent : and in cases where Peruvian bark is recommend- ed, are said to be employed in Germany with good effect in the way of coffee. — Idtcrarij Gaz. ing apple tree, a brown rough skinned apple, which could not he dislirjgnished from a common russet ; the color, shape, size, and taste were like the rus- set, and unlike the greening apple. The apple grew near the extremity of a twig 10 or 12 feet from the ground, with greenings around it, and one touching it. No scion or bud has ever been inserted in the greening tree. The nearest russet tree is about 7 rods distant. Was the greening blossom impregnated by the farina or pollen of the russet blossoms ? — Hamp. Gaz. A crooked necked squash has been deposited at Mr Thorburii's seed store. New York, which was one of 16, the aggregate weight of which was 353 pounds ; the produce of one seed — the ave- rage weight was 22 pounds. Aaron Blaney, Esq. of Bristol, Me. has raised this season, a true Blood Beet, measuring 22 in- ches in circumference, weighing 10 lbs. 12 ozs. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 18^9. Onions. — We yesterday received a present of twelve onions, the produce of Nova Scotia, weigh- ing 8 pounds. Some time since, we imported seed from J. B. Russell's Seed Store, Boston, l)art of which, grown by Mr Robinson, of Halifax, has produced the ])resent onions. This sets at rest what has been long doubted and denied, the capability of Nova Scotia to produce the best quality of onions, and in profusion. — Halifax Re- corder. The Windham County Agricultural Society, held its anniversary at Pomfret, on the 30th Sep- tember. This was the first Association formed in the State for the advancement of Agriculture, and the promotion of its interests. The farms, stock, and produce of the County, furnish ample evidence of the utility of the association. Its various operations have imparted to every branch of farming, an im- proved aspect. The culture of the soil, has be- come a science, not only pleasant and productive, but also yielding the Necessaries, comforts, con AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITION. The Annual Exhibition of Stock and Domestic Manufactures of the Cheshire, N. H. Agricultural Society, was held at Keene, Oct. 7. The exhibition, according to the Keene Sentinel, as a whole, although it did not equal some in for:- mer years, exceeded expectation. The decided improvement in the stock entered for prcd^rns, proves that in this important branch of hu^M^Hry, attention has beeu excited and well dire^Bir — Many of the articles of manufacture displayed skill, taste, and industry. An address was deliver- ed by Br Luke Howe, of Jaflrej', treating of a variety of subjects connected with practical hus- bandry, replete with sound and judicious remarks. The following officers were elected for the en- suing year : — Aaron Hodskins, President. Salma Hale, Vice President. Executive Committee the same as last year. Roswell Nims, Stephen Chase, Nathan Taft, John Colony, of Keene, and William Jones, of Marlborough, received premiums for ploughing David Wilson, of Winchester, Daniel R. Emerson, of Walpole, Philip Sweetser, of Marlborough [3 premiums] Elijah Blake, and Wm. Metcalf, of Keene, received premiums on Cows and Heifers. Elijah Blake, Henry Melville, and Philip Sweetser, on Bulls. John Colony and Abel Blake, for Pigs. Wm. Jennison, of Walpole, three i)remiums for Saxony, or Merino Bucks. T. M. Edwards, of Keene, for best Ewes. Peter Evans, of Charles- town, and Abel Twitchell, of Dublin, for Stud Horses. Premiums on Woollen Manufactures were awarded to Mr Harris, of Dublin, Miss Lydia Kittredge, of Walpole, and David Esty, of Westmoreland, for Cassimeres. To Capt. Brad- ford, of Keene, for Flannel. Two beautiful hearth rugs were presented by Mrs J. Dorr, of Keene, and Miss Lydia Kittridge, of Walpole. — Two pairs of Woollen Stockings, very nice, by Mrs Wilds, of Marlboro'. Six Hats, of superior quality, by Mr Anderson, of Keene. Six Calf skins, and 6 sides of upper leather, by Col. Har- veniences, and even the luxuries of life — Gazette, rington, of Keene. Two dozen of Scythes, by 1 20 NRw i:\(;land farmer, Nov. 6, 1859. • ' Brown and llusscl, of Chesterfield. Some very i After observing, in suhstance, that the luimher I Horlicullura!.—The collection of rare fine American Sewing Silk, hy I'reslon Pond of j of slieep otVered for priniiuni was not so large J the Hall of the Society, on Saturday last u Hind:«(lule. A nuniher of liieces of lace by Mi»9 as coulil have been wished, the Coniinitteo con- among which were the following : — I'rinie, and two veil-, one hy Mis.-t Parker of Kecne, tinuc : — By J. Pbince, Esq. of Roxbury, a very fin' were nmch admired. | " If the neglect of this species of husbandry,) lion of rare fruit-s viz a handsome yellow Pa The .\nmml .Meeting of the Strnlford, N. H- on the nr.rt of the farmer, he the cause that U.is ; '"^r pear, having a fine blush-not yet in eulu..'- , , , . I, , , ., „., ,!._ . ' . ...... 11 ■. 1 . 1 I 1 Borno Spamsh good Christians, yel ow color, and c ;ricultural Society, was hcl.l a Rochester on the j ,,or„„„ of our e.>ch.b.tion is so small, .t shoul.l be , ,,„„,,^„,'„^ ,.„„t ^ j^,^.^^, ^^Vpear for eating, bu li ult. The Society was addressi-il hy !• rauGis ^ the object of our association to stimulate hini to "; better for baking— some Yellow Winter, a good ba Loggswell, E.sf]., of O.-isipee. Tiie following proper zeal upon the subject. It is not neces-sary [i^jn;, pea,— and "a large pear called the Huiit Peai oHicers were elected for the ensuing year. Ne- > for a man to convert the whole of his farm to the a tiiediiun ealin"f fruit, coarse grain, pleasant ilavcr, hemiah Eastman, President ; Nathaniel Jcwett, ' rearing of .sheep, in order to be interested in their I ed, and fine for baking.— Also, the following .Apple: 1 SI Vice President; William Hale, 2il do; J^aiiicl production ; nor is^t necessarv that we should I Pomme .Neige, or Snow apple (fiom Canada ) Swn-a Pickering, Treasurer ; Francis Coggswell, Corres- 1 ,rench upon the ,,rovincc of ano'ther committee in j French Pippin, Garden bp.tze^burghLngl.shNou J T-i I? c „ i7„,.„„i I . ' . ' . , • 1 . „ ,1 „ I panel, Chaitaigner, Golden K(ftesett,ilarigolil,CouD pondmgSecretary; Thomas E.Sn«yer, Record- shewing die connexion that e.Tists ""•'^''-'n "'e | i,,.„j^ pris. Accompanying the above named fru.U ing .■Secretary ; William Hagg, Benjamin Enier- rearing of .sheep and the success of manufactures, I ^^^^ ^^ piower stand, made for the Society— painte. son, Steidien C. Lyford, Thomas Rust and Sam- ;„ order to justify us in urging this topic upon the | preen, witli three shelves, placed in a pyramidica ._ uel Stark, Jun., Executive Commitlee. attention of the farmer. They form a psrt of j form, and well calculated tor a display of flowers ani r The Annual Cattle Show, I'loughing Match, I jp^pstjc economy, and should constitute a part of fruits.— This is now covered with a fine collection and E.xhibilioii of Domestic ."Manufactures took ^^^^ establishment of every well regulated farm. l>laco on the next day. Premiums were awarded, ' j^ot only should they he raised for the purposes viz. To George Frost, for the best stud horse, j ^f ,1,^ ,ai,ie_ for those who love good eating, but James Wadlcigh, for the best yoke of working . ^,orc especially for the purposes of furnishing cattle. George Frost, next best do. do. W'illiam Lio,|,j„g f^r a family. It is a deceptive and dan- coiuprising fifty vaiieties of pears and apples, re ceived from Judge Biel and others. From Judge Buei. of Albany, the fruits alluded I and mentioned in the N. E. Farmer, page 105. From the garden of Gov. Va.n Ness of VennonI (by Rev. Louis Dwight) a beautiful red apple, (lb Porame Neigc, same as Mr Prince's.) From Mr A. Fisuer of Dedham, four seedlinj apples, called there, tiie Pigeon, Spice Pcarmain Smith, (a deep red autumnal apple, very fine) and ont other. From Mr S. Dowker a new seedling pear, r»t. ceived from S. H. Smith, Esq. of Providence, accook panicd with the following note "Hon. II. A. S. DE.tRBOR.N — Df.ak Sir — I have not received the grapes fron Pliilaiklphia, which I requested MrCiRR to send.— With this you will receive a pear taken from a seed ling tree in the town of Cumbeiland, R. I. : it standi on the farm of Jf.re.miah Wilkinson, brother to th« Hiird, Jun., next best. William Hale, next best. John FulsoiM, for fulled doth, two jiremiums. ( Hhcr pieces were well spoken of Moses Weed, best pair of blankets. Sarah Mc Dutlie, next best. Moses Weed, for llaiinel, 2 i)remiums. Mrs Mary Dame, best jiair of worsted hose. Mc Weed, best pieces of linen di:;per, 2 ))remiiims. Rufus Parish, best cheese. Mrs Mary Coggswell, next best do. Mrs Sarah Woodman, for the best Rpccimon of currant wine. BIrs J. Jones, for a cotton and woolen counterpane. 0(iuce the same articles, are unem|doyed, , ncted Je.mima Wilkinson, and the place of her na or employed to little or no purpose. This sort of iti\ity. This is probably a cross between the S reasoning has banished from too many houses the G ;rmain and St Michael's ; both of which have lonj W. Rollins, next be.st do. do. Durel Steevens, I ggrons economy, which induces a farmer to buy best pair of three year old steers. William Hayes, ] ^n ),|g woolens of the manufacturer, merely be- next best do. J. H. Hall, best pair of two vearjcause he can buy them cheap — chca])er even than old steers. William P. Wadleigh, best bull overlie siipiio.ses that he can make them at home. It two years old. William Hiird, best bull under , jg ji,e same kind of reasoning which many adopt, two years. Diirel Slevciis, next best do. Sam- Lygn ^j t|,is day, to jirove that we had better buy uel Shackford, Jun., best heifer. Jacob .McDiiflee, ! ^^r cloths of England, although they will take best Merino buck. Mtises Baker, best sow and n„,|,jn„^ cofiiparatively, of the people of the north litter of pigs. Peter Dudley, best crop of wheat ! [,„[ ,„oney, while we have little to sell for which on an acre of land, between 23 and 24 bushel.s. • wj, can raise money abroad. Francis Wiiiklcy, best acre of potatoes, 2-17 j „ ^yj^;,^ ^^^^ f^^^^^^j. j^ l^,y]„„ at the store, what luishels. The Committee say that, "the quantity I ^g ^^^^,1 ^^^^^.^ ^^ home, " because he can buy is vuir small, and would not, in common seasonSj^i ^^^^^^^ j,^^ members of his family, whose labour be^H^Ued to a premium ; but in consequence o thd^Efremc drought of the past season, hav( awamrd the above premium." Richmond Hen derson, for best ploughing, the ploughing of l-8th Joo™'a,',a 'wheTls, which once formecl such admi- ' grown in the vicinity. The tree is healthy, and i ', acre of land, completed in 19m. ^ 5.5s. Tristram j ^„,,^- „„, ^_,^^„,,, „„„,,„,,, ,„.„, every ^ .-d_^bea^re^r-^he 1^^^^^ farmer's establishment. \V e are far from denying sugared, flavor brisk, and res'cmbling the i to every one who can buy it, a Sunday or holiday Germain. It kis.'ps through the month of November suit of the very finest of Saxon and Leicester 'pjje sample sent may be fit to taste next week — bu blue, or Slater's black, as his taste shall dictate, ' be sure that it is perfectly soft before it is cuL but we do believe that, for ordinary purposes,] If you consider this fruit worth propagating, I wil purely domestic fabrics are far more 'economical send you scions in the spring, at your request.* I than "the cloths of our manufactories. I ''^s no name-wdl you propose one ? uii. Liuius u. i,ui J ^,,]]tj,apij yg,, to inlorm me where! can get i ■ We would restore the good old days of house- ^.j^^ ^r cuttings of Mr Bland's giape, such as yoi wifery, when, like the wife of Ulys.ses of old, ' named tome in Worcester. .Vulim gives the saraii women knew the use of the dislntf, and instead of i description of the Bland, (Virginia) that you fMl^ I waltzes, cantatas, and duets, thrummed out by a ' me, and says it is a better table grape thau the li^ 1 boarding school miss, upon a discordant piano, j bella. I the houses of our farmers rang with the cheerful : sound of the wheel, the iiuilt-uhcel, and the loom, WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW REPORTS. These are amusing, as well as able and in- structive, but as tliev arc voluminous, and in pos- , „ , , r ■ i . i .i -fr „ session ^f most of our readers, we shall content , "'J'' «"'■'•-.''' '«"'«. «" "^ '"•'"^•^^' ""'1 "'^■<^'- » ourselves with extracts and nbridgn ents. The committee on sheep, (of which Emory Washburn, Esq., was Chairman), observe that, '• in the flock offered by Mr William VVilliams, the coiiimitieo wore glad to observe a twin fifteen months old, which, wit only descendants of the Dev iinfortunately died soon after arriving in this 1 1'"*'"'"'^- country, which was presented to this soclpty by [ " We may be too late in our recommendatioi that distinguished benefactor, Adiiiiial Coflin. It of rrfonn, iiiurli as iliiit is the order of the da; now weighs 12G lbs., and though its wool is long, | for we should really be approhci-.sive of the c< I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, STEPHEN H. SMITH. Proridcnee, Oct. 3?, ll-\>!>. grander lo In llic Mi-mhcri— i: MX be seal to die Hall of tho Society, OS North Markctolrrr . \v fruit. The committee recommend that it be lied the Wilkinson Pear, after the owner of the rni, who brought it into notice. It is also recom- eniled to procure a poar for a drawing ; — and in the llowing season to add at a proper time a cluster of ossorns and leaves to the painting. From John Hkard, Jr. Esq. specimens of the ■ge Burgomaster pear — coarse grain, juice a little id, a meduiui eating pear — also, a fine specimen of c Marie Louise pear in fine eating, flesh melting, ry full of life and delicious juice, and will be a lead- g pear among our fine fruits. FromTHo:MAS Bloodgood, Esq. of New York, a family use early in the season, and weighed 8 lbs. \ :h, added to the eleven which ripened, make 353 thers from three to four guineas. The prices are greatly reduced, in consequence of the plants being , ^1 ^,- , .., much increased ; but, owing to the universal admiration They were raised on the Nur.^epy grounds ot „,hieh this plant has received, and its requiring so little MES Bloodgood & Co. atFlusluiig, L. I. ; and [care, and enduring without injury a great degree of ;y requested me to forward it to you, for your 1 cold, the demand has hitherto been very great. The >rticultural Society, which you will please present j proprietor has at all times very large quantities to supply their name, with the above account of the pro- wholesale orders; and his present collection exceeds Vol. VIII.— No.16. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 127 Bland's Virginia Grape. For sale al ihe Seed Store connected with the New England Pnrmer, 5'2 North Market street, 40 Vines, of the true Bland's Virginia Grape, one year price 7.") cents each. This is one of the best native table or wine grapes cultivated ; the bunches large, with shoulders, very thickly set, with berries of a pale red color. It has a thin skin, very little pulp, is very productive, perli-ctly hardy, and passes most of the native grapes that have been exhibited at the Hall of th» llassachusiais Ilorticultural Society, this season. Ml' PuiNCE, in his Treatise on Horticulture, places it among the first native varieties, and says, " a person has but once to taste this grape, to form his decision on this point." It may be well to say that there is some confusion, in some nurseries, with regard to this grape, there being two sorts cultivated under ry large Winter Squash, accompanied by the fol- I 'tn^Z'!TfLT "I "''l''','' '!i '"''^ ""'iff«'-="l: Tl'^e can ly i.'.t ^y^ 1 , i' J 1 be no mistake With regard to the vines now offered, as Ihey wing note : Zf.ueiiee Cook, Jr. Esq. — Dear Sir — By the schooner Warrior, I send,ad- essed to you, a bo.x, containing a Crooked necked inter Squash, weight 34 lbs. — it is one of 17 from e seed, the weight of which was 4 of 34 lbs., 1 of lbs. 1 of 29 lbs. 2 of 27 lbs. 1 of 23 lbs. and 2 of lbs. each, which came to maturity, making 30.5 e all from Mr Seavkr's garden, who furnished the grapes hibited at the Hall of the Mass. Hort. Society. Splendid Plants. For sale by the Proprietor of the Linntpan Botanic Garden, the following collection of Camellias, which comprises all the newest varieties, many of which are ^ _ __ _ ^^ very remarkable for their splendor. Those priced at 1.5 G orthe'firsrset7ing"on^he"vin'e'were"takln"off 1 '« «!'S^ co^t the proprietor /»e guineas each ; and many ction oi one seed. They have been much admired re, particularly so on account of their resembling ;h other in shape, color, &c. Very respectfully, Your obedient, humble servant, 10 York, Oct. 17. THO'S BLOODGOOD." Prom Gen. Newhall of Lynnfield, specimens of 3 sorts of fine potatoes, raised by him from the d of the La Plata, — resembling the parent potato ?hape, but perfectly white. Dtlier fruits wqvq presented by H. Little, Esq. Bucksport, Me. the yellow Bell Flower,Cox, No. and Pennock's Large Red Winter, Cox, No. 78,) ly James Read, Esq. (the Monstrous P'ppin)— by NRT CusHiNG, of Hingham, (a seedling apple) — Mr Farwell of Wallliam, (the Coreless apple) — Mr Ellis of Franklin, the Susjar Pumpkin, re- ved by him from Bristol, R. L small, but very et, excellent for pies, and equally as good for the le as the crook neck Squash — a very desirable etable. Ipeciraensof most of the above fruits are .still to seen at the Hall. [r J. B. Russell — 3.500 plants, which he is rapidly increasing Single red camellia, or Japan rose, 1 to .$2, single white fragrant, seniidouble red, double red, double white, double pink, or middlemist, double striped, Jong leaved single. The prices of the above eight kinds are, viz. Plants one year ingrafted, 'i dollars, two ' ' 4 ' three ' ' (in strong flowering state) .5 dollars. Double crimson, purple anemone flowered, or warratah, pompone, or Kew blush, red paeony flowered, buff", maiden's blush, or Hume's blush, fragrant myrtle leaved, blotched leaved. Lady Bank's tea \eaved. Tlie prices of the above eight kinds are, viz. Plants, one year ingrafted, 3 dollars and .50 cents, two ' • 4 ' 50 ' three ' ' (in strong flowering statej 5 dollars and .50 cents. Double blush tea leaved, superb G to i$8, white pteony flowered, .f'-^, Lady Campbell's, .fs, starry or six angled, 8 to flO, scarlet, 6 to $8, shell flowered, 6 to ,$8, axil- lary flowered, 10 to $12, fringed white, 10 to $12, single white oil bearing, ,f 6, lar^e nerved, 8 to $10, variegated anemone flowered, $15, Knight's do. do. $15, wbife do SHORT HORNED CATTLE. The subscriber will sell at auction, at his Farm in East Windsor, Con. on Wednesday the lllh day of JVoveiiiber next, 2 Cows, 1-2 blood Improved Durham Short Horns. 2 Bulls, 1-2 do. do. do. do. do. 2 Heif. calves, 1-2 do. . do. do. do. 1 Heifer, 3-4 do. do, do. do. 1 Bull, 3-4 do. do. do. do. 3 Cows, 1-2 Holderness. 1 do. 1-2 do. and 1-4 Impr. Dur. Short Horns. 3 Heifers, 1-4 do. and 1-2 do. do. do. do. 1 Bull calf, 1-4 do. and 5-8 do. do. do. do. 1 Heifer, 1-2 Ayrshire. The cows and heifer are with calf by the Improved Durham Short Horned Bull IVt/e Comet. ALSO— 30 Half Blood Sa.Yon Bams, and 1 yoke of Working Oxen. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock A. M. HENRY WATSON. East Windsor, Oct. 27, 182'). Grape Vines. For sale at the Brighton Nursery, 5500 Grape Vines, in prime order for transplanting, among which are, Isabella. 1000 Sweet V\^ater, 800 White Chasselas, fiOO Black Hamburg, COO Black Cape, 300 Also, Wyatt's Black cluster, white Muscat, St Peter's, Red Muscat, Black Frontignac, white do. ISlack Mus- cadine, white do. (genuine) white Hamburg, Flame colored Tokay, Black Muscat, Black Constantia, Early Oval, Golden Chasselas, Grizley Tokay, Lombardy, Hunewell's fine black. Blue Cartagon or Hopkins, Mil- ler's Burgundy, Bland's Virginia, Orwigsburg, Elsin- burg, Catawba, &c. at various prices, mostly 50 cents each. Oj'Orders for any of the above left with Mr RirssEr.L, at his Seed Store, No. 52, North Market-street, will meet prompt attention, and the Vines will be delivered by him. Nov. 6. Dear Sir— 1 have received from Wm. P. E.\- do. $15, Alton's large single red camellia, $15, Holly OTT, Esq.'s farm in Danvers, some of the finest ' ■ ' . .., . . . ~ ily colored Cape Broccoli, raised by him from seed ch I purchased at your establishment last spring : (f are the largest ever seen in this vicinity ; in fact, fine vegetable is never exposed for sale in our ket. he flower head of the one which I now forward , please send to the Horticultural Society's Hall, leasured, when first cut from its leaves, (which the way, has injured the beauty of the plant) -2 inches in circumference, weight 7 3-4 lbs. •ilem, Oct. 30, 1829. Yours, J. M. IVES. ICFDr STORER'S Third Lecture on Entomology, prising the Interna! Anatomy of Insects, wilt take e at Tremont Hall, on Tuesday evenino- ne.xt at 7 ■ck. For Sale, Bull of the Improved Durham Short Horned Breed, s two years old, and in every respect a fine animal, particulars, inquire of J. B. Russell, at the New land Farmer Office. * 3t Oct. 30. Heifer wanted. gentleman in Maine wishes to purchase a first rate sr, for milk, about two years old, of the Improved t Horned breed. — Address Aaron Blaney, Bristol, 3t Nov. G hock flowered, ,$18, aucuba leaved, 8 to ,$19,Chandler's striped warratah, $18, coral flowered, .$18, cluster flowered, $15, Graville's red, 5 to .$G, large flowerino-, $15, dwarf, $15, splendid flowered, $18, Lady Long's, $15, nepaul, .$20, China rose, $15, Ross' superb, $18, spathulate, $15 large stamened, ,$12, pink warratah, $15, Wood's superb, $15, yellowi.sh white, $15, change- able, $8, Harrison's new rose, $10, fulgent flowerino- $15. O^Orrlers for any of the above plants received by J. B. RirssF.LL, at the Anricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, and faithfully executed. Oct. IG. 3t Gardening Business. Gcnllemen in want of a competent person to prune Grape Vines, Fruit Trees, &.c. arrange hot beds, walks, or green hou- ses, pot plants, arrange tliem in green houses, or, in fine, any business connected with gardens, can be accommodated by calling on Mr Senior, at his Green Houses, in Roxbury, who will attend to the above business himself, or furnish a competent person. Chinese Chrysanthemums. The subscribers offer for sale, at 50 cU. each pot, the following superb varieties of this delightful flower, which enlivens our autumn with its profuse and beauti- ful bloom :— Golden Lotus — Quilled flame yellow — Ex- panded Orange — Paper White^Superb or E.xpanded White— Early Blush— Curled Lilac— Crimson— Larire Quilled Pink— Two Colored, &c. The expense for packing is but trifling, and can be sent in tijne to have the whole bloom the present autumn. Also the genuine Grevi.Ue Rose, a.1 $1 each— not budded, but strong plants from layers. Also, an e.xtensive collection of the Camellia japonica or Japan Rose— the double White— Rcd—Crimson—Bufl' — Pa!ony flowered, Pink, Striped, and Lady Hume's Blush or Pompone, at $3 each, in full bud to bloom this winter— Welbankiana or White Pajony floivfered 6 to $8 — Coccinea or Scarlet, $8 — Sesanqua roseo pleno, .$8 all strong, ^thriving plants. A beautiful collection of Ciclumcns, 75 cts. each ; some of which bloom in winter ^together with a choice collection of Green House and Hot House plants, which for strengtli and vigorous growth, are not excelled in the United States. Our pri- ces are moderate, as may be seen by the rates we olfer the above fine plants. Orders left with Mr Kussell, at the Ofiice of the New England Farmer, will meet prompt attention. G. THORBURN & Son, o30 3t Florists— 67 Liberty Street, J\'ew York Farm Wanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good and convenient House, Barn, &c. situated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms olfered.will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. eptf Lime Plant — (Podophyllum peltaliim.) For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52, North Mai kpt street, 50 fine roots of this singular plant, which is described in p. 123 of this week's New England Former, price 25 cents each— now in fine order for iranspianting. — Also, for sale 1000 common Hyacinth roots, at the low price of gd per hundred, where I at Brighton, that number is taken— a fine chance for those who wish to form I Likewise, Machines for doubling, twist; Cobb^s improved Reel. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Mar- ket street. Cobb's improved Reel for winding silk from the co- coons. The improvement consists in the dfstributing rod, the Reel, and method oftightening the band— for which a premium was awarded by the Agricultural Society at their late exhibition I handsome Hyacinth bed. Nov. 6. Silk. and spinning Oct. 30. 128 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 6, 18-29. MISCELLANIES. ON THE AMERICAN CONVOLVULUS. At noon I »aw thco, boaulcouB flowi>r, And liailid thco fairest in my bower; Anil as I bound thy nlojidor iitoins, All radiant witli their dewy -{eniB, Kacli varied tint of Iris' bow Was lent, to grace thy modest brow ; I would not cull thco, tlowrct fair, But left thee in the gay parterre, To vie with each proud Lcauty there ; Alas I how little did 1 ween When next I saw thee there, at e'en To Snd thee wither'd, loTcly one ; And every bud of beauty gone ! And must 1, then, in one short day, Behold thoe bloom — weep thy decay ! "r is ever thus, with all I prize : — The brightest form that glads mine eyes. The sweetest song that charms mine ear, Kach joy most cherished and most dear, Like thee, ray favorite flowret, stay To cheer me but one little day ! C. A 7 Prolific Hrted. Six fwes, owned by Duncon ]coi)tuiiis about ten ounces of water. Imnicdiatel j- Llovil Shiiw of Kavnlmin, enoh produced lambs uflerwiirils put into the Bamc, tliirty-five grains < •' _ -^ . . . . ,. .... \^ -._:.! .1 I, : :„i,l.. 'ri :.i _-. R. A parcel of ripe strawberries, with a few blo.s- ^oms, was brought to our office yesterday after- noon, says the Baltituore American of Saturday last. They were reared without artificial means. The plurits were only protected from the northwest wind. Last year the same gentleman who raised these, had theiu as late as the 20th November, and expects to have tliem as late the present season. Encouragement of Silk Growers. — The Legisla- ture of Delaware has enacted a law for the en- couragement of silk growers, which [jrovides that all lands within the limits of the state, which now are, or hereafter may be, actnally employed and occupied in the growth of white mulberry trees, with a view to the raising of silk, shall be exempt from taxation for the space of ten years, from the time of planting such trees — and that to each and every individual, who shall plant and bring to per- fection witliiii the limits of the state, two hundred such mulberry treos, within the space of five years from tlie first day of May next, there shall be giv- en by the state, a Silver Medal of the value of five dollars. in DeeembiT l.ist ; and in June last, four of the same sheep again had lambs, all of w hieh, at both times have been raised, and are thriving. Instan- ces of this animal producing twice a year may be known, but are probabiy very rare. One of these sheep, wo are told, has done so before. — Taunton Reporter. There are 384,254 bushels of salt made at Barnstable, Mass. yearly. It is estimated that New England contains about 500,000 spindles in their factories. An effort is making to provide the means of es- tablishing a College in the state of Illinois. Alib- eral subscription has been raised by the friends of the object in that state. Th« amount of canal toll paid to the Collector at Albany, this season, to the first of October was S101,263. |_ " Why," said a country clergyman to one of his flock, " do you always snore in your pew when I am in the pulpit, while you are all attention to every stranger I invite ? " " Because, Sir, when you preach I am sure all is right ; but I can't trust to a stranger, without keejjing a good look out." Interestinf!; to American Jlnlifjuaiies. — The Geo- graphical Society of Paris have offered a gold me- dal of the value of 2400 francs for the best disser- tation upon American Antiquities. Col. Ilargreaves, of Lancashire, has a mare up- wards of 60 years of age. Lincolnshire Giant. — The Taunton Courier con- tains an account of the death and funeral of Ncal Sewell, the Lincolnshire giant, who was born ut Ilorncastic in 1805. Scwcll was seven feet four inches high, anil weighed 518 pounds. — Ho re- quired five yards of broad cloth for his coat, five yards of cloth and lining for his vest, seven yards of patent cord for his trowsers ; his shoes were 14J inches long, and 6J inches wide. tartaric acid, then cork it quickly. The acid fall ought to be used in crVHtals, ag when in pon dir they are apt to seize upon each other befot the bottle can be well corked, and so a coni-iden ble f|uantity of the carbonic acid gas ^\hich evolved, is lost. — .Mechanics' Mag. HanleJ, An Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. An intt ligcnt boy from the countrv would be preferred. Inquire at the New England Farmer Oifice. Nn. North Market Street. if Oct. Si Fruit Trees, Sfc. for Sale. The subscriber wishing to give up the cultivation Fruit Trees, offers a handsome lot of .?//p/« Tr.ts hist sorts. Also Cherry Trees, Peach Trees, and n Plum Trcet, of screral new varieties. Horse Che>; Cnt^lpas, Butternuts, White .Mulberries, and sup plants of Honeysuckles AllheaK, &.c. &c. The v. , would be sold at 'Xi 1 -3 per cent, discount from his ' - low prices, or by the hundred, at a discount of 25 per < A memorandum of sorts may be seen at Mr. Ri'.^si New England Farmer Oifice. JOHN PRI.NC Jamaica Plain, Oct. ff, l—i9. I can also spare a few young Pear Trees (raised seed) : and one and two years old from buds of new sorts, at 75 cents each. U! '^m Tomato .Mustard and Ketchup, For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 .N Market street. Tomato Mustard, an excellent srti( '■ beef steaks, roast meats, &c. made in the best niaiu by a person regularly educated at the business in Euri — price .'JO cents per bottle — also, Tomato Ketchup, p pared by the same person, in difFerent sized bottlei prices 50, or 33 eeuls per bottle. Oct. 16 Roots of Che Pis Plant or Tart RJiubarb. A supply of the roots of the Rheum palmatum, Tart Rhubarb, or Pie Plant, an excellent article early summer use, (see N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. pa^f • and Fessendcn's New American Gardener, article K BARB, for its culture and uses.) The roots are II: and in fine order for transplanting this fall For sale at the AgriculUiraT Warehouse. N' North Market street — price 25 cts. per root. Oct. I Ever-hearing Raspberry. — Mr Noadiab Rock- well, jr. brought to our office yesterday, for exhi bition, several bunches of the Ever-hearing rasp berry, loaded with great numbers of this delicious fruit — some ripe, others just turning red, and oth- ers green ; it also had a large number in bloom. The fruit, when ripe, is red, of a beautiful flavor. It commttnces bearing early in the sjiring, and con- tinues to bear until frost comes. A gentleman forwarded it to Mr U. from the banks of the Mis- ^wo new species of olives have been discover- sissippi. Mr II. wo believe, has the plants for cd in the southern district of the Crimea, Kuss: The New Hampshire Gazette states that a coal mine has recently been di.scovcred at Bath, in that state, near the banks of the Great Amonoosuck, and only a few miles from Connecticut River. — The coal has been found, on trial, to be of a good quality, and resembles the Lehigh coal in its es- sential properties, but contains a greater propor- tion of slate. The mine is supposed to be very extensive. Fine Table Grapes. For sale at the Charlcstown Vinevard, on the > side of Bunker's Hill, a quantity of die finest Eur..), table Grapes, raised in the open air, and now ripe, ripening, on tlie vines. There are about a do7.en di) ent sorts, among which the principal are the White > cadine or Sweet Water, Burgundy, Black Ham'') Red Chasselas, &c. For sale in anv quantities, li hundredweight or otherwise. D. HAGGERSTli; Charlcstown Vineyard, Oct. 8, ISatl. sale — .Middlclown pa. Large Radish. — Mr Epapiiras Clark has left at this oflice, a cherry radish, raited in his garden this aeason, weighing nine pounds. — Ibid. A'cw England Fanner's Almanack for 1830. Just published by C.*kti;r <& Hkmh.e, roraaE< School and Washington-streets, .ind by J. 11. Ri «si§ : No. 52, North Market-street, the .Vtir Knalantl fans Almanack for 1p30. By TiioM.vs G. Fksse.ndl.n, m of the New England Farmer. This Almanack, it is tliought, will be fount) to bo i siderably improved upon that of the preceding j The Astronomical calculations have been proparea ,,,,,, . , ... , , . i revised Willi great care bv a gentlemiui of this iiiv- on the Black bea, m about 4o ' north latitude, tides particularly noted— a complete Calendar of The shoots, which were planted in the botanical ] Courts for each state in Now Eiipland, including Probate Courts of Massachusetts — the Sun's deolini Prolific. — \ gentloiiiaii in this town of our ac- quaintance, planted three potatoes of a rare and superior kind, from which he gathered lhr,:epecks. — Concord (Mass.) Gaz. Mammoth Hog. — The Editor of the Poultnoy p:iper says, that a hog, ruiseil in that town, which weighs 1100 pounds, is about to depart on a visit to the South. — Ibid. garden of iv'ikita, have livad through one of ihe hardest \\ inters ever known, which would liave been fatal to the French or Italian olive. A Froiich jiaper states that an inhabitant of Lyons grafted ujum the snmo stem, red and white grapes, (leachcs and a|>ricots, which all (lowered at the same time, and gave ripe fruit within a few davs of each other. Cheap and easy method of making .Suda Water. — Take forty grains of carbonaio of soda, put them into a common soda wutor bottle, which generally — a table of Roads and distances from Boston, Ac. seventeen pages of miscellanoous articles, princii upon .Agriculture and Gardening. J J Country traders and others supplied upon the I liberal terms, by the thousand, groco, or dozen. Sept. 1^. Published every Friday, nt Sifrt aiiiiimi, pa ,' le i end of the year— but ihosc who pay williiii !,ixt\ . .,\ . iVm liinc orsiibsrribliij,', arc eiilided lo a dediicliou •! i<: v ,< st IT No paper n ill bo sonl lo a dijianrc witliout p,i\ inci ilir inside ill adviiiiro. Priiiled lor J, It. Ru.y I. K. Butts— by t all ilcMriplioiis of I'riiiiiiig rau be oxeruird lo meet llie » of customers. Orders for priiiiing rercivrd by J. It. Itus) •I Ihc AsricullurnI Waraliousc No. .'li North MaikolE NEW ENOIiAND FARMER. Published by John B. Russeli,, at JVo. 52 JVorth Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse) Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JNOVEMBER 13, 1829. No. 17. AGRICULTURE. II. The following fifteen experiments are exactly the same as tlio forjiier with the addition only of a shovel full of ^ood barn manure to each iiill. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEIU.- ON POTATOES. Mr Fessende.v — Your correspondent, Mr P. IRE, in reply to the queries of " No Tlieorist," detailed some e.\periinents on Potatoes. One t in every art or science is worth many conjec- es, however i)lausible ; and the pubHc should grateful to any intelligent farmer, who will ex- ile with exactness any valuable experiment and nmunicate the result for the benefit of others, avc thought, while the subject is particularly ore their attention, that the agricultural public lit be gratified with the result of some experi- nts on this subject, conducted with apparently at exactness by a gentleman, who chose to :hhohl his name from the public, and printed in 3d volume of the Memoirs of the Mass. Agr. ;iety, page 322. I have therefore transcribed i now forward them to you, to use as you may !ni best. Yours, respectfully. Oct. 26, 1829. H. C. So wide a difference of opinion exists among h scientific and merely practical farmers, as to quantity of seed necessary to produce the best p of potatoes, I had determined to make an ex- iment on this subject. For this purpose I se- ted a piece of sandy loam, incumbent on a sub- itum of sand, the whole ground as near alike a? quality as possible ; and now enclose you the ult of forty experiments. The^e experiments re made under my immediate inspection, there- e I can answer for their correctness." Dated Dover, .V. H. April 8, 1815. Result of fifteen experiments made at Dover, N'ew Hampshire, A. D. 1S13, of seeding Fota- oes, consisting of 20 hills — the rows 3 feet ipart, hills 2 feet, tvithout any manure, on sandy oam tliat had been two years planted. = s Si 1 = § . Descriplion of the aced as put into the ground. fe-.S "rt Q. ozs. j Ib.oz h-2 J 12 1 Two whole potatoes, 15 7(> 6 One do. 7 H 4r. 3 12 Two do. cut in halves laitudinally, 15 73 6 One do. do. do. 7 8 64 0 2 The eyes of two potatoes, which weighed 12 ozs. 3 4 44 1 The eyes of 1 do. 1 10 46 0 One potato cut in quarters longi- tudinally. 7 H 65 ti 3 Half do. do. do. 3 12 48 3 Half do. cut in halves do. 3 12 54 U One quarter of a potato, 1 14 38 4 Four potatoes whole, weight 1 02. each, the produce small size, 5 .52 1-2 2 Two do. do. rather small, 2 8 44 1 One do. do. good size. The sprout end of 2 do. 1-3 of each. 1 4 37 J4 4 5 46 6 One potato the eyes cut out, 7 e 42 88 01 775 III. Result of ten experiments of seeding Potatoes, 20 hills each, manured with a small handful of Rock weed.* 11 Doacription of tho aead aa put into the II ii d'o giound. $■' _s. ozs. Ib.oz h'" 12 Two whole potatoes, 15 80 6 One do. 7 b 12 Two do. cut in halves latitudjnally, 15 61 6 One do. do. do. 7 8 bo 2 The eyes of two potatoes which weighed 12 ozs. 3 4 1 The eyes of one do. do. 110 6 One potato cut in quarters longi- tudinally, 7 8 5b 3 Half do. do. do. 3 12 35 1 3 Half do. cut in halves do. 3 12 37 14 One quarter of a potato, 114 32 4 Four potatoes, whole, weight 1 oz. each produce small size. 5 3i» 2 Two do. do. do. rather small. 2 8 3.3 1 One do. do. do. good size. 1 4 31 4 The sprout end of two do. J of each. 5 42 6 One do. wt. <5 ozs eyes cut out, 7 8 33 88 0|632 . Gain by manuring. 143 ll c M Deacription of the Seed as put into the 3^ ground. 3 -o - za ozs. lb. oz. E^ 1 2 12 Two whole potatoes, ^ 6 One do. 15 7 8 73 61 3 4 6 3 One do. quartered longitudinally] One halfdo. divided do: 7 8 312 67 5 fi 14 8 One quarter of the potato. Four whole do. 2 ozs. each, 1 14 10 2(i 69 7 6 Tiiree do. do. do. 7 8 44 R 4 Two do. do. do. 5 53 9 2 One do. do. do. 2 8 42 10 2 One do. cut in halves, 2 8 47 63 2 1 534 The foregoing experiments prove, what all ex- perienced farmers were convinced of, that poor land requires more seed in all kinds of crops, than that under a high state of cultivation. N. B. A bushel of potatoes weighs 56 to 58 pounds. The potato used for seed in the above described experiments was the large blue. when it shall bo deemed nearer a minimum than a iiiiiximuiii produce. The produce in Flanders is rated in many cases at ten tops and one-sixth, by the English acre. LouuoN rates tho produce at from five to eight, and sometimes ten and twelve tons to an acre, at forty bushels to a ton, as the highest jiroduce known in England. S. G. Perki.ns, Esq. obtained '• from siiiiety-four sets, each set containing one, two, or three ejes, planted in drills, 255 lbs. of large handsome pota- toes, fit for table use, and 18 lbs. of small ones, making an aggregate of 273 lbs. from one lb. and two ounces, or 242 lbs. for one. This, accord- ing to the extent of ground planted, at 60 ])Ounds to a bushel, is a little over 1200 Inishels to an acre."* Samuel Lathrop, of West Springfield, in 1817. raised on an acre more than 618 bushels. He had no doubt that a part of the giound yeilded at the rate of 700 bushels. Payson Williams of Fitchburg, in 1818, raised on an acre, 498 bush. Denms Stebbins, of Deerfield, do. in 1819, 612 " Payson Williams, of Fitchburg, do in 1810, 580 " Do. do. in 1820, 614 ' Do. do. in 1821, 551.^^ ' John Dwinell, of Balem, do. in 1821, 518 " A few rods of my own ground, this year, I found by measurement, produced at the rate of 412 busliels to an acre. These were of the Long Red potatoes, and were not better thaji some other parts of my field, though they were planted mere- ly as an experiment, according to direction.s given in a recent number of the British Farmer's Mag- azine, in deep trenches, well manured, and the earth which was thrown out, gradually returned as they grew, until the surface was levelled. This mode of planting, though highly recommended, was expensive of time and labor, and not, upon the whole, to be chosen. The size of potatoes tUis year, with me, is uncommonly large, as from a crop of more than fifteen hundred bushels, the amount of small, worm eaten, sunburnt, and refuse, does not exceed 180 busliels, and many of these, in ordinary years, would be. deemed marketable. Od.26, 1829. H. C. FOR THK NEW ENGI.ANf FARMER. AMOUNT OF P,OTATO CROPS. Dr Anderson says, that he has raised of good marketable potatoes, at the rate of more than thirty tons weight from a Scotch acre of ground, (the Scotch is to the English acre, as five to four, Bear- ly.) Col. Pickering says, a bushel of potatoes will weigh 66 pounds. Dr A.'s crop, then, is at the rate of more than 814 bushels to an English acre. He conceives, that in the state of knowledge respecting the cultivation at that time, (1798) thir- ty tons from an English acre may be considered as the maximum produce; but in his excursive and brilliant imagination, he anticipates the time *FucU3 of Lin. much used as a manure for raising corn on sandy plains in this vicinity. (Dover, N. H.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE VINE. Hon. H. a. S. Dearborn, Pres. Mass. Hort. Sociel/. The dravvingf which I now forward you, t;!- gether with the mode of training the vine prac- tised at Thoniery, has already been accurately described by a highly distinguished member of the Horticultural and Agricultural Societies of Massa- chusetts. [See New England Farmer, vol. vi. |>. 73, 118, and 121.] It is a translation from a cel- ebrated work which has been annually published at Paris for the last 66 years with continued im- provements. In that work, this mode of training and pruning, *See his letter — Mass. Memoirs of Agr. vol. iii. p. 328. t This drawing is to be seen atthe Hall of the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society. ido NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 13, 18-29. and this iiiodu alone, is given by M. M. I'oitf.ad and ViLMOKi.v, as it was cuiisidcred liy tliuin the perfection of every syslcui that had ever been de- vised. 1 1 was founded on the princi|ilc adduced from the single fact, that an extcndeil ^""^ produ- ces not fruit, except nt its extremity — that a vine carried beyond a limited extent, ever becomes bar- ren at il£ base. The vino is a native of tlie temperate regions ; it does not flourish within the tropics ; it docs in- deed grow there, hut produces very little fruit, ex- cept in the niounlainons elevations. With regard to climate as adapted to the vine, two things are acknowledged as essential: — a se- rene sky, and a powerful sun during the summer months. With respect to the last, the temperature of the summer months in New Etiglninl and the Middle State.s is far greater than that of some of those countries famou.^ for their vineyards ; and with respect to the numbtM' of unclouded Hays du- ring the summer season, the advantage still is allo- getlier on the side of the United States. The climate in which the vine may be success- fully cultivated in the open air, has been designa- ted by some writers as the region in which the peach and the maize may he cultivated as a ccr- tJiin crop. This region, on the Atlantic shores, terminates in about from the 43(1 to the 45th degrees of north latitude; but if you proceed westerly, to the val- )ry of the Mississippi, it terminates not, perliaps, till you arrive ut the 47lli. Hut according to those numerous authors who haw; written on lUis subject, the temperature in Europe increases as you proceed easterly from the Atlantic ; and the extreme northern limits, where maize is cidtivated on the western coast of France is about Man.s, in latiunle 48<:'. On about this same parallel of latitude, the vine is also cultivated in Burgundy and Champagne ; and as you proceed cast still further, at llockheim, in latituile 49°, and at ISrundcnburg, Germany, in from latitude 51° to 55°. The principal reason to be assigned why the climate of the United States on the .Atlantic dilFers so essentially from that of I'urope in correspond- ing latitudes, iy, that our prevailing winds in spring, following the course of the sun, and coming east- erly directly from the ocean, arc cold and humid — they retard, instead of promoting vegetation. On the contrary, in tho.sc parts of France, Spain, and Italy, which lie in latitudes corresponding with the United States, the winds which follow the course of the sun, passing over the vast territories of the interior, are warm, and more particularly those coming from the south-east and south, from the deserts of ,\rabia and Sahara. EXPOSITION AND SOIL, i The most favorable exposition for the vine, i.<:, undoubtedly, with us, a south westerly ; remote as for agpraclicalde, from wood.", swamps, and stand- ing water; — these cati.sc mildew, and an easterly exposition alike subjects them lo the same calami- ty. I shall say nothing here, relotive to the sub. ject of till! mildew ; it is sMflicienl that the reme- dies and prtjventativcsare now well known. A soil rather inclining to sand than today is to be prt'- fcrred ; and for a rlimatir like ours, most writers Hcem ni'io agreed, ihiit the vines kIiduIiI not ho en- couraged to descend ilcep into the .soil, as they would thereby lose the inlluence of the snn. In a cold cliniato, wo are positively lold hy the most approved writers, that the ground must not be shaded ; — but a considerable jiroportion should be \k(\ exjio.sed to the mo.-t intense and powerful rays of the sun : this is alike essential to the qual- ity of the fruit, us to its early maturity. Vines, therefore, in a cold climate, ought not to be raised on arbors ; on the contrary, in a hot climate it is essentially necessary to shade the ground. It has been seen that the vines at Thomery arc trained on trellises to a vertical wall, facing the south, with a coping projecting from the top, as well to defend them from the early and latter frosts, as from the storms of hail so frequent in that country, and which so often blast at once the labors and the expectations of the cultivator. ISut in this coimtry where we are so seldom annoyed by hail storms, a vertical wall with a co)>ing, seems indeed the mo.st eligible ; for during our longest days, at which time the sun approaches very near the zenith at noon day, the vines would be unavoidably shaded by the wall during the former and latter part of the day ; — indeed, during our longest days, besides being shaded by their own foliage in a measure, they could receive but very little benefit from the sun at any time of the day, either by his direct rays, or by reflection. An inclined wall of masonry, or an inclined fence constructed of boards, (either of which should be ])ainled black) placed at an angle of about 45° with the horizon, would probably be the best possible position. Here the later kinds of grapes might be ri()ened much sooner than on a vertical wall. The reasons for concluding that this angle would be the most proper, are, that the sun would then operate at right angles and consequently with his greatest ellect, at the very time when his rays were the most necessary to mature the fruit, or about the time of the autumnal Kquinox. Over this the trellises are to be ]>laccd at just sutficicnt distance to allow the grapes to hang without touching the wall. The idea of training the vine on an inclined plane is not probably new. It was first suggested to mo by the lion. RiciiARn Sullivan, whose opinions on this subject are entitled to high consid- eration, and whose successful cultivation of the vine at Hrookline has excited the admiration of all who have ever witncs.scd it. The experiment has been tried in Denmark, by M. Lindegaard, who succeeded in hastening the maturity of his grapes in his glass houses, by placing boards beneath them, at just suflicieni dis- tance to allow the gnipcs to hang freely. It was also tried in France, by M. nAUcuARD, of Montcornet, in 1827, on a vine growing under a south window. One portion of this vine asrend- cd over the slaled roof of the jiortico, and it was found that the fruit on this part of the vine had become black, while the fruit vn the other parts of the vine was still green. If the mildew should be -upposeil to orise in any case from the perspiration of vapors ascen\ them — seven years' careful priming and fri-\ treatment lo make them ripen their crops of Ir The celebrated Hales seemed fully aware ol'i efficiency of this system. He mentions parih larly m his " f'egtlahtr Statics," o geinlcrn whom he knew, who had found, that by priiiiii his vines and defoliating them in Sepii-niber. i S.V. S. WiLDKII, EW). Vol.Viri.— Nn. 17. n as the fruit was off) they had produced more indant c.'0|)S than other vines, particularly in a ir when, o« ing to the extreme coldness and hu- llty of the summer which had preceded, otiier liad not ripened their wood, consequently duced generally very little fruit. Vfter all, it may perhaps be considered nfe cer- I, that if ever the foreign varieties of the grape uld become so far naturalized to tho climate of vv England as to produce and ripen their fruit ; our native varieties, without any care or cuUiva- whatever, it can only be done by raising them 11 the seeds for a succession of generations : never from cuttings. For this purpose tlie ds, not of the fine ameliorated kinds, but of the St hardy and austere Uiiids should probably be ferred — they would gradually improve in qual- as the experiment was continued, and in the I by proper and continued selections might pro- •e many fine and superior varieties. Sept. 25, 1829. W. K. Downer, Esq. Dear Sir — I have sent, on board of the Dia- nd, Casby, a bundle of trees, containing Jonathan, or New Spitzenburgli, an Esopus seedling, and superior to the old for eating. Mouse, a fair winter apple from the tiaine place. Gertnan apples import- ed by C. Knudson, as su- perior varieties. Mr K. is a German nurseryman. 9. is known to be n su- perior fruit. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 131 Roseu Kyu. Passe Pom Rouge. Roth Krugu. Double Zapalleu. Roman Krugu. Fidgeon Rouge. Gravenstein. Straat, (street) from F.sopus — a superior nu- tiiran 'ipple, in eating from Sept. to January.' Astracan, from the London Horticultural So- ciety. Hawthornden, from do., an autumn fruit of high repute. My Plum, and I think another apple. The trees are labelled, and are presented to you h a request that the members of the Massachusetts rticultural Society may receive grafts and buds m them for propagation. I have also addressed to the care of Mr Ros- M two boxes of fruit, destined for the Commit- , of which you are a member, in relation to a menclature, &c. comprising about 35 samples of pies and pears. One of each sample is wrap- i in paper with a ticket of its number and name, known here. There are three without name, ley are from a friend who expected to find the mes, but who failed. I did not examine them th the object of identifying their names from this use. The French pear in the small box is a superior lit. Can you not tell its name ? I should be sased to know the result of your examination d comparison. As I am emphatically a potato and root farmer, lave also sent for the examination of your mem- rs (which examination can only be had, by the e, after they are cooked) a fair sample of my tato crop, of which I have 1500 bushels. Cannot a plan be devised, and carried into ef- i^t, for a descriptive catalogue of our esteemed lits, somnthing on the model of the London Po- ilogical Magazine, with lithographic figures ? ciety so comiietent to undertake the task as the Mas.sachusetts Horticultural, nor of any gentlemen better (jualified as editors than Mes.srs Lowell, Pekkins, an of Englisli authors. Royal Muscarine, ) This variety' .of the grape is considered the chasselas, />ai" excellence of the French collections, and is more extensively cultivated there than any other variety, which has caused it to receive in different localities, a great diversity of names. The leaves arc of medium size, pretty deejily ser- rated, and bordered with large, but not very acute indentures. The clusters of fruit are generally large and long, and the most part of them shoul- dered. The berriesaru round, varying somewhat in size, the medium ones are about eight lines in diameter, and rather less in height. The skin is firm, but delicate, of a, light green, which at perfect maturity takes a yellowish tint, and on the sunny side becomes of an amber col- or. The flesh is very melting, white, a little in- clining to green, with abundant juice, which is ve- ry sweet and agreeable. It has two to four seeils, which are green, marked with gray, the shoots are of a light yellow color, and stronger than those of many other vincB. This is the most esteemed of all the grapes cultivated in the climate of I'aris, on account of its excellence and long continuance. Its berries not being too closely set, it ripens the more reailily. An exposition facing the dawn, the mid-<1ay, or the setting sun, arc foimd equally suit- able to it. At I'aris, and its vicinity, it is cultiva- ted in the espalier form, and the best mode is deemed that of training two main branches hori- zontally in opposite directions, and to cause lh< fruit to be produced from shoots which spring from these two main branclu's. This course is adopted at Thomery, where inimensu quantitiLH of tlii fruit arc raised for the Taris market ; old as shall give the system there pursued, in detail, under the head of culture, it is uimei^ssary to say more here on the subject. Under the culture generally adopted at Thomery, the fruit ripens from the fifteenth to the end of September, but in open culture it is about fifteen days later. In the vicinity of New York, it is mature early in Septeinber.and the clusters of fruit may be preserved until May. In the department of. Jide, in France, it is found to make very good wine, but it will not keep long. The wine made from it near Paris, they say is ve- ry weak and without body. It will be seen that I have placed the chas-selas croijuant of Haut-Rhin, as a synonyme ; I how- ever received it thence as a distinct variety, and it is so placed by a horticulturist of great intelli- gence, but who, 1 think, errs in this case. In adopting it as a synonyme, 1 have followed the Die. d'.\griciilturc, now deemed a standard work. In Duhamel, and other standard French authors, and white and the golden chasselas, are not jiut down as distinct, and I have therefore considered them as the same. Most of the French vines which have been sold here, as the white and the golden chasselas, have proved to be i I not afraid of tempting the cupidity of tyrannical ™' iperiors by a disjilay of attire, either called for y his wants, or dictated by his taste. "' Pl Greece, with the loss of her liberty and the ru- '"'■k 1 of her cities, has an altered climate ; and the Worcester. " Vou will recollect, when you were here last year, we had large quantities of hemp upon the ground. It turned to good account. One of my neighbors sowed two bushels of seed on an acr. done by stirring the soil, must be taken into at |!tt'.t<' count." BUDDING. The same writer observes that "in buddii||IP~ fruit trees in and about Rouen, worsted threap are used instead of ribbons of bass, and the ei vantage, we were told, is, that the worsted expan^ as the bud swells." ■ 11. V BniciiTon Market. — Monday, Aop. 9. (Reported for llie CliroDiclc and Palriol.) Cattle — 2876 at market. The market more animated today than the preceding wee||ifc(lf and sales were more readily elected, the prici however, not varying materially. Pretty cxtensit l"l' purchases were made by the barrellersat the fol '^^ lowing rates— No. 2, !!<2 67 ; No. 1, .*3, and Mea|^ $3 50 per cwt. — very few good cattle for niarki beef at market ; we are not aware of any sclliii so high as $5. We quote the best in, at $4 50p fair to middhng, 3J to f 4, being by far the grea est proportion; thinner qualities were mostly ba relied. iilieep — 2606 at market. All sold, and at pr CCS which seemed to be perfectly satisfactory i the drovers. Lots of Shee|) and Lambs brougl generally from $1 50 to 1 75 l)er head, a fc prime $2, and a few ordinary $1 33. Sunne—T27 at market. There was a goo deal of noise and stir in the Swine market toda and gales went off rapidly. , We quote lots at 3 a 3JJ, and by retail 4 a 4J cts. WEEDING TO THE ECONOMIC POINT. The Conductor of the Gardener's Magazine, in describing a garden in France, .says, " It was rich- ly manured, well tilled, and the weeds, we think we may venture to state, were not suffered to grow beyond the economic point. By the economic point we mean when they are not suffered to become so numerous, or to attain so large a size, as that the injury lliey do the crop will exceed in value the ex- pense of weeding. In the gardens of private in- dividuals, or whenever neatness and order are pri- tnary considerations, no weeds should ever be al- lowed to appear ; but it must be obvious that to iiltain this degree of perfection, the ground inwsl often be searched when the expense of doing so will exceed in value tho amount of tho injury done by the weeds. This we intend in future to call w ling uniler the economic point ; as weeding, when ihi' weeds left in the gnuiiid do luoic liai in Y I lortiaUtural.— Among the fruifa left at the Hi of the Mass. Ilort Society, on Saturday last, we the following : — By S. DowNKR, Mr Stanwood's Pears, the san that were offered three weeks since, then not in r- ing — now in a soft state, and suitable for eatiii.* Rather austere in taste, but high flavored, cour grain, but pretty juicy ; a pear many would like, b not those who like a mild and pleasant pear. Sp ciinens of Verte Longue Panachoe, or striped 1p" green, or Culottes de Suisse, melting, buttery, ju: and quite pleasant, and may rank witli our u pears. By Mr Richards of Dcdham, specimens of Geruiain pears, a part of them fine flavored, a some very tasteless — tliey were middling fair ; large. — Also, specimens of Chaumontclle pears, li- ana possessing a handsome blush; tine, plensan'. ' vored pear for eating ; there has been more of ti variety tliis season, than usual ; they did not bh and crack so much as they have done heretofore. By Mr B. V. French, a large red, fair, and ve handsome apple, from Fredericksburg, Virginia, ca ed the Queen apple, pleasant flavored fruit ; a m dium eating apple. Tutsdaij, Oct. 27. Mr J. Buel's pears* were r ceivcd and opened for examination, by tlie Commitb on the Synonyincs of Fruits, who offer the foUowii Report : — Tho large Pear was so much decaye tlial we could judge only of llie form — it had a tii odor left, though Die taste was lost. .\ pearenclosi in a paper, with the label of " Capiaumont," w judged by one of the Committee to be a St Michat resembling it in appearance, size, and taste ; — con paring it with one raised in Dr Wkhster's ganli in Boston, they both appeared to be tlic same, ai were fine pears. ilednfutldi/, Oct. iJH. The small box was opciiC' tho large pears were very much decayed, so mm than llm expense of eradication, we inlend to call gOj ilio Committee could not ascertain their size ai' wi'cding above it. In forming the estimate for . this nomunclutui'c, the future injury wcods may do ' "See New EnglaiKl Farmer, page 105. m. The small French pears of Col. Jenkins', >re partially decayed, but sufficient left in an eat- r state, to judge it a superior pear, of a high musky I'or ; may rank with our fine and delicate pears, lUgh it did not possess the peculiar spicy flavor and ightliness of the Seckle. The Virgouleuse* re very much decayed, but three of them retained ir great beauties, viz. yellow color, fair, and with- , a blemish, and a handsome blusii — in size and ap- irance like our St Michael, and would go only by it name here. We would observe, there appears )e two or three varieties of St Michael, differing ttle in form atid taste, but still St Michael, though ! may taper towards the stem, and remain all yel- ', while another is almost globular or round on the , and half covered with a liandsome red blush ; ! last variety, we have had on the recent imported Michael trees from Fftnce, and on Quince stocks ; y have been uncommonly beautiful this season ; er a few years they blast and crack, like fruit on r old trees, but more and sooner in the country ,n the city." Tho only pear we call Virgouleuse, is a winter pear, ich often keeps till March— size medium, skin green i becomea yellow when ripe, thick and rough ; flesh se and fine grain, often waxy and yellowish, but juicy i hio-h flavored ; very subject to blast and crack in country : the tree is very much given to canker, -a will do but middling well in the city. From eight )d sized trees, over twenty-four years old, they have ; yielded me six bushels of fair oears since they have m in a bearing state ; most of them have lieen altered thin two years, and having them headed down too [ch. it produced such a complete stagnation of the ), as caused me to lose more than one-half Cox's rffouleuse is the same, 1 believe, as ours. S. D. ^ Vol. VIII.— No. 17. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 135 nXUr STORER'S Fourth Lecture on Entomology, the Metamorphoses of Insects, and their Classification 1 take place at Trcinont Hall, on Tuesday evening st, at 7 o'clock ;rrata. — In our lasi. page 12i, 1st column, line 22 from lop, dele Ihe words *' of New Jersey." To CoRREsroNOKNTs. — We have received an interesting imunicatioii from Dr Nichols of Danvcrs, describing an ict that has made great ilepredntions in tiie crops of Barley iSsex county, for several years past. It is probably the sa ided to by Hon. John Merrill, in the New England Far- r, page 43 of the current volume. — Dr Nichols' article lear ne.xt week — also an article on Mangel Wurtzel fro thbridge, — one from Providence, on some new varieties of t recently introduced into this country from Europe — and eral others, which will appear next week. To Farmers. To be lei, and entered upon the first of April next, a small n, five miles from Boston Market, under good improvement, 'ing good and convenient buildings, ond well fenced. Also, )e sold or exchanged for a farm in New England, or real es- in Boston, twelve hundred acres of good land in that part he state of Ohio called the Connecticut Reserve, in a town L setding. uquire at No. I Union-street, or Ibis office, tf Nov. 13. Bland's pale Red Grape Vines. sale by Rufus Howe, at the place of Samuel Downer, rchester, 50 Bland's pale red Grape Vines j 30 Alexander or .Schuylkill Muscadel do. Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, Rose Bushes, (50 very fine varie- ties) Bulbs, &c. llso, treble, double and single (distilled Rose Water, and Si ible distilled Poach water, by the demijohn or less quantify, s also constantly kept for sale at Mr Charles Wade's Porter liar. No. 12, Merchant's Row. 3l Nov. 13. CHOICE TULIP ROOTS. &c. 1 Saturday next ui Hi o'clock, at Cunniugham''s Auction Room, corner of Milk and Federal-streets. WO double Tulips, and 100 Ranunculus Roots; just received ■ Agnes, from London. These roots are represented as be- ; of the very finest .sort, put np expressly lor the London .rket, and are |)robably far superior to anything that has in offered for sale for many years. — Also, a fine collection of !ice Hyacinth roots, of iho most splendid colors, selected tU care, and all warranted sound. They will be sold in all assorted lots. J. L. CUNNINGHAM, Auctioneer. Double Distilled Rose Water. The subscriber has received a quantity of the above article, neatly put up in bottles for family use, warranted of a superior quality. EBENEZER WIGHT. nl3 4t Milk-street, (opposite Federal-street.) Mr B.\RNET Peters of Portland, is no longer Agent for the New England Farmer. — Of course no more monies are to be paid him on our account. JVew England Farmer's Almanac. Fkssenden'.s New England Farmer's Almanac for sale by the subscriber, by wholesale or retail. Portland, Nov. V.\. :it SAMUEL COLMAN. Grape Vines. For sale at the Brighton Nursery, 5.500 Grape Vines, in prime order for transplanting, among which arc. Isabella, 1000 Sweet Water. 800 White Chassclas, 600 Black Hamburg, COO Black Cape, 300 Also, Wyatt's Black cluster, white Muscat, St Peter's, Rod Muscat, Black Frontignac, wliite do. Black Mus- cadine, white do. (genuine) white Hamburg, Flame colored Tokay, Black Muscat, Black Constantia, Early Oval, Golden Chasselas, Grizley Tokay, Lombardy, Hunewell's fine black, Blue Cartagon or Hopkins, Mil- ler's Burgundy, Bland's Virginia, Orwigsburg, Elsin- burg, Catawba, &c. at various prices, mostly 50 cents each. inrOrders for any of the above left with Mr Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52, North Market-street, will meet prompt attention, and the Vines will be delivered by him. Nov. 6. Blant'.'s Virginia Grape. For Stile at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market street, W Vines, of the true Bland's Virginia Grape, one year old, price 75 cents each. This is one of the best native table Of wine grapes cultivated ; the bunches large, with shoulders, very thickly set, with berries of a pale red color. It has a thin skin, very little pulp, is very productive, perfectly hardy, and sur- passes most of the native grapes that have been exhibited at the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, this season. Mr Prince, in his Treatise on Horticulture, places it among the first native varieties, and says, " a person has but once li> taste this grape, to form his decision on this point." It may be well lo say that there is some confusion, in some nurseries, with regard to this grape, there being two sorts cultivated under the same name, one of which is very indifTercnt. There can be no mistake with regard lo the vines now oflered, as they are all from Mr Seavkr's garden, wlio furnished the grapes exhibited at the Hall of the Mass. Hort. Society. Chinese Chrysanthemums. The subscribers ofl'er for sale, at 50 cts. each pot, the following superb varieties of this delightful flower, which enlivens our autumn with its profuse and beauti- ful bloom; — Golden Lotus — Quilled flame yellow — Ex- panded Orange — Paper White — Superb or E.xpanded White— Early Blush — Curled Lilac— Crimson — Large Quilled Pink — Two Colored, &c. The expense for packing is but trifling, and can be sent in ti#ne to have the whole bloom the present autumn. Also the genuine Grerillc Rose, at $1 each — not budded, but strong plants from layers. Also, an extensive collection of the Camellia japonica or Jap,an Rose—the double White — Red — Crimson — Buff — Pajony flowered. Pink, Striped, and Lady Hume's Blush or Ponipone, at ,$3 each, in full bud to bloom this winter — Welbankiana or White Pnsony flowered C to $8 — Coccinea or Scarlet, $3--Sesanqua roseo pleno, .$8 — all strong, thriving plants. A beautiful collection of Ciclamens, 75 cts. each ; some of which bloom in winter — together with a choice collection of Green House and Hot House plants, which for strength and vigorous growth, arc not excelled in the United Stater,. Our pri- ces are moderate, as m.ay be seen by the rates we oflfer the above fine plants. Orders left with Mr Russell, at the Office of the New England Farmer, will meet prompt attention. ' G. THORBURN & Son, o30 3t Florists— G7 Liberty Street, Mw York Farm Wanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good and convenient House, Barn, &c. situated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms off"ered,will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. cptf Lime Plant — (Podophyllum peltatv.m.) For sale at ihe Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52, North Maikel street ;!3 , price 25 cents each— now n fine order for Iransplanling. — Also, for sale 1000 Hyacinth roots, at the low price of $o per hundred, whore that number is taken— a fine chance for those who wish lo form a handsome Hyacinth bed. Nov. fi. 50 fine roots of this singular plant, which is described in p. 1;!S of this week's New England Farmer, price 25 cents each— now Gardening Business. Gentlemen in want of a competeni person lo prune Grape Vines, Fruit Trees, &c. arrange hot beds, walks, or green hou- ses, pot plants, arrange them in green houses, or, in fine, any business connected with garden,?, can be accommodated by calling on Mr .Senior, at his Gri^en Houses, in Roxbury, who atleud to Ijie above busi person 1 himself, or furnish a competent J^oticc. Subscribers to the New England Farmer arc informed Iha they can have their volumes neatly and faithfully half bound and lettered, at 75 cts per volume, by leaving litem at this office. For Sale, A Bull of tho Improved Durham Short Horned Breed He is two years old, and in every respect a fine animal , For particulars, inquire of J, B, Russell, at the New Eagland Farmer Office, * 3t Oct. 30. Heifer wanted. A gentleman in Maine wishes to purchase a first rate heifer, for milk, about two years old, of the Improved Short Horned breed, — Address Aaron Blaney, ISristol, Me, 3t Nov,(; PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. lilk. bushel barrel pound. ibarrcl bushel pound cask. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, first sort, Pearl, first sort. BEANS, white, BEEF, mess. Cargo, No, I , Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, N CHEESE, new milk. Skimmed FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Genesee, - Rye, best, - . . - GRAIN, Corn, - . . . Rye, Barley, - - Oats,' .... HOGS LARD, first sort, new, LIME. PLAI.STER PARIS retails at PORK, clear, Navy, mess, Cargo, No, 1, - - SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orchard Grass, Fowl Meadow, - Rye Grass, Tall Meadow Oats Grass, - Red Top .... Lucerne, - - - . White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, fulfblood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed. Merino, three fourths washed, Merino, half blood. Merino, quarter washed, Native, washed, - . . Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, first sort PROVISION MARKET. ORRECTED KVKBT WEEK BY MR HAYWARD, ( Clerk nf Faneuil-hail Market.) pound FROM I TO 1 75 2 !5 1?5 00 130 CO 125 00 130 GO 1 00 1 25 9 00 7 50 G 50 l.'i IS fi 8 b oi: 6 25 (i or 6 12 3 75 4 00 (i2 63 (i5 68 67 3(i 3f; 8 00 8 50 8ft 90 3 50 15 (1(1 16 00 12 0(1 12,50 12 (h; 12 60 2 CO 3 00 300 406 3 00 b2 1 00 3f! 50 3:i 50 7 8 1 50 Hf, 45 2(1 30 .".0 3» -IK 30 2,5 S6 25 % ;i5 36 2G 30 % BEEF, best pieces, PORK, fresh, besl pieces, whole hogs, VEAL. - - . . MUTTON. . . . . POULTRY. - . . . BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, besl, EGGS, - - .' . . MEAL. Kye, retail, - liidiaH, retail, POTATt)S, CIDER, [according in quality,] pound. S 6 4 " 3 ft B ft G '. 12 dozen. 14 bushel. <; 37 liarrel. 1 se 10 14 20 16 1 00 7ft 40 136 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 13, 1 829. MISCELLANIES. From ibe Village Record. No one of correcl uste, c I read the lino which follow, wilh- oul feeling that a charming picture of rustic happiuess and humble lilc, is tkclchcd in a manner which Goldsmith or Uunu would have been forward lo praii>e, and proud to imilalc. I OBCe knew a plotghman, Bob Fletcher his nnme, Who was old and w as ugly, and so was his dame ; Vet lliey lived quite contented, and free Irom all strife, Rob Fletcher the ploughman, and lady, his wife. As the morn stroak'd the east, and the night fled away. They would rise up to labor, refresh 'd for the day ; The song of the lark, as it rose on the gale. Found Bob at the plough, and his wife at the pail. A neat little collage in front of a grove. Where in youth they first gave their young hearts up lo love, Was the solace uf age, and to them doubly dear, As it called up the past with a smile or a tear. Each tree had its thought, and the vow could impart, I'hal mingled, in youth, the warm wish of the heart ; The thorn was still there, and the blossoms it bore, .And the song from its top seem'd the same as before. When the curtain of night over nature was spread, .And Bob had returji'd from his plough to his shed, Like the dove on her nest, he reposed from edi care, If his wile and his youngsters, contented, were there. I have passed by his dnor when the evening was gray, And the hill and the landscape were fading away. And have heard from the collage, with grateful surprise, J'he voice of thanksgiving, like incense, arise. And I thought on the proud, who would look down with scorn. On the neat little cottage, the grove, and the thorn, And felt that the riches and follies of life Were dross, to contentment like Bob and his wife. merits. Tlie niicro.scopc, on this occasion, liaJ gi-' tiiiiatcd at £1,594 19s 4il. ; leaving an estimate' ven what nature seemed to liavc ilunied, to tlie ob- j balance in favor of the Society, of £483 17s. 64 iects of contemplation. Tlie base of the flower I . : r: — ; ; . J 1 ■. ir I ■ ii . .1-1 A steam engine at Pittsburc has been in use 1 \l extended itself, under iis iiiMtionrc, to a vast plain ;| , ° """■t, •■a= ^^^,, u=t « ,1 111. r.i I . I r ' vear^', and runs now as well as when it was net the sleiiilt-r stems of the trees liL-camo trunks of so •' ' - . ^ , 7 , •"•"'"-""""»"=» I .11 1 ' I I II 1 ' .'\ Kf>>ttiviiii: prool ol the durability of this iiikin many cedars ; the thread.s 111 the middle seemed *= -' <= i u.-.^miy «■ nno inain columns of massy structures supporting at the top their several ornamenl.s ; an 1 the narrow spaces if ij ' — ' — between, were enlarged ill walks, i)orlcrres, and i . . .. t. ■" « ' • ,.^ . ■ ,., , ,■ , , , .. I 111 .Vn .Apprentice, in a Book Irintine Offico. An inli terraces. On the polished bottoms ol these, bright- • ,i^,^,„t toy from the country would be preferred, er than Parian marble, walked in pair.<, alone, or. ;ni|uirc at the New England Farmer Office, No. in larger companies, llie winged inhabitants ;1 North Maukct Street. if Oct. tiV these, from liltle dusky flies, for such only the na-l.^■•e,„ China Tea ScU, and tight blue Diuntr Wm ked eye would have bhown them, were raised to \ Hcocivcd, a great variety of the «bove ; which with a ca glorious glittering animals, stained with living : pletc assorimeut of Crockery, China, and Glass Wore, are purple, and with a glossy gold, that would have j '""'^ ''°'' "'"' ''^'^' " '^°- * """^ ^""■'- made all the labors of the loom conlemptible in the j Powder at 2s per lb comiiarison. I could, at leisure, as they walked | DUPONT'S POWDER, qualiiv warranted, for sale together, admire their elegant limbs, their velvet ; g'T'^$^?''f'.^-f.;"'"""'"'"' ^"'"- "Broad »t, at reto.7. A, shoulders, and their silken wing.s ; their backs vic- ing with the empyrean in its blue ; and their eyes each formed of a thousand others, out-glittering the liltle planes on a brilliant ; above description, and too great almost for admiration. I could ob- serve them here singling out their favorite females ; courting them with tlie music of their buzzing U"s fr lime of >ul>>rrililiig. are onlilkd lo n deduction of (iliV ct i. Qj' No paper will bo sent to a distance wiihoul piiynui ing made in advance. Printed for J. B. KussELi.. by I.' R. Butts— bv «i all descriptions of Priming ran be execnied to meet ilie »r of cuslonuTs. Orders for printing received by J. B. KissK (I the Agricultural Warehouse i^o. A! North Market Sii NEW ENOL.ANB FARMER. Published by John B. Russell, at JVs. 52 J^Torth Market Street, (at t/ie .igricuUural If'arehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1829. No. 18. AGRICULTURE. FOR TH^ KEW ENGLAND FAKMER. RARE FRUITS. Mr Editor — I would solicit tlic attention of Horticultural Society ol" Boston, to the follow- varicties of the Apple, described iu the '• Jour- of a Horticultural Tour tlirou^li Flanders, llol- d, aiit^lie north of France, in 1817." This rncy was undertaken at the suggestion of Sir i.\ Si.NULAiR, by a Deputation of the Caledo- n Horticultural Society, for the purpose of as- taining"any new or uncommon varieties of ts and culinary vegetables, which it might be irable to introduce into Scotland." ^AxnicK Neill, Esq. the Secretary of that So- ty, and the author of the article on Horticul- e in the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, was one of Deputation ; and from his intelligence and in- itry, we may expect to derive some useful in- malion. riie first variety which attracted the attention the Deputation was the C'omple d'Orm ; a new seedling; apple, produced Maestricht about the year ISOO ; said to be of client quality, and has.been cultivated for soifl& rs at Antwerp. — (p(ige 106. J , Ffeerc Appel, or Gvntkitidii's Apple. — A large it, and good iu the'.dessert ; cultivated at Rot- dam. — (puge 127./ - . Zijdchtmd or-i Jerusalem Apple. — Esteemed at arlcin ; the fruit of a rich glossy appearance ire 174.) _ ^^ Gravmsttiii. — ~A large fruit, of a yellow hue, I some markings of red. The pulp is not very ler, but abouuds with juice iof a rich flavor. gathered before being fully rife, it keeps well ough the winter." This excellent varietj', whifh aid to be a native of Denmark, has been intro- ;ed into Scotland by Dlncan CowKy, Csq. It figured in the " Transactions of the llorticul- al Socifety of London." — (vol. iv.p. 52.3. t. 21.) I described in Forsyth, 7th edition, p. 105, as • round, somewhat flattened, and rather an- ar at the sides. The eye deeply sunk; skin 30th, of a fine clear straw color, streaked with next the sun : flesh pale yellow, not fine in ture, juicy, with a high vinous sweet taste. — It US the end of October, and will not keep after end of Novemlier." , Boi-sdorfer. — " Originated in Saxony, and has many years, been considered one of the best iu t country. There are two varieties. — The anion or autumn Borsdorfer, when ripe, is of a iowisli color, with a little red on 04ie side ; the or pleasant, and the juice plentiful and sweet — fruit of medium size. The other variety is ed the Red or Winter Borsdorfer ; it is red on : fide, and dotted with red on the other ; the p white, but reddish at the core, and possessing otiier good qualities of the autunm kind. The lily of the fruit continues to improve until y." The tree is described as attaining a large ;, and the blossom is said to be hardy, and not le to be injured by the sjiring frosts. — (page >.) This is probably llie Boriior^ of Forsyth, 1 the Borsdorf or (^ueen^ s Apple of Loldon. — It is figured in Langley's " Pomona," (t. 11. f G.) in Knoop's " Pomologia," (p. 35. tab. 10,) and in the " Trait^ des Arbres Fruitiers," by Duhatncl, (n. 6.j Forsyth says " it is a beautiful fruit, red next the sun, and of a fine 3ellow on the othc'r side. Itis about the size of the Golden Pippin, and next in perfecti'on to that celebrated apple. '•The Quecti was so fond of this ajjple, that she had a considerable number of them annually im- poi-tcd from ' Germany." It is described in Lou- don as " a much' esteemed Gernjan fruit, of a co- nical figure ; color, yellow and green ; flesh, firm and aromatic ; excellent for the table, and lasts till February." The French name of this variety is Postoplie d'Hiver. Frau-Apple. — Tliis is a favorite apple at Am- sterdam, and is brought down the Rhine from Germany. " It is truly a winter fruit ; the size large, the skin bro>vn, the pulp very hard, but of good flavor; it keeps firm not only over winter, but till July of the following summer." — p. 227. In the summer of 1821, Mr Neill visited Franco the second time, when the two following varieties were highly recommended by M. Noi- sette, the projuietor of a celebrated Nursery near the National Observatoiy, Paris. "'. If'hile Spanish Rennet. — " Is a long, cylindrical shaped apjilo, having a delicate skin, marked with a fine bloom or farina. It is one of the best and most iwjijamental, apples for the dessert in the win- ter a^in early spring months. De'Caux. — "Another Rennet of large and beai!tifiil fiuit, and is in perfection for the table in ■"'.briiary and Msn'ch. A. single applcMfwiil some- times weigh more tlian a pound, and the tree is productive." — (p. 460.) . Five of the above varieties liave recently been introduced into the nurseries on Long Island, and are advertised for sale at extra prices. j^ ' Your obedient servant, * ADAMS FOSTER. Providence, jYov. 11, 1S29. POTAT*OES. Mr Fesse.nden — In your paper of November 6, much is said, and many authorities quoted, on the subject of rtiising Potatoes, but not a word do I find, as to«i few things, which, after all, are, in my humble opinion, cf more importance than all the rest : — I mean manure, the form of the hill, and keeping the crop free from weeds. As to the matter whether you plant a larg« or middle sized, or small potato, or whether you cut them iu pieces, or plant the sprouts only, — as a plain prac- tical man, I have only to say, what indeed some of your autliorities intimate, that one large potato, (quite large,) or two or three of a middling size, (that is, a fair size for the table,) are far tlie most likely to insure a good crop. Why should not your potatoes for ])lanting be selected, as well as every other seed .-' I am inclined to think it bad economy to cut and sprout for planting, merely with a view of saving seed. With particular care, they may sometimes do well ; but I apprehend these cases to be exceptions, and that generally the cultivator is disappointed. Some seed is saved by it, but the labor is the same, and, so far as re- gards cutting and sprouting, is increased. As to the soil — newly brnlcen uj) land is no doubt to be preferred — if it be not too wet. — A dry soil does badlj'. — A cool and moist season is found best — but for this we dejiend on a kind Provideuce and no precautions, in planting, are of much avail. Of the manner of hailing, I say nothing A good cook knows more thajjf I do about that. And now, Mr E4^r, as respects my important things. 1. As to nianurc-. — I have this year had a little experience that has proved a good lesson to me. The long red potato, which we all know is among our most productive ; — the Elam potato from Rliode Island, and the Chenango, — both excellent kinds, and which grow to a good size, — these 1 planted round my corn field in two or three rows, and some of the long reds in a patch near the centre of the corn, and gave them the same care that the corn had, that is, three ploughings and lioeings, and the same manure, being a compost of a year old, made vp of about one half of clear emir and horse dung, and the other half of best tneadow- mud; and I may add, I gave them the same ample quantity to the hill that I did the corn. An acre or n)ore — adjoining the corn field, generally the same kind of soil — I planted wholly with the blue nose potatoes, and a yellow potato, which I value much, and which I had from' "Quebec about four years ago. This acre or^pMch I liad ma- nured with what ^ve farmei-s call coarse, or long dung; being the moist.and newly made manure from the barn yard and cellar, viith a good jnixtitri:,of old- refuse hay and straw, and nothing else. Now those whicli I pIa;\'^>Uw:tli the old compost manure, dii:.iii, prucli- cal man, who wishes to be useCul, bin who pre- tends to i!o skill in writing. I will noi irLspass on your time any further than just to add, lliat I mean lio disrejiect to theorislsin fMBiing. — Kipcrimcnls, ill every kind of useful proifaet, 1 highly lui/.c. — Slill less would 1 decry the knowUdj^e derivid from books, and from the erperienct of oilier cuunlrics. — On the contrary, I think the common fiirniers are greatly indebted to such gentlemen as put ii in our ponrer from books and otherwise, lo improve in our crops, and fruits, and animals. Old "Mas- sachusetts Uay," by these means may, if she will, become a garden ; and I, for one, feel under great obligation to them foi- the aid they give us in ma- king the calling of the farmer so respectable, and in placing themselves, as it were, among us. I hope in mercy it will have the eflect to induce more of our fine counin/ hoys to remain fanni'is, in- stead of running into the city, and getting behind the counter. Bless you, Sir ! I hope you do not consider it degrading to be a farmer. I know you do not, or you would not make the figure you do, as ditor, of the most valuable paper in the country. One advantage the farmer has over some other professions — he need never be idle. Tlie farmer's work is never done ; and "oecnpation is happiness" — so says Dr I'alev. Yours, most truly. A MIDDLESEX FARMER. following manner — lirst, a wheel made to fit in iiig them out by hand. Many of ibem are Icli the place of the common wheelbarrnw wheel, with ] lli'' fielil, the straw being cut off" above, or in run THE m:w enclanu farhek. pegs in its circum'ference, about 1^ incites long, was run upon the ridges, making boles about four incites apart ; and one capsule or berry, was drop- ped in each, and the earth pressed upon them ; but from some circumslnncu one tltinl of the ground vas left vacant, which was set with French turni|is and cabbages. At the second hoeing, the plants were thinned, and left about eight incites apart in the rows, and were hoed but once after- wards. The (|uaritity of land after dcdiicling thai part set with turnips and cabbages, diil not exceed twenty-seven srpiare rods, from which I had 16,34-5 pounds after the tops were cut off. I have no doubt that the roots would have been as large if the rows had been but two feet apart, as there was a space between, more than one foot in width, that the leaves never covered. The leaves are excellent for swine and cattle ; apart of mine were stripped four or fi'e times, and the root was not injured thereby. The leaves will dry up and fall off early in autumn if they are not strijtped off, ex- cept a few at the crown, which 1 found most con- venient to cut off before pulling the roots, for thej stand 8 or 10 inches above the ground. Cattle and swine devour the roots greedily, and I think them e.xcellent for fattening, and milch cows. — Mine cost not more than one dollar per ton, aside from the use of the land and manure, which I think must be considered cheap fodder. 1 have tried two or lltice experiments on pota- toes, lint will not state them at this time, as I have extended this article beyond what I intended. I will state, however, that I do not think it will answer to cnt off the tops of potatoes, as recom- mended in some recent publication. Dons the sugar beet differ materially in quality, quantity, or its manner of culture from the Mangel Wiirt/.el .' Yours, &c. SotUhbridge, jVov. 2, 1829. E. D. A. L-l of them, and the,-e have the appearance ; this time of being safely housed for winter. Tli part of the straw occupied by them, being, by tb cliunge from its natural state, pre.scrvee able to i vi\ye from the dry straw ; if so, keeping the stfl' o\cr one year would uftbnl an easy remedy. ANDREW NICHOLS: Danvers, .Yov. 9, 1829. MANGEL WL'RTZEL. Mk Russei.1, — I consider it a duly to make public such experiments as are likely to be of ge- neral benefit lo the community. If you think the following statements worthy of a place in your paper, you are at liberty to insert them. ThQ.cultur3 of the Mangel Wurtzel is surely an oxperment, as there is none raised to my know- ledge in this part of the State. 1 was induced to make the cx|)criment from reading an account of its culture, in Fessknde.n's New American Gar- dener, and accordingly planted one fourth of an acre with one |K)Und of seed which I obtained at your estiiblishment, not expecting, however, logct so large a crop as those stated byCol. PowEr. and othera ; but I have succeeded beyond my expecta- tion. The soil is a sandy loam, upon a rocky, re- tentive subsoil, not naturally deep or strong. Last year it was planleil with Iniliaii Corn, and ma- | appear to be in the chrysalis, or second stage of uii [The Sugar Beet seldom attains the very large si/.e of the Mangel Wiirtzel, but is n more solid root, whiter, and sweeter. — Ed.1 INSECT IN BARLEY. Mr Fessenue.n — The crops of barley in litis vi- ; and engrafted with orange shoots of the pre* cinity have been, for several J ears, greaily injured, summer. Some of these shoots containing t" and ill some instances almost destroyed, by small and others three leaves; some of them were sr. worms, or maggots in the culm (stem, or stalk) of et threads of Indian rubber, pre>iously soaked water. These operations were |icrformcd with tliu nicely of which I was capable ; the oth were grafted in ilirt"ercnt modes, and some di purposely in a rough manner. All were then f tcil ; some entirely in the finest white snnd, whi when the plants began to push, was of course changed for moiilil : others in a hlllc inoulil in bollom of the jiot, and then filled up %vith sand as to cover the wonnileil |>art ; oiul the rest a gether in iiiouUl. They were jilaccd under a hi glass, and sltitdeil from a powerful sun. In sii eight weeks they began to ]>ush, and arc all, lo pearance, doing eipially vyell, with the except of one of those done .so carefully after the dii lions oi'Mr K'»h.iit, which ilamjicd off. Scvi hIiowii me lasi spring, by l"ol. Nathami-.i. Fki.ton, of the shoots are at this time llircc inches It tic swells, aud compressed the soil and iimnuru an iiiielligenl fiirtiirr of this town, in small |iieces|and 1 hope to have them in bloom in the court ^I.VIII.— Nn. 13. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 139 It .-|iiiiig. So I am induced to believe that all modes j:ral'tiiig succeed alike. Is not this way of lojiiigating the orange trihc, which grows so iilily from seed, preferable to the tedious and ubiesome |)roces3 of inarching, so generally in 3 ill otir gardens. Here trees are not wanted finit, but only for ornament ; raised in this way from cuttings, which, if properly tnannged, shoot idily enough, they would form small, but very udsome trees. believe greenhouse plants, and perhaps all es and shrubs which root from the cutting, and ry few will not so root, can be successfully pro- bated from the bud in sand. Last spring I in- led in sand a bud of the Greville rose^ leaving ached to it the leaf and a portion of the wood large as the head of a dressing pin, and covered vith a bell glass, shading it four or five weekfe. the same time I planted in another pot of sand, nc cutting of the same rose. In seven weeks cutting began to push ; and in nine the bud. — the present time the largest shoot of the cutting )ut three inches, while that from the bud is more 1 twelve. [ii August I tried experiments with other i)lants. shoot of the Kerria Japonica, which strikes as sly as tlie willow, containing ten or twelve buds, s cut up so as to leave a line of the wood to h bud. These were buried in sand half an b deep, the leaf standing up erect out of the d :'- — the beautiful Calothamnus quadnjida, an h of the wood furnishing fifteen buds — Melaleu- n anata, and hypericifolia, were successfully jected to the same experiment, the leaves of last plant being opposite and closely attached :ie wood, two with their buds were necessarily irted together, and in such a manner as to half er them with the sand. None of the buds of Kerria Japonica failed, and but few of those of oilicrs. Trees grown from the bud in this y possess the maturity, and other valuable prop- es of the parent, together with the beauty of seedling. It is my intention to jn'osecute my eriments on those i)lants which strike with re difficulty as Cape Heaths, &c. In these ei- ments a pot was filled with the finest white I, previously washed, watered, and left to drain r or five hours. Holes were made with a gooso II, a pebble dropped into each, on which the I was made to rest ; the sand was pressed firm- own upon the bud, and afterwards a fiiw drops vater were permitted to fall upon each bud from lotige. The bell glass was forced down into sand so as effectually to exclude the air, and ^ raised every day or two to wipe off the nioist- I found that water given once a week kept sand sufficiently moist. JAMES'LEWIS. ''ork, Penn. JVov. 7, 1829. CULTURE OF CAMELLIAS. rjic following letter will be read with pleasure by the ;rous cultivators of this beautiful plant, in this city ell as in New York, where numerous complaints been made of the abortive flower buds of the Ca- a at this season. The letter was not written for lication, but we trust the writer will excuse the lib- we have taken in presenting it to our readers.] J. Ij. Rdssell, JEAR Sir — You ask my opinion of the causes the fall of the buds of the Camellia without ning. It is a most vexatious disappointment V a twelve months' care. It has occurred to onee and once only ; and to a friend to whom I e a double white, (worth, in my opinion, all others put together, however curious they may be,) I can only say, that in this limited experi- ence in two cases only, it was caused solely by the scaly insect. To professional gardeners, this in- sect is familiar; to general readers, not so. In the camellia, it attacks the flower bud in prefer- ence, and at its insertion, in the stalk. Three or four of them are fatal to any bud. It requires a close observation to discover them. It seems, to a careless observer, to form apart of the plant itself, and to be a mere light brown speck on its surface. A penknife will remove it from a single plant in a parlor, or the point of a lady's scissors, but it re- quires patience, and early care, before the calyx of the flower turns to a brown color. On a large scale, this remedy is inapplicable, and I can only say, that from European cultivators, I learn, that boiling water has been found to be destructive to tin: insect, while its temporary use was not injuri- ous to the living plant. Of course, great care should be adopted in applying such a remedy. — But while I state the only cause which has pro- duced the abortion and fall of my own flowers, in two .cases only, I think it proper to say, that other causes may conctir leilh the scaly insect, or even without it, to produce the total failure of the blos- soms of the Camellia. As it is, without question, the most beautiful parlor Jlower, putting forth its blossoms when they are most required, from No- \ ember to March, it would be proper to say, that it often suffers from too much water, and too lilllc. V/hen not in growth, or in flower, its waterings should be sjiaring. At no time should it have a Xia.n filled loilh tvater ; nothing could be more des- tructive to it. Pans are generally destructive of all plants, except aquatic ones ; and are only adopted by ladies, who dread the moisture upon their paint, or carpets. They are perfectly right in preferring the more inqiorlant object, but they cannot hope that plaiUs should flourish in a soil saturated with water. To return to the Camellia. It is better adapted to the ])arlor than any other plant, but it must be kept free from insects. 1 think it probable that soot, or sulphur, or lime, would, without the use of boiling water, produce ibis efliect ; but there are objections to their use, in a parlor, far surmounting any possible good ef- fects. In conclusion I may say, tha.t })arlor cultivation is difficult with all plants. The air is often too dry ; always unnatural ; and that it is better occa- sionally to buy new plants than to see old ones in a constant state of deterioration. I shall send you the precise facts in relation to my application of a European discovery of a ma- nure for orange trees. I shall do it without a theoretic feeling, for if any man living has a pro- found contempt for all theories, on religious, moral, or physical subjects, I may say "My friend, I con- cur with you." There is nothing certain in this world, which cannot be proved to be true by ex- perience and by facts. [Items for the New England Farmer, from a correspon- dent in Ohio.] Having been in the habit of cultivating prairie land for many years, I have found that the best method to insure a crop was to plant on the sod ; all kinds of grain and vines succeed well in this way. Potatoes do best when the sod is turned over in the fall and stirred in the spring. Black cherry will poison cattle. One of my neighbors lost two valuable cows by eating the trinmiings from one of these trees. Sweet potatoes should lay on a dry floor for a week or ten days before they are put up for seed. The best kind of seed is procured by cutting ofT the vines when they get to be about eighteen inches long, and planting them in hills. This will not in- jure the parent plant in the least. By the by, I have heard much said about the beautiful blossoms of the sweet potato. I should like to know what color they are, as I have been in the habit of cultivating them for thirty years, and have never yet seen a blossom. [The following communication from E. Patten, Esq. a highly respectable farmer in this neighbor- hood, presents a case truly discouraging, but such as, we hope, may lead to an inquiry into the causes of the disorder, and discover a cure. Blr Patten stated verbally to us, that the difficulty could not proceed, he thought, from the food or water given his cattle, as no unusual feed was attempted, and the water was from a brook, at which they and other cattle, not affected, were always watered.] — Ed. JVewburyport Herald. DISEASE IN CATTLE. Mr Allen^ — A very singular disorder has ap- peared among my stock of cattle, during the past simimer, some account of which, by your leave, may be the means of ascertaining its nature, and leading to a cure in cases like circumstanced. In June last, two cows, two oxen, and two hortes died, and last week, one horse and one o.x, in all, eight creatures. The first that died was, without any previous syitqitoms of disorder, found dead in her stall. The others lived between twelve and eighteen liours from the attack ; symptoms, heavi- ness about the eyes and loss of appetite without much apparent jiain until shortly before death, when the agony became extreme'. On opening the bodies, the intestines were found in a healthy state, the vital parts not disordered, and no appear- ance of disease, save in the spleen or melt, which was enlarged to twice its usual size, and looked mortified. All the ordinary means for curing cat- tle were uSed in these cases. A number of cattle belonging to difi^erent persons in this neighborhood have died, apparently from the same cause. Yours, &c. » ROBERT PATTEN. Jlmesbury, JVov. 28, 1829. From the Journal of Heallh. Change of Clothing. — By throwing oft' thick clothing too soon in the spring, and putting it on too late in autumn, we run the risk of having fe- vers in summer, and colds in winter. Exercise. — Throughout all nature, want of mo- tion indicates weakness, corruption, inanimation and death. Trend; in liis damp prison leaped about like a lion, in his fettei-s of seventy pounds weight, in order to preserve his health : and an il- lustiious ])bysiciau observes, " I know not which is most necessary to the support of the human frame, yoorf or motion. Were the exercise of the body attended to in a corresponding degree with that of the mind, men of great learning would be more healthy and vigorous ; of more general tal- ents; of ampler practical knowledge; more happy in their domestic lives ; more enterprising, and more attached to their duties as men. In fine, it may with much propriety be said, that the high- est refinement of the nund, without improvement of the body, can never present anything more than half a human being. 140 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 20, 1829, Furllier cilracii from rnocc's Trealuc tent, are, raised in this vicinity. To what iw jtrofitable object can the farmer devote his atti tion, than to increasing tho quantity, so iis to m the ilcmnnil for it ■ In most ,'ases, he will lii. home market, if his t'ruit is prime, and when does not, it will always be worth more than I cost of cultivation, to send down tho canal. L spring, a neighbor of ours sent a few harrc !■- apples down the canal, and each barrel sol.l enough to buy four barrels of cider, this full, though it takes three barrel* of apples to nii one of cider. Such are tho benefits of a clio •Winter oppI« «cl! ai n li'jjhcr pric*. riion in the kinds of fiuit for cultivation. The t varieties of fruit will always meet a ready !, and command a good price, however fuvora- the season may have been ; while ordinary litics must depend, for a sale, on the scarcity he market, or the lowness of the price at which y are offered. — Worceslcr Spi/. STONANDBRATTLEBORO' RAIL ROAD. The Committee for examining the route for a road between Brattleboro' and Boston, have n in this place the present week. They fol- ed the course of the Nashua and Miller's rivers he Connecticut, thence, thi'ough Northficld and nou to this place. Mr Solomon Willard and Henry Wilder are now making surveys of the te, and we understand that a report of their cecdings may be expected in December next, report will be laid before the Legislature of ssacliiisetts at its ensuing session, accompanied 1 bill for the incorporation of a company, to be tied " The Massachusetts Rail Road Associa- ." It is not contemplated that any assistance be asked from the State, as it is believed the ibility of the undertaking will insure the ready port of capitalists. Application will be made ng its preseiu session, to the Legislature of State, for leave to bring in a bill at the next ion, for the incorporation of a comjiany in this ;c, to be entitled " The Franklin Rail Road ociation." The Boston Committee feel full fidonce in the success of the undertaking, and doubt not that every facility possessed by the ;er.s of Vermont for aiding its execiuion, will ;heerfully and promptly tendered. — Brattleboro' wter. Vol. VIII.— No. 18. AISD HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 141 VERMONT LYCEUM, it a meeting of the members of the Legislature other citizens, held at Montpelier on Thursday ast week, it was resolved unanimously, that it oth desirable and practicable, that a Lyceum stablished in every town in the State ; and a mittee, consisting of three in each county, appointed to carry the resolution into effect. hid. SEA FLOWER. mong the curiosities exhibiting atone of. the V York museums, the Gazette of that city itions the living substance called the Sea wer, which changes its form and appearance stantly, but never exhibits the same figure ;e. " It inhabits, (says Dr Mitchell,) the Bay few York, and ranks deservedly among its ad- able varieties. Possessing neither bone, tendon, limb — the creature, nevertheless, enjoys the er of contracting and dilating itself, and of nging its form and attitude so as to afford a f interesting spectacle. It has been called the maljlower, the Sta Anemone, and by several 3r names." Dr Mitchell refers the interesting changeable thing to the family ofJldinia. iumford Premium. — The American Academy Arts and Sciences, in conformity to their vote Bpting the donation of Count Rumford, will, heir statute meeting in May next, take into sideration the discoveries and useful improve- rs which may come to their knowledge, which II have been " made and published by printing, u any way made known to the public in any ■t of the continent of America, or in any of the Wrican islands, during the two ])receensive, as the farinaceous part of the apple is very small. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1829. ECONOMY IN FEED FOR CATTLE AND SWINE. It has been recommended, in stowing away the husks of corn in the fall, to wet them with brine. Between every layer of husks, of about 6 inches in thickness, after it is well trodden down, apply a thorough sprinkling of brine, as strong as it can he made ; but take care not to use so much of the brine as to cause the husks to heat and become mouldy. The cattle, while eating such salted husks, will not need any other salt than what is contained in the fodder thus prepared. An English writer says, that swine will fatten much faster on warm, than on cold feed. "Corn and cold vvWer will make them healthy, but warm beverage is considered as requisite to a quick growth." Some English farmers, he says, " keep two or three little store pigs in the fatting stye. While the fatting hogs are taking their repast, the little ones wait behind them, and as soon as their betters are served, lick out the troughs. "Besides the advantage of having by this ex- pedient, no waste, nor foul troughs, there is an- other. The large pigs rise alertly to their work, lest the small ones should forestal them ; and fill themselves the fuller, knowing that they have it not again to go to. " The disadvantage of this practice is, I under- stand, the large ones are apt to lord it too much over the little ones, especially in a confined stye. If, however, they had a separate apartment as- signed them, with an entrance too small for the fatting swine to follow them,' this disadvantage would be in a great measure remedied." ROYAL NURSERY AT MUNICH. A writer for the Gardener's Magazine, in de- scribing the above named nursery, says, " We have at present 900 sorts of apples, 400 sorts of pears, 80 sorts of plums, 200 sorts of cherries, 90 sorts of vines, and 60 sorts of peaches and apricots, exclusive of other sorts of fruits, culti- vated here. "There is also a collection of fruit treesfn pots here, of more than 1500 different sorts, which was formed at the same time as the rest of the collection, and is yearly increasing ; it fricilitates the study of the sorts, and has the advantage of taking up little room." NORTH-EASTERN ASPECT FOR A NUR SERY. The same writer above quoted, observes that "The Royal Central Fruit Tree Nursery at Wey- henstephan, near Freysing, of which I am the di- rector, has a north-east aspect. T)ie soil is of lime .Tiid marl, njixcd with saiul, and tiie trees L-oarud there are so hardened l.y tlie opsrRtion of 142 NKW l.iNCn.AM) I AUAIER, Nov. 20, lS-2'.t. the air and cold weutliur, tliat tliey arc uiiublcd tu bear any other cliniale with greater (.■asl^." ~PR i SU: POTATOES. The Editor hus received from various quarters, sampler of potiitDes of jtccuHar excc'llencc, pre- sented by the cultivators of this vuluahle vcfietable. Some of these have already been uictitiouod with comments expressive of our appreciation of their good qualities. Others have not yet bifcii acknowl- edged, for want of time to select, cook, taste of, judiciously discriniiiuite between the ditTerent kinds ol' llavor with which difTcrcnt samples have regaled the palate, and the quantities <'f iiulriment which they should seem respectively to afford. It wore well if aconuuiltee of mm of taste could be chosen fiimnrle of perfection, and comes as near the double superlalivc of the Greeks as any eminent edible can ever arrive at, we have received from a gentleman cultivator in Essex County, who prohibits the mention of his name. These are the fourth yciir from seed, obtained from potato appli'S or balls, and we ilo not know whuthur lliry have been named, though it appears to us they merit a name above that of any ulh<'r variety of their species. They are ripe «urly in the ncason, Raid tu be jiroductivu, roimd. white, delicate, and as farinaceous, apparently, as wheat flour itself We are pleased to learn that Mr Rf8S£ti,'s seed store, No. 52, North Market- street, will soon be supplieil with 3U or 40 bushels of these fine roots for sulu, being the whole of the last year's crop, nnd the only potatoes of their kind in existence. MIDDLESEX COLNTV LYCEU.M. A meeting was held on the IGili inst. at Con- cord, Mass. consisting of about fifty gentlemen, most of whom were Delegates from different towns in Middlesex county, for the purpose of ta- king into consideration the expedii-ncy of forming a County Lyceum. The Rev. Dr Riplf.v was chosen Moderator, ond the Rev. Dr Walkek, Sec- retary. Mr JosiAH IIoLBROOK, wlio lias been a prime mover, and olTicieiit agent in most of the in- stitutions of that kind, which have been organized in this State, gave an able ami lucid explanation of the objects and uses of associations similar to that proposed, and several other gentlemen gave llieir sentiments relative to the system of supervi- sion and nuitiial instruction, which is tlie anticipa- teil result of the Society they wished to establish at that meeting. After pa.ssing a vote that it was expedient to form a County Lyceum, and transact- ing some other business, pr-.-runinary to this object, the Delegates moved in procession to Concord Meeting House, to attend to the i)iil)lic exercises, which were a part of the order of the day. After a prelude of excellent and well performed Music, the Rev. Dr Ripley addressed the Throne of Grace, with a fervent and apjiropriate prayer. This was followed by an address from the IIou. Mr Everett. This address, though prepared at a very shoi't notice, was everything which could have been anticipated from the talents, patriotism, and philanthropy of the speaker. It was one of the hap|)iest and highest efforts of a powerful mind which ever riveted the altetilion of an enchanted audience. Wc shall attempt no analysis, sketch, or abridgment of its contents ; but are happy to state that the Orator's consent to its publication has been obtained, and it will not require our eulogy to insure it a circulation as extensive, as its merits are tinnsceiident. After the public exercises, the Delegates par- took of an excellent dinner at the Middlesex Ho- tel. At the close of the repast, the Rev. Dr Rip- ley delivered an interesting and alTecting adilrcss, which concluded with a sentiment, expressive of the high estimation in which the talents and pub- lic services of tlic Hon. i\Ir Ei ebett were re- garded by the s|ieakcr, and by his constituents in general. This drew from Jlr Evekett a few ob- servations, which were such ns became the re- spondent nnd the occasion. A few sentiments, and a social glass closed the festive part of the proceedings. The Delegates, again assembled for business, adopted a constitution, and chose tlm follovcing Officers of the Middlisex Lycetf.i Hon. EDWARD EVERETT, Presidvnl. Hon. Samuel IIoAU.Jr. ) ... „ ., , lA A T> fr> } ' «f« Presidents. Dr A. B. TiioiipsoN ) Lemuel Siiattitk, Recording Secretary. Dr JosiAii Uahtlett, Corresponding Sec' y. Natha.n Hrooks, Esq. Treasurer. c I rators. Kcv. James Walker, Warren ("olhurn, Esq. Rev. D. S. South may d, Rcv.S. White, Dr Samuel S. Dana. URiGHTor« Market. Monday, .\'ov. 16 (Keponed for ihr ChronicI* and Palriot.) CalUe — 3322 at market. The market ihroiif out the day was exceedingly dull and lang' the drovers seemed half inclined to try the c ment of raising the price of Reef, but the harr would not take ; and in fact seemed <|uito iiulil rent whether the drovers acceded to their fo prices or not, and in consequence arraugeiiie were made to have many large lots packed on i count of the drovers. We arc not aivare tl prices of market Beef varied materially from last two or three weeks. Sheep. — 53"5 at market, and not more than c half sold. It would seem, that in the opiniuo the purchasers, the increased number of Sheep market offered a favorable opportunity to rtdi tlie prices to ilieir fornii'r low standard, but the voices of the drovers showed conclusively thai would not answer. We omit j)riccs. .Swin.:. — 1159 at market — we ought perhnpi add 5 or COO wliich came to market durini: past week, but as they were not at market t (lay, we have omitted them in our present niiml tliiite a number of sales were effecteeiu-s, but l V.ii. VIII.— No. 18. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. H3 isant, and will be a popular eating fruit vvitlipeo- generally — it is sought after by our market-men, is selling for six and seven dollars per bushel — a great and constant bearer, (it bears largely to ult) and being a native, and seedling of recent in, makes it valuable; also the tree being accli- d. It is not subject to so many accidents, as nia- f our delicate foreign trees. By having it grow ultivated ground, you may be sure of a_great the tree is vigorous, and makes good sized'and id wood ; the branches are long, and hang weep- like our common willow. It begins to be in eat- by the middle of November, and some years has inued till last of January. drawing of the above mentioned fruit has been n for the Horticultural Society. Specimens of the winter Warden, some of them weighing ty ounces ; a superior pear for baking, and to erve. rom S. G. Perkins, Esq. eight different varieties ears, sent without names, and not known by any present. A part of them very fine and hand- ; some medium, and others not in eating. Also, imens of handsome " Chaumontelles," very high >red, melting, juicy, and may rank with our fine rom Mr Young, (Boston) specimens of his fine baking pears, having weighed, some years, ty-nine ounces. As the tree is on the decline, ould be well for those members desirous of ob- ng scions of the above pear, to procure them, as i'ocNG has kindly offered to serve any that will No variety like this is known to us. omMrEEENEZER Crafts, specimens of the oleon pear, past their best time for eating, but ng, and full of pleasant juice. om Adams Foster, Esq. of Providence, a box pples, accompanied by the following note : — '. have forwarded to the Hall of the Horticultural ety, a bo.x containing specimens of three varie- )f the apples, which are e.xtensively cultivated in itate, under names different from those which I : they deserve. Their true name I wish to as- f they should not be recognised by the Society, onging to some well known varieties, I shall 1 thciu to be of Rhode Island origin. !'here cannot be any doubt, however, respecting ;ind marked No. 3. )uring the winter, I expect to forward specimens me new and valuable kinds, approaching .very if not equal to the Baldwin, which is my favo- pple. Your obedient servant, ovidence, JVov. 6. A. POSTER." om Mr Samuel Chandler of Lexington, a f fine Apples, with the following note : — send a sample of winter apples taken from a ing growing on the farm of Mr Fra.ncis Rich- ON in Chelmsford ; the tree has been in bearing ]'2 years, is about ten feet m height, has re- ably slender limbs, resembling somewhat the ng willow. The fruit upon the tree grows in clusters, resembling onions bunched. Mr Rich- ON has five or six young trees engrafted from riginal, which have just commenced bearing, one of which, he took this year, over a barrel lit. He was able to reach every apple upon the vith perfect ease, standing on the ground. He the trees will never attain a greater height iboutten feet. The fruit is in eating from No- r to May. Mr R. politely offers to send the ;ultural Society a sample of the fruit and some I next April. He is desirous they should give 0 for the apple. Respectfully, yours, &c. mnp;{on, Aou. 14. S. CHANDLER." tier fruits, &c. were presented by Mr Weld ixbury, (a seedling apple) — and Mr Erastus of Walpole. fin consequence of the advanced state of the b, it has been thought best to suspend the iy exhibitions of new fruits, &c. till next spring. owever, any new and valuable late varieties should be found, or come into eating late, the Com- mittee will thank the persons to send them to the Hall of the Society for examination. (U^J. S. Skinner, Esq. of Baltimore has politely ofiered to present to the library of the Society acom- plete set of the American Farmer, in ten volumes. (nrOr STOKER'S Fifth Lecture on Entomology, on the Instincts of Insects, exhibited in various ways, will take place at Tremont Hall, on Tuesday evening next, at 7 o'clock. Correction. — In the piece in Ihe last N. England Farmer; enlilled " Notes and Obsen-vtioiis on^ the Vine," al Ihe 130lh page, middle column, ISih line from Ihe top, after the word ** seeiits," tlie word not should he inserted. The passage will then read thus, " But iii this country, \\ here we are so seldom annoyed hy hail storms, a vertical wall with a coping, seems [not] indeed the most eligible; forduring," &o. But as the passage now runs, there is a manifest contradiction throughout that whole paragraph. To CoKRESPo.vDENTs. — E. W. A. next week, with some remarks; also, an article from Maine,'on Butter. We wish we could hear oftener from the '' .Middlesex Farmer," who has (his week enriched our columns Bland's Grape Vines, Rose Bushes, fyc. .50 Vines Bland's pale red Grapes. 30 do. Alexander, or Schuylkdl Muscadel do. 40 do. Isabella do. 30 varieties choice Roses, fine and large bushes. Fruit Trees, Slirubbery, Bulbs, lij-c. For sale at gardeii and nursery of S. Downer, Dorchester, by Rufus Howe. Also, treble, double and single distilled Rose Water, and double distilled Peacu Water, at wholesale and retail. A supply of the above is also constantly for sale at MrC. Wade's I'orteV Cellar, No. 12 Merchants Row. 2l Nov. 20. Hat Store. THE Subscriber oflers for sale al his store, 29 Washington street, a first rate assortment of Hats, comprising all qualities, I among which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends with confidence to the public, as beiug a superior article al the j Mso — Misses Black and Drab Beaver Bonnets, of ihe ! l„Hest London Fashion, elegantly trimmed. Nov. 20. lFI8 STEPHEN W.OLNEY. Edinburgh Review. The 93th number of the Edinburgh Review is just published by Wells & Lilly, and contains articles on the lollowing su!yec:s :— The Utilitarian System of Philosophy— Sadler on Ireland — The Drama — Malt and Beer Duties, Licensing Sys- tem— Military Education — Gothic Architecture — Signs of ihe Times — British Painters— Untied States of America — Quar- terly List of New Publications. Published quarterly, by Wells ifc Lilly, Court street, Boston, at go per annum. Nov. 20. To Fanners. To be let, and entered upon the first of April next, a small farm, five miles from Boston Market, under good improvement, having good and convenient buildings, and well fenced. Also, to be sold or exchanged for a farm in New England, or real es- tate in Boston, twelve hundred acres of good land in that part of the stale of Ohio called the Connecticut Reserve, in a town fast settling. Inquire al No. I Union-streel, or this office, if Nov. 13. Farm Wanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres of Land, %vith a good and convenient House, Barn, &c. situated within !:^0 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms offered, will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. eptf To Nurserymen. For sale at the New Nursery, Elm Hill, adjoining RuFus G. A.MORY, Esq'rs. farm, 7000 Pear Seedlings, and aOO four years old Stocks; iiOOO ."ipple Seedlings, and 100 two years old; 375 Cherry trees, half the number budded with good frull ; 2200 Young Peach Trees, half the number is budded with fruilof the best kind; Some of the soft and thin shell Almond ; 200 Black Walnuts and BuUernuls, one year old. Some White Mulberry Trees will be sold at a very low price, for cash. JOHN J. KENNEDY. Roxbury, Nov. 20, 1829. 2t Peaches, Sfc. on Plum Stocks suitable for JVbrthern Climates. WM. PRINCE has now in his Nurseries, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine and Almond trees, of a num- ber of the choicest kinds, inoculated on Pbmi Stocks, which il is well known renders them more hardy, and belter calculated to succeed in any cli- mate. He has also 20,000 Plum Trees, comprising nearly all the various kinds, inoculated on the Celebrated Plum Stock which has been so highly recommended by differenl wTiters. For norlhern climates these bear a decided advantage over those on Peach Stocks. Of Pear Trees he has a very large quantity, of thrifty growth and fair size. Orders left with the subscriber, or sent direct per mail, w-ill meet attention.— Any one sending a line to that effect will receive Ihe Catalogues im"- raedialelv per mail. J. B. RUSSELL, Agent. - Nov. 20. 2l Grape Vines. For sale at the Brighton Nursery, 5.500 Grape Vines, in prime order for transplanting, among which are, Isabella, 1000 Sweet Water, 800 White Chasselas, COO Black Hamburg, 600 Black Cape, 300 Also, Wyatt's Black cluster, white Muscat, St Peter's, Red Muscat, Black Frontignac, white do. Black Mus- cadine, white do. (genuine) white Hamburg, Flame colored Tokay, Black Muscat, Black Constantia, Early Oval, Golden Chasselas, Grizley Tokay, Lombardy, Hunewell's fine black, Blue Cartagon or Hopkins. Mil- ler's Burgundy, Bland's Virginia, Orwigsburg, Elsin- burg, Catawba, &c. at various prices, mostly 50 cents each. [nj"Orders for any of the above left with Mr Russell, at his Seed Store, "No. 52, North Market-street, will meet prompt attention, and the Vines will be delivered by him. Nov. 6. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FROM \ TO A PPLES, best. barrel. 1 75 2 25 ASHES, pot, first sort, - ton. 125 00130 00 " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, while, >ashcl. 1 00, I 25 BEEF, mess. barrel . 1 y 00 Cargo, No. 1, " i 7 50 Cargo, No. 2, " 1 6 50 BUTTER, inspected. No. 1, new. pound. 13 Ifl CHEESE, new milk. " 6| 8 Skimmed milk, - " 2, 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 6 00 6 25 " 6 00 6 12 Kye, best, . - . . " 3 75 4 00 GRAIN, Corn, . . . - bushel. 62| 63 Rye, " 65 68 Barley, - " 67 Oats, .... ** 36 33 HOG'S LARD, first soil, new. pound. 8 00 8 50 LIME. cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails al ton. 3 50 PORK, clear. barrel. 15 00 IG 00 Navy, mess, *' 12 00! 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, - - '■ 12 00 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Gra.ss, - bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - 3 OO Rye Grass, 4 00 Tall Meadow Oals Gra.ss, - " 3 00 Red Top .... •< 62 1 OO Lucerne, . . . - pound. 38 50 While Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (northern) , tt 8 French Sugar Beet, - " I 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - '* 38 40 Merino, full blood, unwashed. ** 20 25 ftlerino, three fourths w ashed. " 30 33 Merino, half blood, - " 28 30 Merino, quarter washed, " 25 2b Native, washed, . -• - " 25 26 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - " 35 36 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. « 26 27 Pulled, " spinning, first sort " 30 Si PROVISION MARKET CORRECTED EVERY WEEK FY MR HAS ( Clerk of FaneniUhail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fres*, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, ... - MUTTON, ... - POULTRY, - . - . BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according In quality,] psund. 8 " 6 doaen. bushel. 4 8 14 16 barrel. 37 1 30 13 1 00 70 144 NEW Ei\(;LAiM> FAlliMER. Nov. -20, Isiii' MISCELLANIES. PRESCRIPTION Af.AINSTnYSI'l.PSIA. AND IIVPOCUONDRIA. Ad honcit ami a tcmpcrale life — No dealings w itii the apolliccary, And from this muim never vary — On no account engage in Ktrifo } I(e moderate in your appetite, AmtHcmcnt take, and exercise, Avoid ihc cares thai life^supplies ; In country walks take much dcliglii. Little coDfincinGul, much cojoymcut,— And ctuitinual cmplrtynicnt. EXCERPTS. The wofid is a great Lciok, of wliicli they thai never stir fiotn homo read ouly a page. — .lufftts- iint. HtiniWe wedlock is bcttcr-than inoiiJ virginity. —Ibid. A fu' purse never lacits friends. — Scotch. Too much ilirtideucc, as well as loDr, be not dejected. — Socrates. lie is richest who is contented with least — for content is the wealth of a nation. No griof is so acute but lime amcliuratcs it. — Cicero. Rear and blame not what you cannot change. — I'libtiu.i .S}/r«s. Pardon others often ; thyself, never.: — lb. Dejicnd not on fortitnc, hut conduct, — Jh. Hope is a working-man's drcant. — Pliny. Despues de cumplido a(|uello rjue cl aj>etite pidc, cl mayor gusto (|iie pucde veiiir, es apart urso de donde Ic alcan/.;irou. — Don Qrtixote. From tlio Boston Ccntincl. AN EASTERN LANDLADY. " How long before dinner, niadatii ? " " When ye see it oti the table, I guess y« 'II know," was the rapid annwer. " True, very true," said » pas- senger, "wo (lid not think of tlint." "Guess yc 'd best bring thoughts ulong with yc;" ntid in a twink- ling darted towards the frying-pan in ibo kitchen. The shoulder-blade of lamb, and bacon and eggs, i were soon on the board, and we commenced de- \ predalioiis. " Have you any cider, madam, and how is it '- " said my fiieiid. '• Here 's cider, and ihcrc 's water — try which you like test, and you'll soon (itid out ' Aou> 'tis," sniil our attendant, with '■ an aspect tart enough to make good vinegar of the | iile iiitig. All this was of course very amusing,' and we felt in a humor to make further experi- ! ments. " The clock seems ralhcr slow, madam — ' a good half hour at least, behind our time." " The clock 's a good clock enough — none o' yer wood- en clocks — nearer right than any ofyour watches, ] I 'II warrant — we witid it every Monday." We found this rather isliarp shooting for us. Having been worsted evciy time, we were ilisposed to make peace ; and for this purpose, proposed regu- lating our watches by a clock which was wound , up so carefully ; but even this siibtnission did not ' prevent an e.\pression of countenance — a kind of i emphatic twist, as who should say, " Nobody cores ' about your watches." lly this time the blueberry ' pic was titiished, and the table nearly cleared by this active waiter, who disposed of the (ilates as ' rapidly as she rattled her tongue. '• Now, mailam, what '3 the damage ? " " Damage," said she, knit- j her brow, " what d'ye mean by damage ? •No datnage done here, as I know of." " We mean how much to pay for the dinner? " " There's the owner, ask him — why d' ye ask me ? " We merely thought you would ho able to tell the \mcc of a good dinner that you jirepare so often." " I gupss we don't tell all we know, and if we did, it would tiot be much neither." Resort was now had to the old host,' who sat fjtiietly smoking his pipe at the window, and the bill adjusted. By this time our worthy pattern of the laconic was seated in the rocking chair, knitting with all conceivable velo- city, when one of our number, by way of cxperi- nietit, had the temerity to ask her, if she had ever visited the Ifliite Hills. "White Hills — no — what should I go there for .' " " Perhaps to enjoy the. grand scenery," said lie. " Have you ever been tlicre ? " was soon retorted upon us. " Never — but going fast as possible." " Well how d' you know the scenery is grand? I guess you go by hearsay." This was too much for us; tli'e stage was "ready," and we made a precipitate retreat. VOX GRAPE WINE. The editor of the Lynchburg Virginion been furtiislied by I)r Owens with the follow receipt for tiiaking wine from the Atucritaii nicotic (fox) grape : — '• To every bushel of fox grapes, add twei two i|uarts of water ; mash the fruit, and pci it to_,^tand 24 hours ; then strain it through lit and to every gallon of juice, add two pound brown stigar ; fill the cask about ihree-fourtbs and let it stanil opeu for 11 days ; then clo.sc bung." The Slothful Farmer. — The Committee on Agri- culttiral Pro>lucts and Farms, of the llillsborotigh Agricultural Society, at their late Cattle Show, re- ported that — " Few are the instances in which their eyes have met with the farms of negligent, careless, or inlemporate husbandmen. They have occasionally, as if it were no more than for light and shade in t'nc picttire of our country, seen the farm of the slothful ; his grass land worn out — liis crops spitidlitig ujt in wcaknes.-t for want of nutri- ment— his fences prostrated — his lartn covered with bushes — the brake, the barngrass, the bunlock anil the thistle, flourishing finely utidcr his adtnitiis- tration, in every corner of his farm — the avt-nttcs to bis hotise, thronged with wood, chips, ancat», &c. made in the liest m by a person regul;irly educated at the busvnefs in K — price 50 cents pcrliotllc — also, Xomat" Ktlclnn pared by the same person, in diticrcut sized b<*ti prices iM, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. .Veir England Farmer's Mmanack for 183( Just pubhslied by Cartkr & Hc.vniir., corn School and W.isliington-strcelj, and by J. B. Hi No. :)-i. North .Mrirkct-slrfot. the .W ic Eu^'land I .ilmnnachfor )>r.O. Cy Thomas C. Fe-^emji of the New EnghndTarmef.y This .\hiian;ick. it is thoughttvitl be fnnnd If. b sidcrablv improved upon that <.i4|Alio precedin«; The .Astronomicnl calcuiatiin- 1 irr 1.. , n i,r, .. r, revised with great care bv tides particiilarly noted — . Courts for each state in "~ Probiite Courts of Massacliut<.LU - — a tabic of Roads and distances : .V seventeen pages of mi; fi time t»r :,ubieril>in|;, arc cmitleil to a deduction of fifty ci 0.1° No I'npor uill he scut in a distance without pnyn inp in.'ule Ml n»lvanre. I'nuicd for J. 11. KissKI.i . by I. 11. IUttk— I y all dciinptions of rhutiii^ can 1*0 cxei-i.teil to iiieei lite of cusioinera. Orders for printing received byj.lt. Ill at ll(o Ajriculiurnl Warehouse No. .^2 Nor(b Market Mr Fesse.ni)E?( — ! am uiidei- the necessity of i made these inquiries, and stated our difficulties in kiii^Unown to you, one among the peck of i churning at this time of tlie year, one has advised hlos t!iat I endure ; and of requesting your as- | to put in a little salt ; and so we have put in a ii.c. You must know that I am a great lover j little salt. Another said, put in a little vinegar ; .KMlbread and butter, and have thus far en- ' and so we tried a little vinegar. Another said, il, hy tlie ki[idness of a good Providence, and j turn iu warm water; and we tried that time and g(>o(l wife, a pretty good share of it. My wife again. But after all, we liave found nothing to al.ll, Sir, as I was going to say — this morning wil'', having got her cream prepared, set Bet- hurning ; who, with her usual diligence, lied herself to the business for some hours no apparent success; and although Betty a due share of perseverance, she, at this tine, E in to e.vhibit some signs of despair. My wife ») in to wonder why the butter did not come, now and then gave Betty a helping hanil. IS it went on till noon, when, after dinner, SJI ithati was sentenced for a while to the churn, i he, poor fellow, soon began to wish he was le barn floor, threshing oats. After an hour ■), Betty's spirits and strength revived, and re- ;d Jonathan from his irksome duty, and she li med the task, and made all spatter again for i time. But the butter did not come, and both Betty began to wonder again, and now tlicii to scold a little. At this critical turn of s. I could do no less than volunteer for a ! in ihe service myself, and so took hold of ;i. Tin; desiri; is not u iiuturul one. Tliu taste ol'tobnccu always uauscule^at tirst, and I am fully persuaded tliat boysi ninl young men would seldom lake to smoking if lliey did not soe it done by lliuse who arc murii older. Tliev are thus brought to think that thcri- is something smart and manly in it. I am glud ii> believe that tliii disgusting praetice is in a manner banished from gome of the walks of society, and those among the most resjiectahje, ami still more pleased to think that il has never been romitenaiiced, hut rather frowned upon, by the other se.\. It is a subject that deserves the eensure of the moralist, almost as nmch as an improper use of ardent spi- rits. They aie but too oft<>n found to go together. Whatever may be our boast of having in many things improved upon our aiieeslor.-, in this one thing of general smoking, we are most deplorably at fault. AN OLD FARMER. CHEESE MAK1N(;. The business of cheese making is conducted in this county on as extensive and liberal a scale as in any part of the United States, and the celebrity which the Berkshire Cheese has acijuircd in the New York tnarket, where most of it is sold, gives it the precedence over most other kinds, and sup- plies for it a ready demand. The soil in this coun- ty is well adapted to grazing, and cheese and but- ter are important articles of traffic and exportation. Cheshire supplied JelTerson with his mamtnoth Cheese, weighing upwards of a thousand weight, and more recently Adams has given to Jackson, the choice product of an extensive dairy. This town is largely engaged in manufacturing, yet there are many superior firms, and some of the bi!st dairies New England can boast. We are told that the number of cows exceeds licelve hundred, one individual keeping fifty-five, and a great num- ber from thirty to thirty-five each, of the best breed and most ])rodiictive kind. We have seen some of them when collected in the farmer's yards, present the appearance of a cattle show, rather than the common collection of milch cows at- tached to one farmer's premises, not only on ac- count of their numbers, but from their fine propor- tions and fatness. The quantity of cheese annu- ally made, we are informed, is about /our hundred thousand pounds, which yields not far from $24, 000. (Jreat (|uantities of butter arc also made, and mostly disposed of in the manufacturing vil- lages, and pork and beef cottle are not small items in the exportations of the county. — Berkshire .Imerican. From (he GardrM)er°s Magazine. ON TIIR NATURAL SUCCESSION OF FO- REST TREES IN NORTH AMERICA. Stu — In vol. iii. p. 3'>\, an extract is given from ICvelyn's letter to Sir John Aubrey, stating that beech trees grew in jdacc of oaks which had been cut down by his grandfather, and that birch suc- ci'cded beech which his brother had extirpated. In the United Slates the sjionlaiifous succession of timber, of a dilf-jrent kind liom that cut down, is well ktiown. In the Memoirs of the Philadelphia Society for promolinc; JIgricultare, vol. i., there aie fevoral papers on ibis subject, by the President, the late RichanI Pflers ; by Dr Mcase ; by Mr Joliti Adium, who had lung been a surveyor in the new settlements in I'etiiisylvania; by Dr Cahlwcll, in reference to the fact in North ('arolina, in Ma.s- tiuebiiscitii, and in New Jersrv ; and o confirma- tion of it in the last mcntioneil slate, by Mr Tho- mas F. Learning. In the third volume, Mr Isaac Wayne, son of the American general, the late A. \\iiyne, also gives some interesting detail? respect- ing the appearance of tiiidier trees, of a kind dif- ferent from those which formerly covered the ground in his vicinity, and which had been cut down by an American army, when eiica(n|>ed there in the autumn and winter of the year 1777, and spring of the following year. One of the above writers refers to the relation of Mr Ileanie (Journey to the .Vorlhem Ocean, ]). ■i5'2,) for the fact of strawberries growing up w ilil near Churchill river, and in the interior parts of the country, par- ticularly in such places as have been formerly sei on fire ; and for that of hips and raspberry bushes shooting up in great numbers, in burnt places, where nothing of the kind had ever been seen be- fore. Cartwright is also quoted in proof of the point. He observes that, " if through carelessness the old spruce woods arc burnt, or by lightning, Indian teo first comes up, currants follow, and after them birch." (Journal of Trans, at Labra- dor, vol. iii. p. 22.5.J Nine years after the publi- cation of this last work, M'Kenzie stated that, land covered wit hs|)rucc pine, and white birch, when laid waste by fire, [)roduccd nothing but pop- lars:"* and yet the Edinburgh reviewer of his work very indelicately declared his disbelief in the relation. Recently we have additional testimony on this subject. In the manual on the culture of silk, prepared in consequence of a resolution of the House of Representatives of the American Congress, and published in the session of 1828, it is stated, (p. 38,) that " in Tennessee, when a native forest is cut down, if tlie land be eiirlosed, a growth of red mulberry trees soon takes place." — All these statements do not admit a doubt to be entertained of the natural succession of forest tim- ber ; the fact is moreover familiar to every man who has lived in the country, and to almost every intelligent person in North America. I regret that the enterprising voyager did not live to shame the northern critic fbr his rudeness, and to enjoy the satisfaction of seeing his own testimony of a curious and interesting fact in natural history con- firmed by others. J. M. Philadelphia, May 1, 1829. Extracts from an article " On the jVecessity and Mvantage of intjuiring scientifically into the Practices and Results of Horlicidture. By Jo- sKi>H IIayward, Esq.," published in Loudon's Gardener^s Magazine, for August, 1829. " It is known, that when animal and vegetable substances are deprived of life, and left to nature, a spontaneous dec(miposition takes place, by what is called fermentation ; and it appears, that, dur- ing the process of the juitrcfactive fermentation, carbon is liberated in the greatest quantity, and reduced to a stulo that is best appro|)rialcd as food for plants ; and that at the same time, a inirt of the carbon, which is liberated by this process, unites to oxygen, and forms carbonic acid gas; anil a i)art also unites with hydrogen, ond forms carburctteil hydrogen gas; and when in this slate the carbon is dissipated and lost to the plants. — To prevent this loss, and, ok they say, at liie same lime to facilitate putrefaction, the chemists recom- nienil the addition of quirk lime to the fermenting mass ; but in this, I conceive, they are under a " ViiVBgc Irom Moulrral to Uic Fruten nnJ racilic Ucvaoi. mistake; for, the formation of carburetted h gen gas being un inevitable consequence of pi taction, any fubstance that will prevent such niation nmsl he considered as obstructing ilie' irifartive fermentation. Quicklime, added fermenting suhsiance, will iio doubt hasten its Solution, and at lihe same lime prevent the uiaiion of carbonic ocid gas, but such a decoo siiion cannot be syiionimous will) putrefactioi "' .\nd further, although (piickhme will hasten ilecomposilion of animal and vegetable malleri retain the carbon, it will, at the same lime (§f ^ other compounds, which are noi soluble in wgi and, therefore, although it |ireveots one loss, ii \ occasion another, and a greater. Uut, if l:r slaked before it be added lo liie fermeniiiiL' ler, it will equally facilitate in decompositic: firm other conq)Osilions that will beperfecll', ble. Yet, however powerful, as an agent in tation, lime may be ; and there can be no that when properly applied, and under ceitii cumstanccs, it is ca])ahle of producing the i. beneficial efl[ecl8 ; I believe it will be found || it is not the most efficient that is produced byf ^ nor that which acts with the greatest fac.! ; imparting to inert carbonaceous matter the principles of fertility. " With a view to discover this, and then means of preparing a substance that may I . solved in water, and ibus be capable of su; , jlants with the re(|uisite nourishment v awaiting the result of the usual |)roccss of ii„: ; (iecomposilion by the putrefactive fermentatioi of being under the necessity of stirring up earth, or, when in pots, of changing the soil, dius disturbing the roots. I made a great nug of experiments ; and the substance which I ft to be the most efficient in every respect, in in.; ing those principles to the soil, which are rn; to sustain plants in health and vigor, wa- serum, or watery part of blood, which sepi, from the clotted part, or crassamenlum, after been a few days taken from an animal. Tli stance, diluted with five or six times its qi of water, and applied, by pouring a gi quantity on the surface of the soil, to satu earth to the depth of the roots, enabled pi every description that we are in the habit tivating, when planted in a soil perfectly di of carbonaceous matter, lo attain the ut to which I had ever seen them grow in tl luxuriant soil ; and such plants were thus to fructify at a much earlier period, greater vigor, than by any other means or of food. The solid, or clotleil part of tli could not he made available, until reduced composition ; ond as the imtrefaclive fernn was unavoidably attended with obnoxious I at first reduced il by lime, but although t dered soluble, ond productive of fertility, not so much so as the serum. " The writer then gives the results of cl analysis of the scrum and crassamenlum and states that " The dirterence, then, ii substances appeai-s to be that cra.s.soinentui tains no alkaline sails, and the serum no and concludes that the "absence or p carbon determines the degree of fertility! soil ; but we olso discover the most efficii ciple or ogent for rendering available to! anil such as appears prepared for the pi nature which is alkali. The alkaline no doiibi, been occasionally noticed as VUI— No.l9. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 147 ive of fertiiitv, but .-.sllieirnnnrinles of action 'shelter live stock, the skreen should be open at bed, ami the operation is to be performed either the bottom. Otherwise it is injurious rather than before a fire or in the sun. bince 1 have adopted beneficial. The blast not only acquires additional this plan of treating,' my gunning boots, I have better not understood, or not properly de- I, their Utility has never been estabhshed. I never seen alkaline salts described as neces- or valuable ingredients in the food of plants ly chemical work. We know that alkaline are the production of vegetables, but as has observed, the result of actual experiment es that alkaline salts do not impart fertility to that are destitute of carbonaceous tnatter, and he recent experiments of Sir Humphry Davy, ipears that alkaline salts are not, as they were iously considered to be, elementary substances, compounds, formed of a metallic substance oxygen ; and that such metallic substance as an affinity for oxygen, that it caimot exist in larate state in contact with water. Any idea, , that alkaline salts are reduced to their ele- ts, and thus taken up by plants must not be rtained." From the American Farmer. SHELTERING FARM LANDS, he practice, almost every where prevailing in United States, of removing every tree from the nd, in clearing new land, shews that the im- ance of affording shelter to farms exposed to winds and biting blasts, is not sufficiently ap- iated. When interspersed with stripes or ses of plantation, not only are such lands ren- id more congeniid to the growth of grass and , and the health of pasturing animals, but the 1 climate is improved. The fact that the cli- may be thus improved, has, in many in- ces, been sufficiently established. It is, in 1, astonishing how much better cattle thrive in s, even but moderately sheltereil, than they do open, exposed country. In the breeding of le, a sheltered farm, or a sheltered corner in a I, is a thing much prized, as, by affording them current, but snow is liable to be blown through, and to be lodged in drifts on the leeward side, to the annoyance and danger of sheep that have repaired thither for shelter. From Ihe Taunlou Advocate. SWEET GREENING AND TALMAN SWEETING, THE SAME. Ma Editor — In the Advocate of the 30th of October, Doctor Thacher replies to my en(|uiry respecting the sweet greening, of the SSd of Oc- tober. He acknowledges a " trifling error in the descriiition. The apple docs not so nearly re- semble the Rhode Island greening as I had con- ceived, it is more like the Talman sweeting, though it far surpasses that apple in good qualities, abounding more in rich sirrupy juice." I have been well acquainted with the Talman sweeting the greater part of my life ; and there is nothing said by the Doctor, on the sweet greening and the Taltnan sweeting, either in the Orchardist, or in his letter above referred to, but what will ap- ply in every iota to the Talman sweeting. There is one fact respecting the Talman sweeting, which is not noticed by the Doctor, and which I think will explain the reason of this trifling mistake of the two varieties having crept into the Orchard- ist. The fruit requires some frosts before gath- ering to bring it to its greatest state of perfec- tion ; it then does in fact abound more in " a rich sirrupy juice." But if gathered early, as it often happens, it becomes a shrivelled, lough, hard apple. And let it be compared with some even from the same tree, after the frosts had brought them to perfection, and they would be pronounced two va- rieties of sweet apple. But on the contrary, let the supposed varieties, though one comes from " Kingston," in the county of Plymouth, and the other from Taunton, in the county of Bristol, be ction from the keen winds of spring and an n, they uniforndy feed with more freedom, and i """'■ '■""■ *""••■•"■•) ■■■ '■■■' .-«-..._, „. „..„.„., '■'..■' ' I gathered about the same time, and I challenge even the Massachusetts Horticultural Society to 1 better than if they were exposed. hie operation of skreen plantations, observes shall, is not merely that of giving .shelter to the lals lodging beneath them ; but, likewise, in king the uniform current of the wind — shat- the cutting blasts, and throwing thesn into! ; thus meliorating the air to some distance ill them. Living trees communicate a degree i-tual warmth to the air which envelopes them, r* sre there is is life, there is warmth, not only minial, but vegetable nature. The severest ; rarely affects the sap of trees. Hence it ap- that trees and shrubs, properly disposed in a i k situation, tend to improve the lands so situ- , in a threefold way, for the purposes of agri- ire ; namely, by giving shelter to stock ; by iking the currents of winds ; and by commu- ting a degree of warmth, or softness, to the air aimer weather. or ought it to be altogether kept out of view, the retaining, and judiciously arranging a ion of growing timber on a farm, confers a point out any, the most trifling difference. The " half dozen" sent for inspection, were compared with some Talman sweetings, of late gathering, and the best judges of fruit in this quarter could discover no difference, in size, color, form, lines, sirrupy juice, or flavor, but supposed them one and the same. VERITAS. Taunton, JVov. 7, 1829. FOR A WATER PROOF VARNISH. Mr Editor — I observe in the forty-eighth page of the first number of your excellent journal, a reci[)e to prevent hunting boots from taking in water, which may be, and doubtless is, a good one ; but from experience I give the preference to one much more simple in its component parts. It was recommended to me about two years since by Mr Gideon B. Smith, a gentleman to whom society is indebted for several discoveries of great value. — It simply consists of seneca oil and gum elastic; never had a wet foot, though I have repeatedly, during the past summer, been in the heavy marsh at Pott's spring, from early in the morning until five or six o'clock in the afternoon. Nor is this mixture alone serviceable to hunting boots ; it would be found equally so to all others, as it im- parts an elastic ]diaiicy to the leather, which, with- out the least exaggeration, would make one pair last as long as two which had not been so pre- liared. — Jliner. Turf Reg. DISEASE IN CATTLE. In our paper of last week, page 139, will be found an article, copied from the JVewburyport Herald, respecting a disease in cattle belonging to Robert Patten, Esq. Since the insertion of the ar- ticle, we have received a line from our respected friend and correspondent, the Editor of the .Vet/)- buryport Herald, stating that the deadly disease referred to, since last June, has carried off a large portion of Mr Patten's stock. " He is totally una- ble to find out the cause, or to prescribe a remedy. He wishes me to make known the fact to you, hoping that you, or some of the correspondents of the J^cw England Farmer, may be able to throw such light on the subject as may direct him in the application of some means to arrest so dire an evil." It appears that in June last, Mr Patten lost two cows, two oxen, and two horses, and this fall one horse and one ox, in all eight creatures. " Syinp- tomg, heaviness about the eyes, and loss of appe- tite without much apparent pain, until shortly be- fore death, when the agony became extreme. On opening the bodies, the intestines were found in a healthy state, the vital parts not disordered, and no appearance of disease, save in the spleen or melt, which was enlarged to twice its usual size, and looked mortified." We have looked in vain in several books of Farriery for a description of a disease with similar symptoms, and can give no advice in such a case. We should be grateful for any information on this subject from friends and correspondents, and hope that our friend of Mansfield, will favor us, and benefit the public with his thoughts relative to this formidable disorder. one ounce of the latter to be cut into thin shreds Iness, and picturesque beauty on the landscape. ! and dissolved in a pint of the former, and when ^ jhavc seen some lands, on which nothing was dissolved, which will be in a few days, the boots sht for but profit and shelter, where the great- are to be completely saturated or charged with beauty was produced by adopting this system 1 lere, however, trees for shade may be requi- for agricultural purposes, they should be suf- ntly open to admit a free circulation of air. this purpose, trees with lofty steins, and large I ds, pruned to single stems, are preferable. To the mixture. The manner in which I have pre- pared my boots is as follows : I take a piece of sponge, and rub the mixture in until the leather will absorb no more of it ; the boots are then laid by for a day or two, when the process is repeated. The soles as well as the uppers are to be thus rub- Brighton Market. — Monday, JVov. 23. (Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.) For the first time, we are obliged to omit making anything like a regular report of the Market. In consequence of the rain which continued until nearly 3 o'clock, the drovers betook themselves to the Tavern, the bar-room of which, by the way, on account of its contracted size, is not the most desirable ; so that any communication with that body was nearly i)rohibited. As no sales of con sequence were made until late in the afternoon, we were unable to gather any information in re- spect to prices. The following estimate of the number of Cat- tle, Sheep, and Swine, at market, was obtained from the calculations of the best judges — Cattle, 2500 ; Sheep, 4000 ; Sivine, 425. Mr Henry Skinner, Perquimans county, N. C. has a grape vine which this year produced 24 bushels of grapes, yielding 3 barrels of wine, be- sides supplying fruit enough for his own and his neighbors' tables. 148 NEW EIVGLAIND FARMER, Nov. 27, I «;;<*. From the V( I Gazelle. IDDLESEX SOCIETY OF HIJSIJ.VNDAIEN A.M) .M.VNUFACTUREKS. Tht Commiltte on farms, Rcronr — Tliu BuliHcribor:*, in the neceawary ami regretleil absence of tlie lit-v. geiitlciiinii willi wlioiii tliey nero joined in coinniilteu on Enriii-s, ti|)oii ilie two tirst doys of llie preseiil month, e.\uiniiied those of Mr Fra.vcis Richardson ol" Billcrirn, of Mr AfousTUs TuTTLi: of Coiicoiil, mill ol' Mr Na- thaniel S. 1Jk.\.\et of I''riiuiiii(,'liHm. Tliese be- ing tiio only pcraoiis claiming tiie Society's pre- miums. Tlic Committee, as opportunity lias occurred, have remiu-kfd the agricuhiire of the county. The " bonnie acre.*, and weel slocked farln^s" show the increasing attention to the leaiiiiig iiilcrest of our county. Mr Richardson's furm of lorty acres, lies ill that beautiful central village. His buildings, including a ."oap boiling and tallow chandlery works, are commodious. — The farm, a deep rocky loam, extending back from the road, where it lies narrow, between parallel lines, about half a mile to the river ; which is the only water upon the grounds. Until Mr Richardson punliaseil, this territory had been under the old agricultural U^t- imacy ; that is, a small part next the buildings had engrossed the patronage, and was nearly run tlown ; in the part adjoining, grass and brush were at a atrifc fo\- the mastery ; the remainder, a remote province, in a state of vigorous insurrection. The present proprietor extended a lane from the road to the river, dividing the farm into e .soil and immensely rocky ; and > lie commenced by ditching; and at first Mirl« put the stones into the best built balance wall, gravelled one lialf acn; : this he found very inu that the Committee remember to have ever seen, more expensive than the Ibllowing nieihud : lui These walls divide his fann into sixteen lots, of in September, he ploughs, (the cutter is found i which he has «=""""=*' thoroughly, trying it in a gi but ten feet about one-third up the swell. Pro- j ^""^'y "f "ays, aud yet they always fai f (luce of the farm, Indian corn over two hundred i R"»licr than interrupt so successful a course bushels; Potatoes two hundred bushels; market I '""''">"',''".^' »'"= ""»" sul'mitied. Hay thirty tons. I ^'^ Tuttle had money to pay for his piinli. One hun.lred dollars has been paid for labor "nJ ""' "'""'""ar 'l'I- For his barn he ha.s | this season ; Mr Bennett with the assistance of two I ^'S'" hundred dollars ; for a pasture in the com hoys has performed the remaining work. The ""'ee hundred ; for manure the three first \e Committee were assured that a field of about five I ^'x hundred dollars ; this last expense he cov - acres, which they noticed to have been extremely I by journies with his team. Yet notwilhstai. well ploughed grass land, had been turned by a | '''^sc and very many other disbursements, « : boy with one yoke. " I'''* obvious must have been made, a jiidicn MrTuttle's farm of one hundred and fifty acres, persevering course of hardy industry, has led l has the varieties of soil usually occurring; it had j """'"1 of results, which will very soon cover tl been worn down; the house sadly out of repair, I '■''l'*^"s»'s, without any aid liwii adventi^ barn worth nothing, stock reduced to three cows, I ^°"'''''-''' yoke of oxen and a horse ; there were three tons | '^'''^ f''>"'niiltee are of opinion, that Mr Ai- of English hay, and forty bushels of grain raised "'» '^'""'«' '^ Pnl'tl*-'! '" l''" Socieiy's tirsi pre in a season,; a"pple trees choked with wood, and '"" ' "'"' "'a' M"" N'"'">»";1 S. Bennett is ciiiii few in number ; and fi;nees down ; in a word, so '» their second premium. late as 182-J, and for the sum of $1750, Mrl ^rn -^ "*^?'p **', > Tuttle purchased that scono of Atoicru ruin. The I ABNt.R Wtlxi \aliiable |)roductinn our territory. In hardness, .solidity, capacity resistance and diirabilily, it excels the best wl oak. The teak wood of the East Indies, h.ns b much vaunted for ils excellence in ship buildi ihronghoiit of large sione well built. A piggery with a boiler set in brick ; walls new biiill, and other fences repaired. The old fields renovnted by the usual course of liu.sbanilry, and in .some in- hut the live oak is preferred, and it has been s stances, where grass lands have liccome bound, that these were the only two kinds of timbci and a change of crop not desired, soon after ta- < i)i,< worlil fit tor building shipti of Har. So gn o |Vnl. VIU.— No. 19. „ "77 T^wiTbecn the (li;maiilant, so that by taking prop- er pains, and by confining the operation to those spots, where they have been planted by nature, the danger of the destruction of this valuable tim- ber may be prevented. Still the forming of nur- series from the acorn is worth the experiment ; and although the period before the acorns will be come trees fit for use, must be great when com- pared with the duration of human life, yet it may be short in com)>arison with the age of a nation, Erigland is only now beginning to use those trees, which were planted seventy or eighty years ago. The tree, however, which has the benefit of an ancient and extended root, is of very rapid growth. The live oaks, preserved in Judge Brackenridgc's door yard, have, in five years, increased from the diameter of four inches to eight. If tho experiment at Deer Point should equal present expectations, the plan can be put in ope- ration on a more extruded scale, at different |)laces along the coast of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, and the several islands along their coasts, which are now generally well set with this valua- ble growth. According to the reports of the Com- missioners, who have been ern])loyed in examining and selecting live oak along our coast, there are several millions of live oak trees on the Sound of St Rosa and the Bay of Choctawatchie, and all so situated as to have the advantage of navigable water to our Navy Yard. If five million trees can be ])reBerved from trespassers and fires, they will soon become of incalculable benefit for naval pur- poses. Establish tnents may be made where our super- anuated and disabled seamen may be profitably employed in a light, healthy labor, at the same time that they are taken care of, instead of being turn- ed adrift in old age, or when no longer able to en- counter the hardships of the sea. PREMIUMS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN FARMS. The Plymouth Comity Agricultural Society held their Cattle Show and Fair, on Wednesday, 4th inst. Among the premiums awarded was one to Cupt. Seth Allen, of Halifax, for the best cultivated farm. The following descri|)tion of these improvements is given in the report of the Conmiittee. The farm of Capt. Allen contains about fifty acres ; the soil on a great part of which is thiu and consists of a light sandy loam, and when pur- chased by Capt. Allen, was considered as about worn out, it having been frequently planted with corn, followed by a crop of rye, and but a little manure of any kind used for a great immber of years. Capt. Allen, by manuring and skilful man- agement, has brought a great part of it into a good state of cultivation, and now obtains good crops of grain and hay. The remainder is low, swampy land, and when he came into possession of it, was covered with bushes, and considerablo part of the year with water. Capt. Allen has made great improvement on this part of his farm by cutting the hushes, digging out stumps and draining it. Three acres of which he has reclaim- ed am! rendered jtroductive of good English hay, by ])loughing, planting, &c. The whole of this farm is well fenced with cedar posts and rails, there being but few stone on it suitable for wall. The buildings, though not large, are convenient, and are so arranged that he has a ]dace for every- thing ; and the Committee can truly say that they found everything in its place. Although the Com- mittee are satisfied that his farm is not so produc- tive as many other farms in the county of the same size, yet taking into consideration the quality of the soil, the bad contlition which it was in when purchased by Capt. Allen, the great improve- ment he lias made, and the neatness and order of its whole appearance, they recommend to tho Trustees to award him the first premium of ticm- ty-Jive dollars. Last year an oil mill was found in one of the houses of Pompeii, very far superior to any now in use in Italy. It was formed of lava, and consisted of a concave and convex hemis))here fitting into each other, and having rotatory motions in oppo- site directions. By a neat mechanical contrivance, these two stones were prevented from cpproach- ing each other in the first instance so nearly as to break the stone, but merely to crush tho pulp of the olive, so that this fruit oil must have been of singular purity. When this has been pressed off; the convex stone could be lowered into the con- cave, and the whole fruit was broken up together. At Herciilaneiim,a short time since, the residence of a barber was discovered. The shop and its im- plements were in a wonderful state of jireserva- tion ; the seats on which the customers were seat- ed, the basins, the stove, and even many pins de- signed for the head dresses of the Roman ladies. — Foreign Journal. LOTTERIES. In the first number of the Daily Courier, a pa- per published at Portland, Maine, the Editor re- fused to publish a lottery ticket advertisement, 150 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 27, 1829. 6. Of Sicine. Their varielios — breeding, fatlt'iiing — dihtases and rtmedieg, &c 7. Of Rahbils. Proper situations for ralil t warrens — incaii;* of slocking tliem — rearing ai i feeding — tlicir diflereni breeds — dieeascs and r i nicdieH — netK and traps for catching — taming FtrnU for that purpose, &;c. 8. Of Pigeons. Their varieties — advantagi and disadvantages to the farmer — coiifiruction giving his reasons for so doing. They are the things which are most important to llieir welfare following : i ■""! support. It is, neverlliele.ss, to be regretted, Among the advertisements which were sent in ' that hitherto too little pains have been taken to for this (lav's paper, there were some fur the sale i aflbrd useful information to the husbamlman, of Lottery Tickets. .Xs an apology fur their omis- 1 Much of his spare tim« has been wasted in utter eion it seems necessary for me to expre.ss ray idleness, orspent in the perusal of books calculated views on the subj'-ct of Lotteries. I am opposed to hurt rather than to improve the mind ; and in to the system in toto. I think lotteries taken in ' consulting silly Almanacks which keep alive old the aggregate exert an extensive and injurious in- prejudices and idle superstitions. It is hoped fluencc upon the community. My nbjuct is to that this present work will in a great measure | dovecots — rearing, management, and prcsenatii^ conduct this pa|)or in a manner that sli.ill render it rcmeily this evil. It would be a waste of time to of the Ktock — laws respecting, &c mo8l useful to the public. I have thought it bet- ^ reckon up the advantages of knowledge over ig- | 9. Of Poultry. Dilfcrent species and varieti ter, therefore, on a full consideration of the sub- 1 norance and prejudice. of each — rearing and feeding — inanagrmenl ject, to sacrifice the jiay, that would be receiveil i The first divi.sion of the scries will contain a (their produce — eggs, quills, &:c. — diseases and i for such advertisements, to the public- good. Not history of the treatment and management of such j medics, &c that I can claim to be more philanthropic than animals as are useful to man ; to this will be added 10. 0( Bees. General management — discot other men' for I believe that in managing a pa- , an account of those animals which are injurious and prevention — most profitable means of extra' per, a steady and judicious effort to promote the ' to him. In treating of the domestic animals, it ' ing their honey, &c. good of society, is tho surest way to promote f/iJ/ will become necessary, in order to show how they II. Of Fish. Construction of Ponds — ir oiim. Therefore, even on selfish principles, I should may be best preserved in a healthy and useful thods of stocking and preserving — species m take the same ground. But I wish not to injure 'state, to dwell upon their history, structure, food, eligible for fish ponds, &ic. the feelings of any class of men, or individual, j habits, and diseases; and on these jmints the , «Thc animal', birds, and insects that arc i whatever. There are many venders of lottery j treatises will be full and minute ; the '"for'nation , ^^Ij'j.,^. j^iij^Pii, ,^''j,^^ farmer, such as the f' tickets in this town, whom I respect, and I know j will bo conveyed in a plain, familiar manner, not j j.^jp^^j jj^l Mouse Kite-^Turnlp flv B &,c. — Diseases and Remedies, &c. culiiire in nil its brnnclips, with the princiiiles on { 4. Of Sheep. Br"i'iiing and rearing — vario- which they depend, and the branches of general ties as best fitted for particular soils and pasnircs knowledge with which they are connected. Per- i — Shee|i shearing — qualities of Wool — improvo- HiiiiH who live in the country and aio employed in ment of Breeds — fattening — Diseases and reme- hoxbundry, have, during the long winter evenings, <|ies. Sir.. and when till! weather prevents iho carrying on .'i. Of Coals. Breeding and general manage- out-door work, much lime which might be em- ii.ent— soils and situations fitted for this kind of JifiVrcnt countries, and in dilV.ront districts ol ployed in acquiring knoAvlcdgc respccling those .stock— Diseases and remedies, &;c. [garao country — I'omieBan— Gloucester— (.hei Of road-making — bridge-building — can embankments — draining — enclosing, &c, 3. Of plantations — coppices — rearing and c ting of copse-wood — felling of timber-trees, &. 4. Of Machinery, and other implements, gi as threshing-mills — fanncs — ploughs, iScc, i the most approved modes of their construction 5. Of the effect of different soils and clinr on animals and vegetables. 6. Of the different kinds of manure and c« '■ posts. 7. Of the rotation of cro]»s, as practised in various districts of ihe Island, and on difler kinds of land. 8. Of broadcast and drill-husbandry, witi ' comparison of the advantages of each. 9. Of Harvesting and i>reser\ing of grain other farm produce. 10. Of turnip, carrot, cabbage, and pot hu.sbandry. 11. Of flax-growing, and the subsequent n ' ipulations. 12. Of spade-hu.sbanilry and gardenin::- orchnrds and their management. 13. Of dairy-farming — cow-keeping and zing. H. Of meadows ond hay-crops — irrigatio paring — burning, &c. 15. Of natural and artificial grasses — \ various species and comparative values. 16. Of sheep-farming. 17. Of llop-planting — picking and ger|«T management. III. Domestic Hconomy. Of Dairy. Chemical analysis of milk, 1. best means of increasing its quantity and qua! 2- Of iiiiHrr. Its manufacture — the diffe «^ qualities, and prices which are made on the i farm. 3. Of Chffse-makinp. Various kinds ina(|' [)unlop, and other cheeses ; witli instructions making each sort. Of goat-milk and goat-cheese. or brewing ale, beer, mead, &c. Of baking, and confectionary. Of wine-making and the jireservation of Of tlic manufacture of cider and perry. Of curing and preserving bacon — beef — tton, atid other animal food. uch is a general outline of the Series; of ch the First part (being the Horse, No. 1,) was ished the 1st of October. Sy'We shall enrich the columns of the New j|and Farmer by the publication of the whole, le substance of the above Agricultural tracts, ompanied, when necessary, with such remarks ircumstances may require, to adapt them to e of things in the United States, and continue lu, as fast as received from Europe. It will [lily be seen that they will prove of incalculable efit to the agricultural interest. Vol. VIII.— No. 19- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 151 U'Tlie 22d No. of Loudon's Gardener's Mag le, for October, 1829, has been received at the rary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. s usual, well filled with communications on ious horticultural subjects. Itcontains reviews he Transactions of the London Horticultural iety ; of various works on agriculture, garden botany, rural architecture, &c. ; aTid of a let to tlic President of the London Horticultural iety, on the Management of its Garden and ids; and thirty-two neat engravings of English ntry scats, gardens, plans for rural buildings, s plants, &c. It is decidedly the ablest work the kind, now published in Europe. Healing Poivers of the Livcrnvort. A. P., o young man between 25 ami 30 years of age, has been apparently in consumpUon for Iwo years, or more. In Ihe wiiiier of 1827-8, he was confined lo his room wrlh every symploin of confirmed consumption ; pulse 110 to ihe nii- :; hectic fever, incessant cough, v/nh expecloralion of mat- which in Marcli amounted lo full a pint a day, night sweats, debilitv, and great emaciation. Afiei- liaving tried Ihe usual means to nnefii-cl, the Liverwort was resorted to. It was first taken in decoction without any apparent benefit ; a concentrated syrup was then taken, and lo the aslonishment of all his friends, he raipdly recovered, so far as to be able to attend to business, and the summer follow- ing woiked a small gaiden, and has continued mending gradu- ally in health and flesh lo this date. JVcio Lebanon, JljiriliG, 1829. N. U. The above account is taken from the case book of Ihe Physician to the Society of Shakers in New Lebanon, and may be relied on as correct. The above named Syrup is for sale by Ebenezer Wight, Druggist, -ifi Milk-street, opposite Federal-street, Boston. Bland's Grape Vines, Rose Bushes, S(c. iO Vines island's pale red Grapes. 31) do. Alexander, or Schuylkdl Muscadel do. •to do. Isabella do. 5U varieties choice Roses, fine and large bushes. Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, Uullis, 4'C. For sale at garden and nursery of S. Downer, Dorchester, by Hufus llowe. Also, treble, double and single distilled Rose Water, and double distilled Peach Water, at wholesale and retail. A supply of the above is also constantly for sale at MrC. Wade's Porter Cellar, No. 12 Merchants Row. 2t Nov. 20. Hat Store. THE Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washington street, a first rale assortment of Hals, comprising all qualities, among which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends wi4h confidence to the public, as being a superior article at the price. Also — Misses Black and Drab Reaver Bonnets, of the Hi. tF18 'STEPHEN W.OLNEY. To Farmers. To be let, and entered upon the first of April next, a small farm, five miles from Bostoa Market, under good improvement, having good and convenient buildings, and well fenced. Also, to he sold or exchanged for a farm in New England, or real es- tate in Boston, twelve Inmdred acres of good land in that part of the state of Ohio called the Connecticut Reserve, in a lowii fast settling. liKluire at No. 1 Union-strcel, or this office, tf Nov. 13. Farm Wanterf. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing .50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good and convenient House, Barn, &c situated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to *' R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms offered, will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. eptf Che last No. of Loudon's Gardener's Maga- 3, in noticing some agricultural Addresses, sent n this country, says, it is gratifying to mark the ead of agricultural science and industrious pur- s in the United States. In speaking of three dresses delivered before the Agricultural Socie- of South Carolina, by Messrs Heniy, Seabrook, 1 Townsend, the Editor says, "they are written h very considerable ability and knowledge of suliject ; and we speak with the utmost im- tiality, when we say, that during the rage for iculttiral societies which existed in England re years ago, no one address appeared, not 'I those of Sir John Sinclair or Arthur Young, at to be compared with them, either for extensive wkdge of the subject, or sound general views on icuUural legislation.''' Peaches, $fc. on Plum Stocks suitable for JYorthern Climates. WM. PRINCEhasnow inhis Nurseries, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine and Almond trees, of a num- ber of Ihe choicest kinds, inoculated on Plum Slocks, which it is well known renders Ihem more hardy, and belter calculated to succeed in any cli- has also 20,000 Plum Trees, comprising nearly all kinds, inoculated on Ihe Celebrated Plum Slock which has been so highly recommended by difTerent writers. For northern climates these bear a decided advantage over those on Peach Stocks. Of Pear Trees he has a very large quantity, of thrifty growth and fair size. Orders left with the subscriber, or sent direct per mail, will meet attention.— Anv one sending a line to thai efTect will receive the Catalogues im"- medialely per mail. J. B. RUSSELL, AsrejU. Nov. 20. 2t BUCK GR.\PE. A. bundle of cuttings of the Buck Grajie has n received from Dr J.Smyth Rogers of Hart- d, which will be at the service of the members the Horticultural Society on the day of the [t stated meeting, being the first Saturday in cember. (CrDr STOKER'S sixth Lecture on Entomology, itinuation of remarks on the Instincts of Insects, as ticularly shown in forming their habitations and pro- ing their food, will take place at Tremont Hall on esday evening next, at 7 o'clock. ' Massachusetts Horticultural Society. stated meetiugof the Massachusetts Horticultural Society be holden at their Hall on the first Saturday of December ^l, at 10 o'clock, A. M. By order of the President. a . .,..„•'• '^'•-iELOW, Corresponding Sec'y. lostoi. Nor. 20, 1829. * ■' To JVurserymen. For sale at the New Nursery, Elm Hill, adjoining RuFUS G. Amorv, Esq'rs. farm, 7000 Pear Seedlings, and 500 /our years old Slocks; 8000 Appla Seedlings, and 100 two years old> 375 Cherry trees, half the number budded with good fruil ; 2200 Young Peach Trees, half the number is budded wiih fruil of the best kind; Some of the soft and thin shell Almond ; 200 Black Walnuts and Butternuts, one year old. Some While Blulberry Trees for cash. Roxbury, Nov. 20, 1829. II be sold at a very low price JOHN J. KENNEDY, PRICES OF COUjVTRY PRODUCE. Grape Vines. For sale at the Brighton Nursery, 5500 Grape Vines, in prime order for transplanting, among which are, Isabella, 1000 Sweet Water, j800 White Chasselas, 600 Black Hamburg, COO Black Cape, 300 Also, Wyatt's Black cluster, white Muscat. St Peter's, Red Muscat, Black Frontignac, white do. Black Mus- cadine, white do. (genuine) wliite Hamburg, Flame colored Tokay, Black Muscat, Black Constanfia, Early Oval, Golden Chasselas, Grizley Tokay, Lombardy. Hunewell's fine black. Blue Cartagon or Plopkins, Mil- ler's Burgundy, Bland's Virginia, Orwigsburg, Elsin- burg, Catawba, &c. at various prices, mostly 50 cents each. in-orders for any of the above left with Mr Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52, North Market-street, will meet prompt attention, and the Vines will be delivered by him. Nov. G. Tomato Mustard and Ketchup. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market street, Tomato Mustard, an excellent article for beef steaks, roast meats, &c. made in the best manner by a person regularly educated at the business in Europe — price 50 cents per bottle — also, Tomato Ketchup, pre- pared by the same person, in different sized bottles — prices 50, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. 10. , FROM 1 TO APPLES, best, ... jarrel. 1 75l 2 25 ASHES, pot, fir.sJ sort, . . - < Pearl, firsl sort, - - - ton. 125 00 130 00 " 125 00 130 00 BEANS, white, - - - .bushel. 1 00 1 25 BEEF, mess. larrcl. 9 00 Cargo, No. 1, " 7 50 Cargo, No. 2, " 6 50 BUTTER, inspected. No. l,ncw. pound. 13 16 CHEESE, new milk, - b 8 Skimmed milk. 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-slreet, - barrel. G 00 6 25 Genesee. - " 6 00 6 12 Rve.Tjest, - . . . " 3 75 4 00 GRAIN, Corn, .... jiushel. 62 63 Rvc, " ir, 78 Barley, - . " 67 Oats, .... '* 40 45 HOG'S LARD, firsl son, new. pound. 8 00 8 SO LIME, cask. m 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 PORK, clear. barrel. 15 00 16 CO Navy, mess, " 12 00 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, '• 12 0(1 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, . bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, <•' 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - " 3 00 Rye Grass, . - " 4 00 Tall Meadow Oals Grass, . " 3 00 Red Top .... '< G2 1 00 Lucerne, .... pound. Sir .50 While Honeysuckle Clover, a ■.a 50 Red Clover, (norihein) i< 7 8 French Sugar Beet, . " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . it 38 40 Merino, full blood, unwashed, 20 25 Menno, three fourths washed, t' 30 33 Merino, half blood, u 28 30 Merino, quarter washed, ti 25 26 Native, washed, ... it 25 26 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - it 35 3G Pulled, I^amb's, second sort. 't 2G ?7 Pulled, " spinning, firsl sort " SO 32 PROYISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BY MR HAYWARD (Clerk of Fawuil-hall Markel.) BEEF, best pieces, PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, .... MUTTON, POULTRY, - BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS, .pound J^ew England Farmer's Almanac. Fesse«i,e.n'3 New EngUnd Farmer's Almanac for ^ *"^^''' l!,^;,'i;;;^l1',':;; sale by the subscriber, by wholesale or retail. Portland, Nov. 13. 3t SAMUEL COLMAN Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] 18 1 00 70 152 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 27 li>-2V. MISCELLANIES. FARMERS. They mw ih«ir ficlilt, aodlrers ihey plant, Whose yenrl.v fruil suppliM iheir waiil ; Their race grows up Irom fruilful slock?, Their wealth increases wilh iheir flncks— Watts. If tlicrc is any time when we are inclined to in- dulge in feelin^;s of envy, it is when wo get loose from our conlineil, inuetive and Beil'.-ntary labors, after ten or twelve hours application, and sally forth to observe what is passing aronnd us. It is then that we compare the healthy looks of the Farmer with our own weak and nioiliid feelings ; in autumn, follow him to the field, and sec the fruits of his industry ripening before us, and ob- serve the look of good nature and liappine-ss shi- ning through every feature as he ga/es upon the growth of that wliieh his hand has planted, or in winter take a place he^^idc his family hearth where the voice of health, and joy, and plenty, responds to the cracking of the hospitable ti>' it is then that a dizzy sickness comes over our whole frame, and we arc almost led to believe that the good things of this life are not equally distributed. A Farmer's life is indecea get your bones broken, tumble under cari> i horses, and be locked up in watch houses, b Drunkard ; and it will be strange if you do siid'eiul. Ifyon wish all your prospects in life to be do ed, be a Drunkard; and they will soon he d enough. If you would destroy your body, be a Dru ard ; as drunkenness is the mother of disense. If you mean to ruin your soul, be a Drunka that you may be exrhided from heaven. Finally, if you are determined to be iiiti-rlv stroyed, in estate, body, and soul, be a Drun':ia» G. Ft!.SK.iu»..>, . . of the New England Funiier. This .Almanack, it is tlioiiglit. will bo found to be i siderubly improved upon tli:it of the preceding v The .Astronomical calcti!ati(ins have been jirepare^ revised with great e.irc by a gi-ntleir.aii of this city— tides particularly noted — n complete Cajendar of Courts for each stale in New England, incluilinj Probate Courts of Mas.snchusottK — tJie Sun's decln — a table of lloads and distances from lloslon. <.\ < BOventct-n pages of miscellaiieous articles, priiicii-' upon .Agriculture and Gardening. X^fountry tr.iders and olliem supplied upon the s liberal terms, liy tlie thousand, groce. or dozen. Sept. IH. I'uhlislird every Friday. «| S^X'tT anDum. pnrnMr a emi of the year— hui Ihnso who pay vtitliin -iAtv dim fr..D lime of siibMriliing. ore entiilcd to ii dednrlioD of fitl'v c. im Ij" No paper uill be sent to a distance wilhoul pi-jinei tug m.»de in advance. Printed lor J. 11. Ri sstLL, by I. R. RuTTS— by » all desf nptions of I'riniinf; eao be rirciiicd to ineei the wi of cuitomers. Onlersfor prinlinf^ received by J. R. Ri'ssi •I Ike Agriculiural Warehouta No. AS Norib Market Si FOR THK NEW ENGLAND FARMER. . together ; wliich,! think, must have been observed, and tliat seeding heavily, and manuring largely, I and planting far a])art, potatoes did not do as well, — I which has been attributed to their not shading the CULTURE OF POTATOES. i ground to retain moisture. I have observed also, la Fesse.vdf.x— I have been a constant reader j that in places where manure was plentifully used your valuable paper for many years, and oc- in the hills and it became quite dry bordering on ioually have thought 1 could add a little from a drought, that on digging the potatoes the man- stock of observjitions that would be useful; urc was found dry and" mouldy, and in some in- 'tlidence has hitherto prevented my contribu- 1, stances changed to a hard cake ; in others I have s ; a diffidence growing out of conscious want ' (ouud it moist, and little roots in it ; such, j)crhaps, 1 tiiorough knowledge of the subjects which :is came from the neighboring hills ; and seldom e claimed my attention. But when I consider | ever any large ones, or potatoes imbedded in the r readers somewhat like the classes in a moni-j manure. It is apparent to everyone of much re- M PuUished by Jobn B. Russell, at jV». 52 JYorth Market Hired, (at the Jlgricullural Warehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1829. No. 20. AGRICUL,TURE. al school, and that I may consider myself as a, iiitor to some of the lower classes, I am induced /vrite a lesson, which you will use your discre- whether to present to the school or not. Juch has been said on the culture of Potatoes, flection, that manure must be dissolved and pre- paroil by dilution before plants can take it uj) as food for their growth ; when it is spread, we nBver find it in digging the potatoes ; it has been (.'issolvcd and taken up by the plants, or transfused ir quality, manner of rearing new varieties, fcc'int" t'le earth. I have found in all cases that my no one has recommended what I conceive to. potatoes planted on manure, or in manure, or un- the best method of planting and manuring! der it, in hills less in number, and less in size, and m ; my method has been for some years thefol-jof a poorer quality than those planted as above ing, after trying most of the plans of preparing described, where the manure was spread I have i and planting, treated of in the New England ;?, and deciding upon this as the best. I ;ad all my manure on the ground after once igUing it, then cross plough lightly to cover the lure, then furrow it three feet apart. In these ows I place whole potatoes of full growth, n IS to 20 inches apart, and cover them from to 2 inches deep, regardless of there being 's both ways. These furrows I draw horizon- on side hills, where the land is subject c„ ugbt, that they may catch and hold the occasion- howers, till the water is absorbed by the earth, when I hill potatoes, as it is called, I continue hill the whole length of the row, in order to e advantage of the rains ; if furrowed in an posite manner the water runs off, and much is to the crop. On wet laud, where water is li- e to stand to the damage of the crop, I row up 1 down the hill or declivity, to facilitate the ining. [ ani convinced that spreading the manure dou- 5 the advantage of it ; that is, one-half of the mliiy, and of the same quality Will produce as ch benefit as double the quantity put into the s with the seed, as is the usual method. i would not proceed to give any reason for this, [ thought my method would be tried, but from obstinate adherence of some of my acquaint- es to their old customs, who woukl regard my nions on some subjects, but cannot think of any irovemeut in planting or manuring potatoes be discovered by the present generation ; ich would imply that their fathers had not all jwledge on the simple subject of planting and nuring potatoes. [ have observed the roots on which potatoes w, spread from two to four feet in every dircc- 1 from the top or main stalk, consequently drew «i|triment from the soil of a surface from 4 to 8 t diameter, and in the old way of planting, the its may be traced from hill to hill, or the advan- trie(l the experiment in the same field, with the same kind of seed, and the same quantity of ma- nme, and seen the parallel as near as I could. Wl ether potatoes layiug so near, or in contact wii 1 ths manure, gives them a strong taste, I leave for the higher clas.ses of the school to decide. Moisture is necessary to dilute and prepare ma- nure for food to plants, which, if put into the ground in shovels full, often dries uj), and resists ._ic moisture through t'.ie summer, and is wasted by evaporation, &c. I am therefore particular, when 1 spread mine, to cover it as soon as I can, to prevent evaporation. I have compelled two exiierienced farmers, who learned of their fathers, and had planted potatoes before 1 was born, and are considered good farm- ers, to spread the manure on lands they took of me, as one of the conditions of the lease ; both of whom reluctantly agreed to this condition, and both were convinced after trial, that spreading the manure saved much labor in planting, and made larger and better cro])s. These two farmers now preach and practice my doctrine, on planting pota- toes, and as local preachers, have got some pro- selytes. Respectfully, yours, &c. II. L. S. JVov. 28, 1829. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. NATIVE GRAPES, &c. Mr Fessenden — We have the pleasure to in- form the Members of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, that by the arrival of the packet ship Boston, Capt. Mackay, the President has re- ceived from our patriotic and venerable Honorary associate, James Maury, Esq. late Consul of the United States, residing at Liverpool, England, a package of flower seeds, composing many valuablip varieties, which will be distributed at the stated meeting of the Society, on Saturday, the 5th instant. A letter has also been received from John An- te of manure would be still smaller than it has] ldm, Esq. Proprietor of the Vineyard near Georga- n. And this, I think, accounts for potatoes town, D. C, advising that he had forwarded to the (wing better when they were planted nearer! President of the Society, specimens of his Tokay, Champaign, Catawba, Adlum's Madeira, the latter from the Bland's grape, and another, which he denominates " Domestic Wine," made from the Schu;ilki!l Mitscadii*, and other grapes. Some specimens of the Golden Sioux Corn. A few Cral) Apples, indigenous — "none of which," he remarks, " I ever .saw growing north of this neigh- borhood. The trccsarenot so large as the common wild crab, and arc very great bearers." Also, a few Apples of the second, and third crop, from the same tree.. " These apples are not sent you as be- ing of any value, but merely to shew one of the unaccountable sports of nature." Also, " two Treatises on the Cultivation of the Vineyard, and making wine, with a jjamphlet to each ; oae for ' the President, the other for the Library of the So- ciety." Maj. Adhtm further remarks, that, "this haa been the worst year for ripening fruit since 1816. My Bland's Madeira grapes did not rijien this sea- son, and are now hanging on the vines unripe, thougli we had no frost until the 12th inst. (No- vember,) and more than three-fourths of our peaches rotted, and dried on the trees, about the time they had their full growth. Even threo- fonrths of the Hickory nuts are void of kernels this year, although they otherwise appear to have come to maturity." The writer has been favored with a comraiiDi- cation from Mr Robert Carr, the proprietor of Bartram's Garden, near Philadelphia. Mr Carb is one of our most intelligent, liberal and patriotic cultivators. He says, " the Orwigsburg is not a native gra-i.' ; .'. is p''obably a seedling from the Green Yehow Provoiico, (which I have now sent you.) I had the latter from Zerbst, in Prussia. It is an excellent, and early white table grape, branches long, berries round, and is hardy here, and an excellent bearer. I do not think that the Bland's grape will ripen well north of Philadelphia; it did not ripen here this year, better than our foreign vines. It is a hybrid grape, raised by Mr Mazzei, in Virginia, prevjous to the revolutionary war. Colonel Blanu of Virginia, brought the cuttings to IMr William Bartram, during, or soon after the Revolution, (we have the roots yet growing.) I was attending the Court as a juror, when your plants were put up, or I would have sent you some cuttings of the true Bland's. You shall have tliem by some other opportunity, as I have many large vines. " The Hausteretto is the very best red graf.e that I know yet, it is better than the Blaek Ham- burg." From the information derived from these com- munications, it would seem that our climate is better suited to the culture and maturity of the grajjc, than those of the vicinity of Washington and Philadelphia, or else that the variety known here, and supposed to be the "Bland's," is not the same variety cultivated under that denomina- tion there. We are not inclined, however, to the latter opinion, for we think the description given by the southern cultivators of this fruit, compares so well with that produced by Mr Seaver of "Alexander's, Spring Mill Conslanlia, Cape of Good Hope. This grape is known by these several synonymcs. 154 ^EW I:N GLAND FARMKR, t»ec. 4, IS'^'i. Roxliury, an to leave lillle or no room to iloiilit llic gciiuiii'-iiusii of lliat vuiiiriy as tlie lilaiurs grajiu. But wliutlier it uvHiiiiially |>rovur( llial wi; aro right or wrong, in consicluriiig it tlic Ulunil'.", it will not diiiiinisli iiiir CMtiniato of its value ; as " a rose by any otiiirr name would nini-ll as >wi'ei," so tliis grape, lie its nuuieuclaiure what it ni.iy, will con- tinue to l>c classeii ainoug the most valued of any of our native varieties of tliut fruit. We have seen, the presi-nt season, two other varielies of grapes, sent from a southern nursery for the Bland's, one of which wns as white und trans|)ari;nt as the Clnusselas ; the oth'T a pale red ; the Ibruier so entirely unpjilatable as to create a surprise in our minds that nature couhl, in her first process, have infused so much acidity into go small a compass. The other hore .some resem- blance to what we hclicve to he the geiruine Bland's grape, hut could not be identified as such, although it was not essentially objectionable in its taste. Dorchester. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. JUDGE niJEL'S ADDRESS, Jit the First .'hiniversari/ Meelitig of the Albany Hirlicitllural Society, September 1, 1829. Ge.ntleme.n — No person having hccn appoint- ed to address you on this, the first Anniversary of our Society, I beg leave to offer a iVw remarks upon the objects of our association, and the claims it has to the countenance and support of the citi- zens of Albany and its vicinity. The object of the society is, the advancement of an art upon which depends many of the com- forts and enjoyments of civilized life ; an art, which contributes much to gratify the alimentary wants, and to interest, elevate, and rcfme the in- tellectual faculties of man. I will not say, that the state of horticulture in a community, forms a just criterion of the mental and moral condition of iu population ; but I think it does of thoir Kociul and household enjoyments. It is an art that is never cultivated in savage life, and never nclect- ed by a civilized and polished people. It has ever flourished in the most enlightened ages ; and at- tained to the highest perfection among nations of the greatest refmemenr. It rose, iti ancient Komc, to the rank of the One arts. It sunk, under her Vandal conquerors, to a menial employment. It now stLStains an elevated rank in the best portions of Europe. In Germany, the Netherlands, Fiance, and Great Britain, in particular, its pursuits and its improvements, engage the attention, and em- ploy the capital, of men of the first wealth and talents ; ami even nobles and princes become competitors for the prizes which it awards to me- rit.* Nor have the labors of the learned ami af- fluiiit of Europe, been without benefit oven to our horticulture. The soil of our city already grows esteemed varieties of fruits and culinary vegetables, which owe their origin to the labors of Knight, Van Mons, and other foreigners of horlicultinal acience ; while our grounds abound in useful and ornamental e.xolics, ccdiected, in the first instance, by the societies of Europe, from the remotest quarters of the globe. Tine new varieties of the pear, of fine quality, recently produced in tlio Netherlands alone, prin cipally by gentlemen of fortune or of literary pur- suit!!', exceed two huiiilred, nod comprise u succea- sion of choice table fruit for the entire year. Great Britain has also done nmch to swell the catalogue of fruits by ne»v and esteemed varietie.", produced by artificial means. Some idea may be formed of the |iomidogical features of Germany, when I state, oil the authority of l.oudon, that the public road from Sirasburgli to Munich, a distance of two Imndred and fifty miles, is an avenue of fruit tr'jes, unbroken except by towns and villages. The taste fi>r rural improvement is not restricted, in Europe, to fruits and euliiiary vegetables ; but " most towns of any si/.e on the continent," says a late tourist, " boast of their promenades anil public gardens." I will quote what he says of Frankfort, as an illustration. " This town is sur- rounded, except on one side, where the river Maine runs, with a pleasure ground at least two miles in length, commenced in 1809, and occupy- ing the breadth of the former ditch and ramparts, and affording n great variety of shady walks and picturesque scenery. One particular feature of this pleasure ground is, that it is not confined to b. fore he had thought superior of ilinr kind, ^lay| been thrown into the back ground by st^augel^ a greater merit. This society cinima the patronage of our citi zens from various cuiiiiideratioiis. The owiii-nt ^ gardeiiH will acquire by its labors, not only ne^ seeds and plains, and the knowledge of iiiiprotei'^ nicihodsuf ciillivaiioii, but will be eiiublt-d to sc 't the best, and to reject all of inferior qmilii] le The London Ilorticulliirul garden wan iitrjt IS 18. In 1826, it contuined, as appvars by il catalogue printed in that year, more llinii twi I? hiiiidrvd cniimeraled varieties of the apple, 700 c the pear, 220 of the peach, 300 of the plum, 7f of the nectarine, .'50 of the apricot, Sec; in ■■' more than 4000 varirties, collected from < i country and people. I'liese numerous fruits I not been introduced with a \iew to the perrn culture of them all, but to enable the >e benefiiei tbemuins, &c., together with most of the showy loth on the score of economy utid of health, b annuals, as asters, balsams, &c., and even gerani-j ( very measure which tends to improve the etites, that appeal to our understandings c this occasion — considerations which etVeci tl health of our families, and tl>» moral condition • society. From whence comes the fruit which supplii our summer markets .- .'Much of it from a di.-tani of thirty, sixty, anil one hundred and fifty mils and a portion from rennsylvaniH, Virginia, and tl Carolinas. It is notorious that it must be gnthert in an unripe state, to bear transportation ihc: distances, and that its delcter'iuus qualities :i: ailgiiR'iitcil by being stowed in a mass in the li' and confined air of the boat in which it is broiigi to market. It is then often exposed in the fril shops till it lins attained a state of partial pnin faction. That which is brought a distance i wagons is in little belter condition. IIow scldoi lo wc find a good eating, ripe apple, pencil, \ productions, a more general taste fiir its interest- ' plum, or melon, among the wagon loails whic • In May, 1H2^, at an exhibition hold ut Vienna, pliinte wero aont from Iho Einpernr'n garden Schoonbrun. Tito Brut proTiiiuni wan nwirdnd to tho nrrh-duko Anthony, ths second to tho Oant<"(« Zicliiii I'Vrrnris, tho third lo tho baroo Weldan, the fiiur.'h tn|iriii<;o Mottarnich, <&c. — Soo Loudun't Uardcner't Mitiiuii'", .lugusl, I82t). iiig piirsnils. Similar socii-ties have been fi>uiid highly nsefiil in Europe, and in our own country and state. It is by comparison alono that we are onabled to judge of the relative value of friiitv, I Mowers, and other products of the garden. \l- tboiigh this society, has been but n few months in existence, I believe thtrre is no gentleman who has attended its exhibitions, but will admit, ihiilat lhc.se, new and valuable varieties have been first Jirescnled to bis notice; ond that many which aro hawked through our streets in suiiiuk as an amateur would be proud to treat a frien ' with ? Ought it to surprise us that dysenteri>'«. ft vers and deaths are so cuminon in our • liazartl the opinion, that the diseatics |" the summer will be found to be confiin pally to families who buy unrijio fruits .n vogelnbli's ; while those who feed on th. ; of their own garden.«, are but seldom or | afflicted. Soijtid ripo fruits, of improved varietM*'" Vol. VIH— N...20 AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 155 iiiiuiisliiDg and lieultliy, anil seem iiilniiiably i|)te(l to the palate, as well as to the digestive at the particular seasons at whirh they pei-tively ripen among us. But if prematurely hered, or suffere "r ° 1 „i i„,i would fmd very niaiiv advantages inany cases, the goat-yard might be so joined to .„ England, but would •"'d vcrj n .^^ ^^^^^^ ^c^^ | ^^^^ ^^^^^^^'^^ ^^^^^ ^J^^^^ ^^.g,^^ ^„,^„ ^^^^^-^ ...vhibited at the llri.Mol llort.cul.u.al :^c.et, (,» on the roof, and this roof might he trellised and ] 022,) which meaMired 2 inchcb across, and covered with a rapid growing creeper beiween the , looking over the article Provincial riocieties, so in keeping a little herd, yet we do not meet it from the Tees to the Thames ; not a cotta; ittagcr in Li3 cmi.loy who would not have reason to be thankful to Heaven for a cleanly, d.i.ile nnmial, that would supply him with milk, iIk' finest in na- ture, at morn, at eve, and in the summer, at noon- day'; that would bring him two, ami sometimes three, young ones yearly ; reiiuiring less at his hands than can well be conceived ; and yet we sec him consorting with dirt, and laboring in slops, to fatten a filthy and voracious animal, of quintuple the cost, for any return from which, he must waii Jong and risk a less, which, if he escape, only com- pels him and his family to feed a great portion of the year on a salty unsaliitiferous diet, and entails on his oftspring a scorbutic constiliitimi ; wc see a day laborer starving a family to fatten an animal, which, in the end, perhaps, helps to fatten no one but the doctor, and losing sight, altogether, of an- other, which would feci his children daily with wholesome food, and gtt fat itself on what a pig toaslea. " May I hope that some of that bright galaxy, who arc an.xious to see every cotta;.'er in Britain keeping his own cow, ami arc ready to every good work, may kindly step forward in favor of the low- est grade of our English cottars, and enable those who cannot keep a milch cow, to keep at least it milch goat. It is undeniable that i!!ga','einc this kind among the poor, restrain many from habits, whose leisure would lead them thereto ; who, instead of being the poachers of the next generation, or the snnntoring lipplciu of tbo vd- lage, may become industrious breeders and owners ol"tlie lialc herds browsing on the common, or feeding on the village green, and in its grassy lanes." We would Hlronglv recommend this subject to the attention of married gardeners, who might oat with the iirunings of trees, clippings of trellis and the -slates or tiles, in such a way as to other large ones will be found noticed — CoiiJ. siiKplv the goat with a good deal of food, without .■~7^, ^ ^r i " I ' y . r. ," , ., „•.., ci,,„,„„r Domettic Sitk. — Some very successful expi nerm It ng him to cat through the mam shoots ol . • m ■ . i i ■ • I. ' " „ n- . .1 • -. 11 ,„iv l.o .,» ' mcnts have been made in Rhode Island during the creeper. To effect this, it would on!) lie ne- » '"^ ^ ' > ,1,. „n,i..- „ iiast season, in rearing silk-worniB. A Cominii cessarv to train each main shoot exactly under n , i , . , T. , i . . .i r ,, ^ ,. i> f^i 1 . lu ..„ il.ni in „„,„„ on this subject submitteil a long report at the C ire s raller. Hr Clarke tells us, that in some , i, • ■ ■■ - i. . . .i i '"-" , , .1 . 1 „,„... t e Show and lair, he d in i awluxet on the 1 nans of Sweden, sheep are pastured on the tops ' , ■ , , ■ . , . r |i.iiiHui o>T..u»-. , , ' • .1 . •.,..„,;„„ Nov., in which they estimate the amount oft of the houses; pasturing a goam »'';'_^ «""■««'" goods imported into the United States during «ould be no d.liicult matter in this country. g^^^ ^_^^_^1^^ nearly $14,000,000 in value, of whi The Cultivation of Maizt is likely to become 1 ll'ey presume, not more than $3,000,000 w .reneral in France. At the sitting of the Academy , exported, leaving $11,000,000 for our own r of Sciences in Paris, on the 31st iilt., it was pro- . sumption. They think there is no serious ob nosed to give a prize of 1.500 francs value to the cle to the growing of silk in this countiy to auihorof the best essay on the cultivation of In- extent which may be required ; and in iUustra dian corn in the four departments surrounding Pa- of this position, they quote the cxainp e of M< ris with a view to render this grain useful for fieW, Conn, which, though not well adapted to the nourishment of the human species. Hitherto | ricultural pursuits, "realizes an income of e2..,( it has been grown chiefly in the south of France, I [P" annum] from the manufacture of sdk, ch, as food for cattle an.l fowls. It is a singular fact, ; =^ewing silk, riie labor performed, too, is ah. thatfowls fed exclusively upon this food, hare a j en'i'-ely performed by females. Lit. Gat., ApriU 1, 1829. | ^^^^ ^^^ IndepenJem Courier. [JIai«.] BEES. Mr EniTOR — Noticing with pleasure an yellow appearance.- Superior Saluhrily of high and drij Situations. — ! In the French t^JiinuoiVc, or Almanack, for 1829, | „;3 „f various statements respecting population are giv'en : ._^ ^ .^ ^^ ^,,^ j_,„_ „p^,il Among 835,6.58deaths in 1826, lo8 had reached] j^ •• J i i- or exceeded their hundredth year ; and what is re- i markable, and shows the superior salubrity of high and dry countries, by fur the greatest proportion of these centenarians was in the two departments of the Upper aiid Lower Pyrenees. — Scotsman, March, 1829. From Ihe Gardener's Magazine. WILMOT'S SIPERB STRAWBERRY. Sir — I have had several strawberries from two licd"«s, and other articles" that a pig would not 1 or three plants of Wilmot's Superb, of great size eat •''but wc woiilil not i-, if lliey arc of hard woorl, they should be cut %vlnii the sap is down, or the leaf off the tree. This being mostly in the winter season, is most convenient to our hushandincn. Jt is considered as very essential by European writers, as well as some of our own country, that trees should be cut as near the ground as possible, as a men-is of throwing back the sinkers more towards the roots. This prur- tice is dicinlcd also by economy, as saving the best part of the wood and timber. Jn the publications of the Scotch Agricultural Board, by Sir John Sinclair, it is observed " that of the trees, which being cut down send forth no shoots, are the beech, aiid the whole family of the pines." They are considered in Europe " as limited to one gen- eration." There is a mode here, however, as to the latti'r tree, wiiii'h has the effect of producing a succession. After cutting off a pine lot, the plough is intiofliiced, a crop of rye is oliiained beneficially, anil the seeds of the pine, which were on the surface, being thus buried in the soil, a new and rapid growth is produced. This is aiiled if one or two middle sized seed bearing trees arc left on an niTC. " As to the important principle, at what ago, or how ofieii it is best to cut ort'our wood, We should, on the whole, be (lis|iMsed lo name a (leriod be- tween -10 or 50 years, as most favorable for what arc termed liarl i'»- porl.inrc lo M.n«sa9 at 3J; 34 supposed about 3 cts, and a few etail at 4 a 5 cts; a lot of about 100 from Jsac, N. Y. attracted considerable notice, said e the handsomest shoals ever diiven to this cet ; tlfey were not sold. Early Potatoes. the subscril.pr offers Ibr sale, .il SI .51' per h»sl>el, ab.,iil 30 liushels III Ins hilt' Kai'lv pnlaloes, which havo breii [jioiiouiici'd l)> in.iiiv nMik."! gardeners, and olhers, die i-arliesl liroughl inio llie"l!..si,in m^ikt-l. They are die same ihal were cxliihil- ed ai die Hall oMhe Massa< hiisi-us Horiic.diurol Sorieiy on die lldi oljuly.lhoush ihey hadlhcn been in eadlig, and ol Kond size tor several days. They were raised from the ball (bill years sini-e, by Jlr sioi.oHuN Perkins of Bridgewaier. They ran likcuisc be had at Mr Russkll's Seed Store, No. ii. Niirlh Market Sireel, Bo- tin, at die same priee. (•ambriJgrport, Dec. 4, 18-jy. 3l SAMUEL I'OND. Massachusells Horticultural Society. A staled nieeUng of llie Massachusells Hortirultural Socielj vill hr holdi'u al Iheir Hall on the firsl Saturday ol December exl, al lUo'ehick, A. M. l!y order of ihe President. J. liJGELOVV, Correspmding Sec'y. Bosim, Nov. ?n. l8--'9 jVeiu England Farmer. The subscriber wishes lo purchase a complete scl oflheNew EHgland Fanner, either bound or unbouni a superior quality. EBENEZER WIGHT. nl3 4t Milk-street, (opposite Federal-street.) For Sale, A Bull of the Improved Durham Short Horned Breed He is two years old, and in every respect a fine animal. For particulars, inquire of J. B. Russell, at the New England Farmer Office. * 3t Oct. 30. Wliite Mulberry Seed. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, No. 52, North Market-street, 20 lbs!' White Mulberry Seed, raised at Coventry' Conn, this season, and saved e.vpressly for us. War- ranted of the very first quality. Sept. 4. PRICES OF COU.VTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, first sort, P<:art, firsl sorl, - BEANS, while, BEEF. iTiess, Caroo, No. 1, Cul-o, No. 2, HUTTEK, inspected. No. 1, i CHEESE, new Sk ■d milk. FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Rv Bailey, - - Onls, HOG'S LAKD, firsl sorl, new, LIME. PLAISTEIl PAI'.IS iclailsal PORK, clear, Navv, mws. barrel. Ion. .bushel. barrel. pound. barrel. bushel and Ca I go ROM I To I 75' 2 25 ?.') 00 130 CO 125 00 130 00 1 00 1 25 9 00 7 50 I 6 50 13 IS 6 8 3 6 12 6 00 3 87 63 78 A packet of valuable communications from Judge BuEL of Al- ■ Sheltering Farm Lanils," nn th8"Uultum "f PolaljPs," 'ences, '— one from Yoik, Fo. on the " Culture of Pimls," desciiptionof Uio Dix tear, will appearnext week 'l' rrDr STOKER'S sixth, and last Lecture on En- logyi "" the Insects which are advavitageous to us, •uchasare inconvenient or dest;,uctive, will take at Tremont Hall, on Tuesday evenino- next at 7 .II I ck. =1 Grape Vines. For sale at the Brighton Nursery, 5500 Grape Vines, in prime order for transplanting, among which are, Isabella, 1000 Sweet Water, i,800 Whhe Chasselas, 600 Black Hamburg, GOO BUck Cape, 300 Also. Wyatt's Black cluster, white Muscat, St Peter's, Red Muscat, Black Frontignac, white do. Black Mus- cadine, white do. (genuine) white Hamburg, Flame colored Tokay, BUck Muscat, Black Constantia, Early Oval, Golden Chasselas, Grizley Tokay, Lombardy, Hunewell's fine black, Blue Cartagon or Hopkins, Mil- ler's Burgundy, Bland's Virginia, Orwigsburg, Elsin- burg, Ca.awba, &c. at various prices, mostly 50 cents each. [p'Orders for any of the above left with Mr Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52, North Market-street, will meet prompt attention, and the Vines will be delivered by him. Nov. 6. jiound 5 87 5 87 3 6t 15 00 12 00 12 00 Hat Store. IE Subscriber offers for sale al his store, 29 Washing-ton a first rale assortment of Hats, comprising all qnaliues, ; which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends •nfidence to the public, as being a superior article al die Also— Misses Black and Urab Beaver Bonneus, of the 1 LoiiJoa Fashion, elegantly trimmed. '. IFIS STEPHEN W. OLNEY. Tomato Mustard and Ketchup. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Marke' street. Tomato Mustard, an excellent article for beef steaks, roast meats, &c- made in the best manner by a person regularly educated at the bus'ness in Europe -price .50 cenls per bottle— also. Tomato Ketcluip, pre- pared by the same person, in different sized bottles — prices 50, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. 10. SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orch.ird Grass, Fowl iMf-adow, - Rye Grass, Tall iMeadow Oats Gro.ss, - Red Top - - - . Lurernc, - . . - While Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Bed, - WOOL, Merino, lull blood, washed, - Merino, lull blood, unwashed, Meiiiio, ilirce fourths washed, Merino, half blood. Merino, quarlcr washed. Native, washed, - Pulled' Lamb's, firsl sort, - Pulied, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, •' spinning, firsl sor PIIOVISION MARKET. CORHF'CTt-'.D EVEEV WEEK BV UR HAV ((.ce.-k of Fancuil-hail Mar/eel.) BEEF, besi pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces whole hncs, VEAL. - -" ■ MUTTON, POULTRY. - BUTTER, keg and tub, ' Lumft. best. EGGS, - MEAL, Uyi S SO 90 3 50 16 00 12 50 12 50 2 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 3 00 1 00 m 50 8 1 50 40 lll'li; el ail. POTATOS. CIDER, [according In quality,] pound. fi 6 " 6 " 2 ti 2 i( 5 'i 12 t' 15 clozeii 16 bushc). 37 barrel. 1 60 10 7 5 1^2 160 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 4, Ife^P. MISCELLANIES. Krom llip l>!,.l I.M.M.) SazcHc. PlNl-TLAI.lTY. ' Little can l»e accoiii|iliriliC(I without system. No man i-;in act systeiiiaticallv, without being putictu- al. Much preciuus time is lost in consci|Ucnce of not cherishing thii virtue. Suppose a man of con- siilernliU- enterprise lays out his work for a certain day. The evening before, 1 The New Bedford Mercury, Bpeule exercises have commenccare not s.iy, " physician heal thyself." 64A, ct;, 63J, 63, 62.i, I'-i, 62, 00, 56J, 52, and] Ti.cso hints clearly show the importance of 5o"i''S — .V. Y. Eve. Post. ' . puncniality. There is, however, another view of . . - ! this subject, by which the same .sentiment is still Ertranrdinaiy Growth. — We saw last week : more forcibly urged. I agree with Mr .A. to meet three «'ozen onions, in three bunches, that were 1 him at his counting room, tomorrow morning at 8 grown on o.ir Alms-house fi.;'m, under the care of' o'clock to receive a large sum, I have promised to Mr Kilhurn, this season. Tl.^y weighed tieenty eight and a r/unrler pounds. The largest bunch •veig'iea'/cn poxinds and n iiunrler. "Give me an .T'nco of civet, good apothecary." — Lancaster, (Mass.) Gazette.. Swans. — In the early part of lust week, a flock of four of these elegant birds, so seldom seen in our section of tlio country, ali';hted in iho iirll. ■jjond of Mr William Lippeui^otl, Chester, lUuliiig- toii county. Mr Lippcncoit olisr^vod tliciu, took his gun, shot among Ihem, killcil n male that mea- suri'i. from the tip of its wings eight feet four in;die;<, and wounded a female in the wing, so that lii! took liur alive, niid still retains her in his jios- scssiun. — Camden Record. pay .Mr B. before 9, at which time he is to set out for the city of New York. I am punctual, but Mr A. delays until after the stage arrives, and Mr B. must take his scat in it, or lose his pas^agf. In consequence of Mr A.'s conduct I have broken my promise ; and Mr B. has gone to purchase t^-oods without money. My character suffers, Mr B. is vexed ; and it would not bo strange if I should rO' ccive a harsh letter, or writ ! The lax manner by which sundry persons transact business has a very bad tendency, and is often followed by seri- ous consequences. The little regard they have for their word causes grievous disappointments, destroys confi- dence and corrupts society. As a small leak in the tliip may sink ihe whole cargo, so oiio man, A gentlcmHii at Washington has written, that, i who is not jiunctual, may seriously injure the rop- " be llclieve.^ the leaves of every troo subject tojutntion, or even cause the entire failure of others, tl'.o operations of early frosts and meridian suns, i The most distinguished farmers, mechanics, mer- asHume that hiio which the hark is calculated to | chants, civilians, divines, and statesmen, have gcn- give to the dye." . orally been systematic, punctual men ; and per- TheEdilorof ibc St Andrews, N.B. Herald, I iiig a gentle tapping at his door, recently, pr>|i one of his best hows, expecting a prompt cii>i er who wished lo pay for his paper. On ope the door a beautiful woodpecker flew away. The Clingstone Peach, now a favorite in United States, and which rii>cns late in aim was introduced to this country from the Meii raiiean, bv -Mr David Heath. fronted, An Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. An lisent boy from the country would be preferred. inr.i:. con School and Washingtc^i-strccts, and by J. B. Ki No. ."r2, North Market-street, the wVnr t.ngtami In .Uwnmirh for IslO. Hy Tiiosi.»s G. FesseM)I.s, of the Now F.nL'liind Farmer. This .Miiianack, it is thought, will bo found tn h siderably improved upon that of the precediiii; The Astronuiiiical calculations have boon nrepan revised with jircat care by a gentleman of this rU' tides particularly noted — a complete Calendar < Courts fof each stito in Now England, includi Prnbate Courts of Massachusetts — tlio 8un'ii dcrl: --a table of Roads and ilistanccs from llosloo, A se\ enteen pages of miscellaneous articles, prim upon .Agriculture and Gardening. (J j'Country traders and others supplied upon thi liberal let' us, by the thousand, groce, or dozen. Sci)t. 1-^. Pidilished every Friday, at 5-'' pcr anaum. payabia end of ihe year— l>ui lliose' who |>ay wilhin siiiy days ft lline of subscribing, arc enlilled lo a deduction of fifty cr U (■ No paper »ill bo seal lo aditlaiicc wiihoui po >dc I ndv Primed for J. It. RussiM., by I. R. Rutts— by all dcscriplions of Priiiliuf; can be cicc of cu^loiiuTj. Orders lor priniiii|t rccci al lUc Alfriculiural Warehouse No, .1 ■A by J n. Re Norifa Markrl FOR THE NEW ENGLiND KARMEB. -• adiun Dix's seedling Pear. Madam Dix has politely offered to present to jj) Published by John B. Rdssei,!,, at jYe. 52 JVorlh Market Street, (at the Agrleultural Warehouse).— Tuo^iaI G. Fessenden, Edihi^ VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER JJ, 1829. No. 21. AGRICULTURE. xj.-FiuLuuui.ii oociei^, nil ougn I bearing three or Joui-yoars, snannijiv this season, and lias always remained wliere it sprang up. The; Easy culture in peat and loam, and readily = top is so thick vvitli branches and cross limbs, be- propagated by seed, cuttings, and dividing tho ing full of thorns, that the head cannot be entered I roof. TUP nrv priA-D ''"'' "'''•' '"fticulty. Tlic branches grow out at I Azalia Lndica. e. 4. March to May. scarlet. 1808. 1.1 T. IHt, mx PEAR. .' first horizontally, then after l)onding down a little, v. f/n«Wc purp/c. ISUi. Mr Editor—Iu comphauce with your request, turn up at the ejul. It makes rather small wood : I "«"'^=°-f:=/- ^■ |send you a Instory, descr.ption, and drawing of leaves small, and finely serrated, not folded like | i™^ 18sl the St Germain, b^It flat, with long stems, color 1 This very pniaiucntal species is a native of Chi- reen, with a gloss. The tree has been injiia, from which country, also, the varieties have come. The flowers, which are produced in abun- dance, are beautiful, and very fragrant. The plant i.s somewhat delicate, but blooms well in a moist ' heat, in a rough or sandy peat, well drained. It should occupy an airy part of the green-house, and water given sparingly in winter ; in summei it should be in :iie o[)eu air, but shaded from tho powerful sun^ The mode of propagation is, by cuttings ofjthe young wood, -taken off close to that which js ripened ; planted in pots of sand, and covered with a bell-glass, which triust be fre- quently raised r.nd dried, as damps are very injuri- e, any number of scions the tree will afford, ill attend to procuring them next spring. Dorchester, Oct. 20, 1829. S. DOVVNER. 1 1 but was full last year of large and very fai paars. When the tree is properly pruned, the size of the fruit will probably be increased, and the fruit improved. The soil is rich, and its situ- ation very good. 1 DESCRIPTION AND DRAWING OF MADAM Dlx's PEAR. Size, over medium, arul may rank with large pears ; the specimen of which a drawing is now making for the Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- ety, was taken from one, measuring four and a half inches high, and eight round ; skin, rough, and rather thick, resembling the St Germain, but is longer and larger. Those growiiig inside of the tree, are green ; but those on the outside, exposed to the sun, have a fine blush, turning yellow when mature. Stem not exceeding three quarters of an inch in length, not large, and set on the top of the fruit ; blossom end a little indented, with a pecu- liar eye, appearing as if drawn up with a string, and puckered or plaited round it, and a little knobby at the bottoin. This very fine pear com- -5o:?s very nearly to the St Germain in ajipearance, but has higher and more fine flavor in it ; comes in eating sooner than the above named pear, being in perfection from the middle to the last of Octo- ber. It bids fair to be one of our very best au- tumn pears, and valuable for its recent origin, and its claims as a native. It may with the greatest safety be introduced into our gardens and nurse- ries. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. CULTIVATION OP EXOTIC PLANTS, &c. Mr Loudon in his Encyclopedia of Gardening, has given a list of exotic plants of easy culture, which he thought might be considered as afford- ing the best choice for a small, showy, odorifer- ous, evergreen, and everflowering collection. Per- 1 as flowering nearly all the year. They thrive best in sandy peat, the pots well drained with broken [lotsherds. They may be propagated by ripened cuttings, taken off at a joint, and planted in sandy Daphne odora. c 3 Marcli to Dec. purple. China. 1771. oleoides. e. 2. Jan. & Dec. white. Crete. 1815. Cidtivated in peat and loam, and propagated by cuttings. Hypericum baletincum. e. 1 J. Mar. to Sept. yellow. Ma- jorca. 1714. monogynum. e.3. Mar. to Sept. yellow China. 1753. coris. e. 1. Mar. Sept. yellow. Levant. 1640. ericoides. e. 1. .Tune, July, yellow. Spain. 1821. canariense. c. 2. June, Sept. yellow. Canaries. 1699. cochin-chineso. c. June, Aug. crimson. China. 1821. Conunon culture, and propagated by cuttings. Auetia.jlatoj_i.ui. '.OS. e 2, Mr [Dec. white. C.G. Hope 1692. Cultivated in peat and loam, aud propagated by cuttings. Epairis grandiflora. e. 3. .Tan. to. June, scarlet. 1803. pulchella. e. 4. Ap. June. pink. 1804. Beautiful plants from New South Wales, which thrive best in a sandy peat soil, the rougher and more turfy the soil, the better ; they should ahvays be shifted into fresh pots before they are taken out in the spring. Young cuttings planted in pols of sand under a bell-glass, will strike root readily in Autumn, winter, or early spring, but not in sum- mer. Beronia le.difolia. e. 1^ March, April, white. 814. pinnati. e. 2. Feb. May. purple. 1794. serrulata. e.3. June, July, crimson. 1816. Pretty ])lants from New South Wales, valuable haps the publication of this list might aid such of your readers as are desirous of forming small col- lections. In this view I have subjoined from that Madam D.x's Mansion house is situated at the ! ""'J'"'"'" Encyclopedia of Plants, lately published, ith part of Boston, where she has resided for ' f"!^ f''"'" °""='; ^°"';«^ of equal authority, the ,re than thirty vears ; contiguous to the house i'f ^ht of the plant in feet, its time of flowering, ifine spacious "garden, containing many large i "^® ''■°"""'y ^'°'" '^^^'="'^« imported into Englaiul, it, trees among which are a St Germain, and ^\^ ^f!'' "[ "" "ai-ortation, and the proper mo.le led Christian, both large, and near together, !°*^ "''Vy""""- As chmate has a great effect upon lichraaybethe parents of this seedling pear, ! ^:'^Setables the native country of plants, and the time they have been subjected to the artificial cul- ture of the green-house should be noted. The list commences with WOODY green-house plants — the letters for evergreen, and d for deciduous. York, Pa. JVov. 20. J. L. Salvia dentata. d.i^, Dec.to Jan. crims. C.G. Hope. 1774. africana. d. 2. Ap. to June : violet. 1731. Cape. aurea. d. 3. Ap. to Nov. yellow. 1731. Cape. iormosa. d. 4. Ap. to Oct. scarlet. 1733. Peru. lich came up fifteen years since, near the woo use. Its close resemblance, in appearance, to s St Germain, gives the strongest reason to sup- 56 it one of its parents. The seedling pear tree ;wentythree feet high, and ten inches in diame- , four feet from the ground. With the cxcep- n of some of the lower limbs having been ta- il off the last season, it has never been pruned : peat under a bell-glass. The glass must be taken off occasionally, to dry them, as they arc very lia- ble to damp off. Calothamnus quadrifida. e. villosa. e. gracilis, e. Beautil'ul New Holland plants, introduced in 1803, bearing splendid scarlet flowers, of easy culture in sandy peat, and propagated by cuttings of the young wood in sand, and the air kept still and moderately moist by covering with a hand- glass. The appearance of the first species with its large stnuiens.an inch and a half long, cover- ing the branches is very fine. They are in bloom from July to September, and are three feet high. NEW ENGLAND I AIIMER, Dec. 11, IS-iS- Uopasar, .nethifoliu.. e. 5. March, June. » l'""^ '/»«• j formo.u.. e. •» Marc!., June.wliito. 1-SOo. | New Holland i-lauis wl.icli thrivo l)i-.-t in one- third loam, one-.h.rd i-cat, and „nt-tl..r.l sand The pots sl.oidd 1... w,,-ll drained. ll.c usual mode of propagating iliein w by s.-o.l ; but cm- tings of li.e ripened wood will root m sand, and a little earll, in iho botton, of ll.c pots under a hand-gluss. They must l.e nncxivLrfd frciuemly Bnd the glass dried, as they are apt to damp off il kept too close. Dryandria floribunda. e. 3. Jan. Doc. timuifolia. c. 2. March, May New Holland plants, with yellow flowers, allied in habit to the species of Banksia'introduced iii 1S03 which thrive best in very sandy Inmn and peat in well drained pots. Cunin-s made from ripened wood taken otV before they l-e-in to push, planted in sand without shortenin- any of the leaves, and covered with a hanclslns-*. "'" ^^°^ without dirticulty ; as soon as they have struck they must bo taken out of the sand, as it is apt to injure their roots. Bauera rubiajfolia. o. IJ. July to Dec. pink. 1703. A hardy, free flowering plant from New South Wales, of easy culture in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root in the same soil under a hand glass. Chorozemia rhombca. e. U. April, June. 1^113. A New Holland plant, with yellow flowers, cul- tivated in sand and peat ; and propa^'atcd by seed, which is proie/or««r .' 1 SUPE^IOrTV-^RIETIES of FRIIT. Mr Ff.ssi .\pe.>— The two Russian appU s n 'tioned by Mr Prince, in his "Treatise lu Hi I culture," (page 7) and taken by him from " Mor Geography," are described by Tooke in his '• V I of the Russian Empire," (vol. 3, p. 223.) Mr TooKE observes that '-all the villages on Volga, and the Oka, have their orchards, or a| gardens ; and numbers of boors live there with husbandrv, merely hy horticulture, in good cumstaiices." Many villages get above ten ih sand rubles [about 7200 dollars] for the fruit gr iii^ upon the trees, the different varieties of w h orTginally came from Astracan, and Persia. '. most remarkable is the Kirefskoi apple, wl. often grows so large as to weigh four pmiii " having an agreeable acidulous flavor, and ke ing a iong time." .\ transparent kiml, broii orTginally from China, is cultivated in the mi, borliood of Moscow. It is called AudViit ( melting) is well tasted, and " so full of juice a be ready to biiist. The flavor is a prcasant ac and on bidding tlirni up to the light, tho corej distinctly seen, ami the pips may be counted The first is i>robably the .Iternndernyih- >' and described in the "Traiisitclions of the 1 Hort. Society," (vid. ii. p. 407, f. 28, and vol. ir 524.) It is the largest apple in tho catnlo-tie Loino.v, measuring 16 by 14 inches round, and described hy him and every (ithcr author ai "most magn'iticent fruit." It i» supposed to ha been introduced into Western Europe during! reign of the late Emper.>r Alexander, whence name. Although the average weight of this fr falU short of two pounds, yet it is the largest i 5 VD FAK3I!:i{, Dec. 11,1829, COMMUiriCATIOPTS. FOR TUK HLW K.IGLAHl) riRUtll clean. The broncbcH will be so interwoven, anil BO strongly armed, the stock bo large and ttrong, and tlio growth so rapid, that I expect a good fence in three years, where they were put out e yeiir ago. 1 am so iniicli in doubt as to the best method of LIVF. FENCES. I do not know, Mr Editor, tliat th'si: will ever become on object worthy the nttent,,,,, ..f those of j cli,Vi„g and irmnaging7tha"t "l giml7forbea7"nu"y your readers whose fanns abound aiih solid ma- 1 remarks on this branch of the subjen until my tenals for lences ; but as there «re many districts ; „ i„i^,„ ^^c better fortified l-v experience. Let like the one in which I reside, Where there is ah- 1 „„ ex,,erimenter beware, however, how he adopts eolulely no stone, and scarcely any timber ht for ^Uo English method of planting, on the inverted rails, the remarks I am about to! oflcr, may be of eome service. ' I have tried several plants for live fences, and in various ways, and have got soiiie knowledge from my experience. I have saqslicd myself that the English hawthorn, (crutiegu.t oxj/acanlha,) is not adapted to our climate. U is coiiiparatively feeble in growth and structure, alii injured by the severity of our wiotcrs. 'J'lio privet ~M{cs a pretty ornamental hetigc, if kept well clipped. The .■Jiulhorry makes a prorital)le hedge where the leaves arc .:onsumcd by tin; silk-worm. The defoliations for this purpose induce a shrubby habit in the tree. Mulbciry hedges Src suited to poor bouse farms, where they would afford shelter, pro- tection, and employnient for the iii:iiates. The common thorn of our country, of \v earth thrown from a ditch. This wiil not answer. It is adajited neither to our hot summers, nor cold winters. J. B. Albany, Dee. 1, 1829. SFIELTERIXG FARM L.\NDS. Mr Rlssell — The article " Sheltering Farm liable to be Lands," published in your 19lh No. from the Ame- rican Fanner, delineates with correctness the im- portant advantages of this branch of rural econ- omy. To show to your readers the practicability and facility of sheltering their farms, I submit a statement of my personal experience in this busi- ness. On the 28th of Mny, 1827, I repaired to the banks of the Hudson with an assistant, and col- I have I lected a '(|uantity of the seeds of the soft maple, at least four species in culture, under c\i)ericnced I (""'" '■"'"■'""J some species of the elm, (ulmusj management, will make a good and clicap fence. ""J of the button wood, (plalanus occidentalii,) But the dillic.uliy with me has been to make the I "'''c'l were then falling, the latter of the prece- haws grow. I have tried various ineiJiDds with ; '"ng year's growth. They were planted the same but partial success. Have subjected tliriii to alter- [J"y> ^ery thick, in beds of mould. They imme- nate freezing and thawing. None have grown | diately grew, and the plants attained some size the first year; very few the second, and some i ''"it year. Last week I transjjlanted several of more the third. I am apj)reheiisive lliey become I ''"^ maples, .-is ornamental trees, which were from rancid by laying in mass, and thus like the .seeds 1 '"" '" fourteen feet high. Some of the button- of the magnolia, lose the vegetatijig principle. | "'oods are ten feet, and the elms six and seven. Can any of your readers instruct me ill a success- I This, in 30 months from the planting of the ful method of raisins the quii:k.-- ? I l-^^o u f..ii«o 1 seeds. Having fortui.ntcly left a belt of jiatural of the native thorn, the plants of which were ta- 1 wood upon a part, of the north and north-west ken from the fields and wooils. It is a barrier 1 ''o^'Jc's of my farm, I resolved to continue it on against orderly cattle, and will soon be so against I ''i«' west. For this purpose, I set two hands to the unruly. It does not rerpiire, to take care of ■ """""'^ 'ind jjlough a strip of sward, ten feet it, hut little more l;U)i)r than a dead fence ; whilst \ hroad, adjoining the fence, and at ten proceeded as the latter is constantly deteriorating, this is an- i with n third to take up young maples in the seed nually improving. An experienceil hand, with a 'i^'' for I'l^mting it. We took up three hundred proper hill hook, or pair of shears, will clip nearly plants in a space less than si.x feet square, of four a hundred rods in a ilay. There is no difliculty | 'o eight feet high ; and the same evening, with the in rendering it perfectly clo.^e. The greatest ene- I "'J "f 'I'C two men employed at the plough, and my 1 have to encounter, is, the moles or field | ""'"''"" for two hours, had the whole pla'iited in mice, which often shelter iimler the leaves and ) f'ght order. The jilanting was performed in gra."*, and bark the ]dant» during winter. The i •'''** '"aimer — A line being drawn from, and par- anticipations from using the hucklhorn as a mate- """' 'o the fence, a hole was dug with a grubbing rial, 1 think v.ill not he realized, [r] hoe, at intervals of five feet. Eight feet from the There is yet another plant, which I think „.ill K"^!"^"' " ^'^'""'^''^ """^^ "as planted, corresponding be founil to surpass all others for live fences ; viz.'""''''"' ''''^'' and a third row was placed bc- the three thorncd, or horny locust, (^/erft/st/iia/n- i '"'''*^" ''"; t""> 'i a quineun.K form, or in the iii- acanllios,) a native of our "forests. The seeds arel""^"'^' '^^"'^ ''""^fc is a space of about -U (let CBBily iirocnred, grown with nuility, growth rapi/l, ''^''"'''•=" '''o nearest trees. I purpose to plant ],o- Hpiiies abundant, long and imhirated ] wood bard' """"^ '.'"''' 'Reason, a hill between two tribes, so that and strong. Although this plant has been rcrom- ' *'"" ''I' ^^'''' " P'""?'' l"twccn the rows. From mended, and tried, I understand successfully, I ''"'' ''"'"."* "^ ''"f "''■'' ' ''"^ " "" ''onl't that in six have never seen it in a mature finco. But the I >'""'■'* ''"•'' ''e'' will afror(raii ample screen, niu strong confidence I have in its (iincss, ha.s lnducev. 28, 1829. Tin: potato! Mr Fr.8SENDE«( — I'lr/zled by conflicting ojiin- ions in relation to the cultivation of this vegetable, I procured, some years ago, a -Ito volume, p libhed by the British Board" of Agriculture, lxc sively devoted to this subject, in the confident [.ectation of liaving all my doubts colved its perusal. It contained ))roper queries, j pounded by the board to men of practical i scientific know ledge, and the answers of the lat I commenced the examination of this pondin work, ami, as 1 thought, invaluable treasure, n great ardor ; but my ardor abated as 1 pro^-rcsi until it terminated in indiifcrcnce and disuppo menl. I found the opinions and results so com dictory and various, in relation to seed, soil, i nure, cultivation, and product, that 1 felt my more at a loss in regard to the subject than wl I commenced reading. The committee of hoard, whose province it was, from these mat als, to have collected the best system of niana ment, frankly acknowledged their inabiliiv to j form this duty. I, however, learned one imj I tant fact by my labor, viz. that the intrinsic va III' a variety is not to be estimated by the size its tubers; hut that, under like circumstances, nutriment is often in an inverse ratio to the ' uine of the vegetable ; or, to state the resul ohcniieal analysis, that while the laree ox-nc yielded only /onrieen per cent of nutritious mati tlie small kidney variety gave about double, nearly twenty-eight per cent. I consider this suit worth remembering, even by the farmer y {cultivates this crop for his swine and bullo( I .\nd it is in consonance with what 1 have renin I ed of the ajiplc. The juices are more conccni j ted in the small than in the large fruit ; and I far asmy memory scr\cs me, all the finer ci fruits are under a medium size. This is parti larly the case with the Styre, Golden and Do< ton pippins, Foxley, Siberian, llar\ey, and eider crabs. To return to the potato. Considerable pract and careful observation, have suggested to certain rules for the cultivation of this crop, wh I submit to your disposal, with my reasons adopting them. These rules direct, 1. That small potatoes should be rejected seed. 2. That large ones should be cut into (rom t to five parts or sets. 3. That moist, (not wet,) and light, (hut rii soils are best for the growth of this plant. 4. That iinfermented dung, spread and tun under with the plough, is the best manure. 5. That grass leys are to be i)rel"erred, wl convenient ; and 0. That the crop should bo hilleil, or earth only at the first dressing. 1. 1 reject small potatoes as seed, because < perience has taught me that such send up oi feeble stocks, which can mature but a feohic p geny. It seems to bo a law in the vegetable well as in the animal kingdom, that a fi. M, ;.ar< can jiroduce only a feeble otVspring. II. ,,, ? deners select the largest and most perl. : ^ci- and farmors the most perfect animals, to brc from. 2. Rut, it may be asked, if the small pot, gives a fi-cbl» progeny, huw can you expect a It ger iirndiicc from a small 3tt or cii/diig :' T strength and vigor of the shoot which Ts to be the new crop, does not depend upon the pola but upon the ih instant, the following resoliitious wore adopted : — 1. Resolved — That an Executive Committee of the Council be chosen, to consist of five iiiein- bers, with authority to exercise all the [>owers of, the Council ; and siiid Committee to convene at such limes and places as may he deemed expedi- ent, and to make report of its proceedings to the Council, at the stated meetings of that hoard, and at such other times ns may he required. 2. Resolved — That the slateil meetings of the Council shall he held at ten o'clock, A. M. on the first Saturday in March, June, September, and December, at the Hall of the Society. 3. Resolved — That there be an addition of one meiidier to the Library Committee. 4. Resolved — Tliat all letters and communica- tions to or from any officers or members of the Society, which relate to objects for which it was instituted, and it may he deemed expedient to pub- lish, as a part of the Transactions of the Society, shall he transmitted to the Library Committee, and said Committee shall prepare them for, and super- intend their jiiiblication. 5. Resolved — That the four standing Commit- tees of the Council prepare lists of such ob- jects as they may think worthy of premiums, and cause the same to he puhliphed in the New Eng- land Farmer, during the month of January next. 6. Resolved — That all seeds, plants, or other articles presented to the Society, or purchased thercfor,sliallbedisposed of as the Executive Com- mittee may direct. The following gentlemen were then elected in pursuaftpe of the preceding resolutions as the Ex- ecittive Committee of the Council. Samdel Downer. Elias Piiinnev. Cheeveb Newhall. Charles Tappan. JoH.N B. Russell. And Zebedee Cook, Jr. was added to the Li- brary Committee. In further |)ursuancc of the above resolutions it was requested that ])iiblic notice should be giv- en to all those who propose to favor the Society with communications upon any subject of interest to the horticultural conmuinity, that they would be pleased to transmit the same to Zebedee Cook, Jr., Boston, for publication, under the di- rection of the Library Committee. It was then voted, tliat the proceedings of tlie meetings of the Society, and of the Council, and the letters of Messrs Adlum, Maury, Rogers, and Bill, which had Iieen previously read, be ptihlislicd in the New England Farmer and Hor- ticultural Journal. Hon. II. A. S. Dearborn, Pros. Rliiss. Ilorl. Soriely, " Sir — I had the honor duly to receive your favor of last Aujrust, with a pampnlet of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society, for which, be pleased to accept my thanks. " 1 had the misfortune to have my leg fractured, and just as 1 began to hop about upon one crutch, I again got hurt, which prevented me from attending to business as usual. " 1 now send you a box of sundries, made up as follows, viz. — .'! sniall bottles of my Tukai/ wine ; 2 do. of Champaign, one made in 1827, and the other in 18'-J8. Tlicy are both still, owing to tlie grapes having been too ripe wlien they wore made into wine; 2 bottles of Calnivha wine; all tiicse were made of the Catawba grape ; 2 bottles of .hltiiiri's Madeirit : this was made of the Bland .Madrira and other grapes, mixed ; 2 do. of Domestic wine ; tliia is made of the SchuylkiU Muscadel, and otl'Pr prap« is- Owing to our cool and wet season, ihcipnnst more than one third of a crop of the cuilivat grapes. In the first place, when the vines were Liluom, there were heavy rains, which prevented t Iruit from setting, or forming. In the second pi considerable numbers of the grapes that were !i ed cracked and dried up. In the third place, fn the absence of the usual warm weather in Septe ber, llie grapes were not as sweet as usual, neitl were they of the usual size, except they were i very sheltered situation, neither were they so jui as of other years. Last year and the year before bushel of grapes in the clusters that ucigbed fr 42 to 4K pounds, gave three and a quarter gallons pure juice ; this year a bushel proiluced only I gallons'and three quarters of pure juice, when < » lid grapes in the woods and in our fields, were fa tor than 1 ever knew them to be. I sent out f |t:' hands, and they gatheicd as many as made a pi;' 1 10 gallons in two days ; it is of a very high ' color, and 1 think, nay, I am sure, it will be i.. better, than the l.'larets imported in wood in si quantities within the last year. "2. An 0/iiT bottle of the Washington Cbt.iti The tree that produced thesa nuts was sent to n' the late Richard Peters, President of the I' delpliia Agricultural Society. With the tn ■ . sent nie some nuts which were eaten by the gr mice after they were planted. The following .■ extract of his letter, which accompanied the Irn.- various other things. " ' My venerated tree was planted in 17f>7 or 17! i(l think) and has borne about 4 years. I shouhlb said the nut was then planted ; for the tree has ver been removed; nor shall anything disturb site whilst 1 remain to reverence it with far more I miration than his votaries could bestow on Shaksjn i .MiUberry. The aitificial monuments dcdicab: the most celebrated of heroes, statesin.l ol ticn. To trim tlnir grein rorn-fields and mow llip sv ocl glen. With (JallaiU, &c. Time was, when the plough, with lis haggle and jog. Just turned up the lurf,like the siioul of a hog ; Bui modern jinprovcmenl, with stout sturdy team. Goes the depth of the soil, though il reach to the beam. Willi (JalLuU, ice. Our lowlands, once covered with rushes and fern, A lair for the dony , and home for the hem. Reclaimed by our industry, plainly disclose That toil, makes the wilderness bloom like die rose. With Gallant, &c. Our broad-cloths imported, with gewgaws and trash. Our corsctted dandies may wear tor a dash j Bat fine, Yankee homespun, the w'orld mustcontess, Is Cl lor a King's or a I'rcsideni's dreas. With Gallant, &c. See labor g'wc health to our country around. And our stalls und our markets with plenty abound ; On beef of Old Kngland let epicures dine, Yel nought can excel a rich Yankee sirloin. With Gallant, &c. John Bull calls uspumpiiVis— what arguGcs that. But to prove that our soil is both mellow and fat? lie may rail, if he please, but 1 guess 'tis agreed, That John has found pi7/i in a small pumpkin seed. With Gallant, &.C. But bark, what foreboding is heard in the street ? " Hard times," is the by-word from all thai we meet. Still ihc breast of the lariner a cheering hope feels, While his crops scent the valleys, and flocks crown the hills. With Gallant, dec. Some growing ambitious, and purse crowing lank, To fill up their coflcrs, resort to Ihc Bank; Bui wealth, llie most lasting, is purchased by toil, And Ihc farmer's best bank is a bank of rich soil. With Gallant, <^c. John Clover, ho wedded die sweet Molly Bean, Who learned of her mother to knit and to spin, "To milk, and to churn, and make cheeses, and such ; — They managed with prudence, and ' thrived like tbo Dutch ! ' With Gallant, &c. Would mtillier, ami failiT, and daughter, and son, Here lake a good lesson foiii .Mollr aiidjohn, And let :heir expenses and noiioii^ i»c less, ■rhcn health and conlciitincnt Ihiir labors would bless; With (iiil/mu, and Golding, and IJvbiiin, they'd go, And their fields loud re-echo Oee tip and OttO' and he will excuse you. Keep a memorandum-book, enter I fortune, which is still increasing. all notes. An extensive l)ed uf Iron Ore has been recei whether received or given ; all moneys received |^, ^u^^^^.g^,.,, ,,^3^ ,|,p iiead water!* of Deerli. or paid out ; all expenses, and all circumstances of importance. If your domestic animals are not clean, they |,ioductivc and excellent quality. will not be comfortable ; and if they are not com- — ^— ■— — ^— ^^■^^■— forlable, they will not thrive. river, about 17 miles from IJiatlli-horough. ir;iet is said to be large, and the ore of a _n INTEMPERANCE. ! A late number of the .American Journal of the ' Medical Sciences contains some very curious re- murks, in which the' author, John II. Kuin, of, Tennessee, considers anil treats of Intemperance | as a disease. Instead of considering intempe- rance a moral disease, and one to he ctircil by moral leiiieilics, he says, medical men might as well attempt to argue with a fever, aud relieve the sull'ei-er by moral, considerations. Mr Kaiii thinks too much ignominy has been attached to the propensity which many individuals have for inebriating draughts, and reasons from the analogy of the cases that men of otherwise unexccptioiuihlc characters are no more to be branded and ignominiously treated for allowing themselves to be seduced and made crazy by the influence of the bottle, than is any other ma- niac, for the evil he may do when in his moments of fieii/y ; .■..,.! Mr Kain thiiik.s, we hope wiili reason, that as the light of science advances, this, with other morbid appetites of mankind will be brought to bow before the medical art. It is considered as a disease which has its scat in the stotnach. Ha Hied, .\n Apprentice, in a Book Printing OlTice. An 111 ligent boy from the country would be preferred. inquire at the New England Farmer Ollice, N" North Market Street. if Oct. -: Powder al 23 per lb. nUPONT 'S POWDER, quality w.nrrauted, for sail Cnp'lanA's Ammunition Stin-f, 65'Broad si, al rrlail. ;:iu. By TnoM-ts G. Fessem^e.-s, cd of the New Enjiland Farmer. This .Almanack, it is thought, will be found to be c siderably improved upon that of the preceding y- Tlic Astronomical calculations have been prepared revised with great care by a gentleman of tliis cily— tides particularly noted — a complete Calendar of and this, we believe, is not to be ' Courts (of each state in New Enjjlond, including doubted, — produced by a perverted or distorted ^■■''''"''', '"""'''^ °*^ -^'''■'""""''"'"'•'*~''"' ^""''"''''^''"'' n/i,..r .-:c«..„ •• • . • .- — a tabic of Roads .and distances from Boston, <.Vc. action ol that viscus ; it is a constant cravin'^ after' . ^ • n .• , • ' ■•■ "^ " ^"""'""i >->">iiio ••■ii.i Bcventecn pa^cs of miscellaneous articles, princip ulture and Cardenin and others supplied upon the n that which is a momentary relief for a thousand upon A distresses of the mind or body; but in this, uit-' IP'C like other diseases, that which is a palliativo.is no '""""' '•^'■'"''' ^y ^'"^ thousand, grocei or dozen. cure; it is certain to inflame the desire, and in-! '''^'' ' " • crease the disease He proposes to disgust the taste of the patient, Heifer wanted. A gentleman in Maine wishes to purchase a first HINTS TO YOUNG FAK.MERS. Instead cH' spending a rainy day at the dram- shop, ns many do, to their ruin, repair whatever wants mending ; post your books. N«vcr trust your muiiuy in the liaiids of that man who will jiut his own to hazard. AV'hen a debt becomes duo, pay il at the time, whothcr your creditor wants it i»r not. Never auk him to " IFait till next week,'' but pay it. Ne- Gardening Business. Gcnilemen in w.int of n coin|>ctenl person to prune (!i I'ines, Fruit Trees, A:c. arrange liol iK-d; ifinr I,.'. Silk. — Mr A. Purvianco, of Camden, .S. C. has been successful in the cidturo of Silk during the business connerird with gnrJens, can l>e a calling on Mr Si.xiou. at bis Green Houie<, in Kuibu will attend to the atwve business himself, or furnish a con person. and iirodnce nausea by mixing with the litiuor heifer, for milk, about two years old, of the Imnro ' ■ some harmless drug, and ,.roposes the following bJ^' """""^ ''''3^''-^'''''"' ^"°" '''""xov.: remedy, which ho has himself used with success. He does not promise that it will always cure, but says that a temporary relief is certain, and cites ' y as a maxim in favor of constant temporary relief ,ses, pot plants, arrange Uieni''in greenhouses, for what cannot be cured, that " chronic diseases ' require chronic cures." A convenient preparation of the medicine is S grains of tartrite of aniimony dissolved in -l ozs. of boiling water ; half an ounce of the solution to be iiiit in o half-pint, |iinl, or quart of the pa- tient's favorite liquor, and to be taken, daily, in di- vided portions. If severe vomiting or purging ensue, I should direct laudanum to allay the irri- tation, iinil diminish the dose. In every patient it should be varied according to its efiucts. Aiotice. Subscribers 10 the New England Farmer are informed Ihev can have their volumes lu-nily nnd fmihlnllv half |.o and lettered, ui 70 cts per volume, by le.ivin^ ihcm at office. Published cjery Friday, nl 53 per annum, pavoblr .; end ofihe year— l.ul those who pay within siMy diivs fi. i. limiMif subscribing, nrc entitled to a deduction of lifiV ei his. (D ■ No paper w ill be scut to * distance without piivmenl ine niailu in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— bv wk all descriptions of Printini; can be cxcculeil to mo t the »i> of cumoiners. Ordersfor priming receiv«l by J. B. Rus-> ■t the A^riculiur.il Warehouto Ho. 5! North Market i^lI 1\ ^?^ Published by John B. Russell, o<;./VU 52 JVorlh Market Street, (at the ^Agricultural Warehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, JSrft7or. -^ 'y 8 VOL. VIIL BOSyON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1829. No. 22. HORTICULTURE. JOUj mellii FOR THE W£W ENGLAND FARMER. ULTIVATION OF EXOTIC PLANTS, &c. Continued from page 162. bohea. e. 4. Au^. Dec. white. China. 17GS. viridis. e. 4. Feb. Nov. ' ' ' sasanqua. e.4. ' ' ' ' 1811. V. plena, e. A.' ' pink. ' 1813. oleifera. e. 3. white. China. 1811. axillaris, e. 3. Feb. Mar. white China. 1818. ,,^ japonica. e. 10. May, July, crijns. China. 1730. - This fine genus is named in honor of George SEpn Kamel, and is remarkable as at once fur- hing the domestic drug tea in universal use, d flowering trees and shrubs, as univer.^ally ad- red. The seeds of all the species are crushed oil, which is used like that of hemp or poppy cookery. C. bohea and viridis are the species lich chiefly furnish the tea; but C sasanqua is o used, and sometimes the leaves of the other !cies are taken, though that practice is rather to considered in the light of adulteration. The ili>iricts of China extend from the 27th to the it degrees of north latitude. According to the isionaries, it thrives in the more northern pro- ices, and from Kj:mpfer, it appears to be cul- ated in Japan as far north as the 4-5th degree. seem.s, according to Dr Abel's observation, to ;cecd best on the sides of mountains, where re can be but little accumulation of vegetable uld. The soils from which he collected the It .specimens, consisted chiefly of sandstor. listu s or granite. The plants are raised from d sown where they are to remain ; three or re are dropped into a hole four or five inches ;p, they come up without further trouble, and uire little culture, except that of removing the eds, until the plants are three years old. The re careful stir the soil, and some manure it ; the latter practice is seldom adopted. The rd year, the leaves are gathered at three suc- .sive gatherings, in February, April, and June, so on, until the bushes become stinted, or ly in their growth, which generallj' happens in m si.K to ten years. They are then cut in, to :ourage the production of fresh shoots. The gathering of the leaves is performed with e and selection. The leaves are plucked off s by one ; at the first gathering, only the une.v- ided and tender are taken ; at the second, those t are full grown ; and at the third, the coarsest. e first forms what is called in Europe Imperial ; but as to the other names by which tea is wn, the Chinese know nothing ; and the com- inds and names are supposed to be made and en by the merchants at Canton, who, from the at number of varieties brought to them, have ample opportunity of doing so. Formerly it thought that green tea was gathered exclii- ly from C. viridis ; but that is now doubtful ; ugh it is certain there is what is called the en tea district, and the black tea district ; and varieties grown in the one district difiiir from :e grown in the other. Dr Abel was told by petent persons, that either of the two plants affi>rd the black or green tea of the shops, that of the broad thin leaved plant (C. viridis) referred for making the green tea. The different sorts of black and green tea arise not inerely from soil, situation, or the age of the leaf, but after winnowing the tea, the leaves are taken U]) in succession as they fall ; those nearest the machine being the heaviest, are the gunpowder tea ; the light dust the worst, being chiefly used est and most marked varieties, and are also free growers and free flowerera ; the poeony flowered and fringed white are also standard beauties. Other varieties in general cultivation, are single rod, single white, semidouble red, double red, Middlemist's red, myrtle leaved, Loddiges' red, va- by the lower classes. That which is brought | riegated wnrratah, Kew blush, Hume's blush or down to Canton, then undergoes a second roast- ing and winnowing ; and many hundred women are employed for these purposes. As more select sorts of tea, the blossoms of the C. sasanqua ajjpear to be collected : the buds, also, appear to be gathered in some cases. By far the strongest tea which Dr Abel tasted in buff, Wellbank's, Lady Long's, Pompone, hexan- gular, &c. The single reil Camellia is propagated by cut- tings, layers, and seeds ; and on these the other sorts are generally inarched, but may be budded or grafted. When indepenclent grafting is resorted to, the mode called side grafting is mostly used ; China, was that called 7/u/jf);, used on occasions j but the operation of tongueing is omitted, as of ceremony. It scarcely colored the water, and on examination was found to consist of buds and half expanded leaves of the plant. As substitutes for tea used by the Chinese, may be mentioned a .species of moss, common to the weakening the stock. A few seeds are sometimes obtained from the single red slid semidouble Ca- mellias, and from the single warratah ; these re- quire two years to come^ up, but make the best stocks of any. The best cultivators regularly mountains of Shan-tung, an infusion of ferns of ^ cross imi>re5nate the blos.soms in K.mght's man diflTcrent sorts, and Dr Abel thinks, the leaves of| ner, by cutting out the stamens before the anthers the common camellia and oil camellia may be | are mature, and when the stigma is in a proper added. Dtj Halde observes that all the plants state, dusting'it witii the pollen of the species or called tea by the Chinese, are not to be considered Variety intended as the male parent. C. sasanqua as the true tea plant, and K.e.iipfer asserts, that in I seeds most readily, and is mostly employed ns the Japan a species of Camellia, as well as the olea I female parent for raising new varieties. The plants fragrans is used to give it a high flavor. if well treated, will flower in three or four years, The oil bearing Camellia, fC oZfi/era^ is culti- and if nothing new is produced, they still make yated for its seeds, from which an oil is exi)ressed, excellent stocks. The species of Camellia are of in very general use in the domestic economy of surpassing beauty, but no plants bear the confined China. It grows best in a red sandy soil, attain- and dry aiy of the parlor worse than they do. •ng the height of six or eight feet,, and prodii.-ing \ Beaufortia cle.ussala. e. 3. May, July, scarlet. 1803. a profusion of white blossoms and seeds. These seeds, as well as those of any other species, are reduced to a coarse jiowder, which is stewed or boiled in bags, and then pressed, when the oil is yielded. The culture of the tea camellias in our green houses, is very simple. The plants are very hardy and may be preserved in a pit without fire heat ; they grow in a loamy soil, or loam and peat well draineil, and increase freely by layers, or by cut- tings of the young wood taken off" when it begins to ripen, planted in sand, and covered with a hand glass in a cool frame or pit. As the tea plants are cultivated in Japan, as far north as the 45th degree of north latitude, it is probable that they would stand the winter of the middle states without protection. C. sasanqua, and C. oleifera are nearly as hardy as the C. viri- dis and bohea. Camellia japonica in the groves and gardens of China, is a lofty tree, much admired for its fine sparsa. e. o. crimson. 1803. endid New Holland plants, free growers and abundant flowerers, Vi'ith common greenhouse treatment in two thirds peat and one third loam. Cuttings do best when taken from nearly ripened wood, planted in sand, and covered with a bell glass. Lambertia formosa. e. 4. July. Aug. crimson. 1788. This is a handsome plant, from New Holland, which thrives well in loam and peat not over wa- tered. Cuttings must be taken ofl" at a joint be- fore they begin to push, and planted thinly in sand under a glass, and guarded from damp. Bceckea virtrata. e. 3. Aug. Oct. wliite. 1806. From New Caledonia, of free growth in sandy loam and peat, and very hardy. Young cuttings root in saud, under a bell glass. Pseonia moiitan. e. 3. April, June, purple. China. 1789. V. papaveracea. white. Banksiff. purple, rosea, pink. A magnificent flowering plant, which, with its form, rich clothing of shmmg, deep green foliage, varieties, are from China, and are hardy enough and elegant red or white flowers, single or double. It is equally admired in China as in Japan, and much cultivated in both countries. It is of fre- quent occurrence in Chinese paintings, with Hi- biscus and Chry.santhemimi, two of their great fa- vorites. There are several varieties of the C. ja- ponica in China, most of which have been import- ed here, and their number considerably increased, and daily increasing, from seedlings raised in this country. The double white, double striped, and double warratah, (from the central petals resem- bling those of the warratah plant of New Holland, Telopea speciosissima,) are considered the grand- to bear our winters in the open air; but they do not flower in such perfection as when planted out in a conservatory or in a pit, where they may be protected from severe frost under glass ; they will thrive well in any light rich soil ; and ripened cuttings, slipped off" and planted in the ground, in a shady place, without cover, will root freely. Magnoha fuscata. e. 3. April. May. brown. 1789. V. annonifolia. e. 3. ' ' ' 1804. pumila. e. 4. Jan. Dec. white. 1786. Beautiful plants from China, with fragrant flowers, grown in peat and loam. The last is propagated by cuttings, and the others by layers, 170 NEW KNCLAND FARMER, Dec. 18, 18:29. nil but are often inarched or budded on magnolia obo- Tata, which takes rua>lily. \To be continued.] CAMELLIAS. Mr Ri'ssF.Li. — After rending, with much inte- rest, tlie oornmunication on the culture of Camel- lias, published in the New KD|.-land Farmer of Nov. 2(lth, 1 went directly to exnuiiuc some plants , ,,„^ ^^,|,q practised among previous. At first I thought little of it, presuming that by a singular circumstance the offender I that he had given the horse too much ; but on pcned to be suspected, and by a proper man: examination I found tlint he was sick; refusing'' meatt a niirnber of facts in tlie course of a every kind of hay and grain, " heaviness about his cnonths ili;\ilupL-d themselves, by which 1 hac eyes," no disposition to move about, and did not strongest presumptive evidence in my own n discover any symptoms of pain, except occasion- and determined to pursue the perpetrator wii ally lying down a few minutes. He would now f.'ul vengeance, and expose his turpitude, and then receive a little water. I sent for a neigh- knew not that he was suspected until he was k cattle, to whom vately informed of my determination — on v. •which I had recently purchased. At first glance, i j.^^!, ,,u^;„e^g properly belongs. He examined I discovered the " scaly insect," perhaps a fourth U.^ ^ase, and declared hi.s ignorance of the dis- part the size of a grain of flax seed, but not soLusg and method of cure, but thought his pulse a dark colored. It adhered closely to the bud. I removed it (without the least injury to the bud,) with the point of my penknife. On the inside, or side of the scale next to the bud, there was sufli- cient evidence of animal lite. I continued my rc- aearches, and found them indiscriminately on the leaf and flo^ver buds. Some of tliom had se- creted llieiMselves between two contiguous buds. None of the buds have yet fallen. Shoulil you not receive something more in point, this is humbly offered as & partial relief to your fair inquirer of the 11th instant Respectfully yours, O. P. •Ven'/on, Dec. 14. FOR THE SEW ENGLAND rAR)l£n. DISEASE IN CATTLE. Mr Fessendf.n — In the N. E. Farmer of li^st week, page 147, is a statement of a disease in cat tie, belonging to Robert Patte.v, Esq. and in- formation on the subject is requested. The dis- ease, as there stated, appears new, and it is some- what singular lliat it sliould affect hotli oxen and horses alike. It is said, page 139, that it destroys the life of the animal in IS hours, and sometimes sooner, which shows the existence of some power- ful cause, "Symptoms, lionvincss uboot the eyes. ittle accelerated. I told the man to take blood freely ; and this was done, but without any appa- rent cfl'ect. On the next morning, .\pril 20th, ray cow, a fine animal, in high order, and expected to have a calf in a few days, was found laboring un- der the same synq)toms. Again the neighbor was called. lie made liis examination, and again con- fessed his total ignorance of the cause, diseas •, and mode of cure. I advised to the same reme- dy, blood letting ; and it was done without any ap- parent benefit. The horse remained about the same. April 21. Symptoms the same in both the ■an- imals. I then sent some distance for a farrier, who was highly approved in his profession. He examined both cases with attention, and declared that they were unknown to him. From several he threw himself on my mercy, and made a confession of his guilt. Dec. 3, 1829. VERIT.\! From the Gvdeucr** Magjiiiue. HEATING BY HOT WATER. Mr Weekes, manufacturer of horticultural hi ings in the King's Road, has made one of greatest improvements which have been act plished in this mode of heating since its app tion to gardening purposes. One of the few jections to the system has hitherto been, that, circumstances, not necessary to name, I appre- , ^„,j ^„,.„i„ ,,g ,g,„ ^,„rg ofaforcing-h bended a partial stoppage in the intestines of the cow, hut not a total obstruction ; therefore I di- rected him to make use of his laxative medicines ; all which he did, giving his undivided attention to his business, both day and night ; but without any apparent effect. April 22. The horse the same, but the cow- worse ; she became weak, and did not like to move, refused everything but a little water, and and loss of appetite, without much apparent pain, 1 when down it was with some difficulty to rise, until shortly before death, when the agony be- On the morning of the next day, April 23d, the came extreme. On opening the bodies, the in- 1 horse begun to mend, and to show signs of return- tcstincs were found in a healthy state, the vital parts not disordered, and no appearance of disease, save in the spleen, which was enlarged to twice its usual size, and looked mortified." In all such cases, the bodies should be in.spect- eil by some one that has aknowlcdgn of the struc- ture of the various organs, and the changes which take phire in consequence of disease. Every or- gan should he carefully examined, and every mor- bid appearance delineated. Husty and superficial examinations often lead into error. In the pre- sent case, we are told, that the spleen " looked mortified," but nothing is said of any marks of in- flamtnatioii ; and we cannot suppose that organ was " mortified" without such marks about the part affected. Perhaps, after all, the immediate cause of death was not detected. The erdarge- ment of the spleen is gradual, and in the present case, it is presumed, that merely the enlargement of that organ was not the inmiediate cause of death. The symptoms of the di.scase, as stated idiove, are so similar to those in n case of poison, that I will give you the whole story, so far at least, as is necessary to he kiKiwn ; although I do it with the mingled feelings of i)ity and regret. It m:iy he useful. In the morning of the 19th of April, , my young man, who hud the care of my creatuns, Informed me that my Imr.sc was unwell, and had not eaten the hay which hu gave him the CTcning ing appetite, but the cow died in agony. At that time, from all the circumstances now de- tailed, I suspected the cause to be poison ; and from the circumstance, that no poisonous weed grew on my land, I suspected that the poisoning was intentional, and that it was effected by arsenic. This conjecture was strengthened by knowing that it required a large quantity of that poison to de- stroy a horse. Before the body was inspected, I stated to the farrier, and a. few others who happened to be present, that I .suspected that the cause of death was i)oison, probably by arsenic, and delineated the appearances on cWssection, should that he the case. On opening the first stomach, no disi'ase appeared, except a few light marks of inflanmiation. In the next apartment, the manyfolds, these marks were more prominent, and in some places there were spots approaching to a gangrenous state. In the true stomach, there wore the greatest marks of inflammation, extending over one third of that organ and three or four inches below the pylorus Such was the inflannnation, that the pylorus, at that time, was completely obstructed. .\ small part of the stomach was gangrenous. These were the only marks of the disease ob.served. Notwithstanding the appearances were exactly as I hal(!, wc shall have less occasion for legal rcstraint.s. Self love is the cen/npeJa/, and social love the centrifugal forre, lioth arc necessary to keep us in the orhit in which our Creatordcsigned that we should move, for the production of the greatest quantity of human happine.'is. We are comniunded to lovo our neighbor as ourselves, which presupposes that it is lawful for tis to love ourselves, and that the same proportion of love should be e.Mciidcd to 6ur neighbor. The man who practically has no regard for himself or his neighbor, who makes no effort to pronioic his own happiness or his neighbor's, but jiursucs a career destructive of both, is the object of detestation and punishment. The social principle i.s promo- ted by those associations wljo.se object i.s the pub- lic good, which, drawing njen together for the in- terchange of benevolent thoughts, and for devi- sing the means to produce the greatest good, call forth ilio best faculties and aflections of our na- ture, and teach lis, by cx|)erioncc, how nnich hap- ])ier wo are, in imit.uing his perfections, who sendcth the blessings of his providence " upon the evil and the good," than in devising and executing Echcmcs to bcncflt only ourselves. The object of the Society I have now the ho- nor to address, is, the encouragement of Domestic Industry. That is the best kind of charity which enables men to help themselves, it gives most in- dividual happiness, and prevents those vices which attend on indolence. To encourage industry, is, to prepare men for tiie recejilion of those good lirinciples which flourish best in n good soil, whore they may produce n hundred and a thou- sand fold. It Iiiispleasrd the beneficent author of our ex- istence, to make our hajipincss in this lifo dc|icnd- ent upon our indusiry. He has endowed us with faculties and powers, and |)laccd within our reach the means of sustenance, ofcompojence, and even of luxury, and .sailh unto u.-i, in a langiuige not to bo misinterpreted, — " Work out now t!iy temporal happiness." Ilis goodjjrss, however, has not stopjjed hero ; not oidy has ho iiirnished us with the ]iow('r, and tlic means, and the motives to la- bor, but he has given tis servants to labor for us with an activity and power suri)assing, beyond all compare, the activity and strength of man. I re- fer not now to the beasts of the field whose labors lire so essential to the operaliuii of agriculture, but to ihogo agoiitB which tliu iugoutiity of lunn has diacoyertid and reduced to his service in the olo- mnnts of water and lire, by which the mnnufar- turing industry of man is rendered so productive. the fucililieg of commerce increased, and the i und enables the farmer to ascertain v^ith means afforded of scattering these products fur more certainty the fair value of agricultural iub I and wide to clothe the naked, whilst the hungry I are fed, und " none are sent empty away." Who I then can doubt as to the im])onancc of encoura- I ging indu.stry ? Hut here a question occurs, which in our coun- try has become of great political moment ; — Shall we encourage domestic or foreign industry? Shall we use the faculties, and jiowers, and means, and ministers of nature, which God has given us for tudu and importance and the rent of land. The homo market is n and the foreign market is subject to the control other nations, und affected by their want, th commercial treaties, and all those contingenc which affect the relations and commerce of dill cnt countries with each other. To a nation, the fore, that has maile considerable advances in mi iiliictures, the home market is of the first uiag the [iromotion of our own comfort and hajipincss, or .shall >vc neglect the most productive of these, and though it seems agreed that wc may lawfully feed ourselves, are we to look abroad for the co- vering which must prevent " the winds of heaven from visiting" us " too roughly," and for those ele- gancies, which gratify the taste, and aflord more substantial comfort to those whose labor and inge- nuity have produced them .' Be not alarmed ! I am not now about to enter into the mysteries of the tariff, with which I do not profess myself to be sufficiently acquainted I will not now meddle with that topic which has been so fruitful in congressional controversy, and has aroused a spirit in the South, which every lover of union would rejoice to see laid, if not in the Red Sea, at least in the Trans-Atlantic, by the music of our looms and spindles. The present occasion, however, requires of me, in an address to a society whose cxpre.ss object is the promotion of domestic industry, that I should not abandon the subject without suggesting some truths, which may be generally admitted, in vindication of the right and duty of every nation to encourage its own industry. By domestic industry I would understand the whole industry of the nation ; its manufacturing, commercial, navigating, and, though last, not least, its agricultural industry. Agricultural industry is so essential to the existence of the nation, that it needs no other encouragement than will be found in the encouragement of manufactures, and Commerce. A home market is provided for the liroducls of Agriculture by the increase of domes- tic manufactures, and a foreign market by the aid of navigation and commerce. The home market is however of the greatest importance. Inasmuch as every mechanic and manufacturer requires a certain quantity of food daily, for which he is de- pendent upon the fanner; this creates a constant and steady demand, and the price will be regula- ted by the quantity which the farmer produces : but as the/orci'n-ii manufacturer will buy his pro- vision of the farmer of liis own country, our far- mers cannot expect to feed him except so far as ho finds a deficiency nt home; and this is subject to the regulation of the government under which ho lives, and to the course of trade between that country and other countries. The demand created by the homo market is vastly greater than the de- mand created by the foreign market. The demand in any foreign country is generally for so much only as may be necessary to supply the deficiency occa.sioncd by the partial failure of its crops ; the demand of the homo market is for all that is ne- cessary to feed those who do not raise their own provision. Every nation must first feed itself, ami can only export its surplus ; there must therefore he a deficiency ofagricultmul product abroad, and a surplus at home, to unable the farmer to derive any benrfii from the foreign market. The home market is thereforo the most constant and certain. The foreign market, however, isof consequer to the farmer in two ways: — Isl, by providing salo for his surplus produce ; and 2d, by raisi the price at home of all the rest, which woi have been depressed below the lair market pri if this suqilus produce had remained to glut t hfime market. So that both the foreign and t home market are necessary for the full prosper of agriculture ; and commerce, navigation, a manufactures arc not her rivals, but her hat maids. It would be little better than suicide, agriculture to destroy manufactures at the instij: tion of commerce, and a most narrow minded a short sighted policy, for commerce to demand eu a sacrifice. We are now met by that raasim in politic economy, that the citizens of every nation shoi buy where they can the cheapest, und that no r tion should encourage the manufacture of any i tide at home, which can be bought cheaj>er abro; We are easily deceived by words ; that which nominally cheap, may be aclualli/ dear. The value of money is in piX)j)ortion to the d ficulty of acquiring it, and to the ipiantity of i necessaries of life which wc can purchase w any given sum. To the rich, everything is die; and to the poor, everything is dear. Rloney is valuable only as the medium of i change. If we wish to buy cloth, and have i thing but corn to buy it with, wc may cx'-han our corn for the cloth, without the aid of inon< if the person who has the cloth wishes for . corn ; ifllio owner of the cloth does not want corn, we must then sell our corn for money, : with the money ])urchuse the cloth ; and thus < have been able to exchange onr corn for clc through the medium of money. In this exchun he value of our corn to us, was the quanlit\ : quality of the cloih we obtained for it, wiili any reference to the quantity of money wo w obliged to use for the purpose of making the ■ change. If we should get more cloth for . corn than we expected, we should consider i cloth cheap, if less, dear, whether we bou. cheap, therefore, would depend u|)ou how we ^' If in one year, our corn should sell for :, cents a bushel, and in the next year fur one duii a bushel, yet if in tho first year, wc couM gi'i much of everything that wo wanted for the lil I,. cents, as in the next year for the one dollar, corn, though nominally dearer the second ye than the first, was in truth of the .same vulue. Tl greater or less money price of any commoiliiy what in generul estimation renders it dear cheap, but this is fallacious ; we must compai this price with the price of labor and other coi; modilies al the same time, and if it bear." tl the same relation to the price of labor and otlii commodities as il did formerly, it is Doitln more nor less cheap than it was (hen. The price, therefore, of what is offered lor sal whether dear or cheap, will depend upoo tl Vol. VIII.— No. 22. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 17S "111 ce of what we have to sell to enable us to * ke the exchange. The British luanufacturer y sell to ushis cloth at a price nominally cheaper il.n our own will comniand for several years to licome, and yet it may be actually cheaper for fanners to buy of our own manufacturei-s. If S )ay the British manufacturer, the farmer must his produce for a less price than he would be iiafiged to sell it in order to pay the American '•''ff nufacturer, he can as well afford to buy the do- exchange for them, and may entirely exclude them particular chonnels, aud that the greatest value of wished with Darwin, to take away all the wonder- annual product would be produced by suffering ful from the constructiveness of birds, and refer iudividual industry to pursue that course which j it, as men, to practice. Nonsense! There are the sagacity of the individual should find mo.st | creatures, the silkworm, for instance, which work profitable. That profound political economist had j once, and but once, and which could have had no no reference to the continuance of a system by instruction, which Great Britain would compel other nations to buy her manufactures and her colonial produce, whil.st she refuses to buy what they may desire to itic manufacture, if he pays no more for it n the difference which he obtains for his own duce under this system of encouragement, and '«i le pays less than this difference for the domes- "oii manufacture, he can better afford to buy it ; in frii sr words, it will be cheaper to him, though ra- '"^ 1 at a higher money price than the British nian- Ibture, if he bought it for a less quantity of his P«i luce. ait is one of the simplest proposition.s in political noiuy, that a nation can only buy in proportion fvhat it has to sell, and can sell to buy with. If tnnot sell its surplus produce, the nation is in "ill same situation in reference to what it wishes to 11 with it, as if it had no surplus produce. The nish nation, whilst in tlio full enjoyment of the es of South America, could buy British inanu- ures with the produce of those mines, though in was more prosperous when she manufac- ryi d for herself. But we have no means ofobtain- iraa the silver and gold which are necessary to buy ish manufactures, but by selling our produce, er to tlie British or to some other nation. Great il ain will not allow the produce of our grain iving slates to come into her home market in (petition with the productions of her own soil, ;ss under some peculiar circumstances which om occur; and the cry now is, that there is no 5t in navigation and foreign commerce, which i: 3 nuich as to say that there is no place abroad ID ;re we can carry our produce to a profit. IIow m 1 are the grain growing states to jiay for Bri- 0 manufactures? Does not the duty of self-i)re- 0 ration require that we should raise up manufac- ai irs among ourselves, who will consume tlie 1 dus produce of the firmer, and pay him with il r manufactures .' Tliis creation of the home I! ikct will raise the price of agricultural pro- e, and though the farmer may jjay a higlier linal price for domestic manufactures than he 1 for foreign, yet he may be a gainer by the ex- thougii he pays more money, he has 0 re money to pay with, and therefore he may II actually cheaper, and grow richer than when jave less and got less. It is not universally tru from her colonies. Nor did he suppose that other nations were to be regardless of their own resour- ces and industry, and while no respect was had to wliat they could produce at a less price than the manufacturers or farmers of England, except by an exclusion from the British market, they were to be deluded by the cry of cheap ! cheap ! and required to purchase whatever England might be willing to sell, at n ])rico intended to break down their infant manufactures and to render them sub- servient to the overwhelming influence of British capital and monopoly. The philosophic mind of this great man, contemplating the wealth of na- tioii.s, considered the whole human race as one family, and bound togetlier by the ties of com- merce and mutual interest \s one nation, pursuing, undirected and untramelled by human laws, that species of industry best adapted to their condition and climate, and freely interchanging with each other the produce of different countries and varied industry in a manner most conducive to the wel- fare and happiness of the whole. Such conside- rations, in such a mind, were well fitted to excite disgust at the petty contrivances by which the few were endeavoring to monopolize the i)rivilcges of the many, and nations, deceived by the representa- tions of the interested, were doing violence to the ordinances of nature, and striving to paralyze that industry it) other nations, which, under a different system, w'ould contribute to their own comfort and happiness. Great Britain has felt, and is now suf- fering under the evils of her system, which has taken so deep root that her wisest statesmen must despair of a remedy. Wliilst therefore Great Britain may be compelled to persevere in her sys- tem of commercial and municipal war against the industry of all other countries, other nations are compelled to adoj)! some measures of defence. And let not our statesmen be deceived by those beautiful theories which the statesmen of Great Britain would gladly recommend for our adoption, that their own condition may be ameliorated un- der a system which they dare not abandon, but which theories are no more applicable to the ])re- sent state of the commercial world than the Uto- Singular phenomenon. — Near the village of Kil- kee, on the western coast of Ireland, is a natural curiosity which I do not recollect to have seen any where mentioned by traveller.'^. It is called the " Puffing Hole," and consists of a cavern at the base of the cliff, the mouth of which opens on the xVtlantic, aud which after burrowing to a consider- able distance, runs up to the surface in a narrow neck, resembling at the top the mouth of a well, when the tremendous sea from abroad rolls in, it is as though the great body of water was forced into an inverted funnel, its impetus of course in- creasing as it ascends through the narrow neck until it reaches the upper opening or " Puffing- hole," through which il jets to an astonishing height into the air, sometimes several hundred feet, and then falls in vain on the mossy fields behind. No- thing can be more stupendous than the sight of this gigantic jet d'eau when the strong westerly wind sets in with force so as to completely block up the mouth of the cavern. il refiire that a nation should buy what it wants I pia of Plato to the present condition of man. those who will .sell it for the least money, but it (To he continued. uld buy what it wants of those who may ena- — it to sell what it has to the best advantage. Potatoes.— It is stated in the St Johnsbury (Vt.) iffhe maxim of the celebrated Adam Smith, that | Herald, that William Cobb, of Morgan, gathered should not manufacture at home, what we can ! '' '"^'^ ^'''"'t_ "^ ''"'<^e bushels, weighing one 1 cheaper abroad, was predicated upon the en- rtl freedom of trade between nations. Having )re him the system of monopoly and exclusion Bvhich the British farmer was obliged to buy clothing, furniture and implements of husband- I if the British manufacturer, and the British 1 lufacturer was obliged to buy his provisions of British farmer, though he might buy them iteper, if imported from other countries, he bted as to the policy of this system, and sup- d the nation would be more prosperous and Ipy if its industry were not thus forced into dred and eightyseven pounds, from one potato, planted the past spring. To prepare camphor without the use of alcohol. — Take two drachms of gum camphor, and the same quantity of quirk lime ; rub them well together ; then, putting this mixed powder into an earthen vessel, pour upon it six ounces of litne water. — Let it stand about thirty minutes for the grosser particles to settle. Then pour off the clear liquid into an earthen vessel, and you will have a strong solution of caui|ihor. "iTou will not find ihixt pun- gency in the smell, which you would if it were dissolved in alcohol, for the plain reason, that J9urc loater has not the pungent odor that spirituous liquors have. I know of no case where camphor is used in our families, where the lime connected with it can be of any injury. In fact, in most if not all cases, it will be a de- cided benefit. This mode of dissolving gum camphor has one decided advantage over that in common use. If camphor, dissolved in alcoholic liquors be mixed with water for use, as is frequently necessary, the gum immediately separates and sinks to the bot- tom, an inconvenience which is avoided by this method. In point of economy, likewise, the method above proposed has a decided advantasre. HERVEY N. PRESTON, M. D. JVewton, Mass. JVov. 9, 1829. Instinct. Blumenbach asserts the absolute blindness of instinct ; in short, instinct in all its usual senses. Birds of passage, kept in cages, with plenty of food, and in warm chambers, yet at the given season of migration, manifest the greatest restlessness and attejnpt to escape. Ca- nary birds, having the materials given them, build exactly like the wild one in the Canary Islands, although reared under other birds. Coudillacl CARD MAKING MACHINE. The invention of Mr Amos Whittemore, of West Cambridge, formed a new era in the me- chanical ingenuity of this country, and the real importance of the machine can hardly be esti- mated. As a piece of mechanism, it has never been excelled ; strips of smooth leather and rolls of wire are placed on one end of the apparatus, and the intricate process of cutting the leather to the exact size, and pricking the holes is jjerform- ed, while at the same moment the wire is cut, bent, and the teeth are inserted in their respective places ; the card then comes out, [icrfectly formed, and completely finished for immediate use, occu- pying but a few moments in the operation. 174 NEW ENGLAM) FARMER, Dcr, IS, ;<.2g. We heard llie oM gentleman a few nionths be- urruws liilling around him. The wounded horees where the potatoes arc wet and heavy thev fore bis death, while confined to his house by dis- j were seen alter an hour to drop dead ; and the turn, are but Hpuringly eaten, while the bread' ai ease, relati; tlie pnrticnlars of the ori^'in and com- soldiers died, swelled, and the blood i.'^suing pletion of his design, with an entliusiusm that every pore. Boo Khulooni, a Merchuiit General, would awaken youllilul ambition to exert itself in 1 under whose escort I)on Gudney and his party something more than u limited sphere, lie men- I had crossed the Desert, fell from his horse and tioned that three days as well as niglit.s, were con- , expired, by a slight wound in the foot by one of stantly devoted to the making and completion of those arrows, bis model, all of which was done in his own house, and the fear of losing sight of his plan, prevented everything like repose, Until it was com A DISCOVERY. Within these few weeks, a farmer, residing in pie.^d\'''ii.e'ori'ghmM,eVrescr^edam^^^ '"»'' discovcre.l a simple, but, as we his friends in his last days, as an evidence of in- '"'' '"forme.l, an effieacious plan ot .mprowug po- dustry, to stimulate the voung to perseverance ' |:"°"- The agriculturist keeps an ass lor the _ and exertion. For a num'ber of yca, s previous to • '.'S'''" i"^^ "^ =="■'"";«' ''"^ ""« ''">■ ^^•'"=" "'''^ If, for instance, one kind j ields 15 or 20 per cei his decease, he was feeble an.l iBu.l, debilitated, '"<"' "»« ""' J"^' at hand, a servant was ordered ,^^^ ,,,^_, ^,,^^,j^^ ^_^j .^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ \^^^^^^ and the trreat mental efforts and ilUonse and close I" •-■"' " 'l";'"'")' ''^ "'« f^*-"" *^*"'"« ["'I''*] /"'" « rpiality, that twice the quantity is used, it is .uo application he made in bringing the n.aehine t„ : P»>>i<;"l;»- 'l''". »"•), "t ""^^ «",";«/'=';«'.,":'-'.'"""" I prolitable to raise them than the others, l.tcau. meat have to make up the deficiency, (iood p. Uloes are universally liked, and, if every far was to be at all times supplied witli them, we satisfied, considering the various modes in whii lliey may be prepared for the table, at a iritlii expense, that they would furnish a murh great portion of the stistenance of our populaiidu llu they now do, and that, thereby, a considerable r duciion in the cost of living would be eHerted. In cultivating potatoes for the table, alihou) the productiveness of thu kind used is worthy consideration, yet ilisof but secondary impi.rtani perfection, impaired his eonstiuaion, and produced "^''.'-'J '''f ,"«^ operation could do little injury, as ,.^.^. ^^,^^ ,,,,^,_^,, j,_^, .^ ,,^^.j ,__^^^^^ _^ ^ The proceect of his ingenui- i '"= '"tended to d.g_tl.e potatoes next day for the | „^,,,^,y j,^ ^^,,,^,^. ^.^^,^ .^ ^,,^ ^.^,^^, ^,. ^_^,^^ a premature death. Ihc proc,.„..„ - —r, . , rr. . ,..^...., ...^ ....„.,. „. ty pro,luce.l him something, b.it his wealth was ' "f "' "'« ''""-'e- The on er was promptly obey- i f,„. ,^,,,j^,, .^ .^ substituted, far from being extensive, and little was left as the '''''=""' '^''"•"» «»">"«;y<='l « '« shavvs w.th the result of his arduous toil and intense mechanical S"^'° "'^ °" "I'"-'"'''^- ,^''°"S'' « "= «<='f ^,">' '""'' I the farmer was astonished next day at nndmg the soil on both sides of the drill, where the roots had research. — Berkshire American. -.Mais. Spy. Freeting quicksilrer. — It is slated by Professor ! t'ccndenuded of the slu^ws, much wetter than the Hansteen, that, .luring his tour in Siberia, in the I ot'n^'S and, on a close inspection, he discovered month of .January last, finding the mercury in two I tlia! tl>5 extra moisture had oozed out of the thermometers becoming stiif, he dfierniiiied to ; sbaws that remained in the ground. The pota- expose a ipiaiitity of it to the full effei-t of the air. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECE.MHKK H. !s2< I.'V Accordingly, at night, he iioured 3 lbs. into a basin, and set it out. The next rnoniing, before half past seven o'clock, it was frozen into a com- pact hard mass, which he could not loosen with his knife from the bottom of the basin ! He cut it like lead ; and, at first, as the knife came out of a warm room, the mercury was still rather fluid where it was cut ! It is certainly no slight testimony to the enthu- siasm with whieli, in these days, sciciilific results are pursued, to state, that in an atmosphere where mercury was thus frozen solid, the Professor daily passed the hour after sunrise, in making observa- tions and experiments in the open air. All tlio brass screws, however, of his instruments were covered with leather, as the mere touch of the finger to the naked metal scorched like a red hot iron, and invariably left a blister behind. — JV. Y. .Imerican. A VALUABLE BO Has just issued from the presM< or liir-n toes that had been previously laised had been so 'apon, and Carter & Ilendee, entitleil " The f> wet, soft, and unsavory, that they were unfit for P"' Housewife. Dedicated to those icho are i the market, but it apjieared that hewing away the i ""hamed of Economy. liy the Author of llobomt foliagc,had had the effect of draining off the extra'"-'^ /«' kitchen makcth a lean iriV/."— Franklin, moisture, and rendered them as dry, mealy, and | "/-'f'"''""!/ "« /""or man'jj rcre/iue ; (itraragaw nutritious, as the most enthusiastic admirer of r\ch man s rum murphies could desire. The experiment, we hear, has been since almost daily repeated, uniformly with the same success, and, if it be not already done, the farmer has it in contemplation to send a full detail of the discovery to Sir John Sinclair. — Edinburgh. Scotsman. The Poison Arrows of Africa. — Whatever i.s cal- culated to show the customs of distant countries, their manners, their utensils, or their arms, must be a subject of interest. The last travels of Major ! nals of domestic economy. Dcnham, and Capt. Clapperton, besides their dis- 1 that Ireland owes her rapid increase in po])ula coveries of countries in Central Africa, before un- tion, and that, it is, which enables her, on a terri known, have thrown a light on many subjects, of tory less than half the size of Virginia, to support POT-'\TOES. The discovery of America gave to the civilized world, in the potato, an acquisition of more im- portance than the possession of all her mines of silver and gold. The ease and facility with whieli this vegetable is jiroduced, the quantity which may be obtained on a comparatively small portion of land, and its valuable properties as an article of food, both for man and beast, are of so much importance, that the introduction of its culture may justly be considered as a new era in the an- It is to the potato which, formerly, we had but an obscure know- ledge. .Vmongst these the ))oisoii arrow stands prominent. By the accounts of Maj. Denham, it is a weapon, the slightest scratch of which is death ; nothing can exceed it, excepting the bite of a rattlesnake. Ulajor Denhain accompanied an expi.'dition of horse and fiiot armed with musketry, against the Feh-tahs, the bravest of the .\l'rican nations. The Feletalis are not of the negro race, but are of a bronze color, ami evidently of the Arab descent. The combatants met, and the con- test was very long doubtful ; the army of the as- sailants, priiici|iBlly on account of the cowardice of the Ilordou horse, were defeated, and the poi- soned arrows of tin- I'eletalis made great execu- tion. In the (light. Major Denham was frequeiit- seven millions of people, and annually to produce a considerable surplus of provisions for exporta- tion. Wherever the potato is used as a substitute for bread, at least one half the expense of that ar- ticle of food is saved. To increase its use, and to make it as much as jiossiblo a substitute for other kinds (if food, must, then, be an object worthy of more attention than it has, hitherto, received. We know of no means to do this, so certain, as that of improving the quality of potatoes, intended for the table, so that they shall bo preferred to other food. Every person of observation is aware of the fact, that when he ilines at a table where llu! potatoes are dry and farinaceous, so that a fork can hardly be put into them without causing them to fall in pieces, the bread lies neglected, The time has been, when the eye of econor rarely presumed to peer into the mysteries of t kitchen, the larder, and the refectory ; when t philosopher would consider himself as degrad . by any attention to culinary science, or those ar without which the most profuse cxjicndilure sen merely as a passport to domestic discomfort, a magnificent misery ; when men of learning a leisure, generally entertained sentiments similar those attributed to Archimedes by Plutarch, wl he says, " considered all attention to nicclmDi and every art that ministers to common uses as me and sordid, and placeil his whole delight in tht intellectual sjieculations, which, without any re tion to the necessities of life, have an intrinsic ) ccllence, arising from truth and demonstrati only." But the era has arrived in which i value of intellectual exertions and mental emai tioiis is estimated by their practical results, a the tangible and substantial benefits to which ih may give origin. A mere sketch of the contents of tlie " Fruf Houseirife" will be its best recommendation, wl we B.ssurc our readers that we believe the oi lines arc well filled, and that in every chapter, division, the directions given justify the promise its title. After an '' Introductory Chapter," relating things in general connected with domestic ccon| my, wn are prcsenteil with " Odd scraps i.m economical. Simple Remedies. VegeiabK- Herbs. Cheap Dye StulVs. Cheap couiu. , Cooking. Puddings. Cheap fakes. Che I Custards. Common Pics. Alamode Beef. Roi ' Pig," &c. &:c. The author observes that "The inforoK conveyed is of a coinmon kind ; but it la suet a majority of young housekceptra do not posst Jj in the most critical danger, hundreds of these ' and much less meat is calon in proportion. But, laud such as they cuniioi obtain from coott Vol. VIIL— No. 22. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 175 oks. Books of this kind have usually been itten for the wealthy : I have written for the or ! 1 have said nothing about rich cooking ; )se who can afford to be epicures will find the of information in the " Seventytive Receipts." ave attempted to teach how money can be erf, not how it can bts enjoyed. If any per.sons ik some of the maxims too rigidly economical, them inquire how the largest fortunes among been made." Vgain, " Economy is generally despised as a low ue, tending to make people ungenerous and isl). This is true of avarice ; but it is not so cononiy. The man, who is economical, is lay- up for himself the jiermanent power of being ful and generous, lie who thoughtlessly gives ly ten dollars, when he owes a hundred more can pay, deserves no praise ; he obeys a den impulse, more like instinct than reason : it Id be real charity to check this feeling ; be- se the good he does may be doubtful, while injury he does his family and creditors is cer- True economy is a careful treasurer in the ire of benevolence ; and where they are cd, respectability, prosperity, and peace will when it is of much superior quality to that of ordina- ry years ; the blossom end is wide, and very flat, so as to appear almost triangular in profile, diminishing suddenly at the crown, with a very long stem ; the skin is rough and green, with black clouds and some russet, the flesh is yellow, rich, buttery, and of a sprightly flavor. It ranks among the most estimable pears imported from France. The tree is vigorous, of large growth, and very fruitful. There is a pecu- liarity in this pear worthy of notice, the eye is very small, frequently naked, entirely without the flower leaf. It is requested by the Committee, that fruits may still be sent to the Hall as they ripen. To Correspondents. — We regret the necessity which obhges us to postpone to our next paper, an able ** Essay on the Canker worm/' by Gen. Dearborn, President of the Mas- sachusetts Horliculturiil Society. [ASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Ithoiigh the Saturday meetings for the show of las ceased, at the Society's Hall, the following 3 have been left at the above place for examina- rom Mr Jacob Ashton, (Salem) specimens of ouleuse pears. These pears are very fair and e, possessing all the fine qualities of this variety, tree from which the above pears were taken, is never to have blasted ; notwithstanding this we Id not recommend the cultivation of this variety, •om Mr John Prince, (Roxbury) specimeiis of Chatimontelle, Passe Colmar, Virgouleuse^'and lish Good Christian pears. The Chaumontelles large but rather dry and woody in the centre. ;e Colmars not in good perfection to judge ; Vir- cuse middling fair, but not in eating ; Spanish d Christians, a medium eating pear, fine for ng. rom S. Downer (Dorchester) specimens of large, [some, Yellow Winter Wardens (so called) hing 17 ounces. om Mr W. Worthington, (Dorchester) spcci- 3 of medium sized Yellow Winter Wardens. — variety is valuable for baking, and to preserve. tree is vigorous, a great and constant bearer. ora Mr S.Ward (Ro.xbury) specimens of a fair, !, striped red apple, said to be a seedling ; not in om Mr Jaques, (Charlestown) specimens of six of apples, large and very fair, red, and striped, g tliem was the Baldwin from the original tree, ora Mr Richards, (Dedham) specimens of Am- e pears, fair, and good sized for this variety ; in eating, superior, and good flavored, melting, nicy. We are informed they will keep a long in the soft state, improving in flavor. om Mr Seaver, (Roxbury) specimens of Mus- llemande or German Muscat pears. Thewriterof irticle* has observed Mr Seaver's tree, for the three or four years ; it bears constantly, full of fair pears, of a very superior kind ; the tree is ous, makes large and good wood. The fruit lever blasted since I knew them ; they appear iety worthy of cultivation. Mr Coxe gives a lescription of this pear, viz. " It is a very fine pear, ripening in November ; and in good ns continuing in perfection during the winter, Orange Trees, &fc. The Proprietor of the Linneau Botanic Garden, ofl'ers for sale, ihe following collection of beautiful Green House or Par- lor Plants, all of which are in the finest order : — Those marked thus * will be supplied at the following rates : One years' growth from inoculation, 2dollars. Two ' ' ' 3 ' Three ' ' of age for bearing, 3 ' and 50 cts. Those marked thus tare 53,50 each. Some of the kinds are tiiree, and others but one and two years' growth. Those marked thus + will be each ^o, and being quite new, are not at present large. oranges. Seville orange, or Bigarade. {St Salvador pyramidal shap- ed sweet seedless. {Portugal oval sweet do. t sweet seedless do. {Red cored Malta, or retj Por- " tugal do. {Chinese bigarade, or large myrtle leaved do. •Myrtle leaved do. small fruit. ''Small Mandarin do. with fruit size of cherries. tTangiers do. beautiful. fVery spiny. {Double flowering do. or Or- ange a fleur double. {Horned, or hermaphrodite do. *Curled leaved, or cluster flowering, richc depouille. {Turkey bigarade. "Gold striped do. •Silver ' •Silver striped curled leaved do. {Willow leaved do. ^West India sweet orange, or- anger a fruit doux. SHJ •Shaddock, or pampelmous, monstrous fruit. {French do. DDOCKS. {Fear shaped do. or poire du Commandeur. I.D] •Short Lisbon lemon, •Long Sicily do. {Poneirc do. or gros limon. {Incomparable do. fSwecl fruited do. {Pear shaped do. •Red fruited lemon, Palermo solid citron, or Limonier a fruit sanguii.c. {Mella rosa do, {Spanish do. or merveille d' Espagne. {Gold striped do. {Double flowering do. Limo- nier a fleurs doubles. [nrOrdcrs for any of the above plants received by J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52, North Mar- ket Street, Boston. {Fingered do. ♦.Madeira citron, or Cedratier. {Madras citron, has weighed in England 5 pounds (Large fruited do. orCitronier a gros fruit. {Side fruited do. or C'itronier a cotes. {Pointed do. of Florence. {West India lime. {.Sweet fruited do. *Bergamot lemon. { perette of St Do- flat Store. THE Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washington street, a first rate assortment of Hals, comprising all qualities, among which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends with confidence to the public, as being a superior article at tiio price. Also— Misses Black and Drab Beaver Bonnets, of the Latest London Fashion, elegantly trimmed. Nov. 20. 1FI8 STEPHEN W.OLNEY. Ade JVotice. ngcd man, about Go v<" of age, considerably gray, by the name of Elisha Sherman, dressed in a homespun over- coat rather old, with abroad brimmed hat, left his place of residence in Hanson, Mass. on Thursday, the 19th November. Whoever will give any information to the subscriber where he may be found, or.will assist him to return home, shall be suita- bly rewarded. JOSEPH HOBART. Hanson, Dec. 1, 1829. tf To Farmers. To be let, and entered upon the first of April next, a small farm, five miles from Boston Market, under good improvement, having good and convenient buildings, and well fenced. Also, to be solcl or exchanged for a farm in New England, or real es- tate in Boston, twelve hundred acres of good land in that pari of the state of Ohio called the Connecticut Reserve, in a town fast settling. Inquire at No. I Union-street, or this office, tf Nov. 13. Farm fVanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good affd convenient House, Barn, &c. sittiated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from sotue thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H," of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms offered, will receive immediate attention, Oct. 30, eptf PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot, first sort, - Pearl, first sort, - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. 1 , Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. l,new, CHEESE, Ibashel barrel Skii lilk. Potatoes for Seed. For sale at Ihe New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 62 North Markei-sl,, ' 25 bushels of the fine seedling potatoes mentioned by the Editor of th.^ New England Farmer, in the current volume p, 102, This is hut the fourth year from the ball ; they took the premium from the Essex Agricultural Society in 1827, (See Col, Pickering's Report, N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. page 93,)— they are represented by the person who raised them, as tolera- bly early, more than middling bearers, remarkably delicate and meally, size nearly round, color white, and have but very few protuberances. A good opportunity now ofiers to farmers to secure a superior variety of this iiiiportant vegetable for seetl. They are packed in bags of one bushel each, and are sold here at Ihe same price at which they readily sell by the person who raised them. viz. $2,12 cents'per bushel, including Ihe bag. Persons in want of them will please apply soon, as they are nearly all engaged. 3w Dec. 11. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for sale at Copeland's Ammunition Store, 65 Broad st, at retail Also SHOT, CAPS, &.C. of the best quality— cheap for cash. FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Genesee, - - - Rye, best, - . . . GRAIN, Corn, - . . . Rye, Barley, - - Oats, - . . . HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, LIME, PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, clear. Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orchard Grass, Fowl iMeadow, - Rye Grass, Tall Meadow (Jals Grass, - Red Top . - . . Lucerne, .... White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed. Merino, three fourths washed, Blerino, half blood. Merino, quarter washed, Native, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, first son PROYISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERT WEEK BY MR HAYWARD, ( Clerk of Fanmil-hatl Market.) FROM I TO 1 75! 2 25 125 00 130 CO 125 00; 130 00 1 00] 1 25 9 25 7 75 6 75 8 3 6 12 6 00 3 87 63 78 67 45 8 50 90 3 50 16 00 12 50 12 50 2 00 3 OD 3 00 400 3 00 1 OD .W 50 pound. 13 ■ 6 2 « barrel. 5 87 " 5 87 tt 3 62 bushel. 62 " 75 /< 40 pound. 8 00 cask. 85 ton. barrel. 15 00 << 12 00 *' 12 00 bushel. ;; 62 pound. 38 1 " 33 " 7 « 38 " 20 " 30 " 28 't 25 " 25 tt 36 tt 26 , " 30 BEEF, best pieces, PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, . MUTTON. .... POULTRY. . - . . BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pound. 8 « 6 it 2 tt 2 tt 5 tt 12 15 dozen. 16 bushel. <; 37 barrel. 1 60 10 18 22 18 1 00 70 ■Ut 2 00 176 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 18, 1829 MISCELLANIES. Mr Hale — As it is now so much more fashiona- ble for ladies to make poetry than puddings, I have feared that unless the tollowing were something be- side plain prose, it would receive no notice from your readers, although it possesses so much excel- lence of its own. — Boston Daibj Mvertistr. EVE'S PUDDING. Uyou want a good pudding, mind whal you are laught — Take of ugga six in number when l>ouglil fur a groai ; The fruit with wliicli Eve licr husband did coicn, Well pared and well choppeil, at least lialf u dozen ; Six ounces of bread, let -Moll eai the cruH, And crumble the rest as fine as the dusl ; Six ounces of currants Irom llie stem vou must sort. Lest jou break out your teeth, and spoil all the sport; Six ounces o( sugar won't make it too stweel, Some salt, and some nutmeg will make it complete; Three hours let it boil without any flutter, But AtiAM won't like it without v/ine and butter. seen. The SBin]dc \h lel'i at our otlice fur the gratification of those who wish to see it. — Charles- ton Courier. Good Mvice. — Be not always speaking of your- self. iioasc not. Do not cqiiivoeate. Attend to the ladies. Dread the character of an ill-bred man. Be reniurkahlo fur cleanliness of person. AvoitI old sayings and vulgarisms. Acquire a knowledge of the world. Praise delicately. Study tilt! foibles of mankind. Judge of others by yourself. Coiniiiaiid your temper and countenance. Beware of proffered friendship. Avoid noisy laughter. Strive to write well and grammatically. Neglect not an old acquuiiitnncc. Lose no time in transacting business. Be not frivolous. Study ilignified as well as pleasing manners. Adapt your conversation to the company. Praise not another at the expense of tho pre- sent company. Look people in the face when speaking. Interrupt no man's story. Reflect on no order of people. Suppose not yourself the object of ridicule. Avoiil debt. The reserve or shyness of men of sense, gene- rally confines them to small acquaintance, and tbey find numbers their avowed enemies, the si- milarity of whose taste, had fortune brought them once acquainted, would have rendered them their fondest friends. Massachusetts has less than one twentieth part of tho population of the United States, and yet of the college students, one in seven are her sons — three times her fair |iropurlion ! This is much to her credit. She stands at the hcail of tho con- federacy in regard to liberal education. Indeed no other state, except Connecticut, comes near her standard. BRIEF COKKESPtJNDENCE. The following corre.spondonce, which has been handed to us for publication, is said to have occur- red on Monday la.st. A dandy, wishing to inquire if a tailor would give him credit, for a coal, wrote thus: — City Hotel, Oct. 19, 1829. Sir — Coat on tick ? Please answer. Yours, J. D. THE REPLY. Monday, Oct. 19, 1829. Sir — It won't answer. Yours, C. W. [A*. Y. paper. Grtai Crops of Com. — The Editor of the 1» ware Advertiser oHered, in the spring, a prciii of twenty dollars to any one of the subscriber that paper, who should produce the greatest q tity of merchanlublo Indian corn, from one of ground. The premium has been awarde Jos. E. Muse, Esq. of Cambridge, Md., uhoTa the present season, from oiie acre of pru boinelliiiig better than one hundred butlie shelled corn. Eilward Lloyd, a verj' extensive farmer of hot county. Mil. has raised this year eightj thousand bushels of corn ; all of the best qua a much larger crop than has ever been raise the same farm. Near Edinburgb, a farmer who was troubled ; with rats, recently caught upwards of 400, by placing a large cop]ier kettle in a corn loft, filling it about half full of water, and strewing a thin sprinkling of chaff over it. By a few boards ex- I tending from the wall to the kettle, the rats could jump among what they took to be a fine lot of] grain, and died the death. I Application to business, attended with approba- tion and success, flatters and animates the mind ; which in idleness and inaction stagnates and pu- trifies. I would wish that every rational man would every night when he goes to bed, ask him- self this question, H'hat have 1 done today ? Have I done anything that can be of use to myself or others ? Have I employed my time, or have I squandered it ? Have I lived out the day, or have I dozed it away in sloth and laziness .' A think- ing being must be pleased or confouiidcil, accord- ing as be can answer himself these questions. — Chesterfield. On Ibe farm of Joseph Harlan, Esq. of El county, Md. is an apple tree which has prodi three crops this season ! A few days since tree was budding, and had the weather coti mild, would have been in blossom for the time ! Steam Carriages. — Wonders are recorded miracles anticipated tfom travelling steam en In a trial of spceil on a rail road, between l)ool and Blanchestcr, a steam carriage li loado^l, travelled at the rate of 28 miles per tor 32 miles, and still greater celerity is tair on with confidence. A writer for a I. Morning paper observes that " On railw.i\ down on the high road from London to Li\cr the mails dia«n by a light locomotive en might travel the distauce of 204 miles with f ty in 12 hours, carn'iug double their present plement of passengers : and this at a cost of not exceeding 10s. or scarcely one half penn mile, while 2.^ per mile »auld amply covert terest of c'lpitul fur engine-;, wate nply cover th ^ .T Stations, S ' licit Suf^iir. — .\ friend has presented us with a sample of Lcjnf Sugar, manulhctiircd in Franco, from the Beet root. In tliivoi-, it cannot bo dis- tinguished from Sugar made from ctHaVj ; but be- ing much lighter, jirobably it may not go so far in tho uses to which it may be applied. It is a beau- tiful sample, perfectly crystnllt/cd, and purely white. In (ipf)cnrnni-c, it is much superior to any iloublu iifiiied bUgar from cane we have ever TVie Influence of a Cup of Tea. — A cup of tea, though a small article and a cheap one, is capable of performing wonders. When the " liissing urn throws up a steamy column," fragrant with hyson, I powerful with imperial, strong with gunpowder, \ or black with bohca, it may be considered as a warning of the consequences to be e.\pected from i the wonder working beverage within. But when the cups have received it, when the sugar and j cream have softened ; in line, when rosy lips be- j gin to imiiibo the delicious draught, then look for ^ consetiuences. Father of IIo Whangi ! how does a cup of tea unloose, invigorate, nay, almost create, the faculty of speech ! Behold a spiritless, silent company, sitting in a semicircle, staring at one an- other, having thrice exhausted that almost inex- haustible topic, the weather, and despairing in what manner to introduce it a fourth time — in this sad, in this most uncomfortable dilemma, the sight of tho tea tray is better than a |)lank to a drown- ing man, or tho voice of pardon to a condemned criminal. Glance your eyes over tho company, and see how other eyes begin to sparkle ; tho solemn gloom disperses like mists briVirc the I morning sun. But no sooner have jiretty noses ( began to inhale tho fragrance, no sooner liiivo pretty lips began to sip tho delicious, tongue-in- spiring beverage, thon silenco is thrust asidt^ the 'weather banished from "good societv," and I tongues (as Virgil says about tho elm trees that bear apj)les,) begin to be astonished at fruits not their own. Wanted, •' An Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. An ligciit boy from the country would be prcforrod. ^ Inijuiro at fhe New England Farmer Olfice. ?' , Norll: Market Street. tf Oct^ JVew England Farmer^s Jilmanack for 1^3 Just published by Carter & IIksbee, cfr: School and Washington-streets, and by J. B. U' No. •"•,', North Market-street, the .\eie England / n .ilmnnatlifor IKill. By Tnosi.is G. KESSt.ini ■■. of the New England Farmer. This Almanack, it is tlioiight, will be found Ir. h pidernbly improved upon that of the preceiiiiiir Tho Astronomical calculations have been prcpin revised with grc-it care by a gentleman of this cit;. tides parljcularly noted — a complete Calendar Courts tof each state in New Eii^'lnntl, iiirhi.; Probate Courts cff JIassacluisctts — the :Suirs dec I — a table of Roads and tlistances from Boston, A ecventeen pasjes of miscellaneous articles, prin* upon .Agricnlturo and Gardening. Qj'Counlry traders and others supplied upon tin hbcral terms, by tho thousaJid, grocc, or dozen. Sept. IS. Gardening Business. Genilemcn in want of a couipeieni pcrwn to prune Vines. Kruil Trees, &c. arrnnsiehoi Inds. walks, or gni ses. pot plants, nrran;jn tlicni it) green houses, or. in ( business c<»nneciens on exposure to the air, they are attached to each other, and to ttie surfiice on which they are placed, and so firmly, that I found several clusters of eggs, on the twigs of apple trees, in November, which must have been deposited last spring or the preceding autumn, as the larva had escaped. I se:Kl you several of the insects male and female, aud various collections oftheeggson pieces of the bark cut from the trunk of the tree, on twigs, on the paper placed under those which I confined in glasses, and the chain above alluded to. Nos. 1, 2, 3, males. 4, ,.5 6, females, .which had not laid their eggs. 7, 8, 9, females which died after having laid their eggs. You will observe that they are very much redu- ced in size, and altered in form, so as not to re- semble, but partially, the other females. They lived only seven or eight days from the time they came out of the ground. The insects, like many others, take no food either in the winged or chrysalis state, but in the larvai arc voracious. After the canker worms have grown to the full size, they descend, by a very delicate fibre, like that of the spider, and enter the earth, to the depth of three or four inches, where they change to the chrysalis state, and remain until the last of October, or the following spring, when the jierfect insects appear and commence the process of pro- pagating their species. The females are apterous, or wingless; but being furnished with six legs, they ascend the trees with considerable facility, and seek positions near the extremities of the small branches for placing their eggs. The males, most generally, are seen crawling up among the females, at the same time fluttering their wings to aid their movements, and occasionally taking high and dis- tant flights. It appeared to mc, that the jiroportion of males to the females was less this autumn than last spring. The wings of some of the males are white, and of others a dark ash color, while a iiortion of the larva; arc green, and others nearly black. Does the color of the larvie designate the future sex, or the dark aud light colored males ? As to the bast mode of |ireventing the ravages of this most r'estructive insect, 1 am unable to de- cide. Tarring the trees is certainjy effectual, if thoroughly done, in the autumn and spring. J. Lowell, I'.sq. to whom we are indebted for much useful information on all the branches of rural economy, thinks lime a perfect remedy. His mode of applying it, besides destroying the larva; of the canker worm, is highly beneficial to the trees. Extracts from Jiis excellent communica- tion, first piiblisljed in the third volume of the Mas- sachusetts Agricullural Journal, are to be found in the 3d volume of the New England Parmer. Dr Spofford, in his letter to you, which was published in the 4th volume of the New England Farmer, page 378, represents the application of the mercurial ointment, commonly called Uiiguen- tum, as a complete barrier to the ascent of the grubs, or females. It is spread ow strips of woollen cloth, or list, which are bound round the trees. There rirc numerous other tiiodes which have claimed .■.j''-.Jtiiiii ; but thf lust J- the most simple, and if, from multiplied experiments, it should be found to be effeclual, it will take precedence, as it is not very expensive, can be easily applied, and does not require to be renewed for the season. We have four most troublesome and destructive enemies to encounter in our orchards: — the Borer, which fells the trees ; the Canker worm, and Ca- terpillar, which devour the leaves, and the Curcu- lio, which preys upon the fruit. All are formida- ble, but the last appears to bid defiance to the war- fare of the cultivator ; still it is hojied, that some method will yet be discovered to destroy them that of Dr Tilton is deserving of attention, and, if faithfully adhered to, will at least diminish the immber, and may ultimately exterminate the race. Very respectfally, your most odedient servant. Brinley Place, ) U. A. S. DEARBORN. Dee. 14, 1829. / POTATOES USED IN BREAD. Mr Fessenden — I liave often seen in your most valuable paper, potatoes recommended as an ingredient for bread, and in corroboration of the same, I can assure your readers and the public that while a resident for 10 years in one of the West India Islands, I vifas in the constant habit of using wheat bread, one third jiotatoes, (the same as we raise in this country,) as the person, my next door neighbor, assured me in confidence ; and so much was it preferred, that it was taken at the oven, as fast as it was finished, in prefercnco to that furnished at the door by the regular bakers. There would certainly be a great saving in the use of lliem, as a barrel of potatoes is not one sixth that of flour in jirice, and they would not NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 25, 1S29. — — ^ ,i„ ,u,,rp,liiioii of thisl !-o £lrorig and liealtliy, iior flower so well ns i Srr ao^ht S^ ' if any ..aker i„ ..-..on woul.l , ^;:::;rl,lrZ,:!;::^:i;fL,.„^ l-onnaLco re- I Oecly in sand under a bell ,1a... M. l.y,er.c,. INFORMATION WANTKD. Mn K»s3K>nr.N — V friend of niiini lius n large „,cudow ; nciMly l.alf ..f it is, in r. spcct to so.l, a ricli, dark loatn, caiml.li', I presume, of producing potatoes, nu.x, or hen.p. Tlio re.ni.iM.lcr of the meadow, i.-, uerliaps, wluit may l)c tmncd a peat soil. It is, at least, mostly formed of a Idack, well rotted vegetable matter, and is fmni four to six or rOR THK «IW ENGLAKD KABMKK CULTIVATION OF KXOTIC PLANTS, &c. ( Continued from page \10.) _ _ _^ _ ^ ^ Bnnkgia paludosa. o. 5. Jan. Ap. ycl. ^'^■'>- ^r. f^^\j"u*', loam, or loam ans ri'""" '| ;>v7«ij:arts of peat, j fo the Puhlishing Commillee of iKt Matsaehu eight feet deep. Over it, a cart and oxen can pass , ^^_^l^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^,^^^1,^, ,,g „.pi| ,i,.„ined. I Horticultural Society. without much, if any inconvenience. Still, there , ^y^n' ^.j ,p,j ruttings, taken off at n joint, and | Ge.iti-kme.n— .Much attention appears to b. in in it, a sufficiency of moisture. Tins meadow ^ ,^^^^^^ shallow in pots of eand without shortening | reeled to our native grnpeo. It therefore bcr. is, a.s yet, in a great measure, in an "'"=""'^^'^"| | ,,,e ie„vc» will root readilv. important to elucidate the nomenclature of stale. But my friend wishes, if no more, to seed , ^^^^^^jj^,,; ;<,^ ^ ,n. May, July, while. 180.5. species, varieties, and hybrids, and 6x it u|)0 it rlown with some suitable kind or kinds ot grass. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^ Hollanci, grown In sandy I permanent scientific basis, a duty wliirh it is I With respect to the lo.nm soil, he ''■'"'""•'""'" | p„, Cuttin"« root freely in sand under a hand j hoped will be immediately undertaken by coi in regard to what kind of grass seed to use. But ^ I _ ' ^ = | ,^_^, i,„,„nlst«. tent botanists. Of 13 known species of grapevine, six arc lives of the United States, and one more is sa 111 i^^tiiii I" .. - -- n he would be glad to learn from you, or from some , ^••--^ ^^^ of your intelligent readers, whether there '« ""7 P'"'''™ ^^^s «• 2.^March,'juiy. white. 1750 ^ kind of cultivated grass that will irrow on this oppositifoha. e. 3. ' ' ' ,' ! be common to the East and West Indies. It peat, or vegetable .soil ? And if there is, what is the \ ]ia,„isome Cajie shrubs, bearing a generalre-1^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^,^,^^_. ^^^^^^^^ ^,. ^,,^ Ameriran v best and surest kind ? Moreover, this meadow has, i ,„,„i,i„„ce to heaths, but with larger leaves. 1 he | ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^^^j^ coiifu>ion, which might bi for some vcars pa.sl,bcen flowed a p,-.rtof the year, flo^vgrs are in corymbs at the ends of the branches /. ., ■"-.-c. .c_ ...-.11 o.,.1 I, o tl, lilies nf linvinrr U» _■. -..i^^ := ..oo.Mii- ilie llotfcntots to SCCJlt tin for some vcars pa.sl,bcon flowed a p,-.rtof the year, flo^vers are in corymbs at the ends of the branches.] ^.^^^^ designating them oiilv bv their coi for the benefit of a mill, and he thinks of having ] jj ericoides is used by the llotrei.tols to S'^'^" ""= i ,^ipn,ifie nnn.e.K, with the addition of some cl ■. a 1 ..- I «.. ,w.t ^i-oii /liiriii-' ilie winter 1 _•. » ...wi, »i-Iiii»li ilmv niioiiit their skms. Ciil-I . ., ._..__ , .i_ • „ „r„.i it flowel them quite sound in February. But that yyhicli renders tliein S(f eminently useful for gar- den culiivntion, is, they never fail to prove an ef- fectual briljo for the yellow bug which so often destroys our eaily planted cucumber and melon iddpiH. This squash has a very large and succulent longifolia. e. 7. July, Sept. purple. 180U mucronifolia. e. ' Dec. white. 1803. Plants from the Cape of Good Hope, which re ,', quire to be grown in a soil composed of light turfy • ''0-1. ■ _ 1 . -.1 1 .!.„.. ., tv,;r,i ^rf.,o ' loam, mixed yvith rather more than a third of f ne sand, to be yvell drained, and water given with .'i-cat regularity. Ripened cuttings, iilanted thinly in pots of sand, will root under a hand which must be often raiscil to give them air. Zieria smithii. e. 2. Ap. July, white. 1808. A pretty plant from New South Wales, which is I'l-oyvn in sandy peat, and increased by cuttings. Sttuthiola ciliata. e. 2. April, Aug. white. 1770. imbricata. c. 2. * ' yellow. 17i14. ovata. 0. 2. Feb. Juno, yvhito. 1702. crecta. o. U. Ap. Sept. white. H'-K virgata. e.2. Ap. .\ug. crimeon. 1770. ^^ These are slender, hardy green house plants, , ^. from the Cape of Good Hope, of pretty appear- ance and easy cullivation. Melaleuca viridiflora. e. lO.IMay. green. 1798.N.S.Wnjos. stypheloidca. c. 4.May. Juno.criinson. 1703. N. S. Wales. Ihyniifolia. c. 2. June, Sept. purple. 1702 do i (Iscussata. c. 4. July, Sept ' '-'"'' '""" HolL-md. frlnbifera. o. 4. ' ' crimson. • no. iyporicifolia. c. 3. Juno, Aug. scarlet. I7!>2. I N.S. Wales. linariifolia. o.3. Juno, Aug. purple. 1703. do. IJeautiful .Australasian plants, which crow and seed leaf, and if their seeds are planted liberuuy i nriuniiui .lur.iiiiin^ii.ii r -, ■■ n with the cucumber ami melon, the insect prefers flower freely in equal parts of sandy loam and peat, ^ i- .1 ...1 ...-.11 ...1..11.. 1. ... .i.^ with common green house treatment. Some rul- fecding upon them and will wholly negli ct the tther. I'l.r .T nundiir rif years past. I have protected livalor.-t grow tliein entirely in peat, in which llicy will do very well for n lime, but they will not bo parentage mcst exactly, where the hybrid wat product of art ; and w here it was accidenta' experienced botanist wouKI probably be abl detect some of the characters of the parcn their oflspring, and taking other circiimstunci- into consi.leration, be .able to establish the o and name with tolerable accuracy. I ^ I PiRsii says, that "there is a variety of the "'^^' i lairiisra, with white berries, called Bland's gra from which it would appear that he detected characters of the labnisea in Bland's grape, a cumstance which, though conclusive as ii ■American origin, docs not necessarily prccluib probability of its being a hybrid from the uni' the foreign with the native species. All the .American species usually bear male female or barren and fertile flowers on ililVi vines. The female vines must be fertilized by pollen of the males, and ibis impregnation is el ed when the vines are not contiguous, by aecii OS the direction of th^ winds, or the visita' of insects. In this way hybrids may he prod I. i/^'i ui.. without the intervention of art, merely by 1>'03. Ncyv contiguity or accidental union of diflcreiU spe Mr NlTTAi.1. says, "it is probable that hy between the Eiirrpean vino and those id' the ted States, would belter answer the variabk mates of North .America than the uimccliin vine of Europe. When a poriion of the sii diislry shall have been bestoweil upon the ml tioii of the iinlivi' vines of .America, as that w has for so many ages, and by so many imt been devoted to the ainoliorotion of the Tifij ra, we can no longer imagine tlie citizens of the !c|uence of the inability to carry it beyond a cer niteil Stales indebted to Europe for the luxury of tain point. inc. It is not however in the wilds of uncultivated ittirc that we are to obtain vines wortljy of cul- 'ation ; it is from seed that new and valuable va- ties" (hybrids ?) " are invariably tobe obtained." also thinks that the 'variety of one of our na- species cultivated under the name of BlaniVs ape may be a hybrid,' a ri;cunistance which is 10 stated by Mr Couk, on the autlioiity of Mr RU. Tlic .Muscadine, according to Sir J. E. Smith, Another set of specimens to wliich Mr Pursli hud free access, was that belonging to Mr Ensley, a Gorman naturalist, who had been sent out to America by Prince Lichtenstein. It was particu- larly rich in the vegetable productions of Lower Louisiana and Georgia. Thus, by Mr I'ursh's personal exertions and in- dustry, and by the aid of other botanists, he foimd himself, about the year 1807, in possession of ma- terials for a Flora,of North America, amounting the same as the BiUlace grape, and this latter is I to nearly double the number of species enmnera- lled Vilis rolundijolia by Michaux and Pursh. ted by Michanx. He began seriously to think of Professor IIentz, of Chapel Hill, North Oaroli- |Hiblishing them, and applied to some bookseller in Philadeli)hia for that purpose ; but his intention was deferred in consequence of his being called upon to take the management of the public Bo- tanic Garden at New York, originally established by Dr David Ilosack, and his private property. — j Here, again, keeping his favorite object resjiecting .the publication of a Flora in view, he had the op-j 3, that " the grapes usually are produced singly, portnnity of adding fm-ther to his knowledge of informs me that the Scuppernong, common in amps near Newbern, " is a mere variety of the iscadine of the Southern States." " It extends jrmously growing indefinitely, provided you jport it, and the branches do not require cropr Professor IIentz was told that four vines re enough for one acre of ground. He further Jom in clusters, though he has seen seven or uhe plants of thS United Stales, and of obtainin; ht in one bunch. The wood is peculiar, and ike that of other vines, much more, iiard compact, and in more slender and shorter s. The bark of young branches is of a pale ienish ash color, does not scale off, but is near- smooth, or slightly rugose." He thinks the it will not mature here, as Mr Adlum was un- cessful in obtaining it. The preceding observations are presented you Vol.VHL— N... 23- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 179 stiil greater assistance, particularly from M. Le Conte of Georgia, and from the estimable Profes- sor Peck,* of New Cambiidge University. The writer then states the causes which led to the publication of the Flora Americce Seplentriona- les, or a Systematic .'Vrrangement and Description of tlie Plants of North America, by Prof. Pnrsli, which appeared in London in the year 1813, with 24 well executed plates of new species, in 2 vols, atlemen, with the hope that, through your en-!8vo. and continues ; iragement, our botanists tnay be stimulated to In the year 1814, there appealed in America, estigate critically the most esteemed American i printed at Boston, the Florida Bostoniensis, or a pes, with the view of assigning to them, cor- Collection of Plants of Boston, and its Environs, t specific names, and establishing a nomencla-^ by Jacob Bigelovv, M. D. in 1 vol. Svo. It is in 3 for hybrids and varieties. With much respect, your humble servant. H. ON THE BOTANY OP AMERICA. ■acts from an article, wriuen by William Jackson ooKEK, l.L. D., F. R. S. K., and published in Dr Brew. ^dinburgli Journal ot" Science. n 1802, Mr Pursh had the charge of the ex- iive gardens of VV. Hamilton, Esq. called the odlands, [near Philadelphia] which having im- liately previous, been under the charge of Mr n, an Englishman, and an eminent collector, e founil to be enriched with a number of new valuable plants ; and Mr Pursh aflirms, that )ugh Mr Lyon's means, more rare and novel Its have been introduced from thence to Eu- 3 than through any other channel whatever. — herbarium, as well as the living collection of Lyou was of great use to Mr Pursh ; and the ts described by hiin, for specimens seen only iiat herbarium arc numerous, he interesting e.\pedition of Messrs Lewis & " -ke, across the vast continent of America to Pacific Ocean, by the way of the Missouri and at Columbia rivers, was productive of a small ection of about 150 species of plants, (but of ch not a dozen were in-eviously known to the ves of America,) which Mr Pursh had the oji- unity of describing. These were gathered ng the rapid return of the expedition from the "fific Ocean towards the United States. A far e extensive herbarium had been formed by same expedition on the ascent towards the ky Mountains, and among the chains of the thern Andes ; but this was lost, in conse- English, and strictly arranged according to the Linnfean system. It was destined principally for the use of the students in Botany ; and the plants described therein were all collected in two sea- sons, in the immediate vicinity of Boston, or with- in a circuit of from five to ten miles ; and although very few new species are added, the nundicr of individuals is very considerable for so limited a space. During the year 1816, accompanied by our valued friend Dr Francis Boott, Dr Bigelow examined the botany of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, and published an account of it in the New England Journal of Medicine and Sur- gery for that year. This w'as one among many other journeys made by these gentlemen in the New England States, with a view to the publication of a Flora of that Distric.i. The design, however, has been relinquished, and the principal cause, since it has arisen from Dr Boon's naturalization among us we ought not to regret. Science, how- ever, has been a suS'erer; for, from our personal knowledge of this gentleman, we are satisfied that "•We recollect when, many years ago, this gentleman did us the honor of a visit in England. He mentioned that his taste for natural history was induced by an (7^- perfect copy of Linnasus's Syslr.ma JVatura:, a work then scarcely known in America, and which he obtained from the wreck of a sliip, which was lost near the spot where he resided. Professor Peck afterwards became eminent, particularly for his knowledge of insects ; and his com- munications to our great entomologist, the Rev. Mr Kirby, are highly valuable. Many of these were pub- lished by Mr Kirby, in the Transactions of the Linniean Society, and amongst them the curious Xenos Pecftii,a.n insect which inhabits the abdomen of the Wasp. Another insect nearly allied to this is the Slylops MaliUi, o? Mr Kirby's Monogrnphia Jipum Angli(c, and which inhabits the same situation in the body of the Honey Bee. I ho would have been a most able and zealous co- ! adjntor in such an uudcitaking. A very extensive Election of the (ilants of that country has been liberally presented to us by Dr Boott, which has satisfied us, that in the art of preserving speci- mens, no one has ever exceeded, or perhaps ever equallcti him ; and the names are very frequently accompanied by valuable notes. It is delightful to see a man of the talents and rank in life of Mr Elliott, of Charleston, the ex- cellent President of the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, deeply engaged in im- portant public affairs, yet cheerfully devoting his leisure hours to the promotion of the arts and of science, and actually engaged in publishing a Flora, under the u ias^u:ning title of a Sketch of the Flora of Scu'h Carolina and Georgia, which he commenced i 1 1816. This is arranged according to the Linnsean system, having specific charac- ters, both in Latin and in English, and very copious notes atul descriptions. A work thus conducted cannot fail to be of great importance to the student of American botany ; the more so since the au- thor has written from his own personal observa- tion, depending little upon the assistance of others, and in a capital where science has not been so much cultivated as in the Northern States. In a letter now before us the author says, "no one in Europe can probably appreciate correctly the difficulty of the task in which I have engaged. The want of books, the want of oi)portunities for examining living collections or good herbaria, the want of coadjutors have all served to render my task arduous, and to multiply its imperfections." Nevertheless, there are many new species, des- cribed with great care and fidelity, and the grasses^ which are accompanied with some neat plates have particularly attracted the author's attention. There are several beautiful novel species, and some newly estaljllsneu genera. We have re- ceived of this work to the 6th No. of the 2d vol. which includes so far as the class Moneecia ; and we are informed by Mr Elliott that another num- ber will complete the fiketch. This we regret, as the work cannot thus take in the C'ryptogama ; and we consider Mr Elliott's talent for minute de- scription admirably calculated for such plants as that class embraces. No man seems more sti'ong- ly impressed with the value of the study of natu- ral history than Mr Elliott. It has been for manj' years," says he, " the occupation of my leisure moments ; it is a merited tribute to say, that it has lightened for me many a heavy, and smoothed many a rugged hour ; that beguiled by its charms, I have found no road rough or difiicult, no journey tedious, no conntry desolate or barren ; in solitude never solitary, in a desert never without employ- ment. I have found it a relief from the languor of idleness, the pressure of business, and from the iin:\voidable calamities of life." (7^0 be continued.) QIJERY^ Mk I'ksse.nden — We have understood that houses, on a cheap jilan, for forcing the Vine, are in use in the neighborhood of Boston. Would some of your correspondents tell us how these houses are constructed, &c. ? J. L. York, Pa. Dec. 17, 1829. The Trustees of the Gardner Lyceum havs offered a premium of Fifty Dollars to the person who sliould raise, in the State of Maine, water rot, and prepare for use, the best quality of Hemp, not less than 600 lbs. 180 NEW ENGLAM) FAUMEK, Dec. 25, 1&29. JUDOK PITMAN'S ADDRKSS. ConiinutJ from page 172. Great Kritaiii tVils the evils ofn sy>;ein that has entailed iiiiori lier a .state of paujicrism v.liicli it is imiiifiil to contemplate. And how slioiild it he otherwise ? She wishes to nianufucliire for the world ; it is not the supply of her own wants hut the wants of other nations that must give enii>loyincnt to her innnense capital and numerous nianufac-, turers ; a change in a foreign market riiluccs thou- sands to idleness and beggary. And how is it with the necessaries of life? Is she that wislics to clothe the worlil, willing that the world should feed her in return ? If she were, her poorest nianufaeturcrs might enjoy n competency, and other nations b: thus enabled to employ them. On the contrary, the price of bread is cnhanc(!il by monopoly that ]ircvcnls the agriculture of other countries from coming in competition with the a^'riculturc of Great Britain, mitil a scarcity is apprehended that may afTecl, not merely the pauper or half starved maimfactmer, but the rich man. How is it with our own country r The extent of Great Britain anil Ireland is about one hundred and twenty thousand square miles, and they arc north of the fiftietli degree of north latitude. The extent of the United States and their territory is two millions of scpiare miles ; they are soutli of the fifiieth degree of north latitude, and nearly touch, at their extreme south, the tropic of Cancer, and in their longitude arc bount'ed on the cast by the Atl;uuic, and on the west by the Tacific Ocean. Wo liave a country, therefore, of great extent, and possessing every variety of climate ami production. Can we fear that our manufactures will so extend, that after glutting the home mar- ket we shall require a foreign market to kecj) our manufacturers from starvation? The extent of our couiitrv.lhc faciliiiis iifTiiiilr/1 «<>. onricnliural is more jirofitablc than the raising of grain. The great nuirkit for this cotton is ICtiglund, and they are therefore cotmected with England by stronger tics of interist than the grain growing states, and inoy be disposed to jirefer Brili.ih to domestic manu- factures, f<;aring perhajis that Great Britain may refuse to buy our cotton if we refuse to buy her maiiufartures. If, in addition to this fear for their great staple, our southern brethren fear that they may be t.ixed for our benefit, in being obliged to buy their clothing at a dearer rate, we cannot so much woniler at the excitement which has been produced among them, though we trust that even these considerations will not make them forget the great interests which bind them to the 1,'nion. And it would not be .surprising if those foreign inte- rests which are to be ofli;cted by our protection of American manufactures, should be busy in ex- citing these fears, and promoting a spirit of hos- tility iu the south against the manufactures of the middle and norlliern states, that their own manu- factures may find a jireference should they be able to prostrate or evade the laws of the union. We may rely however with confidence upon the tried patriotism of the south, and neeil not fear that she will he di.sposed to wear again the chains of Bri- tish colonial servitude, after having broken them at an expense of so nnich blood and treasure. And as little need we fear that our southern breth- ren will jiut injeojjardy that imion on which their safety and happiness so much depend; but after the [jrcscnt excitement has passed away, \vc trust they will perceive their own interest will be idti- mately promoted by developing the resources, and encouraging the industry of every portion of our great and growing republic. The encouragement which has been afforded our cotton manufacture has proved a common benefit ; it has secured our growers of cotton an imjiortant home market, labor in the possession and cultivation of a fruitful whilst they are enabled to i)urchase their cotton soil, the moral certainty that under any system of cloth at a reduced price, and though they may not oncouragctncHt, our agricultural must always ex- ceed our manufacturing industry, and insure a sur- plus of the necessaries of life, forbid such an ap- prehension. We arc in truth a world in and by ourselves, and there is little or no analogy between such a country and that of Great Britain, could she even be relieved from all the evils incident to her immense debt, her great military and naval cslab- lishincnts, and to the form of her government, ci- vil and ecclebiastical. The fear, however, seems to be, nut that we shall manufacture so much as to be able to enter into successful com])ctition with Great Britain in foreign marUets, but that we shall not be able to supply the home market, and there- fore nuist dcpen(l upon British industry. Kxpcri- cnce will instruct us so nmcli better on this point than anything which I can,say, that I am willing to wait for her inslruirtion, being satisfied that a liome market tmist he created for our agriculture, and that having accomplished so much, our capi- tal and inilustry, with cotnpctcnt |>rotection, will be able to accomplish much more. It cannot ho disguised, however, thtit there is u portion mpose of procuring a repeal of the obnoxious law, it may assume a did'erent asjicct, though still of very questionable wisdom. If, however, it is intended as a permanent system, nhould this statute be ])er- manent, it is liable to one of the objections urgeil against this statute, viz. : — that it is forcing indus- try into unprofitable chamiels, and compelling us to manufacture what we can buy to belter advan- tage. This self adopted system, wouhl compel the citizens of the south to manufiicturc fi)r ihcm- selvcs, though their industry could be tnucli more pi'ofitably cmployeil in agriculture, and their wants supplied with jirofit to themselves, by the nuuin- faciuring industry of the middle and norlliern stales. But it is the spirit of this system whiih 1 deprecate, if it is persevered in it nmy produce re- taliatory ennd>inations, and generate a spirit of hostility between the grain growing and cutloii growing stales, which may loud to disunion, und x^ J r^ the same hostile spirit which leads to disunion mi t- lead to war, and thai of the fiercest kind, the co: t he(|uences of which we ought not to think w ithoi.t horror. Let us listen to the language of Wasbingion. dressed to us with oil the solicitude of a fallici his children. '• You have in a cotnninn cause fought and ti < umi>lied together ; l^o independence and hher you po.sscss are the work of joint counsels, al joint efforts, of common dangers, suffering, ai successes. '• But these considerations, however jHUVcrfi!. they address themselves to your scnsibilty, .i greatly outweighed by those which apply more ii mediately to your interest. Here every portion our country finds the most commanding i:ioii\ for carefully guarding and |)reserving the union the whole." — "The north in an unreslrnined iiiK course with the south, j)rotccted by the equal la' of a common govcrnriient, finds in the productions the latter ailditional sources of maritime and cui mercial enterprise, and precious materials of ina ufacturing industry. The South, in the same i tercoursp, benefiting by the ogency of the Nor sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expai Turning partly into its own channels the scam of the North, it finds il5 particular navigation j vigoratcd ; and while it contributes, in differc ways, to nourish and increase the general mass the national navigulion, it looks forward to the pi teclioii of a maritime strength to which itself unequally adapted. The East, in a like inli 'course with the West, already finds, and in t progressive improvements of interior communii lion, by land and water, will more and more fi a valuable vent for the commodities which it bu from abroad, or manvfacturta al home. The W derives from the East, supplies requisite to growth and comfort, and, what is of still grea consecpicnce, it must, of necessity, owe ili'- .-eci e:ijo\ment of indispensable outlets for its i »ri p ductions, to the weight, infiuencc and the I'uti inarilime strength of the Atlantic siile of i union, directed by an indissoluble communitv interest as one tinftoii. .Any other tenure by w I the west can hold this essential advantage, wheil derived from its own separate strength, or from aposlate und unnatural connexion with anv reign power, must be intrinsically precarious." " While then every portion of our countrv ll feels an immediate and jiecnliar interest in nni all the pans combined camiot fail to fiud, m t united mass^ of means and eflorls greater strenp greater resource, proportionably greater scrui from external danger, a less frequeut inlerrupti of their peace by foreign nations; and what is inestimable value, they must derive from union exemption from ihc hi oils and wars between the * selves, which so frequently afflict neighboring coi tries not tied together by the .same governmc which their own rivalships alone would be su' cient to produce, but which opposite foreign a ances, allachmenis and intrigues would siiuuih and embitter. Hence, likewise, ihey will avi the neces.siiy of overgrown military establishinei which under any form of government are inaus riousio liberly, and which are to be regarded particulnrly hostile to republiran iiberty. In ll sense it is, ihal your union oughi to he considi ed as a main prop of your liberty, and that the lo of the one ought lo endear lo miu the prescn tion of the other. ^ol. VIII.— No. •23. hese covisidertioiis speak a persuasive Ian ;e to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and Ibit the co'utinnaiico of tlic union as a primary ct of jiatriotio desire." will not apologize for the length of tliis cx- froni an address so pregnant with political oni, and to which this great and good man ex- sed a hope tliat his countrymen might "now then recm- to moderate the fury of party spi- o warn against the mischiefs of foreign in- le, and to guard against the impostures of pre- ed patriotism." gladly now (piit the political arena, and turn to 3ine iipon w Inch there ai'e no heart burnuigs alousics, no local or sectional animosities, but ousand considerations to unite all our hearts, ther inhabiting the JVnrth or South, the East ov «i !, in gratitude "to God for having given us a II 'so enriched by the blessings of Agriculture. 3 also wc have the bright examples of our ihinston, who, » first in war, first in peace, and in tlie hearts of his countrymen," yet sighed he pleasures of rural retirement, an l^^'t wlili'h is then coursiug through our veins. Are the internal organs of the body a jirey to wasting inflammation, as in the hectic fever of consumption. There is a sensa- tion of burning heat in the feet. Is the body feeble, and the stomach unable to perform its di- ;estive functions. These parts are habitually hour. rins IS a lorce greater mail tiiai CA011C14 .jj gciii>>- .....v.u,v..,.^. ......0.^ ^„...^ „.,, j a common cart horse, which is not estimated at | cold. In both health. and disease there is a con- more than 70 pounds ; that is to say, that a horse slant sympathy between the feet and the different Manifold properties of the Elder Tree.— The El- r tree, says Miss Kent, in a"ii article in the ' Ma- zine of Natural History,' does as much good by noxious, as by its agreeable qualities. If corn other vegetables be smartly whipped with the anches, they will communicate a suflicient por- ,n of this scent to keep oflf the insects by which many plants are frequently blighted. An infu- )U of the leaves, poured over plants, will pre- rre them from caterpillars also. The wine made om the berries, is well known ; but, perhaps, it harnessed to a cart, weighing with its load 40 cwt. or two tons, and drawing on a level road at the rate of four miles an hour, makes use of the same force as if his traces, instead of being fas- tened to a cart, were passed over a puUy and lifted perpendicularly a weight of 70 pounds. Jl Further Improvement in Locomotive Engines. — The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company have received letters from England, stating, that great and very valuable improvements have been made by Mr VVinans, an American, in locomotive steam engines. Ho makes them of any weight, and of any power to suit any road. It is expected to supersede entirely the use of horses for trans- jiorting carriages. BeautifidFlowers.—Ou Friday last, Mr Parmen- tier step|)cd into our editorial apartment with a large basket of flowers of exquisite beauty, and yielding a delicious odor. These, with some ripe red and white strawberries, were the produce of his horticultural garden, and were destined to em- bellish the wedding party of the Hon. Mr Web- -■.,=- - . , ■ c . oeiiisn 111. o 1 J Mi., Tpiov of New ' su table protection for tlieir feet, a stcr, of Massachusetts, and Mi=s l.elo^, ot iNtw 1 organs of the body. Whatever be the weak part, it sufi'ers with unfailing certainty from the im- pi-essions of cold and rnoisture on the feet. No matter whether the tendency bo to sick headach, or sore throat, hoarseness, and cough ; jiain of the stomach, or rheumatism, or gout ; severally and all they will be brought on by getting the feet wet, or at times even by these parts being long chilled, from standing on cold ground or pave- ilieiit. And who, it might be asked, are the chief victims to such exposures? Not the traveller caught in the storm, or the tnan of business, or the day laborer, who cannot .always watoh the ap- pearance of the clouds, and pick their steps with an especial avoidance of a muddy soil, or wet streets ; O no ! we must look for the largest num- ber of sufft'iers among the rich, the fair, and the lovely of the land ; those who need only walk abroad when invited by the fair blue sky and shi- ning sun ; or who, if pleasure calls at other sea- sons, have all the means of protection against the elemental changes, which wealth can command of ingenuity and labor. They it is who neglect brave the York. — Long Island Star snow and rain with such a frail covering as would 182 make the strong man tremble fur his own htultli, were he to be equnlly daring. At a Bcnson like the present it wouhl seem to be a niiitter of pratuliilion, lliat shocks our by convenience or condbrt. But we mistake ; fashion, that despotic destroyer of comfort, and too often a sworn foe lo health, will not allow the feet- of a lady Ki be incased in leather. She nmst wear, fi)rsoolh, 08ure of these parts to cold and inoist- iirc. If the sandal were habitually worn, and the toot in a great measure exposed to the air, custom NEW ENGLAND I ARM Ell, Dee. 25, 1S2 might then be adduced as an aiguiiieut against in- creased prccauiions. It is idle to talk of females accustoming themselves lo having their feel chill- ed, ilainp, or wet, an hour or two in the sireelB during the iliiy, when for the remainder of this perioil they take the greatest pains to have them dry and warm, by -toasting them, [wrhaps for hours, before a large fire. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JJOSTON, FKIDAY, DECEM BER j5^1829. HOGS FATTENED ON SWEET APPLES. A writer in the New York Farmer for .N'ovem- bcr last, with the signature A. E. states in sub- stance that Mr William Caiifield of Schodack, Rcnsallacr county, N. Y. owns an orchard, wholly grafted with sweet apples, in which he kept his hogs most of the summer season, where the grass and a little whey were sufficient to |iromote their giowth. About the time when liogs always mani- fest a disrelish for grass, the worm eaten apples began to fall, sufticienlly matured to become eata- ble. As they advanced in size and ripeness, they became more and more agreeable, and more nu- tritions, until the hogs began lo fatten rapidly on no other food. The trees were therefore shaken or beaten with light poles, so as to throw down a due fiuantilyof the most ripened fruit. This pro- cess was continued until the whole herd had be- come sufficiently fattened. Then Inilian corn was given in about half the common iiiiaiility fur about one week, and full feeding of it another week. — This brought them to the butchering, and the pork was not inferior to that which is fattened in a more expensive manner. One full grown tree (or two inferior ones) was found sufficient for a hog weighing 250 lbs. Aj.|.lco liuve been used for fattening hogs by many other persons besides Mr Canfield. A wri- ter, whose communication was published in the New England Farmer, vol. v. p. 82, slates as fol- lows : " I have tested, by ten years' experience, the value of apples as a food for animals. I keep five or six hogs in my orchard, upon nothing but ap- ples and a little swill ; and have uniformly found them lo grow and gain flesh faster than hogs fed upon anything else except grain. On the first of November they are very decent pork ; after which I feed them about six weeks on grain before I kill them, and 1 believe I have as fat hogs, and as good pork as my neighbors, who give to their hogs double the quantity of grain that I do to mine." Not only are apples of use in feeding hogs, but hogs are useful in preserving apples from their enemy the curculio, or worm which injures and distroys a very large proportion of our fruit. — When swine are ])ermitted lo go at large in or- chards and among fruit trees, they devour the fruit as it falls, together with the enrculioncs in the maggot or larva state, which may be contain- ed ill such fruit. Fruit, however, may be gather- ed as fast as it fiills and given to hogsconfinol in n stye, or not pormillcd lo enjoy the liberlies of an orchard. But in order to insure the th:strueiion of ihe insects as well as lo prepare iho fruit for the swine, so that it may yield its greatest (|uaiiti- ty of nntrimeni, it should bo boiled ; and a little bran or Indian meal, or other fiirinaceoiis siib- slance added to the fruit whilti boiling will make a compound uhieh will greatly promote the growth and fultening of ihcse animals. S< k'" applcs contain the most nourishment, but all pies, and every kind of fruil are useful when I prepared and applied. If no wormy fruit was fered to he on (he ground lung enough fui woriius to escape into the ground, we should i exlir|iate this jirime plague of the orchurdi:>l. KLNMNG ON A RAIL ROAD. I W. Brown, Esq. slates in a kller from Li pool lo a friend in Baltimore thai Mr Stevens I Locomotive Engine drew on a rail roud 3U sengers at the rate of 2U miles un hour, and tlie same vehicle ran a mile in 1 minute ant seconds, or at the rale of forty miles an hour I We shall by and by, at this rate, have inachi which will overtake a flock of wild geese on wing, and kee|>ing pace with the sun's uppai diurnal motion, circumvolale the globe ever} hours, and give philoso]iliers the privilege of j petual day light. CHAPPED HANDS. To have chapped hands is always an unjili ant, and not unfreqiienlly a painful com|>laiiit ibis season of the year. The following is the best remedy with which are actjuaintcd : — wash your hands with cas soap ; apply it with a flannel, and if necess! use a brush, in orilcr ftj gel the din from un and around the nails and fingers, till they arc | feetly clean. The water in wiuter, if convcnii may be warmed ; then rinse them in a little cli water, and while they are wet rub them well over with aboui half a tea spoonful of good lion then dry them well with a clean towel. '1 should be done once or twice a day, and alw before going to bed. The culture of the vine and the manufaclun wine are increasing in Georgia. A petition j been received by the Senate from G. Alcxani of Jasper county, for a loan of $1000, lo aid the manufacture of wine. Mr Clement Dciit of Jasper county, a native of Switzerland, plan half an acre of vines a few years ago, and t year had two acres, from which he made 300 g Ions, which sells at SL.'tO. . Next season, oti vines coming lo maturity, he expects 600 gallw lie has hut little land, yet with the assistance two hands, who do the ploughing and hoeing his grajies, his jiroduce is as above, together wi all his provisions and other articles usually rais on a farm. He speaks very favorably of tin- c male. We have examined a large bundle of sewii silks manufactured in Mr Ashmead's building Walnut, below Dock street, under the direction the " .\mcrican Silk Society." The i|uantily (k * fore us is composed of skeins of all colors in n ,< <|uei!l by tailors and housewives, and the threat of our city have teslified to its cxcidlcnce. Th article may be seen by calling at Mr .\shme:id ftlore. — C ^'. 6'a:. In Franco, last year, there were 4855 acciden tal deaths, IT.%4 siiieides, anil ^^li duels; '^o of iht latter were fatal. i! Vol. VIII.— No. -23. 'lUi English cari)entei-, distressed hy a corn, got How woikman to cut oft"tlic toe willi a chisel ; ftectiial cure, at least. lie four most eminent chemists of Europe, e died wilhin a year, viz : Messrs Wollaston, Pron.st, and Vamiuehp. Engl«'i'l 'i^s now, rlr Farrailay, the first chemist of the age. Brighton Market. — Monday, Dec. 21. (Rcporleil for the Chronicle nndPalriol.) 16 market continues divided — this day at up- market, 327 cattle, 947 sheep, and 80 swine ; market, .531 cattle, am! 1891 sheep, including attle and 400 sheep unsold last week ; total cattle ; 2338 .sheep. We believe it to be eded on all hands that the present state of af- in regard to the market, is very injurious both uyer and seller, but notwithstanding, the mar- oday must he considered as tolerably fair. — ly all the market beef was taken, of which e were a good many very fine and large cat- tho best at $1 75 a $5 per cwt., and thinner ities at .$3.^ a $i. Store cattle go ofl' more ^ily than they did a few week.s since. A iber remained imsold at the close of the inar- heep are in fair demand, iirincipally on account le wool; but thin qualities have to submit to low prices ; prime sheep for the mutton mar- command fair prices. Prices ranged today . $1 to $-2 50 per head, according to quality. fe noticed the sale of one lot of 50 shoots at cts. per lb. and a few by retail at 4 a 5 cts. rata.— In th4^. E. Farmer, for Dec. 11, page 161, olumn, for .iugtia alaternoides, read ttM!/(ia alater- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 183 CoRRKsroNDENTs. — The article from Florida, N. II appear soon ; as well as several others. JVotice. 16 following samples of Wine sent by Major Adlum, his Vineyard near Georgetown, D. C will be open- •T the use of the members, on Saturday tlie 9d day muary ne.xt, at half-past 3, P. M. at the Hall of the iichusetts Horticultural Society, where they are in- to attend. Tokay, Schuylkill Muscadel, Champaign, Adlum's Madeira. » Catawba, f"A model of a Bee Hive, of a highly improved con- tion, by a gentleman in this vicinity, can be seen at iall of the Society. "The Address delivered by Gen. Dearborn, at the Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural ety, Sept. 19, 1829, is now published for distribution ig the members, who will please call or send for copies, Dec. 25. Treatise on .Agriculture. Just received at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, No. 53, North Market street, A Treatise on Agriculture ; comprising a concise his- tory of its origin and progress, the present condition of the art, abroad and at home, and the theory and prac- tice of Husbandry, which have arisen out of the present state of philosophical attainments in Europe. By a Practical Fariner. CO.VTENTS. Of the rise and progress of Agriculture. Of the actual state of Agriculture in Europe. Theory of Vegetation. Of the analysis of Soils, and the agricultural relations between Soils and Plants. Of practical agriculture and its necessary imple- ments- Of Manures — their management and application. Of Tillage, and the principles on which it is founded. Of a Rotation of Crops, and the principles on which it is founded. Of the plants recommended for a course of crops, (in the preceding section) and their culture. Of other plants useful in a rotation of crops, and adapted to our climate. Of Meadows.— Of Orchards.— Of Farm Cattle.— Of the Dairy. The above work is in one octavo volume, 168 pages, price C'2.i cents. Published by ,1. Buel, Albany Orange Trees, Sfc. The Proprietor of the l.inneaa Botanic Garden, oiTers for sale, the following collection of beautiful Grcea House or Par- lor Plants, all of which are in the finesl>rdcr :— Those marked thus * will he supplied "at the following rales ; One years' growth from inoculation, 2doliars, Two ' ' ' 3 • Tliree ' ' of age for bearing, 3 ■ and 50 cts. Those marked thus { are $3,50 each. Some of the kinds are three, and others but one and two j'ears' growth. Those marked thus t will be each g5, and being quite new, are not at present large. ORANGES. {St .Salvador pyramidal shap- ed swecl secd'ess. {Portugal oval sweet do. t sweet seedless do. filed cored Malta, or reii Por- tugal do. IChinese bigarade, or large myrtle leavet? do. *Myrtle leaved do. small fruit. ''Smalj Mandarin do. with fruit size of cherries. tTangicrs do. beautiful. tVery spiny. Farm Wanted. anted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres and, with a good and convenient House, Barn, &c. ted within i20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 3 from some thickly settled village. :tters addressed to " R, B. H." of Boston, (postage | Russell, at the Agricultural VVareh! ) giving a very particular description of Farms kel Street, Boston ed, will receive immediate attention. 30. eptf •Seville orange, or Bigarade. ^Double flowering do. or Or- ange a Heur double. ^Horned, or hermaphrodite do. *Curled leaved, or cluster tlowcring, riche depouille. {Turkey bigarade. *Gold striped do. •Silver ' •Silver striped curled leaved do. {Willow leaved do. ^West India sweet orange, or- anger a fruit doux. SHADDOCKS "Shaddock, or pampelmous monstrous fruit. fFrencb do. i LEMONS •Short Lisbon lemon, •Long Sicily do. iPoneirc do. or gros limon. {Incomparable do. tSwect fruited do. {^ear shaped do. •lied fruited lemon, Palermo solid citron, or Limonier a fruit sanguii.e. {Mella rosa do. {Spanish do. or mervcllle d' Espagnc. {Gold striped do. JDouble flowering Ho. Limo- nier a flenrs doubles. lO^'Ordors for any of the above plants received by J. P. ' ■ ' ' ' '" ■ No. 52, North Mar tPear shaped do. or poire du Commandeur. {Fingered do. *.Mad»ira citron, or Cedralier. {Madras citron, has weighed in England .5 pounds {Large fruited do. orCitronier a gros fruit. {Side fruited do. or Cilronier a cotes. {Pointed do. of Florence. {West India lime. iSwcet fi-uited do. *Berganiot lemon. { perette of St Do- mingo. Tenant Wanted. A young married Man, from some one of the old dis- tricts, who is accustomed to raise large crops by hio-h cul- Hat Store. Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washington 1 tivation, is wanted as a tenant, on shares, on any number Potatoes for Seed. For sale at the New England Farmer .Seed Store, No. 52, North M.nrket-st., 26 busln^Is of the fine seedling potatoes mentioned by the Editor of th.; New England Farmer, in the current volume p. 102. This is but the fourth year from the ball ; ihey look the premium from the Essex Agricultural Society in 1827. (See Col. Pickering's Report, N. 10. Farmer, vol. vi. page O'J.) — they are represented by the perbon who raised them, as tolera- bly early, more than middling bearers, rcmaikably delicate and meally, size nearly round, color white, and hove but very few protuberances. A good opportunity now offers lo farmers to secure a superior variety of Ihi.s important vegetable for seed. They are packed in bags of one bushel each, and are sold here at the same price at which they readily sell by the person who raised them, viz. $2,12 cents per bushel, including the bag. Persons in want of them will please apply soon, as they arc nearly all engaged- 3w Dec. II. JVotice. A deranged man, about G5 years of age, considerably gray, by the name of Elisha .Sherman, dressed in a homespun over- coat, rather old, with abroad brimmed hat, left his place oi residence in Hanson, Mass. on Thursday, the 19tlj November. Whoever viill give any information to the subscriber wheie he may be fttund, or will assist him to return home, shall be suita- bly" rewarded. JOSEPH HOBART. Hanson, flee. 1, 1829. tf To Farmers. To be let, and entered upon the first of April next, a small farm, five miles from Boston Market, under good iniprnvemeni, having good and convenient buildings, and well fenced. Also, to be sold or exchanged for a farm in New England, or real e;- tate in Boston, twelve hundred acres of good land in that part of the slate of Ohio called the Connecticut Reserve, in a town last settling. Inquire at No. 1 Uuion-slreet, or this ollice. If Nov. 13. PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. , a first rate assortment of Hats, comprising all qualitie ig which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends i:onfidence lo the public, as being a superior article al the Also— Misses Black and Urab Beaver Bonnets, of the t London Fashion, elegantly trimmed, v. 20. IFIS STEPHEN W.OLNEY. Powder at 2« per lb. ;PONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for sale land's Ammunition Store, 05 Broad st, al retail. A •T, CAPS, &c. of the best quatily— cheap for cash. of acres less than 100, of very level and easy land to till, entirely free from stones, within half a mile of the port of Bridgeport, Conn, having a house, barns, and all con- veniencies for a farm, on the premises. Said tenant would be required to pay for half the Stock, consistinnf of 120 Sa.xony and Merino Sheep, a horse, a pair of Oxen, and 8 or 10 Cows, which supply the borough with milk. Any further information maybe had byapplyino-, post paid,to ■ B. BROOKS." Bridgeport, Conn. Dec- 20, 1829. from t APPLES, be.st, - - - jbarrel. I 75 ASHES, pot, first son, - - - ton. 123 00 1.30 CO Pearl, first sort, - - - " 123 00 130 00 BEANS, white, - - - Ibashel. I 00 1 25 BEEF, mess, - - barrel. 9 25 Cargo, No. 1, ; '■ 7 73 Cargo, No. 2, - " I C 76 BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new, !pound CHEESE, new milk, - - - i " Skimvwed milk, - - . " FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-streel, - barrel. 3 87] Genesee, - - - [ ■' 3 75! Bye, best, - - - - I " 3- 62| GRAIN, Corn, Rye, Barley, Oats, ..... j " 40 43 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, - pound. 8 00 8 50 LIME. I cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at . ton. 3 30 PORK, clear, - - - Ibarrel. 15 00 16 00 Navy, mess, - . ■ " ]2 00 12 50 Cargo, No. I, - - " 12 00 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - . [bushel. 2 00 Orch.ird Grass, . . | " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, . . . 1 " 3 00 Rye Grass, - - " 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Gra.ss. - " 3 00 Red Top . - . ■ . " 62 1 00 Lucerne, . - - . pound. 38 SO While Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, . . " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, full Wood, unwashed. Merino, three fourths washed, Merino, half blood, JMerino/quarler washed, Native, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, first sort, I PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVKKY WEEK BV MR HJW ( Cierk nj Fmend-ha!l Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - MUTTON. .... POULTRY. .... BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye. retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] bushel. 621 " 73 „ 40 pound. 8 00 cask. 85 ton. jarrel. 15 00 't 12 00 "' 12 00 bushel. ;; 62 pound. 38 *' 33 " 7 « 38 " 20 '( 30 u 28 n 25 u 25 35 u 2G " SO pound 8 •* 5 '( 5 " 2 „ I /( 14 1. 15 dozen. 16 liushei. ,: 37 barrel. I 5« 184 NEW ENG[.\-M) FARMER. Dec. 25, 1&2 MISCELLANIES. KiK-li caseti ll SINGULAR OLD LINKS. AUTHOR OK.VOW.N. The longer life, llie more iilTence ; The more offence, the greater painc ; The grcaier paioe, the less defeiirc i The less defence, the lesser gninc ; The loss of gaiiic, loiij ill ilolh Irv ; Wherefore, come dcatli, and lei mo die. The shorlcr life, less counl 1 find ; The less accouiii, Ihe »ooner made ; The counl soon ni;ide, ihc merrier mind ; The merrier mind dolli thoughl invade; Shun life in truth this thing doth try ; Wherefore, come, death, and let mc die. Come, gentle death, the ebb of core ; The ebb of care, the flood of life; I The flood of life, the joyfull fare ; The joyfjil fare, the end of strife ; i The end of strife, thai thing wish I ; * Whcrefiirc, come, death, and let me die. Cultivation of Indigo. — Mr William Rigbton, an'cntcrprisiiifj idaiiter in Edcntoii, Noilli Cnro- liiin, is cultivaliiig a lar^c "luaiitity uf this valuable atticle on liis i^rouiiils. Last season iic raised aliotil 150 lbs. of very fine qttality on seven acres of very poor bigli land. Rlniiy of bis neighbors arc this year following bis example. Old no.,ks-\V. A. Colnian, in Ncw-york has .-^irait of Gibraltar; but in all .111 .1 „ „r,.i,i l,r..,h.i in tho F.nffliBli 1 fttt is as coiistunt as the disliirbing cau^e, nub ts bed a cutaloBuc ol old liooKs, in mo i.ngiibii > i i i i ^i ■ 1 I ; . . ■•..^«;i-,..l rrnin Fnplnnd ' I lereforo, can be calculated upon with coiifid and other languagex, just leccneil iioiii r.ngionii . ' , , . > . , 'belonging to the library Bftbe late Win. Gifford, \ the satirist and reviewer. A large number of llicni , are works of the IGtb century, and sonic earlier. iTIiu titles of several are curiou..<. That of .Miiggle- i ton's "Answer to WiHiain I'enn, Cluaker, wherein { be is proved to be an ignorant spallcr-biain who 1 knows no inoro what the true God i.s nor bis se- cret decrees, than one of hi* coach horses doth, nor so mucb," gives a curious idea of the deco- rum of religious controversy a century and aliall ago, and almost ei|ual.< in quaintness an old deist- ical pamphlet, entitled " Hooks and Kycs to buckle Believers Breeches." Were it not for this perfcrt e\actncs!>, in wi precario'is state would the inhabilanls exist o sea shore, and the banks of low rivers I Few of the iiiliabitanlH of London, pcrhap tlcct, when standing close by the side of tliei ble river, and gazing on llie rapid flood liile ing inland through the bridges, that, alll si.My miles from the sea, they are placed u: as persons sailing upon its face, where, per there may be tossinir witves covered with w and the drowning. In Holland, which is flat, formed chiefly by the mud and sand br down by the Rhine and neighboring rivers, of the country is really below the level Shelling Out. — An oysterinan was lately fined two dollars and a half for throwing his ."liells into the street. He averred it was n hard case, but was rcmitidcil that he got his living out of hard cases. A young lady' one night at a party was mucb amtoyiMl by ilio impcriincnt leiiiarksora coxcomb who sat near her ; at length, becoming tired and vexed, she turned toward him with an angry coun- tenance, and said, " Be pleased. Sir, to cease your impudence." The fellow was astonished at so sud- den a rebuke, and could only reply, " I'ray, Miss, do not cat me." " Be in no fear, " .she replied " I am a Jewess." Coic Tree. — Mr Lockhart, a celebrated botan- i common springtides, and is only protected isf, writes from Trinidad, one of the West India daily intindrition by artificial dykes or rampa. Islands, and ppeaks thus of the milk tree in Co- Ureat strength. ' loinbia. What awful uncertainty would hang ove I have just returned from an excursion to Ca- , L)utcb, if the level of the 6ca were siibje raccas, where I collected the juice of the cow ' changes ; for while we know the water o tree (Palo dc Vaca) and I have now the pleasure I ocean to be 17 miles higher at the equator tl of sending you a jiliial of the milk, together with I a few leaves, and a portion of the root of the tree. The Palo dc Vaca is a tree of large dimensions. The one I procured the juice from, bad a trunk of seven feet in diameter, and it was one hundred feet from the root to the first br.inch. The milk was obtained by making a spiral incision in the bark. The milk is used by the inhabitants wherever it is known. I drank a pint of it, with- out experiencing the least inconvenience. In taste and consistence, it mucb resembles sweet cream, and possesses an agreeable smell. I was so fortunate as to procure some young trees and roots of the Palo de Vaca, which I will endeavor to increase. the jioles, owing to the centrifugal force o earth's rotation, were the level already eslabli from any iause lO be suddenly changed bu feet, millions of human beings wouhl be tb ti ms. — Scotsma n . ITanled, An Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. Ab ligent boy from ihc country would be preferred. inquire at the New England Farmer Office, I North Market Street. tf Oct. .\'ew England Farmer's MmWlackfor 183 Just published by Cabteb & Ilr.vDKE, cor To render shoes Waterproof. — Takeabout a square inch of Indian rubber (that which is white is the best,) cut it into slices as thin as possible, put it into a pint of sjiirits of turpentine, and shake it up occasionally to assist the dissolution ; add, if re- quisite more of the Indian rubber, until the liiptid is of the consistence of treacle, then add halfii pint of cold drawn linseed oil, and it is fit for use. New shoes should be worn for a few tlays, before using ibe above, to open the grain of the soles, and should not bo worn foi^a few days after, that tlit^y may dry. — United States Gaz. ._, Mr John Grigg of this city, has now in press, and will shortly publish, "An Essay on American Silk, and the best means of rendering it a source of individual and national wealth, by John D'Homergtte, and Peter S. Duponccau." The natnes of the gentlemen mentioned as the authors of this work, will insure confidence in its state- ments, ami we cannot doubt that the public gen- erally, will see in the subject something worthy of general attention. From a knowledge that public good is intended in the publication of tho work rather than individual profit ; and from a fixed belief tliat the desired cnils will be promoted by a general circulation of the book, we venture solicit the attention of our Editorial brethren to the work, and request of them to give notice of its early apjicarance. — U. S. Gazette. Lord Townscnd, whose good humour wan pro- Levcl of the Sea. — There is, perhaps, nothing which illustrates in a more striking manner the exact accordance of nature's phenomena with the few general exiires..!ions or laws which describe verbial, was dining one day at a friend's where theni all, than the perfi^et level of the ocean as among other servants, the coachman wailed on liquid surface. The sea never rises or falls in any the table. In banding a satire turrecn, lionest place, even one inch, but in obedieneo to fixed John tmliiekily spilt part of its contents over his lordship's clothes, who, instead of showing any displcasnre, jocosely said, " John, you slioidd take care never to grease anything but your wheels.'' aws, and tberefore, changes may be generally fiircseeii and allowed for. For instance, the east- ern trade winds, ami other causes force the water of the ocean towards the Africon coast, so as to keep the Red Sia about twenty feet above the .\ Charleston, S. C. letter announces the arrival | (.eneral ocean level ; and the Mediterraneiin Sea there of Mr Allkn, an Engineer, from tlio North, | i.s a little below the level, because the evaporation and who had eommenced locating the first five from it is greater tb.in tho supply of its rivers; miles of tho Rail Road near that city. j causing it to receive an additional supply by the School and Washington-streets, and by J. B^ lie No. '<-i, Norlli .Market-street, the .Vtir England I'a 'UmnnackfoT 1H30. Ily Thomas G. Fessiudkn, of tlic New England Farmer. This .'Minanack, it is tiiought, will be found tok sidcrably improved upon that of the preceding Tho Astronomical calculations have been prepar revised vsith great care by & gentlemaa of lliia cil tides particularly noted — a completQ Calendar ■ Courts for each state in New Eugland, includi Probate Courts of Massachusetts — the lr"un's decl — a tabic of Roads and distances from Boston, & seventeen pages of miscellaneouB articles, prin upon Agriculture and Gardening. (UrOountry traders and others supplied upon ih liberal terms, by the thousand, groce, or dozen. Sept. 18. Douhle Distilled Rose Uater. The subscriber has received a quantity of Ilia article, neatly put up in bottles for family use, vtur \ of a superior quality. EBENEilER WIG), nI3 4t Alilk-strcct, (opposite Fcderal-s ' .\'o. 35, .VVip England Fai-mer, tcanltd. A liberal price will be paid at this Office, for ani ber of copies of No. 35, vol. vii. of tho New Hj Farmer. rrinters with whom ue exchange, and others » not preserve file* of their papers, will oblige us turning that number by mail. Oct jVoKee. Subscribers to the New England Farmer are infurm thev can have Iheir volumes nealiy ond faiihluily hall and lettered, at 75 els. per volume, by leaving 'them oilier. Published every Kriilny, •! 53 per .mnnni. povnllf end of the yeur— Inii ihojo who pay w nhin siiix i''i time ofMibsrribing. arc rnliiledto n dciluctrnu I'f (if 5: /■ Nil paper will be sent to a distance without j iiip in.icif in ntlvonre. Printed for J. II, IlessKi i.. by I. K. BuTTf nil di-scriplinns of l'riiiiin|r can be cxicnied to mer of customers. Ordersfnr prioiing rrreivrd by J. P at the Ajrieultural Warehouse No. At Not'ib M NEW ENGtANB FARMER. Published by John B. Russeh,, at JVa. 62 A'orth Market Street, (at the JigricuUiiral Warehouse).— Thomas, G. Fkssehbek, Editor. t^oL. yiii. iPLENDID PLANTS FROM MEXICO. , „ „ . . , ■ Hr t ■ .• , [>• Pr.nce, proprietor of the Linnwaii Botanic ^ a" Eclipse) by Old Messinger. Grand clam the grown ii. the West In.lies for the same purpose is den, has just received from Professor Rkat- celebrated PotSos mare, in.ported by the late Mr i I- and, an herbaceous biennml. The ind.go .s one now in Mexico, a most extensive collection K'oi'Stablo. The blood of this horse therefore is of the most profitable articles of culture in Hm- he native plants of that interesting country ; I eqiKil to any in this country. His dam is of so -lostan because an immense extent of land ,3 re- Mr Poinsett, our ambassador there, has also ! """^!^ value as a brood mare, that $2000 has been quired to produce but a moderate bulk of dye, be- i BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 1, 1880. No. 24. HORTICULTURE. jlent stock. 7^he dam of Sportsman was Sports- ,' Elegant free flowering shrubs of easy culture in niistress by Hickory. Her dam the noted run- j sandy peat. I. tiuctoria is the plant most cultiva- iug mare Millers Damsel (the darn also of Anieri- 1 ted in the East Indies for the dye, while that l|i,i sniitled to him many of the most valuable 3 and plants of that region, including those are natives of tlie highest mountains. In Kil e collections arc comprised the whole of the us family as far as was possible to be obtain- The far famed Cheiroslemon platanoides, or d (lower tree, three evergreen species of the with beautiful and peculiar foliage ; the f'j -.hsia arborescens with large lanrel-like leaves ; ll Cestnan noctumum, or night smelling Jasmin, , lonia jasminifolia, stated by Mr Po^^-SETT to season against Mr Stevens' Rattler. In the au reiieatedlv offered for her. 1 cause labor and land here arc cheaper than any- The Sportsman has proved himself not only re- | where else, and because the raising of the plant niaikable fleet, hut enduring ; /jc Jiewr ji'as teafen. and its manufacture may be carried on without He was entered in the spring of 1828, at the U.nion Course, Long Island, for the first day's purse, ybjtr mile heats, against Betsey Ransom and Revolution, but falling sick with tlie distemper, was withdrawn. At three he won the sweep- stakes at the Union Course against Jive horses. — On the same course he won a match race the same ne of the most beautiful cliuihiiig jilants in j '""'" of 1827 he ran upon the same course and rtorld ; Passijlora ligularis or large Mexican | V»n at three heats the second day's i>urse, three tidilla with eatable fruit, i?«/iard«om'a tain- {«'''? ^^^'s. betiting Richard the 3d from Virginia, ; Ztphyranlhes carinata, rosea, ami canAWa, ^"'f 'wo others. He has never given way in hmbs It Mamee apple ; Laurus persca, or Alligator p"" '" '"s wind. ; Mon^anoa arborescens ; Hibiscus rosa-monta- 1 (X/^ We understand that this beautiful horse even the aid of a house. The first step in the culture of the plant is to render the ground which should be friable and rich, perfectly free from weeds, and dry if naturally moist. The seeds are then sown in shallow drills about a foot apart — The rainy season imist be chosen for sowing, oth- cnvise if the seed is deposited in dry soil it beats, corrupts, and is lost. The cropb ing kept clear of weeds is fit for cutting in two or three months, and this may be repeated in rainy seasons every six weeks. The plants are not allowed to come into flower as the leaves in that case become dry and hard and the indigo produced is of less value, nor are they cut in dry weather as they would not several magnificent species odmaryUis, CW- will be in Boston in April for a few davs before ^I'""= ■''S"'"- ^ '•'''"P generally lasts two year Pancralium, and Bignonia ; the very singu- Iproceedine to Worcester county. He kt present P'"''S° ""^ not extensively cultivated in India be^ carlet leaved Euphorbia; several species of is at Weslborouffh, where farmers have a fi„e fore the British; s-ttlements were formed there— ■" Its profits were at first so considerable that as in similar cases its culture was carried too far, and pins and Echiles ; the round fruited Calabash I opportunity to improve tiieir breed of horses or Crescentia : several original sfiecies of th^ m JO, or Georgiana ; black flowering Gonolobus ;. SUGAR FROM THE BEET ROOT. Hontezuma rose, and the red and white Mexi-i-^^^*^'^/""*^"' 1 I .-A I c ^ ■ y ^'''■^ — I nave seen in your valuable tieriodical ■ose trees ; several beautiful species of .^Tcaaa i _ . , ,. , •. ' '■"'•>-<" frequent mention made of the sugar ireevand of the beet sugar, &c., but no description of the pro- cess by which the sugar is extracted and prepared for use. If some of your readers, who are ac- quainted with the subject, would give us this de- scription ; and, in connexion with it, the quantity species < Mimosa : the Mexican Schinus, which adorns oad sides, and whose branches are pendant ;hose of the weeping willow, and are loaded scarlet fruit : Stcvia alba and various other ts calculated to elicit the greatest interest g* botanists and horticulturists, is a pleasing circumstance to .see our coun- eii Professor Keating and Mr Poinsett, in a distant country, thus giving their atten- to the subject of transmitting to their own, all egetable productions most calculated to en- j ts collections ; and no American can view ) ircumstance without regret that Mr Poinsett, I has been so preeminently useful to his country ', ■ery situation in which he has been placed, vho possesses such high and honorable sen- its in regard to our intercourse with other ns, should have been calumniated by some Mils of the nation near which he has for some been our accredited minister ; these calum- froni whatever source they have originated, it is conceived, found as yet no believers in juiitiy. the market glutted with the commodity. The in digo is one of the most precarious of oriental crops, being liable to'fc/ cesnoyeii by hail storu)S which aa coiiiparaiiveiy Dut Utile injm-y to the sugar cane and other plants. In the West Indies the seeds are put in little shallow pits hoed up irregu- larly but generally within four, five, or six inches of each other, and immediately covered. The plants grow to full perfection in two or three of sugar which can be procured from a certain j months, and are observed to answer best when quantity of the beet, they would, I presume, con- cut in full blossom. They are cut with reaping fer on the public a favor. This beet is raised by a few individuals in this region of country with much snccess. It is, at least, a very excellent root for the table ; and should its saccharine qualities equal, in every res- ])ect, those of the cane, many of our frugal farm- ers will shortly become wise enough to cultivate it, and to make from it sugar sufficient, at least, for the use of their own families ; and, thereby, save to themselves the payment of an annual cash bill, by no means inconsiderable, these hard times. Maine, Dec. 24, 1829. G. S. Reriiarks by the Editor. — Wc have frequently, since the commencement of the New England hooks a few inches above the root, and laid in the steeper. Seventeen negroes are sufficient to man- age twenty acres of Indigo, and one acre of rich land well planted, with good seasons and jiroper management will yield five hundred pounds of in- digo in twelve months ; for the plant ratoons (i. o. it sends out stolones) and gives four or five crops in the year, but must be replanted afterwards. — Indigo has long been cultivated in Spain, but is on the decline in that country, owing to the more favorable circumstances of the East and West In- dies. It was tried in the South of France, and Italy, during the reign of Napoleon, but found not worth following for the same reason. Farmer, communicated such information as we Nerium oleander, c. 8. June, Oct. crimson 1590. S. of j could procure on the subject of manufacturing PEDIGREE OF SPORTSMAN. } sugar from the beet root ; and as we have obtain- e beautiful blood horse Sportsman which we j ed nothing new on this subject, we must beg leave oned as having been exhibited at Brighton, | to refer the author of the preceding to articles on e informed will stand the ensuing season at ^ extracting sugar from the beet, &c. published in ester, Shrewsbury, and Westborough. He the N. E. Farmer, vol. vii. pages 346, 362. aised by Gen. Coles of Dosoris, Long Island ) ~~ _ ^Iso bred the famous rac^r American ! <^^'ULTIVAT10N OF EXOTIC PLANTS, &c. le,) and was foaled in 1823. He was sired I (Continued from page 178.; 5 Bussorah Arabian, well kuown as one of '"''ieofefaangustifolia. e. June, Oct. purple. 1772. Cape. . , ..,. , , • . 1 • . .1 • t tinctoria. e. 3. July, Ausf. \7?t\. East Indies. est beautiful horses ever imported into this australis. e. March, June. pink. 1790. N. S. ry from Arabia, and the sire of a most excel- 1 Wales. Europe. V. .<:pIeiideTis. e. 7. June, Oct. crimson. 1814. odorura. e. G. June, Aug. pale red. 1()83. East Indies. Beautiful evergreen shrubs of easy culture and propagation, and free flowerers great part of the year. N. oleander is very common in the Le- vant, and especially in the Isle of Candia, and in Sicily, Magna Grtecia, by rivers and torrents : the leaves are acrid and jioisonous. Young cuttings planted under a hand glass and placed on a little heat, root freely. N. odoruin though treated as a 186 NEW KNCLAM) 1 ARMEIl, Jan. 1. \^?,0. U bouse plant requires a stove to make it CLEARING LAND, LAYING OUT A FARM, niould hoard; bo tlini tlic furrow is not lur green flower freely. I Acacia suavcolcns. c. 4. Feb. June. 1790. pubcsceiis. c. 10. March, June. 1790. iuDipcriua. e. 6. March, June. 1790. lophantha. c. 6. May, July. 18U3. alata. e. 6. April, July. IS )3. acicularis. c. 6. March, Aug. 1796. discolor, c. 10. March, June. 1798. longil'olia. c. 10. March, May. 1792, These are fine Australasian pluiits, with yellow flowers, of cusy culture in loam, peat, and sand well drained. Cuttings will root pretty freely taken ofl'in the youni,' wood and planted in sand under a bell glass; or they may lie increased hy takin; off roots, as large pieces as can he spared, I j"V 'iig" Mr Fessemde.i — It has been my misfortune to over, but completely cut apart, to be turned o enter into trnile in a small town in this vicinity, 1 by the lioe. The share of the plough should which was injudicious, because I had only a small sharp as an a.xe, and should branch out on e capital, and there is a great degree of uncertainly tide of the chip, so as to be capable of cuttin attached to mercantile pursuits. It is true my si'ee 18 inches wide. But you should never speculnlions were not on so extensive a scale as is the case with your city merchants, yet it is no less true that the chance of loss (owing to bad debts and other causes) is as applicable to small as to large traders. 1 have given yon a brief expo.siiion of my bad luck, but tny good luck is comprised in the sitnpl to cut one more than half that width. You then be pretty sure lu cut clean, and will be i to subvert the sod with more ease. If the share and coulter be sharp, one yok oxen will draw the plough through the \ toughest grasses ; cranberry vines ; laurel or si hushes. Turn the sods in June, and piW il and planting them in the same kind of soil as the iild plants, placing them under a hand glass in a little bottom heat. A. longifolia is a very splendid plant. I Mctroiiidero.«angu8tifolia.e. 6. June] July, green. 1787. floribumla. c. 6. June, AiiE. white. 1788. lanccolata. c. 10. June, Nov. crimson. 1788. spcciosa. e. 10. March, June, crimson. 1803. hispida. c. 6. May, Aug. yellow. 1789. These arc natives of N. S. Wjics, excepting the fust, which is from the Cape of Good Hope, and are grown in s;iiidy loam. Cuttings of the ripen fact that I quit with $700, after having lost S2000 tin heaps and burn them in August, or as s I as they are ilry enough. The cost of seci I have purchased 100 acres of wild land with-' down an acre in this way need not exceed * in 2.5 miles of Bangor, in the State of Maine, for' and u sprinkling of peat ashes once in two y $200. The land is of the first quality ; the growth ', say 8 or 10 bushels to the acre, will insure principally sugar maple, hemlock, cedar, and 1 continuance of a good crop. Ijcech. '^''^ better your burn the better your crop. Now, sir, through the medium of yom- useful ! bushel of good peat will make nearly half a b paper permit me to ask in what manner this land j el of ashes ; and a cord of peat, well cured, is w should be laid out? How much for pasture?— i"s much for fuel ns a cord of oak woo.1. Hov. much for the wood lot? How much fori As to flowing the land in winter, I can s^ mowing ? How nuich for tillage ? Sec. &c. &c. { never knew good hoy obtained afterwards for I have a wife and two children, who are too , 'ong lime. Lands may be flowed in summer, spring, or ed wood will strike in sand under a bell glass, but y,,,,^^ ^g i,^ serviceable ; my wife has not beoi not without difticulty. The three last are very brought up with such fastidious notions as to vicv; beautiful plants, but not free flowcrers Edwardsia grandiflora. d. 12. May, June. 1772. micropliylla. d. (i. May, June. 1772. New Zealand plants with yellow flowers. They are hardy enough to survive throu;;h our winters out of doors, but they do better when protected under a frame. They ripen seeds, by which, or by yoimg cuttings planted under a bell glass in sand, they may be increased. Illicium floridanum. e. 8. April, June, crimson. Florida. 1766. pan'inorum. c. 6. Mny. tim«. ^-^lUw vlorWia 1790. This genus derives its name from illicio, to at- tract on account of its agreeable perfume. I. flo- ridanum has very fragrant leaves and capsules, having a stron it a disparagement to work, although she has hith- erto been exempt from the necessity of labor. It woidd he desirable to have such calculations made in the division above referred to, as shall Le apfdicable to the labor of one man only, because my pecuniary resources will compel me to depend' on my individual exertions for subsistence. SUFFOLK. for two or three days at a time without dttri but should be drained again as soon as the lu waters have deposited their riches in the so Even the foul meadow grass, that delighu much in moisture, is soon destroyed by cantii flowing, The frosts of winter seeni essential to ol I good hay. They seem to cftectuaie somet more than merely the shifting of the |>ositio every particle of the soil, and therebv answ< REMEDY AGAINST THE PLANT LOUSE! the purpose of a good ploughing and' harrot KEQUESTF.D. j Else why is the hay of our Northern Slab Mr Ff.s3e.»jdkn — I should esteem it a fuvor if much superior to that of the Southern? any of your numerous correspondents will favor me, through the medium of your paper, with an effectual remedy against that troiddesnme insect, smell of anise when rubbed. — 1 the Aphis, or plant louse, which infests the differ- This species, and more especially anisatum, is pow- erfully carminative and stomachic. In China it is in frequent use for seasoning dishc<, especially such as are sweet. In Japan they place bundles and garlands of the aniseed tree in their temples before their idols, and on the tombs of their friends; they aKso use the powdered bark as in- cense to their idols. Ripened cuttings will root in sand, but those plants are most readily increased -by layers. I'ultcnxa obcordata. c. 2. Mav, July. Van Dicman'sLind. 1808. slipularis. e. 2. April, July. N. S. Wales. 1792. retusa.c. 1. Ap. May. N. S. Wales. 17»9. Small bushes with mnnerous yellow flowers, grown in sandy loam and peat, and increased by cuttings. Ilakca pugionlformis. c. C. May, June. N. S. Wales. 1796. ciiicria. c. 5. Juno, July. N. Holland. 1503. Plants with while flo4vi.-rs, which thrive in equal parlH of loam, peal, and .sand well drained ; and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand ;;hiss. PilUxporum undulatuin. c. 3. I'eb. June, yellow. N. S. Wales. 1789. revolutiiin. c. 6. Feb. Ap. yellow. N, S. Wales. 1795. lobir;i. c.6. March, Auj. white, riiiiia. ISO). Handsome shridis with gplied most proper for their nourishment, nnd the best time and manner of cultivation. He will .search his farm for the means of its improvement in con- nection with the barnyard, and will gladly avail himself of those rich deposits of vegetable mat- ter which have been accumulating for ages, the distribution of which will abundantly reward his labor. His attention will be constantly directed to the oi)crations of nature under the diversity of the seasons and diflJerent modes of cultivation, that the exjicrience of each year may increase his stock of knowledge. He will have a due regard to the rotation of his crops, that an exhausting may he followed hy nn ameliorating crop, nnd will put his liiiul to rest under a liberal distribution of grass seed, that it may be defended from the sum- mer's bent and winter's coM, nnd when, in a few yenrs, it shnll come again into the course of ciil- tivntion, n rich glebe may bo buried in the soil to itnprove its texture and add to its fertility. He will be anxious to improve the breed of hi anil the surplus great, find, hy the facililv of water j knowing that the cost of keeping will not be there transportation, an ea.sy ucce.-^s to our mnrket. But t,v increased, and that at a stnall expense he will why is the price of labor comparatively high where nd.l to his wealth, and derive much pleasure in this suriilus is 80 great ? This may be owing to ! beholding the combination ofso much beaiitv and country, in the year 1817, in the 4tli voluiije of .Massachusetts Agricultural Journal. .As maui you may not have seen this communication, 1 not know that I can more profitably employ a i lion of the tiine allotted ine, than in giving few extracts from the same. And it may the uii attract your attention, when I inform you tha< ^ was a communication by a lady, Mrs Agnes Jhl ' son ; for the other sex has not only exceeded « in nil the charities of life, but successfullv i with ours in the government of .liiigdoms, in cultivation of the sciences, and in directiii" labors of agriculture. Nor would these n cares seem incongruous in the female sex, accc ing to the notion of some of the ancients, «h< their mythology made Ceres the goddess of c and tillage ; and may our wives and diiu;;h stimulate us to excellence in this, as in all ui gooil works. This lady, (who had received some flatter proof of the approbation of this societv,) slu that she had been for many years constantiv oc pied in dissecting and studying the nature of plai and fiir the hist few years preceding her comn nicntion, she had endeavored to draw results fr the dissection of vegetables applicable to iif^ric lure, hnvitig h.td the use of a pretty large funn assist theory by practice. " I have been lately occupied, (she said,) in leavoring to shew that all plants should he divid. disposed, or placed according to the difli-rent .sc cnligenini to their habits, from which llicy ori nally proceed ; niul that it is to the total inntti lion to this circumstance that we probiihlv o' the very strange and coiiiradicioiy results c< stnnlly M be foiinil in all agrieidlunil reports. I person can n^ad with atteiiiion the late accimi delivered to the House of Omiinons respectii the f;iiuvth of corn throughout this kingdoi Vol. VIH.— No. -24. AND HORTICULTURAL TOURNAL. 189 liout being struck with tlie contraJictory returns ismitted of the whole ; and without being con- coil that there must be some hidden cause for li n strange diversity in the gains of the farmer; here are many instances adduced, in tliose re- ■'le ts, of the same excellent management, where same seed has been sown, an equal degree of )r performed, with the same season, time, and Ni lure employed, and one farmer has gained three es as much again as was expended for letting he crop, while another has scarcely exonerated repaid himself for the seed ; what then could he cause of the loss of the latter, and gain of former.' It must, I am convinced, he attribu- chiefly to the agreement or disagreement of soil in which it is placed, its situation and as- t ; throe things of which the farmer knows little, or ever takes into his calculation. Nature is so bountiful that there is scarce a It necessary to the food of man and animals. near Dundee, this year ; a season which has been so unfavorable to speculative plans from the lodg- ing of victual in general. The machinery is erect- we allude to the " Genera of North American Plants, and a Catalogue of its Sjjecics, to the year 1817, by Thomas NlJTT.^LL," in 2 volumes. ed upon a carriage with six wheels, (which might! 12nio. printed at I'hiladelpha. Mr Nuttall is an perhaps be yet reduced to five, as one pivot wheel Englishman by birth, and a native of Yorkshire ■ would be sufficient,) and it is propelled by two but lie visited North America at an early a^e, and horses harnessed to a pole behind. The instru- is now domiciliated in that country. His love of ment, when at rest, presents eleven pair of open botany and mineralogy is exceedingly great and a scissors, which may be increased to any reasona- 1 personal acquaintance, which his late visit to this ble number, occupying a line of about five feet, country has enabled us to have the pleasure of one half of the blades (the upper ones) are move- forming, has only served to increase the esteem able, and cut with both edges, so that when in and respect which his writings had already taught motion, the moveable blades meet those fixed on us to entertain towards him. For many years each side alternately, and, in this manner, pare the stubble to an extent equal to their linear sur- face, with great beauty and regularity. The moveable blades are connected and simultaneous in their action. The corn is applied to the scis- sors by an apjiaratus in front similar to the sha- kers of a threshing mill, but destitute of teeth if we choose to seek it with care, has not one and as this revolves with an easy motion, it has sif diar sort calculated for every soil. Thus in clo- 1 little chance of shaking even the ripest and freest !, there is a sand clover, a clay ciover, a gravel grain, the same part of the mechanism lays the a chalk clover ; one that grows wel! in rich | stuff, when cut, on a revolving sheet of canvass. Is, and one that would be ruined in a rich sol), can grow and do well only in a poor one ; one will not endure moisture, and one that only previous to the publication of his Flora, the au- thor was engaged in visiting very extensively the territories of the United .States, particularly the southern and western ones. " For nearly ten years," he says ill his preface to his " Journal of Travels into the Arkansas territory," " I iiavR tra- velled throughout America, principally with a vievr to becoming acquainted with some favorite branches of natural history. I have had no other end in view but personal gratification ; and in this I have not been deceived ; for innocent amuse- i|ji ivs in, wet land ; one that prefers hills, and one will grow in valleys alone; one that likes the and one that covets the shade. Nature has 1 equally bountiful in most other plants pecii- y adapted to agriculture, and in which there quite as many species fitted for poor land as for ones, and if planted in their own soils, give tifinitely greater return, and are not subject to e dreadful disorders but too common to plants ed in improper ground." 7^0 be concluded next iceek. which, in its turn, deposits it on a swaithe in a I ment can never leave room for regret. To converse very even uniform manner, making it easy for six as it were with nature, to admire the wisdom and hands to follow the instrument, and jiroduce very j beauty of creation, has ever been, and I hope ever neat, tidy sheaves. — Fife Herald. will be, to me a favorite pursuit ; and to commu- nicate to others a portion of the same amusement A writer in the Petersburgh, Va. Intelhgencer and gratification, has been the only object of my alls attention to the " Tory, or Black Pea of Caro- botanical publications." P.EAPING MACHINE. he reaping machine invented by Mr Patrick lich was judged worthy of a premium by Highland Society, has received the most de- d approbation wherever it has been brought to . It is therefore with considerable pleasure we mention, that an experiment as to its ers has been made lately in this county, and been attended with complete success. The ation of the machine was anxiously observed <\ select party of agriculturists, with much sat- ;tion, on Mr Robertson's farm of Reedylees, ilonday last, and nothing among the inventions he last twentyfive years, so fertile in contri- ;es on this subject, appears so likely to su])er the use of the sickle and scythe. AH pres igreed that the invention had been uncom ly successful. It is besides an instrument of execution, being capable of cutting an acre hour, or from seven to ten acres ])er day on most moderate computation. It is free from of the objections urged against reaping by bines, and to which indeed that method was e with the less perfect contrivances formerly ;e ; particularly that of shaking ; but the work g here jierformed by clipping, the perpetual itioii and loss of time in sharpening which id instruments require, is quite unnecessary : were the principal defects of Mr Smith's liine exhibited at Markinch several years ago, which was otherwise very effectual. It is a very brief outline we can give of the adniira- ingins invented by Mr Bell, which has per- iod all the harvest work on his father's farm, Ima." He represents it as probably the hardiest under the sun. If planted early in March or April, with corn, in the fall the corn will bo envel- oped with peas. It is said to afford a better dressing for land than clover ; is very nutritious, but requires double the boiling of common peas. Boslnn Patriot. The Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg, Va. have awarded a premium for the greatest quantity of Cotton on an acre, viz. 1129^ lbs. It has abo awarded premiums for carpets, blankets, counterpanes, bedticks, cassinet, sewing silks, and plaid. A girl, four years old, exhibited a pair of socks of her own knitiing. Forty or fifty seamen, recently shipped onboard the receiving ship United States, have ceased draw- ing their rations of grog, and intend to apply the proceeds to ])urcliasc a library for the ship. In 1815 there was no land communication be- tween St. Andrews and St. John, N. B. and a fev/ 3'ears after, Mr Keleher, who now carries the mail, often ])ut the letter and papers in his side pocket. I" tl'c enumeration of species, he has \ fortnight since, three mail bags containing about I tf'^t have been described by other authors scme- The " Genera of North American i)Iants" is en- tirely in English ; and it appears that it was the design of the writer to have arranged it according to the natural orders. But out of delcrence to public opinion, in a country where the artificial system of Linnajus had almost exclusively been studied. Mr Nuitall .idopted that method. He has, howovei-, mode a gi»nt many valuable remarks upon the natural orders, following several of the genera, and has recommended the adoption of some new ones. He has well der.„ed the charac- ters of the order Monotropece, to wVich he has properly referred the highly curious Pl^vospora. As, however, the well known genus Pyrola, t,e- longs unquestionably to the same family, the term Pyrolea, might perhaps have been considered as more appropriate. The characters of the genera (which ho here extends to 807, exclusive of any cryptogamia,) have, as may be inferred from the title, occupied a greater share of attention from Mr Nuttall. Me has added to the essential cha- racters, those taken from the habit of the plant, and he has noticed their geographical distribution.' uded all two bushels, arrived at the post office. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 1, 1830. ON THE BOTANY OF AMERICA. E.vtracts from an article written by William Jackson Hooker, LL. D. F. R. S. E. and jiub- lished in Dr Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science. Concluded from page 179. We come now to the agreeable employment of mentioning a very important work, Iioth on ac count of the extended nature of the publication, ! fectly new and of the manner in which it has been executed ; ! tany ofthissingular district iraveaiready"nppVared^ times made observations upon them, and added a very considerable number of new individuals which have been discovered by himself or his friends. This book may therefore be well said to form an era in the history of American botany, and we rejoice that the execution of it has fallen I into such able hands. I Mr Nuttall has added still more to his credit as a naturalist and a man of most acute observation, by the publication of his " Travels in the Arkan- sas Territory." This was a journey accompanied with great difficulty, and not a little danger. The plants which he collected were numerous and in- teresting, very different from the vegetation of the rest of the United States, and many of (hem per- Some detached accounts of the bo- 190 NEW F.MiLAM) FAU.MEll, Jan. 1, 1830. oarlicularly in the Journal ottho Acudoiny of Na- peared in that counlry, Ihe " Flora of the Middle i food, and dcfendnig iheniselves, were very dc ligl turul Sciences at Pliiladi.lpliia, and not a few of the plants theinsclvus are now cultivated in our botanic gardens, from seeds gathered hy Mr Nut- This gentleman now occupies the chair of Na- tural History in the University of Ntw Cambridge. We regret not to be able to give any account of " Eaton's Manual of Botany," nor yut of Barton's more exiindcd " Flora of North America," (wliich is, we believe, in the course of piiblication,) never having had the opportunity of seeing' these works. The various scientific journals Kliicli are pub- lished in America, conluiri many memoirs upon the indigenous plants. Among the first of these in point of value, and, we think, also the first with regard to time, we must name SiUim;in's American Journal of Science, in which via find Botanical Tracts by Professor Ives of Yale iCollege, and by Mr Rafinesque : by Dr Torrey, a i>iiysician at New York, " on the plants collected by IJ. B. Douglass, of West Point, in the expedition around the great lakes, and the upper waters of the Mississippi, un- der Gov. Cass, during the summers of 1818-20 ;" and also '-on a new species of Usnea from New South Shetland," (T. fasciata of Torrey ;) by Mr Lewis de Schweiuili!, ill a valuable " Monograph of the genus Viola ; " by -Mr Nuttall, on a " col- lection of plants made in the East Florida by Mr Ware;" by Mr M. C. Leavenworth, on "four new species of plants from Alabama ; " by Pro- fessor C. Dewey of William's College, upon " Ca- rices." In the Journal of the Academy of Sciences, the Botanical Memoirs are entirely from the pen of Mr Nuttall. The Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York were only commenced last year ; but the numberB, (of which we have received five from that excellent instii.-'ion,) contain several communications on the subject of Botany. In No I. is a " Synopsis o^ the Lichens of the State of New York," by ^tr A. llalsey ; and a description and Northern Sections of the United States," by i lolly pourtraycd in a clear anil sprightly tiiaiu Dr Torrey. .\ frc(|uc!it correspondence, and a mutual interchange of botanical specimens, have made us accpiaintcd with the zeal and acnuire- menls of this gentleman ; both of which arc now assiduously engaged in the preparation of his I lion— as the 'Mechanic,' or the ' Useful K no work, the continuation of which we anxiously ex- I'dge,' or else separate. I do not know anyiliii ^>cct. No. 1. extends as far as, but not to the con- 1 of the proper iimnner of doing this, but hope to iiiting scientific method, and anecdotiial illu:>l tioiis. Many persons who could not, for varii reasons, attead, would be glad to hear n ripitit unnouuced, either before some society or assoc elusion of, the Class Triandria, anil Ordtr Uigy- nia ; for here, likewise, the arrangement is that of Linnoeus. The whole is in English. The sy- nonyms are siifticicntly copious, and the descrip- tive part contains niiiih useful criticism and oli- .servation. \Vc know, too, that Dr Torrey has made a most ample collection of the cryptogamic l)lains of the United States ; that he is well ac- (|uainted with the Rpccies and their characters, and we may therefore confidently hope that this de- ])artmcnt of botany will now find a place in the flo- ras of North .\merica. Mdilional ATole by Dr Milchill. — The Compen- dium of tlic Flora of the Northern and Eastern States by John Torrey, M. D. is a moderate sized able to hear those, in common with others, 1 n bliged to oinit hearing. CULTIV.\T10N OF PEAS IN FRANCE. Thomas RIaikie, in an article published in a 1: number of Loudon's Magazine, gives the folio ing as the mode of cultivating early peas practis in France : — " The market gardenirs place t!i rows east and west, and raise a little ridge ofcai on the north side of the row, which protects tht from the north winds, and receives at a more po erful angle the sun's rays ; by which more hi is reflecteil on the plaiils in the day time, and llie same time more absorbed to be radiated tlicm at night. When the plants show their • by Dr Torrey of "some new and rare plants col cond blossom, the top is pinched off, wliich thri octavo of 403 pages, containing the genera and | ,|,p fp^ce of vegetation on the forming pods, 1 specific descriptions of all the i>lants, exclusive of ,e„g ,i,e niulurity of the crop, and increases I the cryptogamia, hitherto found in Fredonia,* ^\yc of the jieas." north of the river Potomac. It was published n 1826. The Flora Astiica of Dr Darlington is a very respectable performance, being an account of the plants found in Chester county, Pennsylvania. Of Professor Eaton's Manual, which has had a wide circulation, a new edition is announced. Horticultural Societies are useful in increasing a taste for botany as well as for practical gardening. These societies have increased within two or three years past, and they number uniong their meni- Ijcrs many scientific and practical men. lected i" 'I'C Rocky Mountains, during the cxpe ditJon thither, commanded by Major Long, by Dr Edwin James ;" in No. II. a "Synopsis of the Caricts," by Dr Schweinitz. No. HI. contains an article " on the American Ulriculari(E," by M. Lc Conte, who enumerates 11 species. No. IV. "on the genus Oraliola," by the same author. No. V. " on the genus Ruellia," by M. I-o Conte ; and on " some new grasses found by Dr James on the Rocky Mountains," by Dr Torrey. Mr Scluveinitz, whom we have already more than once alluded to, is a native of Germany where, as well as throughout Europe, he is advan tageously known, in conjunction with M. Alberti- ni, as the author of a Latin v%'ork on the Fungi of Upper Lusatia. Since his residence in America, lie hasconiiniied to dedicate most of his attention to the fungi ; and his manuscript, containing an account of 1373 fungi found in Upper Carolina alone, was edited by Dr Schwaegrichen in 1823, under the title of " Synopsii Fungorum Carolina Superioris" in a thin volume, 4to ; and it is not a little singular to observe how many of these are common to Europe us well a- to America. We shall close our notice of American botani VARIETIES OF THE SWEET POTATO. [Extract of a letter from John D. I.kgark, Esq. of Charleston, S. C. Editor of the Southern Agricultu- rist, to the Publisher of the New England Fanner.] " 1 should like to introduce to your notice se- veral of our varieties of the Sweet Potato, which I perceive is beginning to claim the attention with you that it deserves. We have the following va- rieties, which arc all in good repute: — the Red, red skin, white inside, and mealy ; Brimstone, red skin, yellow fleshed ; yam, yellow skin and flesh ; the best for keeping, and also by far the best for the table ; — Spanish, skin of a reddish yellow, flesh white and mealy; by some very much liked; — pumpkin, yellow skin, and the flesh of a deep )iumpkin color, very sweet, and have in .some measure the taste of a pumpkin. Besides these, we have the Spanish pumpkin, Spanish yam, and Lealhercoat ; the last is very inferior, and is only to be recommended for its earliness." XT' ^'e copy the following well deserved roinplimcnt to l)r Stokkb's Lectures from the Evening Gazette. Lectures on Entomology. — I was much pleased to read in the Centinel, an editorial article, recom- mending the study of Entomology, and noticing very favorably, a course of Lectures on that sei- ncc by Dr SToar-a. These Lectures, or riiiher those I attended, were very interesting, and si The End of Military Glory. — A ship with I , man bones, from Hamburgh, arrived at Loss mouth on the 2.5th October, the property of agriculturist of Morayshire, and intended for n nurc. The master of the vessel states, that I bones were collected from the plains and marsl of Leipsic, and are part of the remains of the the sands of brave men who fell in the sanguini haltles fought between France and the .\Hies October, 1813. What a comincntary is this u| " military glory : " and how true is the cxclan tion of the poet — " To what base uses we n return, Horatio ! " The manufacturing establishment of Mes Wells & Dickinson, of Steubcnville, Ohio, is n said to turn out "from 90 to 100 yards of cli per day, besides white and red flannels in gr quantities, consuming the fleeces of fourteen tin sand sheep, which these gentlemen now keep i on their estate. cal iiublications by the mention of that, wlii'-h, ifUd much research and observation on the part of ■we may judge from the first number, (which is ulll i|,e author. The instincts of Insects in providing that we have yet received from the author,) bids fair to rank among the most valuable that has op- •Dr Mltchill'i) clusical name for the UiUted Slates A new and extensive Iron Foundry has rcce ly gone into operation at St Louis, Missouri. It intended to supply any orders which may he quired for the largest steamboats or other n chinery. p Brigiito.n M.vrket. — Monday, Dec. 28. (Rcponcd for Ihe Clironlclr and Pnirloi.) A good deal of business was done today lie ' in the Cattle and Sheep Market — the day was i markably fine, and if we take into considerati the advanced season of the year, it will be sc that there was a large iiuiiiIkt of Imtli kinds market, viz. Cattle Uti 5 ; Sheep 2 147. of w hi) 324 Cattle including 17 unsold last week, ai 1107 Sheep were at the Upper Market, ami 6' Cattle and 1340 Shcsp at the l^iirer MurUI- nearly all the ISerf Cullle were taken — not than '2:') or 30 remained unsold at the close oltl market — not so with Store Cattle — of nearly 21 'included in the above estimate,' not mure tin one half were sold. Few best Cattle brouli from $4 7.'> a iiOO per cwt. ; next $4.-Ja 4A, ar Vol. VIII.— No. 24. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 191 ler kinds from $3i a 4, being by far the great- proportion. Shetp continue in demand, as we "jve before remarked on account of the Wool. e nutice the sale of a lot of 300 prime Sheep Hi $2 75 per head— few at $2 00 a 2 .50— from *i r to niiiliiling qualities $1 .50 a 1 75, and thimier ids down as low as §1 25. Not much doing '!« Swine — but few at market, and of very inferior i« ality. We have received the 1st No. of the Farmers' ries of the Library of Usefid Knowledge; this mber treats of the Horse ; its General History Different breeds, wild and domesticated — the rioiis breeds of English Horses — remarks on the ■ oice of a horse, &c. ; the republication of which ! shall soon commence in the N. E. Farmer, veral comnumications are also on file. Tenant IVanted. A young married Man, from some one of the old dis- tricts, who is accustomed to raise large crops by higli cul- tivation, is wanted as a tenant, on shares, on any number of acres less than 100, of very level and easy land to till, entirely free from stones, within half a mile of the port of Bridgeport, Conn, having a house, barns, and all con- vcniencies for a farm, on the premises. Said tenant would bo required to pay for half the Stock, consisting of 120 Saxony and Merino Sheep, a horse, a pair of Oxen, and 8 or 10 Cows, which supply the borough with Any further information may be had by applying, milk. Farmer IVanted. Wanted an inlrlligeut, industrious, and capable man, with " lamily, to lake charge of a large larm ; the wife neat, itus, and well acquainted with the dairy. A person who 1 manage sucli alarm, where a lar^e slock of sheep is pi. acqnainie.l wiih the cnhivaiinn of roots, and systematic all branches offarmu.g, and who is well known for his in- iif character, may, perhaps, hear of a place that will ase him by applying at the office of the New England Far- epif Jan. 1. A Very Valuable Botanical Work. Curtis' liotanical Magazine, or Flower Garden displayed — hich Ihe most ornamental foreign plants, cultivated in the en sround, the green house, and the stove, are accurately jresenlcd in their natural colors. The first Uvenljeighl vo- es. containing near twelve liundred plants, and an index to first twc-niy volumes, are now for sale. Apply to J. B. ssEf.L, Office of the New England Fanner. 3t Jan. 1, 183a. Situation Wanted. Wants a situation as Gardener, a married man, a native of otland, with a wile and three healthy children; he is Iho- ,' master of the kilchen,f ruit, and flower garden, hot and lOuscs, and their repositories, having hid a considerable p in Scotland anJ England, likewise, has a good know- Ige of dairy and other farming; the wife would not object to charge of the dairy .with which she is well acquainted ; the ghborhood of a public citv would be preferred ; would not ject to the middle or western states. Address by letter, X paid, to JOHN CAMERON, Salem, Mass. '. S. A respectable place, with liberal encouragement, II be attended to only. 3l Jan. 1. post paid, to Bridgeport, Conn. Dec. 20, 1829. B. BROOKS. Treatise on Agriculture. Just received at J. B. Rdssell's Seed Store, No. 52, North Market street, A Treatise on Agricidture ; comprising a concise his- tory of its origin and progress, the present condition of the art, abroad and at home, and tlie theory and prac- tice of Husbandry, which have arisen out of the present state of philosophical attainments in Europe. By a Practical Farmer. CONTENTS. Of the rise and progress of Agriculture. Of the actual state of Agriculture in Europe. Theory of Vegetation. Of the analysis of Soils, and the agricultural relations between Soils and Plants. Of practical agriculture and its necessary imple- ments. Of Manures — their management and application. Of Tillage, and the principles on which it is founded. Of a Rotation of Crops, and the principles on which it is founded. Of the plants recommended for a course of crops, (in the preceding section) and their culture. Of other plants useful in a rotation of crops, and adapted to our climate. Of Meadows.— Of Orchards.— Of Farm Cattle.— Of the Dairy. The above work is in one octavo volume, 168 page; price 024 cents. Published by J. Buel, Albany. JSTotice. The following samples of Wine sent by Major Adlum, •I om his Vineyard near Georgetown, D. C. will be ipen- ■ for the use of the members, oa Saturd.ay the 2d day January next, at half-past 3, P. M. at the Hall of the assacbusetts Horticultural Society, where they are in- ted to attend. Tokay, Schuylkill Muscadel, Champaign, Adluin's Madeira. Catawba, UyA model of a Bee Hive, of a highly improved con- ruction, by a gentleman in this vicinity, can be seen at le Hall of the Society. ID=The Address delivered by Gen. Dearborn, at the ■St Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural ociety, Sept. 19, 1829, is now published for distribution I the members, who will please call or send for leir copies, Dec. 25. Orange Trees, &(c. The Proprietor of the Linnean Botanic Garden, offers for sale, the following collection of beautiful Grcpn Hnusft or Par- lor Plants, all of which are in the finest order ; — Those marked ihus » will he supplied at the following rales : One years' growth from inoculation, 2 dollars. Two ' ' ' 3 ' Three ' ' of age for bearing, 3 ^ and 50 els. Those marked thus i are $3,50 each. Some of ihe kinds are three, and others but one and two years' growth. Those marked thus t will be each g3, and being quite new, are not at present large. ORANGES. tSi Salvadi ed sweet {Porluj Potatoes for Seed. For sale at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52, North Market-sl., 25 bushels of the fine seedling potatoes mentioned by the Editor of the New England Farmer, in the current volume p. 102. This is but the fourth year from the ball ; they look the premium from the Essex Agricultural Society in 1827. (See Col. Pickering's Report, N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. page 98.)— they are represented by the person who raised them, as tolera- bly early, more than middling bearers, remaikably delicate and meally, size nearly round, color white, and have but very '' ■■' protuberances. A good opportunity now offers to farmers secure a superior variety of thi.s important vegetable for seed. They are packed in bags of one bushel each, and are solil here at the same price at which ihey readily sell by the person who raised them. viz. $2,12 cents per bushel, including the bag. Persons in want of Ihem will please appiv soon, as they are nearly all engaged. 3w Dec. 11. JVolice. \ deranged man. about 65 years of age, considerably gray, by the name of Elibha Sherman, dressed in a homespun over- coal, rather old, with abroad brimmed hat, left his place of residence in Hanson, Mass. on Thursday, ihe 19lh November. Whoever will give any information to the subscriber where he may be fiiund, or will assist him to return home, shall be suita- bly rewarded. JOSEPH HOBART. Hanson, Dec. 1, 1829. if Farm Wanted. Wanted a first rate Farm, containing 50 to 100 acres of Land, with a good and convenient Flouse, Barn, &c. situated within 20 miles of Boston, and not more than 2 miles from some thickly settled village. Letters addressed to " R. B. H." of Boston, (postage paid) giving a very particular description of Farms #ered,will receive immediate attention. Oct. 30. eptf PRICES OF COLWTMY PRODUCE. Hat Store. The Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washington reel, a first rale assortment of Hals, comprising all qualities, -tiong which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends th confidence to the public, ,as being a superior article at the ice. Also— Misses Black and Drab ISeaver Bonnets, of the alesl London Fashion, elegantly trimmed. Nov. 20. iFIB STRPHK.N W. OLNEY. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for s op^/,mr('s Ammunition Store, 65 Broad st, at retail HOT. CAPS, fee, of ll-.R hes, qualiln-che!xD for cash *Seville orange, or Bigarade. {Double flowering do. or Or- ange a Jleur double. IHorned, or hermaphrodite do. *CurIed leaved, or cluster flowering, riche depouille. {Turkey bigarade. *Gold striped do. •Silver ' "Silver striped curled leaved do. tWillow leaved do. *West India sweet orange, or- anger a fruit doux. pyramidal shap- edless. d sweet do. 1 sweet seedless do. tRed cored Malta, or rcii Por- tugal do. tCliinese bigarade, or large myrtle leaved do. "Myrtle leaved do. small fruit. 'Small Mandarin do. with fruit size of cherries. tTangiors do. beautiful. IVery spiny. Wanted, An Apprentice, in a Book Printing Office. An intel- gent boy from the country would be preferred. inquire at the New England F-armer Office' No 52 iorth Market Street. tf Oct. 23. SHADDOCKS. *Shaddock, or pampelmous, 1 tPear shaped do. or poire du monstrous fruit. Commandeur. IFrench do. j LEMONS. •Short Lisbon lemon. *Long Sicily do. IPoneire do. or gros limon. tlncomparable do. (Sweet fruited du. tPear shaped do. *lled fruited lemon, Palermo solid citron, or Limonier a fruit saiiguii.e. tMella rosa do. tSpanish do. or merveille d' Espagne. tGold striped do. IDouble flowering do. Limo- nier a fleurs doubles. (CrOrdcrs for any of the above plants received by J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52, North niar- ket Street, Boston. tFingcred do. ►-Madeira citron, or Cedralier. tMadras citron, has weighed in England 6 pounds ' tLarge fruited do. orCilronier a gros fruit. tSide fruited do. or Citronier a coles. tPoinied do. of Florence. {West India lime. tSvveet fruited do. *Bergamot lemon, f perette of St Do- APPI.ES,best, ASHES, pot, first sort. Pearl, first sort, - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess. Cargo, No. 1 , Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new, CHEESE, new milk, Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, HowarU-siree:, - Genesee, - - . Rye, best, - - . . GRAIN, Corn, - . . . Rye, - - Barley, - Oats, .... HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, LIME, ---... PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, clear. Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Gra.ss, . Orchard Grass, Fowl Meadow, - - . Rye Grass, Tall Meadow Oats Grass. - Red Top - - . . While Honeysuckle Clover. Red Clover, (northern) French Sugar Beet, . WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . Merino, full blood, unwashed. Merino, three fourths washed Merino, half blood, Merino, quarter washed. Native, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, first sort bushel: barrel. pound (KOM 1 To 1 75' 2 25 125 00 130 00 125 00 130 00 1 OOi 1 25 9 25 7 75 6 75 12 6 9 50 8 00 7 00 barrel. bushel. 5 60 5 so: 3 62: 3 pound. cask. ton. barrel. SOffl 85l 15 00 ibushel. pound 62 38 33 7 " 38 ',', 30 28 '• 25 ;; 25 37 28 30 5 75 5 75 3 87 63 78 67 45 8 60 90 3 50 16 CO 12 50 12 60 2 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 3 00 1 00 50 50 8 1 50 40 26 35 33 28 28 38 PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTED EVERY WEEK BY BH HAYWARD, ( Cterk 0/ Famiiil-hall Macrkd.) REEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, besl pieces, wliole hoffs, VEAL. - - . MUTTON, .... POULTRY. .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, besl, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, . Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pou.nd. 8 •* 5 " 5 " 2 2 " 5 " 14 15 dozen. <(j bushel. '■ 37 barrel. I 58 192 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan 1, 1S30. Mdrtat of the Carrier of the A*eu> Etif^land Farmtr to hii Cuatomers and Patrons. Old ChroncM, and liis restive train P*"'»"<">"" :.„„niscent strain. Tn which we register whate'er Most worthy note in Time's career, Our tinkling talisman can 8ave From dark obhvlon'3 shoreless wlive. And cicvalc lo site sublime. As hi^h above the " Course of Time," As Cynthia's silver planet rolls Above the tide her power control!. But how shall we, the Farmsb, raise Our unassuming rustic lays To proudest elevation, piven By Fancy in Invention's Heaven ? That super- sublimated place, Which caps the pinnacle of space, Won only by the lightest wing Of phantasy's imagining ? — That extra-elevated spot Between what is, and ivhat is not, From which Sol's brightest radiations snoe old abominaoie Roots to contaminate hii table, Utiich in New England, all about. Have had their run, and are run out. Let farmers all obtain for seed Sonic new ameliorated breed. Such as wc 've told you o'er ami o'er. Are now for sale at Russell's ttorc. But leave we this delicious topic For others still more philanthropic. Though doughty warriors now and then Transform God's earth to Satan's den, .\nd freedom-missing .South .\mericans .Are breaking one anothers' pericranes — Quarrel tike catamounts without Discerning what they fight about. The friends and advocates of peace Foresee the time when wars shall cease. Perceive by indications plain That human kind will be humane. Instead of murdering one another. All men in each man own a brother. Mankind, en mas.«e, arc making roovement- Towards most incredible improvements : And science promises the means For that mlllenium of machines. When nothing natural will be done. But all be art beneath the sun. Boyle, Bacon, Newlon, could not dream Of our appliances of steam. Which almost force the strange conclusion That some great magical illusion Is wrought by sable art, design 'd To fascinate and cheat mankind. Swift xs the chariot of the sun .•\longthe trending rail way run Huge wain.s, who-se vehement career. The wonder-working engineer. With more than necromantic skill, Checks or accelerates at will, .\s if the elements were broke .\nd harnessed to his iron yoke. And forced by superhuman means To \vicld his magical machines, ,-\nd urge them on their destined course, Willi lightninK's speed, and earthquake's force." The living wheels, EzekicI vicw'd With heavenly attributes endued. Scarce in the prophet's glorious visiou. Moved with more fleetness and precision Than this stupendous train proceeds. Impelled by steam instead of steeds. Modern philosophy, anon, Will, at the rate .she 's going on. Yoke vollied lightning to her car, .And, swifter than a shooting star. Out-travel everything but us. When mounted on our Pegasus, Wing'd by superb imagination. We ride the circuit of creation. But now, may 't plctsc your honor. I Must bid your emineuce good liye ; And if some trivial gratuity. Sublrartcd from your superfluity, Present some small rcmunrrjtion For thankless toils in our vucatiun. May all felirity ho yours. Long as eternity endures. Boston, January 1, 1830. 0f> • '-•■ in.'' If MEW ENG1 FxlJRMER. Published by John B. Rdssell, at JVi». 52 JVorlh Market Street, (at the J)s:rieultural H'archouseJ. — Tuo/has G. Fessewden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 8, 1830. fslo. 25. HORTICULTURE. FOR TUK HEW ENGLINO FARMER. SELECTION OF FRUITS. iIr Fessenden — Ad your papor appears to ine le the best medium for obtuiuiiig information ceriiiiig fruits, and almost any other topic con- ted with farming, and as I wish for correct in- nation concerning a kind of pear recoimnend- n your New American Gardener, culled the brctle, I wonld ask you to do ine the favor to rt a few lines in the New England Farmer, liuong other trees, I hitely sent to a respecta- nurseryman for one of that particular kind rc- imciided in your book, and he sent as a sub- ite, one by the iianio of Franc-real. I shoulii to know if it is the same kind as xhe Ambrette, called by a different name.) I think it comes rer the pear described in tlie New England mer of the 18th inst., called the Yellow tointer rden ; if it is that kind, I should like to know if not, I shall wish to procure it. Last spring nt to him among others, for the Pelrc pear, ceived as a substitute, the Early cluster. I am ing to receive other kinds of trees than those ;nd for, provided they are as good ; but if s come under a different name from what are red, I should like to know if they are worth ivating, as I am unacquainted with the kinds, the Ambrette pear is so highly recommended le New Anioricafi Gardener, I would not bp. ppointed in the kind on any considcrstion if J i avoid it. If any person will inform me re I can get a few scions from the tree intro- 3d into tins State in 1612, by Mr Coxe, as 3d in your book, or a few trees of that kind, ugh the medium of your paper, or by letter, 3nd tiiem to the New England Farmer office, II pay a reasonable price, and feel very much ged. I wish to make a selection of the best 1 of fruits, and as I am unacquainted, by ex- ence, I have generally followed the directions our American Gardener, a book that I would mmend to every person that has not got it. I 1 to be informed what kind of pears ranks next le following kinds, which I have got : — Early :n Chisel, Early cluster, Jargonelle, Autumn gauiot, SecUle, St Michael's, St Germain, ice's St Germain, Pound pear, Bartlett, and a other kinds, names unknown. As I have room for a few more trees, I wish to get those that the best. There are so iii-jiiy recommended ifferent books, that I am unable to make a ice of many other kinds, thcrefiire I want some son that knows by experience, to select for me. lid not feel very an.xious to make the best sible selection of fruit trees, or if I were ac- inted with the different kinds myself, I wo'iM lie. so solicitous for information. Yours, respectfully, JAMES LEON AKO. Mmton, Dec. 29, 1829. JUDGE PITMAN'S ADDRESS. Concluded from page 1S9. ?his lady closes the tirst part of her letter will 5t of the clovers ami trefoils adapted to each i soil, and in the latter part she says : "The first part of this letter was written more than a year pre- (reding the present time. The trials I liave since I lini>« t<. *Lo c^rUi'.k only a small quantity is necessary. For dai/ plants which take in less nourishment from their leaves, indeed scarcely one fourth, how different should be the provision the fanner makes for them. The root is formed with quantities of radicles, but all close roiind ; manure is here, therefore, of great use if properly adapted, and labor of still more. •' The chalk plant takes iniich of its nutriment from the earth ; this depends chiefly on soil ; and adding sand to chalk is often as serviceable as manure. " The water and semi-water plants require wa- ter only as food ; they take none from their leaves, but have their roots made for the purpose of inha- ling water all day, and closing the pipes at night. These, of course, should be in very wet soils. " How necessary is all this knowledge to farm- ers! What a contrast is the mountain and rock plant ! Instead of taking its fdbd from water, as in the last named plants, ills wholly fed by its leaves; having no impervious skin, (which covers every other plant,) its open pores receive sdl the juices the atmosphere will bestow. They are so formed as to take no nutriment whatever from their roots, except what just suffices to form their seeds ; the quantity they take in at their leaves is so great, that ifthe field is on a high mountain, and is wellex- amined with a microscope, even at noon, the plants will almost always be found bathed in dew ; many of the clovers, also, are mountain and roc'iC plants, and take in all their nourishment at their leaves, and are constantly seen immersed in dew. Of what use, then, is manure to such plants ? It is throw- ing away money to expend it, when in otlier parts of the farm it misrht be so serviceable." I These extracts are but a small jiortion of this (-ommnnication, which is well worthy an attentive and careful pdriisal. And when we read, let us think for ourselves, and compare what we read with the result of our own oli.servation. How various and wonderful is nature! How bountiful the God of nature in the provision which he has made for man and animals, adapted to all the variety of soil and climate ! How minute and comprehensive is the science of agriculture, and how highly ought we to estimate an art upon which we are all dependent, and which requires so much sagacity, observation, labor, and study to bring to perfection. And here 1 cannot but regret that so little pro- vision is made in our systems of collegial ediica tion for the ac<]ui.sition of agricultural knowledge. Their object seems to be, to educate young men |)rincipally for the learned professions, in which a few only meet with that success which they anti- cipated, while a large number who have no patri- mony, arc placed in a precarious dependence upon the labor of others. How much more hapjiy and useful would be the man of modest merit, who cannot take the kingdom of this world by violence, if his education enabled him to labor himself, ov direct the labor of others in the most profitable manner, while he found in rural retirement that health, competence, and peace, which ho who possesses has no reason to envy the cares ol wealth, or the precarious honors which feed, but cannot sr.";iy> ambition. ure peace is its, abuiiu ua^, .™*r«kgoJ To disappointmeut and fallacious hope ; Rich ill content, id nature's bounty rich. In herbs and fruits ; whatever greens the spring. When heaven descends in showers, ov bunds the bough ' When summer reddens, and when autumn beams." In some parts of our country, schools have been instituted, in which the science of agricul- ture forms a part of their system of education. I wish to see, however, not mere boys, but young men, educated in this science, and reducing it to practice by the labor of their hands. A college on an extensive and fertile farm would be the best seat of the muses, and with a professor of agri- culture who would not confine himself or his pu- pils to theory, would not need a gymnasium. Here might be a pattern form where the most sci- entific mode of farming might bo practised, and experiment.-) tried for its improvement. Here, free from the vices of cities, towns, or villages, young men tni!;hl be taught everything requisite for the learned or practical professions, and the commu- nity would lake a deep interest in the success of an institution, the utility of which would be dis- played to the eye .^s well as to the ear, which would become the nursery of tcientific and prac- tical farmers, and communicate that knowledge to the future lawyer, physician, and clergyman, which would render them still more respected ami useful. A In striving, gentlemen, to inipiovc our estates » and the industry of the community, let us not for- get the raiiid. And as, in tiiis state, we have com- menced a system of public instruction, may we aid, with our best eflbrts, an object vvliich is as j^j4 NEW KNOT. AND FARMER, much more i,npoT.I".'tl".n neric.lluro .....1 mnn..- j Oomphocarpu. arborcce,-. e. 5 Dec. while. Cape 17U. body. Jan. 8, 1830. Dillwynia f^laberrima. c. 2. March, July. IHOO noiibundn. c. 2. April, June. 1794. From N. H. Wfiles, grown in i^antly loam a 'Wicse i)lants ore grown in sanely |i.;nt, and in- pent «ill druinc.l. Voung cnllings root freely uar wlicthcr wc arc rut down like tli field, or " gallicrcd like n shock of forn ftdly ripe," grown in snnily peat in;^." ill the same soil. 6. Ap. June, while. 1790. rass of the le," not Crevillea linear • ' ,"' , c ■ I I- I „„#., .vl.r. I.nvp lint Grev lea Imeari-i. e.«. Ap. June, wniie. 1/3U. may wc he found faithful servants, «io ha^e not , ^^^^^ ^ ^ Wales, grown in an e.iual mixture hi.l our talent in the earth, hut so i«rd it as to |M-o- | ^^ ^^^^^^ ^ _^ __ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^.^^^^^ abundance cf inotclhc benevolent purposes for which it was ^p,,,,^ ,,-,,,,„.,, j, „ i.^ i„cren.scd. KKOLAKD rAlUEn. by wliicli It tiuiy Brunia ericoide!< c. 3. July, Auj. while. 1804. A pretty, hushy Cape shrub, which does best il sandy peat soil with a moderate supjily of water; Ma Fr.ssENDEr* — As one amoni the many who ' j,^j young riittings planted in sand under a hel were present at the last lueetiiig oi'jtho Horticuitu- „|„gg ^y\\\ strike root freely intrusted to our keeping FOR Tilt: ral Society, I cumiot refrain from expressing my ; favorable opinion of the beautiful niiiiliiigs, exhib- ited in the Hail, at that time. Slalice mucronala. c. *. June, Aug. crini-son. 1784. An ornamental plant from Barbary, which re- quires care in cultivation In the representation of the Bland ami Isabella j p^„,,,y,i, ,eHce:i. e. 6. Jan. Oct. purple. 1778. Grapes, and Bartlett I'ear, the artisl (Mr IIabvf.v) ^ pj,|,p sliriib with silky leaves, which may b< has executed them with groat nicety and precision, [ ^^f,„„ j,, i^.af mould and peat, or peat loam, ani affording to the observer an accurate delineation of the above fruits. The judicious shades thrown in the hack ground, with the just alid tine colors, not only give satisfaction to the observer on the first view, but show, on a longer examination, a very tzact imitation of the fruit itself; particularly the Bland Grape, with the fine bloom on the ber- ries, and the true ecdor of the wood and leaf. — The Isahell.i w ill bear the same close examination ; you perceive the dark green and smooth leaf with the whitish e;ust underneath ; the large berries with their dark and heavy bloom, llio Iriio robr of the wood, Willi tl.o uccuraie eflect given of the cluster as it bangs. Of the Bartlett Pear, any one who has observed them on the tree, must be struck with the justness of this painting ; the skin, with its beautiful yellow color, the red tints im. e. :i: Jiini^, Sept. violet. Ppain. ICIO. PIcclranlhuH friilico«u<. e. Ji.iio, Sept. blue. Cupe. 1771. A»ler argophyllu'i. c. 10. May, July, white, 1804. Van l)iciimn'ii Land. rooted by niltings in sand, or raised from .seed. Swainsonia galegifolia. e. 2. Jidy, Aug. crimson. 1800. coronillaehlii. e. 2. July, .^ug. purple. 1802. Plants which do best in sandy peat and are ii- creascd by seed. They are natives of N. S. WaUs. Gnaphalium arhoreum. e. 6. June, July, white. 1777. congcitum. e. 3. May, June, purple. 1791 erandinornm. e. 3. June, Aug. while. I73I Beautiful Cape plants which arc cnllivated ir a sandy peat soil, and increased by cuttings under a bell glas.-: in sand, l.oddigesia oxniiilifolia. e. H May, Sept. pale purple. KOi /» l"v>i.> o.i(>c plain ^ruwii in jieai niid loam and increased by cuttings. Cassia corymho«a. e. 3. July, yellow. 1796. A native of B. Ayres, grown in sandy peat, and ini-recsed by cuttings in potsofsaud in moist heat under a hand glass. Cylissus tomcntosus. e. It July, Aug. yellow. 1812. Cape Good Hope. Grown ill peat loam and increased from seed. Andersonia sprengelioides. c 2. March, July. pink. 1S03. A New Holland shrub which grows freely in sandy peat soil, well draineil and care taken not to over water it. The very young tops put in for cuttings under a bell glass in sand will root readily. Cassine maurocenia. c.5. July, Aug. white. 1690. A Cape shrub with handsome foliage but incon- spicuous flowers. Sclagocorynihosa, c. 2. June, July. 1699. A pri'lty, half shrubby Cape plant, with beauti- ful spikes of purple flowers. It is hardy and pro- pagated wiih facility by cuttings. Stylidimn fnilicnsmii. e. Ij. May, Oct. pink. ISO.'). A beiiiitifiil New Holland plant remarkable ll>r the siiigiihir elasliriiy of its i-iilumn, whiib being touched wilh a pin starts wiih violence fnim the side to which it was turned when stimiilaled. It grows in samly Inam nnd peat, and is increascil by seed or by dividing the root. Kossixa Bcolopendrium. e. 10. Mav, Jidv. 1792. iniciophvlla.e. 3 Miv, Aug. 1.80X heleiophvlla. e. 3. Mav, Aug. 1793. cincrcn. e. 3 May. July. 1803. Very heiintifiil New Holland plants wilh yellow flowers which thrive best in an equal mixture of samly loam nnd pent w
ell glass. Wales. 1790 triangulare. e. 4. June, Sept. orange Uienian'ii Land. Itj05. Handsome free flowering plants which grow sandy loam and peat. Trislania ncreilolia. c. 6. June, Sept. yellow 1804. N W lies, conferla. e. 6. July, Sept. yellow. 1803. N. Wales. Eutaxid inyrtirolia. e. 14. March, Juoc. yellow. 1803 N Holland Goodia latiiblia. e. 3. Ap. July. 1793. yellow. Van I man's Land pubesrens. e. 3. Ap. July. 1806. yellow. Van I f man's Land. Sphxrolobiuni vimineum. e. 2. May, Aug. yellow. 1.802, Holland. Buddlea salvifolia. e. 3. Aug. Sept. C. G. Hope. 1760. Dais colinirolia. e. 10. June, July, white. 1776. C. C Hope. Clethra arborea.e.8. Aug. Oct. while. Madeira. 1784 ClifTortia ericsfolia. e. 3. July, Sept. yellow. 1779 C Good Hope. Lachnea purpurea, e. 2. June, July, purple. Cape of C Hope. 1800. Lcptospcrmum, amhiguum. e. 3. June, J»ly. while. ^ Wales. 1791. Bcopariuin. c. 6. June, July* white. I Zealand. 1772. Pretty platits. L. scopariuin grows comim iiii dry places near the shores in New Ze.Tl I aijd the iinderwonil in Adventure Bay. Van man's Lnii.l rliiefly n.nsisls of tliis'sliriib. leaves were used by Capl. Cook's ship's cre\ tea, whence they named it the tea plant. Yt ciittiiiga will root in sand under a bell glass. CLIMBING GREE.-< HOUSE PLANTS. Aristolochia sempervirens. e. 4. May, June, purple. din. 1727. glauca. e. 6. purple. Barbary. 1725. Cultivated in peat and loam, and increase cuttings. Hibbcrlia voluhilis. e. 4. May, Oct. yellow. N. S. V 1790. Kenucdia ruhicunda. e. 10. March, Aug. brown. I7^< S. Wales, corrinea. e. 10. May, Aug. scarlet. 1803. HollaiH). monophylla. c. 10. March, June, purple. Wales. 1790. These are handsome climbers, of the cai culiure in samly pent; the two first are incr*i by ciiltings, and llie Inst by .seed. Psoraloa pala-siina. c. 2. Ap. Sept. violet. Levant. IT * Bi,;noiiia grandiflora. d.30. Ap. July, yellow. China. Capparis sjiinosa. d. 3. May, Aug. while. South of Ev *■ 1596. Thif plant has the hubit of the rommoii b ble ; il grows in similar situations in ihc Sou Europe, espci'iallv on rucks and ruins. It is rivaled in the iieigliboj-liond of Ti'idon in or.l in the iiilirvals between fig and olive trees, mi tiic neighhorhoiid of Paris where it is Iriiine low walls, nnd the shoots during winter laid i* and cnverrd wilh soil In protect from iho fro .\s a pirkic the flower buds of the caper n great esleem ihroiighniit Europe. In Ital' unripe fruit is prepaml in the same way sr flower buds; boih nr« highly acrid nnd bin to the taste. The plant is increased by cut in gaud. Vol. VIII.— No. 25. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 195 tobea scandens. e. May, Oct. 20. purple. Mexico. 1792. Tliis is the most rapid growing green house iiiber known, hiiving been found to grow 200 lylet in length in one summer in a conservatory. — will thrive equally well in the open air during turner, hut is destroyed by frost ; and its shoots e of only annual, or at most of biennial duration. strikes in .sand in moist heat, but it generally jens seeds, which sowed early in the spring will )wer in the green house, or open air the same (ason. (To be continued,) From the New American Gardener. HOT BED. A hot bed, in gardening, is a small bed ound of earth, composed of certain substances, "'olons, as well as in forcing flowers. by successive layers of dung, laid on by a fork, raising it to the desired height, pressing it gently and (Miually throngliout. In general, such bed-; are formed oji a level surface ; hut Knight's mode is, to lorm a surface of earth as a basis, which shall incline to the horizon, to tlie extent of fifteen degrees ; on this he forms the dung bed to the same inclination ; and, finally, the frame, when placed on such a bed, if, as is usual, it be deepest behind, will present its glass at an angle of twenty degrees, instead ofsix or eight ; which is, undoubt- edly, of great advantage in the winter season. This seems a very desirable improvement, wheie light is an object, which it must be in a high de- gree in the case of the cidture of cucumbers and the premium of £65. They have risen with great rapidity since tlie experiments at Rainhill. The success which has attended the use of iron iailways in England, has led to their introduction into France ; and the great one which is now lay- ing down between St Etienne and Lyons, will bo partially open at the beginning of the ensuing year, and the whole will be completed by the end of the year 1831. if- hich, by their fermentation, give warmth to ve tables or .=eeds, set or sowed in ihem, and th^^3 jnlsten their growth. The fermenting substances ed ii)r forming hot beds are, stable litter or dung, a recent or fresh state, tanners' bark, leaves of ses, grass, and the herbaceous parts of plant^ nerally. "Stable dung is in the most general use for •ming hot beds, which are masses of this dung er it has undergone its most violent fermentation, lese masses are generally in the form of solid rallelograms, of magnitude proportioned to the inies which are to be placed on them, the degree heat required, and the season of the year in lich they are formed. "Tanners' bark is only preferred to dung, be- use the substance, which undergoes the process putrid fermentation, requires longer time to de- Hence it is found useful in the bark pits of t houses, as requiring to be seldomer removed renewed than dung, or any other ferraentabli* jstance, that can be procured in equal quantity. '' Leaves, and es]>ecially oak leaves, come the irest to bark, and have the additional advantage, It, when perfectly rotten, like dung, they form a h mould, or excellent manure ; whereas, rotten mers' bark is found rather injurious than useful vegetation, unless well mixed with lime and •th. " Preparation of Manures. — The object of pre- raiion in these three substances being, to get of violent heat, which is produced when the Ij mentatioti is most powerful, it is obvious, that paration must consist in facilitating the process. For this purpose, a certain degree of moisture J air in the fermenting bodies is requisite ; and nee the business of the gardener is, to turn ti sm over frequently, and apply water when ff, 5 process appears impeded for want of it, and elude rain when it seems chilled and impeded too much water. Recent stable dung generally juircs to lie a month in ridges or beds, and bo •ned over in that time thrice, before it is fit for cumber beds of the common construction. Bui i linings, or for frames with moveable bottoms, •ee weeks, a fortnight, or less, will suffice ; or time at all need be given, but the dung formed once into linings. Tan and leaves, in general, t[uire a month ; but much depends on the state the weather, and the season of the year. Fer- intation is always most rapid in summer : and if i materials arc spread abroad during frost, it is tally impeded. "The formation of the duug beds is effected by ht marking out the dimensions of the plan, nich sliould be six inches v/ider on all sides than t of the frame to bo placed over it ; and then, .\shes are often mixed with the dung of hot bed.s, and are supjjosed to promote the steadiness and ihn-ation of their heat, and at first to revive it if somewhat decayed. Tan and leaves have becti used for the same purpose ; and it is gene- rally found, that about one third of tan and two thirds of dung will form a more durable and less violent heat than a bed wholly of dung. The heat of dung beds is revived by linings or collateral and surrounding walls or banks of fresh dung, the old climg of the bed being previously cut down close :o tiie frame. These linings, as before observed, '■e(piire less [ireparation than the dung for the beds. The dung bed, being formed, and having stood two or three days with the frame and lights placed over it to protect it from the rain, is next to be covered with earth of quality, and in quantity, ac- cording to the purpose to which it is to be applied. In severe weather, the sides of the bed are often protected by bundles of straw or fagots, which ttud to prevent the escape of the heat." Endive, or Succory, substitute for Coffee. — A coin- nnmication made to the London Medico Botanical Society, states, that the root of Endive, or Succo- ry, roasted and reduced to a powder, is an excel- lent substitute for tea or coffee. It is in general use in Russir.. This information is considered valuable in England. SILK WORMS. M. Tin-ck of Plombiers, in France, having pro- posed the employment of the leaves of the Srori- onera, to rear silk worms, Madile, Cage, ofEpinal, was repuested to try the experiment ; the success was conq)lete. The silk pro .•nrru,^'es.lnnvn..)/.or- ,.,,^„^^.i,„ „,o,.arcl,>., he procurc-.l Irof It hy JobPi.h into Caiman to l.rinB his , ^ ^^_, ... , . i..,,.„4 Willi CXiraen hwup »■•*. —. < .._ wnro •iplll 11 V JOb**l'll Ulio \-aiin«n" *•• " " " I «' ...» I •^Mhe -|.;7,;;";^r.et:. "^ we' :ol"%c:^M I horsi. I hccn hut hitelv "'t-'''"-';," ^T ' "-, attacked .he Kon-i«h near Mecea, he 1,.. .| "^a "i'ou nM ify coinmUting to type the following „„, ,„:„.i , ous, or ...t us.-.l n. .''■ "^^^ "[^'^J'f^'; ,„.o hor.e, in his ,vhol . army ; and a. the .lose redeem our pledge y B .j^RSE f"r the whole of the corn, wh.ih «"«'" ''^^"" ^■^ murderous lamimipi., although he d.oM-. ti>*'-TER '• i sistPnie for Jacoli'a large househohl, was carne.l on ^^^^^^ . ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^,,^ ihou.«aiid o* Inio this and ihc various hrerds of horses, wc , ^^^^^^j, l,„f„,p res of silver, nol one horse appears in the li-rt 1 Urn er at some length, and nlll.o'iSl' H-e ".ore [ „ „,,p,„,_ ,hen, that ahout 1740 years «"'<°'-'^l "1,,,,^, nrnctiral division of the Treatise »ill he ihercl.y • f,,,^.,^, ,,„^^^^ ,,„e first useil in Epypt ; but they 1 ,^.^_^^^ .^ ^ ^^_^.^^^ ^^^^^j ^^ „,^ commerce Tecessarily ,.ost,.oucd until the next monllily part ! ^„„„ „f,„.,v„rds hecamc so numerous as '" f";'"| ,,i^.,^,.„, countries at the close of the second c wc SI...II tiot, even at present, forRM the name of , ^ eonsiilerahle proportion of the E^-yi"^''" "f" > ' . ^^^^^. ^,„„„j, .^^ „r.icles exported from Et-;, the Miliary to which it helonss, hut endeavor to | ^,,_, „,,^„ „„^ Israelites returned into ^»'";'' "•'"'. | ,„ Arahia,ai,d particularly as presents to re.cn, blend the usrful with the entcrtaini..?. , ,„„.sc had hecn introduced and nntj.i-al.ze.l tii r_ , ^ _^ _ _^__^_.j^^ ^.^.^^ ,,„r,^, | The native country of the horse cannot W'H> 1 f„r the Canaanites ' went out to fight against Is J . ,»,..... - „ , li, ihe fourth ccntun, two hundred Cnppa. certainty he traced. He has heeii foun.l, varying ] ^_^^, ^^.j,,, ,,„rs,.s and chariots very many. ^.^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^p,,, ,,y ,,,g R„,„an ,.|npcror, materially in size, in form and in Utility, in all the j J.^^^ ^„,.^p,, ^o,,„„e, therefore, clears up a pom. ^^^^^^ „rccptahle present he could offer a po ^mnerate. in most of the sultry, tind in »uiny of| ^^j,.,, „„ „t,,„ record throws any '!-""'- p, .„^„ „f Arahia. the norUiern regions of the OM 1 „Lely, the period when the horse fir''*''-'^^ r'^;:„Vate as the .seventh century, the Arabs I In the Saered Volutne, which, bt.ide it., higher |, he servant of man, at least in ""« ''"" ''^ j Uy, i.^rses, and those of little value. These I in nil. •^'«^' it..„„„,.v I. irn. I II _..j .i.«. .l,p mnst advanced in civilization, ...n-..:_...i., ,.,,..•» il.ni however str. » .t „ «..^i-r.fl V^oliime winch, n«?iiie ii.s iiikuki (he servant oi iiiiiii, m •^••■^•- ■ - ■ . elaims.:.'amTat tTieTie-ad of the F er's Lihta- j .„,d, a.id that the most "-^y--^^:;;;; ™;:; ^v contains the oldest authentic record of past ,a,„n,efore Greece was peopled. A lonf, time ini t ausact o s e are told that.so early .s le.-.O years have elapse.l hefore man was able to »-" -" •^- beTro the hirth of Christ, the hor.se had been do- Line and peculiar use of "-."""';"« ';"'„„"; Seated hy the Egyptians. When Joseph car- mounded him. He would hcgm with themor. few horses, and those of little value. These I eumstances sufficiently prove that, however sti nor may he the present breed, it is compar«li» lately that the horse was naturalized in Arabia 'I'lie horses of Arabia itself, and of the sou Seated by he Egyptiaris. When Joseph car- I „.,ndcd hitn. He woul.l begin with the ";°" I ^.ern parts of Europe, are dearly derived f, ried is father's reim.ins from Eg> pt to Canaan, Uuhonliuate-those which were most easdy ea gl e|. ,^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^,_^^^ ,, „^ riea HIS i.mici , i i.„v=o_ j. i.i,- .-..Iwluerl t :ind the benefits wlinii "-f-.'i ' „,..,„ r„„inn« nf Asia. ried his father's remains irom c^gyiu lu v,..i....>.., sm,onimaie— iii..=<= fi,,.,vliieli "Sere went up with him botii chariots and horse- „„rf ,„„st rea.ldy suhdued ; and the ''<^ '<^fi'^;^ ', „ m" O," h'undred and fifty years afterwards, he derived from their lahors -ouh mduce uu Te horse constitute the principal Hrcngth of the „„empt the con,uesl of superior H '"<';' >-^^^^^^^ Egyptian army. Pharaoh pursued the Israelites ,,,o,,a.,ee with this, the ;-""'!^';; I'^.f^^';,; ^lan ^vUh "si., hundred el.osen chariot.s, and with all I ,hat, after the ex the sheep, - "^ f °" ^^^ ,hc chariots of Egypt." snl.dned the ass, and then ""-^^ '"':^; ;", '^ 'j^';',, If we could believe the accounts of the nnin- 1 all, the •--^-J, -;:; ^^ . 'doHmr^n: .pired historians, Sesostris (the monarch probably | was /le ^"'"'"^ ■ » ' „ " 1^ „,hers were eom- whoui Joseuh served,) had twentyseven ^^'-"^'''^'^^--"'^"'y ^f'^"^:^;^'^^ wUro e,.ariotsofwar;am.S.mir.ni.O^ S;": .'.rl,:;;;::;: -Tut' .his was probal..y a - thonty ..l on extensive and barren deserts, where .„., he could not live.* ^' K^f, V ™''arte the expulsion of the Israelites From Egypt the use of the horse was prnpaga- r L^„^.m^ 1450 years before the birth of 1 ted to other and di.s.ant latids ; and probahly, the ;^h:L; ^h^:::;; w^sl^r naturalized in «reece, horse himse,^^^^^ r^rn:r--wr.=;:;;:StE;=:r=^^^ r;e:i:rS:r^tii!:x:::::;"o;s:ndirr.d^i^t:x^^ Uirtunitely; Ibr the wo.t of .-PO-"- (Xt!;^- ^Ll^rio^g;;."""^ '"F::m lT:-eords of the Old Testament, wo arc I The Ilihle likewise decides --■- P"';;-;;- bkeX enal.l.Ml to ascertain the precise period of j Arabia, hy whose breed of "Tses those < f ot me When in E-ypt and Canaan, and, the neigh- coun.ri..s have been so n.ueli ."M--o^ed, was not : n^t:. H..:this ammal heg^i to be domesti- ,li« native pla.-e of the ho-s. ^^^l^^^'^^^^ cated 1920 years before the birth ofClirist, when after the tune just rcferre.l to, A'" a ha 1 no Abraham IriVin- left Ilarnn, in ohc.Ucnce to the ' ses. Solomon imported Fp«-es, go d, and s.li.r dSe c:;mm::r. wr .biye'ii into Egypt hy the | from Arabia ; hut nil the h.u^s for hisj^y^. eaval ■ famine which raged in Canaan, Pharaoh offei-cd ^ ^ ^ ^ -^^^^^^^ ^^_^^^^^ ^_,,, bim^heep and oxen, and asses and eaniels. «' "•^'•^ , ,^, ,J..V„„ ,„,„„Hes of the K,,... ho examinr.l. »monp would doubtless have hcen aildeil, had they ""^'- i„,her relics of anliquitv, the sculpKires on ih<- r.iii.s of cd, or had they been subdued in Egypt. Pcrscpolis and he draw's from them a cmio'i|» au'l mlcrcst- When fifiv year.^ afterwards, Ahralinm jonr- ' ;„., conclusion as lo the manner in whicli the ,">^^ "»'' ,.e;Il^::•Mo.L;^.rialltoo^Vr;,phiso..,yson|g.«^ he rode upon an ass, whieli, with all his wi.ai.li j„^n,j„np,| |,o,..„.n,rn among llio^er-culptures. One wo.ild and power, he would fcnrrely have d«ne, had the ,|,i„^ ,,,,,, „,„ .in,,,i„ „ct of mounting on a how s l.ark horse heeil known. would naturally have preccd. d the u^e of wl.ccl-c.na '-ThiU year, later, when Jacob returned to "^l^— ^-^ rrf,^r^''="r ^pre- Irtoac with Rachel nii.l l.enh, nil nceount is given »^^|^^, '^ cl.'uiotr.. from wliicl. the warrior, somcnme^ of the nunih.T t until twcntyfo'ir yi-ars after this, w lien ^ ^^^ | ,.,.„|||,i,, f„.,i i„<|,Mod the Persians willi » love the famine .levastnle.l Canaan, and Jacob sent in- ^f cq.iesiiian exuci o. of which, l>^-fore his time, they to Egypt to buy com, .lint horcs are first heard were wholly ir;noi«nt."— vol. il. p. -."8- Egypt ; but whether they were there brc.l, or ported from the south-wtstern regions of Asia, H as is more probable, brought from the interior^ northern coa.-^ts of Africa, cannot with cen he deleritiined. (To be eontiniud.) NOMENCLATURE OE GRAPES. I fFurlhcr extracts frcm Prince's Treatise on the rultui Uie Vine, now in press, and speedily to be pubUshe EAIII.T OVAL. Hy this title a grape is known and culti\ aroii'iid Boston, which is much valued ; the ripens very early, the skin is thin, nn.l the 11 delicious ; the berries grow dose, and are l rally thinne.l out hy cultivators. 1 noticed a large niimher of very thrifty vn the nurseries of the M.-ssrs Winships i.t Rri- in whose collection are also .onccnlratcd a ^ variety of the choicest kinds of vines to he^ I". ^ in tln^ grape houses anil gardens around P."- in addition to which, th.'y have alnrgcassoi: ..f fruit and ornamental trees, plants, &c., ■ they show great enterprise in extending. JULY OKAPF. — Pr. Cat. No. 1. ]\Iaurilli)n hatif, Duh. Madel.-ine. Murilhrn hatif. M.Hillo,, uoir hatif. P.'tit morilhin hatif. Kiiisin preeoee. Raisin de In ma.leleinc. Early black cluster. Magdalen. Vitis pra:cox of Columella. Vitis nctno parvo, ttUiroluMlo, nigrieanlt, jira ^ — nuhiiinel. • Tlie historimi ti»e» us the pilce of Iho bors.' chariot at that time. A hor«e In ought from Kr) y ding, pro''al«lv,lhe .-xi'ensc ol the journey, cost, dred and fifty shekels of -ilver, which, at two -1 s'l three priirc. and one lulf f.irlhing each, nmminls i.> i aevenlecn p.mnds, twoshillinirs. A rhtiiot coi« dreH shekels, or sixiy.-ipht poun.ls, eichi »l.illiiics ; a cnonnoiis sum «l thiteaily piMiOtl, hot linle lo liuu rxprnded more th.m thirlyfive millions of jMiunds in lolone, to ornament Ihe Temple which he li«d hui'i The leaves of tliis vine arc small, of a light .611 hiio above and beneath, and the borders in- nted with large teeth somewhat pointed ; the nches are small an.l very compact ; the berries lirh compose them are also small, romi.l, and of blackish violet color, covered with bloom— they e sweet, bnt- not high flavore". ^ ^"-^.^ •„f,,„i.,„ i, ,,ere f.om a f June, just as the blossom has ,«issed and the , •1''«^7 ? "'"' ;,.,^t di ti.ict from all others, but •uit becomes formed, the ends of the «'-''^'-;^ i ^°"^'''«''';;" , 'V^\ '^'t lie kind which it has been hoots must be cut off two or three joints beyond , to «l;ow tha t - '°; " ,,^,,,^,^„^ horticulturists iie last bunches— this will cause new shoots i,n- considered by seveiai "» j- _ _ ^ _^ ^^ mediately to spring from the joints of the new ,ood that are left, which will unf.dd in due course secon.l crop, and as soon as the blossoms of „Pse secondary clusters have fallen, the operalion f pruning off the shoots must be renewed with hese as in the fi.st instances which wdl cause the brmation, but with less rapidity than before of a ,ird set of shoots, from which will be developed . third crop of clusters. These last it is better .ever to prune ; and the fruit on them, whicn is ,ut scanty, seldom attains to maturity .n high lat- 'Vli-ht and rich soil is prefer.ible for this vine, consuieic" "J " ■ , I By such it h-is been pr.u.o.mced to be th., .o>,.l muscadine, f.om which I find it to .l.ff.-r m seve- ral respects; pa.ti.t.lmly m this, that it is one of those I'in.ls most sensible to early frosts, an.l to the severity of the winter i.i our couiury expo- sures; where, if ..nproteced at ^'"' ^'^^""'^ young vines are killed to the ground, and older ones ofte.i much injured; whereas the royal "ms- cadine is well known to be one of those which best support the cold. It is .b.ubtless a variety intro-iulcd fiomthe -'"''-f t^™'-' -/;;■;;;; other southern climate, or perhaps a seedling Irom some g.-ape from that quarter. Mr Probyn states, A light and rich soil is prelerame lor ui.s v..., some g. a,,. "" "; • ,, „i,^t,,,., ^.„ti,„| . md in^lro,lghts it would be better to irrigate .that bis -- -• ' J'l'^fi.; ,, „,e,„ „o proti^Ci.-n. To obtain the three crops in this latitude, espalier ,,n,„jure.l, "'' ^'^ . ,;,"^'^, ,,, ,,,;, ^eing in a city .lattice trailing is indispensably necessary, -- »"' '''^ ^ 'J^^ ''^,;~ .lelter and a.^ehora.ed ,ompanied by a southern exposure. „, J ^'"■''"'' ".'l !„ eo^ e . on such a congregated In open field culture two crops only, and he ; " "-if ,'^.,'^':f^' '„'.„,„ ,„,.se the most tender second rather indifferent m point of si/.e, h.^ve , ,„ass of dwelling>, gene " y been obtained from it. but in the vicinity of Fans, southern varieties to .uccccd. From the Hampshire Gazcltc, ERRORS AND SUPERSTITIONS. Jllmanacs. — Some intelligent gentlemen in Bos- ton have published "The American Almanac and Rcpo>itory of Useful Knowledge, for the year 1830." It comiiriscs a great deal of valuable in- formation respecting Astronomy, Agriculture, Sta- tistics, &c. — Price $1.-308 pages. One article in this Almanac, (from an English publication,) exposes and ridicules the errors and 8ii])cislitious in England, with regard to the wea- ther, signs, saints' days, &c. A British almanac for 1678 is compared with those for 1829, and it is (bund that many of the silly notions entertained 150 years ago, respecting the weather, the influ- ence of the planets, comets, &c. arc still kept up by the English almanac makers. The weather piophccies for 1829 are similar to those for 1678, and the writer remarks that thousands of credu- lous farmers in England, too often have their grain and bav spoiled by their reliance on these false predictions, which are expressly manufactured to impose upon the ignorant. Predictions of wars, famines, inpurrerlions, discords, &c. are still in- serte.l in the British almanacs ; the cheat goes on from age to age, and the language of imposture is not altered by the progress of knowledge. Men can calculate and predict accurately the eclipses of the sun, moon, and planets, but they cannot foretel about lain, hail, snow, and winds. Eclipses depend upon the relative positions of the heavenly bodies ; their motions result from a few simple laws which have been discovered and it can he ascertained where one of these bodies will be at any particular lime, almost to a ban's breadth. But fair weather and foul are the result of so many causes, some of which are very imper- c.^.V — J — ."-.4, that no man can honestly make any pretensions to foreknowieoge in these things. From certain states of the air, and cer- tain appearances in the heavens, we may antici- pate the weather for a few hours, but no one can lay claim to such knowledge a week beforehand, aii.l still less in season for an almanac. All such pie.lictions are to be regarded as a species of quackery, the relics of astrology, of a system of fraud which .he selfish and designing are always ready to practice upon the credulous an.l unthink- ing pnitof society.— (Abridged from the American Almanac.) Some 40 or 50 years ago, a farmer in Hainp- shiie county, found in his almanacngainst a day in July, the following alarming words : — C. P. Barnstable. Ihuvder. On the preceding .lav, be gathered into his barn all his irrass that was mown, and resolved to do no more at bavins '""'I '''^ tempest was past. The next morning'he found one of his neighbors mow- ;„„ an.l expressed bis surprise that he should cut |,is ..r.-iss when such a terrible sto.-m was at hand. "Storm ! what stor'm ? " said his neighbor. " Why, wc are goine to have a dreadfid storm of Barn- stable Ib.m'.ler to.lay ; the almanac says so. .. What i.s Barnstable thunder ? " asked Ins ne.gh- l.or " Oh, I do n't know exactly, hut it must be the iMost honihie thunder ever known." This man a l„,|i,r was not a whit more irrational and absurd „,„„ „,„ .,f those who now consult the signs and w. .Mhor pre ,i.-,ions of the almanac. \V e know . t by Lose almanac makers, who endeavor to u"en 1 popular delusions, have ba.ushed from ■,/,^ace he figure of a man stuck full of arrows 198 NPAV ENGLAND FAUMER, Jan. 8, 1330. f I 1 to foot wliicli uscil to cinl)ell.,-sli all I will .(.rrod.- lea 1 ; llie uattr will liol.l the Ita.l in for roiitaining milk, or any oily or grcuM siibstanc from ieB< . old fellow lost liis solui'o". "'"" ll'<; '•^"'l I "'cms into all our food, a* will as for (jickleB, vinegar, cider, &.C. &< our almanacs, wny ons """ "■" . , , , l,i-( Mitriil>cis are BCattcrcd llirougli ■■' -- L'oniieclcd place, while . • i- ,11 the months? It wan an intcrcslii.fc' picture lor children and dunce. ; it exposed to tl,e eye the whole «yHlem of signf, and prevented mistakes. Friday— 'Vhc Pagan Kii|>crstitioti with Friday, ftill retain their exislelice among us, BDd, with other diistioiis. It is wonderful that such a stupid notion should so long have been rctaineil among a christian people. " Let me ask the observers of Friday," says an in- lelligent writer," whence you came by the opinion that this is an unlucky day ? Did you learn it from your bibles? Has God anywhere infcnned you that when, in the coui-se of tlis six days of crea- tion, that day first appeared, and when he pro- nounced his productions of that day ' very good,' he, notwithstamling, designed the day it.selfto be Tery bad ? Surely you will not charge God fool- ishly. If you believe that some evil agent busies himself in mischief on that day, and relinquish your lawful pursuits through fear of him, you do homage to the devil. Ye worship ye know not what." where water is used in preparing it. This re- dangerous, and may be the cause of the r mark will apply to all kitchen utciisilB that are used l/m(o>ium, (painters' colic) one of the most i\a in preparing food. None should be used which }r«iis and distressing complaints to which Vrf.VI II, all frame is liable. We will therefore i:.- eitract from our correspondent's eomniuim skowiiig where substitutes for leaden pi|>ee uiuy bt i obtained. | " There are other materials for pipes beside* I bad, and innocent too, such as cast iron, earthen, ' vood, all which are innocent, if the earthen ii liade without being glazed with lead, as the best I pipes v.'oiild be of what is denominated stone ware, i These may be obtained at the Potteries in Cam bridge, Lynn and Salem. These kinds of pipes ar« arc made of lead, or leaded inside." We think this writer's apprehen.sions relative to the use of lead, /or waltr pipes merely, are not well founded. Thurc arc, we believe, no acids found in wati^r in its natural slate, which will act on leail. Tlie most common are, sulphuric acid, or oil of vitriol, and carbonic acid, which gives pungency anes for the convey- ance of water : — 7ron pipes are at the jircsent day, considered J/taZ• — .-o '"" •"«:". '" "'« cause of most maladies and this is particularly in- jurious as we advance in life. Occasional fasting will generally correct indisposition, without med- icine, which should be considered as only a despe- rate resource. We require about a fourth of the twentyfour hours for sleep ; but it should be good, and that can only be acquired by a regular digestion and inhaling pure air while in bed. If we do not rise early, sleeping with open windows, will ho a tolerable substitute for that important aid of hc.dth. — Simplicity of Health by Hortator. JlmericanSilk. — The National Intelligencer men- tions two beautiful specimens of Sewing Silk, made in the interior of NewHampshire which have been exhibited at the seat of eovernment. — The colours of which are bright, the thnvnd very smooth and even, and the quality throughout, sel- dom exceeded. preferable to those of wood, being stronger, and in most situations more durable. They are made of cast iron, with a socket, or enlarged cavity at one end, into which the end of the next pipe is received. The joints thus formed, are rendered tight, either by tilling the interstices with lead, or by driving in a small quantity of hemp, and filling; the remainder of the socket w " made of sulphur, muriate of ammonia, and MANUFACTURE OF CIDER. Extracts of a letter written by an eminent ag- licnlturist in llallowell. Me. and directed to Hon. J. W., Boston. Some persons from Devonshire, in England, having assured nie here that cider was made io that country whicli would remain good for two or three years, though not placed in cellars, but kept on ground floors, 1 detained one of them in my em|>loy through the last spring and summer, ai hi, ' »tii»iiig brill tlio )>rinripnl fiinnnger on n euiiside- lip- 1 rahle farm near F.xeter, making a niimher of bun- NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 8, 1830. LEADEN PIPES. A correspondent writes, that among the evils which have bad their origin in the avarice and in- dolence of mankinil, " first in our view i", the in- troiluclion and use of the leaden pipe for water to be u^ed for family pur|ioses," &c. Again he says, " Wu believe it will be (.'eiierally admitted that (he lanil of New England is strongly impregnated with lime ; and where lime is found, there the wa- ter is impregnated with carbonic acid ; the ncid pings of iron. Co/);)fr ;?i/)fs are extremely dura- , dred large barrels of cider ennually. As I have hie, and are made of sheet copper, witli the edge reason to be content with the measure, I prcsiiin* turned up and soldered. They require to be tin- i now to recommend the party to you. nod insi, there can he no danger in the use of leaden pipes for conveying water only. Bill lead for cooking utensils, vessels master supplied the table of Lord Clillord, ami v.i- rious counlry gentlemen, besides soii>c phvsiciaiif at Exeter ; sending some of his crop also to the London market. His master's grinding lasted 4 or 6 months, consisting for much the larger part of his cro|i, of ipind fills, by system. 1 am going to send for iron nuts to England, where they cost only a few i>i'iiiids ; and shall lend them to my friend Mr IJ. II. (I. to serve fur models for castiiiK al his furnaie. I have exnmiiied large iron per- pendiatlar nuts s.dd lierc, but n-jeeted them as more costly, and much less cflicient ; the Devon- Vol. VIII.— No. 25. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 199 liire nuts making dry pomace at once. Souic orizonlal ones exist in Peiiiisylvania. HOIITICULTURAI. SOCIETY. There was a meeting of tlic Society at their lall on Saturday, the 2d inst., when some wines rom the vineyard of Major Adlum, near George- own, D. C. and fruits hy some of the MeaiberSi vere presented for examination. Of the wines, Tokay, Chatnpaigne, Catawha, 5chuylkill, and Adhiin's Madeira, a ifecided pre. erence was given to the Tokay, Madeira, and Catawha, all of which were pronounceil excellent f their kind. The other varieties were of fair |uahty, altliough it is very likely that age would lave improved them. From J. Pri.nce, Esq. Roxhury, specimens of ^mbretle pears in fine eating, otlier pears not ina- ure. Also, some Old Currant wine, made in 1821 nd 1825, from white Dutch Currants; an excel- ent dry wine. Some Black Currant Wine made n 1823, very pleasant. From Z. Cook, Jr. Esq. Dorchester, a basket jf Isabella grapes, which had been preserved in lawdust ; they were full, fair, and ])leasant flavored, dthough they had lost a portion of their sprightli- less. From E. Bautlett, Esq. Roxhury, specimens )f Golden Pippins, very handsome. Nonsuch ipples, large and very handsome. A large and landsorne pear, name unknown, not in eating. From Adams Foster, Esq. Providence, speci- mens of large fair yellow apples, said to he from a geedlingof Rhode Island; the flavor quite plea- sant, and a mediiun eating apple ; part of them rather dry, and becoming mealy. From E. M. Richards, Esq., Dedliam, speci- mens of Ainhictte pears, in ^ue paling; ilI«o,^t*fO Colmar, not mature. From Mr N. Seavek, Roxhury, specimens of Ambrette pears, in fine eating. Brighton Market. — Monday, Jan, 4. (Reported fi>r ihe Chronicle and I'alrioi.) 666 Cattle and 1899 Sheep at market, of which 199 cattle and 1046 sheep, (inchnling 8 cattle, and -219 sheep unsold last week) were at the up- per market, and 467 cattle, 853 sheep, (including 50 cattle and 194 sheep unsold last week) were at the lower market. More beef cattle remained un- sold at the close of the market today than at any one day for the last three or four weeks. We are not aware that prices varied materially ; we con- tinue our last week's (piotations, viz : beef $4 T5 a $5 per cwt. ; next quality 4^ a 4J, and other kinds 3J a 4 : store cattle were all taken. The theep at market today were not of so good quality as we sometimes notice ; but very few brought over $2 per head. We quote lots, generally at from $1 .33 a $1 75 per head. Stvine — since our last 230 Shoats from Chenango Co. N. V. have come to market, and were disposed of at 3^ r. per lb. ; subsequently a part were taken at 4j^. To- day 125 at market; a few were sold by retail at 4J a 5J, and the residue in one lot at about 4 c. per lb. ; a lot of 80 from Vermont were taken be- fore getting in, at 4c. The Militia. — Flfforts are now making in the Maryland Legislature to abolish militia trainings. They have been wholly or partially abolished in leveral States. Public opinion calls loudly for a reform in this panicidar in Massachusetts. Gardener Wanted. The suhscribcr wishes lo employ a gardener who unrlerslands his profession, and can produce salisfaciory recommendations; peniianeiit employ anil good pncttur.Tgemenl will be given. Ap- plication may be made al 548, Washiiigionsirecl, Hosi™. Jan. 8. If THOMAS BREWER. Seneca Oil. A few gallons Seneca oil, for sale by Jan. 8. 4l * JONATHAN P. HALL, Jr. No. I , Unionslreel, Boston. Valuable Real Estate. For sale, 370 acres of bind in the town of Bradford, Mass. called the Elwell Farm, l^ing on Meriimack river, and on the post road from Haverhill to Salem and New'buryport, one mile from Haverhill bridge, and which would be sold in divisions lo suit purchasers, having several houses, barns, and out houses ihereon, lo accommodate five or more farms, as might be wanted. Said land consists of mowing, tillage, and orcharding excelled by none in the county of Essex, and has an island di- rectly opposite containing iO acres, well situated for the keep ing of sheep, or cultivation of grapes. Also, about 70 acres of alt I For terms, which would be made easy, please applv al the lerrimack Hank m Haverhill, or, of Messrs J. & H. J. How, terchaiils, in Hoston. 7t * Haverhill. Ms Jan. 8, 1830. Green House Manual. For sale al the New England Farmer office, No. 52, Norlh Market street. One Copy only of the Hothouse and Green house Manual, giving full instructions on the general management of Slove and Green House Planis— Hardy Trees and Shrubs— Hardy Herbaceous Planis— Annuals and Biennials— Management of Plants in Rooms, itc. disposed under the generic names of the planis, alphabiairally arranged under the heads of the deparl- ments of Horlicuhuie lo whia(r!(7Cirn- Ihos, or three thorned Acacia, for live fences. This is ihe sort recommended by Judge BuEf., (in the New England Farmer (or Dec. 11, page 1G4.) who has several thousand plums grow- in"^. as the best plant thai can be ciillivaied in this country for hcTigps; of very rnpid growth, long and abundant thorns, and of hard and slrohg wood. tf Ja"- "■ For Sale. A very superior Imported Maltese Jack, five years old the coming spring, a sure foal getter. Apply al the office of ihe New Kngland Farmer, or through the Boslcn Post Office, post paid, direct to' C If * J-''"- ^- Pulverized Herbs. Jus! received at the Seed Slore connected with the New England Faimer, 5".!, North Market svreet. an assortment of pulverized Herbs, neatly put np in packages of one quarter ol apound each,allherollov.ing prices —Sweet Marjorum, 50 CP„ls_Thyme ,13 cents- Summer Savory 25 cents- Sage 17 t.,.„ts_also, VVtiite Rose Rowers, al $1 per lb., a liberal dis- count made lo dealers. The above were prepared by ihe Shakers at Harvard, and ere all Ihe growth of 18:9. Jan. 8. If Harvard I'nii will appear n Treatise on JIgriculture. Just received at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, No. 52 North Market street, A Treati.se on Agriculture; comprising a concise his- tory of its origin and progress, the present condition nf the art, abroad and at home, and the theory and prac- tice of Husbandry, which have arisen out of the present state of philosophical attainments in Europe. By a Practical Farmer. CONTENTS. Of the rise and progress of Agriculture. Of Ihe actual state of Agriculture in Europe. The ry of Vegetation. Of the analysis of Soils, and the agricultural relations between Soils and Plants. Of practical agriculture and its necessary imple- ments Of Manures — their management and application. Of Tillaire, and the principles on which it is founded Of a Rotation of Crops, and the principles on which it is founded. Of the plants recommended for a course of crops, (in the preceding section) and their culture. Of other planis useful in a rotation of crops, and adapted to our climate. Of Meadows. — Of Orchards. — Of Farm Cattle. — Of the Dairy. The above work is in one octavo volume, 168 pages price 624 cents. Published by J. Buel, Albuny. Silxiation Wunkd. Wants a situation as Gardener, a married man, a naiive of ScollamI, wilh a wile and ihrce heallhy thildren; he is tho- roughly master nf ihe kilchrn, fruit, and Cower garden, hot and green houses, and their repositories, bin ing Ind a roiisit enible prat lice in Scotland an.l KngUind, likew j.vc, has u good know ledge of dairy and olher laiiiniif; ; I lie wile would not object lo .he I barge ol ihe daily. nidi «iii
  • 9 SO Cargo, No. 1, o 7 75 8 00 Cargo, No. !, " 6 75 700 BUTTER, inspected. No. 1, new. pound. 12 M CHEESE, new milk. " 6 8 2 3 FLOUR, Ballimore, Howara-simn, - bAi-rol. 6 &0 S 75 Genesee, - - - o 5 60 5 75 Rye, best, .... '• 3 64 3 87 GRAIN, <;orn, .... lushel. (,2 63 Rvc, " ir, 78 Barley, - - " 67 Oats, .... " 40 45 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. pound. 8 00 8 50 LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails al ton. 3 50 PORK, clear, . - - - barrel. 15 00 16 CO Navy, mess, " 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, . jushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, ... " 3 00 Rye Grass, . - ** 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Grass, . " 3 110 Red Top .... " 62 1 00 Lucerne, - - . - pound. 3R 60 White Honeysuckle Clover, o 33 50 Red Clover, (northern) *' 7 8 French Sngar Reel, - " 1 60 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . " 38 40 Merino, full blood, unwashed. " 25 Mei.no, ihree lourlhs washed. " 30 35 Merino, hall blood, - '' 28 33 Merino, quar'.er washed. '' 2.5 28 Nal've, washed, - o 25 28 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - o 37 38 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. it 21! 31 Pulled, " spinning, firsl sort " SO 33 PROVISION MAUKET. CORRECTED EVy.PV WEEK BY MR HIVWARD, ( Lie. K nf FaneuilhaU Market.) BEEF, best pii ^, PORK, fresh, besi pieces, whole hogs, VKAl.. - .MUTTON. . . - . POULTRY. . - - - BUTTER, keg and luh, . Lump, best, EGGS, MF.AL. Kve.relail, . Indian, reiail, POT'VTOS. CIDER, [according to quality,] lad 200 NEW ENGLAND FAIliMEll. Jan. 8, 1»30. MISCELLANIES. roR THE HKW ENOLAKO FARkCB. HOT COFFEE. Ut birchanaliaii" chant the praiw of iviiie, -i^nd bow their trembling knees before iti shrine, While Gout and Orop^y follow in their Ireiii, And form the chorus of their mirthful alrjin ; — l^t others sing the !<|>iril9 of the still, Tell how they elevate, and how the y liill — Show how, like Circe's fatal cup, they cliirni. Turn man to brute, of reason quite disarm, — .Show weeping wives, heart broken with despair, And hungry children, ignorant and bare — Describe this fiery Moloch raging round, Disclose the \iclimsin his fetters bound, — Show how, with poverty and lasting shame, Lethe's black mantle covers up their name. — From scenes like these my ^lu^e disgusted turns, Andwitli impatience of their folly burns. A nobler theme inspires my youthful tongue,— A nobler theme, though yet in verse unsung ; CorrEE, I sing ! celestial gifl ! designM To soothe the wants and sorrows of mankind. The tempting grape, which gives such madd'ning blias, Sinks into nothing, when compafed wi h Uiis. So other strong, intoxicating draughts Burn up the entrails, while the suDerer lau'U!>i So deithless vultures round Prometheus flock. Feast on his liver, and his groanings moek ; And the gay poppy claims in vain our praise. When named with Colfue's ever blooming bays; Its potent juice may ease the sick man's pain, But oHen used, will stupify the brain, And drive all noble ilaring from the mind. With all the virtues that adorn mankind. Inebriate Turks lie grovelling on the ground, With opiate fetters long ignobly bound ; On them fair science never deigns to shine. Nor freedom wakes the soul to acts divine ; But on their necks the haughty Sultan treads. Applies the bowstring, or demands their heads ; So artful boys throw poison in the brook And lake the sleeping lish without a hook. Kven China'" boast must hide its pallid fa"— - tJunpowdcr. Hy^n, .ii th.. ii.iiieriai race, When colTee comes, hot smoking from the vase. The evening feast, and morning's chief delight. Like nectar, fragrant, and like amber, bright. Health and good feeling, sparkling in the bowl, We quafT delight, and elevate the soul. While charity divine, in one embrace. Includes all Adam's coexisting race. Florida, A. y. Dec. 17, 18i9. TYRO. The paragraph goiag the round of tho press, tertiicd " Sliulcspuare altered a little," ia nothing more than nnother rending of an old sln^^e iiia- noDitvre in tlie .State dI" New York. A sliolliiig company was perfuriiiing Macbeth iiuar Albany, and the only musieul instrument they had, \\a» u flute, played by tlin manager's Run, a lad of four- teen. Instead of ■■ A drum — a drum, Maelieth doth come," this Yankee >Slriit mnciagod the rend- ing as follows : — !.»/ IVilch. — llurk! I lieara dule, — a flute I 'Id H'ilch. — Macbeth doth come — U Witch — A wicked brute. This new reading was never found fault with till one night, an Irish settler settled with the manager ; for on tlio witch exclaiming, " A wicked brute," Paddy, imitnting the Witch's voice, ex- claimed, " Och ! Y.iiikee witch, your riOe shoot." — Ijon. paper. From the Journal of Heillh. Choice of Occupation. — It is a very common error with part^iits, in ileti-rininiiig upon the future occupations of their cliilclren, to tix upon a pro- fession, or sonic Hodcnlary iinploynieiil, for llioee of a weakly or delicate coiistitiilioii ; while to the robust and vigorous, i.s us.signed a more active and laborious oci'upation, res.sional care niiglil have been speedily ctireil. Slime of the pre.sciiplions most commonly em- ployed in domestic praclice, in iheso cases, are garlic or tansy steeped in spirits, a strong soluti of common fait, piiik-root tea, &c. If parei would only reflect that Ino^t of these will redd iiiid iiiHaoie the skin when applied to it, and tl tiie inner surface of the stomach is fur more d( c ate tbau the exterior covering of the body, i\, would certainly pause before they introduced ii the former articles of so irrilati.ig a nature ; ai cics wbicb cannot be ndniinistered, even to un i lilt in a state of health, without producing mure less disiurbunce, and which, when the stomucli already the scat of disease can be vie wed only in I light of active poisons. We do not pictend to say that worms arc i,> productive of injurious til'ects : all we desire is point out to parents and nurses, the impropric and even danger, of administering, with the vi of destroying tlie.-e animals, active remedies of i real effects of wliich they know but little, and 4 ring the existence of symptoms on whose act cau3e they are still h-ta iuforiiied. The foregoing remarks apply with equal fo to all those articles popularly vended under the posing appellation of " worm destroyers."' Mi of these contain ingredients productive of delt rious effects under every circumstance. No > of tliciii can be administered to a child with jeopardising its health, if not its life. — Ibid. .\ monkey-faced fellow offered himself to G rick asan uclor." It will not do," said Garri " but if you had a tail, no money should part i .Yew England Farmer's Mmanatk for 1830. Just published by Carter 4 Hkhoee, cornei School and \Vashington-»Ueet«, and by J. B. Ri s». No. 52, North Markcl-etrcct, llie Arir England tarn -iUmuniukfor IHSO By Thomas G. Kessim)I.», e( of the New England Karmcr. This Almanack, it is thought, will bo found to be • nidcrably improved upon that of the preceding y The Astronomical calculations have been prepared revised with great care by a gentleman of tiiis city- tides particularly noted — a complete Calendar nf Courts for each slate in New Kngland, inrluding Probate Courts of Massachusetts — the ^un's dcchni — a table of Roads and distances from Boston, i.Vc. seventeen pages of miscellaneous articles, princif upon Agriculture and Gardening. jyCounlry traders and others supphcd upon the i liberal terms, by the thousand, groce, or dozen. Sept. l(j. fVhite Mulbeny Seed. Just received at the Seed Store connected with New F.nglund Fanner, No. r>".J, North iMarketstreet. 20 lbs. White Mulberry Seed, raised at Coveu Conn, this season, and saved expressly for ui. V ranted of the very first quality. Sopt ' Tomato Mustard and Ketchup. For sale at the .\gricultural Warehouse. .No r.2 iNr Market street, Tomato Mustard, an excellent article beef steaks, roast meats, «Scc. made in the best man by a person regularly educated at tho bua'jirss in F.ur price .M cents per bottle — also. Tomato Ketchup, pared by tho ^ciil>ers In ihe New F.ngland Fhrnicr arc tnformrd Ihrv r.in have iheir volumes neatly and failhlully hull bi and IcUered, at 7j cH. per »oluine, by Icavipg 'ibcm at office. I'uMislieil exry Kriiliiy, al S^ F" nnmmi. payable n end of ibe year — bui Ibiise who pay %«iiliiD kiAiy lUiya ttvm lime of subscribing, ore eiililledto a drtliirtioii of fifty rents Ij" No paper «ill be sent to aUisliinre wiikoui piiymral iu* mntir in iidvnnec. Printed r..r J. II. Riissn.i,. by I. K Butts— by «1 nil descriplioin of IVimiiip ran be rjrcu'rd u> men the » of cmitnn^rrs. Ortlrn. for prinlinp rrcrivrd by J. It. Iti'»\ nl the Ai:riruliiiral W'aiehouMi No. M North Maiket ,>;i Published by John B. Russei.l, at JV». 62 .Yorth Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse). — Thomas G. Fessewbin, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 1830. No. 26. H O R T I C U I< T U RE. ' 'ions ))liciiomcna I have observed in tlie course "f my travels, there are few which have made a lOR THE NEW KSCLA3D rAUMEK. iiiiiigcr iiiipressioii OH iny iiiiiid than the cow — i tree. All that has any connexion with milk, all MILK OF THE COW TKEF. j that relates to cercah<, iusjiires us witli an interest Mx Fessenoe-n — In your painu- of Docembe^j which is not simply that of the knowledge of til, is a sliort notice of the Cow tree of Colom- ' causes, but which is connected with another se- llaving, through the politeness of Fuanklis ries of ideas and feelings. We cannot, without ■rcuFiKi.D, Esq. American Consul at Puerto ! dilliculty, believe that the human species can exist ibello, received a quantity of the juice of (lii^j ivith'out farinaceous substances, nor without the , together with a piece of the bark, to he de- nutritious milk contained in the bosom of a mother, sited in the cabiuet of the University, I have which is intended for the long weakness of infancy. Ijniittedil to a chemical examination. From the! The starchy nature of grains, — an object of reli- uation where the specimen I received was taken, j ^ious veneration among so many ancient and mo- d other circumstances, it is probable that ihff e might be readily cultivated in some parts of e United States, and Mr Litchi-ield has been |, quested to procure small ])lants or seeds for cul- ation in the Botanic Garden in Cambridge. 't'lie following is an extract from Mr Litch- eld's letter: — "I have the pleasiire to scud you bottle of the milk of the Jlrhol de la Vaca, or )W tree, which belongs to the family of the Ga- iodtndrons, as well as a piece of the bark which ut from the tree, out of which I assisted to col- ;t the milk contained in said botllc. The tree jm which I took the milk, grew upon a moun^ n in Patanemo, about 5 leagues from this port, d at a height of from 3 to 4000 feet above the iiaX of the sea. Its circumference was about 2i rds, and its elevation, I should judge, nearly 0 f;et. At tills altitude the iemi)craturo is quitt ol, and for five or sL^c months of the year, the SI aiosphere is quite damp, and frequent rains (all the mountains. I also send a small piece of 3 wax which has been formed by merely expo- )g the milk to the air." The specimen of the juice received, is white, d in general bears a very close resemblance to ws' milk, or rather cream ; it is, however, some- bat thicker and has a viscid feel. By exposure the air, its color is changed to a light brown, id the viscidity is increased by drying till it he- mes of the consistency of wax ; in this state it IS the color of Rosin. The odor of this specimen is nearly the sa.Tio that of sour cream, and its taste is similar. When heated, it presents the same appearances cows' milk. By continuing the a])plication of at, a substance rosembling wax is obtained, hich is soluble in alcohol, and may perhaps he- me of use in some of the art.'. This substance jXs some resemblance to Caouthouc. It can be 'm ade to answer the purposes of wax in forming udles, as it burns with the emission of a pure d strong light. A fibrous matter is separable from the milk, ry analogous to the fibrin of animals. There are some circumstances in which this dern nations, is disseminated in the seeds, and de posited in the roots of vegetables ; milk apjjcars exclusively to be the production of animal organi- zation. Such are the impressions we have i-eceived in childhood, and such is the cause of the asto- nishment we feel at the sight of the tree we are going to describe. Here our emotion is not caused by the dark, thick solitude of woods, nor by the majestic courses of rivers, nor by those mountains covered with eternal snow, but a few drops of a ve- i,'etable juice, make us sensible of the power and iocundiiy of nature. On the barren declivities of a rock grows a tree, whose leaves arc dry and co- riaceous. Its thick, ligneous roots scarcely enter the rock ; for several months in the year, xean scarcely waters its fan shaped leaves. The, bran- ches appear dry and dead. But when an incision U mady in the trunk, a sweet and !iutritiou.s milk flows from it. It is at the rising of the sun that the vegetable liquid runs most abundantly. Then the natives and negroes are seen to come from all parts, provided with vessels, to receive the milk, which becomes yellow, and thickens at the sur- face. Some empty their vessels under the same tree ; others carry them to their children. It is like a shepherd distributing to his family the milk of his flock." — Humboldt, Voyage aux Regions Ejuiiioxiales du J^ouveau contintnt, lib. v. chapter xvi. The following is from the account of Messrs Ki- VERO and Boussingoult : — " If those who i)ossess these precious trees near their habitations, drink with so much pleasure their heueficent juice, with what delight will the traveller, who penetrates into these high mountains, appease with it his hunger and thirst ? Thus we have seen, on the road from Patito to Puerto C'abello, all these trees full of incisions, made by the travellers, who suck them v.'ith anxiety. It would be sufiicient, it ap- pears to us, that this milk could he used as an ali- ment, to value it, and invite to the cultivation of the trees which furnish it, but nature has been pleased to make it still more jirecious and u.se- ful ; for besides containing so nutritious a sub- stance as fibrin, it also contains, in abundance, an ;hly curious and interesting liquid difters from exquisite kind of wax, which may be extracted West Newbury, a very extraordinary growth of Potatoes, I requested him to furnish me with a statement of the culture and produce ; and the following are tjie facts.us communicated hv hini • of the correctness of which I have no "doubt. " In the sjiring," says he, " I cut one Long Red potato intb abw't sixty pieces, and planted these pieces in fiftytwo hills ; one of which did not come up. The hills were about three feet distant, one way, and two feet the 'other. The land was of good quality, and the manure was put in the hills. The potatoes were carefully hoed, and kept clear from weeds. I dug them the first of October, and I obtaineil from these hills, the produce of one potato oidy, pie bushels and a half by measure. Twenty of the potatoes weighed thirtynine and one quarter pounds." These potatoes were plant- ed about the middle of Mr Tuuklow's field, oti land cultivated like the rest of the field, until the present year. The soil of his farm is probably as good as that of any other farm in tho couuty. The experiment is a good illustration of how much our crops mav be increased hy ca.rejiil cullivation. Yours, truly, J. W. PROCTOR. •P-anvert, Mass. Jan. 14, 1830. ws' milk, viz. the absence of what is commonl lied curd, and albumen. Wax, Fibrin, Sugar, id coloring matter are the principal substances tained from the juice by analysis. The tree which affords this milk, has been de- •ibed by Hdmboldt, and the Spanish naturalists VERO and BonssiSGouLT. " I confess," says J 7MB0LDT, " that, among the great number of cu- with great facility.' Harvard Univcrsiti/, ^ January 2, 1330. ^ Yours, &c. J. W. W. KOK THE NEW ENGLAND FAEMEE. GREAT YIELD OF POTATOES. Mr Russeel — Having witnessed the past sea- son, on the farm of Mr Wileiam TntiKEow in CULTIVATION OF EXOTIC PLANTS, &c. (Continued from page 194.) Convolvulus canariensis. d. 20. May, Sept. purple. Cana- ries. 1695. Dolichos lionosu-' <■. 12. July, Aug. p-.!vp!e. E. InJ. 177S Jasminum e[-=^j"- «• '■ 'an- Dec. white Norfolk Island'. revotoum. e. IS. ift,y,Oct. yellow. E. Indies. azoiicum.e.5. Ap. Nov. yeli«,,. Madeh-a 1724 gi andiflomm. e. 15. June, Oct. wb*., t- i dies. 1629. •• *•• "■ Passifloia coeiulea. d. June, Oct. white. Brazil. 1799. V. carulea-racemosa. e. 30. June, Oct. puroi^ 1820. ^ '^ The variety carulea-racemosa was raised bv Mr Milne of Fulhani, Eug. from seed of P. racemo- sa impregnated by P. cojrulea. It is figured in the Transactions of the Loudon Horticultural Society, vol. iii. tab. 3. and is remarkable for its beautv, and for having acquired the hardihood of its pa- rent. SUCCULENT GREEN-HOUSE PLANTS. Aloe fcrox. 6. Ap. May. yellow. 1759. glauea. -I. Jan. Sept. crimson. 1731. reticulata, i. May, Aug. green. 1794. lingua. 3. March, Nov. crimson. raargaiitifera. 1. May, Sept. green, 1739. penlacona. 15. June, July. ' 1731, mitrilbrmis. G. Aug. crimson. 1732. maculala. 3. July, Aug. crimson. 1739. rigida. 1. May, Sept. green. 1790. visi-osa. li. June, July, green. 1727. albicans. 1. July, green. 1795. cymbifoiniis. j. May, Aug. green. 1795. puipiirascens. 12. July, Oct. purple. 1787. arborescens. 12. March, Nov. crimson. 1731. spiralis. 1. Aug. Sept. green. 1790. dichotoraa. S. crimson. 1780. picta. 4. Aug. Oct. crimson. 1727. These plants are odd looking succulents, from tlio Cape of Good Hope ; some of them may be classed as trees ; others asshrubs, but the greater number have more the habit and appearance af evergreen herbaceous plants. One or two are used in medi- cine. In the West Indies, the Cape, and most 202 countries where llicy aljouiul, lliey are i.laiutd os hedges, niid ihc dUn-a of ihc leaves, alar being inancraled lor juico, manufactured into cordage or coarse cloth. Tliesu curious inlial>iiuuls of ihc green house require but little water ; sandy loam, mixed with a little lime rubbish, or gravel, suits them best ; and they flower more iihundaiitly by being exposed to the open air in summer. They arc increased by suckers; or leaves stripped off the plants aisd laid on a pot ofinoidd, or planted shal- low in it, will jiroducc young plants. A'Tiveamericana.30. Aug. Oct. yellow. S\)\c, it would probably flower nearly as often. Mesembryanlhemum dilformc. 4- Aug. yellow. 1731. dcpressum. i- Sept. Nov. yel. 1795. bcllidifloruiD. i. June, .\ug. crim- son. 1717. marginatum. 1. white. 1T93. capitatum. 1. July, Sept. pale yel- low. 1717. compressuni. 4- Auk. pink- microphyllu"- •<• ^J'y- ri"^ ''i"!^ comicul^Ji'' 2. July, Oct. pink. 179'- The species of Jfosembryantliemum arc singu- lar vetbeP't'''^''n"''s°"'""-'^'^" splendid plants. .pjj'Jj. j,..ves are of odd shapes, and the habits of ^ogt'« tlie sorts slovenly and insignificant, though go,.e are grotesque ; but the flowers make ample ^mcnds by their profusion, the brilliancy of tlicir colors, and the length of time tlicbloom continues. These plants rcciuire but little water, and to be grown in small jiots, in sandy or gravelly soil ; they should be kept quite dry when in a dormant stale; but when growing freely, and at the flowering season, they require a moderate supply of water. Cuttings strike root readily, planted in pots of enrlh, and kept dry until they begin to wither, when they may hove a little water. Anthcricum rcvolutum. 2, Sept. Dec. white. 1731. Cape. Aizoon lanccolatum. J. Aug. pink. 1752. Cape. Portulicaria afra 3. purple. 1752. Africa. Scnipervivum moiitanum. i. June, July. Conson Switx-r- land. 1752. villosum. June, July. yel. Midcira. 1773. Tctragania herbacca. J. June, July, green. 1752. Cape. Crasaula obliqua. 1. Ap. Nfay. crimson. 1759. Cape, orbicularis, i. July, Sept. pink. 1731. ' cancucens. i. July, Aug. while. 1800. ' ciliata. i. ' ' yellow. 1732. Cotyledon fancicularii". 1 July. Sept. crimson. 1759. Cope, hcmisphicrica. 1. June, July. 1731. Cape, "■oblonga. 2. July, Sept. crimson. 1690. Cnpc. Cacalia ropcnu. 1. June, Oct. yellow. 1759. Cape, articulala. i- Sept. Nov. ' 1775. ' carnoja. U- June- ' '''57. ' ficoidc". 6- ' Nov. ' 1710. • kicinoa. 3- Sept. Oct. yellow. 1731. Canarioi. Septal capeniia. 1. Aug. Sept. white. 1771. Cape. glibiOora. .!. March, April. 1809. Cape. JNEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 15, 1330. R\ll, KO\I> FKOM BOSTON TO BR.VTTI.EBOROl Gil. ^ydlpolet Tlie above plan ropresciits the line for a Rail Road to Brntlleborongh, in the State of Vermo with various branches. From this line a branch maybe constructed from Stow or Lancaster, throu Boylstoii, to Worcester ; the same may be continued through Rutland, thence down Ware river Palmer and Springfiehl, with a branch to Northampton, and another from Winchendon Villa"e Keene and VValpole, in New Hampshire. By constructing two sets of tracks from Boston to i place convenient to branch, one set would then be ample to accommodate the travel upon each otii route, until the increased business required an aihlitional set. ^Vhen completed thus far, the ro may he continued through Montague to Grecnlield or Decrficid, thence up Deerfidd river the Hoosac Mountain, (by stationary power) or around it, as may be considered best, to the citv of Tri upon the Hudson river. It may also be continued tlrrough Springtield, up Wcstfield river to Piitsfic with a branch to Stockbridgc. By the above plan, a considerable sum of money miglii be saved, a a large portion of the people in the Western counties accommoilatcd, together with the benefits be derived by constructing short branches to many towns upon each silo of the main truck, and, w prudent management, the stock would iictt the best interest for the amount invested. As the citizens of Boston will be obliged to subscribe for the largest portion of the stock, it will for the interest of each individual to investigate this subject for himself Any plan that a majority the inhabitants in this City should conclude upon, would be for thu interest of the whole Commo wealth. .'\s whatever is honuficial to the City, is oqAally so to iho country, sinco both live by en other's prosperity. If the (,'ommonwealth prefer being intoreslcd iiia Rail Road, subscriptions may bo made lolheKto to BratlleboroMgh, the company enlargcMl, and branches in various directions, as above dcscribj may bo constructed williout delay — which would give etiiploy to the poor, coiilidciicc would llirn i vive, money woulil circulate, emigration would cease, the farmer's )>rodure woiilil be in denial and enable each to convey his products to a market, without having the bulk of it consumed over iiddy roail. Young men would find Imsiness at mo, uithnut Ix'ing obliged to seek it iihroad ; ery spindle would ho. ])ut in operation ; tlie ship )uld receive not only new rigging, but a canvass ;ss. The trowel, the hammer, and the saw each tild resume its former music, and business uld revive in every part of the Cotiimonwealth. A PETITKtNER. GENERAL DEARBORN'S ADDRESS. Address ddivtred before the Massachusetts Hor- kullural Society, oil the celebration of their first Anniversary, September 19, 1829. By II. A. S DrARBORN, President of the Society. Man hath his daily work of body, or of mind Appointed, which declares his dignity. And the regard of heaven on all hig ways. — M1LT05. Gentlemen of the Massachusetts Horticnltural So- y~ The history of Horticulture is co-extensive h that of the human race. The first move- it towards civilization is evinced, in the cul- tion of the soil ; and a garden is the incipient 0 of extended agriculture, and of flourishing jires; the wild and erratic pursuits of the sav- are exchanged for the local and quiet nvo- ons of the husbandman ; the arts and sciences gradually developed, and rendered subservient he wants of society : but in the progress of lligence and refinement, those which were iest called into existence, althoiigli expanded rendered universal, to meet the demands ofj of Ophir, the silver, ivory, spices anti precious ncreased, and condensed po])ulation, are the j stones of Africa and Asia, the kings of Tyre and which are perfectly matured. All the others Arabia were his tributaries, and princes his mer VoI.V:!!.— No. 2(5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 20s The mighty kingdoms of antitpiily were con- spicuous for tlieir martial acliievciTients, wealth, and extended domination, — for the intellectual at tainments of their inhabitants, and most of "the embellishments which gave them lustre, and re- nown, in tiie imi)osing march towards national grandeur, before the genius of horticulture was successfully invoked. Egypt, the cradle of civili- zation, so far perfected her tillage, that the fertile hanks of the Nile were adorned by a succession of luxuriant plantations, from the cataract of Syenna to rho marine shores of the Delta ; — hut it was after Thebes, with its hundred brazen gates, had been erected, and while the regal cities of Mem- phis, Heliopolis, and Tentyra, were rising in mag- nificence, and the stupendous temples, jiyramids, and obelisks, of her mythology became the won- ders of the world. The olive crowned hills, extended vales, and teeming plains of Palestine, have ever been cele- brated for the beautiful gardens which varied and enriched the landscape, — indicating the effect of that long ancestral residence of the Israelites with- in, and their juxta position to the realm of the Pharaohs ; — but it was not until the embattled walls and holy temple of Jerusalem, announced the resources and advancement, and the prophets had rebuked the extravagance and luxurious plea- sures of that eternal race. The queen of the East ' had heard of the fume of Solomon," and went to do him homage, — his commercial fleets of Ezion-Geber and Tharshish, brought him the gold it previously, have approximated towards per- ion. It is then, that the grand results of their ed application are manifested, in the variety, iber, utility, and beauty of the products of 1 industry ; and that the conveniences, coin- 3, and enjoyments of life are fully realized, by triumphant labors of the aecomplished Iior- Iturisl. 'he imperious demands of man are food, rai- it, and shelter. These are furnished by the rests, herds, and flocks of agriculture, and the of the mechanic. As riches are multiplied, ambition excited, they are rendered con- uous in the splendor of ai)parel, the uiag- ence of mansions, and the sumptuousness of iture. The embellishments of letters, and liscoveries of science gradually claim at- ion, and operating, alternately, as cause and !t, accelerate the progress of nations, in the er of i)rosperity, power and glory ; — legis n, jurisprudence, and statistics, become sub- of profound study, and the deepest interest ; J honorable ])rofession of arms, in the field on the ocean, obtains precedence among the 'e, and aspiring, over the less alluring and tentatious vocations of civil life; while music, ry, eloquence, ])air.ting, sculpture and archi- ire have their votaries, and comjietitors, for )rize of distinction and immortality ; but it is until after all these various objects ofim- late interest, or of contingent and associated rtancc, have been zealously pursued and snc- ully attained, that horticulture unfolds her aring attributes and exalted beauties. She s the wreath which crowns the monument n empire's greatnes.s, and takes rank among lumber, and becomes the most distinguished le fine arts. chants, ere he " made orchards," " delighted to dwell in gardens," or planted the " vineyard of Baalhamon." The Assyrians had i)eoplcd the borders of the Tigris and Euphrates from the Persian Gulf to the mountainous regions of Ararat, and their victori- ous princes had founded Nineveh and Babylon, before we hear of the expensive gardens ofSemi- ramis. The Persian empire had extended from the In- dus to the Archipelago, when the Paradise ofSar- dis excited the astonishment of the Spartan gene- ral, and Cyrus mustered the Grecian auxiliaries in the garden of Celscnse. The Greeks had repulsed the forinicomcs the successful rival of her younger, yet inoio favored sister, and finally usurps her entire domain ; for, "that field is best cultivated, which assumes the appearance of a wide extended garden." It was this learned and skUful tillage, which, in ancient times, maintained the dense population, that crowd- ed the classic shores of the Mediterranean, the fertile islands of Crete, Cyprus and Rhodes, the emeralds which spangle the jEgean sea, and real- ized in Sicily the Hesperides of fabulous poetry : — and which, in our age, is so conspicuous in China, Holland, portions of France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, and has rendered the rural economy of England, the model of all countries. (To he continued.) PRIZE ESSAY. The editor of the Philadelphia United States Gazette informs the public, that the premium of " a gold medal, value one hundred dollars, for the best essay on the inadequacy of the wages gener- ally paid to seamstresses, spoolers, spinners, shoe binders, &c. to procure food, raiment and lodg- ing ; on the eflects of that inadequacy upon the happiness and morals of those females, and their families, when they have any ; and on the prob- ability that those low wages frequently force poor women to the choice between dishonor and absolute want of common necessaries," has been awarded to the Rev. Joseph Tuckerm an, of Bos- ton. 204 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 15, 1830. LIBKAKV OF ISEFl L KNOWLEDGE. Continued from pagt 19G. CHAPTEn II. THE nir TERENT FOREIGN URKEDP. THE WILD HOUSE. Troo|is of wild horses arc Ibiiiiil in llie i)lain8 ».>r Groat Tanary, niu! also in srvoral parts ol' South -Vnicricii. In neither, however, ran wc re- | rognisc an ori;;inal race. The horses of the Ukra- ] ine, and tliose of Sontli Aniericii, arc tqiially tiie I (ifsfccnilants of lliosc who had escapcil from the Hiavery of man. Tlic Tartar horses arc fleet and , Kirong, hut comparatively of an ordinary Iireed. \ 'I'hose ofSonth America retain, ahmist unimpaired, ' the size and form of their Europu;in ancestors. In no p:irt of America, or of the more newly j discovered islands id" the Pacific, was the horse i known, until he was introduced l)y Europeans; and the origin of the horses of Tartary has heeii I clearly traced to those who were employed in the siege of Azoph, in 1657, hut which were turned i loose for want of forage. | All travellers who have crossed the plains ex- tending from the shores of La Plata to Patagonia, iiave spoken of numerous droves of wild horses. Some affirm that they have seen ten thousand in one troop. They appear to ho under the command of a leader, the strongest and boldest of the herd, and whom they implicitly obey. A secret instinct teaches tlicm that their safety consists in their union, and in a principle of subordination. The lion, tlic tiger, uud the leopard,* an; their princi- pal enemies. At some signal, intelligible to them all, they either close into a dense mass, and tram- ple their enemy to death ; or, jdacing the mares .ind foals in the centre, they form tliom.sclves into a circle, and welcome hiin .with their heels. In the attack, their leader is the first to face the dan- ger, and, when prudence demands a retreat, they follow his raiw'i flight. In the rinnly inhabited parts of South America it is dangerous to fall in with any of these troops. Tlie wild horses approach as near as they dare ; they call to the loaded horse with ihi; greatest ea- gerness, and, if the ridci" he not on the alert, and have not considerable strength of arm, and sharj)- ness of spur, his beast will divest himself of his burilen, take lo his heels, and be gone forever. Captain Head gives the (ullowing account of a meeting with a troop of wild horses, where the country is more thickly inhabited. Some poor captured animals are supposed lo be forced along by their riders at their very utmost speed : — " .Xs they aru thus galloping along, urged by the spur, it is interesting to see the groups of wild horses one passes. The mares, which are never ridden in South America, seem not to inidcrstaml what makes the poor horse carry his head so low, and look so weary.f The little innocent r»>lts come running to meet him, and then start awny fright- ened ; while the old horses, whose white marks on the flanks and backs betray their acquaintance with the spur and saildh-, walk slowly away for (onu distance, then breaking into ntrot as ihey seek 'Tlicw umiii:d'3 nrc of a dinc-icnt race from IhMP which fp unilcr the vnnin namca in llic Old World, und arc very inrrriorin slrcnsili. t An i;ni;li-linijii once altompted to rldo a marc, Imt ho wji IiouIimI anil |iu-ll.il by llie niilivc<,An(l thought hlm- •clf forlinnln lo c>ci|)c v.'ithout Hcrinui Injury. Sir Juhii Curr, in Iih Noitlicra Siiiiimor, |>. '14, ntiito^ thai it ii uiily a nliort lima nincc ni:irc I/ad been once mount high in the air."* They then put a piece of liidc into his mouth The same pleasing writer describes the system serve for a bit, ami a strong hide halter on p- of borse-managemcnl among the rude inlmhitnnts head. The Gaurlio who was to mount, arm of the plains of South America. They have no his fpurs, which were niiiisunlly long ami sii stables, no fenced pastures. One horse i.4 usually | and while t«%'o nn.'n held the horse by bis e;,i kept tied at the door of the hut, foil scantily at put on i' ■; sadille, which he cirlhcd exlr- lught on inai/c ; or at other times several may ligbt. He then caught hold of the horse's be enclosed in the corruj, which is a circular space ' and in an in.'-tanl vaidled into the saddle; u| surrounded by rough posts, driven firmly into the which the man who held the horse by the I groimd. The mares are never ridden, or attempt- i threw the end to the rider, and from that mom ed to be tamed, but wander with their foals where- ' no one scented to take any further notice of 1 ever they please. I " The hor.^c i:;s!HMtly l>egan lo jump in a m When the Cai(f/io, the native inhabitant of t^ ! uer which made it very ditlicult for ;.■-.: •.''.^^^• plains, wants horses for himself, or for the supply keep his seal, and quite diflferent from the kic of the traveller, ho either goes with bis /ajjo to i idungc ofan English horse ; however, the (Jnnc the corral, and selects those, pn.ssibly, who on the spurs soon set him going, and ofl" iic gallopeil, preceding day bad for the first time been backed, ing everything in his power lo throw bis ride or ho scampers across the plain, and presently re- ! " Another horse was immediately brought f turns with an unwilling, struggling, or subdued the corral, and so quick was the operation, captive. When the services of the animals have | twelve Gauchos were mounted in a space wbi been exacted, ho cither takes them to the corro/, 1 think hardly exceeded an hour. It ^vtis won « and feeds them with a small quantity of maize, if fill to see the diflereot manner iii which ilifii he thinks he shall ])rcsently need them again, or horses behaved. Some would actually scr he once more turns them loose on the plains. , while the Gauchos were girding the saddle i Travellers give some amusing accounts of the their backs ; some would instantly lie down manner in which all this is effected. Micrsf thus roll upon it; while some would stand withoni describes tlic ?«sso, siiiq)lc in its construction, but ing held — their legs slifl", and in unnatural | :dl-i)owerfiil in the hands of the Gaiicho. lions, their necks half bent towards their tail«, " The hnsso is a missile weapon used by every looking vicious and obstinate ; ami I could native of the IJnilcd Provinces and Chile It is a | help thinking that I would not have mounted very strong iilaited thong of equal thickness, lialf' of those for any reward that could be ofi an inch in diameter, and forty feet long ; made of! me, for they were invariably the most diflicu many strips ofgrcen hide, plaited like a whipthong, subdue. and rendered siipiile by grease It has, at one end,! " It was now curious to look around am an iron ring above an inch am! a half in diameter, i the Gauchos on the horizon in different din ri through wliich the thong is passed, and this forms trying to bring their horses back to the ■ a running noose The Gaucho, or native Peon, is which is tho most dillicult part of their work generally mounted on horseback when he uses) the poor creatures had been so scared there the lasso. One end of the thong is affixed to bis [ they were unwilling to return to the place. I> saddle girth ; the remainder he coils carefully in amusing to see the antics of the liorscs— his left hand, leaving about twelve feet belonging were jumping and dancing in difierent to the noose end, in a coil, and a half of which while the right arm of the Gauchos was he holds in his light hand. Ho then swings this flogging them. At lasi they brought the b long noose horizontally round his head, the weight [back, a])parenily subdued, and broken in. of the iron ring at the end of the noose assisting .saddles and bridles were taken off, and the y in giving to it, by a continued circular motion, a dini-ses trotted ofl' towards the corral, ucighi RUflicient force to project it the whole length of the |0iie another.''^ line." ) When the Gaucho wishes to take a wild 1 When the Gauchos wish to have a grand break- lie mourns cue that has been iiscil lo the spor ini'-in, they drive a whole herd of wild horses | gallops over the plain. .As soon os become into the corral. — "The corral was quite full of|ficienlly near his prey, " the lasso is thrown i horses, most of which were young ones about two i the two hind legs, and as the Gaucho rides a or three years old. 'Vhc c«pil»r (chief Gaucho,) on one side, the jerk i«ulls the entangled h moiinlcil on a strong stciiily horse, rode into the jfed lalerally, so as to tJirow him on bis side, corral, and throw bis la.sso over the nock of a | out endangering his knees or his fiice. 1 young horse, aniouni.«, and snatching his poncho or cloak I comrades : but the moment he was forced out of^ bis shoulders, wraps it roundthe |)roslr«tc:ii I the corral, his first idea was to gallop away ; bow- 1 ■ lever, a timely jerk of tho lasso checked him in tlic I ' The manufacture of the Ciucho's booU i« » .;; The boots of the riauchos are fo , 1 • <• 1 ""'' P"' "' •'''■ 'fR 'kin of a coll taken ro I on foot and threw a lasso over his hue leg.s, jibI ,)ic molhcr. wbirh is s.iid lo be sacrificed for t' above the fetlock, and twitching it, they iiiilied Ijs posc.jiKl at the lime of bearing, when tbr ' le-s from under him so siiildeiily, that I reuKv '"^P"" '" K™"- '^' ">''' "'"P*^- ''»■ »'''" -' ..'" , . ., !• II ■ . , 1 _ I i.;ii„.i I,:,,, I ,," and is vcrv while and biaiitifiil in lextiirc r ihoMght the bill he got had killed I im. In an .n- .j-iie hamloims ibc cMoflbe boot ; .be ho slant a (5»uchn was scaled on Ins beuil, and wifli iig^if ,„ ,i,e hc.l. and the l.g alwve Ihe f. i his long knife, and in n few seconds, ctil olf tHu the foot; the whole making afloat and < ' \ I with an dpnituro sulVicicnl for lb« grc.i^ through." .\ndrcw'9 Journey in Soiilh A' p«(^ 2B. t Mend':* Journey acroMthc Pampas, y. "'■■ most eflirctual way. The peons now ran after him | *'"""'"''■■ • Ho.vl'i> Journey acroM the Pampas, p. 25f. 1 Mior«' Travels in Chile, vol. i. p. 8». Vol. VIII.— \o. 26. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 205 ;ad. lie tlien forces into liis nioutli one of tlie rfiil liridles of the country, straps ii saildle on s back, and bestriding Iiini, removes the poncho ; loii which tlie astonished horse springs on his s, and endeavors by a thousand vain efforts to sencurnber liimself of his new master, who sits ist|iite composedly on his back, and, by a tliscipline hich never fails, reduces the liorse to such com- :ni ete obedience, that ho is soon trained to lend his hole speed and strenglii to the cajiturc of his nipanions."* These animals possess much of the form of the mijanish horse, from which they sprung ; they are nied, as has been seen, with far less difficulty an could be thought possible ; and, although iMleirs is tho obedience of fear, and enforced at ■St by the whip and spur, there are no horses ho so soon and so perfectly exert their sagacity id tlieir power in the service of man. They are ilei assessed of no extraordinary speed, but they are ifiipableof enduring immense fatigue. They are quently ridden 60 or 70 miles without drawing t, and liave been urged on by the cruel spur of e Gaucho, more than a hundred miles, and at the ite of twelve miles in the hour. Like the Arab horses, they know no interme- late pace between tho walk and the gallop. Al- lough at the end of a day so hard, their sides re horribly mangled, and they completely ex- austed, there is this consolation for them, — they 3 immediately turned loose on the plains, and it Ube their own fault if they are speedily caught ain. The mare is occasionally killed for food, rid especially on occasions of unusual festiviljy. encral San Martin, during the war for indepen- encc, "ave a feast to the Indian allies attached iDi ) his army ; and mares' flesh, and the blood ti lixcd with gin, formed the whole of the enter- linment. On such dry and sultry plains, the supply of inter is often scanty, and then a species of mad- ess seizes on the horses, and their generous and ocile qualities are no longer recognised. They usli violently into every jiond and lake, savagely ian"lin,f and trampling upon one another ; and he carcases of many thousands of them, destroyed y their fellows, have occasionally been seen in nd around a considerable pool. This is one of he means by which the too rapid increase of this iuadruped is, liy the ordinance of Nature, there irevented. Tiie wild horses of Tartakt, although easily oniesticated, materially differ in character from hose on the plains of South America. They will lot s\iffer a stranger to join them. If a domestica- ed horse comes in their way, unprotected by his naster, they attack him with their teeth and their leels, and speedily destroy liim. They readily Jei !ubniit, however, to the dominion of man, and be- ome perfectly docile and faithful. Among tho Tartars, the flesh of the horse is I frequent article of food ; and although they do not, like the Indians of the Pampas, eat it raw, their mode of cookery would not be very inviting to the European epicure. They cut the muscu ar i |)arts into slices, and place them tmder their sad- dles, and after they have galloped thirty or forty miles, the meat becomes tender and sodden, and fit for their table ; and, at all th'eir feasts, the first and last and most favorite dish, is a horse's head. When water was not at hand, the Scythians used to draw blood from their horses, and drink it ; and the dukes of Muscovy, for nearly two hundred and sixty years, ]nesented Tartar ambassadors with the milk of tnarcs. If any of this milk fell upon the mane of the horse, the duke, by custom, was bound to lick it off. Troops of wild horses are occasionally met with in the central parts of Africa, in the island of St Domingo, on the deserts of Arabia, and in a few other jiarts of the world ; but no where do they equal the domesticated horse in form, strength, or even speed. (To he continued.) Basil Hall's Journey to Peru and Mexico, vol. i. p. 151. Tiic Jesuit Dobrizhoffer, in his History of the Abipone;, a nalioa of Paraguay, and speaking of the tamed horse, (vol. ii. pi2;e 113,) says, that, " stirrups are not in general use. The men leap on their horse on the rigid side. In the right hand they grasp the bridle, and in the left a lery long spear, leaning ou which, they jump with the impjlse of both feet, and then fall right upon the horse's back. ' NOMENCLATURE OF GRAPES. [Further extracts from Prince's Treatise on the Culture of tlie Vine, now in press, and speedily to be published.] Continued from pa^e 197. QUEEN, Gibbs.—Pr. Cat. No. 131. This has round berries of good size, which are white with a bloom, and a little colored on the sun side ; they are sweet, and of very pleasant flavor, and the bunches are also of good size. BLACK sccppEU.N'ONc. — Pi". Cat. No. 399. Scuppernong. Purple Muscadine. Sloe grape. Bullet grape. Bullace. Vitis rolundifolia, v. nigra. I have not seen the fruit of this vine ; bnt as it is irroduced from the seeds of the other in far the greater projjortion, it may justly be considered as the primitive species, and the fruit no doubt is of ihc same form and possesses the same qualities, with the exception of the color, which is dark red or ])urple, and in some cases black. The tendrils being jiurple, easily distinguish it, without seeing the fruit; the foliage is also of a darker hue, any Thomas MTall, Esci.l The leaves of ilio Sweet Locust arc pinnated' of Georgia, a gentleman now far ailvanced in and coni|inNed of small, uval, serrate, Ee»silu leaflets' years, that, in liis boyhood, he knew the ("alawha This folin:;)! is elegant, and of an agreeahle tint, from its source, to where it loses its name in that hut it is thin, and scarcely ohstriicis the passage of the Waterce, and that no such grape was known {of the siinheams. It is shed annually at the there. Mr Adlum slates, that he procured it from approach of winter. a Mr ScnoLL, at Clarksburg, Montgomery county, 1 The flowers are .small, not very conspicuou.-, Maryland, and that it was called by this name by ; „,„| .^.^poscd in bunches. The fruit is in the form that gentleman. The grape railed by Mr Adi.um ! (,f ,i,„^ crooked, pendulous pods, from twelve to Red muncy, and found by hnn wdd in Maryland, ^.i„,„e^.„ i,,^,,^^ ,„„p^ ,„„, „f „ reddish brown and also m Lycoming coumy, l'enns.\ Kama, pro- ^.„,„r .p,,^ |,„,,y roniain brown, Hrnooih, hard ved to be very snnilar to this kmarticiilarly the last, have JVEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY l.j, 1830. SWEET LOCUST, OR THREE THORNED ACACIA. In consecpience of the recommendation of the Three thorned, or horny locust, by Mr Biiei. of Albany, as the plant which he thinks " will be found to surpass all others for live fences," we have been induced to copy the following from Michaux's jVorth Amtrican Sylva. The Sweet Locust belongs peculiarly to the country west of the Alleghany Mouiunins, and it is scarcely found in any part of the Atlantic States, except in Limestone Valley and its branch- es, which lie between the first and .second ranges of the Alleghanies, beginning near Harrishurgh in Pennsylvania, in the latitude -Iflo 42', and e.xtend- ing from northeast to southwest into the State of Virginia. The soil in this valley is gencridly very substantial. In the fertile bottoms, which arc wa tered by the rivers emptying into the Mississippi become common in the Western country', and afford a much superior beverage. The ]>crfect wood or heart of the Sweet Locust nearly resembles ihut of the Locust; but its grain is coarser, and its pores more open ; in these respects it is more strikingly characterised even than the wood of the Red Oak. When perfectly seasoneil, it is extremely hanl. It is little esteemed in Kentucky, where it is more employed, and consequently can be better appreciated than else- where. It is used neither by the carpenter nor the wheelwright ; it is sometimes taken by the farmers for rails to fence their fields, but only when they are unable to procure better wood. It is found by experience to be far inferior to the Wild Cherry and Black Walnut for cabinet making. The only destination for which it appears to be peculiarly a per annum. bottom towards the top. The large thorns wliicl cover the branches, and frequently the trunk of young trees, nfliml miother very distinct character. These thorns nre somrtimes several inches long, ligneoii.'', of a reddish color, and armed, ot some distance from the base, with two secondary thorns about half the size of the first. I have about ninrly .-ipple trees, and found in the fiill of IS27, that the Borer'had attacked two or three trees. I went to work with a chisel, and cut them out, and found the worm to be a while one, with reil head. But ill cutting them out I hurt the trees very much. In 1828 the borer got into twenty or thirty trees, which cost me thirlv ininntes' time. .Affer putting in the rainphnr, no borings ruiiM! out, and I have had no tree bored AMERICAN IIE.MP. The citizens of this city had the satisfactio yesterday (12th) of witnessing the exhibition In fore our State House, of se\eral loads of America Hemp, grown and fitted by the Northampton Hem Company. We are happy to learn from iiiiell " gent gentlemen from that section of the Coimnoi wealth, that these huge piles " were but the eari est of the quantity which is to follow, and thif this company have now in preparation for mark* ' m)re than 130 tons of hemp grown the past set ' son." This quantity at $200 per ton, which is lu ' more than an average price for this article of good quality, will amount to the very comfurtabi sum of .^26,000. One fact more — we arc inforn ed that this quantity of hemp is the product t about fourhumlred acres of land— yielding on ih average about sixlyjive dollars to the acre ; and th too when the season was known to have been ej tremely unfavorable for this crop. How crcditi hie is this enterprise to the individuals engaged,! our state and to our country. It is also'"a profi able bu.siness to growers and to those who prepar the licnip for market. Let no one envy th originators or promoters of this new and lucrativ branch of agriculture, but let him " go and d likewise." The growers of wool have met \\,i lo.ss and discomfiture from every quarter ; olmo, every other agricultural product is depressed i the market. AVill not the growth of this crop al ford the desired relief.' Had any one prcdicteil year ago " what our eyes have .seen and ear heard" from unquosiionable sources it would hay. been viewed only us the idle s(«ciilation an. " trifles light as nir." It is with heartfelt salio faction that we contem|.late the wealth which iiiai accrue to the citizens of this Coinmonwoalih froii this laudable spirit of enterprise ; and will no every section of it seek a participation in thii golilcn harvest .' We wish no one to enter intt the business without a thorough examination an,: cakmliition as to product, profit, &-o. but to ns i seems jiist the thing for our fiirnu'rs in these hnr. tiii:cs. Oj-Spcrimcn. of the above American Hemp, aim ol Ccnlagc manuraclurcd from the same, have been Irft ai the .Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52. North Market »trr,-i, for inblic iiisprclion. Farmers, members of the Leginla' ture, and the public pcncrally. are invited to call anM rx- amhe il. Vol. VIII.— No. 26. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 207 Brighton Market. — Monday, Jan. 11. (Reported for ihe Chronicle audPalriol.) The Market continues abundantly supplied, itii Beef Cattle in particular. At market this ly, 697 Cattle and 1290 Sheep, of which 241 attle and 730 Sheep (includinor 219 Sheep un- ild last week) were at the Upper Market, and 56 Cattle and 560 Sheep, (including 44 Cattle nsold last week) were at the Lower Market. early 100 head of Cattle remained unsold at e close of the market, ainonj; which were many lOd Cattle. As the Barrcllers have about done, e supply is greater than the demand for market ef, which occasioned this day a slight reduction former prices. Sheep meet with a steady nrket and fair prices — we noticed sales of a few :s of good Shee]) at §2 25 a 2 50 per head — inner qualities at from $1 33 to I 75. Not ich doing in Swine — a small lot of 36, is all ere were at market ; a few were retailed at 4J 5^, the residue remain on hand. From tlie American Farmer. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. The progress of this stupendous undertaking uals the expectations of its most sanguine friends. sufficient portion having been finished to afford rial of the cars, experiments have been made, .1 the result has proved highly flattering to the pes of the company and the public. About a le and a half of the road is railed, and various s and passenger carriages have been put on trial, the most useful of which are those on Winans principle. With one of these, contain- tweuty-tWo passengers, one horse travelled at rate of fifteen miles an hour. Three cars le been hitclied together, loaded with eightyfour ssengers, and drawn by one horse with great e, at the rate of eight miles an hour. These jeriments were made while the carriages re 7ieic, and of caurse subject to the disadvau- e of all new work, which requires some use to uce it to a state of greater freedom from friction. ! have heard no one express any thing l:'jt the )st perfect satisfaction with the experiments, I we have no doubt they have tended greatly the advancement of the Rail-road cause. The il-road is now nearly ready for the rails, as far Ellicott's mills ; a distance of about thirteen les, including by far the most difficult and ex- isive part of the whole route ; and sixteen miles re, beyond Ellicott's, is in a stale of great for^ rdness. The bridge over Gwynn's falls, is one the most magnificent pieces of architecture in lerica. There are other works much greater magnitude, and more costly, but in everything t constitutes grandeur in architecture, we ha- little in saying, this stands unrivalled. Its portions, workmanship, and materials, are all utifully adapted to each other, and the whole he object in view. It is neither too high for length nor the reverse ; neither is it too heavy too light. It does not seem to bear too heavily any part, nor yet cause the observer to shudder the safety of the passengers, in consequence of ■ apparent want of strength. The arch is grand, ostentatious ; and the whole structure magnifi- t without any other apparent aim than utility. 3o far as the experiments have gone. Rail roads e obtained a decided advantage over canals jsli h in Europe and America. These advantages are, indeed, so striking and leniable, since the late illustrations with locomo- tive engines in England, that it is not easy to jier- ceive how any ])ublic agents, entrusted with mo- ney to be expended for the promotion of internal trade, could now answer to the public for giving preference to canals. The responsibility of such agents is not only to the existing j>ublic but to posterity, and if those who ex|)end public means on canals at this time, should twenty years hence escape with being only laughed at, they will be more or less fortunate only in the degree that ridicule is or is not easier to be borne tlian indig- nant rebuke. A gentleman told us the other day that the damage to the banks of the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal was already greater than will be compensated by the toll to be derived from pas- sengers' boats ; and these boats, be it remembered with six horses move not as fast as one horse has done with eighty, or one hundred passengers on the Baltimore Rail-road — all this is not now, matter of speculation, but of demonstration. GEOLOGY OF MASSACHUSETTS. XT'Mr HoLBROOK will be happy to meet any of the Members of the Legislature, at the Columbian Hall this afternoon, Friday, the 15th inst. at3 o'clock, on the subject of Geology. IMPROVED APIARY. [CTA Model of an improved Bee Hive and Bee House, comprising all the latest improvements, ' by James Thacher, M. D. author of a valuable Treatise on the Management of Bees, has been placed by him in the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, for their in- spection.— We shall next week give a more particular de- scription of it. GREEN HOUSES. [CrMr Henby Gray, horticultural architect, of Rox- tmry, has left at the Hall of the Society, two drawings or plans of Green Houses, comprising all the recent improve- ments in use in Europe. We take pleasure in recom- mending Mr Gray to persons who arc about to construct Green Houses, summer houses, arbors, &c. he having visited most of the celebrated establishments in England, and is moreover a man of fine taste and intelligence. CORRECTIONS. ICrThe Author of the Frugal Housewife is anxious to correct two errors of the press in that little work, lest the inexperienced should be led into serious mistakes. Meat should be broiled not boiled for Beef-tea ; — and celery should be covered with tan, not with far. See page 27 and 32. Green House Plants and Floioers. The subscriber, gardener to J. Prince, Esq. at Jamaica Plains. Roxburv, has for sale a large variety of plants, (among them 20 varieties of Camellia Japonica from S't to ^8 cich,) also flowers for Bouqilets ; and in the proper season, a variety of hardy shrubs, plants, and fruit trees ; also, a quantity of Box for borders, at reasonable orices. EDWARD SAYER. Jamaica Plains, Jan. 15', 1830. 4t Fine Stud Horse For Sale. A beautiful dark bay stud, half blood of the English draught horse, fifteen and a half hands high, strong and well formed, eitrht years old the ensuing spring, is offered for sale. He is a sure foal getter, fine figure, kind in any harness, and cannot fail to give satisfaction. His stock has proved excellent, and have sold at $50. at four months old. Apply (post paid) to J. B. Russell, Publisher of the New England Fanner. eop4t Jan. 15 Black Currant Wine. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 5! North Jlarket- A few dozen bottles of superior old Black Currant Wine made by a gentleman in this vicinity ; an account of its astrin- gent and detergent properties in various complaints, anii par- ticularly Ihe Sore Throat will be found in the New England Farmer, vol. v. page 267, written by Samuel W. Pomerot Esq. and the late Doct. John G. Coffin. Price 73 cts. per bottle,— also, a few bottles of old White Dutch Currant Wine, price 50 cents per bottle. If Jan. !• ' England Hemp Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Nc Farmer, S2, North Market Street, A few bushelsof prime Hemp Seed, for sowing, growth of 1823, (raised wholly from Ihe celebrated Vergennes seed, which cost $5 (ler bushel.) It is a small lot of uncommonly fine quality, and farmers who are turning their atlenlion to the cul- ture of this profitable plant, can secure excellent seed, at g3 per hushel. if applied for soon. if Jan. 15. Farmer Wanted. Wanted an iulclligcnt, industrious, and capable man, with a small family, to take charge of a large farm ; the wife ncal, industrious, and well acquainted w ith the dairy. A person who can well manage such a farm, where a large slock of sheep is k(p;, acquaiiitcJ with the cultivation of roots, and systematic in all branches of farming, and who is well known lor his in- tegrity of character, may, perhaps, hear of a place that will please him by applying at the oflice of the New England Far- mer, eptf Jan, 1. Gardener Wanted. The subscriber w-ishes In employ a gardener who understands his profession, and can produce satisfactory recommendations j permanent employ and good encouragement will be given. Ap- plication may be made at 548, Wnshiiigtoii-streel, Boston. Jan. 8. If THOMAS BREWER. Gleditschia triacanthos Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- land Farmer, 52, North Market-street, A few pounds of fresh seed of the genuine gleditschia triacan- thos, or three thorued Acacia, for live fences. This is the sort recommended by Judge Buel, (in the New England Farmer lor Dec. 11, page 164,) who has several thousand plants grow- ing, as the best plant ihat can be cultivated in this country for hedges; of very rapid growth, long and abundant thorns, and of hard and strong wood. if Jan. 8. PRICES OF COUATTKY PRODUCE. 1 FROM 1 TO APPLES, best, ... 3arr«l. 1 751 2 !5 ASHES, pot, first sort, - Pearl, first sort, . . - ton. 125 CO 130 CO " 123 00 130 00 BEANS, white. lushel. 1 00 1 25 BEEF, mess. >arrcl. 9 25 9 SO Cargo, No. 1, " 7 75 8 00 Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. " 6 75 700 pound. 12 14 CHEESE, new milk. - " 6 S Skimmed milk, '* 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 50 5 75 Genesee, - - - " 3 30 5 75 Rye, best, - - . - 3 62 3 87 GRAIN, Corn, - . . . bushel. 62 65 Rvc, 75 78 Barley, - 67 Oats, .... " 45 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. pound. 8 00 8 30 LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 3 50 FORK, clear. barrel. 15 00 16 CO Navy, mess, " 12 50 Cargo, No. I, •' 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 CO Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - " 3 00 Rye Grass, " 400 Tall Meadow Oals Grass, - " 3 OD Red Top .... " 62 1 00 Lucerne, . . - - pound. 38 50 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (northeni) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, - " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - " 38 Merino, full blood, unwashed. " 25 Merino, tliree fourths washed. '* 30 36 Merino, hall Mood, " 28 33 Merino, quarter wasiied, '•■ 25 28 Native, washed, - '< 25 28 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - ti 37 38 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, « 28 Pulled, " spinning, first sort " 30 PKOVISIOIV MARKET. COHRKCTKD KVKEV WEEK RV Itl R IIAIWARD, (C(e:-kn/ Famiid-iiail Market. ) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, - MUTTON, . . - - POULTRY, - . - - BUTTER, keg and tub, - Liinif., best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail. - Indian, relail, POTATOS. CIDER, [according to quality,] pound. 8 ' « 5 4 2 II 3 II 14 15 dozen. 16 bushel. « 33 barrel. J ri«| 208 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jan. 15, 1830. MISCELLANIES^; VOB TUE !>t\y EKOLiKD FXIIMER. Mr Fes»e»»e^— 1 enclose a few lines on «l.e opening of the new year ; they are the pro.luct.on of an uneducated farn.er's boy, winch file he hope!., will excuse their imiierfuction. II vci tlnnk the.n worthy of a pUcc in yoifr excellent paper, will thank you to revise and insert ilicni. Yours, very respectfully, J. T. NEW YEAR, 1S30. Tiaie hastens on,-Elfrniiy dra«s near. And death rides dreadful on each circlml >ear. A (ew days since we heard die last year'* chime, ^ And uo« another, irembling on the verge of ume, Drops into chaos ; wavirg in ils fa 1 lis sinful records, like a funeral pall, Closed o'er ihe dear remains of blighleil love, Whoso soul illumines brighter scenes aUnc. And while the irlooniy scene is noaliug by The New Year s dawn soft trembles o'er ilic ^ky i A cheerful ray, bright as the rainbow's hue In early radiance, but as transient loo. Time pauses not, but turns and shakes Ins gloss That the swift yearly sands may swifter pass. Ye sluggish souls, why will ye «top to ihmk What ye shall do— what yc shall eat or drink 7 When summer smiles, prepare the loamy soil, And sow a recompense for all your toil ; The generous carili ne'er yet refused to pour ller precious prodiirls into labor's store The chilling tempest howls abroad, thick clad .iisnowand sleet, And nature lies enshrouded in a snowy wind ingshect ; Dread winter rides upon the storm, with dark and threatening mien, . . . , , i O wh-re shall we for comfort look, 'mid sucli a cheerless scene ? .Shall we find her in the city, where each luxury abounds ? Does she meet us in the drawing room,where revelry resounds ? Docs she warm the sluggard's heart, the while he clamors lou.l for bread ; , . , , , j , ■ While buffeting the tempest rude, which howls around Ins head ? , . ^ , ,. Ah, i;o! wc know a happier, a fairer scene of bhss, A comfort more heart cheering, and mote permanent than this. Tij found Iwnealh the Farmer's snug, and storm-rcsisling 'Gain^ 'which cold winter Iwals in vain, and tempests stand There "round a crackling fire, beliold a smiling circle form'd. Their licaru by social intercourse, and pure afleetion warm d, Kach "rave historian takes his turn, and hastens to relate (Hut pliuscs oft to mark the storm.) the hapless sailor s falo. Here foams the 6gured Cider Mug, and there the Apple I ray. Piled with I'omona's precious gihs, a delicate display. The do"' lavs bv his dignity, extends his yawning jaws. And pilTowi now his sleepy head upon his outstretch d paws. I'oor l-usi, by nature's bounty clad in robes of spotless white. Now purrs her sweetest tones, to fill the chorus of delight. Andour, Jjn. I, 1830. ^- ^ '^• U.AIRYING. At the late Cattle Show and Fair in Worcester County, the Committee on Dairies, reported in part as follows : — i\ot e.vpecling to instruct the skilful and expen- rnceil, the Committee on this occasion, for the sake of the inconaiJerate and deficient, will indulge iu a , few general remarks on the very im[iortunt sithject of Dairying. Though variotis ttiateriuU have been used lor cftioring Hultcr and Cheese in order to moke them more siileable, yet it is believed, that the quality is gchlom if ever improveil by the infusion of any artificial lincturo ; and, though the coloring may sometimes bo inno.xions, yet it i.-' ollen doletgrious ill its etVeets. The disuse of all coloriiit;, therefore unless tisud very sparingly and with good juilgment, is irarnestly recommeiiilea to those who manutacture these nrticlcs.HO iHLftil,so iiutiitiou.s, and so liealth- I'til when riahlly '"ade, and so deadly when niibued with poisonous ingredients We arc, how- over, happy to say that little of this olijeetionahleund deceptive appeoraiice was inunifesl to our view in VII the articles exhibited at this niiniver.sary. It is to j The Hon. Edward Everett delivered the Aun be .leeply regretted that IJulier and Cheese, two versary discourse before the ColuinbiaJi limtitu articles so proniiiiont in Rural Economy— so long in the Hall of the House of Representatives, , and so e.\tensively manufactured over the whole i Washington on the 3il instant. civilized world— contributing so largely to thesup-! , a i n j Tl „ K..u, V„rk Journal ,.,.,. , v.-.i-,..,, il... lu'iilih nfi Grtal Rail Road. — Ihc I\bw York Jouriiul port ol life, and so greatly atlecliiig tiie ncaitn oi i . , , c t\ w ', lit;.. ,..,„i;iv .1.11 to this Commerce contains a long letter from Dc W the consumers, should in quality even to iiiis . , , /. , -i ■ <• , i .•1 1 I I .„ .!.„ a.,.>„l..r.l.,f.xcelleiicc < "I"". SO" o' '''e l"'e ^"»- ^-'""»". '" '"'""^ "' lime tall so much below the stondanloi txteiieiicc . . ,.;,„ ,.i- \,.w Vnrlc i.. i I ' > II 1 . . . I ;„ .1,.. >,r.»liipr>nn<.r rail road from near the city ol I>ew lorK to i ttj which all who are entiaged in the prouuctionvi • , . . i lo ttiii.iiaii «i.u ui fe„ ..Mississippi, 1000 miles. Expense calculated them, might very easily attain. > ' ' ' ,, , ,, A few days since it vvas announced, that in the 15,000,000 ol dollars. city of Boston, four millions of pouii.ls of Rutter The Geneva, N. Y. Gazette, stales 'ihiit l- were used in a year, yet that but a small part ol ^^^^^^^ Ames and Pennock, of that village, criiiqi it was goo.l— and that one half of it was ii alow .^^^j ,„„jg forty five pairs of stoga boots in a nui //owoii— the poorest selling for 13 cents, and the ,„3„|jijg nianner, in six days. best for 25 cents. No doubt this statement is' _ very near the truth ; and what a pity it is, that it Qrtal Crop of H'lieat—Mr David Smith shouM not all he (aultless, and coniniand the high- Xorthamplon, Mass. raised, the last season, nine est price in the market. " Butter, as a wholesome ^„g bushels of winter wheat on three acres am aliment, should he fresh and free from rancidity : jp^y ^ojs of ground, situated near tlie ConiiC' and not fried, or burnt, otherwise it will disorder , ^^ fhe soil is alluvial. digestion, and he injurious." i — ; — ' ,. There is certainly no inherent ditlicnUy in the I The Miner's Journal proposes a public meet process of making goo.l Butter and Cheese ; nor ' of the citizens of Galena, for the ptiropse ol ad. can the failure he attributed to other causes than , iug measures for the destruction ol the rats w the ignorance, inattention and mismanagement of ^ which they arc infcstc.l. those who are the agents and superintendents of! \ViIi„i.,"'' the Dairy. In the Lnufacture of these articles ^ J^fsTldy^buria to d. . b': s. t^e great cleanliness nicety, and unremittnig care are f^„<^^^ ^.^J^'^'g^^^^'j '"J ,,,„• i,„L„,„„' requisite to produce superlative kinds. All the comDUstion. ^nc imu „ vessels used about the Dairy, and the cellar in addicted to ardent spirits. ^ which the milk is kept must be preserved clean y^„ „._a State Temperate Society and sweet, an.l the whole process, from the begin- ^^^^^^^^ ._^ j^^,.__^^^_ ^^ ^^ ,^,.^^^ ,„^^,i„^, „f ing to the end, mu..t be carefully attended to, o. ,. , l isia.ure and others heU results will follow dishonorable to the Dairy-vvoman -'J^-« R,,,resen.a.ives. and disadvantageous to the in-oprietor ol the Dairv. | L. Only let there be neatness and assiduity through 7500 tons of coal from the Lackawana in , the whole course, and ranci.l, fetid, white, greasy ^^^^ ^^^^^ delivered in Philadelphia by the Hu. ^ Butter, will seldom be fount' „ . „ : .1 „ itter, will seldom be fouml. jnd Delaware Canal Company, .since they c In order that cheese may have a rich and agee- ^^^^^^,^ ^^^ iransportation. late in the Fall. able flavor, mellowness and tenderness, and not i , he rank, unsound, or in any respect faulty, a vari ety of things, in the preparation and making, are necessary to be eon.sidered. As leading char- .Vcw Ensland Farmer's .Vmanack for 1830 Jj8t published by C.^rifr & Hesohi: self As the breaking and gathering the curd ; sen. /lo iin; un.un.i,H un. 5,.i..^....n ', revised with great care by a gcntleir.a the management of the clieese in the (iress ; the tides. ■ • • . > - i-.-. the management ol tliu cliecse in tnc press; tne tides, particularly notcil— a complete Calendar id process of salting, and the treatment afterward re- Coiiru^^^^^^^ piisite in the cheese room : and limny other things i_^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^j dialaiices from I ipiisite in the cheese room : and limny other things i_^ ^^^^^ ^^. ^^^^^^ a„d' dialaiices from Bo.toii, A., simple and easy of execution, must he regarded and I g^^.pjjjj,^^ pages of niisccllaiicous orticloa, princ followed with discretion and fidelity. " In short, [ upon .Agriculture and Gardening. ... . . , ,-. i-.! . 1..:.... rt-:^l\,.,„lri. Irndnra and otlicm «UDDllCd upon tliC upon .•\.'ricullurc and liardcning. U'Counlrv traders and others supphcd upon the liberiU terms,' by tlie thousand, gtoce, or dono. Sept. Id. , 7'oinalo .Mustard and Kdchup. For sale at llio Agri-viltural Warehouse, No. .V-' the credit, the goodness, and the profit of tiie dairy must, under all circtimstnnces, iirincipally dci>end on the neatness of the nianagincnt which is pur- sueil, every iiart being kept perfectly clean, sweot, and in order ; the floors being regularly rendered por sale at llio .\gri-vmurai viarci.......-, .-"■ — cool by frequent washing with cold water and the Market street. Toinat.. ^'".»'"''j" "X"-'';,*^"',','; ., ,. . I ■ III n„.. heef alcalis. roast meats, ivc. inado in liie oesi in v.tii.ms utensils well cleaned and scalded ''"erl be«' »';;^^;^';^,^,^^,_^^,^. ^,,,,^^j^j ^^ ,,,„ ,,u^^^^ every lime of being used." j_|,rice .'>0 ceuU per bottle— also, Tomalu Ketclm It is hoped, that all those who are devoted 10 par„j i,y the same person, iu .liflrerciil sized bolt the inantifacture of butler and cheese, will con- 1 prices M, ..r :« cents per bottle. sider lliat"lliev are engaged in a very us'/ii/ and , ct .«.r nnnim navnil.' AoaoraWe employment, and that a high and -''^><^-\^^;^^,:;::Z};£^-:L.^ul....\y>U,,.. hie leiiutatioii licloi:gs to those who excel in this | ,,„,„., f^„b„.ribiug. are entitled to a . ■ most beneficial art; and we sincerely wish their; o-Nor»P<;r«;ll ''«»«"'<<' "d'"""" »"''""' '^^^^^ labors may ever bo followed with a liberal remu- '"?,[^'_',yj'"j"j y 'uussr.i.i.. by 1. «• Butts— [■> 11 I. -.-r...iw.,i« of l*riiitinc can be execut.'dto meet tl 1 tieration. nUdescripiionsoi 1 riimni, yiij i.*. , 1 „ i 11 i,-. nLriuio.i. . , ,, lorcuston.crs. Onlers lor pnulioj receive, by J. H- Ki Bv oi-.K-r..( the Conmiittee, ,1 ih« Agricultural W»Iihou•«^o. M North Work.i NAllUM HARRINGTON, CAuiVmnn. i"'""^" I Published by Johm B. Rcssell, at jVd. 52 jVorlh Market Street, (at the AgricuUural H'arelioKse) — Ti^omab G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUAItY 22, 1830. No. 27. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. FOR THE NKW KNGT.ANI.' FARMKK. SWAMP MUD FOR MANURE. Wr Fessenden — In my last note to you,* I mised to give some further nccount re- eling the decayed vegetable matter, generally led swamp muck, which many sections of our nitry nhoiind with. The use of which, applied an upland loam, gravel, or sandy soil, will pay expense of lal>or in removing it, two for one first year, as tlie statement of facts hereafter lexeil, fully proves. riie last fall I carted several loads of muck on 1 knoll of loam, and put it in one heap, though blink it would have been better to have dropped '* ! load only in a place. In the spring, prior to nting corn, the nuick was spread and ploughed ler. The crop of corn where the muck w:is ead, was large. I thought larger than where n yard manure was put. A neighboring farmer ) made use of muck for several years. The t year he thought it equal ta barn yard manure, 1 its effects were perceivable a much longer The soil on which the muck was put, was irarm gravelly loam. Tlie muck was used by >ther neighburing farmer, for manuring corn in hill, which was used in the following manner: A row of each alternately, one of miiik, one of n yard manure, and one of hog manure. He lireil me the corn was much the best manured h the muck. The soil a sandy loam. Mr Daniei. Bloomer when residing in North lum, West Chester coimty, in the year 1796, 1 four acres of gravelly loam of equal quality, ich he planted willi corn. Prior to planting ! corn, he applied fifty loads of muck per acre, two acres ; these two acres produced him ome NDRED AND TWENTir busliels ; the other two es yielded only sixty bushels. The next spring 188 four acres were sowed with oats and grass ;d. The oats were more than twice as large the two acres dressed with muck as they were theothertwo. The grass forthe fonrsucceeding ars produced in much the same ratio. I might ate other improvements of a similar kind. It presumed that every intelligent, industrious •mer will bo satisfied of the utility of muck as a mure. Those farms which are interspersed with amps of muck and uplands either of loam, sand, gravel, may be made, at an expense of five to 1 dollars per acre, capable of paying an interest nually of one hundred dollars |)cr acre. It is El ought that ten dollars, expended with economy, |«1 II, in most circumstances, be sufficient to cart d spread one hundred loads of swamp manure an acre. Those who are owning farms, situated as just '« ited, now valued at .$25 per acre, have only to the word, and go forward, for one or two ar?, to convince tbemselvrs and their neighbors ey have farms intrinsically worth one hundre. 1 li:ac thought of its being owing to cxpo- sme to cold rains in the summer and full, wlitn the fleece aflbrds the least protection, or to too open and cold sheds in winter ; but this season 1 have been very careful to shelter my flock in llie colder storms, especially at night, my shed has been rendered closer, and the winter has thus far been so niikl and pleasant as to give little trouble from the cold, so that these sujipositions also ap- l)car ]>oorly supported. I tried last winter to be- lieve that the extreme wetness of the preceding ummer might have produced such destructive consequences, as wet seasons are considered un- favorable to the health of this animal, and more than an usual number were said to have perished ; but the past season has with us been just the re- verse of the preceding, being very dry, and thus spoils that theory also. For a time I thought that it might be a disease that having once entered a flock, could not easily be eradicated, and being perhajjs somewhat contagious, continued its ef- fects by ijrojiagation. But this conjecture seems improlfabic, from the facts, that I have changed my flock once since I have known the disease, with the exception of two or three sheep that were never unhealthy after their connexion with my new flock, and that more than a full year at one time, of apparent |)erfect licahli in my flock, has intervened between the periods of sickness. And to conclude, I have thought that the situation of my furm, or that some of its productions, niijlit occasion the evil. Possibly this may be the case, but I should not bo able to say why. 1 am not much of a botanist, and consequently a ])oor judge of the qualities of many vegetable productions. My farm is mostly hill land, de- scending to the north, north east, and east, origi- nally covered principally with maple, beech, birch, and hemlock, and is much of it rather moist and lieavy, and a little inclined to bake. It is inter- sjiersed with many rocks and ledges, and has two small brooks running througli it, that are fre- quently dry, or cease to flow, in the warm season, hut there is very little that resembles swamp, or meadow, not more than an acre or two at most, ancriments ; I have brought to light |_thc labors of unobtru: genius, rendered local inforination available to and concentrated the scatterpd intelligence of tions, in every department of science and With the facilities afibrded by the wonderful of |irinting, they are substitutes for, or have persedcd that long cherished desideratum, a i vcrsal language ; for whatever is valuable, me attention, or is worthy of adoption in the writing: the ancients, or the publications of existing nali is speedily acclimated, and rendered ns fain; as if it were of indigenous growth. There is eii I other gloricus advantage in these institutions, n honorable to the human race: — in war as well in peace, their names become the paroles of in course between the republics of letters, of scien and of arts, roimd ihe globe. Having witnessed the happy effects of assoc tions, for the promotion of liteniture, natural I tory, jihysicis, ugrictdlure, the mechanic, econoi cul und fine arts, we may confiilently anticlpu that '.he same salutary influence will be e\pi enced in the opcr;».ions of lii'riiculture, by I hurmonious labors of those nmnerous societi which have bein foun'ehlom exceeding fourleen li.inds and an uch. The shoulders are flat, the cliest roniiil, ■ he joints inclined to be long, and tlie head par- icularly beaiiliful. The Barb is decidnlly superior 0 the Arab in form, but lion not his spirit, or peed, or countenance. The Barb has chiefly coiitribntcd to the cxccl- encc of the Spanish horse ; and, when the im- \ rovement of the breed of horses began to be ystematically pursued in Gn-at Britain, the Barb vas very early iiitroduccrl. The Godolphiii Aru- lian, as he is culled, tlic origin of some of our lest racing blood, was n Barb ; and others of )ur most celebrated turf horses trace their de- ; cent from African mares. More in the centre of Africa, in the kingdom of Bournou, is a breed, which Mr Tiilly, in his al- most romantic hislory of Tripoli, reckons superior 5Ven to those even of Arabia or Barhary ; it possesses tlic best qualities of both of those breeds, ')cing a» serviceable as that of Arabia, and as Ocautiful as that of Barhary. Ill the more soutlierii and western districts of '.fiica.and parlicularly in the neighborhood of the iuinea coast, the breed of horses is very inferior. 1 hey arc small, weak, unsafe, and niitraclable. ut neiilier horses, nor any other produce of value, in ho looked for in those unhappy countries, so ' iig as they are desolated by the infernal slave- ' nde inflicted upon them by the most civilized, I It truly unchristian, nutiuns of Europe. TUP. noNoii The kingdom of Dong sIriclM lying between |ling about upon her and the foal ; yet no acri- ent ever occur.', and the animal acquires that li( riendship and love for man which occasional ill- ■eatment will not cause )um for a nioinent to for- (To be conlinued.) NOMENCLATURE OF GRAPES. Further extracts ficm Prince's Treatise on the Culture of the Vino, now in press, -ind speedily to be published.] [Continued from paire 235.] ELSINGBURGH. — Pr. Cat. No. 380. Elsinburgh. Blue Elsirigburgh. Elsingborough. Smart's Elsingborough. YiUslabrusca v. Elsinghinghii. This grape was found near the town whose laine it bear.->, in Salem comity. New Jersey, where t would probably have rcm;iijied unregarded, had t not been brought into notice and cultivation liy )r HuLiNGS. It is a very sweet, juicy fruit, and fa blue colur ; it is very hardy, exceedingly pro- luctive, and promises to be valuable for wine ; the eaves assimilate to those of the European vines nuch more than those of our native varieties gene- ally do, and in color they resemble the Bland's. The junches are of middle size, anump but ten feet it is obvious that we must diminish the bore of the pipe that is thirty feet long, or the pov%cr and weight will not be equal. " There is one other thing that is worthy of notice, that is, although water is a very subtile fluid, yet there is some friction which obstructs its jiassage through an aperture or pipe. This fric- tion will be nearly in proportion to the rubbing surface. This friction cannot always be overcome in pipes, yet it may be greatly diminished by the accuracy of fuiishing the bore of the pipe. " It is worthy of remark that sonic workmen make all punqis of the same bore, whither they are 10, 20, or 10 feet long, and the j)ist()n rods are all of the same length. This is an error, which should be corrected, for by adverting to the weight of water, it will be seen that a column of water 30 feet high will wii;,'h more than one of ten feet ; besides, as we have before said, though water is a very subtile fluid, yet it cannot pass through an a]>erture without friction ; this friction is nearly in proportion to the rubbing surfaces.* This should always be taken into the account. " One thing more must be considered, viz : The piston rod being so short as it is usually made, causes great friction on the piston, as will be seen by noticing the vibratory motion of the upper end of the rod, w liereas were the rod twice, and in some instances, thrice as long, the piston or buck- et, will work much more free, and the column of water being above the valve will be raised much easier than if it were below. " IJuchaiian'b pump, if generally adopted, would be found of the greatest utility, for it may, with a small expense, answer the double purpose of a pump and fire engine. All the additional expense will be an air vessel, attached to tlie |)ump. This putnj) at isolated farm houses, and other rural es- tablishments, wc should think must be of the greatest importance. " In considering the i)ump, I have thought it necessary to calculate a table, shewing the difle- rence between the cjuantity of water raised by the pump with its piston rod of the common length, and one that has its piston rod of half the length of the sucking pipe, using the same power in both eases. " In the common method it will stand thus: — ft. in. For a pump of 10 feet in height, 6 9 " 15 5 6 "20 4 9 "25 4 4 "30 4 0 With the rod as it should be it will stand thus : ft. in. For 10 feet 6 9 15 5 8 20 5 4 25 4 8 30 4 5 " These tables both refer to the bore of the suck- ing pum[), and arc of such diameters as ought al- ways to be observed in making pumps. I5ut should the piston rod he lengthened to two-thirds the length of the pump, it will be readily seen that the water would be raised easier than it would be if it was but one-third the length of the pump." Jiy the ICditor. — It is remarked by Dr Gregory in his Dictionary of Jlrts, SfC, that " common as the pump is, and overlooked even by the curious, it is a very abstruse and refined invention. No- thing like it has been found in any of the rude na- tions whom the F.uropeans have discovereil, ei- ther in the new continent of .America, or the isl- ands of the Pacific Ocean. Nay, it was iiidmown in the cultivated cnqiire of China, nt the time of our arrival there by sea ; and it is still a rarity every where in Asia, in jiluces unfrequented by the I'uropeans. It docs not appear to have been known by the Greeks and Romans in early times, and perhaps it came from Alexandria, where phy- sical and mathematical science was much culli- ■ Till- nihliing surfaces, liowevor, are greater in Mnnll llian in liigo pipes, in proportion to the water they arc ciipuble '»i and ilown till he finds two "' wild hogs ; uii Indian let fly nii arniw, uml tl »|iccies of ants. One of Ilicni is very large and I'l'!,' was foiinil ileail at the di^tallce of ITOyanl FOR THE MKW ENGLAND FARMER, POISONED ARROWS OF SOUTH AMERICA. Mr Russei-l — In Waterton'h* Wuiiilcriii;;8 in South AinerlcH, just received from p^tiropc, I met with the following account of the preparation uf the deadly Woiirali, with which the Indians ol that country poison arrows. As it may bo inle- rcstiiig lo the cuiiouB, I herewith enclose it fu your paper. Your.s, truly, Salem, Jan. 18, 1830. J. M. I. bluck, and so vcnoiiiotis that its ^ling produces fe- ver ; it is cnniinunly found on the ground. The other is a little red ant, whiidi stings like a nettle, and generally has its nest tinder the leaf of a shrub. After obtaining tlie.se, lie has no more need to range the forest. A quantity of the strongest Iii- (rniii pepper is used ; but that he has already planted round his hut. The powdered Gings of the libarri and counacouclii snakes arc added. These he commonly has in store ; for when he kills u snake, he generally extracts the fangs and keeps them by him. Having thus founil the ne- cessary ingredicnt.s, he scrapes the wourali and the bitter root into thin shavings, nnd puts them iito a kind of colander, made of leaves ; this he holds over an earthen pot, and pours water over the shavings ; the liquor which comes through, ha» the appearunco of coffee. When a suflicient quantity has been |>rocincd, the shavings arc thrown aside. He then bruises the bulbous stalks and squeezes a proportionate quantity of their juice through his hands into the pot. Lastly, A sloth woiiiideil with the poison, appeared to il without uiiy Kyiiiptoiii of pain ; an uz sttiggert and was convulsed, and died in live and tnun niiniiles. On Mr Waterto.n's arrival in England niiide many exp'friiiients with the wourali, the i fi'Lts of Vi^bich were partially prevented hv kcc iiig the lungs uf the wounded uniiiial inflated DESTRUCTION OF WOOD. M.Thtian in a speech in the F'reiich house ofcoi mons, .•'aiil "that war, famine and pestilenre art' I terrible .ifHirtioiis than the waste of wood. Frnnt (said hi',) will disappear, as many flourishing c Irii.s have already, if.-ihe does not follow the ample of Cyrus, who planted forests in .Asia M It is only the abundance of forests and v wliich enables Cliimi to sustain three liuiidr millions of souls, because in this empire there i more [ilanted than cut down." Spain, so higl niltivated nnd so thickly populated, in the time the Romaii.^, flie Alonrs, and even Charles the fi owes her present desolate aspect to this \va the snakes' fangs, ants, nnd pepper ure thrown in to it. It is then placed upon a slow fire, ami as' "*" **"">•'« '> '''<" **»""= '^ '^e <-ase with most of l it boils, more of the juice of the xvourali is added, ! '^o"""'i*-'s '" Asia and the same will be the case according as it may be found necessary, and the \ ""■" country if proper steps are not taken to prev scum is taken off with a leaf. It remains on the,''- It is in2 Nt Marko: street, Tomato Mustard, an cicellcnt article beef steaks, roast meat.-i, <.Vc made in tho best mar by a per3,>n regularly educated at the bus'noss in F.iir — price .'iO cents per bottle — also. Tomato Ketrliiip, pared by tho same person, in ilifToront sized bottle • prices fiO, or 'XX cents per bottlo. Oct. 1 Poicder at 2» pir lb. DUl'tlNrS rO\Vm;it. <\<,n\«\- warrnmed. for sal Cnp'l.tmii Aminhuilim Slorf, I S'llinnd sl.al rrlail tillur, t'AI'S. &:c. ul ll.r tyiffiiu/iVy— rhenpfor rs>h. - ruM.shcd I enrnr piiiiiinp ncnv/'d l.y J. M. Iti •» *l Ihe Auricultural Waichuukc ^o. SX Noiib MnikrtSi PuUished by John B. Russell, at JVs. 52 JVorih Market Street, (at the Agricultural Ifarehouse) Thomas G. Fessenbek, Editor. VOL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 1830. No. 28. ORIGINAL COMSIUNICATIONS. ^SSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL SOCI- ETVr e Cjmmitiee on Grain and Vegetable Crops, and raising Trees and Hedges, respectfully sub- nil the folloioing nEPOilT. riie Coriiiuittoe regret that, after so gooil a sea- 1 as tlie lust was, for almost cverythiug, there mill u It liavo been numerous claims from our ustrious and skilful farmers, for t!ie twentyse- i |iremiuras proposed by the Trustees under e beads of their list. A premium of twenty thirty dollars may not, of itself, be a sufficient ucemcnt for keeping so exact an account of ps as the Trustees have deemed it proper to uire, but our sjiirited and intelligent agricidtc- s would do well to consider the influence of iiiijili', the importance of n)aking constant ini- VLiiitiit, and of comnumicuting all such infor- tioii as may tend to the advancement of agri- ture.- Detailed statements, us to crops, may uish useful bints to others, and is us often done an account of tlie/ai/((res of our experiments, of their success. The Committee cannot but ie that another year will bring forward more iipolitors. riie only account presented to the Trustees this ' of the greatest quantity of vegetables for Iter consumption on the farm, &c," was fur- led by a person of iutijlligencc and observation, crops from his farm in Lynn. To this geutle- 0, the Committee recommend the payment of premium of $30. — He bats produced the usual of of havuig raised on his I'arm the present son — Bushels. 3f ludiai} Corn, 199i ' Onions, 340 ' Potatoes, 14P3 ' Mangel Wurtzel and Sugar Beet, 543 ' Common flat and globe Turnips, 210 ' Ruta Baga, 513 ' Carrots, 383 * Total 368U More than two tons of Winter Squashes, — A. large quantity of Cabbages — \nd the summer supply of vegetables for two families, and some sent to market, of which no account was kept. The farm contains about 63 acres. The claimant would have made his comniuni- ion more satisfactory and instructive, could ho re stated the number of acres occupied by his ps, and the expense of raising them, cither se- •ately, or together. It would not have been y difficult to have presented the aggregate cost, ugh, where so many things were attempted, it ;ht not have beeu easy to do it in detail. He !rs one opinion, however, as a practical man, ich, if it be correct, may serve to induce onr mers generally, to raise more vegetables, as nter food for their cattle, instead of feeding them f the year, as we are now but too apt to do, oily with dry hay and corn stalks. He says he ' well convinced that, when the cost of seed. ;' allowing S.') bushels of good potatoes to an acre, is taken into the account, and the produce is at I the rate of 200 bushels, which he thinks a large I aTerage, that potatoes, cultivated in hills, according ] to the ordinary mode, are the most expensive of any \cf our vegetable crops. Carrots, Mangel Wurtzel, and Ruta Baga, are raised, he says, at as little labor , by the acre, and the ordinary diflTerence in the amount of crops, will bring the cost of them to not much more than half the amount per bushel." — His carrots were sown from the 29th May to the :;->th of June ; Mangel Wurtzel first week in June ; Ruta Baga and common turnips middle of July ; I'otatoes last of May to middle of June. — But re- peated experiments, he says, have satisfied him ;hat earlier planting, with all these articles except- ing Mangel Wurtzel, would be more favorable to an increased crop. His seeds were sown on ridges formed by the turning of a back furrow, excepting onions and potatoes, and at sufficient distance to admit of ploughing between them ; so that after the first weeding and thinning, if well done, the principal labor is considered as over. The onion, turnip and carrot seed were sown with a drill, made by the Shakers and well known. Of manure, tiierc was used from five to six cords to an acre, vhether spread abroad, or put in the ridges, is not s:ated, — and it was composed of stable dung, with (1 good mixture of litter of mean hay and leaves, the contents of the pig stye, some muscle bed, sea weed, and whatever could be collected to form « ^omjiost. T'lt soil wa^ gcabrally « '.datk anJ friable loam of a good depth, resting in general on hard clay or a gravelly pan, moist, and not likely to suffer from drought. Most of the land had beeu exhausted, and for a long time neglected. Dec. 1829. Mr Waldo Cleveland of Williamsburg, in the county of Hampshire, has sent to the Trustees an account, duly certified, of his crop of Winter Wheat, amounting to 34 bushels and seven quarts an acre. It is the only claim for a premium on this article, and on this account, mainly, have the Committee concluded to recommend paying him the premium of $20, — for they do not perceive any particular merit, in this instance, as respects either the skill used, or the useful instruction im- parted. The crop exceeds the quantity limited by the Trustees, and therefore they feel bound in some measure to award the premium ; but they wish it to be fully understood, that they do not feel under any obligation to grant it, in any case, where the crop is but an ordinary one, the mode of culture .such as cannot be in common use, and where but a single acre has been sown, as in the present case. Mr Cleveland's statement is as follows: — " Some time in the first part of October last, I sowed a bushel of wheat on one acre of newly burnt land, lying in Hatfield, and harrowed in the seed without ploughing. The land was high, and faced the east. I took no more charge, and per- formed no more labor on this acre until harvest, vrhich was about the middle of July. It yielded thirtyfour bushels and seven quarts of good wheat, a sample of which is herewith enclosed to the Trustees." To Mr Tristram Little of Newbury, for his crop of Winter Rye, of thirty bushels and one peck, tlie Committee propose to give the premium of $20. Here, again, it was the sole account given in for this article, and fin- aught that appears, hut a single acre was sown, as in the preceding case of the Wheat. Mr Little's accouiit is, in the opinion of the Committee, calculated to be useful, and they re- commend that his letter be printed as part of this Report. Dec. 1829. To the Trustees of the Massachusclts Agricultural Society — Gektlemen — 1 submit the following, as a state- ment of a crop of Rye, which I have raised the past season, it be'ugthe first that I have cultivated. The soil on whicii it grew is a yellow loam, with- 1 out much grit, such as has generally been consid- ered not good for growing the same. I was in- duced to try it as a substitute for barley, that has commonly b»en our crop iircceding grass ; but that grain has for the last two or three years been destroyed by a fly or insect that attacks it in its early state, and poisons the same, and at harvest time is founil in or near the lower joint, in the straw, in a maggot state. We have reason to think that the evil was imported in so:;ic barley from Bremen,^or some port in the North of Eu- rope, which ^yl.c^sown by our jieople some three or four yearit.iiOci Jhat lias spread so surprlsifigly as to discourage me from sowing it at present. But to return to my rye statement. In the spring of 1828, I planted one acre of Indian Corn, with about three cords of manure put in the hole, and had the common cultivation through the season. On the 12th or 13th of September following, I cut it up at the ground, and shocked it. In about a month it was husked, and when dry, it was as full on the cob, not pinched any more than if it had stood till November. There was about 35 or 40 bushels. The same day that it was cut, I split the hills, and sowed five jiecks of rye, and harrowed it in. In April, 1829, I hauled about 50 or 60 hiisheh of sea coal ashes and citiders, that was considered by most of our farmers as worthless, as a manure, and spread it on about seven eighths of the lot, the other one eighth was left without any dressing. The thriftiness was so visible in favor of the former that travellers observed the difference. I, for my own part, think that the small quantity of ashes doubled the crop. It was reapeil about the first of August, and I finished threshing it about a month after, and there was thirty bushels and one peck of clean rye, besides the light grain. Respectfully, yours. TRISTRAM LITTLE. Mwbury, JVov. 27, 1829. This may certify that I reaped, and assisted in threshing and measuring the above crop of i-ye, and the said statement I believe to be correct. HENRY LITTLE. This may certify that I surveyed the piece of land cultivated with rye, and there was one acre, and no more. PIKE NOYES 218 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 29, 1S30 Essex, ss. .Vol'. 28, 1829. — Pfi-soiially ai)penrcil ihc before imiiicd Trislrani Little, lUiiry Little, and Pike Noycs, ami made oath to tlio al'oregoing statements by lliem .severally subscribed before me. S1L.\S MOODY, Justice of Peace. Mr Joii.N r. U'l-.iiBER of Beverly, has made ex- jicrimenls wliicli iiiiist liave (.-aiiscd him some care, rclalinj,' to the r|iiestion so fruiiriil of cxperi- mctits, but not yot decided, whttlieril i.^ most pro- fitable to idant large of .'^niall potalor.-c, whole or in parts. The Committee advise that his state- ment be printed, as affording results which may lead to further trials. It is really very desirable to ascertain whether this valuable ailiclc of food can be had in equal qtiantity from a much smaller amount of seed, by culling, — since we usually plant about 2') bushels of good whole potatoes to an acre. No premium has been olVercd for expe- riments of this kind. Dec. 1829. E.\periments tried by John P. Webbkr of Beverly, Mass. in the cultivation of Potatoes, in 1829. The land on which the potatoes were raisedi was manured alike, and the land of one quality) and newly broken up. 1. I planted four hills with one large potato in each hill, and dug from the same, potatoes weighing 12,^ lbs. Took potatoes of the same size, anil cut them in six pieces, and made the following experimfiiits, in four hills, viz : — 2. Put Cuur pieces in each hill, and dug therefrom potatoes weighing 12 lbs. 3. Put three pieces in each hill, and dug therefrom jiotatoes weighing 13 ' 4. Put two pieces in each hill and dug 14.^ ' 5. Put one piece in each hill, and dug 9 ' 6. Planted four hills with one small potato, and dug 9^ ' 7. Planted four hills with eyes of the po- tato, and dug 4jf ' Six experiments were with small potatoes, about the size of hens' eggs. JOHN P. WEBBER. Beverly, {Mass.) Oct. 12, 1829. Jou.N H. CoBn, Esq. of Dcilliam has presented an interesting account of his While Mulberry trees, of his Silk, and of his Silk Worms. The pren.ium proposed liy the Trustees, on Mullicrry Trees can- not be awarded till 1832 ; — and the quantity of silk offered by Mr Cobb is not suflicient to I'lilitle liim to that premium. In the hope that this gen- tleman'.s example will be followed by others, in a pursuit that seems so likely to succeed well in Massachusetts, the Committee subjoin the follow, ing abstract of his statement. Mr CoBii's plantations of Mulberry trees, in Dedham, arc in fom- inclosures, contaiinng in the whole about twenty acres; the trees, 641 in mim- bcr, are set about thirty feet apart, are from one to five feet in height, and inteinliMl as standard trees. The young plants, in drills, from one to five inches high, are supposcil to amount to ten thousand. — Mr Cobb exhibited before the llc.rticidtural Soci- ety, in August last, six pounrls of raw silk. Me had at work, in July last, about eight thousand in- sects. Dec. 1829. Mr Jacob I)KA.irK,of Mansfield, in the County of Bristol, claiinH the premium of S.'iO, " for the best A])ple Orchard," and it is the only claim of the kind made thisyear. Ilisstatemcnt is, that, since 1820, he has set out, ami now has on his farm, 226 apple trees. Sixtynine of ihein were set in 1828 ' and 1829. Thirty of them have not bi-cn grafted — and were set out in 1827. llis trees are not in a set orchard, being placed along the walls, and not all in one inclosurc. This circumstance ought not, perhajis, to form an objection, though no ap- plicatioti ofa similar kind has ever been iircsenled. The management of Mr Ueamk's trees, while there is nothing new or uncommon in it, seems judicious and deserving of jiraise. On an atten- tive examination of Mr Deane's statement, how- ever, it does not appear to the Cottimittea that his orcharding is so well entitled to the j)remiuni as some others which were seen by the Trustees in 1827. In that year, four fine orchards were visited by the Trustees, Mr IIardv's, Mr Bald- win's Mr Davis', and Mr Piii.nnev's. One pre- mium only was oflfere ofv meadow to be of the first quality." The seas Ion the meadows are shorter than on the uplai the soil there is not in fit situation for planting jfore the beginning of June, and in fall the w frost comes on earlier. 1 planted the llili of Ji and harvested on the 22d of September; the s I adapted for planting or. meadow ground, are tl of a quick growth, the blues and the wliites, in fact, from the great aptitude of that soil fc potato croj), the same kinds will come to per tion and maturity there, quicker than they wc upon the upland. However excellent I hold a well drained n (low soil fur the culture of potatoes, yet tl is no doubt that in very wet seasons, when he rains come on in succession, the spongy soil . meadow, if it is ever so well drained, may ev iially get drenched, in which case the crop is I ly to be injured ; in such seasons, thin upli with gravelly bottom may do well, which at o limes would give but scanty crops of an iiifi quality. A soil just reclaimed from nature give |)otatoes of the best quality. Grass just broke up, will prove, in general, very fa\ ble, both for quantity and quality ; the furr should be well turned, and then harrowed the > way, lightly, taking care not to disturb the s\\ which will ferment, and be the best dressiii:: that crop. Grounds which arc situated near I cities, and have been long an(|| heavily em i with dung, will yield great crops, but leldoni good (pialily. litspecting the most proper lime for plantins: ' neral crop intended fur the trinter consumptiv conceive that it is the first days of June, in .- manner that it may cnme to ripeness about time in the fidi when the first frosts take pi and not sooner. If potatoes ripen sooner. I have to lay in the hot ground, or if dug, they I to go down warm, into a warm cellar, which variably will injure their quality, and occasion may set them to fcrineiit and decay. 1 tliii. favorable fur the quality of lliat root to liaM- frost pass over the ground, before they are la out, that they may get perfecily cooled before t are cellared ; from this general rule for the t of planting, the Imui; /fri/ should be excepted its gri svih IS much slower than any othci requires the whole length of our .leasons to at a full ripeness, without which the quality will acquire its wonted excellence, anil the ends remain watery. They 'should bo planleil na s HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 219 liey may be likely not to suffer froni the frost. rhe choice of the best seed 1 nonsider to be indis- sablo for a good crop ; small potatoes are to- f unlit for tlie purpose, the eyes or s;er:,ts, which to he the principle of life for the neiv crop, being li t were, but half born, dwarfish, weakly and pe ; bi) a careful attention to select the handsomest best potatoes for seed, I have found my sorts to ,, rove, and to run, not out, but gradually into Iter perfection. The largest i)otatoes it will iver well to cut, provided not less than three are left on each piece, and three such pieces be a sufficient stock for a hill. I have tried to It whole potatoes of the largest size ; the pro- e were all large, and but few in the hills, cli I conceive is not desirable; the largest po- es of every kind I am acquainted with, (the g Red excepted) are apt to be hollow in the die, and then it is difficult to get them boiled centre without over doing the outside : the g Reds are exempt, by the pectdiarity of their je, from getting injured in that way, and I never ,1,1 w them to be hollow. ,, fexl to the choice of seed, we are to consider tohich I] I of manure is the most favorable for that crop, I believe that on that question all practical icrs will agree, that fresh dung, wherewith e kind of litter is mixed, is the most favorable, strength and richness with somewhat to ten the soil round the plant, to make a sort nest for the bulbs to form, to grow, and to iper. Cattle dung js generally used, and the culty often is, that the quantity of litter among i but small, and that it is not sufficiently turned mixed, and made fine before it is used, reby many hills are manured with clear dung, irge pieces, which, if the season turns out dry, harden in the hills, and do but little good, h hard pieces are often found in fall in digging the crop, which evidently have been of little sfit. Fine compost manure, which is proper orn, is not fit to use for a crop of potatoes, will make but a poor return. For many years ive been in the habit, in the fall, to collect es in my wood lot, and to use them as a litter my cattle throughout the winter ; when the r is cleared in the morning, the leaves and dung are turned over, and chopped together, ire they arethrown out. This kind of manure jlanting potatoes, I find superior to any other I ever used ; it connects the richness of ani- manure with the sweetness of a woodland and I feel confident that it not only contri- )S to the abundance of the crop, but that it Les sure of a superior quality. On meadow it certainly is unrivalled. From the repeated sfits I have received from the practice, my nation of fallen leaves has gradually increased, they have become such an essential article in cultivation of my small farm, that I shoiald be at a loss how to do without them. I have a I in my yard 2-t feet long, and 9 feet wide, ch I got nearly filled, this season, with well den leaves. Wo brought in sixteen cart loads, I the ladders fore and aft, and slats on the s. At loading, a lad stands on, and treads leaves. They may be collected at all times, n the ground is dry and free from snow. They c better ifthey are somewhat damp, and when ed and chopped with the dung, will more lily ferment. have always planted my potatoes in hills at It three feet three inches apart, and I believe that there would be a risk to |)lace theai nearer, tho vines would be expof-ed to get truildcn and the roots disturbed, either of whicli iiijiuies will greatly affiict the croji. I hoe them twice, and at each hoeing I plough both ways, and each way two furrows, which leave the ground well stirred, and prepared for low square hills, which it re- quires but little time and labor to finish, and which are well formed to secure the benefit of the showers. The second hoeing should take jdace before the vines have come to their full growth, and before the blossoms are near to open, other- wise the roots having come to their full length, the j)loughing and hoeing will disturb them, and greatly injure the crop. In case of being belated the second hoeing had better be omitted, and if weedy, be at the trouble of cutting the worst of the weeds close to the ground. When the plant- ing is performed, or at the first hoeing, one small handful of calcined ])laster of Paris to each hill, in addition to the usual large shovel-fnll, and well h.eaped, of manure, will be of great service on up- land, especially if the season should turn out dry. This article suits potatoes admirably ; the darker and richer green of the plastered hills, will readily point out those which were omitted. Although there is little, or no difference, in the relative weight of the various sorts of potatoes, yet the quantity of nutritive matter which they contain differs essentially. I tried lately of Long Red, of Blue, and of Yelloiv jiotatoes, one bushel of each, uniformly filled, and I found that they weighed alike sixtyfive ])ounds. 1 tried next for the starch and for the fibrous matter, or grounds, tfter the starch was obtained, and here I found the result diflferent. I weighed four pounds of fach of those three sorts, and I obtained from the four pounds of Long Reds nine ounces and one half of dried starch ; from the four pounds of Blues eight ounces, and the same from the four pounds of Yelloivs. The grounds, or fibrous mat- ter, after being thoroughly dried weighed four ounces, alike from the three sorts. This result has realized the opinion which I entertained of the superiority of the Long Reds, as containing a greater proportion of nutritive sub- stance, and being on that account more profitable to raise, whether for the food of man, or of beast. Being more substantial they keep better than any other sort ; I have had them firm and hard the beginning of October. It has another quality to recommend it, which is, that it will bear "bad cooking better than any other sort. It may bear soaking in the water aftev it is sufficiently boiled, and yet be tolerable eating, whilst the Blues or Whites would prove spoiled. Potatoes of a good quality will work very well, whilst hot, into dough with wheaten flour, and make very good bread ; some thirty years ago the crops of grain failed in England, and on the Con- tinent of Euro|)e, to such an alarming extent, that serious apprehensions were entertained ; the gov- ernment offered great premiums for the importa- tion of foreign grains ; public meetings were call- ed, and among other recommendations, potatoes were pointed out as a fit article to make into bread with flour, or meal, and they were general- ly used in the proportion of one third, and by many of one half I have a strong belief that in most cities of the United States, they are used for that purpose by many bakers ; the bread is white, good tasted, and light, but will soon dry. After all the farmer can do, to raise potatoes of a fine quality, it is of little avail unless the cook- ing of them is attended with care ; it is done best liy steam, and the moment they are done they shoidd be served, or placed after peeling into an iron ]iot, without water, near the fire. M'eslon, Jan. 22, 1830. .1. M. G. P. S. The starch above mentioned, was ob- tained by rasping the potatoes over a conmion grater, into soft water ; the starch settled soon at the bottom ; the grounds were then washed a second time into fresh water, and some more .starch obtained, but the quantity was so trifling as to give no encouragement to attempt a third wash- ing. The grounds were then pressed through a cullender, and dried, as well as the starch, before the fire. The water used for the washings was Inghly colored by the operation, especially by the Long Ucds. The concluding result, therefore, ap- pears to be, that in the case of the four jiounds of Long Reds, the whole amount of solid matter ob tained, after being well dried, weighed thirteen ounces and one half, that is to say, short of one quarter part of the weight of the potatoes, and that the remainder of their weight, that is to say, above three quarters of the whole, must have been juice or sap, which mixed with the water and thu.s col- ored it. Now, iVlr Editor, it is a question of .some inte- rest, in this matter, to know whether this juice, or sap, which appears to exist in potatoes, in. so great a proportion as fifty ounces and one lialf, out of 64, is nutritive in itself ; or whether the useful- ness of that root is limited to the small proportion of solid matter, as stated above, which it contains. The favor of your opinion and elucidations on the subject, would be highly esteemed, and interesting to farmers in general, who being in the habit of using large quantities of potatoes for the food of their swine, and occasionally of their cattle, should luiderstand as exactly as possible the real benefit which may be expected from the practice. It would be also very desirable to be informed of some method of obtaining the starch, which would unite more despatch, and make them to yield the largest proportion thereof possible. J. M. G. The collector of Canal Tolls at Albany, has published Iris statement for the past season. The amount of tolls collected by him is $161,418,64. The total number of boats that arrived and de- parted from Albany was twelve thousand three liwndred and twentynine. The property which arrived at Albany by the Erie and Champlain Ca- nals consistedof 260, 520 bbls. flour ; 18,558 bbls. ashes; 13,241 bbls. provisions; 39,218 bushels salt; 18,194 bbls. and 3,744 hhds. whiskey; 9,493 boxes glass ; 226,287 bushels wheat ; 206,-' 251 bushels corn, rye, and oats; and 132,164 bushels barley ; 9,182 bbls. of lime ; 18,008 cords of wood; 32,156 feet of tindier; 17,130 thousand shingles ; 28,180,884 feet of lumber. Effects of Internal hnprovement. — At a sale of lots, which took place at Hebron, Ohio, on the 4th and 5tli idt. about thirty lots were^old, the whole embracing about seven acres of land, which ave- raged more than one thousand dollars per acre. This town is at the junction of the great national road and the Ohio Canal, 26 miles west of Zanes- ville. March, of Improvement. — A locomotive engine often horse power, is building near Baltimore for the rail road. 220 NEW ENGLAND FAUxAIER, Jan. 29, 1&30. LIBRARV OP rSEFl'Li KXOVVLiBDG& [VtmlimMuli/rfm fV S>3-] CHAPTER II, THR DIFFERENT FOREIGN BRHKUS. ! mid rejoin; the henrW of my rliililrcii.' As he liroiiuiinciMl llic lust words, lie f\>ru\i^ \\\tu\i her l)n(!l<, and wus out of »ij;lit in a inonicni." Tin; next nnccdote is srnrcidy less tuiicliiiig, and not so well known. " lliraliini, a poor Imt worlliy ' Aral), nnalde to pay a sum of money \virn-li he TnE ARAUiAN. — Continued. lowed, was compelled to allow a mcrdiantof Roma When llic Arab Calls from his mare, and is to become partner with him in a vulnuble mare, unable to rise, she will immediately stand still. When the time came, he could not redeem his and iici;;li milil assistance arrives. Il'ho lie down pledge to this man, and the mare was sold. Her to sleep, as fati;:nc sometimes compels him, in the pedij^rce could la; trared on the side; of sire and midst of the desert, she stand.s watchful over him, J dam ("or full five Innxlred years. The price was and neighs and rouses him if cither man or beast three hundred pounds; an enormous sum in that approach. An old Aral) had a valuable mare, country. Ibrahim went fre<|Ucntly to Rama to that bad carried him for fifteen years in many a inipiirc after the m.ire ; he would embrace her, — ' bard fought li.-itile, and ninny a rapid weary march ; wipe her eyes with his handkerchief, — rub her at len!^th,ei;;lity years ohl, and unable longer to with his shirt sleeves,— and give her a thousand' ride her, he gave her, and a sciinetar that had been , hencdirtions during whole hoursthat he remained ; bis father's I" his eldest son, and told him to talking to her. ' My eyes I ' would he say to her, | appreciate their value, and never lie down to rest ^ ' my soul ! my heart ! must I be so unfortunate as [ nnlll he had rubbed tliein both as bright as a to have thee sold to so many niasler.s, and not' looking glas-:. In the fust skirmish in which the keep thee myself? lam ))oor, iny antelope I I; young man was engaged he was killed, and the brought thee up in my dwelling as my child. I did mare fell into tlio bands of the enemy. When I never heal nor chide thee ; I caresscr h-r to siviin. If, iminediaiely after this, she will eat as if nothing bad occm-nul, her character is estaldished, and she is acknow- ledged to be a iienuiiie d(!srendaut of tlie /Toc/i/oai breed. 'I'be Ariib is not conscious of the cruelty which he thus inllicts. It is an invariable custiun, and custom will induce us to inflict many a pang on those whom, aftc-r all, we love. The following anecdote of the attachment of an Arab to bis mare, has often been told, but it conies home to the bnsmn of everyone possessed of connnon feeling. "The vvhide stock ofan Arab of the desert, consisted of a mare. The French beauty before his tent, until he attracted his attention. On being asked if he would sell Iter ; — ' What will you give me ? ' was the reply : ' That depends upon her age ; I suppose she is past five ? ' — ' Guess again,' said he. ' Four ? ' ' Look at her mouth,' cald the Arab, with a smile. On exami- nation she was found to be rising three. This, from her size and syminetry, greatly enhanced her valiK!. The envoy said, ' I will give you fifty tomans.' (a coin nearly of the value of a pound sterling.) ' A little more, if you jilease,' said the fel- 1 low,apparently entertained. ' Eighty. A hundred.' lie shook his head and smiled. Vhe offer at last came to two hundred tomans! ' ^Vell,' said the Arab, 'you need not tempt mo further; — it is of no use. — You are a rich elclice (nobleman.) You have fine horses, camel.s, and inides, and, I am told, you have loads of silver and gold. Now,' added he, ' you want my mare, but you shall not have lii'r for all you have got.'" " An Arab sheick or chief, who lived within fifty miles of Bussorah, had a favorite breed of horses. He lost one of his best inares, and could al.oi't which he was more solicitous than abi his daughter." One of our own countrymen, the cnterpris traveller. Major Denham, afibrds us a jileas instance of the altacliment with which the «Is immediately at her master's call. At night, receives a little water ; and with her sea provender of five or six pounds of harlev or hot and somelimes a little straw, she lies down c t-int, in the midst of her master's family. She c however, endure great fatigue ; she will tm fifty miles without stopping ; she has been pnsl on emergency, one hundrcd'nnd twenty miles,; occasionally, neither she nor her rider has ta; food for three whole days. To the Arabian, |>rincipally, England is indcb fur her improved, and now unrivalled breed horses for the turf, the field, and the road, a- be shown when we treat of the English horse [To be continued.] consul offered to piirehase her in ordiM' to send not for a long while discover whether she was her to bis sovereign, I.ouis XIV. The Arab would sl(deii or had strayed. Some time after, a young have rejecteil the proposal at once wi h indignalion man of a different tribe, who had long wished to and scorn ; but be was miserably poor. He had miirry his daughter, but had always been rejected no means of supplying his most urirent wants, or by the sheick, obtained the lady's consent and proi'iiriiig the barest necessities of life. Slill lio from France, for the I.ilirary of the MassarliUsolLs ll( cultural Society, are four volumes of the " Annjic Horticiillure ilc Paris." This work has justly tcqiiire high rpptitaiion In Furopc, from the variety ami v.ilui the scienlilic and prarlicil inrormatlon which it conn on the most pleasinj; lininclics of rural cronoinv ; believing that translations of many of the arlirli-s. nil founil interesting ami instructive to the cullivmois of roiiiitry, I shall occasionally ofTer such, as you niaj di>po spirit of enuilalion, ami encourage a lasto for Ihr n refined of Iho Arts, that more than fiflrcn hundred ni< hers are already borne upon its rolls, anil they arc r.-ipi, Vol. VIII.— No. -IS- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURiNAL. 221 ■' ea-iinn'. Patronized by llie sovereign, most of the no- anil illustrious men of Fiance, have eagerly united, "Ptilfc the proprietors of estates, and the practical cultiva- of the soil, to collect and diffuse intelligence, as well le seeds and plants of every clime, for the common Irlilof the whole population of that rich and flourish- iii cinpite. llri Tie " Council nf Administration" holds two meetings '"1 ach month, when the reports of the numerous com- ) 1 tees, and the communications of correspondents are !"! I. From these, selections are made of such as merit c inserted in the Journal of the Society, and are ''"Jismilted to a " Committee of Compilation," whose duty i to prepare them for the press. he Annalcs are published in numbers, which are oc- omdly embellished with engravings, on the first of y month, and form two octavo volumes annually, of ut four hundred pages each. They are printed under superintendence of an Editor en Chef ',"" Jach number is divided into four principal sections, as aws : — Mi-moirs, Reports, and Communications. Niificcs, Extracts, and an Analysis of important works, lley and News, — comprehending the proceedings f learned societies, a Table of the prices of the pro- ucts of the garden, a Calendar of the horticultural vork to be performed in each month, and Extracts oni the Proces Verbals of the meetings of the Council f Administration: The Bibliographical Bulletin, in which is announced 11 works which are published, on Horticulture, Agri- .ulture, and on the Sciences connected with them. The plan of this Horticultural Journal, and the able nner in which it has been executed, commands uni- sal approbation. It-is not surpasso' by any other simi- work, and cannot fail of producing glorious results in ountry so fortunately situated as France, for the full .relopemeut of all the treasures of the garden and field. The translated extracts which I shall furnish, will be ibcred, to facilitate a reference to them, and if desira- I can send one every week.* The first, which I en- !, is much longer than most of those which may fol- v; but the subject is so important, and the manner of g it so interesting, that i.t could not be easily cur- led. With sincere respect, your most obedient servant. Briiiley Place, ) H. A. S. DEARBORN. "^/a/i. is, 1S3(). 5 EXTR.\CT XO. 1. rom the " Aniiales de ia Societie D' Horticul- ture de Paris." ■Co.NsiDERATio^s, nil tlic procesy, whirl) Horse- men arlopt to olitaiu New Ameliorated Fruits, id that vvliiili naturi; appear.s to em|iloy to ar- fe at tlie same result. 15y IVx. Poiteau. It is remarked, with astonisliinent, that when a w auielioratcd fruit a|ipeais, it is not, generally, nurseries where j^r^'it efforts had been made olitain if, that it first manifests it.self; it is also niarkahle, that liut few, or none, are developed those countries, where there are only good fruits, -as, for example, ill Paris : finally, in caslinj; a trosppctive glance over llie history of anieliora- d fruits, whose origin is known to us, it is re- arkalile, that all these fruits have oriirinateil iii le woods, and hedges, — and always in the iiite- cir of some province, where superior' fruits were We should be happy to receive and piildish the pro- ised articles, or any others, from the pen of our acconi- ished correspondent. — Editor. rare, or iiuknovvii, inferior tre(?s numerous, and cultivation iiiucli neglected. It i.s not possible, but that these remarks have been made a thousand times, during past ages, still it does not appear that an attempt has been made to deduce any argument or theory tliere- froiu, applicable to the research for new ameliora- ted fruits. In this research, however, we liave proceeded, in conformity to a trailitioii, based upon a great number of facts, observed among men, animals, and even among some vegetables ; but our failure ought, rit last, to induce us to think, that, either nature has not acted in the same manner, in cases which ai)pear to us to have a greater analogy between them, or that tlie thread of the analogies has eluded our grasp, and left us to grope in obscurity. Be that as it inay, — upon that as founded the jirocess which has been fol- lowed in France, in the research after new ame- liorated fruits. At all times, observation and reason have au- thorized us to think, that a well constituted man and woman would produce better formed children, than if the father, or mother, or both, were imper- fectly organizer! ; — the same reasoning has, also, induced us to admit, that children shoulii inherit the ])hysical and moral (jualities of their parents; and it is in conformity to this principle, that a ge neral rule has been established, in the union of domestic animals, in order to preserve pure breeds of cattle, or to ameliorate them ; finally, after having remarked, that the seeds of semi-double flowers, oft.mer jcoduce double flowers, than the seeds of those tb \t are single, it has been conclu- ded, from all these inductions, that the seeds of a superior Pear ought to produce a better fruit, than those of an inferior kind. Here, I think. Gentlemen, is the origin of the process, generally followed by nurserymen, when th^y plant with the hope of obtaining new ame- liorated fruits ; they prefer sowing the seeds of the best fruits, exjiectiug that these, being already ameliorated, will be more likely to produce a grsod fruit, than those of a degenerated kind. But, as I have before stated, either nature does not, always, act in the same manner, in cases which appear to us to have the greatest analogy between them, or, that the thread of the analogies has escajied us, since we do not, generally, obtain new ameliorated fruits, by the process commonly followed, although founded upon numerous analo- gies. DuHAMEL, during his long scientific career, carefully plantcil the seeds of all the best fruits, which were eaten at his table, and never obtained a fruit worthy of being cultivated. His cotem- poraries followed his example, and were not more fortunate. M. Alfroy, our fellow member, has informed yon, that he has annually made large seminaries, with the same care and ])recatition taken by Duhamel, and still he bad not obtained any new amelierated fruit. His father, and grand- father did the same, and with no better success. You do not see any new ameliorated fruits pro- 'luced, iu the numerous and vast nurseries of Vitry. Still the process which we now follow, re- poses upon well attested analogies ; it cannot be incorrect in itself; but we, probably, execute it badly, — in an incomplete manner, and above all| we apfiear to have lost the thread of the analo- gies, which should conduct us to that result, which we have vainly sought during several centuries, and which nature attains, entirely, alone, and by our side, — as if to show us the path, which we should follow. The investigation, which I intend to undertake- in order to find this path, obliges me to rerpiest, that you would be pleased, Gentlemen, to trans- port yourselves, in imagination, with me, to the United States of America ; because, it is there that nature actually o]K-rates in a grand laboratory, to produce new ameliorated fruits. Perhaps, after having exa;nined the works of nature in that grand laboratory, we shall return to our own coun- try with more enlightenoii ideas upon the subject, to which 1 have the honor of drawing your atten- tion. You will recollect. Gentlemen, that when the Europeans established themselves in that country, nearly three centuries since, they found neither Ajjples, Pears, or Peaches, and that they immedi- ately introduced some of our ameliorated fruits. But a colony which is established in a country inhabited by savages, is, at first, occupied with such numerous and necessary cares for self-pre- servation, that a long lime must ela])se, before the colonists would think ofniultiplying, by grafts, the ameliorated fruits which they had receiveil from Europe ; and it is conceding much, to suppose, that they had tlien time to jilant even a portion of the seeds of those fruits. Fortunately, nature, always active, planted them with her own power- ful hand ; but this was a resumption of her rights, anil causing the new fruits to reenter her domain ; so that in less than a century, all the ancient ame- liorated varieties which had been brought from Europe, were transformed, in their first genera- tion, into wild and sour kinds, unfit for the table. In the mean lime, these wild fruits, in their turn, produced seeds, which, having been planted, partly by nature, and partly by the hand of man, formed a second generation, whose fruits were not, probably, scarcely better than those of the first. Finally, a third, fourth, and fifth generation succeeded the first ; tben the inhabitants began to remark, that among the latter, some fruits were to be found, better than the preceding. This is not a bold and unwarrantable assertion. Gentlemen, but a tradition, preserved in that country, and which was transmitted to me by the inhabitants, when I was in Virginia, during the year 1801. Nature does not make leaps in her concessions, and it is only progressively and slowly, that she grants us what we demand of her, while she re- ceives back, and immediately again causes to re- enter her domain, the ameliorated fruits which we have enjoyed for several centuries, if we confide to her the seeds of them. This new information ought to enlarge and rectify our ideas: — it should enable us to perceive that we have done wrong, in eradicating and throwing into the fire, a tree, whose fruit did not answer our expectations ; it teaches us, that we should plant the seeds of the first fruit to obtain a second ; — those of the second to procure a third, a fourth, a fifth, &c, until we have attained the desired degree of amelioration ; or that which nature cannot surpass, in her trans- formations. It was by eradicating and throwing into the fire the tree, whose first fruit answered not our expectation.?, that we dropt, in fact, the thread of analogy,— that we were then misled, and it be- came impossible to obtain the result which we sought. Now, when oin- ideas are more clear, let us ask M. HuzARD, our fellow member, if, among domestic animals, the highest degree of possible amelioration, is ever attained in the first generation. His answer, in the negative, will be the comple- 222 Ni:\V ENGLAND FARiMEK, Jan. 29, 1830- rncril of tliat wliicli wu liavd Icaiiujcl in America, and convince us, lliul when wu seek tor new ameliorulej fruitti, wc (irocecil exactly in such a nianncr as never to obtain tiiem. tlicy roces8es, as stocks, those operations arc performed ; the apples arc founded on successful results. on Paradise, and the pears on quince trees, to The mirsery men, seeing that iti domestic ani- hasten their fructification. The first fruit is ge- inals, the races which have already begun to be : nerally very bad, but the Uelgiana do not regard ameliorated, arrive sooner at the maximum of i that ; whatever it is, they carcfnllv collect the amelioration than those which commence from the ' seeds and plant them ; from these, a second gene- lowest degree of degradation, have thought that I ration is produced, which commoidy shows a corn- it should be the same with the fruits of the apple, inciicemcnt of amelioration. .As soon as theyoimg and pear; and they have established as a general [ plants of this second generation have scions or ride, that it was advantageous to select the seeds j buds, proper for the purpose, they arc transferred of the best fruit.i. when thi-y planted, with the to other stocks, as were the preceding; the third hope of obtaining new ameliorated fruit*. This rule has been follr)wed, to the letter, from its ori- gin to the present time. Very well ! Vou all know, Gentlemen, that they have obtained, absolutely, nothing ; neither IVcts or rcsidts can be cited in its favor ; it even appears, that nature abrogates it, by the course which she pursues in her ordina- ry march. In fiu-t, we have seen, that the seeds of ameliorated fruits, planted in America, have produced oidy wild fruits, which have not shown a .sensible amelioration until after several genera- tions. If to this e.vample, we join a fact recorded and fourth generations are treated in the same manner, and imtil there are finally produced ame- liorated fruits worthy of being ju-opagated. M. Van Mo.ns asserts that, the peach and apricot, treated in this manner, afford excellent fruit in the third generation. The apple does not yield supe- rior fruit before the fourth or fifth generation. The pear is slower in its amelioration ; but JI.Va.v MoNS informs us, that in the sixth generation, it last meeting passed a unanimous vote, authori/ me to subscribe and pay in advance for one Iji dred volumes of the New England Farmer; >_ closed yon have my check on the Pawlux Bank for the aii:oimt of the same. " WILLIA.M KHODES, Tnatunr " R. I. Soc. En. Dom. In '■^Providence, Jan. 16, 1830." SUGAR BEET,— FOR CATTLE. Mil Fesse.vde.n — I wish to recommend to n brother farmers, a more general use of the Front Sugar Beet for cattle, as an improver of the qu lity of their milk. I purchased some of the set of Mr RussEi,!., last spring, at the Seed St connected with the New England F'nrmer oflic which has more than answered my expectation afl'ordiiig a boiimiful crop of large sound root v.hicl', if not so large as the Mangel Wurtzcl, think arc heavier and will keep better. The use as food by my cows, has produced a decidt no longer produces inferior, but aflbrds excellent "V*"'""'"' '" the quality of their milk, which hi fruits, intermixed with those of a middling quality. You will recognise, Gentlemen, by this e.vposi- by several authors,— to wit, that the seed of a | tion, that the method of the Belgians, is an imi Winter Bon-Chretien always produce a detestable tation of the course which nature pursues, in the fruit, we shall be induced to consider the rule of United States of America, to produce new ame- the nursery men as without foundation ; finally, if we support ourselves by the respectable au- thority of Mr Knight, President of the London Horticultural Society, who positively asserts, that the seed of the wild pear, fiicundated by the St.- liorated fruits ; and whether the Belgians had a knowledge of what liad passed in the United States, and that they have taken nature for their guide ; or whether by reason alone they have found out this method, it is not less true, that they mens of a blossom of an ameliorated one, it will obtain many new ameliorated fruits, several of yield a belter fruit than the seeds of an ameliorn- i which are now scattered Over Euro|>e, while we ted pear ; if, I say, we sujiport ourselves by the [ obtain none, absolutely none, by our process, respectable authority of Mr Knioht, wc shall be ; I have accomplishcll the task which had been fully authorized to think, that the rule of the ' assigned me ; I have placed the result before the nursery men is not only ill foundeil, but that it is • Horticultural Society, that it may decide, in its adverse to the success of the operation. j wisdom, whether niy labors have been, in some After these considerations upon the course , degree, useful to the progrestg of Horticulture ; which wc have always followed to obtain new and whether we should not abandon our unsuc- nmeliorated fruits, and upon that which nature j cessful method, and adopt that of the Belgians, appears to pursue, to arrive at the same results, it which appears to me excellent, and in conformity is proper to glance at the process which the Bel- j to the course of nature, gians, our neighbors, employ in like cases. You been ))erceplible by all my family, in two days ler I began to feed ijicm out to my cows This root is a good deal similar to the Mang^ Wurtzel in appearance and properties; and I hai no doubt the foflowing remarks by those eniinc agriculturalists Loweli, and Powel, on Mang Wurtzel, would have a still stronger application the Sugar Beet, it being a sweeter root. Mr LowEi.i. sa\s,(Ma3s.,'lg. Rep. vol. iii. No.' " cows fed upon this root solely, give a great ipiantity of milk and cream, and of a belter ijualit for the first fifteen days, after which, they gro too fat, and the milk lessens. The food of cov must therefore be varied. Oxen and sheep fattt Agriculture — A plantation in the iieigliborhood of Magnolia, rioriila, on which 35 persons were employeil produced last year 50,000 lbs. of sugar, ■10 bales of cotton, ami ~.")00 bushels of corn besides quanrjties of rice, peas, and rye. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY,- JANUARY 29, 1830. : know already, that they are much more for- tunate than we are in their results, that they freciuently obtain excellent new ameliorated fruits, several of which have enriched our gardens, and those of England, for a numb(>r of years ; iind as the process atid theory establish the cause of their restiltH, we should now be disposed to receive fa- vorably, the metlioil of tin; Belgians. Their com|ialrioi, .M. Van Mons, has made known the method which is pursued in Belgium, to obtain new luneliorated fruits ; and the infor- 1 (TT^Wo beg leave to proffer our most jfmtcful Illation which I now have the honor, Gentlemen, i acknowledgments to the Rhode Island Society for of coinmuuicaling to you, is but an extract from i the Encouragemeiit of Domestic Industry, for the the compilation of M. Van MoNs. efliricnt testimony of their approbation, which -'•O Sheep and 171 Swine; divided aj< follows The Belgians give no preference to the sends they have manifested by the following vote- and I »' 'W"" '"'"•*''. 2C9 Beef Cattle, (including 1( of toblo fruits, when they plant to obtain new our assurances that no cflbrts on our part shall he ""sol'l last week) 3 Stores, 1 120 Sheep, and 26 amchorated kinds. When their plants appear, I wanting to continue to merit their approbation. I ^"""^ : '<"''■'■ '"nrAW, 198 Beef Cattle, OS Store* very well upon it." Some further interesting pa ticulars will be found in Deane's New F.nglan Fanner, page -12, Col. Powel says, (Hints to .Imerican Husbani men,) " In proof of the advantages of this roo I have exhibited cream obtained from one of cows, fell for several weeks upon .Mangel Wiu-izi and Millet fodder. Its color and flavor ore pcrfc ly good ; the butter w hich it atVords is more lik that produced in June, than any 1 have used, e» cepting such as had been derived from cows fe on carrots and corn meal." I will only add, that in addition to its excel leiico for cattle, in improving the quality of thci milk, it is an excellent and tender root (i>r the ta bic, when drawn small and young. Yours, truly. V]. 1!. Concord, Mius. Jan. 23, 1830. Rrioiitom Market Monday, Jan. iX (Rcporicd for ihc Cliroiiiclc nml r.iirioi.) At market this day, I(i7 Beef Cattle 71 Storm ^ Vol. VIII..— No. 2 28. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 223 eluding 26 unsold last week) 1320 Sheep and 5 Swine. .\ good deal of business was done today in the ttle Market, notwitlistanding the unfavorable ite of the weather. A great pro|)ortion of the irkct cattle were uncommonly good, ])articular- two lots from Duchess Co. N. Y. and one or o lots from Connecticut River. From the qua- of the cattle the market must be considered a ide lower, as the prices were about the same as i last three or four weeks, with the exception rliaps of the best — a lefes number brought $5 r cwt. than in either the preceding weeks, srking Cattle, Steers, &c, dull. Milch Coivs — but few at market, and of ordi- rv quality' : those of good quality are in de- md. Slieep — The market today was uncommonly II supplied with good Sheep, and sales were eeted readily. — One lot of 233 Wethers, ned and fatted by Jos. French, Esq. of Ran- Iph, Vt. deserves more than a passing notice, being highly creditable to the gentleman. They re sold for $4;^- per head. In addition to those, : noticed the sale of the following lots of good eep — 1 lot of 60 at $4 ; 1 do. 80 at $3^, and lo. 100 at $2 J. The following lots comprise the ncipal transactions of those of a different qua- r—1 lot of 160 at $2 ; 1 do. 160 at $1 67 ; 1 , 130 at $1 33, and 1 do. 50 at $1 33. Swi7ie — Of the two lots at market, the only nsaction we noticed, was the sale of one lot to i owner of the other. at about 4 J cts per lb. )I5-Tlie Presidents of the following Agricultural Socie- . 5 will each of them find a valuable package addressed 11 hem, at the office of the New Eni{land Farmer, wbich K ;y will please send for, viz. — the Hartford, Conn.— the eshire. N.H. — the Middlesex, Mass. and the Straf- d, N. H. To Correspondents. — We are obliged to defer se- rai comnninications this week. AssorUd Seeds for Families. ■"or sale at the Seed .Store connected -viih the New England rmer, 52, North Market-street, small boxes of .\ssorled Seeds for Kitchen Gardens, llf: contains a package of the following seeds: — Each ]is|rly Washington Peas rf Blue Imperial Peas te Marrowfat Peas fly Mohawk dwarf string ieans rly dwarf white Caseknife ""leans H na, or Saba Pole Beans ., ng Blood Beet (true sort.) )y Turnip rooted Beet •ly York Cabbage pe Savoy do. d Dutch d 1 (for pick- ng.) rly Cauliflower rly Horn Carrol (very fine) iig Orange Carrot lite Solid Celery rled Cress or I'eppergrass ly Cucumber ig Green Turkey do. fheal tahl Long Dutch Parsnep Large Head Lettuce Early Silesia do: Pine-apple melon, (very fine.) Watermelon ^ Large White Portugal Onion Large Red do. Double Curled Parsley Flat Squash Pepper Early Scarlet Short-top Ra- dish While Turnip Radish Salsify, or Oyster Plant Early Bush .Squash Winter Crook-neck Squash Early While Dutch Turnip Yellowstone Turnip POT HERB SEEDS. «ectMarjorum,Sage, Sum- mer Savory. II be seen, comprises all Ihe best common les several new varieties of uncommon excel- ce. Every kind is warranted of the very first quality ihness and purity. Each box contains directions for nagemenl of the different sorts. Price §3 per box. 'an. 29. eopislf the Hat Store. ,^ The Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washington Jet, a first rate assortment of Hats, comprising all qualities, ong which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends h confidence lo the public, as being a superior article at the PP. Also— Misses Black and Drab Beaver Bonnets, of Ihe lest London Fashion, elegantly trimmerl. ov. 20. |F18 STEPHEN W.OLNEY. Full Blooded Horse for Sale. The celebrated full blooded horse • Young Eclipse' is for sale. Ho was four years old last May— is a fine bay, well formed and active. Eclipse is from a Messenger More, his grandam from the young Dey of Algiers. The owner is willing to compare him with any horse of his age th.it has been raised in the New England States .Many of liis colts which have taken premiums at the exhibitions, may be seen in the neighboring towns. The horse may be seen on application to Edmund Brownei.l, Esq. Little Comp- ton, R. 1. and further information given on application at the New England Farmer ofiice. Little Compton, Jan. 29, 1830. 3t Seeds for Hot Beds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with tlie New England Fanner office, No. i2, jN'orth Markel-slreet, a fine collection of seeds, both of American and European growtli, lor forc- ing in h.H beds, among which are Ihe Early Frame and fine Long Green Turkey Cucumber, and other varieties— Early Curled Silesia and Early Tennis-ball Head LcHhcc- fine Early Canliflower (from Holland)- Green Citron, Pine-apple; and other Melons — the Inie Early Short lop Scarlet and Turnip rooted Kudis/ies- Early York, Early Dutch, Early Emperor, Early Sugar-loaf, and Early Balter.sea Cabbages.— A\so, Ear- ly Turnip Blood Beet, and Early Horn Carrol, (a peculiarly delicate sort for the table)— and every other variety of Kitchen Garden Vegetable Seeds, cultivated in Ihe United Stales. Jan. 29. If Sugar Beet, &fc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North Market-street, 100 pounds prime French Sugar Beet Seed, raised expressly for this cslablishmein, by John Prince. Esq of Roxbury, from seed originally received by him from Paris. The excellence of this root for cows, in imjjroving Ihelr milk, and for lalleniiig 1, sheep, and other kinds of slock is well known— it is also a fine root for the table when diawn young and lender. It keeps later and belter in the spring Ihan Mangel Wurtzel. Also, a most extensive collection and variety of Gar Jen, F'ield ami Flower .Seeds, Peas, Beans, &c, both of European and Ame- rican growth, comprising llic greatest variety to be found in New England. Country dealers supplied on the most liberal terms, either with well assorted boxes for retail — or by the pound or bushel. Jan. 29. if Valuable Real Estate. For sale, 370 acres of land in the town of Bradford. Mass. called ihc Elwell Farm, lying on Merrimack river, and on the post road from Haverhill lo Salem and Newburyporl, one mile from Haverhill bridge, and which would be sold in divisions lo suit purchasers, having several houses, barns, and oul houses thereon, to accommodate five or more farms, as might be wanted. Said land consists of mowing, tillage, a:id orcharding excelled by none in the county of Essex, and has an island di- rectly opposite containing SO acres, well situated for the keep- ing of sheep, or cultivation of grapes. Also, about 70 acres of salt meadow. _ For terms, which would be made easy, please apply at the Merrimack Bank in Haverhill, or, of Messrs J. & H.'J. How, merchants, in Boston. 7t * Haverhill, Ms. Jan. 8, 1830. For Sale, At CharlcstowB Vii.eyard, Eden-street, south side of Bun- ker's hill, a full collection of the finest kind of green house plants, comprising 30 varieties of camellia japonica, 100 kinds of the finest geraniums, about 20 varieties of the fines! China roses, many of whichare entirely new, 5 varieties of Pseonia Arboria, a quantity of while and pink Primula Sinensis, with a great number of other plants of the most rare and valuable kinds. The above collection consists of such plants as are hardy, and suitable for parlors; many of thein have recently been se- lected from the first eslablishmenls in E-jglaiid and Scotland, by a person who had previously resided for several years in the neighborhood of Boston. He lias be.^n particular iii procuring such plants as will meet the taste of the Boslon public, and be suitable to the climate. They have arrived within the last month, and are in fine order, having been under Ihe immediate care of the individual w'ho selected them on their passage across the Atlantic. The above will be sold at the green house, at reasonable prices, and warranted for Ihe kinds specified on sale. A ctut- slant supply ofcamellia flowers and bouquets for sale as above. Jan. 22. 3t DAVID HAGGER.STON. JVants a Situation, As gardener, a steady, active young man, who is perfectly acquainted with every department of the business, particularly hot houses and grceii houses, and the treatment of trees and vines in general; has a wife, but no children ; will hire him- self as a single man, and his wife to live ivilh the familv. or in any other form which may answer, according to arrangement ; will take charge of a farm and garden if reqiiiretl, andean give the most respectable reference in the vicinity of Boslon. Any commands directed to G. F. No. 9, Devonshire street, rear of the Exchange Coflee house, Boston, will be respectfully attended to. * 3t Jan. 22. Blitck ('arrant H'inc. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market- street, A lew dozen bottles of superior old Black Currant Wine, made by a genlleman in this yiciliily; an account of its astrin- gent and detergent properties in va'rious complaints, and par- licularly the Sore Tliroai will bo found in the New England Fanner, vol. V. page 2i;7. wriiicn by Samuel W. Pomerov. Esq. and the late Doct. John G. Cofkin. Price 75 cts. per boiile,— also, a few bolilcs of old While Dutch Currant Wine, price 50 cents per boiile. If Jan. 15. Glcdilschia triucanthos Seed. Fir sale awthe Seed Store connected wilh the "New Eng- land Farmer, 52, North Maikel-street, A few pounds of fresh seed of the gamine g/edilschiairiacan- tlios, or three ihorned Acacia, for live fences. This is the sort recommended by Judge BuEi,, (in the New England Farmer for Dec. 11, page lli-i,) wiio has several thousand plants grow- ing, as the best plant that can be culiivaled in this country for heilges; of very rapid growth, long and abundant thorns, a\id of hard and strong wood. tf Jan. 8. JV*ei« England Farmer, complete. For sale at the oftice of Iho New England Former, 52, North Market-.streei, A COMPLETE set of the N. E. Farmer, in seven volumes, from iis commencement, Aug. 3, 1822 ; being the only copy that is known lo be for sale. The character of this work is loo' well known lo require comment — comprising the official accounts of Ihc principal Cattle Shows in Nev.- England ; Reports of Comniittees;numerous valuable essays on agriculture, gardcii- ing. orcharding, domestic economy, &c. &c. by various agri- cullnrists in New England, and the Middle States— forming in itself a useful library lor the Farmer : neatly half bound and lettered, and in very fine order, al ,J3,75 per volume. If Jan. 22, 1830. PRICES OF COUJ\rTRY PRODUCE. FROM TO Ar-PLES,best, - ■ - barrel. 1 75 2 25 ASHES, pot, firs4 sort, Pearl, first sort, . . - ton. 130 00 135 CO '* 14n 00 150 00 BEANS, while. atjsbel. 75 1 00 BEEF, mess. barrel. 9 25 9 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 7 75 8 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 6 75 7 00 BUTTEK, inspected. No. 1. new. pound. 12 14 CHEESE, new milk, " 6 8 Skimmed milk. " 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 50 5 76 Genesee, - 't 5 75 6 00 Rye, best, - - . . " 3 62 3 87 GRAIN, Corn, .... bushel. 62 63 Rye, - - " 75 78 Barley, - " 62 Oats. .... '* 40 42 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. cwt. 8 00 8 SO LIME, cask. 85 90 PLAI.STER PARIS retails at ton. 4 00 PORK, clear, barrel. 15 00 16 00 Navy, mess. " 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 12 SO SEEDS, Herd's Grass, . bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl Meadow, - " 3 00 Rye Grass, . - *' 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Grass. - « 3 OO Red fop . . . ■ . " 62 1 00 Lucerne, .... pound. 38 50 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 50 Red Clover, (northern) 7 8 French Sugar Beet, . " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - it 38 40 Merino, full tjlood. unwashed. 25 Mer.no, three lourths washed. 30 35 Merino, hall blood. 11 28 33 Merino, quarter washed, . - " 25 28 Nat've, washed, - 11 25 28' Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, . (t 37 38 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. tt 21i 31 Pulled, " spinning, first sort " 30 33 PUOVISIOIV MARKET. CORRECTED EVEBV WEEK BY MR HiVWABD, (C(erk nf FaimiU-hatl Alurkel.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, besl pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, . MUTTON, .... POULTKY. .... BUTTER, keg and tub, . Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, I'OTATOS, CIDER, [according to quality,] pound. 8 •' 6 " 5 " 4 " 6 " 14 ■ i. 15 dozen. 16 bushel. <-■ 33 barrel. 1 50 224 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Jail. 29, 1S30. MISCELLANIES. EUROPEAN KrNGS. [Extract of a letter from Thomas Jeflcrson lo ijoveriior LangdoiiiOf New ilampsliiie, written in ISIO.] Wlieii I observcil lliiil tlio Kinff of Kiii>lutul was a cyplier, I iliil not iiicaii to i.-onfiii<' the uhservn- tion to the men; iniliviiliial Jiow on the tliroiic. The practice of Kings niarryiii;,' only into the faniihes of Kings, has l)een that of Enrope for some centuries. Now, take any race of animals, confine tlicni in idleness and inaction, whether in u stye, a stable, or a stale room, pamper them witli high diet, gratify all their appetites, immerse them in sensualities, nonrish their passions, let everything bend before them, and banish what- ever might lead them to think, and in a few gen- erations they become all body and no mind ; and this, too, by a law of nature — by that very law by wliicli we arc in the constant practice of changing the charactei-s and propensities of the animals we raise for our own purposes. Such is iIjc regimen in raising Kings, and this is the way tliey liayc gone on for centuries. While in Europe, I often anuiscd myself with contemplating tin' cliararlers of the then reigning sovereigns of Europe. Louis the XVI. was a fool of my own knowledge, and in despite of the answers made for Jiiin at his trial. The King of Spain was a fool, of Naples the same. They passed their lives in hiinling, and despatched two couriers a week, one thousand miles, to let each other know what game they had killed the preceding days. The king of Sar- dinia was a fool. All these were Hourbons. The Queen of Portugal, a Hraganza, was an idiot bv nature. And so was the king of Denmark. Their sons, as regents, exercised the powers of government. — The king of Prussia, successor to the great Frederick, was a mere hog in body as well as in mind. Clustavtis of Sweden, and Joseph of Austria were really crazy, and George of En- gland you know was in a strait waistcoat. There remained, then, none but old Catharine, who had been too lately picked u|) to liave lost her com- mon sense. In this state Bonaparte found Europe; and it was this state of its rulers which lost it witli scarce a struggle. These animals had become without mind and powerless ; and so will every hereditary monarch be after a few generations. Alo.xander, the grandson of Catharine, is yet an exception. He is able to hold his own. J5ut ho is only of the third generation. — His race is not yet worn out. And so endcth the book of Kings. from all of whom the Lord deliver us. Turkey. — A letter from Smyrna published in tin N.Y. Commercial Advertiser, says the severe la.vcs nud requisitions laid upon the Turkish population jiroduced discontent, and smoothed the way for the succe.s.ses of the Russians. .\sia Minor was never so desolate, so thinly populated as now. Cities arc crundiling to ruin, villages exhibit no- thing but roofless and blackenei' wall.s, and vast fertile plains lie entirely unciiliiv.iteil. Thousnnils and tens of tliousamlsoftlie n the pros pcrity of llnn)e()plc. " It is painful," says the writer," to cuntemplale «uch a country as Turkey — so bciiuiifiil, so fertile )et left in such a stale ;to look upon the stalely figures and noble counte- nances of the Turks, and know that they are ham- pered by a religion and government which lend to repress every movement towards civilization." " Lo.tk now al Greece, ye scofTers at her name ; look at her, and compare her wilh any province of Turkey, and say, if ye ilarc, that her bloody truggli; lins been an iiuavaihug one. Though soiled wilh dust, she is erect; tliongli much of her blood has flowed, ihe stands free, and ready to start forward in the course of civilization. Give Greece \'> or 20 yearsof trumpiillily — gratify her thirst for knowledge — give her schools ; and if she does not put to the blush all who have de- clared her incapable of regeneration, then have 1 been mistaken after four years intimate acquain- tance with lier people." — Hampshire Gazette. I The .'Middlesex Agricultural Society I: I awarded ll,.- 1st prcmii.ui for Hops, SIO, to J, and Ihe 2d. ^.0, lo Simon Ulanchard, of Boxl . , .N'atlian Barrett, of Concord, for a remarkable < I of Onions, received n gmtuity off 4. The tolls of the Erie and Chanipluin Cat - more than pay llio interest of dcbi incnrrt.l ilieir conslrnclion by tlie sum of $i93,S49. The Hudson and Delaware Canal Coni|. expert the next season lo transport to the IIuJ. , river 360 tons of coal in a dav. Onions. — During the last season there was raised at Flatbush, in the gurden adjoining the Academy, and in charge of Mr Kellogg, forty bushels of onions on the twentieth j.-art of an .<»cre of ground, being at the rate of 800 bn.-^hels to the acre. This fact was witnessed by all the neigh- bors, and is a strong evidence of what may be acconi[ilislicd by good husbandry. — Long Island Star. The South Carolina Agricultural Society have offered j)reniiums for the encouragement of per- sons engaged in the culture of sugar, silk, indigo, and madder, within that state. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. Tiie Baltimore American of Tuesday last, says — " We are gratified to learn that tlie instal- ment of live dollars per share on tlic .>-tock of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company, which was due on Wednesday last, has been entirely paid up, and that not a single forfeiture has taken place for non-payment. This fact afl^ords conclu- sive evidence of Ihe confidence of the stockhold- ers in their Board of Direction, anil in the impor- tance and advantages of the enterprise which they have in charge. Tomato Mustard and Ketchup. For Bale at the Agri(:ullural Warehouse, No. .12 Nc Market street, Tomato .Mustard, an excellent article beef itleakB, roast meats, '» fiore, (S'l'.roa.l n, al rtlail. >»Or, CAHS, &c. ul iho lfst<,ualiiy-ch<-nf fnr cajl, The Pennsylvania slate loan for Rail Roads has all been taken up. Scandal. — A correspondent of the Southern Re- ligious Telegraph proposes to establi'.h a Society for the suppression of Scandal in all its branches. All persons on entering are to give up all their old enmities and prejuilices ; lo use no double dealing nor e(|uivocalion and to consider the names and characters of their fellow creatures as sacred. Each member is to repeat 12 limes a day the fol- lowing sentence ; •' Judge not, that yo be not judged." Members using such expressions as the following are to be censured and confess their faults ; — " I can believe almost anything of that woman" — " Mr V. who has been a widow- er only three inonlhs is paying particular altenliop. to Miss U." — " I am ghid i\lr B. has been turned oft' by Miss C. — " You don't know what a wicked thing Mrs — has said of you." — Hamp. Gaz. .■jriO reward is olfered for u villain who cut out the tongue of a brewer's horse in Soulhwark, Phi- ladelphia. Hail fio/K/.— The Maunch Chunk Rail Road in Pennsylvania, is cowpleteil. Its cost Una fallen short of $25000 per mile. Green House Plants and Flourers. The subscriber, {gardener to J. Pbinck, Em), al J; Plains, Roxbury, has for sale a large variely of planU. ( liicm »0 varieties of faincllia Japooica from 54 lo 58 albo flowers lur llouquets ; and in llie pri>|ier n-iyua. a • i.f liardy shrubs, jilanls, and trail irces ; also, a quaiiiiiv for burders, al reasimable prifrs. KU\VaR1J SAVEI Jamaica PlaiD!., Jan. 15°, 1830. 4( Fine Stud Horse For Sale. A beautiful dark bay siud, half blood of ibe Eii^nsh dr; horse, fifteen and a half hands >ii«b, slrt>ni; and u«;ll lur eight \cars old the ensuing spring, is offered for sale. lit sure loal getter, fine figure, kind in any harness, and . ; fail lo give satisfaction. )ln stock has 'proved eirellcii have sold al §50. al (our inonlhs old. Applj (post p.,, J. B. Russell, Publisher of Ibe New England Farmer, eopll Jap. Fanner JVanted. Wanted an iulelligcul, iutlustrious, and capable man. a small family, lo irkc charge ^f a large farm ; the wife ; industrious, and well acqoainiej with ihe dairy. A |*imji cau well manage such a farm, w here a large slock of she< kepi, acquainted with the cultivation of roots, and svsici in all branches of farming, and who is well known for hi legriiy of character, may, perhaps, hear of a place ihat please him by applying al die office of ihe New England ■"cr- eptf Jan. 1 Hemp Seed. For sale al the Seed Store connected Farmer, 3'2, Norlli Alarkei Street. A few bushels of prime Hcini. 1829. (raised »lioll\ from the celutiratetl V ergenaes cost S5 per bushel.) Ii is n small lol of uncommon i quality, and fanners who are turning their atlrniion to iln lure of this profitable plant, can sccuie cxct-llenl seed, n per bushel, if applied fur soon. tf J*o. I Gardener H'anted. The subscrilicr wishes lo cmph>ya gardener whoiimlersti his profession, and can produce satisf.ictory ie.< n. Jan. 8. if_ THO.MAS UREWK.B Seneca Oil. A few gallons Seneca oil, for sale bv Jan.B. 41 ' JON.VTlLVN P. IIAI.I.. Jn. No. I, l-'nion-strrrl. I'oMol Seed. inected with ihc New F.iig l>~ -'• t .Seed, fur sowing, gT<'» I ebratetl \'ergenoes s*'esi v Published every Friday, al S3 per annum, pavablr al end olihe year — btit ihoso w-ho pay wiihiu sixi\ i(.i_\s ttom lime of sul>srribiiig, are eiiliileil lo a dediiriinn ot fifty rents 03' No paper will t>o sent lo a distance without pavniral ing made lu advance. Primed lor J. 11. Kussr.i.L. by I. K IliTTS— by wl all descriptions of Priming can be eirrni.d to mrei ihr wi of customers. Orders for priming received by J. It. Ktssi al (be Agricultural Warehouse No. 5!£ North ftlarkct 8i 10ENT5. AVtti Ynrk—G. Thucuckn & Son, G1 1.iberly-strrei. Philtitltlpliiii— n. sV C I.jiKiiRETH. «i I'hostiHitsm-el. Btllimore—Vt. H. S.UITII, Oflicc of ibe American Farmer. ./IZ/wni/— Hon. Jr.ssK IluKL. //art^ril— (JoopwiN & Sons. Ihli/ar, N. It.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Omce. ORIGINAl, COMMUNICATIONS. FOBfTHE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JARD AGAINST THE CANKER WORM. '"Mr Fessendf.n — Among the many expoilieuUs )l)tecr of uninteresting pale flowers. The oilier division was transplaiiteil as above recom- 1 mended in luam and leaf mould, which delayed ' the flowering some weeks; but when it did bloom, nothing could exceed its beauty, covered with u profusion of neat pink blossoms, which were dou- . ble the size of those of the other plant. | It is gratifying to the purchasers of the Ency- ' cirpedia of Gardening, by Joii.v Clai'dius Lou- ( DON, to learn, that a supplement thereto is now ' publishing in London, of which a sufficient num-' her of copies will be printeil to siip|ily all the holders of the principal work. A new edition i< also saiil to be in the course of preparation. There i is also cause for believing that an Api>endix :o ' the Encyclopedia fif Plants, will be given eie long, which is necessary to the completion of tlie work as it was commenced in 1822, since wliicj time, important discoveries have been made in th? , science. .Any man who wishes correct infornia-| tion of the jircsent state of Botany, Agricultur! | and Horticulture in Europe, cannot do better thai supply himself with tlie Enr^yclopedias of Plautf> Oiirdcning, and Agriculture, and the Gardener'.- Magazine. Even in the small matter of the pur chase of a book, it is desirable to receive our mc- ney's worth, which is ever the case in buying tie works of Mr Loudon. The fifth edition of tie Encyclopedia of Gardening is as neat a specimen of typography as has been issued from the Lor- don ))res3 ; in contains more than seven hundrel engravings, and as much reading matter as three of the large quarto volumes of Rees' Encyclope-,' dia. I York, Pa. Jan. 15, 1830. FOR THE NEW EHGLAIiD FARMER. I NATIVE GRAPES. i Mr Fessende.n — There seems to exist inuea' j)eri)lexity in the ))ublie mind, which variety of the ; Bland grape, that has been presented to the lior- ticullural Society for examination the last seison, ' is the true Bland. That many should be conffund- ed, is not surprising, as there has been plucel be- fore the Coinmittee for inspection, four vareties so called, of Red grapes, viz. Bland's pale Red, Blattd's yirfrinia, Bland's Madeira, and the Hand or Poictl i^rape, which, in fact, arc all one liud. As one of the Commiltee, and usually present at the tasting of fruits, I will endeavor to select the variety that I consider the true BlamCs pale Red grape ; (this name I shall call it,) and the reas)ns why I am induced to believe it is. As the foliage and wood of the above kinds are so similar, it would be ditlicult to observe the difTerencc, I will resort to the different forms of the bunches, and size of the berries ; some were short bunches, small berries, and quite acid ; — some large berries, good size, but on short biineli- cs, were nearly ripe and good lasting ; but those from the garden of N. Seaver, Roxbury, were decidedly the best in taste, fine, long bunches, and handsome berries ; this variety 1 shall speak of as the Inie Hlaud. Mr Heaver otTered his grapes tlie last Saturday in September, and the two following in (.Jriober, for examination ; in my opinion, this is the best variety of our native grapes. MrS. informed mo his vines were cuttings taken from Major J. An- i.im's vineyard, Georgetown, 1). C, from his Bland vines, and 1 will select Mr Am. im's de- scription of this grape from his " Treatise on iho Vine," by which you will have a true delineation of .Mr S.'s grapes. I will also add the history a origin of this variety, in a letter to the write this article, which apjicars to be good authori ami sets it in a clear light ; likewise I will add extract from a gentleman's letter in New Jei-s to show that this variety the last two jears, I matured belter there than irilh Mr .Adllm ; this o has been the case here, for Mr Seaver informs his grapes have ripened icilt the last four i/ears ; t proves that our summers are svjficienlly icarm a long, to remove all doubts that have been erpressta their not ripening so far .Vorth. Description from Mr Adlcm's Book. — '• 1 grape, when perfectly ripe, is of a dork piirj otherwise of n pale red color. Mr Bartram his letter to Dr Mease, above mentioned, descril it as follows : — ' Tlie bunches are large, brand and well shaped, six or eight inches in leng the berries large, about the size of the comn white grape of Europe, and round or obia when ])erfectly ripe, of a dark purple, or red w color; the juice sweet and lively, having a li musky flavor, with a smoll portion of an agreca astringency, somewhat like our best bunch grapes, though much sweeter than any of th< If this grape is what I take it to be, a genu American, it is a hybrid or variety. • • • have been thus particular, because, in Virgii they call it, or a grape like it, the Mazzei gra and say that it was brought from Italy by h Fiom the respectable authority that gives I account, I have no doubt but that Mr Maz carried a grape like it, or itself to Virginia : at the same time, I am as certoin as n person ■ be, tliat did not see the whole operation, of grape growing from the seed, that the Me; Bartram had the grape that I call the Bl Madeira, and am now cultivating by that na before even Mr Mazzei came to, or savr country."' Extract from Major J. Adldm's letter to me, ted .Yovember 8, 1829. — " My opinion is, that Bland Madeira will not answer so far nortf Boston ; it is the latest I have, and they onl; pen well with me once in about three years ; without they are growing against a bouse ■ well sheltered arbor, or in a town, I think the hut very little chance of their ripening wel your latitude ; the year before Inst they ripe well with me ; but last and this \ear they cfid ripen at all. The late Mr Bartram, whose tlicr before the revolution, was calleil the (.iue Botanist, informed me as fiir back as the j 1788, 'hat the Bland Madeira was a native, found on the eastern shore of Virginia, by a Bland, iiid from whom be got it ; anil the Samiei. Powel, Esq. got the same grape f Mr Bi.A ND." Extract from another letter from Major J. Am , \dated .Wn'cmher 29, 1829. — " Your arcoum I\!r Seaver's Bland grape is very pralil'xiiif . me ; I recollect young Mr Seaver's getting cuttings from me, and I am certain he got the kind. Mr Seaver's Bland grape is, 1 snppos« t well sheltered situation ; wbelher they wouli 1 pen equally well in a vineyard in the eountrx |t ijiiestion. My Blaiids are now on the vim s ifipe. There is no accounting for fruits' ripci in diflereiit climates ; probably the change of .ind the nature of it, with the sun being n jiowerful, anil the season more uniform in a no 'em than a siMilhern latitude, innv in hss limr. Vol. VIII.— Nn. 28. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 227 nato tlio fruit rctiioveii to it. Tlie two last sea- is a consiJeiiible part of the ends of the vino "'i itiniiccl green until the frost came, when they re of course destroyed when the wood was not '" e." Mr Seaver's Bland vines are planted apart ; no in the centre of his large ;^arden ; .some cen feet from the southwest end of his house, ' d one vine the east side of a stone wall, under ree ; this last is the only one on which the ipes did not mature well. From the following extract from a letter to me, T ma gentleman in New Jersey, of Dec. 11th, 29, it will appear the Bland grape does well jre. — " The Bland or Powel gra])e has been cul- ated with success here ; it is a large red berry pcsed in large long bunche.s, and it is a great arer ; this season it has not ripened so well as lal, but my neighbor had them in the best por- tion of any person I know ; he had a beautiful w pply from the middle of September to the lat- lil ■ end of October. CATAWBA GRAPE. As this grape will be introduced into cultivation this part of the country, and probably will take lonsiderable place in our gardens and fields, I II state the information that has been given me, )m JIajor J. Adi.um, in a letter of Nov. 8, 1829. " The Catawba vine, I found in Mrs Schei,l'.s rden, at the village of Clarksburgh, Montgotne- county, Maryland, and the family could not in- •m me how or where Mr S. got it ; all they ew about it, was, that he in his life time, called ^atawba. It makes wine of various qualities, good, and I look upon it as worth all the grapes the United States, foreign or domestic, for a leyard. I have no doubt, but the Catawba ipe will ])lease you as a native of our country, is the most beautiful grape to the eye, when they gin to ripen, that I know of. Those that ripen riy in the sun are of a purple color ; those that partially shaded, are of a lilac color; and 3sc that ripen in the shade are mostly white, d are longer in ripening than those that have advantage of the sun, but have none of the isky flavor, resembling the Frontignac, that the lored ones have ; when white they are perfectly eet, and semi transparent. I had heard so much about Mrs Schell's vine the summer, and the quantity of grapes on it, it in the aututnn, I rode to her house to view it, an arbor seventeen feet long. I estimated 3rc were on 0[ie vine over eight bushels grapes fine order. I then rode to Joshua Johnsto^es, q. to see the eleven vines he had from Mrs hell's vines growing on fifty yards of trellis, d I estimated the crop would exceed thirty shels of fine grapes. 1 have had from a single le in my vineyard, from three to five pecks of ipes, of four years old, from one cutting. Fo- gners invariably prefer the Catawba to the and, an'0\VL.G:DGE. ICfHtiKucd jytm fag» feo.] CHAPTER II. TlIK DIFFERENT FOREIGN JIREEDS. TIIF. EAST INDIA.'* MORSE. W'c will now travtl further eastward, and look at the breeds of horses incur Indian |iossessiniis. First, we have the Tnorky, orij^inaliy from a Toor- koinun unieize, bile, and kick each other with the most dt'termined fury, anrl frequentlv cannot be separated befori' their heads and liauMclies stream with blood. Even in skir- mishes with the natives, their horstii take part in the fray, tearing each other wit'i their teeth, while their masters are in similar close quarters on their backs." His description of a Persian race ilnes not al- together remind us of Newmarket or Doncaster. " My curiosity was fully on the spur to see the racers, which I could not doubt have bei'n chosen from the l)cst in the nation, to exhibit the peifec- , tion of its breed befm-e the sovereign. The rival horses were divided into three sets, in order to lengthen tin- amirsement. They had been in Irain- iii!.' for several weeks, going over the gnuind very often rim'iug that time ; anil when I did see them, 1 foimil SI) much ])ains had been taken to sweat and reduce their weight, ihal their hones were nearly rntling the skin. The distance marked for the race was a stretch of lour-and-twenty miles, and, that hi.s ni:ijesly might not have lo wait when we bad reacheil the fiehl, the horses had set forward long before by three ilivisioiis, from the starting point, (a short interval of time • It l« the u»ual floorinjof the iilfiblc ami the Cent. The iiniteil iiifluciifc of the sini nnrt nlr H lull ly exceeilcd a inodcrale canter when ihey pan before the royal eyes." In t'invissia almost every family of distiiiclii whether of princes or iiobl<-s, boasts of po.'^.-.C'si * .1 peculiar race of horses, which, w hen vouiig, i burned on the butlock with a particular ma On ibis occa.-'ioli, they act with the most scrii| lous adherence to custom, so that a person w slionld attempt to burn n characier ex pressing i lile desceni, on a filly of a cumiiioii race, wi.u for such fiirgery, forfeit his life. The' most ci- hraied race of Circassian horses has receiveil t n.iuie of Shalokh, and is in the exclusive pos» k sion of the Tan Sultan family. This race is t uable for its slrenglh and swiftness, more than peculiar beauty. Its distinguishing mark is u f r horse shoe, without an arrow. THE TOORKOUAN HORSE. Turkistan is that part of South Tartary, iiort east of the Caspian sea, and has been celcbral iVoin very early times, for producing a pure a valuable breed of lioi-scs. They are called To> komans. They are siiid to be preferable even the pure Persians, for service. They arc larj standing from fifteen to sixteen hands high ; ftewifl, and inexhaiislihle under fatigue. Some I them have travelled nine hundred miles in eley I successive days. They, however, arc soinewl: too small in the barrel, — too long on the legs,- occasionally ewe necked, and always have a he out of priqiortioM large ; yet, .■such ore the g* qualiries of the hor.se, that one of the pure blu is worth two or three hundred pounds, even iu tl country. Captain Fraser,4vho is evidently a good jiirl of the horse, (in his Joiinicy to Khornsan) ih relates the iinptcssioii which they made on hit — "They are deficient in compactness. Th bodies are long in proportion lo their bulk. Th are imt well ribbed up. They arc lQ.ng on t legs, — deficient iu muscle, — falling off below 1 knee ; — narrow chested, long necked, — he large, uncouili, and seldom well put on. Sin was the impression I received from the first sir of them, and it was not for some time that il superior valuable i|Ualities were apparent to im [To ht conliniifj vrrl wrtk ] HORTIOILTURE. Mr Fessknden — As the cullivalion of Silk IVon now claims attenllon, in all parls of the I'nilcil Sitli [ the folloHinj; extract may be fouiiil inlercsiing lo Ihc e periaientalist ; ami believing Ihat ihc newly tliicover ' 'Mulberry tree, which has excited so much inquiry I Italy and France, would he a valuable acquisiiloii Iu t) counlry, iiicusures have been taken, to procuie ^ rd* fr* 'Europe, for dislribution among the nieiubera of the .M( Uarhunclt.'i Horticultural Society. I Silk will become one of the great staple pnxiurU {our eounlty, and nllhoiigh the reaiin:; of the v;iluable ii ippit>prliilr aliment, i» rpcriall kicludcd, and conslilulen ene of the most important di lartmcnls. Very rcipeclfully. Your most ol>edlcnl seiranl. Briulai Placr, \ H. A. S. DE.^RBORN. Jan. 29, 1830. ( Voi.viii.— No. ag. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 229 EXTRACT yo. II. From the Annalcs U' Horticultuie. .e.poH on a new species of Mulbtrry Tree, discov- ered by M. MoBETTi, Professor of .Agrarian Economy in the University of Pavia ; by Dr FONTANEILLES. Gf.ntleme.n — Having beeu directerl, at your St meeting, to make u report upoiiu letter, which as pubhsheil in 1826, in tlio Journal of Pliysics 1(1 Chemistry of Pavia, and presented to the So- ety hy Baron de Silvestre, I have attentively tamined it, and tlie folhjwing is the most essen- i\ portion of its contents. M. Gera, the autlior of tliis letter, informed ;. Aprilis, professor of natural sciences in the yceuni of Udina, that a new Mulberry tree had ;en found, about twelve years since, by M. Mo- etti, in the miilst of a nursery of wild white iull)eriy trees, which had been formed in the mkn, consecrated to the instruction of the pu- is. The extraordinary size of the leaves of this junij tree, attracted the attention of the professor, hn immediately, perceived that they differed iu rm from those of the common mulberry tree. The ea that this was only a deviation of nature, did 3t satisfy the perspicacity of M. Moretti. He ■rceived the great advantage which these leaves, iveral times larger than ordinary offered, aivd (imediately isolated the young tree, and jjaid par- cular attention to its cultivation. The intelligence ' this professor has not been at fault. A few jars have been sufficient to i-Ralize his anticipa- ons. Experience now j)roves that this valuable ce is a new species; for, within nine or ten j 3arf, there have been cultivated at least one hnii- red and twenty thousand plants, all resembling | leir parent ; their leaves having exhibited no al-i Talioii in size, or in the particular qualities rc- jgnised in those of the first wdd tree. M. Geba has given the following description of e tree. 1st. Petiole groved, and about three inches n" ; leaf ovate, sharp |)ointed, entire, cordate at le base; as thin as the leaf of the common wild ulbcrry ; smooth on the under and upper sur- .ces, and especially the latter, which is also of a eautiful, rather deep and shining green. This af is not near so thick as that of the large white ulberrv, which is called in Fraru:e the Jldniirhblc, 1(1 is thinner than those of the Spanish mulberry, Morus nigra L.) It has very few nerves, and is either wrinkled or plaited. It is in general nearly 'iht inches wirmed, the laborers have but little to do in the field, and besides, the cost would be balanced by the supjiression of the practice of pruning. On presenting to the society the letter, which has been the subject of my report, M. le Karon de Silvestre, dejrce of fineness is ba ed upon the de- gree of coinpaiative levity. From Silliman's Journal of Science and Arts. Origin of Coal. — A man in Monongalia coun- ty, Va. in digging a well, [lenetrated a layer of bituminous coal at the depth of 34 feet, and about five feet lower came to another stratum of coal. Between these strata he found a ])iece of wood perfectly sound, except its being a little charred. It is inferred from this that wood buried in the earth is the origin ofcoal beds. Much of the land in the Ohio and Mississippi valley is "made land," to the dejitli of 40 feet or more. A man in Warren county, Ohio, found a pine tree 15 inches in diameter, in a perfectly sound state, forty feet below the surface. It was on high table land, 20 miles from the Ohio river. Foundling Hospitals. — In Catholic countries, numerous asylums have been open for new born children, which are abandoned by their parents. Protestant countries, on tlie contrary, have sup- pressed the greater jiart of these institutions. The consequence is, that illegitimate anrl abandoned children are far more n m ro i> in Catholic th lu in Protestantcounlries. Abo ^i one third of all the births in Paris are illegitimate and more than 5000 children are annually abandoned by their parents and supported in Foundling Hospitals at 230 NKW ENGLAND FA 1131 Ell, Kcl.. 5, 1S30. the expense of the (ilalc. — [I,ct lliiTu l)c no such n:tli, and that the interior is an ocean of fire. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1830. ADVANTAOR OF THOROUGH CULTURE. We understand that the following is the amount of produce raised on a farm of fortyeight acres in the vicinity of the city of Boston, (fortyeight acres excluding building grounds.) 31 tons of English hay. A small lot of Lucerne valued, (cut green for fodder) five dollars. 300 bushels potatoes. 417 " beets. 450 " mangel wurtzel. 886 " or 21 tons carrots. Pasture for 14 cows 9 weeks, (afiermath.) 222J bushels barley. 900 " onions. 100 " parsnips. 1000 cabbages. 600 bushels turnips. 2fi tons squashes. Cash received for vegetables $306,64. .\mount used in a largo victualling concern, $175,00. Celery on lianil, valued at $5. DISEASED SHEEP. Mr Editor — In compliance with the request of your corresi)oiidciit, A. L. II. (vide N. E. V., Jan. 22d) for some advice relative to what he describes as a destructive malady in his flock of sheep. I beg leave to inform hini of the result of my experience and observation for several years, during which my flock has risen from five hundred to near two thousand. I have heard and read much of the diseases of sheep, and have been agreeably disappointed in my own case by discovering no iliseases but the following. Scouring arising from misleady and injudicious feeding; worms in the head, attributed to the fly i niier, j from scanty subsistence at critical periods. Such j as weaning time, change (roni grass to hay, and from hay to grass. No animal requires more me- thodical treatment than the sheep. The great i desideratinn .seems to be, to keep them in as uni- form a condition as possible. Not too warm, or confineil ; neither starved, or surfeiteil. A NEW YORK FARMER. ' Saratoga County, M Y. Feb. 1, 1830. SWEET POTATO. Mr Fessf-nden — I have it in conte:nplation to attempt the raising of sweet potatoes, the ensuing season. I have hitherto foimd it dillicult to pro- cure the slips in the spring, in conseqaence of their liability to rot before the time of planting. Will they not vegetate and grow from the whole potato, which can be obtained at most of our Connecticut markets during the spring months ? If you think the above inquiry worth your no- tice, I wish you would have the goodness to an- swer it in your paper. B. Comicc/t'ciW, Jan. 2.5. 1830. Ke;iark3 by the Editor. — In a valuable paper by the Hon. J. I.,owell, jiublishcd in the New Eng- land Farmer, vol. 1. page 210, that gentleman states that " the slips of the Sweet Potato are nothing more than the small potatoes or roots last thrown ofl' by the plant. — They arc preferred to larger ones, on the several grounds of economy, of food and of room — of their being more easily preserved, and less likely to rot in the ground after they are j>lanted. " The slips should l)e put up for preservation without bruising them, (or as the directions from New Jersey expressed it, they shoidd be handled as carefully as eggs,) in a dry state, in perfectly dry sand or earth, and kept in a dry state, as free as possible from moisture." Wc are assured that the slips of the best sorts of this root, from Edmu.nd DARNEi-t,, of New Jersey, (the gentlemen rccommendey Uufus Howe, 75 Roots Catawba Grape \ iiii*s, \ 3P0 Cuuinss do do do I From Major J. Adium, 75 Cuilings true Bland's pale red, J Georgetown, D. C. ALSO, Isabella Grap r Vines, 1, S, and 3years old. Schuvlkill, or Alexander Muscadel do, 1 and 2 years old. True Uland's Tale Ked do, I and "2 years old. Feb. .-|. 3l Full Blooded Horse for Sale. The celebrated full blooded horse ' Young Eclipse' is for sale. He was four years old last May — is a fine bay, well formed and active. Kclipse is from a Messeni^er More, his grandam from the young Dey of Algiers. 'Phc owner is willing to coinpare him with any horse of his .age that has been raised in the New England States .Many of his colts which have taken premiums at the exhibitions, may be seen in the neighboring towns. The horse may be sewn on application to Edmund Brownell, Esq. Little Comp- ton, R. I. and further information given on application at the New England Farmer office. Little Compton, Jan. 29, 1830. .3t S d Jtj-Tlie Presidents of the following Agricultural Socie- s will each of them find a valuable package addressed hem, at the office of the New England Farmer, which y will please send for, viz. — the Cheshire, N. H. — the ddlesex, Mass. and the Strafford, N. H. To Correspondents. — We are again obliged to de- several favors from our correspondents, amon^ which, an article on the Improved Durham Short Horn Cat- — one on the culture of Indian Corn — and others. — To M. of Berlin, Conn, we recominend Coxe on Fruit ees, and Thacher's American Orchardist, Fessenden's w American Gardener, pages 17 and 244, and to vari- i communications in the back volumes of the New igland Farmer, which can be found by examining the dex. — From the crowded state of our columns, we are liged to decline the insertion of B. W.'s long article ; sides, we do not think the subject sufficiently interest- to the majority of our readers. Real Estate, F'or sale, in the city of Boston, worth about thirtyfive hun- ?d dollars, and in a good situation. A farm, worth about 15 1600 dollars, would be taken in part pay; il would be pre- tuated 15 or 20 miles from the city, in a north-wpst- ydirection. A credit would be given for the balance. The ate will pay good interest. Inquire at this olhce, post paid. Feb 5. 3l Bull n'antcd, !)f the Improved Durham short horned breed, one or two irsold. Any person having a bull of the above, or some er improved breed, may find a purchaser, by addressing a 3 to the subscriber at .'r^nulhbridge. Mass. giving a particular icription of his age, breed, fiAor, size, form, and temper, lo- her with the price. EBENEZER D. AMMIDOWN. Feb. 5. 3t Culture of Silk. lust received and forsale at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, North Market street. Jirections for the rearing of Silk Worms and the Culture of White Mulberry tree ; published by the Pennsylvania So- ty associated for these objects. Price 2.5 cents. Also, The .\viary.or Bird Breeder's Companion ; contain- ( copious ilireclions for propagating the breed of Canaries, 0 Goldfinch and Liiniel Mules, Java >^parro«s, and various nerican birds ; the best method of feeling birds in general ; 1 German method of learning birds to sing select tunes; a! II as practical recipes for the cure of the disorders to whicl y are liable, &c,&c. Second Eilition. Price 60 cents.— A I' copies of the first edition, smaller, 25 cents. Feb. 5. If Seeds for Hot Beds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer office, No. 52, North Market. street, a fine collection of seeds, both of American and European growth, for forc- ing in hot beds, among which are the Early Frame and fine Long Green 'Turkey Cticumber, and other varieties — Early Curled Silesia and Early Tennis-ball Head Lettuce — fine Early Cauliflower (from Hollandl— Green Citron, Pine-apple; and other Metems — the ^/7/e Early Short top Scarlet and Turnip rooted Radishes — Early York. Early Dutch, Early Emperor, Early Sugar loaf, and"Earlj; Battersea Cabbages.— kho, Ear- ly Turnip Blood Beet, and Early Horn Carrot, (a peculiarly delicate sort for the table) — and every other variety of Kitchen Garden Vegetable Seeds, cultivated in the United Stales. Jan. 29. If Sugar Bett, Sfc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North .Market-street, 100 pounds prime French Sugar Beet .Seed, raised expressly for this estahlishiTieni, by John Prince. Esq o( Roxbury, from seed originally received by him from Paris. Tije excellence of this root f(»r cows, in improving their milk, and for lattening oxen, sheep, and other kinds of stock is well known — it is also a fine root for Ihe table when drawn young and tender. It keeps later and belter in the spring than Mangel Wurtzel. Also, a mt>=l extensive collection and variety of Gar Jen, Field and Flower .Seeds, Peas, Beans, &c, both of European and Ame- rican growth, comprising the greatest variety to be found in New England. Country dealers supplied on the most libera! terms, either with well assorted boxes for retail — or by the pound or bushel. Jan. 29. tf Valuable Real Estate. For sale, 370 acres of land in the town of Bradford, Mass, called the Elwell Farm, lying on Meriimack river, and on the post road from Haverhill to Salem and Newburyport, one mile from Haverhill bridge, and which would be sold in divisions to suit purchasers, having several houses, barns, and out ho thereon, lo accommodate five or more farms, as naight be wanted. Said land consists of mowing, tillage, and orcharding excelled by none in the county of Essex, and has an island d rectly opposite containing 50 acres, well situated for the keep- ing of sheep, or cultivation of grapes. Also, about 70 acres of salt mearlow. Fur terms, which would be made easy, please apply at the Merrimack Bank in Haverhill, or, of Messrs J. & H. J. Ho me. chanis, in Boston. 7t » Haverhill, Ms. Jan. 8, 1830. For Sale, At Charlestown Vii;pyard, Eden-street, south side of Bun- ker's hill, a lull collection of the finest kind of green house plants, comprising 30 varieties of camellia japonica, 100 kinds of the finest geraniums, about 20 varieties of the finest China roses, many of wliichare entirely new, 5 varieties of Paeonia Arburia, a quantity of white and pink Primula Sinensis, with a great number of other plants of (he most rare and valuable kinds. The above collection consists cf such plants as are hardy, and suitable for parlors ; many of thein have recently been se- lected from the first establishments in England and Scotland, by a person who had previously resided for several years in the neighborhood of Boston. He has be.^n particular in procuring such plants as will meet the taste of the Boston public, and be suitable to the climate. They have arrived within the last month, and are in fine order, having been under the immediate care of the individual who selected them on their passage across the Atlantic. The above will be sold at the green house, at reasonable prices, and warratftted for the kinds sjiecified on sale. A con- stant supply ofcamellia flowers and bouquets for sale as abnve. Jan. 22. 3l DAVID HAGGERSTON. JVeiv England Farmer, complete. For sale at the office of the New England Farmer, 52, North Markel-.street, A complete set of the N. E. Farmer, in seven volumes, fi-om its commencement, Aug. 3, 1822 ; being the only copy that is known to be for sale. 'X'he character of this work is too well known to require comment — comprising the official accounts of the principal Cattle Shows in New England ; Reports of Coinmittecs;immerous valuable essays on agriculture, garden- ing, orcharding, domestic economv, &c. &c. by various agri- culturists in New England, and the iMiddle Slates— forming in itself a useful library for the Farmer : neatly half bound and lettered, and in very fine order, at 53,75 per volume. If Jan. 22, 1830. Black Currant Wine. or sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market- street, A lew dozen bottles of superior old Black Currant "Wine, made by a gentleman in iliis vicinity ; an account of its astrin- gent and detergent properties in various complaints, ami par- ticularly the Sore Throat will be found in die New England Farmer, vol. V. page 2(i7, written by Samuel W. Pomerot, Esq. and the late Doct. John G. Coekin. Price 75 cts. per bottle, — also, a few bottles of old White Dutch Currant Wine, price 50 cents per bottle. tt Jan. 15. Gleditschia triacanthos Seed. F<-r sale at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- land Farmer, 52, North Market-street, A few pounds of fresh seed of the genuine ^7cdi/sc/iia(n'ocan- thos, or three Iborned Acacia, for live fences. This is the sort recommended by Judge HuEL, (in the New England Farmer for Dec. 11, page 164,) who has several thousan't plants grow- ing, as Ihe best plant that can be cultivated in this couniiy for hedges; of very rapid growth, long and abundant thorns, and of hard and strong wood. tf Jan. 8. PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. FROM Td APPLES, best. barrel. 1 75 2 25 ASHES, pot, fir.al sort. Pearl, first sort, . . - ton. 130 00 135 GO *' 14^ 00 150 00 BEANS, while, bushel. 75 1 00 BEEF, mess. barrel. 9 25 9 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 7 75 8 00 Cargo, No. 2, " 6 75 7 00 BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. pound. 12 14 CHEE.SE, new milk, - " 6 8 Skimmed milk, - " 2 3 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 60 5 75 Genesee, - " .5 75 6 00 ftye, best, - . . . " 3 62 3 87 GRAIN, Corn, .... bnshel. 62 63 Kve, . - *' 75 78 Barley, - " 62 Oals, .... " 40 42 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, cwt. 8 00 8 60 LIME. cask. 85 90 I'LAISTER PARIS retails at ton. 4 00 PORK, clear. barrel. 15 00 16 CO Navy, mess. " 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, - - " 12 50 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - bushel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, " 3 00 Fowl ftleadow, ... 't 3 00 Rye Grass, . - " 4 00 Tall Meadow Oats Gra.ss, - " 3 00 Red Top .... " 62 1 00 Lucerne, .... pound. 38 60 White Honeysuckle Clover, " 33 .60 Red Clover, (northern) " 7 8 French Sugar Beet, . " 1 50 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . " 40 43 Merino, full blood, unwashed. " 25 30 Mer.no, three fourths washed, " 32 3.5 Merino, half blood. '1 30 33 Merino, quarter washed, ti 28 30 Nalive, washed, - II 28 30 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, . 11 40 Pulled, Lamb's, second son. " 28 31 Pulled, " spinning, first sort " 33 36 PUOVISION MARKET. CORRECTEn EVERY WEEK T.Y MR HAVWARD, fCterk nf Faneuil-hatl Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL. - .MUTTON, .... POULTRY. .... BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS. MEAL, Rye, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, [according In quality,] pound 8 7 4 II 3 II 6 II 15 dozen. 16 bushel. II 33 barrel. 2 00 17 23 19 70 70 4fl 3 CO 232 NEW EiNGLANJ) FARM Ell. Felj. .-., 1830. M I S C E L L A i\ I i: S. Wc have been induced to make an otceplion to our ge- neral rule not to insert obituary nouccs in ttic New Eng- land Farmer, from friendship to (he relatives of the de- ceased, and a wi»b to give publicity lo cITusions of a personal friend of her, whose virtues lliey commemorate. Died, at Rull.md, Vl. on the last dny of 1829, Miss Sarah Hooickb, daughter of Dr Thomas Hooker, in the 23d year of her age. To her numerous and re- specteil friends no one may write her eulogy. She was above the reach of common panegyric; — jinl if, among her acquuinl.mcc, some one should dare to p;iint her to those who had not seen the original, the likeness will be censured, as loo peifcct for humanity. All should rejoice that she had lived ; — none should lament that she has more happiness than the condition of apostate earth could have given to her. So cisl from Ilcrnion's sacied mount, had come The holy dew :— on Sharon's rose, stood bright In vernal suns, one precious, hallow'd drop. The pa.sshig pilgrim marvel'd aught so pure On earth could be. It drank a beam from heaven, .\nd upward went, to shine in endless day. Boston, January, 1830. Abstracts from Silliman's " Journal of Scittice and Arts," for January, 1830. — By the Editor of the Hampshire Gazdte. Origin of springs and fountains. — Gnorge W. Long uililuces facts I'roni wliich he tliinks it may be (leinonstrati;.! tliut siiiiiigs flowing on the siJes of liills, nnd in ilcep places aiiU wuUs receive their water frotii the condeii.sation of vapor ex- haled under tiie surface and not from rains. The licavicst raina seldom penetrate iriore than a few inches, especially en tlie sides of hills where springs are llic most numerous. Springs that have their sources near tlie surface fail in periods of drouglil, because the vapor escapes through the ilry earth into the attuosplicre. Rains or a moist atmosphere hy moistening the ground, form an impediment to the escape of the vapor. Thi-re is a great amount of exhalation in the form of vapor, eonstnntly going on from the interior of the earth towards its surface ; strata of rocks and various kinds of earth oppose the escape of this vapor and convert it into water which falls into cavities or saturates the earth underneath aiul gives a supply for springs. The origiti of tlie subtcrrntieau water which affords the exhalation is not ex|)lained. The cilitor suggests that it may be dcrivcil, not directly but idtirnatcly from rains and waters u|)on the surface, whicli sink into the earth, nnd are distributed through the interior, or there may be some great subterranean re.servoirs of water. He does not doubt the formation of vapor, and its condensation into water in the earth Mechanics. — Zachariah .\llcn has published at Providcncr, " The Science of Mechanics, adapted as a Alanunl for .Mechanics and Manufacturers." Thi.s book may save the expense of many usclcs- and abortive experinuints. An immense amount of property has been sijuandercd in unavailing ex- periment.'', and in the construction of mills and machinery, frotii the want of u theoretical kiiow- leilge of mcelianieal powers, and a practical know- ledge of their application. This work treats of gravitation, cohesion, friction, heat, motion, hy- drodynamics, water wheels, pneumatics, wintl- mills, elements of mnrhinery, wheel work, &c. In regard to heating rooms, Mr Allen calculates that it costs ten times as much for fuel to pro- duce an eiiual degree of heat in an apartment by means of ordinary open fire places, us hy close Btoves, with long pipes ; and that an open Frank- lin stove retpiires nearly tlinre times the e\pci)se for fuel as a close stove with lung pi|;cB. The motion of overriioi water wheels is some- limes seriously obstructed by the quantity of back water sucked up by the ascending; bucket, when it first leaves the water. l)r Itigelow says this dilliculiy may be remedied by ituikinga few small hides near the base^of the bucket, conuiumiealing with the next bucket. The air will enter through these boll's, and prevent the suction ; the water which escapes through the holes otjly llows from one bucket to the next, and its effect is inconsid- erable, when compared with the advantage gained. Cause of morning fog over rivers. — A fog is formed whenever watery vapor arising from the earth meets with coliler air, which condenses it. A river does not become sensibly colder during the night than it was the preceding day, but the air over the land becomes a nundior of degrees colder, and the vapor from the river, which is nearly as nuich hy night as by day, coming into contact with colder air, is condensed into fog. Malaria, or bad air. — The Journal has a long article to show that fever nnd ague, intermitting and rcmilling f'ivers, and sotnc other diseases, re- sidt from those poisonous exhalations, which arise from marshes, morasses, ponds, canals, swamps, wet pastures and meadows, bogs, newly cleared lands, neglected gardens nnd ruins, and inundated plantations. Juicy weeds and aquatic plants in a state of decay yield more of these noxious efflu- via than other vegetables. To subdue the causes of malaria, it is recommended to drain or fill up wet groumls, and to prevent t!ic collection of pools and standing water where vegetation flourishes. Next in importance, are cleanliness and ventila- tion. Fire and smoke have been found of great utility. In the low coinitries of Carolina, emi- grants, teamsters, &c, find no injury from sleeping in the oi)en air, because they build a large fire of logs, and lay themselves beside it. Burying grounds. — .\ writer in the Jonrnnl disapproves the custom of burying iinder eluirches. The momiments raised over the dead in churches cherish pride instead of humility. " Make not your church a show house, is a lesson which can- not be too strongly inculcated." The New Kiig- land custom of having one burying ground com- iTion to all denominations, is the best, and is every year becoming more prevalent throughout the United States. There is no reason why wc should carry our distinctive religious characters to the grave, where speculations and forms can no longer profit us. Diamonds. — The mines of Brazil furnish annu- ally from S-l to 30,000 carats, (a carat is four grains) or from 10 to 13 pouiuls of rough dia- moiuls. The expense of explontig the mines is about seven ilollars per carat. If a slave finds a diamond of more than 70 grains, ho obtains his freedom. A rough diamond weighing one carat sells liir $0 ; two carats 830 ; four carats 8111 ; eight carats 8.')7G ; sixteen carats S230-J, &:c. A cut diamond, weighing sixteen cnral.s, if the form and color jdeasp, is worth 8!)'216. The culling of diamonds is effected by means of diamoiul pow- der on a horizontal wheel of soft steel. The dia- mond consists of pure crystallized carbon, or pure charcoal. JValiiral Gas.— The village of Frcdonia, N. Y. about 10 miles from Buffalo, and two from I.nke F.rie, is lighted by natural gas. The innainmable iias ascends through a hole in the fetid limestuni rock, and is conveyed by pipes through the w village ; 100 ligliLs arc fed from it at an cxpens of one dollar and City cents yearly for each. Th gas is supposed to come from beds of bituminou coal. Humboldt. — This celebrated traveller has mad a scientific tour in Siberia. He pushed his n searches to the outposts of China, and visited th Chinese commaiidanl, who was scaled in his tei dressed in silks, with a long peacock's feather in li cap ; for a bit of red velvet he sold Humboldt a liii lorical work in Chinese. The traveller explored th Ural mountains, and the nnnes of platina, gol< &:c. The gold is found in the sands, a little 1" low the surface ; lumps of IS and 20 |iouuds .-i sometimes obtained. 3"" Tomato .Mustard and Ketchup. For Bale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Nofl Marke: street, Tomato Mustard, on excellent article i-^ beef steaks, roast meats, &c. made in the best manut ^ by a person regularly educated at the buainesn in Kuro| — -price ijO cents per bottle — al.so. Tomato Ketchup, pi pared by the same person. In diHerent sized botllea- pricos So, or 33 cents per bottle. Oct. IC. Powder at 2s per lb. DL'PONT'S POWDER, quality warranicd, for tale Ct'P'-t'iTul's Ammutiilinn Store, (ja Hroad si, al retail. A SHOT, CAPS. &c. o( the tfil qualily—rhrsp for rash. Green House Plants and Flotcers. The sutiscnber. gnrdrncr to J. Pni.vti;, llx]. al Jamai Plaias. Kitxbury. has for sale a large varieiy of plants, (amo ihem iU varieties of Camellia Japonica from S* '" S^ '^■'"^ also flowers for liouqueis; and in llie proper seaw.n, a var»i nf iiardv shrubs, plants, and Iruit trees ; also, a iiuaniiiy nl B for borders, al reasonable prices. EDWARD SAVER. Jamaica Plains, Jan. 15, 1831). 4( Fine Stud Horse For Sale. A beautiful dark bay s;ud. half blood of the English draa| horse, fifieen and a h.ilf hands liiph. sirong nud xrllfonm eight ^ears old the ensuing spring, is offered for sale. He is sure fual gelier, fine figure, Icind in any harness, and cam fail lo give satisfaclinn. fits sloek has proved exeetlent. a ^ have sold al SoO. al 'wir innnilis old. Apply (posi paid) J. B. Ri;SSELL, Publisher of iHe Xcw Englaud Farmer. eop4l Jan. Id n i Hemp Seed. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Kcw Engia farmer, SC, North Mai kei Sireei, A few bushels of prime lleinjj Seed, for sowing, gronib 1829, (raised wliollv t'rom the celebrated \'ergeniies seed, vsli cost jo per bushel.) ll is a small loi of unccminon^ S iiualily, and farmers who are turning their nlteiition lo ihe o lure of liiis profiial>Ie planl.ean secure excellcni seey J. II. Rcfsu at the Agricultural Warehouse Ko. .52 North »lnlk^^:^Ul AorSTS. ;Vw y.'rk—C. TiioKUUits A Sox . 1^7 1,ih<-rly-«ireet. Pkiladelphiit-\t. (i C l.jMinKTii. 1!S rhe>iuui-»ireel. rtuftimorr— G. IV Smith. Olhee of the American Farmer >tf»imt/— Hon. Jr,«si: Iti'KI., .. „ ^ . fliuhiti', Pi 1'. Wm PniHCK &Solit, Pmp. Lin. Dot. Garcdia, 'comprehends an amazing immbcr of the larger and innst beautiful of the releoplerous [wing- cased] insects. In the larva state, they resemble soft, oblong, clendcr worms, with a shelly head, furnished with strong jaws, ami six feet on the an- terior part. They live principally in trees, the in- ner part of which lliey bore through, reducing llie wood lo powder, and undergo their changes fi-jui the larva to the pupu, and thence to the per- fect state 111 the cavities uhich they bore." It should seem then that the borer isinlroduccd into the tree while yet an egg, u:id 10 hear their remarks. A SUBSCRIBER Leeds, .V. Y. Feb. 6, 1830. CULTIVATION OF EXOTIC PLANTS. [ Conrtudtd from pafe 'XK. ] BULBOis gkee.n house plasts. Autholyzn a-lhiopica. 3 May, June, orange. C. Good Hop*- it' 1759. These are humble plants with very beauiifu flowers, pi'ciiliarly adapted fur pots and for chain bcr decorations in spring. Cyclamen hcdcra-follum. ^. April, white. .Aiifitria. 15!N>. persicum. 4 ^'eb. April. criiiiHon. Cypres.*. 17:!I Lacbenalia ansuslifolia. 1. .\pril, May. white. Cape. MM Gladiolus watsuniu!.. 1. Feb. .\pril. cria.»on. Cape. ITHI. angii'ilu.s. 2. May, June, lisjbi yellow. Cjpc 1751. blandus. j. June. li(;hl flesh. Capo. 1774. byzantinus. 2. June, July. criuiM>a. Turkey 1629. campanulatuH. J. May. liitbt purple. Cape I7P4 carncus. 2. May, Jviiie. llesh. Cape. 17!»(i. oaiiiaqnenM". J. May, June, orange. Cape. ISiHI versicolor. 1|. Miy. June, brown. Cape. ITi'l uiiilulatus. 1. Apiil, May. pink. Cape. 1760. eartlinalis. 2. July, .\ug. licb »earlel. Cape, n."*!* Ixia auliea. 2 .April, May. pink. Cape. 1771. flcxuosa. 2. April, May. pink. 1757. l.VIil— Ni ANO HORTICULTURAL JOUllNAL. 235 iiii^ ist of tlic species of iridese are extremely ilul, nnil as tliey nvj generally very easily alcd, lliey liavo become iiniveisal favorites rdcns. They are sword-leavcd plants, with lilt but transient flowers. Tlie Hon. W. erf, wlu) lias jicrliaps paid more attention to uUivation of bulbs than any other individual I Europe, is "persuaded that the African gladioli become fjreat fiivorites with florists, when beauty in the open border, the facility of leir culture, and the endless variety which may B produced from seed by blending the several jecies, are fully known ; nor will ihey be found I yield in beauty to the tulip and ranuncidns." l^liere it is intended to raise new varieties, the ;ed should be sown in the spring, in a bed of eat and sand, and well watered before and after ley come up. About the middle of October, or soon as the leaves wither, the young bulbs Tis;ricli. ;invoni "0'"*» to eat, and follow their -'' """ '''ey "re small but beautiful, am power of sustaining fatigue. They must be hardy too, may learn a lesson of wisdom and humanity r,?.'",'"'''"^''' ''"'' •'"■"' ^i'^'"^ """' '*l''''''- 1'''"»« " for another rea.son. The Tartars live much on ' from his words. jt inland he describes as yet smaller, not mor the flesh of horses, and, conse.iuently, those oni- | "There is no creature so gentle as a Turkish '"'"" l,''"'^"' ''"'"'^ '"«''• •«^^»'"'f""y formed, an. mals that are unable to support the labor of their | horse, nor more respectful to his master, or the '''"'^' ,■ ,^''^ ix-'asants take tlieni from the fo frequent rapid emigrations are soon destroyed, j groom that dresses him. The reason is, because 7'"'* "'"^'"''^y "'" ^*a'"«^''' for travellers. Al aii.l only the more vigorous preserved. they treat their horses with great lenity. I my- "'°"S'l "I'l'^renlly wild, tliey are under porfec The horses which range at large over the plains self saw, when I was in Pontus, passing "through a ''""^'°\ "'"J .['"^-V "■°' "'»"« » ith ease at the rat. arc divided into herds, at the head of which are part of Hiihinia calle.l A.xilo^ towar.ls Cappado- "'^ "*'^'*"' ""''''' "" ''""'■•" ])laced two stallions, who carefully prevent them cia, how inilidgent the countrymen were to young from intermingling with each other, and it is rarely ] colts, and how kin.lly they used them soon after they that a foal is lo*t The following story is told of one of the .\'or wtf^an horses. His master had been diniig ; . ^ neighboring town, and, when it was time to rctiiri )rmg 1, , , , , , herd, and arc seen straggling about at "a distance, ; which ihcy are mo.st afrai.l of The" grooms that "!'''*" ^"^''' ''"^ PPi^a'" "as thrown, and bun, untilthey are strong enough to form herds of wild I dress them arc as indul-ent as their masters-'""'' "'""' f'-ot enlangle.l m the stirmp. Th mares for themselves. they frequently sleek them .lown with their hands,' I""""" .'"""«',' '""''y ^'^PPC.!, and twisting his bo.l. These horses, or those of a similar breed and and never use a cudgel to ban- their side= but ir! '" ^'"■"'"^ directions, endeavore.I to extricate hi habits, were beaten by not the first rate English cases of neccs-ity.^ This makes their ' horses I "'"•'"'""''""'" ^'*"'" The man was severely hun blood horses, in a race which fairly put to the test ! great lovers of mankin.l ; and they are so far from' "'"' "'"'"*" ''^'P''^'^'' = l^'" ''"^ '*''o<^k ha.l brough both their speed and stoutness. On the 4tli of , kick!"" ^1.,^;,,., ^.. , ;.,„ ". i.i„ ,... .i.:. ''H" 'o '"-"^ senses. The horse looked at bun as h ting, wincing, or gn iintractable by thi.s August, 1825, a race of the cruel distance of more i gentle^lsage, that you will^hardlv find a master- ' '">' *■" '''" P'"°"'"'' •-""'• '"""Pi-'g. 'a''' liol i,..,.o. .. i • .. • •.• " ■ ' .i ■ ""bt ol gralilude to his intelligent and liiithfu luneu iiy jii.iiu, iu.ii iin v i>t;iii imupm iiiaii a tiieir Knees, and m this iiosition receive their ri- , , , .. . ■ . , mile and up a steep bill, before they could be ' ders. servant, who has taken care ol him when he wa |,p|,i in 1 I, Ti „.. -n . 1 a- II .1 luiable to take care of himself, and, iiossiblv, ha ■"-"' '"• I " They will take up a staff or club upon the j i ■ i ,- i , • \ , '. , Half the ilislnnce was run in nii limir nii.l rom- _ i -.. .i ■ . i ■■ i ■ • -i i , <• n lircserven his lile. Let hun repay the debt b' iidii iiiu iiisiani.e «as i im in an noiir ana loui roa.l with their teeth, which tlieir rider has let fall, ' , ' •' minutes. Both the English horses were then j nnd hold it np to him ngnin ; and when they nrej "''='-'■ fresh, and one of the Cossacks. On their return, | perfect in this lesson, then, for credit, they "have ' "^'"^ ICELAND horse. Mina fell lame, and was taken away. The Cos- j rings of silver hung on their nostrils as a badije of sack horse, likewise, began to flag, when the ae- l,„„or an. 1 go,>.l .liseipline. i saw some horses compnnying Russians began to .Irag him on by „.|ien their master was fillen from the sa.l.ll There are niiineroiis troops of horses in thi cold and inhospitable country, descendod, acrorti' 4rt* iiig to .Mr .Vudersoii, from the Norwegian the bridle, throwing away the sn.lill.', and putling j stand .mock still without wa-'gin" a foot till he got,'""' ""■'"•'i"*! '•' ^^r llorrebow, being of Scottii ameieehihl on hisbnek. Sharper, likewise, evi- „,, „.„i„. Another time I snw'a trroom stan.ling " ""' " " "'" ' "' denlly shewed the efh.cti ol the pace at which he I „, „ distance in the midst of a whole ring of hor- hnd gone when running away, nn.l was much dis- I „,.,,a,„|^ „, ,|,e w..r,l of comnmn.l, thev would tressed. The Cossacks then had recourse to foul either go round or stand still Once I saw some '"'^ ">i"f.'l>t them to scrape nway the snow, o origin, riiey aro very small, strong, and swifl Then' are thousands of them in the mountaini • which never enter a stable, but instinct or liabi play, an.l aeiually r„rrie,l on their horse; Home [ |,„,.ses, when their master was at dinner with m. •'•■•■'f''«'">-' ' '" ''>' " '""I"'- "'"' •'"' '"''"" '" ''i-'in an upper room, prick up their ears to hear hi: head ; and others pulling him on by the tail, and ' vi riding alongside of his qiiarlers to support him, j,, nnd r-li.'viiig encli other at this fatiguing %vork. Sharper .lid the whole distance in two hours and '^"'- "K""*^ hobsf. fortyeight iiiinules, and the Cissiiek horse was The German horses aro generally largo, heavy, warped ill, eiu'ht minutes al>er l.iin. .At starling, | "'"' "'""'• The Hungarian may be an excepliot break the ice, in search of their scanty fund. / few are usually kept in the stable, but when ihi n thev did so they neighed for I""""""' "■"•"■' """"''• '"^ *■""■'•••" '"* """'>' "" ■" needs, and shoes llietn hiinsell, and that somei I times with a sheep's horn the English hors.H carrie.l full thr. stone more | bei *M. lie ItiitVon stmiiG^cly nlfirins. that tho Mussapi am HungariaiH slit the iioslrils of iheir horses with n view to incri'ii'te li.eir wiinl, nml lo prt*\t'nl their nfii*hii g :< liter, speedier, an.l giving greater proof of, an.l lli.ii lluiiuariun. C'ro.iiian, nml Polish horses ronliniie' to old age lo have the mark In all Ihrir forc-teolh. iTol. VIII.— No. 30. AND HORTICITLTUllAL JOURNAL. 237 RTICULTURAL INSTITUTE OFFROMONT. [r Fessenden— Whenit is fully understood, wlat able exertions have been made in Europe to extend science, and pjrfect the art of Horticulture, it is con- ntly anticipated, that the citizens of the United States not linger in the rear of this age of general improve- t ; they will present examples of generous patronage, evince a zeal for the encouragement and extension of .1 economy, which shall be in some degree, commen- te with the vast extent of their country, and the great ety of its soil and climate. is only twentyfour years since the London Horticul- I Society was established, and there arc novf nearly similar institutions, in the Island of Great Britain. first to commence in the career of cultivation, Eng- still maintains her distinguished position in the ad- e. Her fruit and floral nurseries supply the gardens conservatories of the continent, with some of their valuable and splendid ornaments, ranee is rushing onward in the same honorable course, that energy and intelligence, which triumphs over mpediments. In the various provinces where Horti- jral Societies have not been established, those of Ag- Iture, of the Sciences or Arts, have created a depart- t expressly devoted to that interesling pursuit ; and ng the last summer, a Practical and Theoretical School founded at Fromont, by the illustrious Chevalier Sou- GK BoDiN, for the improvement of the various iches of Gardening. ooking forward, with cheering hopes, to the period, n our distinguished, intelligent, and wealthy fellow ens, aided by the munificent patronage of the govern- t, will emulate this magnificent example, I have he- ;d that the character, plan, and object of the School 'romont, would be interesting and instructive, and 3se the account which has been given of it in the alesde laSocietie D'Horticulture de Paris. is impossible that we should long remain destitute of advantages of a Garden of Experiment, at least ; and either the national, or state governments will extend ■ protection over such important, — such indispensable tutions, the people will come forward with individual ■ality, and place themselves on an equality with the ects of the eastern continent, by the liberal endow- it of seminaries, for the promotion of this, and every r branch of science, the arts, and literature, Massa- letts has thus far stood preeminent, for her numerous iges, academies, schools, and societies of instruction. will hasten to gather fresh laurels in the boundless of intelligence. Very respectfully, Your most obedient servant. rinley Place, > H. A. S. DEARBORN. Tan. 25, 1830. $ EXTRACT NO. III. ■iicultural Inslitnte of Fromont, in Ris, Dtpnrt- xtnt of Seine-et-Oise, under the direction of If. Le Chevalier Soulange Bodin. is worthy of remark, that tlie inost simple I of industry, and the rudest occupations, are jected, by public opinion, to the necessity of an renticeship of longer or shorter duration ; and nts, who destine llieir sons to the practice of se arts and occupations, consider themselves ged to dispense with their labor for several rs, and even to pay an annual sum for their ruction ; and yet, what is the information oh it is requisite they should acquire ? — what and complicated studies have they to pursue ? repeat, some details of practice, and the use few tools, for which, it is thought they do not pay too dear, by lo.-;iii^ the tiiue of the young men, for tlnee or four years. And the gardener, who, to merit a ci.tuin degree of confidence, should acquire theoretical information on the physical, chemical, and natm-al sciences ; — the gar- dener, who becomes a really useless agent, when his labors are not guided by rational practice ; — the gardener, wlio should take counsel of his intelli- gence, and of circiunstances, which vary accord- ing to place and time, and the olijects to which he applies his industry ;— the ganlener, we say, is generally, in France, left to his own education ; while it is indispensable that he should derive, from the instructions of an able master, elemen- tary ideas on botany, vegetable physiology, on physics and chemistry, on mechanics, geometry, and more especially, on the cidture, multiplication, support and conservation of all kinds of vegeta- bles, which constitute the domain of Hortictdture, he does not receive even that degree of instruc- tion which an apprenticeship gives to the work- man, in the most simple meclianical profession. For, what are the greater part of our journeymen gardeners ? men who labor, sow, plant, water, and successively prune, graft, &c ; — this is all, nnd it may be said. Without knowing what they do, or why, — imitating in all these operations tlie master gardeners, who, \'t[ie them, having received the same instruction, for the saine work, have ex- ecuted it ill the same manner, and without ever applying to it a single reflection. We know, that in tlie capital and its environs, there are a consid- erable number of honorable exceptions ; distin- guisherepare and issue a monthly publication, called the " Annales de I'ln- EtitiJt Horticole de Fromont," devoted to the illus- tration of the studies pursued in the establishment, and to whatever is interesting and instructive in botany or gardening. H. A. S. D. COFFEE. There are probably many house-keepers who will he interested in the following simple rules for the preparation of an important item of do- mestic luxury. It is somewhat remarkable that an infusion which may be made with great ease, and in a very short space of time, is, in many fa- milies, the cause of more vexation and complaint than all the other i)elty annoyances of the house- hold put together. The suggestions below, which we copy from the Virginia Literary Musemn, may he the means of soothing the diurnal irritation of many an unquiet spirit. — Boston Daily Mverliser. 238 NKVV FiNGT.AM) I AUMFR, Fcl). 12, 1S30. "'-' onii'isitp lliesc to llieliiwer ^eel,•it8 exliaustiiig propenii.'s are more to' :. .„rs Rum iMiuresu; anil Mill.T eve. goes | ni. i.nmonsc inlana distanro, gradually approach son to I.elievc that it ohta.ns hut httle carht n as to state, that a'fexv hags of pepper, on f the Atlantic, and terminate near one hundrc.l acid till al\er it >s spread over the so.l, for mo. .Z n ship from India, upon o,.e occasion, spoil- M.iles nigher Boston than any other seaport, more : « dl rerr,au, a long tune m hulk before .t beco, bccoij''" l)oard a ship ' ' ' '" ' ~ " ed the whole cargo. ^ than lilty nnies nigiier nosion m.ui i\fu„y „ ,u : .. .," — ... j- •2d. When the grains are large, flat, and of a' Lake Erie, hy the Erie Canal. This road will be | Lime is either quick lime, or caustic, liiii gree situation Inilia planter know n color they should he kept on hand, in a dry , the great highway to Europe four or five months ^ ,ni|;l hmc, sometimes called eflete lime. \V itioii a' Ion" time before ii.-e. Every West 1 in the year for all the boundless country, the two I first huml it has a corrosive jiroperty, and spct 3 this fact although his interest I Canadas, as Boston can he reached more than one I decomposes or destroys the organization of vt BY THE EPITOn. I will first draw a line of distinction between too often induces him to .send the article to mar- j hundred miles nigher than any other seaport. ket before it is old and dry enough. | ^ - '" 3d. Roasting cortec is by far the most difficult | MANURES operation of the housekeeper ; when carried far enough, an aromatic oil is formed hy the heat and those manures which actually enrich the .soil, and forces itself out upon the surface of the grains, those that merely e.xcitc fertility without produ- giving them a glossy appearance, and an odor ciug that effect. which is considered their perfection ; yet too little ^n .-mimal and vegetable siibstancea enrich the roaslin" prevents the aroma from appearing, and go,). No other substances are known to effect too much completely volatilizes it, leaving nothing j this invaluable purpose. but a flat, bitter taste. The beat should be strong Mechanical manures, such as clay, sand, gravel, and the operation shortened as much as possible, .^^^ ^^.j^p^, properly applied, promote vegetation without burning the grains. The roaster should ,,y „iten„g ,hc te.vlure of the soil, and do not be close or well covered all the time, and, in order' to improve the looks and flavor, a small jiiece of injure the enriching substances found in it. The manures which arc generally termed sti- butter may be added 10 the coffee, while parching. I ^i^j|jj^j,j„^ ^l^p promote vegetation, but in doing •1th. When thus prejiared, coffee may be pre- 1 jj^j^ ,,|pj, g,(j|a„st the soil ; hence it is that the fer- crved for use in large quantities, without losing much of its freshncs?, provided the vessels con- table or animal fibre. After lime, recently bu has been exposed some time to the air, it alisc carhoiiic acid gas, or fixed air, and becomes r lime, and its qualities ami properties are, in e\ particular, like those of pulverized chaik or 11 stone, whifh has never been burnt. When lime, which has recently been buriil exposed to the air, it soon fulls into powder : it is then calleil slakcil, and sometimes air-sla lime. The .same effect is speedily proiluced pouring water upon it, when it heats violei and the water disappears. Slake I lime is merely a combination of li with about two thirds of its weight of water : fifty five parts of lime absorb seventeen jiait water ; and in this ca.^e it is composed of a i nite proportion of water, and is what is callei cheiniBts hydrate of limt ; and when hydrati me becomes carbonate of lime by long expos taining it, he kept well covered. and the best coffee I remember to have lastci was made by exposing the powder to a pressure j of colli water ; a teaspoonful of this extract, thrown ! into a cup of hot water, is sutVicient. It is not a hy adding hot water. Just in proportion to the continuance of heat in this and I he last operation, tilizing powers of lime and gypsum will cease to act when tliev no longer" find a sufficiency of ani- ... n i j .i i , •; , " . , 1 . " ito the a r, the water is expelled, and the curb ^ , . mal or vegetable matter in the sod to act upon, '"'"*- ""'' . ' ' .5th. An infusion of coffee is better than a de- j ■^^ resume their action as soon as either of »''"' P"** "''^^ Us place 1. ,!,„.>.., >oo til,, limt ill the Inst cisp , • .■ i i i- i When lime, whether freshly burnt or s a coction, simply because the neat, 111 tne last case, I .||||, j,„„,.pg iijjj, i,ge„ ap.,i,p,) ..ncu inu , . hein£r«lion.er and more lasting, drives off more _ , „ , ,■ , ,, , is mixed with any moist fibrous vegetable ma being suon^tr ami more _ t> _ _ , It seems to be generally believed that_ gypsum | ^1^^^^ .^ ^ ^,^^,^„ ^^,,-„„ l,p,^^,,g„ the lime and vegetable matter, and they form a kind of c post together, of which a part is usually sol in water. By this kind of opj-ration, lime renders mi which was before comparatively inert, nutrit and as charcoal and oxygen abound in all v table matters, it becomes at the same lime con- ed into carbonate of lime.t Mr Evelyn advised to the mixture of lime turf in alternate layers, to lie in heaps for inon in which lime it will become so rich and me as to run like ashes. Me thought it would n ish the soil more than if useil alone in a grc quantity, and without any danger of exhaiit the soil. r>r Deane advised to mix lime wi large proportion of clay, or with mud from bottom of ponds or rivers, and says it might i be applied even to sandy or gravelly soi' great advantage. The w riter of .'J Trealise on Soils and .Vmn appended to the riiihulelphia edition of Ih .'i^ricullural Chrmistry, observes that quick lin ellicacious in fertilizing peats, and reducing u tillage, soils abounding in hard roots. But w animal and vegetable remains are destitute o broiis matter, so as not to require n powc solvent, or when their bulk is not in too Inrj; proportion, or their tendency to putrcsceiuy of the aromatic oil. It is better, therefore, to , ^^^.^^^ ^^^^ decomposition of such animal and ve- grind the coffee very tine, and then to expose a ,^ substances, as cither from their texture, by means of a bag or strainer, to the action of j 6^ ^__^^__ ^^^ ^,^.^^,^. ^p„„^^g,, ^,,,0,,^^, ,he soil, boiling water than to bod -t for any length of time. , ^^^^^^^^ ,^^ .lecomposed" by the le.^s powerful opc- Ileat, although unavoidable, injures the flavor, i ^^^.^_^^ ^^ ^^^^^_.^ ^^ ^^^_ ■ ^^.^^^ sufficient despatch I to produce luxuriant vegetation ; also that this substance ey.cites the plants, and increases their capacity for gathering and digesting nutriment. , _ ... - It is certain that gypsum produces amazing fcr- had method to allow the ground coffee to he in .^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^^ out" soils, where hut few traces cold water between meals, and "'<=" '" P';^I'_'"f. '.' ' of animal or |vegetable matter appear; likewise that great debility generally takes place in such soils in consequence of the exhausting inrtiience the fragrance disappears, and is replaced hy a ^^ ^^^.^ substance, when proper attention has not strong bitter taste which, ""ording to the expcn- 1 ^^ .^^^ ^^ introduce a sufticiency of animal ments of Chenevix, depends upon the presence of; ^^ ^,^;^,„,^,^ ,„„^j^^ j„ counteract the" impoverish- ling (rescmhhng that in tan bark.) Ro^stm?, . .,^.^^,^ ^,. j,^j^ powerful promoter of vegeta- des forming this bitter substance, deprives the I . " tannin hcsi coffee of nutritious qualitie NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRl .VRV 12, 1830. When this substance was first introduced as n manure, its exhausting projierties were not known, and many greatly injured their grounds by the improper use of it; especially those who resided I where there wai a ready market for liny. This :_^— --.-^ —----— ^ -^^-^=-=-;*' I caused louil complaints. They have, howi'ver, LOCATION OF A NORTHERN RAIL ROAD, j been nearly silenced hy the practice of those who were careful to return to the ground n reasonable proportion of its product ; and the improvement Extractor a letter from a New Eaglanil gentleman, now in Baltimore, to a IVienJ In Charlc'ilown, Masfl. I feel much gratified to learn that something is doing towards obtaining a Railway from Charles- towii to the northward. The greatest Rail Rond, I have thought f.ir years, ever to he made in thiseoun made in the soil by the judicious use of this sub stance almost exceeds creilibilily. ' Since it has been more generally known that . „„„.rver u,oful it may be to harrow in the c>p gypsum is a very valuiihle manure for wheat, j, ,!„,., „„, „,p„, |i;i,.|y („ produce the same imiiie< 1 in it, or wh»>ii that sub- powerful effect a.s is obtained by rolling the seed try, may be constructed from liosion, through the when the seeil valley of Merrimack river, of White river, and of i stance is strewed over the surface of the ground, "ubslanre Onion river, all lying noarly on the same course ' nn
  • \>. frt ^ lime of Hiib'scribiiig, arc onliileil to n deduclioo ol lilii rei [j" No paper nill bo seni lo a distance wiihoui pawm ' lug made in advance. Primed lor J. B. UussrLl, by I. R. Butts— !> all descriptions of Priming can be executed to nint the of customers. Orders for priming received tiyj. H. lit- at Ihe Agricullural Warehouse Ko. 5S North UnrLri ACKNTS. AVic I'lirt— G TiioRBCBS & Sos,67 I.ilwrii Phihdelplil.t- I>. & C LiBiiUETii.M Chest 1" Bullimort—G. B. Smith, Ollice otihe Ameri< AHv>ii,—Uu». Jr>5»: Butt. Flushing, A'. 1'. Wm. Prisce &. Sows, Prop. I //jrf^.rJ— tloDiiwi.i & Sons. y/ayi>r. N. B.— p. J. UoLLAKO. Esq. Record, : NEW ENI^IiANB FARMER. Published by John B. Russell, at M>. 52 JVorili Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse). — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. niJ , >« — — — VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1830. No. 31. RIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. THE PROPER Si-ZE OF TREES FOR TRANSPLANTING. Icven years ago I wont to a nursery to procure I trees for a farm which I had coinmenced ini- iiig. Impressed with the popular notion, tliat arger the tree the better, I took the largest I d find. I have nursed them faitlifully ; yet ' 1 a hundred I have not yet gathered a bushel pples. They underwent so great a lo.ss of s in transplanting, that they have hardly yet vered from the operation ; and nearly one I became so sickly and dozy, that I dug them nd put others in their stead. Trees that have vn from the seed since these large ones were out, now surpass them in vigor and size. 'his unfortunate debut in the cultivation of , induced me to search into the cause of my ppointment ; and I send you the result of my y in this branch of vegetable ])hysiology. ,oots are literally the mouths of plants. The II fibrils, which Cobbett says should be cut and which others say are, like the leaves, an ual production, but whicli are neither useless annual, are furnished with minute sponge- substances which absorb from the soil the ali- tary juices that nourish the ])lant. These iths are numerous in proportion to the size of tree. When in a healthy conilition, and in a' J soil, the food which they take in, causes a itant dilation of the sap vessels, and a vigorous ivth of the plant. In transplanting large trees, ;e essential organs of nutrition are greatly on a particular day for the exhibition of any of the above named flowers which may be olfered for premimns, the romiiiittee will consider all flowers left at the Hall of the Society on the weekly day of ex- hibition, (Saturday) (luring the season, which shall be marked with llii^ name of the cultivator, (or some device by which they may bo identified,) ns presentPil for premiums. Those not marked, will bu considered as sent for exhibition only. By order of the Committee, R. L. EMMONS, Chairman. Boston, Feb. 12, 1830. Bingham Plum The Rev. J. Kirkpalrick of Virginia in a letter to Wm. I'rince of Flushing, remarks, in rrganl to this riiiiii, (mentioned in I'rinre'H Trentiso on llmticidlurc,) that it has this yctr borne fruit for the first time, and that it may with the grentcsl ronfidt^nen bo pronounced n plum of targe size, and highest ciceltence. Hnrvitrd Ptar (lately calleil Ejiergne.) — gee E. Farmer, Sept. 11, and Oct. 'J, 1629. Thisf wilding has dune remnrkahly well the last v son, perhaps never better, iiotuiihstanding pe genernlly, (particularly foreign varieties, wh did not set well) were scarce. I yhould jmlgc saw on a farm in Roxbury, (S. Ward's) last s son over eighty bushels of this variety. Dix pear. — See N. E. Farmer, Dec. 11, 18 This fine seeilling has oidy been known to lis 1 seasons. From what we havesci-n ofthisvarii I think it will be one of our handsomest and \< best pears, and will be largely cultivated in 1 gardens. Gore^s Healhcol pear. — See N. E. Ffiriner, C 3, 1829. This fine seedling did not, the last s< [ son, bear ns well as usual ; lint the fruit sent the Hall of the Society, was very excellent. T variety will be a good substitute (or the St . chad's — this conijiarison is reconimendui enough for it. Clapp pear, [a seedling.) — See N. E. Farn Sept. 4, 1829. Those who like the Siiinr (August) Catherine or Kaltern |)ear, will, 1 p Slime, appreciate this variety ; us there is a gr similarity between them. They have been v fine the past season. Cashing pear, (a wilding.) — Bee N. E. Farn Oct. 30, 1829. We may with confidence cii vale largely this very superior pear ; it is a ci Slant and great beiirer, yielding Ihelati twenty yt abundantly each season. ff'ilkinson pear. — See N. E. Farmer, Nov. 1829. This very superior and new pear, will one of our greatest favorites. It is represen as a great anil constant bearer. ■S. Doioner's .\~ative Mazxard Cherry. — Frui large ns the Black Heart, but more the shape the Honey Heart ; color light red, flesh middl hard, flavor very pleasant and sprightly, se transparent, can ascertain the size of the sti which is not large, hy holding a cherry befuri candle, — a constant and great bearer, and has failed to yield aluinilaiitly each .season for the I ten years; tree does not run up like the mazz; bill is formed more like the May Duke, — rip lute, same time as the little cnnmion mazzard , this account, it is more valuable, — stands I with the marketmen, and ctunmandsa g' od pii I planted the stone of the above n>entiiineil t twenlytwo years since. It has never been mo from the place where it originully sprang up Lewis pear.— Sea N. E. Farmer, Nov. 20, 1S29. This fine seedling pear has more than met our expectations the present season ; its fine tpuilities will make it more generally known t'/ar. hereto- fore. This winter they have kept until February — in n dry, cool situation they may probably re- nmin in eating until March. The original tree, and the two .suckers transplanted from it, have given full and constant crops the last ten years. I will here allude to tlie great necessity of allowing our late fall and winter pears to remain on the trees ns long ns possible, even at the risk o( high winds, and hard frost, (there is no danger from a little frost) their flavor improves very much the last ten or fil^een days iliey hang on the tree, and it jirevents their shrivelling afterwards. The Lewis pear hangs on the tree very strong to the last. They have readily solil in our market, this wioler, at $8,00 per bushel. [\Vc piitilish with great pleasure, at the request 1 Stamlini; Coiiiniittee of the Council, the following Ic'i from Lk I'o.M I K I)e Lastevbie, Vice President of Horlicultuial Society of Paris.] C Ilorlieultural Sorielii I Paris. Die. 19, 16 " Mr President — T am extremely sensible the honor, which the Massuchiisciia Horliciiltu Society has been pleased to confer upon me, electing me an Honorary Member. I ilesire ll yoti would do me the favor of making known the Society over wliici; you preside, my grate acknowli-dt'iiients. I have also received yr Cnnstitiilion and By-Laws, which I have preset ed to the Hortiriiliural Society of Paris. Tl Society sees with pleasure, that the An, which seeks to eticonruge in France, finds citizens America, not less zealous to hasten its jirogress the I'niled States. It is desirous of enlertaiiiii with voiir Society, a correspoiuletice, which Vol.VIlI.— N... 31. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 243 equally lieneficiiil to bolli countries ; and anx- s to evince llie inleres^t whicli it lakes in your ors, and the esteem which it has for the Meiii- ■s d sallad." GEN. DEAKBOUN'S ADDRESS. [Continued from page 207.] The details of each grand division ^f Horticul- annot be embraced within the range of such leral remarks, as propriety seems to prescribe an occasion like the present. Tliey are to be gilt in the works of the learned, and rendered liliar, by precedent and progressive experi- "'nts. The field is ample, and requires an un- iig perseverance, to gather in the rich harvest instruction, and render it practically available, at this may be achieved in the most econonii- , speedy, effectual and satisfajrtory manner, *rtlcnltural Associations have been deemed in- [jensable. They excite the public interest, i™ ;er a taste for the useful and ornamental nches of culture, and stimulate individual exer- i; by the distrilui.tion of entertaining and in- ictive publications, — by a correspondence be- ;en the officers and among the members of like itutions, — by the establishment of libraries, — premiums lor rare, valuable, beautiful, early, « superior products, — important discoveries, esti- lible inventions, excellence of tillage, and meri- •vious communications, — l)y periodical meetings, the interchange of opinions, and mutual in- iction, — by public exhibitions, — and by col- aud disseminating seeds, plants, models of dements, and information on all sulijects, con- ted with the theory and practice of gardening. *fumerous esculent vegetables, delicious fruits, leib flowers, ornamental shrubs and trees, ce- 1, vulnerary, and medicinal plants, and others u'lservient to the arts, manufactures, and public nomy, both exotic and indigenous, are either iilown to us, or but partially cultivated. Seve- varieties, whicli have been obtained from the latorial regions, and confined to the shelter and rmth of green houses, stoves and conservato- fii, have been found to bear the severities of a eal winter, even when first exposed, or have n gradually acclimated ; and many are annn- i detected in every ipiarter of the globe, which Mr Barnett writes that he shall send the package ' the January Packet, which has not yet arrived. deservedly merit nuturalization ; and still what numbers are " born to blush unseen and waste their fragrance on the desert air." Most of our common fi'iiits, flowers and olera- ceous vegetables were collected by the Greeks and Romans from Egypt, Asia, and other distant climes, and successively extending over Western Europe, finally re^-.clied this country. But so gradual was their progress, " it was not till the reign of Henry VIII, that any salads, carrots, tur- nips, cabbages, or other edible roots were pro- duced in England. The little of these vegetables thai was used was imported from Holland." Ful- ler observes, that " Gardening was first brought into England for profit, about the commencement uf the seventeenth century, before which we fetch- ed most of our cherries from Holland, apples from Fiance, and hardly had a mess of rath-ripe peas, but from Holland, which were dainties for ladies, they came so far, and cost so dear." Peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pears, cherries, stravi berries, melons and grapes were luxuries, but little enjoyed before the time of Charles II, who introduced French gardening at Hampton Court, Carlton, and Marlborough, and huilt the first hot and ice houses. At this period Evelyn, the great apostle of p\aiitiiig, translated "The comidete Gardener," and a treatise on orange trees by Qnintinyne, a Flench author of great merit; and having devoted the remainder of his life to the cultivation of his rural seat at Sayes Court, near Deptford, and in thi publication of his Sylva, Kalendarium Hor- tcDse, Terra, Pomona and Acetaria, he " first taught gardening to speak proper English." The Horticulture of France had hitherto been considerably in advance of that of Great Britain ; it wa? soon, however, destined to be surpassed by her powerful rival, in the contest for national granueur; but these kingdoms are again approxi- mating towards an equality, in the progress of tillage. Ill the literature and science of gardening, France has produced numerous authors of cele- brity, and several whose works have not been su- perseded by those of any other country. The publications of Du Hainel, Thoiiin, Buflbn, Ge- rardin, D'Argenville, Rosier, Du Petit Thoiirs, and the two Jiissieus, are agronomic text-books of the highest repute. The nursery of the fathers of the Chartreaux, established by Louis XIV, near the Luxembourg, long supplied a great part of Europe vvith fruit trees. The Jardin des Plants, in Paris, " includes departments which may be considered as schools for horticulture, planting, agriculture, medical hotany and general economy ;" and there can be no question, says Loudon, of its being the most scientific and best kept in Europe. The flower garden of Malmaison, the botanical garden of Trianon, and numerous nursery, herb, medicinal, experimental, and botanic gardens, in various parts of the kingdom, are preeminent for the variety, number, and e.xcellence of their pro- ilucts, and for the perfection of their cultivation. To be concluded next week. of clearing the Rail Road of snow. " The expe- riment," says the American, " was conclusive and highly satisfactory, and proved that we need not apprehend the smallest delay or inconvenience from the deepest snows which are ever likely to occur." Rail Roads. A bill is before the Ohio legisla- ture to construct a Rail Road from Butler county, through Preble, to Shelby county, Several pa- pers in the state already talk of filling up their canals to afford sites for Rail Roads. The experiment has been tried near Baltiinore Lowell Railroad — We hope soon see to a rail- way between this town and Boston in successful operation. That the experiment would be suc- cessful we entertain no doubt. There are now 100 passengers daily between the two places in stage coaches, and the transportation of cotton, goods, merchandize, &c. amounts to nearly or quite 30 tons a day. We believe that the road would pay immediately six per cent on a cost of $400,000, which is nearly $100,000 more than the estimate of the engineer. — Lowell Journal. Very Cold. — On the 24th ult. the thermometer at Bangor (Maine) stood at 27 degrees below zero on the 30th ult. at Albany, at 6, P. M. at 9 de- grees below zero — at Newbury port at 12 de- grees below zero. — At Portland, on the morning of the 31st ult. at 18 degrees below zero. — At Lancaster, Mass. at the same time 10 degrees be- low zero. — At Mr. Wilder's in Bolton, an elevated situation at 15 degrees below zero. England. — Tredgold says, that the first Rail Way in England, was used in the neighborhood of New Castle upon Tyne, about the year 1680. It is stated, by another writer, that there are now in that country, more than sixty companies. Thirtyfour of them have capitals equal in amount to about one hundred and thirlyfive millions of dollars. MULBERRY TREES. As the season for transplanting approaches, it would be well for farmers to make ready a small lot for mulberry trees. They are of slow growth, but he that plants an orchard of them, will do better for his descendants than to Wave thrice the number of apple-trees. The silk Worms even now, may be made to enrich their masters and there is a certainty that the demand for silk will never cease. The whole process in which the worms are engaged lasts but six weeks, and a woman, moderately skilled in the business, may, in tliat time, make about thirty-five dollars, and as her attendance may be had for nine dollars tv/enty-six dollars would be the gain of him that hires ; and forty females, in the six weeks, would produce a clear gain of more than a thousand dollars. Another source of profit, as well as enjoyment, is, of late, neglected. Yet it is believed, that as the country has been more richly cultivated, and gardens more extensive, that bees would thrive, and honey be raised in greater quantities : certain it is that there are flowers enough to supply a hundred times the bees that are kept, and demand enough for both honey and wax. It is a mistake to suppose that bees require much care, or are diflicult to be hived or taken up. The few direc- tions requisite may be found in any book of rural economy. The bee seldom stings one who oflTers no injury ; but though he "rewards his friends," he well knows how to "punish his enemies." — Palladium. Government has ordered cannon balls from the iron mines in Po'osi, Missouri. 244 NEW E^GLAND FAUMEIl, Feb. 19, isaoj LIBRARY OF USEFLL. KNOWLEDGE. [Cmtinutil /nrn fgf S96.] CHAPTER II. THE DIFFERENT FOREIGN BREEDS. THE FLEMISH AND DLTCH HORSE. Tlie Flemish and Untch horses are large, and •trongly ami beautifully Cornicd. We are indebted to them for some of the best blood of our draught- horses, and we still have frequent recourse to them for keeping \t\t and improving the breed. They will be more particularly described when the cart- horse is spoken of. TUE FRENCH HORSE. France contains, like England, numerous breeds ji,e g^nie origin. of horses, and considerable attention has lately been paid to their improvement ; but they are far inferior to the English in beauty, tleetness, and strengtli. The provinces of Auvergne and Poi- teau produce good ponies and galloways ; but the best French horses are bred in Limousin and Nor- mandy. From the former district come excellent saddle-horses and hunters ; and from the latter a stronger species for the road, the cavalry, or the carriage. The Norman horses arc now much crossed by our hunters, and occasionally by the thorough-bred ; and the English roadster and light draught-horse lias not suflTered by a mixture with the Norman. THE SPANISH HORSE. Spain was early celebrated for her breed of horses. The Andalusian charger and tlic Spanish jennet are familiar to all readers of romance. The subjugation of so great a portion of the pe- ninsula to the Moorish sway, by introducing so much of the Barbary blood, mainly contributed the undisputed excellenco of the Spanish horse. One breed, long in the limbs, and graceful in all its motions, was the favorite war-horse of the knight ; while another race, carrying the esquire, although inferior in elegance, possessed far more Btrength and endurance. The Spanish horse of the present day is not much unlike the Yorkshire half-bred ; perhaps with flatter legs and better feet, but far inferior figure. THE ITAI.IA.N HORSE. The Italian horses were once in high repute, particularly tho Neapolitans; but like evcrylliing else in those mismanaged countries, they have sadly degenerated. One circumstance has mainly contributed to this falling off in reputation mid value, viz. that the breed has been kept up by oc- casional intermixture, not of Eastern, but of Eu- ropean blood. A few of the Neapolitan horses, from their superior size and stateliuess, arc well adapted for the carriage. THE AMERICAN HORSE. Ill the extensive territory nnd varied climate of tho United States, several breeds of horses are foiinil. The Canadian is found principally in Canada, and the Northern States. lie is supposed to be of French descent, and many of tho cclebratcil AmericMn trotters are of this breed. Wo will speak of some of them when we ilcscribo the pa- ces of the horse. The Cotienloija Iiomc in found in I'linnsylvanin, and the Middle States — long in the leg, anil light in the carcase — sometimes rising seventeen hamls, used priiiiipally for iln; carriage ; but when not riage, various presents, doubtless of a natu too hi-l], an.l with buflR-ii^nt substance, useful for would be thought most acceptable to hii hunti.rg and Ihe sa.ldle. '""""S '''••■"> ''«*«'"a' G«^rii.an runni,,- The En/rliak lior-e, with a good deal of blood, Hence our breed received another cros.-, prevails in Virginia and Kentucky ; and is found, bably an improvement, to a greater or less degree, in all the Slates. The Aihel.-lan .seems to have seriously de». ■ Americans have, at different times, imported some -elf to ibis important object, for he so of the best English blood. It has been moatdili- wards decreed (a. d. 930) ihal no horses .should gently and purefy preserved in the Southern States. >ent abroad for .-ale, or uii any account, except The celebrated Shark, the best horse of his day, royal presents. This proves his anxiety top nnd eiiualled by few at any time, was the sire of serve the breed, and likewise renders it prol.« the best Virginian horses ; and Tally-ho, a son of that that breed was beginning to be cstcemca Highllycr, ireoplcd the Jerseys. >"'• neighbors. In a .locument bearing date a, In the back settlements, and in the southwest- j 1000, we have an interesinig account of llie n crn Slates, is a horse resembling the wild horse of live value of the horse. If a horse was destroy the Pampas, already described, and evidently of or negligeiiily lost, the compensation to U- . ni.-iiiili-d wns ihiriv shillini's : a mareor coll. CHAPTER III. HI.STORV OF THE ENGLISH HORSE. The earliest record of the horse in Great Brit manded was thirty shillings; a mareor coll, twi ty shillings; a mule or young ass twelve shilliD . an ox, thirty pence; a cow, iwentvfoiir Jiew ^ a pig, eight pence ; and, it strangely follovr| ^ man, one pound.* ' In the laws of Howell the Good, Prince The earliest record of the horse in (>rcat lint- ^ In the laws of Howell the Good, Prilic ain is contained in the history given by Julius C«- - ^Vales, and passed a little before this time, t sar of his invasion of our island. The British L^g jj,j,„p (.uri,,,,^ jmriii-nlars respecting the va army was accompanied by numerous war-chariotsj j,,,,] j,„|g ^f horses. The value of a (oal not fo drawn by horses. Short scythes were fastened to I ,jg„ ,|„yg „|,|_ jg fixed at four pence ; at one y the ends of the axletree-, sweeping down every j,j„| „ j^y j, jg estimated at foriyeight pence ; i thing before them, and carrying terror and de- | .,t ,i,rt.e years sixty pel '" ■ vnstalion into the ranks of their enemies. Tfie ( i..":.!. ,__ _ _ It was then to tamed with the bridle, anil brought up either i palfrey or a servinfr horse ; when its value beci one hundred and tweiiiy pence ; and that c icild or uiibrnkeii mare, sixty jienre. Even in tho.se early days, the frauds of deal '■' were too noiorious, and the following singular f"- uhilions were established. The buyer was _ _ ir enctnic conqueror gives a most animated description of the dexterity with which the horses were mun- aged. What kind of horse the Britons then possessed, it would he useless to inquire ; but, from the cum- brous structure of the car, and the fury with | „|j|m|,,„g ,ypfg y5,m„|gne„. , „,; uiiji-r which it was driven, and fro:n the badness t"' I lowed time to ascertain whether the horse nonexistence of the roads, they must have been ,y,,g f,.,jin three di.seases. He had three nigl both active nnd ]>owerful in an extraordinary de- 1 p^^j^.g j,\„, f„r (|,c titnguers ; three nii>nil ^ gree. Csesar deemed them so valuable, that he ' carried many of them to Rome ; and the Pritish horses were, for a considerable i)erioil after'vards, in great request in various parts of the Roman empire. Horses nuist at that time have been eiceedingly miificrous in Britain, for we are told that when the British king, Cassibellaunus, dismissi;d the |IIUt17 lini* ••-■ •■■— p.— --- T prove the soundness of his lungs; and om to ascertain whether he were infected with j; iters. For every blemish discovered after purchase, one third of the money was to be turned, except it shoiiKl be a blemish of the or tail. I The practice of lening horses for hire wns i i i,,„ „...,.. o' ■ .known, and then, as now, the services of the I J main body of his army, he retained four thousand U^pi^ ,y,,^g ,oo l„.,iiHlly exacte„y f„„r pence ; if the >ki i cannot he ascertained. Tho Romans having ■./.#. .Ii>.;i.ri-i.w to Im> rrnmrli 1^ to send over a numerous body of cavalry to nuun tain a chain of po.sts, and check the trequent in- surrections of the natives. The Roman horses would breed with those of the country, and, to a greater or less extent, change their character ; and from this time, the English horse would consist ol a compound of tho native and those from Gaul, Italy, Spain, and every (irovince from which the Roman cavalry was supplied. Many ciMituries afterwards passeil by, and we have no record of the char.-'cter or value, improvement or deteriora- tion, of the animal. It would appear prohnble, however, that Allicl- stan, the natural son of Alfred the Great, and ihe second in succession to him, paid some altenlioii to ihc improvement of the horse: for having sub- dued all the rebellious portions of the Hepiarrhy, he was congratulated on his success by some ol ihe conlinenlal princes, and received from Hugh Cnpct of France, who solicited his sister in iiiiir- One cirruirstaiice deserves to Ik remarl that in none of the earliest hi.stoiical records of Anglo-Saxons i.r the Welsh, is there any "Ihii to the use of lliP hoi-se for the ploiieh. I'lHj-, comparalively recnl period, oxen alolii ii.-icd ill Kiii-land, as in other coimtries, 1 purpose; bin id)oiit this lime (the laller piirL the tenth ceiilury)si)'iie iimovalioii on ibis \* f.. wns creeping in, and, therefore, « Welsh law bids the fiirmer to plough wiih horses, mares, cows, but with oxni alone. On one of ihe pie of tapestry woven at Biiyoiin- in ihe lime of \ linin the Conqinror, (a. i>. 1066) there is the fig of a man driving a horse altaibed to a linm This is ihe earliesl notice we hnve of the ii^c ihe horse in field labor. • Acronlinn lo the Anclo-Sjxon romputallon. foiUr shillines mmle a po'iml, cqii.«l in silvrr lo »l>,>iil ll iMiiiuU of our pri'senl iiioncy, in value lo filtecn or Icon iKimul-, nml five |>enco niuilo one shilling. Vol. VIII.— No. 31. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 245 HORTICULTUUE. VIr Fessenden — For the full success of Hoiliculture, > imlispensable, that extensive nurseries should be es- lished in various parts of every state ; not only to fur- h the trees and plants, which are required for utility, 1 embellishment, but to give publicity to the most valu- e and interesting species, and to excite a taste for cul- Even the common fruits have been difficult to be cured, except in the vicinity of a few of the large es, while the choice kinds are by no means abundant, he best collections. n the northern states, but comparatively little atten- i has been paid by nurserymen to the cultivation of native forest trees, ornamental shrubs and flowers, ich are so much prized and sought for in Europe, and ere they constitute the most important and interesting tion of the vast collections which have been made m all quarters of the globe. HicHAux observes, in the introduction to his Sylva, It is interesting to remark how much more varied all species of great forest trees are in North America, n they are in France ; and I mention France in prefe- ice to other countries of Europe, because she ispar- ilarly favored in point of temperature. In America, trees more than thirty feet high exceed one hundred 1 forty. — In France there are but thirtyseven which lin this height ; of these, eighteen enter into the com- iition of the forests, and of the latter,, seven only are ploye«for domestic and maritime purposes." There are fiftythree species of the Oak in North Ame- 1, seventeen of the Pine, and eight of Maple. Of the gnificent trees which compose the genus of the Magno- but fifteen are known, — five of which belong to Chi- one to the West Indies, and the remaining nine to United States. We have eleven species of the Wal- t, while not one is indigenous to Europe, — the kind lich is so commonly cultivated there, being a native of rsia. Arboriculture elaims attention, not merely for the pur- ses of rural embellishment, but to replace the valuable iber trees, which are fast disappearing before that ghty tide of pnpuliition, which is spreading, witl usual rapidity, over the whole country. What more important service, then, can be rendered to epublic, — what can better subserve the interests mforts, and pleasures of society, than the establishment extensive nurseries. We have seen what has been complished by enterprising individuals in other nations d may designate several meritorious citizens in our vn, who have emulated their commendable example t them be encouraged by a generous patronage, and ! shall soon be able to present nurseries, which may, ithout disparagement, be compared to those of England, ance, and Holland. The experiment was long since mmenced, and is now continued and repeated, under most favorable auspices, — promising reward and re- tation to those adventurous competitors, who have justly ticipated an increasing demand for the products of their dustry. I have been pleased to find that William Prince, iq. the Proprietor of the celebrated Linnaean Botanic irden at Flushing, Long Island, is in correspondence th the Horticultural Society of Paris, as well as several hers in Europe, and that his publications on gardening, e been honorably mentioned in the Annates D'Horti- ilture. For more than half a century, that family has cultiva- dan extensive nursery, from which fruit, forest, and or- mental trees, shrubs and flowers have been disseminated rer every part of the United States, as well as many reign nations. The grandfather, father, and son are entitled to the respect of all, who are interested in the pursuits to which their lives have been devoteoT The respectable cultivator of the Linnffian Nursery, has not only advanced the science and art of Horticulture, by practical experiments, and in furnishing the means of their extension, but collected and disseminated infor- mation, on the various branches of useful and pictuVesque planting, in several valuable publications. He is now preparing a " Treatise on the Culture of the Vine," which, from the " Extracts" that have been inserted in the New England Farmer, appears destined to sustain the merited reputation he has acquired. The pioneers in economical and ornamental tillage, render highly important services to their country, the age in which they flourish, and to all future generations, that are too often unappreciated by their cotemporaries; but the names of the Princes, of C.4RR, Landreth, Mills, Smith, Bloodgood, Parmentier, Thor- BURN, the Kenricks, Davenport, and the Win- ships, and those who have commenced the same honor- able career, will be remembered with gratitude, and be perpetuated in the history of our Horticulture, and of the fruits and plants, which they have introduced and propagated. .Accept assurances of esteem and sincere respect. Briiiley Place, ) H. A. S. DEARBORN. Feb. 15, 1S30. S extract no. IV. From the Annales D'Horticulture. Information on the Transplantation of Plants and Shrubs in full verdure; — by M. L' Abbe Ber- LESE. Hitherto, I do not know, that any method has been discovered, of transplanting in full verdure a rare plant, without its being injured by this re- moval. All the modes which have been indicated, are confined to taking up with the roots, as nuicli earth as possible ; but no process has been de- vised, by which this shall remain attached to the roots, so that the plants can be transported from one place to another with safety. It is known, that this is sometimes successfully done, by pla- cing a cask without a head over the plant, and sinking it into the earth by repeated blows, until the lump about the roots is detached and retained within the cask ; but if the roots are extended horizontally, the edges of the cask, cut or injure them ; besides, the violent blows given to the cask, to sink it into th« earth, loosens that about the roots, in pro))ortion to the depth it is settled, and the plant witliers, and at last perishes. An experiment, which has been several times repeated, has convinced me, that a plant growing in the open ground, and especially a rare shrub, or small tree of any kind, even those which, from the disposition of their roots, can never be taken up, with a ball of earth adhering to them, may be transplanted with facility ; this mode is easy, not expensive, and can be practised by every one. Suppose, it is desirable to transplant a Sweet Brier, which has been long budded, with a stock four, six, ten, or twelve feet in height, in full ver- dure, and even in bloom, isolated, or planted against a wall. If the Sweet Brier is over four feet high, I fasten it to a strong stake ; I then trace upon the earth, a circle nearly double the diameter of the lump of earth, which I wish to retain upon the roots, and commence digging a trench rounil this prescribed mass, and when it i: ascertained that there are no roots, which would retain it in the ground. If fill the trench with liquid plaister of Paris. This plaisler envelopes the lump of earth round the j)lant, and secures it im- mediately, as if it were in a box. When the plaister Iras consolidated, and is about half dry, I take up the j)lant, and remove it where I choose. I transplanted, last simuner, three large budded Sweet Briers, a Magnolia cordata, a Daphne col- liua, and three Cypress trees, six feet high, which had been set out five years; all these succeeded perfectly ; the roses, which were in flower, and full of buds, continued to bloom after transplanta- tion, and to grow as if they had not been re moved. «4 tree of life. — The Algarrova tree, the growth of the Pampas and other provinces in South Ame- rica, seems to have been expressly provided by Providence, for the sustenance of the rude inhab- itants of these districts, and if it were by an acci- dent to be exterminated, it is scarcely too much to say that the population would follow it ! It is the universal sustenance of the poor, the idle, and the destitute ; there is a drink made from its bean-like pod, which is really excellent ; its seeds arc ground into ])alatable and nutritious flour ; its (eaves]^are used as the general food for cattle ; and its branch- es, which are studded with sharp pointed thorns, are stuck into the earth and wattled together into a sort of palisade, which even a starving bull will not attempt to break through, though he see the tempting pasture on the other side. — The wood, too, is not only excellent for all agricultural and architectural purposes, but is, from its hard and solid texture, almost as durable as coals for fuel. Finally, even dogs are fond of the pod, and itigs fatten on it belter than on any other food. The former will often leave their homes, and live in the algarrova woods as long as the pod is in season, and the poor inhabitants will none of them work — nor need they — while that portion of the algarrova tree lasts. The Hamilton County Agricultural Societyi (Ohio) have |)etitioncd the Legislature to pass an act, levying a tax on dogs within the county of Hamilton, for the use and benefit of the Society ; the money therefrojn arising, to be appropriated as other fu.ids of the Society, and applied for the remuneration of those whose sheep may be killed Ijy (logs. _^__ Mangel wiirtzel is coming into use in many kennels, as acommon food for hounds, with whom it is found to agree remarkably well. It is never used except with flesh, and then in the proi)ortion of two bushel baskets of the roots to two buckets of oatmeal. It is then boiled to a pulp, and mashed up with the food. A new species of Indigo has been discovered in the Phillippine Islands. It has been known time immemorial amongst the natives, under the names of pay-in-guill and arranguit. The dye produced is as deep and fast as that of indigo. There are, in Vermont, inexhaustible quarries of slate, as good as any imported from Wales. Slates would be brought to Boston on a Railway, hut it is cheaper now to get them from Wales. There are also in Vermont, immense formations of pure Porcelain clay. Steam Carriage.—'' The Novelty" drew, for se- veral hours, a gross load of 35 tons, at the rate of twelve miles an hour. 246 NRW ENGLAND FARMER, Fel.. 19, 1830. From the Journal of Hcallli. MAXIMS FOR PARENTS. 1. If consumption luis prevailed in cither of your faiiiiiii-s, use lliu carlicnt precautions to pre- vent your cliililreii falling victims to the sainedis- 2. Though consumption may not have been excellent fuel for the poor, being picked up by or seven days. The li«|uor will ferment, and ihccn as they fell from the trees, so that the pro- ! part will be lost in froth, which must be rcplaci prietor of the wood sustained no injury." 1 every morning. When the fermentation h. ceased, decant the licpior into other bottles, co Skikton Plough. — Mr I'inluyson, in bis excel- them, and place them in the cellar for u.-^c. ) lent practical work, the Brili.-ih Farmer, observes ibis way the juice of any sour fruits, as the citrt thai, w hen the clays of Kent, Surry and Middle- and crab, &,c. niay be preserved, and no exuen. sex, are between the wet and dry, they adhere lo'of supar incurred till the moment it is to be use common on the side of either, yet precaution is | the boerfectly convinced of I "^ much lukewarm water as will reduce the cot its practicability, if the weight of the engine could position to the consistency of batter. Let it sIbi be reduced so as not to sink in :lie soil, or conso- ''"" twenty-four hours in a closely covered cartlii lidatc too much the surface on which it moved. I have not yet seen any of the portable steam threshing-machines, but expect to liave one fitted up by and by, which may be applied to other im- portant agricultural operations. !Mr. Bell's reap- ing marliine appears to be a nearer approach to perfection than has hitherto been attained j and from what I learned, when at Perth, has given very great satisfaction. Steam could certainly be employed to great advantage in impelling this machine, as horse jiower is awkwardly employed, when required to push instead of to pull forward." ware jar, when it will be fit for use. For eve pound of flour to be baked, take four tab spoonfuls of the composition ; mix up two thin of the flour, adding a little lukewarm water, fresh cream, then knead the remainder of the flo into the mass of dough ; give it the desired sha| and let it stand four hours covered with a larj dish before it is put into llie oven. Replace il composition with an equal quantity of mashi potatoes, flour, and sah, in the jiroportioiis stat< above, and beat the whole together in the ja havriig first jioured off' the liquid collected at ll bottom of the vessel. Let the jar be well covcre in a warm place in winter, and in a cold place summer. The loaves or rolls may not rise wt Making plants produce flowers. — A writer for the Gardener's Magazine says that '' fasteifing a piece of wire round the stem is the best method j on the first or second attempt; but after a fe of making plants flower that are diflicult to flow- i repetitions tlicy will be found superior to ar er." [Would a string answer instead of a wire ?] baker's bread, and the composition, if daily rcnov led according to the directions, will continue f< To make Kitchen Vegetables tender. A writer years to improve." in the Bulletin des Sciences Econ. says, " When French beans, and similar productions do not boil easily, it has usually been imputed to the coolness of the season, or to the rains. Tliis popular notion is erroneous :' the difficulty of boiling them soft arises from a superabundant quantity of gypsum imbibed during their growth. To correct this, tl row a small qiiaiilily of siibcarbonate of sod [conimon soda of the shops] into the pot alon RAIL ROAD FROM BOSTON TO OGDEN5 BURGH. There has been a large and respectable mcctin on the 2.1 inst. at Montpelicr (Vt.) of inhabitant of that and the adjacent towns, on the subjv-ct c a Rail Road, to connect the western lakes wit the .\tiantic, in which measures were recommend cd for " the survey and completion of a Naiioor with the vegetables, the carbonic acid of which '^'''' ''"'"') from the sea-board at Boston, throiigl will seize upon the lime in the gypsum, and free Lowell, Mass. Concord, N. H. ami thence by th the legumes, &c. from its influence." j most convenient route, ihroiigli the valley o — — I Onion River, to Lake Champluin, and thence li To prepare Ferjuice for bottling and keeping — I the waters of Lake Ontario, at Ogdensburglr The following is given in tho Journal de Connoi- | N. York." This is essentially the same route n scan. I'suillcs : " Express the juice of unripe | commended by u correspondent in the last Now grapes or (joosehcrries, without bruising the seels, England Farmer. Tho be-t spirit prevails ii wbuh would give u disagreeable taste to the Vermont and Canada on tho subject. Sevora liquor. Strain tho juico through a linen cloth ; writers in the Canada papers arc culling^he pub- bottle il, and exjiosc it uncorked to the sun lor six ' lie attention to the advantages of this route > Vul. VIII.— No. 31- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 247 EDINBURGH REVIEW. he 99tli No. of this valuable journal is just lisheil, and contains elaborate articles on the owing subjects : Lord King's Lite of John ke — Mrs lleinans' I'oeins — French Commer- Systeiu — Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe — The amine Historians — Utilitarian System of Go- nnient, and "Greatest Happiness Principle" — erican Literature — Dr Channing — Vegetable siology — Burckhardt's Travels in Arabia — ty of Useful Knowledge ; Farmer's Series — Cousin's Course of Philosophy — Auldjo's As- t to the Summit of Mont Blanc — Flaxman's tures on Sculpture — History and Present State Chemical Science — New French Ministry — artcrly List of New Publications. Published rterly by Wells & Lilly, Court Street, Boston, is per annum. Brighton Market. — Monday, Feb. 15. (Ueporled lor ihe Chronicle and Palrinl.) k.t market this day, 389 Beef Cattle, 72 Stores, Sheep and 166 Swine — divided as follows : er market, 277 Beef Cattle, 13 Stores 472 :ep, and 166 Swine ; — lower viarket, 112 Beef tie, 59 Stores, and 435 Sheep, he market today was less animated than we e noticed for the last three or four weeks, and s were not so easily effected — the Cattle, fever, were nearly all taken, not more than 12 5 remained unsold at the close of the market, at about the last week's prices, that is, few ne, at a trifle over $5 per cwt. — best at $5, er qualities at from 4 to $4^. tore Cattle meet with a better market today 1 they have for a month past, with tlie excep- ofMilch Cows, which were dull — of upwards }0 at market not more than 6 or 8 were sold, noticed the following sales : — 1 at $27, 1 at , 2 at $20 each, and 1 at 18. keep — As with Cattle so with Sheep — sales ned to go off rather heavily compared with last 3 or 4 weeks. The following comprise e of the most important transactions of the :_1 lot of 100 at $3,83, 1 do 150 at $3J, 1 I 60 at $3J, 1 do 120 at $3,06, 100 at $3, Ido 218 at $1,67. 'loine — rather dull — of those at market a few e sold by retail at 4 a 5 cents per pound, and remainder taken in one lot at 3? cents. CoRRESPOivDENTs. — Several confimunications are rred — among which is a valuable one from J. T. on toes.^We highly appreciate the good intentions of B. but we do not think his selections would prove ifficient interest to farmers, to justify an insertion in resent crow led state of our columns. Farmer Wanted. first rate man, (one with a family would be preferred) ke charge of a farm of fifty acres, in Warren, R. I. WTiu^t be a perfect master of his business, capable of llifftlie lead himself — some vegetables must be raised — nmuch attention is p;id on the farm to the culture of n 1* for shipping. Address Freeborn Sisson, War c R. I. (postpaid.) * 3t Feb. 19. jVeio loork on Silk. St published at Philadelphia, and for sale at J. B {isell's Seed Store, 52, North Market-street — t^s^ays on American Silk, and the best means of ren- te ig it a source ot individual and national wealth »i Directions to Farmers for raising Silk -worms. By 0 D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer; and P. S. Dupon '* , Member of the American Philosophical Society biProinoting Useful Knowledge." ** Knowledge >0;r; and Information is capital." — Report of Comm. of CiTitss on Jimerican Silk. lice 62i cents. Feb. 19 Land for Sale. 20000 acres of land in Potter county, Pennsylvania, are offered for sale, either in one body, or in such quantities as will suit applicants. This Land is situated on the head waters of the Sin- namahoning Creek which empties into the west brnnch of the Susquehanna River above Dunnslown — by the pre- t law, the Pennsylvania canal is to be made as far as Dcmnstown ; from thence to the Lakes, the shortest course would be somewhere in the neighborhood of the land now offered for sale. The title is indisputable, and taxes paid up to the first day of the year eighteen hundred and thirty. The Sinnamahoning Creek is navigable, and is about forty feet wide at the bridge now building on or near this land ; through which a road passes. The settlements on the Sinnamahoning extend up to within five miles of this tract of land, which reaches within twelve miles of Cou- dersport (the county town.) As to the quality of this land, it is of course various, as would be the case with the same quantity in the immediate neighborhood of Philadelphia, Boston, or New York. The flats bordeiing on the streams are excellent, — a dark, rich, deep soil, free from stone and easy to cultivate ; the upland, or as it is termed in that country," Bench Land," is good farming land, deep, ex- cellent soil, well adapted to grass, grain, &c. the hills arc loo steep for farming, but are generally heavily timbered. The prevailing timber is Beach, Maple, Birch, Cherry, I Hemlock, and White Pine. Coal has been found on one I branch of the Sinnamahoning, and it is believed by people living in those parts, that there is abundance of Coal on all the waters of the Sinnamahoning Creek. The Propiietor has divided four thousand acres into lots of one hundred acres each. Any settler who may pay for his land before seeing it, and should not like it when he arrives there, may select another of said lots instead of the one he has paid for, provided he does it within one year from the time he pays the money, and notifies the Propri- etor of his choice before said lot shall have been disposQd of to some other purchaser or settler. None but sober, industrious people need apply for any part of this land. Any person procuring ten purchasers or settlers, shall have one bundled acres, gratis, provided he causes it to be settled within one year from the time he becomes enti- tled to it. The price is $2 per acre ; but a liberal deduc- tion will be made to wholesale purchasers and to settlers. For further particulars, apply personally or by letters, postpaid, to SAMUEL WEBB, No. 305, Mulberry-street, Philadelphia. Terms of payment will be made easy. The following Certificate is from Samuel B. Fisher, a practical Surveyor, who has just returned from viewing the above described premises ; — he has no interest whatever (direct or indirect) in the sale of these lands, and is one on whose judgment and candor purchasers may safely depend. I hereby certify, that I was on the above described tract of land for several days, in the beginning of the present month, and while there, my time was occupied in exam- ining the same ; and I am of the opinion that the forego- ing description is a fair one, and that those who may feel disposed to purchase, will find it lo correspond therewith. Philad. 10 mo. 20, 1829. SAMUEL B. FISHER. Real Estate in Boston will be taken in payment. 2d mo. 11. 3t Catawba, and Bland's Pale Red Grape Vines. For sale a; lire Garden and Nursery of S. Uownkh, Dor- cheslcr. by Rufus Hnwe, 75 Roois Catawba Grape Vines, \ SCO Cuttings do do do \ From Rlajor J. Adium, 75 Cuiliugs true Bland's pale red, J Georgetown, D. C. also, Isabella Grape Vines, 1, 2, and 3 years old. Schuylkill, or Alexander IVIuscadel do, I and 2 years old. True Bland's Pale Red do, 1 and Z years old. Feb. 5. 3l Full Blooded Horse for Sale. The celebrated full bloodi'd horse ' Voung Eclipse' is for sale. He was four years old last May — is a fine bay, well formed and active. Eclipse is (roin a Messenger More, his grandam from the young Dey of Algiers. The owner is willing to compare him with any horse of his age that has been raised in the New England States .Many of his colts which have taken premiums at the exKbitinns, may be seen in the neighboring towns. The horse may be seea on application to Edmunu Bkownei.l, Esq. Little Comp- ton, R. I . and further information given on application at the New England Farmer office. Little Compton, Jan. 2'J, 1830. 3l Bull Calf for Sate. For sale, at Jonathan Amory's farm in Newton, a fine, well formed, promising Bull calf, two months old, deep red color, with a few white spots — sired by Mr Derby's bull Young Comet, — dam, Laura ; the following is the dam's origin. Laura — Light red, face belly and legs white, calved 26th March 1825. Got by Admiral ; Dam, a very fine Cow, by Holderness out of an excellent native Cow. Purchased while a calf of Hon. John Lowell. tf Feb. 19. Wants a place, As a farmer, to take charge of a gentleman's country seat, a young married man (without children,) who is well qualified, and can produce good recommendations ; he would be willing to make an arrangement either with or without his family. Inquire at Whitney's tavern in Charlestown. if Feb. 19. Sportsman, This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Westborough, Shrewsbury, and Worcester. Sportsman was sired by Bussorah — Dam Sportsmistress. A more particular pedigree of this horse was given in the New England Farmer, January 1, 1830. tf Feb 19. Hat Store. The Subscriber offers for sale at his store, 29 Washmglon treet, a first rale assortment of Hats, comprising all qualities, iniong which are his four dollar hats, which he recommends vilh confidence lo the public, as being a superior article at the irice. Also— Misses Black and Drab Heaver Bonnets, of the Lalest London Fasliion, elegantly trimmed. Nov. 20. tFI8 S'l'EFUKN W. OLNEY. PRICES OF COUJ^TRY PRODUCE. APPLES, best, ASHES, pot. fir;^ sort. Pearl, first sort, - BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2, BUTTEK, inspected, No. 1, new, CHEESE, new milk, Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, Genesee, - Rye, best, - GRAIN, Corn, Rye, Barley, Oats, HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, LIME. PLAISTER PARIS retails at PORK, clear, Navy, mess. Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orcluird Grass, Fowl Meadow, - Rje Grass, Tall Meadow Oats Grass, Red Top - White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) French Sngar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, lull blood, washed, - Merino, lull blood, unwashed, Mcr.no, three tourths washed, Merino, halt blood. Merino. quarter washed, Native, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Bulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spinning, first sort bushel barret. pound, barrel, bushel pound FROM 1 TO 1 75 2 25 l.iO 00 135 CO 14" 00 150 00 73 1 JO 9 25 7 75 6 75 12 5 hO 5 75 3 6-.! 9 50 8 00 7 00 5 75 6 00 3 87 63 78 62 42 8 50 90 4 00 16 m 12 50 12 50 2 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 3 (X) 1 00 50 33 8 1 60 PROVISION MARKET. COnnECTEn EVEFV week by BIR HiVWARD, (Cler/C nf Fanadl-liaU ilarkel.) REEF, best pieces, . - - . pound 8 10 PORK, fresh, best pieces, 7 8 whole hogs. " 5 6 VEAL, - ti 4 8 MUTTON, it 3 7 POULTRY, 11 6 12 BUTTER, keg and tub, - It 12 17 Lump, best. " 15 23 EGGS, riozen. 15 17 MEAL, Rye. retail. - bushel. 70 Indian, retail, ... << , 70 POTATOS, .... <.- S3 4(1 CIDER, [according tn quality,] barrel. 2 00 3 00 248 NEW KNGLAiM) FARMER. Feb. 19, 1S30. iM I S C E L, L A N I E S. LACON; OR MANY THINGS IN FEW WORDS. Tlie man whoso wonl can always bo depcniled upon, is sure to bo alwiiys honored. There is nothiiii; tnoro worthy of a man than truth ; nothing makes hitii feel so dotiiiicablc us a lie. Men often act lies without speakiii-; them. All felse appearances are lies. All .shutlliiig and pre- varication arc lies. A habit of lying in small things leads on to a habit of lying in great ; and then a man is wholly detestable. Want of punctuality is lying. Since custom is the powerful magistrate of man's life, let man, by all means, endeavor to ob- tain goai customs. To inure young |)ersons to bear patiently small injuries, is a capital branch of education ; nothing tends inor>^ effectually to secure them against great injuries. A man who gives his children habits of truth, industry, and frugality, provides for them better than by giving them a stock of money. He that follows his recreation instead of his busines.s, shall in a little time have no business to follow. Be not tem()tcd to purchase any unnecessary article by its apparent cheapness. If your means will allow it, do not buy in very small quantities, articles in constant family use, and which are not perishable. Provisions are cheap or dear according to sea- sons. A sensible man will allow nothing for lux- ries, unless bis income be beyond the reach of ac- cident. Copper vessels sliould be kept properly tinned. Be particular not to put by any vegetable liquid in saucepans of this description. Some of the leading principles in Domestic Economy may be comprised in few words. For instance : — Heady money procures the best market. Keep a minute account of every outlay, how- ever trifling. Rapid Travelling A traveller on a miserably lean steed, was hailed by a Yankee, who was hoeing his pumpkins by the roadside. — " Hallo, friend," said the farmer, " where are you bound?" " I'm going out to .settle in the western country," replied the other. " Well, get off and straddle this here pumpkin vine, — it will grow and carry yon faster than ihat-ere beast." Fiut Stud Horst For Sale. A beautiful dark bay «ud, half tilood of il.e Euglish dr, Wtii-n J well formi "<-" t^" ....hi ^earj old Uie cuiuiiig spring, it ofliicd fur »alc. II , Ifiiid io any baniess, and cam eopti Jan. IS I'ulgarisma. — Young ludies arc not always aware of the loss they sustain by inattention to correctness and elegance of speech John Hawkins was looking out for a wife, one ! sun- loal geuer, Cue tigi voung lady, otherwise attractive, ond cviikntly i'"' '" g'» f «aii»faciion. Hi< tiuck ha> 'prt»'»l »»ll«>»' a 'i • ,. ' . . , . .,. ■ • 1 , ■ blue solo at itao, Bi (our nioiilbs old. Aupiv (pott paid) desiiousol gaimng his atleclions, missed her ami J. li, Rumell, I'ublishcr of ibc New EnglaudFarmerr by hinging to him a song about " niootal love ; " and another, who was a zealous loyalist, shocked his nice ear by an culogium on the vulor of the " veterian troops." — JVoUingham Review. Lord B. who sports a ferocious pair of whiskers, meeting O'Conncl in Dublin, the latter said, " When do you mean to place your whiskers on t\\c peace tstahtishmenl .' " " When you place your tongue on the civil list," was the witty rejoinder. .Anecdote. — During the late cold weather, one of the gentlemen of Boston, who was engaged in vi- siting the poor, and sujiplying their want.s. entered one of the cellars in Broad-street, which was oc- cupied by an Irish family. In one corner of the room there was an old straw bed, in which was a little hoy, whom the mother was covering with some rugs, on the top of wliicli, she placed an olil door. " Molhcr," said the boy, " how do poor folks make out this cold weather, who havo no doors to lay on their bed ? " — Salem Observer. Tasso being told that ho had a fair opportunity of taking advantage of a very bitter enemy ; " I wish not to plunder him," said he, " but there are things I wish to take away from him ; not his ho- nor, his wealth, or his life — but his ill will." Domestic Industry. — It is stated that gloves and mittens, to the value of one hundred and thirty thoiisanil dollars annually, are made in Johnstown, Montgomery county. New York. The population of Lynn, Mass. is over .'lOOO, nearly all of whom are supported by the shoe bu- siness. From 1,000,000 to 1,400,000 pair of shoes are made annually in the town, of an average va- lue of 76 cents per pair, making nearly $1,000,- 000. The females of the town earn more than §60,000 annually, in binding and ornameniing shoes. There is a chocolate manufactory in Lynn, which makes si.xty tons of chocolate in a year. The Lynn fishermen at this time bring in 6000 pounds of fish daily. Locke on Cards. — To a spectator of a card table, the insipid conversation of whist i)laycrs is man- ifest, proverbial and disgusting. The following anecdote is related in the recently published life of John Locke, and illustrates the feeling which probably is experienced by most persons who are mere lookers-on of the game : — One day three or four noblemen, the Duke of Buckingham, Lord Ilalifa.v, and others, came into Lord Ashley's, where the pbilosopherthen resided. After some compliments, cards were introduced, before scarcely any conversation had passed be- tween them. Mr Locke looked on for some time while they were at play, and then, taking his pock- et book, began to write with great attention. At length one of them had the curiosity to ask him what he was writing. " My lord," said he, " 1 am endeavoring to profit, as fur as I am able, in your company ; for, having waited with impatience for the honor of being in an assembly of the greatest geniuses of the age, and having at length obtain- ed this good fortune, I thought I could not do bet- ter than write down your conversation ; and, in- deed, I have set down the substance of what has been said this hour or two." Mr Lorkc had no occasion to read much of what he hud written ; those noble jiersons saw the ridicule, and endeav- ored to ini|>rove the jest; for, instantly quitting their play, they entered into rational conversation, and spent the remainder of the evening in a man- ner suitable to their character. The citizens of Vermont continue zealous in their efforts to obtain a Rail Road from their state to Boston. They propose to pass it through \'er- moiit to Lake ('hanqilain, and even to extend it to Ogdcnsbiirg, in New York. Hemp Seed. For tale at the Scvd Store ronnecU'd with the Kcw Engia Kiitmer, 5", Nnrili Alarkel Sirtei, ,\ few bushels of pr. me Heinij Seed, for sowing, growih JH-'J. (raised whollv from the ceicbrate«i \'ereeune» seed, \%b 0,1 53 per busbeT) li is a small lot ofuncnminuDK f quctlrty, and farmers who are turning their atleuiiou lo tt.V c lorn of ibis profitable ;jlani. can secure excellcni teed, ui per bushel, if applied for soon. if Jan. 16 Gardener Wanted. The subscriber wishes in employ a gardener wbouudersiai f^- liis profession, and can produce saiisfaciory rccouimeudaiK pcrmancni employ aiid good encourAgemeui will be giveu. pticaiioii may be made ai 348, Waibineioii-sireei. Hc«inii. Jan. 8. If TllOMAS RREWKR. Powder at 2* per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality Wjirranlcd, for sale CopelantVs Ammunitifm Store, 65 Hroad tt, at retail. A SHOT, CAPS, &c. o( the Lett qualiiy— cheap for cash. Gleditschia triacanthos Seed. lYr sale at Ibe Seed i-inre conuecled with ihe New E land Farmer, oi, Norili .Markei-sircci, A lew pounds of fresh seed of ihe genuine ^/fc/t/icAia friar thns, or Ibrce tbonicd Acacia, for live fences. This is ihe recommcMded by Judge UiEL, (in the New England Fan for Dec. 11. page l&i,) who has several thousand plants ^r ing, as the best plant thai can be cultivaird in ibis country hcilgcs; of very rapid growth, long and abundant ihoms, of bard and strong wood. if Jan. i Black Currant If'ine. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse. 3J North M^ir street, A few dozen bottles of superior old Black Curraut \\ made l>y a gentleman in this vicinity ; an account of its asi ^ent and detergent properties in various complaints, am. i licularly Ihe Sore Throat will bo (ound in the New Engl I-'armcr, vol. v. page 2t>7, written by SamijEL W, 1'ohlk Esq. and the late Doci. John G. Com*. Price 75 cis. botile, — also, a few bottles of old White Dutch Currant W price 50 cents per Ixiiile. if Jan. K 1>. Mr Nathaniel Dodge of Barrc, Vt. lately killed three hofj.s, 21 months old, which weighed when dres,scd 1097 pounds. Sugar Beet, tfc. For sale at the Seed Store connected wiih the New Engl Farmer, 3'^, North .Market.street, 100 pounds prime French Sugar Beet Seed, raise a 6ne root for the table when di awn young and lender. It k. later and belter in the spring than Aiangel Wurtzel. Al^ most extensive collection and variety of GarJen, Field Flower .Seeds. Peas. Beans, Ac, both of Europedn and A ricau growth, comprising ihc greatest variety to be (ouii. New EngJand. Cuunlry dealers supplied oii the inoM li! terms, cither with well assorted boxes for retail— or by pound or bushel. Jan. 29. tf fVants a Situation, As gardener, a steady, aclire young man, who is perfr acquainted w-itti every department of ibe business, paniculi hot bouses and green houses, and Ihe irentment of trees vines in general ; has a wife, but no children ; will hire b self as A single man. and fiis wife to live with the family, o anv oiher form which ■.\v answer, according to arraiigenK will take charge of a farm and garden if rc<|iiire.l. and give the most respectable reference in the vicinitv of Itns Any commands directed lo G. F. No, 9, Devonshire .-ir rear of the Excbuugo CotTee house, Rosion, will bo rfspectfi ntlenled lo. • 3t Jan. i: Published every Friday, at 53 l'*r annum, payable ni end of the year— but ihose who pay within sixty ilnys fr^m time of subscribing, are entitled lo ii deduction ol fifn reuis Uj" No paper will be sent to a distance without pin nicui ing made in advance. Printed for J. H. Rvssr.Li., by I. R Huttj — by »1 all descriptions of Printing can be executed to nieei ibe wi of customers. Ordersfor printing received by J. H. Rrssi at the Agricultural Warehouse No. •'i! Nor'tb MaiLetSi AOKJITS. JVne Ynri—0 Tiiorbiiim & Son, C7 l.iberlv-slrcet. Philadrlphut-U. Si C L«M>KrTii. 83 ChcMuul. street. Baltimert—G . H. Smith. Office of the American Farmer. /(/(utii;— Hill Jr«sit Itvvi. fTiu/iin^. A' I'. Wm PkimkvV Sons. Prop. I.in. Rot Gui //>lr(/ril 30, 1827,* is as follows:— 4 tons barley cut green, at $16 per ton $64,00 4 ' hay S20 ' 80,00 3 ' rowen $18 ' 54,00 U ' millet $8 ' 12,00 Corn fodder valued at 260,00 80 bushels corn at 90 cts per bushel 72,00 potatoes 42 ' 903,04 carrots 33 ' 108,90 mangel wurtzel, 33 ct.s ' 99,00 turnips, at 16 " ' 48,00 beets, 50 ' 170,50 JOG cabbages, at 4 cts each 72,00 162 530 $00 too « HI •See N. E. Farmer, vol. v. p. 380. Amount brought up $1948,44 Peas, Beans, small vegetables, ;ind fruit sold and consunicd in the house, about 500,00 Piofits on the pmchnse and slaughter of Beef, Profits on the Piggery, $4062,67 The prices of many articles of produce, as ap- pear above, must have been very high. The ar- ticle of Corn fodder is rated at 260 dollars. We suppose it must have been used for soiling — the profits of the beef and swine ought not to be teckoned at the full amount ; if, as is probable, though the fact is not stated, they were jtept and fattened upon some of the produce credited as above to the farm. The sum of $500, credited to the farm on account of peas, beans, &c, &c, is we su pposo by estiiuatiou ; so it appears, and, perhajis, is not overstated, though it varies from this year's estimate. Let us look next at the account of the Salem Alms-house for years 1817-18 and 19. In the year 1817 about eighteen acres of land \*'ere broken up, the produce of which was as fol- lows : — Pork raised 4391 lbs., of which 2000 lbs. sold for $280. Turnips 1000 bushels, Potatoes 2700 All the summer vegetables used in the house. in 1818 about thirtyfive acres were cultivated. Produce as follows : — Pork killed, weight 7960 lbs. 12 live pigs sold for $42, On hand, 57 ])igs, Corn 400 bushels. Potatoes 2250 < Turnips 900 ' Three tons squashes, Fifiy ' i)umpkins, Aiid all the summer vegetables necessary for the Alms-house. "In 1819 fourteen acres more of land were bro- ken up and cultivated, and about the same quan- tity laid down to barley and grass ; so that the acres of land actually in tillage were nearly the same this year as the last." "the barley groimd must be considered tillage, certainly, if included in this year's crops. Produce for 1819-— Pork already killed 9012 lbs. 28 hogs to be killed this season, and will now (when this account w^s given) average over 250 lbs. A few live pigs sold when small, 73 live pigs, on hand to be kept over, now average over 170 lbs. each, Corn raised 325 bushels, Barley ' 235 < Potatoes' 3138 ' Onions ' 225 ' Turnips ' 250 ' Pumpkins raised, 48 tons. Squashes raised, 22 tons, Broom Corn sufficient' to make one lumdred dozen of brooms. Beets, carrots, cabbages, &c, sufficient for the winter, and all summer vegetables in abundance. The farm has superior advantages \'ox collecting manure from the sen, rock weed, sea weed, and nuiscle bed in the greatest abundance. To the above, I have the pleasure to subjoin the accoimt of this fiirm for the present year, which I have recently received, and which exhib- its most honorable results. " The following is the amount of jiroduce raised iqion the Salem Alms-house Farm during the year 1829, the same being as near the quantity jiroduced as can be ascertained without actual weighing and riieiisuring." 75 tons of English hay, 3 ' salt^iay, 600 bushels corn, 4000 ' potatoes, 200 ' barley, 500 ' turjiips, 200 ■ ' boots, 600 ' onions, 100 ' carrots, 50 ' peas in pod, 30 • beans do, 10 tons squashes, 10 ' pumpkins, 300 dozen cabbages, 200 lbs. Evveet niarjorum, 300 ' sage, 200 ' balm and other herlw, 40 ' frurden seeds, various sorts, 50 bushels cucutubers, 3 tons melons, 100 bushels radishes, Broom corn for 12 dozen brooms, 500 roots celery, - 300 fowls, 11600 lbs. pork, 10 calves, 200 cords manure, Apjiles, ])hmis, ])eaches, cherries, &c, but few — say 10 bushels. Stock kept upon the farm, — Oxen, average number 10 Cows ' ' 10 Horses 2 Bull 1 Hogs of all ages, 80 '35 acres of ground were cultivated, 50 ' ' ' mowed. This farm contains now probably about 110 acres, several of which being ledge, is incapable of cul- tivation. We come next to the accounts of some private establishments, which have been given to the pub- lic, and which we deem highly creditable to the intelligent and successful cultivators, w hose names they bear. John Prince, Esq. of Ko.xbury, reported to the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, in 1821, the following amount of vegetables for consump- tion on his farm, and was honored with their pre- mium. The quantity, however, he states, is much smaller than he had the jireceding season. 250 NEW ENGLAND FAIIAIER, Feb. 26, 1830. 800 hill-s of Hummer squashes, wliicli yiel.leJ uiiil Im.s n handsome stock kft. lit has hired but three iiioiilh3' lubor duriri'' the season.* hirgely. 656 bushels niaiij^el nurlzel, 400 ' carrot.-), 537 ' rutu baga, 745 ' potatoes, besides early ones used during' the season, 15 bushels sweet potatoes, 37 ' Russian radish, 400 ' Turnips, Cabbages, a considerable nuantity. Messrs Tristram anury, reported the following amount of crops in 1824, to the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, and were honored with thoir i)reniiiiin. The produce from 10 acres of tillage laud is as follows, viz. — 230 bushels of Indian Corn, 40 ' barley, 12 tuns English hay, 25 ' millet, 400 bushels potatoes, 1500 ' beets and mangel wurtzel, 920 ' turnips, 150 ' onions, About 2 tons of cabbages and squashes, togeth- er with a variety of esculents common to farms in general. In 1825 tlie Massachusetts Agricultural Socie- ty's premium was conferred on E. IIkrsev Der- BV, Esq. of Salem for the greatest quantity of vegetables raised for consumption on liis farm on about 14 acres of land. The following is his fitatement : — Cabbages at 56 lbs. per bushel Pumpkins, 7 ox-cart loads, Potatoes, Mangel wurtzel. Sugar beets, Russian rakins 2 tons. In 1822 as follows : — English hay 30 tons, Oats fur fodder 4 ' Wet meadow hay 7 ' Barley for fodder 3 ' Indian corn 150 bushels, Potatoes 300 ' Onions 150 ' Carrots 90 ' Turnips 150 ' Cabbages 30 dozen. While beans 7 bushels, Green peas for Market 50 bushels. Summer a|>|)!es 150 bushels. Winter apples 600 ' Pork 2000 lbs. Pumpkins 4 tons. He kejit at this time no particular account of dairy, but in the year 1825, the whole amount butter obtained by him in six months, from I cows, carefully and highly fed, wa,j 1U3SA poui or nearly 208 pounds to a cow. The next statement to which we shall refer, that of William Tuirlow, in West Newbu He has 150 acres — 31 of which are mowing 1 tijjnn-e 26 acres of meadow, 8 of which is . marsh. The produce of the mowing and tilli in 1828 is as follows: — 262i bushels Indian corn, 106 ' wheat, 340 ' potatoes, 73 ' onions, 35 tons English hoy, 39 ' Meadow buy, including salt marsh. The produce of his orchard on an average the last eight or ten years (1828) has been fr 5 to 600 barrels of Winter apples, and 50 ban of Cider. The produce of bis dairy the present seas (1828) from 12 cows has been — Butter, upwards of 400 pounds, Cheese ' '3000 Cash paid for labor from Nov. 1st 1827 to .N 1st 1828, is $127. We add to these the statement of Rev. Mr A LE.v of Peiiibroke, I'lymonih County, rcspecti the iiroduee of his farm of about forty acre the year 1827, a small farm, which "a few >ei Ogo, it is sluteil, yielded little else than brier: thorns." His English hay is estimiited at $12 | ion, — potatoes at 25 els per bushel, — corn at J We give the result, allowing $50 fur his o\\ peiiutendance. Farm Cr. $878,14, amount of produce. Hr. 441,12, expenses, &:e, &c. h-'.- Itor Balance $437,02* I am fully aware, Mr Editor, that in the \ic\ of gcnllenien, who are accustomed to deal in thi ' Soo N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. p. 161. Vol.VIIT.— No. 3-2. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 251 ~~ jusands and tens of thousands, ail these state- ;nts must appear as very small matters. The ins of Agriculture, especially in New Enirland, lero we cannot be said to have any large farms, .ist always be small ; yet if farming did no more an to pay its expenses, and yield a reasonable, 3ugh humble equivalent for the labor bestowed, e liealtli, the pleasure, the independence, the nstant and innocent employment which it brings th it, the many cheap luxuries, which are found on tlie farmer's table, and wliich are the sweet- as being the product of his own labor, its ad- ntages for rearing a family in habits of labor d self-dependence, and its innumerable, favor- le and deliglitful satisfactions to a grateful and JUS mind, must be set oft" against the innumera- ; hazards of speculation and trade, and the rplexities and embarrassments of commercial [lublic life. I fear I have already extended my conimuni- tion to too great a length ; but I have in my ssession, the accurate accounts of a very intelli- nt farmer, for ten years, ending with 1820, len the markets were much better than at pre- iit, who, having retired from commercial pur- its, returned to the quiet satisfactions and health- I labors of his youth in the country ; and has ere given an example of good conduct and od management, of an industrious, frugal, use- I, honorable, and rational life, which does him )re honor than all the mere splendor of wealth, political distinction could bestow. I should of- i id his modesty by any allusion by which his me should be recognised ; and I shall give, !refore, only the general residts of his agricul- al operations. He has twentyfive acres of land under cultiva- I n, and five acres of salt marsh, together with I vood lot sufficient to supply his family. For ten illi ars (it will be remembered that i)roduce was icb higher then than it now is,) though he kept market cart, his annual sales averaged $869,37 le supplies received from his farm for the use of his family, at a fair esti- mation, or as he would have been obliged to pay for them, must be put down at 454,00 rJ $1323,37 n|it of this deduct the annual average expenses allowing nothing for his own labor and superintendance 638,30 Balance $757,07 This farm has great advantages from its vicinity a good market, and a considerable quantity of lit grown upon it. I shall oidy add the account of another farmer Pennsylvania, in the neighborhood of Philadel- ia, who was formerly engaged in mercantile siness, but being unfortunate, be retired into 3 country. His accounts indicate extraordinary ,11 and good management, and the sanguine »ht to be cautioned against being deluded by exaiii[>le of success, which few, very few, can pect to realize. The following is tlie account of the produce of "arm near Philadelphia, owned by John Lo- IJS.* The first is the statement of the crops of the ni, when lie purchased it of Mr Shriver. Lorain's Husbandry, p. 321. Statement of Mr Shriver's crops in 64 acres — 242.J bushels oats at 43 cents, 12i ■' wheat, barley, and oat tailings mixed, sold for 197i bushels potatoes at 50 cts, 3&I ' wheat $1,75, 5i ' buckwheat 50 cts, 9" tons bay at $17,50 5 ' corn fodder at $8, 226i bushels rye at 80 cts, 155 ' barley 90 cts, 250 ' Indian corn at 60 cts, 8 acres rented to a widow lady, with the old farm house, &c, 2i acres rented to a negro man, with a small house, 31i acres in pasture, woods, yards, roads, &c, $104,27 5,83 88,50 64,31 2,75 157,50 40,00 181,20 139,50 150,00 100,00 106 acres, $1063,02 Statement of Mr Lorain's crops in 1811, five years after purchasing the farm of Mr Shriver. 13i acres, — "277 bushels of wheat at $1,75 $484,75 25 tons of superior stubble crop hay at $7,50, 187,50 15 acres — 1086 bushels Indian corn at 60 cts, 651,60 196 ' barley 90 ' 176,40 23 tons corn fodder $8,00 184,00 1^ acre — 263 bushels potatoes 50 cts, 131,50 56^ acres — 130 tons hay $17,50 2275,00 Received for soiling horses 72,35 Sundries sold at market 37,10 20 acres in roads, gardens, woods, &c. nearest to that which appears to me would be pro- per for your climate, is denominated here " Plant- ing from the Sprout," an account of which you will find in the 2d volume of the Southern Agri- culturist. There are two Bommunications on the subject in that volume. My time will not permit me, at present, to enter into any details relative to their management, — but should you at any time wish for information on this subject, I will with pleasure answer any queries you may propose. Permit me to remark before I close, that the difliculty which you experience in preserving your seed through the winter arises, in part, from an improper selection. The potatoes pioduced from the shoot proceeding inmiediately from the set, are much more liable to rot, than those produced from the Vine. Our seed is always taken from the crop produced hn planting the Vine. Were your farmers to adopt this plan, that is of |>lanting out a small patch of lines for this express purjiose — [lerhaps they might be enabled to preserve them better, although the severity of your winters will always prove injurious to them ; but if they can be preserved at all, I would certainly recommend tht.t those produced from the Vine shouM be cho- sen in preference to any other. Yours, respectfully, J. D. LEGARE. 106 acres, $4200,20 This, it will be admitted, is a most extraordina- ry and flattering result. The experiment was fa- vored, doubtless, not by good management merely, but by good prices and a very fertile soil. We have, perhaps, nothing in New England which can promise such results as this ; yet our own soil with good management may be made to yield a fiiir recompense for the labor bestowed. We have yet to learn, as has ofien been remarked, "what a well and thoroughly cultivated acre will produce." The above statements, when viewed together, will, I think, be examined with interest by the agricultural part of the community, espe- cially as I have confined myself to facts and au- thentic statements ; and, instead of showing what may be, have shown what has l)uen done. The best Bank among us is a Bank of rich earth ; and he tha^t has a Share* in this, and looks well after it, may be always sure of an honest, if not a liberal dividend. S. X. Feb. 16, 1830. [i. e plough-share.] SEED OF THE SWEET POTATO. [Extract of a letter from J. D. Legare, Esq. Editor of the Southern Afjiiculturist, Charleston, S. C. to the Publisher of the New England Farmer.] I cannot believe that any serious difficulty exists, to the cultivation of the Sweet Potato among your farmers. But the culture must differ mate- rially from that pursued by us, where our summers are long. The culture which approaches the Culture of Silk. — The Committee on Domestic Manufactures of the Essex Agricultural Society, speak highly of this culture as capable of furnish- ing a staple in this northern country. — Mulberry trees flourish here, and wherever they flourish silk worms flourish too. $10,000,000 worth of silk is imported annually into the United States. Five towns in Connecticut produced silk in one season to the value of $20,000 ! Sewing silk has been manufactured in Arkansas which is pronounced decidedly superior in point of strength, to the Italian. Tlie worms which produced the material were fed on the leaves of the common forest mulberry. Brighton Makket.— Monday, Feb. 22. (Reporled for the Chronicle aud Patriot.) At market this day, 226 Beef Cattle, 107 Stores, 360 Sheep and 349 Swine — divided as follows: upper market, 136 Beef Cattle, 13 Stores, 360 Sheep, and 19 Swine unsold last week ; — lower market, 90 Beef Cattle, 94 Stores, and 330 Swine. Notwithstanding the unusually limited number of Beef Cattle at market today, business seemed to drag and sales went off" rather heavily, occa sioned by an attempt on the part of the drovers to raise the price full 50 cents per cwt. which was met by the purchasers with an obstinate and de- termined ojiposition. The Cattle however were all taken, and at an advance of about 25 cts per cwt. on former prices. Store Cattle dull — Milch Cows exceedingly so — we believe that Store Cattle can be purchased as low now as at any time last fall. Sheep — Very little business done in the Sheep Market today — of the small number at market, upwards of 100 were not sold — we know not from what cause — all the sales we noticed were these :~1 lot of 50 at $2 25 and 1 do of 92 at $2 10 per head. Swi}\e — The only important transaction in the Swine trade today was the entire lot at Lower Market at $2 37^ iier head — calculated the ave- rage weight to be from 65 to 70 lbs. each. 252 WEW ENGLAND FARMER, Feb. 26, 1830. LIBRARV OK rsKFlLi KXOWI-EDGE. ICanlitiud /rtmptgt fiH.] CHAPTER 111. UlSTORV OF THE ENGLISH HORSE. Willi Williaiii llie Conqueror, came a murkcd irnproveiiiuiit in tlie Hiitisli liorsc. Tii liis !y racing against one another — " When a race is to he run by this sort of horses nnd perhaps by others, which also in their kinrses; and cd'sucli Iniporlance did he conceive this addition to the English, or rather mingled blood, then existing, lliat formal n|i(>lication was made to the kings of France ami Spain to grant safe conduct to the Iroop. When they had sately arrived at the royal stud, it was computed that they had cost ibe monarch no le.ss (liiiii ihirlccn pounds six sbil- lings anil eight pence per hor.se, equal in value to one hundred and sixty pounds of our present money. Tills monarcb had many running-horses. The precise meaning of the tcriii is not, however, cl It might be light and speedy horses, in uppo>iii e to the war-horse, or those (hat were literally u fur (he pur|H).se of racing. The average pri of these running-horses was twenty marks, three pounds six shillings and eight pence. I' ward was devoted (o the sports of the turf or t field, or he began to see the propriety of crossi our stately and heavy breed with those of u ligli structure and greater speed. There was, however, one impediment to il woich was not fiir a very long period remov. The soldier was cased in heavy armor. The knij with all his accoutrements, often rode more th twentyfive stone. No little bulk and gtreii{ were required in the animal destined to cui this back-breaking weight. When the musi was substituted fiir the cross-bow and batde-^ and (his iron defence, cumbrous (o the we.n and des(ruc(ive (o (he horse, was useless, and 1 aside, the iniprovemeiit of the British horse in ality commenced. While Edward was thus eager to avail hims of fiireign blood, wi(h (he too frequent selfishn of the sportsman, he would let no neighl share in the advantage. The exportation horses was forbidden under very heavy penall One case in which he relaxed from bis sever is mentioned, when he permitted a German m chant to re-export some Flanders horses wlii he bad bought on speculation ; but he was siric forbidden to send them to Scotland. Nay, jealous were these Sister kingdoms of each otli« prosperity, that so la»c as the time of Eli/.abe it was fi lony to export horses from England Scotland. The English horse was advancing, alihod slowly, to an equality with, or even su|)erior over (hose of neighboring countries. His va began (o be more generally and highly estimat and his price rapidly increased — so much so, (I breeders and the dealers, (hen, as now, skil in imposing on the inexperienced, obtained fr many of our young grandees enormous prices them. This evil ma-.'iiified to such an extc that Richard II. (13SG) interfered to regulate a detcrniinc the inice. The procliiniation which issued is interesting, not only as proving the creased value of the horse, but shewing wl were, four hundred and fifiy years ago, ainl wl are, still, the chief breeding districts. It w.is i dered (o be published in the counties of Liner and Cambridge, and the East and North Ridin of Vorkshire ; and the price of the horse » restricted ccii determined fiirmer sovereigns. A more enlightened poli has a( length banished all such ab-iird in(erfere CCS widi agricuhurc and rnmmeree. We can now collec( but little of the history the horse until the reign of Henry VII., at I) close of the fifteenth centuiy. He co.itinncd prohibit the export;i(ion of sdillions, liu( al!owi that of mares when more than two years ol and under thu value of six shillings and eig pence. This regulation was, however, easi evaded, for if a mare could he found wor inoni than six shillings and eight pence, si might be freely exported on (ho payment of (h sum. {To ht amtmutd nfxt toetl ] Il appears that in Pciiiisylvanln (he estim.ilc price of pHs.sngo in a car on a Railway is ahoi 13 cents for forty miles, exclusive of (oil. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. FLOWERS. I'iIMr Fessenden— In all ages and countries. Flowers ve been universally cherished and admired as the orna- E :nts and delight of the vegetable, as are their prototypes, ;he animal kingdom. The fondest titles, the most ardent pressions of attachment, and the lovely qualities of each, e been reciprocally bestowed upon the preeminent of ;h realms. The Rose of Sharon, the Violet, and the ' ''' ly of the Valley, have become the consecrated em- tms of female excellence ; while the rclined and en- >• attributes of woman, furnish the names, or re distinction, to those interesting favorites, who throng ; brilliant court of Flora. We may ask, in the eloquent language of the enthusi- ic BouRSAULT, " Who does not love Flowers ? They btllish our gardens; they give a more brilli.,int lustre 3ur fcstiv.ils ; they are the interpreters of our atTeotions our relatives and friends ; they are the testimonials of • gratitude ; we present them to those to whom we are der obligations; they are often necessary to the pomp of r religious ceremonies, and they seem to associate and j, ngle their perfumes, with the purity of our prayers, ' il the homage which we address to the Almighty. — appy are those who love them and cultivate them." The ancients paid particular attention to the culture of owers. They were in great request at the entcrtain- ;nt3 of the wealthy, for adorning the apartments, as II as the participants of the feast ; they were scattered fore the triumphal chariots of victorious generals; they placed upon the tombs of the illustrious and be- ^ed, to perpetuate the pleasing, yet mournful remiuis- nces of their virtues; they foimed the distinguishing iignia of many of the divinities of mythology; they tter as gems in the diadems of the seasons, and consti- te the mystical language of poetry. We are informed that Descartes prosecuted, with ual ardor, astronomy and the culture of flowers, and en retired from his celestial ob.servations, to study the ! ep and floration of his plants, before the rising of the I n. The great Conde, returning from the dangers and | ories of the battle fiehl, devoted his leisure hours to cultivation of his flower-garden ; and so enamored was ' ord Bacon with these silent, yet eloquent and soothing impanions, that the vase ol flowers was daily renewed his table, while composing the volumes of his sub- ne philosophy. In the cities of Europe, flower markets for the sale of juquets and of ornamental plants, in all the stages of their :owth, are as common as those for fruits and culinary gelables. If in this New World, these delicate daugh- rs of the sun have not received that zealous attention, hich has ever marked the progress of civilization, it ust be recollected, that the arts, sciences, and lileralure e their cheering harbingers, and beneficent patrons ; id that the same adverse circumstances, which have re- rded their progress, have had an equally deleterious fluence on all the r mbellishments of society. But, at st, an increasing taste for floriculture, is rapidly ex- uding throughout the land. Philadelphia and New orkxan now boast of their maits of flowers, and it is tnfidently believed, that Boston will soon aflbrd her eekly exhibitions of native and exotic plants, to adorn ,e saloons of the affluent, and the happy apartments of ,e industrious. As some of the superb varieties of the Chinese Chry- nthemums have been lately introduced into this coun- y, and claim the eager and merited attention of the nateurs and cultivators of flowers, the enclosed Extract 1 the mode of propagating them may be acceptable. The numerous species of the Chrysanthemum, hithcito known, were natives of the Southern parts of Europe, the northern coast of Africa, and the Levant ; and al- though several of them were very generally admitted into the parterres and borders of ornamented grotmds, and to add variety among the plants of the green house, they have been compelled to give precedence to the more captivating charms of these oriental queens. The Chrysanthemum Indicum, or C/jmoise, is a na- tive of China, where it is highly esteemed, and a great many varieties have been produced. They employ it to decoiate their houses and tables, on festive occasions, and it is a favorite ornament of their furniture and porcelain. But, although this magnificent plant has been long culti- vated in the East, it was not brought to Europe till 1795, when it flowered, for the first time, in the collection of Mr CoLviLL, a nurseryman at Chelsea. It appears, that befors.JS28, only twentyseven varie- ties were known in France, but the list has been recently extended to foi tyfour, as three complete collections have been procured in England, from the celebrated gardens of Young, Colvill, andMxcKAY. The catalogue, at the close of the Extract, contains all the kinds, except five, which have been introduced into Europe. With assurances of respect. Your obedient servant. Brinley Place, \ H. A. S. DEARBORN. Feb. 17, 1830. ) EXTRACT SO. V. From the Annales D'Horticulture. On (he Chrysanthemums of China, by M. Le Clie- valier SouLANGE ISodin. The Clirysantlieiminis of China are tlie oina- iiient of the green huiise, ami the grove ; they produce a very beautiful efltct, when tliey are trained against a wall, facing the south or east; they then bloom sooner, and if the training is well managed, this little espalier presents, in aiitiiniii,a brilliant curtain of curiously intermingled colors. Di.uposed with taste, in large baskets,* on the lawns of a picturesque garden, they enliven the autumnal scenery, and continue to display their blossoms above the first flights of snow. It is one of the plants which is most worthy of beiiig introduced in great masses, in magnificent gardens; and especially a little to the south and west of Paris, where they can be easily multiplied. Slips planted in sand readily strike root, and tliis may be done at all seasons of the year. When the florists are enahleil to accelerate the blooming of Chrysanthemums, they will derive a great profit from them ; for they can then be used in decor.iting the saloons during a part of the year. We think, to insure success, instead of placing them under simple frames, the interior of which being always humid and obscure, disposes the stalks to shoot up slender, it is better to put them in a well aired, light, warm, and ilry green house; but not to jilace them there until tlie stalks have passed not only the herbaceous to the suh-lignus istate, hut are actually furnished with ( buds; we have made the experiment with the! varieties, 13 and 14, — -Jlammeum and tubulosuml j-oscjim, during the summer (if 1826. The stalks of our plants were straight, vigorous, am! orna- mented with a beautiful foliage ; the flowers were brilliant, perfectly developed, volnmiuous, and much more elegant than in the open air; the tints became more distinct and more delicate, and the petals had acquired a greater transparency. This experiment seems to point out the best pro- cess to be followed, for forcing Chrysanthemums with success. Besides, it is very near that which has been adojited by the English gardeners ; — they plant their slips in the month of August, using the . lateral stalks of the plant, which are placed under bell glasses, in a dry, but shady sit- uation ; in about six weeks, they are put into pots, and kept in a warm place until November, and during the winter are jirotccted by glass frames. In the month of April following, they are removed into much larger pots, and the plants remain all the summer in a warm and sheltered situation. They are then often watered, and the stalks are secured to supports. The flower buds are well formed, towards the commencement of October, when the plants are placed in temperate green houses. There, as much air as possible is given to them, when the weather will permit, but they are protected by the glass from the wind, rain and cold. The Chinese gardeners bestow still greater at- tention to this cultme, and the cultivators of Lon- don are beginning to imitate them. They place their slips in the shade, as we do, bnt it is done in the month of May ; they are put into very small pots, and when well rooted, they are re- moved to others of a larger size, in which they are carefully cultivated until autumn. Besides gaining a year by this process, the jilants are covered with more abundant and greener leaves ; they are shorter, better rooted, and in every re- spect more pleasing. To increase the size of the blossom, the buds are pinched off" as they ajipear, leaving but five, or three, and often only one. They also nourish tl'.eir plants with liquid manure, and the blossoms thus acquire a corolla three in- ches in diameter. When Chrysanthemums are cultivated in the ground, either distant from, or near a wall, or in conservatories, they should be renewed every two years; otherwise their numerous suckers exhaust them, and injure, very materially, the blossoms. * Small groups of flowers may be arranged on grass plots, neady enclo-ed in wicker work frames, or baskets, — or in circular beds, surrounded by cast-iron, made to resemble ihe opfn edges of a basket and painted dark graen. — Loudon's Enc. Gardening. Catalogue of Chin ese ChrysarUhtmums. 1. Purpureum, Old purple. 2 Variabile, Changeable white. 3. Tuhiilosutn album, Quilled white. 4 Superhuni, Superli white. 5. Tessellatem, Tasselled white. 6. Tiibulosum luteuin, Quilled yellow. 7. Sidphureuin, Straw-colored. 8. Aureutn, Golden Yellow. 9. Discolor, Large lilac. 10. Lilacinum, Pink, or Lilac. 11. Cuprcum, Buft', or Copper-coI'd. 12. Fidvum, Spanish brown. 13. Flamtiieum, Quilled flame yellow. 14. Tubulosum roseum, Quilled jiink. 15. Atropurpureum, Early crimson. 16. Atuaiitiacum, Large quilled orange. 17. Expansum, Expanded light purple. 18. Piirpurasccns, Quilled light purple. 19. Iiivoliitum, Curled lilac. 20. F\isciculatum, Superb clustered yellow 21. Tubulosum carneum, Semi-double quiU'd pink. 22. Album semi-duplex, ' ' < white. 23. Tubulosum Auran- ? ' ' ' orange. tiacum. 254 N i: W I] N C; LA N [) FA K M K II, I VI.. 2G, 1S30. 24. Serotiiiuiii, 25. Saliiioiieum, 26. Parvuliiin, 27. Pupyraiteuiii, 28. Pnlluluin, 29. Clirysocomuni, 30. Warraluli, 31. Snbini, 32. Chrysoidep, 33. Parkii, 34. Pallens, 35. Staiiiiiicuni, 36. IMutabile, 37. Bicolor, 38. Ver.sicolor, 39. Stcllutiim, 40. Oriiatum, 41. Fulvcscetis, 42. R'.ibicuniluin, 43. Bluiicltiin, 44. Deucaiitliiitii, Late pule purple. Quilled 8al(nun-col'd. Small yellow. Paper ulillc. I'alc pink. Tnsselled yellow. Ytllow wiuratali. Gulden Iritus. Double Indian yellow. Parks small yellow. D'ble (flM jiale orange. Pale but]'. Chnngeablo pale buff. Two-eolored inrurned. Two-roloreil red. Starry purple. Tassclled lilac. Brown |iurplc. Early blu^^ti. Blush. Double Indian white. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FKIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1830. roR THE NEW ENOI.AND I'ARMER. MUSHROOMS. Mr Fessenden — I am not aware that niucli attention lias been devoted to the cultivation of the vegetable named at the head of this articio, in this section of l!io country, although some at- tempts have been made in one or more of the Southern States, but with what success I nm not informed. The mode of constructing the beds, the collect- ing of the spawn, or originating it, and of propa- gating from it, are described with much particu- larity by Loudon, in his Encyclopedia of Garden- ing, and in Fessenden's New American Gardener, as well as by McMahon, in his treatise upon the same subject. It was my intention to have transcribed from these works, some of the directions in relation to the culture of the Mushroom, for the benefit of those who might he disposed to attempt it. But to do justice to the subject, and to place before your readers all the directions needful to a complete understanding of the manner of preparing the materials, to the formation and spawning of the beds, or of originating the spawn, I find would occupy much time and labor that may be dis- pensed with, and you can make such seleciioiis from these works as you may deem requisite, and thereby confer a particular favor upon the public at large, and the writer in particular. My attention has recently been directed to this .•subject by a highly respected anil accomplished amateur Horticulturist, who.se cultivated taste in- duces, and whose affluent circumstances uflurd him the means, of extending the blessings of Hor- ticulture. In a letter received from him, he re- marks, '•There is one production of the Garden which is much, I may say, wholly neglected here, (New York) and I hope you may have successfidly attcmpteil it, to Hlimulate us. I mean the Mush- room. 1 made the alli'mpt this fall, hut I could procure no spawn that was good from the nurserv men here, and the privaie gardens are destitute of it. The same disappiiinln.eiit I met with in Phila- delphia. This luxury has biciinie vimv common in Europe, anil a recommendation in ilie New j England Farmer, as on all occasions, would be well received here." .Mushrooms may be produced without planting the spawn, or, as it is termed, without spawning the beds. The President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society caused a bed to be prepared and planted with asparagus roots. It was com- posed of horse manure, that had lain two or three years in heaps, the bed was made as such usually are, for such a purpose. One single shoot of as- paragus only appeared to reward his labor, but In the autumn the whole surface of the bed was co- vered with nmshroorns, and the supply was abun- dant for the whole season. The method recom- mended by Loudon for raising this vegetable, without planting the spawn, is more simple than is the preparation of the bed for the raising of asparagus. He observes, " after having laid a floor upon the surface of the ground, of ashes, stone chips, gravel, or hrick-bat.s, so as to keep the ground ipiite dry and free from under damp, lay a course of horse dro[ipiiigs, r.ew from the stable, si.\ inches thick. Tlicy must not be broken, and the drier they are the better. They may be collected every day if your stable does not fur- nish enough at once to complete the first layer of the above thickness. But they must not bo allow- ed to feriTieiitor heat. The bed should be ex[)osed to the air as much as possible while making up, hut carefully defended from wet if out of doors, or it may be nuule in a cellar, or under a shed. When the first course is quite dry, and supposed to be past a state of fermentation, cover it with two inches of light dry earth. If sandy so much the better. It is immaterial whether it be rich or not, the oidy use of the earth being for the spawn to run en mass in. Then lay another course of droppings and earth over as before, when it has fermented. Then a third in like manner, and the bed is completed. It should be a little rounded in order that it may not be more wet or moist in the centre than on its sides. This may be efliect- ed by the formation of the floor at first, and the bed will then be of equal strength in all parts. Beds are sometimes made with two courses, in- stead of three, and when materials are scarce, three, four inch courses with an inch of earth between each, and a two inch covering or two have been found to answer." I may trouble you again upon this subject. My present purpose is to awaken attention to it. The Horticultural Society will probably ofl'er a jiremi- um as a stimulus to the cultivation of the Mush- room. ZKBKDEE COOK, Jr. , DorcJiester, Feb. 20, 1830. I:. GEN. DEARBORN'S ADDRESS. [Conrludtd from iiuft 209.] Holland has been distinguished, since the period of the Crusades, for her flower gardens, culinary vegetables, and plantations of fruit trees. The north of Europe and this country, are still de|ienil- ent upon her florists, for the most .splendid varie- ties of the bulbous rooted plants, and her cele- brated nurseries, which long replenished those of I''nglanil, have been recently enriched by the ac- quisitions of Van Mons and Diiquesne. Several of the new kinds of fruits produced by those inde- latigiiblc experimentalisls, already ornament our g.irilrns, and with the excellent varielii-s created by Knight, promise to replace those, which have cilliir become extinct, or ace so deteriorated in quality, as to discourage their farther cultivation. This nil tliuil 111 li\ bridous fructification is foun cd on Liiiiui ijs' Si\ual .System ,of Plants, but t venerable President of the London Horticultui Society, is entitled to the merit, of having fi pra(!lical!y availed of a suggestion, which emaiu eii from the beautiful theory of the northern Plii f On the African coast of the Mediterranean, C custom, bascil on the same princifdes, has prcva <■ . ed, from the earliest ages, in the cultivation of t I Date — that "Tree of Life" to the natives of tho|<' sultry regions. The stamens and pistils of il species of Palm are produced on diflerent ire and those which aflbrd the former beiug relatii ly quite low, it is necessary to cut ofl' the blussoi and place them, by means of ladders, over the * of the female trees, which arc very lofty. If tl is not done, the pollen does not reach the stigni. jand there is no fruit. This practice, howey. does not derogate from the honor due to the g I entific Knight, to whom we are unquestional ^ indebted for that valuable discovery, by whi i new varieties of every species of fruit and flow may be infinitely multiplicil. Having been so long dependent upon our irai jatlantic colaborators, it now becomes a duty I attempt a reciprocation of the numerous benel we have received ; and by emulating their ze intelligence, and experimental industry, wc m devclope the resources of our own country, whi 1 offers such an extensive, interesting, and proti I field of research to the adventurous naturali Many of the most useful and magnificent acqui tions of the groves, fields, gardens, and consert j tories of Europe, are natives of the Western I I niisphere. The indigenous forest-trees, ornamei 'al shrubs, flowers, fruits, and edible vegetables • North America are remarkable for their varic I size, splendor, and value. Extending from t I Polar regions to those of the tropics, and frotn I shores of the Atlantic to the waves of the I'acil I this mighty section of the continent embrac I every clime and every variety of soil, termitigw j innumerable specimens of the vegetable kingik in all the luxuriance of their primeval and urn : plored domains. t Catesby, Pursh, Michaux, Mulenburg, Bigelo j Nuttall, Eliot, Torrey, Coldcn, Bartram, Bartt Hosack, Mitchell, Darlington, Ives, Dewey, Hitc cock, and Short, have rendered themselves illi Irious, as disciples of Botany, by traversing o I immense forest.*, mountains, and prairies, and ■ jploring the borders of our mighty rivers and liiki in quest of additions to the Flora of tlie Unit- Stotes. Peters, Hosack, Lowell, Perkins, Prince, Mc.M hon, Cox, Dean, Thocher, Adlum, Powel, ai Buel, have, by precept and example, a.«.sidu)ius fostered a tasle (or cullivution, and suoces,srnl promoted developments, in all the various brain- es of rural economy. As (lioneors in the Fcicn. and art of .Agricultine or ganleninp, their -serv CCS have been invaluable ; and while most them still live to ludiold the rapid and extcnsii progress of their cherished pursuii.s, the inqiortai restdts of their experiments, and the gladdeniii influeiicc of their beneficent labors, iheir naini will bo ever held in gratelul remeud.rance, : distinguished benefiiclors of their country. Enlightened by their instructions, and rouse by their maidy enihusia.<>m, let us /.ealuiislv imital their commendable cflbrts, and endeavor to ret der our institution, as beneficial, in its practici o|>erBtions, as it is cheering, i'l theoretical promis* Vol. VIII.— No. 32. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 255 From the Southern Agriculturist. NEW VEGETABLES. Your notice last year of my description of the III shop's Dwarf Prolific Pea hath heen attended th benefit in bringing that valuable Pea into no- j e, although ujion a fair trial with the forty-day I anie Pea, sowed the same day this year, the bit crop was not so early as the forty-day Pea, ; the crop was far more abundant, and a large rti :ce that I had this season, when in blossom, was lii Most beautiful sight; (the Peas were planted in 01 vs about three inches apart in the row, and two t from row to row,) the plants did not exceed s foot in height, but so completely full of blos- ns, down almost close to the ground, that at a e distance they appeared like straw berry-beds ered with blossoms ; and they continued in iijiring long after the forty-day peas were over. the whole, this pea improves on acquaint- 1 I, and will no doubt be a universal favorite; by sowing them at different periods, say about II feck apart, a constant succession of green peas the table may be obtained. They also stand hot weather well, not being subject to mildew, many other kinils in summer. While on the m ject of Peas, I beg leave to call your attention ome other sorts which are worth noticing, al- ii ugh not so recently introduced, they are per- il rs not so generally cultivated as their merits ini itle them. The Kiiighfs tall Honey, or KnighVs Marrowfat so named, I presume, in honor of the wor- president of the London Horticultural Society, of this I am not sure ; however, it is the most cious of all Peas in eating. The Pea appears n dry, shrivelled and pithy, but very plump fair when green. This is a late Pea, and le the Bishop's Pea is a dwarf, this, on the 1 trary, is a giant ; frequently growing fourteen ixteen feet high. The Peas ought to be sown lii n open piece of land, in rows moderately thin, the rows full five feet apart from row to row. y must be stuck with good stout brushy sticks, in the ground ; the brush ought at least to be rl( Dr eight feet high. They are a very plentiful rer, continuing long to j)roduce their rich sweet id stand the heat much better than any r of the marrowfat kinds. he Dwarf Imperial Pea, somewhat better ii wn than the former, is, however, not so gene- kiiown, but might be noticed; being a dwarf, requiring no sticking, is a recommendation to \| ith many who have not the conveniences of ming sticks. It is a large blue, oblong or shaped Pea, not early, but a great bearer ; stand the heat of sununer well, and if sown le same time with the early Peas, will come fter -tlie early crops are over. It is a very en 3t good bearing Pea, and makes a very fine if cooked with string beans. The peas j3 lid l)e sown in drills or rows, moderately thin ; I two and a half or three feet apart. 'ew York, Oct. 24, 1829. M. FLOY. I Bishop's Early Dwarf Prolific Pem. In I8iiG, this Pea was first introduced to ihe gardens in the ' neiglibiirliood of London— Ihey were first originaled in .Scot- land liy a practical Gardener of tlie name ol Bishop, in the 3earl8l7. So great a repulal'on liad lliey ohiaineil in the neighborhood of London, that they \vci-e readilv sold for one guinea a pint. The peculiar excellencies o( this pea are, its productiveness — equalling, if not surpassing any varieties hi- therto known : its earliness, and its remarkalile dwarf habit, seldom exceedi.ig even in liio best soils, the height of 1 2 inches, which of itself would make it a most valuable acquisition- more especially for small gardet:s ; they should be planted 2 or 3 inches apart in the rows, as from their dwarfishness and spreading habits they do not thrive so well if sown closer; hence it is obvious there will be a great saving of seed, as a pint of these will go as far as 2 or 3 quarts of any other. They com- mence blooming when not 3 inches high, bear most abundantly and are very delicious eating; if planted weekly, a constant succession of green peas may be obtained all the summer and autumn, as fiom the habit of their growth they appear better calculated to withstand the heat of an An:ericAn summer, ihan any variety we are acquainted with. In 1829, these peas had a fair trial in this vicinity, and we find there is nothing in llieir character as staled above, but what is correct. We have a small quantity on hand, both of American and English srrowlh of 1829. price SI per quart; the same price at which they are readly sold in New York, and oiher southern cities. Persons at a distance, remitting the cash by letter, tvill^ receive them by any convevance they may designate. J. B. RUSSELL, 52, North Market-street. Also, Knight's Tall Marrow or Honey pea, from Kngland — introduced by Mr Knight, President of ilie London Horticultu- ral Society. Boih these kinds are described in Mr Floy's let- ter, in this week's New England Farmer, tf Feb.21. Sportsmaii. This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Westborough, Shrewsbury, and Worcester. Sportsman was sired by Bussorah — Dam Sportsmistress. A more particular pedigree of this horse was given in the New England Farmer, January 1, 18'30. tf Feb 19. Bull Calf for Sale. For sale, at Jonathan Amory's farm in Newton, a fine?' well formed, promising Bull calf, two months old, deep red color, with a few white spots — sired by Mr Derby's bull Young Comet,— dam, Laura; the following is the dam's origin. Laura— Light red, face belly and legs white, calved 26th March 1S25. Got by Admiral ; Dam, a very fine Cow, hy Holderness out of an excellent native Cow. Purchased while a calf of Hon. John Lowell. tf Feb. 19. fVants a place, Asa farmer, to t.ike charge of a gentleman's country seat, a young married man (without children,) who is well qualified, ai;d can produce good recommendations ; he would be willing to make an arrangement either with or without his family. Inquire at Whitney's tavern in Charlestown. tf Feb. 19. Scions of Superior Fruits. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North Market-street, A large collecfion of scions of the most rare and valua- ble fruits culfivated in this vicinity, — warranted genuine — a more particular description will be published nest week. Iw Feb. 26. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. A stated meefing of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society will be held at the Society's Hall on Saturday, March 6th, at 11 o'clock. A. M. R. L. EMMONS, Feb. 26. Recording Sec'y. (O^Gentlemen who are in possession of rare and valua- ble scions or cuttings, that they intend to present to the Society, are respectfully reminded that the above raeetin will afford a good opportunity for their distrrbution. Correspondents. — We regret the necessity of ring till next week a valuable communication by G. of Weston on Canker Worms — and one on Pota- bj J. T. Gerrish's superior Corn Cutting Machine, •ti y be seen in operation on grain, for a short time, at the ■ » Cordage Factory, at Boston Neck. *• further particulars inquire at the Agricultural W,are- 62, Norih Market-street: °w Feb. 26. Wants a place, As a farmer, or gardener, a man from England, with a small family, who has been eighteen years in the business, and is thoroughly acquainted with it; — his wife is well acquainted with the dairying business. Inquire at the New England Farmer office, 52, North Market-street, — or application may be made at Mr Haggerston's Vine- yard, Charlestown. 3t Feb. 26. ff'hite Mulberry trees for raising Silk. Sinclair Si Moor3 have for sale at their Nursery near Baltimore, Md. — 2000 strong white Mulberry plants, which have been cultivated separate in drills, and are ftom 3 to 5 feet high. Price per hundred $6 to $12, according to size. 3000 seedlings of last summer's growth, small, at ^95 per thousand. Fruit trees. Shrubs, and other articles in (he J nursery line as usual. Iw Feb 26. jYew work on Silk. Just published at Philadelphia, and for sale at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, 52, North Market-street — *' Essays on'Ainerican Silk, and the best means of ren- dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; with Directions to Farmers for raising Silk-worms. By John D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer; and P. S. Dupon- ceau, Member of the American Pliilosophical Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge." "Knowledge is power; and Information is capital." — Report of Comm. of Congress on Jimerican Silk. Price 624 cents. Feb. 19. Farmer fVantcd. A first rate man, (one with a family would be preferred) to take charge of a farm of fifty acres, in WaiTen, R; I. He must be a perfect master of his business, capable of taking the lead himself — some vegetables must be raised — and much attention is p?id on the farm to the culture of onions for shipping. Address Freeborn Sisson, War- ren, R. I. (post paid.) * 3t Feb. 19. Land for Sale. 20000 acres of land in Potter county, Pennsylvania, are offered for sale, either in one body, or in such quantities as will suit applicants. This Land is situated on the head waters of the Sin- namahoning Creek which empties into the west binnch of the Susquehanna River above Dunnstown — by the pre- sent law, the Pennsylvania canal is to be made as far as Dunnstown ; from thence to the Lakes, the .shortest course would be somewhere in the neighborluiod of the land now offered for sale. The title is indisputable, and taxes paid up to the first day of the year eighteen hundred and thirty. The Sinnamahoning Creek is navigable, and is about forty feet wide at the bridge now buriding on or near this land ; through which a road passes. The settlements on the Sinnamahoning extend up to within five miles of this tract of land, which reaches within twelve miles of Cou- deisport (the county town.) As to the quality of this land, it is of course various, as would be the case with the same quantity in the immediate neighborhood of Philadelphia, Boston, orvNew York. The flats bordeiing on the streams are excellent, — a d.irk, rich, deep soil, free from stone and easy to cultivate ; the upland, or as it is termed in that country," Bench Land," is good farming land, deep, ex- cellent soil, well adapted to grass, grain, &c. the hills are too steep for farming, but are generally heavily timbered. The pre .'ailing timber is Beach, Maple, Birch, Cherry, Hemlock, and White Pine. Coal has been found on one branch of the Sinnamahoning, and it is believed by people living in those parts, that there is abundance of Coal on all the waters of the Sinnamahoning Creek. The Proprietor has divided four thousand acres into lots of one hundred acres each. Any settler who may pay lor his land before seeing it, and should not like it when he arrives there, may select another of said lots instead of the one he has paid for, provided he docs it within one year from the time he pays the money, and notifies the Propri- etor of his choice before said lot shall have been disposed of to some other purchaser or settler. None but sober, industrious people need apply for any part of this land. Any per.son procuring ten purchasers or settlers, shall have one hundred acres, gratis, provided he causes it to be settled within one year from the time be becomes enti- tled to it. The price is $2 per acre ; but a liberal deduc- tion will be made to wholesale purchasers and to settlers. For further particulars, apply personallv or by letters, post paid, to SAMUL'L WEBB, No. 305, Mulberry-street, Philadelphia. Terms of payment will be made easy. The following Cerfificate is from Samuel B. Fisher, a practical Surveyor, who has just returned from viewing the above described premises ;— he has no interest whatever (direct or indirect) in the sale of these lands, and is one on whose judgment and candor purchasers may safely depend. I hereby certify, that I was on the above described tract of land for several days, in the beginning of Ihe present month, and while there, my time was occupied in exam- ining the same ; and I am of the opinion that the forego- ing description is a fair one, and that those who may feel disposed to purchase, will find it to correspond therewith. Philad. 10 mo. 20, 1829. SA.MUEL B. FISHER. Real Estate in Boston will be taken in payment. 2d mo. 11. 3t 256 NEW ENGLAND FARM Ell. Feb. 2G, 1830- MISCELLANIES. of ihu seeds. One of llieiii grew to llic liti^-lil of twenty feet. It is not certain wlietiier iKis vnluaWIe plant i.s native in Georgia aii'l Florida, liut Dr Coxc thinks his experiment proves ihol it may be naturalized in latitudes fur more northern llian that region. — Bos. Trav. Look to your Fruit Trets.—Wc are requested to inform all persons who feel an interest ui pre- serving their Iniit trees, that there is now to be y»cn on all the trees, n small web or nest, more than an inch in length, which contains a caterpdiar —that these nests can now easily be removed and destroyed, hut if left till spring, the trees will be overrun with destructive caterpillar?. We hope this brief hint will not he lost. — L. I. -^tar. Vermont Minernh.—U is said there is, in Ver- mont, inexhaustible qinnries of Slate, as good as . . „ , imported frotn Wales. Slates would be about to be introduced mto Kentucky Hrmp Seed. Forjalc al Ihc Swil .Store ronnccicd wiih ilic New Engl Karnier, bl, NuriU Markei StT>H;l, A frw bushels of pr.me llrrn[. fHfil, fur sewing, prowl IK:y. (rai«rihc Ju. I Legislature of Louisiana, Jan. 6. — The Act to incorpinate the Lake Pmieharlraiii Rail Road came before the Senate, atnl wiis uttiversiilly well re- ceived. No doubt is entertained that the legisla- ture will grant a charter. A System of Education as in Massachusetts is brought to Hoston on a Railway, but it is cheaper now to get them from Wales. Tlt^re is also in Vermont immense formations of pure Porcelain Clay.— Bo». Pat. " Porcelain Clay" is found, but we arc not quite sure as to the immensity of the formations. We have also steatite, — some lead, — probably some copper, — iron enough, — copperas enough for the nation, from a single bed, and several more beds that might hi; opened, — and probably alum might be made to any desirable extent. Add to these, limestone, marble, some manganese, &:c, and lastly, that most valuable of all minerals, a dtep, nc.'i loam Windsor, Vt. Chron. fVnt Stud Horse For Sale. A beautiful dark l.ny 'K"'. half lilood of the Engfish di hor'*. firii-.-n anda li.ilf h.iinisl.ifb. Mroug and well ft cijihl leors old ihc ci»uii.g *|.nng. is •.fftrtd for talc. II sum (oal gcucr, fine figuri-.Lind in aiiy h,-irne»s. and i fail lo gi\r»aiisfaclinD. Ilin Hork has proved exrelirn have Mjjo at i'WJ, at lour inonihn old. Apply (post p J B. Russell, Publisher of the New England Formei. Powder al 2t per lb. . . , rr. 1 . 1 DUPONT'S POWDER, quality varrimted, for ; We arc informed that I^ottery lickets have 1 ^,^^,,_j,,,.^ Ammmniicn Store, (5 Hroad si, at rttoit. been recently sold in Philadelphia, to the amount SHO F. CAPS, &c. ol the brti quality— thvty for casi of some miliions of dollars, under iiretencc of a j Cledilschia trtacanthos Seed. grant by the state of Verinoiil. We take the ear- pcr sale ai the .Seed i^'iore eonnectcd with the New 1 best onportunitv to say, that no sueh grant exists, land Farmer. oi.Nonh Markeisireet, , .. , . and that the sale of [he tickets is a fraud upon 1^,_ A lew ^^ound^^^^^^^^^ the public. — Vt. Sent. vo recommended by Judge 111 KL, (in the New Engl^.d I for Dee. II. page 161.) who hassc\eral Ihousao'l plants ing. as the best |ilam that ran be cultivated iu this cuum "iges; of very rapiil growth, long and abundaia ih Mighty Effects of Steam.— U was mentioned by Professor Rcnwick, in one of his lectures, that, during the great European struggle, England ein- (^uackery. — In Philadelphia a black man, " Cse sar Gimsoun, stoani doctor," has been required to | of iJard'andsiron give .S2000 iKtil to take his trial for murder, in | j^,^^^ Currant Wine. causing the death of a black child, 8 years old, j po, sajc al the Agricultural Warehouse, 5: Jan. North Ml whom he placed over a tub of boiling water, ] street, . , „, , ,r- v kept constantly hot by heated bri.ks 'l-ownin ' ^A.ewdox«,[.ou^^^ The child screamed under the torture, and died i gp„, a„j jetprgcni properties in va'rious complaints, a soon after.- -Her body was shockingly scalded. i licubrly the Sore Throai will be found in ihe New I •" 2_ I Farmer, vol. V. page ai7, wriitcn b> Samiel «. r. supplied mi the i to the sum of £39,860 lbs. a planter has sent I terms either with well" assorted l«xes for rcta.l ..,,.,.. 11- Tsi , I pound or bushel. Iiirtli the fi)llowin;r calculation: — Iliercarc, he I •^j^,, 09 if poleon— and that she found the means of stirring up and subsidizing other nations, until, in the lan- guage of the lectuiei-, " the greatest captain the world ever saw, discomfited and overthrown, was obliged to how before the genius of Watt. NEW imUNSWICK FLOUR. At the last meeting of the Agricultural Society, a large number of the members sat down to din- ner at Swett's Hotel : all the animal food anil ve- getables were the produce of the county. .Atlcr dinner, two Loaves were produced, one of litem made from wheat raised in the parish of Si -An- drews, and manufactured into Hour at Cliamcook, the other, from excellent American .Siiperfmo flour. I |il;iii'. — Kiig. paper They were cut in two parts and .^ent rounil the table, that the opinion of the gentlemen present might b(! taken, lui which was Provincial and which was foreign bread ; the result was, that about the same number fixed on one loaf us on tho other, ihtm proving that the difTereiicc in the ilitality was not discernible. — .S7 Andrtias, JV. li. Herald. says, .'50,000 acres on plant in the kingdom ; the quantity giowi!, calculating by the duty, will ave- rage 1 cwr. 2 qrs. per acre, which at the present price, would bring £600,000. That rent, poor rate, tithes, poles, duty, manure and cultivation, at a moderate calculiition, vi/, £30 upon each aero, amounting to £1,500,000, caiisin planters of at least £600,000 on the year's grow tl The s.imc writer predict acres will in conseiiuence, be allowed to go out of Seeds for Hot Beds. For sale al ihe Seed Store connccled w iih the New I Fwmer office, No. Si. North Mnrkei-slieei, a fine col.' seeds, both of Aiuorican and European growth. I> 1 ing in hii beds, aiiioni,' which are the Early Frame .1,1 Lull" (ireen Turkey Ciicumbfr, and v'l"r varieties — Curled Silesia and liarlv 'rennishall Head t.'HKr.— lii..- loss to the|Cj»/i/("i.v,- (from llollandj-Creen Citron, P.nea, ; other .Wi7Am— Early Y-rli, Early Uulch. Early \ hat from 10 to 12,000 Earlv Sugar-loaf, and Early Itaitersea Ca/^JA•.J.— Al>. ly Tiirnip' llloo.l P.eel, nnd Early Horn Carrol, (a pc. , drlicale sort for the tabic)— and every other Tandy ol K Garden \cgeiablo Sceils. eultiialed in the tailed Sini. >, Jan. 29. 'f Jalap. — Professor J. R. Coxc gives an nccoiint iif llie successful cultivation of medicinal Jalap in Philadelpliia. The pliiiits were procured from Xiihtpa, Mexico, in 1827, and have tlotirishcd luxuriantly ever since ; attaining, apparently, com- plete iiialurity, with the exception of the ripening rite Italian physicians have ascertained that lite gout may be cured byforti/eight doses of tcarm wilier, each eight ounces. Would not a much less quantity of coM water answer the same purpose ? — Patriot. It is thought that in 5 or 6 days 50,000 troops might be trans|iorted to the seaboard from the west, on the ISallimore and Ohio Rail Roiul. — Working bees may thus make themselves a match for Wasps and Hornets. Published every Friday, at S^ P«r annum, pnynl end of Ihe year— but those who pay within sixiv diiy ■ lime of subscribing, are entitled to it dedjclion ol fifiv (fj* No paper will be .sent to 0 distance without pnv inp_i Primed for J. II. Russki.l. by I. R. Pitts— !■> all descri|iii"ns of Printing enu be executed In meet il r of cuslonier.4. Orders for printing reeeiveil by J, II. Ki : at Ihe .Agricultural Warehouse No. .'>!i Norlb Mnikrt AIUXT.H. Nrv IVrjl— fi 'I'lioi iiCRK A: SOH.C7 l.iherlv-slrcei Philiidflphui- \t. }i C I.ANI>liLTII.8SChesliiut.ilrcrl. liiiliiitwn—Ct. II. Smith, Office of Ihe American Fariiic yl//«.iw— Hin. Jrssr \h'H.. A Rail Road is projected from Lexington, Ky. AW,m,^. :V K \V«J'hivck&So«.s, Prop. Un. Bot «J I ri- II* 1 /farlrerrt— tiooitw i.s \ Sons.. 10 some point on the Ohio River , Halifax, N. .S.— P. J. lliii.LAxn. Esq. Reeortler 0|]i< NEW ENGLrAi^l* FAKMEK. Published by John -B. Rdssell, at M. 52 JVorlh Market Street, (at the Jlgricullural Warehouse) Thomas G. Fessenden, Z:(ttoj-. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1830. No. 33. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. b John C. Loudon, Esq. Sir — In your Encyclopedia of Agricuiture, p. S, you say, — " Tlie civil circumstances of the Uniled States are unfavorable to SJie domestic enjoyments of a British farmer emigrating thither. Many privations must be suffered at first, and some probably for one or two genera- tions to come. The want of society seems an obvious drawback; but tliis, Birkheck has shown, is not so great as might be imagined. When an emigrant settles among American far- mers, he will generally find them a lazy, iguo- RANT people, priding themselves in their fr^n- dom, and iiiaking little use of their privileges; but when he settles among other emigrants, I;c \ meets at least with people who have seen a good deal of the world and of life." 1 think, Sir, )iir predilections in regard to the United States, e rather favorable, and I can only account for e injustice you have done the American farmer, yr supi)osing, that you took Mr Birkbeck for au- ority, and that Mr Birkbeck never had an op- jrtunity of studying their character. There is a class of peo|)le upon the frontiers, rmed pioneers, who lead a sort of nomadic life, id sid)sist principally on the fruits of the chase. Hien game becomes scarce, by the cultivation of e surrounding country, these people sellout their tterments, and penetrate the forest anew. They ■e thus precluded the advantages of a polished lucation, and e.vhibit but few of the ameliorating Fects of civil institutions and social intercoii; . . was unfortunately among this class that Mr rkbeck fixed himself on the frontiers of Illinois, id it was from his intercourse with these probn- y, that he came to the conclusion, that the Ame- ;an fanners were " a lazy, ignorant people." The character of our farmers is that of oiir na- n ; for nine tenlhs of our population are agri- dttirists. And however humble and unaspiring is class of a community may be in countries here privilege or custom has limited their sphere ■ action, with us, who have no privileged classes, id where the highest distinctions and honors are len to all, there exist the noblest and strongest citenieiits to industry and the acquisition of lowlodge among our farmers, that can he im- antod in the human breast. It is true, there is not that servile drudgery and eessant labor witnessed Iiere, which may be mmon among the agricultural classes of otiier untries. Nor is there need of it. Our farmers ve no aristocratic landlords to support in indo- it extravagance. They pay no tithe of their rnings to support an established church. And e amount required to maintain their pooriscom- ratively trifling. Hundreds of our young men jve the parental roof every year, witfe a mere ttance in money, and generally with nothing but eir heads and hands to earn a living; and twelve ars afterwards we probably find them the owners id occupants of a comfortable farm, which they .ve paid for and improved by their industry, sur- rjnded by comfort, plenty, and half a dozen tow- iSded chubby children. We not only possess, in a degree unknown to of the Mercurial ointment, and survive. Great the farmers of Europe, the stimulants to acquire ' care should be taken that no crevice be left open knowledge with wealth, but we enjoy peculiar fa- I where they could possibly crawl under, and that it cilities for its attainment, and for dispensing it to | should be applied in due season. The application our children. Social libraries exist in most of the jof the Merimrial ointment is not more expensive old settled towns, and schools everywhere abound, j than tar, and it grows stronger by being exposed I lia^e sent yon two annual reports, which will to the atmosphere, by absorbing the oxygen there- show the condition of the schools in the Stale 1 from. Strips of cloth, or fine smooth lists, not where I reside. You will find that about $110,- I less than one inch wide, fastened with cut tacks 000 of public monies are annually distributed by was the mode of application, and the mild mercu- the State of New York for academic and common rial ointment of Thacher's dispensatory was the school education ; that a larger sum is raised by preparation used." local ta.TC in the several districts ; that the total Mr Di:rby is in.iking arrangements to place, amount ej^jended on education in these scliools, "'jV/iou< rfc/a^, the protecting girdles round the butts does not fall much, if anything short of one and a ; of his trees, and where the bark is very rough, he half million of dollars per annum ; and that half' intends to use slightly the drawing knife, in order a tnillion of children participate in the advantages I that the lists may lay quite close, and that there of this expenditure. All this is exclusive of a! should be Jio possibility for under crawling. The great number of select schools, academics, and four colleges. Agriculture is our great nursery of talent, from which the professions, the Legislative halls, the army and the navy are principally filled. I can refer you to the New Monthly Magazine for the character of our House of Assembly, where it is stated, by an Englishman who spent some time in it, to be " full as respectable as the House of Com- mons." And for the talent and skill of our farm- ers in war, let the examples at Plattsburgh, and at New Orleans, on Erie, and on Cbampiain, suffice for the present. I submit these facts to your consideration, from a belief that you have not erred intentionally. And as it would seem invidious in me to make cwmparisons, I leave you to draw the parallel be- tween the English and American farmers at lei- sure, and to make such correction in your text as your sense of justice may dictate. J. B. Albany, M Y. Feb. 22, 1830. FOR TH:3 new ENGLAND FARMER. CANKER WORMS. Mr Fessenden — My respected neighbor, Sam- uel G. Derby, Esq. had a fine orchard much in- jured last season by the canker worms, and wish- ing to make some preparation this spring to cheek, and if possible, to destroy that dreadful vermin, he wroto lately to Dr Jeremiah Spofford at Bradford, to request In'm to communicate any new bark of the stately old elms round his mansion will require clay, mixed with hair, to fill up the crevices ; and it apjjears very evident, that the mercurial ointment requiring to be laid on, and fixed but once for the season, will be attended with less expense than the old method of tarring, which must be renewed every day, at a great cost of the materials, and of the time nee. WEBBER. Iform in Peach Treis — A writer in the Tronlnn Federalist quoted with approbation by the Smiih- ern Agriculturist, recommends the following i remedy against the worm in peach trees, (-r triliota of Professor .Say.) — "A coinposiii. . oyster-shell lime and Ian, equally iirojiorli. ; and about half u bushel to a tree, put immeilial round the trunk a few inches under ground. CULTURE OF HEMP. There were imported into the United Statei the year 1826, goods manufactured from l._. and exclusive of cordage, twine, ic, to the amo of $1,787,75.1, and 88,116 cwt. of hemp raw state. This last at §220 per ion, whici the present medium market price of Russian hei would swell the amount wliich the nation unnu: pays, to the foreign cultivator and manufacture lliis article, to more than two millions seven h dred thousand dollars. I quote this fact to si the extent of the national demand for hemp ; its products, and to satisfy our farmers that ih Ss liitle danger of glutting our markets with necessary production, so long as they are able compete with the foreign cultivator. The inquiry here presents itself— Are our lands adapted to the cultivation hemp ? and, if they are, Can we sujjply our domestic demand, \ ))rofit to the cultivator, at the ordinary inai prices? The first point seems to be satisfactorily sob Most of the siote.s, from Tennessee to Maine, * ready grow hemp ; and in this slate it is siicc fully and profitably cultivated, particularly in counties of Orange, Saratoga, Wiwhington, To kins, &.C, and upon most of the soils which y a profit in the ordinary productions of agricull This, like other crops of the farm, pays best u a good soil, and under careful cullure. diiiined reclaimed bogs, or swamps, and deep r nfuvions, abounding in vegetable mailer, are atMpted to llie growth of this invaluable plant its strong system of roots peiietraic these fre and find abundance of alinienl lo nourish and ture the plant. It will do well on any soil will grow good flax. But it will not rejiay foi bor and expense upon lands either poor, habilu wet, or on such as have not been previously i jected to a complete slate of pulvcri/alion. need no better hemp grounds than the flatS' J' islands below and contiguous to ihiscily aflbn Ujmn the second point I have no prncl knowledge ; and must therefore rely upon authority of others, and upon estimates foiin upon known data. We in llie first place derive evidence that culture of hemp is profitable to Ihe .Aiiieri farmer, from the acknowledged fact, that the qi lily annually grown among us has greall) iiicr ed, and probably quadrupled, within Ihe last years. Few have abandoned its culture, • commenced il uniler favorable cireum-taii> while many are annuidly turning their aiientin it. Men are not apt lo pursue a business \tl does not pay them for their labor and expense In the next place we infer, that il is or inus profitable, 1. Because the price of foreign hemp is' hanced in our markets, and the quiii qncnlly diminished, by the high duties \' been imposed by ihe tariff". 2. Because one liolf of llic ordinai'\ cX|h of cleaning and preparing il for markei. ni.iv I be saved by the u.so of the mwlv iiivel *, Vol. VIII.— No. 33- ^ ichines for separating the lint from the fibre. — AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 259 id, 3. Because the process of water rotting. J lich is taking place of the old dew rotting ine- )d, increases the value of the article, and ren- rs American hemp equal in quality and value to U of Russia or Piedmont. I Specimens of Russia and American water rot- ij I hemp have been submitted to various and re- lied experiments, particularly in our naval ser- B, and the comparisons have resulted in a full iviction, that the latter is nowise inferior to the mer in strength or durability. The inference )lain, that American hemp will command the It price, whenever it is brought to market in as feet a condition as the foreign commodity, perience, and the prospect of gain, will prove pie correctives on this head. Lastly, it might be amply demonstrated, by the ■larations of men of practical knowledge, that lip is one of the most profitable crops that a mer can raise, whose grounds are adapted to growth, and where proper attention is paid to ; management of the crop. I will quote but idividiial at present, and that is a respecta- 0, Mr Satnuel Lathrop, of West Springfield, iss. After stating that the principal labor required the hemp crop, is ajiplied at seasons of most sure on the farm ; and that every considerable mer, who has suitable grounds, might raise a V acres, without interfering with his ordinary irse of husbandry, Mr Lathrop thus speaks of ! products anil profits : — "The average crop is six to seven hundred unds the acre. I have raised nine or ten, but s was an unusual crop. The land was strong i in very good tilth. The hemp grew to a great ht, and was very uniform throughout the piece, e price of hemp in market has varied, of late irs, from $10 to $12,50 per hundred. Scarce Y crop of field culture can be put upon the land, ich will produce so great a result. " It is not uncommon for the farmer to let out land upon shares. In that case the usual terms , that the owner of the land prepares the )und, and fiirnishes one half the seed. The oc- [lant furnishes the other half of the seed, and forms all the labor, after the seed is harrowed and returns to the owner one half of the seed, i one half of the hemp prepared for market, one instance I have received for the use of my d, more than fortyfive dollars an acre, clear pro- Tlie moiety of the seed returned to me was ply sufficient to pay my part of the seed fur- lied, and the labor of preparing the ground. 'The hemp grown in this neighborhood, when 11 dressed, commands the highest price of the t Russian Hemp, and is as readily purchased the manufacturers of cordage." — See JV. E. rmer, April 9, 1829. Persons disposed to commence the culture of lip, and in want of reed, are referred to Mr N Godfrey, State-street, at Albany. And any rmation in my power to give, of service to the 'cultivator, will be cheerfully rendered, through I medium of the Albany Argus, or otherwise, may be desired. J. BUEL. Mbany, Feb. 3, 1830. to see if they were all in a safe condition, when, tu my surprise, I found one of the most valuable hives entirely destitute of bees either dead or alive. On inspection, I found the hive plentifully stored with honey, and in good condition in every re- spect. Last year I lost n swarm in the same way. It came out early in the season, and appeared to do well. Late in the fall I observed they ceased to move on pleasant days as the others did ; when on examination I found the hive entirely deserted by the bees, but well filled with honey. I have known of several other instances of this kind, the circumstances relating to them being the same. Now if the cause of such oecurrences could be shown by some one through the medi- um of your paper, it would much gratify the cu- 'iosity of AN INQUIrER. BEES. Wr Editor — A few days ago I went to my house, for the purpose of examining my bees, BREAKING STEERS TO THE YOKE. Mr Editor — With many farmers it is com- mon to neglect the breaking of steers to the yoke, and training them to business, until they are three years old, and in some instances longer. Such neglect must be altogether wrong, as the task becomes much greater, and the chastisement and suffering which they must necessarily undergo dining the process of breaking is much more se- vere than would be needfid at an earlier period. From my own experience and observation, I have found it to be the better way to begin the training of steers as soon as they are a year old. At this early period, they are easily managed by a boy of fourteen, who cannot be better or more luofitably employed, for two or three hours in a ilay, occasionally, than in disciplining them to the yoke, and learning them to draw. When they nre neglected until they are three or four years old, in most instances, they never become perfect- ly steady and docile ; while, on tiie other hand, if trained at an early age, they seldom fail of being steady and gentle, and good for business. The earlier they are disciplined and trained to busi- ness the better, provided they arc not made to go beyond the bounds of reason, or what their age and strength will admit. A FARMER. Worcester County, March 2. HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. NEW NATIVE PLUM. [Extract from a letter from J 0. Fallon, Esq. to Wiu. Princt, of the Linnasan Botanic Garden.] In conformity to my |)romise, I send you fifty stones of the Arkansavv dwarf Plum, regarded by the Indians as a most delicious fruit. It has re- ceived the appellation of dwarf, on account of the low bu~hes on which they grow, seldom exceed- ing six feet high. They are only found in the vicinity of the Arkansaw, and very high up said river. THE ROBERTSON PEAR. [Extract from a letter from Gen. Forman, of Maryland, to Wm. Prince, of the- Linnsean Botanic Garden, dated Nov. 11, 182S.] The Roberlson Pear, which I send, is highly esteemed, and universally admired. It was dis- covered in a thorn hedge at Naaman's Creek, De- laware, by General Robertson, the owner of the land, a gciitlomin who was very attentive to fruit. You may call it the Naaman's Creek, or Robert- son Pear, as you [ilease. It is a healthy tree, and certain hearer, and conies in about ten days after the Doyenne, or butter pear. The budded Judas scions I send, ai*e from a tree growing in my gar- den, where there are several, but the tree from which these buds were taken, is remarkable for its rich and glowing pink blossoms. The Persim- mon scions are from my early fruit ; and strange to tell, I have no other kind upon the estate, while the surrounding farms have none but the austere winter variety. We commence eating of mine about the first of October, and at this time we could not fill a plate from them, although they ripen in succession, as they have matured and past. [Extract of a letter from E. Smallwood, Esq. of North Carolina, to Wm Prince, of the Linnsan Botanic Gar- den, dated Dec. 30, 1829.] I send you some scions of the Williams' apple, a kind particularly suited to the climate of^ the Carolinas and Georgia. I have them now in my house, and they will keep here until March. All other apples have been gone long since. I have seen no apple so durable for a southern country ; they will not do well to the north, your season is too short for them. They are not a handsome apple, but their great excellency is their keeping so well. I also send you some scions of a supe- rior Sugar Pear; it is the emperor of all pears. P. S. Mr Prince has no remark to make, ex- ce[)t that the scions were all received in excellent condition, and have grown vigorously the past season. Brighton Market — Monday, March 1. (Reporled for the Chronicle aud Patriot.) TAt market this day, 353 Beef Cattle— 32 Stores : 668 Sheep and 200 Swine, divided as follows : Upper Market, 232 Beef Cattle : 8 Stores and 199 Sheep. Lower Market, 121 Beef Cattle ; 24 Stores: 469 Sheep and 300 Swine. The market today was not very brisk, and sales went ofi" rather slow — middling qualities of Beef at a reduction of near 25 cts. per cwt. from last week's prices. The host Cattle, we believe, fully supported former rates — one pair in particular, owned and fattened by Capt. Benj. Harrington, of Princeton, attracted considerable attention, calcu- lated to weigh 3400 lbs. This is the tenth pair, we understood the gentleman to say, that he has fatted, which have weighed over 1600 lbs. the bullock. They were purchased by Mr I. Wise, price not exactly known — su|)pr.sed at $200, who will exhibit them at his Stall, No. 48, Faueuil Hall Marke", and where the epicure can have a "taste of the quality" in the course of the week. iS'iorc Cuttle, continue low and dull. Milch Cowi; but few at market, aud of very .inferior quality — we noticed sales of a very few at from 16 to"$22 each. Sheep — Business in the Sheep Market today was very limited — we noticed the sales of one lot of 88 at iii2 70 : one do. 25 at $1 67, and one of more importance : a lot of 58 at $5 over $5 per head, owned and fatted by Mr Alpheus Anderson, of Shelhurne — the same gentleman fatted 108 last year, for whicii he obtained $5 50 per head. We take pleasure in recording these rare occur- rences, because they agree with our notions of grazing ; how it can be profitable to raise the tens of thousands of animals in the shape of Sheep, that are yearly driven to market, and sold from 75 cts. to $1 25 per head, we have yet to learn. Swine — Those mentioned above are the same we reported last week — the only sale we noticed was a lot of 100 at 4 cts. per lb. 260 NEW ENGLAND FARMKll, Mar. 9, 1B30. I<.*' LIBRARV OF ISEFI I. K^O^V^EDC;E. [Cmtinued from |Nlf<.Si>.] CHAPTER III. HISTORY OF TlIK ENGLISH HORSE. Henry VIH. a tyrannical and cruel prince, but fond of shew ami 8|)lendor, was very anxiuus to produce a vnluablo breed of jiort^es ; and the means wliicli lie uilopied were bolli perfectly in unison with liis arliitrary dispo^ili^lll, and very little calculated to effect bis object. He afli.vcd u certain stamlard, below wbicli no lioisc should be kept. Tlie lowest height for the stallion was fif- teen hands, and for the mare thirteen hands ; and even before they bad arrived at thi.'ir full growth, no stallion above two yynrs old, and under four- teen hanils and a half, was ))erinittcd to run on any forest, moor, or connnon, where there were niEres. At " Micbaehnastide" tho neighboring inagi.«trates were oiilercil to '■ drive" all forests and commons, and not only destroy such stallions, but all " unlikely tits," whether marcs or geldings, or foals, which they might deem not calculated to produce a valuable breed. He likewise ordained, lliat in every deer park, a certain number of mares in proportion to its size, and each at least thirteen liands high, should bo kept ; and that all his pre- lates and nobles, and " all those whose wives wore velvet bonnets," shoidd keep stallions lor tho sad- dle at least fifteen liands high. These ordinances ]>erished with the tyrant by whom llicy were pro- mulgated. The reign of Henry VUI. produced the earliest English treatise on agriculture, and ilie manage- ment of horses and cattle. It was written by Sir A. Fitzhcrbert, Judge of Common Pleas, and con- tains much useful information. It is entitled, " Boke of Husbandry ;" and, being now exceed- ingly rare, an extract from it may not be unaccept- able. It would seem that tho mare had been but lately employed in husbandry, for he says, " A hiis- bande may not be without horses and mares, and sp^ially if he goo with a borse-plougbc he must have both, his hor.ses to draive ; his mares to brynge colts to uplioldc his slocke, and yet at ma- ny limes they may draive well if they be well handled." The leartn"d judge shared the eoininoii fate of those who have to do with the horse. — "Thou grasycr, that may.-l fortune to be of myne opinion or condylion to love horses, and young coltcs and folcs to go among thy cattle, take hede that thou be not beguiled us I have been a hun- dred tymes and more. Aiul first thou slialt knowe that a good horse has 54 iiroperlies, that is to say, 2 of u Mian, 2 of a badger, 4 of a lion, 9 of an oxc, 9 of a bare, 9 of a foxc, 9 of an nsse, and 10 of a woman."*'^ The tyrannical edicts of Henry VIH. had the effect which common sense woulil have anticipa- ted,— the breed of bcjrsi's was not materially im- proved, and their mmd)ers were sadly diminished. * Later writcrn have pirated ftom Sir A., but have not improved upon him. Tho fnlluwiag dcsciiplioD ol' the horxc is well known. *' A good lioi'^c >tiotdd have three i|iiiililief4or anoniaii, — a broad lirca<>l, round hips, nnil n liiiiK mane; — tiirco of .1 liun, — countrnanrc, courage, and lire ; — thrcii of a bullock, — tlio eye, the nostril, and joynli, — three ofaihecp, — the mm:, gl■nll('ne«^<, and patience; — three of a mule, — tlrcnutli.cnu^innry, anil foot; — lluec of a deer, — head, leg*, and kliort hair ; — llircc of a wolf, — throat, neck, ami hearing; — three of fi>x, — ear, tail, and trot; — thiee of serpent, — memory, hiulil, an I turning; — and three of a hare or cat, — running, w.dkiiii;, and .supple- ncHs." \\hen the bigot, Philip of Spain, thrcatencil Eng- land, in the reign of Elirabctli, with his Invincible Armada, that princess could muster, in her whole I kingdom, only three thousand cavalry to opjjose him ; aiid Ulundeville, who wrote at this time a very pleasant and excellent book on the art of ri- ding, speaks contcmjituously of the <|ualities of these horses. The secret of improving the breed had not then liecn discovered ; it had been attempted by arbitrary power ; and it had extemled oidy to those crosses from which little good coidd have been expected : or, rather, it had more reference to the actual situation of the country, and the hea- vy carriages, and the bad roads, and the tedious travelling which then prevailed, than to the won- derful change in these which a few centuries were destined to effect. Blundcvillc describes the majority of our hor- ses as consisting of strong, sturdy beasts, fit only for slow draught, and the few of a lighter struc- ture being weak and without bottom. There were however, some cxcc[)tions ; for he relates a case of one of these lighter horses travulling eighty miles in a day — a task which in later times has been too often and cruelly exacted from our half- bred nags. An accoimt has been given of the racing trial of the horses in Smithfield market. Regular races were now established in various ])arts of Englanil. Meetings of this kind were first held at Chester, an1 perior qualities, have disaiipeared, or are no lon- ger worthy of attention, in consequence of their deteriorated quality. This lamentalile decadence, however, does not appear to be confined to this country, but is experienced even in France, from whence originated our most celebrated pears. At least, such is the inference to be drawn from the following note, appenned to the remarks on the Fruit and Vegetable markets of Paris, by M. Ma- son Commissary General of those establishments, and published in the Annales D'Horticulture. " It is astonishing, that we do not see but a very few species of the melting: pears in the mar- ket. The Sucre Vert, Sucre Musque, IJesi de la Mothe, and Besi d'Airy are not known ; very few of the Chaumontel, or Culotte de Suisse ; not any of the Royale d'Hiver, Virgoulouse, and, what is to be deplored, not any Colmars. These three last kinds sell from ten sous, to two francs [37J cents] apiece ; and still the culture is ne- glected ! The Rousselet, so fragrant, so highly prized by the confectioners and distillers, is not of n good quality. What a difierence between this Rousselet and that which is cultivated in the village of Cormontreuil near Rlieims!" Fortunately, Van Mons, Knight, and Nature in our own country, are rapidly replacing those expiring varieties of fruits, which have been che- rished, as the ornaments of the garilen and the dessert, for centuries; and there is no doubt, that in a few years, the Catalogue of Pears will sur- pass that of Lectierin number, and rival the most celebrated of the old varieties in quality. The method is now known for obtaining ameliorated kinds, and pursuing the course so clearly illustra- ted by Professor Poiteau, v^e cannot fail of suc- cess. The simple process which nature has de- veloped in the United States, and which has been discovered by scientific researches in Europe, es- tablishes an important era in the cultivation of fruit trees. It is one of those remarkable acqui- sitions, which belongs, exclusively, to the moderns, a problem which the ancients sought in vain to resolve, — for Flint* observes, — " For a long time, researches, in the culture of fruits, have been car- ried to the highest point, by men who have made all kinds of experiments ; but it is certain that they have not succeeded in producing a single new fruit.'" The Roman Catalogue of fruits was, compara- tively, very limited, as late as the time of Pliny, although unwear^!(! pains had been taken to intro- duce all the known varieties of the world, and universal conquest had afl^orded every possible facility to the victorious generals and provincial governors for making contributions throughout large portions of Europe, Asia, and Africa: still Pliiiy,t who lived during the reigns of Ves[iasian and Titus, does not describe, in his Natural History, after a pretty extensive list of grapes, but about thirty kinds of pears, twentynine of apples, eleven of plums, eight of cherries, and four of peaches ; As Van Mons has ascertained, that the seeds of jiears do not produce superior fruit, before the sixth generation, it is possible, and even probable, that some of the kinds, which have been recently brought into notice, in this vicinity, and other ^larts of the Union, have not reached beyond lUc fourth or fifth generation ; it is, therefore, desirable to ex- tend the process, which nature lias commenced, by planting the seeds, take-n from the jiears of the best, as well as the indiflx-rent original native wild- ing trees, and suffering the products to remain, ungrafted, until they bear fruit. Such experiments may be attendeear. He has also demonstrated the utility and'^as he ce^nsures Virgil, the admired' poet of j of pinching or cutting off the ends of the shoots, his country, for neglecting to sing the praises of' particularly of stone-fruit trees, to check the ex- the garden, and only naming fifteen kinds of' cessive vigor of the main branches, and to cause grapes, three of olives, three of pears, and one le- ] the branches which uselessly consume the sap, to mon, itis presumed that none were omitted by ; yield fruit : this operation consists in cutting off |jj,„ J these yet herbaceous, or young and tender shoots, ' — when they have attained the length of six or eight * Pliny, Book xv. chap. 15. inches, a half an inch, or at most an inch above t Pliny, the Linna:us of antiquity, perished by an erup- ' jj,g ^\^\ ^yoj,,) . jf \i jj. ^o„c Jatcr, the operation will tionof Mcvit Vesuvius, ill the 79th year of the Christian , ^^ injurious, instead of insuring fruit for the thir.' The Compiler. era, and the 56th of his age. t Pliny, Book xiv. Pro. C. 1. and C. 12 to 25. be injun ! year. 262 NRVV ENGLAND FAUMER, Mnr. 5, 1830. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1830. TRANSPLANTING FRUIT TREES. drain. Hul l.v o|,c..i..i' the .Irain, and ra,si..g the t«c-Mtjfour inches dt-.-|. ; and the earth taken Iroi, J^^ ground l.y half n huck load of h.am, 1 foun.l ou , l'^"'"" "hat ..- useful us sod, we cast into thi , setlinB out a new tree, it nourished c.,ually with road, or wherever .t m.iy he wanted, and rclur, the re.st. This orchard now, in eight years, is b '" '''« ''°!ef "" eqna -luantny ol those sn.al most valuable o,.e, and most of the trees would ^'^''e", which are usually considered a nu.sance TRA^M'l.A.MU>v. r.vu.i ..v^^^. ................................... ■"- "- .;„ith these we intermix anv kind of compost o To persons desirous of possess.n.tn.e trees, U g.ve half a barrel °f / I'' '-^ " .'^ ° " ''"'/"J ' g,,,,d soil fron. the road. In regard to ,'rees m is reconnncnded by the best „rchard„.s to trans- o her crcums ances which — fal e , th n niy S ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^J ^^^^^ .^_^^^ plan, them from the nursery to an in.erinediate obseiva ion, it appears that w '■'"' ' '^ ^ ^^ f,,,,„,g froni the earth, while setting, a bushel o plantation in the garden or field ; and there cilt- so, 1 and well .Irained will give a hue orchard, j J^^^^^^^^^ ,^ ^^^,, ,^^^ vatc them for two or three vears, at about four; and probably sooner than any other, feet apart, planting a hill of potatoes with manure ; Tlie next experiment of Mr Welies was made in the space between every four tree.-, and paying for another pur(>ose, and terminated in establish- attention during the whole time to the formation • ing a fact, and recommending a process, which of the stems and branches. "This mode (says may in njany cases be beneficially adopted by the Mr Coxe) will be found to improve llic growth of orcbardist. " The object was to have an orchard on the roots, extending and strengthening the feeding a particular spot, where the soil was thin and light, -hooti-, and insuring a rapid and vigorous growth upon a plain or Hat. The«»ioles were iliig four feet when transplante.l a second time into the orchard ;' over. The two upper strata of black and yellow the product of the i)otatoes will repay the expense ; loam were placc.l aside the tree. After this about of manuring and cultivation ^urMd." _ , ten inches in^de,..h^of ll^^^^^lj^'^ ,- J— j ,... ,.„.„; There are several now [Sept. .3 I .soil from the road. In regard to trees ii dvantagc from inter i: setting, a bushel o '• In digging up the trees, we are careful to rol them as little as possible of their roots ; and ain i to diminish the lateral branches, by pruning abou as much as the roots have lost in taking up. W^ set the trees about as deep as they stood in tl nursery; treading the ground as hard as we cmU around them ; setting out and keeping them ere.-i ' and let them stai;il without stakes; or being vi>it ed by any horned cattle. ' " It is surprising to see how rapiilly these tre The. same writer says — " The proper season for] earth was tti 1 1828] in view, which were set out in the begin ' planting Will be found to depend on a variety of cart load of stones upset >iUo the hole ; upon these | -J ,een a fu ..iicumstances. In light soils, the winter settles 1 n part of the upper stratum, or some dirt from the "'^";.„ ,,"„/,„„,; ,, ,, ^ the earth round the roots, and best secures then. ' side of the road was scattered, so - «"/' ' ''P ''- : ^%^ ^t ' h ay . " i" Tansplanting trees, espc against the drought of the follo« ng season-it is interstices ; since which he spots near he trees ) . ^^_^^.^^^ .1 ^^ ^^ b ^ ^^^ atime ofleisure to the far,ne,-,andaftbids an early I have been cultivated by idanting four ''f "fP^" -^..../...^j ,h i,e placed in the same pos latoes round each tree. The result has been tole- I'^^'l"'^''^ " . ,•'.•', , r.^;.,„ ,i. rably favorable with all; but the trees having the ' """ ("'-' is, having the same parts facigth stones place.l at the roots have exceedingly out-j^^'^e I-omts of compass) as '"^■''"^>-^ >""'•;': stripped the others. The dimensions of the trees '; noMco when a tree is cut down you w ill fin.l .1, ' in [he first experiment_a rich, low, black stony j "'reeparts in four of the growth are on the nor,|. [lined — were, at the expiration of eight i^'"'^- selection of trees from the nursery. In stiff or wet soils, I should give a preference to spring planting, other circunistanccs being equal. I have planted at both seasons, and have generally found that care and attention insured a cnrresponding success in the growth of my trees. In whatever season an orchard may be planted, too much at- tention i:aniiot be given to extend the roots in every direction, to cut off all wounded [)arts, and more especially not to plant too deep; this I be- lieve is the common error of inexperienced plant- ers. As a general rule, I would recommend that the tree be placed in the orchard with about three inches of earth over the upi)er tier of roots, which will make it about two inches deciier than it stood in the nursery ; that the tree, after being partially covered, should be well shaken, to admit the finer f: years, fifteen to seventeen inches in circumference, ' MASS. AGRICUI.TL'RAL SOCIETY'. one foot from the ground. This may be consider-' The following |ircmiuiiis, we hope, will atlrat ed (the tree being small when .set out) as a growth universal attention. They are offered by th of about two inches a year. The growth in the ' .U«,Mac/ii(JtfHj Sociel;/ for promoting .Igricullur second experiment, for six years, was from twelve to be adjudged the present year, in Decciiiher.- They have been published in the list of Prcm urns for the Cattle Show and Exhibition of Mat to fourteen inches, in the holes in which the stones were put, one foot from the ground. Where no stones were put, nine inches was the growth. It ufactures, to take i>lace at Brighton, in Octoli* will thus be perceived, that the vegetation was 'next, and are now printed separately, that th most powerful under circumstances by nature least knowledge of them maybe speedily diffused i favorable. If, then, thus much can be done to widely as possible, pai-ticlesof the earth among the fibrous roots, and [counteract such disadvantages, it surely offers; For the best cuUxvated Farms. that it be well settled by treading the earth aroiiinl much encouragement to our efforts, and leads us For the best cultivated Farm, $10 i, ^yjii, tiipse ]iri'cautions, I have never fiuind I to hope, that not only in this, but in other objects, For the next best cultivated Farm, 7 the necessity of stakes. The tops of young trees ! they may be beneficially extended." The same The (arm to con^.t of not less than seventy acres, e, should never be shortened, lest it should pro.Iuce a ! gentleman observes, in the Massachusetts Agricul- 1 ^P;:^:^^.;^::^^^:^:':^!^ wriu:i'u growth of suckers ; I would recommend in |ne- tiiral Repository for Jan. 1825, " The exi>eriment ^_^^^^^ ^^^^j ^^,|.^|j,y ^f „,p ^^^ . ^^^g proporUons suitable U ference, that they be thinned, if found too heavy, (h'^t mentioned) has succeeded beyond cxpecta- tillage, nioniii); and pasturing, respectively, an.) especial If the trees have been long out of the ground, and | tion. The advantages promised in this mode of the quai.tiiy of in igale.1 meadow or low lami which ,he roots have become shrivelled at the time of j culture, are, 1st, The absorption and gradual 'l■''^^ "*^;Vnun,l,ror .crefplantod the present year wit planting, the labor of pouring a pail full of water tribiition of moisture by the stones, when "ifst 1 for,,^ p„,,,ocs, and other vegetable round each tree, will be amply repaid in the sue- ' wanted. 2d!y, The equalization of the temperature I xi,e „„ii,ber sowed with winter^ cess it will insure in their growth." of the earth ; and 3dly, Thus preventing the roots ^ other vegei,ibtes. spocily' '- ■ The lion. John Welles, in a valuable paper, passing.into the poor under strata, by forcing them pubfishcd in the Massachusetts Agricultural Re- into a better soil, in a bori/ontal direction." pository. No. 1, vol. vi. relates two instances of^ The fidlowing is extracted from an nrticle, writ- cultivating apple trees successfully in unfavorable i ten !>y J. Kknrick, Esq. of Newion, Mass. ami Hiluations. In the one, a low piece of strong stony publishe.l in the New Eiiglaixl Farmer, vol. vii. ^^^^ „„„.„„„,....> „ .. j.,..„s..... „ land was taken. "As it was rather fiat, it was [ page 73. We republish it as a rcmend.rnncer for 1 JjVJ;/^f'~/,'^^'j/,;,''||\;",;;|-^^^^^ and spiing grains, .in the ^veral kinds, and th bir of acres planted or sown wilh each. The quantity anil kind of manure used for each cro| and the linios and ininncr of applying it. The quaiilily and quality of each crop. The number ofacres mowed the ptesent year, sporif} ing the proportion of irrigated, meadow, or low laiid, .n the proporlion which hail been ploughed or tilled, ami il kind of grass and quantity of hay on each. ploii"licd in strips, or dug ill spaces about four feet ibosc who have already perused the piece, as | Manner of irrigating the lands, and dressing and iim ' square As it was necessary to plough a furrow well as for the benefit of numerous subscribers, I ring meadow or low land .and irrigated upland, if ..m " \V ilhm n U' w years 1 have transplanted on my | ,j^^ „|- yp„^_ .,„,, „.hether sown with oats, barley, or »iti< fiirni several hundred apple trees, some of which I grain, or alone. have been set ill Spring, and some in Auliiiiin:' The number of acres of pasture, llie part, ifany.di^ !, 1 ■ . 1 I . -., .1, >. I i had previously been ploughed; when (his part «ms lai hut not reniemhcring to have lost n single tiee, IjI'^^P^ „,„, „Uind, and quantities of griss-seed sow imiible to say which time is best. 1 nor acre. The method I have generally pursued is lhi«. j The number of .ipple trees on the farm; the proporii Wherever the soil is thinner, or the land dryer i grafted ; whelher planted in orchanls or partly by lb than I eoidd wish, I direct the holes to be dug K'""'-" »K'"";' ''.'•; •<•'"': ''•'■ iu»"'tity of winter ap,de . ' '^ I gnlliercd ami cider mad about four feet in diamcler. and Irom twenty to 1 „,^,„„prjf i,,^),;,,^ ^i.l^.r between each row, the mode of ploughing in strip was found the best, as by turning the furrow tj. Thomas, Esq. of Hing- II — the Dix pear, from Madam Dix, of Boston — Lewis pear, from the original tree on Mr Lewis' Scions of Superior Fruits. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farm ^r, 52, North Market-street, An extensive collection of scions of the finest fruits cultivated in this country, both of native varieties, and of the fine sorts of Mr Knight and Dr Van Mons. They are all cut from bearing branches, from two extensive fruit gardens in this vicinity : and the utmost reliance can be placed on the accuracy of the sorts, as they are cut and labelled, personally, by the proprietors. The follow- ing comprises a part. — .Additions will be made, weekly, to the collection. (The Numbers refer to the drawings and descriptions in Coxe's Treatise on Fruit trees) : — Petit Muscat, Little Musk or Primitive pear Coie,J\~o.l. Madeleine, Citron de Carmes, or Green Chisel ' ' 3. Bellissime d'ete, or the Heauty of Summer, ' ' 6. "kinless, or Poire Sans Peau, ' ' 7. Musk, Spice, or Rousselet de Rheims, ' ' 19. Vert Longue Panachec, Striped Long Green, or Culottes de Suisse ' ' 29. Vert Longue, Mouille Bouche, or Long Green, ' '30. Messire Jean, or Mr John, * ' 33. Crasanne, or Bergamote Crasanne, • ' 34. Winter Virgolouse, ' ' 38. Hezy de Chaumontel,or Winter Butter Pear, ' ' 46. The true English Jargonelle, (from scions origi- nally received from Mr Lowell) Andrews, Amory, or Gibson Pear. — See Fessenden's JVew American Gardener, page 132. Doyenne Gris, Forsyth, 7th edition. Harvard, (Native)— See JV. E. Farmer, vol. vii. p. 313. Bleecker's Meadow (Native.) Napoleon.— See JV. E. Farmer, vol. vii. page 393. Seckle.— Coxe No. 25. Marie Louise. vV. E. Farmer, vol. vii. p. 289. Beurre d'.^remburg. ' ' ' 205. Lewis, (winter table pear.) ' ' ' 266 Bartlett, ' ' ' 217 The above scions are of good length, distinctly labelled. and well packed in earth and moss — price 6 cents each. A good collection of apples will be offered for sale next week. March 5. Wanted. A first rate farmer from Massachusetts, to take charge of a farm on shares, of about 130 ai res on Long Island, at about five miles from the City of New York. The ne- cessary capital will be advanced, (on good security) if required. Apply at the New England Farmer office. March 5. Ornamental Flower Seeds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North Market-street, An extensive collection of 'Irnamental Flower Seeds, in papers at 6 cents each — 20 varieties for $1,00, 100 varieties of annuals, biennials, and pereimials, for $5, with directions for their culture. tf March 5. Sportsman. This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Westborough, Shrewsbury, and Worcester. Sportsman was sired by Bussor.ih — Dam Sportsmistress. A more particular pedigree of this horse was given in the New England Farmer, January 1, 1830. tf Feb 19. Bull Calf for Sale. For sale, at Jonathan Amory's farm in Nev/lon, a fine, well formed, promising Bull calf, two months old, deep red color, with a few white spots — sired by Mr Derby's bull Young Comet, — dam, Laura; the following is the dam's origin. Laura — Light red, face belly and legs white, calved 26th March 1825. Got by Adndral ; Dam, a very fine Cow, by Holdemess out of an excellent native Cow. Purchased while a calf of Hon. John Lowell.. tf Feb. 19. Wants a place, As a farmer, to lake charge of a gentleman's country seat, a young married man (without children,) who is well qualified, ard can produce good recommendations ; he would be willing to make an arrangement either with or without his familv. Inquire at Whitney's tavern in Charlestown. ' if Feb. 19. Land for Sale. 20000 acres of bind in Potter county, Pennsylvania, are offered for sale, either in one body, or in such quantifies as will suit applicants. This Land is situated on the head waters of the Sin- namahoning Creek which empties into the west branch of the Susquehanna River above Dunnslown — ^by the pi'e- sent law, the Pennsylvania canal is to be made as far as Dunnstown ; from thence to the Lakes, the shortest course would be somewhere in the neighborhood of the land now offered for sale. The title is indisputable, and taxes paid up to the first day of the year eighteen hundred and thirty. The Sinnamahoning Creek is navigable, and is about forty feet wide at the bridge now building on or near this land ; through which a road passes. The settlements on the Sinnamahoning extend up to within five miles of this tract of land, which reaches within twelve miles of Cou- dersport (the county town.) As to the quality of this land, it is of course various, as would be the case with the same quantity in the immediate neighborhood of Philadelphia, Boston, or New York. The flats bordering on the streams are excellent, — a dark, rich, deep soil, free from stone and easy to cultivate ; the upland, or as it is termed in that country," Bench Land," is good farming land, deep, ex- cellent soil, well adapted to grass, grain, &c. the hills are too steep for farming, but are generally heavily timbered. Thepre/aiUng timber is Beach, Maple, Birch, Cherry, Hemlock, and White Pine. Coal has been found on one branch of the Sinnamahoning, and it is believed by people living in those parts, that there is abundance of Coal ou all the waters of the Sinnamahoning Creek. The Proprietor has divided four thousand acres into lots of one hundred acres each. Any settler who may pay for his land before seeing it, and should not like it when he arrives there, may select another of said lots instead of the one he has paid for, provided he does it within one year from the time he pays the money, and notifies the Propri- etor of his choice before said lot shall have been disposed of to some other purchaser or settler. None but sober, industrious people need apply for any part of this land. Any person procuring ten purchasers or settlers, shall have one hundred acres, gratis, proviiled he causes it to be settled within one year from the time he becomes enti- tled to it. The price is $2 per acre ; but a liberal deduc- tion will be made to wholesale purchasers and lo settlers. For further particulars, apply personally or by letters, post paid, to SAMUEL WEBB, No. 305, Mulberry-street, Philadelphia. Terms of payment will be made easy. The following Certificate is from Samuel B. Fisher, a practical Surveyor, who has just returned from viewing the above described premises ; — he has no interest whatever (direct or indirect) in the sale of these lands, and is one on whose judgment and candor purchasers may safely depend. I hereby certify, that I was on the above described tract of land for several days, in the beginning of the present month, and while there, my time was occupied in exam- ining the same ; and I am of the opinion that the forego- ing descriplion is a fair one, and that those who may feel disposed to purchase, will find it lo correspond therewith. Philad. 10 mo. 20, 1829. SAMUEL B. FISHER. Real Estale in Boston will be taken in payment. 2d mo. 11. 3t 264 NEW ImNG'LAND farmer. Mnr. 5, 1830. MISCELLANIES. Faimera who'd thrive, and money earn ; Their labors turn t' advantage beit, Must rouil, Slid read, and mark and learn, JO>d inward— inwardly digest. ' ered, llic Indians were not iiiiiiioroiis ; tlioy were I thinly scattered over the country. They er Ixjuliei, if applied fhrcooa. if Jan. I I 1 nu niivanre 01 a CIVIII/.eu people, uitii iin: ^icniiui.- imrM:, iiiiern diKi a imii ii.iiiiis liipii, hiroiig aiiu wfii Hir ' tion of animals hy the Indians after fire arms were ; >'t^^^ ■)<•«" ol.l ihe cuing f|.rii.g. i. ..flVi.d for sale. He I. , , , „ „ , t r I i- , -uie ftial gelicr, fine figure, liiiid in any b.irne»». and c» introduced, not only for (ood, but lor Ilieir liir unci 1 |.,i| ,„ ^ii fsanHfafiinu. llissiork has proved cxcrllciii, only instrument of agriculture was a clam shell, | , „. ^ , ww p ^j^ Tdf &c rrfol'ltl'g f^rthfch'?;!.' .mde""", ot I Jho advance of a civih.ed peopl., and the destruc- 1 „.,r., fil.eeu and a 1,/ir b.-. b.^b, .iron, and servation, arc published in the Vermont Chronicle. From the Ionian Islands, Mr A. wont to the - ^ . Morea, or, as the Greeks call i,. the Peloponnes- -skin.s rapidly diinini.shed the game ; and the m^^^^^^ BUS. (They are fu.st restoring all the ancient names of s>'''«'s'e"ce or. which the Indi.ins mainly dc- [ ^„p^^ " j^^ _a fact that does honor to their spirit, and must Pended, were destroyed. But a more powerful j ~ — be gratifying to every scholar.) Landing in Elis, <--ausc in reducing the number of the Indians wa.n pm?nPH „ mZlt^.^ fo, .. he soon saw trace, of the march of Ibral.in..- ; ."dent spirits ; this is one of the principal agents I ^^VSyi-r^)?.™ »J:t\tr7ad m'.^i' 'Zi,'' From a single elevation he counted the blackened , '" 'heir declension and degradation. The iiiordi- SHOT, CAPS, &e. ol the tni guatily-cheaf for ra.h. ruins of twenty villages. Crossing the Pelopon- ""^e attachment of the Indian.s to spirits is with- GUdilschiZlHacanihos Setd nessusbyway of Corinth— which is now but a out a parallel in the history of man; it was re- I p, „ale ai ibe Seed .•^mre connecied with ihe New wretched mass of ruins — he visited the President, Capo d'Istrias, at the seat of government. The President of Greece, Mr A. says, entertains en- larged and and liberal views of popular educa- tion. He is decided and earnest in favor of af- tbrding adequate means of education to the whole ma.ss of the population, and says, in writing, that the Bible is to he a school book. Mr A.'s inijuiries were answered in the most kind and liberal man- ner, and on his departure, ho was furnished with letters from the Government, which were of great service to him in the farther prosecution of his object. The Greeks have been stigmatised as thieves and pirates, and dcnbtle^s not without reason. — But now, 80 great is the change, so excellent and efficient are governmental regulati<)ns, that Mr A. travelled in the most perfect security. Often the party slept in tents, with their property all e.xpos- ed ; and again, in the former haunts of pirates and in an open boat, without the least reason to a|)pre- hend loss or harm. The Greeks seem to be easily governed, at least when their government is pop- ular, as the present is with the great mass of the nation — active, and singularly cheerful ; their fields and groves, and the mouldering ruins of their an- cient glory, often echoing the voice of song. beftgpfi} of very rapid growib, lung and abundant iber of hard and sirnng woimI. if Ja corded by historians and travellers two centuries i,„d Fa;mer.oJ, NV.-ib .Market »ireei ago This writer considers the foregoing as the! A (ew pounds of iresh «red ol the genuine ^W./srA.'.j '^ . . , /. . 1- • • r ■ 1- 1 (/jfw, or ibree iborned Acacia, for I ve feitres, i hi* i' ■ principal causes of the diminution ol Indian popu- [^.^^_^,.||jjj ,,^. j^^^^^ Itcr.i., (in ihe New Engl.m.i 1 lation, which can be fairly attributed to the com- lor Dec. II, page IG4,) »ii« b.-\sw\eral ihousan^i plac- ing of the Europeans. Destructive wars were I i"K- »»""■>»' pln"' >h«i can be enhiva-ed m tins - ■ frequent among them ljng before our fathers landed u|ion the continent. The Indians generally cling to their own insti- tutions, and desire no change. " To roam the fo- rests at will, to i)ursue their game, to attack their enemies, to spend the rest of their lives in listless indolence, to eat inordinately wheu tlicy have food, to sufTtv patiently when they have no:)e, to Black Currant Wine. For aale at the Agriculiural Waiehouse, 5! North Mi • street, A few dozen hollies of superior old Ulark Currant ' made by a goiilcmaii in ibis vlciniiy ; an aceoiml of iis 1 tent and detergent properiies in various complainik, am lirularly the Sore Till nal Hill lie loiiiid in the New Kit Karnier, vol. v. page 2eep and oiber kinds of stock » well k»"«—;' II •' - I ** ""*' '^°*'l '°r the lable when dia.vr.yoong and lender. It pany. The distance is 14 miles, and the estimated | iai,.r and better iiiihc spring dian .^rangcl Wuriiel. A cost per mile $10,000. The Messrs Stevens are undci'stooil to be the active projectors. Rail Road. — At n public meeting at Newbureh, Orange county, last week, the f«liowing resolu' One is awc-stnick at the dreary desolation that | tion, utiiongst others, was passed : , now reigns in places most celebrated in the history | Resolved, That the Legislature of this State ha most extensive colleeltoii and **ariely of Gar len, K:e! Flower Seeds, Peas, Heaiis. Slc, hoih of European and riean growlh. comprising Ihe greatest variety to be lou New Engia'id. Country dealers supplied on Uie mnsi ! terms, either »ith well assorted boxes lor retail— or : pound or bushel. Jan. 29. tf Seeds for Hot Beds , , , - . , I, I ■ .. For s.nle at the Seed Slore connected w id) the New Eiijht of heathen wor.'>hip and festivity. It seems like a ' petitioned for an act to incorporate a company tor Farmer otTice, No. .'>t. North Markei-sneei, a fine lolii visitation of the Almighty. The once proud and i the construction of a rail road, commencing at or j seeds, boih of American and European gmwtb, for ^ joyous plains where the Isthmian, Nemean, and < near Newburgh, on the Hudson, and terminating I'lfn'^ rirVen' TuXev' rw-«m/i^r"^ atiil o'ibe' varieties— n Olympic games were celebrateil, are now desolate at or near the village of Columbia, on the Dcla- and without inhabitants ; and the (irincipal roads ware river. leading to tbem.'for ninny genenitions periodically thronged by the pride and beauty, the strength and { Rail Road Travelling. — The Mayor of the city power of the civilized world, arc now little more I of Baltimore, the members of both branches of the than gruss-grown foot-pulhs. Around the field of 1 (^'".V Council, with other gentlemen, to the niim- contest, the trophies and statues, the proud pillars, '>fr of forlytwo in all, on Wednesday last, took a the benuirul porticos and shady walks, are gone | ride on the Bnllimore and Ohio Rail Road, to visit alike from the plain and the hillside. We stood the Cairolton Viailuct. Tlicy .seated themselves upon the |ihiiii of Olympia, said Mr A. and could '" i' of the stomach. In one week's time the notices some of the cotiscs of the decrcnse of the 1 •""'I''""" **"" erailicatetl. So simple a i-emedy is Indians. When this part of America was discov- l"''"''"'y worth trying — Mtebuiiiport Herald. Curled Silesia and t'.arlv Tennishall Head /.<u-f.- (from Hollandl— (ireen Ciinm, Pine-aii|* "' olhcr ^fr/oiK— the er Mill beiteut to a distance without pn^ iug maile in ndvniiee. Piiiiied lor J. It. Htissri.I . by I. R Hctt all desc nptiont of I'rinilng can be c»ecii!ed to nir ol cnsloiners. (lrder>for printing reteiied li\ J. II. Ri at the Agriculiural W'nrehouse No. .K Noitk kl AlirHTS. Nnr r.>'-<— f; TiionBiit.-i & .Son.tn l.ihertvslrecuj /»;n7.i<(Wp/ii.i-l>. «t C l..\i«iiBi:Tii.l'.iClies Billimnir — O. II. SMiTit, OlHco of the American Fan Alhjm,—\\ Ml. Jrs-F. lliikL. Fhuhmz.N. )■ \Vm Pkisck&Soss, Prop. I.in. RouI y/...yA"d-Ci.">i.»iN & .Sons. H-nrar. N. S -p. J. Hoi.LAr-n, Esq Recordet Offi^ Uonlrtal, L. <^— A. Uowmaii, Bookseller. VOL. VIII. NEW EWGIiAI^B FAKMEK. Published by John B. Russeli., at JVe. 52 JVorih Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse) — Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 1830. No. 34. RIGINAI, COMMUNICATIONS. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. HEMP. R Fessenden — Your paper of the 15tli Jan- last communicated to your readers a short zc of the exhibition, which had taken place, out of the State House, of several loads of ricau hemp, grown and fitted hy the North- ton Hem]) Company, and whicli were the unners of many more, to the total amount of It one hundred and thirty tons, raised the last on, by that intelligent and well deserving as- ition. Their success must be hailed with h satisfaction by the friends of American hus- Iry and manufactures, being a jjowerful step ard, which the self capability of soil, climate, industry of New England, offer as one of the erous testimonies of her fast developing pow- nd greatness. The immense sums required, 3 the days when Independence begun, to pro- the materials of the cordage, needed for the , will henceforth gradually naturalize them- ;s at home, and meet with a hearty welcome ng our brother farmers. There is no doubt the lands on Connecticut river are not the fields which will be found congenial to the ^th of that useful plant. Good land, where- situated, on the hills and in the dales, is equal- itable ; but it must be remembered that hemp great exhauster, and will not succeed, crop crop, on the same Spot, without the a.ssist- of a sufficient dressing of manure, he great national purpose of cordage, and of cloth, not only may be secured, but the man- ture of fine cloth, fit for shirting, might be luraged, and open another vast field for a ve- ■ofitable industry. There is none equal in Hence, and durability, to Hemp Shirting. nail field of hemp, and a well stocked garden, 3Steemed as two necessary appendages to al- t every farm house in Switzerland ; and the king and drawing of the hemp, as soon as it ady for the purpose, becomes the general em- of the women, young and old, who are sel- seen walking abroad, or sitting at home, out a small hunch of hem* tied to their apron- g, to furnish them with the seasonable and rite employ. It provides the families with , shirting, and table linen, of the most ! ng anil excellent quality. Some linen of a kind is manufactured for sale, and there are ral towns in that country, known for the fa- of those finer sorts, particularly the small of Arau, in the canton of Berne, and all the ges round Mount Voiron in the Alps, where nowy winter mouths are universally employed eaviiig among the families. otton is not an article of our groivth ; we must 1 it from far distant parts, and we must pay for Hemp would furnish us with materials far rable, and would grow readily to our hands, out any other cost, than |)leasant family labor, istry and economy seem therefore to hold forth erful arguments in favor of that culture. Fine p cloth not only furnishes the best shirting, IS also remarkably appropriate for the pur- po.se of printing, and vastly superior to cot-; ton. I Printed cottons are of modern introduction, j England, which, at the present tinie, deluges the | world with this kind of goods, knew very little about printing, fifty years ago. Silks were then the general wear for the genteeler parts of the connnunity, worsted stuffs for the lower classes, and a few printed linen.s, very beautiful and very durable, were imported froin Switzerland. The ij otch began first to print cotton cloth, dark co- lored, with ordinary copper plates. A few years afler, several attempts were made to raise |>rint- ing houses in some of the villages round London. Swiss workmen were imported to begin that manufacture, and form native hands to the same. Manchester came on afterwards, and nov^ exceeds them all. The climate of England not being pro- pitious for the raising of hemp, nor of silk, their p-licy pointed out cotton, as the cheapest niate- rifd they could pay for to foreigners, and they have made a free use of the discovery, as we all know, that in our days, there is not a shop, from th( north pole to Cape Horn, but what is over- floving with British prints, of all natures and de- noriinations. Their outfit is a small affair ; the njaterials are light, and of small pretensions for value, and for durability. But this is the con- smiier's concern ; that of the foreign manufactur- er is to get paid as often as possible, for jirinting, and for colors. It would seem, therefore, that the true policy of New England, should be to take advantage of the privileges of her soil and climate, so congenial to the production of silk, and of hemp, to provide her manufactories vpith those valuable materials, which, in the course of a few year::, might be made to supply her own popula- tion, and a vast surplus for exportation. Our ancient political and private economists, have told, that a penny saved is a penny got, but when economy and industry are jointly concern- ed, as would be the case in this instance, the penny saved might eventually beget a great gain, because the habits and views consequent to the practice of a well directed industry, are far supe- rior to the smaller results of economy isolated and alone. 1 give myself the pleasure to accompany this communication with a sample of hemp linen of Swiss manufacture, the only one I have. It will show the article, which possibly tnay gratify the curiosity of some of your friends. Respectfully yours, J. M. G. Weston, March 9, 1830. Cattle Shoio, Exhibition of Manufactures, Plough- ing Match, and Pnhlii Sale of Animals and Manufactures, at Pawtuxet, R, 1., on Wednesday, the 29th of September, 1830. The Standing Committee of the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Iii- dustry, offer the following Premiums. For Stock. For the best Bull, to be kept in the State one year after the fair, $12. For the next best $10. For the next best $8. For the best Bull Calf $5. For the next best $3. For the next best $2. For the next best $1. For the best Cows not less than three in num- ber, which shall iiave yielded the greatest quanti- ty of milk, in any thirty days previous to the 29th of September, a certificate thereof, duly sworn to, will be required, and the Cows must be exhibit- ed at the fair $12. For the next best Cows not less than two in number — same conditions $8. For the best Cow — same conditions $5. For the best two year old Heifer, having had a calf — same conditions $6. For the next best do do do $4. For the best Heifer yearling $4. For the next best do $2. For the best pair of working Cattle, to have been owned in this State at least three month.":, not exceeding six years old $8. For the next best $3. For the next best $4. For the next best $2. For the best j)air three year old Steers $6. For the next best $-1. For the next best $2. For the best pair two year old Steers $S. For the next best $4. For the next best $3. For the best Merino or Saxony Ram to be kept in the State one year after the fair $8. For the next best do — same conditions $6. For the next do do do $4. For the best Eves, not less than six in nutn- ber $6. For the next best do do $4. For the best Boar to be kept in this State until the 1st of April, 1831, $6. For the next best do do do $4. For the next best do do do $2. For the best Pigs not less than two in number, nor less than four months old, nor more than eight months, to have been raised in the State $6. For the next best, 4$. For the next best, $2. For the best stud horse not less than three years old, having been kept for mares in the State the season previous, and to be kept for mares the year succeeding the fair $30. For the best brood Mare and foal by a horse that may be deemed of the best blood $10. For the next best do — same conditions $8. No stock from distilleries or breweries, will be entitled to any premium. No animal on which a premium has heretofore been awarded, shall be entitled to a second premium, except it be for an entirely distinct premium, and for qualities diffe- rent from those for which the former premium was awarded. For Grain, Vegetable Crops, and Agricultural Ex- periments. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Indign Corn on not less than four acres in one piece of ground, and not less than eighty bushels to the acre $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Corn on not less than one acre of land, and not less than one hundred bushels $10. To the person who shall raise the next greatest quantity do do $6. To the person who shall raise the greatest, quantity of Barley on not less than two acres $8. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Onions in proportion to the land culti- vated $5. To the person who shall raise the next greatest quantity $3. 266 NEW ENGL/VM) FAIMIEU, Mar. 12, 1830. To the person wlio bliuU raise the greatest quantity of Millet on an acre, cut and cured for liay, the cUiliiiant giving eviilciice of the time of cluiineil, is liurvested, and llie entire e.\|peiise of ^ Tor ilic best Miiij|ile of dewing Silk jjs. F cultivution. ■. the next best do $4. The statement of crops must also be accompa- ■ Ploughing Match. sowing, the quantity of seed sown, uiid the quan- j nied l>y a certificate taken uniler oath of two re- ( First Plough, $10 i^ixth do ! tity of hay produced §10. spectuble person^, who a^^^isted in measuring them. Second ' 9 Seventh do To the person who shall raise the greatest as well as a ccrlificule of a surveyor of the 'I'liird ' 8 Eighth ' quantity of Potatoes on an acre of land $10. measurement of the laud, together with a plat of I'ourih ' 7 Ninth ' To the person who shall raise the next greatest the same. 1 Fifth ' G quantity .f8. For Shop Manii/aclurts . i The depth to be ploughed will not be h>3 t|j To the person who shall raise the next greatest For the best side of sole Leather, with a written ' live inches, and the breadth of tlie furrow : quantity $G. statement duly certified, of the mode and time of more than twelve inches. To the j)erson who shall raise the greatest tanning $f. The strictest regulations will he adopted, quantity of Beets on not less than a quarter of an For the best Belt Leather .*•!. insure the proper nianagement of the CatI ocre of ground S."). For the best while oak Hogshead ijl. For the They will not be permitted to be driven fa.. For the best barrel of Cider $8. For the best dozen of Bottled Cider §3. Should the Society retain the barrel fur which the jiremium is awarded, they will pay in addition to the premium Four dollars. Should they retain the Bottles for whiili the premium is awarded, they will ]iay in addition to the premium. Two dollars. A premium fur the best Cider will be offered at the fair succeeding this. Persons claiming a premium must state in writing the jirocess of ma- king and managing their Cider, and the kind of ajiples used. Competitors for the above premiums must fur- nish the Secretary on or before the first of Decem- ber, 1830, with written slalemcnis, certified by disinterested and respectable ]>ersoiis, ns to the following particulars. 1st. — The state and riualily uf the l.iml in llie Hpriiig of 1830. 2d. — The product and general state of cultiva- tion, and quantity of manure em]il«yed on it in the year preceding. 3d. — The ipiantily of manure used the present season. •nil. — The quantity of seed used, nnd if pota- toes, the sort. 5lh. — The time and manner of sowing, weed- ing, anil harvesting the crop, nnd the amount of the prodtict ascertained by ariual mcnsmrmeril, after the whole jiroducc for whirh a premium is Cutter, best Horse Harrow. j serving ol it. Three dollars also to each of the following, not Any attempts to obtain premiums by unfair pr« less than twelve in number. tices will be punisheil by a forfeiture of the |ii Hoes, Scythes, Iron Shovels, Axes, Rakes. mium, should it have been awardcil before a d Implemcntsofllushandry, and articles of Shoii"[''°yeO'. »"■'"■'" a's" preclude the offender fn manufacture of superior excellence, not particu-i '"^'"K I"^""""^'^ '° ''Pl'ly f"'" premiums in fuiu larly enumerated, may receive premiums at the '''■'^'"""""S '° '"= ''«'"'""'l«d within six months nff<- discretion of the examining Committee. ''"-"y >"'« awarded. RICHARD WARD GREENE, .?«./. From the Sullivan Mercury. A.MERICAN HEMP. Being desirous to lay before our agriculiii •j.- Butter and Cheese. Fur the host Cheese, all from the same daiiy, not less in quantity than 100 [lounds $S. For tlie next best do .*6. For the next best do $4. For the best Butter, not less than 40 jtouods , .«10. For the next best §8. For the next best i readers all the information we could obtain re $6. For the next best .S.5. For the next best $4. ''^'^ '" i'"-" o''o«ih and management of Hemp For the next best §3. For the next best $2. | o""" country, which article, as we have previou For the best firkin of Butter, of not less than ] •'^•'"^<'' '""* •""■'''<^"''' """-''' ""cntion of late, i fifty pounds, to have been made in the months Of/"°re on account of its novelty in market, ih June and July, accompanied with a certificate du- I ''"■ ''s superior (piality, we addressed u leti. i ly sworn to, §6. ^'r E. M. Bartlett of Northampton, Mass. recp,. For ti.e I'lcxt best firkin— same conditions, $4. P"S '"'" '° '"'"'"'-'' "^ "'''' " 'lescription of' Household .Manufactures. '""':'""'= ,"=''^^' '" ''''"'''"8 .'"•""'l' '">■ ""^ ^'"'"1'" . For the best ,,iece of Carpeting J wide, „„, I «""" l'l"ce, together with the .nethod pursi , not less than fifteen vards $G. Fo.- the next best [" P^'='','""'- '■ ^ "r 'u • , ''" ^■'^, '^^■"' l'""4 o S4. For the next best do |S3 > ^"'"''''^ "■'"' ""-' f''"""""g •"^P'-V. « h.ch we I I' .1 I . 1 . r 11 I •. II I the iileasure ol inscruiig m our co umiis for i !■ or the best lot of woollen knit Hose, at least ■ , \. ^ ,, , , , . '""^ '"' i .1 „:.. c.-i IT ,1 1 . /I I J o-> : benefit of all those who take an interest there three pair 5'2. I- or the best flax or hemp do §2. ' . , , , "-'"-'" ""-re I' . .1.,. I., „. ri ,.,„., i„ *o I- .11. . J ' presumiii',', however, that as we have no cxue r or the best Cotton do ijlS. r or the best worsted ' . .. •■ . «-»p«: he ben Silk do ,*•< i ^"'^'^ '" put in competition with that of men w t piece of woollen" flannel X wide, ' '"'^■•' '^7°"=^' '^"''^J^^^ to agricultural pursuir ast, §.5. For the next best do ,*3. I >v« °"S " "° t° "A" »"y »' vice on the subject . do §2. For the best Silk do §3 For the bcs 30 yards at least For the best piece of woollen cloth, fulled and dressed, "J wide, ami IC yards long at least, .*3. For the next best ilo .*2. For the best woollen blankets |^, S;!. For th^ next best do .§3. All to have been mamifarturcd in this State We shiiild suppose at the first glance of subject, that a crop of Hemp prepared for i market with the facility here described, would more profitable to our farmers than any olb crop they coulil raise; but at the same lime, i know there is a vast dillerence between rcadiiu system in print, and carr\ing on the opcraliuiM within the last year, and n certificate thereof re- L|gj^,,.ii,p5,^ •„, ,1,^ f,^\^^ ''"'"' Messrs EniTons — Yours of the ISih, dirceo (U^For Mulbemj Trees and Rata Silk. to Col. E. M. Bartlett of this tow ii, has been p To any person who may within the present into our hands, with a request ihnt I wo"uld • season have raised on one; piece of land the hir- swcr it. ;;cst iiuinber of tluidy Mulberry Trees, not less Hiiies & Bain's Machine fi.r dressing Hetl than oue thousand, a cerlilicnte thereof being re- and Flax, (patented to Joseph Hiiifs) coii,-i»t« quired, §.5. For the next greatest ipiPlilily, not sixty pairs of fluted rollers or cylinders, placi less than one thousaiul, $4. For the next do do jhorizonlally on a form ohout four leet in leiift do do, $3. [The rollers are about liuir feet in leniilh. ai For the largest quantity of Raw Silk §.5. For; about six inches in diameter. These roil the next do do do .$1. For the next dodo do I (excepting two pair near the head of the marl. i. §:;. For the next do do do .?2. For the next i which are cast iron,) are made of rock maple, ni the flutings iu the rollers arc graduated for eac lo dodo .'il. Vol. VIII No. 34. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 267 I r from the head to the foot of the machine. h roller has a level w!ieel on the end of it, icli connects with a line-shaft, on which arc aho I wheels, interlocking with those on the rol- At the head of the machine is an apron on [■h the hemp stem is laid, and passes into the lers, similar to wool into a cardin>; machiiig. nice and exact is the graduation of the fl'.itin.gs li ;he rollers, that the hemp, in passing through machine, always preserves the same relative tion, until it passes upon another apron at the t of the machine, where it is taken off by one the workmen. In passing through the ma- ne, every inch of stem receives about one hun- d and sixty strokes of the roller, which divest most wholly of the woody matter or shives. 3ur process of dressing hemp and flax is as ows : — rVhen the hemp is gathered from the field, it is ced under shelter from the storm.'s, that the 11 may be left clean, and of a bright golden Before it is put into the machine, we keep few days in a dry house, warmed by .Trtificial t, until the stem is sufficiently dry to be di- ted of the woody matter by the machine. After ning the stem through the machine, the hemp ound in bundles, and rotted in clean water un- gum or mucilage, which is contained in the is entirely disengaged. It is then taken 11 the water and dried, after which it is again ed through the machine to soften it — then n the dressers to disengage the tow when it is or market. ou may have seen some notices in the Boston vspapers, of some Hemp forwarded to that from the machine in this place. It is now onger a matter of experiment with us, and hink we have satisfactorily established these n relation to the production of a new source vealtli in our country, beyond all controversy. t. — That hemp can be grown in this country ood, if not better quality, and in greater ilities upon an acre, than in Russia. . — That upon rich lands, such as will pro- a good crop of corn or grass, it is much profitable to the farmer than any other crop n grow. — That it can be dressed by machinery with 3idity almost surpassing credibility, (a ton per without any injury to the fibre, and with far waste than if done by hand, ith these advantages, I look forward to the when all importations of hemp and hempen s into this country shall cease, and when the rtation of this article to foreign markets, form one of the staples of our country. Yours, respectfully, SAMUEL WELLS, Jr. }rthamptoni Mass. Jan. 27, 1830. From the first of which I have sent you some seeds in jiackage. [Extract of a letter from a gentleman in North Carolina, tiansmiltcd to Wm Prince of the Linnaean Botanic Garden ] 1 have always been of o|iinioii since my grape vines have been pjogressing, that four hands would cultivate the Scii|ipernong, and make more money annually than twenty of the ablest hands "ould tnake from Tobacco, Cotton, or any other crop that is cultivated in our part of the country, — I am now of opinion that two hands can do it. VoM well know the few grape vines I have in my garden, eight in number, vvhich occupy a quarter of nn acre. Prom these, this fall, I have made sixleen barrels of wine, say 31 J gallons each, ma- king in all 504 gallons; this at ,$1 per gallon will bring to the acre .?i2016. I am told that in the eastern part of the state, say Roanoke Island, that there are some single vines that will yield five barrels of wine each season. in the middle in an isolated ball of earth ; fill the trench with plaster of Paris, which will become hard in a few minutes, and form a case to the ball and jilant, which may be lifted and moved anywhere at ])Ieasure. — French paper. The admirers of rare and beautiful flowers may be much gratified by calling at the garden of John Prince, Esq. at Jamaica Plains, where they can see lUe beautifid E'jwardsia Grandijlora, a native of New Holland, in full flower. HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. act of a letter from Samuel Bailie, Esq. of Virginia, Vm Prince of the Linnaean Botanic Garden.] ave for your information taken thy dimen- of two Wilding Plum trees. e girth at bottoin of first tree is 3 ft. 9J ins. e height of the same to two forks 3 ' 0 ' rth of first fork 2 ' 6 ' of second 2 ' 2 ' pposed to be from 15 to 20 feet high to the f the branches. lond tree mean girth 3 ft. 5 ins. ight to the forks 5 ' 5 ' WALKER'S IMPROVED FANNING MILLS. Walker's Improved Fanning Mill is of a very simple and easy construction, and is considered as a great improvement upon the common mills now in use. They can be furnished at a less price, are not liable to get out of order, and easily kept in rcjiair. Old machines may be altered at a very trifling expense, will clean a bushel of wheat, rye, oats, or any kind of grain per minute, W'th less than one half the labor used \>'ith com- mon machines. The above Machines will be for sale at the Agi-icultural Warehouse, 52, North Market-street, Boston. The Baltimore Gazette says that a gentleman who was present at the recent exhibitions of the several steam engines, upon the Liverpool and Manchester Rail Road, informs them that such was the easy and perfect control under which they were managed, that the Novelty, when running at the rate of ihirlijlivo miles an hour, was stopped within the distance of twice her length, without any apparent concussion or shock to the machine- ry. This proves that the rate of speed at which these vehicles may be carried is much greater than was anticipated. — Patriot. From the American Farmer. GRAPES. The advantage of engrafting JVativc Grape Vines with those more delicate and choice. Having read Mr Coxe's account of his success- ful experiments in engrafting various kinds of de- licate foreign and other grape vines on the com- mon native vines of his fields, in the American Farmer, vol. x. No. 21, I wag encoin-aged to make the experiment according to his directions ; the mode is the same as is generally ])ractised in cleft grafting the apple tree, with the exception of the grafts being inserted even with, or below the sur- face of the ground, and instead of using composi- tion or clay around the stocks and grafts, the common earth is drawn around them to the top of the upjier bud of the graft. My experiments confirm the correctness of the statement given by Mr C. of some of his grape vines having grown ten feet the first summer a^r grafting. J engrafted tvvo scions of the Isabella grape on one large stock of what is commonly called the Chicken grape, one of which grew twelve feet, and the other nine feet last summer ; the side shoots pruned off" during tiie season mea- sured thirty feet in length. The vines may be seen at Sinclair and Mofire's Nursery, three miles from Baltimore. I thought this coincidence of results was so encouraging, and that the mode of grafting would be so useful, that it should be luade known in our country generally. R. SINCLAIR. 1st Mo. 23, 1830. Transplanting Shrubs in full growth. — Dig a narrow trench round the plant, leaving its roots Agriculture in Bengal. — An Agricultural and Horticultural Society has been established in Cal- cutta, of which distinguished natives are members, and in which they appear to take great interest. Hon. Mr Wille, of Georgia, has procured a sample of Spanish Wheat from Malaga, called IVigo Rtcio, which resists the injuries to which grain is liable in the field and granary. It makes a brilliant white flour ; but the English millers complain of the difficulty of grinding it, from its hardness. At Newcastle, Del. 4th inst. books were open- ened for the subscription of $125,000, for a Rail Road thence to Frenchtown, Md. On that day .$87,000 was subscribed. Brighton Market. — Monday^ March 8. (Repoiled for ihe Chronicle and Pniriol.) At market this day, 528 Beef Cattle 53 Stores : 557 Sheep and 165 Swine, divided as follows: Old .Market, 318 Beef Cattle: 12 Stores and 273 Sheep. JVew .Market, 210 Beef Cattle: 41 Stores: 284 Sheep and 165 Swine. The above statement exhibits a larger number of Beef Cattle at market than usually happens at this season of the year, and consequently produ- ces what the Drovers term " a glut," and gene- rally a reduction in prices, which was the fact in the present case of about 25 cts. per cwt. 127 Beef Cattle and nearly all the Stores remained unsold at the close of the market — we omit giving prices until the market shall have become more settled. Milch Cows — Good Cows arc in demand, but they are as scarce as the drover's [irofits ordi- nary ones plenty: we noticed sales of a few at $20 a $27, and 3 by auction, at .$18, .$15 50, and .$15. Sheep — The Sheep Market seems to be "inde- finitely postponed" — for the last three weeks, the business has been extremely limited — the only sales made today, were 1 lot of 60 at .$3 17 ; 1 do 10 at-$2 each. Swine — Those at market today the same we reported the last two weeks — a few were retailed at 5 a 6 cts. and the remainder taken in two lots, at 4 cts. per lb. each. 268 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Mar. 12, 1830 LIBRARY or L'SErUL KNOWLICPUii. [C*erfectly etrai K There needs not a moment's coiuideralion ic ' assured that a horse with his knees bent, from a slight cause, and especially if he be o c weighteil, come down. The back should be straight and short, yet ficiciitly long to leave comfortable room for)* saddle between the shoulders and the AucA- out |iressing on either. Soaic persons jiref jec hollow-backed horse. It is generally an easy iw lo go. It will canter well with a lady ; bi will not carry a heavy weight, or stand n * hard work. The road-horse should be high in liic forehi » round in the barrel ; and deep in the chest : saddle will not then press too fonvard, but girths will remain, leilhout crupper, firmly fix« their proper place. A hackney is far more valuable for the plea; ne.ss of his paces, and his safety, good ten and endurance, than for his S[ieed. We ri want to go more than eight or ten miles ii hour; and, on a journey, not tuore than si seven. The fast horses, and especially the trotters, are not often easy in their pace-, although they may perform very extraoril feats, are disabled and worthless when the sli horse is in his prime. Mont of our readers probably are horse Their memories will supply them with man inst;ince of intelligence and fidelity in the h aneen in that part of the con The road was ditficult to find, but by dmi o quiry, he at length reached the place he soi Two years jiassed orer, and he had again i sion to take the same journey. No one rodi * horse but himself, and he was perfectly as- thai the animal had not since been in that i tion. Three or four miles before he rcnche journey's end, he was benighted. — Ho had t< verse moor and common, and he could sca^!i see his horse's iiead The r.iin began "Well," thought he, "here I am, far from bouse, I know not, nor can I see an inch o road. I have heard much of the memory o «< horse, — it is my only hope now, — so my fellow," throwing the reins on the horse's . '■ go on." In half an hour he was safe i friend's gate. The following anecdote, given on the autb^: of Professor Kruger, of Halle, proves hoti sagacity and fidelity of the lioi-se. — A friend o riding home through a wood in n dark i struck his head against the branch of a tree, fell from hi> horse stunned. The steed imi atcly relumed to the house which they had \fl left, and which was now closed, and ihe fain bed, and pnwetl at the door until some one and opened it. He turned about, and the wondering at the alTnir, followed him: tho 1 o ful and intelligent animal led him to the where his master lay senselcss-on the ground Cunningham, in his valuable account of South Wales, vol. i. p. 2<>S, says, " A frn : mine, in the habit of riding a good deal, i that whenever he ajproarhed a golly, his cious horse invariably opposed his « islirs to at the particular spot he hod been orrusloiii' always endeavoring to load ofT to another |> i i' T:-: Vol. VIII.— No. 34. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 2C9 e gully, where no passage was known to exist y his rider. Resolving to see whither the cun- ling rogue would go, he gave him the rein, and )on found himself carried over the gully by a )Ute he had never before followed. Still, how- ver, thinking that the former way was the near- 3t, he was curious enough to have both niea- jred, when he fouml the horse's judgment, cor- ct ; that way being the nearest by several huu- red yards." ki Of the paces of the hackney, and of horses menerally, and the principle of the walk, the trot, le canter, and the gallop, we shall be better able Hi speak, when the structure of the horse, varying 1 different breeds, has been explained. HORTICULTURE. ECUNDATION OF PLANTS, FRUITS, &c. Mr Fessenden — The method of producing w varieties of fruits, by artitioial fecundation, IS been extensively applied to flowers, ornamental irubs, and trees, by the nursery-men of England, ance, and Hollaml. It has been successfully i|; Ti ployed on the Magnolia, Rhododendron, Azalea, amellia, and other ligneous plants, as well as lose of the herbaceous families, and many superb ybrid kinds have been created. With the hope, that attempts will be made in is country, to nuiltiply in the same manner, our irielies of horticultural products, I inclose an xtract, giving the details of experiments made ion Carnations, which will indicate, with sufli- ent exactness, the process to be observed in cundating all other plants, from the most humble, the monarchs of the forest. There are no trees or shrubs more valued in urope for embellishing jiicturesque grounds, than e magnificent varietiesof the American Magnolia, ndronieda. Azalea, Kalmia, and Rhododendron. MAG.VOIIA. There are nine species indigenous to the United II tates, seven of which have been described by [iCHAUX. 1. — Magnolia Grandifora, or Big Laurel, is one r the largest trees of the United States, sonie- mes attaining the height of ninety feet, and three et in diameter ; but its ordinary stature is from 0 to 70 feet. The leaves are ever green, X or eight inches long, and of a brilliant green 1 their upper surface. The flowers are white, of n agreeable odor, and seven or eiglR-Vnches III road. Blooming in the midst of a rich foliage, ley produce so fine an effect, that this tree is Jiisidered one of the most beautiful productions r the vegetable kingdom. It is not seen growing, (I aturally, this siile of North Carolina. 2. — Magnolia Glauca, — Small Magnolia, or k^hite Bay, rises to the height of forty feet, with diameter of twelve or fourteen inches in the arolinas and Georgia, but in the Middle and orthern States does not generally exceed ten or velve, and yields blossoms at the height of five r six feet. The leaves are five or six inches long, f a dark shining green above, and glaucus or ray underneath. They fall in anlumn. The owers are two or three inches broad, white, and ery fragrant. It is found as far north as Cape iDB. 3 — Magnolia Jlccuminata or Cucumber Tree; — equals in height and diameter the Big Laurel ; W leaves are six or seven inches long, and three or four broad oti old trees, but upon saplings, growing in moist plai-cs, they are oflen twice as large : they fall in autumn. The flowers, which are five or six inches in diameter, are bluish, and sometimes with a tint of yellow, and have a feeble perfmne. It is found as far north as Niagara river. 4. — Magnolia Cordaia, or Heart-leaved Cucum- ber Tree, rises to the height of forty or fifty feet ; the leaves are from four to six inches in length, and from three to four wide, smooth, and entire ; the flowers are yellow, with the interior of the petal marked with reddish lines; they are nearly four inches in diameter. This tree is found on the streams, in the interior of the Carolinas and Georgia. 5. — Magnolia Tripetala, or Umbrella Tree, sometimes rises to the height of thirtyfive feet. Its leaves, which are thin, oval, and entire, are eighteen to twenty inches long, and seven or eight wide ; they are often disposed in rays at the ex- tremities of vigorous shoots, and thus display a surface from thirtysix to forty inches in diameter; whence is derived the name of Umbrella Tree. The flowers are seven or eight inches in diameter, white, and situated at the extremity of the branches. They have a less agreeable aroma than those of the other species of the Magnolia ; but they are beautiful, and the tree is magnificent. It is found as far north as New York. 6. — Magnolia Auriculata, or Long-leaved Cu- cumber Tree, is found only in a small tract of the Alleghany Mountains, which traverses the South- ern States ; it attains the height of forty or forty- five feet ; leaves light green, eight or nine inches long, and from four to six broad ; they are smooth on both surfaces ; the base is divided into rounded lobes. The flowers are three or four inches in diameter. 7. — Magnolia Macrophylla, or Large-leaved Umbrella Tree. Of all the species of the Mag- nolia, this is the most remarkable for the size of its leaves and flowers ; is the least multiplied, and is rarely met with except in the forests of the Carolinas and Tennessee, where they are by no means connnon. It does not e.xceed thirtyfive feet in height. The leaves are sometimes thirty- live inches long, and nine or ten broad ; they are of an oblong oval shape, pointed at the extremity, and cordiform at the base ; color light green above, and glaucus beneath : they fall in the autumn. The flowers are larger than those of any other species ; white, and eight or nine laches in diam- eter ; within the flower, near the bottom of the petals is a purple spot ; they diffuse a fragrant odor, and their beauty is heightened by the luxu- riant foliage which smTOunds them. There are two other American species of the Magnolia, which have not been described by MicHAux ; one is called the Piramidata, and the other resembles the Cordata. All the varieties are easily raised from the seeds which are contained in cones of various sizes, from two to five inches in length, and from one to two inches in diameter. ANDROMEDA. Many of the species of this shrub abound in the United States, and arc known under the com- mon trivial name of the He-Tfhortleberry, because they resemble the whortleberry bushes, and bear no fruit. They are all beautiful, hardy, deciduous shrubs, bearing white and flesh-colored flowers, and delight in moist ground ; they may be in- creased by their creeping roots, which put up suckers at a distance, or propagated by seeds and layers. Bartram considers the — 1. — Andromeda Formosissima, or Indian Pipe Stem, the most beautiful. It is an evergreen, and the Creek Indians set a high value on the shoots, two years old, for making their pipe steins, being very straight, and from 12 to 15 feet long. 2. — Andromeda Calycidata, or Dwarf Andro- meda. A low evergreen shrub ; found in Milton, near Neponset river; flowers in April. 3. — Andromeda Arhora, or Sorrel Tree, is the only species which rises a suflicieut height to bo ranked among forest trees. It first aj)pears on the Alleghaiiies in Virginia, and is found to their termination in Georgia. In the valleys of North Carolina, they have been seen fifty feet high, and twelve or fifteen inches in diameter, which is ex- traordinary, as the other nine or ten species, so numerous in the Atlantic states, rarely exceed six feet in height, and an inch in diameter, and some of them do not rise higher than four feet. The leaves of the sorrel tree are downy in the spring, but become smooth in acquiring iheir growth ; they are oval-acuminate, finely dentii'ulateii, and from four to five inches long'. The flowers are small, white, and formed into spikes, five or six inches in length. KALMIA. The shrubs of this genera, in the United States, are known under the names of Laurel, Lamb- kill, Ivy, Spoon-wood, and Calico-bush. Doctor Bigelow observes, that "Peter Kalm, a i)upil of LinnEBUs, who travelled in North America in 1748 — 9, has liad the honor of giving name to one of the most elegant family of flowering shrubs which this continent produces." Four specie.s have been described. 1. — Kalmia Lalifolia, Mountain or Broad Leav- ed Laurel, is common in the northern states, and embellishes the flanks of the Alleghany moun- tains, from Pennsylvania to Georgia. It some- times attains the size of a small tree. The leaves are oval-acuminate, entire, and about three inches long. The flowers are disposed in corymbs, at the extremity of the branches ; they vary from white to red. 2. — Kalmia Angustifolia, or Narrow Leaved Laurel. This is a low shrub, with rose-colored flowers, very common in low grounds in all parts of New England, and is known by the names of Lamb-kill, Sheep-poison, Low Laurel, &c. Flow- ers in lateral corymbs, proceeding from the axils of the leaves, and forming a sort of whorl round the stem ; blooms in June. There are two other species, the Glauca and Hirsuta. AZALEA. The shrubs of this genera are from two to fif- teen feet high. The corollas, or flowers, are bell or funnel shaped. There are the five following species, the two first of which are found in New England, and the others are natives of the south- ern states. 1. — Azalea Viscosa, commonly called Wild Ho- neysuckle, or Swamp Pink. Grows among the brushwood in low land. Corolla funnel shaped, generally white, hairy and glutinous on the out- side. Five varieties occur in the color of the leaves, parts of the flower, and sinifll branches ; blooms in June and July. 2.— Azalea Midifora, or Naked Azalea. There are eight varieties, having either scarlet, deep red, 270 Nr.W EXGLAM) I AUMER, Mnr. 12, 1630. pale rcti, wlme, Hcsh colored, yelloxv, yellow ni.d been ino.lc l.y foreign floriculturisla to increase white, or red and white rtowers. They grow in , tlic catalogue of Roses, l.y producing new kinds rich soil.-, and along the borders of swamps and from the .scc.ls ; and so fortunate havr: been their streum.s ; si;vciul of lliciii are coinriion iu Worces- ter, Princeton, Dougla.s, Sandwich, and many parts of this state. 3. — Aznha CnUndulacea. Grows in light sandy soils. There are three varieties, with flame, rose colored, and bright yellow flowers. 4. — Azalea Cunescens. Flowers rose colored. 5. — Azalta ISicolur. Flowers of a palo rose color, or nearly white, with a deep red tube. RIIODODENnnOiN. There are three species of this superb genera of flowering shrubs in the United Stales ; the Maximum, I'unctntum, and Catawbienso. 1, — Rhododendron Maximinii, or RosQ Bay, usually presents iisell" in the form of a shrub of less than ten feet high ; but it soinctiiiies rises to the lieiglit of twontylivc feet, with a diameter of five inches. It is found from Canada to near the eout.heni extremity of the Ifnion. The leaves are lose colored when beginning to uiifuld, and arc covered with a red down ; when fully expanded, they are scnootli, five or si.\ inches long, of an elongated oval form, and of a thick texture. They arc evergreen. The flowers aro commonly rose colored, with yellow dots on the inside. I'ursli has designated three varieties of this species. 1. The Ued, which inhabits swamps, and the borders of mountain lakes, from Maine to Ca- rolina ; 2. White, found in the swamps of New Jersey and Delaware ; 3. Purple, on the highest mountains of Vir- ginia and Carolina. This last variety is reprc scnted as peculiarly icagnlficent, growing to the ■sizi; of a small tree, and its foliage triple the size of any other species. Besides the above named ornamental shrubs and trees, there are numerous others, which claim our attention from their rich foliage and suiierb flowers. The Gordonia Laaianlhua, or Loblolly Bay, and the Gordonia Pubescens, or Franklinia, are ma"!!!- ficent flowering trees. They are natives of the most sixithcrn states, but the former has been ciil- • xpcrimenis, that Desi-ortes has given a nnmcp- duture of 2562 varieties, which were cultivated in France in 1828. Most sincerely. Your obedient servant, Brinley Place, ) II. A. S. DEARBORN. March 3, 1830. / EXTRACT yo. VII. From the Annales D'Hortlculturc. Inalruclions for artificially fecundating Carnations cultivated in pots :—[>y M. Fries-Morel. The numerous varieties of Carnations, which can be obtained by artificial fecundation, should induce amateurs to devote themselves to this pro- cess. The manner of proceeding is as follows : The operation must be performed, before the blossom is entirely expanded. The corollas should be carefully o|iencd, and the anthers immediately extracted with delicate scissors, great caution be- ing used not to wound the fillets which siipport them, or any other part of the flower. The fa- vorable moment for executing this, is that which precedes the rising of the sun ; because at that time, the pollen being humid, it is closely attach- ed to the anthers. Between eight and nine o'clock, the plants be- ing exposed to the full influence of the sun,— the perfectly matured pollen from another variety of carnation, must be taken and placed with care upon the stigma of the flortcr, which it is intend- ed to fecundate, and from which the anthers have been extracted ; repeat this operation, two or three times during the day. If the process has been successful, the flower, on which the experiment was made, will fade or wither in twentyfour or tbirtysix hours ; on the contrary, if fecundation has not been eft'ected, the corolla will preserve entire, for ten or twelve days and more, all its freshness and splendor ; it will then be necessary to repeat the operation, which should always be performed in dry wea- ther; and it is proper that the plant should he The number of sceils obtained by an is uc> so considerable, as when nature operates alone. Plants which aro artificially fecundated, ai not so much visited by bees, and other insec probably because these plants have beer, depriv of their anthers. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTOX, FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 1830. L tivated in the Botanical Garden, founded by Dr protected from the rain and mist, until a swell IIosicK, near New York ; and the latter in I\I Bartram's garden, four or five miies from Pliila delpliia, which formore than twentyfivcyearsit re mained uninjured by the severity of the winter- it is therefore probable they may bo acclimated as far north as Boston, Seeds of the Azalea, Kalmia, Andromeda, Mag- nolia, Tulifi Tree, and Sassafras, have been sent, within a few years, to Catros and Gerand, of Bordeaux, by Mr IIuisler, a very respectable nurseryman of Baltimore ; which have been suc- cessfully planted, and all that part of Franco is now supplied with those highly prized shrubs nnd trees. In the garden of Fromont, there are 30,000 Magnolia, and SO.OOO Kalmia plants, which have been raised from the si;ed, within three years ; ami nearly one hnnilred kinds of the A/.aIca are cultivated in that extensive establishment. The garduncrs of the Netherlands have bestowed great attention to the cultivation of this beautiful native of onr forests; ami one of the varieties recenllv obtained, by artificial fecundiilion, has been sold for 800 florins, or 320 dollars. Within a few years, surprising efi'orts have IS perceived in the ovary or germ. By fre(pient waterings, and exjiosing the plants to the north, the maturity of the pollen and the stigma may be retarded. The duration of the faculty of procreation va- ries remarkably in the |)ollcn of several plants of the same species ; in some it continues only for two or three days, but in others from ten to twelve. When the fecundation has really taken place, the pollen, which had been artificially placed up- on the stigma, remains so closely attached, that it cannot be removed with a hair fiencil ; it changes form and color, and soon disappears; but this is not the ca.se, if the fecundation has not been per- fect, and the pollen is easily detached from the stigma ; its color and form is not changed, and it remains visible, until the total destruction of the flower. The greater the m( wlucli are Green Turkrv Cummlier. a-nd other varieties— Early I Si^sia and Harlv Tennis-liall Head Leitiicf— fine Early lower (from H(ilUnd)— Green Ciniin, Pineapple; and Melons— \.\\e trite Enrlv Short top Scarlet and Turnip Ra(/is/iM— Early York, Early Dulrh, Early Emperor, Sugar leal', and Early Baltersea Cinfeo-M.— Also. Ear- nip Blood Beet, and Early Horn Cjrrot. (a pecnllarly e sort for the table) -and every nlher variety of Kitthcil n Vegetable Seeds, cultivated in the United Stales. . 29. If Wants a place. As a founds; '2d do. 71 pounds ; 3d ilo. 63 pounds. Three experiments, 208 pounds. Jimerican Hemp — A single yarn of the same size and length as the Russian raiseil — 1st expe- riment, 80 pounds ; 2d do. 79 pounds; 3d do. 91 pounil.s. Three experiments, 250 pounds ; giving the American hemp the preference, in the three trials, in point of strength, of more than 20 per cent. Two deep sea lines of equal size, length and j Petitions are in circulation at Albany for the weight, one of Russian and the other of Aineri- incorporation of a company for a rail road be- Inlroduclion of Potatoes into .\'ew England. — Mr Enos Pope, an aged gentleman belonging to Danvers, noticing the paragraph in our last, re- lating to the introduction of potatoes, has inform- ed us, that Ills grandfather, who was born in 1690, saw potatoes growing in the garden of Eppes, Esq. in Boston, before the year 1711. Mr Poi)e mentions that his grandfather's curiosity to know what these were, induced him to inquire of Mr Eppes, who informed him " they were Irish potatoes." — Salem Observer. il>usbe, best, - GRAIN, Corn, Rve, Barley, Otiw, HOG'S LAUD, 6rsi«on, new, I.IME. I'l.AI.STER PARIS retails at I'ORK, clear, Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, - Orrh,(rd Gr.Tss, • - " Fowl Mcaduw, - - - i " Rye Grass, - - ' " Tall .Meadow Oals Grass, - \ " Red Top . - . . " Lucerne, - - . - |>ound. White HoLcysuckle Clover, " Red Clover.'(noriliern| - " French Sogar Beet, - - " WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - " Merino, full b!ood, unNAnshed, " iMer.no, three fourths washed, , ** Merino, hall blood, • - " Merino. quar'.er washed, - " Native, waslied, . - - " Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - " Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, ** Pulled, " spinning, first son, " Abductions in JVew York. — The strange occur- rences in New York, for the last two months, seem to authorize a belief that neither man, wo- man, child, nor beast, is safe in that city. The kidnappers have carried off one or two men, two children, and two young ladies! The last case occurred a few days since. It was the abduction of a young lady, aged 17, and a gentleman hold- ing a respectable office in that city, has been com- mitted to prison, on su.-!picion of L-tving been con- cerned in it. On his examination, lie stated that he did not carry her off, but one of his acquaint- ance did, whose name he could not disclose. The lady, he said, was enceinte, which our readers will not mistake for un saint. 130 UUI3» Inn oOloO 7j 1 9 25 » 7 73 8 6 75 7 It 6 i 5 00 5 d 50 4 3 6i 3 75 7 OOJ barrel. 15 00 |i bushel.! 1 75 40; •5; 3J* 331 28' is 40) 30' 33, The Millenium at hand. — It is stated, that a learned writer, in Europe, has satisfactorily proved, by interpretations of the prophecies, that the Mil- lenium will begin in 1833. So that, if the picture of the Millenimn, as painted by one of the old fa- thers, is to be realized, we Ktand a tolerable chance of enjoying a long life and a merry one. " Those living in the titne of the Millenium," says this writer, " shall not die ; but during thfse thousand years, shall produce an infinite multituile of children." — " The rocks ivill drop honey : wine will run in streets, and the rivers ovtrfloic with milk." During the prevalence of the mild weather, in the fiire part of this winter, n trader in Franklin county was thus accosteil by one of liis custom- ers: " Mr Yanlstick, I've brought back the Al- Miaiiac I bought of ye, for I iloti'l h'lievu it's gin- iiywiwe, and I want my sixpence again, or elso one of the ra'al Fanners', that can be depended upon. This is all a sham." Mo was looking for snow, poor follow. PROVISIOX MARKET. coanKcTEn every week »i hr havwaud, fClrrk nf Fantiiil-hatl Uarkel.) IlEEF, best pieces, - PORK, fresh, best preces, whole hogs, VEAL, - MUTTON, - . . . I'OL'LTKY. .... BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGGS, - . - , . . I dozen. MEAL, Rye. retail. - - - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIUER. faccordine tn (jualily,] pound 8 7 5 5 " 3 " 6 /( 12 t. 15 doien. 14 bushel. .< S3 barrel. • 00 1 Seeds for Country Dealers. Traders in the country who may wish to keep an a< meat of Garden Seed.i tor sale, are informed they cai furnished, at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, coddi with the New England Farmer, 52, North Markel-3i Boston, with boxes of various sizes and price*, from $50. containing a complete .\9sortme.-«t of the nioiitly used in a kitcliep garden, on ,is favorable ten they can be procured in this country, of equal qu neatly done up in small pac,ri> live to 80 years of age ; of the general population of London only one in 40. To protect persons from the pernicious effects of Charcoal. — Place a flat vessel, filled with lime- water near the stove or vessel in which the char- coal is burning, and change it as often as it be- comes covered with a film or pellickle. The !iu.ie strongly attracts the mephitic gas evolved by the Ijurning charcoal, and preserves the purity of the Bung. — As soon as dung begins to decompose [ferment or rot] it throws off its volatile parts, which are the most valuable and most efficient. Dmig which has fermented, so as to become a mere soft ailliesive mass, has generally lost from one half to one third of its most useful constitu- ent elements. It evidently should be applied as oon as fermentation begins, that it may exert its free action upon the plant, and lose none of its jutrilive powers. — Davy. Ripening fruit. — The instances are numerous, of fruit keeping better, when gathered early, or before it was considered ripe, than when snflcred to hang late. And it is believed that winter ap- ples and pears should always be gathered in Sept. In the transactions of the Caledonian Hor- ticultural Society, James Howison, Esq. state?, that he gathered pears some weeks before they were ripe, and placed them in drawers in a room where fire was constantly kept, temperature 58° to 60°. After ten days the jargonelle, and after ^a month the moorfowl egg, were found ri|)e, and better flavored, than if ripened in the open air. Unripe melons gathered in October, treated in the .same way, ripened and acquired a puod flavor. The inference he, draws, and which undoubtedly lis correct, is, that the organic elaborations of the ' constituent [larts of fruit are all finished in the early stage of their growth, of when arrived at their full size, ixnA lha\ their ripening is a process of chemical changes, similar to fermentation, which, with a suflicient and regular application of heat goes on, in some degree, indepOndent of the living princi|)le. My opinion if, thj.t winter fruit is pre- judiced by being left on the trees after they have attained their fidl size, as after that time, the Dat- ura] temiieraturc is generally too low for chcmi- cai "changes which give perfection to flavor. The Cockchnffer. M. Colvert has suffered extensively from the ravages of this insect, and therefore no longer stirs the soil in the months of May, June and July, among his roses, hut pulls out the weeds by hand, leaving the surface as hard as a gravel walk, in order to prevent the in- sect depositing its eggs there. This mode is found successful, as is that of covering the ground with wheat straw, at Vibut's rose garden at St Dennis, and other ])laces where the soil is too loose to become hard. — Loudon, M. Colvert shortens the shoots of the young rose acacia in July, by which means they tnake new shoots in August, and are kept flowering all the fall till stopped by the frost. — lb. ! The cultivation of fruit trees is a branch of edu- cation in Mecklenburg, Sweden. No school- I master is permitted to cxerciie that function ivith- 1 out a certificate of his capacity to teach the manage- ment of fruit trees. The same masters are obli- ged to take care of fruit gardens. — lb. Nothing constitutes so many healthy and economical dish- es, as good fruit, if raised by the consumer. To destroy animal and vegetable enemies of fruit trees. — Wash with a strong ley \u April. To de- stroy the bark louse on the apple — wash with a strong ley the last of May or first of June. No one who tries this remedy once will relinquish it. unless he is indolent or very indigent. Most of our insect enemies are repelled by vegetable odors. Hence the elder, sassafras, mint, &c, generally es- cape their depredations. Tar, mixed with lime, ashes, or earth, at the base of the peach, is saiil to repel the worm. And I lately saw hundreds of clam shells tied to cherry trees, on which tar had been daubed in summpr, to keep off the aphis and other insects. It produced the desired effect. Respectfully, J. BUEL. CONSTRUCTION AND USES OF THE ROLLER. Mr Fessenden, — Living in a part of the country far behind Massachusetts in agriculture, I have never had an opportunity of seeing a Field Roller, but am determined to have one, though I suppose my neighbors will think I am spending my money very foolishly. If you or any of your correspondents will inform me, through the medi- um of your paper, of the best way of making one (i. e. if there arc various ways of making them) you will much oblige, A Subscriber. Remarks by the Editor. — Those rollers which are cut out of free stone, being heavier than wooden ones are best to smooth, and harden I alleys in gnrd<-ns,walks,&c. lint wooden ones an- swer better in tillage, when they are sufiiciently I large. A roller for field husbandry, according to ' Dr Deanc, shoulil be five or six feet long ; so it may perform much in a .short time, being drawn by a horse cr a yoke of oxen, for either. of which it may be easily harnessed. It should be made per- fectly round and .smooth, that it may be drawn the more easily and press the ground more equally in all parts, ^i Arid it should be from eighteen to twentyfour inches diameter. Being large the pressure will be greater; and the surface will be left the more hvel. Sir John Sinclair says, ' Rollers are made of various substances ; as wood, free-stone, granite or cast iron ; !:nt on the whole the two latter are to bo prefer; ed. It is of importance that the weight of the roller should be in proportion to the surface on wIulIi it is to he employed. The best plan i? that uf having two rollers, each about two feet and a half in length, and both placed in one frame, so us to roll clear of one another. This is the most siti'abli; both for grain crops and 'sown grass, as i' iieither tears up the tender soil, nor in- jures the you!;g plants. Besides the labor in turning is much less severe on the frame and to the cattle. Every farm ought to be jirovided with rollers of different diameters and weight, so as to suit the several pnr;)Oses to which they are desti- ned ; thos? of a small diameter are generally ap- plied to land in tillage ; and those of a large di- ameter, with double shafts, to grass lands. Hea- vy rollers are of great use for destroying worm slugs and -"iiher vesraiin in the soil.' In a'vcnuablc papei- ' On the uses and value of the Roller,' by John Lowell, Esq. published in the JV. E. Farmer, vol. 0, page 147, the writer ob- serves ' On grain and grass lands I apply the roller in the spring after the sowing, but not until the surface has become so hsird and dry that the horse's hoof shall not penetrate the soil too deep- ly. I jirecede the rolling v.ilh a I'lsjlit harrow un- loaded, never fearing the occasional dislodgment of the plants. I theti follow with the roller, though the plants are often four or five inches high. The roller then settles the roots firmly in the ground, which had been raised by the prece- ding winter's frost, and in one week I perceive the beneficial effects of the roller, though its first and immediate effect seems to those unaccustomed to its use, pernicious and destructive. The roller 1 have used has been of free-stone, 18 inclies in diameterand 3 1-2 feet in length; its weight I should suppose could not be less than 500 lbs. at the least ; but as such rollers canfiot be easily procured, a smooth log of 18 inches in diameter, or a plank one of two feet will answer equally well, having directly over the axis a box filled with stones to such a weight as a common horse can conveniently drag over an undulating sur- face. This can oidy be settled, by each individu- al, according to the strength of his horse and the inequality of the ground of which every man on the .spot, can alone be the competent judge. ' I have no hesitation to say that among all the improvements of modern husbandry the roller holds an important and almost indispensable place.' 274 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Mar. 19, 1830. An .Iccouut of the PioeeeJiiif^s of the Cuunctl of the ] tlieir oliligntions, ami liig naiiu! will be ever clier .MaasachuselLa Horticultural Hucieti/ at the (^uar- > isiied by the debcendaiits of ibc I'ilgiiiiis. tcrli/ McttiiifT, hrld ut the Halloft.'ie Imititution on the 6th of December 1830. — Report made iij H. A. H. Dearboh.v, President of the Society. Since llic lust meeting tlio fi^Jiowing letters have been received. 1. .\ letter from Vicoinle Herr art Df. TuuRV, President of the Horticultural !-"ociot_v of Paris, expressing his thanks for the honiir which this Society bad done him, in electing him an Honor- ary member. 2. A Letter from CoBitc ile J.asteyrie, Vice President of the Horticultural Society of Paris, ten- dering bis grateful acknowledgments for the like attention shown bini, and annoiiiiring that the Society of which be is an olVicer is desirous of en- tertaining a correspondence with that of Mas.su- chusetts ; and that anxious to evince the interest and respect which h entertains for our labor;?, be nniiounces that the President, Vice I're.side.-.ts and Corresponding Secretary had been named lionor- ary tnenibcrs of that Society ; and be has sent a l)aekage of seeds of a plant recently introduced as a sallad, called Seiiikiera jjimciitifolid. The let- ter was published by the order of the Executive Committee. 3. A letter from J. C. Bar.xf.t, ilsq. Consul of the I iiitej States in Paris, with a ease containing the following books I'or our Library, which bad been ordered to be purchased. Thouin, Plans des Jurdins, tables et i)lans colo- re.=, 1 vol. Nouveau Cours d'.Agricultnre, IC vol. 8vo. Duliamel, La Physique des Arbres, 3 v. 4to. Ventenot, Description des Plantes. 1 v. 4to. Thouin, Cours do Culture, 3 v. 8vo. Ilotton, Manuel de I'Elagneur, 1 vol. -■Vrt du Jardinier, 1 vol. 12mio. Culture Rurale, 2 v. 12mo. Traite des Bois, 1 v. Lecons sur la taille des Arbres. Catalogue de Van Mens. Manuel Complet d" Janlinier, 4 v. 8vo. .■\ii!iales do la Sicietc d'lloniculture, 4 v. 8vo. Chaptul's Cbi'nie, a]i])li(juee a I'Agrieiilturp, 2 v. 8vo. 4. LetJers have been received from Col. Aspiii- wall, Coiijiil of ibc United States in London, an- nouncing that be would cheerfully procure the book> wbieii have been ordered for the Library ; •licy arc daily expected. 5. A letter from Doct. Jamfs Tmacukr, of Plymouth, with a model of an .Apiary and Bee Hive, which have been deposited in the Hall of the Society, and noticed in the N. E. Farmer. Doct. Thacher merits especial commendation for the services be has rcndereil to the arts of Rural Economy, by his works on fruit trees and the cul- tivation of Bees. His recent improved Hives ami Apiary appear to combine vyimtevcr is desirable for the comfort, protection, and good manngenxnt of those vabiable insects. What a cheering spectacle does this venerable imtriot present; how worthy of example arc hi.-: acts of beneficence. After a long life devoted to the best interests of bin roiintry, the horizon of its decadence is gilikd by the rays of intelligence, in.slrnclioii for the gi-neration,-, which are ascend- in? toward the meridian of their u.sefubics.s. The cultivators of the sod acknow ledge, with gratitude, Communications for puhlicalion. 1. A Communication from Andrew Parinentier, Esq. Proprietor of the Horticultural and Botanic Garden of Brooklyn, on a method he has discov- ered for preventing the bleeding of Grape Vines, which has been delivered to the Library Commit- tee for publication. 2. 'J' wo Communications from \Vm. Kenriek, Esq. of Newton, on fruit trees and orchards, the former of which bus been published in the N. E. Farmer, and the other will be. 3. A Commuineation frou) S. Downer, Esq. of Dorchester on native Grape Vines, which has been )>ublished. 4. Two Communications on native Grapes, and the i.'niiivatioii of Musbrcdins by Z. Cook, Jr. of Doi-chestcr; published. ' 5. Seven Cotnnmnications from II. \. S. Dear- born, on the Canker Worm, — New Ameliorated Fruits, — \ new specicsof the Mulberry tree, — The Horticultural Institute of Fromont, — Transplant- ation of plants in full verdure, — The Chrysan- ibeniums of China — and on Pruning Fruit Trees; published. Proceedings of the officers of the Society and of the Executive Committee of the Council. Cor/)rnunJcations have been sent by the Presi- dent to the President and Vice President of the Hnrticultural Society of Paris, and to Professo.- Poiteau and M. Du Petit Tbours, on various sub- jects, and requesting an intcrcliange of intelligence on the interesting objects for which oar institu- tions were establish-jd, and of the seeds and plants of France and of this country. To reciprocate the favors received and to -evince our solicitude for an amicable intercourse, cuttings have been sent of the following native fruits, which were collected ami carefully packed up by Samuel Downer, Esq. chairisan of the Ex- ecutive Committee, who also furnished descriptions of the varieties ; and Z. Cook, Jr. Esq. having ad- ded vines of the Isabella, accompanied them with a very full and particular account of his maimer of cultivating that grape, as well as of all other 1 kinds. List of scions and plants collected by S. Dow- ner, transmitted to France by the President. PEAKS. No. 1 Scions of Dix 2 " . Lewis 3 " Ilarvanl, heretofore known as the Epergne. 4 " Gore's Ileathcote 5 " Clapp 6 " Secklo 7 " Barllett 8 " Andrews 9 " Cushing 10 " Wilkinfor. : APPLES. No. 11 " Baldwin 12 " No name 13 " Porter 14 '' A Bed 15 " Double and treble 10 " Koxbury Kussetiugs .\t the Eume time the two last volumes of ib N. Englaiul Fanner were irausmitied, loillusirat the accounts given of the fruits, and for the ii formation they contaiu on the Horticulture of ihi cnimtry. Instructions have been sent to Mr Bar.net, i [irocure the following additional French worl fur :lic Library. 1. Duhamcl Truiic des .■Vrbres Fruiticrs ; tl new edition, in twentyfour numbers, with colore engravings, of Pear.«, Grujie-s, Plums, Apple Pcnches, Cherrieg, Oranges, and other green lioui fruits. 2. Almanach du Bon Jardinier for 1829, wi colored plates. 3. Annalesdc L'lnstitul Horticole Dc Frouiot 4. Culture Dc» Rosicrs. 6. Esquisse Hisiorique of the Catalogues fruits, by Du Petit Tbours. 6. Lectier's Catalogue of Fruit Trees publish in 1626. 7. Bonnefore's Catalogue, published in 1651. 8. Catalogues of the Nurseries of the Luxcn bourg and Lieusaint. Mr Van Mons bus been written to, and rcque: ed to transmit his recent large Catalogue, a: other publications on his mode of raising nt kinds of fruit. A correspondence has been opened with t Director and Curator of the Imperial Garden St Petersburg, by Doct. Harris, our Professor Entomology. The drawing of the Diploma has been mai and is now in the hands of the artist to be litk graphed. L, 17 " Downer's milive mazzard Cherry 18 One Isabella Grape Vine 1!) " Bland's pale red '• 20 " Caluwba '• Honorary Members. John Taliakf.ruo — f'irginia. Philip P. Barbolr — I'irg^tnia. Horace Everett — Vermont. M. Dc Petit Thoi rs — Paris, France. Professor Poiteap, of the Inslilut Horticole Fromonl. .Mrs Rebecca Gore — Jf'ultham. Mrs Dorothy Dix — Boston. Mrs Mart Griffith— CAoWiVj //opt, ,V. . Stepiie.n GiRARi,— Philadelphia. George Gibbs — AVic-lbr*. Josh I- A Losgstrztu — Philadelphia. Lewis Clapret '• He.nrv Pratt " Corresponding Members. Jous Fox — K'ashington, Disl. Columbia. Hpister — Baltimore. James Coi.vill — Chelsea, England. Mr Alfbo — Pepinierisle de Lieusaint Michael Floy — .Vurseryman and Plorist,.\ York. Thomas Hogg » " .Yeic-York. E. W. UvhL— Hartford, Connecticul. Subscription ^[evibers. Edward D. Ba.nub — h'orcester. Natiia:»iel Cirtis — Hozbun/. Sam I- el Phildruk — Hrookline. Til o M A s 1' A RK E R — Dorchcstcr. He.miv Swift— .N'dii/iicAir P'A.MEL Adams — AVirtiiry. \\'iLLiiM Pratt, Jr. — Boston. Joii.N F. Priest " Frikborn Sisso.n — /rorrrii, /»'. Uland. Damel p. Parker — Boston. Sa4II/EL Al'rLtTOX " Vol. VIII.— Nn. 35. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Samuel O. Mead — Jfest Cambridge. J. L. MoFFATT — Boston. Wm. Stone — South Boston. Jonathan Warren, Jr. — Weston. Benjamin Guild — Boston. Nathaniel Storrs. " Dudley Hall — Medford. fJoHN King. " Charles H. Prescott — ConiwaUis, cotia. .Yova- 275 1116 ijilj Voted, That the fee of Life Membership be re- !io, jced to 1.5 dollars, iiickiding the annual subscrip- on of the first year. Brighton, .March 5, 1830. Dear Sir. — I send a small bundle of Scions hich have been cut with care, and all from trees lat have given fruit, except the Mela Carle Apple, hich I believe lias not come into bearing in this iJountry ; they are sent for distribution at the raeet- ig to-morrow, and the following is a memoran- n of the different kinds. Johonnot Pear, a seedling in the Garden of Mr ohonnot, Salem. Seckel, well known in this neighborhood. Sylvanclie, of Mr Kuight — or Sylvange, as call- d by Mr Lowell. Pomme neige faincuse — a very fine fall Apple, jirized in tlie market. Pumpkin Sweeting, a very fine baking apple. Golden Pippin. Mela Carle Apple from Jlr Knight. „ Nonpareil — the genuine English Nonpareil. I am indebted to Mr Lowell for the opportunity f sending scions of the Sylvange and Mela Carle, :!nt out by Mr Knight ; he sent some of each ind when he first received them, and I am well ware that to distribute scions as often as the rowth will permit cutting thetn, is meeting the lews and wishes of Mr Lowell. Resjrectfully your obedient servant, GOKHAM PARSONS. H. A. S. Dearborn, Pres. ) Mass. Hort. Society). ^ 7a. Cook, Jr, Esq. — Herewith is a drawing of le seedling Pear, which passes by my name, be seed of which was sown by me in the Spring f 1808. On the 23d of Sept. 1823, 1 gathered nine ears, its first fruit ; on the 17th Sept. 1824, about peek was gathered ; on the 5th, about a peck, have named these different periods of its ripening s a guide to others when to pluck it. Its color 3 well defined in the drawing. Its stalk is much horter and thicker than is common to Pears. It as a small {jrotuberance in the fruit near the foot f the stalk, resembling that on the Pearmain Ap- ile, and its skin is nearly as thin as the Peach, 'lease to present the drawing to the Horticultu- al Society, and make such farther use of the lescription as you see fit. I also send you cuttings of the seedling, which have named the Cluster Pear, which I mentioned o you when I had last the pleasure of seeing you n Boston, as a great bearer and a good market 'ear. My own experience in grafting is entirely )pposed to these early cuttings. I much prefer that lot more than a week should elapse between the irae of takijig off the cuttings and their being jrafted, and "I have been full as successful in ising them the day they were cut, as at any other leriod ; if, therefore you wish for cuttings at a aler period I will comply with your request, when made known to me. I had forgot to men- tion that the first Pear above mentioned is melting, very juicy, and somewhat resembles the Secklc in flavor. I have seen Mr Manning, who tells me there is a fruit on Catalogues, designated the Cluster Pear, therefore advises that the name of mine shoidd be altered. I would propose that it be called either the Salem or .Vaumktag Pear, in- stead of the Cluster. Any name however that you please to give it will be acceptable to Yours very Respectfully, Salem, March' 1. GEO. S. JOHONNOT. the The following scions were distribute above meeting : — From Madame Dix, Boston, scions of the Dix Pear. - From Mr Lewis, Roxhury, scions of the Lewis Pear. From Mr Cusliing, Hingham, scions of the Gushing Pear. From E. Bartlett, Esq. Roxbury, scions of the Bartlett Pear. From John Abbot, Esq. Porthuid, scions of the Fulton Pear, and the Haley Aj^ple. From George J. Johonnot, Esq. Salem, scions of the Johonnot Pear. Do. Salem Pear — botii sesdlisigs, raised by Mr Johonnot. From Mr Richards, Dedham, several varieties of Pear scions, and likewise of Apples. Also, fine Ambrette Pears in good eating ; and the Pom- me D'Api or Lady Ajiple, in fine eating order. From G. Parsons, Esq. Brighton, several varieties of Pear scions and Apple do. From R. Manning, Esq. Salem, 38 varieties of Pear scions; 14 do Apple do; 9 varieties oC Plum do ; 3 varieties Cherry do. From S. Downer, Dorchester, received from Mr E. W. Bull, Hartford, 1 box very handsome Apples, large and fair color, on one side bright red and striped, the other light yellow, flesh white, very tender, and very full of pleasant, spright- ly juice — a fine eating Apple — they are called the ' Winter seek no fiirther' (a few scions of the above fruit would be acceptable to the Society.) From Z. Cook, Jr, Esq. Dorchester, rne basket Isabella Grapes, in a good state of preservation and pleasant tasting. From Perriii May, Esq. Boston, Winter Water Melon Seeds from Smvrna. months since. Please correct this ])oint. Trees from the scions received from E. Sinalhveod, Esq., Gen. Forman, J. K. Guernsey, Esq., and others^ are now offered to the public "in my Supplementa- ry Catalogue.-just ])ublished, and are one year old from the graft. Very respectfully Linncean B(;lanic i W. PRINCE. Garden, March 10, 1830. \ FOR THK NEW :;land farmer. Dpscriplion of two kinds of native apples recently introduced into the cnlleclion of Mr Prince, of the Lin. Bot. Garden, and which were received from Rhode Island. Pian siveeting, a yellow apple with red spots. like the Talman sweeting, but is more juicy than that variet}', it is one of the very best sweet apples, and ripens in September. JVood'sfavorite, an early apple of a yellow co- lor with red stripes, it is crisp, high flavored, and spicy with a pleasant acidity, and ripens in Au- gust. CORRECTION. In perusing your paper^f the 5th inst., I per- ceive either you or my copyist made an error in the date of the letter from Mr Smallwood tome. It should have been 1828 not 1829, for the trees could not have grown since the latter period. I noticed a similar inadvertence in an ex- tract of a letter to ine which you published some .4 JVew Method of Charring Wood. — The last number of Silliman's Journal contains a descrip- tion of a new method of charring wood, or as it is termed burning charcoal, discovered by a Mr Doolittle of Verujont. The attention of Mr Doolittle was attracted to the subject by observing the wasteful, .slovenly and laborious "manner in which coal has hitherto been made in this coun- try. An examination of a charring kiln at the works of the West Point Foundry Association, suggested to him, that a kiln built above ground, with vents that could be come at with readiness, and arching the top over with an iron cap in the form of a dome, leaving one or- more openings in the side for the admission of wood and the extrac- tion tV coals, uonld improve the ,'9 and feet : bicausc a hor.-e whose shoulders are properly formed and placed is not liable to fall down : and beeaiise his soijnd- ncss depends cliiefly upon his leps iiiid iV-et. The shoulder should not be too upii!,'lit, hut should slope backwards from the sliouldor point to the withers. It is desirable, if the horse is intended _ „ to earrv a loan of much wei^'ht, that the shoul- oflier. There can he no doubt that, taking bulk ders should be rather thii-k than thin ; hut it is es- for hulk a mare is stronfrer and more lasting than senlial that ihey should not be too large at the a frelding ; and, in ad.lilion to thi.s the farmer has imints. .V horse whose shoulders are good, stands, ] her to breed from. This and the profit which is when in a natural position, with his fore legs in a saddle. The little farmer does not want a sliewy, complete hackney. Ho will be content if he is tolerably well carried; ami (if he has taken a little care in the i lioice of Ins horse ; has selected one with found h^et, shoulders not too thick, and legs not too much under him ; and, if he keeps him in good condition, and does not scandalously over- wi'igl.l him,) the live dayscaning or harrow-work will not, to any material degree, unfit him for the saddle ; especially if the rider bears in mind what we have termed the golden rule of horseuian~liip, always a lUtU lofett the mouth of llie animal he is upon. A farmer, and more particularly, a small farm- er, will prefer a mare to a gelding, both for riding and driving. She will not cost him so nni
  • ikr's Horse is an animal of all icork ; to be ridden occasionally to market or for pleasure, Imt to be principally employed for draught. He should he liigher than Ihe road horse: about fifteen hands and two inches may he taken as the best standaril. .\ horse with a •-houlder thicker, lower, and less slanting than .'. ould be chosen in a hackney, will better suit the . uUar; and collar-work will he chiefly re,-)uired of him. .'\ stout compact horse should he selected, vet not a heavy eloddy one. Some blood will be desirable, but tho halfdired horse will generally best suit the farmer's purpose. He should have weight enough to throw into the collar, and sufti- cienl activity to get over the ground. Farmers are now beginning to he uwnre of the superiority of the modernte-si/ed, strong, active horse over the bulkier, but slower animal of for- mer days. It Is not only in harvest, and when a frosty morning must be seized to cart manure, that this is perceived, but in the cvcry-day work of the farm, the saving of time, and tho saving of provender too, will be very considerable in the course of the year. It has often been said, that a horse used much for draught is neither pleasant nor safe for the agriculture, and some of them sufficiently light for the van, post-chaise, or coach. If he has a superior mare, one of the old Cleaveland breed, and puts her to a bony three-fourths-hred horse, or, if he can find one stout and eonipai!! enough, a seven-(;ights, or a thorough-bred one, he will have a fair chance to rear a colt that will amply rc[)«y him us a hunter or a carriage-horse. The mare needs not to be idle while she is breeding. She may ho work'jd moderately al- most to the period of her foaling, and with bene- fit rather than otherwise : nor is there occasion that much of her time should he lost even while she is siukling. Ifslie is put to horse in June, Vhe foaling time will fall, and the loss of labor will occur, in the most leisure time in the year. Tliereare two rocks on which the farmer of- ten strikes : ho pays little attention to the kind of maro, and less lo the proper nonrishment of the foal. It may he laid down as a maxim in breed- ing, however ^'eneral maybe tho prejudice against it, that the value of the foal depends a great deal more on the dam than on the sire. The Arabs are convinceil of ihis, for no i)rice will buy from them a likely marc of the highest blood ; and they trace back the pedigree of their horses, not through the sire, hut the dam. The Greek sport- ing men held the same opinion, h)iig before the Arab horse was known. ' What chance of win- ning have I ?' inquired a youth whose horse was ahmit to start on tho Olympic course. 'Ask the dam of your iiorse' was the reply, founded on ex- perience*. The farmer, however, too frrquonily thinks • lUshop Hall, who wrot«in the time of Kllzubcth. in- timates tliiit such was the opinion of hoiseiiiou at that pe- riod. He asks in one ol his .satires (Lib. iv.) ' dost thou prize Thy hruto licnsl*' worth hf their dams' qualilips ' Say'jt Ihoii this roll iliull pr->vi> a swill piic'd steed Onely bocanso a Jennet did liim breed ? Or (ay'iit tlmu this tiniio hor8» Khali win tho prito, Becauao his dun was swiftest Tranclafico ?' that any tnare wi can find a great Bounding name, and loaded with fat, he reckous on having a valuable colt: and uhoiild he fail he attributes the fault to the horse, and not to his own want of judgment. Far more (lepends on the mare than is dreamt of in his philosophy. If he has an undersized, or a blemished, or un- tound mare, let him continue to use her on his farm ; she probably did not cost him much, and she w ill beat any gchling ; but let him not think of breeding from her. A roomy mare, with some Idood in her, and with most of the good [loints, will alone answer his purpose. She may hear about her the marks of honest work (the fewer of these, however, the belter), but she inusl not have any disease. There is scarcely a mala-' dy to whiidi the horse is subject that is not here- ditary. Contracted feet, curb, sjiavin, roaring, thick wind, blindness, notoriously descend from the sire or dam to the foal. Mr Roberts in that useful publication, ' The Veterinarian,' says, ' Ln?: summer I was asked my opinion of a horse. I approved of his formation with the exccjitiou of the hoeks, w here there happened lo be two curbs I was then told that his sister was in the same stable : she also had two curbs. Knowing the sire to be free from these defects, I inquirejlm about the dam : she also bad two confirmed' ;. curbs. She was at this lime running %vith a foal of hers, two years olil, by another horse, and he also had two curbs.' The foal should be well taken care of for the first two years. It is bad policy to stint, or half .starve the growing colt. The colt, whether intended for a hunter or ,-arriage-liorse, may be earlier hanillcd. but shoul 1 not be hroken-in until three years old ; and ihtn the very best breaking-in for the carriage horse is to make him earn a liltle of his living. Let him he put to a harrow or light plough. (Joing over the rough ground will teach liini to lift his feet well, and give him that high and shewy action, excusable in a carriage-horse, hut excusable in |i no other. In the siiececding winter he will be nerfcctlv nadv for the town or ciuintry market. IIORTICULT VRE. MELONS. Mr Fessenden — It is only within a few )*'■ years that those choice and delicious varieties oC "^ the melon, calli'd Cantelopes, have been common in our market; a fruit which rivals ihe peach nnj pine-apple in exctllence, and requires but liiilo couiparative labor and attention, to be produced III the open air, all over New England. As it is be- coming geuerally known, and highly appreciated. I enclose extracts, conlaining two methods of culti- vation, recently introduced, by the French garden- ers, which may bo advantageously adopted in this country. The Musk, Cnntelope and Water Jlelons be- long to dilTercnt genera, — Otrumi* and CitctirbSla. The Ciieuniis includes the Cucumber, — C. Sa- livua ; and the Mu.«k and Cantelope Melons, — C Melo. The Cucurlit^t includes the (Jourd, C. La- "■tiirtrio ; the rumpUin, — C. Pepo ; tho Squash,— C. Meloprpo ; nn H. A. -S. DEARBORN. March, 1830. \ EXTRACT -NO. VIIl. From the ' Annales D'llorticulturc. In a very interesting Report, made by Vicomte De Buouaire De Grif, on the celebrated market, and flower garden of M. Decoufle, situated in Paris, is the following account of his mode of cul- tivating melons. EXTRACT NO. IX. From the Annales D' Horticulture. .Vcic Melon Beds, by M. Fontaine. ' I have tlie honor of communicutiiig a description of a Melon Bed, which I have used fiir five year.a, and from which I have obtained the most satisfactory results. ' 111 November or December, I collect in the woods, leaves of all kinds, except .those of the beech, according to the size of the bed which I intend to form. These are heaped up in an ob- long slack, sloping each way, to prevent the rain from entering into the interior, which would rot and cause them to lose, by this decomposition, a part of their heat. ' Towanls the commencement of April, if the earth is dry I open a trench, three and a half feet wide and of the length reipiired. I dig out the earth, eight inches in depth and throw it on each side, taking care to tread it down upon the bor- ders, to prevent it from tumbling into the trench ; by this means i obtain a depth of sixteen inches, which I fill with the leaves, being |)articular in spreading them, as equally as possible, and eleva- ting the middle, so that they shall slope on each side. My bed being thus formed, I excavate with the hand, holes three feet apart, six inches deep, and about as many in diameter, which I fill vvitli earth. In these I transplant my melons, which had been sown before, in hotbeds, for this purpose. The |>lantation being thus completed, I The cultivation of Melons, which, for a long prune my melons, in about a fortnight, or sooner time has been an object of so much observation, Lr later according to their size, and eight days af- has claimed the most assiduous attention nf M. i ter, I cover the bed, entirely, with tiles, side by Decoufle ; he appears to have made it his special side, leaving only a space for the stocks of the study. He has devoted about an acre to this til- j plants. After this nothing more is required, than lage. to piucb ofl ths ends of the vines, cr to prune out NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Mnr. 19, 1S30. 278 __,^ , ■ ,_je^"^— ^^^^^^^^^^^'~ . , T , ,, „,. ,n-.liPK a business tliis winter. But mice would probalily feed < ........ ranches as arc superfluous ; it is absolutely '>;:;-';;;,':-^'^;/;-* 7^ ''';::;,"/ ^^eto^ l-ney. and they n.ay be .raced by the e.xcr. unnecessary ,o water then. ;-.he tdcB ^[''^^''['^l ^''/^Z"^^^^^^^^ .n H-e hive. 1 Buffieient hun.i.li.v beneath tlu.-m, to nourish the .nu.ute slate men ol the vbo.c ^ .__^_^_^^^ .^_ question, the only rational ,.omi,. plants. The melons are much better ^^''^'^ ;^'>^' \'" '''^ J^ ^:^J Z^% ,^^^ be in my view is the death of the c.ueon. Kuh ^,tl,esan.e species, cultivated in the -'''"-y ^ ^'^' ;:';,. ^,'^^7^^^^^,^^^^^^ casualty, the ..ueen n.. wav. , logemer one J ' I .^..-enals how have died in aulunni, when it was too late for t! If the sro.md is damp, instead of excavating n house, how construct d?ol ^^r'^^^"-;,;^; "J, loss to he repaired. It is well understood tb trcnc I n.Ae n.y bed of loaves upon the surface, are the places for nests fi"'^' »"^/"';;^;/X"h when bees are deprived of their .overeife-n, I I ITvin'l It an elevation of sixteen inches, and 1 form What .s the best f-d, «u.nn,e and ■";; ; ^,^"-^ ^^ ,„,.^ ,,,,, •„ „„„^,. ,„„ ,„„f,,i„„, ,„a a tof ^ 1 l,!^ « border of manure, a foot w de, to is the most prohlahle, e^'^s or tlie rearm oi i L. on each side, ii bor.lcr ol manmc, ,__'._ ,.•■,„.,„ , ,«...„ I nr>„„- in the noint in oucs'ion, prevent the air from penetrating into ih which would be injurious to the plants NEW ENGLAKD FARMER. BOSTON, I'iUD.VY, MAUCH 19, 1830. TREES BY THE ROAD-SIDE. We are happy to find that the General Court has at last alforded" protection to tive.s planted by pub- lic spirited indivi.luals, on the bordois of the high- way.s. Although it wouli^ be presumed, that there could not exist, any wreti-.li, so base and barba- rous among us, as to destroy a beautiful tree, planted on the road-side, for ornament and .shade ; slill so extensive has been the wanton mutilation of elms, maples, and horsc-chesnuts, and other forest as well as fruit trees, whether set out by towiLS, corporations, or individuals, that the effort to embellish public avenues has been constantly obstructed, by the licentious depreilalions of the idle and maruious. Now it is made an offence, fur which the perpetrator of the act is liable to a heavy penalty, and we hope every citizen, who feels an interest in the cultivation of trees, will cooperate in such measures, as may most effectual- ly enforce, the provisions of the following law. Who that has ever passed through the town>- of East Hartford and Deerfield, and beheld thi: niagnificentelmsaiidrocU-inaples, which cnd)ellisli those ancient towns, without uttering a wish, that every road in the Commonwealth, was thus orna- mciited; and how easily can it be effected, if each jiroprictor will do his portion. Umler the ^Egis of the Legislature, their meritorious and patriotic eonlrihulions will be |>rotected, and in a fuw years the whole work can be successfully accomplished. Let it be commenced the iiresent season, with rcnovatcil zeal. chickens ? Now I come to the point in (pies'ion is there any profit in inclosing a yard of two acres, and building a house at an expense of one hundred dollars ? What is the profit on two hun- dred fowls managed skilfully ? how much will it cost for food, for one year, for two hundred fowls, or how much grain will one fowl coiismne in one year .' I hope to see an answerto tliese inquiries n the New England Farmer, which will be'grati- fying to - A NEW YORK FARMER. Calskill, A*. Y. March, 1830. NEW PLAN PEAR whole hive is thrown into confusion, and a to! lestrnction follows, unless her place can be st» jupplied. The writer observes, tliat his bees aiitumo, appeared to be inactive, which is a syit ' lom by which the death of the queen may apprehended. The bees must have taken flif before they were deprived of the use of tl wings by the cold, else their bodies would hii been found in the lii\eor its vicinity. MEDICUS. Plymouth, March 8, 1830. t; VI AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of ttie Hanip. FrnnV and Hampshire Agricultural Society, March Mark Doulitlle was elected President ; Fpaph lloyt. Patrick Boies, George Bliss, jr. Elisha 1 war Is, jr. Ross well Hubbard, Vice Presidents Daniel Stebhins. Corresponding and Record Secretary; Samuel Wells, jr. Treasurer ; Ros% "- 1 Hubbard, Theodore Lvman, Preserved Buitl He proposes to graft the hall of the late pear- eommitlce of Agriculture ; Joseph Bdhngs, D •.I .1 _ I., .-.n.-i^ o»t*l Vioirilio *>«rl\7 tv^t*< ~ - — OF ENGRAFTING TREES. A very interesting paper on the cultivation of an early ami a late variety of the pear on the same wall-trees, by Mi D. jMonlgomeiy, ganleiiirr to the Duke of .MoiUrose, is printed in the Transactions of the Horticultural Socielynf London, vol. vi. pp. 367. trees witli the early sons, and halfthc early trees with the late sorts ; for example, every alternate branch of the Crasanne with the Jargonelle, and of the Jargonelle with one of the best late pears. In this way there are two chances of success. — Should the Jargonelle, which is very early in blos- som, fail from unfavorable weather, the Lite sort, which flowers at another time, may succeed. — Another advantage arises from the crop coining at different times. The Jargonelle ripens off be- fore much eflort is required from the tree to sup- port the late sorts, so that the tree is more capable of supplying nourishment to half a crop of Jar- gonelles," than if the crop were ail of that sort ; and as the early pear are all gathereii before the late sm-t begins to swell to size, the tree is at once re- lieved from half its crop, and is better able to ma- ture in greater perfection its late i>roduce. Mr Montgomery states, that the trees produce finer fruit in this way than if they were all of one AN .\CT to secure lo the iniblic the benefit of sort. Mr Sabine, the able secretary of the so Oruamental Trees Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Reprc- senlativts, in General Conrt assembled, and 61/ the aulliority of the same, That from and after the passing of this Act, if any (lerson shall wanloidy and without cause, break, cut, mutilate, injure c-r destroy any tree standing and growing by the side of any public or private way, ami useliil to the piiblii- f(M- the purposes of oinamcnl or shaile, without the consent of the owner of said tree, such person so offending, shall forfeit and pay to the use of the Commonwealth, a sum not less than five dollars, nor more than fifty dollars, to be re- covered by indictment or information, before the Court of (^'oniiiKiii Pleas in the County where such offence shall have been committed, or the Municipal Court of the City of Boston, if such offence shall have been committed in said City of Boston. Ajiprovcd by the Governor, March .">, 1930. ciety, recommends the adoption of this |)laii England, on the ground that, 'as few families can consume the entire produce of a full-sized, well-managed peartioc of any one kind, much waste would be avoided, as well as more variety for the table be secured, if every tree on a wall were worked with two or more kinds. Mr S. Cooper of New-Jersey has ascertained that early and late apples, by being grafted on the same tree, improved in size and flavor, more than if hut one kind grew on a tree ; and it appears by the above that the same effect is produced by the same means on the pear-tree. — Editor. rOBTlIK NEW KNnl.ANO K.\K»1KB. BEES. Ma Fe3SENde!» — I was struck with the state- ment of ' Incpiircr' in your last paper respecting the losi of a liive of Bees. It is difliciilt 10 as- certain the true cause of the singular disasler.^ Hives are not unfrequenlly destroyed by mire, Bancroft. Theodore Lyman, Committee on iiials ; Eliphalet Williams, Osmyn Baker, J Whitney, Commitiie on .'.lannfactures. The first premium on cider was awanlei Ebenezer Clark of Conway ; second do. to D; Newhall, jr. of Conway ; third do. to Joseph \ liams of Williamsburgh ; fourth do. to John man of Southampton ; fifth do. to Elisha Lyt of Sunderland. — Hamj^shim Gaztl!'. Brighton Market — Monday, March 15. (Reporicrt (or Knr riirpi.irleaiui Palrioi.) At market this day 373 Beef Cattle — 87 Su 570 Sheep and 384 Swine — divided as folio Old Market, 144 Beef Cattle (including 61 tin last week) 47 Stores, 200 Sheep and 384 : .Wif Market, 229 Beef Cattle (inchidiiig 31 last week) 40 Stores and 370 Sheep, (inclut 260 unsold last week. Betf Cuttle— The Market lo-day was brisk and active than we noticed the piev week, and sales went ofl" more readily. We qi a few sales of extra quality at ."ij a .5A — tiesi anil other qualities from §4 a 4j| per cwt — al 30 remained unsold at the close of the niarke .)/i7<7i Coics — Such ns cmne to markei, pli and dull. We give the sales of two this da) jhew the difference ordinary purchasers maki iwixl a good Cow and those that arc usually r ed for sale, viz : — 1 Cow without a Calf $72 S ^^ 1 do with a calf $11 25. Sheep — The only transactions we noticed to- was the sale of a lot unsold last week and of 110 at the .Vcir Maiket, prices not known. Suine — Business in the Swiimlrrde lo-ilny quite brisk — upwards of 200 wi-re taken in Hi lilts at 4 a 4.-J cts. per. lb. and a few by retail a' FOWLS— ARE THEY PROFITABLE . . Mr Editor — Is there in, or near Boston, any und one inslanco of it lias come to my knowledge Iloriiciilturni Societies arc establishing in ah every State in the Union. Grape seed is used in Paris, as a subslilulc cortee. pond For Sale. m ill Lexingioii, alioiit leu niilfis froin Boston, cuntaiii _., -.res; ao ol whicli are woodlnnil. On ihe ('arm is - i oi-fliard, consislinij in pari ol ^-oiiun^ trees; al: wliicli lee miglil be l,ii;cii. Tlie H^use and \i repair. The Kanii is supposed lo he well ealculah-d lor aisiii^ of ihe Silkworm. Tne Middlesex Turnpilie passes igh 11. It will be sold very low and li.e payment made lo the purchaser. Inquire al No. 1, Union-Street, Uos- yw- March 19. Vol. VIII.— No-S''. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 279 'o CoRRKSposDENTS. — We have room this week, merely ckiioH iedge the receipl ofseveral communications, which appear (ordiwith — amoii^ which arc one from Ilanford, n.— one fiom Cananda gua, N. Y. — one from Columbus, > — o ic li-om ^ewlon -and .me from Dorchester, Mass. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. I persons having books belonging 10 the Massacliusetts Hor- lural Society, are requested lo return the same lo the Hall r before die lir^t Saturday of April iie.xl, lo enable the corn- eon the Library to prepaio a Catalogue, and carry into ilie l^egulaliuiis adopted un the 13ili iiisl. H. A. 3. Dt:.\RUORN. Chairman Lib'y Com. II of ihe Mjsstichusells Horticultural Sociehj. h iJ, 18 JU. lere wiil be a meeting of the IMsss. Hoit. Society held by ■ lent, on Saturday the 'ilth inst. ai 11 o'clock. JVotice. !ginniiigof a School o( Scientific and Practical Agri- nd HurucullLiic \\\\\ be attempted the present season :ion with the Ujuiiii-hill School al Northampton Mass. iig men ol luir cli.iiacter and good promise, not over !:us I'M, ma^ have an opporiuniiy of reeeuiiih. If jYcio Early Cabbage. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North Market-street — A small quantity of the New Early Savoy Cabbage Seed, which is in so high repute in the New York mar- ket. It is a true Savoy, very tender, and heads in July — put up in papers 124 cents each. tf 280 NEW ENCn.AM) rAUINIEil. Mar. 19, 1S30 M I S C C L L A IV I i: S. ' salt li.! luui lost ten or twi-lve slicc|) in a niglil , { wlieii fciiliiife' oil the tiiriiips ;l>iit after lie adopti-U , salt, Ik; never lost one. lie iisi-il to let t!ie sheep | ' linvc the salt without stint ; and he P HIVES OF COVKTRY PliODlCE BE CAREFUL WHOM YOU M.\RRY. P""'' '"■ ""'*"' '""' ""''■ "" "'""""-' ''- ""J- ' APPLES, he... . - Ht, l.ARll.rui> vYf.wii xv^ •.,..„„„:„„ „'linvc the salt without stint; and he remarked, ASHES,poi.fir.l«rt, - • A yonn,. la, y w.ll I.e very unsa e u ' ry »g a ^^_^^^^___^ , ,,_^__^ ^._^__.^ ,^^^,^^ , ^ ,,^,^ ^^ . . youn, n.an who uses ardent «!-"='. --•['^; ,„„ „„ „„s panienlar f.el.l, than when feedir.g on ; ^'^^ V;!^;' *" ' i ,,ern.ely or n..en.,.era,e ly l.erause ^^"J Ik ""y ""-■• "" ""' '-'"• ^''^ ""-^'-r one year let ''"'f.r«o. No. .. have been rendered wretrhed on accoinitol drunk- , y ^ , , ■ i i .. ,„i.„ ,ii.i ,„,, C.ireo, .N... 2, enhuslmn.U than l,y any thin;; else.-When Uus fie d to innnps to a neighho . who d.d '"• „urrEU, W.-,r.i. No. I, new, L via ad L ura and Margaret, were led hy "- - ' 5 ">"' consequently al.er "oos.ng en c.i..:E.SB, „.>v ...,„. . . .hands .o Uv.ne..'s al.^r, their hushan.ls ^'-l' "'« «-' ".^''■«. K-e n,. the held de, .a . . ^^^^.^ ,,.-W /t-///f Laviniu was the „,„„,er of ^'^ •'"'■°'' A«tley, of Melton Constable, u. NoMolk, 1 their hn o„lytook a ,u«r. -"^'7^"'': /j^ ■'■:''7-.:' gives about a table spoonful of salt per week .o 1 Kye, be,,, four cInUlren, w hen the ^henfl^ s.dd the^^lnst bed g^^^^ ^^ ^ .^ ^^.Uo.L, U keeps away diste.n- ^"^AIN, Con,, 1 pcrs, and preserves them in the best heallh anil Biricy, .Mlhoiigh the use of salt for live slock i nip.1 milk. I'te, Howard-btreel, • barrel. 1 75 Inii. i:io vu i: " 14" 00 \i InislM'l. 7.j barrel. 9:j 7 7 J 1 *' 6 75 pound. i: 1 •" barrel. 4 75 I II 5 25 , " 3 C: she lia4i>i,^- . i . m.ir^arLi 1 au i , ,„.,;...„i„ , farmer must not suppose that us introduction, • .A L>rKR PARlis retails al their sotli.sh and bniiish father lo an untimely i ■"'■"»'•'■ '""f' "."^ ''''• . . , inursoui.Mi a .„,.„„ „. .„„„„,„„„„ ,i,„ even for that important purpose, was the work prave and o]m and her babes were east upon the _ . , _ ' ' '. P'",,' n I r.„. l,f i,;„. of « 'C < av. The very magistrates were op- wor il iitiiin ess. IJewarc vouiig ladies of him . . • „ , n world pciiii » • . " posec lo Is use ; or, only a few v<;ars since, some wlio can drink a dram even iii a week. Jion t ' , , , , c ,1 rrv a reformed drunkard, as a man hardly ever l-nest tanner's servants were taken '-r-e " J'- pels clear of this awful disease. If you wautto'"" "» "'« I^^-^^ "' Winchesler charged by their be miseruble-ifvou want babblinss-if you want ' I?""'''.'"' "'"^'"' 7'."' "f ^'•'^=""" husband will, red I "'g 1"^ '">••••"-■« ^"'"" I'-e-r •^"'•n- wouikIs without a caiisi: eyes, &c, marry a man who drinks, who takes a little, and you arc more likely to have the above enjoyments ihan in marrying any other character. If a man cannot give up his dram, he can sacri- fice the happiness or property of any woman by taking a little. nine of giv- I should not have suspected it said the farmer, ' had not my horses' coats become so fine lately.' — ' Salt for hcn-ses !' exclaimed the indignant magistrate ; ' can any thing be more (loisonous ? Let the ras- cals be committed to Bridewell for a mouth.' —Eng.pa. SALT IN RURAL ECO.VOMY. The importaiirc of salt lo anitiiuls is so gene- rally aces, - PORK, tie.ir, Kavv.mnss, M - - Cargo, \o. J, - - SEEDS, I l.rils Crass, - Oroli.ir.l Grass, Fowl Mcaflow, - - . Ky(r Grass, Tall Meadow Oals Grass, - K«UTop .... Llir-iTlie, _ . . - \Vliile llnr.evsuckle Clover, Red Clover, (niirihern) Frfi>rh Snear IJcel, . WOOL, Merino, rullblo.,,!, w.-ishrd, - Merino. Inll Mood. uu»a,lird, Miiino. ilirrc lonrlhs v>asbcd, Merino, hall blood, Merino, quar'-er washed, Nalivo, washed, ... I'nllcd, l.air.'-"s firsi f.l, - Pulled, Lainu^,. s«sl, - EGGS, MEAL, Ryr.reiail. - Indian, rclail, POTATOS, ('IDER, facrordins tn qualiiy.l 50, containing a completr assortment of lb mostly used in a kitchen gaiden, on as favorable t they can be procured in this country, of cqunl ne:itly done up in s.Tiall paccages, ready for retailin short direetiona on each package for its culn management — warranted to be of Ihe growth ■ and of the purest quality. tf Fel Publishetl every Fridny. lU 5»5 per nnnnni.pnud ejid ofdieyear— bui those' who pay wilhin si»i_\ iI'uns linie of subseribiuf . are entided lo n deduction ol fifiy ^JZT No paper will be seal to a distance without pn> in:: in.idi> in advance. Piinied for J. H. RessEIt., by I. R. ReTTS— I all diM riplions of Priiiiing can be cxiciiled lo men il ol cnsioniers. Ordrisfor priming received by J. II I at llie Ajiricultural Warehouse Mo. AS North Mnil AGENTS. AVie Yort—a. Tiiur.ui'nK iV .Son, 67 Liberlv-slrrr PInltiJtIphin- U. & C Lanlbeth. 85 Chesinul-sir. . U,iliimoie—ii. H. SuiTii, Ollice of the Ameiicnn F.u /l'A,nli;-II.n JlS'K lU'VL. /■7i/.cii &.Sons, Prop. Lin. Pol //.nrA'ri/— linoiiMIN & SoSS. Ihlij\i.r. N. S.— p. J. Iloi i.A.'I). Esq. Recorder Ofli Montreal, L. C. — A. lt, B. Rdssel... at ^r^. 62 ^Torih MarU. o.,..,, ^,a tte Jl^kuUural //««Ao«.v. j.-Thomas G.^eT^^^^^^I^oV. BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1830. No. 86. RIGINAI, COMMUMC ATIONS. FOK THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. IPROVED RINGS FOR BREAKING STEERS. Pig- 1. Open. To be shut cold with the tongs by a grip after being at- tached to the nose. ! being the form of the ring when attacked to the 0 vary in size as occasion, may require, ed by the smiths a cold shxtt. n '-inch braziers' rods is about the size requisite. BREAKING STEERS. FESSEnoE.f — 111 ypiir very useful pn|)er of h iiii-tant, is a comiriiinicatioii respecting the iig of Steers, which is very good. Still a jbettor mode may be a.loptetl, with a saving of I clinej to visit the blacksmith's shop to ho of much miich time and lahcr. profit to their owners. I The course 1 have pursued is, to have them in the first phice. 'J'ake them to the black smith's, have them snugly fastened in the frame and with a sharp, smooth instrument, pierce tlieii noses ; then repeat the operation with an iron very hot ; after which insert a ring, of the form here represented (Jig. 1.)— open to admit it to its place ; then to he shut cold with the large tongs generally i: ' .^e by the smiths. This o|)eration is simple and (jUM-kly done, at a trifling expense, which is no obstruction to the animal's feeding, and is only soro for a few days ; when the animals become perfectly submissive and fit for use in as many days as would requite weeks in the ordinary me- thnd of breaking to the yoke. If this informa- tion is worthy of a place in the New Ejigiand Farmer, you will please to insert it. Respectfully yours, A SUBSCRIBER Canandaigua, M Y. March 9, 1830. roRTHE NEW ENGLAND I-AKMEK. TIIEPLOUGH, From its importance, justly holds the most con- 2. The next cUiss of wrought iron (doughs as- jsumcs a variety of forms, being dependent on the eye of the smith, for their construction. There is no certainty of their being alike. They are li- able to become loose at the juncture of share and mould hoard, and about the holts that pass through the thin plate of which they are made ; and also to get too much of a tendency to land by reason of the stretching of the wing of the share in sh.-irpening. They are usually inclined to crowd ofi; rather than raise and turn over the furrow slice. Many of them, however, have proved verv good. 3. The third ciiss, or wrought iron, with steel spring mould hoard, although very similar to the last described clas$ ; If well made, will probably besr rough usage*, ng rocks, stumps, &c. bet- ter than any other. •I. The fourth class, or wrought iron share and coulter, with cast iron land side and mould board is known by thename of Howard's Patent. The two largest sizes of this class aie certainly the best of the lockal-coulter variety, they are partic- ularly adapted lo breaking uj) land that is filled spicuoiis place among the instruments ofhi.'sband-j with roots that .iiav be cut off by the plough ry, andtnere is none that admits of, or has at- They are good in grass land, making smooth" auu tamed !o greater diversity of form and material handsome workiThe form of the mould hoard par- in Its structure If we look back to the days of take, too much of a combination of straight lines a» ourladiers and contemplate the relics of their | in the Jefferson |lrinciple; which gives it atendencv giant-ploughs, some ten or twelve feet long, or if to crowd off ratKerthan raise and turn over the ...•,n^e the gradual footsteps of improvement, slice-leaving it et^T-md hard ; also the coulter ; shall find that the plough has attracted the following the point of the plough allows it to clo-- attention of the inventive spirit of the age. Since the establishment of the patent oflice, there has been issued about one hundred patents for either real or s ipposed improvement on the plough. Formerly they were constructed of wood, with very little iron about them, save the coulter and share, now we find them of wrought iron ; wrought iron and steel, with spring mould boarl.s ; wrought and cast iron, and others almost entirely of cast iron, and this made to assume a great va- iety of forms and sizes. Now a question arises, and causes it to require from one fifth to one third more power to cut and turn over a furrow slice of equal dimensions than the detached or knife coul- ter, which is set about two inches in advance of the point of the share, and so as to cut half an inch of the land side of the plougli. The travel and attendance to and from the smith's, together with his fees, make too large nn item to pass un- noticed in considering this variety. 5. We now come to the fifth class, or cast iron r - .1 1- . . .. ' '-plough. Here \ve are iiresented with a /ri-cit vn how is the farmer to make a jiidcbus selection, '•,(• c i • ''"''"."'""''' ^ fe'^^t va- • ■ - ■' =cicL.iuij, riety ol forms and sizes, but it should be remem- bered, that all the castings for a particular |)atterii from this iunumorable host .' An answer may best ho given by those who have examined care- fully the construction of the different im[ilements, and who have thoroughly tried the greatest num- ber of them in the field. Having had some acquaintance with ploughs of all the above classes, I feel disposed to offer a few I,..- i r j. i i " ,. ,v,,,i .1 .■ . "','" "^" trial, are di.*no.sed to deny. I am aware that ma remarks on the resiiective characters of those that ..„ I i a- i. i • ■• , "'i'"'" [ . eu 1 1 • "y '''>^'^ '"^•■1 offered to the public that were bad liavc tallen under my observation. i i • • - ■ " '^"'" "'^"- "<"* are exactly alike ; so that if we should find a good cast iron plough, we may be certain of pro- curing others like it in all respects. That ploughs of this descrijliou may be used to advantage on most soils, few, if any, who have given them a fair 1. The old wooden plough with wrought iron sliare and coulter, has generally jiroved good in breaking up rough, heavy, rooty, sward land ; but in no instance have I seen the work performed with no little expenditure of strength, of man and beast, as with the iron plough of equal size, it is next to impossible to find two, even from the same maker, that are alike in the form of the mould hoard — they are constantly swelling and shriiik- which renders the joints loose, and the plough weak and varying in its running. They are so apt to clog and load up with earth, that they are unfit for old land or tillage, and are too much in- ly con.«lructed, — ^joints not fitting well, and ths material but little better than pot-metal. That these should break anddisappoint the expectations o( the owner, or that they should be knocked to pieces by rough and inexperienced hands, is not to be wondered at ; I am also aware that in some instances they have been condemned ; but I apprehend in most cases it has been in conse- quence of unskilful management, in not properly adjusting the length of chain to balance the jilough and cause it to run level, and from forming an opinion of tlie merits of the plough before it had been worn bright enough for the slice to slide freely upon it — than which nothing could be more 282 INEW ENGLAND FAlliMER, Blar. 26, 1830. i.iii)ru|icr. For a ploiig'i ill the rougli state in They are peculiar for tukiitg up ilie slice, (li>>turb- which il comes Crum llio fuuiidry, unJ one of lliu ing iho arrnngeiiient uf \l3 iiartiilcH, delivering it same piittern tliiit liui been [lolishcd liy the turn- completely inverted into the furrow, and placing; iiig of acres are DO dilVureiit in point ofilrari, ill llie all the loose earth, (detached from the under luovcineiit in the land, in the hands ufllic ploii<{h- .side of the slice in turning) upon the siirfucc which man, and in the delivery of the furrow-shce that gives it the appearaiu-c of having hcen harrowed it is often a ditiicult task to convince a »itraii(;er | lightly, and leaves the field in fine order for Bow- that they arc the same, with the exception of the sand on the surface of the irons. I have used cast iron [iloughs of the following patents : Wood's, Seaver &■ Foy'» self sharpening, Wright's, War- ren's and two si^es of Tice ; the Tice, A. 2. cer- tainly is the he it of these. This ploriiis the segment of an ellipsis, be pearance of everything like fat ; the cellular sub- stance containing small quantities of water, some- times perfectly limpid, sometimes slightly tingnd with yellow. In the cavity of the chest a !^tock is a disease of the same nature I haw doubt, as I lost two fine short horn calves aIx months old by this disease, and the ajipei aiices was almost exactly the same as iu slit which die of the rapid rot. Great agony bi f death — and rapid jmlrefactiou after. I seen two instances, where the rot has as;-; these different appearances. In one install. ^ was principally in a flock of yearling sheep « were all affected in the chronic iiiunuer. In other instance it was in a flock of full gro sheep, where it assumed an acute form, de generally supervening four or five days after first attack. In the cases which has come uii my own observation where it has assumed i acute form, the carcass has become putrid mediately after deutJi. While in chronic ca the bodies have scarely weighed I'lvc or six pom In most of the cases which I liave seen known of, the sheep have been in high order, in these cases the a[>proach of the disease been so rapid as almost to prevent the possil of trying experiments, but in the chronic cas have strong hopes of finding remedies. On first appearance of the iliscasc the sheep shouli separated from the others, not from fear of in tion but that the strong may not beat the weak a from their food. The fiiieat tut! best of first . hay should now be given tliew. tC this does produce a favorable change in « /Stw davs hi gill of good barley may be given pi cnth si and gradually increased to a gill, M |ljis I w gradually add juniper berries uimM y«u arriv the quantity of half a gill fur oach sbvep. T act both as diuretics and deubstruPiil.", niul bi is much more stimulating than other gntiu.-^ : a b same time, great care should be taken titat li • sheep be not exposed to cold ruin orfuHsoroi #< They should have comfortable shelter to lie der, and a large yard for air in the day (ii» (, For the weakest the barley should be ground, the sheep be iireventeil troni getting chu cd hi most careful attention. Should the) -liyyj- symptoms of this, oats should be subhtiiuuid r barley for a few days. In the most violent t I would advise the use of hhiek pepper, or e cum, perhaps the cheapest and bpsl «oulil In smallest reil peppers raised in the garden ; i pulverized might be made into pills with tloiii given in such quantities as might seem lit. case of a very valuable sheep where iJic e.\|i could be art'ordeil 1 uould uiMse the u.sc of or the sulphate of Uuiiiine. Wlieii the spri so fur uilvaiirrd that you wish to luni tliei grass, care must be taken jhnt they are imt « cd by the succulent herbage. They should hi in a dry paaluro where licallhy sheep havo )t for some days, some dry food given tliem at St once a diiy, and a niixtiire of one past of I and two parts of fine chalk placed where y can lick it. I iiin, &r. II. W. TKRRY. If'esl Hartford, Conn., March 9, 1S30. Vol.VIIT.— Nn.36. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 283 Kcedings of the Massachusetts HorlicuUurat So a dely at an adjourned meeting held at the Hall of he Inslitution on the 13(/i of March, 1830. The IVesident reported the following reguln- s for the library and Cabinet of tlic Society. trulations for the Library and Cabinet of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. \[iT. I. — All books, maniiscripts, drawings, en- ivings, paintings,'' models and other articles be- ijing to the Society, shall be confided to the cial care of the Conimiltoe on the Library, ich shall make a report at the annnal meeting, the fir.st Saturday of Sei)tc;T)ber, of their con- ion, and what measures may be necessary for ir preservation, and augmentation. Art. II. — There shall be jirocured proper ;es and cabiiiets for the books and all other ,. icles, in which they shall be arranged, in such I, nner, as the Committee on the Library may di- . :t. Ill Art. III. — All additions to the collection of )ks, and other articles, shall be placed U|)on the le, in the Hall of the Society, for exhibition, one week, and as much longer as the Library mmi'tee may deem expedient, previous to their ng arranged in their appropriate situations. Anx. IV. — The following books of record shall kept in the Ilall of the Society. No. 1. To contain a Catalogue of the books. ss No. 2. To contain a jist of the manuscripts. No. 3. To contain an account of the drawings, 'ravings, paintings, models and all other arti- s. No. 4. Tlie register of books loaned. Art. v. — When any book or other article shall presented to the Society, the name of the do- r shall be inserted in the appropriate record )k, and the time it was received. II AnT. VI. — Kvery book and article shall have a rii mber affixed to it, in the order in which they arranged, in the several books of record. IJArt. VII. — When any new book is received it dl be withheld from circulation, at least one ek ; and very rare and costly works shall not taken from the JIall, without the permission of Library Committee. a Art. VIII Not more flian two volumes shall taken out by any member, at one time, or re- ned longer than two weeks ; and every person ill bo subject to a fine of ten cents a week, for ery volume retained beyond that time. III Art. IX. — Every book shall be returned in od order, regard being had to the necessary ar thereof, with proper usage ; and if any book ill be lost or injured, the person to whom it nds charged shall replace it by a new volume, set, if i! belonged to a set, or pay the current ice of the volume or set ; arid thereupon the Tiainder of the set, if the volume belong to a set, ill be delivered to the person so paying for the ■ne. Art. X. — All books shall be returned to the ill, for examination, on the first Saturday of ptember annually and remain until after the rd Saturday of said month ; and every person then having one or more books, and neglecting to return the same as herein required, shall pay a fine of one dollar; and if at the expiration of one mrinth after the third Saturday of September, any book has not been returned, which was taken out previous to the annual examination of the Library, the person to whom it stands charged shall be required to return the same, and if after such re- quest, it is not placed in the Hall, within two weeks ho shall be liable to pay therefor, in the manner prescribed in the ninth article. Art. XI. — No member shall loan a book to any other person, under the penalty of a fine of one dollar. Art. XII. — When a written request shall be left at the Hall for a particular book, then out. it shall be retained for the ))erson requiring it, for two days after It shall have been returned. The foregoing Regidations having been submit- ed at the adjourned meeting of the Massachusetts Morticultm-al Society on the 13th of March, 1830, they were adopted. H. A. S. DEARBORN, Prcs. Mass. Hort. Soc. The following seeds were presented. Seeds of a Squash .sent by Dr J. S. Rogers of Hartford, Conn., Cauliflower seed of a snjierior quality from the Island of Sicily, by Ca])t Perry of the United States Navy, and 67 varieties of seed from Mexi- co by the Hon. J. F. Wingate. The seeds from Mexico being without nam°s, it was resolved to send them to Thomas Nuttall Esq. Curator of the Botanic Garden in Cam- bridge with a request that he would cultivate them and report to the Society such as may be new and interesting, and to furnish plants or seeds for distribution among the members of the Society if required. The following members were admitted. Corresponding 3f embers. Allen Melville Esq. New York. Subscription Members. "William Stone, South Boston. Joseph Ballard, Boston. The following resolutions were iidopted. That the thanks of the Society be presented to all persons who have made donations of scions, seeds, &c, and that the Secretary be requested to notify them of the same. That the Professors of the Society be requested to deliver lectures in the different branches of their professorship during the month of April, and that the Executive Committee be requested to inake such arrangements with them as may be necessa- ry for that jHirpose. That it is expedient to procure a suitable room, in some central and convenient situation for the use of the members, and that a Committee be naw appointed to make the necessary inquiries, and to report at the adjourned meeting to be held on the 27th current. Messrs B. V. French, Thomas Brewer, Zebedee Cook, Jr. were appointed a Committee ))ursuant to the last resolution. A'^oted, That the Treasurer be requested to lay before the Society at their adjourned meeting, on Saturday the 27th current,' a statement of the funds of the Society. A Committee composed of the following gen- tlemen, was appointed to designate an individual to I deliver the next anniversary afldress before the .Society, and to report at the next st.itcd meeting of the same. Messrs Zebedee Cook, Jr. 1 Samuel Downer, | E. Bartlett, ^Committee. Robert Manni.ng, j Charles Lawrence, j Correction. — In Uie list of Honorary Members of Massachusetts Horlicultuial Society, last paper page 274, instead of Lewis Clapret, read Lewis Clapier. The admission fee of 15 dollars as slated in the last, is exchisivc of the entrance fee of 5 dollars. BEES — ANSWER TO INqUIRER. Mr Fessenden — A few days since, having oc- casion for some- honey, I called on a neighbor who ' went to his hive and took out what I wanted. I asked him the reason why he had a hive of honey without bees at this time of the year ; he told mc lie cxjiected they had lost their King Bee as ho knew of no other reason. The bees ajipearing to be in good condition and well stored with honey. The manner in which he drove his bees out of the old hive into a new one, to rid them of tlie Bee moth, may ho worth mentioning. In the first place he started the top of the hive up so that wa- ter would run in; he then took a half hogshead, deep enough to sink the hive in,aftcr which he took the hive that had the bees in and put it top down- wards in the hogshead, with the new hive on top of that ; be then turned in water gradually, till it was up to the top of the old hive, then took the new hive, and set it it in the bee house, and the bees went to work in one hour ; and always have had honey sufficient for the winter. The month of June is the time to change them ; he told ine ho knew of no evil that attended the pro- cess, as Mrs Griffith said it must be done with care and moderation. NATHANIEL S.MITH. Hopkinion, Mass, March 18, 1830. Silks. — A specimen of silk,obtained from worms, reared at Lisle in the years 1828 and 1829, has been exhibited at the Museum of Natural History in that city. These worms have been fed entire- ly on the leaves of the scorzonera hispanica, a |)lant common in every kitchen garden in France, under the name oCsatsif. Cattle eat it with avidity, and the milk of cows is both incseased and impro- ved by it. Accounts from the Cape of Good Hope state, that the rearing of silk worms is like- ly to become a profitable branch of industry in that colony. The silk produced there is of a very fine quality, and the worms thrive well in the open air. — Literary Gazette. A triple strawberry was gathered in a garden in Charleston, S. C. 16tli ult. The owner conjec- tured that the weather being too cnld for individ- ual comfort, the three had thus lovingly entwined themselves together. In the five years immediately succeeding 1821 not less than $35,156,494 worth of Silks were imported into the United States from foreign countries ; a sum nearly double in value to the whole amount of grain and bread-stuffs exported during the same time. A bed of Porcelain Clay was discovered Inst fall, by a farmer in the town of Granby, in dig- gintj a well. It lies about 6 feet from the surface, and about 4 miles distant from the Farmington Canal. It has been analysed by Professor Silliman, and pronounced to be of the finest and most va- luable kind. — AC Haven Her. 284 NEW ENCLA^D FARiMER, Mar. 26, 1830. LlSajiRY OF L'SBFUIj KXOWLKDGIi:. [C«xlil0 CHAPTER IV. Tin: niFIERRNT BREEDS OF ENGLISH HORSES. THE coACii-HOBsr..' Tills aiiitiial Ima fully shared in tlie [irogress of improvcaieiil, and is os different from what he wn.s fifty years ugo ns it is |iussible to conceive. Tlie chiiiisy-harrellcd, cloddy-shoiil krcd, rounJ-leg- ed, hlack ra:nily horse, neither a coach M'tr u dray-horse, but sonie:hiiig between both, as fat ns an ox, and, with all his pride and [irancitig at first starting, not equal to more than six miles an hour, 'Wheel carriages, bearing any resemblance lochariols, firnt came into use in the icign of Riclmri] II. about the year 1381 ; they were called wliirlicolis, and were lillle better than litters or cotes (cots) placed on wheels. We are ti!d by Mister JohnStowc, that ' Richard II beinrr throatonod by the rebels nf Kent, rode from the Tower of London to the .Miles End, and with him his mother, because she was sick and weak, in a whirlicote ;' and this is described as an ugly vehicle of four board.^ put together in a clumsy manner. In the following year ho married Anne of Lu.xem- bourg, who introduced the riding upon side-saddles ; and »o ' was the riding in those whirlicotcs forsaken, except at coronations and such like spectacles.' Couches were not used until the lime of Glizaneth, when wo are told (Stnwc's Survey of London and West- minister, book i.) ' divers great ladies made tliem coach- es, and rode in them up and down the countries to the great admiration of ail the beholde.-s.' The fashion boon spread, and he adds, what is often too true in the present day, ' the world runs on wheels with many whose parents were glad to go on foot.' These coaches were heavy and unwieldy, and proba- bly bore sonic rough resemblance to the state coaches iu>w us'jd occasionally in court procession.? The rate of travelling was as slow as tlie clumsiness of the horses and vehicle would naturally indicate. — King George II. died c.irly on Saturday morning, Octo- ber 21, 17C0 ; the Duke of Devonshire, who was lord, chamberlain, arrived in town from Chatsworth in three days ; but a fourth and a fifth day passing over, and the lord steward, the Duke of Rutland, not making his ap- pearance, although he had not so far to travel by more than thirty miles, Mr Speaker Onslow made this apology for him, that ' the Duke of Devonshire travelled at a prodigious rale, not less th-\n fifty miles a dav -^ To travel in a stage-coach from London to Kpsom, six- teen miles, then tooK nearly the whole day, and the pas- sengers dined on the road. The coach from Edinburgh to London started once a month, and occupied sixteen or eighteen days on the journey. ,\ person may now start from Edinburgh on Saturd.iy evening, have two spare days in London, and hn back again at the Scotch metropolis to breakHist on the no.xt Saturday. Inclu- ding short stages, one thousand four hundred coaches now set out from London every day ; the expense of each of which, with four horses, cannot be loss than two shillings and sixpence per mile. IIicKncy coaches first appeared in London in lOS-'i, the first year of the reign of Charles I. : sedan-chairs had been introduced by the duke of Buckingham six years before. Among the numerous benefits arising from the servi- ces of the horse,and the improvement of public roads and carriages, is the speedy and regular correspondence by post. The invention id' this useful ostnblipnmcnt is as- cribed to Cyrus the (>reat. It was adopted by the Greeks and Romans. It was introduced into France by Louis XL in \i62, and wc first read of it in English history about tho year I.'>.")0, under Edward VI., when pust- hnuses were ostabliFed, and horses provided at the rale of one penny per mile. Under Elizabeth a post- master was nominated hy|rovernment, and under Charles I., in ICS-l, the system imsuniod its present form. Tho charge of postage was iImo n\ed at two pence, if under eighty miles ; four ponce belwi'cn oiKhty and one hun- dred and forty ; and six ponce if under two liundred and forty miles ; l>)it this charge rapidly increased with llio incroasing price of horses, and the other rxpe lies ol conveyance, and afterwards it was t'urtlier raised by taxation, liko almost everything else and kiiockiiig-up with one hard day'd work, ia no more seen ; and wo have, instead ol him, an animal as tall, dee|i-rlie.sled, rising in the withers, slanting in the Khoulderii, flat in the lege, with even more Htrenglh, and wiih treble tl:e miecj. There ia a great deal of deception, however, even in the best of these improved coach-horses. They prance it nobly through the streets ; ami they have more work in them than the old clum- sy, sluggish breed ; but they have not the endu- rance that could be wished, — and a pair of poor post-horses would, at the end of the uecood day, beat them hollow. The knee-action, and high lifting of the feet in the carriage horse is deemed an excellence, be- cause it adds to the grandeur of his appcarace : but, as )ias already been stated, it is necessarily accompanied by much wear and tear of the legs and feet, niid this is very soon ap|)arcnt. The principal points in the couch-horse ure, substance well placed, a deep and well proporlion- ed !)ody, bone under the knee, anil sound, oii3n, tough feet. The origin of the better kind of roach-horse is the Cleveland Bay, confined principally to York- shire and Durham, with, perhaps, Linoolnshiroon one side, and Northumberland on the other, but difficult to meet with pure in either county. — The Cleveland mare is crossed by a three fourth, or thoroughbred horse of sufficient substance and height, and the produce is the conch-horse most in repute, with his arched crest and high action. l''iom the thoroufjiibred of suflicient height, but not of so much substance, we obtain the four-in- hand, and superior curricle-horse. From less height and more substance we have the hunter and better sort of Hackney ; and, from the half-bred, we derive the machineer, the post- er, and the common carriage-horse: indeed, Cleveland, and the Vale of Pickering, in tho East Riding of Yorkshire, may be considered as the most decided breeding county in England for coacli-bor.scs, hunters, and hackneys. The coarh- horse is nothing more than a tall, strong, over- sized hunter. Tho hackney ho3 many of the qualities of the hunter on a small scale. How far wc are carrying supposed improve- ment too fur, and sacrificing strength and useful- ness to speed, is a question not difficult to resolve. The rage for rapid travelling is the bane of the post-master, the destruction of tho horse, and n disgrace to the English character. There is no triilli so easily proved, or so pain- fully felt by the post-master, at least in his pocket, as that it is the pact that kills. A horse at n dead pull, or at the beginning of his pull, is enabled, by the force of his muscle--, to throw a certain weight into the collar. If be walk four miles in the hour, some part of that muscular energy must be expended in the act of walking ; and, consequent- ly, tho power of drawing must bo propurtionahly diminished. If he trot eight miles in Ihi: liimr, more animal power is expended in the trot, and less remains l<>r the draught ; but the draught continues the same, and to enable liim to accom- plish his work, ho must tax his energies to u de- gree that is cruel in itself, ond thot must speedily wear him out. Let it be supposed — what every horse cannot acconiplisli — that he shall be able, liy fair exer- tion and without distre.«.s, to throw, at n iload pull, a weight into bis collar, or exert a t'orco equal to two hundred and sixteen jiounda ; or, in other words, let him be able to draw a load wbicliL. quires a force of two hundred and sixteen pob to move. Let him next walk at the rate of i ; miles in an hour : what force will he then hi' 1 to employ .' \Vc have taken away some !■ , ' sist him ill walking, and we have left him • I ninelysix pounds, being not half of that whici ^ i \ could e.vert when he began bis pull. He s ^• ' quicken his pace to six miles an hour — more ^u I ergy must be exerted to carry biin over thia ^ ' ditinnal ground. How much has be remaiiiin r)i: I apply to the weight behind him ? Fiftyfi.ur pot f,\ 1 only. Wc will make the six miles an hour I ^ ! for it seems now to be the fashion for the „-. coach, and for almost every coach, and every ^j hide to attempt this pace. How Biands the «,;. j count with the poor beast r We have left hi ,1,,; I power equal to thirtytwo pounils only to he ■ - • I ployed for the purpose of draught. „ The load which a horse can draw is about y I teen limes greater than the power exert<'d, su| ■ , , sing the road to he bard and level, and the carr j to run with little friction ; and the horse wl ^ at starting can throw into the collar a wciL'hr force equal to two hundred and sixteen p will draw a load of three thousand two huv , Let him, however, be urged on at the rate ol miles in the hour — deduct the power usee swiftness of pace from the sum total of that wl he possesses, and what remains ? — not a s part — not that which is equal to a quarter i ton — or, if it be a stage-coach, the energy exe in draught by the four horses will not be equi a ton. The coach, and its pas.'jengers and its lugg weigh more than this, and the whole is still dn on, and must be so. Whence comes the po\» '. From the over-strained exertion, the injury, torture, the destruction of the horse. That w, is true of the coach-horse, is equally true of e other. Let cacb reader apply it to his own mal, and act as humanity and interest dictate. Many a horse used en our public roads is i bio to throw all bis natural power or weight the collar. He is tender-footed — lame ; but 1 bought at little juice, and he is worked on brutal and abominable principle, that he iiia <■ whipped sound.' Ami so apparently he i-. first he sadly halts ; but, urged by the tortur the lash, he acquires a peculiar habit of g< ,,, The faulty limb appears to keep |)acc with ^ others, but no stress or labor is thrown iipot t- and he gradually contrives to make the sound li - P'rform among them all the duties of tlieniiso ^ one ; and thus he is barbarously ' whipped soi ^.. and cruelty is undeservedly rewunlcd. Aftei ^^ however, what has been done ? Three legs f . made to ilo that which was almost too har j. task fur four. Then they must be most injuri i^ . ly straineil, ami soon worn out, and the gel y, power of the ani%ial must be rapidly exham ■ and, at no great distance of time, exhaustion death release him from his merciless persecii: It IS said that between Glasgow and FAliiifpii a carrier in a single horse ran, weighing al , seven huinlred weight, will take a load of a l-^. and at the rale of twentytwo miles in a day. Normandy carriers travel with n team off horses, and fiom fourteen to twentytwo niilM a day, with a load of ninety hundred wrii;hl.' .\n unparallrled instance of the power of a bl when assisted by art, was shewn near <"roj| The Surrey iron railway being complcled, a ' Vol.VIII.— No. 36. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 285 ;r was laid by two gentlemen, that a coniinon n-se could draw tliirtynix tons for six miles along road, and that he slioiikl draw this weight om a dead pull, as well as turn it ronnd the oc- isional windings of the road. A numerous par- of gentlemen assenihled near Merstham to sec is extraordinary triumph of art. Twelve wa- )ns loaded with stones, each wagon weighing lOve three ton, were chained together, end a jrse, taken promiscuously from the timber cart Mr Ilarwood, was yoked to the train. He arted from l]%: I*'o.\ ]inblic-house, near Merstham, id drew the immense chain ol wagons, with jparent case, almost to the turnpike at Croydon, distance of six miles, in one hour and fortyone imitcs which is nearly at the rate of four miles hour. In the course of the journey he sto|ipe(l ur times, to show that it was not by any advan- (• of descent this power was acquired ; and Ter each stoppage lie again drew off the chain wagons with great case. Mr Banks who d wagered on the power of the horse, then de- ed that four more loaded wagons should be j ded to the cavalcade, with which the same horse | t off again with undiminished pace. Still fur- er to shew the effect of the railway in facilitat- ! g motion, he directed the attending workmen, i the number of fifty, to mount on the wagons,] d the horse proceeded without the least distress ; d, in truth, there appeared to be scarcely any iiitation to the power of his draught. After is trial the wagons were taken to the weighing achine, and it appeareil that the whole weight as as follows : — Tons. Cwt. qi: i WagoniS first linked together 38 4 2 I Ditto, afterwards attached 13 2 0 ipposed weight of fifty laborers 4 0 0 55 6 2 [ To be continued next tceck.'\ FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. THE OLIVE. Mr Fessekden — Although the Olive is exclu- d from our catalogue of trees, which it is possible naturalize, in theso northern regions, it may be icressfuUy introduced, and found a most valua- e acquisition, in the more congenial soil and iinate of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and )rtions of Alabama and Louisiana ; and as your urnal has a circulation co extensive with the uuds of the republic, I enclose an extract, hich is intended for our horticultural colabora- rs, in the sunny plains of the South. The Olive trees of France, have been repeated- destroyed by the severities of winter. The in- nse cold of 1709, 1766, 1788 and 1820 was ry fatal, and during the rigorous winter, of the st named year, nearly every tree in Provence as killed. These frequent disasters have so uch discouraged the cultivation, that not a quar- r part of the oil consumed in France, is produ- d in that country, and more than 50,000,000 of incs are annually paid for the supplies imported om Spain, Italy and the Levant. Under these circumstances, the government, as ell as the agricultural and horticultural societies ive attempted to revive, encourage and extend e cultivation of the Olive ; and researches have ten made, to find some species of this invalua- e gift of Minerva, of a hardier character, than those hitherto raised on the shores of the Medi- terranean. Their efforts appear to have been suc- cessful. Two kinds have been discovered to ex- ist in the Crimea, which hid defiance to the in- clement winters, which are occasionally expe- rienced on the northern borders of tlie Euxine, and are, therefore, capable of flourishing in the less frigid climate of the southern departments of France. As an intercourse is now open with the Rus- sian ports of the Black Sea, in consequence of the recent treaty of Adrianople, it will not be dif- ficult to obtain plants of the remarkable varieties of the Olive existing in the Crimea, which will find a more temperate latitude and fertile soil in the south western section of the United States, than those where they have continued to flourish fur centuries. The Crimea is situated between the 44lh and 46th degrees of north latitude, and the Cimmerian Bopphorug, or straits of Yenicale, and sea of Azof, which bound it on the east and the north, are us- ually closed with ice, from December to March. During all time the Olive has been considered the most valuable of all cultures, and is still so es- timated within those favored and limited regions of the globe, where it will flourish. In the contest between Neptune and Minerva for the guardianship of Athens, each cxhibiled their power and beneficence ; the former produc- ed the horse, by smiting the earth with his trident ; hut the latter, with the touch of her lance, caused the Olive to spring up at her feet ; and this being considered the most useful present to man, the Goddess of Wisdom become the tutelar divinity of the city. In America the god of the ocean has anticipated his rival, and seems to claim the hon- or of i)rotector, by furnishing from his vast domain a partial substitute for the product of the Olive. — But it is not improbable, that Minerva may yet dispute his right, and command equal distinction, by extending to us the rich present, she made to the Greeks; for there are portions of the United States, where the cultivation of the Olive will possibly rival or take precedence of that of the sugar cane and cotton plant. The trees can be propagated by seeds, layers, slips, cuttings of the root, aud by ,'prouts or suck- ers. It is very remarkable, that it is only within a very few years, that it was known Olive trees oould be raised from the stones. Before the com- mencement of the present century they were uni- versally multiplied by suckers and cuttings. Ac- cident made known the process which nature had so long concealed from man. A cultivator of Olives, in the south of France, threw the stones, which had been divested of their pulp, into a yard, where a flock of turkeys were confined, who greedily devoured them. The next season im- merous young plants appeared, within the enclo- sure ; this induced the proprietor to investigate the cause, which had developed the vegetative powers of the seed ; and presuming that it was probably owing to the extraction of the oil, while in the stomach of the turkeys, he attempted to im- itate that i)rocess by artificial means. A number of stones, from which the pulp had been thorough- ly sejjarated, were soaked in an alkaline solution, a suflicient time to neutralize the oil, which im- pregnated them, and were then planted ; the ex- periment was successful. This expeditious mode of establishing nurseries, has been encouraged by the Royal Agricultural Society, and the first premium of 3,000 francs was awarded to M. D'Gasquet in 1825. The stones are planted the first of March, and the plants are grafted or budded when four years old. They begin to yield fruil in ten years, and are fully productive about the twer\ty fifth year. A method of forming a nursery, which has been successfully adopted near Toulon, may pro- bably be introduced into this country ; it is by transplanting,as stocks, wild Olive iilants,fioiu the forests, where they had sprung up, from stones dropped by the thrush and black bird. Fortu- nately, we have an indigenous variety, — the Otea Americana, the American Olive, or Devil Wood ; still it may be so far removed in its physiology, from the cultivated species, of the eastern conti- nent, as not to answer for stalks, on which to engraft them ; but the experiment is worthy of trial. The American Olive grows as far north as Nor- folk, in Virginia, and therefore, is capable of re- sisting a greater degree of cold than any other known kind, and may facilitate the naturalization of those produced in the Crimea. It is found in soils and exposures extremely different, in Vir- ginia, the Carofiiias, Georgia, Florida and Louis- iana. On the sea shore it springs up with the Live Oak, in the most barren and sultry spots ; and in other places, it is seen with the Big Laurel, and Umbrella tree, in cool, fertile and shaded situa- tions, which are very favorable circumstances, for the cultivated varieties are fastidious as to soil, aspect, and temperatuic. I believe attempts have been made to cultivate the Olive in Georgia and South Carolinia; but whelh er successfiilly or not, I am not informed, although I have an impression, that some trees are growing in or near Savannah. In Florida one experiment has been made, and is thus described by Augustus L. Hillhouse, Esq. in his very interesting article on the Olive tree, contained in Michaiix's North American Sylva. ' While the Floridas were held by the English, an adventurer of that nation, led a colony of Greeks into the eastern province, and founded the settlement of New Smyrna : the princiiial trc"- sure which they brought from their native clime, was the Olive, Bartram, who visited this settle- ment in 1775, describes it as a flourishing town. Its prosperity, however, was of momentary dura- tion ; driven to despair, by hardship and oppres- sion, a part of these unhappy exiles, conceived theharily enterprize of flying to the Havannah,in an open boat ; the restretnoved to St Augustine, when the Spaniards resumed possession of the country. In 1783, a few decaying huts, and sev- eral large Olive trees, were the only remaining traces of their industry.' Very truly. Your most obedient servant, Brinley Place, > H. A. S. DEARBORN. March 17, 1830. I EXTRACT NO. X. From the Annales D'Horticulture. Memoir on the Culture and Propagation of the Olive, &c, by M. Des Michels. After giving a history of this cultivation and of the disasters which had attended it in France, he observes : — The Journal of Odessa, — a Russian ])ort on the north western coast of the Black Sea, — has informed us, that there are cultivated, in the south- 286 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Mnr. 26, 1830. cm |iiirt oT tlio C'riinm, iwo varieties of tlin Olive, are oPn ityrniniilul form iiiiil an ovul IVuii, nnd tiic i other with pemliint branches and u lar(,'e liean- • -ihapcil berry. They yiehl great cro(is ami resist the frost. It is said llint these trees have existed for several rciitiirio.", and aUhoii;:li tliey have !)een often mutilated by the hand of in:iii and the teeth of beasts, they have not ecaseil to throw out ' sbootd nnd siicketv. They have becti cultivated ! in the Ru-5sian Imperial (Jarden of Xikita, to pre- i serve nnd propngate the sjjecics, with plants which were received from Provence, and have endured the rigorous winters of 1S2-5 and IS-26, while those of Provence, in the same exposure perished even to the root. You will observe, gentlemen, that tlie frost here nlludcolhe('i or an alms-house in that enviable slate betwi.xt was simply reimbursed the original cost of I iniligencc and afilucnce, which was the object of lueilicine lie furnished.' And we have known the wise mail's prayer. The worse than waste , certain ' man of Ross,' in New England, prftclu of property, is, however, the smallest item in the for a number of years, the necefsity of any jk catalogue of evils which await the grntillcation of j person's applying to the town for assi.itance, the sordid appetite for the jiernicioiis products of taking a little pains to make liiinscif ncquain' the distillery. The whole man, soul as well as with the situation and |irus| eels of the poo boily,beeomcs deteriorated — a prey to the anguish part of the population — lending them small su on emergencies sometimes without interest, ploying them on a large farm, which lie own and cultivated, and paying them for their lab witli its produce, without making any extra chai in seasons of scarcity, 3. A cause of pauperism, too cointnon to of remorse — an outcast from all respectable soci ety — the cause of misery to his family, friends and connexions — sinks below the level of the brute— is as fair a candidate for the State Prison, or the gallows, as the poor-house; and if he es- cape the destiny of a felon, or a pauper, dies n martyr, to the most loathsome nnd painful ' overlooked, is habitual indolence or an avers diseases, which ever inflicted the penalty of trans- to useful employment. Habits of industry or gression on a miserable delinquent. idleness are, generally, formed in early life. 1 Although intemperance is, undoubtedly, the mental and corporeal ficullies of children sho principal source from which are derived the evils I be kept in constant exercise. It were belter t of extreme poverty, as well as of crime, yet, thanks I tliey should be employed like the daughters of 1 to llie efforts of Temperance Societies, nnd the i nae in attempting to fill riddle-sieves with water awakened, corrected, and all pervading influence in learning to repeal the Greek alphabet ba of public opinion, there are hopes, apparently wards, than to siifTer their powers of miml nnd well founded, that this great fountain of misery, dy to remain without exercise or cultivation. 4 primary Schools, when well managed, are, f hajis, as useful in establishing habits of in4 Sheep— divide.! as follows : Old Mar 15G Beef Cattle, 2.5 Stores and 1 10 Sheep i«i last wi'ck. X(ir Market, \2^ Beef Cnltle, (in. ing .S3 unsol.l Inst week) fil Stores, (inchidin unsold hist week) nnd 1 11 Sheep. The market today was uncommonly dull, ■ sales went ofl' very heavily, owing probably loll Inrgo qiiantily of sinughtcred beef on liaiiil, a to tlio unfavorable slate of the wealber, which day was very warm. We nre not aware t\ prices varied materially from the last week Vol. VIII.— No. 36. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 287 tie in general were of very good quality — one n [(articular we noticed at the New Market, ad and driven !)y Mr Brooks of Wal|iole, N. lescrves, and wo accordingly award him our lai. lie was purchased by J. Bird, Esq. at 6 s. pr. evvt. forking CallU and Milch Cows, plenty and dull favorable opportunity now offers for Fanners ip|)ly themselves with the former. hecp. — The market fir Sheep seems to have veil, and sales today were more eas.ly eft'ect- f The lot unsold last week were taken at ' r5 ; 1 lot of 21 at $4, and a lot of 69 from farm of Elias Phinuey, Esq. Le.xington, at 5^ head. u;i?ie. — None ut market. iRATA. — In the New England Farmer of 12th inst. 266, 1st column, for 'on a form about four feet in Ih,' read 'on z frame dhont forty kel in length' — 267, 1st column, 2J line, for ' level wheel' read ' ie- wheel' — 4th line, for ' level wheels^* read ' bevel ;ls' — 3Sth line, for ' corn or grass' read ' corn or flax.' above, and one or two other minor verbal errors, made in the paper from wliich we copied the article. Asparagus Roots. ir sale at the Seed Store connected with the New and Farmer, 52 North Market-street, DO Devonshire Asparagus Roots, two years old, in tne t order for transplantirjg, at 75 cts per hundred. They eked in boxes of sand, 350 in each box ; no charge for the box, but tl.ey will be sold in larger or smaller titles, if desired. The above sort is the earliest kind lit into the liojton market. 0, a few roots of the following sorts -. Large German ■agus, (from seed introduced into this country two since,) Battersea, and Large Wbite Reading Aspa- s, from England — these rare sorts are Bold at from $2 per hundred, according to the size. Th^re aie 200 roots of each sort for sale, this season. Mar 12. JVtw Vegetable. ,1 received, and for sale at the Seed-slore connected with ew England Farmer office, hi, North Market-slrecl— mal! qiiaiiijiiy ofllie seed of Uic Orange, Warty, or Sugar Snuasl.. ; have received the above from n very intelligent farmer cesier, Mass., who has cultivated them for many years, as Iransmilleil the (oliovvins; account nl them. This Squash, cultivated under the three names {mentioned above,) ) vicinity, I consider docidedly superior to any other Sum- tquash; and it will, I believt% wticn generally known, be fhly appreciated by others. It answers well in small gar- as it does not run to vine— it produces but few seeds. are small, and need not be taken out when cooked — it is flavor, and looks beautifully when preparf.il for the la. " planted in rich ground, they will bear until frost kills ; and are so hardy, that Ihey Irequently come up after t all winter. 'I'hey should be planted from the first of till ihii middle of June, in soil well manured. We have hcin pure in our family fiir about filly ye.irs; but with farmers, who are not careful in planting them distinct iiher vines, they soon '' run out," like ma.iy other valua. egeiables. e above (a small quantity) is for sale in packages 12 1-2 ch. If March 26. Grape Vines, Potatoes, Sfc. ■ sale at the SicJ Store connected with the New England er. 5'-. North Market street, le roots well parked in moss, of Bland's pale red Virginia n, at 75 els.— Isabella, 50 cls.~Cata«ba, 50 cts— the .■ikill Musradell, at 75 els.— Early While Muscadine, ;t water, large roois, 50 cts. — and all ihc other valuable vuliivated bi this vicinitv,at Nursery prices. n. La Plata or Lon» Red Polatoes, raised by Mr Gour- f Weston, and selected fur seed— Lady's Finger Potatoes, • orl for baking) Blue, Red, and Perkins' Earlv, all i. tf March 26. Ornamental Flower Seeds. r sale at the Seed Store connected with the New and Farmer, 52, North Market-street, extensive collection of Ornamental Flower Seeds, pers at 6 cents each — 20 varieties for .91,00, 100 ties of annuals, biennials, and perennial*, for $'5, directions for their culture. tf March 5. Scions of Superior Fruits. Just received at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farm >r, 52, North Market-street, An extensive collection of scions of the finest fruits cultivated in this country, both of native varieties, and of the fine sorts of Mr Knight and Dr Van Mens. They are all cut from bearing branches, from two extensive fruit gardens iu this vicinity : and the utmost reliance can be placed on the accuracy of the sorts, as they are cut and libelled, personally, by the proprietors. The follow- ing comprises a part. — Additions will be made, weekly, to the collection. (The Numbers refer to the drawings and dcicriptions iu Coxe's Treatise on Fiuit trees) — PEAR SCIONS. Petit Muscat, (Cox,J\ro. 1.) July. Madeleine, Citron de Cannes, or Early Green Chisel, C Cox JVo . 3.) Same as Early Chaumontelle of Blood- good and Davenport. July. Bellissiine d'ete, or the Beauty of Summer, (Cox A''o. 6.) Last of July. *kinless, or Poi.e Sans Peau, (Cox JVo 7.) August. Aurale, (Cox jVo. 9.) August. Jargonelle, (French, Gros Cuisse Madame.) August. Musk, Spice, or Rcusselet de Rheims, (Cox, 19.) Sept. Seckle. Sept. and Oct. St Michaels. October. Verte Longue Panache^, Striped Long Green or Culottes de Suisse. The Striped Dean of Prince'' s Treatise.— (Cox 29.) October. Lewis, (winter table pear, native, fine.) Dec. to March. Verte Longue Mouille Bouche, (Cox 30.) October. Messire Jean, (Cox, 33.) November. Cras.mne, Bergamot Crasanne, ( Cox, 34.) Nov Dec. Virgouleuse, or Poire de Glace, (Cox, 38.) Jan. &. Feb. Ambrette. Jan. to March. Bezy de Chaumontelle, or Butter pear of Winter. (Cox 46. Dec. to Feb. Oct. Autumn. Autumn. Sept. Oct. and Nov. Winter. Oct. and Nov. Winter. Aug. and Sept. Winter, late. Nov. and Dec. Sept. Nov Not fruited. Doyenne Gris, (Forsyth, 44.) Johonnol. Charles of Austria. Capiaumont. Beurie Knox. B?rgamot Penticost. Calabash. Sec Prince's Treatise. Passe Cohnar. Gibson, Amory, or Andrews. Beuree Hardenpunt, (Beureo Ranee. J Beuree d'Aremburg Huthoi-ne, — new, fine, Jrom Salem. Napoleon. Beuree du Roi. APPLE SCIONS. Monstrous European — .lutumn and eaidy winter. — This is not the Monstrous Pippin of Cox JVo. 27. — Fine Large Early Red, looks like Baldwin. August, name not known, but will be investigated. — English Codlin, — (Cox, 9 August to October.— Yellow B>11 Flower, (Cox JVo. 9,) Winter and Spring.— Red, Doctor, or Dewitt, (Cox,M,) Oct. to January. — Mela Carle, (very fine, from Italy) — Pomme d'Api, or Lady Apple, (very beautiful and fine French apple) — Siberian crab, j fine for pre- serves)—'River, (fine American fruit)— EzrXy Harvest, (finest early npp/ej— Gilliflower, Golden Russet, Gloria Mundi or Monstrous Pippin, Early Sopsavine, Porter, Rhode Island Greening, Gardner's Sweeting, Grand Sachem, Roxbury Russett, Baldwin, Nonpariel, New York Pippin, Ribstone Pippin, Nonsuch, Great Cat Head, Spice, &c. CHERRY SCIONS. Black Heart, Tartarian. PLUM SCIONS. Bolmer's Washington, (the fruit of this has weighed 4| ounces.) Early Yellow. Blue Holland, large ajidfine. ' 804 Apple Seedlings at 50 cts per hundred. 200 Peach do. fine, large size, $3 per hundred. The above scions are of good length, distinctly labelled, and well packed in earth and moss — price 6 cents each. n;^Many of the above fruits will be found described in Co.xe's Treatise on Fruit Trees, Fcssenden's New Ame- rican Gardener, Thacher's American Orchardist, and the New England Farmer. tf March 26. Glass, Cheap. 40 Boxes 6 by 7 Window Glass, suitable for Green Houses or Hot-beds, with an extensive assortment of all other sizes, for sale by Loring & Kupfer, No. 10, Mer- chants' Row. 3m March 12, JVtiv Honeysuckle. For sale at the Seed-slore conneeled wich the New England Farmer office, 52 North Jlarkel-slreei — " A lew niolsof the Lonicera xylosteiim, or Fly llmieysuckle, which, it is thoughl, is in but few gardens in New England. It was inlroduccd into ihis vicinity by Goiiham 1'arsons, Esq. li forms a beaiiiiful shrub of about len feet in height, which can be trained over windows, arbours, &c. and makes a showy appearance when covered with foliage and (lowers: the leaves areolilong.of a fine green, and stand opposite by pairs ; the flowers are white, and are produced in May from the sides ni the branches, and are succeeded by blue berries which ripen in August. It is very hardy, and stands our winters per- fectly. The plants are very thriliy, well packed in moss, are from three to five feel high, and are sold at 75 cts. each. Also, fine, thrifty plants or the Lyceum, or Matrimonial Bow. er, for arbours, &,c. from lour to six feel high, well nacked in moss, at 50 cts. each. If March 2C. For Sale, The celebrated horse ROMAN, now standing at the farm of Stephen Williams Esq. Northborough Mass. Roman is a bay horse with no white, got by Camillus; dam by Eagle ; grandam by Trumpator ; g. grandam by HigliHyer, out of an own (called here full) sister to sir Pe- ter Tcazlo's dam. His £^. ^randara's (Crane's) blood is identically the same as S'lr Peter's, she being got by the same horse as Sir Peter (Highflyer); her dam and Sir Peter's being own sisters ; that is — got by the .same horse, (Snap,) out of the same mare, (Miss Cleaveland, by Rug- lus.) 'This of course, establishes Roman's blood as the highest possible so far ; Sir Peter's being confessedly the most successful blood ever known upon the turf. His g. grandaru's blood is then mixed with that of Trumpator; which has been the only blood to be compared with Sir Peter's of late years ; and has the advantage of being the faitberest possible removed from it. Trumpator was the sire of Sorcerer and Penelope, the most celebrated stall- ions and brood mares of the last generation. Trumpator was got by Conduclor, (own brother to Alfred, sire of Tickle Toby, who died in Virginia;) dam by Squirrel. The Trumpator luare's (Tambourine's) blood is then mixed with that of Eagle. Eagle was got by Volunteer; dam by Highflyer; grandam by Engineer. Volunteer was got by Eclipse out of the Old Tart.ir mare ; and was own brother to Mercury, the sire of Gobanna. Engineer was sire of the sire of Messenger, who died in the vicinity of the City of New York. Eagle was the best horse of his year in the Derby ; was o^vn brother to Spread-Eagle, who won it, and who came to Virginia, and died in Ken- tucky a few years since, at the age of thirty. The Eagle mare's (Lean Forte's) blood is then crossed with Ca-' millus's. Camillus was got by Hambletonian ; dam (Faith) by Pacolet. Hambletonian was got by King Fergus; (sire of Beningbroufih, the sire of Orville; dam by Highflyer. Faith was also the dam of Marcia and Vesta ; each of them the best mute of her year. She was got by Pacolet. Pacolet was never trained ; he wrg got by Blank. He was the sire of a horse called Citizen, who came to Virginia, and proved a most distinguished stallion. He was also the grand-sire of the celebrated Tennessean horse. Monsieur Tonson, who is considered the best horse of his year in the States. " Performances. — 5 Prizes. At 4 years old— 50 guin- eas at Middleham, King's plate of 100 gs. at Newcastle- on-Tyne, 100 gs. at York, £100 at Doncaster, and £68- 16s at Richmond— beating Antonia; Rosary, Lightning Carfacaratadaddera, and Little Thomas, 2 miles — Awful, Boronghman, and Lightning, 4 miles, — Pacha by Selim, 2 miles." "Performances. — 4 Prizes. At 5 years old — 45 guineas, at Middleham, gold cup at Beverly, 70 gs. at Cheltenham, and gold cup at Hereford; — beating Pawlowilz, b. f. by Thunderbolt, Cottage Girl, Cambyses, and Wild Boy 3 miles, — Phoenix, Ethelinda, and ch. f. by Flydemar, 2 miles; — Thyisis and Charming Molly, 3 iniles,^SbyIock and Trim, 2 miles." For terms, &.c. apply (post-paid) to J. B. Russell, publisher of the New England Farmer, Boston. tf March 26. Wanted. A first rate farmer from Massachusetts, to take charge of a farm on shares, of about 130 acres on Long Island, at about five miles from the City of New York. The ne- cessary capital will be advanced, (on good security) if required. Apply at the New England Farmer office. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranlcd, for sale at Copr/miifs Amimmition Sloie, 65 Broad si, at retail. A's» SHOT, CAPS, &c. of theics(jjia;:V!/—cbeDp for cash. If 288 NEW ENGIAND I AIi:>iEIl. Mar. 20, 1830. M I S C B L L A IV I E S. THK TWO RIVALS. The TO)e is Icrincil ihc quoen of f1owci4, Since fiT»\ it bluoiiicd in Eden's bower:< ; Nor ca4t, nor west have this denied. That it should bloom the garden's pride. We liml ibi rich resplendent glow, In azure heiivcn's ethereal bow ; It gilds the western twilight's gleam, And blushes in Aurora's beam. Yet by its side, in beauty's grace, The ttly cUims an equal place ; Mcthinks, within its snow while bell, Simplicity delights to dwell ; The mansion is so sweet and lair. That innocence inhabits there : It surely was the sweetest flower. That breathed its l>.ilm in Kdcn's bower, No wonder that it flourished fair — No cause was known far blushing there. AXIOMS. All liuinnii linppinos.s, wlietlicr|iiiblic or private, domestic or national, arc fouiided on individual cultivation. Kiiowledjje is pleasure ns vvoU as power; and of any two individuals in .society, whether rich or poor, the more liigldy cultivated, other circum- stances being the same, will possess the greater Bliare of happiness, and will be the more valuable member of society. Kvery good principle in society, to do good effectually and generally, ought to be effectually an0. At the time of hisar- rival, the business was very limited, and there were but three men wlio employed journeymen. All the shooimikers went to him fur information ; and he was called ' the celebrated shoemaker of Essex. The greatest earthquake ever known in New England, ha|)pened November IS, 1755, at 13 minutes after four in the morning. It continued about four minutes. Walls and chinmeys were thrown down, and clocks stopped. On the same day Lisbon was dcstroyeil. On the following Saturday there was another earthquake. On the evening of Jidy 19, 1769, a lica-.::'..''ul night arch appeared. It was widest in the zc'.i'.th anil terminated in a point at each horizon. The color was a brilliant white. There was a slave at Lynn, called Ponipey, who obtained his freedom about the year 1750. — He had been a king in Africa, and as such he was regarded by his people in this country. Every year during his life, the slaves, not only of Lynn, but of Boston, Salem, and the neigldioring towns, obtained leave of their masters, for one day, to visit King Pompey. Stump Orators. — There is much originality and quaintness of expression in the ' wild-cat-and- whiskey' speeches of these ' half-horse half-ali- gator' Ciceros of tlie Western regions. We might wade in vain through the solid columns of intermin- able harangues and messages with which the newspaper press about these days groans, for as much of the geimine home-made as is contained in the following extract from the stnmp-speech of a candiilate for the Legislature of one of the Western States — ' Born,' said he, ' in a cane-brake, cra!nod. uttw.tNhed, Mel '.no, liiree liiurilis u asked, 1 Merino, hall blond, - - ; Merino, quar'.er washed, Nai've, u ashed, - - - , I'nllcd, Laiiib's, first sort, - • I'ulied, Lamb's, s»*cond sr.rl, I'ullcd, " spinuiug, first sort,! PROVISION MAUKET. conr.ECTEii r.VKPV wkkk Br iiit iiiiv ( Cir.-t of FaiifuilliaU ilarkel.) HEEF, best pieces, . . - I'ORK, rre>h, best piccci, wliole Imgs, VEAL. - - . - - .MU'ITON, .... rori.TUY. .... l!UTTER,kegandliib, . Lunir.,besl, EGGS, MEAL, Itve. retail. - Indian, reiai), I'OTATOS, <;iL»ER, [according to quRliiy.] rnoa I to I 1 75' 2 S( 130 00 13.1 14 \\V^ OOIoO 9 Ij I J i 9 IS 9 a 7 75 6 75 to I 6 4 75 :, 6 25 i 3 Ci .. 75i : 7 OOl 8 0 4 0 ro 17 C K 4 4o|^ 1 cl pound S 7 5 << «' 5 " 4 " 6 11 i: !■ M dozen . u Iiushcl. « ss barrel. 2 no )k. Seeds far Countri/ Dealers. Traders in the country who may wish to keep an assoi mcnt of nardeii Seed'; for sale, arc informed they can furnisbeil, at J. B. Russfll's Seed Store, connect- with the New England Farmer, 52, North M.irket--tre« Boston, with boxes of various sizes and prices, from 10 :950, containing a coMPi.eTK assortme.nt of the see mostly U'led in a kitchen gaiden, on as favorable terms : they can be procured in this country, of equal qualH neatly done up in small packages, readv for retailing, )rr short directions on each package for its culluie ■•• manaeemcnt — warranted to be of the growth of 1*. and of the purest quality. tf Feb I ' Published r\vT\ Fri.lny.nl S-"* per annum, pnynble to end of ihe year— but those who pay » iiliin sijiy iliiys frcii. lime of subscribinc. are enliiled lo ii deduriiou cil fiby coins Jj" Nopnper will be scnlio a distance wiihnul pnymrri ing nnde in ner»y.«lreel. Phi!:lltrlphi,i-\t \ (' l.»M>RrTH. fl5Chrslnut.Jlrret. H'illimr>it—C<. II. Smith. Ollice of ihe Anieiican Farmer /)'*>in«— Htm Ji-'» Ili'H. Fluihinz.S J. \\>t I'iii»ck4:So! //u/fA'r<'-ti<'01.«l« 4 Sons. Hxli/a.T. N. S— P. J. Il«i I.AM). Fiq. Becordci Office. Montrral, L. C — A. Uuninnu, Bookseller. Published by Joh.n U. Russell, at J^d. 52 JVorih Market Street, (at the Agricultural IVarchoiise).— Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. VOL. YIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 2, 1830. No. 37. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. N. H. A. S. Dearborn, Pres. Mass. Hort. Society. Oear Sir — I herewith forward a few observations on hards, &c. They are at your service to dispose of as may deem proper. With great respect. Your most obedient Sevant, WILLIAM KENRICK. Vewton, Fel>. 22rf, 1830. tSERVATIONS ON ORCHARDS OF THE APPLE TREE. EIR MANAGEMENT &c. NOTES ON FOUN- TAINS. SIZE AND AGE FOR TRANSPLANTING. \u apple-tree, when finally transplanted to the lanl, ought to he at least 6 or 7 feet in height, I branches in proiiortion, and full two years from the bud, and thrifty. Apple trees under size belong proper only tothe nursery. In ing them up, |)articular care should be taken xtract, if possible, their roots entire. SOIL AND SITUATION. i rich soil, rather moist than dry, is that adapt- to the apple tree ; but what is usually termed eep pan soil, is always to be preferred. )n such a soil, whether on the plains, in the ey, or on the sides and summits of the great ), which are almost always found to consist of land, and even in situations the most exposed, apple tree will flourish. )ne of the most productive apple orchards in immediate vicinity, is situated on the North Northwest sides of a hill the most exposed to I winds. This orchard was set by the lat» lothy Jackson, Esq., and though not of any very It extent, and though not yet perhaps in its le, it produces annu.illy about 400 barrels of lable fruit. he soil of great hills is generally of a far su- or quality to that of the plains, and it is a very akcn opinion which seems adopted by many, the soil of all hills must of necessity be dry deficient in moisture. It is the plains and lis that are iuu too generally thus deficient ; — the great hills, which are almost always found mding in f,7.rings. 'his erroneous conclusion ha.s been inferred I the supposition that the subterraneous reser- whicli supply those numerous springs which from the sides of most great hills, (and which be supposed of necessity, to be more eleva- han the springs themselves,) receive their sup- wholly from the rains and dews which fall eir sides and summits. liese causes however seem totally insuflicient count for this phenomenon ; for much of the which falls on the hills glides off, seldom pen- more than a few inches. But the sudden of our springs and fountains of every descrip- and of every situation late in autumn, and h always indicates that winter is nigh, even ur very doors, should convince us that the alone which fall, are not the primary cause : r they rise invariably at their ajjpointed tim?, lly with or without their intervention, has been observed, that on the destruction of brests, many of the springs disappear. Fo- rests undoubtedly, by their shade, have a tendency to keep the soil cool, and consequently prevent the evaporation of its moisture. It has therefore been supposed by some, that the forests which crown the summits of many of our high hills and mountains, have the effect of absorbing by means of their leaves, moisture from the atmosphere, which is thence conveyed through their trunks and roots to the earth, to replenisirthe fountains. They instance in proof of this, the clouds, so frequently seen hovering over those high hills and mountains as though attracted by them. The truth however may be, perhaps, only the more distinctly perceived by renouncing such the- ories altogether, and by attributing this phenome- non to no other cause than evaporation. The leaves of trees, if it be admitted that they .sometimes may inhale, have nevertheless the property of exhaling moisture very copiously : and as to those clouds so often seen hovering over the tops of mountains, as they are ever considered the precursors of falling weather, they are no doubt caused by that copious evaporation which always precedes rain. Whence comes it to pass however, that, as by a law of nature, the springs, the fountains, on the jdains, in the valley, and even on the hills and mountains, invariably rise on the immediate approach of winter, and this too, independent of the adventitious circumstance of rain ? Does all this happen without a cause? Yet it is very evi- dent that the rains alone, are not the cause ? A very late writer* has contended that the springs which flow from the sides of hills, and beneath the surface in wells, have their sources not in the rains and dews, for these causes alone are deemed insuflicient ; but from the condensa- tion of vapor exhaled beneath the surface of the earth. But such a theory is only admissible by suppo- sing an increased degree of heat in the lower re- gions of the earth. Accordingly it will be found on examination, that most of those writers who have treated on the subject of the earth, have asserted, that from the actual examinations which have taken place, in different countries, it has been found, that after penetrating the earth beyond a limited extent, the temperature begins to increase ; and continues in- creasing, as you proceed downward. As this fact is asserted by the most authentic writers, and has never to my knowledge, been contradicted, but generally admitted, we may presume it can- not now be disputed. From these premises it might be inferred, that on the immediate approach of winter, the exterior and increased cold, by condensing the vapors of the earth exhaled internally, causes the fountains to rise even to the summits of our highest hills and mountains. Other auxiliary or independent causes might indeed be assigned. The increased degree of cold on the earth's surface late in the autumnal season, has no doubt a powerful effect in conden- sing those vapors of the atmosphere which are exhaled during the daytime from the resources *Mr Long. and more equal temperature of the low grounds and waters. I will not however advance further on this sub- ject ; I leave it for those more dispo.sed to pursue, and better qualified. DISTANCES, &C. Though the distance to which apple trees shouhl be finally set when transplanted to the 'orchard, has been staled definitively by diflerent writers, yet a little reflection will convince us that no defi- nite rule can be given on this subject applicable to all cases. The distance depends wholly on the uatbire of the soil and the cultivation to be subsequently given. If the .soil is by nature extremely rich and fertile, 40 feet distance may be allowed, and even 45 and 50 feet in some very extraordinary situations ; for ere the trees become old, the ground may be completely covered with their shade. If, however, the soil is not very extraordinary, either by nature, or so rendered by art, the distance would bejfar too great ; for the trees would become old and their growth finished, ere the ground could be covered by tlieir shadow ; — 30 feet only may therefore be allowed in hind usually termed of good qiiality ; and about 20 to 25 in land of mid- dling quality. The size to which an apple tree may attain, and the ground which should be allotfcd to it, depends also, in some measure, on the particular variety of apple trees, some sorts being well known to attain to size much greater than others. These observations are made to shew the inu- tility of extending an orchard over a larger amount of surface for the number of trees, than is abso- lutely necessary ; — over ,1 larger extent, than from the nature of the soil, they would be ever lik«ly completely to occupy. That the apple tree is not a very long lived tree, is sufiiciently evident from the jierishable na- ture of its timber. Those species of trees only, will continue living and growing for numerous centuries, whose timber may be preserved incor- ruptible during the lapse of a long succession of ages. HANAGEMENT. If the j;ronnd intended for the orchard cannot conveniently be wholly kept in a state of cultiva- tion during the first years, which would be much the best mode, a part at least ought to be. A strip of land to each row of 8 or 10 feet in width, well manured, may be kept cultivated with the horse plough ; and even the vegetables which may here be raised, will amply repay all the ex- pense and labor bestowed during the 4 or 5 first years. After this, if the trees have grown well, as they undoubtedly must have done, cultivation at a distance in the intervals, becomes even more importantthan within the limited distance of a very few feet Irom the trunk of the tree. For on strict examination it will be found that the small fibres or feeders of the roots, by which alone the tree derives all the nourishment it receives from the earth, are now remote from the trunk of the tree ; they are now to be found seeking pas ture beyond the limits of its shade, and it now becomes necessary that the whole ground 290 FNEW ENGLAND FAKIMEK, April 2, ls;U1. niioiild be kept in liigli cultivalion fur the 4 or 5 ibiluwiug years ; after this period it ciiiiy be occa- sionally in grass, wliicli however should he broken ii|i uflcr irui)ing or heading,l)y giving to the tree a too sudden shock iluriug the season of its most rapid growth, has the effect of throwing the tree into a sort of j)aralysis, which, if it do not kill the tree outright, (a circumstance not uncom- mon,) at least sto;)s its growth for that season. I noticed this more particularly in a very large liirifiy tree of a variety of the Spitzenburg. This tree 1 cwised to be headed down in about fifty diflcrent brancho.*, with a view of changing the kind, and the operation was performed about the last of June. The conse poses ' to trade' with C who has a horse cstiiiia ted at 80 dollars. They agree ' to leave out' t J{ and D, and after a fi>rmal consultation llie ' brine in,' that C must pay to A as 'boot' 1 dollars. C 'stands' to- the verdict; A 'fall back.' Then C offers .-V 15 dollars ; but A re imported it from England in the year 1802; the j fuses that sum. E having been generously tret tree is of a strong, vigorous growth; the fruit is , ted, and seeing the whole transaction, and n< remarkable for its beauty and size ; the .\nierican ; suspecting fraiiil, supposes the horses to be wort climate must, therefore, be better adapted to it, j ubcui 100 dollars, cs|.'ecially as A has refiist than that of Europe, as there is no cherry in our ' to trade' for fifteen. Finally E becomes willin market that commands so good a jirice, and I to leave out to B and C, and they decide wit have no cherry in my collection so much admired, some gravity, that E must give 20 dollars and 5 It is also a good bearer when the tree has attain- cents, astonishing precision 1 E su[q)osing fro ed to a tolerable size, I can only account for its be- what he has seen, that he is about to make a got ing called in Europe on indifferent hearer by the 'trade,' abides by the report. A after some lie practice pursued there of training cherry trees, as ilaiion abides also, and the ' trade' is complete es[ialicrs, which, from the vigor of its growth, I Should E after he finds liimself duped ai the Yellow Spanish does not admit of asjit can — cheated, pursue A by the law, his cause is ahiio not well be confined and forced into short spurs hopeless ; for A will have the whole club at I and branches as the May Duke and other cherries, | command to assist him as witnessfs. but throws out strong branches and forms a large | The above facts are drawn principally, from tl spreading head of a globular form. I am yours respectfully, Linniran Botanic Garden, } WM. PRINCE. Ftushivg, March 23, 1830. | BEWARE OF JOCKEY CLUBS. JMr Fessendek — .\s your paper has become a great repository of useful knowledge ; as you have published many i)ieccs on the management of that useful animal, the horse ; and as this is a day of spreading information before the public ; I thought that it might be of service to the community to expose the nefarious practice of a club that infests society, and lives upon rapine and fraud. This club is composed of difterent grades, per- haps the greatest part gamblers. A few have some proi)erty, and appear by their exterior ap- pearance to be fair men ; the greatest part, bow- ever, are not men of property and reputation. As a body, mio and iiulivisible, they are cunning, crafty, plausible, designing, and act upon no moral principle. Their object is to deceive and defraud the unwary and unsuspecting ; and no matter how, or in what way, their object is effected. To a stranger, they often appear not to know each other ; especially when they have an object in view ; and to manage, by shifting horses for the present (jur- pose, tlia» the real owner of the horse is the judge of the difference between his horse, and the horse of the ])erson whom he intends to defraud. The club have their signs and words known lunoiig themselves. There is great ilecnption in horses. Many of their diseases are hidden. They are so prepared (to use their own language) ' for trade,' that the deception is net always discovered until the animal is put to labor. To illustrate a very common fraud or nuide of operation, we will make a statement, which is va- ried as occasion requires. A, II, C, and I) aro of the club, and each has one or two horses at his command. E is an iinsuspecling man, probably knows nothing cd'the characters About him. Ho has a horse worth (iO dollars, anil at first has no great disposiiion ' to trade.' A has a horse i which in feci belongs to B worth but very little,' IS'io, Dec testimony of w ituesses called to give true cviden in a legal way. We shall close this paper with stating a ca: which may answer for many. An industrio young man, well known to the writer, purchas u small horse, worth, say 35 dollars. He had ilisposition to try his fortune ' at trade,' and ) this purpose went to Jockey Lane, a well knoi and long established place for the business, this state. Our equestrian was credulous, unsi peeling, and not a good judge of the artic There he made several ' trades,' hoping evi time to better his circumstances. The busini Went on rapidly — ' trade' after ' trade.' Hn over, he returned home with the same pony w which he left it, having only paid in 'boot' dollars I .\ fine day's work lor a farmer. BEWARE or JOCKEY IME! March 10, 1830. FOR THE NEW LXGLANI) KARMER. Mr F'essenden — Should you think the follcP ing of any use, you may insert the same in ' columns of the Farmer. The Tliorniometer been kept in one place, in the slK.^b•, the no side of mv house, during the winter monihs. .1/nii,^/;fW, .Varc/i 16, 1830. R. GREEN ^ The colilest day in every vear, from Janu 1S23, to March 15, 1830. 1823, Maicl 1 1, .""unrise 7-^ below /< 1821, Feb. o. ^' • 1625, Dec. 13, 4i^^ • 182ti, Feb. 1, lOJ^^ • 1827, Jan. 21. SO ■ 1828, J.in. 22, 1° nUne 1829, l\b. 5, 6JO below 1830, Feb. feet from fever, (the forerunner of thrash, &c,) and giving to the coat a sleek and polished ajipearance. For the information of those who maybe unac- quainted with the proper manner of cultivating them, I give you the mode pursued in England, in the hope that some of your subscribers may be benefited thereby. The ground should be deeply ploughed in the fall of the year. In the spring it should be thrown into ridges, about two feet si.x inches ai)art — ma- nure is to be spread in the furrows — which fiir- rovvs are then to be thrown back, leaving the ridg- es the same distance apart as before. A small furrow is to be made on the top of the ridges, by means ol a stick or hoc — the seed sjirinkled in the furrows, after which a light roller is to be passed over the ground. When the plant is about two inches high, the ground shnidd be hoe-ploughed, and the carrots singled out about three or four inches apart. — While growing they should be kept clean from weeds by means of a hoe or hoe-plough. In No- vember they may be ploughed up, by first running the plough close to the plant, and then ploughing them out. No other care is necessary to preserve them through the winter, than to secure them from the frost. Brighton Market — Monday, March 29. (Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot ) At market this day, 414 Beef Cattle, 60 Stores, 50 Sheep, divided as follows: Old Market, 170 beef cattle, 19 stores, 50 sheep. New Market, 242 beef cattle, 49 stores. Unsold at the close of the market, 84 beef cattle, and neariy all the stores. Prices did not equal the last market day by nearly 2.5 cents the hundred. Swi:ie, none. In the income of Bucks County, Penn. as no- ticed in the Treasurer's Annual rejiort, are $22.- 22i cents received from swearers and Sabbath breakers. 292 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Ajtril 2, 1830 LIBRARV OF CSEFITL. KNOVVt^KDCE. [ C*tiliaii«< frm paf SM.) CHAPTER IV. TUK 1)11 TKRENT BRKEDS OF ENGLISH HORSES. llEWr DRAUGHT lIOBStS. The CIcavciand horses have hceii known to carnj nioro than seven hundred pounds sixty miles in twcntyfoiir Lours, und to perform tliis journey four times in a week ; and mill horees liavc carried nine lumdred and ten pounds two or three miles. Horses for slower draught, and sometimes even for the carriage, .-ire produced from the Suffolk Pc.NCH, so called from his round piuichy make, and descended from the Norman staHion and the Suffolk cart mare. The true Sulfulk, like the Cleaveland, is now nearly extinct. It stood from lifteen to -sixteen hands hi^'h, of n sorrel color ; v.'as large headed ; low shouldered ; and thick on the top : deep and round chested ; lori',' hacked; high in the croup ; large and strong in the quar- ters ; full in the flanks ; round in the legs ; and short in the pasterns. It was the very horse to throw his whole weight into the collar, with suf- ficient activity to do it effectually, and hardihood to stand a long day's work. The present hreed po.ssesses many of the jjccu- liarities and good qualities of its ancestors. It is more or less inclined to a sorrel colour ; it is a taller horse; higher and finer in the shoulders; .'ind is a cross with the Yorkshire half or three fourths bred. The excellence, and a rare one, of the old Suf- folk (the new breed has not quite lost it) consisted in niinbleness of .nclion, and the honesty and con- tinuance with which ho would exert himself at a dead pull. Many a good draught horse knows well -what he can effect ; an.l, after ho has at- iLvnpted it and failed, no torture of the whip will indiici; him to strain his powers beyond their nat- ural extent. The Suffolk, however, would tug at a dead pull until he dropped. It was beautiful to see a team of true Sutlblki, at a signal from the driver, and without the whip, down on their knees in a moment, and drag every thing before them. IJrutal wagers were froc|uently laid as to their power in this re.opect, and many a good team was injured aii^ art of the farmer is, to find out what will best sui his soil, and tho produce of it. -V dray-liorse should have a broad breast, aui thick and upright shoulders, (the more upright th collar stands on him the belter ;j a low furehant deep and round barrel, loins broad and high, am pie <|uarters, thick fore-arms and thighs, shoi legs, round hoofs, broad at the heels, and soles nc too llal. The great fault of the large dray-horsi t, is, his slowness. This is so much in the breec that even the discipline of the ploughman, wh would be better pleased to get through an ad! tional rood in the day, cannot permanently quici; en him. Surely the breeder might obviate thl:! Let a dray-mare he selected, as perfect as can b obtained. Let her be put to the strongest, larg esl, most com|)act, thorough-bred horse. If th jiroduce be a filly, let her be covered by a su|>e rior dray-horse, and the result of this cross, if coll, will be precisely the animal required to bre» ^ from. The largest of this heavy breed of black horse , arc used as dray-horses. The next in size are sol as wagon-horses, and a smaller variety, and witi more blood, constitutes a considerable part of oj cavalry, and is likewise devoted to undertaker work. All our heavy draught horses, and some eve< v of the lighter kind, have been lately much crosse by the Elanders breed, and with evident improvi ment. Little has been lost in depth and hulk < carcases ; but the fore-hand has been raised, tin legs have been flattened and deeiicned, and ver much has been gained in activity. The slo* heavy black, with his two miles and a half a hour, has been changed into a lighter, but yet ot ceedingly powerful horse, who will sicp four inil- in the same time, with perfect ease, und has rm siderably more endurance. THE DRAY IIORSE. The drny-horsc is the Suffolk crossed, with •' Flanders. This is the very system, as wc shall prescnti describe, which has been adopted with such siicl cess in the blood-horse, and has made the Encliall racer and hunter, and the English horse general^ what it is. As the racer is principally or pur of Eastern origin, so has the English druui horse sprung chiefly from Flemish blood, and] that blood the ngriculturalist has recourse for i perfection of the breed. For the dray, the s]'- wagon, and not too heavy loads, and for rua work generally, a cross with the Flanders will U advanlagcous ; but if in London, the cnormou.' heavy horse must be used in the coal-«ai;oi' or the heavier load of tho wharf, we must li-.n our midland black, with all his unwieldly Imi untouched. .\s an ordinary beast of lighter draught, ^i: particularly in the neighborhood of London, li worn out liackncy and the rsfuse of the con. : and even of the hackney-coach is used. In il tf:'" Vol. VIII.— No. ST- AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 293 nmikets of St James an 1 Whitecliapel are tiniially seen wretcheJ teams, wliicli would frace the poorest districts of the poorest coun- Tho small farmer in the vicinity of the me- lolis, himself strangely inferior to the small ner elsewhere, has too easy access to Smith- J, that sink of cruelty. They who are unac- nted with this part of the country, would rccly think it possible, that on the forests and imons within a few miles of London, as many ged, wild, mangled horses are to be found,, as ny district of the United Kingdom, and a good se is scarcely by any chance bred there. ITiy be continued next week.] HORTICULTURE, VISING LILIES FRO.M SEED— AND GRAFTING ROSES. rla Fessende.n — I inclose scverd extracts on mode of raising lilies from the seed, and on int experiments of grafting roses, and other bs, in a variety of methods, which appear to ess advantages, in many respects, over those tlly practised. In Euro|)e the sweet briar is 'ersally employed, as the stock for nniltiplying ce kinds of roses. They are collected in the ds and hedges for this purpose, and cultiva- fbr one or two years in the nursery, to render a viaroroiis and of the proper size, before the are iuscited upon them. As they are abun- t iu our ]).n!;':r;.g and on the roadsides, in all s of the c>juntry, there is no difficulty in ob- liem in any quantity. Among the culti- d garden roses, I have found none so pro- ill suckers, or which so rapidly attain the , proper for stalks, as the Blush Rose ; it ws out suckers at a great distance, and is ly taken up, without disturbing, or injuring the 1 plant. This species is worthy of cultivation, re it is desirable to propagate a variety of ro- by budding. Ithough the Kew-Graft appears to be best cal- led to insure success in the green house, ngthe various shrubs which are most ilifficult s multiplied in the common mode ; still it can sed with advantage, on many fruit, f ircst and mental trees, and plants which are cultivated le open air. Most respectfully. Your obedient servant, linlei/ Place, > H. A. S. DEARBORN. ch 24, 1830. I EXTRACT NO. XI. Prom the Annales D'Horticulture. ode of obtaining fruitful seeds of the White by M. Du Petit Thours. esner states, in one of his letters, that in order Main the perfect seed of the common Lily ; jnecessary to cut the stalk of this plant as I as the flowers have passed, and to suspend the ceiling of a chamber. This experiment ucceeded in Paris, especially when the stock pended in a cellar. It is suprising that the g seeds perish and fall, a few days after the rs, if the stock is left on the root of the isTournefort who thus describes this process Is Elements of Botany, in 1694 ; he repeated lecret, but more briefly in his Institutions of is in one of the letters, which Conrad Ges- ner wrote to his friend Adolphus Otton, a physi- cian, dated Zurich, 1554, that he thus describes this secret. 'I have in my garden the Gladiolus indicus, which produces flowers resembling your Canne de'Inde, {Can?ia indica,) having like that, saffron colored flowers, similar to those of tho lily ; but they fall without leaving any seed. If I live another year, I will cut oft" the stalk, and suspend it ; it is thus that our white hly ])roduces seed ; it is the same with the saffron colored lily of the moun- tains (Lilium bolbifcrum,) Bulb-bearing or Orange- lily, as I have proved this year.' It does not appear, that since these two authors have made known this simple process, it has been very often put in |)ractice ; but one fact proves that some cultivators have been enabled to obtain seed ; for there are varieties of the lily, which have been known, for a long time, such as those with double flowers and variegated leaves ; and all our acquired knowledge, at this time, demon- strates, that they cannot be obtained in any other manner, than from the seeds. I have not followed the example of Gesner by extending this process to any other plants, than the white lily, and do not know any other perso?i who has attempted it, except M. Kielmeyer, who, in a discourse upon the formation of fruit, pro- nounced in 1S06, says, that 'having made this ex- periment upon the Aletris capensis, he succeeded, and that he obtained a plant resembling the Or- cliidea?.' In gardening, the Gladiolus com|)rises jdants of the tuberous rooted flovvery, perennial kind ; of which the species mostly cultivated are the common Sword-Lily, or Corn-Flag, the Imbrica- ted flowered Glodiole, the square-stalked, the nar- row-leaved, and superb scarlet Gladiole (G. Car- dinolis.) The Crown Imperial, — Fraltllaria impcrialis, and numerous other species of the extensive lil- iaceous family may possibly be subjected to this process, and many more varieties of splendid plants obtained from the seed. EXTRACT NO. XII. jVeio modes of grafting Jtoses ; by M. Millet. Since amateurs as well as gardeners, have re- sorted to raising Roses from the seed, innumerable varieties have been obtained and they are daily in- creasing ; but impatient to enjoy them, horticul- ture seeks every possible means to accelerate their floration. Although some rose-bushes flower the first year they have been sown, it is not less true, that it is only in the second or third year that it can be expected beautiful flowers will be produ- ced. To accomplish this, budding is conmionly re- sorted to ; but then it is neeessnry for an eye to be developed. In the two kinds of grafting which we intend to indicate, it is to be remarked, that it is not necessa- ry to await the developcment of a bud, and that preferring the young shoots, almost lierbactous, to the ligneous, we can graft as soon as the sap flows in the stocks, of older rose bushes. First — The graft of a shoot. To succeed in this graft, a recent shoot is se- lected, which is yet a little herbaceous, on which there are four or five leaves, whicl> are taken off the petiole or stem ; the extremity of the shoot is al- so cut off, so as to leave only two or three petioles. The lower end is cut obliquely from opposite the tirst petiole, as in forming a scion for whip graft- ing ; this shoot is then inserted in an incision of the bark made in the form of a T, as in comi.-ion budding and secured by a bandage of yarn on the shred of bass matting. To make this graft shoot more vigorously, it is necessary to cot oft" the stalk, six or seven inches above the scion. Second — Pitt Graft. This second graft, which has some resendilence to common budding, consists in taking oft' an es- cutcheon from a shoot which is still herbaceous, which it is inserted on the stock in the ordinary mode of budding, but without removing from it the little wood which may adhere to the bark, or rather the large (piantity of pith, of which the escutcheon almost entirely consists ; it is seemed by a bandage as above described. These two modes of grafting always succerded when the stocks arc perfectly in sap. From the first, branches a year old are preferred, on which to insert the grafts, but the graft and escutcheon are taken from branches almost herbaceous. Both of these modes have this advantage ; they can be practised for six or seven months in the year, without waiting until the buds are developed. The pith and sap which remain in these grafts and escutcheons, arc, with the cambium, which aids in uniting them to the stock, sufficient to jiroduce this eft"ect, and it is quite common to see roses blown, within a month or two after the operation of the first named graft. EXTRACT NO. XIII. From the Annales D'Horticulture. Description of the Kew-Graft, invented by Mr Blaikie, a horticultural architect equally well known in France as in England, by M. Oscar Le- clerc. In green holises, for delicate plants, of a con- stant vegetation, particularly those having hard wood, thisgraft, generally, produces results, which it would be often more difficidt to obtain in any other manner. Cut from the tree, which it is desirable to mul- tiply, a scion, of a diameter equal to that upon which it is intended to engraft it. After having made oblique lateral incisions in each, of a cor- responding extent, the oiic on the slock down- wards and the other on the scion upwards, towards the centre of each, a prolonged weilge is formed of each tongue thus produced, by cutting off the exterior scion bark ; then insert the tongue of each into the incision formed for producing them, tak- ing care to unite the parts, as exactly as possible. This being done and the bandage applied, the lower end of the scion is immersed, for some inch- es, in a vessel of water. Some times the head of the stock is cut off; but a shoot should be left below the cut, to draw up the sap ; at other times the top of the stock is left on until the graft has united to it. When the operation has been per- formed, on a small and delicate plant, it should be covered with a bell glass to prevent a too rapid evaporation ; but the interior air should be frequent- ly renewed, otherwise it will become too htimid. M. Thoruenel has modified this process and employed it with success on plants in the ojien air. Instead of placing a vessel of water, to re- ceive the lower end of the scion, he inserts it near the earth, and the end is buried 4, 6, orl 8 inches ; and often instead of one ])Iant, he ob- tains two, as the end in the ground throws out roots and may be separated, when the wound of 294 NEW ENGLAND FAUiMER, Aprils, 1930 ilie )iraCi is liealcd. This cflect is soriictimea ]iro- liiccit in the vessel of wafer, but rarely. Jlf the Mock ; a, tongue. £, Scion ; b, tongue. C, the Scion and Stock united. P, Vessel of wiler, with the end of the scion in it. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FllIDAY, APRIL 2, 1830. CAUSES, CONSE({UEKCES AND COKE OF PAUPERISM. Concluded from page 28C. In our last we adverted to some of the more cotniiioii causes of extreme poverty ; and now propose to iiiaiie a few remarks on its coiiseqiicii- ceB. The philosophers of antiquity, especially those ofwimt was called the Stoic School, pre- tended to believe that poverty as well as pain, was no evil ; and Diogenes in his tub, was as proud of his pequry, as Plato was of his philosophy, or .Mcxander of his victories. But the truth is, as stated by Count Rumford in one of his Essays, ' That degree of poverty which involves in it the inability to procure the necessaries of life without the charitable assistance of the public, is, doubt- less, the heaviest of all misfortunes ; as it uot only brings along with it the greatest physical evils, pain and disease, but is attended by the most irioriifyiiig humiliation, and hopeless despoijilency. It is, moreover, too often an incurable evil ; and is rather irritated than alleviated, by the remedies coiniiiotdy applied to remove it. Tlie only alle- viation of whicli it IS capable, must be derived from the kind and soothing attentions of tho truly be- nevolent This is the oidy balm which can miti- gate the nnguish of a wounded heart, or allay the agitations of a mind irritatcil by disappointment, and rendereil ferocious by despair. 'There is scarcely a greater plague that con in- fect society, than swarm.H of beggars; and even in coimtrics where the ^loor do not make a prac- tice of begging, a knowledge of their suflerings must bo painful to every benevolent mind ; anri there is no person I would liope so callous lo the feelings of humanity, as tiot to rejoice most sin- cerely when efli.'ctual relii;f ia nffordeil. ''I'hosc who now extort liirir subsistence by begging ami stealing, arc Id Cn-t alrnady main- tained by tho public. But this is not all : they ore maintained in a manner the most cxjicnsivc and troublesome to tliemNclvua uiul the public, that can be conceived ; and that may be saiil of all the jioor in general.' We will no«v speak of the remedies or uallia- tives for the evils which nlllict the indigent. Em- ployment is the great antidote to poverty as well as vice. It it is a wise saying, the substance of which has been imputed to one of the Emperors of China, that 'every human being capable of la- bor, mental or copon-al, whether rich or poor, ought to work ; for if an individual is idle, that person or some other must sufter want.' And it has been comfiuted by political economists, that if every human being, capable of labor was to pursue some useful manual occupation four hours in every twentyfoiir, the product of such labor would be sufficient for the comfortable support of the whole human race ; and the remaining twenty hours might bo devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, rest, amusement, or the cultivation of those arts and .sciences, which, being rather orna- mental than useful, may be styled the decorations of man's sublunary existence. Even those, whose circumstances place them above the necessity of manual occupation, or whose business it is to em- ploy their heads rather than their hands, cannot enjoy health without exercise ; and if they were to devote, suppose two hours every day, lo some profitable handiwork, the avails of which should be set apart to relieve the necessities of the needy, they would at once benefit themselves, and enjoy the consciousness of having promoted tho ■.velfare of their fellow creatures. With all the care and precaution, however, which can bo reasonably anticipated, or perhaps, will ever be realized, in the most improved state of society, cases of pauperism and consequent suf- fering will occur, which, not to relieve if in our power, would be cruelty, scarcely inferior to that of inflicting the sufferings we refuse to alleviate. But tho mode of relief is a subject of dispute. Some contend that the town, parish, or other cor- porate body to which paupers belong, or in which they have legal settlements, slioulil be taxed for their support. Others say that the poor ought to be maintained by voluntary contrib\itions and private bounty. Much has been, and much may be saiil on both sides of this question. My oj)in- ion is, that a sure, and [jcrmanent relief, should, in all cases be made for tho.se, who are truly ne- cessitous. If misconduct has been the cause of a pauper's misfortunes, ho is scarcely the less to be pitied; for he has remorse and self-reproach to add to the weight of his calamities. Every man who has a right to live, has consequently a right to all that is necessary to the comfortable support of life. Besides, if the victim of penury has nothing to depend on for the pittance neces- sary to support life, but private and casual charity, his sufferings will be enhanced by the conscious- ness of the prccariou.s tenure of the means of his scanty subsistence. ,\nd indeed he may actually freeze or starve before the hand of relief is ex- tended ; cither bcrausc the charitably disposed are ignorant of his claims, or may third< him not wor- thy of their bounty. And this mode of proceeding throws the whole burthen of supporting the poor, not on those who |)osscss the mo.st properly, but the most charity : two very di.stinct classes in most commiinilies. On the other hand it is urged that if indolent and improvident people know that tho town must supporl them in case of their coming to want, they will rrlnx their rtlorls lo obtain n livelibooil, and be less industrious und less economical than if Irl they had no hope of such o staff to lean on perhaps, this, as well as all other objections to I certain, permanent provision for paui>ers, may obviated by depriving establishments for suppc j iiig the jmor.'of every attraction which can rciK it a desirable object for the indolent and dissipa to he placeil in poor-houses. If every alms-hoi is likewise a farm-house, or at least a House i Industry, where those who can work, and w> work, shall be made to work ? spendthrifts, < solute and lazy persons, and others, who willin travel on the road to ruin, with a hope to piitu) a poor-house at the end of their journey, may induced to change their courses. They will i nrally say to themselves, ' Why after all, a pi ii a poor-house is not the best possible place der government, especially if we must work 1 heavers for a bare living, without grog or tobai If we must work, we may as well work for c selves, and enjoy the fruits of our labors, as bcc( I he slaves of L'ncle Sam, or brother JonatI without a chance to lay up anything again wet day.' In short, let every poor-house l)ecc a work-shop, as well as an asylum for honest, unfortunate industry; and none but those \ merit its privilege will solicit them ; and the p pect of its advantages will never be an encour; mcnt to idleness and extravagance. The first volume of Count Rumford's Es.- turnishes more useful hints and precepts on subject of our discussion, than any and all books we have ever seen. lie remarks thai poor person, who lives i ; poverty and misery, merely from hand to mouth, lin'-- not the powe availing himself of any of tho- ; economical rangemcnts in procuring th.- ii.cessaries of which others, in more affluent circumstances, ^ employ; and which may be employed with p liar advantage in a public establishment. Ad to this, the greater part of the poor, as )^ those who make a profession of begging, asot who do not, might be usefully employed in vai nji kinds of labor; and supposing them, one another, to be capable of earning one half as t as is necessary to their subsistence, this w reduce the present expense to the public for ; maintenance at least one half; and this might be reduced still much lower by a prope tention to order and economy in providing their subsistence.' At the celebrated establishment in Munich, der the Count's auspices, the poor were supported by the products of their labors in t ning hemp, iiax, wool, iScc. But there were s rl: difficulties inherent to this mode of proccec It was necessary first, to procure tools, inacb: ami raw materials ; make mechanics of awk\ and shiftless vagrants, and then to dispose of manufactured articles. Rut since that time, chinery driven by steam and water power, • Imost superseded and supplanted nil sorts of s ning, weaving, &:c, where the original impi are not given by tho.~o mighty laborers, steam waler-falls. But we have not yet learned to \ a hoc or a spade by steam ; nor to set n watci to gather ami house our potatoes. Besides, n of the mani|)ulations of tanning and garde may be peilormeil by any hale liody, with practice, and le.-s instriictiuii. Tho head « or Rciontitic part of the busines.i, depends getbcr on tho overseer. There is, likewis dillicully in ilisposing of the products of cul tion. .\ considerable part will bo consunu' the inmates of the establishment, and the ovci Vol. VIII.— No. 37. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 295 ' sure to sell at ;i handsome profit, where labor ' ts nothing, or is a substitute for idleness, which I vorse than nothing. In short, if wc can put a [) to the intemperate use of ardent spirits, we 11 probably, not have mote than one fourth '"*lt so many paupers to support, as are now sup- '" ted by public or private bounty ; and if we can iously employ this fourth part, their labors jf cause the remnant of pauperism to become ' .urce of profit instead of a burtiien to the public. ':il)ur observations on this part of our subject are '"I based on visionary speculations, or theories, ch have never been tested by ])ractice. The r of Boston, and many towns in New England, and have been for many years, supported with iif little expense to the community, by their 1 a"ricultural and horticultural labors. We e made some observations in the Now England mer, vol. iii, p. 302, on a pamphlet entitled ement of the iipenditures for the Support of the r in the town of Salem, from March 1824 to 'li 5. By this it appeared that the net expense ™ Salem, (containing about 13,000 inhabitants,) ™the period above mentioned, was 64 dolls. 85 Among the expenditures were items of plies to, and other expenses incurred for, poor P sons not inhabitants of the Aims-House, "" '50, 71. The whole number of i)aupers in the ise March 2, 1824, was 268. The year fol- •; 303 entered the House, and 303 died or e disciiarjjed ; leaving in the House March 1, 5, 250. T'lr- statement concludes as f jUows : e Overs; .;i J of the Poor take leave to ob- e ti;at the Farm under the t-uperintendence 'Ir Upton, has been injproved during the past much more than in any preceeding year e the commencement of the establishinent ; that generally the concerns of the Alms se are in a more flourishing condition than W ' have beenat any former tin)e since the Board 3 been ntrusted with this department of the lomy of the town.' "rv the JVtw England Farmer, vol. v, ]>. 130, may een some notices of County and Town Poor- ses, to which farms are attached, and the ben- I results of arrangements, see likewise page of the current volume of this paper. ]j^ A horticultural friend in Maryland, is rous of procuring a few scions of the Red rry, (cerasus borealis of Michaux.) He is also lesirous of getting a few cuttings of a fruit ph he says he has seen, several years since, le northern part of the State of New York, which he thinks was called Swamp Cherry ; fruit is about the size of a whortleberry, light when ripe, without a stone. The tree grows tijder, generally in low ground — the bark rather oth, light color, and not at all like that of the rry species. If any of our friends will send ny of the above, to the office of the New land Farmer, they will confer a favor on a lenian, who will, with pleasure, reciprocate it ny occasion. hiarierbj Revino. — The 83d munber of this jom'ual is just republished by Wells & Lilly, on, and contains t'.,\borate articles on the fol- ,ng subjects ; Unlawful Disinterment of hu- bodies — Pilgrimages to Mekka and Medina — jiey's Battle of 12t') April — Scenes and Inci- ;s in the Wilds of North America — Amend- t of Tithe Laws — Trade and Intercourse I China — Registration in England — Common ' Law Reforms — Internal Policy of Great Britaii Published quarterly, at §5 00 per annum. -. Errata. — In Gen. Dearborn's communication, in this day's paper, the following errors occur. — Page 293, col. 1, line 36 from the top, for ' and is,' lead and they are. — Col. 3, line 8 from top, for ' Pitt Graft,' read Pith Graft.— Same col. line 22 from bottom, erase the word ' scion. [IT We regret the necessity we are under this week, of deferring an account of the Proceedings of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society till our next paper. •^'Several valuable communications are deferred till next week. Grape Vines, Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, S{C. Grape Vines of many varieties, viz : 75 Roots Catawba Grape } .,-,,. , . „ 300 Cutlin.rs, do do > '"*='=;' ""J""" •'• Adlum, 75 do true Bland's pale red do S <-«o'-getovvn, D. C. Also, Isabella 1,2, and 3 years old, Schuylkill or Alex- ander Muscadel, 1 ami 2 years old, true Bland's pale red 1 and 2 years old, Sweet Water, Hamburg and many oth- er varieties. Pear Trees ; consisting of good sized SeckIe,Bartlett, &c, and a few small trees budded with Mr Knight's and the Flemish varieties, and scions of same from hearing trees— also, many varieties Plum, Cherry, Apple, anil Quince trees— also, Currant, Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes, 10 varieties of finest Strawberry. Also, a great variety of Shrubbery — fine Snow Ball trees, 60 v.irieties of the finest Rose Bushes — double and single Dahlias, Tulips, Hyacinths, &.c. ROSE WATER. 20 Demijohns treble, double, and single, distilled Rose Water, made entirely from the Damask Rose. (The Rose Wafer is also constantly for sale wholesale and retail at \Vade's porter cellar, No. 12, Merchants' Row. For sale at the Garden and Nursery of Samuel Downer, Dorchester, by Rufus Howe. ep4t Spring fVheat, Sfc. For sale at the Seed Store connected withjthe New England Farmer, 52, North Market-street, A few bushels of prime Gilman Spring Wheat, raised in Worcester county, by two gentlemtn, who have for several years taken the premium of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, for the best crops of this article. — Also, a small quantity of English Rye Grass Seed. Ap. 2. Ornamental Shrubs, S,'c. For sale at the Seed Store, connected with .the New England Farmer, 52, North Marke-strect, A fine collection of Ornamental Shrubs, Grape Vines, &c, packed singly in moss, for transportation ; among which are Double Flowering Almond, .50 cents — Japan Globe Flower, (very beautiful) 50 cents — Snowberry, 50 cents — Snowball 38 cents— Calycantbus or Allspice tree, (very fragrant,) 50 cents — Mespilus Pyraeantha, (beau- tiful evergreen,) 50 cents — Syringioes, 38 cents — and many other fine flowering Shrubs. April 2. HitchcocWs Ploughs. David Prouty has for sale in Hanover, Mass, a' large collection of Hitchcock's valuable Ploughs, whole- sale and retail, the same kind alluded to in Mr Mears' article in the New England Farmer; for March 26. For sale also, at the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston. April 2. *_ Sweet Potato Slips. Just received at the Seed Store, connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A few barrels Carolina or Sweet Potato Slips, of the very first quality, being from Mr Darnell; of New Jersey — the gentleman recommended by Mr Lowell, in a communication to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, published in the New England Farmer, Septem- berlS, 1829. The Slips now offered are a much superior sort and of better shape, to any that have been for sale in this city for several years past, from the New York mark- et. Price 50 cents a half peck. Gentlemen in want of them will please apply soon, as the supply is not large. Fales'' Hoes. French & Emmons, No. 31, South Market-St. have iusl received a supply of J. & .4. Fales' P.itent Hoes. — Fire Brick an! Slabs for furnaces co.astantIy for sale. April 2. 2ra J^or Sabbath School Libraries. James Loring, No 132, Washington-Street, has for sale about FIVE hundred kinds of Juvenile Books, inclu- ding the publications of the American Sunday School Union, which are offered at the same rates as they are sold at the Union Depositories, and many others at less than half the nominal prices. Purchasers can be supplied v.ith ONE hundred kines at prices varying from 15 to 30 dollars. Within a few years he has printed upwards of 100,000 copies adapted for this purpose. Particular a- tention will be given to the wishes of purchasers in re- gardlo the characters of books desired. April 2. For Sale, A Bull of the improved Durha.n Short Horned breed, two years and seven months old. He was sired by Ad- miral—dam, a fine imported cow, He weighs 1565 lbs, and girths 6 feet and 9 inches, although he has been kept on ordinary feed. It may with truth be said, that in every respect he is a very fine and promising animal. — Price .|60. For other particulars apply to Mr J. B. Russell, at the New England Farmer Office, post paid. April 2. 3t * Wanted. A first rate farmer from Massachusetts, to take charge ol a farm on shares, of about 130 acres on Long Island, at about five miles from the City of New York. The ne- cessary capital will be advanced, (on good security) if required. Apply at the New England Farmer office. Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warranted, for sale at Lnpflamis Ammunition Sloie, f)5 Broad st,al relai/. AI.-o .SHOT, CAPS, &C.OI Ihp. bes/ijualily— cheap iai-cskh. If Glass, Cheap. 40 Boxes 6 by 7 Window Glass, .'uitable for Green Houses or Hot-beds, with an extensive assortment of all other sizes, (or sale by Loring & Kupfer, No. 10, Mer- chants' Row. 3ni March 12. Grape Vines, Potatoes, Sfc. For sale at (lie Seed Sinrp coniiecied iviih ihc New England Farmer, 3?. Norlh Market street. Fine roots well packed in moss, of Bland's pale red Virginia Grape, al 75 cts.— Isabella, 50 cts.— Catawba, 50 cts — the Sclni^'lkill Muscadell, al 75 cts.— Early White Muscadine, or Sweet water, large roots, 50 cts.— and all the other valuable sons cultivated in this vicinity, al Nursery prices. Also; La Plata or Long Red Potatoes, raised by Mr Gour- gas o( Weslon, and selected for seed- Lady's Finjjer Poiatoe' (a good sort fur baking) Blue, Red, and Perkins' EaHv all extra sorts. If March 215. Fruit Trees, Sfc. For sale at Davenport's Nursery in Milton, a good col- lection of all the most valuable kinds of Fruit Trees cul- tivated in New England, as Apples, Pears, Chcrrie.", Peaches, Plums, &c, — with a good assortment of Green House Plants and Fir Trees.— Of Pear trees, he can sup- ply the following sorts of extra size and quality, viz.. Bloodgood's, Early Chaumontelle, Long Green Mouth- w.iter, St Michael's, Winter Bergamot, Beurre Rouge, Seckle, Bartlett, Cap Sheaf, and Buffins. Ord>is may^be left with J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Waivhousr, 52, North Market-street, Boston— French & Davenpor', 713, Washington-street, or at the Nursery in Milton. tf March 12. Sportsman. This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Worcester, Shrew.sbury, and Westborougb, and one dav in the week (by particular desire) at Taft's in Brigh- ton. Sportsman is now in this City, and may be seen at R. Davis' Stable, Back-St. tf Feb 19. Asparagus Roots. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, 6000 Devonshire Asparagus Roots, two years old, in (ne finest order for transplanting, at 75 cts per hundred. They are packed in boxes of sand, 350 in each box ; no charge made for the box, but they will be sold in larger or smaller quanhties, if desired. The above sort is the earliest kind brought into the Boston market. Also, a few roots of the following sorts : Large German Asparagus, (from seed introduced into this country two years since.) Eattersea, and Large White Reading Aspa- agus, from England — these rare sorts are sold at from 1 (o .f!2 per hundred, according to the size. Thjre aie only 200 roots of each sort.lor sale, this season. Mar 12. 2dG NEW ENGI.ANH lAUMEU. April 2, 1S30. MISCELLANIES. WHITE MUSTARD SEED. during the present winter, lias been rnucii less than usual, and tlie winter has been the drycst and most pleasant of any for several years. In each of the twolast winters the quantity of snow PRICES OF COU.VTRY PRODLCE. ( Itcportcd for Uic Mew Engliuid Farmer.) Messrs Editors-fhe following .s an cxtrnct of a t ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ,^^„. f^^^_^^[ i„ j,,^ esent ' AI;PLES,b«., ,tter I rcccvtd a few days since ro,n S .11. Tup- ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ AbHts, jf ', «"* ««^ er Esq., of Charlotte, Vt. It relates to the use of 1 i-arl, first aoi It is calculated that 200 suicides have been com- ' "'riJi'''' "'""■■- I IFBOII T< barrel.! 1 76 2 I too. 130 W 13.^ lUi OCIliO the white mustard seed, which I incidentally re- n is um^uiaicu irmi .^uu muiciuus imvc ut;uii uom- i,|.-|.-l. ' commended to him some si-xteen or eighteen months ' mitted in London, and within the bills of mortality, 1 ' (^l^J,, y„ \ actually attain that object — Chnst. Mv. and Journal. , r 1 1 •" . • .• i- ■ by a careful and minute examination, at this time, Lottery Offices. The following opinion of | o/'l'c chinks of fences, under the cooping of walls, these establishments is found in Levasseur's account ^ fissures in the bark or trees and other similar of 'Lafayette in America:' A third scourge, more' places; where they will find the butterfly of the terrible than drunkenness or prostitution, extends its ] last season has, with instinctive care, deposited the ravages in New York, and daily taints the pubhc [,„ ^f ,,,g f,„„re depredators, in the form of morals; I wish to «peak of those bottomless gulfs, ;^ ^ ^^ . ^ ,^ occupied will whichswallowindiscriminatclythc wealth of the rich I . ,, '. , , . ^ • ,. • ,' merchant, and the savings of the poorlaborer ; which ; y^''' =» ''='' harvest of sattsfaclion in the season are the wreck of so many long-tried good characters, ^^ FOLIAGE. PROVISION MATvKET. COItr.ECTKn KVF.RT WEEK Bt HB H>TWAHD. (Clrrk oj Fiwdl-h.,:i Markd.) REEF, best pi< PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, . - . - - MUTTON, - . . . POULTRY. - . . . BUTTER, kcs and "lb, . L;iinp, best, EGGS. MEAL. Rjc, retail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER. [aecordiDgtnerlvsirccl PkilaJtlpliia- I). 4i C. LANnniTU. 85 Cbcsin'ul-sirrei BalHtm>n—ij. K. Smith, Olfice of ihe American Farii,.- itfAonv— Hou. JissK UuKL. naliinc,l>l. I'. Wm.Prikci: AjSohs, Prop. Lin. Hoc (, /iart/orrf— Goonwi"! iV Sons Hali/tu, N. S.-P. J. Ho LLAXP. Esq. Recorder Ortir — A. Dtwmnn. lkioki«'ler. Published by Joh.n U. Russell, at J^To. 52 JVoHh Market Street, (at the JlgricuUural H'archovse). — Thomas G. Ve.sss.kd'CI!, Editor. V^OL. VIII. BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 9, 1830. No. 38. RIGINAL. COaiMUNIC ATIONS. 3SACIIUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO- CIETY. iccount of the Procttdings of the Massachusetts orticultural Society, at an adjourned meeting id at the Hall of the Institution, on the 27th of Jarch, 1830. epoit made by H. A. S. Dearborn, President ic Society. nee the last meeting, the following letters been received. A letter from Mr Vilmori.n, of wliicli the ivioK is a trunslatioii. Paris, October 14, 1829. R — I have received witli profound grntitude, etter of the 12th of August, in which you in- ine of the honor, which tlie Massachusetts icultural Society has been pleased to confer me, by admitting me among the number of onorary Members, — and with that letter a of the Regulations of the society, is mark of esteem is too honorable for me, J njako it my duty to accept it, and to justi- 80 far as it depends upon me. le first thing, by which I believe I shall be ;o enter into the views of the society, is to Catalogues of the various kinds of seeds, 1 are to be found in my commercial establish- Home of them, particularly those of culi- and forage plants, &c. are the most <;om- of any in Europe ; these catalogues will en- our. society to afjsertain the resources which To!'N"<' these kinds of pro- '"'• and ^ "''•^ -.arious seeds, of some spe- ivli^ork wjlieve are either but little, or eii- <". wili'*^ 'he United States. aveliife''l!t to be, vith the highest consideration. Sir, you very humble, and ob't s'vt, VILMORIN. .4. S. Deareork, Pros. Mass. Hon. Society. This letter having been retained, to pro- oine of the seeds, which should accompany the Bon Jardinier for 1830, having been 1, in the mean time, I have the honor to ou a coi)y, which, as one of the cooperators work, I request the Massachusetts Korti- 1 Society, to do me the favor of accepting, ke the liberty of desiring your society to e, if possible, the seeds of a Pine, which I itherto been unable to obtain through a ;rcial channel. It is the Pinus Rubra of jx, or Pinus Resinosa of Alton ; known in a under the name of Pin Rouge, and in the of Maine, New Hamiishire and Vermont, ^he name of Norway Pine. If the society, »e enabled, by its correspondents, to pro- r me, the cones, or seeds of this species, be under the greatest obligations. V. .1ST OF THE SEF.DS TRAfOMITTED. Kitchen-Garden Seeds. ardoons, with reddish colored stalks, ioiet colored Carrot, alian Gourd. aim Cabbage. I 5. Curled Cabbage, with variegated prolific leaves. G. Alpine Strawberries, — without runners, — fruit white. 7. Cantelope Melon, called Prescot with .-j white rind. 8. Picriilie cultiv^e. 9. Tetragone. 10. Twisted Radish of Mans. FLOWER SEEDS. 11. Clarckia Pulchella. 12. Schizanthas pinnatus. I find th(it all the above named plants are de- scribed in the Bon Jardinier which Mr Vilmorin has presented to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. That work is held in the highest esti- mation in France. It was commenced in 1770, by Anon, and is now published annually, in one vohiine of about 1000 pages, by A. Poiteau, Pro- fessor of the Horticultural institute of Fromont, and P. P. A. Vilmorin, — the gentleman to whom ws are indebted for this very acceptable addition to our Library. He is the Royal seed-merchant in Paris, and the proprietor of an extensive and celfbrated nursery. Cardoons. — This is a hardy perennial plant, a native of Candia, introduced into England in 16i8, and known in all the European languages urder the same name. It resembles the artichoke, — Cynara scolymua, — but rises to a greater height. Tie tender stalks of the inner leaves, rendered wiite by earthing up, are used for stewing, and for soups and salads in autumn and winter. The species named in the list of seeds is thus described in the Bon Jardinier. 'It was received by Mr Vilmorin, from M. Delacodr Gouffe, Director of the Botanic Garden of Marseilles ; the leaves are like those of the artichoke, with reddish colored stalks, without prickles at the ends, very smooth and excellent.' Violet Carrot ; — very large, excessively sweet; sent from Spain to M. Vilmorin, by M. le Mar- (JDIS DE LA BeNDANA. Italian Gourd, or Squash. Sent from Italy by the Duke of Orleans, in 1820. Cultivated as an excellent legume. The young fruit is cut as soon as the flowers fall off; they are then four or five inches long, and one or two in diameter ; in this state they are cooked. The ripe fruit is from 15 to 18 inches long, and 5 or 6 in diame- ter. Palm Cabbage ; it is thus named, because its long and narrowleaves, of a deep green, are united at the top of a tall stalk. Curled Cabbage with variegated prolific leaves, is a variety of the Scotch Kale, and received its name from the foliaceous productions, implanted upon the nerves of the leaves, and their different shades of color. Alpine Strawberry, without nniners, fruit white, and is called 'a new variety.^ Picridiecultivee, or Picridiam vulgare, is a native of the south of France. An annual plant which is cut as small green salad, like wild chiccory or succory ; it can be cut two or three times ; it is sown n drills, in March, and successively during the summer. This salad is much esteemed in Italy. Tetragonia expansa, or New Zealand Spinagc. Described in the New England Farmer. Clarckia Pulchella. — This plant is thus described in the Bon Jardinier for 1830. It is anew genus of the family Onagroe, the neighbor of the Q'liiothera, and appears to differ from it, by having four feriile and four sterile stamens. The only species of this new genus is that above designa- ted. It is an annual plant, mu.-li branclied, from one to two feet high, erect, and forming n rounded head. The branches are slightly geniculate, cov- ered with very short hairs, procumbent, hoary ; leaves linear, obtuse, two or throe inches in length, alternate and clothed, when young, with short white hairs, like the branches ; these are termi- nated by a great number of superb flowers, two inches in diameter, -of a brilliant violet rose, or purple color ; they are cotnposed, — 1st, of an oblong calix, which is divided to the base, into four leaflets spatulate, and bent back upon the ov- ary,— 2d, of four clawed petals, which arc divided into three spatulate lobes, opening in the form of a cross, — 3d, of eight stamens, four of wliich are long, with large, fertile yellow anthers, at first ob- long, and ultimately rolling, in crosses, upon them- selves, and four others which are short and ste- rile,— 4th, of an oblong ovary, surmounted by a style, longer than the stamens, and terminated by a large stigma, of four foliaceous lobes, — 5th, of a pericarp, which is a fusi form capsule, an inch in length, of four sutures, four cells and four valves, and contains many rough oval seeds. This magniScent plant is a precious acquisition for the borders uhd compartments of g-rdeus ; its culture appears to require no other cai'e, than to be sown in April upon beds and managed like the balsams and China Asters. It is a native of the banks of the Columbia river, and has been cuh'- vated in England but two years. Wc have seen It in flower, in M. Vilmori.n's garden, who has collected sufiicient seed this year to enable him to offer it to a great number of amateurs, who may be anxious to ornament their gardens with it. The following account of this admired .Ameri- can stranger, extracted from the Bulletin des Sciences Nalurelles, of February, 1829, is con- tained in the Annales D'Horticullure. 'The Clarckia Pulchella is one of the most beautiful ornamental plants, witli which the gar- dens of Europe have been enriched, for a num- ber of years. The brilliant color, the remarkable form, the singular elegance of the flowers, and the facility with which it may be cultivated, pre- sages for it the fortune of Coreopsis tinctoria. We are assured that this plant has been considerably multiplied in the gardens of England, and it is now cultivated in that of Fromont.' It was introduced into England by Mr Doug- las, who explored the borders of the Columbia river during the years 1825 and 1826, under the auspices of the London Horticultural Society. It produces flowers from May to September. Althoiagh this superb flower appears to have been first cultivated in England, it was detected by Captains Lewis and Clark, on the Kooskooskee and Clark's rivers, branches of the Columbia, in their expedition across the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific Ocean during the years 1804-5-6, and NEW ENGLAND FARMER, » Jc:»cripr.o,. ana clortd «„Kraving ol .1 was g.v ca by 1'u.is.., i.. I.i- I'lura of North A.ne.|c«, ui.bliHla-a ... Lo.,.lo„ i,. 1814, whicl. were taken from the Herbarium of Cnptnin Mkr.weather Lewis. That uistl..f,'uishc.l t.avellcr had collccte.l i.ia- terinls for pubhshinf; u work, on the natural histo- ry of the country, through which he passed .n the perilous exi.odilion to the month of tohini- bia river, and had n.nde arrangements lor execu- ,l„.ri,,in lM.iU.,!elphia, whither he was repainng from St Lewis, when, in u mon.ent of inexphcable fre../.y. he perished in a log hnl, a.ni.lst the wilds of Tennessee. Thus science has been deprived of the valua- ble fruits of his extensive rescaiches ; but it .s boped that his manuscripts and specimens stdl ,.xist, and that some patiiolic naturalist, will yet complete a work, which could .lot fail to be hon- orable to himself and his country. Schizanthis pinnatus.— From Chili ; annual ; stalk branched, from lifteen to twenty inches high, a little hairy ; leaves winged, leaflets oblong, decurrcnt, and ,,iimati(id ; flowers intcrm.nal pa- nicles, color blight lilac, inner margin yellow speckled will, purple an.l surrounded by fair vio- let spots. It may be sown in a green house m the autumn, for winter cultivation or in a hot be.l in the spring. The plants must be taken up an. transplanted with great care. It was introduced by M. L'HoTE in 1826,— one species. ' The Catalogues which .Mr Vilmo.un has trans- niitte.l are as follows : — 1. Catalogue of seeds of trees and shrubs cul- tivated ill the open ground. 2. Catalogue of Bulbs. 3. Catalogue of Fruit Trees. 4. Cati.loguo of Forage and Coroa! Seed. 5. CaUilogueof Culinnry Seed. 6. Catalogue of . .1 "f Flowers and Ornamen- tal Plants. ' iViOi the letter and donations of Mr \n.MoR.N was received the package of seeds of the stnnc biera pinnaUfda, font by CotNT de L.*stfvk.., anddescribedinhis letter, which was pubhsl.ed i,. the New England Farmer, of February 19th, but the name is there erroneously printed, and is now correctly given. The parcels of seed, for ilistribution, are iiumbercil 13. I have requested a gentleman in Maine to pro- CU.C the cones or seeds of the Finns Rubra, for Mr ViLMoiiiN, ami will transmit them, as soon as thcv are recc'ved. •-> A letter from lb.; IIo.n. J. F.Wincatk, con- loii.'ing tiro following account of a new variety of Plum. — Hushinglon, Mitrch 14, 1830. . I am informed, by Judg.^ Bouli.in, a mem- ber of Coi.gresH from Virginia, that there is a native vlnm Irn in his neighborhood, and winch appears to be unknown out of it, of rapid and v.- ..orous growth, an.l very hardy, whose fm.t i ..qual in Bi/..! and flavor to our Green Gag.', ami ripens long before it. Its color, a bright red lie knows it only by the i.a.ne of gan-bay 1 lu"". Th.! tree is .sai.l to be a constant and generous bearer.' Measures h.ivfc been lake., to ..Main plants or icions of this lV..it, for our so.-icly. :l A t.ttrr from ih.^ Chevalier Sonlnligo Budin, of which the following is a translation. HorlicuUural Socxtly, J i January 24, 1S30. ) 1 The Secretary Central, FonmUr and Director of Ike I Roval HorlicuUural ItvitituU of Fromonl, to ' Gardening ; ' Designs for Laying out Farms, &c ' Engravings with descriptions ; > On country residences, &c. \'\ Martyn'n Miller's Gardener's Dictionary ; Horticultural transacti.ms ; ) Jo. vol. 7, parla 1 to 3 ; S At the above meeting was uresentcd a box apples from Mr P. Ware of Franklin, contaiu the superior Russet, and Crow's-egg Apple called.) The superior Russet, is judged to b. good medium, and pleasant eating .Vpple — ni would like it better, if it had the sprighthi a Roxbury Russetting. The Crow's-egg was also considered n med eating red Apple, of l.audsoaie form — we pre«i the names are local. ' ,, The box was accomp— •■■•- — •■ •'' 'Hov Itlter. Mr RtssELt— I take tbo lib. . u Hall of the Massachusetts Hortici .."Soc for examination a specimen of two sorts of Ap They grew from trees the scions of which 1 from Cumberland, Rhode Island. The> known in that place byM.e name of Superior set and Crow's-egg. Tl.f ir names I do not collect seeing in the catalogues of our -Nur men. Peibups however, they may be extent cultivated under other names ; if so, you doubtless recognise them, and if so, it will be for us in this vicinitv to know what tl.cir < names are ; for I think them well worthy ol tensive propagation. Both varieties were r< sented to mo as great bearers,— fruit keep: late in the spring, and as being of a superior . Of the last mentioned property you judge. Yours, Franklin, March 2, 1830. P- WAK roR THE HEW ENOLANB FAKMI I'. CONSTRUCTION AND USES OF THE I LER. I Mr Fessendf.n — Allow mo to suggest a [hints on the construction and use of the R For fiel.l husbandry, I have foun.l the comiuon I Roller, of onlv 18 or 20 inches diameter, too s Alter u.sing one of this description for se jvears I have laid it asi.lo, and procured oi bo nia.le of abo.it five feet in .linmcter, of usual length, and in two parts. If ibo groui 'very mellow, n small Roller is apt to draw it Vol. VIU.-:'J'.37. AND IIOIlTiCULTi;S^\L JOURNAL. 299 dges.tlie Kiiiall stones to be crowded into lieaps jFore it, rather than pressed into the earth where ey lie, and the surface consequently left uneven ; id when used upon the ground in the spring of e year, which had been sown with grass seed the II previous, the roots of the tender plant are often ured by its tendency to drag, rather than to ;/ over the ground. These difficulties are all ired by enlarging the dian)eter. The large rol- also moves easier, and the weight, falling more rectly upon the small stones, they are better essed into the earth, the lumps of earth more lely broken and the surface left much more loothed over. My roller is of very simple and cheap construc- Four worn out and condemned wagon or rt wheels are placed upon an iron axle of about feet in length and one and a half hes in diameter ; the old holes in the hubs er blades turning yellow, and the crop ultimately reduced to one half, or less, from what might have been expected. The first impression was that the cause might be attributed to an unfavorable change in the state of the >veatlier ; but having noticed within three or four years, nothing of the kind that coulil satisfactorily explain the phenom- enon, I concluded that the real cause was more likely to be traceil to the aggressioti of some small insects. The short pieces of straw, which I send you with this, will evince to you the fact beyond a doubt. You will notice that said pieces are the lower parts of the butts, and that their appearance indicates a disordered state, by the unusual color, and the small swellings on the outside of the straw. On breaking them, the straw is not found hollow as usual in the fashion of a quill, but solid, hard, and brittle, anil in breaking, the same small worms are found lodged therein. It seems evi- vin" been previovsly filled with wood, and a dent, therefore, that when the barley appears sud- w hole made through this of proper size to ad- it the iron axle. The whole of the wheels are en covered with oak plank, four inches wide and inches in thicknes-. The roller is then sepa- denly blighted in spring, it must be from the ))unc tiues made in its stems by some little fly, which at that time deposits its eggs therein, and that said punctures and the feeding of the worms after- ted into two parts with the saw, leaving two ' wards, as soon as they are hatched, on the green leels fastened togetherby the outside plank, for 1 and tender substance of the straw, check suddenly ch half ; a frame is then made round the whole, 3 ends of which are fitted on the ends of the ie ;' abrace of iron a quarter or half an inch in ckness with a hole for the axle to turn in, is ex- ided from the centre of the axle between the o parts of the roller and fastened to the for- ird and after part of the frame, and a spire fitted 0 the forward part to draw by, completes the ler. After eigbt years' experience in the use of the ler, upon grounds of all descriptions, 1 am fully jivincp.d of its great utility, both upon grass and lug'qAJaiid. Seeu-'sof all descriptions, by the )W'i""^'j^f-ilii-'--i"?et,' vegetate sooner, more nli'|'''and with much more certainty. One jr's work with the roller, after ploughing and rowing, will do more in pulverizing tbe soil, 1 producing a finer tilth, than ten times the ouut of labor with plough or harrow. One of most beneficial uses is, however, upon ground h in the autumn previous, had been sowed ,vn to grass. By the frequent changes of ather, during our winters, the roots of the yourg ss are often torn out of the ground. Let the ler be applied after the frost is out in spring and ore the ground has become entirely settled, and effect produced, on comparing the part of a i foiled, with a part not tolled, would satisfy Wne of its amazing utility on young grass. — s a mistaken idea, that the roller leaves the und heavy. As well might the baker fear his , lad would be made heavy by kneading his gh and smoothing the surface of his loaf. \&jexington, March, 1830. K. P. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. j BLIGHT ON BARLEY. Ir Fessenden — Barley, which fonnerly was )op well suited to the whole district for many fes round Boston, has, unfortunately, become for 1,6 years past, much exposed to get blighted. — *^ disease appears to have gradually extended, ti lately, few fields, if any have been entirely ^ from it. It makes, generally its appearance \(.a the barley gets to be about eight or ten liies high, when, on a sudden, from a state of riant growth it will appear checked, the low- ts growth, ruin its produce, and ultimately reduce the straw to that disordered and unnatural state, in which we now see it. These facts being es- tablished, it naturally occurs to the mind, to search for some way of prevention or cure for aj great an evil, which threatens, if not checked, u destroy, perhaps, hereafter the possibility of wising to any advantage so desirable and usefiil s. grain as barley. It is evident that the soundness of the grain, aised in a blighted field, is not afl'ected thereby n the smallest degree ; the seed to perpetuate die disease from year to year is lodged in the straw, which, when hatched, are the worms now under our consideration ; — there they are, and when the genial warmth of the spring comes on they will undoubtedly ])rogress through the trans- formations usual for such insects, becoming first a chrysalis, and then a small fly, just hatched and ready at the appointed time to take to the wing, and blight the next coming crop, in the same manner as their parents did the crop of the past season. — It seems, therefore, that our diligent care ought to be, to collect all such short broken pieces of straw, wherever I hey may be found, and destroy them by fire. At the thrashing time most of them will re- main on the floor with the grain, and fall by them- selves afterwards with the dust when the barley is worked through the winnowing machine. As an additional caution it seems that all barley seed, when wanted for sowing, should be washed and well stirred in the water, which would give a chance to collect all the straw.s, which may re- main among it. When taken out of the water, it might be worked into some ashes, or slacked lime, which I conceive would be an advantage to it. lu the stubble, left on the field, it appears most likely, that a vast many of the same worms would be found about this time, because the exposure of the weather, during winter, being nothing more than the due course of nature, their lives are not likely to be destroyed thereby. But whenever the stubble is ploughed in after harvest, we may safe- ly anticipate the destruction of them, and it ought to be an encouragement to sow barley alone in ■spring, and the grass seeds afterwards in Sep- tember, which upon all lands, except on steep hills, is the system which I follow, and is esteemed by many careful farmers the safest and best method of laying down grass lands. Whilst on the subject of Barley Seed, let a cau- tion be given against ever using any imported from Europe, as it is the general custom there to dry in the kiln all grain which is shipped, even for a short voyage, whereby the vegetative power is destroyed or so much debilitated as to preclude the possibility of a crop. I have placed in a glass a number of pieces of the diseased straw alluded to in this paper, and I shall request your leave to deposit the same in your office, as an object of curiosity with some of our friends, that the ultimate fate and transforma- tion of the little destroyers, may, in due time, be fully understood. Yours with nmch esteem, JVeston, .Ipril 5, 1830. ' i- M. G. Preservation of Seeds. — M. D'Arcet has pre- served corn, which had been infested by weevils, for a considerable lime, by putting it into vessels, previously filled with sulphurous acid. All the weevils perished, and the corn ceased to snft'er. In this manner insects in seeds may not only be destroyed, but their presence jirevented. As it might be inconvenient to burn sulphur in the ves- sels to be filled with sulphurous acid, we will in- dicate another method of replacing the acid, and obtaining the same results. All that is necessary is, to powder the seeds well with flour of sul- phur, before they are put into the bottles or other vessels ; or after having put the seeds into a bot- tle the sulphur may be added, and the whole well shaken together, so as to bring it in contact with all the seeds. The presence of the sulphur will prevent entirely the attacks of insects. — Jour, des Connais. (Jssuelles. Brighton Market — Monday, April 5. (Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot ) At the market this day, 322 Beef Cattle, 25 Stores, 30 working Oxen, 13 Milch Cows, 69 Sheep, and 345 Swine, divided as follows : Old Market, 103 Beef Cattle (including 20 unsold last week,) 20 working Oxen, 10 Milch Cows and 345 Swine. J^cw Market, 219 Beef Cattle (including 40 unsold last week) 25 Stores, 10 working Oxen, 3 Milch Cows and 69 Sheep ; unsold at the close of tiie market, 73 Beef Cattle and most of the Stores. — Market continues 'glutted,' and sales 'dull ;' prices as follows : extra cattle, 3 or 4 sold at $5,25 to .$ g,50_good and prime Cattle, at $4,75 to $5,00 —middling Cattle at $4,25 to $4,50— thin or ordinary Cattle at $4,00. Store Cattle— Yety few sales, Working Oxen — Considerable doing in e.xchang- ing ; few sales only — extra working Oxen in de- maud — no prices noticed. Milch Cows, as they generally are, ordinary — sales at $15 to 20, including calves, are at auction at $23,75, Sheep — Those at market ordinary — sold at about $2,33. Sivine— Trade quite brisk— lots of 40 and 50 selected, at 5 cents — one entire lot at 4 J cents re- tail— 4^ and 5J cents quick. At Downington, Pennsylvania, en the 5th ult. a meeting of citizens was held for the jmrpose of expressing opinions of the inutility of the militia system. 300 NEW ENGLAND FARiMER, A|.ril 9, 1830 niBRART OF USEFUl. KXOWI>EDGE. i [Cintiniut/ /r«« pafe SK.J CIIAPTER IV. Tin: DirrCllENT IMir.EDS of ENGLISH HORSES. CAVALRY HORSE. This is llio j)ro|)er [ilacc to speak of tlie cavalry hone. That iiol)li! iiniinal whose vaiielies we are flescrihiiig, somliiiirably ailu|(te(l to coiitril)Ute to our pleasure niul our use, was at a very curly age, jierverted to the ilestriiclive piirposo.s of war ; and, as if lie hail hecii destined to the ninrJcrous busi- ness, seemed to exult and triumph in the work of death. A sacred writer, more than three thousand years ago, gives us n suhlinie arrount of tlie manner in which the horse, at tliat time, as at present, en- teral into the spirit of the battle (Jol) xxxix. 19 ft seq.) ' llasi thou given the horse strength ? hast thou clothed his neck with thiuukM? Canst thou make him afraid as a grassljnppL'r ? The glory of his nostrils is terrible. Hi: ])awrth in the valley, and rejoiceth in liis strcnijli : he goetli on to meet the armed men. He mockclli at fear and is not aflrighteil ; neither turiieth he bark from the sword. The (piivcr rattletli against him, the glittering spear and the shield. He swkIIow- eth the ground with fnrcencss and riige. He .saith among the trumpets Ha! hn ! He .«melleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains and the shunting.' The cavalry horses contain a different propor- tion of liloiid, according to the naline of the ser- vice required, or the caprice of the commanding officer. Those of the household troops arc frntn halfto three fourths bred. Some of the ligliter regiments have nion; bluoi,' in tlietn. Our cavalry horses were formally large and heavy. To his imposing size was added action as imposing. The hor.se was traineil to a peculiar, ami grand and beautiful method of going ; but he wasofien found deficient in real service, for this very action di- minished his speed, and added to his labor and fa- tigue. A consiilerable change has taken i)lacc in the character of onr war-horses ; lightness and ac- tivity have sncceded to bulk and strength ; and for skirmishing and sudden attack the change is nn improvement. It is particularly found to beso in long and rapid marches, which the lighter troops scarcely regani, while the heavier horses, with their more tliaii coni))aralive additional weight to carry, are knockeil up. There was, however, gome danger of carrying this too far ; for it was fomiil that in the engagements previous to, and at the battle of Waterloo, our heavy lioiiseh(>lil troopj alone were aidi; to repulse the formidable charge of the French guard. The following anecdote of the memory and dis- cipline of tie iroop-horse is related on good au- thority. The Tyrolese, in one of their insurree- lions in 1800, took lifleen Bavarian horses, imd mounled ihein with so many of their own men ; but, in o skirmish with n sqmidron of the same regiiiiont, no Hooner did these horses hear the trumpet, and recognize the unif inn of their old nia-iiers, then thi'y.iiet off at lull gallop, ami car- ried thrir riders, in spile nf all llii-ir efforts, into the Bavarian ranks, where they were made pri- aiiners, IMinvrihites a curious story about the war-horse, l)Ut, alihmigh an excellent naturalist and philoso- pher, he was either \ery credulous or too fund of I the marvellous. The Sybarites trained their hor- ! ses to dance. The inhabitants of Crotoua, with j whom they were at war, had their trumpeters j taught the tunes to which the horses were accus-i turned to dance. When the opposing troops were ^ in the act of charging upon each other, the Cro- 1 tonian trumpeters begun to play these tunes — the Sybarite horses began to dance, and were easily | defeated. | THE r.ACE IfORSF.. There is much dispute with regn.-d to the ori- gin of the Ihorou^hbnd horse. By some he \a' traced through both siro and dam to Eastern par- entage ; others believe him tube the native horse, improved and perfected by judicious crossing with the Barb, the Turk, or the .\rabian. 'The Stud Book,' whieb is an authority aeknowledged by' every English breeder, traces all the old racers to, some Eastern origin ; or it traces them until the pedigree is lost in the uncertainty of an early pe- riod of breeding. If the (lediurec of a racer of | the [jresent day be required, it is traced back to n| certain extent, and ends with a well-known racer ; — or if an earlier derivation be required, that ends cither wi;h an Eastern horse, or in obscurity. It must, on the whole, be allowed, that the pre- sent English thorough-bred horse is of foreign extraction, improved and i)erfected by the iiifli- ence of the climate, and by diligent cultivation. — There are some exceptions, as in the case of Sampson and Bay-Malton, in each of whom, al- though the best horses of tl.cir day, there was » cross of vulgar blood ; but they are only excep- tions to a general rule. In our best racing sta- bles, and, particularly in the studs of the Earls ol Grosvenor and Egremont, this is an ackowledged principle ; anecie.s, which had been in the earth, under bell glasses, for four months, had not exhibited any appearance of roots. ' I feared that my plants, wlien taken from the water, would not accommodate themselves to the earth, in which I might place them; but my fear was unfounded, for 1 can show at this moment, plants obtained in this manner, which look re- markably well.' The Olove-tree, Carynphyllus aromaticus, which no one had been able to graft, or raise from cut- tings, has been submitted to this experiment ; it begins to form granulations, and M. Neumann has strong expectations that roots will appear. Thus the signal has been given. M. Neumann states that he has not changed the water of his cuttings ; the attempt can be made to change it, or to prevent its being in contact with the air con- tained under the bell glass, &c. No doubt this method is susceptible of improvement. extract no, XVI. A new method of Grafting. — By M. Martin de Bressolles. It is well known, that an apple scion grafted on a paradise stock sooner yielils fruit and of a larger size than when grafted on a free,* or on a wild stock ; and it is certain, that it is in consequence of the little vigor and the feebleness of the para- dise stock, that we derive this advantage. It is also known, that paradise stocks do not flourish in dry anil light soils, because its feeble and sho/t roots cannot extend themselves and descend sufliiciently • A free stocic is one of any kind of fruit, raised froai a cultivated or grafted species ; a wUd stock is one raised (rom the seed of ungrafted trees. Jeep, to receive the requisite nourishment. From these facts, M. Ue Bressolles has endeavored to obtain the advantages and avoid the inconvenien- ces of the paradise stock ; and he believes he has attained this object, by i>laiiting out, at first, the free or wild apple stocks and inserting on these, grafts of the paradise apple, upon which he finally grafts, when they arc siifticienlly developed, the superior species of apple, which he wishes to inuhiply. It results from this in'acticc, that the free and wild stocks, extending their roots farther, in all kinds of soil, than the paradise, a more certain and vigorous vegetation is produced in the stock ; and that when the paradise wood is inter|>osed be- tween the stock and the graft of superior fruit, it moderates this vegetation and does not allow the sap to rise too rapidly and abundantly into the top of the tree, — or rather, di.os not permit the de- scending, or atrial sap, to descend towards the nxits with too great facility ; for it is very certain that the obstacles which arc opposed to the do- scent of the sap, increase the size of the fruit and accelerates their maturity ; the removing a ring of bark, and grafting on paradise stock-s, are conclu- sive ])roofs of this. By this process, dwarf apple trees can be ob- taine into unpro- ductive wood, us to render n crop of fruit veiy un- certain, atui have no doulit, thatthis liunil>lc native nii^lit be interposed, witb very fnvoriible resultti. I sliall make the experiment this spnn^', by using it as the slandnril for the Green Gngc nnd Mag- num Honuiii, nn'us LiTTORALia. Beach Plum. Umbels crowded, few. flowered ; peduncles and calyxes somewhat i)ubescent ; leaves oval, ucute, serrate, the veins pubescent beneath. Synonytii, Pru.nus Spha:rocarpa. Michaux. A shrub with stout, straggling branches. Leones scattered, crowded, oval or aborate, acute, single and doubly serrate, smooth or rugose above, slightly pubescent ortomentose beneath. Petioles short, pubcsceint, and biglaiidular. The flowers appear before the leaves, on the sides, near the oxlrcmities of the Inst year's branches, in numer- ous umbels, of from two to five flowers. Pedun- cles short, filiform pubescent, under a magnifier, as well as the calyx. Corolla small, white. — Fruit large, globular, eatable, with the flavor of the common plum. Always neajb«tic salt water ; abundant on I'lum Island, — .May. — Fruit ripe in August anil September. Faritl;/ — 1 Fruit an inch in iliameler, purple, with a glaucous bloom. ' — 2. Fruit smaller but similar. ' — 3. P^riiit crimson, shining. This is the common Beach Plum, much prized for its agreeible friiit, and deserving attempts at riiltivution. Those of my trees which have yielded fruit belong to the 2d variety. 11. A. S. D. pruning of the vine is only performed to divide the raise pumpkins in this way, but have no doubt that sap into but a fevv buds, and to make the vine pro- it will answer for them. duce bunches more perfect, and of a quicker! 'The same plnn may be adopted with advan- ripeness; yet should those buds receive too much tagc nnd economy, as to manure, in raising Lima sap, the blossom will be blasted; (he proof of 1 beans, especially in cold situasioDS.' — Penn. Agric this is fully established by considering, that, when- '.Mmanack. ever a vine is of too luxuriant a growth, and is pruned short, nlthough the buds may i.roduca n Peculiar cultivation of Polalott.—\ French beautiful branch, it will produce no grapes ; it is | soldier placed half a dozen of potatoes at the bot- on this account that such vines must be pruned to.ii of a cask upon a layer of .sand and fresh very long, and not before the buds begin to swell, earth, three or four inches thick : when the stalk- then it bleeds amazingly, and loses timt supei- , ''"'1 "sen a few inches he bent thcui down and fluous sap, which is nothing more than a watery ^ covered them, four or five inches deep with the substance, beneficini fur tUe growth of the branch- same mixture, lie continued this operation till es, but hurtful to the grapes. ' ""^ ''^^^ ««=* full. Six or seven months after, up- 'VVhen vines are of smr.ll growth, tlicy must ; o" emptying the vessel (which stood in a court be pruned early, and if a too luxuriant one,/a««, Jyax'-) ''« f""'"!.''"" the half dozen potatoes had for the later they are pruned the more thoy produced an enormous quantity of new ones, fror bleed, hut in all cases let your vines bleed, be cause the too great abundance of sap, in this warm and humid country, and its direction in a greater number of buds than in France, are what an American vine dresser must more particularly observe. In all cases where vines are exposed to Inte fro.st, prune, but very late, for the sooner a vine is pruned the sooner it will grow.' Preserving Plants front the Caterpillkr. — .^n ex- periment has been tried for three years to pre- serve gooseberry plants from the ravages of the caterpillar, by brushing the stems with a soft brush dipped in common train or fish oil, about the time of their tirst appearance, or at any time when in- fested, which .-ippears to destroy or greatly to annoy them. It also much improves the growth and productiveness of the tree the following year, and clears it of moss. This communication is made public, in the hope of exciting experiments to prove how far it may be useful fur the preserva- tion of other trees.^-JVeii! Monthly Mag. To correct damaged grain, — Musty grain, totally unfit for use, and which can scarcely be ground, may, it is said, be rendered perfectly sweet and sound by simply immersing it in boiling water and IVEW EIVGLAIVD FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 9, 1830. BLKF.DINf; OF VINES. A. LouBAT, author of the Ktne Dresser's Guide, in an article, published in the .Vete York Farmer, for February last, condemns the application of plaster of I'aris, or .-iiiy other substance, to pre- vent vines from blcirding, when pruned, nnil ob- serves, ' If you do not find, in any book, treat- ing of the culture of the vine, any mention or hint respecting the stoppage of the bleeding of vines, that is bccnuse the application of nny such remedies would be injurioii.'<, instcnd of producing any advantage wimlcvor to the vino. As a proof of my assertion, I will observe, that idtliough the the portions of the mother stems which had been succeasively laid down and covered. — Jour, dei Connais. Usuelles, 1829, p. 66. From the New York Farmer. In the Southern Agriculturist, published at Charleston, S. C, we find the following : — ' Horticultural Societies have sprung up with ama- zing rapidity in some of the Northern and Eastern states, nnd are likely to prove of much benefit. There exists one in Philadelphia, four in the slate of New York one in the city, and three in the interi- or; and one at Boston, besides several others, of which perhaps we have nor been informed. The New York Horticultural .Society is the oldest by several years ; but it appears to i. > from the ac- counts we receive, that the '"le :it Boston jvro- in'iscs to be one of the most active, as well as use- fii!, of all these societies. T' — • -- - < -ri- re believe, but little more than c; and appear already to have pi . le effect. The members are zealous, and judging from the reports made through the New Englaud Farmer, the society must be in a flourishing con- ilitinn. Presents of new trees, jdante, fruit, vezc- tables, seeds, &:c, are numerous, and we cannot letting it remain till the water becomes cold. The | but congratulate our friends of Boston, on tbcir ipiantity of water must be double to that of the success.' grain to be purified. The musty quality rarely . The New York Horticultural Society has un- pcnetratcs through the husk or bran of the wheat, questionably done much towards increasing the In the hot water, all the decayed or rotten grain variety and promoting the culture of edible, fruit, swims upon the surface, so that the remaining and ornamental plants, but we think neither its wheat is effectually cleansed from all impurities, usefulness nor its scientific standing, has corrcs- H itliout any material loss. It is afterwards to be ponded with its favorable situation nnd circuin- dried, stirring occasionally, on the kiln. j stances. Located in the metropolis of the coun- ■ try, enjoying every kind of soil adapted to euc- Melons. — A writer in the Richmond Enquirer, cesSful culture, a highly congenial climate, nnd the with the signature Agriculler, snys, ' I now from n I greatest facilities for the importation of foreign small spot of poor ground laiso a profusion of plants — patronised by the most wealthy and in- melons, whereas until lately I could not raise i fliiential, and having among its officers and mem- enough on four or five times the same space of hers, men of science and practice, and yet much rich land. I dig scpinre holes ten feet apart, each of its reputation and popularity is attributable way for water melons and about six feel for rnther to the favorable views entertained by the muskniclons ; for the first, two feet deep; for I public of the objects of the society, and to the the. Inst, eighteen inches deep, and eighteen inches costly and fat dinners, than to the practical infor- wide. The roots run but a short distance in a i mntion, and extent and accuracy of scientific in- horizontal direction, but striking ilcep into the i vcstigations exhibited in the transactions of the earth, they are secure from the effects of drought ; society. and by filling the holes half full of manure, aiul ; The place of the meetings does not correspond finishing them to a few inches above the surface | to the dignity of the society, nor render encournge- wiih a inixlurc of manuro and soil, or which is i nient or coinpensniion to liberal exhibitors. The belter a composition of vegctablcH and other sub- place of the meetings should be where the meiii- siiinces, commonly to be met with uroimil out liem could Inke their families and their friends to houses anil pig pens, a depth of soil of fine anil see the exhibitions and reail publications on rural light lillli is formed. I have not allomptod to subjects. Indeed it is the only way to insure ! Vol. VIII.— No. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 303 jennaneiu popularity and to enlist the talent and icience of our city. Anything short of this i lot justice to the many, gentlemen who are, at dmost every meeting, received as new members. There have been improvements made within he last twelve months, and if the exertions of lonie of the active members are countenanced, he necessary renovation will be effected. Grape Vines. The subscriber has for sale several varieties of Native ND Foreign" Grape Vines, planted under hia direc- ions, and has made arrangements for the reception of mple vines, and the cuttings of many other valuable orts from Europe, part of which are already received nd the remainder are expected to arrive in time for ilanting the present season. It is his intention to cultivate the vine on an extended cale, and to introduce all the varieties he can procure, hat are esteemed valuable for the table, and none will be ffered for sale, that he does not know, or is assured are uch. The following are under cultivation, some of which are low for sale, and the others will be ready the ensuing utumn : — Black Hamburg, Napoleon, Black Cape, White Chasselas, White Muscadine, Golden Chasselas, Early Oval, White Muscat, Gore, a beautiful black Red Chasselas, Grape, Black Constantia, Bl.\nd, Queen, Caroline, Clapiers, Horatio, Oval Malaga. .'',0 L-i! cllas, 2 years old. 200 Cataubas, 1 year old, in fine order for immediate ransplantinT. Please aj:,-l\ to Patrick Kennedy, at the Garden, or the ubs, liber, there, or at his Office, 7i Congress street,or .y letter, postpaid. ZEBEDEE COOK.Ju. Dorchester, April 9. 3t Kenrick JViirserics in J^ewton, near Bostoii. For sale at the Kenrick Nurseries, in Newton, an extensive assortment of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, N9ctO!r!r>?=, White Mulberries, Grape Vines, Gooseberry and Currant Bushes, &c. Also, bout 150 varieties of the most ornamental hardy trees hrubs — including nearly 50 superb varieties of hardy OSes, comprising white and red moss — single yellow, dou- le do. — yellow Austrian — red and yellow Austrian — lack mottled, sable, Tuscany, and other varieties of the lackest roses — Unique White Provence, &c. Also, Greville Roses, and Wilmot's Superb Strawberries. pple Trees of extra sizes — also flowering Horse Chest- nuts, and some other sorts. Written orders directed to John or William Ken- ICK, Newton, will be received by the daily mail, and romptly attended to — or they may be left at Mr Joseph ridge's Grocery and Seed Store, No. CO, Court street, ioston, where, on application, catalogues will be deliver- d gratis- — or, catalogues may be obtained of Mr J. B. tussell, at the New England Farmer office. Apiil 9. ep8w Seed Barley. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, North Market street, A few bushels of prime Seed Barley, raised by Mr ■ourgas, expressly for us, and is of fine quality, being ressed through a sieve, so as to take out all the dust, seeds f weeds, and small straws, which are apt topropao;ate the light. Farmers in want of first rate Seed Barley, are iquested to call and examine this. April 9. Rose Bushes, fyc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New iigland Farmer, 52, N irth Market street. Several varieties of the finest Roses cultivated in this vi- nity ; among which the White Bordered Rose is pre- minent, producing beautiful large, very double flowers, i hite with red centre — grows vigorously — the bushes are j irge, well packed in moss, and if planted out in good soil, ; ■ill probably flower this season; 75 els. each. Also the 'hornless, Swiss Contracted, and other Roses and Shrubs, : i Nursery prices. April 9. ' Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, ifc. ANDREW PARMENTIER, Proprietor of the Horti- cultural and Botanical Garden, Brooklyn, New York, at the junction of Flatbush and Jairjaica Turnpike, two miles from the ferries, offers 12 of the most select Table Grapes, very haidy,of the north of France, at $6 the dozen, with directions for planting, &c., or at 75 cents apiece, sepa- rately— such as they are described in his catalogue. He also offers for sale Vines at 25 cents each, for vineyards, warranted to grow. They can be had from the 15th Oc- tober to the 15th December, and from the 15th March to (he loth May — a great many have borne fruit this sum- mer. He iias a clioice assortment of 242 kinds of apples, 190 kinds of superior pears, 71 cherries, 64 peaches, 15 nectarines, 85 plums, IS apricots, 20 gooseberries, &c, some of very large size, and in a fine bearing slate. Also, apple trees ])aradise stock, full of fruit. His collection of ornamental and forest trees, and of oi-namental shrubs, is of 336 kinds, and more than 200 rose plants, and a fine collection of green house plants. A. P. will undertake to lay out pleasure grounds and gardens, and will be happy in showing his port folio to amateurs, at his establishment of nurseries, which con- sists of 24 acres. Orders should be directed to A. Par- mentier, at his establishment, or to Mr John B. Rui SELL, at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, whei'e catalogues may be had gratis, — and of his other agents, in different cities in the Union. 3t April 9 Jlpple Trees Of the first quality for sale at the Nursery in Farnnng- ham Village. Also a great variety of the choicest Rare- ripe and Peach Trees. 3t* April 9. • Grape Vines, Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, SfC. Gkape Vines of many varieties, viz : 75 Roots Catawba Giape ^ ,^ j^.^, j ^j, 300 Cuttings, do do > Co town D C 75 do true Bland's pale red do 5 ° . • .\lso, Isabella 1,2, and 3 years old, Schuylkill or Alex ander Muscadel, 1 and 2 years old, true Bland's pale rrd 1 and 2 years old, Sweet Water, Hamburg and many oth- er varieties. Pe.^r Trees ; consisting of good sized Seckle,Bartlett &c, and a few small trees budded with Mr Knight's and the Flemish varieties, and scions of same from bcarin trees — also, many varieties Plum, Cherry, Apple, and Quince trees — also. Currant, Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes, 10 varieties of finest Strawberry. Also, a great variety of Shrubbery — fine Snow Ball trees, 60 varieties of the finest Rose Bushes — double and single Dahlias, Tulips, Hyacinths, &c. rose water. 20 Demijohns treble, double, and single, distilled Rose Water, made entirely from the Damask Rose. (The Rose Water is also constantly for sale wholesale and retail at Wade's porter cellar, No. 12, Merchants' Row. For sale at the Garden and Nursery of Samuel Downer Dorchester, by Rufus Howe. ep4t * Spring fVheat, Ifc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52, Noi'th Market-street, A few bushels of prime Gilnian Spring Wheat, raised in Worcester county, by two gentlemen, who have for several years taken the premium of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, for the best crops of this article. — Also, a small quantity of English Rye Grass Seed. Ap. 2 Hilcheocli's Ploughs. David Prouty has for sale in Hanover, Mass, a large collection of Hitchcock's valuable Ploughs, whole- sale and retail, the same kind alluded to in Mr Mears' article in the New England Farmer; for March 26. For sale also, at the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston. April 2. Sweet Potato Slips. Just received at the Seed Store, connected with the New England Farmer, 52 Noi'th Market-street, A few barrels Carolina or Sweet Potato Slips, of the very first quality, being from Mr Darnell; of New Jersey — the gentleman recommended by Mr Lowell, in a communication to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, published in the New England Farmer, Septem- berl8, 1829. The Slips now offered are a much superior sort and of better shape, to any that have been for sale in this city for several years past, from the New York mark- et. Price 50 cents a half peck. Gentlemen in want of them will please apply soon, as the supply is not large. For Sabbath School Libraries. James Loring, No 132, Washington-Street, has for sale about FIVE hundred kinds of Juvenile Books, inclu- ding the publications of the American Sunday School Union, which are offered at the same rates as they arc sold at the Union Depositories, and many others at less than half the nominal prices. Purchasers can be supplied with ONE hundred kinds at prices vai-ying from 15 to 30 dollars. Within a few years he has printed upwarrls of 100,000 copies adapted for this purpose. Particular at- tention will be given to the wishes of purchasers in re- gard to the characters of books desired. April 2. For Sale, A Bull of the improved Durham Short Horned breed, two years and seven months old. He was sired by Ad- miral— dam, a fine imported cow. He weighs 1565 lbs, and girths 6 feet and 9 inches, although he has been kept on ordinary feed. It may with truth be said, that in every respect he is a very fine and promising animal. — Price $60. For other particulars apply to Mr J. B. Russell, at the New Eugland Farmer Office, post paid. April 2. 3t ^ IVanted. A first rate farmer from Massachusetts, to take chaige of a farm on shares, of about 130 acres on Long Island, at about five miles from the City of New York. The ne- cessary capital will be advanced, (on good security) if required. Apply at the New England Farmer office". Powder at 2s per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality wananled, for salv al Copeland's .Avmumition Store, 65'Hroad si, al rclisil. Alfo SHOT, CAPS, &c. of H-.e.Usliiualily— cheap for cahh. If Glass, Cheap. 40 Boxes 6 by 7 Window Glass, suitable for Green Houses or Hot-beds, with an extensive assortment of all other sizes, tor sale by Loring & Kupfer, No. 10, Mer- chants' Row. 3m March 12. Grape Vines, Potatoes, fyc. For sale al the Seed Store connecled with ihc New England Farmer. 3?. Ncirih Market slreel, Fine rools well pack ed in moss, of BIai;d's pale red Virginia Grape, al 75 cl.s.— Isabella, 50 els,— Caiawba, SO cis— ihe Schuylkill Muscadell, al 75 els.— Early While Muscadine, or .Swecl water, large i-oois, 50 els.— and all ihc olher valuable sons cuUivaled in Ihis viciniiy,at Nursery prices. Also. La Plata or Long Ked Polaioes. raised by Mr Gtiur- gas of Weslon, and selecled fur seed— Lady's Finger Potaloes. (a good sort for baking) Blue, Red, and Perkins' Enriv. ali extra sons, tf March 2C. Fruit Trees, SfC. For sale at Davenport's Nursery in Milton, a good col- lection of all the most valuable kinds of Fruit Trees cul- tivated in New England, as Apples, Pears, Cherries, Peaches, Plums, &.c, — with a good assortment of Green House Plants and Fir Trees. — Of Pear trees, he Ciui sup-- ply the following sorts of extra size and qualify, "^Tp. Bloodgood's, Early Chaumontelle, Long Green .'louth- water, St Michael's, Winter Bergamot, Beurre Rouge, Seckle, Bartlett, Cap Sheaf, and Buffins. Ordeis may be left with J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural V/are'iouse, 52, North Market-street, Boston — French & Davenjijrt, 713, Washington-street, or at the Nursery in Milton. tf March 12. Sportsman, This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Worcester, Shrewsbury, and Westborough, and one dav in the week (by particular desire) at Taft's in Brigh- ton. Sportsman is now in this City, and may be seen at R. Davis' Stable, Back-St. tf Feb. 19. Asparagus Roots. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 53 North Market-street, 6000 Devonshire .\sparagus Roots, two years old, in tne finest Older for transplanting, at 75 cts per hundred. They are packed in boxes of sand, 350 in each box ; no charge made for the box, but they will be sold in larger or smaller quantities, if desired. The above sort is the earliest kind brought into the Boston market. Also, a lew roots of the following sorts : Large German Asparagus, (fi'om seed introduced into this country two years since,) Battersea, and Large White Reading Aspa- i gu s, from England — these rare sorts are sold at from 1 to .f 2 per hundred, according to the size. Thjre ai-e only 200 roots of each sort for sale, this season. Mar 12. 301 NEW EiNCI.AM) FAIIIVIEU. A|.ril 9, 1830. MISCELLANIES. Thtwaylo Foctrty. — A correspondent in Fruiik- lin county lias }:ivtii us a short liistnry of liis ex- piTH-Mice iiinc(|uicingunil lu^ing |iro|)Lity. About 20 years ago, lie ht-^'an wuli little, and I'y industry and ccoimiiiy adduil soinftliiiig to liis iiropeily c'.cry yenr — Imili ii liousu, tlicii a barn, buuglit se- veral l.its of land, and, though he hud a large liiin- ilv, roiuiiiued In llirive until he owiieil a t'oud farm mid coiueiiii'iil buildings, and owsd wt man a cent. All things went on well until a iicigliboring lariii was oflerod Cur sale which he purchaseil ; he paid for a part of it from his own funds and borrowed the remainder iit the bank. This was the first step in the down-hill road. Wlieii the bank debt became due, he Wfiit to unolher hank and horrow- eil money to |i:iy the first ; he continued to run fioiii bank to b:ink for some time, the debt constantly iiicreasii)';. lie now concluded to try speculation in order to exiricate himself fro-ii his irmbarrass- ineiit; he oblaine-ion to resort to banks and Boston loans.' — Hampshire Gazttte. The N. Y. Journal of Coninierce states that while the ofBcers of the House of Refuge were in session, to bind out the boys whose term of service had expired, they received a visit from four young men who had returned from a two years' whaling voy;ige^n ship Zone, of Nantucket, on hoard of wh'ici' tliey liad been placed hy the Directors. They had come to thank the oflicers of the Asy- lum, for their reformation. They were about to sail from Nantucket on another voyage. John Chase (d' Wendell, .\. II. olVcis to cure fevers, consumption, ilrops), \.r, 'on insurance.' PRICES OF COUXTRY PRODUCE. (Reported for the New Eagluid Karoitr.) licauty und Health. — Females should be early taught the important fact, that heauly caMwx,\i reality, exist, independent of health ; and that the one is absolutely iinattainahlc hy any practice in- consistent with the other. In vain do they hope to improve their skin — to give a ' roseate hue' to their cheeks, or to augment the grace and sym- metry of their forms, unless they arc cautious to preserve the whole Iruine in health, vigor, ami activity Beamy of comjilcxion, and, to a certain extent, that of bha|)e also, is noihing more than visible heulili — a pure mirror of the perfect per- formance of the internal functions, and of their harmony with the external lortions ofthe system ; the ciMlaiii eflecis of pure uir, cheerfulnexs, teni- ])crance, and of exercise, imintcrrii|itcd by any species of unnatural constraint. — Jour, of Health. The Portsmouth Journal has not published a marriage in that town for six weeks. Soft Honp and strong lime made into a plaster cf equal porlioiis, in suid to be a cure fur feluna on the fingers. LEIGH RICIIMONd's ADVICE TO HIS DAUGHTERS. Dress. — Aim at great neatness and simpli- city. Shun finery and .-ihow. 15c not in haste to follow new fashions. Uemcmber that with rej^.ird to dress, Ciiris- titiiis ought to be decidedly plainer, and less showy than the people of the world. 1 wish it to be said of the females of my house — ' with what evident and becoming simplicity are the daughters of Simplex attired.' Btliavior in company — Be cheerful but not giflglcrs. Be serious, but not dull. Be communicative but not forward. Be kind, but not servile. Beware of silly, thoughtless speeches: al- though you may forget them, others will not. Remember God's eye is in every place, and his oar in every company. Beware of levity and familiarity with young men; a modest reserve, without afiectalioti, is the only safe path; grace is needful here; ask for it; you know where. Diseases of Refined Life. — From a work on this subject, recently published by an English physician by the name of Stewart, we extract a single paragraph, which wc think contains a vokime of instruction. ' Ladies, both by constitution and education, are particularly liable to suffer from the passive state induced by over refinement. So much is present to captivate their native delicacy and timidity, that they do not perceive the dangers of having these morbidly increased. Ever bu sied with unnumbered details, they have fre quently no one engrossing occupation. Lean- ing for support on some loved relative, and de- luded by the thought that they may so contin- ue secure and blameless, they prepare neither for the disappointments, nor the duties of real life. The willing adoration of the protecting sex raises them above the thoughts and cares of the busy world. They arc never told ofthe uncertain tenure of sickly beauty's " frail and feverish being;" and they hear not "the still small voice" of nature, which warns them to be women. Untried, and close concealed, the character fails in stamina and spontaneous pow- er, as from deficient exercise, the body wants symmetry and support, from the wiry fabric, which has expanded unequally in the drawing room, and when these fair ones arc called upon to be wives and mothers, they are often found to be doubly wanting.' Uponamodcratecalculation there are 12,000 bene- volent societies organised in England, composed of :)00,000 members. A inachino for making shingles has been put in operation at Cincinnati. It costs about $1.5, inde- pendently of the power to work it. Two hundred unil forty handsome shingles of ordinary width arc made by it in a minute, it is the invention of Eze- kiel Birdseye, of Connecticut. A bill to prevent lotteries in Ohio has been read a third time in the Ilou^o of Ruprosrnlatives of that State. 1,1 Arri.RS,herclrJ, Ni CliEE.SK, iifw milk, SkiiitmeJ milk, FLOUR, Biililiiu.re, Iloward-Ureet Gn.e«-*, - Rye, best, - - - CillAIN, Curn, Rye, - - - I Unrley, - . Oais, .... HOG'S I.AR»,fir!.l sort, ue>», - ! I.IME. I I'l.AISTER PARIS rclailjal I'OKK, clear, Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, - - 1 SEEDS, llird's t:r.Tis, . Orch.trd Cmis, Fowl Mcidow, ... R» f Gras.*, Tail .Meadow Oau Grass, - Rfd "i^op {northern J l.ureriK', .... While Mor.cysuckle Clover, Rod Clover, (noriherii) French Sagar Reel, - WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Aferiiio, full b!uod, unwashed, Alrriiio, llirec lourths washed. Merino, half blood. Merino, quarter washed, Nai'vr, washed, . . - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort. . Pulied, Lamb's, second - .rt, Pulled, " spinulug, hrsi son rROM I 1 burel.l I 7S 2 tt loo. :il!i 00 130 U 130 UU 140 q( bush<:l. barrel. pound, barrel, bushel 7j y J5 7 75 C75 10 6 S 4 75 500 3 00 50 65 6 ! 7 00 85 poaad 6 4 8 0 9 . 4 0 16 00 17 C 12 i . It 2 t 3 ( 3 ( 4( 3 ( PKOVISIO.N MAu.;.i:r. COni:£CTEII KYKRV WEEK Bf UK HJTW.ABI), (C/irt of FiinruU-hall i'wirf.^ BF.F.F, besi pieces, . I'ORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, .MUTTON, .... [•OlJl.TKY. BUTTER, keg and luh, . Lump, best, - EGGS. MEAL, Rye, reiail, - Indian, retail, POTATOS, CIDER, (accordln- In qualilv.) pouod. 8 - 7 ft 5 I bu»liel. ■" b;»rrcl. 33 2 00 Seeds for Country Dealers. Traders in ihc country who may wish to keep an >.«>< mcnt of Garden Seeds lor uAiii;r. A'. 1'. Wh. Pkinck &S0.19, Prop. Lin. Hoi. Gu4 f/arl/'nrrf— GmiiiwiN Ar .So!iS. //.1/1/j.r. N. S — P. J. Iloi i.A>'i>. Kiq. Recorder Office Slontrral, L. C. — A. Uowmau, Uookscljer. |VOL. VIII. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BLIGHT. R Rdsseli. DtAR Sir — In a new and very interesting work licli I liave lately- received from London, (the I oiirn 1 of a Naturalist,') I met with the follow- i ; on tlie subject of Bliijht, (Ainerkan Blight ?) as it may l.c new in some particulars to i' iir horticultural readers I inclose 5 w England Farmer. Yours, J. M. I Salem, March 30, 1830- ' Our apple trees here [North of England] are !atly injured, and some annually destroyed by 1 agency of what seems to be a very feeble in- We call it, from habit, or from some assign- cause, the ' American Blight' (aphis lauata ;) ■"Is noxious creature being known in some orch- is by the more significant name of ' white blight.' the spring of the«year a slight hoariness is ob Published by J0H.V B.- Russell, al AV. 52 .VoHh Market Strtd,~(at the Agricultural H'archovse).-T»oMAs GJFils^Ei^jE^rt,^: BOSTON, FRIDAY. APRIL 16, 1830^ No. 39. OUtGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. perficial observation tlic malady was not in exis-j whoso flowers are devoid of petals, and which tence ; and >t d,d not becon.e manifest again un- consequently, make little show or'appearance, and til beptemhor, when, after the rams of that season, j cause in the mindd of casual obsen'ers the exis ■ t reissued in line, cottony patches from the ol,l | tence of the opinion above referred to In Europe nodes on the trees. Many remedies have. Imen thev ,Ii«.in.T,.;.=l. .!,..=. 1: - .,' . .-.';' my remedies have been proposed for removing this evil, efficacious perhaps in some cases upon a small sc-alc, but when the injury has existed for some time, and extended its nllucnce over the pans of a large tree, I apprehend for the j it will take iis course and the tree die. Upon they distinguish these anomalies of the horticultu- ral family, by the title of i^igne or petalless varie- ties—they enumerate but one of the apple and one of the pear, but from the accounts which have been published in difierent sections of our coun- try, it is to be presumed there exist among us sev- eral varieties of petalless apples, but none of the young plants, and in places where a brush can be , „ ^^_ applied, any substance that can be used in a liquid j pear, except in ti'ic Nursery collections state, to harden into a coat, insoluble by rain, will April 8, 1830. assuredly confine the ravages of the creature, and smother it. Hard rubbing with a dry brush crush- es many, but there are crevices into which the bristle cannot enter : thus, some escape, and the propagation continues. I have very successfully removed this blight from young trees, and from ijcently attacked places in those more advanced. ved upon the branches of certain species of | liy an easy application. Melt about three ounces • orchard fruit. As the season advances this i J'"'"esin in an earthen pipkin, take it from the fire, iriness increases.it becomes cottony, and toward "*'"' P"'"" '"'*' '' three ounces of fish oil ; the in- 1 middle or end of summer, the ander sides ofl S^™'^'^"'^ P6'''<;ctly unite, and when cold, acquire le of the branches are invested with a thick, '''^ '^°"S'*'''"ce of honey. A slight degree of heat, vnv substance, so long as at times to be sensibly "'" "nuify it, and in this state paint over every tated by the air. Upon examining this substanie I "°'''' °'" '"'"^'^ted part in your tree, using a coin- find, that it conceals a multitude of small winir- "'"" painter's brush. This I prefer doing in spring, or as soon as the hoariness appears. The substance soon sufficiently hardens, and forms a varnish, which prevents any escape, and stifles the individuals. Ater the first dressing, should any cottony matter appear round the margin of the var- nish, a second application to these parts will, I uiink, \jc found to efleot a perfect cure. The j>'c- 3 terminating bristle is not observed in every [ ''•'ilence of this insect gives some of our orchards vidual : in those that possess it, it is of differ- ''•'''^ ^''^ appearance of numerous white posts in lengths, and is usually when not in use, so P" ^^•^"^'''s •'■y'"? ground, being washed with creatures which are busily employed in preyf- upon the limb of the tree beneath. This ttey well enabled to do, by means of a beak ty- latinginafine bristle; this being icsinuatii ugh the bark, and the sappy part of the wooj, ibles the creature to extract, as with a svringi sweet, vital liquor that circulates in the plant lely concealed under the breast of the animal, to be invisible. In the younger insects it is n manifested by protruding like a fine ternii- ion to the anus ; but as their bodies become ■ ;thened the bristle is not in this way observa- The alburnum, or sap wood, being thus Jinded, rises up in excrescences and nodes all lime from root to branch — a practice I apprehend attended with little benefit ; a few creatures may be destroyed by accident, but as the animal does not retire to the earth, but winters in the clefts of the boughs far beyond the influence of this wash, it remains uninjured, to commence its ravages again when spring returns. Aphides in general r the branch, and deforms it ; the limb, de- j attack the young and softer parts of plants ; but * ed of its nutriment, grows sickly ; the leaves |'^'* insect seems easily to wound the harder bark J 1 yellow, and the part perishes. Branch after j °^ ^''^ ^PP''^' a"'' ''X no means makes choice of ,, ich is thus assailed, until they all become leaf- 1 ^^^ ""'^' tender part of the branch. They give a i! , and the tree dies. The epithet of American I preference to certain sorts, but not always the most I* ht may be correctly applied ; but we have no i "^'^^ fruits ; as cider apples and wildings, are icient authority to conclude that we derived |S''6'>''y 'ifested by them, and from some unknown pest from that country. Normandy and the herlands, too, have each been supposed to have = 'erred this evil upon ns ; but extensively as this ct is spread around, and favorable as our cli- cause, other varieties seem to be exempted from their depredations. The Wheeler's russet, and Crofton pippin I have never observed to be injur- ed by them. This insect is viviparous, or produ- e appears to be to its increase, it bids fair to de- 1 "^^^ ''^ young alive, forming a cradle for them by 111 nn progipssion most of our oldest and ion"' '^'^"''^■'S'ng from the extremities of its body a etned fruit from our orchards. quantity of long, cottony matter, which, becoming 'J, esarae unknown decree, which regulates the in- 'interwoven and entangled, prevents the young from :if se and decrease of all created beings, influen- this instct ; yet wet seasons, upon the whole, 1 genisl to its constitution. In the summer of 6 it abounded in such incredible luxuriance, many trees seemed at a short distance as if : had been white-washed ; in the ensuing mer, which was a very dry and hot one, this >ny matter so entirely disappeared, that to su- falling to the earth, and completely envelopes the parent and offspring. FOR THK NEW ENGLAND FARMER. HORTICULTURAL ANOMALY. It is not, perhaps, generally known, that the Apple and Pear trees often spoken of as producing fruit without having any blossom, are of varieties CANADA PLUM. Mr Russell— I would wish to inform the Mas- sachusetts Horticultural Society, that I have been remarkably fortunate in raising Plums from seed ; fori certainly would not exchange my seedlings for all the varieties hitherto known ; among them IS one, an extraordinary bearer, — and I believe, surpassing in flavor any other in existence in any American Nurseries. I have also, three very fine new Apples of accidental origin— cuttings of all which, should it ho desired, I shall be proud of forwarding to the Mas.sachusetts Horticultural So- "^'"ty. H. CORSE. Montreal, March 25, 1830. [Cuttings of the above Plums, aud of any other indigenous fruits will be thankfully received Sy the Society ; if no other conveyance should offer, they can be sent through the house of E. & VV. Curtis, paper makers, Montreal, one of which gentlemen is a meinbcj- oi/he Soc;-!iy.] Bailor. From Galignani's Mess.jnger. PARIS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The General Annual Meeting of the Paris Hor- ticultural Society was held on Sunday, in the Sallc St Jean, at the Hotel de Yille, which was decorated in a manner corresponding to the occa- sion, but not sufficiently spacious to admit all the persons who were desirous of being present at the meeting. After the opening speech by the President, M. Soulange Bodin, Secretary, made an interesting and satisfactory report upon the pro- ceedings and labors of the Society. The Abb6 Berlise gave an account, in the name of the Committee appointed to visit the flower market, in which he bestowed a high tribute of praise on the gardeners who supply the market with flow- ers. The Viscount de Bonnaire de Gif entered into anexpositionof the claims of different garden- ers, in the employment of landed proprietors, to the encouragement afforded by the Society, and named several who were particularly entitled to them. M. Vilmorin read an interesting memoir upon the culture of the Palate, [Carohna or Sweet Potato] in France ; and Baron Mortemart-Boisse made a report on the culture of Indian corn. The Meeting was closed by a concert under the direction of M. Plantade, in which parts were taken by Messrs Baillot, Vogt, BertinI, and Daba- die, and Mad. Dabadie. The Members of the So- ciety afterwards retired, and concluded the inter- esting festivities of the day by a subscription din- ner. The following are the prizes granted : A 306 NEW ENGLAND FARiMER, April 16, 1830- ailver medal each to M. Lemon, of Delleville, and The following arc its advantages over the log Apricot, Nectarine, and Cherry trees, and tnatei M Devrcde rue dc Montreuil, niaaler-gar! Newmarket course fi>r the king's plale, on October the IHih, 1770. Ho WHS never beaten, nor ever paid fiir- feil, and won fijr his owner more thai) tweiityfive thnusand pouii'Is. Eclipxo v^aH ufterwards nnployed as a stallion, and produced ilu- extrnordinary number of three hundred and thirlyfuur winners, and these netted fully established. Lord Godolphin possessed a old, over the one-mile-coursc, he may astonish th beautiful but singularly-shaped horse, which ho ! crowd by his fle.;tness,-are questions that n.or called an Arabian, but which was really a barb. | concern the sporting man than the agriculiuralisl St He had a sinking behind his as peculiar, and a corresponding elevation of the The horse enters into the spirit of the race i a'nis the loins. His muzzle was uncom- ] thoroughly as does his rider, and, without wh inonly fine, liiS head beautifully set on, his shoul- ders capacious, and liis quarters well spread out. He was picked up in France, where he was actu- ally employed in drawing a cart ; and when he was afterwards presented to Lord Godolphin, he or spur, will generally pxcrt his energies to the u most to beat liis opponent. It is beautiful to him advancing to the starling-post, every motit evincing bis eagerness. The signal is given, ai he springs away — he settles himself in his stride was in that nobleman's stud a considerable time the jockey becomes a part and portion of hn before his value was discovered. It was not un- every motion of the arms and body correspond til the birth of Lath, one of the first horses of with, and assisting the action of the horse, that period, that his excellence began to be a,.pre- he goes, eager, yet husbaiidmg his powers. Liiai MCI Hill, iiiatiJic5\-*>-\-»i^<»'-'--'*n »* ", , , . »■. -* ciated. He was then .styled an Arabian, and be- length, when he arrives at that distance lr< came, in even a greater degree than the Uarley, which the rider kt.ows that he will /.rf Aom« at t the founder of the modern thoroughbred horses, top of his speed, the hmt is given, and on he ru. I died in 1753, as the age of twenty. line. es. Then the race in reality begins, an.l e« An intimate friendship subsisted between him nerve is strained to head his competitor Ih. ,1 a cat, which cither sat on his back when he too, comes the art of the rider, to keep the ho, was ill the stable, or nestled as closely to him as she could. At his dealli, the cat refused her food, and pined away, and soon dicil. — Mr Holcroft gives a similar relation of the attachment between a race-horse anil a cat, which the courser would take in his mouth and place in liis manger and upon his back without Inirtiiig her. Chillaby, called from his great ferocity the Mad Arabian, whom one only of the grooms dared to approach, | and who savagely tore to pieces the image of a I man tliat was purposely placed in his way, had his peculiar attachment to a Iamb, who used to employ himself for many an hour, in butting away the flics from him. Another fine foreign horse, was tho Wellf.s- i.EY AaAniAN; the very picture of a beautiful wild horse of the desert. His precise country was never determined. He is evidently neither a perfect Harb, nor a iierfect Arabian, but from some neighboring province, where both the Barb and Arabian would expand to a more perfect fulness of form. This horse has been erroneously select- i ed as the pattern of a superior Arabian, and there- fore we have introduced him; few, however, of his proilucc were trained who can add much to his reputation. It has been imagined that the breed of racing horses has lately very considerably degenerated. This is not the case. Thorough-bred horses were formerly fewer in luimbor, and their performances created greater wonder. Tho breed has now in- creased twenty fold, and superiority is not so easi- ly obtained among so many comiictitors. If one i-ircunislanco could, more than any other, produce this degeneracy, it would be our absurd and cruel habit of bringing out horses too soon, ami the fre- (pienl fnihiro of their legs before they have come to their full power. Chililcrs and Eclipse did not appear until they were five years old ; but many of our best horses, ond those, perhaps, w ho would have shewn equal excellence with the most celc- brale.l racers, arc fiiiindercd and destroyed before that perioil. Whether the introduction of short races, and so within his pace, and with admirable gi're and ta add to the length of every stride. Then, perha the spur, skilfully applied, may be necessary rouse every dormant energy. A sluggish lur iiiT horse may need more punishment than I humane observer would think justifiable. ] tl e natural ardor of the race-horse, roused at moment of the grand struggle, by the model application of the whip and spur, will bring I through if he can win. Forrester will afford suflicient illustration of natural emulation of the courser. — He bad v many a hardly contested race ; at length, o< weighed and over-matched, the rally had c nienccd. His opponent, who had been wail behind, was gaining upon him ; he overtook 1 and they continued ipiile close to within the tance. It was a jioiiit that could scarcely be cided. But Forrester's strength was failing, made one desperate plunge — seized his aiiK nist by the jaw to hold him back, and could sea ly be forced to quit his hold. In like maniie horse belonging to Mr Uuin, in 1753, finding adversary gradually passing him, seized him the leg, and both riders were obliged to dismr in order to separate the animals. Let us I pause and ask, would the butcherly whipping cutting which seems so often to form the cxpe< and necessary conclusion of the race — llie i posed display of tho skill of I he rider — th lalion of the thoughtless or unfeeling spectatc would these have carried such horses over additional inch of ground ? They would I been thrown abroad — tliey would have shorte their stroke — and perhaps would have become raged and siis()eflded every exertion. The h is as susceplible of pleasure anil pain as ourscl He was committed to us for our proieelion our use ; he is a willing, devoted servaiil. \\ In did we derive the right to abuse him : Iiili speaks tho same language. Many a race hog I lost by the infliction of wonton cruelty.* • One of Ihc severest plMc-r»ccs on reconi, w«s n I CarliBic, in 1761, and iu which there were no fewer Vol. VIII.— No, 39. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 309 IIORTICULTUKE. Mr Fessenden — I send an extract in relation anieliorateil Pears, which contains much his- •ical and other interesting information, on the rious modes of culture, whicli have been prac- id for obtaining new kinds of fruits, and the urse pursued, by the Horticultural Society of ris, to establish their characl»r. It will be perceived, that the theory developed Mr Poiteau, and the facts he alleged in sup- rt of it, are so far sustained by Du Petit Thou- i, that he earnestly reconiuiends thcextension of perinients, for obtaining valuable fruits from the ids. Accept assurances Of my unfeigned re.=pect, Bnnteij Place, > H. A. S. DEARBORN. ^jirit 6, 1830. \ EXTRACT NO. XVII. From the Annales D'Horticulturc. !PORT made by M. Da Pdil Tlwuars, in be- half of the Commiltee on Fruit Trees, upon three kinds of Pears, submitted to its examination. Since the foundation of the Horticultural So- ty, three Pears have been submitted to its ex- lination : tlie first by M. Vilmorin, the second M. gi:;'.;l!' , and the third by M. Alfroy. That of M. Vihnorin, furnished by M. de la reml)laye, an • : , aded as new, in the environs Chat:'lon-sur-lndre, is, perhaps, identical with e Pear of Saint Vezin ; still it presents some Yds 2 0 97 0 5 181 1 1 5 1 217 44. (t 5 13(i 0 2 147 .■? 6 95 0 7 148 0 1 7 0 211 1 heats, and two of them were dead heats, each of which i conlested by the winner of the plate. In 17G3 at Salisbuiy, and over a four-mile course, there re four heats between two horses, the Duke of Gfat- 3 Hnvannak and Mr Wildman's Pam. The following tible of the abbreviations used in desis- ting the differentcoursesatNewmarliet.and the length these courses, may not be unacceptalile. Abbrev. Miles. Furl. le Beacon course B, C. is 4 I ist three miles of ditto L. T. M. 3 0 om the Ditch in D. I. om the turn of the lands in 'IM-.I. lilt course C. C the Flat A. F. _ ATo-year old course T. Y. C. arling course V. C. lund course H. C tch Mile D. M. nnsdon mile A. M. iwley Mile R. M. vo middle miles of B.C. T. M. M. 1 7 115 A Distance is the length of two hundred and forty llirds from (he winning post. In the gallery of thewin- ng post, and in a little gallery at the distance post, are aceil two men holding crimson flags. As soon as the ■st horse has passed the winning post, the man drops his ig ; the other at the distance post drops Ids at the same oment, and the horse which has not then passed that ist is said to be distanced, and cannot start again for the me plate or prize. A"Feather-weight is the lightest ^ight that can : put on the back of a horse. A Give and Take Plate is where horses carry eight according to their height. Fourteen hands are ken as th" standard heisht, and the horse must carry ne stone (the horseman's stone is fourteen pounds.) sVen pounds are taken from the weight for every inch ilow fourteen hands, and seven pounds added for every ch above fourteen hands. A few pounds additional eight is so serious an evil, that it is said, seven pounds a mile-race are equivalent (o a distance. A Post Match is for horses of a certain age, and the larlies possess the privilege of bringing any horse of that je to the post. , A Produce Match is that between the produce of ?rt;iiii mares in foal at the time of the match, and to be ;ciil;;d when they arrive at a certain age specified. points of difference, audits identity is yet doubtful in the opinion of M. Vilmorin. It is believed, that the one oft'ered by M. Sieulle, should be reported as a species, which has been known for a long time. There remains that ofM. Alfroy, whieh ho per- sists in regarding as new, that is to say, he be- lieves, that not any of the names, heretofore known, can be applied to it. To enable you to decide this |)oint, the commit- tee on Nurseries, and the Cultivation of Fruit Trees, which had been directed to make a report to you on this subject, has found t\^■o questions to decide. 1st. Has this fruit been known before ? 2d. From its qualities, docs it merit propaga- tion by culture ? The first question ap|)ears the most diflicult to resolve, because, even at the present time, there is not sufficient precision, in the descriptions to estab- lish the distinctive character of each garden spe- cies. The second question appears to be more easy to settle, because having the object in view, it is not diflicult to determine its good or bad qualities. Taste seems to be the most sure way ; but, this is immediately ojiposcd by the common saying : There is no disputing about taste. Besides, it is known bow many isolated circumstances may affect its flavor, as the degree of maturity, the nature of the soil, &c. Nevertheless, these two questions, whicli are applicable to all the species of fruits, are of deep interest to proprietors and cultivators. In 1628, Lectier, a magistrate of Orleans, pub- lished a catalogue, in alphabetical order, of the fruit trees cultivated in his garden, and jirobably of those in the celebrated nurseries of that city. This was the first that was printed. The number of Pears contained in it was about 300. In 1651, this Catalogue was reprinted \n\he Jardinier Fran- cois, but according to the order of the maturation of the fruit. It is, in general, under one of these two kinds of enumeration that the names of our garden spe- cies have been propagated to the ])resent time. I have traced in a Historical Sketch, the changes and the ameliorations, which subsequent authors have effected ; it has appeared to merit the attention of the Society, since its insertion has been desired in in the Annales D'Horticulture. Although this kind of approbation is very flattering, I have re- fused it, because I have thought that this essay belonged to the history of the Art of Culture ; that is to say, to the exposition of what had been done anteriorly for the establishment of a foundation, and that we should leave the space open in the Journal, for the insertion of the discoveries of the moment. It is sufficient to say here, that these names, more or less reduced, form the jirincipal materials of all the particular and general Cata- logues, like that of the nursery of Luxembourg. The greatest number of them have jiassed into England as appears by the seventyseven names of Pears, which Philip Miller, the most able English gardener, enumerated in 1731 ; they have continued to appear in all the catalogues which have been since (lublished in London, by various individuals, — chiefly nursery-men. The last is the most authentic ; — it is that which has been pub- lished by the London Horticultural Society : 622 Pears are enumerated, among which are found 100 which are contained in the Catalogiie of Lec- tier. The greatest nund)er of the others are re- ported under the French names as sub-species. Thus, thei-e are thirty Bon-Chretiens, forty Beur- rc'es, fcc. This catalogue gives the plain indication of the garden species which have been collected in the nurseries of the London Ilorticullural Society, following the alphabetical order, with the .syno- nymes, and these .synonymes are repeated in the general seiies, but distinguished by italics. I think that in a volume of the same size as that, a double enumeration could be jiresented, Vv-hich would on many nccoimts, be more useful, by exhibiting only those kinds, which can be cultivated in the open ground. It should be composed of two distinct Cata- logues ; the one in alphabetical, the other in the order of the time of the maturation of the fruit. Thus, one would have for its basis the Catalogue of Lectier, of 1628, in which should be interca- lated, all the discovered varieties : the other should be that of Bo.nnefo.ns, of 1651, parallel with the intercalations. An entire line should be given to each garden species, and this space filled, by indicating the principal authors who have spoken of it ; their initial letters would be sufli- cient for this. Other characters quite as simple could indicate the figures of the fruit which had been published. Tliis would be then a lucid ex- tract of all that exists in books, upon the nomen- clature of fruit trees. These two Catalogues once established, all those who arc concerned in the cultivation of fruit trees, whether as amateurs or as practitioners, could be invited to distinguish all the species, which they know as existing, on their own estate.'', or in the environs. Then we shall be able toconunence successfully, the second ])ortion of this labor, — the application of these names to real objects. However, it may- be commenced immediately ; for ih.nt, it is suffi- cient to put in execution, what was proposed at a preceding meeting, vi^ : to place in the Hall of the Society, a basket of exposition, and inviting all the members to deposit in it, the fruits which uovr exist, and about which there are some doubts as to their position in the nomenclature. I shall not be astonished, that it should bs proved by these researches, that the greatest num- ber of the species indicated in the first Catalogue of Lectier, still exist, but that some of them are confined to a single canton. Nevertheless, the number of known fruits in the time of Lectier has been continually augmenting by the addition of new productions. Marlet has the credit of signalizing the most remark- able, such as the Virgouleuse, the St Germain, the Lansac, the Bezy de Chaumontel, near Luzar- ches. Duuamel, an age after, declared that these trunks .still existed. He has added a small num- ber of others ; but he has not given any inlbrma- tion upon their origin. They are found in the Catalogue of the nursery of the Luxembourg. Some are still seen, whose name determines the epoch of their discovery ; — among others, the Chaptal Pear. But since, an immense number has appeared, which threatens to annihilate all our old admired varieties ; their place is reclaimed by the new kinds, and the Hon. President of the London Hor- ticultural Society, Sir T. A. Knight, ] erceiving that in England, the greatest number of the most celebrated fruit trees, yielded only very deteriora- ted productions, has derived from it, a very bold 310 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, April 16, 1830. conclusion ; il is, tlint a new Bpecies of seed, has but a tietern.lniite i.erio.l of existep.ce as an animal,— two or three (-eiiturieo, for example, and that hke it, they pass through the stages of ado- lescence, maturity, and old age, to death. After this opinion, it is erroneous to believe, that a tree cuii bo renovated by engrafting one of its scions on a young stock ; for this scion, not- withstanding its appearance, may be already in a state of decrepitude, and should perish at the same time with the maternal trunk. This is not the place to examine to the bottom, this discussion ; it is sufficient for us to say, that nothing yet can cause forty of the [lears enumer- ated by Loctier, to yield the place of superiority, which they have maintained for two centuries. But the best among them, Hcurre Oris, and the Crnsanne, (it is between these two fruits, which 1 think it is proper to choose, to find the best pear) appear to deterioralo according to the season or the exposition ; because they are found in oth- er seasons and iu other situations in all their per- fection. Whatever it be, able cultivator* having adopted this opinion, which takes it origin from the com- mencement of this century, they have sought to make up for the years of irreparable injury : they have re.sorted to planting seeds, and have returned to what was taught by Davy three centuries since, — that it was necessary to leave, ungrafted, in the nurseries, those plants which presented something peculiar. It is in Relgiuni, more especially, that this has been done, and particularly by Mr Van Mons, who has given the example of experiments, on this subject. The names of the most esteemed culti- vators and amateurs, have been given to the pro- ducts of this novel branch of observation : the Boscs, the Vilmorins, the Noisettes, &c, have seen their names employed to distinguish these new products; but it is nevertheless believed, that they should be associated with other varieties ; thus there is the Bosc-Cohnar, the Fondantc-Van Mons, &c. The time, which tlic pear tree ordinarily re- quired to produce fruit was a great inconvenience, in these researches, and retarded much, a know- ledge of their results ; but Mr Van Mons has indi- cated the means of abridging it, nearly one half ; it is by what he calls GrefTe d'Accablement. Mr Alfroy has pursued very near the same course, but for a different object : having reisark- ed that the plants, from the pear seeds of table fruit, produced fruit sooner than those from wild jKsars, or the kind used for making perry, ho has triade numerous seminaries of them which he has immediately grafted, when they presented nolliing remarkable : he has produced the effect which he desired, viz : that these kinds have sooner yielded their fruit than those grafted upon wild stocks ; but he states, that they do not last so long. lie names, among others, a perry-pear tree, of the species called Gros-Carisi, which from its size in- dicates a great antiquity, and which has produced Bi;ven hogsheads of perry. Among thousands of plants obtained froni the seeds of table-pears, he remarked 300 individuals, principally distinguislieil by the large size of their leaves ; he left theai to take their course, until the period of fructification ; but only one produced a fruit worthy of attention ; it ia that which he has i)rcHented to the society. A proprietor of numer- ous nurseries, which from father to son have been ■ vated by the family, no person has had, at his disposition, more objects of comparison, to en- able him to judge to what point this fruit could be distinguished from others. It is more especially with the pears, whose period of maturity agrees with that which he has recently obtained, that he has compared il. Thus he enumerates 18 which ripen from the first to the end of October, and 15 from the first of November to the first of De- cember. These 33 pears are all named in the first Catalogue of Lectier. As president of the Committee on Nurseries, and the culture of Fruit Trees, I am specially charged, to collect the opinions of my colleagues, and already that of one of them has been given ; it is M. Poitcaii's who, after having acquired great practical knowledge, has elevated himself to the first theoretical rank. His authority then is imposing : he thinks that Mr Alfroy's pear resem- bles much the Tarquin, and next to that the Treson D\?mour. Here is already, then, some indecision, because it resembles two pears. One of them belongs to the Catalogue of Lectier, Le Treson, or Amour, for these two names are synonymes, in all the other subsequent Catalogues. The other, the Tarquin, began to appear in Duhamel, No. 17, and is found in the Catalogue of the Luxembourg nursery. These two fruits are then well known ; and it does not appear impossible to produce them, to make the comparison. Mr Alfroy persists in regarding his pear as new ; but he thinks it more analogous to the Bon-Chretien D'Hiver than to any other. There has not been sufficient time to discuss this subject with all the other members of the Commit- tee ; hut il cannot be properly terminated, hut by the production and examination of the kinds with which it should be composed. Until this can be done, the question shoiihl be left undecided ; but that docs not in any degree, diminish the merito- rious labors of Mr Alfroy. I think the most im- portant point in his memoir, is the enunciation of the advantage, which he has gained by engrafting upon the stocks, obtained from the seeds of table fruit, over those which are used for perry, since they sooner produce fruit. We cannot then, too much encourage a con- tinued examination of the varieties produced from the seed, and to presene, without grafting, such as seem to ])roinise happy results. We know that our neighbors the Belgians have been much more fortunate than Mr Alfroy in these sort of experiments ; but this is nothing, it is said, in comi)arison to the inhabitants of North America, who obtain nu ncrous species from the seed. I will terminate by saying, that Mr Alfroy is so zealous for the progress of his art, that he does not confine himself to personal experiments, but he has established a correspondence with the new world to i)rocure all the new productions there known, and to enable his fellow citizens to judge of their real merit. well understood, the field or the market furnisl a proportionably small part of the provisions na- a proporiionauiy sinaii pan ui mc pi^.ia.v^..^ ..-- cessary for family consumption. A family, which ^j To!.V ia well supplied with garden vegetables will not be *' . so liable to cat more flesh than health requires, aaj ^^' one which is obliged to live almost altogether o animal food for want of the vegetables which garden affords. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 1830. SEASONABLE HINTS. .\ pnnd Gdrittn is almost as necessary an appen- dage to a farm, and as useftil to a family, as a cellar to a dwelling bouse, a fire place to a kitchen, or a bucket to a well of water. Where a well man- aged garden constitutes part of a rural establish- ment, and the culinary uses of its productiona are BEST KI.1DS OF VEGETABLES. A cultivator who iias a proper regard to his on n interest will always endeavor to procure and pro- pagate from the best breeds of vegetables as well | as animals. A good sort of jiotatoes, for instance, i-^ ' scarcely less desirable than a good breed of cat- tle; and the best possible grasses are as much \>i be sought after as .Merino, or South-down Sheep EARLY POTATOES. Plant near your hog-stye, an early sort of pota toes on early ground, for feeding hogs before your Indian corn becomes ripe. After your potatoeaj- are planted, it is said, that strewing quick liHuL^ over the hills in small quantities will preserve tbeiB( against both the grub-worm and the wire-worm. Potatoes are better food for breeding ewes thai turnips, which it is said are apt to injure the lambs. ( Iu small quantities at a time, they are good foo«j for horses and oxen, especially in spring. Thejj will go farther if boiled or steamed, but when given raw they are useful for physic as well at food, being of'a cooling and laxative quality, and calculated to counteract the astringent and heat ing qualities of dry food. S0AP-8CD3 FOR ILSTBOVISG I.NSECTS. The Rev. Mr Falconer, one ump for sprinkling trees wili soap-suds, and says if the water of a washing can not be had, a quantity of i)0tash, dissolved ii water, may be substituted, and that the wasluni of the trees with soap-suds tw ice a week, for thre< or four weeks, in the spring will be sufficient l. secure them from aphides, &:c. ELDER. The expressed juice of elder learea will kii skippers in cheese, bacon, &c. ; and strong de coctions of the leaves or roots are fatal t insects, which depredate on plants in garden &c. Dr Williih observes, that 'the leaves « elder are eaten by sheep to which they are o great service, when diseased with the rot ; for i placed in a situation, where they can easily read (he bark and young shoots, they will speedily cun themselves.' Dr F.lliot observed in his Kfsnys M Field Htislinmlry, that 'elder bushes arc stuhbon and hard to sululuo, yet I know by experience, tha mowing them Atb tiiuca a year will kill thtm.' Vol. VIII.— No. 39. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 311 Early Tart Rhubarb.— Mr Nath. S. Bennett Framingham, has presented us with a fine linch of the Tart Rhubarb, of the finest quahty, :rccd, according to the plan of Judge Buel, pub- lied in the New England Farmer, volume v:i. •m,c 285. While Jilpinc Slrauierry. sale at the Seed Store connected with the New igland Farmer Office, 52 North Market-street, 50 plants only of the White Alpine, or Monthly Ever- aring Strawberry, without runners, recently raised in ■ance by the Count de Vinde — the fruit is of good size, d of fine flavor. The runners of the other monthly ■awberries exhaust the parent plants, and prevent them )m bearing fruit in any quantity. They should be plant- in a shady place, in a rich soil, about 15 inches apart — > much sun injures their fruiting. Though well calcu- ,ed for garden culture for fruit, they also make a beau- ul plant when cultivated in pots, for ornament only, as 3y are of vigorous growth, and are covered with flow- i and fruit at the same time from June to December. — le plants are potted, price 25 cents per plant. 3t April 16. Jlpple Seedlings, ^c. For sale at the garden of Robert Manning, in lem, a large quantity of Apple Seedlings, 3 or 4 years I, at a low price. Also, several varieties of Shade ees, as Horse Chestnuts, Butternuts, Ailanthus, Gluti- us Acacia, Honey Locusts, Mazzard Cherries, Weeping illows, Variegated Leaf Willows, &c. 2w. April 16. Seed Potatoes. J. H. Dorr, at house No. 3 Quincy Place, Boston, slOO bhls of White Blue Nose potatoes for sale. They 3 excellent lor all culinary purposes, and are the best any to plant for early potatoes ; these having grown at issamaquoddy. ill :i cold climate, will, if planted here, len by the 4th of July. — Price $1,50 per barrel. 3t April 16. For Sale, The celebrated horse ROMAN, now standing at the ■m of Stephen Williams, E»q. Northboroufh, Mass. A rticular account of the pedigree and performances of .s celebrated horse will be found in the New England rmer, for March 26, 1830, page 287. For terms. Sic, apply (post paid) to J. B. Rossel±,, blisher of the New England Farmer, Boston. tf April 16. Lucerne, Orchard Grass, Sfc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New igland Farmer Office, 52, North Market-street, 500 lbs- fresh Lucerne Seed, imported from France, in e finest order, being large, heavy seed — at a reduced ice, wholesale and retail — also, fresh Orchard Grass >m Pennsylvania — Red Top, (very fine seed) — Herds ass. Red and White Clover, &c, at the lowest market ices. tf April 16. Fruit Trees. WM. PRINCE, Proprietor of the Linnsean Botanic Garden and Nurseries at Flushing, Long Island, has the pleasure of informing the public, that his Nursery now contains 287 varieties of the Apple, 290 do of the Pear, 98 1 of Cherries, 183 do of Plums, 33 do of Apricots, 197 j[ of Peaches, 29 do of Nectarines, 14 do of Almonds, do of Mulberries, 10 do of Quinces, 47 do of Figs, 21 of Currants, 16 do of Raspberries, 57 do of Gooseber- ' IS, 39 do of Strawberries, 407 do of Grapes, 600 do of ■namental Trees, &c. The different varieties cannot be 'derwise than genuine, as the greatest attention is paid, ■ d nearly all the kinds are inoculated from bearing trees. ^ le Cherry, Peach, and other trees, are generally of a ' '-ge size. Catalogues may be obtained of J- B. Rus- LL. at the Seed Store connected with the New Eng- id Farmer, No. .52 North Market-street, Boston, gratis ; d orders left there, or sent by mail, will meet prompt tendon. April 16. Large Scotch Gooseberry Bushes. J. st received at the Seed S;ore connected with the New : Igland Farmer Office, 52 North Market-street, per the . ne Haddon, from Greenock, Scotland, via New York, a le collection of Gooseberry bushes, of the largest and ost esteemed varieties, in lots of 6 roots, 2 of each sort, ' ice $1,50 per lot, or $3 perdozen. — They are in prime 1 der, packed in damp moss, so as to be transported with fety. tf April 16. Cesoerian Kail. The Subscriber has lately received, from London, a small quantity of this very valuable and rare vegetable, which, though little known in America, will probably soon rank high in cultivation and esteem, there being no species of vegetable in this country resembling this pro- lific plant ; its peculiar qualities are, that, in winter, par- ticularly in severe frosts and deep snows, when other green fodder for cattle cannot be had, this plant, from its elevation, (growing to four or five feet) and its natural hardiness, yields abundant and successful supplies, which is an important desideratum. The mode of using it for cattle is, by cutting off the large leaves, as wanted ; when a regular succession takes place continually through the winter; very early in the spring, (previous to most other vegetablesj it produces vast numbers of large delicious sprouts for the table, equal in sweetness to asparagus ; so that it may be said to produce two crops. Cows fed on this plant give a greater quantity of milk, and the butter is of a richer flavor than when fed on any other vegetable. A matter, also, of great utility, is that of its comforting and cheering qualities in the feeding ewes in the winter, while suckling house-lambs. It should be sown in the spring, broad cast and transplanted at the distance of about two feet. When sown in July with turnips, it answers an admirable purpose, as few crops are more subject to fail than that of the turnip, whereas the Cesserian Kail (or Cow Cabbage, more properly called) may be depended on. It is so prolific and hardy that it will vegetate well in almost any soil or climate, and prosper even in the shade of fruit and other trees. — Price 124 cts per paper. J. B. RUSSELL. April 16. Seed Store 52 JVorth Market-st. Grape Vines. The subscriber has for sale several varieties of Native AND Foreign Grape Vines, planted under his direc- tions, and has made arrangements for the reception of sample vines, and the cuttings of many other valuable sorts from Europe, part of which are already received and the remainder are expected to arrive in time for planting the present season. It is bis intention to cultivate the vine on an extended scale, and to introduce all the varieties he can procure, that are esteemed valuable for the table, and none will be offered for sale, that he does not know, or is assured are such. The following are under cultivation, some of which are now for sale, and the others will be ready the ensuing autumn . — Black Hamburg, Napoleon, Black Cape, White Chasselas, White Muscadine, Golden Chasselas, Early Oval, White Muscat, Gore, a beautiful black Red Chasselas, Grape, Black Constantia, Bland, Queen, Caroline, Clapiers, Horatio, Oval Malaga. 50 Isabellas, 2 years old. 200 Catawbas, 1 year old, in fine order for immediate transplanting. Please apply to Patrick Kennedy, at the Garden, or the subscriber, there, or at his Office, 7^ Congress street, or by letter, postpaid. ZEBEDEE COOK, Je. Dorchester, April 9. 3t Kenrick J^urserics in JVewton, near Boston. For sale at the Kenrick Nurseries, in Newton, an extensive assortment of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, Nectarines, White Mulberries, Grape Vines, Gooseberry and Currant Bushes, &c. Also, about 150 varieties of the most ornamental hardy trees and shrubs — including nearly 50 superb varieties of hardy roses, comprising white and red moss — single yellow, dou- ble do, — yellow Austrian — red and yellow Austrian — black mottled, sable, Tuscany, and other varieties of the blackest roses — Unique White Provence, &c. Also, Greville Roses, and Wilmot's Superb Strawberries. ■Apple Trees of extra sizes — also flowering Horse Chest- nuts, and some other sorts. Written orders directed to John or William Ken- rick, Newton, will be received by the daily mail, and promptly attended to — or they may be left at Mr Joseph Bridge's Grocery and Seed Store, No. 60, Court street, Boston, where, on application, catalogues will be deliver- ed gratis— or, catalogues may be obtained of Mr J. B. Russell, at the New England Farmer office. April 9. ep8w Jlpple Trees Of the first quality for sale at the Nursery in Farming- ham Village. Also a great variety of the choicest Rare- ripe and Peach Trees 3t* April 9. 'Grape Vines, Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, Sfc. CiRAPE Vines of many varieties, viz : 75 Roots Catawba Grape i ,, ,» • , , „ 300 Cuttings, do do < reed Major J. Adlum, 75 do true Bland's pale red do S Georgetown, D.^C. Also, Isabella 1,2, and 3 years old, Schuylkill or Alex- ander Muscadel, 1 and 2 years old, true Bland's pale red 1 and 2 years old. Sweet Water, Hamburg and many oth- er varieties. Pear Trees ; consisting of good sized Seckle,Bartlett, &c, and a few small trees budded with Mr Knight's and the Flemish varieties, and scions of same from bearing trees — also, many varieties Pluro, Cherry, Apple, and Quince trees — also, Currant, Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes, 10 varieties of finest Strawberry. Also, a great variety of Shrubbery — fine Snow Ball trees, 60 varieties of the finest Rose Bushes — double and single Dahlias, Tulips, Hyacinths, &c. ROSE WATER. 20 Demijohns treble, double, and single, distilled Rose Water, made entirely from the Damask Rose. (The Rose Water is also constantly for sale wholesale and retail at \V ade's porter cellar. No. 12, Merchants' Row. For sale at the Garden and Nursery of Samuel Downer, Dorchester, by Rufus Howe. ep4t * Sportsman. This full blooded horse will stand the ensuing season at Worcester, Shrewsbury, and Westborough, and one day in the week (by particular desire) at Tail's in Brigh- ton. Sportsman is now in this City, and may be seen at R. Davis' Stable, Back-St. tf Feb 19. Fruit Trees, SfC. For sale at Davenport's Nursery in Milton, a good col- lection of all the most valuable kinds of Fruit Trees cul- tivated in New England, as Apples, Pears, Cherries, Peaches, Plums, &c, — with a good assortment of Green House Plants and Fir Trees. — Of Pear trees, he can sup- ply the following sorts of extra size and quahty, viz. — Bloodgood's, Early Chaumontelle, Long Green Mouth- water, St Michael's, Winter Bergamot, Beurre Rouge, Seckle, Bartlett, Cap Sheaf, and Buffins. Orders may be left with J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52, North Jftarket-street, Boston — French iSt Davenport, 713, Washington-street, or at the Nursery in Milton. tf March 12. Powder at 2« per lb. DUPONT'S POWDER, quality warra-nted, for sale at Cnpe/aniVs A7nmu7iition Store, 65 Broad st,at retail. AIs* SHOT. CAPS. &c. of the best quality— cheap for cash. If Glass, Cheap. 40 Boxes 6 by 7 Window Glass, suitable for Green Houses or Hot-beds, with an extensive assortment of all other sizes, lor sale by Loring & Kupfer, No. 10, Mer- chants' Row. 3m March 12. For Sale, A Bull of the improved Durham Short Homed breed, two years and seven months old. He was sired by Ad- miral— dam, a fine imported cow. He weighs 1565 lbs, and girths 6 feet and 9 inches, although he has been kept on ordinary feed. It may with truth be said, that in every respect he is a very fine and promising animal. — Price J^6fl. For other particulars apply to Mr J. B. Russell, at the New England Farmer Office, post paid. April 2. 3t For Sabbath School Libraries. James Loring, No 132, Washington-Street, has for sale about FIVE hundred kinds of Juvenile Books, inclu- ding the publications of the American Sunday School Union, which are offered at the same rates as they are sold at the Union Depositories, and many others at less than half the nominal prices. Purchasers can be supplied with ONE hundred kinds at prices varying from 15 to 30 dollars. Within a few years he has printed upwards of 100,000 copies adapted for this purpose. Particular at- tention will be given to the wishes of purchasers in re- gard to the characters of books desired. April 2. IVanted. A first rate farmer from Massachusetts, to take charge of a farm on shares, of about 130 acres on Long Island, at about five miles from the City of New York. The ne- cessary capital will be advanced, (on good security) if required. Apply at the New England Farmer office. 312 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. April 16, 1830. MISCELLANIES. SHADE TREKS AND SIDE WALKS. As the proper season will sociti arrive, when trees may be aJvnntageously planted, it oixurs to us thai a word on the subjec* may not be out of time. It is well known that nothing contributes more to the pleasures of a walk, in a warm day, whe- ther on business or amusement, timii a shaded Olio, and it seems perfectly easy for any village to be thus ornamented with very little expense. Suppose every young man, whellier he have real estate or not, be willing to contribute one tree, consulting his own taste about the kind, and by ugreement in the street, place it in a row with others well protected ; we sliould witness in a few years sucli an improvement as would make every one proud of the share ho had in it, and more than compensate liim by one hour's walk. If the youi.g genllemeii in one of our streets should set about this in good earnest, it would not surprise us to see this commendable zeal imitated in all parts of our pleasant though unshaded town. Or, if genllenian would associate to propose and execute ])lans for the improvement of the town in this, and other obvious [)ublic wants, including the side walks, nothing would be hazarded in saying that an increase of solid wealth and comfort would be the sure result. It would serve to arouse public spirit, and call forth the ingenuity, taste, and e.tertions of the en- terprising young gentlemen of the place. By turning out in companies one hour in a day, and working in conformity with some established plan, all the necessary labor might bo done without in- curring iiublic expense, and would be just such has been honored by many a weary traveller and laborer, on whom the summer sun, ns on the head of fainting Jonah, has beaten vehemently. Here they have turned aside to s'\l down under its re- PRICES OF COUXTRY PRODUCJl. (Reported for the New Eoglaod Farmer.) APPLES, hett, freshing umbrage, to wipe the sweat and dust I A.SHES, poi, fir»4 jort from the brow, and cool the boiling blood. While ! nEANS, Kh![e/'"' " the robin, in its branches has maile a shelter for m^EK, nrw her young, the wayfaring man beneath, has leaned on his staff and breathed thanks on the kind soul who planted, and adoration to Him who made it grow. After bathing awhile in the breeze, under its shade, he has renewed his toil and pursued his journey with increased vigor. To every young man, we would say, while you admire the fruits of this day's labor, go and do likewi-ie. — Lynn Mirror. I ImoHi T* barrel. I 75 2 ] I ton. ii:. "I i::n( Lasbil Mr Jabez Newell, of Atlleborough, Mass. slates that he has been unable to discover a single peach blossom, in that vicinity, which is not ruined by frost. A strange epidemic prevails in Albany. The face swells till it is shockingly deformed. In some cases the eye sijlit is severely alTectcd. In others it is at- tenileil by a severe head-ache. In very many cases, however, there is no pain, and though the eyes are rendered weak, they are neither inflamed nor in pain. Discouragement of Lotteries. A meeting has been held in Norwich, Conn, which passed several resolu- tions in disapprobation and discouragement of lotte- ries. A committee was appointed to prepare a me- morial to the legislature, praying them to adopt such measures as may be just and proper immediately to extinguish such lotteries as are now authorized by law. JVonvich Courier. Orgo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2. 1U;TTEK, iiuprcipci, No. I, new, CliEESE, new milk, Skimmrtl milk, - FLOUR, Balliim.rc, lloward-tlreel, Genesre, - Rye, bc»l, - GRAIN, Corn, Uvc, liarlcy, - Ojis, HOG'S LAKD, Hrsi sort, new, I.I.ME. 1'l.AI.STER PARIS rclailsal POKK, clear, Navy, mess. Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, (lirds tira«, - OrclMrtI Gr.iss, Fowl Meadow, - - - Rye Grass, Tall .Meadow Oats Grau, • Red Top [northern, } Lur-t'rnp, . - - . While llor.cvsiKkle Clover, Red Clovcr.'lnortherii) French Sngar Beet, - WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, lull blood, UBwanhrd, Merino, three lounhl washed, Merino, half blood, Mertuo. quar'.er washc'!, Nai'v,-, washed, - Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - I'ulied, Lamb's, sr'-r'nd sort. Pulled, *' spion...^, first sort barrel.' 'pound. 'I ■-.", 7 73 6 75 10 4 75 5 OU 3 00 60 C5 „ 35; - CWI. 7 00 - cask. 85 - 1 loo. 41 - barrel. IG 00 17 1 Accident and Discovery. One of the Lowell Sta- eicrcise as our citizens need, more, perhaps, tliau jges, coming through Lexington a short time since. those of any other town. Much was done a fuw year.^ ago to improve the side walks, and while every one enjoys the good of it, we trust, a proper spirit of gratitude is che- rished ; — but ihey jre giving evident marks of decay, and need prompt attention to preserve them from ruin. The improvement made, though valuable, was go detached and irregular, as not to have given the best effect which the same amount of labor might have done under a more perfect concert. The future historian of Lynn, would be proud to enrich and adorn a page, with a description of a plan carried into effect, which would give addi- tioual claims to our citizens for spirit and good taste. And the youth who should have contri- buted to the design, will feel, in some distant day, a conscious pleasure in pointing his son to a tree j)lanted by his own hand, when it shall be admired by every beholder as an ornament to the neighbor- hood. The late Mr J. L. Johnson has left a useful and beautiful monument of his Freedom-day's recrea- tion, in planting the elm tree near the door of his father's former mansion, at the head of Market street. The day he was twentyone years old, he loft his home to bioatho the free air of heaven, and Indulge in innDicnt mirth and manly enjoy- ment. ' I will go 1(1 the woods,' said ho, ' and get a tree, and plant it near tho door out of which I c;inie a free man today, and ace what it will come to.' lie lived to see it festooned with a garland of flowers when La FATETrr. passeil uinler its noble arm ihat stretches itself across the street. It was observe